cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-adaptive vibration control of smart composite beams using recurrent neural architecture

A self-adapting vibration control system is developed for damping augmentation in smart composite beams. The conventional vibration control approaches are limited by the requirement of an explicit and often accurate identification of the system dynamics and subsequent offline design of an optimal controller. In the present study a self-adapting vibration control system is developed. A hybrid system comprised of a dynamic diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) and an adaptable feed forward neural network is used to control the beam vibrations. Sensing and actuation are achieved using piezoelectric sensors and actuators. A finite element model based on a higher-order shear deformation theory is used to simulate the vibration response of laminated composite beams with integrated piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The dynamic effects of mass and stiffness of the piezoelectric patches are considered in the model. The performance of the DRNN controller is verified for arbitrary initial conditions and loadings. A robustness study including the effects of tip mass, structural parameter variation and partial loss of sensor output is performed. The performance with partial failure of control actuation is also examined. It is seen that the robustness and control capabilities of the hybrid control system are excellent.
Atherosclerosis and inflammation: insights from rheumatoid arthritis

Cardiovascular disease is a major health care problem and the most common cause of death among individuals from developed nations. Our understanding of atherosclerosis has evolved from a passive process resulting in narrowing of the lumen and consequent myocardial ischemia to a dynamic process that involves inflammation. The study of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), will provide insights into the relationship between inflammation and atherosclerosis. We review the relationship between atherosclerosis and inflammation within the context of RA, providing evidence that patients with RA have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and accelerated coronary and extra-coronary atherosclerosis. In addition, traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors are discussed. Finally, actions that a rheumatologist can take to better control this cardiovascular morbidity are suggested. These can be summarized as follows: (1) careful assessment and treatment of cardiovascular risk, (2) better control of inflammation, and (3) individual risk–benefit evaluation of need for cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and high doses of corticosteroids.
Just Queer Folks by Colin R. Johnson

In opening Just Queer Folks, Colin R. Johnson describes the forgotten history and important developmental contributions of sexuality and queer and gender identity in rural America in the earlier pa...
Kinetic Theory Analysis of Light Scattering in Gases

An analysis of the large-angle laser scattering experiment of Greytak and Benedek is made in terms of initial-value solutions to the linearized Boltzmann equation. Quantitative agreement is obtained between measurements and theoretical results derived for rigid-sphere and repulsive $\frac{1}{{r}^{4}}$ interatomic potentials.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray crystallographic studies of UDP‐N‐acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase

The overexpression and purification of the second enzyme in Escherichia coli peptidoglycan biosynthesis, UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (MurB), provided sufficient protein to undertake crystallization and X-ray crystallographic studies of the enzyme. MurB crystallizes in 14-20% PEG 8000, 100 mM sodium cacodylate, pH 8.0, and 200 mM calcium acetate in the presence of its substrate UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvate. Crystals of MurB belong to the tetragonal space group P4(1)2(1)2 with a = b = 49.6 A, c = 263.2 A, and alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees at -160 degrees C and diffract to at least 2.5 A. Screening for heavy atom derivatives has yielded a single site that is reactive with both methylmercury nitrate and Thimerosal.
Genetic testing by cancer site: colon (nonpolyposis syndromes)

Lynch syndrome, which is associated with mutations in 1 of 4 mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2), is a well-described hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome associated with a substantial risk of colon, rectum, and endometrial cancer. Historically, individuals with Lynch syndrome were identified using clinical classification criteria that have since been shown to be ineffective in most clinical settings, giving way to a more molecular diagnostic approach. These techniques have been repeatedly discussed in the literature, and there are multiple considerations in determining the best approach for a specific family. We review these approaches here as well as the clinical presentation of Lynch syndrome. Although still a relatively rare condition, we stress the importance of the identification of individuals with Lynch syndrome, given the clear data that predictive testing of at-risk family members and subsequent screening for cancers can reduce mortality associated with colorectal and endometrial cancer in these families.
Psychology and personalism by William Stern

Abstract In 1916, shortly after his move from Breslau to Hamburg, William Stern wrote in a letter dated October 10 and addressed to his colleague and friend, the Freiburg philosopher Jonas Cohn, that the second volume of a planned three-volume series setting forth that comprehensive system of thought called ‘critical personalism’ was “essentially finished.” He wrote further that that work, in combination with a “little booklet” (Broschure) titled Psychology and Personalism (Die Psychologie und der Personalismus) should “fashion a bridge” between his philosophical and psychological teachings. Due to a paper shortage in Germany during World War I, the larger of the two works mentioned by Stern in this letter would not actually appear until 2 years later. The “little booklet,” however, could be published sooner, and in fact appeared in 1917. What follows is a translation of that work. It sets forth the principle tenets of critical personalism in a relatively concise and accessible way, and is thus not only worthy of attention in its own right but also offers readers of this Special Issue helpful background for the papers that follow. I am very grateful to Lothar Laux and Karl-Heinz Renner for their careful reading of an earlier draft of my translation against the original publication. As native speakers of German, Laux and Renner made numerous suggestions that I gladly implemented in the interest of improving the quality of the translation. For such infelicities as remain I take full responsibility.
Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug induced liver injury in the United States

Studies of acute liver failure from drugs have included cases mostly attributed to acetaminophen (APAP) but have reported limited data on other drugs. We used the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) liver transplant database from 1990 to 2002 to identify recipients and estimate a U.S. population-based rate of liver transplantation due to acute liver failure from drugs. Patients were identified if their diagnosis was acute hepatic necrosis from an implicated drug at the time of transplant. Liver transplantation for drug hepatotoxicity accounted for 15% of liver transplants for acute liver failure over the study period. In our cohort (n = 270), 206 (76%) recipients were female. APAP alone, or in combination with another drug, accounted for 133 (49%) cases. In the non-acetaminophen (non-APAP) group (n = 137), the most frequently implicated drugs were: isoniazid, n = 24 (17.5%); propylthiouracil, n = 13 (9.5%); and phenytoin and valproate in 10 (7.3%) cases each. One-year patient and graft survival for the entire cohort was 77 and 71%, respectively. Among Caucasians (n = 206) and African-Americans (n = 48), APAP only was implicated in 110 (53%) patients and 12 (25%) patients, respectively, and non-APAP drugs were implicated in 96 (47%) patients and 36 (75%) patients, respectively (P = .0004). Among African-Americans in the non-APAP group, 28 (78%) were women. In conclusion four drugs were implicated in 42% of patients undergoing liver transplantation for acute liver failure due to drugs other than APAP. The increased frequency of African-American women undergoing liver transplantation for non-APAP drug induced liver injury warrants further study. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:1018–1023.)
Single photon source using laser pulses and two-photon absorption

We have previously shown that two-photon absorption and the quantum Zeno effect can be used to make deterministic quantum logic devices from an otherwise linear optical system. Here we show that this type of quantum Zeno gate can be used with additional two-photon absorbing media and weak laser pulses to make a heralded single photon source. A source of this kind is expected to have a number of practical advantages that make it well suited for large-scale quantum-information-processing applications.
TET1 plays an essential oncogenic role in MLL-rearranged leukemia

The ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) gene is the founding member of the TET family of enzymes (TET1/2/3) that convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Although TET1 was first identified as a fusion partner of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene in acute myeloid leukemia carrying t(10,11), its definitive role in leukemia is unclear. In contrast to the frequent down-regulation (or loss-of-function mutations) and critical tumor-suppressor roles of the three TET genes observed in various types of cancers, here we show that TET1 is a direct target of MLL-fusion proteins and is significantly up-regulated in MLL-rearranged leukemia, leading to a global increase of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level. Furthermore, our both in vitro and in vivo functional studies demonstrate that Tet1 plays an indispensable oncogenic role in the development of MLL-rearranged leukemia, through coordination with MLL-fusion proteins in regulating their critical cotargets, including homeobox A9 (Hoxa9)/myeloid ecotropic viral integration 1 (Meis1)/pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 3 (Pbx3) genes. Collectively, our data delineate an MLL-fusion/Tet1/Hoxa9/Meis1/Pbx3 signaling axis in MLL-rearranged leukemia and highlight TET1 as a potential therapeutic target in treating this presently therapy-resistant disease.
Egg Production of the Copepod Acartia tonsa in Florida Bay During Summer. 1. The Roles of Food Environment and Diet

The diet and egg production rate ofAcartia tonsa were measured during the thermally stable period between June and October 1995 at four locations in inner and outer Florida Bay. We sought to characterize the role ofA. tonsa in the bay’s pelagic food web, which has been changing since 1987, when the dominant submerged vegetation began shifting from benthic seagrasses to planktonic algae. At Rankin Lake, a shallow basin on the north side of the inner bay, where extensive seagrass mortality and persistent cyanobacteria blooms have occurred, microplankton biomass was relatively high and dominated by heterotrophic protists and dinoflagellates. Nanoplankton at Rankin, Lake, while numerically abundant, usually contributed only a small portion of the biomass. The ingestion rate ofA. tonsa in Florida Bay varied independently of food concentration (i.e., total microplankton biomass), but rates were higher (mean±SD =3.88 ± 0.73 μg C copepod−1 d−1) on the north side of the bay than on the south side (0.78 ±0.11 μg C copepod−1 d−1). Microzooplankton and dinoflagellates were important dietary constituents, especially in the vicinity of Rankin Lake. Egg production in this region (mean ± SD = 14.2 ± 7.7 eggs female−1 d−1) was considerably high than the baywide mean (5.8±0.81 eggs female−1d−1), and principal components analysis revealed associations between egg production and both dietary microzooplankton and dinoflagellate biomass. However, although grazing rates were relatively high in the inner bay,A. tonsa removed only 1–6% of the primary production from the water column during the summer and its egg production rates were low relative to typical rates for the species.
Gas phase thermolysis of allylic formates kinetics and isotype effects

Abstract Allyl and methallyl formate are observed to thermally cleave in the gas phase to carbon dioxide and olefin with EA = 43·0 and 42·1 kcal mole−1 and log A = 10·1 and 9·8 respectively. This kinetic data and evidence from isotopic labeling with tritium and deuterium reveals that the rearrangement does not involve a radical chain. The rate of the much faster Cope-type allylic ester rearrangement of allyl-1,1-d2-formate to allyl-3,3-d2-formate was also determined.
The application of electrospray ionization coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for the molecular characterization of natural organic matter

Mass spectrometry has recently played a key role in the understanding of natural organic matter (NOM) by providing molecular-level details about its composition. NOM, a complex assemblage of organic molecules present in natural waters and soils/sediments, has the ability to bind and transport anthropogenic materials. An improved understanding of its composition is crucial in order to understand how pollutants interact with NOM and how NOM cycles through global carbon cycles. In the past, low-resolution (>3000) mass analyzers have offered some insights into the structure of NOM, but emerging ultrahigh resolution (>200,000) techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) have significantly advanced our knowledge of NOM chemistry. Here, a review of the recent literature on the advancements of NOM characterization and the applications of mass spectrometry to this central task is presented. Various methods for the analysis and display of the extremely complex mass spectra, such as the van Krevelen diagram and Kendrick mass defect analysis, are discussed. We also review tandem mass spectrometry techniques employed to gain structural information about NOM components. Finally, we show how ESI-FT-ICR-MS has been applied to examine specific issues that are important to the NOM scientific community, such as NOM reactivity, transport and fate, degradation, and existence of components, which are indicators of NOM origin. In general, ultrahigh resolution provided by FT-ICR-MS is essential for the complete separation of the thousands of peaks present in the complex NOM mixture and will clearly lead to additional future advancements in the areas of aquatic, soil, and analytical chemistry.
Liquid crystal polymers. 15. Synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of alkyl‐substituted polyesters

La substitution par un alkyle dans une serie de polyesters cristaux liquides diminue fortement leurs temperatures de transition vitreuse, points de fusion, points d'eclaircissement et les stabilites thermiques des mesophases. Les polymeres avec des substituants n-alkyle lateraux a 8 atomes de carbone ou plus longs ne forment pas de phase liquide cristalline
Effect of depletion force on the stability of food emulsions

Abstract The stability of food emulsions containing milk proteins and sucrose ester was studied by measuring the creaming velocity of an oil‐in‐water emulsion. The inter‐droplet interaction was quantified by measuring the radial distribution function using an advanced digital imaging technique. The phenomenon of protein sub‐micelles layering inside the film formed between the adjacent droplets was observed by using the capillary force balance apparatus. The attractive interaction of the droplets was attributed to the depletion force induced by the protein sub‐micelles in the film. The experimental results on creaming velocity were rationalized in terms of a statistical thermodynamic model, which takes into account the attractive inter‐droplet interactions.
Strategizing, Disequilibrium, and Profit

This article presents a review of a book entitled “Strategizing, Disequilibrium, and Profit,” by John A. Mathews.
New multiplier design based on squared law algorithms and table look-ups

A multiplier design based on look-up tables and squared law algorithms is presented. This multiplier can compute the full precision product of two integer numbers or their product modulo 2/sup N/, modulo 2/sup N/-1, or modulo 2/sup N/+1. The design is based on decomposing the two numbers into smaller sizes, performing the cyclic convolution on these smaller numbers, and then finally reconstructing the desired product. The algorithms use no multiplications and instead rely only on squaring operations, additions, and subtractions. A comparative analysis of ROM requirements and hardware complexities for performing the multiplication operation using various look-up techniques is presented. >
Access to higher education for rural-poor students in China

China is now facing significant challenges in funding its rapidly expanding higher education systems, though it has experienced enormous economic growth in recent years. Equity has become a serious concern in Chinese higher education system. This article tries to identify the causes and implications of under-representation of the rural-poor students in China’s higher educational institutions: academic and social preparedness, institutional funding arrangements, the admissions policy, and the socioeconomic background are significant factors that determine an individual’s opportunity to access to higher education. Also, a brief discussion of possible policy recommendations is presented.
KINESIN-RELATED PROTEINS IN THE MAMMALIAN TESTES : CANDIDATE MOTORS FOR MEIOSIS AND MORPHOGENESIS

Abstract The kinesin superfamily of molecular motors comprises proteins that participate in a wide variety of motile events within the cell. Members of this family share a highly homologous head domain responsible for force generation attached to a divergent tail domain thought to couple the motor domain to its target cargo. Many kinesin-related proteins (KRPs) participate in spindle morphogenesis and chromosome movement in cell division. Genetic analysis of mitotic KRPs in yeast and Drosophila, as well as biochemical experiments in other species, have suggested models for the function of KRPs in cell division, including both mitosis and meiosis. Although many mitotic KRPs have been identified, the relationship between mitotic motors and meiotic function is not clearly understood. We have used sequence similarity between mitotic KRPs to identify candidates for meiotic and/or mitotic motors in a vertebrate. We have identified a group of kinesin-related proteins from rat testes (termed here testes KRP1 through KRP6) that includes new members of the bimC and KIF2 subfamilies as well as proteins that may define new kinesin subfamilies. Five of the six testes KRPs identified are expressed primarily in testes. Three of these are expressed in a region of the seminiferous epithelia (SE) rich in meiotically active cells. Further characterization of one of these KRPs, KRP2, showed it to be a promising candidate for a motor in meiosis: it is localized to a meiotically active region of the SE and is homologous to motor proteins associated with the mitotic apparatus. Testes-specific genes provide the necessary probes to investigate whether the motor proteins that function in mammalian meiosis overlap with those of mitosis and whether motor proteins exist with functions unique to meiosis. Our search for meiotic motors in a vertebrate testes has successfully identified proteins with properties consistent with those of meiotic motors in addition to uncovering proteins that may function in other unique motile events of the SE.
Burnt offerings [Internet]

We can learn much from what we name our technology. The author's latest theory goes something like this: never give new technology a cute name. That's it. Despite volumes of evidence proving we should make computers more user friendly, he still believes there's a zone you don't cross into, and that is cuteness. So if you happen to invent a new technology, be it hardware or software, then name it something generic like Word or Illustrator, or ominous like CORBA or SGML. The author focuses on Netscape's use of the ultimate in cute monikers: cookies. In deciding on that name, Netscape naively gave momentum to one of the worst public relations nightmares ever. No other Web technology has had to endure such a lasting negative-spin cycle as cookies have-dating back to Netscape 1.1. And the author believes the name was the heart of it. Netscape invented cookies to deal with one of the most limiting aspects of the Web: HTTP's inability to maintain a consistent, pervasive state. Cookies extend state by passing a small amount of data to a browser so that when the browser returns to the site that issued the data, the server can say: "hey, I remember you and a few things about you". The article presents an example of a typical cookie as it would appear to a browser in an HTTP page header and goes on to describe the elements used in this example.
The digital systems laboratory at UCSB: an evolutionary progression

A history of the digital design laboratory at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) is presented. The laboratory has undergone a continual evolutionary development since its inception almost 20 years ago. A key feature throughout this progression has been the use of computers as an element in digital systems, with resulting emphasis on the interfacing of devices to computers. The curriculum in the laboratory has stressed design, with great freedom allowed the student as to what to put in hardware and what in software. The laboratory has been the beneficiary of considerable support from industry, as well as from UCSB. The results have included raves from graduates, employers, and ABET regarding the design skills of the students. >
Physiological response and resilience of early life-stage Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to past, present and future ocean acidification

The Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), is the second most valuable bivalve fishery in the USA and is sensitive to high levels of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Here we present experiments that comprehensively examined how the ocean’s past, present and projected (21st and 22nd centuries) CO2 concentrations impact the growth and physiology of larval stages of C. virginica. Crassostrea virginica larvae grown in present-day pCO2 concentrations (380 µatm) displayed higher growth and survival than individuals grown at both lower (250 µatm) and higher pCO2 levels (750 and 1500 µatm). Crassostrea virginica larvae manifested calcification rates, sizes, shell thicknesses, metamorphosis, RNA:DNA ratios and lipid contents that paralleled trends in survival, with maximal values for larvae grown at 380 µatm pCO2 and reduced performance in higher and lower pCO2 levels. While some physiological differences among oysters could be attributed to CO 2-induced changes in size or calcification rates, the RNA:DNA ratios at ambient pCO 2 levels were elevated, independent of these factors. Likewise, the lipid contents of individuals exposed to high pCO2 levels were depressed even when differences in calcification rates were considered. These findings reveal the cascading, interdependent impact that high CO 2 can have on oyster physiology. Crassostrea virginica larvae are significantly more resistant to elevated pCO 2 than other North Atlantic bivalves, such as Mercenaria mercenaria and Argopecten irradians, a finding that may be related to the biogeography and/or evolutionary history of these species and may have important implications for future bivalve restoration and aquaculture efforts.
Managing Symptomatic Drug-Induced Liver Injury in HIV—Hepatitis C Virus—Coinfected Patients: A Role for Interferon

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection are at increased risk for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) compared with patients with HIV infection alone. The mechanism underlying this observation is unknown. We hypothesized that interferon (IFN) would induce biochemical improvement through its anti-inflammatory properties and thereby facilitate the reintroduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with DILI. Methods. Patients with symptomatic DILI were referred for evaluation; biopsy of a liver sample was performed for all patients, except 1 with clinical cirrhosis. Results. Twelve patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and symptomatic grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity received treatment with IFN and ribavirin (RBV). Seven of these patients had a history of recurrent DILI. The mean baseline CD4 + T cell counts and HIV RNA levels were 124 cells/mm 3 and 115,369 copies/mL, respectively. Biopsies of liver samples demonstrated significant necroinflammation (mean grade, 10.3) and fibrosis (mean stage, 2.9). Three patients continued to receive ART when they began treatment with IFN-RBV; 9 reinitiated ART within an average of 12 weeks (range, 4–20 weeks) of HCV treatment initiation. All patients attained marked improvement in aminotransferases and continued to receive ART treatment during a mean follow-up regimen of 26.5 months, with subsequent virologic suppression and immunologic reconstitution (mean CD4 + cell count increase, 251/mm 3 ). However, only 1 patient maintained HCV suppression after completion of treatment with IFN-RBV. Conclusions. In patients with symptomatic DILI, treatment with IFN-ribavirin (RBV) led to decreases in aminotransferase levels, which enabled the reinitiation of ART. The beneficial effects of IFN-based therapy may be modulated through the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, even in virologic nonresponders. Herein, we propose a novel mechanism for DILI, whereby HCV- and HIV-associated inflammatory mediators induce liver injury synergistically.
The Story of a Slut Walk Sexuality, Race, and Generational Divisions in Contemporary Feminist Activism

Drawing on a participant observation at a 2011 slut walk, I use elements of autoethnography to investigate issues and divisions in contemporary feminism. Slut walks emerged as a form of feminist pr...
Geometrically non-linear formulation for three dimensional curved beam elements with large rotations

This paper presents a geometrically non-linear formulation (GNL) for the three dimensional curved beam elements using the total Lagrangian approach. The element geometry is constructed using co-ordinates of the nodes on the centroidal or reference axis and the orthogonal nodal vectors representing the principal bending directions. The element displacement field is described using three translations at the element nodes and three rotations about the local axes . The GNL three dimensional beam element formulations based on these element approximations are restricted to small nodal rotations between two successive load increments. The element formulation presented here removes such restrictions. This is accomplished by retaining non-linear nodal terms in the definition of the element displacement field, and the consistent derivation of the element properties. The formulation presented here is very general and yet can be made specific by selecting proper non-linear functions representing the effects of nodal rotations. The details of the element properties are presented and discussed. Numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the behaviour and the accuracy of the elements. A comparison of the results obtained from the present formulation with those available in the literature using a linearized element approximation clearly demonstrate the superiority of the formulation in terms of large load steps, large rotations between two load steps and extremely good convergence characteristics during equilibrium iterations. The displacement approximation of these elements is fully compatible with the isoparametric curved shell elements (with large rotations), and since the elements possess offset capability, these elements can also serve as stiffeners for the curved shells.
Thermochemistry of inorganic sulfur compounds IV. Standard molar enthalpy of formation of sulfur hexafluoride

Abstract Because of a disagreement in the literature, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of sulfur hexafluoride, Δ f H m o (SF 6 , g, 298.15 K, has been redetermined by fluorine combustion calorimetry. The new value is in excellent agreement with an earlier result reported by the present author. A weighted mean value of −(1221.2 ± 0.4) kJ·mol −1 is recommended for Δ f H m o (SF 6 , g 298.15 K).
Towards a Framework for Business Process Reengineering in Higher Education.

In this paper, a conceptual and operational framework for business process reengineering in higher education is proposed. The outline of a sequential and non-linear four-step framework designed to reengineer higher education administrative and academic processes is presented. The first two steps, initiating and analysing, are used to examine, document, and flowchart the process targeted for reengineering; the last two steps, reengineering/implementing and evaluating, are intended to prototype, put into operation, and assess the effectiveness of the reengineered process. Early involvement of stakeholders, an in-depth understanding of the organisational and socio-cultural context, sustained support from senior leadership, and planned leveraging of information technology are critical to successful implementation.
Trace Element Regulation of Immunity and Infection

Epidemiological studies over the past decades have documented the important relationship between malnutrition and infection. Recent data have shown that impaired immunocompetence may be a critical factor in increasing the susceptibility of malnourished subjects to infection. This applies also to deficiencies of several trace elements, including zinc, copper, selenium, and iron.
The Athenian Casualty Lists

In the continuing discussion and debate over the development of letter-forms in fifth-century Athens, the official casualty lists from the public cemetery have played little part. One of them, however, the so-called ‘Koroneia’ epigram and related fragments (SEG x. 410; xxi. 123; and IG i2. 942), has been used in the argument by H. B. Mattingly, who has assigned it to Delion and claims its tailed rho for the 420s. But, the epigraphical argument aside, it seems to me that in so doing he has ignored two important characteristics of the lists—characteristics that are not apparent from these fragments by themselves but that can be seen from all the inscriptions of this class taken as a group. No summary of our knowledge of these lists has been written for almost 50 years, during which time the number known has almost doubled. In this paper I should like to outline the present state of our knowledge and to give some impressions of them gained from examining all known fragments and preparing them for publication. I wish to stress that these impressions were formed slowly, with no parti pris, no idea of their being used in any debate over letter-forms, but merely with the purpose of understanding as much as possible about the lists as a group.
Dutch Elm Disease: A Review of the History, Environmental Implications, Control, and Research Needs

Elms have long been important components of the forests and cities around the world. In the little-more-than-sixty years since it was first found in Europe in 1918, Dutch Elm Disease (DED) has killed millions of elms in Europe, Western Asia, and North America (Figs 6 & 7). The Far East is the only major area in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere that has not had a DED problem. For this reason, and because many species that are native to the Far East are resistant to the Disease, it is thought that DED may have originated in the Orient.
DISINFLATIONARY BOOM REVERSION

Recent emphasis has been placed on exploring behavioral aspects of individual agents in explaining macroeconomic phenomena. Of particular interest is augmenting New Keynesian models to produce costly disinflation, as empirics and consensus suggest. We presume a fraction of agents using rule-of-thumb behavior in price setting in an otherwise standard New Keynesian model. Our findings suggest that relatively small amounts of rule-of-thumb behavior are required to offset the net effects of Ball's disinflationary boom. Moderate levels of rule-of-thumb behavior can produce delayed recessions consistent with some VAR evidence. However, high proportions of rule-of-thumb behavior are needed to produce immediate reductions in output following implementation.
Psychological Treatments That Cause Harm

The phrase primum non nocere (''first, do no harm'') is a well-accepted credo of the medical and mental health professions. Although emerging data indicate that several psychological treatments may produce harm in significant numbers of individuals, psychologists have until recently paid little attention to the problem of haz- ardous treatments. I critically evaluate and update earlier conclusions regarding deterioration effects in psycho- therapy, outline methodological obstacles standing in the way of identifying potentially harmful therapies (PHTs), provide a provisional list of PHTs, discuss the implications of PHTs for clinical science and practice, and delineate fruitful areas for further research on PHTs. A heightened emphasis on PHTs should narrow the scientist-practi- tioner gap and safeguard mental health consumers against harm. Moreover, the literature on PHTs may provide in- sight into underlying mechanisms of change that cut across many domains of psychotherapy. The field of psychology should prioritize its efforts toward identifying PHTs and place greater emphasis on potentially dangerous than on empirically supported therapies.
Protection of telomeres by the Ku protein in fission yeast.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells survive loss of telomeres by a unique pathway of chromosome circularization. Factors potentially involved in this survival mechanism include the heterodimeric Ku protein and ligase IV, both of which are involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells. Furthermore, Ku plays a role in telomere maintenance as well as in DNA double-strand break repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified Ku and ligase IV homologues in S. pombe and analyzed their functions during normal growth and in cells undergoing senescence. In the absence of either a Ku subunit (pku70+) or ligase IV (lig4+), nonhomologous DNA end-joining was severely reduced. Lack of functional Ku led to shorter but stable telomeres and caused striking rearrangements of telomere-associated sequences, indicating a function for Ku in inhibiting recombinational activities near chromosome ends. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, concurrent deletion of pku70+ and the gene for the catalytic subunit of telomerase (trt1+) was not lethal, allowing for the first time the dissection of the roles of Ku during senescence. Our results support a model in which Ku protects chromosome termini from nucleolytic and recombinational activities but is not involved in the formation of chromosome end fusions during senescence. The conclusion that nonhomologous end-joining is not required for chromosome circularization was further supported by analysis of survivors in strains lacking the genes for both trt1+ and lig4+.
Traditional Chinese medicine recognition based on FNN

A fuzzy logic neural network based method is proposed. The method is only used to recognize the composition of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese pharmaceutical medicine. The network is built on the idea of ART while referring to a normal fuzzy neural network. The network takes on two-phase modus operandi: first, study the network structure by samples; and then study the network parameters in a concentrated batch. The network customizes traditional Chinese medicine recognition. It can be used not only for traditional Chinese medicine but also for the recognition of the components of Chinese pharmaceutical medicine by its chromatograph.
Self‐shading of in‐water optical instruments

The self-shading of in-water optical radiometers for measuring upwelling radiance (L,) and irradiance (E,) is estimated from Monte Carlo simulations of the light field in the presence and absence of the instrument. It is found that the error (E) induced by the presence of the radiometer is a function of its size and the absorption coefficient (a) of the medium, i.e. when E 5 15-20% the error is independent of the scattering coefficient (b). Direct measurement of L, or E, with e I 5% places severe limitations on the instrument size, e.g. in the case of a cylindrical housing and small solar zenith angles (the worst case) the diameter of the instrument must be s 1/30a for E’, and ,( I/ 1OOa for L,. A correction method based on a simple model oft is proposed and it is shown that when used these constraints on the diameter are reduced to d 1/6a and 5 1/30a, respectively, for an after-correction error of 5%. The self-shading error is estimated across the spectrum as a function of the pigment concentration of case 1 waters, and it is found that it can be large for typical radiometers, especially at high pigment concentrations or wavelengths >600 nm.
Microtus arvalis (Common vole)

These karyotypes were kindly supplied by Dr. U. Wolf, University of Freiburg, Germany, and were made from animals caught in that vicinity. A different type of sex determining mechanism (X1X2Y1Y2/X1X1X2X2) has been suggested by Raicu et al.
Electron Transfer in a Dynamically Disordered Polar Medium

Intramolecular electron transfer (ET) processes with the main energetic contributions coming from the solvent reorganization are investigated for a polar medium that exhibits dynamic disorder. Dynamic disorder provides a description of the anomalous relaxational behavior of correlation functions in complex glass-like systems, alternative to static disorder. In particular, the questions addressed are whether time-resolved observation of nonexponential ET in such a medium can readily distinguish experimentally between static and dynamic disorder and whether a contribution of intramolecular degrees of freedom to the ET can be identified by it.
Reheating in the higher-derivative inflationary models.

In both the Starobinsky and the ${R}^{2}$ models of the inflationary universe, after the inflationary phase the Universe enters into a period in which the scalar curvature oscillates rapidly. The rapid oscillations in the geometry result in particle production when conformally noninvariant quantum fields are present. By solving the semiclassical back-reaction equations the temperature to which the Universe reheats due to the particle production is computed. It is also shown that the oscillations are damped essentially exponentially with the result that the Universe evolves into a classical radiation-dominated Friedmann phase. Both analytical and numerical solutions to the back-reaction equations are obtained, with the results in accurate agreement with each other. The numerical schemes presented here for solving the semiclassical back-reaction equations can be used for scalar quantum fields with arbitrary curvature couplings and arbitrary masses. They are expected to be useful for many future calculations of the evolution of the early Universe. The analytical analysis presented provides some insight into the coupling between the quantum field and the higher-derivative terms in the back-reaction equations. The implications of this are discussed.
Sarcopenia and mortality among a population-based sample of community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a risk-factor for all-cause mortality among older adults, but it is unknown if sarcopenia predisposes older adults to specific causes of death. Further, it is unknown if the prognostic role of sarcopenia differs between males and females, and obese and non-obese individuals. METHODS: A population-based cohort study among 4425 older adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (1988-1994). Muscle mass was quantified using bioimpedance analysis, and muscle function was quantified using gait speed. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis examined the relationship between sarcopenia and mortality outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age of study participants was 70.1 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 36.5%. Sarcopenia associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.29 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.13-1.47); P CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia is a prevalent syndrome that is associated with premature mortality among community-dwelling older adults. The prognostic value of sarcopenia may vary by cause-specific mortality and differ between males and females. Language: en
II. Alcoholic liver injury involves activation of Kupffer cells by endotoxin.

It is well known that females show a greater susceptibility to alcohol-induced liver injury than males. Additionally, females who consume alcohol regularly and have been obese for 10 years or more ...
The Impact of eWOM Message Characteristics on the Perceived Effectiveness of Online Consumer Reviews

This study seeks to extend the emerging body and scope of research on consumers' attitudinal and behavioral responses to online consumer reviews by examining the role of message content characteristics. From this perceptive, this research broadens the understanding and importance of message characteristics to the persuasiveness of online consumer reviews. Specifically, this study investigates how consumers process online consumer reviews within the context of message characteristics, such as message type (attribute centric and benefit centric) and message valence (positive, negative, and neutral), and how this influences consumers' attitudes toward the review and product, perceived credibility of the reviewer, and purchase intention. Data indicate that message valence of online consumer reviews has a persuasive effect on consumers' attitudes toward the review and product, perceived source credibility, and purchase intention. Moreover, message valence interacts with message type, providing a more complex p...
Insulin-Independent GABAA Receptor-Mediated Response in the Barrel Cortex of Mice with Impaired Met Activity.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic variants, susceptibility alleles, and environmental perturbations. The autism associated gene MET tyrosine kinase has been implicated in many behavioral domains and endophenotypes of autism, including abnormal neural signaling in human sensory cortex. We investigated somatosensory thalamocortical synaptic communication in mice deficient in Met activity in cortical excitatory neurons to gain insights into aberrant somatosensation characteristic of ASD. The ratio of excitation to inhibition is dramatically increased due to decreased postsynaptic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition in the trigeminal thalamocortical pathway of mice lacking active Met in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, in contrast to wild-type mice, insulin failed to increase GABAA receptor-mediated response in the barrel cortex of mice with compromised Met signaling. Thus, lacking insulin effects may be a risk factor in ASD pathogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A proposed common cause of neurodevelopmental disorders is an imbalance in excitatory neural transmission, provided by the glutamatergic neurons, and the inhibitory signals from the GABAergic interneurons. Many genes associated with autism spectrum disorders impair synaptic transmission in the expected cell type. Previously, inactivation of the autism-associated Met tyrosine kinase receptor in GABAergic interneurons led to decreased inhibition. In thus report, decreased Met signaling in glutamatergic neurons had no effect on excitation, but decimated inhibition. Further experiments indicate that loss of Met activity downregulates GABAA receptors on glutamatergic neurons in an insulin independent manner. These data provide a new mechanism for the loss of inhibition and subsequent abnormal excitation/inhibition balance and potential molecular candidates for treatment or prevention.
Selection and separation of viable cells based on a cell-lethal assay.

A method to select and separate viable cells based on the results of a cell-lethal assay was developed. Cells were plated on an array of culture sites with each site composed of closely spaced, releasable micropallets. Clonal colonies spanning multiple micropallets on individual culture sites were established within 72 h of plating. Adjacent sites were widely spaced with 100% of the colonies remaining sequestered on a single culture site during expansion. A laser-based method mechanically released a micropallet underlying a colony to segment the colony into two genetically identical colonies. One portion of the segmented colony was collected with 90% efficiency while viability of both fractions was 100%. The segmented colonies released from the array were fixed and subjected to immunofluorescence staining of intracellular phospho-ERK kinase to identify colonies that were highly resistant or sensitive to phorbol ester-induced activation of ERK. These resistant and sensitive cells were then matched to the c...
Reaction of 12 Soybean Varieties to the Two-Spotted Spider Mite

Twelve soybean varieties were tested for possible tolerance to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Dare and Hill varieties showed low tolerance to these mites while the other 10 varieties showed moderate to high tolerance.
Contributions of Sociology to Marketing

Sociologists have made discoveries which have considerable significance for marketing. The author, a sociologist, tells in this article what some of these discoveries are.Specifically, findings sig...
Clarification and integrated utilization of fluid catalytic cracking slurry

The composition and properties of FCC slurry are presented in this paper,and the integrated technologies of slurry processing and clarification of FCC slurry are summarized.The future trend of clarification process is proposed according to the current situation of FCC slurry clarification around the world.The advantages of filtration over other purification methods are obvious,and before slurry filtration,smearing a layer of filter aid on the filter element can solve the existing problems in the filtration process.