cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of Aqueous Solutions of Parabens

The solubility of a related series of parabens was determined in water at four temperatures. The parabens chosen were the methyl through n-butyl p-hydroxybenzoates, and the temperature variations were 5° increments from 25 to 40°. These solutes are useful preservatives, especially combinations of the methyl and propyl ester derivatives. The chemical relationship of these compounds varied by successive linear methylene additions on the ester portion of the molecules. The thermodynamic values obtained for these aqueous systems could be related to these molecular variants since the remainder of the molecule was constant. For the overall thermodynamics, the free energy functions such as the ideal, actual, and excess were found to be smooth, nonlinear functions of the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl portion of the paraben esters. A linear relationship with the number of carbon atoms in the ester portion of these esters was found with the partial excess free energy of the solute.
Functional Characterization of the Natural Human Glucocorticoid Receptor (hGR) Mutants hGRαR477H and hGRαG679S Associated with Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance

Background: Glucocorticoid resistance is often a result of mutations in the human glucocorticoid receptor α (hGRα) gene, which impair one or more of hGRα’s functions. We investigated the molecular mechanisms through which two previously described mutant receptors, hGRαR477H and hGRαG679S, with amino acid substitutions in the DNA- and ligand-binding domains, respectively, affect glucocorticoid signal transduction. Methods and Results: In transient transfection assays, hGRαR477H displayed no transcriptional activity, whereas hGRαG679S showed a 55% reduction in its ability to stimulate the transcription of the glucocorticoid-responsive mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in response to dexamethasone compared with the wild-type hGRα. Neither hGRαR477H nor hGRαG679S exerted a dominant negative effect upon the wild-type receptor. Dexamethasone binding assays showed that hGRαR477H preserved normal affinity for the ligand, whereas hGRαG679S displayed a 2-fold reduction compared with hGRα. Nuclear translocation stu...
Sediments, Facies Tracts, and Variations in Sedimentation Rates of Holocene Platform Carbonate Sediments and Associated Deposits, Northern Belize-Implications for "Representative" Sedimentation Rates

Full text is not available on SOAR. Publisher's website: http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/74/4/498 DOI: 10.1306/012004740498
The National Security Education Program in Syria

Discussion of issues surrounding Ameican students recieving funding from the US Department of Defense in Syria.
Mindful Exercise, Quality of Life, and Cancer

After completing this chapter, you should have an understanding of the following: • Increased use of mind-body therapies in cancer. • Breast cancer patients’ use of complementary therapies. • The concept of mindfulness as well as the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. • Quality of life (QOL) factors in cancer, especially cancer-related fatigue. • The benefits of exercise as a complementary therapy in cancer.
Abstract 302: Stroke Legislation Impacts Distribution of Certified Stroke Centers in the United States

Objectives: The Joint Commission (JC) began certifying primary stroke centers (PSC) in 2003 to improve the stroke system of care. Several states passed legislation to designate PSCs and regulate emergent stroke triage. The number of PSCs have increased dramatically over the past decade in the U.S. We aimed to understand the factors affecting PSC distribution in the U.S, especially the impact of state stroke legislation. Methods: PSCs certified by national organization or state until December 2013 were searched from available databases. The proportion of PSC among short-term general hospitals in each state was calculated and factors affecting its distribution were analyzed. Results: By the end of 2013, the proportion of PSC varied from 4% to 100% among the 50 states and District of Columbia (Figure 1). The 18 states with stroke legislation had higher PSC percentages (median 43%, range 13-100%) than the remaining states (median 13%, range 4-75%, p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that state stroke legislation, urbanization, and larger hospital size independently increased the likelihood of a hospital to be stroke certified. Comparing to states with the lowest GDP (1st quintile), the hospitals in those states of higher GDP were more likely to be PSC certified in univariate analysis, but not in multivariate analysis after adjusting for stroke legislation, urbanization and census region. From 2009 to 2013, states with stroke legislation had greater increase of PSC percentages compared to the states without legislation (median increase of PSC percentage 16% vs 6%, p=0.0067). Among the 1505 stroke centers, 74% were certified by the Joint Commission, 20% by state, and 6% by other organizations. Stroke centers certified only by state were smaller in size by hospital bed count compared to those certified by the JC (median 204 vs 300 beds, IQR 117-339 vs 202-436 beds, p<0.001). Conclusion: State stroke legislation significantly increased the number of certified stroke centers in the United States, potentially improving accessibility of standardized care for patients with acute ischemic stroke. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
The use of the artificial kidney in the treatment of uremia.

Certain of the uremic states respond with gratifying clinical improvement to dialysis with the artificial kidney. In acute renal insufficiency, the procedure, if properly employed, may be a valuable adjunct to conservative management and occasionally in acute spontaneous potassium intoxication have a distinct advantage over other methods of treatment. The chronic uremic patient whose debility is due primarily to retention of metabolite may improve dramatically though temporarily following the procedure. Where the clinical situation is not in large part due to these derangements, hemodialysis should be expected to have very little effect upon the clinical course. In any consideration of the benefits to be achieved by this procedure, an understanding of the lack of indication and the contraindications are of utmost importance.
Nanoindentation Behavior of Gold Single Crystals

Nanoindentation is an increasingly used tool to investigate the mechanical properties of very small volumes of material. It is usually a very consistent measure of the elastic response of material and plastic response to point contact loading. Nanoindentation experiments on gold single crystals display tremendous variation in the residual deformation. The depth of penetration, which is vital in hardness determination, can differ by as much as 100%. This large variability of the load-depth data is usually explained by surface differences such as crystal orientation, oxide thickness, presence of multiple solid phases, or contamination layers. None of these reasons apply to the variation observed in the gold system. The onset of plastic deformation is observed at a stress level on the order of the theoretical yield strength. The difference in depth of penetration is independent of this elastic-plastic transition. This paper reports on attempts to correlate the depth of penetration to surface feature size and surface preparation procedures.
Molecular and Cytogenetics Study on a Case with Short Stature

Objective In order to ensure the characteristics of molecular and cytogenetics of the patient with short stature.Methods The chromosome structural aberration was analyzed by phase in G banding,Q banding,FISH and CGH techniques.Results The final diagnosed karyotype is 46,X,der(X).ish psu dic X t(X;Y)(p11.3;p11.1)(DXZ1+,DYZ3+,DYZ1+,SRY-,PCPXYp-,PCPXYq+ +).ish cgh del(X)(p11.3pter),dup(Y)(p11.2).Conclusion Karyotype banding,FISH and CGH techniques can particularly analyse chromosome structural aberration and provide necessary medical data for clinic diagnoses and therapy.
Inhibition of tubuloglomerular feedback during adenosine1 receptor blockade.

Experiments were performed in anesthetized rats to study the effect of the selective adenosine1 (A1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX) on tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responses assessed as the maximum change of stop-flow pressure (PSF). Compared with control, PSF responses were reduced during luminal application of CPX at 10(-4) and 10(-5)M (-4.9 +/- 0.44 vs. + 0.9 +/- 0.42 mmHg and -6.8 +/- 0.69 vs. -1.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg, respectively), during peritubular administration of CPX at 10(-4)M (-6.2 +/- 0.44 vs. -2.8 +/- 0.42 mmHg), and during infusion of CPX at 10(-4) M into the lumen of a neighboring nephron (-5.6 +/- 0.6 vs. -1.98 +/- 0.51 mmHg). Selectivity of CPX was tested by studying its effect on the PSF reduction produced by the A1-receptor agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA). CHA at 10(-5)M reduced PSF when infused into the peritubular blood (-11.8 +/- 3.7 mmHg), and this effect was blunted by luminal application of CPX (-1.5 +/- 0.6 mmHg). CHA also reduced PSF when infused...
Mutual agreement, subliminal persuasion, and the possibility of pluralism

ABSTRACTThis article concludes the correspondence between Michael Warren Tumolo and myself about the roles of philosophy and rhetoric in each other’s business. It builds upon his original article “A Sublimed Experience of the Rhetoric of Plato’s Republic,” my response to this, and then his response “On Critical Faith and Metacritical Agnosticism: Nietzsche, Socrates, and the Searches for Knowledge.” Tumolo begins with a discussion of Plato’s method in his Republic and his use of deceitful rhetoric in the Metals Myth at the same time as he is devaluing rhetoricians for being deceitful. My response concerns his selective and literal versus my holistic and contextual readings of Plato and the complexities of reading a dramatic dialogue. His response illuminated the orientation for his method in the antiepistemologist stance he shares with several colleagues and the metacritical or pluralist stance he claims to share with Nietzsche. My conclusion examines the difficulties of maintaining a pluralist position w...
Integrating motor-learning concepts into physical education: using guided discovery to address NASPE standard 2.

(2009). Integrating Motor-Learning Concepts into Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 23-65.
The Mobile Fact and Concept Training System MoFaCTS

The effectiveness of Intelligent Tutoring Systems ITS research is enhanced by tools that allow researchers to quickly bridge the divide between theoretical and applied work. By providing a common infrastructure to test cognitive and learning science theories in authentic contexts with real students, the Mobile Fact and Concept Training System MoFaCTS can aid in accelerating ITS research and real world implementation. MoFaCTS is run from a web browser and allows the teacher or administrator to set up a sequence of units of content. Because the "optimal practice" module is interchangeable, the system allows for the comparison of alternative methods of adaptive practice. To foster faster research progress, data export supports the DataShop transaction format, which allows quick analysis of data using the DataShop tools. Integration with Amazon Turk allows quick and efficient data collection from this source.
The Exercise–Affect–Adherence Pathway: An Evolutionary Perspective

The low rates of regular exercise and overall physical activity (PA) in the general population represent a significant public health challenge. Previous research suggests that, for many people, exercise leads to a negative affective response and, in turn, reduced likelihood of future exercise. The purpose of this paper is to examine this exercise-affect-adherence relationship from an evolutionary perspective. Specifically, we argue that low rates of physical exercise in the general population are a function of the evolved human tendency to avoid unnecessary physical exertion. This innate tendency evolved because it allowed our evolutionary ancestors to conserve energy for physical activities that had immediate adaptive utility such as pursuing prey, escaping predators, and engaging in social and reproductive behaviors. The commonly observed negative affective response to exercise is an evolved proximate psychological mechanism through which humans avoid unnecessary energy expenditure. The fact that the human tendencies toward negative affective response to and avoidance of unnecessary physical activities are innate does not mean that they are unchangeable. Indeed, it is only because of human-engineered changes in our environmental conditions (i.e., it is no longer necessary for us to work for our food) that our predisposition to avoid unnecessary physical exertion has become a liability. Thus, it is well within our capabilities to reengineer our environments to once again make PA necessary or, at least, to serve an immediate functional purpose. We propose a two-pronged approach to PA promotion based on this evolutionary functional perspective: First, to promote exercise and other physical activities that are perceived to have an immediate purpose, and second, to instill greater perceived purpose for a wider range of physical activities. We posit that these strategies are more likely to result in more positive (or at least less negative) affective responses to exercise, better adherence to exercise programs, and higher rates of overall PA.
Raytheon Systems Company microwave automated factory

Critical elements for successful microwave manufacturing include manufacturing process capabilities, manufacturing systems, organizational structure and concurrent design and manufacturing tools. The article discusses the requirements and capabilities that have been put in place in the Raytheon Systems Company microwave automated factory (MAF) to support the cost effective manufacturing of 150,000 highly integrated microwave and millimeter wave modules.
Comparative Evaluation of Power Quality Modelling Approaches for Offshore Wind Farms

Harmonic limits for an offshore wind farm connection to the transmission system in the U.K. are specified by the utility. The harmonic limits take into account the impact of the offshore wind farm connection on the transmission system and are developed to prove compliance in meeting planning levels as stipulated in the Grid Code. In the current regime, the offshore wind farm developer takes on the responsibility of establishing the harmonic limits and then ensuring these limits are met during the operation of the wind farm. The calculation approaches used are extremely critical in deriving these harmonic limits. This paper presents three practical approaches used and compares their results with a view to explaining the implications of each of these approaches on meeting the calculated harmonic limits.
Extempore Emergency Response Technique with Virtual Reality Gaming

This paper provides an overview of Vietnam’s technology penetration and the games industry, together with the social and cultural factors and issues, to propose the idea of integrating the gaming logic and attraction with Virtual Reality technology to improve Extempore Emergency Response Technique (EERT). The key research methodology is secondary research through journals, reports, statistics, as well as local news and updates. From the social perspective, Vietnam struggles to reduce the fatal consequences of increasing disasters and accidents in both rural and urban areas year by year. However, people’s awareness of safety and appropriate emergency response remains minimal. From the technical perspective, this country is the global highlight with wide internet penetration, quick adoption of new technology, and being one of the biggest and fastest-growing markets for the games industry. The future development of smartphone games, especially VR games is expected to be tremendous in Vietnam, which facilitate various game design to combine with EERT training. Hence, implementing entertaining training solution would not only provide users with entertainment moments, but also uphold society’s awareness of self-protection skills.
Let’s All Play Together Nicely: Facilitating Collaboration in Children’s Groups

The ability to collaborate effectively with others is necessary for adult success in social relationships and work settings. Research findings suggest that it is also important for children to learn the skills involved in collaboration, because children who are able to work effectively with others have better school and social outcomes. This article draws from the author’s experience facilitating and observing children’s groups as well as the literature to suggest 8 principles for facilitating a children’s group focused on collaboration. Examples from children’s interactions in group help to illustrate the principles.
Cutaneous purpura of Sjögren syndrome successfully treated with hydroxychloroquine

Sjogren syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia). Common cutaneous manifestations of Sjogren syndrome include xerosis, annular erythema, hypergammaglobulinemic purpura, and immunologic inflammatory conditions such as vasculitis (leukocytoclastic and urticarial).1 The clinical manifestations of vasculitis depend on the degree of skin and blood vessel involvement and can range from petechiae to palpable purpura and widespread ecchymoses.2 The findings often occur on the leg.3 Here we present a case of Sjogren syndrome in which the primary cutaneous manifestations were ulcerated ecchymotic plaques that did not respond to high-dose prednisone but had an excellent response to hydroxychloroquine.
Ideotype Research and Plant Breeding

Crop yield is closely related to the genetic yield potential of the cultivar. Evans (1983) defined genetic yield potential as the yield of a cultivar grown in environments to which it is adapted, with nutrients and water non-limiting, and with pests, diseases, weeds and other stresses effectively controlled. In this context the plant breeder may opt to enhance yield potential or breed to reduce the impact of yield-limiting factors. It is not trivial to ask whether breeding to enhance genetic yield potential affords an opportunity equal to breeding to reduce yield-limiting factors. Pertinent to the answer is the fact that yield gains have been made in the major crops where breeding has been done over a period of time using both approaches; and it is encouraging that yield gains have been sizeable and sustained (Duvick, 1977; Austin et al., 1980; Riggs et al., 1981; Wych and Rasmusson, 1983; Wych and Stuthman, 1983). We should take satisfaction in and applaud conventional plant breeding.
Making Bankruptcy Work: Living Wills & the Liquidity Challenge (Presentation Slides)

Presentation with emphasis on the challenges of designing bank resolution procedures that minimize contagion and have credibility with respect to large banks.
A RHIM with a View: FLYing with Functional Amyloids

Recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan by the Drosophila IMD pathway triggers NF-κB activation and an associated immune response. In this issue of Immunity, Kleino et al. (2017) show that proteins in the IMD pathway form functional amyloids via a cryptic motif resembling the RHIM motif found in mammalian RIPK proteins. Amyloid formation can be negatively regulated, suggesting that it presents a regulatory point in multiple biological processes.
Synthesis of an electronically-tuned minimally interfering alkynyl photo-affinity label to measure small molecule–protein interactions

Abstract We report the synthesis of an electronically-tuned minimally interfering photo-affinity label (MI-PAL), a compact five-carbon tag functionalized with an alkyl diazirine and alkyne handle. MI-PAL is compatible with protein photo-conjugation, click chemistry and mass spectrometry and readily installed to complex molecules for biological target identification.
Using intervention mapping to develop “me & you: Building healthy relationships,” a healthy relationship intervention for early middle school Students

Abstract Intervention mapping (IM) is a stepped intervention development process that incorporates evidence from empirical and theoretical research and community input to develop health promotion programs. Developed by Bartholomew Eldredge et al. (2016. Planning health promotion programs: An intervention mapping approach (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass), IM consists of six steps: (1) construct a logic model of the problem, (2) state program outcomes and objectives, (3) design program, (4) produce program, (5) prepare program implementation plan, and (6) evaluation plan. IM has been used extensively to develop health promotion interventions in a variety of areas, including cancer screening, uptake of influenza vaccination, and HIV, sexually transmitted infection (STI), and teen pregnancy prevention (Garba & Gadanya, 2017. PLoS ONE , 12 , e0174438). This chapter serves a case study to illustrate how this systematic intervention development process, which uses an ecological framework, was used to develop “ Me & You: Building Healthy Relationships ,” a new healthy relationship program for early adolescent youth that includes youth, parent, and school components.
Normal Cardiovascular Parameters from Intact, Awake Animals

In this chapter resting baseline cardiovascular parameter values for the most commonly used species of animal models are tabulated. Sophistication in collecting data from previously instrumented animals has made more of this information available. Only fairly recent publications are used, based upon a greater level of confidence in the reliability of the measurements obtained.
Altered glutamate clearance in ascorbate deficient mice increases seizure susceptibility and contributes to cognitive impairment in APP/PSEN1 mice

Abstract Ascorbate (vitamin C) is critical as a first line of defense antioxidant within the brain, and specifically within the synapse. Ascorbate is released by astrocytes during glutamate clearance and disruption of this exchange mechanism may be critical in mediating glutamate toxicity within the synapse. This is likely even more critical in neurodegenerative disorders with associated excitotoxicity and seizures, in particular Alzheimer's disease, in which ascorbate levels are often low. Using Gulo−/− mice that are dependent on dietary ascorbate, we established that low brain ascorbate increased sensitivity to kainic acid as measured via behavioral observations, electroencephalography (EEG) measurements, and altered regulation of several glutamatergic system genes. Kainic acid–induced immobility was improved in wild-type mice following treatment with ceftriaxone, which upregulates glutamate transporter GLT-1. The same effect was not observed in ascorbate-deficient mice in which sufficient ascorbate is not available for release. A single, mild seizure event was sufficient to disrupt performance in the water maze in low-ascorbate mice and in APPSWE/PSEN1dE9 mice. Together, the data support the critical role of brain ascorbate in maintaining protection during glutamatergic hyperexcitation events, including seizures. The study further supports a role for mild, subclinical seizures in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
A global perspective on tech investment, financing, and ICT on manufacturing and service industry performance

Abstract We investigate the influence of manufacturing and service technology investments (i.e., tech investments), Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), and financial factors on global manufacturing and service industry performance, from 2006 to 2014. This is accomplished by employing clustering, and decision tree induction, in conjunction with the Technology, Organization, and Environment framework (TOE) as the theoretical framework of the investigation. ICT and financial factors vary in importance across industries at different levels of technological advancement. Low-tech industries rely on loans and tech investments. As they move to transition industries, tech investments are more important. Once they become highly technologically advanced, bank lending policies become more important.
A distributed continuous-time method for non-convex QCQPs

Abstract This paper studies non-convex Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programmings (QCQPs) via the continuous-time optimization dynamics. We first develop an easily checkable necessary and sufficient condition that characterizes whether a KKT point will also be a saddle-point (the pair of primal and dual optima) for a non-convex QCQP. Then we analyze the semistability of the saddle-point equilibrium set with respect to the proposed optimization dynamics. We also point out that, for certain networked QCQPs, the proposed approach exhibits an intrinsic distributed computational structure.
Control of Motility in the Internal Anal Sphincter

The internal anal sphincter (IAS) plays an important role in the maintenance of fecal continence since it generates tone and is responsible for > 70% of resting anal pressure. During normal defecation the IAS relaxes. Historically, tone generation in gastrointestinal muscles was attributed to mechanisms arising directly from smooth muscle cells, ie, myogenic activity. However, slow waves are now known to play a fundamental role in regulating gastrointestinal motility and these electrical events are generated by the interstitial cells of Cajal. Recently, interstitial cells of Cajal, as well as slow waves, have also been identified in the IAS making them viable candidates for tone generation. In this review we discuss four different mechanisms that likely contribute to tone generation in the IAS. Three of these involve membrane potential, L-type Ca2+ channels and electromechanical coupling (ie, summation of asynchronous phasic activity, partial tetanus, and window current), whereas the fourth involves the regulation of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Contractile activity in the IAS is also modulated by sympathetic motor neurons that significantly increase tone and anal pressure, as well as inhibitory motor neurons (particularly nitrergic and vasoactive intestinal peptidergic) that abolish contraction and assist with normal defecation. Alterations in IAS motility are associated with disorders such as fecal incontinence and anal fissures that significantly decrease the quality of life. Understanding in greater detail how tone is regulated in the IAS is important for developing more effective treatment strategies for these debilitating defecation disorders.
Influence of welding and neutron irradiation on dislocation loop formation and α′ precipitation in a FeCrAl alloy

Abstract An advanced accident-tolerant FeCrAl alloy, C35 M (Fe–13Cr–10Al–1Mo, at %), and its laser-fusion weldments were studied after neutron irradiation up to 1.8 dpa at 357 °C to evaluate the radiation damage and α′-precipitation kinetics. Results show that the densities of α′ in the fusion zone (FZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were only a third of that in the base material, i.e., 2.3 × 1024 m−3. Density of dislocation loops in the FZ and HAZ were less than half of that in base material. The size of α′ precipitates and the dislocation loops were found to be smaller in base material, compared to FZ and HAZ. The variances in microstructural response within the different regions were attributed to initial as-welded states of each region, indicating the impact of the pre-irradiation condition on radiation response in FeCrAl alloys.
Quantum electrodynamics in a piece of rock

Gauge theories, such as quantum electrodynamics, are a cornerstone of high-energy particle physics. They may also describe the physics of certain unassuming materials. Recent theoretical work moves this idea closer to reality.
Grounding and the Myth of Ontological Innocence

According to the Ontological Innocence Thesis (OIT), grounded entities are ontologically innocent relative to their full grounds. I argue that OIT entails a contradiction, and therefore must be dis...
Menstruation and contraception patterns of female adolescent transplant recipients

Background There is a lack of knowledge regarding menstrual cycles and contraception usage for adolescent transplant patients and families. Solid organ transplant patients start teratogenic medications which have pregnancy implications. We explore adolescent female solid organ transplant recipient and guardian's contraceptive knowledge and attitudes as well as menstrual patterns. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive research design was utilized to collect information from adolescent female transplant patients who are on mycophenolate mofetil after solid organ transplant and their guardians within our freestanding children's hospital via a survey. The sample consisted of all female adolescent patients who have completed a solid organ transplant and are on mycophenolate mofetil from April 2016 through May 2017. Results Twenty-one patients were approached, of which nineteen patients and seventeen guardians completed the survey. The average age of the patient was 16.2 years. The average age at time of transplant was 12.2 years. The type of transplants includes renal (57.1%), heart (23.8%), and liver (4.8%). There were six patients (33.3%) who had a history of sexual activity; among these patients, the mean number of partners in the last year was 1.2. Menstrual concerns included dysmenorrhea, irregular bleeding, and heavy bleeding pre- and post-transplant, respectively. Participants reported contraceptive counseling prior to and after transplant approximately half of the time. Conclusions Adolescent solid organ transplant patients have multiple reproductive needs including contraception, dysmenorrhea, and irregular bleeding. Integration of contraceptive knowledge into clinical care received by adolescents with solid organ transplants is supported by knowledge gained through this study.
Revealing the human mucinome

Mucin domains are densely O-glycosylated modular protein domains found in a wide variety of cell surface and secreted proteins. Mucin-domain glycoproteins are key players in a host of human diseases, especially cancer, but the scope of the mucinome remains poorly defined. Recently, we characterized a bacterial mucinase, StcE, and demonstrated that an inactive point mutant retains binding selectivity for mucins. In this work, we leveraged inactive StcE to selectively enrich and identify mucins from complex samples like cell lysate and crude ovarian cancer patient ascites fluid. Our enrichment strategy was further aided by an algorithm to assign confidence to mucin-domain glycoprotein identifications. This mucinomics platform facilitated detection of hundreds of glycopeptides from mucin domains and highly overlapping populations of mucin-domain glycoproteins from ovarian cancer patients. Ultimately, we demonstrate our mucinomics approach can reveal key molecular signatures of cancer from in vitro and ex vivo sources.
Real-time visualization of particle evolution during reactive flux-assisted processing of aluminum melts

Abstract A multi-modal, multi-scale correlative tomography investigation of Al-TiC metal matrix composites processed via flux-assisted reaction synthesis is reported. Synchrotron X-ray microradiography is utilized to visualize the reaction and particle evolution in real-time. Changes in particle diameter and areal number density suggest that the process is nucleation- rather than growth-dominated. At 950 °C, the bulk of the reaction takes place in a relatively short time span of less than 600 s. The microstructure is imaged at higher resolution in 2D (scanning electron microscopy) and 3D (synchrotron X-ray nanotomography), revealing the formation of carbide particles with a hexagonal platelet morphology. We propose that the morphology arises due to the incorporation of Si impurities during the experiment. It is expected that the correlative tomography workflow and analysis may guide future metal matrix composite (MMC) processing strategies.
Isolated same-basin lymph node recurrence after precision lymph node excision for clinically evident melanoma metastasis.

9576Background: While management of the nodal basin for melanoma has largely moved to observation for microscopic sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis, complete lymph node dissection (CLND) remains...
Constitutional Law: A Survey of Michigan Cases

This article surveys constitutional cases coming out of Michigan from May 31, 2017 through June 1, 2018. The survey period tended to involve topics that will be in the fronts of the minds of U.S. Supreme Court watchers for the next several years: analytical approaches to religion, equal protection, and due process that may morph as Justice Brett Kavanaugh takes the seat vacated by former Justice Anthony M. Kennedy. Cases were heavier on federal constitutional law than state constitutional law; this article therefore focuses more heavily on the former. The article analyzes cases involving enumerated rights — namely, cases involving speech and religion under the First Amendment; unenumerated rights under the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses; and the scope and other limits on government power, generally. This article includes, of course, coverage of cases from Michigan state courts, but because some of the most interesting cases during the survey period were litigated in federal courts, the article also covers cases from federal district courts in Michigan and, when appropriate, cases from the Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals involving Michigan parties. During the survey period, federal courts and Michigan appellate courts broke new ground, particularly in the areas of free exercise, equal protection, threshold questions around due process rights, the essential political nature of Native American tribes, and the Contracts Clause.
Radiation Therapy Dose and Fractionation Schedules for Breast Angiosarcomas: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Purpose/objective(s) Breast angiosarcoma (AS) is an uncommon malignancy that is either secondary to prior radiation therapy (RT) or can occur in the primary setting in the absence of prior RT. Since these malignancies are rare, there are scant prospective data to guide the optimal use and timing of surgery, chemotherapy and RT. Here, we set to focus on details of RT use for primary AS and secondary AS with a focus on the dose, fractionation and timing of RT relative to surgery using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). We hypothesized that RT use would be more frequent in primary AS compared to secondary AS. In addition, we hypothesized that when RT is used, hyperfractionated schedules and preoperative RT would be more common in secondary AS compared to primary AS. Materials/methods We identified patients with a histologic diagnosis of AS from the NCDB from 2004-2016. Patients that were coded as having a prior malignancy were used as a surrogate to denote secondary AS whereas the rest were classified as primary AS. RT use was defined as conventional fractionation (1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction given daily); hypofractionated (> 2.0 Gy/fraction given daily); accelerated hyperfractionated (≤1.5 Gy/fraction given 2-3 times/day); palliative (total dose≤30 Gy); or unknown (insufficient RT details provided). Comparisons between the primary AS and secondary AS groups were performed using the chi-square test with P Results We identified 1,174 patients with non-metastatic AS: 864 secondary AS, 310 primary AS. Radiation was used in 211 patients (18.0%) and was significantly more common in primary AS compared to secondary AS (36.1% [N = 113] vs. 11.4% [N = 98], P Conclusion Radiation use for the treatment of breast AS is uncommon, even for patients with primary AS. When RT is used, conventional fractionation schedules predominate. However, accelerated hyperfractionation is used more frequently in secondary AS with 1.5 Gy BID to doses≥45 Gy as the most common regimen. Preoperative RT is rarely used for AS based on this analysis. The under-utilization of RT and wide variations in RT dose/fractionation schedules emphasize the need for more standardized consensus guidelines for this rare but aggressive malignancy.
Profundity: A Universal Value

The crisis or "death" of philosophy currently identified both within and outside professional circles is commonly attributed to the failure to find universals in metaphysics, epistemology, and, most obviously, in valuational judgment. Profundity concentrates on an assumption uniformly upheld in the theory of value, that all human values are contextually dependent. Harrell contends, to the contrary, that there exists one major value that is universal to humans, regardless of context. That value is profundity, or depth. Considering how "profundity" is used in our language leads Harrell to identify two fundamental sensory patterns that are common to all human life at its origin-an auditory pattern that is first experienced before birth and a visual one that is experienced immediately after birth. From analysis of these patterns as they recur in music and the visual arts, Harrell moves on to discuss their related manifestations in religious doctrine, ceremony, and experience and also in works of literature. Overall her theory entails a radical revamping of the concept of creativity, since no artist can create profundity as a universal value, and provides the first full-scale treatment of profundity in the history of Western philosophy.
Forecasting with the term structure: The role of no-arbitrage restrictions

No-arbitrage term structure models impose cross-sectional restrictions among yields and can be used to impose dynamic restrictions on risk compensation. This paper evaluates the importance of these restrictions when using the term structure to forecast future bond yields. It concludes that no cross-sectional restrictions are helpful, because cross-sectional properties of yields are easy to infer with high precision. Dynamic restrictions are useful, but can be imposed without relying on the no-arbitrage structure. In practice, the most important dynamic restriction is that the first principal component of Treasury yields follows a random walk. A simple model built around this assumption produces out-of-sample forecasts that are more accurate than those of a variety of alternative dynamic models.
Gravitational field of a freely moving mass

A definition of a freely moving mass in general relativity is proposed based upon properties of the analogous motion in special relativity. Co-ordinate ambiguities can, to a large extent, be removed with the use of «invariant» quantities which play the role of «gauge invariants» in general relativity under co-ordinate transformations which do not change the frame of reference. The gravitational «force» which a freely moving source, taken to be a Schwarzschild mass, exerts on a test mass momentarily at rest, or on another mass momentarily at rest asymptotically far away is calculated, showing that two-body effects can be important even in the case of a «test» mass. The definition of a freely moving mass is shown to be physically meaningful to terms of second order. The calculation has close similarities to that for the analogous motion of a freely moving charge in electrodynamics, renforcing the idea that a restricted set of co-ordinate transformations in general relativity corresponds to the gauge transformations of electrodynamics in special relativity.
â The Intersection of Gender, Race and Ethnicity with Voter Turnout: Explaining Differences Across the States.â

We assess the interaction between race/ethnicity and gender by examining state differences in voter turnout. We also examine the impact of descriptive representation on turnout for the intersections of race/ethnicity and gender. We combine November Current Population Survey data with state data on office-holding by gender and race/ethnicity in the states and examine turnout in the 2000 and 2004 elections. We find differences across states in turnout rates by race/ethnicity and gender and that the degree of descriptive representation partially accounts for differences in turnout across the states, but not for all groups examined. Generally, white female representatives increase white turnout for white women and men, while black representation of either gender seems to increase turnout among black men and women. On the other hand, Latino/a representation does not increase Latino/a turnout.
Selected Attitudes of Teachers and Student Perceptions of Instruction at the Primary Level

In 1970, Flanders stressed that “teaching behavior is the most potent, single, controllable factor that can alter learning opportunities in the classroom” (Flanders, 1970, p. 13). Since that time a growing number of educational studies have shown that teaching behavior is indeed an important variable in classroom research. However, these studies have also shown that the distinction between teaching behaviors and the attitudes and perceptions of teachers is not a clear one. For example, many of the labels associated with behavioral characteristics such as honest, aggressive, authoritarian, destructive, democratic, are the same labels used to describe teachers’ attitudes and personalities. There appears to be no general agreement as to whether changes in behavior lead to attitudinal changes or if changes in attitudes lead to behavioral change. It is generally agreed, however, that attitudinal or behavioral change is most often evident among those individuals who sense some reason for change. If the attitudes and behaviors of teachers stem from the role they have defined for themselves as teachers (Brophy & Good, 1974, p. 130), it seems plausible that clarification or redefinition of that role might lead to particular attitudinal or behavioral changes.
Adaptive integral manifold control of flexible joint robot manipulators

The authors extend the integral manifold approach for the control of flexible joint robot manipulators from the known parameter case to the adaptive case. The resulting adaptive law, referred to as the corrective control law, consists of a fast component to damp the fast dynamics and a slow component which is designed based on the integral manifold theory and which consists of a rigid based component along with additional corrective terms. The authors give a detailed derivation of the corrective control law and present tracking results. They illustrate the implementation of the control law using simulation examples and study tracking performance and robustness with respect to an allowable range of stiffness and high adaptation gains. >
Spatially-resolved microstructure in shear banding wormlike micellar solutions

Recently proposed theories for shear banding in wormlike micellar solutions (WLMs) rely on a shear‐induced isotropic‐nematic (I‐N) phase separation as the mechanism for banding. Critical tests of such theories require spatially‐resolved measurements of flow‐kinematics and local mesoscale microstructure within the shear bands. We have recently developed such capabilities using a short gap Couette cell for flow‐small angle neutron scattering (flow‐SANS) measurements in the 1–2 plane of shear with collaborators at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. This work combines flow‐SANS measurements with rheology, rheo‐optics and velocimetry measurements to present the first complete spatially‐resolved study of WLMs through the shear banding transition for a model shear banding WLM solution near the I‐N phase boundary. The shear rheology is well‐modeled by the Giesekus constitutive equation, with incorporated stress diffusion to predict shear banding. By fitting the stress diffusivity at the onset of banding, the m...
Some Basic Logic Circuits of Computers

The complex logical operations performed by any digital instrument, be it a simple digital voltmeter or a sophisticated computer, are based on a system of symbolic concepts known as boolean algebra, named after George Boole, who began publishing the algebra of logic in 1847. In a digital instrument, these symbolic concepts are implemented by means of electronic circuits called logic circuits or gates.
Bankruptcy Control and the Theory of the Firm

Over the last five years, the idea that bankruptcy practice has trounced the scheme of the 1978 Bankruptcy Code (from now on “The Code”) has emerged. Pioneered by professors Baird and Rasmussen, a cluster of legal literature has developed around the changes in bankruptcy practice, the reasons behind those changes and possible efficiency implications of the professed novel occurrences. There are conflicting opinions over almost every aspect of the debate, but everyone seems to agree at least that actual bankruptcy practice has evolved from the depictions commonly made two decades ago. Technological changes and financial innovations3 seem to be the triggering factor for the new developments. Financial contracting design has adopted a widespread use of agreement specific increasingly detailed covenants, which allowed writing contracts that depended upon the new monitoring technology. The financial strategist is now able to employ security interests in virtually all the debtor’s property, present and future, intertwined with the credit agreement in order to reinforce the power of the lender. These innovations have helped to create new scenarios for lenders, who under the new conditions have a tighter grip to closely monitor the debtor financial health. As a result of the increased efficiency of the system, lenders willingness to advance funding seems to have grown, as evidenced by the fewer unencumbered assets that debtors have when entering bankruptcy.
Incidence and outcome of fungal infections in pediatric small bowel transplant recipients

D.F. Florescu, K.M. Islam, W. Grant, D.F. Mercer, A. Langnas, J. Botha, B. Nielsen, A.C. Kalil. Incidence and outcome of fungal infections in pediatric small bowel transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2010: 12: 497–504. All rights reserved. Background. Data on the incidence, timing, and outcome of fungal infections in pediatric small bowel transplantation (SBT) are lacking. Methods. Cases of pediatric SBT from January 2003 through December 2007 were collected. Standard induction was with thymoglobulin and/or basiliximab and maintenance immunosuppression was a tacrolimus-based regimen. Chi-square was used for categorical variables and Kaplan–Meier for survival analyses. Results. A total 98 recipients were included; 25 patients developed 59 episodes of Candida infections and 4 episodes of invasive aspergillosis (incidence 25.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17%, 34%). Of the Candida species, 37.3% were Candida albicans and 62.7% non-albicans Candida. Of all yeast infections, 66.1% were fungemia, 28.8% intra-abdominal infections, 1.7% empyema, and 3.4% urinary tract infection. Of the Candida intra-abdominal infections, 41.2% developed in the first month post transplantation, while 79.5% of candidemia developed after >6 months. Median time from transplantation to fungal infection was significantly shorter for abdominal infections compared with fungemia (9 versus 163 days; P=0.004). All-cause mortality was not significantly different between patients with and without fungal infections (32.3% versus 29.8%; odds ratio=1.12, 95% CI 0.45, 2.8). Conclusion. Fungal infections occurred in 25% of SBT recipients and C. albicans was the most common species. Intra-abdominal fungal infections occurred earlier ( 6 months) post transplantation.
The Gendered Construction of the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act.

This chapter uses a feminist analysis to unpack how gender and gender arrangements are constructed and maintained through the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act.