cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermally assisted spin-transfer torque dynamics in energy space

We consider the general Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert theory underlying the magnetization dynamics of a macrospin magnet subject to spin-torque effects and thermal fluctuations. Thermally activated dynamical properties are analyzed by averaging the full magnetization equations over constant-energy orbits. After averaging, all the relevant dynamical scenarios are a function of the ratio between hard and easy axis anisotropies. We derive analytically the range of currents for which limit cycles exist and discuss the regimes in which the constant energy orbit averaging technique is applicable.
Electron-Spin-Polarized Targets for a Collisionally-Pumped Polarized-Ion Source

Collisional pumping has been proposed as a mechanism for producing polarized ion beams more intense by orders of magnitude than those from the best existing sources. One implementation of this method employs a very thick electron-spin-polarized alkali-vapor target in a low magnetic field, and is characterized by a predicted 100% spin-transfer efficiency from the target to the beam. Target characteristics and design constraints are discussed.
Measurement of urinary 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and thromboxane B2 using bonded-phase phenylboronic acid columns and capillary gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract The use of bonded-phase phenylboronic acid columns to selectively extract 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and thromboxane B2 from urine is reported. The compounds were first derivatized as the methoxime and then applied to the phenylboronic acid columns. Subsequent purification by thin-layer chromatography and derivatization to the pentafluorobenzyl ester, trimethylsilyl ether followed by capillary gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry, monitoring specific ions, allows quantitation in the low-picogram/milliliter range. In healthy male volunteers, the median excretions of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and thromboxane B2 were 10.3 ng/h (range, 4.5–24 ng/h) and 2.8 ng/h (range, 0.5–7.3 ng/h), respectively. The method offers a noninvasive, specific approach to the study of thromboxane synthesis and platelet function in man. It is much less labor intensive than currently available methods employing electron-impact chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Educational Inequities and Latina/o Undergraduate Students in the United States: A Critical Race Analysis of Their Educational Progress

Using critical race theory (CRT) as a framework, the authors analyze the educational inequities and racialized barriers faced by Latina/o college students when navigating the educational pipeline leading to a college degree. The impact of racialized structures, policies, and practices is examined in the context of how they influence the educational attainment and academic progress of Latinas/os. The article concludes by offering CRT-based policy and practical approaches to enhancing the success of Latina/o college students.
Fabrication and Electrical Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Thick Films

Thick films of lead zirconate titanate of the morphotropic phase boundary composition, Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3, have been fabricated on platinum-buffered silicon using a modified sol–gel spin-coating technique. Crack-free films of 12-μm thickness can be uniformly deposited on 3-in.-diameter wafers with high yield and properties comparable to those of bulk ceramics. The thickness dependence of film structure and the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties have been characterized over the thickness range of 1–12 μm. A strong (100) texture develops as film thickness increases above 5 μm; the films were marked by saturation values of longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33, 340 pC/N; remanent polarization, 27 μC/cm2; and dielectric permittivity, 1450. PZT films in this thickness range are extremely well-suited to application as electromechanical transduction media in silicon-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Leveraging designer's intent: A path toward simpler analog CAD tools

Leveraging the Boolean intent of digital circuits has enabled a wide set of CAD tools that helped increase the productivity of digital designers. To increase analog designers' productivity requires a similar encapsulation of designer's intent for analog circuits. We argue that linear system models serve this role for almost all analog circuits, while the variables of these models may be in some transformed domains, rather than being the direct voltage/current waveforms of the circuits. We show how using these models enable new ways to design, optimize, and validate mixed-signal circuits. Even systems that reach steady states only in a stochastic sense can be analyzed as linear systems. Then a remaining issue is to ensure that the non-linear circuit reaches the intended “linear” operating point during start-up, which can be addressed by global convergence analysis.
Challenges in gate level modeling for delay and SI at 65nm and below

In this paper we review the prior art and recent advances in the area of standard cell modeling for delay and noise analyses, suggest a taxonomy of different cell models, and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss challenges in cell modeling for delay and noise analyses arising in new submicron process nodes.
Developmental regulation of spine motility in the mammalian central nervous system

The function of dendritic spines, postsynaptic sites of excitatory input in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), is still not well understood. Although changes in spine morphology may mediate synaptic plasticity, the extent of basal spine motility and its regulation and function remains controversial. We investigated spine motility in three principal neurons of the mouse CNS: cerebellar Purkinje cells, and cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Motility was assayed with time-lapse imaging by using two-photon microscopy of green fluorescent protein-labeled neurons in acute and cultured slices. In all three cell types, dendritic protrusions (filopodia and spines) were highly dynamic, exhibiting a diversity of morphological rearrangements over short (<1-min) time courses. The incidence of spine motility declined during postnatal maturation, but dynamic changes were still apparent in many spines in late-postnatal neurons. Although blockade or induction of neuronal activity did not affect spine motility, disruption of actin polymerization did. We hypothesize that this basal motility of dendritic protrusions is intrinsic to the neuron and underlies the heightened plasticity found in developing CNS.
Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

OBJECTIVE: We provide a review and analysis of much of the published literature on visual perception issues that impact the design and use of head-mounted displays (HMDs). BACKGROUND: Unlike the previous literature on HMDs, this review draws heavily from the basic vision literature in order to help provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. METHOD: Included in this review are articles and books found cited in other works as well as articles and books obtained from an Internet search. RESULTS: Issues discussed include the effect of brightness and contrast on depth of field, dark focus, dark vergence, and perceptual constancy; the effect of accommodation-vergence synergy on perceptual constancy, eyestrain, and discomfort; the relationship of field of view to the functioning of different visual pathways and the types of visual-motor tasks mediated by them; the relationship of binocular input to visual suppression; and the importance of head movements, head tracking, and display update lag. CONCLUSION: This paper offers a set of recommendations for the design and use of HMDs. APPLICATION: Consideration of the basic vision literature will provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. Language: en
Improved acoustic target tracking using wavelet based time difference of arrival information

This study demonstrates the improvement in passive acoustic target tracking accuracy that can be achieved from the addition of transient signal time difference of arrival information to the set of target measurements. A scheme for automatic transient detection and TDOA estimation that takes advantage of prior target position information is proposed. The benefits of the process are highlighted, and two simulations demonstrating the viability of the method are provided.
Selective Compensatory Induction of Hepatic HMG-CoA Reductase in Response to Inhibition of Cholesterol Absorption:

The effect of the potent inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, ezetimibe, on serum cholesterol levels was tested in diabetic and thyroidectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Feeding diets supplemented with 1% cholesterol to the diabetic rats raised serum cholesterol levels from 132 to 514 mg/dl while decreasing hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase protein and mRNA levels. Addition of 10 mg/kg/day of ezetimibe to the diets of these animals lowered the serum cholesterol level to 90 mg/dl and produced a large compensatory increase in hepatic HMG-CoA reductase protein without significantly increasing mRNA levels, indicating a post-transcriptional effect. Hepatic LDL receptor protein levels in these diabetic rats were unaffected by ezetimibe treatment. In contrast, ezetimibe treatment of these young normal Sprague-Dawley rats, known to express high levels of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, did not lower serum cholesterol levels. In thyroidectomized rats, dietary cholesterol increased serum cholesterol levels from 116 to 135 mg/dl and ezetimibe treatment lowered these elevated cholesterol levels to 85 mg/dl. Cholesterol feeding of thyroidectomized rats severely reduced hepatic HMG-CoA reductase protein, while ezetimibe treatment restored reductase protein to normal levels. Again, hepatic LDL receptor protein levels were unaffected by ezetimibe treatment of cholesterol-fed thyroidectomized rats. The data demonstrate that the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe profoundly lowers serum cholesterol levels in animals expressing very low rates of hepatic cholesterol synthesis and produces large compensatory increases in hepatic HMG-CoA reductase expression without significantly affecting expression of hepatic LDL receptors. This indicates that ezetimibe should be most effective in lowering serum cholesterol levels in people with low rates of cholesterol synthesis/high rates of cholesterol absorption.
A general approach for highly defect tolerant Parallel Prefix Adder design

This paper proposes a highly defect tolerant Parallel Prefix Adder (PPA) design. Motivated by the inherent defect tolerance capability displayed in a Kogge Stone Adder (KSA), this paper identifies the key elements that can be applied to make the general PPA's defect tolerant: 1) the Generate and Propagate computing hardware is divided into disjoint groups, such that defects in one group will not “contaminate” the computation carried out by the other groups; 2) redundant copies of the results for each group can be derived cost-effectively from the other disjoint groups. This approach provides flexibilities for a defect tolerant PPA design on both the number of groups and the type of Sub-Adder structure to be adopted. As is verified by the simulation results, the proposed scheme not only offers a general way of constructing highly defect tolerant PPA's, but also opens up a large number of pareto-front design choices, considering the objectives of reliability, hardware and performance.
Dismounted Complex Blast Injuries

Dismounted complex blast injuries (DCBIs) are no longer limited to the battlefield. A blast inflicts blunt, penetrating, and thermal trauma, creating a complex injury pattern. The pattern of injuries in DCBI is characterized by amputation of at least 1 lower extremity, severe injuries to one or more other extremities, and a constellation of pelvic, abdominal, and urogenital wounding. The key element of success in treating these patients is a systematic approach beginning at the point of detonation. The earliest and most crucial treatment priority is hemorrhage control. This is best accomplished in the prehospital setting with a tourniquet. Damage control resuscitation with blood and products should begin en route or immediately upon arrival at the hospital. The initial surgical priorities are based on damage control principles and focus on surgical hemorrhage control and aggressive debridement of debris and devitalized tissue. While the most dramatic injuries are related to the amputations, one must consider other injuries such as ocular, mild traumatic brain injury, tympanic membrane rupture, and maxillary facial injuries. Infection control is essential for long term survival.
Abstract A152: The macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes breast cancer metastasis through interaction with the host immune response

The Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been well-characterized as a mediator of numerous inflammatory disease processes, including in the setting of breast cancer. Ongoing research has shown that increased levels of MIF in breast cancer patient serum and biopsy samples are a marker of poor prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that expression of MIF in the primary tumor is required for spontaneous pulmonary metastasis in the 4T1 murine model of breast cancer. We hypothesized that MIF, as a cytokine, would promote metastasis by controlling some aspect of the interaction between the tumor and the host immune system. This was supported by our observation that MIF expression was no longer required for metastasis in an immunodeficient host lacking T, B, and NK cells. Using flow cytometry, we discovered that MIF expression in the primary tumor increased the abundance of a subset of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, systemic depletion of MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice prevented spontaneous metastasis, suggesting that the MIF-induced increase in MDSCs is likely mediating the enhanced metastasis. These observations support a model in which MIF and MDSCs may be cooperating to protect the tumor cells from immune attack not only in the primary tumor, but also at sites of metastasis. Therefore, we hypothesize that MIF and MDSCs are functioning together to promote formation of a “metastatic niche” in the lung. Our ongoing studies aim to determine if MIF expression in the primary tumor drives matrix remodeling and/or establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the lungs of tumor-bearing mice, as well as whether inhibiting MIF pharmacologically can interrupt the process of niche formation. A more complete understanding of the role MIF plays in breast cancer development and metastasis will support deployment of MIF-targeted therapeutic interventions, as well as providing critical support for studies of how MIF inhibition might be combined with other immune-targeted therapies to enhance patient survival. Citation Format: Kristen N. Balogh, Janet V. Cross. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes breast cancer metastasis through interaction with the host immune response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A152.
Improving Models of Slipping, Guessing, and Moment-By-Moment Learning with Estimates of Skill Difficulty.

Over the past several years, several extensions to Bayesian knowledge tracing have been proposed in order to improve predictions of students’ in-tutor and post-test performance. One such extension is Contextual Guess and Slip, which incorporates machine-learned models of students’ guess and slip behaviors in order to enhance the overall model’s predictive performance [Baker et al. 2008a]. Similar machine learning approaches have been introduced in order to detect specific problem-solving steps during which students most likely learned particular skills [Baker, Goldstein, and Heffernan in press]. However, one important class of features that have not been considered in machine learning models used in these two techniques is metrics of item and skill difficulty, a key type of feature in other assessment frameworks [e.g Hambleton, Swaminathan, & Rogers, 1991; Pavlik, Cen, & Koedinger 2009]. In this paper, a set of engineered features that quantify skill difficulty and related skill-level constructs are investigated in terms of their ability to improve models of guessing, slipping, and detecting moment-by-moment learning. Supervised machine learning models that have been trained using the new skill-difficulty features are compared to models from the original contextual guess and slip and moment-by-moment learning detector work. This includes performance comparisons for predicting students’ in-tutor responses, as well as post-test responses, for a pair of Cognitive Tutor data sets.
The NuRD complex component p66 suppresses photoreceptor neuron regeneration in planarians

Regeneration involves precise control of cell fate to produce an appropriate complement of tissues formed within a blastema. Several chromatin-modifying complexes have been identified as required for regeneration in planarians, but it is unclear whether this class of molecules uniformly promotes the production of differentiated cells. We identify a function for p66, encoding a DNA-binding protein component of the NuRD (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase) complex, as well as the chromodomain helicase chd4, in suppressing production of photoreceptor neurons (PRNs) in planarians. This suppressive effect appeared restricted to PRNs because p66 inhibition did not influence numbers of eye pigment cup cells (PCCs) and decreased numbers of brain neurons and epidermal progenitors. PRNs from p66(RNAi) animals differentiated with some abnormalities but nonetheless produced arrestin+ projections to the brain. p66 inhibition produced excess ovo+otxA+ PRN progenitors without affecting numbers of ovo+otxA- PCC progenitors, and ovo and otxA were each required for the p66(RNAi) excess PRN phenotype. Together these results suggest that p66 acts through the NuRD complex to suppress PRN production by limiting expression of lineage-specific transcription factors.
Breathing easier in the intensive care unit. Pneumonia.

Pneumonia is the most common cause of death due to infectious disease in the United States and the most common cause of death in the world. Community-acquired pneumonia occurs in the outpatient setting and usually has a low mortality if hospitalization can be avoided. Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia have a high incidence as well as high mortality and morbidity. Nurses are key to identifying patients at risk and introducing interventions that can reduce or prevent infections.
Multi-source Information Fusion Using Measure Representations

We first look at the issue of representing information about an uncertain variable using a measure. We focus on some notable measures that can be used. We discuss the role of aggregation functions in the task of combining measures to form new measures. We look at this in the framework of multi-source information fusion. We focus on the fusion of probabilistic and possibilistic information and discuss its role in hard-soft information fusion. We look at some characterizing features associated with measures used to represent uncertain values of variables. We discuss the concepts of assurance and opportunity that play a role in the process of answering questions using information obtained from a measure.
Caudothalamic Groove: Value in Identification of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage by Sonography In Preterm Neonates

A prospective study of 25 consecutive premature infants under 1,500 g was undertaken to evaluate the frequency and sonographic appearance of subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage. In all 12 sonographically positive cases, the hemorrhage was initially imaged in the area immediately anterior to the caudothalamic groove. Special attention to this area permits early detection of germinal matrix hemorrhage, and neurosonography of neonates should be considered incomplete unless this area has been thoroughly imaged.
Liver mitochondrial oxygen consumption and proton leak kinetics in broilers supplemented with dietary copper or zinc following coccidiosis challenge

Mitochondrial respiration was assessed in sixteen 7-day-old broilers as a subset of a larger study assessing the effects of Cu and Zn supplementation above requirements with a coccidiosis challenge on gain/feed ratio. The birds were selected from four treatments (four birds/treatment): a control diet (Cu 15 mg/kg and Zn 60 mg/kg) + coccidiosis challenge (CC), a Cu diet with 245 mg/kg Cu from tribasic copper chloride (TBCC) + CC, a negative control diet (Cu 15 mg/kg and Zn 60 mg/kg) - CC and a Zn diet with 2000 mg/kg Zn from ZnO. The diets were composed of 49% corn, 40% soybean meal, 6.2% vegetable oil (diet dry matter = 90.62%, crude protein = 21.37%, fat = 7.7%, metabolizable energy = 12.1 MJ/day) and were fed for 14 days. Birds were dissected, and approximately one gram of liver tissue was used for mitochondrial oxygen consumption and proton leak kinetics assays. Respiratory control ratio and mitochondrial proton leak assessed by calculating rates of oxygen consumption at 175mV membrane potential were greater for the negative control group, but there were no differences in average gain/feed among treatments. In summary, broilers that did not undergo coccidiosis challenge had lower proton leak and higher respiratory control ratio. However, the impact of supplementation of Cu and Zn above requirements did not appear to prevent changes in respiratory control ratio and proton leak kinetics with coccidiosis challenge.
Early Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Using a Simple Scoring System

Abstract Abstract 4679 Since stopping heparin therapy lessens the probability of severe complications of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) such as arterial and venous thromboembolism, it is important to stop heparin as soon as the diagnosis is suspected. As HIT is a complex disorder and its diagnosis is difficult, the use of a clinical scoring system would facilitate clinical decision making. One of the foremost issues in these patients is whether to discontinue heparin (to avoid HIT complications) or not (to avoid thrombotic complications). This study was performed to develop a simple scoring system to aid in the early clinical management of suspected HIT patients with regard to decisions for continued heparin therapy. The system was designed to arrive at low (0) or possible (1) probability scores based on clinical criteria without knowledge of lab test results, except platelet counts, to avoid delays. As the safest clinical approach is to discontinue heparin, intermediate and high scores were combined. Historically, laboratory tests such as the heparin-induced platelet aggregation test (PA) and 14C-serotonin release assay (SRA) and nonfunctional tests such as the enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been used for the diagnosis of HIT. These test results are frequently available only after 12 to 36 hours which, for some patients, is a risk due to continued heparin therapy while waiting for test results. One solution to this problem is to have a clinical scoring system to guide the clinician before test results are available. This study enrolled 100 critically ill VA hospitalized patients with a >=30% fall in platelet count. Assessment of platelet aggregation (PA), 14C-SRA and GTI ELISA was also performed. In this population 53% were scored 1 and of these 43% were positive by lab testing for HIT. Emphasizing the decision to discontinue heparin, the clinical signs of HIT were paramount for the immediate determination of a diagnosis of HIT. Specifically, this study demonstrated the value of a simple clinical score to aid in the clinical management decision making to continue or discontinue heparin in patients suspected of having HIT, without dependence on a positive HIT lab test. An algorithm is provided. This scoring system does not preclude reassessment of patients in terms of continuing heparin if subsequent laboratory tests and/or thrombosis become positive. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Fabrication of Thin Metal-Organic Framework MOF Films on Metal-Ion-crosslinked GO-modified Supports

Thin films of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promising for applications such as gas separation, gas storage, optoelectronics or sensing. However, synthesis of polycrystalline MOF films and membranes depends largely on the surface properties of supports, limiting the availability of common supports. It is, therefore, highly desirable to develop ways to modify the surface properties of common supports for the preferred heterogeneous nucleation of the MOFs. Here, we demonstrated that graphene-oxide (GO) can be exploited to readily modify the surface properties of common supports, thereby leading to well inter-grown polycrystalline MOF films. A prototypical zeolitic-imidazolate framework ZIF-8 was chosen as a model MOF system. The stabilization of GO layers with divalent metal ions was found a key step to synthesize well inter-grown ZIF-8 films. The effect of divalent metal ions on the stability of GO layers and the quality of the resulting ZIF-8 films were systematically investigated. Finally, the single gas permeation behaviors of the ZIF-8 films grown on GO-modified supports were tested.
Nature of the Infrared Transition of Colloidal Indium Nitride Nanocrystals: Nonparabolicity Effects on the Plasmonic Behavior of Doped Semiconductor Nanomaterials

As-synthesized colloidal indium nitride (InN) nanocrystals are degenerately doped with carrier densities large enough to lead to strong localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) in the infrared. Intriguingly, the LSPR energy is almost independent of carrier density, which premises that simple classical models that are often used to describe metallic systems inadequately describe the plasmonic response of InN nanoparticles. Here, an oxidative titration approach is used to directly quantify carrier densities in colloidal InN nanocrystals, eliminating the need to rely on any specific model. A size-independent carrier density value of (7.4 ± 0.4) × 1020 cm–3 is obtained for diameters varying between 4 and 9 nm, corresponding to about 30 to 300 electrons per nanocrystal, depending on size. Upon oxidation with nitrosonium salts, the carrier density in InN nanocrystals can be reduced to (3.9 ± 0.3) × 1020 cm–3, also independent of size. The unusual plasmonic signatures of colloidal InN nanocrystals are shown t...
Non-Translation, Code-Switching, and the Reader-as-Translator

La traduccion posee una relacion inherente con el conflicto y esta ineludiblemente involucrada en las relaciones de poder. Este ensayo se centra en los textos literarios que implican el cambio de codigo y la no traduccion como locos potenciales para tales enfrentamientos. El punto fundamental del argumento gira en torno a como autores como Helena Maria Viramontes, Cormac McCarthy y Junot Diaz utilizan el espanol sin traducir, sin marcar para crear situaciones en las que el lector asume el papel de traductor. ?Como enfrentan los lectores estos momentos criticos en su papel de traductor? Las situaciones extraidas de narrativas de cambio de codigo proporcionan la base textual para reflexiones sobre la experiencia de lectura reconstruida de un lector ingles tipico, principalmente monolingue, cuando se enfrentan con material espanol incrustado dentro de un texto de matriz ingles. Combinando elementos de estudios de traduccion, estudios bilingues y teoria narrativa, la experiencia normativa de la lectura se contrasta con la multitud de experiencias potenciales que los textos literarios de conmutacion de codigo pueden desencadenar en lectores monolingues y bilingues
Supports for Postsecondary Education

In the past few years, the rate of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attending postsecondary education programs has increased. This chapter reviews trends in supports for students with ASD and model programs that have been developed.
Editorial Commentary: Can We Do Better While Spending Less: How Many Shoulder Rotator Cuff Anchors Are Enough?

Abstract We have published that shoulder rotator cuff tear is a highly cost-effective procedure, and to continue to improve value, a goal is to contain cost while maintaining or improving outcome. To bend the cost curve, reduction in direct costs (number of suture anchors used) could be a goal, and because rotator cuff repair failures are as much biologic as they are mechanical, the effect of adding anchors to improve outcomes has an obvious limit.
Collaborative Governance in the Administrative State

This paper argues that the discretion-constraining impulses of most regulatory reinvention efforts fail to respond to the most serious weaknesses of rulemaking, implementation and enforcement. This is partly because reformers are encumbered by the theory and practice of interest representation and partly because administrative law lacks an alternative model of administrative decision making. The paper's purposes are threefold: (1) to offer a normative vision of collaborative governance against which to evaluate proposals for reform. Collaboration requires problem-solving, provisional solutions, broad participation, public-private sharing of responsibility and a flexible, engaged agency. (2) to illustrate how some innovative administrative processes, such as regulatory negotiation and negotiated permitting, embody elements of the collaborative model and to explain why, despite their promise, they fall short of the collaborative ideal. As examples, the paper relies on four case studies, two each of regulatory negotiation and EPA's Project XL. (3) to argue that the pursuit of collaboration requires a willingness to experiment with non-traditional source of accountability in order to address the problem of legitimacy.
Suggestions for Further Work

The study of Fourier series has a long and distinguished history in mathematics. Historically, Fourier series were introduced in order to solve the heat equation, and since then these series were frequently used in various applied problems. Much of modern real analysis including Lebesgue’s fundamental theory of integration had its origin in some deep convergence questions in Fourier series. In this book a basic analog of only relatively small part of an extensive theory of the Fourier series has been covered. The author truly believes that the most of the emerging theory of the q-Fourier series and practically all of their applications still remain “Terra Incognita” at the present stage of the investigation. The subject is rapidly changing and it is reasonable to expect that many more interesting results will be discovered in the future. In conclusion, I would like to outline several directions for further work.
SSNAP: The Solenoid Spectrometer for Nuclear AstroPhysics

Abstract Helical spectrometers, such as the HELIOS device at Argonne National Laboratory, have proven to be a powerful tool for the study of nuclear spectroscopy (Lighthall, 2010). However, due to the expense in procuring a large bohr solenoid, relatively few of these devices exist. However, at the University of Notre Dame, TwinSol , is composed of two such magnets. The availability of intense light-ion beams from the Notre Dame Nuclear Science Laboratory (NSL) in combination with a large-bore superconducting solenoids provides an excellent opportunity to develop a new solenoid spectrometer at the University of Notre Dame, one optimized for measurements in normal kinematics.
Scar burden is an independent and incremental predictor of cardiac resynchronisation therapy response

Objective Determine the prognostic impact of scar quantification (scar %) by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in predicting heart failure admission, death and left ventricular (LV) function improvement following cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT), after controlling for the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB), QRS duration (QRSd) and LV lead tip location and polarity. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent CMR between 2002 and 2014 followed by CRT were included. The primary endpoint was death or heart failure admission. The secondary endpoint was change in ejection fraction (EF) ≥3 months after CRT. Cox proportional hazards, linear regression models and change in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used. Results A total of 84 patients were included (63% male, 51% with ischaemic cardiomyopathy). After adjusting for clinical factors, presence of LBBB and QRSd and LV lead tip location and polarity, greater scar % remained associated with a higher risk for clinical events (HR=1.06; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10; p Conclusion Scar quantification by CMR has an incremental value in predicting response to CRT, in terms of heart failure admission, death and EF improvement, independent of the presence of LBBB, QRSd, LV lead tip location and polarity.
Detecting, locating, and characterizing voids in disaster rubble for search and rescue

Abstract After natural and man-made disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and explosions, victims may survive in voids that are formed naturally in collapsed structures. First responders need to identify and locate these critical voids for rapid search and rescue operations. Due to the complex and unstructured occlusions in disaster areas, visual and manual search is time-consuming and error-prone. In this study, we proposed a novel method to automatically detect, locate, and characterize voids buried in disaster rubble using ground penetrating radar (GPR). After preprocessing the collected radargrams, the boundaries of potential voids are segmented based on radar signal patterns, and the 95% confidence intervals are constructed around the segmented boundaries to account for uncertainties. To improve the detection accuracy, the geometric relations of the detected boundaries and their signal characteristics are examined to confirm the void existence. Then, the void location and dimension are estimated based on calibrated velocity of radar wave and its travel time. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method were manifested by its performance in laboratory and field experiments. The contribution of this study is twofold. First, the feasibility of using GPR to detect, locate, and characterize voids in collapsed structures is experimentally tested, innovatively extending the application of GPR to search and rescue operations. Second, algorithms are developed to process non-intuitive radargrams to provide first responders actionable information.
Charitable Giving in the Public Workplace: A Framework for Understanding Employees' Philanthropic Performance

This study addresses formal workplace giving campaigns, a less-researched area of philanthropic studies that is increasingly important to the nonprofit sector and a fixture in local, state, and federal governments. Using data from an electronic survey administered to state employees at a large public university and mixed methods for preliminary analysis, a three-part analytical framework is proposed to better explain workplace giving, looking in particular at how philanthropic crowding, organizational identification, and conceptions of community influence employee donative behavior. No evidence is found that workplace giving crowds out private giving, and a possible reinforcement effect is detected in that those who give in the workplace also tend to give outside the workplace. Organizational identification and conceptions of community are also found to influence workplace donative behavior.
CHAPTER 7 – OTHER MATERIAL

Publisher Summary Apart from statistical tables, there are other accoutrements to the well-tempered concordance. Paramount amongst these is the editor's “Introduction” to which, often too little attention is given, both by the editor when he writes it and user of the concordance before he uses it. The editor must acknowledge his responsibility to describe and explain the organization and arrangement of the concordance and the limitations, which may have been forced upon him by various local and wider circumstances. The editor must outline his position and procedures on all of the substantial topics. Then, there are various auxiliary tables, which might be provided to complement the main arrangement. Apart from statistical tables, some editors include a table of the HWs sorted in reverse order, that is, from the end of the word through to its beginning, which is useful for the study of some inflections and morphemes.
Examining the Temporal Limits of Enhanced Visual Feature Detection in Children With Autism.

The enhanced perceptual processing of visual features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is supported by an abundance of evidence in the spatial domain, with less robust evidence regarding whether this extends to information presented across time. The current study aimed to replicate and extend previous work finding that children with an ASD demonstrated enhanced perceptual accuracy in detecting feature-based (but not categorically defined) targets in time, when these were presented quickly, at a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 50 ms per item. Specifically, we extend the range of SOAs to examine the temporal boundaries of this enhanced accuracy and examine whether there is a relationship between ASD-related traits and detection accuracy on temporal visual search tasks. Individuals with autism perceived feature-based targets with statistically higher accuracy than their typically developing peers between SOAs of 39 and 65 ms and were numerically faster at all SOAs. No group differences were noted for category-based task accuracy. Our results also demonstrated that ASD-related traits measured by the autism spectrum quotient were positively correlated with accuracy on the feature-based task. Overall, results suggest that accurate visual perception of features (particularly color) is enhanced in children with ASD across time. LAY SUMMARY: Our results suggest that children with autism are able to process visual features, such as color, more accurately than typically developing children, even when these are presented very rapidly. Accuracy was higher in children with higher levels of autism-related traits and symptoms. Our findings suggest that more accurate visual perception exists not only across space in children with autism, as much of the existing literature demonstrates, but also over time. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1561-1572. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spirituality in a Civil Religion: The Chinese Notions of Harmony

The cosmogony of a recently unearthed Daoist text that dates back to fourth-century BC is analyzed to reveal the spiritual dimensions of harmony so far neglected. In contrast to the Darwinian doctrine that old and less adaptive species—and by extension cultures—die to make room for new and more adaptive ones, the Daoist creation myth suggests that new forms of life do not replace the old ones, but instead include the latter in their co-creation process. Otherwise put, cultural evolution could be a matter of transformation of the old in co-creation with the new instead of extinction and replacement. Potential contributions of this vision of harmony to world peace will be discussed.
Is Pornography Consumption Related to Risky Behaviors During Friends With Benefits Relationships

Abstract Background Friends with benefits encounters are a relatively new pattern of relating among emerging adults where risky sexual behavior may occur. Aim To understand whether pornography consumption is associated with riskier behaviors during friends with benefits encounters. Methods Cross-sectional study of 2 samples of emerging adults who have engaged in friends with benefits relationships (study 1, N = 411; study 2, N = 394). For binary outcomes, we used logistic regression and report odds ratios. For ordinal outcomes, we used ordered logistic regression and reported odds ratios. We tested for moderation by biological sex. Results Men who consumed pornography more frequently were more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors during their friends with benefits encounters. More frequent pornography consumption was associated with increased likelihood and amount of intoxication for both the respondent and his partner, less frequent condom use, and a higher probability of having penetrative friends with benefits encounters while intoxicated and not using a condom. For each of these outcomes, our parameter estimates from study 2 fell within the 95% confidence intervals from study 1. These associations persisted when controlling for the effects of binge drinking frequency, broader patterns of problematic alcohol use, trait self-control, openness to experience, and permissive attitudes toward casual sex. The findings of this study may inform interventions to reduce risky behaviors among emerging adults. Limitations Our cross-sectional studies examined only emerging adults in college with measurement that was exclusively self-reported. Conclusions These results are discussed in terms of sexual script theory, and several implications for intervention are outlined. Henderson E, Aaron S, Blackhurst Z, et al. Is Pornography Consumption Related to Risky Behaviors During Friends with Benefits Relationships?. J Sex Med 2020;17:2446–2455.
Credible learning of hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone effects on COVID-19 mortality outside of randomized trials

Author(s): Hazlett, Chad; Wulf, David Ami; Pasaniuc, Bogdan; Arah, Onyebuchi; Erlandson, Kristine; Montague, Brian | Abstract: Objectives To investigate the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mortality using patient data outside of randomized trials. Design Phenotypes derived from electronic health records were analyzed using the stability-controlled quasi-experiment (SCQE) to provide a range of possible causal effects of hydroxy-chloroquine and dexamethasone on COVID-19 mortality. Setting and participants Data from 2,007 COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized at a large university hospital system over the course of 200 days and not enrolled in randomized trials were analyzed using SCQE. For hyrdoxychloroquine, we examine a high-use cohort (n=766, days 1 to 43) and a later, low-use cohort (n=548, days 44 to 82). For dexamethasone, we examine a low-use cohort (n=614, days 44 to 101) and high-use cohort (n=622, days 102 to 200). Outcome measure 14-day mortality, with a secondary outcome of 28-day mortality. Results Hydroxycholoroquine could only have been significantly (pl0.05) beneficial if baseline mortality was at least 6.4 percentage points (55%) lower among patients in the later (low-use) than the earlier (high-use) cohort. Hydroxychloroquine instead proves significantly harmful if baseline mortality rose from one cohort to the next by just 0.3 percentage points. Dexamethasone significantly reduced mortality risk if baseline mortality in the later (high-use) cohort (days 102-200) was higher than, the same as, or up to 1.5 percentage points lower than that in the earlier (low-use) cohort (days 44-101). It could only prove significantly harmful if mortality improved from one cohort to the next by 6.8 percentage points due to other causes—an assumption implying an unlikely 84% reduction in mortality due to other causes, leaving an in-hospital mortality rate of just 1.3%. Conclusions The assumptions required for a beneficial effect of hydroxychloroquine on 14 day mortality are difficult to sustain, while the assumptions required for hydroxychloroquine to be harmful are difficult to reject with confidence. Dexamethasone, by contrast, was beneficial under a wide range of plausible assumptions, and was only harmful if a nearly impossible assumption is met. More broadly, the SCQE reveals what inferences can be credibly supported by evidence from non-randomized uses of experimental therapies, making it a useful tool when randomized trials have not yet produced clear evidence or to provide corroborative evidence from different populations.
Multi-step multi-sensor hider-seeker games

We study a multi-step hider-seeker game where the hider is moving on a graph and, in each step, the seeker is able to search c subsets of the graph nodes. We model this game as a zero-sum Bayesian game, which can be solved in weakly polynomial time in the players' action spaces. The seeker's action space is exponential in c, and both players' action spaces are exponential in the game horizon. To manage this intractability, we use a column/constraint generation approach for both players. This approach requires an oracle to determine best responses for each player. However, we show that computing a best response for the seeker is NP-hard, even for a single-step game when c is part of the input, and that computing a best response is NP-hard for both players for the multi-step game, even if c = 1. An integer programming formulation of the best response for the hider is practical for moderate horizons, but computing an exact seeker best response is impractical due to the exponential dependence on both c and the horizon. We therefore develop an approximate best response oracle with bounded suboptimality for the seeker. We prove performance bounds on the strategy that results when column/constraint generation with approximate best responses converges, and we measure the performance of our algorithm in simulations. In our experimental results, column/constraint generation converges to near-minimax strategies for both players fairly quickly.
Chronic morphine in the context of HIV infection, induce gut microbiome dysbiosis and lead to persistent GALT inflammation. (MUC4P.843)

Clinical observations show a strong correlation between microbial translocation and HIV disease progression. Chronic morphine, on its own, is known to induce bacterial translocation, impair immune activation and pathogenic clearance during infection and results in long-term persistent inflammation in the affected organs. Lack of response to therapy, and non-AIDS related comorbidities have been linked to immune activation as a consequence of microbial translocation. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining gut homeostasis and barrier integrity. Loss of microbes, which are part of the normal flora in healthy hosts, increase the susceptibility to a more virulent composition, that can contribute to barrier disruption and microbial translocation. In this study, we show that morphine induces bacterial translocation across gut mucosa, which is exacerbated with HIV infection. We also show HIV and morphine mediated gut microbiome changes and its influence on the immune system leading to persistent inflammation. Finally, we show that these co-morbidities preferentially favor class firmicutes over others and also increase adherence and alter virulence factors to tweak the host immune system to bring about the said effects.
Shannon Sampling and Parseval Frames on Compact Manifolds

Our article is a summary of some results for Riemannian manifolds that were obtained in \cite{gpes}-\cite{Pesssubm}. To the best of our knowledge these are the pioneering papers which contain the most general results about frames, Shannon sampling, and cubature formulas on compact and non-compact Riemannian manifolds. In particular, the paper \cite{gpes} gives an "end point" construction of tight localized frames on homogeneous compact manifolds. The paper \cite{Pessubm} is the first systematic development of localized frames on compact domains in Euclidean spaces.