cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Investigation of the Liquid Flow Induced by a Pulsed Electrical Discharge Plasma

In this work, particle image velocimetry has been used to visualize and quantify plasma-induced flow fields in liquid water. Experiments were performed in a rod-plane plasma reactor with a thin wire electrode suspended above the surface of the liquid in argon gas and a grounded plate immersed in the liquid. The velocity field has been quantified for two types of solutions: (1) aqueous NaCl solutions of varying solution conductivities and discharge frequencies and (2) aqueous NaCl solutions containing varying concentrations of the following four organic compounds: rhodamine B dye, caffeine, fluoxetine, and perfluorooctanoic acid. Results show that in neat water and aqueous caffeine solutions, the liquid is “pulled” along by the interaction of the gas molecules with the liquid molecules at the free surface and thus the direction of the liquid flow is in the direction of the gas phase flow (i.e., away from the discharge location). However, the flow was reversed (i.e., towards the discharge) for those solutions with strong surfactants such as perfluorooctanoic acid. The magnitude of the reversal depended on the initial concentration of the compound and for some compounds as time progressed the reversed flow pattern weakened and then reverted to a normal flow pattern. To determine the most likely cause of these flow reversals, a simple numerical model of the velocity field was developed to estimate relative contributions of various flow inducing mechanisms. The model indicates that in the presence of surfactants, Marangoni stresses are responsible for inducing the flow in the liquid.
Live-Cell Imaging of Mobile RNAs in Plants.

One of the most exciting findings in the past few decades is the discovery that individual mRNAs and noncoding RNAs can act as long-distance signaling messengers traveling cell to cell to distant sites in the plant. Numerous examples unveiled the involvement of endogenous RNAs as non-cell-autonomous
Iatrosophia and an Eighteenth-Century Oneirokritēs in the National Library of Greece

Medical dreams were not discussed by Greek popular dream interpreters, but were the domain of physicians like Hippocrates, Galen, and Rufus of Ephesus, or the followers of the healing god Asclepius. An exception is an oneirokritēs (dreambook) in Codex 1350 of the National Library of Greece in Athens. This eighteenth-century text reflects Ottoman Greek iatrosophia. An iatrosophion, widely used in Byzantine and Ottoman Greece, was a physician’s notebook of recipes and treatments or was the collective compendium of classical and Byzantine medical and pharmacological texts consulted in hospital settings. Some iatrosophia included medical cures and drugs, but also spells, exorcisms, magic, astrology, and practical advice. The writer of our oneirokritēs used such a magico-medical iatrosophion. After interpreting a dream symbol, he often advises a prophylactic (usually dietary) cure or treatment for restoring or maintaining health, or recommends religious prayers and spells, or apotropaic magic. Key words : Dreams - Iatrosophia - magic
Implications of Infant Development Research for Clinical Practice

The concept of continuity in human development has long been a provocative subject. The riddle of the Sphynx drew an ironic parallel between the inadequacy of infancy and the infirmity of old age. When Oedipus solved the riddle and freed the city of Thebes, the Sphynx killed herself in disgust, not having expected anyone to answer her question. It took the genius of Freud to discover that psychological causes operate from the distance of childhood in a particular way, through transformations of the psychosexual stages and especially the Oedipus complex. Many objected to this answer too, but it has come to represent the dominant view of psychodynamic theory.
Somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked responses in sleep-related periodic leg movements.

Abstract The pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep-related periodic leg movements (sPLM) and restless legs syndrome are unknown. Evoked potentials have been demonstrated to be abnormal in a variety of episodic movement disorders. In the present study, mixed nerve somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked responses were examined in patients with polysomnographically documented sPLM who also had restless legs. Normal lower extremity (posterior tibial nerve stimulation) and upper extremity (median nerve stimulation) somatosensory evoked responses were recorded in a group of 10 patients with documented sPLM. Brainstem auditory evoked responses also were normal. These findings do not provide any evidence for a primary afferent sensory disturbance and indirectly support a recently forwarded hypothesis that sPLM is a reflection of suppression of descending inhibitory influences on pyramidal tract function.
The impact of treatment package time on locoregional control for HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery and postoperative (chemo)radiation.

Background For patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) undergoing surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy (PORT), time from surgery to completion of adjuvant therapy, "package time" impacts locoregional control (LRC). However, the significance of package time in HPV+ oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC) is unknown. Methods We examined patients undergoing TORS resection with PORT for HPV+ OPSCC from January 2010 to December 2015 with ≥18 months follow-up (n = 267). A cutoff of 15 weeks was used to delineate patients into short and long package time groups. LRC loss was defined as any recurrence after surgery. Results Prolonged package time >15 weeks was associated with inferior LRC in this HPV+ OPSCC cohort, driven primarily by interval from surgery to PORT initiation. Multivariate analysis showed that package time and T classification are both independently associated with LRC. Conclusions Among HPV+ OPSCC, prolongation of package time appears to compromise LRC, but not survival.
The TELA: A New Tool for Assessing Educator Environmental Literacy

This paper describes the measurement and outcomes of a novel teacher environmental literacy assessment. The Teacher Environmental Literacy Assessment (TELA) uses a contextual view of environmental literacy, and includes measures of Knowledge, Self-efficacy, Environmental Identity, Behavior, Issue Identification, and Strategy Selection. A sample of formal and nonformal educators and experts were selected to take and be interviewed about TELA responses. We found demographic differences, particularly between nonformal and formal educators. In addition, experts chose different types of strategies to address environmental issues than educators. The TELA can identify gaps in educator environmental literacy, which is vital content knowledge for educators.
Quality indicators and improvement measures for pediatric intensive care units

Quality and patient safety is an integral part of pediatric critical care. Quality indicators (QIs) or key performance indicators (KPIs) are crucial to measure various aspects of quality and patient safety in pediatric intensive care. If we want a system which gives us reproducible results, it is crucial that various aspects of structure, process, and outcomes in that system are measurable and reproducible. It is crucial that the data used for measurements are accurate and they are analyzed using appropriate tools, and the KPIs/QIs calculated from the data are appropriately validated. These QIs/KPIs should be compared to the “accepted” international or national benchmarks on a periodic basis so that the team of doctors, nurses, and administrators are aware of the performance of their unit. In India, there are no national benchmarks available to compare the QIs/KPIs of our pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), and there is a dearth of such benchmarks for PICUs at international level too. In this review article, we aim to discuss the various aspects of data collection, data validation, and measurement of some important QIs of a PICU. We have also tried to gather some international benchmarks for some important QIs, which can be used by PICUs for their comparisons. Eventually, the best thing will be to develop a national database from various PICUs across India so that a national benchmark is created.
Clinical implications of photophobia in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Abstract Objective To determine the impact of photophobia on persons with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (pwPSP) by determining the functional impact of light sensitivity using methods established in migraine research. Methods All 60 participants (pwPSP = 15, persons with Parkinson Disease (pwPD) = 15, Older adults = 30) completed a series of questionnaires designed to assess the impact of photophobia on activities of daily living. Group comparisons were controlled for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate of 0.05. Results Most (14/15) pwPSP participants noted that bright light hurt their eyes, and this proportion was significantly greater than pwPD (6/15; p = 0.03, corrected). PSP participants reported statistically significantly more severe light sensitivity on a subjective 0–100 scale (p = 0.003, corrected), and noted reduced time spent in both indoor and outdoor activities. Some PSP participants (n = 3) noted that they needed to wear sunglasses indoors, but most noted a reluctance to leave their house during the day due to photophobia. PwPSP indicated that they require more help from others to complete daily tasks that require them to be outside during daylight hours. Conclusions Overall, we note a significant debility due to photophobia in PSP, and this impacts outdoor more than indoor activities. The functional disability in PSP caused by photophobia appears to cause a substantive reduction in quality of life. Future studies could consider incorporating specific metrics to evaluate measurable differences with photophobia onset and worsening severity.
Resettlement Education Case Managers’ Roles Supporting Refugee Families With Children With Disabilities:

Refugees have been resettling in the United States for decades, but there has been little attention in the special education literature to this population. The existing literature notes numerous sy...
Spline-based semiparametric estimation of a zero-inflated Poisson regression single-index model

When the number of zeros in a count dataset exceeds the accommodation of the probability mass of a regular Poisson distribution at zero, the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution is often used. To characterize the potential non-linear effects of covariates and avoid the “curse of dimensionality”, we propose a spline-based ZIP regression single-index model. B-splines are employed to estimate the unknown smooth function. A modified Fisher scoring method is proposed to simultaneously estimate the linear coefficients and the regression function. It is shown that the spline estimator of the nonparametric component is uniformly consistent, and achieves the optimal convergence rate under the smooth condition, and that the estimators of regression parameters are asymptotically normal and efficient. The spline-based semiparametric likelihood ratio test is also established. Moreover, a direct and consistent variance estimation method based on least-squares estimation is proposed. Simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed method.
Mechanosensitive channel properties and membrane mechanics in mouse dystrophic myotubes

Muscular dystrophy is associated with increased activity of mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) and increased cell calcium levels. MSCs in patches from mdx mouse myotubes have higher levels of resting activity, compared to patches from wild-type mice, and a pronounced latency of activation and deactivation. Measurements of patch capacitance and geometry reveal that the differences are linked to cortical membrane mechanics rather than to differences in channel gating. We found unexpectedly that patches from mdx mice are strongly curved towards the pipette tip by actin pulling normal to the membrane. This force produces a substantial tension (approximately 5 mN m(-1)) that can activate MSCs in the absence of overt stimulation. The inward curvature of patches from mdx mice is eliminated by actin inhibitors. Applying moderate suction to the pipette flattens the membrane, reducing tension, and making the response appear to be stretch inactivated. The pronounced latency to activation in patches from mdx mice is caused by the mechanical relaxation time required to reorganize the cortex from inward to outward curvature. The increased latency is equivalent to a three-fold increase in cortical viscosity. Disruption of the cytoskeleton by chemical or mechanical means eliminates the differences in kinetics and curvature between patches from wild-type and mdx mice. The stretch-induced increase in specific capacitance of the patch, approximately 80 fF microm(-2), far exceeds the specific capacitance of bilayers, suggesting the presence of stress-sensitive access to large pools of membrane, possibly caveoli, T-tubules or portions of the gigaseal. In mdx mouse cells the intrinsic gating property of fast voltage-sensitive inactivation is lost. It is robust in wild-type mouse cells (observed in 50% of outside-out patches), but never observed in mdx cells. This link between dystrophin and inactivation may lead to increased background cation currents and Ca2+ influx. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients in mdx mouse cells are sensitive to depolarization and are inhibited by the specific MSC inhibitor GsMTx4, in both the D and L forms.
Detection of dengue virus type 2 in Aedes albopictus by nucleic acid hybridization with strand-specific RNA probes.

A molecular hybridization technique with radiolabeled, strand-specific RNA probes was developed to detect dengue virus type 2 RNA in pools of infected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. One infected mosquito in a pool of 25 could be detected, corresponding to a dengue virus type 2 titer of 2.75 log10 50% tissue culture infectious doses. Images
Using a Deoxyribozyme Ligase and Rolling Circle Amplification To Detect a Non-nucleic Acid Analyte, ATP

An allosteric ribozyme (aptazyme) has been used to transduce the binding of a small organic analyte (ATP) into the ligation of a circular template for rolling circle amplification (RCA). An ATP-activated deoxyribozyme ligase was immobilized on a glass slide and, upon addition of ATP, catalyzed the ligation of a circular padlock probe. The ligated products could be directly amplified and visualized via RCA. The coupled reaction exhibited could detect as little as 1 muM of ATP and could discriminate against structurally similar nucleotides such as GTP, CTP, and UTP. Cooperative ATP activation of the deoxyribozyme was faithfully mimicked by RCA, yielding an amplified "switch" that was responsive to ATP concentration.
Spatial point pattern analysis applied to bubble nucleation in silicate melts

Experimental bubble nucleation studies are used for determining the nucleation mechanism as a function of experimental conditions, the resulting bubble number density, and can also yield estimates of the melt-vapor surface tension. This provides important information on gas exsolution in silicate melts, which can be applied towards understanding magmatic degassing in volcanic conduits. At present, determination of nucleation processes in tiny experimental samples relies upon visual observations. To improve the characterization of the spatial distribution of bubbles, we present a new application of spatial point pattern analysis. This technique allows the quantitative description of the spatial distribution of nucleation sites and has the potential to distinguish between homogeneous, heterogeneous, and multiple nucleation events. Since point pattern analysis highlights clustering or spatial regularity among objects, it may improve our understanding of the melt structure underlying the spatial distribution of nucleation sites, as well as interactions between bubble populations resulting from different nucleation pulses within a single experimental sample.
Erythropoietin: Biology and Clinical Applications

Hemopoiesis is a complex process that underlies the production of highly specialized cells. The mechanisms involved in this process include positive and negative feedback by humoral activities, pluripotent stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, and local interactions between stromal components of the hemopoietic microenvironment and various stem and progenitor cells.1
Insulin like growth factor-I induces limited association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to its receptor.

Stimulation by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) of LISN C4 cells, a mouse fibroblast cell line that overexpresses human IGF-I receptors, led to an increase in the amount of a phosphatidylinositol kinase that could be immunoprecipitated by anti-IGF-I receptor or anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. The identity of the lipid produced in phosphatidylinositol kinase assays of anti-IGF-I receptor or anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates indicated that IGF-I selectively increased the amount of immunoprecipitated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. The amount of immunoprecipitated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity that was increased by IGF-I followed a time course that paralleled the stimulation of IGF-I receptor beta-subunit autophosphorylation. The amount of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity detected in anti-IGF-I receptor immunoprecipitates represented only 2% of that which was immunoprecipitated by anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity which was re...
Effect of Water Availability on Hen Survival Time Under High Temperature Stress

Abstract Two trials, each employing 24 S.C. White Leghorn hens, compared three treatment groups utilizing three types of watering containers: (a) Hart cup®, (b) square cup, (c) No. 10 can. The birds were placed in an environmental chamber in a randomized block design. Ambient temperature in the chamber was raised in various steps from 26.7° C. to 47.8 ± .5° C. and from 21.1° C. to 45.6 ± .5° C. for trial 1 and trial 2, respectively. Average lethal body temperature was (a) 46.09° C, (b) 45.91° C, (c) 45.84° C. for trial 1 and (a) 46.16° C, (b) 46.51° C, (c) 46.66° C. for trial 2, Average survival time after ambient temperature reached 40.6° C. was (a) 259 min., (b) 288 min., (c) 354 min. for trial 1 and (a) 192 min., (b) 254 min., (c) 320 min. for trial 2. Total water consumption was (a) 193 ml., (b) 180 ml., (c) 255 ml., and (a) 112 ml., (b) 121 ml., (c) 182 ml. for trials 1 and 2, respectively. Greater survival time for (c) may be due to the fact that the hen could immerse her whole head in the water.
Studies on the adsorption of odorous materials. II. Surface potential changes due to the adsorption of alcohol vapors.

The normal homologous alcohol vapors from 2- to 8-carbon-chain lengths were injected into an air stream in concentrations varying from 0.2 to 500 parts of alcohol vapor per million parts of air by volume and were passed over a water surface. Relauonships between changes in the surface potential of the water surface and the chain length of the adsorbed alcohol molecules were determined and they were found to be analogous to the relationships between the olfactory intensities of the same alcohol vapors and the chain length of the vapors as reported by other research groups. The results of these tests suggest that the adsorption and surface potential change processes are influenced by the structure of the adsorbate molecule—a factor generally associated with odor.
Signal processing techniques for forward imaging using ultrawideband synthetic aperture radar

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of a customer and mission-funded exploratory development program, has been developing a prototype of low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) forward-imaging synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to support the U.S. Army's vision for increased mobility and survivability of unmanned ground vehicle missions. The ability of the UWB radar technology to detect objects under foilage could provide an important obstacle-avoidance capability for robotic vehicles, which could improve the speed and maneuverability of these vehicles and consequently increase the survivability of the U.S. forces. In a recent experiment at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), we exercised the UWB SAR radar in forward-looking mode and collected data to support the investigation. This paper discusses the signal processing algorithms and techniques that we developed and applied to the recent UWB SAR forward-looking data. The algorithms include motion data processing, self-interference signal (SIR) removal, radio frequency interference (RFI) signal removal, forward-looking image formation, and visualization techniques. We present forward-loking SAR imagery and also volumetric imagery of some targets.
Compaction and internal structure of Mimas

Abstract The coupled thermal and porosity evolution of Mimas is investigated on the basis of the two-phase flow approach developed for partially molten rock. The constitutive relations necessary to solve the resulting set of equations are taken from the work on hot isostatic pressing and sintering of porous materials under the assumption that the fluid-dynamical behavior of ice-rock mixtures is dominated by rheology of pure ice. The calculations show that for an initial porosity distribution determined by plastic yielding porosity explains the value γ = 0.883 ± 0.033 of the dimensionless moment of inertia for Mimas if the ambient temperature of formation T e is lower than 120°K and surface porosity ψ 0 is greater than 25%. For the nominal value T e = 80 K the value of γ can be explained only if ψ 0 falls within the range 30–40%. This is an interesting result as such porosities are indeed expected for uncompressed granular mixtures. The model also suggests higher internal temperatures (∼ 140°K at the center for ψ 0 = 0.36) than previously obtained in “cold accretion” models and the presence of a regolith several tens of kilometers thick.
Injection of dust into the Martian atmosphere: evidence from the Viking gas exchange experiment

The hypothesis that predawn midlatitude storms are triggered by a soil humidification process is examined. A freeze/thaw model of the process is evaluated in the Viking Gas Exchange experiments conducted on Mars. The humidification-driven desorption and desiccation state of Martian soil samples are analyzed. The periodic humidification of equatorial regolith soil is studied in terms of pore space pressure during desorption events and soil diffusivity; the thermal properties of the regolith surface layer are modeled using the program of Clifford (1984). Consideration is given to the diurnal and seasonal cycles of the humidification process, the permanent, low-albedo features in the midlatitudes, and the production of H2SO4 and HCl aerosols.
Simulation of Two-Dimensional Particle Flows

This paper describes a new approach to the direct numerical simulation of particle flows and illustrates its performance on several examples. The method uses a fixed regular orthogonal grid and combines an analytic solution, valid in the neighborhood of each particle, with a finite-difference solution away from the particle. In effect, the analytic solution is used to ‘transfer’ the boundary conditions at the particle surface to the neighboring grid nodes, thus eliminating the complexity arising from the incompatibility of the particle geometry with that of the underlying fixed grid. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic force and couple on the particle are computed directly with no need for the error-prone extrapolation or interpolation procedures necessary with other methods.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Biochemical basis for D,L,‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate‐induced teratogenesis

Previous investigations have demonstrated that a potential mechanism for D,L,-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB)-induced teratogenesis in neurulating mouse embryos (5–6 somite stage) after 24 hours of exposure in vitro is mediated by an inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Hunter, et al. '87). Employing conceptuses of an earlier stage (2–3 somite stage), the biochemistry of BOHB-induced abnormalities was examined further by exposing embryos to 32 mM BOHB for 24 hour and comparing results with controls with respect to the rate of metabolism via the PPP, de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis (PB), and BOHB utilization. Moreover, the capability of these BOHB-exposed embryos to recover from such an insult was also assessed by transferring them to fresh control medium and allowing them to grow for an additional 36 hours. Both controls and BOHB-exposed embryos showed a progressive increase in rate of BOHB utilization between days 9 and 11.5 of gestation in vitro. Exposure to the ketone body produced a 100% rate of neural tube defects and a 25.2% decrease in total embryonic protein content. In contrast to results obtained at the 5–6 somite stage, no inhibition of the PPP in whole conceptuses, embryos, or visceral yolk sacs was observed in the group exposed to BOHB at the 2–3 somite stage. Furthermore, a 7.5 mM D-ribose supplement, an intermediate in the PPP, was unable to rescue the younger embryos from BOHB-induced abnormalities and growth retardation. On the other hand, BOHB produced a 34.3% decrease in pyrimidine biosynthesis in the 2–3 somite embryos, but not in the visceral yolk sac. In addition, embryos recovered biochemically after being transferred to control medium, demonstrating a 25.5% overshoot in pyrimidine biosynthesis. Therefore, the mechanism of BOHB-induced teratogenesis appears to differ depending on the stage of embryonic development at the time of initial exposure.
British Policing: Continuities and Changes

: This paper discusses changes in British policing focussing on the ‘seventies’ to the ‘eighties’. Data are drawn from several field studies of the author, as well as secondary analysis of media reports and other research reports. The analysis is organised around police structure, Junction and image and discusses changed political context in which policing now stands. The paper concludes with an overview of four issues of future importance in British policing, scientific management, technology, public trust and crime control.
Biochemical characterization of antibodies submitted as reactive with glycophorin species

Thirty-one antibodies submitted for testing were examined in order to determine with which glycophorin species they were reactive and what region of the target molecule(s) were involved in antigen recognition. Antibodies were assayed by direct and indirect aggmutination techniques, using cells of various MNSs phenotypes before and after exposure to various enzymes. In addition, antibodies were tested by immunoblotting and, in a small number of instances, by radioimmunoprecipitation, in order to determine or confirm the molecular species reactive with each antibody.
Non-measurable sets of reals whose measurable subsets are countable

In this paper we generalize Sierpinski's concept of sets of typeS and give a characterization of such sets in terms of a partition of the reals. We also give a similar characterization of Lusin sets.
Effects of collection solvent parameters and extraction cell geometry on supercritical fluid extraction efficiencies

Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) collection efficiences of 66 compounds with a wide range of volatility and polarity were examined. Good collection efficiencies required efficient partitioning of the analyte into the collection solvent after depressurization, and factors including collection solvent polarity and temperature were found to be more important than collection solvent volume and height. Heating the collection solvent with a heat gun to avoid plugging of the outlet restrictor resulted in 20−50% losses of the more volatile analytes, while > 90% trapping of all test analytes could be attained by controlling the solvent temperature at 5°C. Extraction cell geometry (“long, narrow” versus “short, broad” vessel) at constant internal volume and the orientation of the extraction cell were found to have negligible effects on the extraction rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from railroad bed soil and flavor and fragrance compounds from lemon peels. The supercritical fluid flow-rate also had little effect on the extraction rate of native PAHs provided that it was sufficient to sweep the cell dead volume every ca. 3 min.
Design and process limited yield at the 65-nm node and beyond

Immersion lithography at 193nm has emerged as the leading contender for critical patterning through the 32nm technology node. Super-high NA, along with attendant polarization effects, will require re-optimization of virtually every resolution enhancement technology and the implementation of advanced process control at intra-wafer and intra-field levels. Furthermore, interactions of critical dimensions, profiles, roughness, and overlay between layers will impact design margins and become severe yield limiters. In this work, we show how design margins are reduced as a result of hidden process error and how this error can be parsed into unobservable, unsampled, unmodeled, and uncorrectable components. We apply four new process control technologies that use spectroscopic ellipsometry, grating-based overlay metrology, e-beam array imaging, and simulation to reduce hidden systematic error. Feedback of super-accurate process metrics will be critical to the application of conjoint DFM and APC strategies at the 65nm node and beyond. Manufacturing economics will force a trade-off between measurement cost and yield loss that favors greater expenditure on process control.
Gendered Discourse in the Political Behavior of Adolescents

The roots of adult civic and political participation originate in pre-adult experiences (Verba et al. 1995) and high school extracurricular activities offer students opportunities to develop interpersonal and leadership skills. In this research, we ask whether adolescents also learn gendered norms of political discourse through extracurricular activities. This project assessed gender differences in participation at the 1999 Model United Nations of the Southwest (MUNSW) at the University of Oklahoma. Important differences in participation were observed in the number and character of speaking turns taken by male and female delegates. We find that contextual factors, such as the sex of the committee chair, the issue areas addressed by the committee, and the timing of the session in the conference significantly influence who participates in the discourse, but the percentage of female participants surprisingly does not. The character of the political discourse suggests norms dominated by masculinity.
Ethylphenidate as a Selective Dopaminergic Agonist and Methylphenidate–Ethanol Transesterification Biomarker

We review the pharmaceutical science of ethylphenidate (EPH) in the contexts of drug discovery, drug interactions, biomarker for dl-methylphenidate (MPH)-ethanol exposure, potentiation of dl-MPH abuse liability, contemporary "designer drug," pertinence to the newer transdermal and chiral switch MPH formulations, as well as problematic internal standard. d-EPH selectively targets the dopamine transporter, whereas d-MPH exhibits equipotent actions at dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. This selectivity carries implications for the advancement of tailored attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacotherapy in the era of genome-based diagnostics. Abuse of dl-MPH often involves ethanol coabuse. Carboxylesterase 1 enantioselectively transesterifies l-MPH with ethanol to yield l-EPH accompanied by significantly increased early exposure to d-MPH and rapid potentiation of euphoria. The pharmacokinetic component of this drug interaction can largely be avoided using dexmethylphenidate (dexMPH). This notwithstanding, maximal potentiated euphoria occurs following dexMPH-ethanol. C57BL/6 mice model dl-MPH-ethanol interactions: an otherwise depressive dose of ethanol synergistically increases dl-MPH stimulation; a substimulatory dose of dl-MPH potentiates a low, stimulatory dose of ethanol; ethanol elevates blood, brain, and urinary d-MPH concentrations while forming l-EPH. Integration of EPH preclinical neuropharmacology with clinical studies of MPH-ethanol interactions provides a translational approach toward advancement of ADHD personalized medicine and management of comorbid alcohol use disorder.
Infectious complications of treatment with biologic agents.

Purpose of review There are three tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors on the US and European markets today, and uncommon but devastating infectious complications accompany their use. This review describes the most important pathogen-specific infections and their relative frequency. Recent literature is summarized that has helped elucidate the pathophysiologic basis for their occurrence. Finally, evolving sets of recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious complications of their use are explored. Recent findings Tuberculosis has continued to be the most common pathogen reported in association with infliximab, and less so with etanercept and adalimumab. Determining treated population case rates depends on having an accurate denominator and reflects the local population's latent infection rate. The same is true for histoplasmosis. Other pathogens requiring intact cellular immunity for control of latent infection have also been reported. Specific recommendations for preventive therapy are being made, but prospective clinical trials are needed to assess the risk-benefit of any particular approach. Summary Microorganisms responsible for the infectious complications associated with anticytokine therapy are generally intracellular pathogens or pathogens that commonly exist in a chronic, latent state and are normally held in check by cell-mediated immunity. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and prompt acquisition of appropriate tissue for microscopic examination and microbiologic culture. Prompt empiric therapy that focuses on the most likely infections is necessary to prevent mortality.
Next-Day Convection-Allowing WRF Model Guidance: A Second Look at 2-km versus 4-km Grid Spacing

Abstract During the 2007 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Experiment, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) at the University of Oklahoma produced convection-allowing forecasts from a single deterministic 2-km model and a 10-member 4-km-resolution ensemble. In this study, the 2-km deterministic output was compared with forecasts from the 4-km ensemble control member. Other than the difference in horizontal resolution, the two sets of forecasts featured identical Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW-WRF) configurations, including vertical resolution, forecast domain, initial and lateral boundary conditions, and physical parameterizations. Therefore, forecast disparities were attributed solely to differences in horizontal grid spacing. This study is a follow-up to similar work that was based on results from the 2005 Spring Experiment. Unlike the 2005 experiment, however, model configurations were more rigorously controlled in the present study, providing...
Der Einsatz von Testimonials in der Werbung

In der Literatur zur Werbung existieren Empfehlungen, ob Prominente oder Experten oder typische Konsumenten als Testimonials in der Werbung fu r unterschiedliche Produktkategorien eingesetzt werden sollen. Die theoretischen Grundlagen dieser Empfehlungen werden im vorliegenden Beitrag kurz dargestellt. Anschlies end werden diese Vermutungen nochmals gepru ft. Die Befunde der neuen empirischen Studie ergeben, das man besser erst mittels Werbemittel-Pretests kontrollieren sollte, ob der Empfehlung in der Literatur gefolgt werden soll.
Influence of trypsin on in vitro RNA synthesis by disrupted nuclei of rat and human uteri in different hormonal states.

Ovariectomized rats were either untreated, treated with estradiol, or treated with estradiol plus progesterone for 3 days. Nuclear preparations of the uteri were incubated with 3H-UTP, ATP, CTP and GTP and excess RNA polymerase with and without preincubation with trypsin. The study focused on the enhancement of template activity mediated by trypsin. Five experiments were performed. In incubations of nuclei from estradiol-treated rats the increase in template activity mediated by trypsin ranged from 327 to 651 %. The results with the untreated rats were not statistically different from those with the estradiol-treated rats. On the other hand, the enhancement of template activity with the nuclei obtained from rats treated with estradiol plus progesterone was far less, ranging from 34 to 127%. When the rats were treated with progesterone alone (2 experiments), the average increase was 316%. Nuclear preparations of human endometrium were studied in the same way. In 17 studies of proliferative endometrium, the...
P-T-X conditions of calc-silicate formation: evidence from fluid inclusions and phase equilibria; Llano Uplift, central Texas, USA

The Llano Uplift in central Texas is a Grenville aged (c. 1.1 Ga) metamorphic terrane consisting predominantly of amphibolite facies mineral assemblages. The formation of these assemblages has been attributed to the emplacement of relatively late granite plutons throughout the area. Two types of granitic intrusion have previously been recognized: (1) Town Mountain Granites, which OCCUT as relatively large, circular-shaped bodies of coarse-grained granite, and (2) Younger Granites which are present as smaller and more irregular bodies of finer-grained granite. In the central part of the uplift, wollastonite-bearing calc-silicate rocks occur within the Valley Spring Gneiss. The development of these calc-silicate rocks has been linked to infiltrating fluids presumably derived from spatially associated Younger Granites. The stability of coexisting quartz, calcite, wollastonite, grossular and anorthite and coexisting quartz, calcite, wollastonite, andradite and hedenbergite shows that the calc-silicate rocks equilibrated under H20-rich conditions with Xcs < 0.10. Fluid inclusions present within the calc-silicate minerals are H,O-rich with salinities of <17wt% equivalent NaCI. The absence of any detectable CO, in the fluid inclusions may indicate entrapment of the inclusions at lower pressures and more H20-rich conditions compared to the stability of the peak metamorphic mineral assemblage. Homogenization temperatures, measured for texturally primary inclusions, range from 360 to 368°C corresponding to a density range from 0.53 to 0.82g/cm3. Isochores for these fluid inclusions, when combined with the stability of the solid-solid equilibria Grs + Qtz = Wo + An, yield formation conditions of XHl-550" C at 1-2 kbar. This indicates that the granitic intrusions involved in the formation of the Blount Mountain calc-silicates were emplaced at a pressure of at least 1-2 kbar.
Serum Hepatitis Antigen (SH): Rapid Detection by High Voltage Immunoelectroosmophoresis

An immunoelectroosmophoretic technique for rapid detection of the antigen (SH) associated with the serum hepatitis virus has been devised. The technique maintains the specificity characteristic of the Ouchterlony gel-diffusion method, yet detects in 1 to 2 hours one-tenth the amount of antigen required for gel diffusion. The test has immediate application to blood-banking practice since it permits the screening of such labile products as platelets and fresh whole blood, and the detection of antigen in additional serums negative by the Ouchterlony technique.
The Relationship between Sex Role Identity and a Widow's Adjustment to the Loss of a Spouse:

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a widow's sex role identity and adjustment to the loss of a spouse. Two hypotheses were set forth: 1) Androgynous widows experience...
Das ternäre System: Diopsid‐Anorthit‐Albit

Gemische von Diopsid mit verschiedenen Gliedern der Plagioklasreihen, die als haplobasaltisch, haplodioritisch usw. bezeichnet werden, je nach der Natur des Plagioklases, sind nach dem Abschreckverfahren der thermischen Analyse untersucht worden. Das in dieser Weise bestimmte Gleichgewicht wurde graphisch in verschiedenen Diagrammen dargestellt. Alle fur die vollstandige Beschreibung der Kristallisation irgendeines Gemisches notwendigen Bestimmungen sind ausgefuhrt und mitgeteilt worden.
Sex- and ethnic group–specific nationwide trends in the use of coronary artery bypass grafting in the United States

Objective This study examined nationwide trends in use of coronary artery bypass grafting between 1988 and 2004. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to calculate age-adjusted rate of coronary artery bypass grafting from 1988 to 2004. Specific International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for coronary artery bypass grafting were used to compile data. Patient demographic data were also analyzed. Results The database recorded 1,145,285 patients older than 40 years who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting from 1988 to 2004. Mean age was 60.21 ± 10.55 years. Male patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting more than twice as frequently as female patients (70.6% vs 29.4%). From 1988, total age-adjusted rate gradually increased for 10 years until 1997 (79.29 per 100,000 with 95% confidence interval 70.88–87.71 per 100,000 in 1988, 131.31 per 100,000 with 95% confidence interval 119.02–143.59 per 100,000 in 1997, P P Conclusions Use of coronary artery bypass grafting has decreased dramatically in recent years, with even lower use among female and ethnic minority patients. This decline may be related to significant advances in percutaneous coronary interventions and improved medical treatment of atherosclerosis in the past 10 years.
Men, Intimacy, and Eroticism

ABSTRACT Introduction We present a conceptual/clinical article focused on the Good-Enough Sex model of male and couple sexuality. This offers a comprehensive, integrative couple approach to understanding and treating male sexual dysfunction. Aim To examine the couple biopsychosocial approach to assessing and treating male sexual dysfunction. The focus is integrating intimacy and eroticism as the man and the relationship age. Methods The clinical case example examines the role of integrating intimacy and eroticism as the man and the relationship mature. The role of the clinician in helping the man and couple develop positive, realistic sexual expectations is crucial in both the change process and relapse prevention. Main Outcome Measures The clinical assessment of the man and couple focuses specifically on the interplay of desire, erection, intercourse, and orgasm. Results The man and couple valuing each other as intimate, erotic partners, and adopting the Good-Enough Sex model rather than clinging to the pass–fail perfect intercourse performance criterion are crucial for therapeutic success. Conclusions When couples stop being sexual, it is almost always the man's decision—he has lost confidence with arousal, intercourse, and orgasm. Men and couples who adopt the Good-Enough Sex model are well positioned to ensure pleasurable, satisfying sexuality into their 60s, 70s, and 80s. McCarthy B, and Thestrup MA. Men, intimacy, and eroticism. J Sex Med 2009;6:588–594.
MICROBIAL ASYMMETRIC CELL DIVISION : LOCALIZATION OF CELL FATE DETERMINANTS

Abstract The genetic mechanisms that control asymmetric cell divisions — yielding progeny cells that differ from one another — have been conserved among prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and higher organisms. All use the paradigm of regulatory protein localization as a way of translating genetic information into three-dimensional space.
A concise synthesis of 12(S), 20-dihydroxyeicosa-5(Z), 8(Z), 10(E), 14(Z)-tetraenoic acid, an endogenous vasoconstrictor

Abstract 12( S ),20-DiHETE, prepared by a combination of Evans–Crimmins asymmetric alkylation, Sonogashira alkynylation, and Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, significantly sensitizes phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction of rat renal interlobar arteries.
A candidate dual vaccine against influenza and noroviruses.

The extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza viruses is highly conserved among all influenza A subtypes, making it a suitable target for a universal influenza vaccine. In this study, we demonstrated an enhanced immune response and protection of a chimeric M2e vaccine against influenza A viruses using our newly developed vaccine platform, the norovirus P particle, to present the M2e peptide. The 23-amino acid peptide was inserted into one of the surface loops of the P protein, resulting in 24 copies of M2e presented on each P particle. Significantly (P <0.001) increased antibody responses to M2e were observed in mice immunized with the P particle-M2e chimera compared with those immunized with the free M2e peptides. Mice immunized with the P particle-M2e vaccine were fully protected (100% survived) against lethal challenge of a mouse adapted human influenza virus PR8 (H1N1), while only low survival rates (< 12.5%) were found in mice immunized with the free M2e peptides or wild type P particle. In addition, the mouse sera collected after immunization with the P particle-M2e vaccine were able to block the binding of norovirus virus-like particle and P particle to histo-blood group antigen receptors. These results suggest that the P particle-M2e chimera can be used as dual vaccine against both noroviruses and influenza viruses.
C1-1: Portfolio Management: Using Lean Tools to Support Project Teams with Grant Management

Background/Aims Group Health Research Institute (GHRI) utilizes Lean tools and techniques to enhance customer service, monitor compliance, and enhance project team interactions and communications. GHRI’s Grants and Contracts Administration (GCA) recently used Lean tools to design and implement a grant “portfolio management” system and process to support Principal Investigators (PIs). The system tracks six key indicators of funded grants: award status, budgetary spend rate, effort reporting, subaward execution, subawardee invoicing, and progress reporting. The process allows issues to be identified, tracked, and resolved early on with the project team before any serious problems arise.
The aryldialkylphosphatase-encoding gene adpB from Nocardia sp. strain B-1: cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli

Using degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligos) derived from the N-terminal sequence of an aryldialkylphosphatase (ADPase) from Nocardia sp. strain B-1, an amplification reaction was used to isolate a DNA segment containing a 57-bp fragment from the adpB gene. Based on the nucleotide (nt) sequence of this fragment, a nondegenerate oligo was synthesized and used to screen a subgenomic library of strain B-1 DNA for fragments containing adpB. A 3.55-kb PstI fragment containing adpB was cloned into Escherichia coli, and the nt sequence of a 1600-bp region containing adpB was determined. Under control of the lac promoter of pUC19, adpB expression in E. coli cultures was approx. 15-fold higher than in strain B-1 under the native adpB promoter. Comparison of adpB with the Flavobacterium ADPase-encoding gene, opd, revealed no significant homology at the nt or aa levels.