cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a Siloxane Acrylic Functional Siloxane Colloid for UV‐Curable Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Films

Summary: A new siloxane colloid was developed, for the use in UV-curable inorganic-organic hybrid films. The UV-crosslinkable silica-colloids were prepared from vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) via a sol-gel method. The structure of silica-colloids was characterized using 1H NMR, 29Si NMR, FT-IR, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The particle size of the siloxane colloid was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small angle light scattering (SALS). Organic phase was based on an acrylated polyester which was synthesized using 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol (1,4-CHDM), neopentyl glycol (NPG), 1,6-hexanediol (1,6-HD), maleic anhydride (MA), adipic acid (ADA), and acrylic acid (AA). The acrylated polyester was characterized by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) and acid titration. A photo-initiator was added to the formulation and the UV-crosslinking reaction of hybrid film was monitored via photo-differential scanning calorimetry (Photo-DSC) and real-time infrared spectroscopy (RT-IR). The effect of the concentration of VTMS colloids, UV-light intensity, and exposure time on the polymerization rate was investigated and compared with an inorganic-organic hybrid film based on TEOS oligomers. Photo-DSC and RT-IR results indicated that VTMS colloids can greatly increase free radical polymerization rate and the VTMS colloids functioned effectively as cross-linker and reactive diluent. AFM and small angle light scattering (SALS) data showed that the silica-colloids were well dispersed in the organic phase.
Action relations in rationale clauses and means clauses

Communication among agents collaborating on a task often involves complex utterances about multiple action. In this paper, we analyze two particular multiaction constructions, utterances with means clauses and utterances with rationale clauses. We present the distinctive features of these constructions, describe their logical form, and define interpretation rules for deriving their meaning in terms of the generation, enablement and Contributes relations between actions which have been motivated independently by research in plan recognition. We also demonstrate that these rules yield the appropriate properties of rationale clauses and means clauses and show how these constructions can be distinguished algorithmically.
Characteristics of the Diametral Resonant Response of a Shrouded Fan Under a Prescribed Distortion

Caracteristiques de la reponse a la resonance le long d'un diametre d'une soufflante munie d'une enveloppe dans des conditions donnees de distorsion de l'ecoulement
Immunolocalization of hyalin in sea urchin eggs and embryos using an antihyalin-specific monoclonal antibody.

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against purified cortical secretory vesicles (CVs) from the eggs of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. One of the monoclonal antibodies (MAb 69-10, an IgA) was shown by immunofluorescence labeling of intact and detergent-lysed CVs to be directed against a CV content antigen. Immunoblot analysis of CVs revealed that MAb 69-10 bound to a major CV polypeptide with an Mr similar to that of hyalin (i.e., 300,000). MAb 69-10 was subsequently shown to bind to purified hyalin prepared from S. purpuratus and to cross react with hyalin prepared from Lytechinus pictus. Immunogold labeling on thin sections of unfertilized S. purpuratus eggs showed that hyalin was localized to the electron-lucent portion of CVs. This result is in agreement with the labeling pattern obtained by Hylander and Summers (Dev Biol 93:368-380, 1982) using polyclonal antihyalin antibodies. In fertilized eggs and later-stage embryos, hyalin was observed to be located on the external surface of the embryo. MAb 69-10 should be useful in studies of the structure of hyalin and its function in morphogenesis.
Validation of a sales representative selection inventory

The finesse with which a sales person handles customers and clients is critical to success on the job. Because interpersonal behavior is a nontechnical, noncognitive element of job performance, we used items from theHogan Personality Inventory (HPI) to develop a new Sales Potential Inventory (SPI) for use as a selection procedure. The HPI is a well-researched measure of normal personality which was developed specifically to evaluate real-world interpersonal competencies. The SPI was developed as part of a concurrent, criterion-related selection study for the position of Sales Representative in Preston Trucking Company, a large freight transportation company with 82 terminals concentrated in the nation's Middle Atlantic and Northeast Regions. A thorough job analysis revealed that activities concerned with customer requests and complaints, calling on existing and potential clients, and other face-to-face client interactions were both the most crucial and time-consuming for sales representatives. Additionally, incumbents (N=127) endorsed the adjective descriptors “friendly,” “confident,” “dependable,” “competitive,” “good memory,” and “energetic” as being characteristic of the “ideal” sales representative. Homogenous Item Composites (HICs) from the HPI scales were combined to produce a measure (the SPI) that would assess the personality dimensions shown to be important to success in the sales representative job. Correlations between scores on the SPI and various criteria ranged from .19 (p<.05) to .53 (p<.01) for the total sample. These results are consistent with other research findings that measures of normal personality can successfully be used to predict job performance.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in HIV infection: Principles and clinical applications

Wasting is a common manifestation of AIDS that diminishes quality of life and is predictive of death. Body composition changes can occur in asymptomatic HIV infection, suggesting that early detection and treatment could potentially prevent the downward spiral to serious wasting. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method for estimating body composition that is gaining widespread use among HIV-infected populations. In this article, the principles underlying BIA and its appropriate applications and limitations in HIV/AIDS are described.
The identification of style in lithic artefacts

Abstract This paper is concerned with the identification of assemblages made by the same, or socially related, groups. It is believed that variability which can be shown, rather than assumed, to have been determined principally by stylistic factors provides the most reliable means of identifying social groups. A number of attributes of backed bladelets are selected, and various hypotheses proposed which might explain their variability. Tests are then performed to disprove one or more of the hypotheses, and the results suggest that the principal determinant of the variability in question was stylistic or traditional factors. The assemblages are then grouped in terms of these ‘stylistic’ attributes and the resultant pattern ‐ interpreted as reflecting the social relationships of the groups who manufactured them ‐ is compared with the conventional taxonomy. The primary concern of the paper is not, however, to reconstruct a ‘culture history’ but to develop a method by which social groupings might be recognize...
Lipid phase separations and protein distribution in membranes.

Lateral phase separations in lipid and lipid-protein systems are discussed with the aid of phase diagrams derived from spin-label measurements. Freeze-fracture data from E. coli membranes and model lipid–protein bilayers indicate that the protein tends to associate with fluid lipid phases.
ELECTIONS AND THE THEORY OF CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS: A SURVEY AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS*

The formal theory of campaign contributions in elections has expanded in the past decade. The basic assumptions and results of these models are examined and analyzed. The assumptions of the models are often inappropriate for the political actors considered and the results are sometimes not empirically supported. We suggest ways in which these models may be altered to alleviate some of these problems.
Question Order Effects on Subjective Measures of Quality of Life1

The effects of question order on respondents' ratings of general and specific aspects of community life were assessed using data from separate mail surveys in Montana and Pennsylvania, The samples differed in locale, composition, and size and the relevant questions varied in number, format, and specific focus. Nevertheless, for both data sets the general question was more likely to be answered and more likely to receive positive responses when it was asked after—rather than before—the specific questions. There was some indication that carryover from the specific items to the general question responses were somewhat greater for those questions asked most recently and less for those asked earlier. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Renewing People and Places: Institutional Investment Policies That Enhance Social Capital and Improve the Built Environment of Distressed Communities

The challenges confronting distressed communities in the United States are complex and multifaceted. Communities large and small have been significantly affected by a myriad of social, environmenta...
Bayesian approach to the design and analysis of non-inferiority trials for anti-infective products.

In the absence of placebo-controlled trials, determining the non-inferiority (NI) margin for comparing an experimental treatment with an active comparator is based on carefully selected well-controlled historical clinical trials. With this approach, information on the effect of the active comparator from other sources including observational studies and early phase trials is usually ignored because of the need to maintain active comparator effect across trials. This may lead to conservative estimates of the margin that translate into larger sample-size requirements for the design and subsequent frequentist analysis, longer trial durations, and higher drug development costs. In this article, we provide methodological approaches to determine NI margins that can utilize all relevant historical data through a novel power adjusted Bayesian meta-analysis, with Dirichlet process priors, that puts ordered weights on the amount of information a set of data contributes. We also provide a Bayesian decision rule for the non-inferiority analysis that is based on a broader use of available prior information and a sample-size determination that is based on this Bayesian decision rule. Finally, the methodology is illustrated through several examples. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Native-2-native: automated cross-platform code synthesis from web-based programming resources

For maximal market penetration, popular mobile applications are typically supported on all major platforms, including Android and iOS. Despite the vast differences in the look-and-feel of major mobile platforms, applications running on these platforms in essence provide the same core functionality. As an application is maintained and evolved, the resulting changes must be replicated on all the supported platforms, a tedious and error-prone programming process. Existing automated source-to-source translation tools prove inadequate due to the structural and idiomatic differences in how functionalities are expressed across major platforms. In this paper, we present a new approach---Native-2-Native---that automatically synthesizes code for a mobile application to make use of native resources on one platform, based on the equivalent program transformations performed on another platform. First, the programmer modifies a mobile application's Android version to make use of some native resource, with a plugin capturing code changes. Based on the changes, the system then parameterizes a web search query over popular programming resources (e.g., Google Code, StackOverflow, etc.), to discover equivalent iOS code blocks with the closest similarity to the programmer-written Android code. The discovered iOS code block is then presented to the programmer as an automatically synthesized Swift source file to further fine-tune and subsequently integrate in the mobile application's iOS version. Our evaluation, enhancing mobile applications to make use of common native resources, shows that the presented approach can correctly synthesize more than 86% of Swift code for the subject applications' iOS versions.
Projective extensions of Kirkman systems as substructures of projective planes

Let II be a projective plane of order 15 which contains the projective extension of a Kirkman system Σ with 15 points, and suppose that II has a collineation σ of order 7 which leaves invariant the point set of Σ. It is proved that 〈σ〉 is the full collineation group of II.
The utility of distributed air volume sets when sampling ambient air using solid adsorbents

Abstract Use of solid adsorbents for air sampling always raises questions of adequate retention, blank corrections and artifact formation. Universally valid answers to these questions are unavailable. Collection of a small set of data by sampling over a large range of air volume can provide situation-specific indications of data quality not possible with the more usual tandem bed approach. Further, it does so in a direct simple way that is especially useful in monitoring applications. The distributed air volume sampling approach is illustrated using Tenax as the adsorbent.
Fracture in epoxy matrix resins

Abstract The occurrence of fracture-energy-enhancing steps and welts on fracture surfaces of crosslinked matrix resins has been studied in an epoxy obtained from a trifunctional epoxy resin cured with an anhydride. It is suggested that the steps and welts arise from an underlying basic longitudinal texture, which was revealed by strongly tilting fracture specimens toward the collector in a scanning electron microscope. A model for the development of the basic longitudinal texture is proposed involving a meniscus instability of the propagating crack front, which gives rise to a series of fingers protruding into the bulk resin ahead of the nominal crack front. The periodicity of the basic longitudinal texture seen in the epoxy specimens studied was roughly 350 nm, which was independent of the epoxy resin: hardener ratio within at least 10% of stoichiometry. Because the periodicity of the basic longitudinal texture is roughly equal to the separation of the fracture surfaces immediately behind the crack, a considerable blunting of the crack by plastic deformation or yielding is suggested, a property that should depend on the matrix resin.
Preleukaemic Syndrome in Germfree AKR Mice

Some mice of the AKR strain reared under germfree conditions become thin and “hunched up”, with rough wet fur, depilation around the anus, shrunken thymus and enlarged lymph nodes. The histological appearance of the thymus and lymphoid tissue is similar to that in the early stages of mouse leukaemia
Some new dinuclear rhodium compounds: preparations and structures

Abstract The following seven dinuclear rhodium compounds have been prepared, characterized spectroscopically and their crystal and molecular structures determined: 1,5,6-Rh2Cl6(PEt3)3 (1), 1,3,6,8-Rh2Cl6(PEt3)4 (2), 1,5,6-Rh2Cl6(PPrn3)3 (3), 1,5,6-Rh2Br6(PEt3)3 (4), 1,5,6-Rh2Br6(PPrn3)3 (5), 1,5,6-Rh2Br6(PBun3)3 (6), 1,3,6,8-Rh2Br6(PBun3)4 (7). In each case there are marked structural trans effects such that RhXbr bonds trans to PR3 ligands are 0.12–0.17 A (av. 0.15 A) longer than those trans to an RhX bond. The fact that for the face-sharing bioctahedral (FSBO) molecules only one of the two possible isomers was formed and for the edge-sharing bioctahedral (ESBO) molecules only one of the nine possible isomers was formed is discussed and some principles that largely account for these observations are invoked. These principles are (i) that no μ-X ligand will have both of its RhX bonds trans to PR3 and (ii) that in ESBO species phosphine ligands on two adjacent axial positions are sterically disfavored.
Ridgelets: a key to higher-dimensional intermittency?

In dimensions two and higher, wavelets can efficiently represent only a small range of the full diversity of interesting behaviour. In effect, wavelets are well adapted for pointlike phenomena, whe...
Stream tube and velocity profile analysis of pulmonary arterial angiograms

The distribution of blood transit times within the pulmonary arterial tree has important implications with regards to overall lung function. Previously, we showed that the pulmonary arterial tree imparts little dispersion to an injected bolus, so that the bolus arrives at downstream arteries with a time delay, but little increase in variance. Furthermore, the arterial time delay is nearly the same for all pathways to arteries of the same diameter, independent of their pathway length. This small amount of dispersion was observed despite the velocity profile within the arterial tree and the substantial variation in arterial pathway lengths. Thus, we have begun to ask why velocity profile effects and pathway length heterogeneity within the pulmonary arterial tree have so little influence on bolus dispersion. X-ray angiography studies were used to visualize streamtube pathways within the pulmonary arterial tree. Full bolus injections were used to visualize all flow streamlines within the tree, while 'streamtube' injections labeled only about 1% of the inlet arterial cross-section. By changing the injector position within the arterial cross-section, different streamtubes were traced and found to remain intact downstream to vessels less than 200 micrometer in diameter. Thus, it appears that lower velocity streamtubes tend to peel off from the full velocity profile at arterial bifurcations, while flow streamtubes with higher average velocity travel down the main arterial trunk. The net result is that dispersive velocity profile effects are mitigated by the interaction between the distributed velocity profile and the branching pattern of the pulmonary arterial tree.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optimization of spine surgery planning with 3D image templating tools

The current standard of care for patients with spinal disorders involves a thorough clinical history, physical exam, and imaging studies. Simple radiographs provide a valuable assessment but prove inadequate for surgery planning because of the complex 3-dimensional anatomy of the spinal column and the close proximity of the neural elements, large blood vessels, and viscera. Currently, clinicians still use primitive techniques such as paper cutouts, pencils, and markers in an attempt to analyze and plan surgical procedures. 3D imaging studies are routinely ordered prior to spine surgeries but are currently limited to generating simple, linear and angular measurements from 2D views orthogonal to the central axis of the patient. Complex spinal corrections require more accurate and precise calculation of 3D parameters such as oblique lengths, angles, levers, and pivot points within individual vertebra. We have developed a clinician friendly spine surgery planning tool which incorporates rapid oblique reformatting of each individual vertebra, followed by interactive templating for 3D placement of implants. The template placement is guided by the simultaneous representation of multiple 2D section views from reformatted orthogonal views and a 3D rendering of individual or multiple vertebrae enabling superimposition of virtual implants. These tools run efficiently on desktop PCs typically found in clinician offices or workrooms. A preliminary study conducted with Mayo Clinic spine surgeons using several actual cases suggests significantly improved accuracy of pre-operative measurements and implant localization, which is expected to increase spinal procedure efficiency and safety, and reduce time and cost of the operation.
Lessons From Failure of the Flood Protection System for the Greater New Orleans Area During Hurricane Katrina

This paper summarizes the key lessons that have been learned from the failure of the flood defense system for the greater New Orleans area during hurricane Katrina. This was a manmade disaster whose roots were firmly embedded in failure of the Technology Delivery System that had been charged with providing adequate flood protection for the public. Two basic approaches for going forward are explored. Recommendations for improvements in engineering criteria and guidelines and in the Technology Delivery System charged with providing acceptable flood protection are advanced.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Discrete-ordinates finite-element method for atmospheric radiative transfer and remote sensing

Advantages and disadvantages of modern discrete-ordinates finite-element methods for the solution of radiative transfer problems in meteorology, climatology, and remote sensing applications are evaluated. After the common basis of the formulation of radiative transfer problems in the fields of neutron transport and atmospheric optics is established, the essential features of the discrete-ordinates finite-element method are described including the limitations of the method and their remedies. Numerical results are presented for 1-D and 2-D atmospheric radiative transfer problems where integral as well as angular dependent quantities are compared with published results from other calculations and with measured data. These comparisons provide a verification of the discrete-ordinates results for a wide spectrum of cases with varying degrees of absorption, scattering, and anisotropic phase functions. Accuracy and computational speed are also discussed. Since practically all discrete-ordinates codes offer a builtin adjoint capability, the general concept of the adjoint method is described and illustrated by sample problems. Our general conclusion is that the strengths of the discrete-ordinates finite-element method outweight its weaknesses. We demonstrate that existing general-purpose discrete-ordinates codes can provide a powerful tool to analyze radiative transfer problems through the atmosphere, especially when 2-D geometries must be considered.
Priming of Association Test Responses

32 subjects participated in a contextual priming experiment which used a between-subjects design. The experiment tested the hypothesis that priming subjects with certain verbal pre-tasks would affect responses on a subsequent word-association test. The control group was given the stimulus list for word associations without the previous priming task. The hypothesis suggesting that the responses of the primed group would be different from those of the unprimed group was supported.
Acts, dispositions, and clinical assessment: The psychopathology of everyday conduct

Manifestations of psychopathology typically are noted first in the context of a person’s everyday life. The inability to work or play, displays of unusual behavior or ideation, expressions of subjective distress, and behaviors injurious to self or others initially come to the attention of family, friends, co-workers, and other members of society. Only subsequently do persons encounter mental health professionals and receive psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. In contrast to the wide-ranging manifestations of psychopathology in everyday life, the typical settings for forming diagnostic judgments, such as the interview room or the psychiatric ward, provide more restricted contexts that limit the range of behaviors likely to be displayed and observed. An important goal of clinical assessment, therefore, should be to preserve the links between psychiatric diagnostic classifications and the psychopathology of everyday conduct. The act frequency approach to personality (Buss & Craik, 1980, 1981, 1983a, 1984, in press; also see Wiggins, 1981) represents a systematic analysis of dispositional constructs (e.g., dominance, quarrelsomeness) as categories of acts occurring in everyday human conduct (e.g., monopolizing the conversation, or picking a fight with the stranger at the party). This article outlines the implications of the act frequency approach for clinical assessment generally, and its application to the personality disorders classified in the DSM-III specifically (American Psychiatric Association, 1980). The first two sections describe the basic framework of the act frequency approach and its research and assessment methods. Categories of acts for the dispositions
User cognitive representations: the case for an object oriented model

Abstract This study empirically investigates the effect on user performance using object oriented cognitive structures. The results indicate improvement in the quality (measured by response time and error rate) of decisions for subjects who were monitored in an experimental setting. These findings indicate the presence of object oriented properties in user cognition. Such an inference puts the theorized mechanisms of human information processing such as, cognitive economy, and limited storage space, in proper perspective. The study discusses implications of these findings for requirements analysis, user-interface design, and training.
Cost of transferring one through five embryos per in vitro fertilization cycle from various payor perspectives.

OBJECTIVE:We sought to examine the costs of transferring one through five embryos per in vitro fertilization cycle from each of three perspectives: society, the infertile couple, and the insurer.METHODS:Data from the 2003 Assisted Reproductive Technology Report was used to create Markov decision ana
Selenium binding and distribution in goat and cow milk..

Abstract Raw milk from goats and cows (bovine) was combined with sodium selenite (.5 µCi/10 ml milk) and incubated at 39 C to allow selenium binding to milk components. After incubation intervals between .5 and 24 h, samples were separated into cream, whey, and casein fractions by centrifugation and acid precipitation. When samples were incubated up to 6 h, the aqueous whey fraction contained the highest amounts of radioactivity, the casein substantially less, and the cream contained little senenium-75. Twenty-four hours of incubation at 39 C caused the samples to curdle, resulting in a major shift of radioactivity from the aqueous phase to the acid precipitable (casein) fraction. This shift occurred in all curdled samples irrespective of time or temperature of incubation. Acidifying milk samples with lactic acid in the presence of a bacterial inhibitor also increased selenium binding by the casein fraction. Samples of whey fractions were applied to a Sephadex gel filtration column for further separation. Most of the selenium-75 was recovered in low molecular weight fractions. Radioactive selenium appeared to remain largely in the unbound ionic form when added to noncurdled goats’ or cows’ milk. Most of the selenite added to milk does not combine with proteins at normal pH but increasingly does so as pH falls below 6.0.
Critical correlations in a Z-invariant inhomogeneous ising model

Abstract We study the critical spin-spin correlation function in the Z -invariant inhomogeneous Ising model, which includes the rectangular, triangular, honeycomb, and checkerboard lattices as special cases. Using quadratic difference equations we derive various explicit representations for the correlation function, confirming and simplifying also a miraculous result of Baxter.
Using dynamic analysis to discover polynomial and array invariants

Dynamic invariant analysis identifies likely properties over variables from observed program traces. These properties can aid programmers in refactoring, documenting, and debugging tasks by making dynamic patterns visible statically. Two useful forms of invariants involve relations among polynomials over program variables and relations among array variables. Current dynamic analysis methods support such invariants in only very limited forms. We combine mathematical techniques that have not previously been applied to this problem, namely equation solving, polyhedra construction, and SMT solving, to bring new capabilities to dynamic invariant detection. Using these methods, we show how to find equalities and inequalities among nonlinear polynomials over program variables, and linear relations among array variables of multiple dimensions. Preliminary experiments on 24 mathematical algorithms and an implementation of AES encryption provide evidence that the approach is effective at finding these invariants.
Hospice Social Work: A Search for Identity

This article describes social work's contribution to hospice philosophy and practice, calls attention to the lack of a distinct social work function on hospice teams, and examines various ways to resolve the problem of social work identity in hospice care. Insights from recent peer discussions of hospice social workers tend to support Kulys and Davis's (1986) earlier findings that psychosocial care is provided regularly by hospice team members other than social workers. Options for strengthening the hospice social work role are discussed, including the development of more specific therapeutic techniques and social work leadership in conducting applied research. The importance of maintaining a value-based, critical perspective is stressed.
Recursive restartability: turning the reboot sledgehammer into a scalpel

Even after decades of software engineering research, complex computer systems still fail, primarily due to nondeterministic bugs that are typically resolved by rebooting. Conceding that Heisenbugs will remain a fact of life, we propose a systematic investigation of restarts as "high availability medicine." In this paper we show how recursive restartability (RR) - the ability of a system to gracefully tolerate restarts at multiple levels improves fault tolerance, reduces time-to-repair and enables system designers to build flexible, highly available software infrastructures. Using several examples of widely deployed software systems, we identify properties that are required of RR systems and outline an agenda for turning the recursive restartability philosophy into a practical software structuring tool. Finally, we describe infrastructural support for RR systems, along with initial ideas on how to analyze and benchmark such systems.
Inhibition of DNA synthesis in senescent-proliferating human cybrids is mediated by endogenous proteins☆

Abstract Cytoplasts were prepared from senescent human diploid fibroblasts. Brief treatments of the senescent cells with cycloheximide or puromycin prior to or after enucleation eliminated the ability of senescent cytoplasts to block initiation of DNA synthesis in senescent -young cybrids. Senescent cells treated with cycloheximide, enucleated and allowed to recover in complete medium without cycloheximide, regained the ability to block initiation of DNA synthesis in senescent-young cybrids. These results support the hypothesis that senescent cells synthesize an inhibitor of DNA synthesis which is either a protein(s) or its activity is mediated by a protein(s) found in the cytoplasm of the senescent cell.
Integrating functional and security requirements with use case decomposition

Misuse case modeling is a viable option to depict the security requirements together with functional requirements. To investigate the interplay between functional and security requirements, this paper presents an approach to decomposing use cases, misuse cases, and mitigation use cases. We identify relationships among decomposed cases for each case type (use, misuse, mitigation use) and ensure consistency among the cases as decomposition occurs by properly modeling shared and optional cases. We also assign applicable actors to the decomposed cases. Decomposition is conducted for each case type independently and then integrated with the "threatens" and "mitigates" relationships. We provide processes for the proper use of the "threatens" relationship between misuse cases and use cases and the "mitigates" relationship between mitigation use cases and misuse cases at different levels of abstraction. Thus, a complete set of security-centric requirements can be specified from the project outset to guide subsequent software development phases.
PREFERENCES WHICH HAVE OPEN GRAPHS

Gale and Mas-Collel and Shafer and Sonnenschein introduced powerful new theorems on the existence of competitive equilibrium which used the assumption that the graph of the strict preference relation P is an open set. We show when this condition is satisfied and when it is not.
Sodium regulates Escherichia coli acid resistance, and influences GadX- and GadW-dependent activation of gadE.

Enteric bacteria must survive the extreme acid of the stomach (pH 2 or less) before entering the intestine where they can colonize and cause disease. Escherichia coli is superior to most other Enterobacteriaceae in surviving pH 2 acid stress because it has four known acid-resistance systems, the most studied of which depends on glutamic acid. Glutamate-dependent acid resistance requires glutamate decarboxylase isozymes GadA and GadB, as well as a glutamate/γ-aminobutyric acid antiporter encoded by gadC. The regulatory protein GadE is the essential activator of the gadA and gadBC genes. The transcription of gadE, however, is controlled by numerous proteins. Two of these proteins, GadX and GadW, are AraC-family regulators whose sensory input signals are not known. Since Na+ and K+ play important roles in pH homeostasis, the contribution of these ions toward the regulation of this acid-resistance system was examined. The results indicated that a decrease in Na+, but not K+, concentration coincided with diminished acid resistance, and decreased expression of the gadE, gadA and gadBC genes. However, Na+-dependent regulation of these genes dissipated in the absence of GadX and GadW. Since Na+ levels did not regulate gadX or gadW transcription, it is proposed that GadX and GadW sense intracellular Na+ concentration or some consequence of altered Na+ levels.
Solid Solutions in the Keatite Crystal Lattice

The crystallization and stability of keatite solid solutions (ss) of base composition Li2O·Al2O3·nSiO2 with substitutions of Mg for Li and of B or Ga for Al were studied. Keatite ss with ≥40 mol% Li2O replaced by MgO and n=3.7 to 5.7 were crystallized. The stability of the phase decreased with increasing MgO and/or SiO2. An increased degree of imbalance of anion charge, created by the replacement, limited the composition range and stability of this phase. The metastable solid solutions of this composition exsolved cordierite at the higher temperatures. Stable keatite ss with 25 mol% Al2O3 replaced by B2O3 and n=3 to 5 were also crystallized. When n=3, the lattice accommodated more Li+ ions than it could without the replacement. Gallium sesquioxide could substitute exclusively for Al2O3 in a stable keatite lattice only for n>4. With n=4, ≥50 mol% Al2O3 could be replaced by Ga2O3. Glasses with high concentrations of Ga tended to crystallize, in association with predominant keatite ss, phases with Ga in 6-fold coordination. The lattice parameters of the keatite ss did not change appreciably as a result of such substitutions.
Living with the decision that someone will die: Linguistic distance and empathy in jurors' death penalty decisions

Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Texas death penalty trials, this article explores how language helps to make death penalty decisions possible—how specific communicative choices mediate and restrict jurors', attorneys', and judges' actions and experiences while serving and reflecting on capital trials. By analyzing postverdict interviews with jurors, trial language, and written legal language, I examine a variety of communicative practices through which defendants are dehumanized and thus considered deserving of death. This dehumanization is made possible through the physical and linguistic management of distance, which enables jurors to deny empathy with defendants and, in turn, justify their sentencing decisions. In addition, the article probes how jurors' linguistic choices can create distance between themselves and the reality of their decisions, further facilitating death sentences. (Law, empathy, deixis, agency, dehumanization, linguistic distance)*
Fiber‐optic Singlet Oxygen [1O2 (1Δg)] Generator Device Serving as a Point Selective Sterilizer

Traditionally, Type II heterogeneous photo-oxidations produce singlet oxygen via external irradiation of a sensitizer and external supply of ground-state oxygen. A potential improvement is reported here. A hollow-core fiber-optic device was developed with an ‘‘internal’’ supply of light and flowing oxygen, and a porous photosensitizer-end capped configuration. Singlet oxygen was delivered through the fiber tip. The singlet oxygen steady-state concentration in the immediate vicinity of the probe tip was ca 20 fM by N-benzoyl-DL-methionine trapping. The device is portable and the singlet oxygen-generating tip is maneuverable, which opened the door to simple disinfectant studies. Complete Escherichia coli inactivation was observed in 2 h when the singlet oxygen sensitizing probe tip was immersed in 0.1 mL aqueous samples of 0.1–4.4 · 10 7 cells. Photobleaching of the probe tip occurred after ca 12 h of use, requiring baking and sensitizer reloading steps for reuse.
Age-Dependent Loss of Sperm Production in Mice via Impaired Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling

Approximately half of all infertility cases can be attributed to male reproductive dysfunction for which low sperm count is a major contributing factor. The current study identified receptor-mediated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling as a new molecular component influencing male fertility. LPA is a small signaling phospholipid, the effects of which are mediated through at least five G protein-coupled receptors, named LPA 1–5. LPA1/2/3, but not LPA4/5, show high expression in mouse testis. Mice deficient in LPA1/2/3 showed a testosterone-independent reduction of mating activity and sperm production, with an increased prevalence of azoospermia in aging animals. A significant increase of germ cell apoptosis also was observed in testes. Germ cell apoptosis led to a reduction in germ cell proliferation. These data demonstrate a novel in vivo function for LPA signaling as a germ cell survival factor during spermatogenesis.
A mathematical model quantifies proliferation and motility effects of TGF-β on cancer cells

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is known to have properties of both a tumour suppressor and a tumour promoter. While it inhibits cell proliferation, it also increases cell motility and decreases cell–cell adhesion. Coupling mathematical modelling and experiments, we investigate the growth and motility of oncogene-expressing human mammary epithelial cells under exposure to TGF-β. We use a version of the well-known Fisher–Kolmogorov equation, and prescribe a procedure for its parametrisation. We quantify the simultaneous effects of TGF-β to increase the tendency of individual cells and cell clusters to move randomly and to decrease overall population growth. We demonstrate that in experiments with TGF-β treated cells in vitro, TGF-β increases cell motility by a factor of 2 and decreases cell proliferation by a factor of 1/2 in comparison with untreated cells.
Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a recently recognized allergic disorder, characterized by eosophageal dysfunction, accumulation of ≥15 eosinophils/high-powered field, eosinophil microabssess, basal cell hyperplasia, extracellular eosinophilic granules in the esophageal epithelial mucosal biopsy and a lack of response to a 8-week proton pump inhibitor treatment. Despite the increased incidences and considerable progress made in understanding EoE pathogenesis, there are limited diagnostic and therapeutic options available for EoE. Currently, the only criterion for diagnosing EoE is repetitive esophageal endoscopic biopsies and histopathological evaluation. Antigen elimination or corticosteroid therapies are effective therapies for EoE but are expensive and have limitations, if continued in the long term. Hence, there is a great necessity for novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers that can easily diagnose EoE and assess effectiveness of therapy. Herein, we have provided an update on key molecules involved...
Verification of concurrent control flow in distributed computer systems

An approach to verifying control flow in distributed computer systems (DCS) is presented. The approach is based on control flow checking among software components distributed over processors and cooperating among them. In this approach, control-flow behavior of DCS software is modeled and contained in special software components called verifiers. The verifiers are distributed over the processors and consulted to check the correctness of the control flow in DCS software during its execution. Algorithms for deriving the verifiers are presented. This technique can detect global errors including synchronization errors as well as local errors. It can be used for sequential or concurrent software at various levels of details. Experiments show that using this technique requires no significant overhead. >
Policy-Based Enforcement of Database Security Configuration through Autonomic Capabilities

Significant emphasis has been placed recently on the hardening of databases and on regular audits of such systems by independent auditors and certified Information Systems Security Officers (ISSO). Data centers hosting sensitive data and mission-critical systems, especially centers that belong to governmental agencies, have been under tremendous pressure to secure their databases in compliance with several security guidelines. Such requirements mandate that each system passes a strict security scan before it is deemed suitable to go into operational mode and that it be subjected to regular audits thereafter. This in turn has been putting tremendous pressure on database administrators who, in many cases, are already overwhelmed by the tasks of installing, properly maintaining, and configuring their systems in a way that provides optimal performance. However, it is becoming extremely challenging, time consuming, and resource intensive to address security demands under tight budgets and timelines. Therefore, it would be advantageous to implement autonomic features into database systems to address some aspects of this challenge. This paper presents a framework that embeds autonomic capabilities into database systems to provide self- protection features in case of unauthorized, inadvertent, or intentional change in security parameters. This is achieved by embedding into the database the capability to compare each security configuration parameter change attempt (or request) with an embedded predefined security policy before allowing or rejecting the change. The paper demonstrates how the proposed framework can be implemented in an Oracle 10g Release 2 database.
Battery-powered, wireless MEMS sensors for high-sensitivity chemical and biological sensing

Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are developing selectively coated cantilever arrays in a surface-micromachined MEMS process for very high sensitivities in chemical and biological sensing. Toward this end, we have developed a one-dimensional (1-D) 10-element microcantilever array that we have coated with gold for mercury sensing and palladium for hydrogen sensing. Ultimately we will coat each element with a different coating. Currently, measurements have been performed using a companion analog 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS eight channel readout chip also designed at ORNL specifically for the microcantilever arrays. In addition, we have combined our sensors with an ORNL-developed RF-telemetry chip having on-chip spread spectrum encoding and modulation circuitry to improve the robustness and security of sensor data in typical interference- and multipath-impaired environments. We have also provided for a selection of distinct spreading codes to serve groups of sensors in a common environment by the application of code-division multiple-access techniques. Our initial system is configured for use in the 915-MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The entire package is powered by four AA batteries.
Built-in self-test for automatic analog frequency response measurement

We present a built-in self-test (BIST) approach, based on a direct digital synthesizer (DDS), for functional test of analog circuitry in mixed-signal systems. DDS with delta-sigma noise shaping is used to generate test signals with different frequencies and phases. The DDS-based BIST hardware implementation can sweep the frequencies through the interested bands and thus measure the frequency response of the analog circuit. The proposed BIST approach has been implemented in Verilog and synthesized into a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The actual device under test (DUT) was implemented using a field programmable analog array (FPAA) to form a complete BIST testbed for analog functional tests.
Uncommonly Common or Truly Exceptional? An Alternative to the Political System–Based Explanation of the Romanian Mass Media

In Romania, the political system, itself an amalgam of systems and still shifting in line with a continually evolving democracy, is only the vessel in which corruption is percolating and not the cause of it; culture is the cause. This is true of the very nature of how instrumentalization, clientelism, and political parallelism have evolved. Romanian clientelism and the political parallelism are often an expression of the powers of the manager-journalist or star journalists and not only of media owners and politicians. This may set the Romania mass media system apart from other systems.
Commentary on ‘Results of epistaxis embosurgery using DPFC’

Lesley et al 1 present a retrospective series of 20 patients with epistaxis who underwent endovascular embolization using eV3-brand detachable fibered platinum coils (DFPC). Coils were deposited in the internal maxillary arteries either ipsilateral to the site of hemorrhage or in some cases bilaterally. The authors report 100% technical success and 95% procedural success during 30-day telephone follow-up. There were no strokes, and one death during the follow-up period from unrelated causes. The authors conclude that this method is safe and effective for treatment of uncontrollable epistaxis. Epistaxis is the most common otolaryngological emergency.2 Up to 3% of the population seek medical treatment for epistaxis during their lifetime.3 …
Ceramide 1-Phosphate Is a Direct Activator of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2

Recently, we demonstrated that ceramide kinase, and its product, ceramide 1-phosphate (Cer-1-P), were mediators of arachidonic acid released in cells in response to interleukin-1beta and calcium ionophore (Pettus, B. J., Bielawska, A., Spiegel, S., Roddy, P., Hannun, Y. A., and Chalfant, C. E. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 38206-38213). In this study, we demonstrate that down-regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) using RNA interference technology abolished the ability of Cer-1-P to induce arachidonic acid release in A549 cells, demonstrating that cPLA(2) is the key phospholipase A(2) downstream of Cer-1-P. Treatment of A549 cells with Cer-1-P (2.5 microm) induced the translocation of full-length cPLA(2) from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus/perinuclear regions, which are known sites of translocation in response to agonists. Cer-1-P also induced the translocation of the CaLB/C2 domain of cPLA(2) in the same manner, suggesting that this domain is responsive to Cer-1-P either directly or indirectly. In vitro studies were then conducted to distinguish these two possibilities. In vitro binding studies disclosed that Cer-1-P interacts directly with full-length cPLA(2) and with the CaLB domain in a calcium- and lipid-specific manner with a K(Ca) of 1.54 microm. Furthermore, Cer-1-P induced a calcium-dependent increase in cPLA(2) enzymatic activity as well as lowering the EC(50) of calcium for the enzyme from 191 to 31 nm. This study identifies Cer-1-P as an anionic lipid that translocates and directly activates cPLA(2), demonstrating a role for this bioactive lipid in the mediation of inflammatory responses.