cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of alcohol-induced and independent depression in alcoholics with histories of suicide attempts.

Objective: Alcohol-dependent men and women are at high risk for two types of major depressive episodes and for suicide attempts. The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of two groups: (1) alcohol-dependent subjects with histories of suicide attempts and independent mood disorders and (2) a similar population of alcoholics with histories of self harm but who have only experienced alcohol-induced depressions. Method: As part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), semistructured detailed interviews were administered to 371 alcohol-dependent individuals (62% women) with histories of suicide attempts and major mood disorders. Of the total, 145 (39.1%) had ever had an independent depressive episode and 226 (60.9%) had experienced only alcohol-induced depressions. Information was obtained about socioeconomic characteristics, suicidal behavior, independent and induced psychiatric conditions, and aspects of alcohol dependence. Results: Univariate and multivariate compariso...
Inversion Of Imaging Spectrometry Data Using Singular Value Decomposition

The use of imaging spectrometers, which acquire data that are both spectrally contiguous images and spatially contiguous spectra, for quantitative remote sensing of the earth is addressed. Such data sets cannot be analyzed fully using either existing spectroscopic or image techniques. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used here for spectral unmixing and determination of the spatial scales of mixing. It is shown that when it is used to invert the mixing endmember library, SVD allows more insight into library characteristics and more control of the inversion process than other commonly used matrix inversion techniques.
A technique for low transmit sidelobes in active phases arrays

A technique for obtaining low transmit sidelobes for active phased arrays that use solid-state transmit/receive modules for amplitude and phase control at each radiating element is described. The low sidelobes are obtained by a combination of limited control of module output power and statistical thinning. The advantage of the technique is that the sidelobes are controlled electronically on a digital basis and the array employs identical T/R (transmit/receive) modules, eliminating the need for different voltage levels or modules with different output power levels. This technique further allows the array to provide low or uniform sidelobes depending on the need. >
Performance analysis of an all digital BPSK demodulator

A simulation algorithm was developed to analyze the performance of the binary phase shift key (BPSK) Costas loop coupled to the symbol sync loop (SSL). This algorithm was developed using COMDISCO's Signal Processing Work System. Inputs to the algorithm included the signal parameters and receiver specifications, such as Costas and symbol sync loop bandwidths and update rates. The analysis was performed for various signal-to-noise ratios and loop parameters. The bit-error rate (BER), the SSL, Costas loop tracking variances, and the receiver acquisition time results include the two-way coupling effects between the Costas loop and the symbol sync loop. To provide statistical stability, final results were generated by averaging the simulation outputs; using various random noise seeds, initial carrier phases, and symbol timings. The tracking variance and BER results were further compared to their theoretical and experimental counterparts. This comparison has shown that simulation results are within 0.25 dB of their theoretical and experimental counterparts. Based on these results, the simulation models can be used for predicting the demodulator's performance under various tracking conditions. >
LiDAR-Assisted identification of an active fault near Truckee, California

Abstract We use high-resolution (1.5–2.4 points/m 2 ) bare-earth airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) imagery to identify, map, constrain, and visualize fault-related geomorphology in densely vegetated terrain surrounding Martis Creek Dam near Truckee, California. Bare-earth LiDAR imagery reveals a previously unrecognized and apparently youthful right-lateral strike-slip fault that exhibits laterally continuous tectonic geomorphic features over a 35-km-long zone. If these interpretations are correct, the fault, herein named the Polaris fault, may represent a significant seismic hazard to the greater Truckee–Lake Tahoe and Reno–Carson City regions. Three-dimensional modeling of an offset late Quaternary terrace riser indicates a minimum tectonic slip rate of 0.4±0.1 mm/yr. Mapped fault patterns are fairly typical of regional patterns elsewhere in the northern Walker Lane and are in strong coherence with moderate magnitude historical seismicity of the immediate area, as well as the current regional stress regime. Based on a range of surface-rupture lengths and depths to the base of the seismogenic zone, we estimate a maximum earthquake magnitude ( M ) for the Polaris fault to be between 6.4 and 6.9.
Determination of thermodynamic properties with optical cross-correlation methods.

Remote sensing cross-beam cross correlation methods of determining spatially resolved average thermodynamic properties
Results of Endovascular Mesenteric Revascularization

The treatment of chronic visceral ischemia has improved dramatically over the past 50 years. Earlier recognition of the symptoms has helped in the diagnosis, and treatment until the late twentieth century remained open surgical revascularization. However, balloon angioplasty and stenting have superseded this due to the minimal invasiveness and improved outcomes. Technical advances in the devices and endovascular technique refinements continue to decrease the number of re-interventions.
Equilibrium Vs. Activation Control of Large-Scale Variations of Tropical Deep Convection

What processes control large-scale variations of deep convection (LSVDC) in the tropics? Here ‘large-scale’ is taken to mean any coherent variations, in either space or time, comprised of statistical populations of separate convective cloud systems. This essay highlights the distinction between processes which supply moisture or available energy over the depth of the convecting layer (equilibrium control), versus inhibition and initiation processes at low levels (activation control), as hypotheses for explaining LSVDC.
What Ails Victimology

This investigation presents arguments which support and oppose the media coverage of juvenile proceedings. Various aspects such as confidentiality and public safety are identified as viable explanations. In an attempt to remedy this debate, a proposal is offered which suggest a combined approach.
Small Deviations: Vertical, Horizontal, and Combined

Introduction and purpose Symptomatic, small-angle strabismus is largely an acquired problem of adults that has previously been managed with prism spectacles. This paper will explore surgical options that are becoming increasingly popular. Methods The special issues that confound surgical treatment of small-angle strabismus are considered. Surgical procedures described in the literature and in the author's experience that address these issues are reviewed. Results Several recently described surgical techniques show promise for treatment of small-angle strabismus in adults. Their use is illustrated in a case report. Review of the author's practice shows a rapid increase in surgery for small-angle strabismus. Conclusions Surgical strategies for small deviations are increasingly important to meet the spectacle-free expectations of our adult patients.
Probing attention prioritization during dual-task step initiation: a novel method

The present study investigated the attention allocation during reactive stepping using a continuous finger-tapping task. Ten healthy young subjects were recruited to participate in this study. Subjects were required to perform a rapid voluntary step with either left or right leg after hearing an auditory tone while tapping their right index finger on a handhold numeric keypad. Step initiation conditions included simple and choice reaction forward stepping with three variants of continuous tapping task that were: (1) single task--no concurrent finger-tapping task; (2) dual task easy--one-button tapping task; (3) dual task hard--four-button tapping task. Types of anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) were determined by the center of pressure trajectory. Reaction time, APA duration, and stepping latency were compared between APA types and various dual-task conditions. Wavelet analysis was performed on the stimulus-locked finger-tapping data to determine the frequency change of tapping speed related to reactive stepping. Results showed that postural performance was negatively affected only by the high-attention-demanding cognitive task. Significant reduction of finger-tapping speed post-stimulus presentation was observed across all test conditions, indicating attention shift during the execution of a step. In addition, the DTH condition induced early postural prioritization in choice reaction stepping when different motor programs needed to be planned and executed. Error APA also triggered larger deterioration of tapping performance compared to correct APA, indicating the perceived error and the remedial action require additional attentional resources.
Best Density and Structure for Uneven-Aged Northern Hardwood Management in New England

Choice of the best residual density (basal area per acre) and structure (diameter distribution) for uneven-aged management of northern hardwoods is a complex decision that depends on the manager's decision rules, product objectives, site conditions, and-perhaps most important-current stand conditions. In contrast to other recommendations on residual density and structure, growth information from a study in New Hampshire shows that a residual basal area of 60-80frz/ac coupled with a sawtimber basal area as low as 25- 35ft2/ac (equivalent to a q-ratio of 1.5-2.0) may result in adequate 10 yr board-foot growth responses in previously unmanaged stands on mediocre northern hardwood sites. North. J. Appl. For. 20(1):43-44.
F107-binding immunoassay detects porcine intestinal receptors for F107 fimbriae of Escherichia coli.

Edema disease in weaned pigs is a degenerative angiopathy caused by Shiga-like toxin II variant-producing E. coli. F107 is the fimbrial adhesion that facilitates adherence to specific receptors in the pig’s small intestine (Bertschinger et al., 1990). Pigs lacking receptors are not colonized by F107+ E. coli and are resistant to edema disease (Bertschinger et al., 1993). The porcine gene that controls resistance or susceptibility to colonization is on chromosome 6 (Voegeli et al., 1993). However, the F107 receptor has not been identified. The objective of this study was to develop an F107-binding immunoassay (F107BIA), based on the 987P receptor assay (Dean, 1990), to detect binding of F107 to small-intestinal brush borders. This assay will facilitate the identification and characterization of F107 receptors.
Performance of AGR-1 High-Temperature Reactor Fuel During Post-Irradiation Heating Tests

The fission product retention of irradiated low-enriched uranium oxide/uranium carbide tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) fuel compacts from the Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor 1 (AGR-1) experiment has been evaluated at temperatures of 1600–1800 °C during post-irradiation safety tests. Fourteen compacts (a total of ~58,000 particles) with a burnup ranging from 13.4% to 19.1% fissions per initial metal atom (FIMA) have been tested using dedicated furnace systems at Idaho National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The release of fission products 110mAg, 134Cs, 137Cs, 154Eu, 155Eu, 90Sr, and 85Kr was monitored while heating the fuel specimens in flowing helium. The behavior of silver, europium, and strontium appears to be dominated by inventory that was originally released through intact SiC coating layers during irradiation, but was retained in the compact at the end of irradiation and subsequently released during the safety tests. However, at a test temperature of 1800 °C, the data suggest that release of these elements through intact coatings may become significant after ~100 h. Cesium was very well retained by intact SiC layers, with a fractional release <5 × 10–6 after 300 h at 1600 °C or 100 h at 1800 °C. However, it was rapidly released from individual particles if themore » SiC layer failed, and therefore the overall cesium release fraction was dominated by the SiC defect and failure fractions in the fuel compacts. No complete TRISO coating layer failures were observed after 300 h at 1600 or 1700 °C, and 85Kr release was very low during the tests (particles with failed SiC, but intact outer pyrocarbon, retained most of their krypton). Krypton release from TRISO failures was only observed after ~210 h at 1800 °C in one compact. As a result, post-safety-test examination of fuel compacts and particles has focused on identifying specific particles from each compact with notable fission product release and detailed analysis of the coating layers to understand particle behavior.« less
Commentary: Developmental stages of forensic psychiatry fellowship training - From theoretical underpinnings to assessment outcomes

Dr. Pinals' paper provides an excellent foundation for studying the developmental process of forensic psychiatry fellows during their training year. She proposes three stages: (1) transformation, (2) growth of confidence and adaptation, and (3) identification and realization. This commentary compares Dr. Pinals' proposed developmental stages to Margaret Mahler's theory of infant development and to Dr. Lev Vygotsky's social learning theory. Assessment methods to evaluate core competencies suggested by the American Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) are reviewed. A potential survey of forensic psychiatry fellowship program directors to validate Dr. Pinals' proposed developmental model is described.
Screening for fatigue in adolescent and young adult pediatric brain tumor survivors: accuracy of a single-item screening measure.

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most commonly reported and distressing symptoms experienced by adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. While national guidelines have recommended screening for CRF during routine follow-up appointments, the validity of using a one-item screening measure for fatigue has not been examined with AYA brain tumor survivors. The purpose of this study is to assess how well a single-item fatigue screen could identify clinically significant fatigue in childhood brain tumor survivors. A single-item measure, the Fatigue Thermometer (FT), was compared with a more in-depth measure, the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), in a cohort of AYA pediatric brain tumor survivors. One hundred and forty-two survivors (aged 12–32 years) completed the two instruments. Forty-two survivors were identified on the MFS as having clinically significant fatigue, but the FT was not found to be an accurate tool for identifying these cases. Although receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of FT ratings against the MFS criterion indicated good concordance between measures, no cutoff score on the FT was identified that resulted in acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Results from this study suggest that a single-item screening measure for fatigue is not able to reliably identify clinically significant fatigue in AYA brain tumor survivors.
Seismoelectric conversion generated from water-oil boundary in unsaturated porous media

Summary Seismoelectric method is an active geophysical method that measures electromagnetic disturbances associated with the conversion of hydromechanical to electromagnetic energy at macroscopic interfaces characterized by variation in the electrical, hydraulic, and/or mechanical properties. The seismoelectric method has the potential to be used to detect change in saturation during water flushing (injection) of an oil contaminated aquifer and more importantly to track the position of the oil-water encroachment front. The simulated seismoelectric data shows both a strong seismoelectric conversion associated with the oil water interface and a coseismic signal associated with the arrival of the seismic waves in the second well.
Tumor embolus as a cause of death during pneumonectomy.

A case of intraoperative death during pneumonectomy due to tumor embolus is reported. The recognition of this possibility and its prevention by means of a double-lumen endobronchial tube is emphasized.
Packaging and the Environment: a Discussion of the Issues

Solid waste disposal is an evergrowing problem for the United States and packaging is emerging as a focal point to reverse this trend. The paper discusses: 1. Scope and characteristics of the solid waste disposal problem with emphasis on packaging’ contribution to the solid waste stream; 2. Proposal of a normative model identifying elements and stakeholders concerned with solid waste and packaging disposal; 3. The issues surrounding packaging disposal with implications for marketing.
Reviewer Awards and Acknowledgments

We acknowledge and thank the following individuals for serving as peer reviewers for Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology during the period of June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016. We acknowledge your central role in the academic mission of radiology, and your contribution to peer review is critical to the health of radiology as a scholarly field. Your knowledge, dedication, and hard work truly enable us to produce such a high-quality journal for the radiology community.
Competence-based Education in the United States

Competence-based education in the United States has evolved over time. Rooted in philosophy of education and the need for practical education, competence-based education expanded throughout the last 100 years, appearing in various forms until the term and concept became a reality in the 1960s. In the United States, the original term of “competence-based education” has evolved into “competency-based education.” While the wording is slightly different, the meaning and concept are the same. As the education system in the United States evolved in the late nineteenth century, high schools took on the challenge of preparing students for the world of work as well as society through helping them achieve competence through developing prescribed competencies. This chapter will use the current US term of competency-based education.
Warfarin genotyping with hybridization-induced aggregation on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) microdevice

Warfarin, a commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant, is burdened by a narrow therapeutic index and high inter-individual variability in response, making it the second leading cause of drug-related emergency room visits. Since genetic factors contribute significantly to warfarin sensitivity, a genotype-guided dosing strategy may reduce the occurrence of adverse events. While numerous methods have been demonstrated for warfarin genotyping, the specifications of most assays with respect to turnaround time and cost are not ideal for routine testing. Here, we present a unique method for warfarin genotyping based on multiplex PCR coupled with Hybridization-induced Aggregation (HIA), a bead-based technique for sequence-specific detection. A multiplex allele-specific PCR reaction was used to generate products corresponding to 3 genetic variants associated with warfarin sensitivity [CYP2C9 *2, CYP2C9 *3, and VKORC1 (1173C>T)] and an internal control product. The products were detected simultaneously on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PeT) microdevice using HIA, which provided genotyping results in approximately 15 minutes following PCR. The genotyping results of 23 patient DNA samples using this approach were in 100% concordance with the results of a validated test (WARFGENO test, ARUP laboratories). Additionally, the PCR reaction was successfully transferred to a PeT chip, which provided accurate genotyping results from patient DNA samples in under an hour. This work demonstrates a simple, rapid, and affordable approach to warfarin genotyping based on multiplex allele-specific PCR coupled with HIA detection. By demonstrating both chemistries on PeT microdevices, we show the potential for integration on a single device for sample-to-answer genotyping.
Structure Inhibition and Regulation of a Two-Pore Channel TPC1

Membrane transport serves vital functions in the cell, providing nutrients for growth, relaying electrical signals, evading pathogens, and maintaining homeostasis. Voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels propagate cellular electrical signals by coupling changes in membrane potential and the binding of molecules to channel opening and selective passage of ions through the membrane barrier. Two-pore channels (TPCs) are intracellular ion channels that integrate changes in membrane potential, second messengers, and phosphorylation to control endolysosomal trafficking, autophagy, cellular ion and amino acid homeostasis, and ultra-long action potential-like signals. They broadly impact human diseases related to trafficking including filoviral infections, Parkinson's disease, obesity, fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The response of TPCs to multiple cellular inputs suggests a multi-state gating mechanism. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that govern cycles of activation and deactivation or ‘gating’ in the channel remain poorly understood. To understand the bases for ion permeation, channel activation, the location of voltage-sensing domains and regulatory ion-binding sites, and phosphoregulation, we determined the crystal structure of TPC1 from Arabidopsis thaliana to 2.87A resolution. This reveals for the first time how TPC channels assemble as ‘quasi-tetramers’ from two non-equivalent tandem pore-forming subunits. We determined sites of phosphorylation in the N-terminal and C-terminal domains that are positioned to allosterically modulate channel activation by cytoplasmic calcium. One of the two voltage sensing domains (VSD2) encodes voltage sensitivity and inhibition by luminal calcium locks VSD2 in a ‘resting’ conformation, distinct from the activated VSDs observed in structures of other voltage-gated ion channels. The structure shows how potent pharmacophore trans-Ned-19 allosterically acts to inhibit channel opening. In animals, trans-Ned-19 prevents infection by Ebola virus and Filoviruses by blocking fusion of the viral and endolysosomal membranes, thereby preventing delivery of their RNA into the host cytoplasm. The structure of TPC1 paves the way for understanding the complex function of these channels and may aid the development of antiviral compounds.
Imagined Connectivities: Synthesized Conceptions of Public Wi-Fi in Urban India

India and other economies in the Global South are undergoing a proliferation in public Wi-Fi, with large-scale deployments from industry and government. In this paper, we report on a qualitative study on public Wi-Fi conceptions as held by urban Indians, textit{a priori} to connecting to a network. Our findings show that prior public Wi-Fi users and non-users alike raised a surprising range and depth of conceptions---ranging from suspicion of operators' intentions to monetize, to concerns about sexual image morphing, to fears of phone wipeouts, to aspiration---which were informed by popular media, BlueTooth cultures, and social learning. We found these conceptions of Wi-Fi networks to significantly influence adoption of public Wi-Fi. With enormous investments in public Wi-Fi initiatives, we call for network providers to address these deep conceptions among emerging users; by suggesting ways to build public awareness, better user experiences, and business model innovation.
Biexponential T2 relaxation estimation of human knee cartilage in vivo at 3T.

Purpose To evaluate biexponential T2 relaxation mapping of human knee cartilage in vivo in clinically feasible scan times. Materials and Methods T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired from eight healthy volunteers using a standard 3T clinical scanner. A 3D Turbo-Flash sequence was modified to enable T2-weighted imaging with different echo times. Series of T2-weighted images were fitted using mono- and biexponential models with two- and four-parametric nonlinear approaches, respectively. Results Biexponential relaxation of T2 was detected in the knee cartilage in five regions of interest in all eight healthy volunteers. Short/long relaxation components of T2 were estimated to be 8.27 ± 0.68 / 45.35 ± 3.79 msec with corresponding fractions of 41.3 ± 1.1% / 58.6 ± 4.6%, respectively. The monoexponential relaxation of T2 was measured to be 26.9 ± 2.27 msec. The experiments showed good repeatability with coefficient of variation root mean square (CVrms) < 18% in all regions. The only difference in gender was observed in medial tibial cartilage, where the biexponential T2 in female volunteers was significantly higher compared to male volunteers (P = 0.014). Significant differences were observed in T2 relaxation between different regions on interest. Conclusion Biexponential relaxation of T2 was observed in the human knee cartilage in vivo. The short and long components are thought to be related to the tightly bound and loosely bound macromolecular water compartments. These preliminary results of biexponential T2 analysis could potentially be used to increase the specificity for detection of early osteoarthritis by measuring different water compartments and their fractions. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Rethinking Security in the Era of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has emerged as a dominant computing platform for the foreseeable future, resulting in an ongoing disruption to the way we build and deploy software. This disruption offers a rare opportunity to integrate new approaches to computer security. The aggregating effect of cloud computing and the role of cloud providers as trust anchors can significantly benefit computing security.
Motor subtype changes in early Parkinson's disease

Abstract Introduction Distinct motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been described through both clinical observation and through data-driven approaches. However, the extent to which motor subtypes change during disease progression remains unknown. Our objective was to determine motor subtypes of PD using an unsupervised clustering methodology and evaluate subtype changes with disease duration. Methods The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database of 423 newly diagnosed PD patients was utilized to retrospectively identify unique motor subtypes through a data-driven, hierarchical correlational clustering approach. For each patient, we assigned a subtype to each motor assessment at each follow-up visit (time points) and by using published criteria. We examined changes in PD subtype with disease duration using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Results Five distinct motor subtypes were identified based on the motor assessment items and these included: Tremor Dominant (TD), Axial Dominant, Appendicular Dominant, Rigidity Dominant, and Postural and Instability Gait Disorder Dominant. About half of the patients had consistent subtypes at all time points. Most patients met criteria for TD subtype soon after diagnosis. For patients with inconsistent subtypes, there was an overall trend to shift away from a TD phenotype with disease duration, as shown by chi-squared test, p Conclusion These results strongly suggest that classification of motor subtypes in PD can shift with increasing disease duration. Shifting subtypes is a factor that should be accounted for in clinical practice or in clinical trials.
A Comparison of Fecal Immunochemical and High-Sensitivity Guaiac Tests for Colorectal Cancer Screening

A Comparison of Fecal Immunochemical and High-Sensitivity Guaiac Tests for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Perceptions of the Police by LGBT Communities

The purpose of this study is to explore how lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities perceive the police. Historically, relationships between LGBT communities and the police have been strained due to a legacy of discriminatory actions, although some police agencies have more recently taken steps to build relationships with LGBT communities. A survey was administered to a sample of LGBT and heterosexual respondents (n = 787) to measure perceptions regarding police fairness, policing qualities, policing outcomes, and police interactions with LGBT communities. Across a number of measures and scales, the perceptions of LGBT participants were significantly more negative than those of other participants, including when the variables of race, income, location type (e.g., rural, small town, suburban, urban), prior service as a police officer, and quality of prior interactions with the police, are controlled in multivariate modeling. Implications for police training and policy are discussed, as well as theoretical contexts that frame the results.
Assessment of Cataloging and Metadata Services: Introduction

Assessment is a topic of great interest to the cataloging and metadata community. In the last decade it has gotten significantly more attention, partly as a response to movements in the academic li...
Changes in illicit cocaine hydrochloride processing identified and revealed through multivariate analysis of cocaine signature data.

For nearly 30years, the methods utilized in illicit cocaine hydrochloride production have remained relatively consistent. Cocaine hydrochloride is typically produced one kilogram at a time. As a result, each individual kilogram is unique and distinct from other kilograms in any particular seizure based on the total alkaloid profile, occluded solvent profile, and isotopic signature. Additionally, multi-kilogram cocaine seizures are often comprised of cocaine from several different coca growing regions. There has been a documented shift in this type of processing based on the recent analysis of a large cocaine seizure in the Eastern Pacific. Signature analyses of samples from 21kg randomly selected from a 517kg seizure were virtually identical. Triplicate analyses of each sample via gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, static headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry were completed. An initial outlier evaluation of the data and an in-depth univariate analysis indicated there was no statistically significant difference among the 21 samples at the 95% confidence interval. Principal components analysis did reveal consistent minor deviations between the samples and known authentic data from the Narino coca growing region of Colombia. These deviations were only observed on the latter principal components and could be explained by differences in solvent selection during cocaine hydrochloride processing. Chemical analyses in addition to a thorough statistical evaluation suggest a shift in the traditional small-batch method of cocaine processing to a multi-kilogram, high throughput approach.
Bridging the gap between academia and industry to reduce female attrition from engineering

The number of women attending engineering schools is rapidly increasing each year. However, not as many women continue to pursue work in the engineering field. Studies have been done on understanding why females leave academia and industry and how to improve the environment in each. However, very little work has been reported on a method to bridge both environments together. In this paper, the events organized by the student group, Women in Science and Engineering (WISE), with alumni shows success in confidence building, networking, mentoring and forming life-long friendships. This in turn can help enhanced female retention in the field of engineering, whether in academia or in industry. Presented in this paper is a description of the W.I.S.E activities, lessons learned and results. Evaluations were done with participating students via interviews.
Integration of mental health services into an innovative health care delivery model for children with chronic conditions

Abstract Coordinated Healthcare for Complex Kids (CHECK) is an innovative health care delivery demonstration project for children with chronic conditions and is supported by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Health Care Innovation Award Round Two. CHECK integrated behavioral health care into the model of comprehensive healthcare delivery. CHECK has provided a total of 31,470 services to 5923 children and their families. CHECK has provided 12,243 mental health screenings, 18,411 preventive interventions, 7511 consultative services, 2443 direct interventions, and 3105 referral services. A significant relationship was found between type of mental health service and disease and age. Children received different types of mental health services based on their type of chronic medical condition and age. CHECK is a promising model that has the potential to inform the development of future integrated health and behavioral health care service delivery models for children and youth with chronic medical conditions.
Contact-Less Near-Field Test of Active Integrated RF Phased Array Antennas

Future RF transceivers are expected to integrate the entire system, from baseband to antenna. Many emerging applications use beam forming, which necessitates RF phased arrays and multiple antennas integrated on the same die. This integration presents a challenge in testing the entire system including antennas. The electromagnetic signal output is combined in the air and no longer can be separated by physically connecting to the test equipment. Testing each element in isolation does not exercise the interaction between the elements and cannot characterize important parameters such as phase mismatch. Thus, systems with multiple integrated antennas need to be tested using wireless means. This paper presents a novel contact-less near-field test method for measuring the gain and phase mismatch of RF phased array antennas. The proposed method is based on using a known good die (KGD) receiver phased array antenna to capture the combined EM output of the transmitter antenna as the device under test (DUT). The mathematical model of mutual impedances and signal propagation is presented for a 16-element phased array to determine both gain and phase mismatches. The feasibility of the method is shown using hardware measurement. The accuracy of the method under process variations and imperfections in the test set-up, including noise and error in test set-up dimensions, is further investigated through electromagnetic (EM) simulations of a coplanar patch antenna array of sixteen elements.
Functional ability is associated with higher adherence to behavioral interventions in mild cognitive impairment

AbstractObjective: Behavioral interventions during early memory decline hold promise in delaying the development of dementia. In the present study, participants in a multimodal behavioral intervent...
Effect of Classified Rearing According to Live Weight on Growth, Carcass and Some Meat Quality Characteristics in Geese

In this study was aimed to determine to performance characteristics, pH and color parameters of breast and thigh meat in geese that rear specify according to 8th weeks of age live weight in 16th weeks of age. The study was started with 478 one day old goslings (male and female mixed). according to live weight in 8 weeks old (light, medium, heavy) after classification was done with 270 geese (female-male mixed) were continued to work. At 10th and 16th weeks, In the heavy group was determined the higher live weight and as to in light group higher live weights gain. The feed conversion rate was found also lower in the light and medium groups. In the heavy group, foot and thigh weight, pH parameters of the breast; in the medium group, abdominal fat weight, and rate; in the light group, the head rate was determined higher. As a result, the effect of live weight gain classifying reared was positive in the mild group. This method could be used to reach the target uniformly slaughter body weight in goose breeding.
Modeling of Thermal Quench in Superconducting RF Cavities

Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are often limited by thermal quench, which is an excessive electromagnetic heating that occurs in the high magnetic field area and expands thereafter forcing the cavity to lose its superconducting state. In this article, we demonstrate how the quench phenomena can be modeled using a coupled electromagnetic thermal analysis. The proposed model takes into account the nonlinearity of the material properties at cryogenic temperature and the effect of Kapitza resistance. The proposed approach is used to compute the thermal quench field of a 3.9-GHz 9-cell accelerating cavity, a 2.815-GHz deflecting cavity, and a 1.3-GHz 9-cell accelerating cavity. The computed values of quench field are in good agreement with the measured ones observed during vertical testing at 2 K. Without loss of generality, the proposed methodology can be applied to other cavity geometries.
Characterizing the Polytobacco Behaviors of Sexual Minority Young Adult College Students

Abstract Introduction Polytobacco use is a growing concern; users are exposed to cumulatively more nicotine, increasing their risk for dependence and long-term use. More sexual minority (SM) young adults report polytobacco use than their heterosexual peers, yet no studies explore how their tobacco patterns vary across the diverse product landscape. The purpose of this study was to characterize SM young adults’ patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence, and explore co-occurring risk factors for polytobacco use. Methods Participants were 609 SM Texas college students. Latent class analysis identified subgroups of tobacco users based on their tobacco use behaviors and an indicator of nicotine dependence. Multinomial logistic regression identified associations between individual-level variables and the probability of membership in various user classes. Results Tobacco use clustered in four classes: non-users, non-addicted cigarette users, non-addicted e-cigarette users, and addicted polytobacco users. Polytobacco users had an increased probability of depressive symptoms and cannabis use relative to non-users, and more binge alcohol use than all other groups. Non-addicted cigarette users had an increased probability of binge alcohol use, cannabis use, and being non-Hispanic White relative to non-users, and an increased likelihood of cannabis use relative to non-addicted e-cigarette users. Non-addicted e-cigarette users had an increased probability of binge alcohol use relative to non-users. Conclusions SM young adults’ tobacco use varies across the diverse product landscape. Failing to account for a range of tobacco behaviors and nicotine dependence prevents tailoring interventions that should also address concerns such as depressive symptoms, cannabis use, and binge alcohol use.
Echocardiographic Identification of Pulmonary Artery Flow Reversal: An Indicator of Adverse Outcomes in Single Ventricle Physiology

Individuals with single ventricle congenital heart disease (CHD) undergo multiple staged surgical palliations. Staged single ventricle palliation with a superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) in infancy followed by a Fontan in early childhood relies on passive, unobstructed pulmonary blood flow and normal pulmonary vasculature. We hypothesized that patients with echocardiographic identification of retrograde flow in a branch pulmonary artery (PA) after SCPC or Fontan are at increased risk for adverse outcomes. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seen at Children’s Wisconsin from 1999 to 2019. Inclusion criteria included a history of single ventricle congenital heart disease and surgical palliation with a superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC). We created two cohorts based on transthoracic echocardiographic identification of branch PA flow patterns: those with color Doppler-defined pulmonary artery flow reversal (PA reversal cohort) and those with normal anterograde flow (Non-reversal cohort). We identified 21 patients in the PA reversal cohort and 539 patients in the Non-reversal cohort. The PA reversal cohort had increased hospital length of stay after SCPC palliation (p < 0.001) and decreased transplant-free survival (p = 0.032), but there was no difference in overall survival (p = 0.099). There was no difference in hospital length of stay after Fontan (p = 0.17); however, the PA reversal cohort was significantly less likely to progress to Fontan palliation during early childhood (p = 0.005). Echocardiographic color Doppler identification of branch PA flow reversal in patients with single ventricle physiology is a high-risk indicator for adverse short- and long-term outcomes.
Magnetohydrodynamic Shock-Clump Evolution with Self-contained Magnetic Fields

We study the interaction of strong shock waves with magnetized clumps. Previous numerical work focused on a simplified scenario in which shocked clumps are immersed in a globally uniform magnetic field that extends through both the clump and the ambient medium. Here, we consider the complementary circumstance in which the field is completely self-contained within the clumps. This situation could arise naturally during clump formation via dynamical or thermal instabilities, for example, as a magnetic field pinches off from the ambient medium. Using our adaptive mesh refinement magnetohydrodynamics code AstroBEAR, we carry out a series of simulations with magnetized clumps that have different self-contained magnetic field configurations. We find that the clump and magnetic evolution are sensitive to the fraction of the magnetic field aligned with, or perpendicular to, the shock normal. The relative strength of magnetic pressure and tension in the different field configurations allows us to analytically understand the different cases of post-shock evolution. We also show how turbulence and the mixing it implies depends of the initial field configuration and suggest ways in which the observed shock-clump morphology may be used as a proxy for identifying internal field topologies a posteriori.
Viscous and Resistive Effects on the Magnetorotational Instability with a Net Toroidal Field

Resistivity and viscosity have a significant role in establishing the energy levels in turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in local astrophysical disk models. This study uses the Athena code to characterize the effects of a constant shear viscosity nu and Ohmic resistivity eta in unstratified shearing box simulations with a net toroidal magnetic flux. A previous study of shearing boxes with zero net magnetic field performed with the ZEUS code found that turbulence dies out for values of the magnetic Prandtl number, P {sub m} = nu/eta, below P {sub m} approx 1; for P {sub m} approx> 1, time- and volume-averaged stress levels increase with P {sub m}. We repeat these experiments with Athena and obtain consistent results. Next, the influence of viscosity and resistivity on the toroidal field MRI is investigated both for linear growth and for fully developed turbulence. In the linear regime, a sufficiently large nu or eta can prevent MRI growth; P {sub m} itself has little direct influence on growth from linear perturbations. By applying a range of values for nu and eta to an initial state consisting of fully developed turbulence in the presence of a background toroidal field, we investigatemore » their effects in the fully nonlinear system. Here, increased viscosity enhances the turbulence, and the turbulence decays only if the resistivity is above a critical value; turbulence can be sustained even when P {sub m} < 1, in contrast to the zero net field model. While we find preliminary evidence that the stress converges to a small range of values when nu and eta become small enough, the influence of dissipation terms on MRI-driven turbulence for relatively large eta and nu is significant, independent of field geometry.« less
Are recessions good for everyone's health? The association between mortality and the business cycle by race/ethnicity in the US

This article studies the effect of the business cycle on the mortality rates of the major racial/ethnic groups in the USA. We use county-level data from 1999 to 2005 and employ a panel econometric approach that includes county- and year-fixed effects. We found that the mortality rates for whites and latinos are procyclical, i.e, that economic expansions (contractions) are associated with increases (decreases) in mortality. Moreover, the magnitude of this relationship is larger for latinos than for whites. However, we generally do not find a statistically significant relationship for blacks. Finally, the procyclical relationship for whites and latinos increases in magnitude as the county becomes less racially/ethnically diverse. Taken together, these findings suggest that the procyclical association identified in previous studies of the overall US population may vary by race and ethnicity.
‘Respect’ and ‘justice’ for whom? Culturally irresponsive ethical practices with refugee communities:

This article explores how two common social work ethical principles, respect for persons and justice, are understood by refugee young people aged 18–30 years old in Kenya. Through 31 semi-structure...
Current Status of Knowledge of the Fluoride Salt (FLiNaK) Heat Transfer

A compilation and reevaluation of data from the 1950s and 1970s from three forced convective heat transfer experiments using the ternary fluoride salt FLiNaK (46.5 LiF–11.5 NaF–42 KF mol%) using pr...
New Women of the Old Faith: Gender and American Catholicism in the Progressive Era

Review of: "New Women of the Old Faith: Gender and American Catholicism in the Progressive Era," by Kathleen Sprows Cummings.
Tortious Interference With Expectancy of Inheritance or Gift--Suggestions for Resort to the Tort

This article examines the various factual circumstances in which a tort recovery for interference with the expectancy of inheritance or gift might be available, either as the only possible remedy for the disappointed expectant person or as an alternative to a remedy at equity or at probate, and determines, in regard to each circumstance, whether a cause of action in tort should be available. This tort has received recent attention, especially in light of the substantial awards, both compensatory and punitive, in a California Bankruptcy Court, 253 B.R. 550 (Bankr. C.D. Cal 2000), and, on appeal, in the U,S. District Court for the Central District of California, 275 B.R. 5 (C.D. Cal. 2002), in Marshall v. Marshall (In re Marshall), to Vickie Lynn Marshall (aka Anna Nicole Smith) in her action against her stepson on the ground of tortious interference with her expectancy of an inter vivos gift from her then recently-deceased husband, J. Howard Marshall, II. Beginning with a general introduction to the tort and to the primary issue vis-a-vis the tort, if and when the tort should be available to someone claiming that the tortious actions of another have deprived the claimant of an expected benefit by gift or by inheritance, the article then explores the various circumstances in which resort to the tort might be appropriate: tortious interference with an inter vivos gift; tortious interference with an at-death benefit such as being the beneficiary of a revocable inter vivos trust; tortious inducement of inter vivos transfers that diminish a testator's probate estate, thereby reducing a testamentary beneficiary's or heir's testamentary benefit; tortious inducement to execute, not execute, revoke or not revoke a will, thereby interfering with the claimant's testamentary expectancy.
Self, identity, and difference : Mead and the poststructuralists

Interesting parallels exist between the thought of George Herbert Mead and some of the writings of contemporary poststructuralists. Both stress the importance of language, the dynamic character of ...
Localization of phosphofructokinase on the mitochondria of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Abstract At least three-fourths of the phosphofructokinase activity in homogenates of Tetrahymena pyriformis is localized on the mitochondria. The mitochondrial phosphofructokinase activity is stabilized by ATP and by fructose 6-phosphate and is inhibited by ATP and by citrate.