cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnitude of spinal muscle damage is not statistically associated with exercise-induced low back pain intensity

Abstract Background context Findings on imaging of noncontractile anatomic abnormalities and the intensity of low back pain have weak associations because of false-positive rates among asymptomatic individuals. This association might be stronger for contractile tissues. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between location and reports of pain intensity in the low back and exercise-induced muscle damage to the lumbar paraspinal muscles. Study design Nondiagnostic observational study in a laboratory setting. Methods Delayed onset muscle soreness was induced in the low back of healthy pain-free volunteers. Measures of pain intensity (100-mm visual analog scale [VAS]) and location (area on the pain diagram) were taken before and 48 hours after exercise. Muscle damage was quantified using mechanical pain thresholds, motor performance deficits, and transverse relaxation time (T2)–weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Changes pre- to postexercise in signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging within the erector spinae, pain intensity, pain area, mechanical pain threshold, and isometric torque were assessed using paired t tests. Bivariate correlations were conducted to assess associations among muscle damage, pain intensity, and pain drawing area. Results Twenty participants volunteered (11 women; average age, 22.3 years; average body mass index, 23.5) for study participation. Reports of pain intensity at 48 hours ranged from 0 to 59 mm on the VAS. Muscle damage was confirmed by reductions in mechanical threshold (p=.011) and motor performance (p Conclusions The results of this study indicate that there was no association between the magnitude of muscle damage in the lumbar erector spinae and reported pain intensity in the low back. In future studies, larger cohorts may report statistically significant associations, but our data suggest that there will be low magnitude potentially indicating limited clinical relevance.
Nuclear energy levels of N16

Abstract Thirteen energy levels of N16 have been determined in the range of excitation from 0 to 5.6 MeV by a high resolution study of the proton spectrum from the N14(t, p)N16 reaction. Levels above the well-known ground state quartet are found at 3.340, 3.506, 3.956, 4.318, 4.392, 4.773, 5.059, 5.141, 5.230 and 5.526 MeV. These energies have been assigned standard deviations of from 10 to 25 keV. Level widths and reaction cross sections are also reported. The results of this experiment are compared with previous experiments.
Management of salt poisoning in an extremely low birth weight infant

We present the first reported case of severe salt poisoning in an extremely low birth weight neonate. The salt poisoning was managed with the careful use of intravenous fluids, insulin to manage the severe hyperglycemia, and furosemide to induce a saline diuresis. The hypertonicity was normalized slowly over 3 days by following the corrected serum sodium (Na) (serum Na+2.7 mEq for every 100 mg/dl of glucose over 100). No neurological damage was seen in our patient during the development of the hypertonicity or its correction. This suggests that the premature brain can develop osmoprotective molecules if hypertonicity develops slowly over 2–3 days. Slow correction is therefore recommended to avoid the development of water intoxication during correction. Despite the development of mild reversible renal failure, a large saline diuresis was induced with furosemide, thereby avoiding the need for dialysis in our patient. The only complication was the development of necrotizing enterocolitis, which has not been previously reported in association with salt poisoning.
On the p- and hp-extension of Nédélec's curl-conforming elements

Abstract We establish interpolation error estimates for the hp-extension of Nedelec's curl- and divergence-conforming three-dimensional finite elements. Using these interpolation estimates, we investigate the use of higher-order edge finite elements for the linear three-dimensional magnetostatic problem. Our estimates show that the standard mixed method for the magnetostatic problem can be approximated to optimal order in both h and p.
Ratiometric Pulsed Alkylation/Mass Spectrometry of the Cysteine Pairs in Individual Zinc Fingers of MRE-Binding Transcription Factor-1 (MTF-1) as a Probe of Zinc Chelate Stability†

Metal-response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is a zinc-regulated transcriptional activator of metallothionein (MT) genes in mammalian cells. The MRE-binding domain of MTF-1 (MTF-zf) has six canonical Cys2−His2 zinc finger domains that are distinguished on the basis of their apparent affinities for zinc and their specific roles in MRE-binding. In this paper, pulsed alkylation of the zinc-liganding cysteine thiolate pairs with the sulfhydryl-specific alkylating reagent d5-N-ethylmaleimide (d5-NEM) is used as a residue-specific probe of the relative stabilities of the individual zinc finger coordination complexes in Zn6 MTF-zf. A chase with excess H5-N-ethylmaleimide (H5-NEM) to fully derivatize MTF-zf concomitant with complete proteolysis, followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry allows quantitation of the mole fraction of d5,d5-, d5,H5-, and H5,H5-NEM derivatized peptides corresponding to each individual zinc finger domain as a function of d5-NEM pulse time. This experiment establishe...
Reducing patient dose in voiding cystourethrography

Patient entrance exposures and gonadal doses were measured in 50 children during voiding cystourethrography. Entrance exposures ranged from 287 mR to 5.7 R. Gonad doses ranged from 70 mrad to 1.1 rad in males; 27 to 125 mrad in females. The presence of contrast agent in certain locations in the field can result in a 10-fold increase in dose compared to the dose with no contrast. The difference in dose when using 100 mm films relative to cassette spot films (with rare earth screens) depends on the view, but in no case did 100 mm films offer more than 11% dose reduction, and they frequently were associated with a higher dose than cassette spot films. The automatic brightness control circuits of our generator have been modified, and pre-void films are now routinely taken on cassettes to reduce patient dose. Other modifications under consideration to reduce patient dose include further changes in the automatic brightness control circuit and mechanical modifications to prevent excessive patient-image intensifier distances.
Optical Computing With Variable Grating Mode Liquid Crystal Devices

A liquid crystal device that performs a two-dimensional intensity-to-spatial frequency conversion has been developed for use as an optical transducer. When such a device is used as the input transducer in an optical filtering arrangement, image intensity levels can be easily manipulated via Fourier plane filters. This variable input intensity-output intensity transfer function has numerous potential applications in image processing. Implementation of a variable level slice operation is discussed and experimental results presented. The VGM LCLV device is also particularly well adapted to performing binary logic operations on 2-D images. This application is discussed, and results demonstrating the implementation of common logic operations are presented.
Localised hyaline vascular type of Castleman's disease mimicking adult-onset Still's disease.

A previously healthy 18-year-old boy presented with daily spiking fever, polyarthritis, and evanescent skin rashes, as well as hepatomegaly and Raynaud’s phenomena for 2 months. He was initially diagnosed with adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD). During the period of follow-up, intermittent fever and migratory polyarthritis persisted and an insidiously growing mass over the right axillary region was noted 1 year after the diagnosis of AOSD. Excisional biopsy of the mass revealed a group of lymph nodes with histological features of the hyaline vascular type of Castleman’s disease. The patient’s symptoms disappeared soon after excision of the lymph nodes.
Errors in Arrian

Arrian is regarded as the most authoritative of the extant sources for the reign of Alexander the Great. It is his work that is usually chosen to provide the narrative core of modern histories, and very often a mere reference to ‘the reliable Arrian’ is considered sufficient to guarantee the veracity of the information derived from him. What gives Arrian his prestige is his reliance on contemporary sources, Ptolemy and Aristobulus. It is recognized that Arrian's narrative is based primarily upon Ptolemy, and, as long as Ptolemy is regarded as an impeccable mine of facts for Alexander's reign and Arrian's work is accepted as a faithful reproduction of Ptolemy, the Anabasis Alexandri stands out as a uniquely authoritative record of Alexander's reign.
Instantaneous rates of left ventricular wall motion in infants and children

To assess their usefulness as indexes of left ventricular (LV) function, peak rates of decrease and increase in LV diameter were determined from single-cycle echocardiograms in 136 infants and children using a digitizer linked to a computer. The subjects included 62 normal children, 15 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM), 29 with aortic stenosis (AS), and 30 with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The results were compared with the conventional echocardiographic measurements of fractional change in LV diameter (percent ΔLVD) and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf).
Esr studies of vitamin c regeneration, order of reactivity of natural source phytochemical preparations

The effect of various flavonoids upon the ascorbate radical lifetime was investigated by ESR spectroscopy. The radical was generated via the reaction between ascorbic acid and ascorbate oxidase, the ascorbate radical being detected. The inclusion of the flavonoids in the ascorbic acid-ascorbate oxidase reaction mixture affected both the initial intensity of the ascorbate radical and its lifetime. Of the natural sources tested, Pycnogenol prolonged the ascorbate radical lifetime to the greatest extent, from a control value of 20 min to a maximum of 80 min with 200 micrograms/ml Pycnogenol. The flavonoids could either be regenerating ascorbic acid from ascorbate, or interacting with ascorbate oxidase, thus preventing ascorbic acid binding. When p-cresol, a known ascorbate oxidase inhibitor was added to the ascorbic acid-ascorbate oxidase reaction mixture, the ascorbate radical signal intensity was dramatically reduced and did not display the time-dependent decay observed with the flavonoids. This indicates that a direct interaction between the flavonoids and ascorbate radical occurs. Some of the flavonoids tested; myricetin, polyphenon and theaflavin appeared to compete with ascorbic acid for ascorbate oxidase, as they displayed saturation behaviour. By modifying the experimental conditions the myricetin radical was detected, thus confirming the direct interaction between myricetin and ascorbate oxidase.
Enthalpy—entropy compensation in reversed-phase chromatography

Abstract The enthalpy of hydrophobic interactions, which are believed to account for retention in reversed-phase chromatography, was found to have constant negative values eve at temperatures near the freezing point of water. The analysis of data obtained in reversed-phase chromatography with various octadecylsilicas under a wide range of conditions as far as the eluites** and eluents are concerned, showed a linear correlation between the logarithm of the capacity factors, measured at an appropriate reference temperature, and the corresponding enthalpies for the particular chromatographic process. This behavior is due to enthalpy—entropy compensation, which is a manifestation of free-energy relationships. As the compensation temperatures were indistinguishable, it is concluded that the intrinsic mechanism of the interaction of the eluite with the bonded stationary phase was invariant under the chromatographic conditions examined, although the nature and concentration of the organic solvent in the aqueous eluent varied substantially. Whereas compensation behavior was observed with other chromatographic systems consisting of polar stationary phases and a non-polar eluent, the calculated compensation temperatures were significantly lower than those found in reversed-phase chromatography.
Mechanism of reverse dc erase noise in thin film media

Abstract The mechanism of reverse dc erase noise in thin film media was investigated by comparing integrated magnetization fluctuations in a reverse dc erase process with in situ measured remanence curves. In order to avoid the demagnetization effect in the write process and the head field fluctuations in the reverse dc noise measurement, a large-scale head was used as the source of the reverse dc fields. It was found that the integrated magnetization fluctuations as a function of the reverse field follow the first field derivative of the remanent curve, d M /d H , instead of (d M /d H ) 2 . It is concluded that reverse dc erase noise in thin film media originates from intrinsic magnetization fluctuations, which are strongly influenced by magnetic interactions between grains.
Energetics and Population of Molecules at Microscopic Liquid and Solid Surfaces

A new application of second harmonic generation to selectively probe the surface of microscopic size centrosymmetric structures in centrosymmetric bulk media has been applied to polymer beads in aqueous solution and to oil droplets in an oil/water emulsion. The free energies of adsorption and the surface densities of organic molecules adsorbed from aqueous solution to 1 μm polystyrene bead surfaces and to 230 nm tetradecane oil droplet surfaces have been determined. The potential use of this method as a chemical and biochemical sensor without the need for a fluorescent or magnetic tag is noted.
Mesenchymal stem cell and gelatin microparticle encapsulation in thermally and chemically gelling injectable hydrogels for tissue engineering

In this work, we investigated the viability and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated with gelatin microparticles (GMPs) in an injectable, chemically and thermally gelling hydrogel system combining poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based thermogelling macromers containing pendant epoxy rings with polyamidoamine-based hydrophilic and degradable diamine crosslinking macromers. Specifically, we studied how the parameters of GMP size and loading ratio affected the viability and differentiation of cells encapsulated within the hydrogel. We also examined the effects of cell and GMP co-encapsulation on hydrogel mineralization. Cells demonstrated long-term viability within the hydrogels, which was shown to depend on GMP size and loading ratio. In particular, increased interaction of cells and GMPs through greater available GMP surface area, use of an epoxy-based chemical gelation mechanism, and the tunable high water content of the thermogelled hydrogels led to favorable long-term cell viability. Compared with cellular hydrogels without GMPs, hydrogels co-encapsulating cells and GMPs demonstrated greater production of alkaline phosphatase by cells at all time-points and a transient early enhancement of hydrogel mineralization for larger GMPs at higher loading ratios. Such injectable, in situ forming hydrogels capable of delivering and maintaining populations of encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells and promoting mineralization in vitro offer promise as novel therapies for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1222–1230, 2014.
Evaluation of Simplified Compartmental Models of Reconstructed Neocortical Neurons for Use in Large-Scale Simulations of Biological Neural Networks

The electrotonic properties of the complex arborizations of neurons can be simulated by creating compartmental models based on the morphology of real neurons. These models can be very detailed with thousands of individual compartments and active channels. Large numbers of these models can be linked together into biologically realistic, large-scale neural networks with which to obtain a better understanding of the interactions among real neurons. However, the use of detailed compartmental models in such large networks is hindered by long computation times. Methods exist to reduce the complex morphology of detailed compartmental models to simpler reconstructions that retain many of the electrotonic properties of the original model yet are computationally efficient. However, little work exists that evaluates the limitations and performance of such reduced models with realistic active conductances modeled in both the soma and the dendrites to ensure that they are appropriate for use in biologically realistic network models. We have created detailed and reduced models of reconstructed dye-filled neurons from rat somatosensory neocortex and evaluated the ability of the reduced models to faithfully reproduce the input-output functions of the more detailed models. We find that the reduced models are not capable of perfectly reproducing the exact output of the detailed models using identical parameters. However, if the parameters are adjusted the reduced models are certainly capable of providing input-output patterns that are well within an acceptable range of known neural activity. The limitations and the benefits of such models are discussed.
Induction of macrophage production and proliferation by a purified colony stimulating factor

COLONY STIMULATING FACTORS (CSFs) stimulate isolated haemopoietic progenitor cells to differentiate and form granulocyte and/or macrophage colonies in vitro1,2. There seem to be at least two distinct subclasses of CSF, those stimulating macrophage colony formation and those stimulating granulocytic colony formation. Purified CSF from mouse L cell-conditioned medium is a 70,000 molecular weight glycoprotein, comprising two disulphide-bonded 35,000 MW subunits3. At concentrations as low as 10−12 M it stimulates macrophage colony formation by murine bone marrow cells. It has similar physicochemical properties to, and shared antigenic determinants with, the CSF from human urine3–6. This type of CSF has been shown6 to share identity with the macrophage growth factor of Virolainen and Defendi7 that stimulates proliferation of peritoneal exudate macrophages. The purified CSF was also active6 in stimulating macrophage colony formation by peritoneal exudate cells in the agar culture system of Lin and Stewart8. We now report that this same kind of CSF is the molecule responsible for the proliferation of mononuclear phagocytes from several haemopoietic and nonhaemopoietic tissues.
Vitamin A deficiency and the induction of cutaneous toxicity in murine skin by TCDD

The mechanisms involved in the induction of toxicity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a prototype for a group of toxic polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, are largely unknown. To test the hypothesis that TCDD-induced toxicity involves the reduction of vitamin A levels, we investigated the role of vitamin A deficiency in modulating the cutaneous response of congenic haired (+/+) and hairless (hr/hr) mice to TCDD. Hairless mice are recognized as sensitive models for expression of TCDD-induced cutaneous toxicity. Haired mice normally do not develop a cutaneous response to TCDD. Mice raised on a vitamin A-deficient diet, and age- and sex-matched controls raised on standard chow, were treated topically with TCDD and their cutaneous responses monitored histologically. Body weights and thymus gland weights were monitored as additional parameters of toxicity. Liver and skin vitamin A levels were determined by HPLC. Vitamin A depletion by itself had no effect on the normal cutaneous histology of the haired phenotype, nor were any changes in cutaneous morphology attributable to TCDD toxicity observed in haired, TCDD-treated animals even when they were severely vitamin A depleted. On the other hand, in hairless mice, vitamin A deficiency caused a distinct increase in keratinization of dermal epithelial cysts, and an increase in the sensitivity of these cysts to TCDD-induced hyperkeratinization. TCDD-induced body weight loss and atrophy of the thymus gland were not affected by the vitamin A status of either the haired or hairless animals. Analysis of vitamin A levels in skin and liver, following topical treatment of mice with TCDD, indicated that TCDD exposure did not affect cutaneous levels, but did significantly lower liver levels of vitamin A. These experiments suggest that although systemic vitamin A deficiency may potentiate the expression of TCDD-induced toxicity in skin of hairless mice, expression of TCDD-induced toxicity probably involves more complex mechanisms than a reduction in vitamin A levels.
The Effect of Partisan Information on Voters in Nonpartisan Elections

How does partisan information affect individual voting behavior in nonpartisan elections? Using data from a 1982 California Poll survey on state supreme court confirmation elections we demonstrate that nonpartisan elections are easily turned into partisan contests in the minds of voters. Partisan information increases the probability of an individual holding an opinion on the elections, and results in votes which are based on the respondent's partisan identification and opinion of the governor who appointed the justice. The implications of these results for nonpartisan elections in general and merit retention contests in particular are also discussed.
Forecasting Israeli-Palestinian Relations

This article addresses the issue of how international relations theories and experts do at forecasting Israeli-Palestinian relations. A group of academics who study the Middle East were brought together to set forth their logic and arguments concerning possible future scenarios of Israeli-Palestinian relations. The article reports on a 'rule-based' computational model built upon the reasoning of these experts. Sensitivity analysis of the model is summarized, and four empirical tests of the model are reported. Relations between Middle East states, externally generated existential threats to Israel, and domestic structural factors such as coalition politics in Israel emerge as driving forces in the sensitivity analysis. Further examination shows that the model is in theoretical harmony with scholars who have employed two-level games and has some similarity to realist explanations and frameworks emphasizing public opinion. Model tests reveal relatively solid results: comparisons with other forecasts generally favor this model, while both the cases of the Labor Party coming to power in Israel and a change in Jordanian behavior after the death of King Hussein lend further support to the model presented here. Finally, when the scholars who served as the expert group to produce these forecasts were asked to reflect back on the process, they exhibited the same rationalizations that have been found in other expertbased forecasts, even though the results of the forecasts were more favorable than many such forecasts.
Fixed-load energy recovery memory for low power

This paper proposes an energy recovery SRAM that achieves significant dynamic power savings by recovering energy stored in large bit line capacitors. Memory load to power-clock during write is kept fixed by precharging non-selective after each write cycle. Load during read is also kept fixed by not driving the bit lines with power-clock for read. A simple power-clock generator control scheme that exploits the fixed-load characteristics of the energy recovery memory is introduced to achieve substantially reduced total system power dissipation. The power-clock control scheme reduces system dissipation by preventing the replenishing operation of the power-clock generator while not writing and thus does not require energy transfer between the memory and the power-clock. Hspice simulations of a full custom 128/spl times/256 energy recovery SRAM core show over 4.77/spl times/ more efficient write operations in comparison with its conventional counterpart at 2.5V, 250MHz. Simulations with a power-clock generator show that disabling power-clock replenishing, whenever memory does not write, achieves savings over 1.47/spl times/ on total system power over that of a system without the power-clock control.
Prognostic Factors in the Surgical Management of Pericardial Effusion in the Patient With Concurrent Malignancy

Background Pericardial effusion in the patient with cancer presents a unique management problem. Although multiple methods of operative and nonoperative drainage of pericardial effusions have been described, surgical pericardial window remains the standard approach to long-term drainage. Selecting the patient who may benefit from an operative approach presents a difficult challenge. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcome of 63 consecutive patients with malignancy who underwent surgical pericardial window for symptomatic pericardial effusion between January 1, 1990, and July 1, 2001, at City of Hope National Medical Center in order to try to determine whether the type of cancer, the presence of malignant cells in pericardial fluid, or tissue specimens or the method of surgery influenced the incidence of recurrent pericardial effusion or duration of survival. Methods The cohort was comprised of 15 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 22 patients with breast cancer, 17 patients with hematologic malignancy, and 9 patients with other solid tumors. Pertinent clinical, laboratory, hospital stay, and outcome data including long-term follow-up were recorded. Patients were followed up until the time of last clinical follow-up or death. Univariate survival analyses were performed to determine significant clinical factors contributing to outcome. Results Median follow-up was 6.6 months for the group and 8.3 months for those alive at last follow-up. Median survival rates for patients with lung, breast, hematologic, and other solid-tumor malignancies were 3.2 months, 8.8 months, 17 months, and 16.4 months, respectively. Preoperative factors that negatively correlated with survival included a diagnosis of NSCLC (p = 0.0014), the presence of a pleural effusion (p = 0.003), or positive pathologic (p = 0.02) or cytologic findings (p = 0.02). Conclusions A surgical approach to pericardial drainage is effective (
Emotional Aspects of Cataract Surgery

A retrospective study of fourteen elderly patients, all of whom had undergone cataract extractions with lens implantation was undertaken. Issues pertaining to pre-, post-, and intraoperative anxiety were investigated as were questions about changes in mood, energy level, activity, and severity of non-ophthalmologic medical conditions. Also, an investigation was made into the accuracy of the patient's perception of the technical aspects of the procedure and the extent to which they found technical information on the procedure either desirable or anxiety provoking. Little effect was found in terms of changes in mood, general perceptions of health, or activity. Issues somewhat peripheral to the actual surgical procedure were found to be the most anxiety provoking while confidence in the surgeon and reassurance from friends who have had the procedure were found to be the most anxiety relieving. The well-educated patients seemed to lack any technical knowledge of the procedure itself and in many cases found this information to be anxiety provoking.
Selecting an IM Aggregator for a Virtual Reference Service at UT Southwestern Medical Center Library

Libraries can use Instant Messaging (IM) as a way of providing effective and efficient real-time assistance to patrons. Libraries can use the functionality of IM aggregators in combining messaging from various IM networks to create a virtual reference system. To accomplish this, libraries should focus on selecting the most suitable IM aggregator. This article focuses on the evaluation of the three main aggregators currently available.
A role for ascorbic acid in copper transport

Scurvy-like symptoms have been seen in experimental copper deficiency. This forecasts a role for the vitamin in copper metabolism. Ascorbate has been known to antagonize the intestinal absorption of copper. More recent studies have characterized a postabsorption role for ascorbate in the transfer of copper ions into cells. The vitamin reacts directly or indirectly with ceruloplasmin, a serum copper protein, specifically labilizing the bound copper atoms and facilitating their cross-membrane transport. Ascorbate at physiological levels and above impedes the intracellular binding of copper to Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase. The mechanism is unclear but nonetheless suggests both positive and negative regulatory functions for ascorbate in copper metabolism.
HoVer Erasure Codes For Disk Arrays

We present a new family of XOR-based erasure codes primarily targeted for use in disk arrays. These codes have a unique data/parity layout, with both horizontal and vertical parity arrangements giving rise to the name HoVer codes. We give constructions that tolerate up to four disk failures. Though the codes are only approximately maximum distance separable (MDS), they have performance advantages over other codes at many common array sizes. In addition, they have fewer parameter constraints than many other codes which enables greater choices and flexibility in efficiency and performance trade-offs.
Location, location, location - the destination of the Manhattan TV Tour.

The binary opposition of authenticity and artificiality, complete with a narrative of artifice's conquest of the authentic, haunts much of Tourism Studies. Tourists, as modern figures, seek the authentic in order to escape from their own world, increasingly dictated by simulacra, or the Post-Tourist, as postmodern figure, revels in the consumption of sign worlds, delighting in the buoyancy of unanchored referents. Continuing this trajectory leaves us, and the tourist, with nowhere to go. The Manhattan TV Tour, a tour of New York City according to television locations, suggests another relationship between these conflicted poles. Rather than offering a simulated, seamless entry into the fictive, the tour drags representational, cultural and historical files into each site and thus performs the spatial incongruities ('bloopers') of each site. This performance requires a constant negotiation of space for the tourist, a negotiation not entirely unlike that demanded in the very act of watching television. The spatial dissonance complicates the presumptions of a core authenticity and of pure simulacra, encouraging what Chris Rojek has termed 'restless movement', a movement that provides the destination for the TV tourist and an alternative way of configuring the relationship between actual and virtual worlds.
The subjective intuition

Theories of well-being are typically divided into subjective and objective. Subjective theories are those which make facts about a person’s welfare depend on facts about her actual or hypothetical mental states. I am interested in what motivates this approach to the theory of welfare. The contemporary view is that subjectivism is devoted to honoring the evaluative perspective of the individual, but this is both a misleading account of the motivations behind subjectivism, and a vision that dooms subjective theories to failure. I suggest that we need to revisit and reinstate certain features of traditional hedonism, in particular the idea that felt experience plays a role that no theory of welfare can afford to ignore. I then offer a sketch of a theory that is subjective in my preferred sense and avoids the worst sins of hedonism as well as the problems generated by the contemporary constraints of subjective theorists.
Chaos and free will

Abstract This paper explores the possibility that chaos theory might be helpful in explaining free will. I will argue that chaos has little to offer if we construe its role as to resolve the apparent conflict between determinism and freedom. However, I contend that the fundamental problem of freedom is to find a way to preserve intuitions about rational action in a physical brain. New work on dynamic computation provides a framework for viewing free choice as a process that is sensitive and unpredictable, while at the same time organized and intelligent. I conclude that this vision of a chaotic brain may make a modest contribution to an intuitively acceptable physicalist account of free will.
EVALUATION OF ABNORMAL LIVER FUNCTION TESTS

Although the liver can be affected in a wide range of disorders, the differential diagnosis of abnormal liver function tests can be substantially narrowed by a comprehensive history and physical examination and by the recognition of relatively distinct biochemical patterns of liver injury. Although referral to a specialist may be required for the performance of, for example, percutaneous liver biopsy and long-term management of chronic liver disease, a presumptive diagnosis can usually be made in the vast majority of patients who present to primary care physicians with abnormal liver function tests.
Common Marmosets {Callithrix jacchus) as a Nonhuman Primate Model To Assess the Virulence of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Strains

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) produces the most severe human arboviral disease in North America (NA) and is a potential biological weapon. However, genetically and antigenically distinct strains from South America (SA) have seldom been associated with human disease or mortality despite serological evidence of infection. Because mice and other small rodents do not respond differently to the NA versus SA viruses like humans, we tested common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) by using intranasal infection and monitoring for weight loss, fever, anorexia, depression, and neurologic signs. The NA EEEV-infected animals either died or were euthanized on day 4 or 5 after infection due to anorexia and neurologic signs, but the SA EEEV-infected animals remained healthy and survived. The SA EEEV-infected animals developed peak viremia titers of 2.8 to 3.1 log(10) PFU/ml on day 2 or 4 after infection, but there was no detectable viremia in the NA EEEV-infected animals. In contrast, virus was detected in the brain, liver, and muscle of the NA EEEV-infected animals at the time of euthanasia or death. Similar to the brain lesions described for human EEE, the NA EEEV-infected animals developed meningoencephalitis in the cerebral cortex with some perivascular hemorrhages. The findings of this study identify the common marmoset as a useful model of human EEE for testing antiviral drugs and vaccine candidates and highlight their potential for corroborating epidemiological evidence that some, if not all, SA EEEV strains are attenuated for humans.
Group Judgments: Deliberation, Statistical Means, and Information Markets

How can groups elicit and aggregate the information held by their individual members? The most obvious answer involves deliberation. For two reasons, however, deliberating groups often fail to make good decisions. First, the statements and acts of some group members convey relevant information, and that information often leads other people not to disclose what they know. Second, social pressures, imposed by some group members, often lead other group members to silence themselves because of fear of disapproval and associated harms. The unfortunate results include the propagation of errors; hidden profiles; cascade effects; and group polarization. A variety of steps should be taken to ensure that deliberating groups obtain the information held by their members. Because of their ability to aggregate privately held information, information markets substantial advantages over group deliberation. These points bear on discussion of normative issues, in which deliberation might also fail to improve group thinking.
Seasonal polyphenism in larval type: rearing environment influences the development mode expressed by adults in the sea slug Alderia willowi.

Synopsis Dimorphisms occur when alternative developmental pathways produce discrete phenotypes within a species, and may promote evolutionary novelty in morphology, life history, and behavior. Among marine invertebrates, intra-specific dimorphism in larval type (poecilogony) is notably rare, but should provide insight into the selective forces acting on larval strategies. Most established cases of poecilogony appear to be allelic polymorphisms, with local expression regulated by population-genetic processes. Here, we present evidence that dimorphic larval development in the sea slug Alderia willowi is a seasonal polyphenism; the type of larvae produced by an adult slug depends on the rearing environment in which that slug matured. In field surveys of 1996–1999 and 2007–2009, the population in Mission Bay, San Diego (California, USA) produced only short-lived lecithotrophic larvae in summer and early fall, but a varying proportion of slugs expressed planktotrophy in winter and spring. In laboratory experiments, slugs reared under summer conditions (high temperature, high salinity) produced the highest proportion of lecithotrophic offspring, whereas winter conditions (low temperature, low salinity) induced the lowest proportion of lecithotrophy. The shift to a nondispersive morph under summer conditions may be an adaptive response to historical closure of coastal wetlands during the dry season in southern California, which would inhibit dispersal by larvae of back-bay taxa. In most animal polyphenisms, a single larval type is produced and the rearing environment determines which adult phenotype develops. In contrast, alternative larval morphs are produced by A. willowi in response to seasonal cues experienced by the adult stage, varying the phenotype and dispersal potential of offspring. As the only known case of polyphenism in mode of larval development, A. willowi should become a model organism for mechanistic studies of dimorphism and the evolution of alternative life histories.
Parathyroid Peliosis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Peliosis most commonly affects the liver and spleen and has been associated with exogenous and endogenous steroid hormones, particularly of the anabolic type. The finding of peliosis of the parathyroid glands, as well as of the liver, in an infant with adrenogenital syndrome indicates that other organs may be affected.
Unpacking the Complexity of Life Events and Desistance: An Application of Conjunctive Analysis of Case Configurations to Developmental and Life Course Criminology

The present study applies a case-oriented method, the conjunctive analysis of case configurations (CACC), previously used in criminal event research to life course criminology. In this application, we use CACC to address whether and how “context” matters for desistance by constructing complex role configurations of life events, their timing, and their ordering and examining their influence on desistance. Longitudinal life event and official offending data are drawn from a community cohort of African American males and females. Using CACC, we focus on (1) identifying the most common role configurations of number, timing, and ordering of life events in the sample (i.e., the dominant case configurations); (2) testing main effect hypotheses of each measure; and (3) exploring potential interaction effects. The findings from the CACC are then used to inform a logistic regression model to statistically test for the identified main and interactive effects. First, the dominant case configurations are largely ones that are “off time” and “out of order.” Second, there is a main effect of dosage in that those experiencing four life events were more likely to desist than those with two life events. Finally, CACC revealed a potential three-way interaction effect among the number, timing, and ordering of life events on desistance, which was confirmed by the logistic regression analysis. CACC is a useful tool for teasing out the complex relationships inherent in life course criminological questions. Several additional life course research questions where CACC could be used are discussed.
PRESENTATION OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY MEDAL TO MARTIN A. BUZAS

Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon! It is both an honor and a privilege to present a brief summary of the career accomplishments of my very good friend and colleague, Dr. Martin A. Buzas. Putting together the nomination for the award that Marty will receive today, I was impressed by the warmth of feeling that emanated from the letters of support I received from 13 paleontologists, workers in four countries on three different continents, who wrote on his behalf. Let me briefly summarize the thoughts of that group, and add a few of my own. Marty was introduced to foraminifera at Brown University by Dick Cifelli. He moved to Yale, where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1963 after just three years. His broad education under Karl Waage (paleontology), G. Evelyn Hutchinson (ecology), and Hilary Seal (statistics) established the intellectual basis for his research career. One letter of support was right on the mark in noting that the beginning of Marty's career at the Smithsonian, in 1963, coincided with the shift from a world of primarily qualitative investigation to the era of quantitative analysis in paleontology. Marty helped to lead the charge. His early work centered on the distribution of foraminifera at various scales, from a few centimeters (laterally and vertically) to the scale of biofacies, and then to ocean basins (his work on diversity with Gibson). To these studies, Marty brought a statistical rigor that was new to paleontology. This characteristic permeates the whole body of …
The Emerging Role of Women in Industrial Selling: A Decade of Change:

The rapid influx of women into the industrial salesforce over the last decade has created a need to upgrade understanding of the female salesperson. The authors examine gender differences in job-re...
Simultaneous determination of Sudan red(I,II,III,IV) in egg products by UPLC

Objective:A method has been established for the simultaneous determination of Sudan Red(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ) in egg products by UPLC.Methods: The target analytes were separated on a Xterra BEH C18(2.1×50 mm,1.7 μm) with acetonitrile and water as mobile phase for gradient elution,then detected by PDA.Results: When the Sudan Red was at 0.10 μg/ml～5.0 μg/ml,the perfect linearity between concentration and peak area ratio was obtained(r=0.9999).The detection limit of glutathione was 0.010 mg/kg,the standard recovery was between 92.4%～99.0% by adding standard to sample solution and the RSD for the within-run precision was between 0.63%～1.83%.Conclusion: This method is simple,rapid and accurate,so it can be used for the determination of Sudan Red(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ) in egg products.
An Infertility Data Registry

A computerized infertility data registry form has been developed in order to facilitate the storage of a large amount of reproductive data to allow subsequent analyses pertinent to the management of the infertile couple. This abstract form of the patients' medical records has been readily applied to computer analysis using the SPSS reporting system. The abstract can be utilized both for the facilitation of patient management and as a means for obtaining a standardized, objective, retrospective review of clinical data. Through the evaluation and standardization of the therapeutic techniques frequently utilized by physicians, the treatment of infertile couples should be improved. Such an approach is essential for anyone involved in today's health care system.
Partial reflection of the pectoralis major; an operation to increase the relative length of short above-the-elbow stumps.

The simple operative procedure to increase the relative length of the stump in short above-the-elbow amputations involves no risk to the patient. It has permitted the fitting of the more functional above-the-elbow prosthetic device, rather than the less desirable shoulder-disarticulation mechanism, in three arms by an increase in the efficienty of the humeral lever and the amount of stump tissue which can be included within the socket.
The Festival of Seeing Others and Being Seen: Theatre of Space

Autant and Lara built a Theatre of Space for the 1937 International Exposition in Paris, which modeled the experience of a modern public square. In performances, five simultaneous scenes both surrounded and were surrounded by the audience to summon the multiple elements of a festival. Architectural techniques of layered space, silhouette, and false perspective heightened actors’ movements visually, while cinematic techniques of montage and panorama were transposed into live theatre. Similar strategies appear in the design of modern public spaces, such as Perret’s proposal for Porte Maillot and several buildings designed for the 1937 exposition such as the Palais de Tokyo and Place de Chaillot. Popular festivals in public space were community events that Autant and Perret would consider essential to modern, collective urban life.
Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Enemy amidst Us

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), or multidrug-resistant S. aureus, first reported in the early 1960s in the United Kingdom, are strains of S. aureus that through the process of natural selection developed resistance to all available penicillins and other β-lactam antimicrobial drugs [1]. Although the evolution of such resistance does not cause the organism to be more intrinsically virulent, resistance does make MRSA infections more difficult to treat and thus more dangerous, particularly in hospitalized patients and those with weakened immune systems [2]. MRSA can be spread from one person to another through casual contact or through contaminated objects, and a strain acquired in a hospital or health care setting is called health care–associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (HA-MRSA) [2]. In fact, MRSA has become an important cause of nosocomial infections worldwide and is currently the most commonly identified antibiotic-resistant pathogen in United States hospitals [3–5]. However, although MRSA has been entrenched in hospital settings for several decades, it has undergone rapid evolutionary changes and epidemiologic expansion, spreading beyond the confines of health care facilities, where it is emerging anew as a dominant pathogen known as community associated-MRSA (CA-MRSA) [6]. The rapid dissemination of CA-MRSA strains among general populations in diverse communities has resulted in increasing reports of outbreaks worldwide [1]. In fact, in some regions, CA-MRSA isolates account for 75% of community-associated S. aureus infections in children, creating a public health crisis in the US [1,7]. In this article, we will provide a brief overview of what is known about the epidemiology and pathogenesis of community- associated MRSA and discuss how they differ from the strains originating in health care settings. Further, therapeutic and preventative measures available to combat the rising spread of this revamped pathogen are also discussed.
A Homoleptic Uranium(III) Tris(aryl) Complex.

The reaction of 3 equiv of Li–C6H3-2,6-(C6H4-4-tBu)2 (Terph–Li) with UI3(1,4-dioxane)1.5 led to the formation of the homoleptic uranium(III) tris(aryl) complex (Terph)3U (1). The U–C bonds are reactive: treatment with excess iPrN═C═NiPr yielded the double-insertion product [TerphC(NiPr)2]2U(Terph) (2). Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray crystallography, which showed that the U–C bond length in 2 (2.624(4) A) is ∼0.1 A longer than the average U–C bond length in 1 (2.522(2) A). Thermal decomposition of 1 yielded Terph–H as the only identifiable product; the process is unimolecular with activation parameters ΔH⧧ = 21.5 ± 0.3 kcal/mol and ΔS⧧ = −7.5 ± 0.8 cal·mol–1 K–1, consistent with intramolecular proton abstraction. The protonolysis chemistry of 1 was also explored, which led to the uranium(IV) alkoxide complex U(OCPh3)4(DME) (3·DME).