cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Allylamine Cardiovascular Toxicity: Evidence for Aberrant Vasoreactivity in Rats☆

Allylamine (AA, 3-aminopropene) is a specific cardiovascular toxin used experimentally to model myocardial necrosis and atherosclerosis. In these physiologic experiments, 10-day AA exposure (100 mg . kg-1 . day-1 by gavage) produced severe myocardial necrosis and increased heart rate but did not affect systolic blood pressure in rats. Mid-thoracic aortic ring segments were removed, and reactivity to contractile and relaxant agonists was tested. Aortic rings (approximately 3 mm) from AA-treated rats were contracted significantly more by high potassium (100 mM) and slightly more by norepinephrine (NE, 10 microM) than anatomically matched control aortic rings. No difference in aortic ring NE sensitivity or percentage relaxation in response to acetylcholine (1 microM) or sodium nitroprusside (100 microM) was detected between control and AA-treated rat aortic rings. Allylamine (1 microM-1 mM) induced modest, concentration-dependent contractions and tension oscillations in aortic rings from both control and AA-treated rats. Aortic rings from AA-treated rats, however, were more sensitive to AA. Vascular smooth muscle cells derived from control and AA-treated rat aortas had similar toxic sensitivity to AA in vitro using the MTT viability assay. The mechanisms by which AA exposure increased heart rate in vivo and contractility of aortic rings are unknown. These experiments support the previously proposed concept that AA-induced acute myocardial necrosis is due to coronary vasospasm and myocardial ischemia and cell injury.
Performance of steers fed combinations of calcium salts of branched and unbranched fatty acids

Abstract Dry matter intake (DMI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion (FC) of steers fed combinations of calcium salts of isobutyric, isovaleric, 2-methylbutyric and valeric acids were measured at three trial sites. At each of two sites, 400 Hereford and Angus × Hereford steers averaging 292 kg in weight were randomly assigned to be fed, as percentages of the diet dry matter, 10 volatile fatty acid treatment mixtures. The experimental design, a 3 × 3 nested factorial arrangement of treatments, tested three levels of a mixture of isobutyric, isovaleric, 2-methylbutyric and valeric acids, three levels of a mixture of isobutyric, isovaleric and 2-methylbutyric acids, and three levels of a mixture of isobutyric and isovaleric acids. An unsupplemented control was also included. Combined data from the two trials demonstrated that DMI and BWG were not influenced by any treatment mixture. A 4.0% improvement ( P P −1 BWG for the control, four-acid, three-acid, and two-acid mixtures, respectively. At the third trial site, 336 steers averaging 257 kg in weight were randomly assigned to six volatile fatty acid treatment mixtures. The experimental design, a 2 × 2 nested factorial arrangement of treatments, tested two levels of the three-acid mixture and two levels of a mixture of isobutyric and 2-methylbutyric acids. An unsupplemented control and one level of the four-acid mixture were included in the test. A 5.3% improvement ( P −1 BWG for the control and the three-acid treatment, respectively. In summary, feeding a mixture of isobutyric, isovaleric and 2-methylbutyric acids (0.40:0.34:0.26, anhydrous ratio) at a level not less than 0.15% and not more than 0.28% of the diet dry matter improved the FC of finishing steers. Including valeric acid in the mixture above did not further improve FC performance.
Dystrophin-related protein is localized to neuromuscular junctions of adult skeletal muscle

Dystrophin-related protein (DRP) is an autosomal gene product with high homology to dystrophin. We have used highly specific antibodies to the unique C-terminal peptide sequences of DRP and dystrophin to examine the subcellular localization and biochemical properties of DRP in adult skeletal muscle. DRP is enriched in isolated sarcolemma from control and mdx mouse muscle, but is much less abundant than dystrophin. Immunofluorescence microscopy localized DRP almost exclusively to the neuromuscular junction region in rabbit and mouse skeletal muscle, as well as mdx mouse muscle and denervated mouse muscle. DRP is also present in normal size and abundance and localizes to the neuromuscular junction region in muscle from the dystrophic mouse model dy/dy. Thus, DRP is a junction-specific membrane cytoskeletal protein that may play an important role in the organization of the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction.
Role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in rat corneal neovascularization.

• Background: Recent studies have suggested that tyrosine kinase pathways that are activated by angiogenic growth factors may play a role in corneal neovascularization. • Methods: Corneal neovascularization was induced in rat corneas by chemical cauterization. At 6, 24, 48, 96, and 168 h after chemical cauterization the rat corneas without the corneal epithelium were prepared for gel electrophoresis. Total protein profiles of the corneal samples were examined by staining gels with Coomassie brilliant blue. Tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, three angiogenic growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor-B chain), and three intracellular signal proteins in the tyrosine kinase pathways (phospholipase Cγ, SHC, and mitogen-activated protein kinase) in the corneal samples were examined by western blot analysis. A topical treatment of genistein eye drop (5 mg/ml) was used for inhibition of corneal neovascularization after chemical cauterization in rats. • Results: In total protein profiles, three bands in the corneal samples were increased after cauterization. Overall tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and all three angiogenic growth factors increased with progression of corneal neovascularization. The tyrosine-phosphorylated forms of three intracellular signal proteins were also increased after cauterization. Treatment with topical genistein was effective in inhibiting corneal neovascularization in rats. • Conclusion: Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was involved in inflammation-induced corneal neovascularization. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may have utility as inhibitors of corneal neovascularization.
Phytoplankton Production in the South-eastern Pacific

THE distribution of phytoplankton concentration and its photosynthetic rate in the surface waters of the southeastern Pacific are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Measurements were made during the following cruises: Costa Rica Dome, November–December 1959; Step-I, September–December 1960; Swansong, October–December 1961; and the cruise of the Esmeralda (Chilean Navy), July–August 1962.
In-line measurement of rheological parameters and modeling of apparent wall slip in diced tomato suspensions using ultrasonics

: Rheological behavior of a slurry consisting of 1- to 3-mm diced tomatoes suspended in tomato juice was evaluated by an in-line measurement method based upon ultrasonics. This technique permitted the measurements of yield stress, consistency index, and apparent wall slip. The suspension exhibited a yield stress at every flow rate studied, and its value was found to be 0.79 ±0.11 Pa. The shear viscosity at different shear rates was obtained in-line without assuming a specific constitutive equation. A comparison of Herschel-Bulkley, Power Law, Bingham Plastic, and Casson models showed that this suspension was best characterized with the Herschel-Bulkley model. The apparent wall slip region was successfully modeled as a Bingham fluid. This study shows the usefulness of this method for in-line characterization of particulate tomato products.
Skeletal Sr content and density in Porites spp. in relation to environmental factors

The coral genus Porites was investigated to evaluate the use of skeletal strontium content as a recorder of seasonal and annual temperature oscillations. In the Hawaiian archipelago, the mean annual water temperature fluctuates by ±0.5C°, with seasonal temperature ranges of 4 to 8C°; the resolution of the Sr thermometer appears to be ±1.5C°. Of this error term, ±0.7C° is analytical, the remainder is “biological”. Corals from some locations yield temperatures which are consistently offset from the Sr vs temperature calibration line, suggesting genetic population differences. Analysis of cores collected in 1980 from Hawaiian Porites spp. showed no discernible long-term trends over a 100 yr period. Although absolute temperatures are poorly resolved, subannual oscillations in skeletal Sr values accurately reflect recorded seasonal temperature variations. The most useful application of the Sr thermometer is in deciphering the skeletal density band pattern. Subannual oscillations in Sr-temperature values when correlated with density values showed a consistent pattern. When the sections chosen for x-radiography closely followed the growth axis, an abrupt shift from minimum to maximum skeletal density was evident in September/October each year, followed by a gradual decrease in density. The density pattern, shown by microdensitometry, is independent of latitude or temperature range over the Hawaiian archipelago. The annual density shift coincides with high but declining water temperature and solar insolation. If low-density growth represents optimum calcification conditions, the density shift in Hawaiian Porites spp. reflects a change in conditions from optimal to suboptimal. Analyses of samples from other Indo-Pacific locations confirm the generality of this density pattern and suggest a complex relationship between density and environmental light and temperature.
THE SMALLEST KNOWN TRICERATOPS SKULL: NEW OBSERVATIONS ON CERATOPSID CRANIAL ANATOMY AND ONTOGENY

The discovery of the smallest Triceratops skull (UCMP 154452) provides a new ontogenetic end member for the earliest stage of ceratopsid (Centrosaurinae plus Chasmosaurinae) cranial development. The lack of co-ossification among the parietal, squamosals, postorbitals, quadratojugal arch, and the braincase preserves sutural contacts and bone surfaces that later become obscured in adults. The ability to document the early development and morphology of the horns and frill in Triceratops allows a reevaluation of their functional roles. UCMP 154452 shows that the cranial ornamentation of the frill and the postorbital horns were not restricted to adults, but began at an early age in this species. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the function of ceratopsid horns and frills was potentially important for visual communication and species recognition because in this young form it could not have functioned in sexual display. Although some features of UCMP 154452 anticipate or mimic the adult character states, some braincase characters recapitulate the juvenile and adult stages of more basal neoceratopsians.
Vibration testing of a carbon composite fuselage

This paper describes the details of an experimental investigation focusing on the vibration characteristics of a composite fuselage structure of an ultralight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV has a total empty weight of 70.3 kg and 6.3 m in length. The fuselage structure consists of the fuselage body with an integrated vertical stabiliser. All structural components are fabricated from oven-cured laminated carbon composite materials using uniaxial and biaxial prepreg fabric. The modal characteristics of the fuselage structure are determined for a free-free configuration which is simulated by suspending the structure from its wing attachment points through the use of springs. A centrally located shaker system is used to induce vertical oscillations in the structure, which is instrumented with nineteen dual axis accelerometers. Dynamic properties such as the frequency, damping and associated mode shapes are obtained for aeroelastic analysis. The design and implementation of the vibration tests along with the experimental results are presented.
Silence is Not Golden: Firm Response and Nonresponse to Consumer Correspondence

When a consumer contacts a company, it provides the firm with an opportunity to begin a dialogue. If a problem occurred with a good or service, a customer complaint provides a company with the opportunity to correct the problem and perhaps retain a customer. A consumer compliment provides the opportunity to turn a satisfied consumer into a brand advocate. Yet surprisingly nearly 30% of the companies in this study allowed this vital opportunity to go to waste.
Reversible re‐fusion of frog blastomeres and additional cleavage effects of chloramphenicol and other respiratory inhibitors

Chloramphenicol (CAP) produced an unusual cleavage anomaly in Rana pipiens embryos involving re-fusion of normal looking 6 to 12 hour blastomeres into irregularly shaped syncytial mounds. This occurred whether the CAP was added then or earlier. The condition was usually terminal, but often at lower doses or following CAP removal the mounts re-cleaved and the embryos resumed development. Preliminary histological verification of blastomere fusion has been obtained. The same anomaly was produced by two other inhibitors, rotenone and the L-isomer of CAP. These are without effect on mitochondrial protein synthesis in other systems but do share with high doses of D-CAP a direct inhibition of respiration at the NADH oxidase level. Another such inhibitor, amytal, failed to affect cleavage, presumably because of poor penetration. Instead, amytal produced uniform developmental arrest at later stages characteristic for each dose. Similar but less uniform results were obtained with lower doses of D- and L-CAP, rotenone, cyanide, and dinitrophenol. All of these, however, also produced cleavage arrest at higher doses, including prevention of first cleavage altogether at high enough concentrations of each. This disagrees with the older literature in the case of cyanide, to which early cleavage is purported to be insensitive and the onset of gastrulation unusually sensitive. There is also an apparent conflict between our cyanide-rotenonechloramphenicol results, suggesting that cleavage is dependent on respiration, and the work of others on cleavage under anaerobiosis, suggesting not. Several hypotheses which would resolve this conflict, including that of an oxidative reserve in the eggs, are presented and discussed.
Multiple Resources Questionnaire and Workload Profile: Application of Competing Models to Subjective Workload Measurement:

This study examines the abilities of three subjective measures of workload to predict dual task performance. The measures compared are: The Workload Profile (WP), the Multiple Resources Questionnaire (MRQ), and the Global Rating Questionnaire (GRQ). Each of these measures is based on a different theoretical model of cognitive workload. Participants first played three computer games. They were asked to rate the games on subjective workload using all three measurement indices. Subjects were then asked to play pairings of the games simultaneously. Only the MRQ significantly predicted task interference, and it also showed the least variability over participants.
Diffuse arterial narrowing as a result of intimal proliferation: A delayed complication of embolectomy with the Fogarty balloon catheter

Abstract Most complications of embolectomy with the Fogarty balloon catheter are recognized early and have received ample attention in the surgical and radiologic literature. However, the delayed complication of diffuse arterial narrowing causing severe ischemia has received little emphasis, perhaps because follow-up arteriography is not always performed. This report describes five patients—women 43 to 62 years of age—with progressive leg ischemia discovered 2 to 4 months after embolectomy with the balloon catheter. Angiography showed a characteristic pattern of severe, smooth narrowing of that portion of the artery in which balloon embolectomy was performed. Pathologic examination of arterial specimens, available in two of the five patients, revealed marked intimal cellular proliferation, which narrowed the arteries severely without evidence of thrombosis, significant atheromatosis, or active arteritis. The cause appears to be intimal damage by the balloon. Embolectomy with the balloon catheter should be done especially carefully in relatively young women. (J VASC SURG 1988;7:487-94.)
On the Administrative Sector of Social Systems: An Analysis of the Size and Complexity of Government Bureaucracies in the American States

This study is concerned with the analysis of the size and complexity of the governmental bureaucracies of the 50 American states, and more generally with the "administrative sector" of all social systems. Four hypotheses are formulated and tested. All of the hypotheses are supported, and this is interpreted as supporting a systems perspective in the analysis of social structure. Some of the most interesting empirical generalizations concerning the structures of "social systems" have come from recent studies of bureaucracies or formal organizations. Across a wide variety of different types of organizations, a number of similar structural attributes have been reported. In particular, the two propositions first formally articulated by Anderson and Warkov (1961) in their study of hospitals have found overwhelming support when tested on other organizations (see Blau, 1972; Hawley et al., 1965; Indik, 1964). These propositions in general terms are: (1) the relative size of the administrative component of an organization is an inverse function of the size of the organization; and (2) the relative size of its administrative component is a direct function of its complexity or extent of differentiation. The fact that these hypotheses have been so widely supported gives rise to the question: Do the structural patterns observed in formal organizations also manifest themselves in other kinds of social systems? For according to the formulations of systems theorists (see, among others, Miller, 1971; Parsons, 1951), all social systems from the small group to total societies have certain functional requisities that are common. It is also held that social systems share certain structural characteristics, such as "differentiation," which is often categorized as "complexity." (See Eisenstadt, 1964:269, who notes that "differentiation ... makes for complexity. . . ") As a result, a number of theorists (e.g., Miller, 1971) have postulated that there are a number of significant propositions holding for a social system at one level that also hold for social systems at other levels. Certain structural patterns found on one level of social system, for example in formal organizations, are expected to be found in social systems on other levels, say in small groups or society as a whole. In this paper this fundamental postulate of systems theory will be explored by testing on social systems of a higher level (namely the 50 American states) the two propositions noted above.
The Sun's Variable Radiation and Its Relevance For Earth

▪ Abstract To what extent are changes in the Earth's global environment linked with fluctuations in its primary energy source, the radiation from a variable star, the Sun? A firm scientific basis for policy making with regard to anthropogenic greenhouse warming of climate and chlorofluorocarbon depletion of ozone requires a reliable answer to this question. Reduction of the vulnerability of spacecraft operations and communications to space weather necessitates knowledge of solar induced variability in Earth's upper atmosphere. Toward these goals, solar radiation monitoring and studies of solar variability mechanisms facilitate an understanding of the sources and amplitudes of the Sun's changing radiation. Interdisciplinary studies that link these changes with a wide array of terrestrial phenomena over the longer time scales of global change and the shorter time scales of space weather address the relevance of solar radiation variability for Earth. However, although numerous associations are apparent betwe...
Culture Change in Long-term Care: Participatory Action Research and the Role of the Resident

Purpose: This study’s purpose was to advance the process of culture change within long-term care (LTC) and assisted living settings by using participatory action research (PAR) to promote residents’ competence and nourish the culture change process with the active engagement and leadership of residents. Design and Methods: Seven unitspecific PAR groups, each consisting of 4 –7 residents, 1–2 family members, and 1–3 staff, met 1 hour per week for 4 months in their nursing home or assisted living units to identify areas in need of improvement and to generate ideas for community change. PAR groups included residents with varied levels of physical and cognitive challenges. Residents were defined as visionaries with expertise based on their 24/7 experience in the facility and prior life experiences. Results: All PAR groups generated novel ideas for creative improvements and reforms in their communities and showed initiative to implement their ideas. Challenges to the process included staff participation and sustainability. Implications: PAR is a viable method to stimulate creative resident-led reform ideas and initiatives in LTC. Residents’ expertise has been overlooked within prominent culture change efforts that have developed and facilitated changes from outside-in and top-down. PAR may be incorporated productively within myriad reform efforts to engage residents’ competence. PAR has indirect positive quality of life benefits as a forum of meaningful social engagement and age integration that may transform routinized and often ageist modes of relationships within LTC.
Recombinant Murine Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Modulates the Course of Pulmonary Histoplasmosis in Immunocompetent and Immunodeficient Mice

Several endogenous cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), are necessary for eliminating Histoplasma capsulatum from tissues. In this study, we explored the efficacy of recombinant murine GM-CSF in the treatment of pulmonary histoplasmosis. This cytokine significantly reduced fungal burden in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment did not consistently produce a better result than treatment started after infection. The biological effectiveness of GM-CSF was not associated with modulation of lung cytokine production or alteration in lung inflammation, but it directly activated a nonadherent lung cell population to exert anti-Histoplasma activity. GM-CSF improved survival of T-cell-depleted mice exposed to H. capsulatum. When combined with a suboptimal amount of amphotericin B, GM-CSF enhanced survival of normal or T-cell-depleted mice given a lethal challenge. These results suggest that this cytokine may be useful as an adjunctive treatment for histoplasmosis.
Placement and Removal of Inferior Vena Cava Filters: National Trends in the Medicare Population

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in the placement and removal of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in the Medicare population. Methods Summary Medicare claims data from 1999 through 2008 were used to identify the frequency of IVC filter placement procedures by specialty (radiology, surgery, cardiology, and all others) and site of service. Claims from 2003 (the first year the FDA cleared retrievable labeling for filters) through 2008 were used to identify intravascular foreign body retrieval procedures, and modeling was used estimate a frequency range of removal procedures. Trends over time were evaluated. Results Between 1999 and 2008, total Medicare fee-for-service beneficiary frequency of IVC filter placement procedures increased by 111.5% (30,756 to 65,041). Volumes increased for radiologists (16,531 to 36,829 [+122.8%]), surgeons (11,295 to 22,606 [+100.1%]), and cardiologists (1,025 to 4,236 [+313.3%]). Relative specialty market shares changed little over time. Volumes increased by 114.2% (26,511 to 56,774) and 229.1% (2,286 to 7,524) for hospital inpatients and outpatients, respectively, and decreased by 62.1% (1,959 to 743) for those in all other locations combined. In 2008, with 65,041 filters placed, only an estimated 801 to 3,339 (1.2 to 5.1%) were removed. Conclusion The frequency of IVC filter placement has doubled over the past decade, and radiologists continue to perform more than half of all procedures. Although volume has more than tripled in hospital outpatients, the inpatient setting remains by far the most common site of service. In the Medicare population, IVC filters are not commonly removed.
Synaptophysin immunohistochemistry densitometry measurement in resected human hippocampus: implication for the etiology of hippocampal sclerosis

Synaptophysin (SY) is a protein expressed at presynaptic vesicles. SY immunohistochemistry (IHC) was undertaken in surgically resected hippocampal specimens from 25 patients with intractable epilepsy. All were investigated with chronic ictal EEG videotelemetry, which showed a temporal onset in each case, and all had normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The density of reaction product of SY IHC was used to generate optical density (OD) measurements as an estimate of synaptic density in CA1 and CA4 fields (ODCA1 and ODCA4), and inner third and outer two-thirds of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (ODIML and ODOML). There was significant correlation between ODCA1 (r=0.619, P=0.001) and ODCA4 (r=0.639, P=0.001) and onset age of epilepsy. There was no correlation between ODCA1 and duration of epilepsy. There was correlation between ODCA4 and duration (r=-0.412, P=0.041), but partial correlations showed no significant correlation between ODCA4 and duration when controlling for onset, although correlation between ODCA4 and onset when controlling for duration remained significant (r=0.536, P < 0.01). Univariate ANOVA revealed onset age to be the only predictor of ODCA1 and ODCA4. Chronological age and duration were not predictors. There was no correlation between ODIML or ODOML and either onset age or duration. ODIML and ODOML were not predicted by onset age, duration or chronological age. These findings support the hypothesis that the major cause of hippocampal sclerosis is an age specific insult rather than the result of repeated seizures.
Wideband cooperative localization via belief condensation

The combination of wideband transmission and cooperative techniques can enable accurate and reliable wireless localization. However, due to the nonlinear/non-Gaussian behavior in the system and measurement models, current cooperative localization algorithms either cannot capture such behavior or suffer from high computational complexity. In this paper, we establish a general framework for designing cooperative localization algorithms based on belief condensation (BC), which is an iterative process that accurately approximates the intractable distribution of nodes' positions arising in cooperation by amenable parametric ones. Our simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain high accuracies, approaching the theoretical benchmark, with an affordable complexity.
Neuronal degeneration in rat forebrain resulting from d-amphetamine-induced convulsions is dependent on seizure severity and age

Neuronal damage and degeneration in the rat forebrain was characterized by B4 isolectin and Fluoro-Jade labeling techniques after 4 doses of 15 mg/kg amphetamine i.p. in 70- and 180-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. In amphetamine-dosed rats some seizure activity occurred in all rats exhibiting pronounced hyperthermia but the degree of seizure activity varied greatly between individual rats. Over 90% of the rats in both age groups that showed behavioral signs of limbic seizures had somatic degeneration in the taenia tecta within 3 days of amphetamine exposure. Degenerating small star-shaped cells were seen in the septum and hippocampus in 70-day-old rats having extensive seizure activity. Although somatic degeneration only sporadically occurred in the piriform cortex of the younger rats, extensive B4 isolectin binding to activated microglia was observed in this area. In older rats prominent somatic degeneration was seen in the piriform cortex and orbital and insular areas of the frontal cortex of rats having seizures. Damage to the basal ganglia and related areas, including the thalamus, parietal cortex and dorsal medial striatum, occurred in rats with pronounced hyperthermia but only correlated with seizures in older rats. In the more severe cases of thalamic damage the highest density of neurodegeneration was localized perivascularly. Thus, amphetamine can produce notable damage to the limbic system when seizures occur and to the basal ganglia and related areas when hyperthermia occurs but the neurotoxicity profiles in these areas are age-dependent and not produced solely by hyperthermia. Further studies to determine whether neuronal damage is the result of or the cause of amphetamine-induced seizures are necessary.
Extraction and Separation of Anthraquinone Glycosides

A method was developed for extracting anthraquinone aglycones and their corresponding glycosides from plant materials and for separating them in pure form. The method consists of rendering the glycosides and aglycones insoluble in chloroform and then removing, stepwise, the interfering extractable substances. The method makes use of the fact that the aglycones are chloroform soluble whereas the glycosides are not. The method was applied with good results to the isolation of the aglycones and glycosides of cascara and senna.
5′-Adenylic Acid Deaminase in Porcine Muscle

SUMMARY— The 5′-adenylic deaminase activity and AMP and IMP levels of several porcine skeletal muscles were determined on samples from 14 Poland China pigs excised immediately following exsanguination. There were no significant (P > .0.5) differences in adenylic acid deaminase activity within or between the longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius or rectus femoris muscles even though muscle morphology varied from dark, firm and dry to pale, soft and exudative. Likewise no significant (P > .05 differences in AMP or IMP levels were observed in the longissimus dorsi and gluteus medius muscles. Simple correlation coefficients between muscle pH and adenylic acid deaminase activity indicated positive relationships between enzyme activity and muscle pH at 15 and 45 min post-mortem in all muscles studied. IMP concentration was negatively related to pH of the muscle.
Impact of recession-based workplace anxiety

The impact of recession-based workplace anxiety on employee engagement, organisational commitment and job satisfaction is investigated. Data collected from a sample of 304 full-time employees are analysed following a structural equation modelling methodology. Although recession-based workplace anxiety directly and negatively impacts employee engagement, organisational commitment and job satisfaction as hypothesised, the structural model does not fit the data well. A proposed alternate model with anxiety directly impacting engagement and indirectly impacting commitment and satisfaction through engagement better fits the data. Results indicate that workers experiencing anxiety related to recessions may experience reductions in engagement, commitment and satisfaction.
The Measurement of Spot-Welding Current

CURRENT is an essential factor in the complete specification of spot-welding conditions. Therefore, the need for the measurement of spot-welding currents arises, if optimum conditions determined in experimental laboratories are to be duplicated in production shops. Laboratory methods must be accurate and supplemented by facilities for ready calibration into secondary amperes. Shop methods must be convenient, reasonably accurate, and free from the possibility of accidental error. Shops find current measurement of great value in resetting welding machines for conditions which have previously been found satisfactory.
Teaching graphics with the openGL shading language

A long-standing difficulty in the development of introductory courses in computer graphics is balancing the educational necessity of ensuring mastery of fundamental graphical concepts with the highly desirable goal of exciting and inspiring students to further study by enabling them to produce visually interesting programming projects. Recently, we have developed a modified curriculum predicated on the extensive integration of the OpenGL Shading Language with a more traditional pedagogical approach. We utilized this curriculum in the quarter-long, upper-division introductory graphics course taught in the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Our experience indicates that making shading an integral part of the entry-level curriculum inculcates students with a comprehensive understanding of the algorithms and mathematical concepts that underlie modern graphical systems, while simultaneously equipping them with the tools necessary to produce complex projects with state-of-the-art technology.
Breaking New Ground: Diverse Routes to College in Rural America*

Abstract Rural communities pose a challenge to status attainment models that explain children's educational attainment primarily in terms of the parents' education and professional status. Alongside the rural professional class are farmers of similar social status but with less education and other families that lack the status and resources of both professional-class and farm families. The prolonged agricultural crisis in the American Midwest has turned rural youths toward college and has raised questions about the educational value of resources provided by farm parents and other rural parents. We classified youths from the Iowa Youth and Families Project into three SES groups: professional-managerial, farm, and lower-status. We compared these groups on resource levels and on the extent to which the resources predicted enrollment in a four-year college one year after high school. Findings indicated three distinct routes to four-year college. Professional-managerial youths tended to follow the traditional path from parents' educational and other resources and support to their own academic involvement and aspirations for higher education. Successful farm youths, in lieu of parental educational advantages, drew on parents' community ties. Resourceful lower-status youths, in the absence of family background advantages, generated educational attainment through early educational ambition and varied community and school involvements. Even relatively low levels of involvement were valuable to these youths' educational attainment.
Adaptive airfoils for helicopters

NITINOL alloy wire actuation system is discussed in this paper. This actuator is an active component used to achieve a camber change in a NACA 0012 airfoil. The camber changes are used to provide a collective control for a two bladed model helicopter. This means the collective control is moved to the individual blades. A two actuator control system has been designed using H(infinity ) control techniques.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Well-being, appraisal, and coping in Latina and Caucasian female dementia caregivers: findings from the REACH study.

While there has been considerable interest in studying ethnically diverse family caregivers, few studies have investigated the influence of dementia caregiving on Latino families. The current study includes participants from two sites of the REACH (Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health) project to compare well-being, appraisal, and religiosity by ethnicity, with specific attention to levels of acculturation. Latina (n = 191) and Caucasian female (n = 229) dementia family caregivers from two regions of the United States (Miami, Florida and Northern California) were compared at baseline on demographics, care recipient characteristics, mental and physical health, and psychosocial resources, including appraisal style and religiosity. Latina caregivers reported lower appraisals of stress, greater perceived benefits of caregiving, and greater use of religious coping than Caucasian caregivers. The relationship of these variables to level of acculturation for the Latina caregivers was also explored...
Hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers from derivatives of α‐amino‐ε‐caprolactam: A bio‐based material

Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers were prepared from the derivatives of α-amino-e-caprolactam (ACL), obtained from a renewable resource. Several self-complimentary bis- or tetra-caprolactam monomers were synthesized by varying the number of carbons of the spacer between the hydrogen-bonding end groups. Physical properties of these hydrogen-bonded polymers were clearly demonstrated by differential scanning colorimetry, solid-state NMR, and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. The supramolecular behavior was also supported by fiber formation from the melt for several of these compounds, and stable glassy materials were prepared from the physical mixtures of two different biscaprolactams. The self-association ability of ACL was also used by incorporating ACL at the chain ends of low-molecular weight Jeffamine (M n = 900 g/mol) using urea and amide linkages. The transformation of this liquid oligomer at room temperature into a self-standing, transparent film clearly showed the improvement in mechanical properties obtained by the introduction of terminal hydrogen-bonding groups. Finally, the use of monomers with a functionality of four gave rise to network formation either alone or combination with bifunctional monomers.
Mobile Social Networking and the News

In recent years, mainstream media coverage has integrated mobile social networking and micro-blogging tools such as Facebook and Twitter. These interactive communication channels have transformed our interpersonal relationships as well as our links with organizations and content including news and entertainment. In particular, our experience of the news has become mediated through these platforms. These tools have transformed one-way transmission channels into two-way interactive media. While there has been significant discussion of the role of online forums, listservs and blogs as arenas for democratic participation and citizen journalism, there has been less analysis of how micro-blogging social networking tools are transforming the social practices around news and information. Drawing on James Carey’s ritual view of communications, this chapter will analyze the role of these tools in the experience of our daily lives as well as our consumption of news and participation in significant media events of our time. First, this chapter will describe the changing habits of individual users in their daily news rituals. Second, this chapter will describe the ways in which news is represented on Facebook and Twitter as well as how these channels are reintegrated with mainstream media broadcasts. Third, this chapter will describe the use of CNN’s Facebook plug-in during political media events such as the 2008 Presidential election and the Obama inauguration in 2009. Finally, this chapter will recommend future directions for the use of mobile social networking in mainstream media coverage.
Effects of neonatal handling on sympathoadrenal activity and body composition in adult male rats

Neonatal handling permanently alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to stress. Because the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and adrenal medulla also participate in stress respons...
Tocopherol administration to patients with Dupuytren's contracture; effect on plasma tocopherol levels and degree of contracture.

Summary1. Treatment with 300 mg of alpha-tocopherol acetate daily was given to 19 old patients with Dupuytren's contracture (26 contracted hands) for a period of 300 days. Following discontinuation of the treatment the patients were followed for another 350 days. Before therapy and at various intervals during and after alpha-tocopherol administration determinations were made of the plasma tocopherol concentration and permanent plaster casts prepared of the affected hands in maximal passive dorsal flexion. 2. The alpha-tocopherol administration resulted in a slow but steady rise of the mean plasma tocopherol level from 0.55 to 1.37 mg %; after discontinuation of the treatment the concentration again fell to the original level. A moderate, but statistically certain effect of the therapy was observed on the condition of the hands. Thus, during the treatment the volume of the palmar concavity decreased from 18.2 to 13.2 ml, and the angle between the fifth finger and the palmar surface increased by 14.7°. The ...
Ultra low emittance electron beams from multi-alkali antimonide photocathode operated with infrared light

The intrinsic emittance of electron beams generated from a multi-alkali photocathode operated in a high voltage DC gun is reported. The photocathode showed sensitivity extending to the infrared part of the spectrum up to 830 nm. The measured intrinsic emittances of electron beams generated with light having wavelength longer than 800 nm are approaching the limit imposed by the thermal energy of electrons at room temperature with quantum efficiencies comparable to metallic photocathodes used in operation of modern photoinjectors.
Cultural Impacts on Disaster Preparedness: The Pakistan Floods of 2010

Disasters of varying magnitude have been a consistent feature of human history. But despite modern man's intellectual and technologically progress, the threats posed by disasters are as potent today as they have ever been. This research proposal builds on the author's personal experience during the 2010 monsoon floods in Pakistan, linking cultural systems with attitudes towards disaster preparedness. The variations in worldviews of vulnerable populations, in particular their beliefs towards man's relationship with nature impacts disaster risk reduction strategies within communities and at the macro level. The proposed research will answer the following question: How does the local culture in Pakistan impact disaster preparedness at the household, community and national policy level? The answer will require in-depth explorations of socio-cultural norms and economic compulsions of vulnerable populations through a combination of in-depth interviews and survey based fieldwork in rural Pakistan.
Client-Based Pedagogy Meets Workplace Simulation: Developing Social Processes in the Arisoph Case Study

Teaching problem: Immersive pedagogies—including real-world or client-based projects, case studies, and simulations—have long been used to encourage student problem-solving, analytical thinking, and teamwork in professional communication. Building a connection to the real world has real challenges, however, for both instructors and students. How can we better prepare students for their future careers in our technical communication courses? Situating the case: This paper draws on three areas in the literature to situate the Arisoph case study: First, we discuss the work that has been done with client-based projects and the problems and challenges researchers have found with incorporating these projects into the classroom. Second, we discuss a newer model of workplace simulations, particularly focusing on the work done by Fisher and Russell. Third, we discuss the psychological theories of attribution and reattribution, which provided a foundation for our development of the Arisoph case study. How this case was studied: This paper describes the development of the Arisoph case study, an online client-based simulation course designed for engineering students to learn and practice technical communication. Course development and collection of instructor and student responses took place from 2010 to 2014. About the case: This paper details the development and implementation of the Arisoph case study, which brought the workplace realities of a variety of engineering professions into a classroom filled with engineering majors. The Arisoph simulation was designed to manage student attribution and reattribution, particularly to help engineering students connect the principles and skills learned in technical communication courses with their future careers. The Arisoph case study is a full-semester simulation, where students apply for work in a fictional company and fulfill different roles on professional teams. Each assignment during the semester is situated in the context of the simulation. The major projects for the simulation, however, come from a real client in the engineering field. This unique combination of simulation and client-based projects provides students with greater opportunities for successful reattribution. Conclusions: Initial student reactions to the course show an increased understanding of workplace communication and a greater motivation to produce the best possible product for the client. We hope that long-term studies will show significant carryover of those attitudes into students' careers.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 Isolate, AY201, Producer of Bacterial Cellulose and Important Model Organism for the Study of Cellulose Biosynthesis

ABSTRACT The cellulose producer and model organism used for the study of cellulose biosynthesis, Gluconacetobacter hansenii AY201, is a variant of G. hansenii ATCC 23769. We report here the complete nucleotide sequence of G. hansenii AY201, information which may be utilized to further the research into understanding the genes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis.
Anesthesia for in vitro fertilization

Summary This article presents the important aspects of IVF including its history, indications, technical aspects, and outcome. Oocyte retrieval requires the presence of an anesthesiologist. For laparoscopic aspiration of oocytes, general anesthesia reduces patient anxiety and provides excellent muscle relaxation, good operative conditions, and better control of ventilation. The use of general anesthesia mandates endotracheal intubation. Although no specific general anesthetic regimen is preferred, oxygen, nitrous oxide, and small doses of potent inhalation agents and short-acting narcotics provide intraoperative analgesia and amnesia, and minimize postoperative discomfort. Knowledge of the physiologic changes that occur with Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum, and vigilance for signs of hemorrhage and gas embolism are essential in avoiding serious complications. At present, no anesthetic agent or combination of drugs has been shown to be more or less toxic to human oocytes. However, few comparative studies have addressed this subject; certainly, good studies are needed.
Breaking up is hard to do: Women's experience of dissolving their same-sex relationship.

ABSTRACTWhile prior research has compared same-sex to heterosexual relationships, very little attention has been paid to the unique experiences of women dissolving same-sex relationships, especially in the context of shifting legal and social policies. The current study examined the experience of 20 women who dissolved their same-sex relationship between 2002 and 2014. Participants were drawn from a longitudinal sample of same-sex and heterosexual couples and were interviewed using a semi-structured protocol. Interviews focused on three primary research questions: reasons for dissolution, emotional reactions, and role of legal status. While reasons for dissolution largely mirrored literature on women in heterosexual relationships, emotional reactions and the role of legal status were both influenced by sexual minority-specific factors related to minority stress and the recent societal changes pertaining to legal relationship recognition. Results are interpreted in a framework of minority stress and the on...