cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity with Alpha Methyldopa

Excerpt Carotid sinus hypersensitivity has been defined as asystole lasting 3 sec. or longer or a decrease in blood pressure of 50 mm Hg or more in response to carotid sinus massage, or both (1). S...
Elasto-plastic plate bending analysis by a boundary element method with initial plastic moments

Abstract The analysis of elasto-plastic plate bending using a boundary integral equation formulation is described. The integral equations are solved using standard boundary element techniques. The plasticity, as well as the external lateral load, appears in a domain integral. The solution is obtained by an incremental loading procedure with the initial incremental plastic moments calculated by an iterative method. Several study cases are examined and good agreement is shown with published results obtained by the finite element method.
Systematic analysis of helical protein interfaces reveals targets for synthetic inhibitors

Synthetic inhibitors of protein−protein interactions are being discovered despite the inherent challenge in targeting large contact surfaces with small molecules. An analysis of available examples identifies common features of complexes that make them tractable for small molecules. We deduced that relative disposition and energetic contributions of “hot spot” residues provide a predictive scale for the potential of protein−protein interactions to be inhibited by small molecules. On the basis of this model, we analyzed the full set of helical protein interfaces in the Protein Data Bank to identify those that are potentially suitable candidates for synthetic ligands.
Thermodynamics of the Fe-Cr-C system at 985 K

Carbon solubility and the composition of carbides in the Fe-Cr-C system up to 8.07 pct Cr were measured at 985 K by CH4/H2 gas equilibration. An iron-carbon binary alloy was included in the equilibration as a reference material. The chromium-carbon interaction inα-phase was analyzed by the central atoms model. The Wagner interaction coefficient was determined ase C Cr = -72 ± 2, a significantly higher negative value than in austenitic alloy. The activity coefficient of carbon inα-Fe was determined as logϕ C o = 3.617, which supports the values reported by Swartz and by Chipman. The carbide phase was analyzed as a regular solution of two component carbides, FeC x and CrC x . M7C3 carbide was present in the carbon activity range up toa c = 0.8, while M3C carbide was present at higher carbon activities. Partitioning of chromium betweenα and the carbide phases was measured. The standard Gibbs energies of formation of the two component carbides and the interaction energy parameters were determined for both M7C3 and M3C carbides.
Electrophysiological effects of alprenolol on depressed canine myocardium

The electrophysiological effects of the β-adrenergic antagonist, alprenolol, were compared in normal and depressed canine myocardium. Both (+) and (±)-alprenolol (5 × 10−6 and 10−5 mol·litre−1) decreased action potential amplitude and ![Graphic][1] max in Purkinje fibres superfused with Tyrode's solution in tissue bath. These concentrations shortened action potential duration and effective refractory period of Purkinje fibres but prolonged those of ventricular muscle. Alprenolol more markedly decreased ![Graphic][2] max and sometimes prevented action potential propagation in Purkinje fibres overlying infarcted regions. Similar depressant actions were noted in Purkinje fibres depolarised by exposure to 9 mmol·litre−1 K+. Depolarised and diseased myocardium is more sensitive to alprenolol and the drug's membrane depressant actions may be significant in terminating arrhythmias in such tissue. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Rational design of cytophilic and cytophobic polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films

Nanostructured polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films electrostatically assembled alternately from such polymers as poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were investigated for their in vitro cell interactions. Not surprisingly, NR6WT cells, a highly adhesive murine fibroblast cell line, attached to many different multilayer combinations tested. However, PAH/PAA multilayers constructed at pH deposition conditions of 2.0/2.0 were completely bioinert. Analogous cell interactions were observed with PAH/poly(methacrylic acid) (PAH/PMA), PAH/sulfonated poly(styrene) (PAH/SPS), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/SPS (PDAC/SPS) systems, thereby suggesting a general trend in the fibroblasts' response to multilayers. Specifically, highly ionically stitched films attracted cells, whereas weakly ionically cross-linked multilayers, which swell substantially in physiological conditions to present richly hydrated surfaces, resisted fibroblast attachment. Thus, by manipulating the multi...
Constructivist learning with participatory examinations

Can we improve the examination process, making it more enjoyable and increasing perceived learning? The participatory exam process provides opportunities for students to learn from creating, reading, answering and grading exam questions. An online asynchronous learning network system facilitates the process. This paper presents the process framework, our research model and experimental results. A majority of students preferred the participatory exam and believed that it increased their learning.
Multiplexed detection of bacteria and toxins using a microflow cytometer.

A microfabricated flow cytometer was used to demonstrate multiplexed detection of bacteria and toxins using fluorescent coded microspheres. Antibody-coated microspheres bound biothreat targets in a sandwich immunoassay format. The microfluidic cytometer focused the microspheres in three dimensions within the laser interrogation region using passive groove structures to surround the sample stream with sheath fluid. Optical analysis at four different wavelengths identified the coded microspheres and quantified target bound by the presence of phycoerythrin tracer. The multiplexed assays in the microflow cytometer had performance approaching that of a commercial benchtop flow cytometer. The respective limits of detection for bacteria (Escherichia coli, Listeria, and Salmonella) were found to be 103, 105, and 104 cfu/mL for the microflow cytometer and 103, 106, and 105 cfu/mL for the commercial system. Limits of detection for the toxins (cholera toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and ricin) were 1.6, 0.064, ...
Using Second Life as a Training Tool in an Academic Library

Training is an important factor for successful employee growth within an academic library. The purpose of this article is to scrutinize the option of using the virtual world, Second Life, as a training tool within an academic library. In doing so, various topics will be examined including training within libraries, the use of Second Life in educational settings, and Second Life as a training tool. Second Life offers unique opportunities for training but also presents a definite set of challenges, the first of which is the steep learning curve. Second Life is a virtual world that is being used with varying success as a training technique within corporate settings; however, little has been documented within a library setting. Nonetheless, libraries may find that Second Life can be an asset toward achieving their training goals.
Pulsed excimer laser deposition of potassium titanyl phosphate films

Nonlinear optical thin films of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) have been successfully fabricated by pulsed excimer laser deposition on substrates of sapphire and Si. The films deposited on sapphire substrates in the temperature ranges of 450–550 °C show good crystallinity with preferential (100) and (011) orientations; on silicon, the films are polycrystalline. The stoichiometry of the films has been found to be Ti rich (about 20% higher). The effective refractive index of the films has been evaluated by spectroscopic ellipsometry with values between 1.75 and 2.0 in the spectral region 0.3–0.9 μm, consistent with the bulk value. The deposited films show a promising nonlinear optical response with high second‐harmonic generation efficiency, comparable to that of single‐crystal KTP.
Effect of simulated dew on fallout retention and beta radiation damage to a bean crop

A beta-emitting fallout simulant (very fine sand labeled with varying levels of 90 Y) was applied to a field bean crop Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The foliage was wet or dry in alternate rows at time of application, thus simulating presence or absence of dew conditions. The presence of moisture caused a much larger initial retention of the simulant by the foliage. Dosimetry indicated that the contact dose under moist conditions was substantial, with the wet plants receiving a total dose 60 per cent greater than the dry plants. The yield of string beans was very sensitive to beta radiation and a dose of about 1000 rads to the surface of the apical buds severely reduced the string bean yield. It was estimated that this corresponded to a dose of about 400 rads to the meristematic tissue of these buds. Vegetative growth was much more resistant to the radiation with serious vegetative yield reductions occurring at about 10,000 rads to the surface of the apical buds.
Total and Differential Cross Sections for π - +p-->η+n from Threshold to 1300 MeV.

Author(s): Richards, W. Bruce; Chiu, Charles B.; Eandi, Richard D.; Helmholz, Carl; Kenney, Robert W.; Moyer, Burton J.; Poirier, John A.; Cence, Robert J.; Peterson, Vincent Z.; Sehgal, Narender K.; Stenger, Victor J.
Driving exposure by driver age in Michigan.

Abstract Background This study compared driving exposure between two high-crash-risk groups (16–17 and 18-24-year-olds), with a low-crash-risk group (35-64-year-olds). In addition, patterns of association between driving exposure measures and demographic and driving behavior variables were examined. Methods Respondent's total miles, minutes, and trips driven were calculated within a 48-hour period, using state-wide survey data collected in 2004 and 2005. Results The youngest drivers drove fewer miles and minutes, but a comparable number of trips as the two older groups. Employment and high vehicle access were associated with greater driving exposure for 16-17-year-olds and 18-24-year-olds. Employment, high household income, large household size, and low vehicle access were associated with greater driving exposure for 35-64-year-olds. More driving was done alone than with passengers present and during the day than at night across all ages. There was a positive association between two driving exposure measures (miles and minutes driven) and demographic and driving behavior variables, which did not extend to trips driven. Discussion Driving exposure is directly related to stage of life. The entire sample of 16-17-year-old respondents were in high school, which directly influenced their driving times, destinations, and purpose. Those aged 18–24 years displayed driving behavior patterns that were closer to the older drivers, while retaining some differences. The oldest drivers were likely to be shouldering the greatest household responsibilities, and their greater driving exposure may reflect this reality. Impact on industry These findings provide new information about driving exposure for two high-risk and one low-risk group of drivers. They also raise concern over potential workplace safety issues related to teens’ higher driving exposure, and concomitant crash risk, related to being employed. Future research should examine this issue more carefully so that evidence based recommendations can be made to enhance the safety of teens who are employed, especially those who are employed as drivers.
Mechamatronics: An automotive perspective

The automobile today is primarily a mechanical system focused on the conversion of energy from a variety of forms into mechanical effort and desired motion. Consequently, automobile designers and engineers have traditionally taken mechanically-oriented approaches to solving problems or enhancing the performance and functionality of the automobile. Unfortunately, this way of looking at problems severely limits the options available and has usually led to bulky, massive, inflexible and expensive solutions. Expanding the solution domain beyond the purview of traditional mechanical approaches can enhance the realization of effective solutions. This paper introduces the notion that "Mechamatronics," the integration of mechanical systems, smart materials and electronics, offers new degrees of freedom for achieving this goal.
Black and Latino socioeconomic and political competition: has a decade made a difference?

Using 1980s data, McClain and Kamig (1990) examined the extent of socioeconomic and political competition between Blacks and Latinos in 49 cities that had a population over 25,000 with at least 10%...
Investigations of the Sb/CdTe(100)-(2×1) interfacial structure with photoemission

Abstract Clean CdTe(100) surfaces were generated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). High energy electron diffraction (HEED) and photoemission were used to determine surface quality and to make comparisons with surfaces generated via cycles of ion sputtering and annealing. Photoemission, HEED, and Auger electron spectroscopy were used to study the properties of the Sb/CdTe(100)-(2×1) interface. Photoemission spectra of the Cd 4d and Te 4d core levels showed no changes when Sb was deposited on the clean surface at room temperature. HEED showed that the Sb films where polycrystalline. Annealing caused the polycrystalline films to convert to a sharp (2×2) reconstructed surface. Auger spectra indicated that annealing causes desorption of all but 1 2 monolayer of Sb from the surface. Photoemission spectra of the Cd 4d core level showed a significant depletion in intensity of the surface shifted component. The Sb 4d core level spectrum showed a large shift (0.72 eV) in binding energy in converting from polycrystalline to the (2×2) surface. A model is proposed for the (2×2) surface structure in which Sb atoms are bonded to two Cd atoms,and Cd atoms are bonded to only one Sb atom. In order to satisfy dangling bonds, the Sb atoms also form dimer bonds with each other.
Changes in brain and body temperature of the lizard, Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus during rest and exercise

1. 1. Brain and body temperatures of Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus were monitored while the animals were at rest and during a 30-sec period of unrestrained running. 2. 2. Brain temperature was consistently lower than body temperature at rest. Moreover, there was a relatively rapid decrease in brain temperature during running. 3. 3. Body temperature also decreased during running activity, however, the drop was smaller and slower than the changes in brain temperature. 4. 4. To assess the cooling effects of air passing over the head of a running lizard, brain and body temperatures were also monitored during restrained running activity and when a controlled jet of air was passed over the snout of a stationary lizard. 5. 5. Results suggest that passive cooling by air currents is not sufficient to explain the decrease in brain temperature during running. 6. 6. Active physiological mechanisms, such as a circulatory shunt, and/or evaporation from the oral mucosa, may be operative in the control of brain temperature during running.
A North Carolina Piedmont Application of Protocols for Studying Wet Weather Impacts and Urbanization Patterns

Eight watersheds spanning a gradient of urbanization were used to identify linkages between indicators of aquatic ecosystem health and hydrologic and geomorphic metrics derived from a 20 -year continuous stream flow record. The geomorphic metric used to evaluate linkages is erosion potential calculated using excess shear stress, which describes the energy exerted on the stream channel that is capable of causing bed scour and bank erosion. The hydrologic metric used to evaluate linkages is the duration of time that in -stream flows are above the 0.5 -year return interval peak discharge rage, which is a measure of stream flashiness. The 20 -year continuous stream flow records for each watershed were generated using EPA Storm Water Management (SWMM5) Models calibrated to 18 months of measured flow data. A benthic index of biotic integrity was used as one indicator of aquatic ecosystem health, and was calculated from aquatic macroinvertebrate sampling data collected by the United States Geological Survey in the eight watersheds, ranging from three to eight square miles in size. Various land use and stormwater management practices were modeled in on e of the eight gradient watersheds to determine the effect of these practices on the hydrologic and geomorphic metrics. The influence of development density (percent imperviousness) and of land use patterns, such as the proximity of dense urban development to stream corridors and headwater development versus downstream development, on hydrologic and geomorphic metrics was examined. Additionally, the effects of stormwater management practices such as traditional stormwater detention, water quality control an d low impact development on hydrologic and geomorphic metrics were also examined. Hydrologic and geomorphic metric values generated by the various practices were compared to those generated along the urbanization gradient to identify the management practic es that best generated conditions favorable to meet ecologic targets.
Transforming nationhood from within the minefield: Arab female guerrilla fighters and the politics of peace poetics

Synopsis This research addresses the corpus of war narratives penned by Arab female authors in general, and Hamida Na'na', a Syrian writer in particular. In her novel The Homeland (1979), Na'na' examines the ways in which Arab female guerrilla fighters transform the concept of nationhood from a totalitarian “imagined community,” in Benedict Anderson's (1983) sense, to an all-encompassing, post-war, humanist rhetoric. The experience of the heroine as a former freedom fighter and highjacker convinces her to abandon organized patriarchal paradigms of violence that rely on the propagation of a sacred war myth, and to embrace a peace poetics model in the reconstruction of the national narrative. In the final analysis, the novel endorses post-modern, national definitions of citizenship that are built on the dialogue of words rather than guns—on the constant shifting and reshuffling of all centers of power so as to ensure equal participation of all fragmented and previously—excluded national selves including that of the feminine. The positionality, however, of this counter-feminine, national consciousness has to focus on centering itself in the homeland if it is to succeed in eliminating the hegemony of the essentialist, national narrative. Hence the insistence in this novel on homecoming, even if the first attempts are met with initial disappointments, and even if physical sacrifices leading to death have to be made. The only answer to transforming these essentialist dichotomies lies in deconstructing systematic, institutionalized patterns of violence from within, in advocating human love instead of sectarianism. This goal can only be accomplished if women act as active participants in the construction of a new, national, humanist, aural narrative, and not as voyeurs from the side-lines. Recent theories of location and nationhood such as those by Caren Kaplan (1996) are employed to frame the discussion of this novel and other related texts.
Properties of the mean momentum balance in turbulent boundary layer, pipe and channel flows

The properties of the mean momentum balance in turbulent boundary layer, pipe and channel flows are explored both experimentally and theoretically. Available highquality data reveal a dynamically relevant four-layer description that is a departure from the mean profile four-layer description traditionally and nearly universally ascribed to turbulent wall flows. Each of the four layers is characterized by a pre­ dominance of two of the three terms in the governing equations, and thus the mean dynamics of these four layers are unambiguously defined. The inner normalized physical extent of three of the layers exhibits significant Reynolds-number dependence. The scaling properties of these layer thicknesses are determined. Particular signi­ ficance is attached to the viscous/Reynolds-stress-gradient balance layer since its thickness defines a required length scale. Multiscale analysis (necessarily incomplete) substantiates the four-layer structure in developed turbulent channel flow. In parti­ cular, the analysis verifies the existence of at least one intermediate layer, with its own characteristic scaling, between the traditional inner and outer layers. Other information is obtained, such as (i) the widths (in order of magnitude) of the four layers, (ii) a flattening of the Reynolds stress profile near its maximum, and (iii) the asymptotic increase rate of the peak value of the Reynolds stress as the Reynolds num ber approaches infinity. Finally, on the basis of the experimental observation that the velocity increments over two of the four layers are unbounded with increasing Reynolds num ber and have the same order of magnitude, there is additional theore­ tical evidence (outside traditional arguments) for the asymptotically logarithmic character of the mean velocity profile in two of the layers; and (in order of magnitude) the mean velocity increments across each of the four layers are determined. All of these results follow from a systematic train of reasoning, using the averaged momentum balance equation together with other minimal assumptions, such as that the mean velocity increases monotonically from the wall.
Flood Frequency Analysis in the United States: Time to Update

A large portion of the U.S. population, infrastructure, and industry is located in flood-prone areas. As a result, floods cause an average of nearly 140 deaths and cost roughly $6 billion annually excluding flooding caused by Hurricane Katrina, which cost $200 billion alone www.usgs.gov/hazards/floods/; USGS 2006 . The 1993 Midwest flooding along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers caused $20 billion in damages. Furthermore, these estimates neglect the real costs associated with loss of personal possessions and shattered lives and communities. With Hurricane Katrina August 2005 and recent floods in the Northeast June 2006 , Ohio winter 2007 , Texas–Oklahoma June 2007 , and central England July 2007 , it seems like damaging floods have been in the news daily over the last few years. While engineers cannot stop floods from occurring, they should seek structural and nonstructural strategies to reduce the risk of large economic losses, social vulnerability, environmental damage, and loss of life IFMRC 1994 . Development of economically efficient and rational plans requires good estimates of the risk of flooding. In the United States, that computation is done following guidelines in Bulletin 17, for which the latest update, Bulletin 17B, was published in 1982 IACWD 1982 . That update includes the skew map published 30 years ago in the original Bulletin 17 WRC 1976 , and a list of areas needing additional research. Bulletin 17B has served the nation for over 30 years; it is a remarkable document that has withstood the test of time and use. However, given long-standing problems listed in the document, recent advances that address those problems, and the current national interest in flood risk, the time has arrived to update Bulletin 17B to maintain the statistical credibility of the guidelines and to provide accurate risk and uncertainty assessments.
Restrictive lung disease in rats exposed chronically to an urban profile of ozone.

The potential for irreversible lung impairment resulting from life-long ozone (O3) exposure remains uncertain. To address this question, young adult rats (male, F-344) were exposed to a simulated urban profile of O3 for 1, 3, 13, 52, or 78 wk, after which pulmonary function tests were performed. To assess reversibility of effects, cohorts from the 13-, 52-, and 78-wk groups were evaluated, respectively, after an additional 6, 27, and 17 wk of clean air. Static and dynamic lung properties were based on measurements of lung volume apportionment, respiratory system compliance (Crs), DLCO, multibreath N2 washout, and maximum expiratory flow-volume relationships. Electrocardiography was also performed in unanesthetized, restrained rats after 52 and 78 wk, as were determinations of wet and dry lung weights, lung collagen, and associated connective tissue crosslinks. Small (< 10%) but significant reductions in TLC and RV were noted after 13, 52, and 78 wk of O3 exposure. At 13 and 52 wk, N2 washout was enhanced, though at 78 wk it was similar to control. None of these changes appeared progressive with continued O3 exposure. Post exposure to clean air did not completely reverse the reduction in TLC. Additionally, Crs, though not affected during O3 exposure, decreased during the air recovery. No O3-related changes in collagen were apparent, however. Thus, near life-long exposure of F-344 rats to a worse-case, urban profile of O3 appears to have led to a functionally restrictive, i.e. "stiffened," lung without overt fibrosis. Furthermore, certain aspects of the O3-induced effect were not fully reversible.
Identification of Novel Listeria monocytogenes Secreted Virulence Factors following Mutational Activation of the Central Virulence Regulator, PrfA

Upon bacterial entry into the cytosol of infected mammalian host cells, the central virulence regulator PrfA of Listeria monocytogenes becomes activated and induces the expression of numerous factors which contribute to bacterial pathogenesis. The mechanism or signal by which PrfA becomes activated during the course of infection has not yet been determined; however, several amino acid substitutions within PrfA (known as PrfA* mutations) that appear to lock the protein into a constitutively activated state have been identified. In this study, the PrfA activation statuses of several L. monocytogenes mutant strains were subjected to direct isogenic comparison and the mutant with the highest activity, the prfA(L140F) mutant, was identified. The prfA(L140F) strain was subsequently used as a tool to identify gene products secreted as a result of PrfA activation. By use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectroscopy analyses, 15 proteins were identified as up-regulated in the prfA(L140F) secretome, while the secretion of two proteins was found to be reduced. Although some of the proteins identified were known to be subject to direct regulation by PrfA, the majority have not previously been associated with PrfA regulation and their expression or secretion may be influenced indirectly by a PrfA-dependent regulatory pathway. Plasmid insertion inactivation of the genes encoding four novel secreted products indicated that three of the four have significant roles in L. monocytogenes virulence. The use of mutationally activated prfA alleles therefore provides a useful approach towards identifying gene products that contribute to L. monocytogenes pathogenesis.
Broad exploration or precise specificity: Two basic information seeking patterns among students

This article investigates whether information seeking patterns can be related to discipline differences, study approaches, and personality traits. A quantitative study of 305 master's thesis students' information behavior found that their information seeking tended to be either exploratory or precise. Statistical analyses showed that inner traits seemed more influential than discipline characteristics on information behavior. Exploration or specificity was manifested in terms of both the level and scope of information students wished to retrieve and the way they searched for it.
What Are Centered Worlds

David Lewis argues that centered worlds give us a way to capture de se, or selflocating, contents in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. In recent years, centered worlds have also gained other uses in areas ranging widely from metaphysics to ethics. In this paper, I raise a problem for centered worlds and discuss the costs and beneĕts of different solutions. My investigation into the nature of centered worlds brings out potentially problematic implicit commitments of the theories that employ them. In addition, my investigation shows that the conception of centered worlds widely attributed to David Lewis is not only problematic, but in fact not his.
IknowUshould2: Feasibility of a Youth-Driven Social Media Campaign to Promote STI and HIV Testing Among Adolescents in Philadelphia

A youth-driven, social media-based campaign aimed at improving knowledge about and increasing testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV among youth 13-17 years old was assessed by: tracking website/social media use throughout the campaign; online survey of knowledge of and attitudes towards STI testing 9 months after campaign launch; and comparing rates of STI testing at affiliated family planning clinics during the 1 year period immediately prior versus 1 year immediately after campaign launch. Over 1,500 youth were reached via social media. Survey results showed 46 % of youth had never been tested, but 70 % intended to test in the next 6 months. While the total number of GC/CT tests conducted and positive results were not significantly different pre- and post-campaign, there was a large increase in the proportion of visits at which Syphilis (5.4 vs. 18.8 %; p < 0.01) and HIV (5.4 vs. 19.0 %; p < 0.01) testing was conducted post-campaign launch. Future campaigns should incorporate lessons learned about engaging younger adolescents, social media strategies, and specific barriers to testing in this age group.
Distributed approach for mitigating coverage loss in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

In a heterogeneous wireless sensor network, nodes with different sensing capabilities are dispersed throughout an area of interest. Nodes with similar capabilities are not necessarily collocated. When a node fails, the area in the vicinity of such a node is left uncovered and the application may be negatively impacted. In this paper, we present a distributed algorithm for mitigating the coverage loss caused by the failure of a sensor node. The proposed algorithm looks for one or multiple nodes that can be repositioned in order to fill the coverage gap. A search is conducted within the 2-hop neighborhood to identify a node or a combination of multiple nodes that collectively possess the capabilities of the failed node. In order to maximize the performance of the network, the repositioned nodes are chosen such that there is a minimum coverage and connectivity impact on the network after the recovery. In addition, the distance a node will travel to replace the failed node is also taken into consideration to limit the recovery overhead. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through simulation.
Ethics in Higher Education: Red Flags and Grey Areas

Although many professional organizations have adopted formal and well-established codes of ethics (e.g. the Canadian Psychological Association, the American Medical Association), the academic profession has not. Furthermore, while there have been articles written about ethics in higher education, there has not been a thorough analysis of feminist contributions to this literature, or sufficient attention to matters related to, for instance, race, class and/or sexuality, and how these factors intersect with age and academic rank in determining the parameters of ethical dilemmas. This article is a step toward promoting discussion about the usefulness of an academic code of ethics in college and university settings. We rely on a code of ethics developed by the Feminist Therapy Institute, as well as a step-by-step decision-making framework to demonstrate how open forums and self-reflexivity about, for example, professional boundaries, conflict resolution and oppression, will help expand and redefine notions of...
Intramural Atrial Hematoma After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Tachyarrhythmias

A 50-year-old woman with a 10-year history of recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias consisting of atrial fibrillation and typical/atypical atrial flutter underwent radiofrequency ablation. She underwent electrical isolation of all 4 pulmonary veins for treatment of the atrial fibrillation, and then cavotricuspid ablation for typical right-sided atrial flutter. We noted that one of the atrial flutters had originated from the coronary sinus; thus, ablation was attempted within the coronary sinus to electrically isolate it. After the procedure, the patient was noted to be hypotensive. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large pericardial effusion with obliteration of the right ventricle and tamponade physiology (Figure 1A and Movie I). She underwent successful pericardiocentesis, and an …
Metavisual Exploration and Analysis of DEVise Coordination in Improvise

Conceptualizing the interactive structure of visualization tools is critical for successful exploration and analysis. As the prominence of multiple coordinated views in visualization increases, better understanding of coordination becomes more and more important for developing improved coordination models that lead to farther reaching applications of coordination. This paper describes how metavisual exploration and analysis of coordination structure and view layout in DEVise visualizations evolved from hand-drawn diagrams to custom-coded software to two Improvise visualizations. The coordination and visual abstraction models implemented in Improvise can be clearly traced back to earlier models implemented in DEVise.
Load Disturbance Resistance Speed Controller Design for PMSM

This paper presents an linear-quadratic-regulator-based proportional-integral-differential equivalent controller design method for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The disturbance rejection is achieved based on a multi-objective observer in which observation error is purposely retained and utilized in load disturbance compensation. This makes disturbance rejection tuning independent of the adjustment for speed command tracking; and the disturbance compensation is an integrated part of the controller output, which reduces the chance of input or state saturation. A robust stability analysis is also included for the modeling error. The proposed methodology is implemented through the dSPACE digital signal processor system, and the experimental result confirms its effectiveness
Design And Evaluation Of An Internet Study Tool As A Data Collection Device

This paper describes the design, capabilities, strengths and weaknesses of a tool that collects data from subjects through the Internet. The Internet tool was designed for students studying cardinalities, a difficult data modeling topic frequently taught in the accounting information systems course. The Internet tool was able to observe usage and task accomplishments of subjects. We used these observations to learn characteristics about tool usage and to compare computer-recorded and self-reported data. These comparisons allow us to evaluate the Internet tool as a data collection device.
Paralytic Shellfish Poisons

Paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) are the toxins responsible for acute and often fatal poisonings caused by the consumption of certain shellfish. The phenomenon has been known since prehistoric times. A thorough docuinen tation of the incidents can be found in HALSTEAD’S treatise on poisonousmarine organisms (7). Saxitoxin (1) was the first toxin reeognized in toxic shellfish, but reeently a series of new toxins has been discovered in various specimens. The toxins have particular importance as pharmacological tools because of their unique action against sodium Channels in the excitable membrane. Earlier accounts of toxin research were reviewed by Schantz (2) and Shimizu (3).
Goal Programming-Based Approach to Identify Sustainable Product Service System Designs

Product service systems (PSS), when designed appropriately, are one approach to increase sustainable production and consumption. For this, PSS design must consider: triple-bottom line; total life-cycle stages from pre-manufacturing, manufacturing and use to post-use; and 6Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, redesign and remanufacture) for closed-loop material flow. A preliminary model for sustainable PSS was developed in an earlier work for profit maximization. Here, Goal Programming (GP) is applied where profit, energy consumption and customer satisfaction are considered as goals for optimization. The results from the GP model are compared with that from profit maximization to evaluate effectiveness of alternate models.
Requirements for Biological Threat Identification Systems

Rapid identification of bioterrorism or biological warfare agents is most urgent within the first 24 h after an attack (1–3). After that period, the ability to affect the prognosis of patients that have been infected with a highly virulent organism, such as Bacillus anthracis, sharply declines (2). For less virulent organisms, identification during the pre-symptomatic stage is critical because the clinical picture is often confusing. Some patients may present with “flu-like” symptoms, rash or unusual skin lesions, respiratory or gastrointestinal illness (1,4–5). Definitive identification of biological threats requires an integrated approach (see Fig. 1). No single identification technology is sufficient to definitively identify biological threats because of the microbial diversity, an often confusing clinical presentation, the close antigenic and genetic relatedness of some biological agents (see Table 1) and the consequences of misidentification (1,4–8). A system of overlapping technologies and approaches are required to achieve the highest level of confidence and decrease the number of “false alarms” (9). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not reviewed the performance of many technologies proposed for the rapid identification of biological threat agents. All identifications must be confirmed by using “gold standard” or FDA-approved methods, such as bacterial culture. In the future, first responders, medical care providers, and laboratories will need a combination of overlapping diagnostic approaches tied together by a robust information management system when responding to a bioterrorism attack (9).
Muscular dystrophy in the absence of testicular degeneration in vitamin E deficiency.

ConclusionsIn contradistinction to the rat, the skeletal muscles of the male rabbit with a partial or complete dietary deficiency of vitamin E are, under the conditions employed, more sensitive to morphological alterations than the testes. The absence of testicular degeneration in the rabbit does not preclude the existence of vitamin E deficiency and necrosis of the skeletal muscles.
Child Poverty: Definition and Measurement

This article provides a discussion of what we mean when we refer to 'child poverty.' Many images come to mind when we discuss child poverty, but when we try to measure and quantify the extent of child poverty, we often use a very narrow concept. In this article a variety of poverty measures that are used in the United States are described and some of the differences between those measures are illustrated. In this article 3 measures are explored in detail: a relative measure of poverty that is used more often in an international context, the official US poverty measure, and a new supplemental poverty measure (SPM). The new measure differs from the other 2 because it takes into account noncash benefits that are provided to poor families. These include nutrition assistance such as food stamps, subsidized housing, and home energy assistance. The SPM also takes account of necessary expenses that families face, such as taxes and expenses related to work and health care. Comparing estimates for 2012, the SPM showed lower poverty rates for children than the other 2 measures. Because noncash benefits help those in extreme poverty, there were also lower percentages of children in extreme poverty with resources below half the SPM threshold. These results suggest that 2 important measures of poverty, the relative measure used in international comparisons, and the official poverty measure, are not able to gauge the effect of government programs on the alleviation of poverty, and the SPM illustrates that noncash benefits do help families meet their basic needs.
Ninety-four cases of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A name change to Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features would help prevent overtreatment.

Ninety-four cases of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A name change to Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features would help prevent overtreatment
A Smoking Cessation Campaign on Twitter: Understanding the Use of Twitter and Identifying Major Players in a Health Campaign

The current study examined the use of online social media for a health campaign. Collecting tweets (N = 1,790) about the recent smoking cessation campaign by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the current study investigated the dissemination of health campaign messages on Twitter and answered questions from the process evaluation of health campaigns: who tweeted about the campaign, who played central roles in disseminating health campaign messages, and how various features of Twitter were used for sharing of campaign messages. Results showed that individuals and nonprofit organizations posted frequently about the campaign: Individuals and nonprofit organizations posted about 40% and 30% of campaign-related tweets, respectively. Although the campaign under investigation was steered by a government agency, nonprofit organizations played a vital role as mediators who disseminated campaign messages. The culture of retweeting demonstrated its particular usefulness for the dissemination of campaign...
Examining the robustness of the obesity paradox in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a marginal structural model analysis.

Author(s): Doshi, Megha; Streja, Elani; Rhee, Connie M; Park, Jongha; Ravel, Vanessa A; Soohoo, Melissa; Moradi, Hamid; Lau, Wei Ling; Mehrotra, Rajnish; Kuttykrishnan, Sooraj; Kovesdy, Csaba P; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Chen, Joline LT | Abstract: BackgroundThe inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality observed in patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), also known as the obesity paradox, may be a result of residual confounding. Marginal structural model (MSM) analysis, a technique that accounts for time-varying confounders, may be more appropriate to investigate this association. We hypothesize that after applying MSM, the inverse association between BMI and mortality in MHD patients is attenuated.MethodsWe examined the associations between BMI and all-cause mortality among 123 624 adult MHD patients treated during 2001-6. We examined baseline and time-varying BMI using Cox proportional hazards models and MSM while considering baseline and time-varying covariates, including demographics, comorbidities and markers of malnutrition and inflammation.ResultsThe patients included 45% women and 32% African Americans with a mean age of 61(SD 15) years. In all models, BMI showed a linear incremental inverse association with mortality. Compared with the reference (BMI 25 to l27.5 kg/m(2)), a BMI of l18 kg/m(2) was associated with a 3.2-fold higher death risk [hazard ratio (HR) 3.17 (95% CI 3.05-3.29)], and mortality risks declined with increasing BMI with the greatest survival advantage of 31% lower risk [HR 0.69 (95% CI 0.64-0.75)] observed with a BMI of 40 to l45 kg/m(2).ConclusionsThe linear inverse relationship between BMI and mortality is robust across models including MSM analyses that more completely account for time-varying confounders and biases.
Assessment of the Surgical Margins

The local treatment of breast cancer has evolved significantly in the last 100 years. This was based on the notion that the removal of the entire breast and its lymphatic drainage area (axilla) would achieve not only local but also distant disease control. This Halstedian approach changed to modified radical mastectomy (MRM), when a better understanding developed that the treatment failure despite such a radical procedure was due to early dissemination of tumor cells, prior to surgical intervention. The pivotal study National Surgical Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-04 showed equivalency of simple mastectomy plus radiation to MRM.
Analysis of posttranslational regulations in the Neurospora circadian clock.

Posttranslational modification of circadian clock proteins by phosphorylation is an essential regulatory process in the control of eukaryotic circadian clocks. In the Neurospora circadian clock, the key clock protein FREQUENCY (FRQ) is progressively phosphorylated. The phosphorylation of FRQ is regulated by both kinases and phosphatases, and the phosphorylation is important for regulating FRQ stability and its function in the circadian negative feedback loop. The degradation of FRQ is mediated by the ubiquitin⧸proteasome pathway. This article discusses posttranslational regulations of the Neurospora clock and describes the methods used in the studies of FRQ phosphorylation, FRQ kinases and phosphatases, and FRQ degradation.
Physics-based turbine power models for a Variable Geometry Turbocharger

Control-oriented models for Variable Geometry Turbochargers (VGT) typically calculate the turbine power based on isentropic assumptions with a fixed or a map based value for the turbocharger mechanical efficiency. While the fixed efficiency assumption is an obvious over simplification, the map based approach, on the other hand, may not be globally accurate due to the need for interpolation between varying vane positions and extrapolation when the turbocharger is operating outside the mapped region. In this paper physics-based models of turbine power as well as the power loss are developed, utilizing the VGT vane position and the shaft speed. This makes it possible to define the mechanical efficiency as a function of the vane position thereby eliminating the above mentioned uncertainties as well as allowing a smooth extension over the entire operating range. The proposed model is validated against a few sets of test data from both steady state and transient operations.
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Medical Complications

The objective of this review is to summarize the collective knowledge regarding the risks and complications in vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation (VCA), focusing on upper extremity and facial transplantation. The field of VCA has entered its second decade with an increasing experience in both the impressive good outcomes, as well as defining challenges, risks, and experienced poor results. The limited and selective publishing of negative outcomes in this relatively new field makes it difficult to conclusively evaluate outcomes of graft and patient survival and morbidities. Therefore, published data, conference proceedings, and communications were summarized in an attempt to provide a current outline of complications. These data on the medical complications of VCA should allow for precautions to avoid poor outcomes, data to better provide informed consent to potential recipients, and result in improvements in graft and patient outcomes as VCA finds a place as a therapeutic option for selected patients.