cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trait Inferences Based on Perceived Ownership of Designer, Brand Name, or Store Brand Jeans

Many products have symbolic as well as utilitarian aspects. The symbolic value of a product can be a major influence on consumers' purchase decisions. Correspondent inference theory was the theoretical basis for examining inferences of owner characteristics based on the selection of one product with its symbolic meanings from available alternatives with different symbolic meanings. One hundred sixteen subjects were given a list of five clothing items and told that it was a partial listing of the clothing in one person's closet. The list contained one type of jean (designer, brand name, store brand, orjeans, the control variation) plus four other items: oxford cloth shirt, wool sweater, blazer, raincoat with zipout lining. Subjects indicated their impressions of the person to whom the clothing belonged by checking a list of traits on 9-point scales. Analysis of variance indicated that inferences about the person varied significantly depending on the type of jeans included in the list. Store brand jeans pro...
Two-photon fluorescence excitation in continuous-wave infrared optical tweezers.

We report the observation of two-photon fluorescence excitation in a continuous-wave (cw) single-beam gradient force optical trap and demonstrate its use as an in situ probe to study the physiological state of an optically confined sample. In particular, a cw Nd:YAG (1064-nm) laser is used simultaneously to confine, and excite visible fluorescence from submicrometer regions of, cell specimens. Two-photon fluorescence emission spectra are presented for motile human sperm cells and immotile Chinese hamster ovary cells that have been labeled with nucleic acid (Propidium Iodide) and pH-sensitive (Snarf) fluorescent probes. The resulting spectra are correlated to light-induced changes in the physiological state experienced by the trapped cells. This spectral technique should prove extremely useful for monitoring cellular activity and the effects of confinement by optical tweezers.
Progress Monitoring in Reading Using Curriculum-Based Measurement in a Response-to-Intervention Model

In this article, the authors describe the use of curriculum-based measurement (CBM) reading measures within a response-to-intervention (RTI) framework. They examine the characteristics of the measu...
Robust and locally-optimum decentralized detection with censoring sensors

In this paper, we examine decentralized detection problems in which a send/no-send rate (censoring rate) on the sensor decisions replaces the communication constraint of D-level sensor decisions in canonical parallel decentralized detection problems. Rago et. al. (1996) introduced the censoring problem to accurately address the energy consumption due to infrequent communication, especially when sensor decisions must be accompanied by other side information. We extend the censoring idea by considering the situation where the signal and noise distributions are not perfectly known, which occurs in many practical scenarios. Both a robust formulation of the censoring problem, and a locally-optimum formulation of the censoring problem are considered. We find conditions under which the robust censoring problem can be solved by designing for the least-favorable distributions from the uncertainty classes. For the locally-optimum formulation, we find that the censoring scheme produces a test with the same form as the optimal Neyman-Pearson test.
Clinical impact of research on the podocyte slit diaphragm

The slit diaphragm spans podocyte foot processes, effacement of which is a feature common to all glomerular diseases. Recent work in nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis has led to identification of mutations in several gene products that function at the slit diaphragm, such as nephrin, Neph1 and podocin. Johnstone and Holzman predict that these molecular insights will facilitate disease classification and optimization of therapy. This Review summarizes recent research on the podocyte slit diaphragm. A growing number of molecules that function at the slit diaphragm have been identified in patients with inherited and sporadic nephrotic syndromes. Genetic deletion of nearly all of these molecules results in proteinuria and effacement of foot processes. Nephrin, Neph1 and podocin seem to form a multifunctional receptor complex at the slit diaphragm. Most of the other components of the slit diaphragm interact directly with this complex, in many cases coupling slit diaphragm components to the podocyte's actin cytoskeleton. These molecular findings are being applied to patients with glomerular disease. Over the next decade, these data might help to improve disease classification and prediction of which patients will respond to immunosuppressive treatment.
Effects of naloxone on the adrenomedullary response during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs

To determine the effects of naloxone, an opiate antagonist, on the adrenomedullary response to cardiac arrest, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were measured before, during, and after cardiac arrest in dogs. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 12 dogs anesthetized with pentobarital sodium (30 mg/kg) and standard American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was begun using a mechanical device. At 6.5 minutes of CPR, naloxone (10 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline (10 ml) was given intravenously. At 12 minutes of CPR, the cardiac ventricles were electrically defibrillated. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were measured before ventricular fibrillation; at 2.5, 4.5, 9.5, and 11.5, minutes of CPR; and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after resuscitation. Epinephrine and norepinephrine increased from prearrest levels of 3.66 +/- 0.67 (+/- SE) and 24.02 +/- 3.67 ng/ml to 66.67 +/- 9.65 and 74.00 +/- 9.91 ng/ml, respectively, at 4.5 minutes of CPR. After resuscitation, norepinephrine levels remained slightly elevated, while epinephrine fell to prearrest levels. Naloxone did not cause a significant change in either epinephrine or norepinephrine from 6.5 minutes of CPR (time of treatment) through 20 minutes postresuscitation. In addition, naloxone had no effect on either the end-diastolic pressure difference during CPR or resuscitation outcome. We conclude that cardiac arrest causes significant increases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, which remain elevated for the duration of the arrest, and that naloxone has no effect on these levels.
Identification and Characterization of the Nickel Uptake System for Urease Biogenesis in Streptococcus salivarius 57.I

Ureases are multisubunit enzymes requiring Ni(2+) for activity. The low pH-inducible urease gene cluster in Streptococcus salivarius 57.I is organized as an operon, beginning with ureI, followed by ureABC (structural genes), and ureEFGD (accessory genes). Urease biogenesis also requires a high-affinity Ni(2+) uptake system. By searching the partial genome sequence of a closely related organism, Streptococcus thermophilus LMG18311, three open reading frame (ORFs) homologous to those encoding proteins involved in cobalamin biosynthesis and cobalt transport (cbiMQO) were identified immediately 3' to the ure operon. To determine whether these genes were involved in urease biogenesis by catalyzing Ni(2+) uptake in S. salivarius, regions 3' to ureD were amplified by PCRs from S. salivarius by using primers identical to the S. thermophilus sequences. Sequence analysis of the products revealed three ORFs. Reverse transcriptase PCR was used to demonstrate that the ORFs are transcribed as part of the ure operon. Insertional inactivation of ORF1 with a polar kanamycin marker completely abolished urease activity and the ability to accumulate (63)Ni(2+) during growth. Supplementation of the growth medium with NiCl(2) at concentrations as low as 2.5 micro M partially restored urease activity in the mutant. Both wild-type and mutant strains showed enhanced urease activity when exogenous Ni(2+) was provided at neutral pH. Enhancement of urease activity by adding nickel was regulated at the posttranslational level. Thus, ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 are part of the ure operon, and these genes, designated ureM, ureQ, and ureO, respectively, likely encode a Ni(2+)-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter.
After Slavery: Race, Labor, and Citizenship in the Reconstruction South. Edited by Bruce E. Baker and Brian Kelly. (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2013. Pp. viii, 266. $74.95.)

This is a welcome book. Editors Bruce E. Baker and Brian Kelly—both highly skilled historians—succeed in this ambitiously conceived, admirably innovative collection on a topic that some scholars ha...
Point&Connect: intention-based device pairing for mobile phone users

Point&Connect (P&C) offers an intuitive and resilient device pairing solution on standard mobile phones. Its operation follows the simple sequence of point-andconnect: when a user plans to pair her mobile phone with another device nearby, she makes a simple hand gesture that points her phone towards the intended target. The system will capture the user's gesture, understand the target selection intention, and complete the device pairing. P&C is intention-based, intuitive, and reduces user efforts in device pairing. The main technical challenge is to come up with a simple system technique to effectively capture and understand the intention of the user, and pick the right device among many others nearby. It should further work on any mobile phones or small devices without relying on infrastructure or special hardware. P&C meets this challenge with a novel collaborative scheme to measure maximum distance change based on acoustic signals. Using only a speaker and a microphone, P&C can be implemented solely in user-level software and work on COTS phones. P&C adds additional mechanisms to improve resiliency against imperfect user actions, acoustic disturbance, and even certain malicious attacks. We have implemented P&C in Windows Mobile phones and conducted extensive experimental evaluation, and showed that it is a cool and effective way to perform device pairing.
Dynamic interactions between cyclodextrin, an organic pollutant, and granular activated carbon in column studies

In this study, the dynamic interactions between cyclodextrin (CD), an organic chemical and granular activated carbon (GAC) were investigated using column studies. Breakthrough curves of a chlorinated solvent, trichloroethylene (TCE) were obtained over a range of concentrations of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) (0, 20, and 50 g L−1) and flow velocities (1.0, 4.0, and 10.2 mL min−1). Important transport parameters (i.e. residence time, dispersion coefficient, retardation factor) were estimated using truncated temporal moment analysis. Our result shows that increasing CD concentration resulted in earlier TCE breakthrough, demonstrated by decreasing residence times which are 306.23, 151.26, and 102.24 pore volumes for 0, 20, and 50 g L−1 CD respectively. Comparison of the original breakthrough curves (BTCs) under different CD concentrations to the solubility-enhancement-rescaled BTCs showed (1) the presence of CD decreases the relative degree of TCE sorption to GAC and (2) all 3 curves exhibited similar rescaled times at which they reach 50% of the input concentration. The lowest flow rate, (1.0 mL min−1), resulted in a more symmetrical BTC, indicating more ideal conditions were achieved under the longer exposure time provided by this flow rate. As the flow rate increases the first appearance of TCE in the eluent occurs relatively earlier and exhibits comparatively greater delay in achieving full breakthrough, suggesting non-equilibrium processes are more significant at higher flow rates.
Estimating Effort for Trend Messages in Grouped Bar Charts

Information graphics found in popular media contain communicative signals which help the viewer infer the graphic designer's intended message. One signal is the relative effort required for different recognition tasks. This paper presents a model of the effort required to recognize a trend in a grouped bar chart. The model is developed using the ACT-R cognitive framework and validated via eye tracking experiments.
Reply: Blood transfusion is associated with increased risk of perioperative complications and prolonged hospital duration of stay among patients undergoing amputation.

Objective We evaluated the outcomes of patients undergoing major lower-extremity amputation who received packed red blood cell transfusion. Methods Using the dataset of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005–2011), we examined 5,739 above-knee and 6,725 below-knee amputations. Patients were stratified by perioperative (preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative) blood transfusion. Outcomes included perioperative mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), thromboembolism, and duration of stay (DOS) at the hospital. Adjusted comparisons of outcomes between transfused and not-transfused patients were performed by matching the 2 groups for age, smoking, diabetes, renal failure, coronary artery disease, classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, functional status, and procedure type. Multivariable logistic and gamma regression were used to examine associations between transfusion and outcomes. Results Of the 12,464 amputations in the study cohort 2,133 (17%) required transfusion. The majority of the cases were performed for critical limb ischemia (8,205 amputations; 66%) and the overall 30-days mortality was 9%. In both crude and matched cohorts, although perioperative mortality and cardiac complication rates were similar, transfusion was associated with a greater incidence of pneumonia (crude: 6.1% vs 3%, P Conclusion Among patients who had major lower-extremity amputation, perioperative transfusion independently predicted greater risks for perioperative pneumonia, thromboembolism, and prolonged hospital DOS.
Unidades de transición para pacientes con patología reumática: revisión de la literatura

Las unidades de transicion se encargan de facilitar el cambio de un paciente joven con una patologia cronica a una consulta de adultos. Se han propuesto diversos modelos de transicion que abordan este proceso de una forma multidisciplinar. En esta revision se abordaran de una manera actualizada los distintos aspectos de las unidades de transicion. Con este objetivo se ha realizado una revision narrativa de los articulos disponibles en la literatura medica sobre unidades de transicion (UT) en patologia reumatica. La informacion mas relevante se presenta en distintos puntos: descripcion y recomendaciones en el manejo del paciente adolescente, informacion sobre guias y programas de UT, y una descripcion de aspectos que deberian ser parte de una UT. Aunque hay descritos varios programas de transicion, no disponemos de suficiente informacion para saber cual es el programa ideal. Es necesaria mas investigacion en este campo, haciendo hincapie en variables como calidad de vida, grado de satisfaccion, actividad y dano cronico
Learner experiences in online courses

This qualitative case study explored learner experiences in online courses. The study identified three categories of challenges that online learners face: learning perspective, technology, and course design; four coping strategies that learners used to address the challenges: transform, resist, revise and apply; and three categories of learning outcomes: skill acquisition, transformed learning perspectives, and revised learning perspectives.
Ab initio calculations of thermal radiative properties: The semiconductor GaAs

Spectral reflectance of GaAs from infrared (IR) to ultra-violet (UV) bands is predicted using ab initio calculations. We first predict the spectral dielectric function. Two major mechanisms exist for different photon wavelength, namely, photon–electron coupling in the UV to near-IR region and photon–phonon coupling in the far-IR region. For the near-IR to UV band, the electronic band structure of GaAs is calculated, and the imaginary part of the dielectric function is determined from the band structure using the Fermi’s golden rule. The real part of spectral dielectric function is then derived from Kramer–Kronig transformation. For the far-IR region, ab initio calculations are used to determine the phonon modes, and the dielectric function is then predicted using the oscillator model. The spectral reflectance for the entire spectrum is then calculated using Fresnel’s law for a semi-infinite GaAs slab. The predicted results agree reasonably well with experimental data, demonstrating the capability of ab initio calculations to predict thermal radiative properties of semiconductor materials from their atomic structures.
Using the transepicondylar axis to define the sagittal morphology of the distal part of the femur

An appreciation of the morphology of the distal part of the femur is important for understanding the kinematics of the knee joint and is also important for the correct placement of the femoral component of a total knee prosthesis. Literature from the early 1800s has documented measurements of the shapes of the femoral condyles, and attempts have been made to define the shapes mathematically 1-6. Some studies have suggested that the kinematics of the knee can be described in terms of a single flexion axis and a single rotation axis 7,8. Others have suggested that, with a helical axis of rotation, the motion on the medial side of the joint is primarily spinning whereas that on the lateral side is a combination of rolling, spinning, countertranslation, and concordant translation 9. These newer kinematic studies have suggested that the sagittal outline of the knee could be circular in profile rather than having a decreasing radius, as has been proposed previously 10. Eckhoff et al. 10, in a scientific exhibit in 2001, proposed that the outlines of the condyles can be fit to a cylinder with the medial side slightly larger than the lateral. Surgeons who perform total knee arthroplasty have long recognized that the medial condyle most often is larger than the lateral but that the relative sizes of the condyles are not consistent. The purpose of the present study was to measure the sagittal morphology of the femur relative to the palpated epicondyles. Sixty-five pairs of embalmed cadaveric femora were obtained from the anatomic gift collection at West Virginia University. Two pairs of knees were unusable, and in six cases only one femur was available for measurement, leaving fifty-seven pairs and six single femora for measurement. The femora were harvested from …
Study of Hadoop-MapReduce on Google N-Gram Datasets

In previous decades, there has been a significant paradigm shift in the domain of computer architecture and processing mechanisms of large-scale data due to the increase of computational power caused by an overwhelming flow of massive amount of data. Hadoop and MapReduce are very powerful concepts which enable the efficient development of scalable and parallel applications required for processing vast amounts of data. In this paper, we investigate the concept of Hadoop and MapReduce and eventually use the programming tool of MapReduce and Apache Pig to solve existing computation problems of very complex and complicated Google Ngrams datasets.
Discussion: Agriculture in the Industrialization of Communist China and the Soviet Union

Under a development plan in which support of industrial growth is not just one of agriculture's functions but its only essential function, the usual criteria of agricultural performance no longer apply. Professor Tang's paper is a path-breaking contribution to the problem of finding a testable criterion that does apply. He proposes that under a Stalinist development strategy, agriculture's performance must be called successful if it releases enough marketed output and labor so that industrial growth is constrained only by bottlenecks outside the agricultural sector-that is, by industry's own absorptive capacity, or by foreign trade opportunities. To this, all students of the Stalinist model will agree, though I personally would feel more comfortable if for "successful" we substituted "satisfactory," to make it crystal clear that we are concerned with a pass-fail standard that ignores degrees of success. Even in the Stalinist setting, we can conceive of agriculture's doing better than just not being a drag, and Stalin initially expected something better, though he settled for less. A satisfactory agricultural policy is one that achieves satisfactory performance at the lowest net cost to the industrial sector. Where output is initially high, the requisite surplus can be obtained (at least over some critical period) merely by increasing the rate of extraction; output may even fall. Where initial output is low, policy must combine extraction and developmental (output-increasing) measures in such a way as to bring the surplus up to industry's requirements as soon as possible. With this formulation, too, there will be no disagreement. However, it is clear that in the second case agriculture may remain a bottleneck for many years even if policy is optimal; hence, tests of constraint, to be useful in evaluating a policy of mixed extraction and development, must be sensitive enough to reveal changes in the size of the bottleneck over the course of time. I am not sure that the tests we are offered can be made to do this.
Treatment of Comorbid Substance Use Disorders and ADHD in Youth

There has been great interest in the overlap between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Studies have shown that ADHD increases the risk of SUD and that 25–40 % of adults and adolescents with SUD have ADHD. The mechanism linking these disorders probably encompasses various behavioral, biologic, and genetic factors. Early pharmacotherapy of ADHD does not increase SUD and in fact, appears to reduce cigarette smoking and SUD. In individuals with ADHD and SUD, stabilization of SUD is recommended initially with consideration of adjunct non-stimulant and extended-release stimulant medications. More research on the mechanisms of overlap between the disorders, preventive effects of early ADHD treatment on SUD, and concurrent treatments for ADHD and SUD are necessary.
A New North American Fruit Fly Genus, Procecidocharoides (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Procecidocharoides , type P. penelope ( Trypeta (Oedaspis) penelope Osten Sacken, from Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania) also includes P. caliginosa (New Mexico), P. flavissima (California), and P. pullata (Arizona and New Mexico). This and the closely allied genus Procecidochares pertain to subfamily Oedaspinae; Callachna is considered rather distantly related.
Management of obstructive sleep apnea associated with Down syndrome and other craniofacial dysmorphologies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is very common in children with Down syndrome and other craniofacial abnormalities and causes significant deleterious physical, developmental, and behavioral outcomes. OSA in these individuals is generally more difficult to treat than in other children, because of increased postoperative complications and lower success rates for adenotonsillectomy, the mainstay of treatment for otherwise healthy children with OSA. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing number of treatment options for these children, which can provide an alternative to continuous positive airway pressure or tracheostomy. Through the use of dynamic cine MRI studies, the level of obstruction can be identified and treatment made more focused. SUMMARY Screening for OSA in this population should be increased, and utilization made of the recent advances in imaging and surgical technique to treat it.
TH-AB-202-07: Radar Tracking of Respiratory Motion in Real Time

Purpose: To propose a method of real time tracking of respiratory motion in patients undergoing radiation therapy. Radar technology can be employed to detection the movement of diaphragm and thoracic anatomy. Methods: A radar transceiver was specially designed. During experiment, the radar device was securely attached to a fixed frame. Respiratory motion was simulated with: 1) Varian RPM phantom, 2) Standard Imaging Respiratory Gating Platform. Signals recorded with radar equipment were compared with those measured with Varian RPM system as a reference. Results: Motion generated by Varian RPM phantom was recorded by the radar device, and compared to the signals recorded by RPM camera. The results showed exact agreement between the two monitoring equipments. Motion was also generated by Standard Imaging Respiratory Motion Platform. The results showed the radar device was capable of measuring motion of various amplitudes and periods. Conclusion: The proposed radar device is able to measure movements such as respiratory motion. Compared to state-of-the-art respiratory detection instrument, the radar device is shown to be equally precise and effective for monitoring respiration in radiation oncology patients.
MODELING H-ARS USING HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NON-HUMAN PRIMATE AND MINIPIG

Multiple hematological biomarkers (i.e. complete blood counts and serum chemistry parameters) were used in a multivariate linear-regression fit to create predictive algorithms for estimating the severity of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) using two different species (i.e. Gottingen Minipig and non-human primate (NHP) (Macacca mulatta)). Biomarker data were analyzed prior to irradiation and between 1-60 days (minipig) and 1-30 days (NHP) after irradiation exposures of 1.6-3.5 Gy (minipig) and 6.5 Gy (NHP) 60Co gamma ray doses at 0.5-0.6 Gy min-1 and 0.4 Gy min-1, respectively. Fitted radiation risk and injury categorization (RRIC) values and RRIC prediction percent accuracies were compared between the two models. Both models estimated H-ARS severity with over 80% overall predictive power and with receiver operating characteristic curve area values of 0.884 and 0.825. These results based on two animal radiation models support the concept for the use of a hematopoietic-based algorithm for predicting the risk of H-ARS in humans.
Yeast Infections After Solid Organ Transplantation

Invasive infections due to yeast are among the most common infections following solid organ transplantation and account for considerable morbidity and mortality. Infections due to Candida species are most common, accounting for over half of all fungal infections following solid organ transplantation. Cryptococcosis is the next most common yeast infection in organ transplant recipients, and is overall the third most common invasive mycosis in this population. Much of what we know about the management of these infections is extrapolated from observations in the general population or other at-risk populations supplemented by lessons learned specific to solid organ transplantation. As the solid organ transplant population continues to grow larger and live longer, the capacity to prevent, diagnosis, and treat these infections appropriately will become more relevant and challenging.
Interpreting Shame Affectively

This chapter substantiates shame as an affect providing conceptual tools for identifying shame. Engaging affect theory and trauma studies, it clarifies the analytic lens that lends itself to capturing shame’s essence distinguished from guilt, associated with embodiment, and related to attachment. Arguing that shame functions naturally in the body relying on relationships of interest for its emergence and also potentially interfering with secure relational bonds, the chapter presents the interrelationship of shame with socializing aspects of disgust and shame’s evolution as a result of trauma into its maladaptive toxic forms motivating an individual to seek isolation and withdraw from or attack others. Script patterns (Tomkins) and inscribed habitus on bodies (Bourdieu) enable this dangerous dynamic of shame and its progression to more shame or rage (123).
Hispanic Segregation and Poor Health: It\'s Not Just Black and White

Despite the importance of understanding the fundamental determinants of Hispanic health, few studies have investigated how metropolitan segregation shapes the health of the fastest-growing population in the United States. Using 2006-2013 data from the National Health Interview Survey, we 1) examined the relationship between Hispanic metropolitan segregation and respondent-rated health for US-born and foreign-born Hispanics and 2) assessed whether neighborhood poverty mediated this relationship. Results indicated that segregation has a consistent, detrimental effect on the health of US-born Hispanics, comparable to findings for blacks and black-white segregation. In contrast, segregation was salutary (though not always significant) for foreign-born Hispanics. We also found that neighborhood poverty mediates some, but not all, of the associations between segregation and poor health. Our finding of divergent associations between health and segregation by nativity points to the wide range of experiences within the diverse Hispanic population and suggests that socioeconomic status and structural factors, such as residential segregation, come into play in determining Hispanic health for the US-born in a way that does not occur among the foreign-born.
Impact of perioperative anticoagulation on artificial urinary sphincter device survival

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of perioperative anticoagulation on artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) device outcomes.Methods: Following institutional review board approval, patients undergoing AUS surgery from 1983 to 2014 were evaluated to assess device survival in patients with warfarin use compared to individuals without warfarin use. Hazard regression analysis was used to determine the association between warfarin use and device outcomes.Results: From 1983 to 2014, there were 2125 AUS procedures at Mayo Clinic. Of these, information regarding anticoagulation use was available in 651, including 43 patients who were on warfarin and 608 who were not. On univariate analysis, the use of warfarin was associated with an increased rate of infection/erosion [hazard ratio (HR) 2.58, p = 0.02]. However, there was no increased risk of overall AUS failure (HR 1.66, p = 0.06), malfunction of AUS (HR 1.19, p = 0.74) or urethral atrophy (HR 1.09, p = 0.88). Kaplan–Meier assessmen...
Gaseous ligand selectivity of the H-NOX sensor protein from Shewanella oneidensis and comparison to those of other bacterial H-NOXs and soluble guanylyl cyclase

To delineate the commonalities and differences in gaseous ligand discrimination among the heme-based sensors with Heme Nitric oxide/OXygen binding protein (H-NOX) scaffold, the binding kinetic parameters for gaseous ligands NO, CO, and O2, including KD, kon, and koff, of Shewanella oneidensis H-NOX (So H-NOX) were characterized in detail in this study and compared to those of previously characterized H-NOXs from Clostridium botulinum (Cb H-NOX), Nostoc sp. (Ns H-NOX), Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis (Tt H-NOX), Vibrio cholera (Vc H-NOX), and human soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), an H-NOX analogue. The KD(NO) and KD(CO) of each bacterial H-NOX or sGC follow the "sliding scale rule"; the affinities of the bacterial H-NOXs for NO and CO vary in a small range but stronger than those of sGC by at least two orders of magnitude. On the other hand, each bacterial H-NOX exhibits different characters in the stability of its 6c NO complex, reactivity with secondary NO, stability of oxyferrous heme and autoxidation to ferric heme. A facile access channel for gaseous ligands is also identified, implying that ligand access has only minimal effect on gaseous ligand selectivity of H-NOXs or sGC. This comparative study of the binding parameters of the bacterial H-NOXs and sGC provides a basis to guide future new structural and functional studies of each specific heme sensor with the H-NOX protein fold.
Cell-to-cell variation sets a tissue-rheology-dependent bound on collective gradient sensing.

Abstract When a single cell senses a chemical gradient and chemotaxes, stochastic receptor–ligand binding can be a fundamental limit to the cell’s accuracy. For clusters of cells responding to gradients, however, there is a critical difference: Even genetically identical cells have differing responses to chemical signals. With theory and simulation, we show collective chemotaxis is limited by cell-to-cell variation in signaling. We find that when different cells cooperate, the resulting bias can be much larger than the effects of ligand–receptor binding. Specifically, when a strongly responding cell is at one end of a cell cluster, cluster motion is biased toward that cell. These errors are mitigated if clusters average measurements over times long enough for cells to rearrange. In consequence, fluid clusters are better able to sense gradients: We derive a link between cluster accuracy, cell-to-cell variation, and the cluster rheology. Because of this connection, increasing the noisiness of individual cell motion can actually increase the collective accuracy of a cluster by improving fluidity.
Going Beyond Frequency: A Qualitative Study to Explore New Dimensions for the Measurement of Family Meals

The majority of studies on family meals only assess frequency. We conducted a qualitative study of family meals with parent and child dyads to explore different dimensions of family meals, beyond frequency, that may be important protective factors for youth risk- and weight-related outcomes to examine in quantitative studies. Participants were 37 children aged 6–16 and their parent/guardian (74 participants in total). We conducted semi-structured and open-ended interviews with parents and children separately. Participants were recruited at pediatric/adolescent waiting rooms at an academic medical center in Boston, MA, as well as through flyers placed around Boston and online via CraigsList.org. The data were analyzed and compiled by first coding key phrases into themes and then including additional themes as they arose from the data. Themes related to three major topic areas emerged: feelings about family meals, meal rules and rituals, and communication during meals. Parents and children generally enjoyed family meals, and indicated that discussions of daily life, as well as more difficult conversations, took place during meals. Rules were set in place by parents but generally not reported as strict by children, and when allowed, the use of technology often hindered family communication during meals. Ultimately, this qualitative study provided an in-depth understanding of candidate dimensions that would be useful in quantitative studies to begin to disentangle the mechanisms associated with reductions in youth risk- and weight-related outcomes.
Superoxide inhibition restores endothelium-dependent dilatation in aging arteries by enhancing impaired adherens junctions

Aging-induced endothelial dysfunction is reversed by SOD mimics. This study demonstrates that they improve impaired adherens junctions in aging endothelium and that their restoration of endothelial...
Integration of 3D Boundary Elements for Static Elasticity

Through the use of a local polar system and the shape functions, the strong singularities that are present in 3D static elasticity when the source point is within the element, are removed prior to numerical integration. A linear triangular and quadrilateral element are developed and used in an example problem. A procedure for a general subtriangle within any type of 3D boundary element is also presented.
“Not just bow and string and notes”: Directors’ perspectives on community building as pedagogy in Celtic traditional music education organizations:

Celtic traditional musics, such as those originating in Ireland and Scotland, are typically transmitted outside formal avenues. Most studies regarding the learning of Celtic traditional music have ...
Y-chromosome Data and Tribal Affiliations of Allenopithecus and Miopithecus

The phylogeny of Old World monkeys has remained unresolved in part because of a lack of resolution in the Cercopithecinae. Competing morphological hypotheses have had Allen's swamp monkey (Allenopithecus nigroviridis) and the talapoins (Miopithecus spp.) as basal branches of either the tribe Cercopithecini or the tribe Papionini. Previous molecular analyses have not adequately addressed the issue. To better understand the evolutionary history of these primates, we sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis ∼3.1 kb of 2 loci (TSPY and SRY) from the non-recombining portion of the Y-chromosome. Individuals from the genera Allenopithecus, Miopithecus, Erythrocebus, Chlorocebus, and Cercopithecus were surveyed and their sequences compared with those previously published for the Papionini and Colobinae. The results suggest Allenopithecus and Miopithecus are more closely related to the Cercopithecini than Papionini. Our data also support the hypothesis that within the Cercopithecini, Erythrocebus and Chlorocebus share a close evolutionary relationship, distinct from the other members of the tribe.
Loneliness Research: Basic Concepts and Findings

Nothing, the old adage says, is as powerful as an idea whose time has come. In the social science community, the recognition that social relationships are essential to personal health and happiness, that “friends are good medicine,” is such a timely idea. Indeed, so fundamental are social ties that several independent research traditions have developed in this area, each with a somewhat different focus. Thus the co-existence of work on social support, loneliness and social isolation attests to the vital importance of social relations. The independence of these research traditions is understandable, given their historical and disciplinary origins. But the time is now right for researchers in these separate fields to become acquainted with each others’ work.
Home Practice Learning Temperature Awareness

One’s peripheral skin temperature changes constantly in response to environmental changes and to any of a variety of stressors. The objective of the following home practice is to (1) develop an awareness of when your hand temperature changes, (2) begin to identify variables that may be causally related to this change (develop internal awareness), and (3) learn to warm your hands when your hand temperature has dropped.
Methallotionein expression and outcome in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

1085 Background: Platinum-based agents are important components of therapy of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and triple negative breast cancer. Their use can be limited by development of resistance...
Separate tree-ring reconstructions of spring and summer moisture in the northern and southern Great Plains

The two most severe droughts to impact the Great Plains in the twentieth century, the 1930s Dust Bowl and 1950s Drought, were the result of multiyear moisture deficits during the spring and especially the summer season. Tree-ring reconstructions of the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicate similar droughts in magnitude have occurred in previous centuries, but these reconstructions do not capture the potential distinct seasonal drought characteristics like those of the 1930s and 1950s. Separate tree-ring reconstructions of the spring and summer Z-index based on earlywood, latewood, and adjusted latewood width chronologies have been developed for two regions in the northern and southern Great Plains of the US. The reconstructions extend from 1651 to 1990 and 1698–1990, respectively, with instrumental data added from 1991 to 2017. The four reconstructions explain from 39 to 56% of the variance during the 1945–1990 calibration interval and are significantly correlated with independent moisture balance observations during the 1900–1944 validation period. The reconstructions reproduce similar seasonal sea-surface temperature and 500 mb geopotential height spatial correlation patterns detected with the instrumental data. The 1930s is estimated to have been the most extreme decadal summer drought to impact the two regions concurrently in the last few centuries. On average, spring moisture deficits were more severe during the multidecadal droughts of the mid- to late-nineteenth century, but the timing of drought onset and termination differed between the study regions. In the recent two decades the spring moisture balances for the two study regions have largely been opposite, and this has been one of the most extreme periods of anti-phasing in the last few centuries. Seasonal moisture reversals are not randomly distributed in time based on the reconstructed estimates and are related to sea-surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific and to mid-tropospheric circulation changes over the North Pacific–North American sector during May and June.
Effects of A Severe Drought On Summer Abundance, Growth, and Movement of Cutthroat Trout In A Western Oregon Headwater Stream

Winter snowpack depth, snowmelt timing, and snowmelt duration are projected to change in the future, leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in the Pacific Northwest. In summer 2015, stream flows throughout the Pacific Northwest were at record low levels because of low winter snowpack conditions consistent with these climate projections. We explored effects of the 2015 low-snowpack-associated drought on Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) abundance, growth, and movement patterns in two 100m reaches ( 350 y old forests) of an unnamed perennial western Oregon headwater stream before (2 y) and during a severe drought. We found that the abundance of Cutthroat Trout declined substantially during the drought year, regardless of habitat availability, riparian forest age, or stream wood structure. Fish growth during summer was consistently negative during all 3 y of the study in both reaches. During the drought year, estimated abundance and total biomass of Cutthroat Trout declined in both reaches compared to the 2y prior. In all 3 y, the majority (76%) of fish in the reach with a young riparian forest stand moved >2 m from their release point. In contrast, across the 3 study years, only 26% of fish on average moved >2 m from their release point in the old-growth reach, which had more large wood and pool area. Across both reaches, in the non-drought years, most fish moved into pools (32.4%), but some moved to riffles (23.3%). During the drought year, of the fish that were recaptured, only upstream movement to pools were observed. There were no observed movements of recaptured fish to riffles. Overall, study results suggest that increasing severity of summer drought in the Pacific Northwest is likely to reduce the abundance of fish in small headwater streams, and the remaining fish preferentially use pool habitats such as those found in structurally complex streams.
Moringa Isothiocyanate Activates Nrf2: Potential Role in Diabetic Nephropathy

Moringa isothiocyanate (MIC-1) is the main active isothiocyanate found in Moringa oleifera, a plant consumed as diet and traditional herbal medicine. Compared to sulforaphane (SFN), MICs are less studied and most work have focused on its anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this study is to better understand the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant activity of MIC-1 and its potential in diabetic nephropathy. MIC-1 showed little toxicity from 1.25–5 μM. MIC-1 activated Nrf2-ARE at similar levels to SFN. MIC-1 also increased gene expression of downstream Nrf2 genes NQO1, HO-1, and GCLC. Protein expression of HO-1 and GCLC was elevated in MIC-1-treated cells versus control. MIC-1 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated macrophages. MIC-1 reduced levels of reactive oxygen species in high glucose (HG)-treated human renal proximal tubule HK-2 cells. RNA-seq was performed to examine the transcriptome in HK-2 cells exposed to HG with or without MIC-1. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of RNA-seq on HK-2 cells exposed to HG identified TGFβ1 and NQO1 regulation as potentially impacted and treatment of HG-exposed HK-2 cells with MIC-1 reversed the gene expression of these two pathways. Results implicate that the transcriptional regulator TGFβ1 signaling is activated by HG and that MIC-1 can inhibit HG-stimulated TGFβ1 activation. In summary, MIC-1 activates Nrf2-ARE signaling, increases expression of Nrf2 target genes, and suppresses inflammation, while also reducing oxidative stress and possibly TGFβ1 signaling in high glucose induced renal cells. Taken together, it appears that one potential therapeutic strategy for managing DN and is currently under development in clinic is Nrf2 activation.
Practices and concerns related to naloxone use among emergency medical service providers in a rural state: A mixed-method examination.

Abstract The rate of opioid misuse and overdose continues to increase in rural areas of the U.S. In response, access to naloxone hydrochloride (“naloxone”), an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose, has increased among both first responders and laypeople. While plenty of research has examined naloxone use among laypeople, little remains known about practices and concerns related to naloxone among emergency medical services (EMS) providers. This is particularly true among those serving rural areas that are disproportionately affected by opioid overdoses and the underutilization of naloxone. Accordingly, a mixed-method approach consisting of a quantitative Internet survey (N = 854) and qualitative focus groups (N = 20) was utilized to examine practices and concerns related to naloxone among EMS providers in a rural state. Participants represented a range of EMS licensure levels and years of experience. Findings from the focus groups can be summarized under two major themes: 1) variance in naloxone use and 2) concerns about naloxone use. In addition, meaningful information on practices of and concerns related to naloxone use, including rates of naloxone administration, knowledge about naloxone use/overdose, confidence in administering naloxone and providing follow-up care, and perceptions of rural impact, were obtained from rural EMS. Information obtained from this study can help inform policy and prevention efforts specific to EMS providers serving rural areas, including providing further evidence for permitting all EMS providers, regardless of licensure level, to administer naloxone and ensuring that education about naloxone use is effectively disseminated to these providers.
Analyzing Shape Datasets

We present in this chapter some “shape analysis” methods, among those that are mainly used in practice, where the goal is to provide a low-dimensional description and to perform statistical validations of hypotheses for datasets in which each object is a shape. Most recent applications of this framework have taken place in medical imaging, in which the shapes are provided by anatomical regions segmented by MRI or computer tomography scans. The analysis of the anatomy derived from such images is called computational anatomy and has generated a huge literature. Beside this important range of applications, shape analysis can also be used in computed vision, or in biology, which was, for example, the main focus of D’Arcy-Thompson’s seminal treatise on Growth and Form. We here focus on methods that derive from the analysis of diffeomorphisms developed in the previous chapters, leading to “morphometric”, or “diffeomorphometric” analyses.