cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder-driven approach to developing a peer-mentoring intervention for young adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities and co-occurring mental health conditions.

BACKGROUND Young adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities and co-occurring mental health conditions (IDD-MH) experience significant mental health disparities. Barriers to services include transportation and stigma associated with services. Peer mentoring (PM) may be one solution to these barriers. METHODS We conducted exploratory research to develop a PM intervention for young adults with IDD-MH by partnering with 3 young adults with IDD-MH and a seven-member advisory board. In addition, we conducted focus groups with mental health clinicians (n = 10), peer providers (n = 9), and transition specialists (n = 20) to identify the desired PM outcomes and features and content that may facilitate these outcomes. RESULTS Prioritized outcome: identifying and utilizing leisure activities as coping strategies. PM features: mentors should use relationship- and outcome-driven actions to operationalize a mentee-centred approach. Features and content considerations: safety, mentor matching, degree of structure, mentor training and support, and collaboration with mentees' support teams. DISCUSSION Findings are aligned with previous research on PM.
Refined Prediction of Pharmacokinetic Kratom-Drug Interactions: Time-Dependent Inhibition Considerations

Preparations from the leaves of the kratom plant (Mitragyna speciosa) are consumed for their opioid-like effects. Several deaths have been associated with kratom used concomitantly with some drugs. Pharmacokinetic interactions are potential underlying mechanisms of these fatalities. Accumulating in vitro evidence has demonstrated select kratom alkaloids, including the abundant indole alkaloid mitragynine, as reversible inhibitors of several cytochromes P450 (CYPs). The objective of this work was to refine the mechanistic understanding of potential kratom-drug interactions by considering both reversible and time-dependent CYP inhibition (TDI) in the liver and intestine. Mitragynine was tested against CYP2C9 (diclofenac 4′-hydroxylation), CYP2D6 (dextromethorphan O-demethylation), and CYP3A (midazolam 1′-hydroxylation) activities in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and CYP3A activity in human intestinal microsomes (HIMs). Comparing the absence to presence of NADPH during pre-incubation of mitragynine with HLMs or HIMs, an ~7-fold leftward shift in IC50 (~20 to 3 μM) towards CYP3A resulted, prompting determination of TDI parameters (HLMs: KI, 4.1 {plus minus} 0.9 μM; kinact, 0.068 {plus minus} 0.01 min-1; HIMs: KI, 4.2 {plus minus} 2.5 μM; kinact, 0.079 {plus minus} 0.02 min-1). Mitragynine caused no leftward shift in IC50 towards CYP2C9 (~40 μM) and CYP2D6 (~1 μM) but was a strong competitive inhibitor of CYP2D6 (Ki, 1.17 {plus minus} 0.07 μM). Using a recommended mechanistic static model, mitragynine (2-g kratom dose) was predicted to increase dextromethorphan and midazolam area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) by 1.06 and 5.69-fold, respectively. The predicted midazolam AUC ratio exceeded the recommended cut-off (1.25), which would have been missed if TDI was not considered. Significance Statement Kratom, a botanical natural product increasingly consumed for its opioid-like effects, may precipitate potentially serious pharmacokinetic interactions with drugs. The abundant kratom indole alkaloid, mitragynine, was shown to be a time-dependent inhibitor of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A activity. A mechanistic static model predicted mitragynine to increase systemic exposure to the probe drug substrate midazolam by 5.7-fold, necessitating further evaluation via dynamic models and clinical assessment to advance understanding of consumer safety associated with kratom use.
COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT OF THE INFLATING BRANES IN THE RANDALL–SUNDRUM–ODA MODEL

We examine the issue of the cosmological constant in the many inflating branes scenario, extending on two recent models by I. Oda and Randall–Sundrum. The exact solution in a closed form is found in the slow-roll approximation for the branes. We show that each positive tension brane has an induced canonical cosmological constant and expansion rate that are decreasing functions of their position in the fifth dimension. The reason is that the square of the effective expansion rate enters as a source term in the Einstein equations for the branes. Thus the brane has two scale factors depending on time and the fifth dimension respectively. A displacement of the brane along the fifth dimension would adjust its effective expansion rate in such a way that it compensates for its internal energy changes due to inflation and possible phase transitions.
Connective action or collective inertia? Emotion, cognition, and the limits of digitally networked resistance

Connective action, or individuals networking with each other online to form social movements, rarely leads to lasting change. In this study, we argue that such movements are ultimately ineffective ...
Infectious Abscess as Complication of Steroid Injection With Dilation of Refractory Upper Gastrointestinal Strictures

Benign, refractory upper gastrointestinal strictures can be challenging to treat. Dilation combined with intralesional steroid injection is part of treatment algorithms. This intervention is typically well-tolerated, and few complications of this technique have been reported in the literature. We report 2 patients with infectious abscesses, 1 involving the neck and 1 involving the pylorus, as a complication of steroid injection and dilation of refractory strictures.
In-beam γ -ray spectroscopy of P 37 – 42

The level schemes of the neutron-rich $^{37--42}\mathrm{P}$ isotopes are investigated via in-beam $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy following the fragmentation of a $^{45}\mathrm{Cl}$ projectile beam at intermediate beam energies. Information on $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence relationships complemented by comparisons to shell-model calculations in the $sd\text{\ensuremath{-}}pf$ model space were used to construct excitation level schemes for these neutron-rich nuclei. For the odd-mass $^{37,39}\mathrm{P}$ isotopes, a level scheme is presented that appears essentially complete at low energies and exhausts the states predicted by the SDPF-MU shell-model Hamiltonian. Simple Nilsson configurations are proposed for the low-lying excited states of $^{38,39,40,41}\mathrm{P}$ from an analysis of the $E2$ transition matrix elements and moments calculated within the shell model.
Implementation of a Surgical Intensivist Model Increases Palliative Care Consultation in the Care of Trauma ICU Patients.

Objective:This study investigated patient outcomes of care before and after transitioning to a surgical intensivist-led trauma-intensive care unit (ICU) team. The intensivist team provided daily mu...
Insulation Coordination Design for Grid-Connected Solid-State Transformers

The deployment of solid-state transformers (SSTs) in medium-voltage distribution systems is facing various challenges, especially the challenge of insulation coordination design against grid-originated lightning impulses. In this paper, two challenges in existing insulation coordination designs for grid-connected SSTs are identified. One challenge is the mismatch between metal-oxide varistor (MOV) protective levels and SST insulation strength, the other challenge is the incompatibility of standard impulse test on SST protective structures. To address the MOV selection challenge, a novel lightning protection scheme is designed to protect a single-stage SST where the semiconductor modules are directly exposed to external lightning impulses. The in-lab lightning impulse tests are performed to verify the overvoltage attenuation performance of the prototyped lightning protection scheme. To address the impulse test challenge, the surge withstand capability of the protected SST is comprehensively evaluated with a complete set of insulation coordination design procedures beyond the BIL test. After these two challenges are addressed, a discussion is presented on substituting conventional transformers with the protected SSTs into insulation-coordinated distribution systems to facilitate the field deployment of SSTs.
Narcistische stoornissen bij adolescenten

De betekenis van de term ‘narcisme’ is niet nauw omschreven. Vaak wordt ermee bedoeld: eigenliefde, en vooral een teveel aan eigenliefde. Een narcistische persoon of een ‘narcist’ is in deze betekenis iemand die het erg heeft getroffen met zichzelf. Vaak wekken deze mensen irritatie op bij anderen. Een tweede betekenis van de term narcisme is ‘het zelfgevoel betreffend’.
Laboratory investigation of the role of desorption kinetics on americium transport associated with bentonite colloids

Understanding the parameters that control colloid-mediated transport of radionuclides is important for the safe disposal of used nuclear fuel. We report an experimental and reactive transport modeling examination of americium transport in a groundwater–bentonite–fracture fill material system. A series of batch sorption and column transport experiments were conducted to determine the role of desorption kinetics from bentonite colloids in the transport of americium through fracture materials. We used fracture fill material from a shear zone in altered granodiorite collected from the Grimsel Test Site (GTS) in Switzerland and colloidal suspensions generated from FEBEX bentonite, a potential repository backfill material. The colloidal suspension (100 mg L−1) was prepared in synthetic groundwater that matched the natural water chemistry at GTS and was spiked with 5.5 × 10−10 M 241Am. Batch characterizations indicated that 97% of the americium in the stock suspension was adsorbed to the colloids. Breakthrough experiments conducted by injecting the americium colloidal suspension through three identical columns in series, each with mean residence times of 6 h, show that more than 95% of the bentonite colloids were transported through each of the columns, with modeled colloid filtration rates (kf) of 0.01–0.02 h−1. Am recoveries in each column were 55–60%, and Am desorption rate constants from the colloids, determined from 1-D transport modeling, were 0.96, 0.98, and 0.91 h−1 in the three columns, respectively. The consistency in Am recoveries and desorption rate constants in each column indicates that the Am was not associated with binding sites of widely-varying strengths on the colloids, as one binding site with fast kinetics represented the system accurately for all three sequential columns. Our data suggest that colloid-mediated transport of Am in a bentonite-fracture fill material system is unlikely to result in transport over long distance scales because of the ability of the fracture materials to rapidly strip Am from the bentonite colloids and the apparent lack of a strong binding site that would keep a fraction of the Am strongly-associated with the colloids.
Marketing Strategies for Reaching Minority Markets

Hispanics, Asians, and African-Americans are a huge growth market in the United Stales. These minority groups are geographically concentrated and marketers need to understand these concentrations of minorities so advertising can reach targeted populations. By learning minorities' characteristics and attributes, marketers can position themselves for success in the future.
Improving the Swedish Constitution

Although the Swedish constitutions have been among the best in the world for the past century and a half, the current Swedish constitution has performed less well than some of the best-performing alternatives; indeed, the most recent constitution can be said to have performed less well in some respects than the previous one. The latter, together with the normative theory of governance developed in part II of this book, suggests that it is clearly possible to improve the present Swedish constitution. The present chapter provides a number of suggestions grounded in that analysis and in recent Swedish experience. The suggestions offered are not intended to be definitive or necessarily taken as a whole, but are intended to characterize a few constitutional reforms that can improve Swedish governance in the present context. Essentially all of the suggestions are within the range of Swedish experience and may in that sense be regarded as feasible, at least in principle, although this is not the primary concern of the present discussion.
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of C36

The local density of electronic states N(E) has been measured on C{sub 36} thin films using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). A 0.8thinspthinspeV energy gap and sharp features in N(E) with widths as small as 0.2thinspthinspeV can be ascribed to the discrete molecular energy levels predicted for the C{sub 36} molecule, broadened by intermolecular interactions. However, a more complete agreement between the experimental results and theoretical predictions occurs if the system is modeled as covalently bonded C{sub 36} dimers and trimers. These results confirm the molecular nature of C{sub 36} as well as its higher reactivity as compared to larger size fullerenes. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Depressive symptoms and help-seeking behaviors among Korean Americans

Cheung M, Leung P, Cheung A. Depressive symptoms and help-seeking behaviors among Korean Americans Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 421–429 © 2010 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. Korean Americans represent the fifth largest group of Asian Americans in the USA. This exploratory survey of 205 Korean Americans (92.2 percent foreign born) found that those with depressive symptoms tend to be younger, have lower incomes, and are more concerned about their basic needs, community/social needs, family relationship issues, and healthcare issues than those without depressive symptoms. Income, healthcare concerns, and anxiety were significant predictors of depression. The likelihood of having depressive symptoms among Korean Americans with anxiety was 240 times higher than among those without anxiety, but acculturation was not a significant contributing factor. Most respondents tended to seek advice about their mental health problems from physicians and non-mental health professionals (friends and religious healers). Implications for social work education, research, practice, and policy are discussed in relation to the need to use evidence-based practice data to plan culturally relevant services for ethnic minorities.
Dielectric Constant and Viscosity of Pressurized 3He-4He Solutions Near the Tricritical Point

Measurements of the dielectric constant e and the product of the normal density ρ n and the viscosity η have been made on 3He-4He solutions at pressures up to the solidus. In this experiment both ρ n η, determined from the damping on a vibrating wire, and e, determined by the frequency shift of a tunnel diode oscillator, can be measured simultaneously in both the 3He-rich and the 4He-rich phases below the separation. Data taken for 63.6–75.1% 3He for temperatures between 0.45 and 1.2°K are presented. Viscosity and ρ n η results near the tricritical point and the resulting phase diagram for elevated pressures obtained from the measured dielectric constant are given.
Dual-detector-post-column reactor system for the detection of isoenzymes separated by high-performance liquid chromatography : II. Evaluation and application to lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes

We describe the separation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes by high-performance liquid chromatography-anion-exchange columns and their quantitation by a computer-controlled, dual-detector post-column reaction system. The recoveries from the separation column were ca. 90%. The dynamic range of the system was linear over about three orders of magnitude from 3 to 1500 U/l. The coefficient of variation for isoenzyme peak areas was ca. 2%. The method is compared to the classical electrophoresis measurement and shows increased speed, resolution, precision and accuracy.
A 900 MHz frequency synthesizer with integrated LC voltage-controlled oscillator

Integration of general-purpose frequency synthesizers usually requires a BiCMOS process and necessitates a compromise between the level of integration and performance. Frequency synthesizers with extensive channel programming flexibility and low phase noise typically require external voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) while highly-integrated synthesizers utilizing on-chip VCOs tend to exhibit degraded phase-noise performance. The frequency synthesizer presented here features low reference spurs and low phase-noise and is fully-integrated with the exception of an external crystal and an RC loop-filter. It uses a 25 GHz f/sub /spl tau// silicon bipolar process and is for 900 MHz ISM band applications and operates over a supply voltage range of 2.7 V to 5.0 V. The integration level is achieved by a simplified pulse-swallow architecture that provides 41 channels with a 600 kHz spacing and requires a 6 bit programming word.
Fieldwork among the Maya: Reflections on the Harvard Chiapas Project

Fieldwork among the Maya: Reflections on the Harvard Chiapas Project. Evon Z. Vogt Albuquerque. University of New Mexico Press, 1994. 451 pp.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of nonacyclic and trisdecacyclic pyrazines related to cephalostatin

Abstract Steroidal α-azidoketones are converted through catalytic reduction to C2 symmetrical nonacyclic and trisdecacyclic pyrazines. An unusual azide-mediated formation of an unsymmetrical heterobenzyl azide was observed. In vitro testing of the symmetrical pyrazines revealed cytotoxicity of about 10−5 M; the azidopyrazine was about 100-fold more cytotoxic. Animal testing of one of the derivatives in the xenograft implanted H/1.2-NRK and K/1-NRK cell lines showed inhibition of tumor growth between 50–60%.
The association of serum nonesterified fatty acids and cholesterol, management and feeding practices with peripartum disease in dairy cows

A prospective study was conducted to determine the relationship of serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and cholesterol concentrations and herd management practices to the occurrence of metritis, mastitis and retained placenta in Holstein cows in Michigan. Serum samples were collected once prepartum and once postpartum from 257 cows. Animals were under observation for disease occurrence from the date of calving until 3 months postpartum. Metabolic variables used were (1) prepartum only; (2) postpartum only; (3) the NEFA/cholesterol ratio for both pre- and postpartum samples. Management variables included maternity management, feed management, and factors such as season and parity. Multivariable logistic models with random-effect terms to account for the herd effect were used for data analysis. Results showed that: (1) metabolic events associated with energy insufficiency-increased fat mobilization and serum lipoprotein metabolism-were related to increased risk of metritis and retained placenta; (2) higher energy consumption during the last weeks of the dry period might reduce disease risk at parturition; (3) serum NEFA and cholesterol concentrations have potential as indicators of disease risk in dairy cows.
How TaqI endonuclease recognizes its cognate sequence

The thermophilic restriction endonuclease TaqI has recently been cloned and sequenced, and is being studied as a model protein for deciphering DNA recognition
Experimental Determination of Smectite Hydration States Under Diagenetic Conditions: ABSTRACT

Knowledge of the hydration state of smectite under burial diagenetic conditions is necessary for the interpretation of the smectite to illite transformation, abnormal fluid pressure development, and reservoir properties. Simple changes in fluid composition, pressure, or temperature have been thought to affect the number of layers of water associated with smectite at depth. The hydration state of smectite while in contact with brine, at pressures and temperatures that simulate burial diagenetic conditions, has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. A heated high-pressure X-ray cell was used to determine the basal spacing from oriented mounts. The hydration state of the smectite was monitored by determining the 2^Thgr positions of the 003 and 005 reflections. Two layers of water (d001 = 15.8A) are retained by Cheto montmorillonite in 1 molal NaCl solution under 15.1 MPa (2,200 psi) pressure, to at least 175°C, and in the same solution under 3.4 MPa (500 psi) to 125°C. Two layers of water are also retained by Cheto montmorillonite in 5 molal NaCl solution to 200°C under pressures of 4.83 MPa (700 psi) and 46.2 MPa (6,700 psi). This experimental evidence contradicts the previously suggested mechanism for generating fluid overpressuring in shales by simple thermal dehydration of smectite under burial conditions. Experiments done with dilute NaCl solutions demonstrate the effect of concentration on the swelling of smectite at depth, while experiments with KCl solutions illustrate the effect of the interlayer cation on the hydration state of the clay. End_of_Article - Last_Page 464------------
Study of the tautomerization of quinonoid dihydropterins by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry

Abstract An investigation of the tautomerization of quinoid dihydropterins by dual-electrode liquid chromatography/electrochemistry (l.c.e.c.) is presented. The effect of various side-chains in the 6-position of the pterin revealed that wide variations in the rate of tautomerization occur with different pterin species. The effects of two buffers (phosphate and acetate) with low p K a values were also studied over the pH range 2–8. The rate of tautomerization was much faster for quinonoid dihydrobiopterin in the phosphate buffer than in the acetate buffer whereas the rate of rearrangement of the other quinonoid dihydropterins was little affected by the type of buffer. This report also illustrates the advantages of l.c.e.c. for this type of investigation. Variations in pH are readily studied without changes in experimental conditions. Species that cannot be resolved chromatographically are shown to be resolvable by the electrochemical detector. Stability to rearrangement can be compared to stability to oxidation. Finally, only very little sample is required.
Differential Regulation of Dihydroceramide Desaturase by Palmitate versus Monounsaturated Fatty Acids IMPLICATIONS FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE

Much data implicate saturated fatty acids in deleterious processes associated with obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Many of these changes may be due to aberrant generation of bioactive lipids when saturated fatty acid availability to tissues is increased. On the other hand, studies are emerging that implicate the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate in protection from saturated fat mediated toxicity; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. Our data demonstrate a novel role for palmitate in increasing mRNA encoding DES1, which is the enzyme responsible for generating ceramide from its precursor dihydroceramide and thus controls synthesis of the bioactive lipid ceramide. Moreover, co-treatment with oleate prevented the increase in ceramide, and this occurred through attenuation of the increase in message and activity of DES1. Knockdown of DES1 also protected from palmitate-induced insulin resistance, and overexpression of this enzyme ameliorated the protective effect of oleate. Together, these findings provide insight into the mechanisms of oleate-mediated protection against metabolic disease and provide novel evidence for fatty acid-mediated regulation of a key enzyme of ceramide biosynthesis.
Heterotrophic Protists in Hypersaline Microbial Mats and Deep Hypersaline Basin Water Columns

Although hypersaline environments pose challenges to life because of the low water content (water activity), many such habitats appear to support eukaryotic microbes. This contribution presents brief reviews of our current knowledge on eukaryotes of water-column haloclines and brines from Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basins (DHABs) of the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as shallow-water hypersaline microbial mats in solar salterns of Guerrero Negro, Mexico and benthic microbialite communities from Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia. New data on eukaryotic diversity from Shark Bay microbialites indicates eukaryotes are more diverse than previously reported. Although this comparison shows that eukaryotic communities in hypersaline habitats with varying physicochemical characteristics are unique, several groups are commonly found, including diverse alveolates, strameonopiles, and fungi, as well as radiolaria. Many eukaryote sequences (SSU) in both regions also have no close homologues in public databases, suggesting that these environments host unique microbial eukaryote assemblages with the potential to enhance our understanding of the capacity of eukaryotes to adapt to hypersaline conditions.
On Achievable Rate and Ergodic Capacity of OAF Multiple-Relay Networks with CSI

This paper investigates the achievable rate and ergodic capacity of an orthogonal amplify-and-forward (OAF) half-duplex multiple-relay network with direct link where multiple relays use channel state information (CSI) to cooperate with the source and destination. The relays are subject to two types of power constraint: the total average power constraint (TAPC) and the individual average power constraint (IAPC). In the first step, by assuming a fixed input covariance matrix at the source, we derive an optimal power allocation (OPA) scheme among the relays via optimal instantaneous power amplification coefficients to maximize the achievable rate. The closed-form optimal solutions are obtained for the considered system under either the TAPC or both the TAPC and IAPC. Next, we derive the ergodic capacity by jointly optimizing the input covariance matrix and the power allocation at the relays. We show that this is a bi-level non-convex problem and solve this using Tammer decomposition method. This approach allows us to convert the original optimization problem to a master problem and a set of sub-problems that have closed-form solutions as obtained in the first step. The ergodic capacity is then obtained using an iterative water-filling-based algorithm.
Rapid uptke of [1-14C] acetate by the adult rat brain 15 seconds after carotid injection

Abstract [1-14C]Acetate was injected into the carotid artery of adult rats followed by decapitation after 15 sec. Brain, liver and blood lipids were extracted. Analysis of the lipids showed the following: 1. 1. There was considerably more uptake of radioactivity in the brain as compared to the liver or the plasma. 2. 2. High radioactivity in the cholesterol fraction indicating rapid synthesis from radioactive acetate. 3. 3. Incorporation of radioactivity into all major polar lipid fractions of the brain lipids including sphingomyelin and cerebrosides, considered to be myelin lipids. Phosphatidyl serine was the most highly labeled component. 4. 4. Palmitic acid isolated from the brain was synthesized de novo from acetate and stearic acid was formed by chain elongation. All these metabolic reactions occurring so rapidly in the brain are discussed in view of the older concept that adult brain is a tissue characterized by slow metabolism.
The Relation Between Youth Fear and Avoidance of Crime in School and Academic Experiences

Despite decades of research analyzing fear of crime among adults, little is known about youth fear of crime in general and youth fear of crime in school, specifically. Moreover, among existing studies most emphasize causes of fear, with little discussion of avoidance or the academic consequences of these feelings and behaviors in school. This study contributed to the literature by exploring the relation between fear of crime and avoidance in school and academic experiences using data from the 2007 National Crime Victimization Survey's School Crime Supplement. Results suggested that fear increases the odds a student will skip class, decreases the odds a student will earn higher grades, and decreases the odds a student will aspire to pursue higher education. However, fear and avoidance of crime in school did not emerge as having a significant relation with participation in extracurricular activities. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Application of current algebra to soft-pion production induced by the weak neutral current: Second-class V, A case

We apply current-algebra techniques to study neutrino--proton elastic scattering and neutral-current--induced soft-pion production in the case of second-class vector and axial-vector currents. (Such currents are CP-violating if the final and incident neutrinos are identical, but can be CP-conserving if the final and incident neutrinos are different particles.) The second-class currents are constructed phenomenologically from meson fields and the usual first- class V, A quark currents. The matrix elements of the second-class currents between one-nucleon states are estimated by inserting a complete set of intermediate states and saturating the sum with one-nucleon states. In this way the second-class matrix elements are expressed in terms of the experimentally measured renormalization constant of the first-class V, A currents and the pion-- nucleon coupling constants. Using standard soft-pion techniques, we analyze recently reported Brookhaven National Laboratory results for neutral-current-- induced soft-pion production under the simplifying assumption of a purely isoscalar second-class V, A neutral current. We find in this case that a second- class V--A current is consistent with the reported results. Some qualitative features of second-class neutral currents are equal cross sections for $nu$p and nu-barp elastic scattering, with only the axial-vector current contributing, and very small $nu$p and nu-barp elastic cross sectionsmore » at energies of order 50 MeV, which are relevant for possible neutrino experiments of the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. (AIP)« less
Application of the reaction matrix theory (I). The calculation of nuclear reaction matrix elements

Abstract The reference-spectrum expansion of Bethe, Brandow and Petschek is used to express the nuclear reaction matrix as a perturbation series in terms of a state-independent reference matrix. A simple treatment of the projection (or Pauli) operator in the intermediate-state sum is obtained, in the harmonic-oscillator representation of shell-model states by making certain well-defined averages. The same operator is also examined from the point of view that they are made up of localized operators of the nuclear-matter type corresponding to local effective densities which are position-dependent. These two distinct points of view, called respectively global and local, are investigated numerically in the 1 S 0 , 3 S 1 and other states for the Hamada-Johnston potential in an A = 18 nucleus. It is found that the simple local-density approximation for treating the Pauli operator gives results very close to the global treatment, which is considered exact here. In particular, the local approximation reproduces the global results if the position-dependent effective density is allowed to extend, by some 0.9 fm, beyond the local density at the half-density point. By using state-dependent average effective Fermi momenta based on such density distributions, it is shown that the calculation of nuclear reaction matrix elements is now made as simple (and probably as accurate) as that for nuclear matter. The reliable calculation methods thus obtained make it possible to examine the properties of these matrix elements. It is found that the local interactions (in local treatments) are enhanced in the nuclear surface region and that the reduced matrix elements are particularly sensitive to the single-particle energies of the initial state. The 3 S 1 matrix elements are shown to decrease rapidly in strength as the amount of tensor force in the nucleon-nucleon potential increases. The importance of using correct single-particle wave functions is emphasized by showing that in light nuclei improvement of the simple harmonic-oscillator shell model leads to drastic corrections.
Chronic exposure to environmental levels of lead impairs in vivo induction of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal dentate

Abstract This study examined the effects of chronic developmental lead (Pb) exposure in rats on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Male offspring were exposed to 0.2% Pb acetate continuously from birth until testing at 85–105 days. Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and population spike amplitudes were measured in the dentate hilar region in response to stimulation applied to the lateral perforant path. LTP was induced in control animals with an average maximal EPSP potentiation of 41%, which was significantly greater than the increase in EPSP amplitudes (2%) in exposed animals after tetanizing stimulation. Current-voltage curves in controls demonstrated significant increases in EPSPs and population spikes after application of pulse trains to induce LTP, while exposed rats exhibited no discernible change in responses. These findings suggest that induction or development of LTP in the dentate hilar region in vivo is impaired by chronic developmental exposure to environmentally relevant levels of Pb.
Precise orbit determination for the GRACE mission using only GPS data

The GRACE (gravity recovery and climate experiment) satellites, launched in March 2002, are each equipped with a BlackJack GPS onboard receiver for precise orbit determination and gravity field recovery. Since launch, there have been significant improvements in the background force models used for satellite orbit determination, most notably the model for the geopotential. This has resulted in significant improvements to orbit accuracy for very low altitude satellites. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how well the orbits of the GRACE satellites (about 470 km in altitude) can currently be determined using only GPS data and based on the current models and methods. The orbit accuracy is assessed using a number of tests, which include analysis of orbit fits, orbit overlaps, orbit connecting points, satellite Laser ranging residuals and K-band ranging (KBR) residuals. We show that 1-cm radial orbit accuracy for the GRACE satellites has probably been achieved. These precise GRACE orbits can be used for such purposes as improving gravity recovery from the GRACE KBR data and for atmospheric profiling, and they demonstrate the quality of the background force models being used.
Peirce's evolutionary pragmatic idealism

In this paper I synthesize a unified system out of Peirce's life work, and name it “Peirce's Evolutionary Pragmatic Idealism”. Peirce developed this philosophy in four stages: (I) His 1868–69 theory that cognition is a continuous and infinite social semiotic process, in which Man is a sign. (II) His Popular Science Monthly pragmatism and frequency theory of probabilistic induction. (III) His 1891–93 cosmic evolutionism of Tychism, Synechism, and Agapism. (IV) Pragmaticism: The doctrine of real potentialities (“would-be's”), and Peirce's pragmatic program for developing concrete reasonableness.
Expression of sclerostin in the developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain and skeleton

Sclerostin is a highly conserved, secreted, cystine-knot protein which regulates osteoblast function. Humans with mutations in the sclerostin gene (SOST), manifest increased axial and appendicular skeletal bone density with attendant complications. In adult bone, sclerostin is expressed in osteocytes and osteoblasts. Danio rerio sclerostin-like protein is closely related to sea bass sclerostin, and is related to chicken and mammalian sclerostins. Little is known about the expression of sclerostin in early developing skeletal or extra-skeletal tissues. We assessed sclerostin (sost) gene expression in developing zebrafish (D. rerio) embryos with whole mount is situ hybridization methods. The earliest expression of sost mRNA was noted during 12h post-fertilization (hpf). At 15 hpf, sost mRNA was detected in the developing nervous system and in Kupffer's vesicle. At 18, 20 and 22 hpf, expression in rhombic lip precursors was seen. By 24 hpf, expression in the upper and lower rhombic lip and developing spinal cord was noted. Expression in the rhombic lip and spinal cord persisted through 28 hpf and then diminished in intensity through 44 hpf. At 28 hpf, sost expression was noted in developing pharyngeal cartilage; expression in pharyngeal cartilage increased with time. By 48 hpf, sost mRNA was clearly detected in the developing pharyngeal arch cartilage. Sost mRNA was abundantly expressed in the pharyngeal arch cartilage, and in developing pectoral fins, 72, 96 and 120 hpf. Our study is the first detailed analysis of sost gene expression in early metazoan development.
Intravascular graft stent treatment of a ruptured fusiform dissecting aneurysm of the intracranial vertebral artery: technical case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: An innovative stenting technique to treat a difficult case of a fusiform aneurysm of the intracranial vertebral artery (VA), with restoration of the vessel lumen, is described. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old patient experienced sudden pain in the upper cervical spine, followed by a severe headache. He underwent computed tomographic evaluation, which demonstrated subarachnoid hemorrhage in the prepontine cistern. A fusiform aneurysm of the distal right VA and critical stenosis of the left VA were detected in digital subtraction angiograms. The patient experienced a new subarachnoid hemorrhaging episode, and urgent endovascular treatment was planned. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent angioplastic and stenting procedures in the left VA, with good results. Forty-eight hours later, an endovascular procedure was performed to treat the right VA aneurysm. We decided to use a graft stent (Jostent graft stent; Jomed, Conroe, TX) instead of a balloon to preserve the arterial lumen. The complete procedure was well tolerated by the patient, and he was discharged, without symptoms, 48 hours later. CONCLUSION: The patient was discharged, without neurological deficits, 48 hours after completion of the endovascular procedure, with clopidogrel (75 mg/d) and aspirin (325 mg/d) therapy. This treatment was discontinued after 4 weeks. According to our search of the medical literature, this is the first clinical case in which an intracranial fusiform aneurysm was permanently sealed with a graft stent.
A reliable modification of Adomian decomposition method

In this paper we propose a powerful modification of Adomian decomposition method that will accelerate the rapid convergence of the series solution. The validity of the modified technique is verified through illustrative examples. In all cases of differential and integral equations, we obtained excellent performance from the modified algorithm. The modification could lead to a promising approach for many applications in applied sciences.
Neutron transfer at large distances in the system 36S+92M☆

Abstract One- and two-neutron reacsfer reactions were studied in the system 36S+9Mo at bombarding energies of 140 and 180 MeV. The angular distributions for the two-neutron transfer at large distances show exponential falloffs which depend on the bombarding energy and are less steep than expected from tunneling theories. This behavior can be explained by considering diffractive, rather than semiclassical scattering.
Modeling the Effects of Steam-Fuel Reforming Products on Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition of n-Heptane

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) offers benefits of high efficiency with low emissions, but suffers load range limitations and control issues. A method to improve control of HCCI was numerically investigated based on two separate fuel streams with different autoignition characteristics to regulate timing and heat release at specific operational conditions. In this numerical study n-heptane was selected as the primary fuel, and the secondary fuel was defined as a reformed product of n-heptane (RG). The reformed fuel species composition was experimentally determined based on steam/n-heptane reforming process at a steam/carbon mole ratio of 2:1. In addition to H2 and CO, the reformed fuel stream was composed of CH4 , CO2 , H2 O and non-reformed n-heptane. A single zone model using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism was implemented on CHEMKIN to study the effects of base fuel and steam-fuel reforming products on the ignition timing and heat release characteristics. The study was performed considering the reformed fuel species composition at total n-heptane conversion (stoichiometric) and also at the composition corresponding to a specific set of operational reforming temperatures. The computational model confirmed that the reformed products have a strong influence on the low temperature heat release (LTHR) region, affecting the onset of the high temperature heat release (HTHR). The ignition timing was proportionally delayed with respect to the baseline fuel case when higher concentrations of reformed gas were used.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The history of Spanish‐language television in the United States and the rise of Mexican international syndication strategies in the Americas

This historiography study of international syndication strategies in the Americas, focusing on Mexican broadcasting, traces and analyzes the development of Mexican broadcasting and its powerful influence on the history of Spanish‐language television in the U.S. The successful international syndication strategy of Mexican media magnate Emilio Azcarraga Vidaurreta strongly influenced Spanish‐language television both in the U.S. and in Mexico. Azcarraga Vidaurreta's syndication strategy was merely an extension of his Mexican broadcasting plan, which he introduced in the 1920s. This same strategy is used today by such media giants as Ted Turner and Rupert Murdoch.
Organization of retinocollicular pathways in the cat.

A direct pathway from the temporal retina to the contralateral superior colliculus has been demonstrated using anterograde degeneration methods. This observation of a crossed pathway to the most rostral pole of the colliculus confirms electrophysiological evidence that within each colliculus the whole eye, rather than just its hemiretina is represented. Autoradiographic tracing methods have been used to study the total tectal projection of each retina. Following intraocular injections of 3H proline, there is dense label in most of the superficial gray of the contralateral colliculus, but in this region there are several small areas of only relatively sparse label. In contrast, the superficial gray of the ipsilateral colliculus contains islands or patches of transported label. These patches are present throughout an extensive region of the colliculus and suggest that the ipsilateral retinocollicular pathway in the cat may be more substantial than earlier reports have indicated. There is no ipsilateral label within the most caudal parts of the colliculus which receives afferents from the monocular crescent of the visual field. In addition, a very small region of the rostral pole is free of ipsilateral input, and we suggest that this corresponds to the region receiving the crossed input from the temporal retina.
Mutations in a Nonconserved Sequence of the Tetrahymena Ribozyme Increase Activity and Specificity.

Abstract The RNA substrate-binding site of the Tetrahymena ribozyme is connected to the catalytic core by the joining region J12. Although J12 is not conserved among group I introns, small insertions or deletions in this sequence have dramatic effects, enhancing the turnover number and sequence specificity of ribozymecatalyzed RNA cleavage. Measurements of rate constants for individual steps in the reaction have revealed the basis of these improvements. Ironically, the higher turnover and specificity both result from decreased affinity for RNA, rather than better cleavage. These results provide evidence that the nonconserved J12 sequence positions the RNA substrate to optimize tertiary interactions and ensure cleavage at the position corresponding to the 5′ splice site. The wild-type RNA is well adapted to its biological function, and its limitations in multiple turnover can be corrected by mutation.
Optimizing irregular applications for energy and performance on the Tilera many-core architecture

Optimizing applications simultaneously for energy and performance is a complex problem. High performance, parallel, irregular applications are notoriously hard to optimize due to their data-dependent memory accesses, lack of structured locality and complex data structures and code patterns. Irregular kernels are growing in importance in applications such as machine learning, graph analytics and combinatorial scientific computing. Performance- and energy-efficient implementation of these kernels on modern, energy efficient, many-core platforms is therefore an important and challenging problem. We present results from optimizing two irregular applications -- the Louvain method for community detection (Grappolo), and high-performance conjugate gradient (HPCCG) -- on the Tilera many-core system. We have significantly extended MIT's OpenTuner auto-tuning framework to conduct a detailed study of platform-independent and platform-specific optimizations to improve performance as well as reduce total energy consumption. We explore the optimization design space along three dimensions: memory layout schemes, compiler-based code transformations, and optimization of parallel loop schedules. Using auto-tuning, we demonstrate whole-node energy savings of up to 41% relative to a baseline instantiation, and up to 31% relative to manually optimized variants.
Round-trip efficiency of fast demand response in a large commercial air conditioner

Abstract Air conditioning (AC) of large commercial buildings represents an attractive target for many different forms of demand response (DR) including DR for ancillary services (AS) such as frequency regulation. The operating cost of such DR is typically discussed in terms of occupant discomfort. However at fast timescales, perturbations to well-functioning building controls may increase the total energy consumption relative to a baseline that does not provide DR ancillary services (DR-AS). The extra energy is a cost of control to the asset owner and should be factored into the cost of providing DR-AS. We performed DR experiments on a ∼30,000 m 2 office building, and at the 15-min time scale of these experiments, we find the extra energy consumption to be significant. Similar to battery energy storage, we express the energy cost in terms of a round-trip efficiency and use this metric in a simple economic analysis of the cost of frequency regulation from these resources and discuss potential impacts on advanced load management methods.