cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New records of the Sickle-winged Nightjar, Eleothreptus anomalus (Caprimulgidae), from a Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil wetland.

New records of the Sickle-winged Nightjar, Eleothreptus anomalus (Caprimulgidae), from a Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil wetland.
Individualism-Collectivism Applied to Direct Versus Indirect Facework

This chapter discusses how individualism is associated with direct communication while collectivism is associated with indirect communication. Examples are provided to explain how this primary point of conflict needs to be addressed. The idea that individualism is associated with a task orientation is also contrasted with how collectivistic cultural members are more relationship orientated. This fundamental difference is also presented together with examples such as the classic misunderstanding of signing a contract right away as opposed to vacationing first. Finally, the issue of how collectivistic millennials are somewhat different in their collectivistic outlook is also discussed.
Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS: a rare case of spontaneous remission

There is no consensus on the optimal therapy for primary CNS lymphoma. Conventional treatment modalities include chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which carry significant risks of morbidity and mortality. In systemic lymphomas, there are situations where non-Hodgkin lymphomas have resolved spontaneously. We now report the case of a nonimmunocompromised patient with primary CNS lymphoma who underwent a spontaneous remission with a durable response. This case suggests that not all patients with primary CNS lymphomas require aggressive treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Medullary bone is phylogenetically widespread and its skeletal distribution varies by taxon

Female birds produce medullary bone to offset heightened calcium demand during egg shelling. The ephemeral nature of medullary bone hampers its observation in wild birds; thus, its phylogenetic distribution and ecophysiological correlates remain controversial. To address this, I candled a phylogenetically broad sample of bird skeletons spanning a large range of body sizes. I hypothesized that the presence of medullary bone would reduce or eliminate light penetrance through long bones. Candling suggested medullary bone was present in many adult female specimens, which was confirmed visually or with digital X-rays. This survey yielded the first unambiguous evidence of medullary bone in several taxa, including hummingbirds, tinamous, megapodes, and kiwi. The phylogenetic distribution of these new occurrences confirms that medullary bone is phylogenetically widespread among birds, including palaeognaths and passerines. The rapid assessment of complete skeletons supports a relationship between medullary bone and hematopoietic marrow, and establishes that the skeletal distribution of medullary bone varies taxonomically. Because the presence of medullary bone confirms sex, maturity, and reproductive status, its detection in specimens of known collection date can improve our understanding of life history and reproductive timing in wild birds, even decades later.
As temperature increases, predator attack rate is more important to survival than a smaller window of prey vulnerability

Climate change can have strong effects on species interactions and community structure. Temperature-dependent effects on predator-prey interactions are a major mechanism through which these effects occur. To understand the net effects of predator attack rates and dynamic windows of prey vulnerability, we examined the impacts of temperature on the interaction of a caterpillar (Arctia virginalis) and its ant predator (Formica lasioides). We conducted field experiments to examine attack rates on caterpillars relative to temperature, ant abundance, and body size, and laboratory experiments to determine the effects of temperature on caterpillar growth. We modeled temperature-dependent survival based on the integrated effects of temperature-dependent growth and temperature- and size-dependent predation. Attack rates on caterpillars increased with warming and ant recruitment, but decreased with caterpillar size. Caterpillar growth rates increased with temperature, narrowing the window of vulnerability. The model predicted that net caterpillar survival would decrease with temperature, suggesting that A. virginalis populations could be depressed with future climate warming. Theoretical work suggests that the net outcome of predator-prey interactions with increasing temperature depends on the respective responses of interacting species in terms of velocity across space, whereas the present study suggests the importance of effects of temperature on prey window of vulnerability, or "velocity" across time.
Hydrogenation of Naturally-Derived Nepetalactone as a Topical Insect Repellent

Dihydronepetalactone (DHN) is a safe and effective topical insect repellent,(5,6,8) comparable in efficacy to that of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). The latter is the most commonly used active ingredient, found in many commercial insect repellents for a broad range of biting insects. DHN can be produced by hydrogenating nepetalactone (NL), which is the primary ingredient of the essential oil obtained from the renewably sourced catmint plant, Nepeta cataria. Optimizing the hydrogenation reaction to produce DHN from catmint oil is a key economic driver for the process. Prior to the study described here, Six Sigma methodologies were used to select palladium on carbon (5% Pd/C) as the catalyst of choice. The hydrogenation step was studied as a function of critical process variables and the composition of the oil. As described in this article, a robust, two-step hydrogenation process was developed to maximize the yield of the desired DHNs from treated catmint oil. It was observed that the composition of the c...
Potentiation of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses Directed against P. Falciparum Sporozoite Peptide Vaccine by Immunomodulators

The development of genetically engineered subunit vaccines has renewed and intensified efforts to immunize third world populations against currently uncontrolled diseases including malaria; however, the success of such vaccines will depend in large part upon efforts to enhance their immunogenicity. It is likely that subunit vaccines will require potent adjuvants in order to be effective. While considerable work has been aimed at enhancing antibody responses to peptide antigens, little is know regarding the potentiation of antigen specific cell-mediated immune responses. We have utilized a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) model to investigate cell-mediated immune responses, including those parameters which affect the induction, magnitude and duration of responsiveness. We examined the potency of R32tet32, a subunit vaccine directed against the sporozoite stage of Plasmodium falciparum, to induce and elicit DTH responses in mice and found that these responses were potentiated significantly through the use of selected lymphokines and immunomodulators.
Max Weber's Protestant Ethic in the 21st Century ⁄

Thehistoryofsociology’smostfamousstudybeganwiththepublicationof a two-part essay. Its author, educated as a lawyer but formerly employedas a national economist, had no formal training in its subject. He had justovercome a mood disorder that had debilitated him and all but ﬁnished hispromising academic career, allowing his wife to become better known insome academic and social circles than he was. The essay’s arguments werequickly challenged by historians, whose critiques the author rebuffed in anacerbicandcantankerousfashion.Withinweeksandmonthsafterpublishingthe study, its author moved on to conduct other monumental studies and didnot return to the original study’s subject matter until close to the end ofhis life, when the essays were thoroughly revised and made part of a muchlargerprojectcomparingtheinterfaceofreligionandeconomicsinthemajorreligions. Since the author’s death, there have been studies addressing thegenesis of the original essays, the signiﬁcance of the changes made in theirrevision, the original and revised essays’ status in the larger context of theauthor’s work, their extension both stepping back and moving forward intime, and, last but not least, their shortcomings and aberrations, real andimagined.
Primary stroke prevention and community education.

Michael Vecchione, DO  stroke Is the fourth leADIng cAuse of death in the United States. Stroke affects almost 800,000 people in the United States each year with two-thirds of events being a first occurrence. Approximately 135,000 people die from stroke each year. In 2007, four of every 10,000 people in Rhode Island died from stroke-related complications. According to the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2011 update: A Report from the AHA, Rhode Island was third lowest in stroke mortality: 35 per 100,000 population. This low rate in Rhode Island should not lend itself to complacency among health-care providers and patients. In addition to physical disability, the financial impact of stroke on patients, their families, and the healthcare system is significant.
Sensor Data Streams

It is possible today to collect streams of data from sensors in the environment (e.g., on walls of buildings) or attached to individuals (e.g., badges that record location and with whom one is speaking). The data from these sensors allows researchers to trace people’s behavior with and without various technology interventions or incentives intended to change behavior. These traces can also be used inside technologies, for example to sense when it is a good time to interrupt a person with a message.
Has U.S. Income Inequality Really Increased

In recent years, both academics and public commentators have alleged that "income inequality" is increasing in the United States. These commentators typically cite federal income tax return data to support their claims. However, studies based on tax return data provide highly misleading comparisons of changes to the U.S. income distribution because of dramatic changes in tax rules and tax reporting in recent decades. This study attempts to correct for the distortions of using tax data to determine income distribution characteristics. It finds that, aside from stock option windfalls during the late-1990s stock-market boom, there is little evidence of a significant or sustained increase in the inequality of U.S. incomes, wages, consumption, or wealth over the past 20 years.
Conceptualising Person-centered Advance Care Planning for People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Multifaceted Theoretical Approach

Due to advances in care in recent decades, adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) are living longer than ever before. This requires increased attention to issues surrounding serious illness and...
Numbers and Acrostics: Two Notes on Jason’s Prayer at Pagasae in Apollonius’ Argonautica

This paper presents two notes relating to Jason’s prayer to Apollo before the launch of the Argo in Apollonius’ Argonautica (1.415–419). In both cases, I examine what may be termed the “subtextual” facets of the passage: textual data that are significant—productive of meaningful interpretation—and yet hardly apparent on a surface-level reading of the poem. The first note concerns the changing total number of crewmembers aboard the Argo, an evolving figure which Apollonius encourages the reader to track as the narrative progresses. The second proposes a new acrostic that “completes” the ΑΚΤΙΑ acrostic that Selina Stewart recently discovered in Jason’s prayer. In each case, I draw different conclusions from these subliminal data, which have ramifications for questions of gender and inclusivity in Jason’s crew and the role of the gods in the poem. Both readings, however, are a testament to the careful design and unity of purpose that runs through the epic.
Multiple Eavesdropper-Based Physical Layer Security in TAS/MRC System With Antenna Correlation

In this paper, we analyze the impact of the antenna correlation on the secrecy of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels with multiple eavesdroppers, where transmit antenna selection (TAS) and maximal-ratio combining (MRC) are employed at the transmitter, receiver and eavesdroppers, respectively. For the practical passive eavesdropping, we first develop new and closed general formulas for the secrecy outage probability and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity to characterize the effect of spatial correlation, and results prove that the enhanced security performance can be achieved when multiple antennas are provided at the transmitter. We then explore how spatial correlation affects the asymptotic secrecy outage probability, and the secrecy diversity order is revealed. Based on these, the results show that when the average SNR of the main channel is relatively low, higher antenna correlation is more perfect to the secrecy. When the average SNR of the main channel is relatively high, higher antenna correlation is more destructive to the secrecy.
The Use of Laboratory-Measured and Strain-Gauge Backcalculated Asphalt Stiffness for Rutting Performance Prediction:

Laboratory tests are conducted with asphalt concrete materials to determine the expected in-situ performance. In addition, laboratory test results are commonly used in mechanistic-empirical design ...
A Single-Line Single-Channel Method With Closed-Form Formulas for the Characterization of Dielectric Liquids

This paper presents a method for the measurement of liquid permittivity without using liquid reference materials or calibration standards. The method uses a single transmission line and a single microfluidic channel which intercept the line twice. As a result, two transmission line segments are formed with channel sections to measure liquid samples. In single-connection measurements, the scattering parameters of three transmission line states can be obtained. The three states are both segments filled with air, one segment filled with a liquid sample while the other with air, and both segments filled with liquid. By choosing a 2:1 ratio for the two line segment lengths, closed-form formulas are provided to calculate line propagation constants directly from measured S-parameters. Then, sample permittivity values are obtained. A coplanar waveguide is built and tested with deionized water, methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol from 0.1 to 9 GHz. The obtained line performance agrees with the simulation results. The obtained sample permittivity values agree with commonly accepted values.
The 5-Year Course of Medication Treatment in Childhood Anxiety Disorders

Objective For pediatric psychiatric disorders, given the marked increase in use of medications without an understanding of the typical treatment course, the primary goal of the current study was to examine the course of pharmacotherapy over 5 years in children with newly diagnosed anxiety disorders. Methods We reviewed provider billing and prescription ordering records of a tertiary medical center from 2008 through 2015 to identify children (aged 7-17 years) newly diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and to determine the psychopharmacologic treatment that they received from 2010 through 2015. The frequency at which patients received prescriptions from 9 classes of psychotropic medications at any point during the study period was determined. We used χ² analyses and independent sample t tests to examine the relationship between receiving a psychotropic prescription and various patient characteristics. Results The study cohort included 108 patients (mean [SD] age = 12.8 [3.3] years). In this group, 73.1% received pharmacotherapy on at least 1 occasion over the 5-year period, and 41.7% received medications from more than 1 class. Of those who received a prescription, 50% (27/54) of patients remained on medication for 5 years. This estimate rose to 71% (5/7) within the subset of patients who were medication-naive at the beginning of the observation period and were still in high school during year 5. Conclusions Guidelines implying discontinuation of medication after symptom remission and a limited period of stability do not accurately reflect clinical practice.
Final results from the Palo Verde neutrino oscillation experiment

The Palo Verde neutrino oscillation experiment, located at 750 and 890 m distance from the three reactors of the Palo Verde nuclear generating station, has collected data for a total of 350 days, 108 days with one of the reactors off for refueling. The neutrino signal and background were determined in two independent ways. The observed ve-flux is consistent with the absence of neutrino oscillations, ve α vx oscillations are excluded, at the 90% c.l., for Δm2 > 1.1 · 10ṫ eV2, at full mixing, and sin2θ < 0.17 at large Δm2. The experiment has been concluded, the detector dismantled.
ATYPICAL RECURRENCE OF PARATHYROID CARCINOMA FOLLOWING INFLIXIMAB THERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

ABSTRACT Objective: Parathyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a high rate of recurrence, which typically occurs within 5 years of diagnosis involving locoregional sites. Immunosuppressive therapies pose a th...
Acute appendicitis within a robotic port-site hernia: a case report.

Trocar-site hernias are uncommon complications of minimally invasive surgery. The potential for incarceration or strangulation of intra-abdominal contents within trocar-site hernias can lead to major morbidity. We present a case of acute, strangulated appendicitis within a right lower quadrant 8 mm robotic trocar site following robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We additionally perform a brief review of the literature regarding the optimal approach to trocar-site closure.
A finite element model for seismic response analysis of free-standing rocking columns with vertical dampers

This paper investigates finite-element modeling of a vertically damped free-standing rocking column. The paper first derives the nonlinear equation of motion for the coupled system and then compares the analytical solution with finite-element model. Finite-element model is being produced using open source framework named OpenSees. The rocking surface is modeled using zero-length fiber cross-section element and the dampers are modeled with two node link elements. In order to simulate energy dissipation during the rocking motion Hilber-Hughes-Taylor numerical dissipative time step integration is being adopted. The paper also compares two types of hysteretic and viscous damping devices and it shows that the viscous damping behavior is favorable when it is used along with a rocking block. The results of analytical model of a rigid block with viscous dampers in MATLAB is then compared with OpenSees model and the paper concludes that the finite-element model compares satisfactory with the analytical model.
Planning Strategically for Small Libraries

Strategic planning is important for small theological libraries. Strategic planning allows libraries to identify goals and succeed in completing them. Unfortunately, there is often very limited staff time at small libraries, so librarians default to simply “doing” rather than planning. The presenters discussed some of the background of strategic planning and emphasized the importance of purpose statements and strategic plans for accreditation and evaluation. They also identified barriers to planning in their own libraries and offered practical advice for working on strategic plans with limited time and resources. Additionally, they emphasized the value of thinking strategically, which may be even more important than creating and executing a detailed strategic plan.
Attitudes toward pharmacy‐based HCV/HIV testing among people who use drugs in rural Kentucky

PURPOSE Rural areas of the United States have experienced outbreaks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among people who use drugs (PWUD). Pharmacy-based interventions may play a crucial role in prevention and entry into care, especially when traditional health care access is limited. The willingness of rural PWUD to use pharmacies for HIV/HCV-related services remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors associated with the perceived likelihood of participating in free pharmacy-based HIV and HCV testing among PWUD living in rural Kentucky. METHODS Baseline data from the CARE2HOPE study in five Appalachian counties in eastern Kentucky were used. Participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling and completed interviewer-administered surveys. Guided by the Andersen and Newman Framework of Health Services Utilization, we examined distributions and correlates of items regarding willingness to participate in free pharmacy-based HIV/HCV testing using logistic regression. Analyses included individuals who reported being HIV (N = 304) or HCV (N = 185) negative. FINDINGS Seventy-five percent of PWUD reported being "very likely" to participate in free pharmacy-based HIV testing and 80% for HCV testing. Two factors were associated with being less willing to participate in free HIV testing: PWUD who previously tested for HIV (OR: 0.47, CI: 0.25-0.88) and PWUD who obtained a high school diploma or equivalent compared to those who completed less (OR: 0.50, CI: 0.26-0.99). CONCLUSION Free pharmacy-based HIV and HCV testing was invariably acceptable among most of the rural PWUD in our sample, suggesting that pharmacies might be acceptable testing venues for this population.
Paget's Disease of Bone

Paget's disease of bone was first described by Sir James Paget in 1877 as osteitis deformans, a chronic focal skeletal disease that can be monostotic or polyostotic. Paget's disease is the second most common metabolic bone disease and affects between 2 and 3% of the population over the age of 60. The disease is associated with deformity and enlargement of single or multiple bones, among which the skull, clavicles, long bones, and vertebral bodies are the most frequently involved. Patients with Paget's disease are frequently asymptomatic, but approximately 10 to 15% of the patients have severe symptoms including bone pain, fractures, neurological complications due to spinal cord compression, deafness, and dental abnormalities. Paget's disease is a highly localized disease and new lesions rarely develop during the course of the disease. Rather, lesions continue to progress in size unless treated. The primary pathologic abnormality in patients with Paget's disease is increased bone resorption, followed by abundant new bone formation. The bone that is formed is disorganized and of poor quality, resulting in bowing of the bone, stress fractures, and arthritis in joints contiguous to the involved bones. Another interesting feature of Paget's disease is that bones not clinically involved with Paget's disease appear to show increased bone remodeling. This increased bone remodeling in unaffected bones has been ascribed to secondary hyperparathyroidism rather than to subclinical involvement of the bones with Paget's disease. However, less than 20% of patients with Paget's disease have elevated parathyroid hormone levels. A juvenile form of Paget's disease, also called hyperostosis corticalis deformans juvenilis or hereditary hyperphosphatasia, is very different than the adult form of the disease. It is characterized by widespread involvement of the skeleton and has histological and radiological features that distinguish it from Paget's disease of the adults, including the absence of viral-like nuclear inclusions in osteoclasts present in the bone microenvironment.
Biomechanics and Kinematic Responses of the Upper Extremity during Isotonic and Isokinetic Wrench-Turning Tasks

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of using a wrench under isotonic constant torque and isokinetic constant speed task modes TM at three work surface inclinations WSI 0i¾?, 45i¾?, and 90i¾? on the biomechanical muscle activity and kinematic joint posture responses of the upper extremity. The muscle activity of seven muscles trapezius posterior deltoid, anterior deltoid, triceps, biceps, brachioradialis, and flexor digitorium and posture of four body segments shoulder adduction/abduction, elbow flexion/extension, forearm supination/pronation and wrist flexion/extension were obtained using surface electromyography and motion tracking, respectively. WSI showed a statistically significant effect on the muscle activity of the posterior deltoid p = .038, triceps p = .016, and biceps p = .021. The least muscle activity was recorded at the 0i¾? WSI in the isotonic TM. WSI had a significant impact on the supination p = .017 and pronation p = .011 of the forearm. The 45i¾? WSI had the least impact on forearm postures. Wrenches are widely used in industries, including automobile service and maintenance, manufacturing, carpentry, and general repair work. Their usage poses risks for the development of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremity. In spite of this, knowledge of their physical demands and associated impact on the upper extremity has not been well documented. This study provides empirical evidence on the biomechanical and kinematic responses of selected upper extremity muscles and limb segments and highlights task performance and workstation design factors that elicit undue levels of these responses. The results of this work can provide guidance for ergonomic interventions such as optimized task design and/or improved workstation design when it comes to wrench-turning tasks.
Still Glued to the Box? Television Viewing Explained in a Multi-Platform Age Integrating Individual and Situational Predictors

This study examines the factors that influence time spent with different genres of television content in the contemporary media environment. An integrated framework of television use, incorporating both situational and individual determinants, is tested on data obtained by observing the cross-platform media use of 495 individuals in the United States. The findings indicate that even in this high-choice media environment, situational factors such as availability and group viewing moderate the roles of individual traits and needs. In addition, the study reveals the complementary relationship between entertainment and news, and the substitution of these genres on live television by time-shifted television.
Connecting AAC devices to the world of information technology.

Modern day information technology (IT) is converging around wireless networks. It is now possible to check E-mail and view information from the World Wide Web from commercially available mobile phones. For individuals with disabilities, the ability to access multiple and different types of information not only promises convenience, but also can help to promote independence and facilitate access to public and private information systems. There are many barriers to access for people with disabilities, including technological hurdles, security, privacy, and access to these emerging wireless technologies. However, legislation, advocacy, standards, and research and development can ensure that users of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and assistive technology have access to these technologies. This article provides a historical context for the field of AAC and IT development, a review of the current state of these technologies, a glimpse of the potential of wireless information access for the li...
Learning pedestrian models for silhouette refinement

We present a model-based method for accurate extraction of pedestrian silhouettes from video sequences. Our approach is based on two assumptions, 1) there is a common appearance to all pedestrians, and 2) each individual looks like him/herself over a short amount of time. These assumptions allow us to learn pedestrian models that encompass both a pedestrian population appearance and the individual appearance variations. Using our models, we are able to produce pedestrian silhouettes that have fewer noise pixels and missing parts. We apply our silhouette extraction approach to the NIST gait data set and show that under the gait recognition task, our model-based silhouettes result in much higher recognition rates than silhouettes directly extracted from background subtraction, or any nonmodel-based smoothing schemes.
A rapid filtration apparatus for harvesting cells under controlled conditions for use in genome-wide temporal profiling studies

Gene expression can respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions. To effectively monitor these responses, we built a filtration apparatus that allows for the rapid harvesting and processing of moderate volumes of yeast cells under controlled atmospheric conditions (e.g., anaerobic conditions). Harvesting by filtration offers several advantages over that by centrifugation, especially when rapid, repeated sampling of dilute cultures is required. A number of different filter membranes, including cellulose acetate, mixed esters of cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polycarbonate, and polyvinylidene fluoride, were assayed for harvest efficiency and the quality of RNA obtained by hot-phenol extraction from cells directly adhering to the membranes. To determine the suitability of the RNA for microarray analyses, we quantified both cDNA yield from reverse transcription and the indirect coupling of Cyan dyes. In general, filtration times, cell yields, and RNA quality were similar among the filters examined, although some media components (e.g., antifoam) can cause fouling of smaller-pore-sized filters. Thus, choice of a membrane will depend on the particular medium, ease of filter handling, or on other experimental considerations. We routinely use this filtration apparatus with Osmonics 1.2 μm cellulose acetate filters for isolating RNA for genome-wide temporal profiling analyses.
Electromagnetic Interference and Implanted Cardiac Devices: The Nonmedical Environment (Part I)

Electromagnetic interference produced by medical equipment can interact with implanted cardiac devices such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. The most commonly observed interaction is in the operating room with electrosurgery. The risk of interactions can often be mitigated by close communication between the cardiac-device specialist and the anesthesiology/surgical team to develop a patient-specific strategy that accounts for factors such as type of device, type of surgery, and whether the patient is pacemaker dependent. Although magnetic resonance imaging should generally not be used in patients with implanted cardiac devices, several published guidelines provide strategies and recommendations for managing risks if magnetic resonance imaging is required with no suitable diagnostic alternatives. Other common sources of electromagnetic interference in the medical environment are ionizing radiation and left ventricular assist devices.
Determination of the Production and Metabolic Clearance Rates of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the Pregnant Sheep and its Chronically Catheterized Fetus by Primed Infusion Technique

Because little is known regarding the determinants of plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3), or its fate in the fetus, we used a primed infusion technique, using physiologic amounts of high specific activity 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 to study the in vivo production rate (PR) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of 1,25(OH)2D3 in chronically catheterized maternal and fetal sheep during the last month of gestation (term = 145 d). The fetal MCR of 1,25(OH)2D3 was calculated at steady state, achieved within 2 h, and was found to be 2.53 +/- 0.19 mL/min (mean +/- SEM) compared to the maternal value of 15.9 +/- 0.94 mL/min. When expressed on a body wt basis, the fetal MCR of 1.22 +/- 0.09 mL/min/kg was more than 4-fold higher than the corresponding maternal value of 0.27 +/- 0.02 mL/min/kg. Measurement of endogenous plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 by RIA revealed mean fetal values of 89 +/- 10 pg/mL compared to the maternal value of 65 +/- 9 pg/mL. Fetal daily PR of 0.33 +/- 0.024 micrograms/d was 22% of the maternal PR of 1.49 +/- 0.11 micrograms/d. However, calculation of PR on a body wt basis revealed a fetal value of 0.159 +/- 0.012 micrograms/d/kg that was more than 6-fold higher than the maternal value of 0.025 +/- 0.002 micrograms/d/kg. Thus, fetal plasma concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 are sustained in the face of a high clearance rate of the hormone. The high MCR may be related to the high in vivo circulating concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3, fetal to maternal placental transfer or target tissue uptake. In view of the high turnover of 1,25(OH)2D3, we suggest that this hormone has a biologic importance that warrants further investigation.
Engineering an artful and ethical solution to the problem of global warming.

The idea of geoengineering, or the intentional modification of the Earth’s atmosphere to reverse the global warming trend, has entered a working theory stage, finding expression in a variety of proposed projects, such as launching reflective materials into the Earth’s atmosphere, positioning sunshades over the planet’s surface, depositing iron filings into the oceans to encourage phytoplankton blooms, and planting more trees, to name only a few. However, geoengineering might not be as promising a solution to the problem of global warming as its advocates claim. Many scientists, policy makers, and ethicists still dismiss the option as infeasible and too risky given the immense scale at which most geoengineering projects must be instituted and the catastrophic consequences that could, in all likelihood, result. The thesis of this article is that geoengineering should not be so easily dismissed in policy debates concerning how to mitigate the anthropogenic emissions of global greenhouse gases. My plan is to investigate the desirability of the geoengineering option for addressing global climate change in terms of its capacity to overcome collective action issues, to accommodate ethical norms, and to provide an artful, or creative, response to the problem. In the first section, a general picture of the global warming problem and the particulars of some proposed geoengineering projects are laid out. The second section frames the issue as a collective action problem that demands an innovative approach to coordinating individual and group action. In the third section, I reveal six ethical quandaries that emerge in global climate change debates and how they complicate any attempts to ameliorate or resolve the problem. The penultimate section shows how the ideas and activism of two twentieth-century titans in philosophy and ecology—John Dewey and Aldo Leopold, respectively— might be combined to address the problem of global warming through artful inquiry and the adoption of an Earth ethic. Finally, I conclude by arguing that a fundamental shift in perspective must occur if we are to take intentional climate change seriously as a possible, even if a second-best, tool in the environmentalist’s tool kit.
Excuses in the making: A test and extension of Darley and Goethals' attributional model

Abstract Darley and Goethals' (1980) attributional model holds that (a) excuses can be meaningfully grouped into the attributional categories of power, motivation, and task-difficulty and (b) that within each category, excuses vary in the extent to which they are short- or long-term. The present research examined the use of these types of excuses following performance on a college examination and the relation between these excuses and affect among poor performers. Not surprisingly, individuals who performed poorly made more excuses than did individuals who performed well. More importantly, for poor performers who were dissatisfied with their performance, excuses based on power or task-difficulty factors were associated with greater negative affect. Pilot work indicated that these excuses were perceived to be moderate or low in controllability. On the other hand, for poor performers who were not dissatisfied with their performance, excuses based on highly controllable factors (i.e., motivation) were associated with lower negative affect and greater positive affect. These findings both support Darley and Goethals' model and suggest useful directions for further examination of excuse-affect relationships.
Credit and Classification: The Impact of Industry Boundaries in Nineteenth-Century America

In this article, we examine how issues of multi-category membership (hybridity) were handled during the evolution of one of the first general systems of industrial classification in the United Stat...
A transferable force-field for out-of-plane vibrations of chlorinated benzenes

Abstract A twenty-three parameter force-field is found to reproduce 176 observed out-of-plane fundamentals of benzene and chlorinated benzenes to within 15 cm−1 with an average error of 3.5 cm−1. The force-constants which overlap the benzene molecule agree with the accepted Miller—Crawford values. The diagonal constants for CH bend and CCl bend decrease with substitution at adjacent ring positions and the CCCC torsion constant increases with substitution at the central CC bond. The values of o, m and p interaction constants between γCX (X  H, Cl) coordinates are found to deviate only slightly from those found for benzene. Inconsistencies were uncovered in the vibrational assignments of o-C6D4Cl2, C6D5Cl and 1,2,3,4-C6H2Cl4; certain fundamentals in these molecules are reassigned.
Religion, spirituality and the well-being of informal caregivers: a review, critique, and research prospectus.

The purpose of this article is to review and critique the published literature examining the relationships between religion/spirituality and caregiver well-being and to provide directions for future research. A systematic search was conducted using bibliographic databases, reference sections of articles, and by contacting experts in the field. Articles were reviewed for measurement, theoretical, and design limitations. Eighty-three studies were retrieved. Research on religion/spirituality and caregiver well-being is a burgeoning area of investigation; 37% of the articles were published in the last five years. Evidence for the effects of religion/spirituality were unclear; the preponderance (n = 71, 86%) of studies found no or a mixed association (i.e., a combination of positive, negative, or non-significant results) between religion/spirituality and well-being. These ambiguous results are a reflection of the multidimensionality of religion/spirituality and the diversity of well-being outcomes examined. Th...
Verapamil-induced retrograde conduction block in a concealed atrioventricular bypass tract

Abstract Reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) using a concealed bypass tract is a relatively common cause of narrow QRS complex tachycardia, accounting for 15 to 30% of cases in patients without evidence of preexcitation on the surface electrocardiogram. 1 The slow channel-blocking agent, verapamil, has been effective in the termination of such tachyarrhythmias, primarily through its actions on the atrioventricular node, with little effect on accessory atrioventricular (AV) pathways. 2–4 This report describes a patient with refractory SVT and a left-sided concealed bypass tract, in whom intravenous verapamil caused retrograde conduction block in the bypass tract.
A nucleolus-associated coiled body.

One or two threadlike structures frequently have been observed attached to nucleoli in facial motor neurons of the golden hamster. These round-to-oval structures, called ‘coiled bodies’, were seen at 15, 19, and 24 days postnatal and in the adult, both in normal neurons and in chromatolytic neurons which had been axotomized 4 days previously. With one exception, the coiled bodies were seen to be attached via fibrillar material to the nucleolar periphery. Although the numbers of coiled bodies may be altered during neuronal maturation and as a result of axon section, the bodies revealed no structural alterations that could be attributed to developmental age or to experimental trauma.
The Relationship of Body Size and Adiposity to Source of Self-Esteem in College Women

Background Studies looking at self-esteem and body size or adiposity generally demonstrate a negative relationship. However, the relationship between the source of self-esteem and body size has not been examined in college women. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of body size and adiposity to source of self-esteem (achievement or self-acceptance) in young adult women. Methods Participants were healthy women between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Participants completed the Worth Index to determine source of self-esteem. Body height and weight were measured and body composition was assessed by the BOD POD. Results One hundred fifty-eight college women completed the study. Source of self-esteem was primarily self-acceptance. Achievement self-esteem in appearance was positively correlated to percentage body fat (P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI) was negatively related to self-acceptance self-esteem in appearance and performance (P < 0.05). Global self-esteem was significantly low...
Solidification sensing for closed loop control of injection molding hold time

Hold time for injection molding is currently controlled open loop, using a fixed time delay set by the machine operator. Insufficient hold time leads to inconsistent moldings, while excessive hold time increases the cost of the part. We have developed new sensors that monitor the solidification of polymer in the mold. A closed loop strategy is demonstrated where the hold time is automatically controlled based on feedback from a solidification sensor. Using this strategy, the hold time is set once in reference to the sensor signal, providing the minimum proper hold time for each part under changing processing conditions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Demo: IIO Blocks for GNU Radio

The Industrial Input / Output (IIO) framework has been in the upstream Linux kernels since 2011, and is responsible for handling sensors, converters, integrated transceivers and other real-world I/O devices. It provides a hardware abstraction layer with a consistent API for the user space applications. As of today, the IIO framework consists of approximatively 200 drivers, of which many handle multiple devices. It supports discrete components as well as integrated transceivers like the Analog Devices AD9361, a 2 x 2 RF Agile Transceiver, found in many SDR products.Recently, Analog Devices created several new blocks for GnuRadio that can be used to stream samples from and to high-speed IIO devices. Adding a few signal processing blocks, it becomes very easy to create complex applications such as LTE or IEEE 802.11g OFDM receivers, radar processing, or just simple applications like wide-band FM transceivers.This demo will focus on presenting the IIO blocks for GnuRadio; how they can be used, their functionalities, the controls they provide over the hardware. For this purpose, the demo will be a GnuRadio flowgraph that corresponds to a IEEE 802.11g (WiFi) packet sniffer, which has the advantage of showing a real-world use case of a fast (20 MHz sample rate) software defined radio application, while remaining relatively simple with only a handful of blocks.
Time and Emergence in the Evolutionary Epic, Naturalistic Theology, and J.T. Fraser’s Hierarchical Theory of Time

Abstract This paper provides a general overview of emergence, and then examines the role emergence plays in different areas of science and theology, including big history or the evolutionary epic, religious and theistic naturalism. Critical remarks on the notions of time expressed in these discourses are also provided. The paper then assesses J.T. Fraser’s hierarchical theory of time in relation to emergence, and adduces the position Fraser would take with respect to emergence. Finally, the paper concludes with a playful coda from the standpoint of a man of letters, for whom letters have an elemental importance.
Making the business case for process safety using value-at-risk concepts

An increasing emphasis on chemical process safety over the last two decades has led to the development and application of powerful risk assessment tools. Hazard analysis and risk evaluation techniques have developed to the point where quantitatively meaningful risks can be calculated for processes and plants. However, the results are typically presented in semi-quantitative “ranked list” or “categorical matrix” formats, which are certainly useful but not optimal for making business decisions. A relatively new technique for performing valuation under uncertainty, value at risk (VaR), has been developed in the financial world. VaR is a method of evaluating the probability of a gain or loss by a complex venture, by examining the stochastic behavior of its components. We believe that combining quantitative risk assessment techniques with VaR concepts will bridge the gap between engineers and scientists who determine process risk and business leaders and policy makers who evaluate, manage, or regulate risk. We present a few basic examples of the application of VaR to hazard analysis in the chemical process industry.
Sensor attack detection in the presence of transient faults

This paper addresses the problem of detection and identification of sensor attacks in the presence of transient faults. We consider a system with multiple sensors measuring the same physical variable, where some sensors might be under attack and provide malicious values. We consider a setup, in which each sensor provides the controller with an interval of possible values for the true value. While approaches exist for detecting malicious sensor attacks, they are conservative in that they treat attacks and faults in the same way, thus neglecting the fact that sensors may provide faulty measurements at times due to temporary disturbances (e.g., a tunnel for GPS). To address this problem, we propose a transient fault model for each sensor and an algorithm designed to detect and identify attacks in the presence of transient faults. The fault model consists of three aspects: the size of the sensor's interval (1) and an upper bound on the number of errors (2) allowed in a given window size (3). Given such a model for each sensor, the algorithm uses pairwise inconsistencies between sensors to detect and identify attacks. In addition to the algorithm, we provide a framework for selecting a fault model for each sensor based on training data. Finally, we validate the algorithm's performance on real measurement data obtained from an unmanned ground vehicle.
Intermolecular interactions dictating adhesion between ZnO and graphite

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) was recently demonstrated to strongly adhere to both pristine graphitic surfaces and oxidized surfaces; however, the bonding interaction between the two is unknown and has yet to be investigated. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) liftoff in the dry state was performed with a ZnO coated AFM tip on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) such that the bonding interaction can be identified and used to design high strength interfaces. It is found that the ZnO film on the AFM tip becomes negatively charged after contacting an oxygen plasma treated HOPG surface, and once charged can strongly interact with other surfaces such as pristine HOPG through induced polarization to create high adhesive energy.