cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are declarative sentences representational

We call a semantic theory "classical" if it includes the assertions that (i) a function V assigning semantic value maps object language proper names into some set D, (ii) V maps object language atomic sentences into some set F, and (iii) the extension of any object language unary predicate is a member of the power set of D. Two theorems can be proven which assert that any classical theory which includes certain other assumptions assigns the same member of F to every true object language sentence. Many accept the following argument: (1) every plausible semantic theory is classical and contains the assertions named in the theorems, (2) if the semantic value of declarative sentences is a representation or representational then some different true sentences differ in what they represent, hence, declarative sentences are not representational. I show how to avoid the conclusion by arguing for the falsity of (1).
The Incidence and Wage Consequences of Home-Based Work in the United States, 1980-2000

Abstract:This study documents the rapid growth in home-based wage and salary employment and the sharp decline in the home-based wage penalty in the United States between 1980 and 2000. These twin patterns, observed for both men and women in most occupation groups, suggest that employer costs of providing home-based work arrangements have decreased. Consistent with information technology (IT) advances being an important source of these falling costs, I find that occupation-gender cells that had larger increases in on-the-job IT use also experienced larger increases in the home-based employment share and larger declines in the home-based wage penalty.
Misconceptions of Traits Continue to Persist A Response to Bandura

In his defense of self-efficacy, Bandura (Journal of Management, vol. 38, no. 1) does the field a disservice by misconstruing what constitutes a trait. The authors of this response discuss current definitions of a trait and contrast these conceptions with the definition put forth by Bandura. Integral to this disagreement is the level of specificity across different psychological constructs. The authors suggest that if levels of specificity are acknowledged, traits may be meaningfully integrated into social cognitive models of personality. They contend that integrating traits and social cognitive units can benefit both fields and meaningfully impact applied research.
Database Access Control and Privacy: Is there a common ground?

Data privacy issues are increasingly becoming important for many applications. Traditionally, research in the database community in the area of data security can be broadly classified into access control research and data privacy research. Surprisingly, there is little overlap between these two areas. In this paper, we open up a discussion that asks if there is a suitable middle-ground between these areas. Given that the only infrastructure provided by database systems where much sensitive data resides is access control, we ask the question how the database systems infrastructure can step up to assist with privacy needs.
Analysis of the carbon-13 and proton NMR spectra of bovine chromaffin granules

Natural abundance carbon-13 and proton NMR spectra of bovine chromaffin granules have been obtained and analyzed using computer simulation techniques. High resolution spectra show the presence of a fluid aqueous phase containing epinephrine, ATP and a random coil protein. The protein spectrum contains unusually intense resonances due to glutamic acid and proline and has been simulated satisfactorily using the known amino acid composition of chromogranin A. The lipid phase of chromaffin granules gives rise to intense, but very broad, resonances in the carbon-13 spectrum. Protons in the lipid phase are also observable as a very rapid component of the proton-free induction decay (T2 approximately equal to 15 microns). Linewidths of the carbon-13 spectra have been used to set upper limits on rotational correlation times and on the motional anisotropy in the aqueous phase. These limits show that the aqueous phase is a simple solution (not a gel) that is isotropic over regions much larger than solute dimensions. No gel transition is observed between -3 and 25 degrees C. The carbon-13 spectra are definitely inconsistent with a lipoprotein matrix model and chromaffin granules previously proposed by Helle and Serck-Hanssen ((1975) Mol. Cell, Biochem. 6, 127-146). Relative carbon-13 intensities of ATP and epinephrine are not consistent with the known 1 : 4 mol ratio of these components. This fact suggests that epinephrine and ATP are not directly complexed in intact chromaffin granules.
You Wear Me Out The Vicarious Depletion of Self-Control

Acts of self-control may deplete an individual's self-regulatory resources. But what are the consequences of perceiving other people's use of self-control? Mentally simulating the actions of others has been found to elicit psychological effects consistent with the actual performance of those actions. Here, we consider how simulating versus merely perceiving the use of willpower can affect self-control abilities. In Study 1, participants who simulated the perspective of a person exercising self-control exhibited less restraint over spending on consumer products than did other participants. In Study 2, participants who took the perspective of a person using self-control exerted less willpower on an unrelated lexical generation task than did participants who took the perspective of a person who did not use self-control. Conversely, participants who merely read about another person's self-control exerted more willpower than did those who read about actions not requiring self-control. These findings suggest th...
Multiplexed imaging in cancer diagnosis: applications and future advances

Summary The development of imaging technologies that have sufficient specificity and sensitivity to enable early, accurate detection of cancer and response to therapy has long been a goal in oncology. Various radiological techniques have been used for diagnosis and surveillance of disease recurrence and imaging has revolutionised oncology. However, despite the widespread use of technologies, the ability of currently available imaging methods to facilitate early detection, precise characterisation, and accurate localisation of maligant disease could be improved. The simultaneous use of two or more techniques, contrast reagents, signalling methods, or the coupling of agent and tissue properties to achieve so-called multiplexed imaging is a promising approach. In this review, we provide a broad overview of current and emerging multiplexed, imaging technologies.
Rheological Behavior of Thermal Interface Pastes

Polyol-ester-based thermal pastes containing carbon black, fumed alumina or nanoclay exhibit Bingham plastic behavior with shear thinning. Carbon black gives double yielding, but fumed alumina and nanoclay give single yielding. The plastic viscosity increases with the solid content. Antioxidants increase the plastic viscosity and yield stresses. Nanoclay (1.0 vol.%) gives low shear moduli, high critical shear strain, and high loss tangent, thus resulting in low bond-line thickness and high thermal contact conductance for smooth (0.009 lm) proximate surfaces. Carbon black (Tokai, 8.0 vol.%) gives high moduli, low critical strain, and low loss tangent, thus resulting in high bondline thickness, though the high thermal conductivity due to the high solid content results in high thermal contact conductance for rough (15 lm) proximate surfaces. Antioxidants enhance the solid-like character, increase the yield stress, plastic viscosity, and bond-line thickness, and decrease the thermal contact conductance.
Northern Hemisphere Ice-Sheet Influences on Global Climate Change

Large ice sheets actively interact with the rest of the climate system by amplifying, pacing, and potentially driving global climate change over several time scales. Direct and indirect influences of ice sheets on climate cause changes in ocean surface temperatures, ocean circulation, continental water balance, vegetation, and land-surface albedo, which in turn cause additional feedbacks in the climate system and help to synchronize global climate change. The effect of the underlying geological substrate on ice-sheet dynamics may be the missing link in understanding the ice sheet–climate interactions that are integral to the middle Pleistocene transition; the 100,000-year climate cycle; high-amplitude, millennial-scale climate variability; and low–aspect ratio ice sheets of the Last Glacial Maximum.
Panic plaques: panic disorder & coronary artery disease in patients with chest pain.

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify characteristics of the chest pain associated with the presence of panic disorder, to determine the strength of the association between panic disorder and coronary artery disease (CAD), and to determine the association between panic disorder and known cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Potential studies were identified via computerized search using MEDLINE and PSYCINFO databases, and review of bibliographies. MeSH headings used included “panic disorder” with “chest pain,” “panic disorder” with “coronary disease or cardiovascular disorders or heart disorders,” and “panic disorder” with “cholesterol or essential hypertension or tobacco smoking.” Studies had to base their diagnosis of panic disorder on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, and objective criteria of CAD and risk factors had to be used. Only case-control and cohort studies were included. Results: The relative risk of panic disorder in patients with nonanginal chest pain is 2.03 [confidence interval (CI), 1.41 to 2.92]. Concerning the relationship between panic disorder and CAD, studies conducted in emergency departments found a relative risk of 1.25 (CI, 0.87 to 1.80). However, there is an inverse relationship between the prevalence of CAD in the study and the prevalence of panic disorder among the patients with CAD (r = −.469, P = .086). Panic disorder has also been linked to cardiac risk factors. Conclusions: Panic disorder and CAD are correlated in noncardiology settings, and recurrent panic attacks may actually cause CAD. Recognition of either condition should lead the family physician to consider the other, resulting in increased vigilance and possible screening.
Adaptive cluster computing using JavaSpaces

In this paper we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a framework that uses JavaSpaces to support this type of opportunistic adaptive parallel/distributed computing over networked clusters in a non-intrusive manner. The framework targets applications exhibiting coarse-grained parallelism and has three key features: (1) portability across heterogeneous platforms, (2) minimal configuration overheads for participating nodes, and (3) automated system state monitoring (using SNMP) to ensure non-intrusive behavior. Experimental results presented in this paper demonstrate that for applications that can be broken into coarse-grained, relatively independent tasks, the opportunistic adaptive parallel computing framework can provide performance gains. Furthermore, the results indicate that monitoring and reacting to the current system state minimizes the intrusiveness of the framework.
Sex ratios and sexual differences in size among mesopelagic fishes from the central Pacific Ocean

Population sex ratio, size at maturity and maximum size of both sexes were determined for 22 species of mesopelagic fishes in order to document the occurence and consider the ecological significance of deviations from even sex ratio and equal-sized sexes. Specimens were collected in oblique trawls near Hawaii between August 1977 and October 1978. Eight species (mostly small myctophids) appeared to have even sex ratios and no sexual differences in size. In some other myctophids and most stomiatoids, females were either more abundant or larger than males, and consequently the biomass of mature females in the population was greater than that of mature males. Such differences mean that there must be sexual differences in ages at maturity, growth rates, or mortality rates, but adequate data on these are not available. The adaptive value of such sexual differences may be to maximize eggproducing biomass and minimize intraspecific competition in a situation where food resources are low; however, equally plausible alternate hypotheses need to be tested. Sex ratio favored males in two melamphaid species, and the relative biomass of males in the populations was greater than in comparable myctophids or stomiatoids. Although this pattern means decreased egg production per population biomass, it also means increased probability of females encountering males. This increase may be particularly important to the melamphaid species because they have no luminous organs or other sexual dimorphisms to facilitate communication.
Do novices display automaticity during simulator training

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate whether novices improve their ability to develop multitask (ie, automaticity) with accumulating experience on a simulated laparoscopic task. Methods In this prospective study, novices (12 premed students) trained for 4 months in laparoscopic suturing. Simultaneously with suturing, participants performed a visual–spatial secondary task to assess their spare attentional capacity. Trainees were required to achieve expert-derived levels in both suturing (520 score) and the secondary task (target 73%). Their performance was assessed with objective scores, and their ability to multitask during training was examined. Results After 10 ± 5 hours and 84 ± 41 repetitions, participants demonstrated improvements in their suturing (70%, P P = 0.08) compared with their baseline scores. During the study period, 11 of 12 participants achieved suturing proficiency, but no one achieved secondary-task proficiency. Longer training times correlated with higher secondary-task scores ( r = .68, P 100 repetitions (n = 4) achieved higher secondary-task scores ( P Comments This study provides evidence for improved automaticity at advanced stages of simulator training. Although novices achieve simulator proficiency after relatively short training durations, the attainment of automaticity requires substantially longer training periods. Further study of this concept is warranted and is currently underway.
Glyphosate-induced reductions in pollen viability and seed set in glyphosate-resistant cotton and attempted remediation by gibberellic acid (GA3)

Abstract Glyphosate treatments to glyphosate-resistant (GR) cotton can cause increased fruit loss compared with untreated plants, likely due to reductions in pollen viability and alterations in floral morphology that may reduce pollination efficiency. This study was conducted to determine whether both stamen and pistil are affected by glyphosate treatments by measuring seed set from reciprocal reproductive crosses made between glyphosate-treated GR, untreated GR, and conventional nontransgenic cotton. Pollen viability was 51 and 38% lower for the first and second week of flowering, respectively, in GR plants treated with a four-leaf postemergence (POST) treatment and an eight-leaf POST-directed treatment of glyphosate than in GR plants that were not treated. Seed set per boll was significantly reduced when the pollen donor parent was glyphosate treated vs. untreated for the first 2 wk of flowering. There were no significant differences between treatments applied to male parents as measured by seed set at ...
Resolution of Intrathecal Hydromorphone or Morphine-induced Peripheral Edema by Opioid Rotation to Fentanyl: A Case Series.

Introduction Intrathecal therapy [IT] has become an important modality for treatment of intractable cancer and noncancer pain although adverse events limit its effectiveness. Objective The purpose of this case series was to report and discuss the lower limb edema from IT hydromorphone and morphine therapy and its resolution or nonrecurrence upon rotating the IT solution to fentanyl. Methods Case series. Results Five patients, 4 women and 1 man, 55 to 67 years old implanted with IT delivery device systems [IDDS] were treated with continuous infusion of hydromorphone [4 subjects] at 95 ± 40 mcg/24 hours and morphine [1 subject] at 0.67 mg/24 hours. They developed peripheral edema of the lower extremities at an average of 4.2 months [mean, range 1 to 8 months] after implant. In 4 subjects, peripheral edema resolved by changing the IT agent to fentanyl. The mean time for complete resolution of edema was 50 ± 20 days while patients were treated with continuous infusion of fentanyl. It should be noted that all patients were receiving bupivacaine in addition to the IT opioid. In one subject, infusion of IT saline resulted in faster resolution of peripheral edema. Conclusion Peripheral lower extremity edema may occur in patients treated with IT infusion of hydromorphone or morphine, even at low doses. This report presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first case series describing the benefit of IT opioid rotation to fentanyl in alleviating challenging lower extremity edema from IT hydromorphone and morphine.
Thermoplastic elastomers by sequential monomer addition: VI. Poly(p-methylstyrene-b-isobutylene-b-p-methylstyrene)

The living carbocationic polymerization (LC⊕ Pzn) of p-methylstyrene (pMeSt) was achieved by the use of the 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4 initiating system in the presence of triethylamine (Et3N) electron donor in CH3Cl/nC6H14 mixed solvent at-80°C. Next, the synthesis, characterization, and some physical-mechanical characteristics of a series of poly (p-methylstyrene-b-isobutylene-b-p-methylstyrene) (PpMeSt-PIB-PpMeSt) triblocks is described. The latter synthesis involved two steps in one reactor: 1) The generation of diliving polyisobutylene dications (⊕PIB⊕) by the dicumyl chloride (DiCumCl)/TiCl4 system under similar conditions followed by 2) The addition of pMeSt and growth of living PpMeSt⊕ cations. The PpMeSt-PIB-PpMeSt triblocks are soft thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs).
Calculator for conformational statistics of DNA and applications to high-curvature bending

DNA conformation plays an important role in a host of cellular processes. Despite the central importance of DNA conformation, there is not yet a general-purpose calculator for conformational statistics that is designed for the scientific community. Here we describe a public tool we developed for calculating an important class of conformational statistics: the end-to-end probability density of finding a locus of the DNA polymer at a given displacement and orientation relative to a second locus on the same polymer. As a demonstration, we propose a cyclization experiment and use our calculator to show that this experiment could measure the energy of DNA bending as a direct function of bend angle in the poorly understood high-bending regime. Our tool is available as both an online calculator and a downloadable program at http://mtshasta.phys.washington.edu/wormulator/.
On the Origin of the Major Peak Cluster Spacing in the Mass Spectra of Copolymers

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a uniquely informative technique in the characterization of copolymers, where spectra prominently feature peak clustering. The spacing of these clusters, in general, is dominated by the spacing of one repeat unit, and contained herein is the theory to explain this observation. Extension of this theory also explains the more subtle observation that, even though the spacing is generally that of one unit, occasionally, the spacing between the maxima of adjacent clusters shifts by that of the other unit. Furthermore, the theory predicts that, in the low molecular weight region of the spectrum, there is a total switch to the spacing of the other unit along with asymmetric peak clusters that have a “sawtooth” shape. The analysis uses the Gaussian, log–normal, and Schulz–Zimm models as well as the random coupling hypothesis to explicitly demonstrate that (1) the major peak cluster spacing naturally arises from the unit in the copolymer with the widest distribution, as measured by the sc...
Fall frequency and associated factors among men and women with or at risk for HIV infection.

Objectives Falls and fall-related injuries are a major public health concern. HIV-infected adults have been shown to have a high incidence of falls. Identification of major risk factors for falls that are unique to HIV infection or similar to those in the general population will inform development of future interventions for fall prevention. Methods HIV-infected and uninfected men and women participating in the Hearing and Balance Substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study were asked about balance symptoms and falls during the prior 12 months. Falls were categorized as 0, 1, or ≥ 2; proportional odds logistic regression models were used to investigate relationships between falls and demographic and clinical variables and multivariable models were created. Results Twenty-four per cent of 303 HIV-infected participants reported at least one fall compared with 18% of 233 HIV-uninfected participants (P = 0.27). HIV-infected participants were demographically different from HIV-uninfected participants, and were more likely to report clinical imbalance symptoms (P ≤ 0.035). In univariate analyses, more falls were associated with hepatitis C, female sex, obesity, smoking, and clinical imbalance symptoms, but not age, HIV serostatus or other comorbidities. In multivariable analyses, female sex and imbalance symptoms were independently associated with more falls. Among HIV-infected participants, smoking, a higher number of medications, and imbalance symptoms remained independent fall predictors, while current protease inhibitor use was protective. Conclusions Similar rates of falls among HIV-infected and uninfected participants were largely explained by a high prevalence of imbalance symptoms. Routine assessment of falls and dizziness/imbalance symptoms should be considered, with interventions targeted at reducing symptomatology.
Housestaff team research in the ambulatory setting

Training in research has been recognized as an importat component of internal medicine training. To provide a n search experience for their residents, the authors established a team research project designed and implemented by pos graduate year-2 and -3 internal medicine trainees with guidance from general medicine faculty. A successful research project was conducted by trainees, which resulted in an award-winning poster presentation at a scientific meeting and publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The process of conducting a resident faculty team research project in the ambulating care setting is described in this report. The authors encourage other internal medicine programs to consider resident team research efforts to expose a large number of trainees to research experience.
Deceleration Dynamics of Unreefed Cruciform and Flat Circular Parachutes During and After Inflation

We report the results of our study of the drag force and deceleration sustained by unreefed parachutes, particularly after inflation. Using the results of our computer simulations and of our most recent test drop data, we obtain the explicit drag force evolution for decelerating cruciform and flat circular parachutes during their inflation phase and post-inflation phase. Ludtke's fd-drag area law is used to simulate the inflation dynamics, and for the first time is applied to cruciform parachutes. During the post-inflation phase, we have used the new model of unsteady drag recently proposed by some of us (JP, GP and BB). This model does not use the familiar "added mass'* idea but instead rely on the aerodynamic equivalence between a vehicle decelerating to terminal speed in a static fluid, and the same vehicle drifting with the moving fluid while accelerating to the speed of the fluid. It is shown that depending on the swiftness of a given opening sequence, the maximum value of the drag coefficient during the post-inflation phase can be much greater than its steady state value, by up to a factor of three. Our analysis also shows that, as expected, CD(t) rapidly converges back to its steady state value as the parachute-payload system settles into its terminal velocity regime.
A pattern recognition approach to data fusion in intelligent vehicle highway systems

This research addresses two issues--traffic congestion data fusion, and travel time data fusion and estimation. Congestion level data fusion involves fusing data from multiple sources into an estimate of the current congestion level. Such information is needed for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) applications which provide travelers with high-level information on the transportation network. Travel time data fusion involves fusing data from multiple sources into an estimate of current link travel times. Such fusion is needed for ATIS applications making use of dynamic route guidance. The current methods for solving the data fusion problem either uses simple selection and aging technique or weighted averaging technique. These techniques have many limitations such as ignorance of data from one or more sources, lack of learning capabilities, and lack of tolerance for uncertainty. This research work targeted towards overcoming some of these limitations using pattern recognition approach. Research results showed that both the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence and fuzzy four-valued logic provide interesting mechanisms for fusing uncertain traffic congestion data. We have demonstrated the ability of a counterpropagation neural network for travel time data fusion. Our research results show that a method based on both fuzzy logic and neural networks in combination can significantly improve the accuracy of travel time estimation and reduce the time and effort needed to extract the traffic engineering knowledge and devise fuzzy if-then rules.
Reconstruction of the head and neck.

The collaboration of surgeons, radiation oncologists, chemothera-pists, dentists, oral surgeons, prosthodontists, and speech therapists has led to major advances in the management of the difficult cancers of the head and neck area. The advent of myocutaneous flaps and the facilitation of microsurgical free flaps have ushered in an era of one-stage reconstructions to shorten the hospital stay and improve the overall therapeutic, functional, and cosmetic results.
Attorney General of Norway

This chapter gives a brief introduction to the Office of the Norwegian Attorney General and presents some experiences made during 20 years of litigation before the EFTA Court. This includes reflections on the judicial dialogue between national courts and the EFTA Court, followed by an examination of various material issues, such as the principle of homogeneity, the internal market and the ECHR.
ARC Syndrome-Linked Vps33B Protein Is Required for Inflammatory Endosomal Maturation and Signal Termination

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) sense microbial ligands and initiate signaling to induce inflammatory responses. Although the quality of inflammatory responses is influenced by internalization of TLRs, the role of endosomal maturation in clearing receptors and terminating inflammatory responses is not well understood. Here, we report that Drosophila and mammalian Vps33B proteins play critical roles in the maturation of phagosomes and endosomes following microbial recognition. Vps33B was necessary for clearance of endosomes containing internalized PRRs, failure of which resulted in enhanced signaling and expression of inflammatory mediators. Lack of Vps33B had no effect on trafficking of endosomes containing non-microbial cargo. These findings indicate that Vps33B function is critical for determining the fate of signaling endosomes formed following PRR activation. Exaggerated inflammatory responses dictated by persistence of receptors in aberrant endosomal compartments could therefore contribute to symptoms of ARC syndrome, a disease linked to loss of Vps33B.
Emotion in Robots Using Convolutional Neural Networks

These years, emotion recognition has been one of the hot topics in computer science and especially in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) and Robot-Robot Interaction (RRI). By emotion (recognition and expression), robots can recognize human behavior and emotion better and can communicate in a more human way. On that point are some research for unimodal emotion system for robots, but because, in the real world, Human emotions are multimodal then multimodal systems can work better for the recognition. Yet, beside this multimodality feature of human emotion, using a flexible and reliable learning method can help robots to recognize better and makes more beneficial interaction. Deep learning showed its force in this area and here our model is a multimodal method which use 3 main traits (Facial Expression, Speech and gesture) for emotion (recognition and expression) in robots. We implemented the model for six basic emotion states and there are some other states of emotion, such as mix emotions, which are really laborious to be picked out by robots. Our experiments show that a significant improvement of identification accuracy is accomplished when we use convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and multimodal information system, from 91 % reported in the previous research [27] to 98.8 %.
Development of an Ignition Coil Integrated System to Monitor the Spark Plugs Wear

The most recent spark plug development comprehends an increasing usage of rare precious metal alloys like Iridium and are aiming to a lifetime extension of the device, as well as the improvement of the ignition efficiency. However, they are also contributing to the higher cost of the latest spark plugs.
Under the surface of a star

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar died on August 21 1995. On the following day, colleagues at the University of Chicago gathered to share their recollections of Chandra. In remarks and anecdotes, many speakers conveyed a sense of their awe of this man, who was arguably the greatest theoretical astrophysicist of the century. They spoke of their grief at the loss of such a colleague, and celebrated his extraordinary life. The atmosphere of awe, grief and celebration that marked that occasion has been recaptured in this book.
A real-time RT-qPCR assay for the detection of Citrus tatter leaf virus

Citrus tatter leaf virus (CLTV) is globally distributed wherever citrus is grown, and, given the extensive use of CTLV sensitive rootstock, has the potential to be a significant threat to the citrus industry. In order to facilitate fast and reliable detection of this virus, we have developed a CTLV-specific real-time RT-qPCR assay. The optimized assay was found to be more reliable and sensitive compared to ELISA and end-point RT-PCR, detecting CTLV in up to 70% more plants. The real-time RT-qPCR is also specific, as it did not cross-react with the closely related Apple stem grooving virus or with the host itself; robust, being able to detect CTLV in young and mature host tissue types; and rapid.
Ballistic-diffusive phonon heat transport across grain boundaries

Abstract The propagation of a heat pulse in a single crystal and across grain boundaries (GBs) is simulated using a concurrent atomistic-continuum method furnished with a coherent phonon pulse model. With a heat pulse constructed based on a Bose-Einstein distribution of phonons, this work has reproduced the phenomenon of phonon focusing in single and polycrystalline materials. Simulation results provide visual evidence that the propagation of a heat pulse in crystalline solids with or without GBs is partially ballistic and partially diffusive, i.e., there is a co-existence of ballistic and diffusive thermal transport, with the long-wavelength phonons traveling ballistically while the short-wavelength phonons scatter with each other and travel diffusively. To gain a quantitative understanding of GB thermal resistance, the kinetic energy transmitted across GBs is monitored on the fly and the time-dependent energy transmission for each specimen is measured; the contributions of coherent and incoherent phonon transport to the energy transmission are estimated. Simulation results reveal that the presence of GBs modifies the nature of thermal transport, with the coherent long-wavelength phonons dominating the heat conduction in materials with GBs. In addition, it is found that phonon-GB interactions can result in reconstruction of GBs.
The effects of ultraviolet radiation on the brown midrib mutants of Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor

The brown-midrib varieties (bm/bmr) of corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) have gained attention as both forage material and feedstock for biofuel. These varieties are attractive due to their low-lignin content resulting from alterations in the phenylpropanoid pathway. These bm/bmr varieties have impaired activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) or caffeate/5 hydroxyferulate O-methyl transferase (COMT) enzymes. We examined the effects of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280–320 nm) on bm3 corn and bmr6 sorghum growing in a UV-transparent greenhouse in southern Minnesota. Plants grew under filters that either transmitted 2.8% (mylar) or 90% (aclar) of UV-B for 71 days. We monitored UV-screening effectiveness and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves with pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometers. In order to explain differences in UV-screening effectiveness, we estimated concentrations of bulk-soluble UV-absorbing compounds (λ = 300 and 370 nm). We also measured final cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin concentrations of plants using a fiber analyzer. Epidermal transmittance of UV was reduced under aclar filters in both species and decreased from 41.6 to 1.9% in corn and 66.4 to 0.98% in sorghum. Increased epidermal screening may be related to the 35–39 and 37–54% higher concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds in plants growing under aclar. Concentrations of lignin were 1.7% lower in corn and 1.1% higher in sorghum in plants under aclar treatments. These contrasting results may be the result of alterations in the phenylpropanoid pool associated with each bm/bmr variety.
Association Between Sponsorship and Findings of Medical Home Evaluations.

Evaluation teams of medical home interventions often have one or more members who are employed or funded by the intervention sponsor, which could lead to biased interpretation of mixed results.
Application of methyl jasmonate to grey willow ( Salix cinerea ) attracts insectivorous birds in nature

It has been suggested that insectivorous birds may be guided by herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to herbivore-rich trees with herbivorous damage. The HIPV production in plants is partly mediated by jasmonic acid signalling pathway. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was proved to be a suitable agent for induction of HIPVs similar to those induced by herbivorous insects in many plant species. We studied the effects of methyl jasmonate on volatile emission and natural enemy attraction using mature grey willow (Salix cinerea) under natural conditions in Czech Republic. We treated 12 experimental shrubs with 30 mM MeJA and completed the experiment with 12 control shrubs. We monitored attacks by natural predators with artificial plasticine caterpillars which were checked daily. Birds most often pecked the caterpillars exposed on MeJA-treated shrubs and this attractiveness differed significantly from control. Attractiveness of MeJA-treated shrubs did not differ significantly from control shrubs for arthropod predators. Spraying MeJA on grey willows resulted in significantly higher production of α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene and β-ocimene. There was a marginally significant positive correlation between the predation rate by birds and relative change in α-pinene emissions.
A Few Words to Get Us Started

In this chapter, we introduce the inception, foundations, research findings, and current inquiry about motivating language theory. This theory was originally conceptualized by professor Jeremiah Sullivan as a communicative path to enhance follower motivation and related outcomes through mindful and strategic leader speech. These forms of talk are embedded in meaning-making (giving significance and cultural guidance to work), empathetic (sharing human bonding at work), and direction-giving (dispelling ambiguity and transparently sharing work expectations) languages. The three dimensions of ML represent most types of leader to follower work-related speech and elicit the best results when the leader walks the talk, employees accurately perceive what the leader intends, and all ML dimensions are used appropriately.
It's getting better all the time (can't get no worse): the why, how and when of environmental entrepreneurship

In this essay, I discuss the current boundaries and potential promise of environmental entrepreneurship research. I argue that environmental entrepreneurship provides a unique lens to study how to effectively address human-induced climate change. However, for such studies to be effective, we need to understand: 1) why some individuals choose to pursue environmental entrepreneurship; 2) how organisations pursue integrated economic and ecological goals; 3) when does such action have a significant impact. I propose these three questions provide an agenda for understanding the simultaneous pursuit of economic and ecological benefits through the creation of new products, services, and markets.
Gate controlled Majorana zero modes of a two-dimensional topological superconductor

Half-integer conductance, the signature of Majorana edge modes, was recently observed in a thin-film magnetic topological insulator/superconductor bilayer. This letter analyzes a scheme for gate control of Majorana zero modes in such systems. Gating the top surface of the thin-film magnetic topological insulator controls the topological phase in the region underneath the gate. The voltage of the transition depends on the gate width, and narrower gates require larger voltages. Relatively long gates are required, on the order of 2 μm, to prevent hybridization of the end modes and to allow the creation of Majorana zero modes at low gate voltages. Applying voltage to T-shaped and I-shaped gates localizes the Majorana zero modes at their ends. This scheme may provide a facile method for implementing quantum gates for topological quantum computing.
Toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene in humans: Extensive metabolism as determined by UPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry following oral micro-dosing

Abstract Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), is a known human carcinogen (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) class 1). The remarkable sensitivity (zepto-attomole 14C in biological samples) of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) makes possible, with de minimus risk, pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis following [14C]-BaP micro-dosing of humans. A 46 ng (5 nCi) dose was given thrice to 5 volunteers with minimum 2 weeks between dosing and plasma collected over 72 h. [14C]-BaPeq PK analysis gave plasma Tmax and Cmax values of 1.25 h and 29–82 fg/mL, respectively. PK parameters were assessed by non- compartment and compartment models. Intervals between dosing ranged from 20 to 420 days and had little impact on intra-individual variation. DNA, extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 4 volunteers, showed measurable levels (LOD ~ 0.5 adducts/1011 nucleotides) in two individuals 2–3 h post-dose, approximately three orders of magnitude lower than smokers or occupationally-exposed individuals. Little or no DNA binding was detectable at 48–72 h. In volunteers the allelic variants CYP1B1*1/*⁎1, *1/*3 or *3/*3 and GSTM1*0/0 or *1 had no impact on [14C]-BaPeq PK or DNA adduction with this very limited sample. Plasma metabolites over 72 h from two individuals (one CYP1B1*1/*1 and one CYP1B1*3/*3) were analyzed by UPLC-AMS. In both individuals, parent [14C]-BaP was a minor constituent even at the earliest time points and metabolite profiles markedly distinct. AMS, coupled with UPLC, could be used in humans to enhance the accuracy of pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics and risk assessment of environmental carcinogens.
DYNAMIC PRICE DISCRIMINATION IN DEMAND RESPONSE MARKET: A BILEVEL GAME THEORETICAL MODEL

As opposed to the traditional supply-follow-demand approach, demand response is seen as an effective solution to improve efficiency of electricity system. In demand response, dynamic pricing schemes are believed to have significant potential to fully exploit the flexibility of shiftable energy consumptions. Most existing work on dynamic pricing schemes, however, falls short on consideration of price discrimination over different types of consumer groups. In this work, we propose a bilevel game theoretical Stackelberg model between a price-making utility company (a leader) and price-taking consumer groups (followers) in a discriminated dynamic pricing environment. We show under price discrimination producer surplus is monotonically increasing as energy consumption capacity of consumer groups increases. Numerical simulation validates our theoretical analysis and also shows that without price discrimination the social welfare may decrease against the energy consumption capacity of consumer groups. Moreover, social welfare can be higher under price discrimination.
The Two-Point Technique for Fluoroscopic-Guided Endoscopic Procedures in Urology: A Validation Study.

Abstract Introduction: The widespread use of diagnostic and therapeutic ionizing radiation raises concerns regarding excessive occupational and patient exposure. In this study, we test a novel fluo...
Choice modeling perspectives on the use of interpersonal social networks and social interactions in activity and travel behavior

Abstract Understanding the determinants of activities and travel is critical for transportation policymakers, planners, and engineers to design and manage transportation systems. These sociotechnical systems, and their externalities, are interwoven with social systems in communities, cities, regions, and societies. But discrete choice models – the predominant modeling tool for researching travel behavior and planning transportation systems – are grounded in theories of individual decision-making. This research expands knowledge about the incorporation of social interactions into activity-travel choice models in the areas of informational conformity as well as social capital and social network indicators. The chapter begins with a look at how social interactions can be incorporated into activity-based modeling systems – emphasizing the link between the context of decisions and social interactions to the social networks chosen for the analysis. This chapter provides a discussion of how social networks are incorporated into discrete choice models of social interactions with specific application in travel behavior. The state-of-the-art is described through two avenues of research: (1) methodological advancements in modeling social influence as taste variation and (2) efforts to develop a social capital theory of leisure activity behavior.
Adaptive Estimation and Statistical Inference for High-Dimensional Graph-Based Linear Models

We consider adaptive estimation and statistical inference for high-dimensional graph-based linear models. In our model, the coordinates of regression coefficients correspond to an underlying undirected graph. Furthermore, the given graph governs the piecewise polynomial structure of the regression vector. In the adaptive estimation part, we apply graph-based regularization techniques and propose a family of locally adaptive estimators called the Graph-Piecewise-Polynomial-Lasso. We further study a one-step update of the Graph-Piecewise-Polynomial-Lasso for the problem of statistical inference. We develop the corresponding theory, which includes the fixed design and the sub-Gaussian random design. Finally, we illustrate the superior performance of our approaches by extensive simulation studies and conclude with an application to an Arabidopsis thaliana microarray dataset.
Preparing Academics to Teach: Example of a Structured Method of Preparing Doctoral Students in Business Programs to Teach:

The qualifications of academics to teach students are often left unquestioned. Current accreditation standards, for an academic to teach, are typically determined by courses taken, certifications o...
Martin Beckmann (1924–2017): Polymath Theorist

In this chapter, Gordon Mulligan analyzes how Martin Beckmann, following in the tradition of earlier German economists—including von Thunen and Losch—developed mathematical models showing how location and space affect the behavior of markets. Early on, Beckmann revealed his interest in understanding human organizations, investigated the nature of traffic flows, and uncovered key properties of spatial networks. Exposed to new methods in mathematical programming, he demonstrated the mutual interdependence of manufacturing plant location and the allocation of their activities. Later, Beckmann modeled how space affects continuous markets and developed hierarchy models for systems of cities conforming to rank-size rules. Beckmann’s contributions were formally recognized when the RSA awarded him its second Founder’s Medal—the first recipient having been the Founder himself, Walter Isard.
Presidential inauguration tourism and hotel occupancy: Evidence from the Obama and Trump inaugurals:

This article examines the impact of the inaugurations of Barack Obama and Donald Trump on hotel occupancy in the Washington DC metro area. Using daily hotel data from 2010 to 2020 and controlling f...
Acquired drug resistance enhances imidazoquinoline efflux by P-glycoprotein

Abstract Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) cancers mitigate the action of chemotherapeutics through drug efflux that occurs via ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) transporters, including P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp or ABCB1/MDR1). Because Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonist immunotherapies elicit abscopal anti-tumoral effects by modulating the activity of bystander tumor infiltrating immune cells, they not only circumvent the neutralizing effects of drug efflux, but could also work in synergy with this process. However, the effect of drug resistance on TLR agonist efflux is largely unknown. We begin to address this by investigating P-gp mediated efflux of model TLR agonists in cancer cell lines before and after acquired drug resistance. First, we used functionalized liposomes to determine that imidazoquinoline TLR agonists Imiquimod, Resiquimod, and Gardiquimod are substrates for P-gp. Next, we created Doxorubicin-resistant cancer cell lines from B16 melanoma, TRAMP prostate, and 4T1 breast cancer and observed that each cell line increased P-gp expression in response to Doxorubicin. Comparing imidazoquinoline efflux in Doxorubicin-resistant cell lines, relative to parent cancer cell lines, we used P-gp competitive substrates and inhibitors to demonstrate that imidazoquinoline efflux occurs through P-gp and is enhanced as a consequence of acquired drug resistance. We found that the most hydrophobic, yet least potent imidazoquinoline (Imiquimod), was the best substrate for efflux. This suggests a new parameter, susceptibility to drug efflux, could be an important consideration in the rationale design of the next generation of TLR agonist immunotherapies that are targeted to cancer cells, yet effect their mechanisms of action by modulating the activity of tumor infiltrating immune cells.