cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite amplitude vibrations of a circular plate

Abstract The problem of finite-amplitude, axisymmetric free and forced vibration of a circular plate is examined with various boundary conditions. The non-linear boundary-value problem is converted into the corresponding eigenvalue problem by elimination of the time variable. Then by a Newton-Raphson iteration scheme, and the concept of analytical continuation, the solution to the non-linear eigenvalue problem for the vibrations is obtained in a discrete form. It is seen that the removal of radial restraint causes drastic changes in the plate responses and the patterns of membrane stresses. Comparison with solutions based on the Berger assumption reveals the unsuitability of the assumption when the plate is not radially restrained.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL SCORE AND TRAIT-SITUATIONAL ATTRIBUTION

According to attribution theory (2) a person believes that others behave as they do because they have certain traits, whereas one's own behavior results from the situation. However, there may be individual differences in such attributions (1, 3). We hypothesized that inner controllers (4) would more frequently than external controllers reject situational, "external" control of their own behavior and think of themselves as trait-dominated. Three classes of college students (N = 62) anonymously rated themselves and a "best friend of the same sex" on a 25-trait checklist with presence or absence of each trait and "depends on the situation" as alternatives. Then each person took the Rotter Internal-External Control scale. People did circle "depends on the situation" more frequently for themselves (M = 10.58, SD = 6.19) than for their best friends (M = 8.81, SD = 6.08; z = 3.79, P .lo). These results may reflea an ambiguity in the concept of situational control. Some students said afterward that they took it to mean the provision of a reason for a behavior but with freedom of decision, whereas others reported perceiving the situation as over-riding all options. What is meant by behavior resulting from the situation appears to vary from person to person. REFERENCES 1. JONES, E. E. How do people perceive the causes of behavior? American Scienrisr,
Linking "Sink or Swim" Indicators to Delayed Mortality in Red Snapper by Using a Condition Index

Abstract The ability of fish to submerge after discarding is often used as a proxy for survival, but this practice underestimates total discard mortality because delayed mortality is overlooked. Fishery managers need a way to link “sink or swim” indicators, or variables observed during capture and release, with delayed mortality rates. We conducted a cage study of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus off the coast of Texas to estimate delayed mortality rates and to find factors that could link immediate and delayed mortality. Immediate mortality (17%) was predicted by the interaction of depth and the difference in temperature between surface and bottom waters. Lactate levels were also significant predictors of immediate mortality in fish whose blood was tested. Delayed mortality (64%) was predicted primarily by a condition index consisting of the presence or absence of injuries, symptoms of barotrauma, and fish behaviors immediately after capture. Specific categories included bleeding, protruding intestines, ...
A large submarine sand-rubble flow on kilauea volcano, hawaii

Abstract Papa'u seamount on the south submarine slope of Kilauea volcano is a large landslide about 19 km long, 6 km wide, and up to 1 km thick with a volume of about 39 km 3 . Dredge hauls, remote camera photographs, and submersible observations indicate that it is composed primarily of unconsolidated angular glassy basalt sand with scattered basalt blocks up to 1 m in size; no lava flows were seen. Sulfur contents of basalt glass from several places on the sand-rubble flow and nearby areas are low ( ppm ), indicating that the clastic basaltic material was all erupted on land. The Papa'u sandrubble flow was emplaced during a single flow event fed from a large near-shore bank of clastic basaltic material which in turn was formed as lava flows from the summit area of Kilauea volcano disintegrated when they entered the sea. The current eruptive output of the volcano suggests that the material in the submarine sand-rubble flow represents about 6000 years of accumulation, and that the flow event occurred several thousand years ago.
Expansion of Allospecific Regulatory T Cells After Anergized, Mismatched Bone Marrow Transplantation

Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from healthy donors can cure patients with many diseases. Donor T cells can protect against recurrence of infection and disease, but some of these (alloreactive) T cells recognize patient tissues as foreign, causing graft-versus-host disease. Removing T cells from donor grafts before transplantation reduces graft-versus-host disease but increases infection and disease recurrence. Inactivation of alloreactive T cells by inducing tolerance to patient cells (anergization) before transplantation preserves beneficial donor T cell effects while reducing graft-versus-host disease. We show that this approach also results in expansion of regulatory T cells that specifically suppress alloreactive donor T cell responses in the recipient. In addition to reducing graft-versus-host disease, antigen-specific regulatory T cells generated with this strategy could suppress unwanted T cell responses that cause rejection of solid organ transplants and tissue damage in autoimmune disorders.
Psychiatric classification at cross-roads.

Classification of psychiatric disorders is clearly at cross-roads on two counts. First, the expanding understanding of dimensions of psychopathology cutting across traditional diagnoses is increasingly challenging categorical distinctions. In parallel, neurobiological correlates and causal underpinnings of such dimensions are being characterized by modern tools of imaging, electrophysiology and molecular genetics. Psychiatric classification systems such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th ed., DSM-5 recently revised in May 2013), have begun to recognize these advances by incorporating dimensional measures for further study. Such changes, which reflect a slow march toward neuroscience-based classification down the road (Keshavan, 2013), reflect the long overdue rapproachment between symptom based categories reminiscent of 20th century medicine, and the disease characterization based on etiopathology characteristic of much of the rest of medicine. The second welcome
Aldehyde oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster: a system for genetic studies on developmental regulation.

Abstract The enzyme aldehyde oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster has been examined with respect to the normal pattern of developmental regulation and differentiation. Genetic evidence indicates that synthesis begins earlier than previously believed, but not until after hatching of the egg. The overall developmental curve is reproducible for a given strain of Drosophila . The differentiated tissue distribution in both larvae and adults is very precise and discontinuous and is also highly reproducible for a given strain. Both quantitative and histochemical determinations of the distribution are given. Synthesis of the enzyme is shown to be autonomous, at least in ovaries. We conclude that this enzyme provides a suitable case for seeking mutations that affect differentiated expression of a single, specific gene product (i.e., mutations causing altered developmental pattern or altered tissue specificity). The basis of observed strain specific variation in aldehyde oxidase expression is being investigated, and new variants are being sought.
Autologous deposit of blood by oncology patients : an evaluation of actual use and wastage

Background: Transfusions of autologous deposited blood have continued to grow since the 1980s. Together with the growth in the deposit of autologous blood, issues such as appropriateness of indications, reimbursement, cost effectiveness, etc., have emerged and require addressing. Also, the patient's concerns about safety of the blood supply must be taken into account. Methods: We conducted a 20-week study to determine the collection and transfusion/wastage of autologous blood and the need to transfuse additional allogeneic units of packed red blood cells. The disposition of every autologous unit was followed until its disposal. Results: One hundred fifty-seven patients deposited 260 units of autologous blood. Of these, 144 units (55.4%) were transfused whereas 44.6% were discarded. In addition, 25 of 157 patients (15.9%) received an additional 58 units of allogeneic blood. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that there are surgical procedures where autologous blood is drawn unnecessarily whereas others could afford a higher number of autologous blood deposits. Physicians may be pressured by patients into ordering autologous blood deposits, to allay fear of patients about safety of the blood supply. It is important that health care professionals undergo periodic education to be able to address patient's apprehension about safety of the blood supply.
Microchannel-plate-based electro-optical A-D conversion

A novel microchannel plate (MCP) based electrooptical A/D converter is proposed for signal bandwidths in excess of 100 MHz. The signal forward-biases an electron flux through 500 impedance matched transmission lines deposited on an MCP. The backbiasing of the gap between adjacent MCPs provides a voltage threshold for the signal triggering of an electron cascade in the second MCP. The second MCP is biased by a square wave timing pulse in order to measure the time at which the signal exceeded the backbias threshold. It is shown that reasonable MCP operating parameters result in 100 psec time resolution. The Nyquist criteria is applied to determine the least bit size for voltage sampling of a transient pulse.
Sex Stereotypes: Occupational Barriers for Women

We see evidence everyday that sex roles are changing in American society. Yet it appears that changes in the stereotypes of women and men have not kept pace with changing role options. Specifically, women still are viewed as possessing personality characteristics that are considered inappropriate for performing effectively in high-level positions. This article examines a number of employment and career issues that may be affected by sex stereotypes. The available research suggests that sex stereotypes operate at various stages in one's career and provide a series of barriers for women aspiring to positions that traditionally have been dominated by males.
Structural Determinants of Transmembrane β-Barrels.

The recognition of β-barrel membrane proteins based on their sequence is more challenging than the recognition of α-helical membrane proteins. This goal could benefit from a better understanding of the physical determinants of transmembrane β-barrel structure. To that end, we first extend the IMM1 implicit membrane model in a way that allows the modeling of membrane proteins with an internal aqueous pore. The new model (IMM1-pore) gives stable molecular dynamics trajectories for three β-barrel membrane proteins of different sizes and negative water-to-membrane transfer energies of reasonable magnitude. It also discriminates the correct fold for a pair of 10-stranded and 12-stranded transmembrane β-barrels. We then consider a pair of β-barrel proteins: OmpA, which is a membrane β-barrel with hydrophobic residues on the exterior and polar residues in the interior, and retinol binding protein, which is a water soluble protein with polar residues on the exterior and hydrophobic residues in the interior. By t...
History of Traumatic Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviorsin Severely Mentally Ill Substance Abusing Adults

Epidemiological studies in the United States estimate HIV seroprevalence rates ranging between 4% and 23% for serious mentally ill adults (SMIA; i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other chronic disorders with psychotic features), with substantially greater estimates for risky sexual behaviors. Among the most consistent factors linked to HIV risk in non-SMIA populations is a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. The current study examined the intersection of abuse history and HIV sexual risk behavior in SMIAs with a group of men (n = 64) and women (n = 115) recruited from eight geographically diverse and representative clinical sites around Florida. A cross-sectional interview revealed a high prevalence of alcohol and other drugs problems, as well as a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse in 75% of the participants, with 68% of these reporting multiple types of abuse. Compared to nonabused counterparts, those with a history of abuse reported significantly greater: (a) lifetime and current psychiatric symptoms, (b) recent unprotected sexual intercourse, and (c) crack cocaine, heroin, and marijuana use. No gender differences were detected in the associations of abuse history and sexual risk behaviors. These results underscore the need for HIV prevention efforts targeted to SMIAs and the critical importance of addressing abuse history in interventions with this underserved population.
Novel modifications in the alkenyldiarylmethane (ADAM) series of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

In an effort to obtain more insight into the interaction between HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the alkenyldiarylmethanes (ADAMs), a new series of compounds has been synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of HIV-1 replication. The modifications reported in this new series include primarily changes to the alkenyl chain. The most potent compound proved to be methyl 3‘,3‘ ‘-dibromo-4‘,4‘ ‘-dimethoxy-5‘,5‘ ‘-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-6,6-diphenyl-5-hexenoate (28), which displayed an EC50 of 1.3 nM for inhibition of the cytopathic effect of HIV-1RF in CEM-SS cells. ADAM 28 inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. Mutations that conferred greater than 10-fold resistance to ADAM 28 clustered at residues Val 106, Val 179, Tyr 181, and Tyr 188. Results derived from this series indicate that ADAMs containing chlorines in the aromatic rings might bind to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in a slightly different mode when compared with those analogues incorporating bromine in the aromatic rings.
Imperial reach versus institutional grasp: superstates of the west and central African Sudan in comparative perspective

The history of five states in the African West and Central Sudan—Songhay, Borno, Segu, Samory and the Sokoto Caliphate—is analyzed for a period from ca. 1500 to ca. 1900. Recent scholarship has stressed the non-territorial nature of these “states without maps”, an issue that needs to be dealt in a more nuanced manner, given the efforts by local regimes to control both multiple urban centers of commerce and rural zones of agricultural production as well as maintaining regular systems of taxation. None of these states used writing or salary payments to maintain an effective bureaucracy, basing their power instead upon various combinations of lineages with claims to ruling or aristocratic status, associations of young unmarried male initiates, segregated occupational groups (bards, smiths and fisher folk) and finally, slaves. Warfare was the main occupation of Sudanic empires but despite the introduction of firearms in the late 1500s, weapons and tactics did not undergo a “gunpowder revolution,” continuing instead to center around horses and armor. Sudanic rulers controlled access to these resources more easily than European monarchs and they also proved effective in the major goal of campaigns: not territorial competition with other states but rather raiding for slaves. Islam played an increasing role in general life and politics of Sudanic Africa (the most powerful of these empires, Sokoto, was a nineteenth-century jihadist state). However, the potential that such a scriptural faith offered for transforming administration, law and commercial life was not fully realized by the time the region came under European rule and thus moved from its early modern to modern history.
Volumetric photoacoustic endoscopy of internal organs: a phantom and in situ study

In this study, we further developed our photoacoustic endoscopic system to produce three-dimensional images of internal organs by performing pullback C-scans. Employing the side-scanning photoacoustic endoscopic probe discussed in the Optical Society of America's journal Optics Letters, we could acquire successive B-scan images by pulling back the probe with a motorized linear stage. We demonstrate the endoscopic system's volumetric imaging ability through imaging of a metal wire phantom and an in situ rat rectum.
Change in community phylogenetic structure during tropical forest succession: evidence from New Guinea

Ecologists have recently interpreted patterns of phylogenetic distance among coexisting species as indicative of processes a! ecting community assembly during forest succession. We investigated plant community phylogenetic structure along a successional gradient in New Guinean lowland rain forest. We surveyed all trees with diameter at breast height ! 5 cm in nineteen 0.25 ha plots representing younger secondary, older secondary, and primary forest. We estimated plant community phylogeny from rbcL gene sequences to quantify change in phylogenetic structure during succession. Mean phylogenetic distance among co-occurring trees increased with total basal area per plot, a proxy for forest age. Signifi cant phylogenetic clustering was detected in secondary forest whereas primary forest was signifi cantly over-dispersed relative to null expectations. We examined the sensitivity of these patterns to various methods of branch length estimation and phylogenetic uncertainty. Power to detect community phylogenetic patterns when equal branch lengths were assumed was weak in comparison to direct molecular and time-calibrated measures of divergence. Inferred change during forest succession was also robust to phylogenetic uncertainty so long as temporal information was incorporated in estimates of divergence. " e observed patterns are consistent with processes of environmental fi ltering during tropical forest succession giving way to other processes in primary forests including density-dependence.
Radiographic and Clinical Characterization of False Negative Results from CT-Guided Needle Biopsies of Lung Nodules

Introduction: Computed tomography-guided transthoracic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a highly sensitive technique for diagnosing malignancy in pulmonary nodules; however, there is great uncertainty regarding the reliability of a benign result. The goal of this study was to characterize the clinical, radiologic, and technical variables associated with a false negative result. Methods: We performed a consecutive series review of patients who had an initial benign result from an FNA between January 2002 and December 2004. Medical charts were reviewed to identify patients with false negative and true negative results and determine which variables were associated with a missed diagnosis. Results: One hundred and seventy patients underwent an FNA biopsy yielding an initial benign result and had adequate clinical follow-up. Eighteen of these proved to be false negatives and 152 were true negative. Compared with the patients with true negatives, those with false negative results had significantly larger nodules (mean, 27 mm versus 17 mm, p = 0.04), fewer imaging adjustments per needle pass (4.5 versus 6.4, p = 0.01), a higher proportion in whom the needle tip was not documented within the lesion (24% versus 5%, p =0.04), and a higher pneumothorax rate at any point during the procedure (50% versus 22%, p =0.04). When these variables were considered jointly, pneumothorax ( p = 0.006), solitary nodule ( p = 0.04), and the radiologist who performed the procedure ( p = 0.04) were significant predictors of false negative results. Conclusions: Factors that were associated with false negative results include increased size of lesion, fewer adjustments of the needle, lack of positive cultures, and the occurrence of a pneumothorax. A benign FNA biopsy result should have the procedure reviewed to ensure the results are reliable.
Myo-mechanical analysis of isolated skeletal muscle.

To assess the in vivo effects of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of muscle disease 1,2,3, quantitative methods are needed that measure force generation and fatigability in treated muscle. We describe a detailed approach to evaluating myo-mechanical properties in freshly explanted hindlimb muscle from the mouse. We describe the atraumatic harvest of mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle, mounting the muscle in a muscle strip myograph (Model 820MS; Danish Myo Technology), and the measurement of maximal twitch and tetanic tension, contraction time, and half-relaxation time, using a square pulse stimulator (Model S48; Grass Technologies). Using these measurements, we demonstrate the calculation of specific twitch and tetanic tension normalized to muscle cross-sectional area, the twitch-to-tetanic tension ratio, the force-frequency relationship curve and the low frequency fatigue curve 4. This analysis provides a method for quantitative comparison between therapeutic interventions in mouse models of muscle disease 1,2,3,5, as well as comparison of the effects of genetic modification on muscle function 6,7,8,9.
Reversible encapsulation of multiple, neutral guests in hexameric resorcinarene hosts.

A variety of aromatic guest molecules are co-encapsulated with Bu4SbBr in an assembly of six resorcinarene subunits.
Probe Measurements and Potential Distribution in Copper A-C Arcs

A previous paper on a-c arcs in air between copper electrodes showed the influence of circuit constants in determining the rise of voltage across the electrodes during the reignition period of cyclic current zero. This paper gives the distribution of potential throughout the arc space between the electrodes during the reignition period, and shows that during that time the potential drop is concentrated largely in the space adjacent to the cathode, the major portion of the arc space is free from potential gradient, and the potential distribution is measurable with fidelity by means of inserted probes.
Inheritance and mapping of seed lipoxygenase polypeptides in Pisum

Analysis of crosses of Pisum lines showing variation in the apparent molecular weight of seed lipoxygenase polypeptides indicates that the genes encoding the two major pea seed lipoxygenase polypeptides are closely linked. The lipoxygenase locus, designated Lox, maps to a position on linkage group 4 between Np and le.
Field-independent magnetization and fluctuations in Hg-based cuprates

Abstract The crossing of the magnetization M of cuprates in different fields at ( M ∗ , T ∗ ) has been widely interpreted as a result of 2D vortex-fluctuations. Therefore, it is expected that the M ∗ T ∗ of HgBa 2 Ca m Cu m + 1 O y will be proportional to the 2D sheet-density 1 s , where s is the size of the unit cell. However, our data show that the M ∗ T ∗ is independent of both m and s in the Hg-based cuprates with 1 ≤ m ≤ 3. A survey further suggests that the value of M ∗ T ∗ is a universal constant for all studied Bi-, Tl- and Hg-based cuprates. This observation suggests that the coupling between neighboring CuO 2 -blocks may have non-negligible effects on the magnetization.
Efficient competition in local telecommunications without excessive regulation

Abstract Competition in local telecommunications can provide large benefits. The U.S. has made great progress in promoting such competition, but the U.S. approach is extremely regulatory. We describe a possible way to introduce competition efficiently in local telecommunications without excessive regulation. It involves the combination of symmetrical call-termination charges and substantial pricing flexibility for the incumbent LEC. In this context, symmetry provides a strong safeguard against anticompetitive pricing.
Consumer decision making and aging: A commentary

Abstract Yoon, Cole and Lee's review suggests two strategies to address elderly individuals' limitations in processing information and decision making. One is accommodation, which entails designing information processing and judgment tasks so that they are compatible with the elderly's resource limitations. The other strategy involves stimulating self-regulation. Here the premise is that elderly individuals often have the resources necessary to engage in a task, but only activate them in response to explicit directions. We discuss whether this observation reflects older individuals' inability to activate self-regulation strategies spontaneously, or their purposive rationing of their limited resources so they remain available for more profound activities.
A Dimensional Model of Personality Disorder: Proposal for DSM-V

A proposal made for DSM-IV was to include a means with which to provide a dimensional profile of a patient in terms of the diagnostic categories. However, a suggestion of the DSM-V Research Planning Conference on personality disorders was to develop a more fundamental revision through an integration of alternative dimensional models of personality disorder and general personality structure. A purpose of the current article is to provide this proposal. Also discussed is a primary concern with respect to the implementation of any such dimensional model: clinical utility. Discussed in particular are concerns regarding feasibility and treatment implications.
Radiation of ELF/VLF waves by harmonically varying currents into a stratified ionosphere with application to radiation by a modulated electrojet

[1] We use a full-wave finite element approach inspired by the mode calculation method of Wait (1970) to calculate electromagnetic fields in a horizontally stratified ionosphere treated as a magnetized plasma. The source currents can have arbitrary vertical and horizontal distributions. The electromagnetic field is calculated both in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide (at arbitrary horizontal distance and direction) and in the ionosphere (as an upward propagating whistler mode wave). This method requires less computational resources than traditional FDFD and FDTD methods, while providing results with similar accuracy. The model is applied to the radiation of ELF/VLF waves from modulated HF-heated electrojet currents, and the calculated values are compared to ground and satellite observations.
Long-range strategy for remote sensing: an integrated supersystem

Present large space-based remote sensing systems, and those planned for the next two decades, remain dichotomous and custom-built. An integrated architecture might reduce total cost without limiting system performance. An example of such an architecture, developed at The Aerospace Corporation, explores the feasibility of reducing overall space systems costs by forming a 'super-system' which will provide environmental, earth resources and theater surveillance information to a variety of users. The concept involves integration of programs, sharing of common spacecraft bus designs and launch vehicles, use of modular components and subsystems, integration of command and control and data capture functions, and establishment of an integrated program office. Smart functional modules that are easily tested and replaced are used wherever possible in the space segment. Data is disseminated to systems such as NASA's EOSDIS, and data processing is performed at established centers of expertise. This concept is advanced for potential application as a follow-on to currently budgeted and planned space-based remote sensing systems. We hope that this work will serve to engender discussion that may be of assistance in leading to multinational remote sensing systems with greater cost effectiveness at no loss of utility to the end user.
Developmental trends in the use of logical connectives

Children in Grades 2, 4, 6, and 8 were tested on their ability to comprehend and categorize stimuli involving eight logical connectives: conjunction, disjunction, conditional, biconditional, and their negatives. Three distinct groupings of difficulty were apparent. The easy group of connectives (negative implication, negative disjunction, and conjunction) had the common factor of being verbalized with the connective “and.” The second group, showing a definite developmental trend, consisted of the negative biconditional and the disjunctive, which shared the common factor of being verbalized with the connective “or.” The third group revealed an almost total failure to understand implication and biconditional, verbalized with “if,” as well as difficulty in handling the negative conjunctive which verbalizes as a disjunction of negatives. Results were considered to support Bourne’s hypothesis of an intuitive truth-table approach to multiple rule learning rather than Neisser and Weene’s postulation of a hierarchy of difficulty levels.
The effect of warfarin therapy on endoleak development after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of the abdominal aorta

Objectives The presence of an endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR) may predispose to sac expansion and potential sac rupture. The incidence of endoleak after AAA repair can be as high as 20% to 30%. We investigated whether warfarin anticoagulation was an independent risk factor for endoleak after EVAR for AAA. Methods All AAA patients who underwent elective EVAR were prospectively followed-up. Data for demographics, clinical comorbidities, outcomes, EVAR devices, and anticoagulation methods were recorded. All patients underwent routine follow-up at 1, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) with 3-dimensional (3D) volumetric analysis was also completed. Results During a 7-year period, 127 consecutive patients with infrarenal AAAs who underwent EVAR were monitored for a mean of 2.14 years. The average age at the time of EVAR was 73.8 years. Warfarin therapy alone was administered to 24 patients, and anticoagulation with antiplatelet therapy alone was administered to 103. During the study period, 38 (29.9%) endoleaks were documented. The overall endoleak rate was 13 of 24 in the warfarin group and 25 of 103 in the antiplatelet group (P = .004). CTA 3D volumetric aneurysm sac analysis showed an increase of 16.09% in the warfarin study group and a reduction of 9.71% in the antiplatelet group (P = .04). Conclusions Anticoagulation with warfarin appears to be linked to an increased risk for the development of endoleak after EVAR, specifically type II. Volumetric analysis showed warfarin therapy also contributed to persistent aneurysm sac expansion. These data suggest that patients who require warfarin anticoagulation for other indications should be advised that they might be at an increased risk for the development of endoleaks, subsequent secondary interventions, persistent sac expansion, and possible delayed sac rupture.
Let's Provide Primary Care to All Uninsured Americans—Now!

To the Editor. — It is certainly noble for Dr Moore 1 to say, "Let's provide primary care to all uninsured Americans— now!," but there is nothing in our constitutional republic that establishes a precedent for this, no matter how reasonable and humane it seems, and the costs and sacrifices that would need to be borne by all to provide such universal service are hardly touched. Health care is no more to be guaranteed than is optimal nutrition, universal housing, employment, or legal representation, or any other of life's desirables, such as clothing, education, entertainment, and so on. We may need to be sure that all those unable to afford health care insurance are not spending their money—money that could be used to pay health insurance premiums—on such items as baseball games, movie tickets, beer, and cigarettes. The definition of what is primary health care will need determination. Will all
IEEE 802.11, OpenAir and HomeRF for 2.4 Ghz spread-spectrum wireless data communication within a metal transportation vehicle

The proliferation of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and low-cost wireless communication technology has expanded into many new applications, many of which are relevant to the international security community. Although most applications of these new wireless technologies are for architectures typical of a business enterprise, the need to wirelessly monitor the transportation of nuclear materials inside a fully enclosed metal transportainer or vehicle is an important use. However, the complexity and changing performance of the different spread-spectrum protocols make a selection between these different wireless technologies difficult. The nature of the problem becomes complex within a highly RF-reflective metal trailer approximating a Faraday cage or metal box. The addition or removal of highly RF-reflective metal containers within this environment further complicates the wireless communication and causes the multipath environment to change. Tests were conducted for different wireless spread-spectrum communication technologies using worst-case scenarios for different configurations (numbers) of metal containers. This paper provides an evaluation of the results of these tests and compares the performance for IEEE 802.11, OpenAir, and HomeRF spread-spectrum protocols of a wireless communication environment typical of metal transportation vehicle which could used to transport nuclear materials.
State-Level Autonomy and Municipal Government Structure: Influence on Form of Government Outcomes

A number of recent studies have argued that municipal governments have so significantly modified elements of their form of government that it is now difficult to distinguish form. However, none of these studies considers the influence of state government on these choices. This study uses a comprehensive data set of U.S. municipal governments with populations of at least 10,000 and a data set of state legislative provisions related to form of government to investigate the influence of state law on municipal form of government choices. The findings demonstrate that state law is associated with some choices of government form and that structures that hybridize the council-manager and mayor-council forms of government are still relatively uncommon.
Three-Dimensional Stochastic Off-Lattice Model of Binding Chemistry in Crowded Environments

Molecular crowding is one of the characteristic features of the intracellular environment, defined by a dense mixture of varying kinds of proteins and other molecules. Interaction with these molecules significantly alters the rates and equilibria of chemical reactions in the crowded environment. Numerous fundamental activities of a living cell are strongly influenced by the crowding effect, such as protein folding, protein assembly and disassembly, enzyme activity, and signal transduction. Quantitatively predicting how crowding will affect any particular process is, however, a very challenging problem because many physical and chemical parameters act synergistically in ways that defy easy analysis. To build a more realistic model for this problem, we extend a prior stochastic off-lattice model from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) space and examine how the 3D results compare to those found in 2D. We show that both models exhibit qualitatively similar crowding effects and similar parameter dependence, particularly with respect to a set of parameters previously shown to act linearly on total reaction equilibrium. There are quantitative differences between 2D and 3D models, although with a generally gradual nonlinear interpolation as a system is extended from 2D to 3D. However, the additional freedom of movement allowed to particles as thickness of the simulation box increases can produce significant quantitative change as a system moves from 2D to 3D. Simulation results over broader parameter ranges further show that the impact of molecular crowding is highly dependent on the specific reaction system examined.
Formation of Red Beds in Modern and Ancient Deserts

New evidence supports the theory that the hematite pigment in many red beds, particularly those associated with evaporites and aeolian sandstones, formed after deposition in hot arid or semiarid climates. The evidence includes field, petro-graphic, and chemical data collected from studies of two stratigraphic sequences that contain red beds: (1) Recent, Pleistocene, and Pliocene deposits in the Sonoran desert of northeastern Baja California, Mexico, and (2) late Paleozoic deposits in Colorado. The sequence in the Sonoran desert contains examples of red beds forming today in a hot dry climate. They are associated with bedded evaporites and occur where regional faunal, floral, and pedological evidence indicates rainfall has been low throughout the postdepositional history of the sediments. The facies associations reflect deposition in fluvial and fluvial-marine transitional environments. Red arkose fanglomerates occur on the flanks of the highland source areas, and red muds, probably of intertidal and shallow subtidal origin, occur in the transition sediments. Both of these red-stained facies show progressive stages of in situ alteration of nonred sediments to hematite-stained red beds, and in each, the iron in the stain is derived from intra-stratal alteration of iron-bearing detrital grains, particularly iron silicates such as hornblende and bio-tite. The late Paleozoic red beds of Colorado contain rock types and facies associations similar to those of the Sonoran desert; they are interpreted as ancient counterparts of those red beds. Numerous lines of field and petrographic evidence indicate that the hematite pigment in the late Paleozoic red beds formed in place after the sediments were deposited in desert basins.
Ultrasound enhanced glucose release from corn in ethanol plants

This work evaluated the use of high power ultrasonic energy to treat corn slurry in dry corn milling ethanol plants to enhance liquefaction and saccharification for ethanol production. Corn slurry samples obtained before and after jet cooking were subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment for 20 and 40 s at amplitudes of vibration ranging from 180 to 299 microm(pp) (peak to peak amplitude in microm). The resulting samples were then exposed to enzymes (alpha-amylase and glucoamylase) to convert cornstarch into glucose. A comparison of scanning electron micrographs of raw and sonicated samples showed the development of micropores and the disruption of cell walls in corn mash. The corn particle size declined nearly 20-fold following ultrasonic treatment at high power settings. The glucose release rate from sonicated samples increased as much as threefold compared to the control group. The efficiency of ultrasound exceeded 100% in terms of energy gain from the sugar released over the ultrasonic energy supplied. Enzymatic activity was enhanced when the corn slurry was sonicated with simultaneous addition of enzymes. This finding suggests that the ultrasonic energy did not degrade or denature the enzymes during the pretreatment.
Ares I static tests design

Probabilistic engineering design enhances safety and reduces costs by incorporating risk assessment directly into the design process. In this paper, we assess the format of the quantitative metrics for the vehicle which will replace the Space Shuttle, the Ares I rocket. Specifically, we address the metrics for in-flight measurement error in the vector position of the motor nozzle, dictated by limits on guidance, navigation, and control systems. Analyses include the propagation of error from measured to derived parameters, the time-series of dwell points for the duty cycle during static tests, and commanded versus achieved yaw angle during tests. Based on these analyses, we recommend a probabilistic template for specifying the maximum error in angular displacement and radial offset for the nozzle-position vector. Criteria for evaluating individual tests and risky decisions also are developed.
Exploring the Design Space of Self-Regulating Power-Aware On/Off Interconnection Networks

With power consumption becoming increasingly critical in interconnected systems, power-aware networks become part-and-parcel of many single-chip and multichip systems. As communication links consume significant power regardless of utilization, a mechanism to realize such power-aware networks is on/off links-network links that can be turned on/off as a function of traffic. In this paper, we investigate and propose self-regulating power-aware interconnection networks that turn their links on/off in response to bursts and dips in traffic in a distributed fashion. We explore the design space of such on/off networks, outlining a 5-step design methodology along with various building block solutions at each step that can be effectively assembled to develop various on/off network designs. We applied our methodology to the design of two classes of on/off networks with links that possess substantially different on/off delays, an on-chip network as well as a chip-to-chip network, and show that our designs are able to adapt dynamically to variations in network traffic. Three specific network designs are then constructed, presented, and evaluated. Our simulations show that link power consumption can be reduced by up to 54.4 percent, with a modest increase in network latency
Study of Different Approximation in the Calculation of g Tensors: H2+

The theory of the g tensor in one-electron systems is briefly reviewed and calculations are performed in several ways for the hydrogen molecular ion in order to test approximations which must be made for larger systems. Approximate ground state wavefunctions are determined variationally. The first-order wavefunction with respect to the orbit-field perturbation is calculated, and the second-order g tensor is determined. The results of the various approximate calculations are compared and discussed. It is found that the linear combination of atomic orbitals method is rather poor and that two center integrals cannot be neglected.
Binding capacities for Thermomonospora fusca E3, E4 and E5, the E3 binding domain, and Trichoderma reesei CBHI on Avicel and bacterial microcrystalline cellulose

Abstract Equilibrium binding of Thermomonospora fusca E 3 , E 4 and E 5 , the E 3 binding domain (CBDE 3 ), and Trichoderma reesei CBHI on Avicel PH102 and bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) was studied. The maximum adsorption levels, E b,m , for all four cellulases and the binding domain were 9–30 times higher on BMCC than on Avicel. The association constants for the individual cellulases were dependent upon the substrate; however, no obvious patterns were noted. A comparison of the T. fusca E bm s showed a decreasing power function relationship between molecular weight and maximum adsorption levels. This was particularly true for the cellulases binding on Avicel. The T. fusca binding results strongly suggest that binding capacity is a function of the cellulase size and the pore structure of the cellulose.
Mechanical Barrier for Preventing Climbing by Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Hide Beetle (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Larvae in Poultry Houses

Mechanical barriers consisting of bands of polyethylene terepthalate resin attached to wooden posts by latex caulk adhesive and staples were 100% effective in preventing passage of dispersing lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), larvae in the laboratory. Barriers continued to be 100% effective after being held in a caged layer poultry house for 3 mo. Polyethylene terepthalate barriers installed on support posts in a pullet house in Brooker, FL, were >92% effective against natural populations of lesser mealworm larvae 6 mo after installation. The barriers also were >94% effective against natural populations of larvae of the hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, when fly populations were low. Fecal spot depositions by house flies in excess of 31 cumulative fly spots per square centimeter on spot cards reduced the effectiveness of the barriers to 79–90%, and barrier efficacy was reduced to 40–56% when fly spots covered >80% of the surface of the plastic. Washing the barriers with water to remove fly spots restored their effectiveness against hide beetle larvae to >99%.
Order and disorder in conversation : Encounters with dementia of the Alzheimer's type

After a brief introduction to Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT), its behavioral diagnostic symptom complex and a summary of communicative implications, we present data from two conversations involving participants with and without DAT. We discuss the concept of “order” in conversation, and the central importance of interactional monitoring. Conversational success and problems in interactions with persons with DAT are seen as emergent from situationally embedded conversations in the presence of cognitive and linguistic impairments on the part of the person with DAT, and of contextually situated communicative impairment resulting therefrom.
HEARING LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH NITROUS OXIDE USE DURING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

Nitrous oxide is a gas with unique properties. When used as an anesthetic, it causes changes in the pressure or volume of closed air spaces and has been implicated as a rare cause of hearing loss due to changes in middle ear pressure. This effect appears to be exacerbated by the “head down” or Trendelenberg position required for many urological procedures. Therefore, the urologist should be aware of the potential for auditory complications from nitrous oxide. We report a case of hearing loss following radical prostatectomy, which was promptly identified and transient.
Evaluation on control measures of measles outbreak in Zhouzhi County in 2009.

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and control measures of measles outbreak in Zhouzhi County in 2009,improve the level of measles control.[Methods]The epidemic data were collected from measles monitoring system,measles IgM was tested by ELISA trapping method,and measles cases were diagnosed according to Xi'an Surveillance Scheme for Measles.[Results]Among 61 suspected measles cases,42 cases were confirmed as measles in 2009,and the reported incidence rate of measles was 9. 66/lakh. Sporadic cases and outbreak both occurred,and most of patients were children under 5 years old. Only 19. 67% of reported measles cases had accepted full dose immunization of measles vaccination ( MV) ,70. 49% had no vaccination records,and 1. 64% had dubious immunization history. The main reasons of measles outbreak were MV routine immunization was not implemented well and source of infection was not managed properly.[Conclusion]The immunization strategy which includes routine immunization and supplementary immunization can control the measles outbreak. The sensitivity and quality of surveillance system should be improved.
Ending Court Protection of Voters from the Initiative Process

When journalists write their stories about state ballot propositions in the 2006 election, they likely will focus on South Dakota's abortion rights referendum, Michigan's affirmative action measure, or the variety of eminent domain measures reacting to the Supreme Court's Kelo decision. But there's also a story about measures that courts have kept off the ballot in a misguided effort to protect voters from making hard or bad choices. In this short essay, I argue that states should repeal their "single subject" rules because judicial enforcement leads to arbitrary, perhaps result-oriented decisions that don't benefit voters.