cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Network Topology to Supplement High Assurance Systems

We explore strategies for manipulating the topology of a network to promote increased and pragmatic high assurance. Topology matters to network threats and security, and the relative distance between nodes can impact the rate of dispersion of viruses, as well as access times in denial of service(DoS), probing, and insider threat attacks. We suggest methods to separate threatening and threatened nodes with enough hops to reduce and degrade risks. This analysis provides network analysts with an option to include other measures such as risk to the construction and management of high assurance systems. We consider a scaled down model to demonstrate the proof of concept using artificial data. Specifically, we explore the efficacy of ring networks and the structure that occurs on k-hop networks when there are a prime number of nodes. This provides strategies and processes for real network operators to include information about risks associated with network participants. We consider a scaled down model to demonstrate the proof of concept using artificial data. Specifically, we explore the efficacy of ring networks and the structure that occurs on k-hop networks when there are a prime number of nodes. This provides strategies and processes for real network operators to include information about risks associated with network participants.
Electron tunneling in proteins program

We developed a unique integrated software package (called Electron Tunneling in Proteins Program or ETP) which provides an environment with different capabilities such as tunneling current calculation, semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculation, and molecular modeling simulation for calculation and analysis of electron transfer reactions in proteins. ETP program is developed as a cross-platform client-server program in which all the different calculations are conducted at the server side while only the client terminal displays the resulting calculation outputs in the different supported representations. ETP program is integrated with a set of well-known computational software packages including Gaussian, BALLVIEW, Dowser, pKip, and APBS. In addition, ETP program supports various visualization methods for the tunneling calculation results that assist in a more comprehensive understanding of the tunneling process. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four-wave mixing microscopy with electronic contrast of individual carbon nanotubes

We review an extensive study of the factors that influence the intensity of coherent, nonlinear four-wave mixing (FWM) in carbon nanotubes, with particular attention to the variability inherent to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Through a combination of spatial imaging and spectroscopy applied to hundreds of individual SWNTs in optoelectronic devices, the FWM response is shown to vary systematically with free-carrier concentration. This dependence is manifested both in the intrinsic SWNT band structure and also by extrinsic and environmental effects. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the SWNT FWM signal by investigating SWNTs transferred from one substrate to another, before and after the introduction of chemical damage, and with chemical and electrostatic doping. The results demonstrate FWM as a sensitive technique for interrogating SWNT optoelectronic properties.
Management of Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Cabbage by Using Plant Resistance and Insecticides

Control of Thrips tabaci Lindeman was evaluated using insecticides and host plant resistance. In 7 insecticide trials conducted from 1987 to 1996, using a total of 17 different insecticides, insecticide applications reduced thrips damage in only 2 of the trials. In 8 plant resistance trials conducted from 1985 to 1993 using >300 varieties or inbreds, some plant lines significantly reduced thrips injury in each trial. A 1996 trial testing variety and insecticide together found that both factors significantly affected thrips damage, although their interaction was not significant. Insecticide treatments in the 1996 experiment were unnecessary for the more tolerant varieties but helped reduce damage to acceptable levels in many of the moderately susceptible cultivars. In the highly susceptible varieties, we concluded that even the frequent application of insecticides was not sufficient to keep thrips damage at acceptable levels. Planting tolerant varieties, however, is a reliable way to keep thrips damage at low levels, even without insecticides.
Surface Morphology of Nafion at Hydrated and Dehydrated Conditions

The relation between proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydration and fuel cell performance has been well documented at the macroscopic scale. Understanding how changes in membrane water content affect the organization of proton conducting domains at the micrometer and submicrometer scales is a sought-after goal in the rational design of higher performing PEMs. Using atomic force microscopy phase and current imaging, we have resolved proton conducting domains at the surface of Nafion membranes at dehydrated, ambient, and hydrated conditions, observing a unique morphology at each membrane water content. At ambient conditions, Nafion’s surface morphology resembles that proposed in the parallel-pore and bicontinuous network models, with the exception that hydrophilic domains are larger at the surface of Nafion compared to the bulk. At hydrated conditions, a network of wormlike, insulating domains extends several micrometers over Nafion’s surface with more conductive, water-rich regions found between these fibril...
PREFERENTIAL MATING AND THE MAINTENANCE OF THE SEX-LIMITED DIMORPHISM IN PAPILIO GLAUCUS: EVIDENCE FROM LABORATORY MATINGS.

A unique case of sex-limited mimicry occurs in the eastern Tiger Swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus (L.). The females of this species occur in two morphs: A black form mimics Battus philenor (L.), a black butterfly species which is unpalatable to avian predators (Brower, 1958; Platt et al., 1971); a nonmimetic yellow form is similar to the male coloration. Males are not mimetic, occurring only in the yellow form. This sex-limited dimorphism is found largely in P. glaucus populations which are sympatric with B. philenor. Brower and Brower (1962) and Burns (1966) have summarized the literature on the distribution of these two species. This mimetic polymorphism is unique in that evidence indicates that the locus which controls it is on the Y-chromosome (Clarke and Sheppard, 1962b). To date, the simplest hypothesis explaining the existing data is complete Y-linkage, with occasional segregating broods resulting from some chromosomal abnormality. Thus, this dimorphism cannot be maintained by heterozygote advantage. The maintenance of this dimorphism in populations of P. glaucus sympatric with B. philenor has generated considerable discussion. Clarke and Sheppard (1962b) suggested that mimicry or a combination of mimicry and migration might account for the maintenance of the dimorphism.
Nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma of larynx: An underdiagnosed entity.

Background Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinomas are very rare and have a very poor survival rate. The most common sites of involvement include the nasal cavity, sinus, and mediastinum. Laryngeal NUT midline carcinoma is extremely rare, with only 2 cases reported thus far. Here, we are describing another case of NUT laryngeal carcinoma. Methods and Results The patient was a light smoker and nondrinker who presented with upper respiratory tract obstruction. Imaging and laryngoscopic evaluation revealed a large intraluminal laryngeal mass. Biopsy demonstrated poorly differentiated carcinoma with intact mucosa and only focal coexpression of CK5/6 and p40. NUT protein immune-stain positivity conclusively established the diagnosis of NUT midline carcinoma. Conclusion Absence of well-known risk factors, pathologic finding of lack of mucosal involvement and lack of squamous differentiation with poorly differentiated carcinoma, should prompt clinicians to consider this rare entity as a possible diagnosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:E2471–E2474, 2016
How Situational Mindfulness During Conflict Stress Relates to Well-Being

Mindfulness has typically been studied within the individual, yet its benefits may be particularly important in the context of interpersonal relationships and managing the stress that arises in these relationships. This study examined effects of mindfulness during relationship conflict on romantic partners’ global well-being and the mediating role of positive/negative affect surrounding the conflict. Adult heterosexual couples (103 dyads) participated in two laboratory sessions, the second involving a conflict resolution task. The curiosity component of mindfulness during conflict predicted partners’ well-being via increased positive affect surrounding the conflict. These effects emerged while controlling for general trait mindfulness, highlighting a unique effect of mindfulness during conflict. No effects for the decentering component of mindfulness or for negative affect were found. Implications for understanding mindfulness mechanisms in positive psychosocial functioning and targeting mindfulness interventions are discussed.
Funding Civil Society? Bilateral Government Support for Development NGOs

Research on the determinants of foreign aid tends to focus on the relationship between donor country priorities and recipient state characteristics, but donors also make decisions about which organizations and programs within countries will receive assistance. Although NGOs increasingly have been recipients of foreign aid, few data are available to investigate which organizations within a given country receive that funding. Donors may prioritize structural characteristics of NGOs or their local ties—or they may seek a combination that blends concern about efficiency and accountability with an interest in developing national civil society. We use original data from Cambodia to explore whether aid is likely to go to managerial organizations (professionalized NGOs and NGOs that utilize modern management tools) or to organizations that are embedded in the domestic context. We argue that managerialism provides legitimacy for NGOs by signaling capacity and accountability to donors, increasing the likelihood of government funding. We argue that local embeddedness also confers legitimacy by aligning community ties and networks to rights-based development, increasing the likelihood of government funding. We find general support for the managerialism argument, but donor agencies do not prioritize direct funding for “indigenous” NGOs—not even among those with high levels of managerialism.
Selection and Use of Support Media for Classroom Instruction: Part 6. Videotape

Videotape represents an instructional tool that can add a new dimension of flexibility to teaching, whether the user has available only the basic videotape recording (VTR) equipment or has access to an in-house production unit capable of high-level technical quality. Several basic principles and guidelines for production and use of videotapes are presented that will enable an instructor to expand the function of this technology in teaching. Experimentation with and utilization of existing videotape equipment and capabilities can present rewarding possibilities for fulfilling teaching responsibilities and making student learning experiences more valuable as preparation for the practice of health care delivery.
Adjuvant Radiosurgery Versus Serial Surveillance Following Subtotal Resection of Atypical Meningioma: A Systematic Analysis

Background Atypical meningioma (AM) is an aggressive subtype of meningioma associated with a high recurrence rates (RR) following surgical resection. Recent studies have compared outcomes of various treatment strategies, but advantages of adjuvant radiosurgery (ARS) over serial surveillance (SS) following subtotal resection (STR) remain unclear. To further elucidate this issue, we systematically analyzed the current literature on AM and compared outcomes of ARS versus SS after STR. Methods Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were queried using relevant search terms. Retrospective case series that described patients with AM treated with ARS and SS after STR were included. Tests of proportions were performed to detect significant variations in RR, 5-year progression-free survival (PFS), and 5-year overall survival (OS) between the treatment strategies (ARS vs. SS) and among individual studies. Results A total of 619 patients (263 in the ARS group and 356 in the SS group) were identified. Mean RR, 5-year PFS, and 5-year OS were 53.5%, 50.3%, and 74.9%, respectively, for ARS versus 89.8%, 19.1%, and 89.8% for SS. RR differed between treatment strategies and ARS studies ( P P P = 0.007, and P Conclusions The data presented here show significant differences in RR and 5-year PFS between ARS and SS, suggesting a potential benefit of ARS. As our understanding of the clinical outcomes of various treatment strategies for AM increases, we also move closer to integrating modalities, such as radiosurgery, into management guidelines.
Electrically tunable transport and high-frequency dynamics in antiferromagnetic S r 3 I r 2 O 7

We report dc and high-frequency transport properties of antiferromagnetic $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{3}\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. Temperature-dependent resistivity measurements show that the activation energy of this material can be tuned by an applied dc electrical bias. The latter allows for continuous variations in the sample resistivity of as much as 50% followed by a reversible resistive switching at higher biases. Such a switching is of high interest for antiferromagnetic applications in high-speed memory devices. Interestingly, we found the switching behavior to be strongly affected by a high-frequency (microwave) current applied to the sample. The microwaves at 3--7 GHz suppress the dc switching and produce resonancelike features that we tentatively associated with the dissipationless magnonics recently predicted to occur in antiferromagnetic insulators subject to ac electric fields. We have characterized the effects of microwave irradiation on electronic transport in $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{3}\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ as a function of microwave frequency and power, strength and direction of external magnetic field, strength and polarity of applied dc bias, and temperature. Our observations support the potential of antiferromagnetic materials for high-speed/high-frequency spintronic applications.
Epidermal activation of the small GTPase Rac1 in psoriasis pathogenesis

The small GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) plays a central role in skin homeostasis, including barrier function, wound healing and inflammatory responses. Psoriasis is a common skin disease characterized by deregulation of these functions, and affected skin exhibit keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation and immune cell infiltration. Although psoriasis is often triggered by environmental stimulus, there is a strong genetic association with genes expressed in both immune cells and keratinocytes, of which several are linked to Rac1 signaling. Rac1 is highly active in human psoriatic lesional skin and keratinocytes, and keratinocyte-specific overexpression of an activated mutant of Rac1, Rac1V12, in a transgenic mouse model closely mimics the presentation of human psoriasis. Both Rac1 activation in keratinocytes and immune derived stimulus are required to drive psoriasiform signaling in transgenic mouse and human xenograft models of psoriasis. Therefore, understanding how increased Rac1 activation in psoriatic epidermis is regulated is central to understanding how the abnormal crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells is maintained.
Modelling of optical aberrations caused by light propagation in mouse cranial bone using second harmonic generation imaging

Multiphoton imaging through the bone to image into the bone marrow or the brain is an emerging need in the scientific community. Due to the highly scattering nature of bone, bone thinning or removal is typically required to enhance the resolution and signal intensity at the imaging plane. The optical aberrations and scattering in the bone significantly affect the resolution and signal to noise ratio of deep tissue microscopy. Multiphoton microscopy uses long wavelength (nearinfrared and infrared) excitation light to reduce the effects of scattering. However, it is still susceptible to optical aberrations and scattering since the light propagates through several layers of media with inhomogeneous indices of refraction. Mechanical removal of bone is highly invasive, laborious, and cannot be applied in experiments where imaging inside of the bone is desired. Adaptive optics technology can compensate for these optical aberrations and potentially restore the diffraction limited point spread function of the system even in deep tissue. To design an adaptive optics system, a priori knowledge of the sample structure assists selection of the proper correction element and sensing methods. In this work we present the characterization of optical aberrations caused by mouse cranial bone, using second harmonic generation imaging of bone collagen. We simulate light propagation through the bone, calculate aberrations and determine the correction that can be achieved using a deformable mirror.
A power-efficient implementation of in-band full-duplex communication system (ReflectFX)

We propose a power-efficient implementation for ReflectFX, an in-band full-duplex wireless communication system. ReflectFX is based on backscatter modulation where the electromagnetic waves are modulated and reflected by the same antenna that receives them. With ReflectFX, the end-user receives self-interference free signals. At the end-user receiver, we use a bi-directional amplifier to amplify the reflected wave while providing sufficient power at the end-user demodulator. The bidirectional amplifier consists of two identical reflection amplifier using negative resistance and a 90°, −3dB branch line coupler (BLC). A phase shifter circuit, which consists of four microstrip transmission lines, has been used to apply QPSK modulation to the reflected power. The designed ReflectFX end-user circuit, with power consumption of only 90μW, provides 17 dB and 16.8 dB reflection and transfer gains, respectively.
Use of Organizational Design Features in Purchasing

Due to abolition of the Multi Fiber Agreements, supply chain management has become a crucial issue in the garment industry in which purchasing plays a major role. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the extent of the use of organizational design features in purchasing and their influence on the purchasing performance of 40 garment manufacturing firms. Twenty-three organizational design features in 3 broad categories were used to group the firms. Purchasing performance was measured by using 5 factors. Analysis revealed 2 significantly different groups in terms of 19 organizational design features. Group One consisted of small firms whereas the other consisted of larger firms. The extent of use of all categories of organizational design features was greater in Group Two compared to Group One. Firms that used greater extent of organizational design features achieved better performance in purchasing.
Luminescent cadmium 5-sulfoisophthalate dipyridylpiperazine coordination polymers with ladder, interpenetrated binodal net, or nanotube-embedded layer topologies

Abstract The conformationally flexible dipyridyl ligands bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (3-bpmp), bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (4-bpmp) and bis(4-pyridylmethyl)homopiperazine (4-bpmh) have been utilized to prepare the cadmium 5-sulfoisophthalate (sip) coordination polymers {[Cd2(sip)2(3-bpmpH2)(H2O)4]·19H2O}n (1), {[Cd2(sip)2(4-bpmpH2)(4-bpmp)]·4H2O}n (2), and {[Cd(sip)(4-bpmhH)]·11H2O}n (3). Compound 1 possesses 1D ladder motifs with parallel [Cd(sip)]nn− chains strutted by doubly protonated 3-bpmpH22+ rungs. [Cd(sip)]nn− ribbons with bound sip sulfonate groups are present in both 2 and 3, but different geometric dispositions of the pyridyl arms of the tethering ligands effect a variance in dimensionality. The “linear” 4-bpmpH ligands in 2 link [Cd(sip)]nn− ribbons into a 3-fold interpenetrated 3,5-connected binodal 3D lattice with (426)(426583) topology. In contrast, pairs of curled 4-bpmhH ligands in 3 connect [Cd(sip)]nn− ribbons into a unique 2,3,5-trinodal looped network with (4)(426)(436.84102) topology. The ligand-pair loops bracket water-filled one-dimensional (1-D) elliptical nanotubules. All materials exhibited blue or violet emission upon irradiation with ultraviolet light.
Technology: Encouraging Creativity and Problem Solving Through Coding

We share a variety of free coding platforms that are available for students of all ages to begin learning the coding process. Coding enhances students’ problem solving by forcing students to break ...
Acne Scars: How Do We Grade Them?

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can lead to permanent scarring. Although grading scales exist for acne scarring, there are many limitations, and there is still a need for a well validated gold standard scale for use in clinical practice or research trials. An objective measure of scar severity should be a component of global acne severity evaluations. This manuscript reviews currently available acne scar grading modalities: lesion counting; subjective self-assessment; Acne Scar Rating Scale (ASRS); evaluator-based qualitative and quantitative scarring grading systems; Echelle d’Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d’acne (ECCA); Global Scale for Acne Scar Severity (SCAR-S); and imaging. Despite the varying tools, most of the currently available scales do not account for scar color, depth, or change over time. A new, validated scale is needed that would allow for a more objective and accurate assessment of scar progression over time to assist with effective treatment and research.
Analysis of trichloroethene vapour in soil-gas samples using solid-sorbent tubes with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Environmental context Chlorinated chemicals are priority contaminants that pose significant risk to human health, and require state-of-the-art sampling techniques for varying matrices. A soil-gas sampling method was developed for the quantification of vapours of trichloroethene, a major chlorinated contaminant, present just above the groundwater zone. The method addresses sampling times, volumes and low-level trichloroethene concentrations. Abstract A sampling method for determining vapour concentrations of chlorinated contaminants, specifically trichloroethene (TCE), present in the vadose zone has been developed, and was applied at the Tucson International Airport Area Superfund site. The method, modified from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods # 1022 for ambient-air sampling of TCE, is targeted to situations requiring cost-effective sample collection, particularly for cases in which concentrations are at or below maximum contaminant. In our method, TCE vapour is sampled using a solid-sorbent tube. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry is used to confirm and quantify the presence of TCE. The results of laboratory tests demonstrate a maximum TCE vapour load of ~22 mg before breakthrough to the secondary sorbent-tube section, and an extraction efficiency of ~97%. The results of a performance comparison test conducted in the field show that concentrations obtained with the sorbent tube samplers (~5 μg/L) are similar to those obtained with the use of standard summa canisters (~3 μg/L). The quantitative detection limit for the new method was 0.03 μg/L under the operative conditions, a significant improvement on current analytical methods. The results indicate that use of the sorbent-tube method will be effective for vapour sample collection at sites contaminated with volatile organic compounds, particularly in characterising low concentrations for applications such as assessing groundwater contamination risk and the need for remedial action via soil vapour extraction or other methods.
Deaths related to MDMA (ecstasy/molly): Prevalence, root causes, and harm reduction interventions

ABSTRACTRecent data show that MDMA (3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine) related deaths (MRDs) are on the rise in several countries. This rise in MRDs has caught the attention of public health officials and treatment practitioners. Although MDMA is not a new drug, misinformation regarding the root causes of MRDs is still widespread. For example, MRDs continue to be reported as “overdoses” in the media and by government. This erroneously gives the impression that these deaths are caused by ingesting too high a dose, when in fact MRDs are usually due to factors such as hyperthermia, dehydration, drug interactions, or hyponaetremia. When the real culprits behind MRDs are obscured, we are left with an inaccurate picture about the extent and nature of the risk of consuming the drug. This also inhibits the implementation of effective drug education and risk reduction messages. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to explore MRDs further by: 1) providing a brief history of MDMA, 2) summarizing international pr...
The Effect of Clinical Pharmacist-Led Comprehensive Medication Management on Chronic Disease State Goal Attainment in a Patient-Centered Medical Home.

BACKGROUND: Clinical pharmacy services were initiated at 7 of 11 clinics within a primary care network (PCN), which was designated as a patient-centered medical home and was affiliated with a large...
Data Science for Geoscience: Leveraging Mathematical Geosciences with Semantics and Open Data

Mathematical geosciences are now in an intelligent stage. The freshly new data environment enabled by the Semantic Web and Open Data poses both new challenges and opportunities for the conduction of geomathematical research. As an interdisciplinary domain, mathematical geosciences share many topics in common with data science. Facing the new data environment, will data science inject new blood into mathematical geosciences, and can data science benefit from the achievements and experiences of mathematical geosciences? This chapter presents a perspective on these questions and introduces a few recent case studies on data management and data analysis in the geosciences.
A Comparison of Parametric and Spectral Hurricane Wave Prediction Products

Statistics of extreme wave heights created by tropical cyclones are urgently needed for the design of harbor breakwaters, ships, and offshore structures to prevent accidents from underde-sign and to avoid the untenable costs of overdesign. Wave data alone cannot provide the needed statistics due to the long periods required to collect statistically reliable data sets and the inability to deploy enough systems to obtain measurements of maximum conditions. Needed statistics, therefore, are usually extracted from models which attempt to specify the wave environment associated with particular storm systems. These models are either largely untested against measurements, or are validated over a limited range of storm conditions. One such model is that of Cardone et al. (1976a) which was developed and calibrated using a data set obtained in hurricane Camille, a severe Gulf of Mexico storm which struck the coast of the U. S. in August 1969. Another is an empirically-based parametric model proposed by Ross (1976), based upon forty measurements of one-dimensional frequency spectra obtained in Camille, Pacific hurricane Ava (Ross, 1975), and Gulf of Mexico hurricane Eloise (Withee and Johnson, 1975).
Pilot Scale Protein Production Using Inducible Gene Amplification

A cell line, designated BTS (BSC-40, temperature sensitive, SV40) has been isolated by stably transfecting BSC-40 monkey cells with the tsA58 allele of the SV40 large T antigen gene. At the nonpermissive temperature (39.5°C) SV40 origin-containing plasmids can be stably transfected to yield cells lines with chromosomal, low copy-number integrants. Upon shiftdown to the permissive temperature (33°C), the large T antigen protein becomes active, the integrated origins begin to replicate, the transfected DNA excises, and continues to replicate episomally to very high copy numbers. This expression cell sys­tem is ideally suited for research and development experiments on a pilot scale.
A Snapshot of Global Oncology Programming at US Cancer Centers: Results of the 2018 US NCI/ASCO NCI-Designated Cancer Center Global Oncology Survey

Background: The US National Cancer Institute (NCI) Center for Global Health (CGH) serves as a clearinghouse of information on global oncology activities within the NCI and across the 70 NCI-designa...
VFTree: A Versatile Network Architecture for Data Centers

In this paper, we propose a versatile network architecture, named VFTree, for data centers. VFTree provisions unique versatility in the sense that its topology and performance can be tailored with great freedom. The wide dynamic range and fine granularity of its configurations allow this architecture to closely follow the demands of the running traffic. Also, this versatility facilitates the reuse of network devices, so that upgrades could be achieved by rearranging existing devices, avoiding the expenditure on new generations of hardware in each upgrade cycle. Furthermore, this versatility allows VFTree to be elaborately tuned into cost efficient zones. This way, compared to widely adopted industrial solutions including fat-tree, VFTree can provide even higher aggregate bandwidth and richer path availability at the same cost. In this paper, we first design the network topology of VFTree. We parameterize the topology so that it is flexible and generalized. For example, we can configure the numbers of upward and downward ports for the switches, which are fixed in the classic fat-tree. Based on that, we propose routing algorithms, implement the abstraction from packet level to the flow level, and handle the flow collisions. We also analyze VFTree’s performance, demonstrate its aforementioned features, and compare it with its predecessors. VFTree can be seen as a generalization of, and is backward-compatible to fat-tree. We believe it is ready to be deployed in industry, as a perfect replacement of the fat-tree DCNs.
Some interactions ofSerratia marcescens nucleopolyhedrosis virus andBlepharipa pratensis [Dip.: Tachinidae] inLymantria dispar [Lep.: Lymantriidae]

The entomopathogensSerratia marcescensBizio and nucleopolyhedrosis virus were each fed alone and in combination with the parasiteBlepharipa pratensis (Meigen) to 4th-instar gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar, (L.) larvae. At LD30 for NPV, the presence of the parasite enhanced polyhedrosis about 30%, but the total number of gypsy moth larvae and pupae killed (85%) was not significantly different from the number killed by the parasite alone (93%). When the parasite was combined withS. marcencens, a strain nonpathogenic inL. dispar, total mortality was not significantly different from that in insects exposed only to the parasite (89 and 86%, respectively), but parasite survival was reduced about 12%. However, deaths not attributable to the parasite could not be ascribed to the bacterium either.
Confirmation of the shell-boring oyster parasite Polydora websteri (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Washington State, USA

Invasions by shell-boring polychaetes such as Polydora websteri Hartman have resulted in the collapse of oyster aquaculture industries in Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii. These worms burrow into bivalve shells, creating unsightly mud blisters that are unappealing to consumers and, when nicked during shucking, release mud and detritus that can foul oyster meats. Recent findings of mud blisters on the shells of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) in Washington State suggest a new spionid polychaete outbreak. To determine the identity of the polychaete causing these blisters, we obtained Pacific oysters from two locations in Puget Sound and examined them for blisters and burrows caused by polychaete worms. Specimens were also obtained from eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin) collected in New York for morphological and molecular comparison. We compared polychaete morphology to original descriptions, extracted DNA and sequenced mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase I [mtCOI]) and nuclear (small subunit 18S rRNA [18S rRNA]) genes to determine a species-level molecular identification for these worms. Our data show that Polydora websteri are present in the mud blisters from oysters grown in Puget Sound, constituting the first confirmed record of this species in Washington State. The presence of this notorious invader could threaten the sustainability of oyster aquaculture in Washington, which currently produces more farmed bivalves than any other US state.
SPARC is expressed by mesangial cells in experimental mesangial proliferative nephritis and inhibits platelet-derived-growth-factor-mediated mesangial cell proliferation in vitro

Mesangial cell proliferation is a characteristic feature of many glomerular diseases and often precedes extracellular matrix expansion and glomerulosclerosis. This study provides the first evidence that SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) could be an endogenous factor mediating resolution of experimental mesangial proliferative nephritis in the rat. SPARC is a platelet-derived-growth-factor-binding glycoprotein that inhibits proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. We now show that SPARC is synthesized by mesangial cells in culture and that SPARC mRNA levels are increased by platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Recombinant SPARC or the synthetic SPARC peptide 2.1 inhibited platelet-derived-growth-factor-induced mesangial cell DNA synthesis in vitro. In a model of experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, SPARC mRNA was increased 5-fold by day 7 and was identified in the mesangium by in situ hybridization. Similarly, SPARC was increased in glomerular mesangial cells and visceral epithelial cells by day 5 and reached maximal expression levels by day 7. Mesangial cell proliferation increased by 36-fold on day 5 and decreased abruptly on day 7. Maximal expression of SPARC was correlated with the resolution of mesangial cell proliferation. We propose that SPARC functions in part as an endogenous inhibitor of platelet-derived-growth-factor-mediated mesangial cell proliferation in glomerulonephritis and that it could account for the resolution of cellular proliferation in this disease.
Landscape Factors that Influence European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Nest Box Occupancy at NASA Plum Brook Station (PBS), Erie County, Ohio, USA

During the last decade at NASA Plum Brook Station (PBS), Erie County, Ohio, United States, there has been a nearly 50% decrease in European Starling ( Sturnus vulgaris ) occupancy (nests with ≥1 egg) of nest boxes designed to be used by starlings. Increased availability of natural cavities, from invertebrate pests, might have altered nest box occupation rates. It was hypothesized that starling nest box occupation rates would be a function of an index of potentially suitable tree cavities for nesting starlings, the semi-colonial nature of breeding starlings, and access to foraging areas (e.g., mowed lawns near buildings). Specifically, it was predicted that starling occupancy of nest boxes would correlate positively with a low density of potentially suitable tree cavities (calculated from a constructed index based on characteristics preferred by nesting starlings), and proximity of other starling occupied nest boxes and anthropogenic structures or mowed lawns. The objective was to quantify landscape factors around nest boxes with known starling occupation rates. Potentially suitable tree cavities were readily available near nest boxes. However, starling nest box occupation was instead a function of proximity to buildings, a factor associated with additional nesting sites and preferred foraging areas (mowed lawns). Nesting starlings in this study were influenced by anthropogenic structures and associated resources.
Evaluation of java virtual machines for real-time applications

This paper shows how a benchmark program can be utilized in a real-time system course to test six Java virtual machines for their suitability of supporting hard real time applications. This is a continuous effort following the work reported in [5]. With Java Hartstone benchmark, our experiment was carried out on a computer with both Windows Millennium and Linux operating systems using all four benchmark experiments under controlled conditions to provide reliable analysis. The characteristics and expected behavior of the benchmark are described with actual testing results presented and analyzed. A conclusion is drawn about suitability of these Java virtual machines in terms of their potentials for being included in real-time systems. The issues of using real-time benchmark programs in a real-time systems course are discussed.
The role of user profiles for fake news detection

Consuming news from social media is becoming increasingly popular. Social media appeals to users due to its fast dissemination of information, low cost, and easy access. However, social media also enables the widespread of fake news. Due to the detrimental societal effects of fake news, detecting fake news has attracted increasing attention. However, the detection performance only using news contents is generally not satisfactory as fake news is written to mimic true news. Thus, there is a need for an in-depth understanding on the relationship between user profiles on social media and fake news. In this paper, we study the problem of understanding and exploiting user profiles on social media for fake news detection. In an attempt to understand connections between user profiles and fake news, first, we measure users' sharing behaviors and group representative users who are more likely to share fake and real news; then, we perform a comparative analysis of explicit and implicit profile features between these user groups, which reveals their potential to help differentiate fake news from real news. To exploit user profile features, we demonstrate the usefulness of these user profile features in a fake news classification task. We further validate the effectiveness of these features through feature importance analysis. The findings of this work lay the foundation for deeper exploration of user profile features of social media and enhance the capabilities for fake news detection.
AAN position statement: Ethical issues in clinical research in neurology

This update to the American Academy of Neurology's 1998 position statement endeavors to provide guidance for the consistent ethical conduct and review of neurologic research involving human participants. It does so by outlining a widely used ethical framework of 7 principles derived from the foundational documents of modern bioethics, including the Nuremberg Code, the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki, the Belmont Report, and the US Department of Health and Human Service's Common Rule. The position statement then applies this principle-based framework to analyze and produce recommendations for the management of common and important ethical issues encountered in neurologic clinical research. These include institutional review board oversight, equitable research participant inclusion, cognitive impairment in research participants, international studies, the replication crisis, and genetic testing and modification.
Chapter V – Axiomatic Geometry

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the different axioms of axiomatic geometry. An inversion in a circle is a map of the plane that interchanges points inside and outside of the circle excluding the center. It is the circular analogue of a reflection in a line. Absolute geometry is the study of the properties common to both Euclidean and hyperbolic geometry. The axioms of absolute geometry do not include the Fifth Postulate or its equivalents, and so theorems of absolute geometry apply to both the Euclidean and the hyperbolic planes. The axioms one present are essentially because of George David Birkhoff. They make it possible to derive basic properties quickly and easily by using coordinate systems on lines, and degree measures of angles. The axioms of absolute geometry are used to prove the equivalence of a number of alternative forms of the Fifth Postulate. Each of these equivalent properties characterizes the difference between Euclidean and hyperbolic geometry.
Introduction to Special Issue on Women’s Health: Reproductive Health and Sexual Health

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017) estimates that 13.4% of women over the age of 18 are in “fair or poor health” according to the Summary Health Statistics: National Health Inter...
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal antimicrobial toxicity is neutralized by an intracellular pathogen.

Pathogens encounter numerous antimicrobial responses, including the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. ROS-mediated oxidation of host membrane poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generates the toxic alpha-beta carbonyl 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Though studied extensively in the context of sterile inflammation, 4-HNE9s role during infection remains limited. Here we found that 4-HNE is generated during bacterial infection and that the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes induces a specific set of genes in response to 4-HNE exposure. A component of the L. monocytogenes 4-HNE response is the expression of the genes rha1 and rha2 which code for two NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases that collectively counter 4-HNE toxicity. Heterologous expression of rha1/2 in Bacillus subtilis significantly increased bacterial resistance to 4-HNE both in vitro and following phagocytosis by murine macrophages. Our work demonstrates that 4-HNE is a previously unappreciated component of ROS-mediated toxicity and that L. monocytogenes has evolved specific countermeasures to survive within its presence.
Quantile-specific heritability of high-density lipoproteins with implications for precision medicine

Background We have previously shown that the effect of a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) genetic risk score depends on whether the phenotype (HDL cholesterol) is high or low relative to its distribution (quantile-dependent expressivity). Objective Evidence for quantile-dependent expressivity was sought using a more inclusive genetic measure (quantile-specific heritability, h2) in a larger population (Framingham cohort). Methods Quantile regression was used to test whether the offspring-parent (βOP) and full-sib (βFS) regression slopes increased with the percentiles of the offspring's HDL distribution in 10,650 parent-offspring pairs and 2130 sibships. Quantile-specific heritability was estimated by 2βOP/(1 + rspouse) and [(8βFSrspouse + 1)0.5−1]/(2rspouse), where rspouse is the spouse correlation. Results HDL cholesterol heritability estimated from βOP increased significantly (P = 4.2 × 10−5) from the 10th (h2 ± SE: 0.44 ± 0.03), 25th (0.45 ± 0.03), 50th (0.47 ± 0.03), and 75th (0.56 ± 0.04) to the 90th percentiles (0.65 ± 0.06) of the offspring's age- and sex-adjusted HDL cholesterol distribution. Heritability estimated from βFS also increased significantly with the percentiles of the offspring's HDL cholesterol (P = .002), apo A1 (P = .006), HDL2 cholesterol (P = .003), and HDL3 cholesterol distribution (P = .02). Consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity, published pharmacologic and nutritional interventions that raised (eg, statin, fibrates, estrogen replacement therapy, efavirenz, and dietary fat) or lowered HDL cholesterol concentrations (tamoxifen, dietary carbohydrate) correspondingly increased and decreased genetic effects. Conclusion : HDL cholesterol heritability increased with increasing percentile of the offspring's HDL distribution. Whereas precision medicine is based on the premise that genetic markers identify patients most likely to benefit from drugs and diet, quantile-dependent expressivity postulates that the strong signals from these genetic markers simply trace the heritability increase with increasing plasma HDL concentrations. Thus, quantile-dependent expressivity provides an alternative interpretation to these genotype-specific effects.
Emerging organic contaminants in soil irrigated with effluent: electrochemical technology as a remediation strategy.

Abstract The effluent reuse for soil irrigation is foreseen as a possible strategy to mitigate the pressure on water resources. However, there is the risk of potential accumulation in soil of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs). In the present work the electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technology, use of direct current, was applied for the removal of EOCs from a soil irrigated with effluent. For this, a soil collected from a rice field (located in Portugal) was mixed with spiked effluent to simulate flood irrigation in one time-period. The experiments were carried out for 6 days applying a low current intensity of 2.5 mA. Different current strategies were tested: continuous mode, reversed electrode polarization (REP), On/Off time periods, and the combination of the last two. The target EOCs comprises a list of six pharmaceuticals and personal care products widely detected in treated wastewater. This study showed that once introduced in soil through effluent irrigation, 20–100% of the EOCs were still present in the soil after 6 days. EKR enhanced up to 20% of the EOCs removal when comparing with control (without current). The EOC removals showed to be related to the microcosm location (anode, central or cathode sections) and dependent of EOCs characteristics. Soil characteristics did not change when On/Off system was combined with REP as a current strategy, and a more homogenous removal of the studied EOCs was achieved in the tested conditions. EKR showed to be a promising technology to be applied in EOCs contaminated soils, not only for removal purposes, but also to avoid possible dispersion in the environment.
GWAS-Based Discoveries in IgA Nephropathy, Membranous Nephropathy, and Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome

Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as a powerful tool to understand the genetic basis of complex traits in humans. The GWAS approach has been successfully applied to primary glomerular disorders, providing numerous novel insights into the genetic architecture of IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. IgA nephropathy appears to have a highly complex polygenic architecture, with nearly 20 genome-wide significant loci of small to moderate effects discovered to date. In contrast, the genetic susceptibility to membranous nephropathy and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome appears to be driven by a small number of large-effect loci. The MHC locus on chromosome 6p21 is strongly associated with genetic susceptibility to all major types of immune-mediated glomerulopathies. However, a distinct set of classical HLA alleles is associated with each individual disease type, pinpointing to specific immune mechanisms underlying each of these conditions. Additional insights from the discovery of non-HLA risk loci reinforced the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of these disorders, and highlighted important susceptibility overlaps between glomerular and other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Despite these initial successes, much larger GWAS and sequencing studies are still needed for each individual glomerular disease type. Increased power will be critical to comprehensively test for genetic effects across the full spectrum of allelic frequencies, to detect gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and to potentially improve the performance of polygenic risk predictors. Moreover, the existing studies are limited mostly to Europeans and East Asians, stressing the urgency to expand genetic discovery efforts to more diverse populations worldwide.