cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphological studies of synapses and varicosities in dissociated cell cultures of sympathetic neurons

Neurons dissociated from the superior cervical ganglia of newborn rats can be grown under conditions which support either adrenergic or cholinergic differentiation. In both cases, the neurons form numerous morphologically specialized synaptic terminals or synapses as well as relatively unspecialized varicosities. The ultrastructure of both types of terminal was compared in mature neuronal cultures and the effects of growth conditions on terminal morphology examined. After aldehyde-osmium fixation, synapses in cultures grown under adrenergic or cholinergic conditions were characterized by asymmetrical membrane specializations comparable to type I or asymmetric synapses; bismuth iodide and ethanolic phosphotungstic acid impregnation of neuronal cultures revealed the presence of characteristic synaptic membrane specializations: a presynaptic grid of dense projections and a wide postsynaptic dense band of uniform thickness. No membrane specializations were apparent in varicosities after aldehyde-osmium fixations or with these stains. Intramembranous particle distributions were examined in freeze-fracture replicas of neurons. Aggregates of large, 10-12 nm particles were found on P-face membrane leaflets of cell bodies and large diameter processes; this distribution is the same as that of synapses in thin-sectioned preparations. These particle aggregates may represent postsynaptic membrane specializations or acetylcholine receptors. The cytoplasmic leaflet of boutons contained large, 12-14 nm particles, which appeared to be concentrated at the region of synaptic contact at putative synapses, but were diffusely distributed in varicosity membranes. Similar large particles were also seen at a much lower density in the membrane E-face. None of these ultrastructural characteristics appeared to vary with transmitter identity or growth conditions. Synaptic vesicle shape, however, did vary in glutaraldehyde-fixed cultures. At all ages examined, neurons grown on monolayers of heart cells contained predominantly round vesicles, whereas neurons grown in the virtual absence of non-neuronal cells possessed pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles. This difference in vesicle shape appeared to be correlated more closely with growth in the presence of non-neuronal cells than with the transmitter present at the time of fixation.
The Monte Carlo calculation of the average solid angle subtended by a right circular cylinder from distributed sources

Abstract A Monte Carlo method utilizing total varience reduction is applied to the calculation of the solid angle subtebded by a right circular cylindrical detector from a point of arbitrary position. This method should be useful in those cases where the average solid angle from a distributed source of unusual shape is desired. Calculated values for various cases of interest compared to values given in the literature indicate that the method is correct.
Judicial Review of Administrative Decisions: Agency Cases Before the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, 1981-1984

Scholars focusing on court-agency relationships at the federal level have generally neglected the role played by the courts of appeals. Exploring agency cases coming before the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (1981-1984), this analysis reveals fairly strong support for the positions of federal agencies taken as a whole. Considerable variance, however, exists across both individual judges and specific agencies. Although much of the variance remains unaccounted for, the political environment of each agency sampled and the background characteristics of the court's judges provide a partial explanation. Of the individual background attributes isolated, party affiliation appears to have the most significance, with Republican judges displaying the highest levels of agency support.
Learning from Our Mistakes: Reflections on Customer Service and How to Improve It at the Reference Desk

Libraries have to compete with a barrage of online resources for patrons’ attention and with other campus departments for scarce funding and resources. In this competitive environment, customer service is one of the best strategies librarians can employ. Satisfied patrons will continue to use our services, thereby providing support for libraries’ budget requests. Even though librarians understand the importance of customer service, we do not always succeed in putting it into practice. Drawing on experiences from teaching a reference course, the author reviews examples of poor service and offers some ideas and guidelines for improving service on the front lines.
Morbidity and mortality rates in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary transluminal angioplasty.

Abstract Although successful dilatation of a target lesion by means of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) can be attained as frequently in elderly as in younger patients, elderly patients have a higher risk of complications. Furthermore, cohorts of patients older than 75 years and undergoing PTCA include more women and more cases of unstable angina, factors that increase the risk of complication. Included in this analysis of 3199 PTCAs performed between January 1991 and September 1992 were 474 (14.8%) patients who were ≥75 years old. Age was an independent risk factor for death, acute myocardial infarction, need for transfusion, and need for arterial repair after PTCA. The frequency of successful dilatation of individual lesions, emergency coronary bypass surgery, or repeated PTCA of the same lesion was not related to age. In previous studies no association has been demonstrated between age and increased risk of in-hospital reclosure. The presence of more severe coronary disease and of the greater frequency of coexisting morbid conditions makes elderly patients less able to tolerate unsuccessful or complicated PTCA.
Social Desirability and Leader Effectiveness

The effect of social desirability response bias on the Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC) scale used in tests of Fiedler's Contingency Model of leadership effectiveness was investigated in two studies. In the first study, 89 managers of a steel fabricating plant completed a questionnaire containing the Crowne and Marlowe (1) measure of social desirability and three scales used by Fiedler in tests of his model (including LPC). None of these measures correlated significantly with social desirability. In the second study, 16 first-line construction crew supervisors were randomly assigned to two conditions. In the first condition, as the supervisors arrived at the testing site, they were taken aside and told by the company's president to "be supportive and considerate" of subordinates. In the second condition, the supervisors were not taken aside nor told to "be considerate." A manipulation check using the Crowne-Marlowe social desirability scale indicated a significant difference between the two conditions (as expected), but no differences were obtained in any of the three Contingency Model measures administered to the respondents (including LPC).
The effect of group IA cations on CO hydrogenation over Ru/Y-zeolites

Previous results for zeolite-supported Ru prepared by ion-exchange suggested a possible effect of the nature and concentration of the neutralizing cations in the zeolite on the catalytic properties of the metal. The interpretation of these results were complicated by the fact that a series of zeolites with different Si/Al ratio was used. This paper reports the results of a study of a series of RuY catalysts prepared from NH/sub 4/Y, LiY, NaY, KY, RbY, and CsY zeolites. The nature of the group IA cations was found to have little effect on chemisorptive properties and on the activity and chain growth probability in CO hydrogenation on Ru. However, the nature of the cations produced changes in secondary reactions of primary olefinic products as a result of differences produced during catalyst preparation in Ru distribution in the zeolite crystallites and of possible modifications of the acid sites generated during reduction of the Ru. 57 references.
Gluing constructions amongst constant mean curvature hypersurfaces in $${\mathbb {S}^{n+1}}$$

Four constructions of constant mean curvature (CMC) hypersurfaces in \({\mathbb {S}^{n+1}}\) are given, which should be considered analogues of ‘classical’ constructions that are possible for CMC hypersurfaces in Euclidean space. First, Delaunay-like hypersurfaces, consisting roughly of a chain of hyperspheres winding multiple times around an equator, are shown to exist for all the values of the mean curvature. Second, a hypersurface is constructed which consists of two chains of spheres winding around a pair of orthogonal equators, showing that Delaunay-like hypersurfaces can be fused together in a symmetric manner. Third, a Delaunay-like handle can be attached to a generalized Clifford torus of the same mean curvature. Finally, two generalized Clifford tori of equal but opposite mean curvature of any magnitude can be attached to each other by symmetrically positioned Delaunay-like ‘arms’. This last result extends Butscher and Pacard’s doubling construction for generalized Clifford tori of small mean curvature.
Gas hydrate dissolution rates quantified with laboratory and seafloor experiments

Abstract Methane hydrates are stable at high pressure, low temperature, and saturated methane concentrations. However, natural hydrates exist at the seafloor where methane concentrations are well below saturation. Under such conditions, hydrate outcrops should shrink rapidly as they dissolve into the surrounding seawater. However, some natural hydrate outcrops have been observed for years undergoing little to no visible signs of change. Further, hydrate dissolution rates vary greatly among sites where changes have been observed. In this study, we perforated a natural hydrate outcrop on the seafloor of the Gulf of Mexico and measured the expansion of the hole after 30 days. From the rate of volume loss, we calculated a dissolution rate of 15 cm y−1. This rate is nearly an order of magnitude slower than hydrate dissolution rates observed in the Northern Cascadia Margin. We hypothesized that crystal structure influences hydrate dissolution rates and that the variability observed in in situ hydrate dissolution is caused by different hydrate structures. To test this hypothesis, we measured methane hydrate (structure I) and propane hydrate (structure II) dissolution rates in a series of laboratory experiments. Hydrates were formed in a pressure vessel and maintained at pressure and temperature conditions conducive to hydrate stability. After formation, the gas source was removed. Dissolution rates were calculated by measuring the increase in the dissolved gas concentration over time. Structure I (methane) hydrate dissolved at an average rate of 5.2 ± 2.5 mM CH4 d−1. Structure II (propane) hydrate dissolved at an average rate of 0.3 ± 0.2 mM C3H8 d−1. The ratio of these dissolution rates was proportional to the ratio of methane and propane solubilities under the experimental conditions. This suggests that dissolution rates in our experiments were diffusion-controlled and not influenced by differences in the crystal structure. We propose that natural contaminants such as oils or biofilms may have slowed the dissolution rate of the hydrate we observed in the Gulf of Mexico.
Immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 in the developing rat nervous system.

Abstract The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) are peptides with both growth-promoting and insulin-like metabolic effects. The IGFs interact with and are modulated by a group of six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 through IGFBP-6). Previous studies have characterized IGFBP-5 and IGF-I gene expression in the developing nervous system. In the current study, cellular and tissue-specific distribution of IGFBP-5 protein was examined in the developing rodent nervous system using immunohistochemistry. Beginning with embryonicc stage E12, IGFBP-5 immunoreactivity was observed in peripheral nerves. This pattern persisted through adulthood and was detected within Schwann cells and axons after postnatal day 16 (P16). IGFBP-5 immunoreactivity first appeared in the CNS at P16. Purkinje cells of the cerebellum were immunostained at P16, P32 and in the adult. IGFBP-5 immunoreactivity was also detected in several brain stem nuclei and their corresponding tracts as well as neuroglia. Nerve tracts and glia in the postnatal spinal cord were also immunopositive, however, spinal cord neurons were not stained. The current results, coupled with the known profile of IGF-I expression during nervous system development demonstrates the colocalization of IGF-I and IGFB-5 in PNS, cerebellum, and brain stem.
KCa1.1 channel contributes to cell excitability in unmyelinated but not myelinated rat vagal afferents

High conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels can modulate cell excitability and neurotransmitter release at synaptic and afferent terminals. BKCa channels are present in primary aff...
Sediment nutrient dynamics on the South Atlantic Bight continental shelf

Continental shelf sediments on the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) consist of relict sands that, at depths ranging from 14-45 m, fall within the photic zone and are sites in which significant rates of benthic primary production are observed. Thus, SAB seafloor sediments are a source of organic matter to the shelf system and are possibly a sink for nutrients regenerated within the sediments. We have investigated the nutrient dynamics in SAB shelf sediments along two transects (off the coasts of Georgia and Florida) as part of a study that addresses the significance of benthic primary production in terms of overall shelf biogeochemistry. Sandy sediments were sampled with a newly designed corer that permits retention of pore water in highly permeable sands and thus avoids commonly encountered “washout” problems. Nutrient (ammonium, silicate, nitrate + nitrite, and phosphate) distributions from sediments along both transects show substantial variation in concentration magnitudes and profile shapes over short horizontal spatial scales (meters). Laboratory experiments and numerical models of diagenetic processes in these sediments suggest that (1) pore-water advection, driven by current flows over wave ripples and bioturbational features, is likely an important transport process in promoting nutrient exchange in these porous sands (more so than irrigation), and (2) reaction rates in SAB sediments are rapid and are comparable to those in nearshore muddy habitats. In spite of this variation and the apparently high rates of advective transport, time series measurements show a gradual increase in depth-integrated nutrient concentrations at one station along the Georgia transect from the spring through the fall. This increase is probably related to elevations in temperature and metabolic rates in sediments during the warmer summer months. Measured oxygen and nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface in paired transparent “light” chambers and opaque “dark” chambers did not conform to trends observed in shallow water systems, where oxygen is typically evolved and nutrients are consumed in the light (versus oxygen that is consumed and nutrients that are evolved in the dark). The absence of measurable or consistent fluxes on the SAB shelf is likely the result of low concentrations of nutrients in both the water column and the upper sediment layers. However, rapid regeneration rates in sediments and generally higher nutrient concentrations in deeper sediment layers suggest that sediments are an important source of the nutrients that fuel benthic primary production. Although ammonium is rapidly produced in these oxic sands, nitrate concentrations are uniformly low, and measurable nitrate generally appears in the oxic sedimentary layers. The absence of high nitrate concentrations in the suboxic or anoxic zone suggests that denitrification may not be an important process in SAB shelf sediments.
Career of the medalist

GREATNESS often comes in humble packages. A week ago the friendly voice of today's award recipient came to me over the phone from Pittsburgh, urging that I be modest in this tribute. This set off a chain of questions in my mind — what is greatness?
Of wood and rivers: bridging the perception gap

Wood and beaver dams were historically much more abundant along river corridors from the tropics to the boreal zone. An extensive scientific literature documents the physical and ecological functions created by instream and floodplain wood. By enhancing physical diversity, wood mediates fluxes of water, solutes, organic matter, and sediment; enhances habitat abundance and diversity; promotes retention and biogeochemical uptake of nutrients; and increases biodiversity. Perceptions of wood in rivers, however, remain largely negative and wood is seldom incorporated in river management and restoration plans outside of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. People are unused to seeing wood in river corridors as a result of a long history of deliberate wood removal from rivers, combined with altered land cover and river engineering that reduced quantities of wood in rivers. Negative perceptions of wood in rivers may also reflect hazards, including damage to infrastructure from mobile wood or wood accumulations at bridges that enhance flood damages. People are also unused to seeing beavers in river corridors because of a long history of beaver trapping and substantially reduced beaver populations throughout Eurasia and North America. Extensive and sustained removal of wood and beavers from river corridors has created substantial changes in the appearance and function of rivers. As river restoration increasingly emphasizes re-creation of processes rather than static forms, the river science community has an opportunity to increase public recognition of the vital role played by wood and beavers in sustaining physically and biologically diverse and resilient river ecosystems. WIREs Water 2015, 2:167–176. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1076 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Conflict of interest: The author has declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Religion in Colonial Civil Society Buddhism and Modernity in 19th-century Sri Lanka

This paper has a fairly circumscribed project. It is a critical one. My concern is not directly with the matter of national identity or nationalism, but with a reflection on the narrative of modern Buddhist history in Sri Lanka, one that, to be sure, informs nationalism. Nor do I aim to introduce new and compelling evidence for 'what really happened' to Buddhism in the 19th century, but rather to inquire into some aspects of the way that story has generally been told, the rhetorical economy through which it has been constructed and to suggest—at least in outline—why and through what concepts it ought to be recast. Indeed, the task here is only to try to produce something of a revised conceptual terrain in which a different sort of history of the relation between Buddhism and modernity in Sri Lanka might usefully be written.
Uncertainty and differences in GHG emissions between electric and conventional gasoline vehicles with implications for transport policy making

There is a huge uncertainty in the GHG emissions reduction potential with transport electrification. The typical Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) practice of modeling a pathway by reducing what is known about a model parameter to a single value to produce a single-point GHG emissions estimate has led to reports in literature on the GHG emissions differences between Electric Vehicles (EV) and conventional Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) to range significantly from below 10% to above 60%. In this study we performed a LCA, combined with a Monte Carlo stochastic simulation, to determine the uncertainty in GHG emission differences between EVs and gasoline ICEs, by taking into account of all the possible variations that may affect the lifecycle GHG emissions estimates for EVs and ICEs based on the technologies already available in the market today. This study provides insights into the relative importance of the factors driving the lifecycle GHG emissions difference between the EVs and ICEs, and a measure of the probability for EVs providing benefits over ICEs globally today and projected to 2040. This paper offers critical perspective to inform the global debates on the role of transport electrification as means to a low carbon mobility future, and the implications for policy makers.
Getting to the roots of parasitism by nematodes

Most phytoparasitic nematodes infect plant roots and some species have evolved sophisticated interactive relationships with host cells to sustain a sedentary parasitic habit. The recent isolation of multiple 'parasitism genes' expressed specifically within the esophageal gland cells of sedentary phytonematodes suggests that an arsenal of different secreted parasitism proteins from the nematode might have direct effects on recipient host cells. These include cell wall modifications and potential interactions with signal transduction receptors in the extracellular space, as well as direct introduction of proteins into host cells that might influence cellular metabolism, the cell cycle, selective protein degradation, a localized defense response and regulatory activity within the host cell nucleus.
More on justification and Moore's paradox

Suppose that I am justified in believing (Om). Then I am justified in believing its first conjunct. By (EP) I am justified in believing that I believe that p. Since I am also justified in believing the second conjunct, I am justified in believing that I do not believe that p. Williams claimed that 'this is impossible, because anything that justifies me in believing that something is the case renders me unjustified in believing that it is not the case' (Williams 2009 )} In a response to Williams, I argued that (EP) is false. Williams concedes this objection, and in Williams (2009) he seeks to offer a variant on his justificationist solution to Moore's paradox that does not rest upon (EP). Consider this instance of (Om).
Spotlight on the January 1 Issue

When applied to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) trial data, the combination of age plus NIH Stroke Scale score (SPAN-100) was associated with higher risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in SPAN-100–positive (score ≥ 100) patients, whether receiving tPA or not, compared to SPAN-100–negative patients. The benefit of tPA was apparent in the SPAN-100–positive group, but not in the SPAN-100–negative group. See p. 21 From editorialists Rabinstein & Rundek: “Should any score predicting very poor outcome despite thrombolysis, or a high risk of hemorrhage with thrombolysis, be deemed sufficient to withhold IV tPA administration?” See p. 15 Eighteen recently diagnosed, mildly disabled patients, all …
Subjective Response to Alcohol Among Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals: Effects of the Mu‐Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) Gene and Alcoholism Severity

Background Subjective response to alcohol has been examined as a marker of alcoholism risk. The A118G single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene has been previously associated with subjective response to alcohol in heavy drinkers. This study seeks to extend the literature by examining the effect of OPRM1 genotype on responses to alcohol in a sample of alcohol-dependent individuals. A secondary aim of this study is to examine alcoholism severity as a predictor of subjective responses to alcohol. Methods Nontreatment seeking problem drinkers (n = 295) were assessed in the laboratory for clinical dimensions of alcohol dependence. Following prospective genotyping, 43 alcohol-dependent individuals across the 2 genotype conditions (AA, n = 23 and AG/GG, n = 20) were randomized to 2 intravenous infusion sessions: 1 of alcohol (target breath alcohol concentration = 0.06 g/dl) and 1 of saline. Measures of subjective responses to alcohol were administered in both infusion sessions. Results Alcohol-dependent G-allele carriers reported greater alcohol-induced stimulation, vigor, and positive mood, as compared to A-allele homozygotes. There was no genotype effect on alcohol-induced sedation or craving. There was a statistical trend-level severity × alcohol interaction such that individuals at higher levels of severity reported greater alcohol-induced tension reduction. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that OPRM1 genotype moderates the hedonic effects of alcohol, but not the sedative and unpleasant effects of alcohol, in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients. Results are discussed in light of a clinical neuroscience framework to alcoholism.
TRPC3 mediates pyrimidine receptor-induced depolarization of cerebral arteries

We tested the hypothesis that TRPC3, a member of the canonical transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels, mediates agonist-induced depolarization of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In support of this hypothesis, we observed that suppression of arterial SMC TRPC3 expression with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides significantly decreased the depolarization and constriction of intact cerebral arteries in response to UTP. In contrast, depolarization and contraction of SMCs induced by increased intravascular pressure, i.e., myogenic responses, were not altered by TRPC3 suppression. Interestingly, UTP-evoked responses were not affected by suppression of a related TRP channel, TRPC6, which was previously found to be involved in myogenic depolarization and vasoconstriction. In patch-clamp experiments, UTP activated a whole cell current that was greatly reduced or absent in TRPC3 antisense-treated SMCs. These results indicate that TRPC3 mediates UTP-induced depolarization of arterial SMCs and that TRPC3 and TRPC6 may be differentially regulated by receptor activation and mechanical stimulation, respectively.
Hyper error map based document stitching

The hyper error map is proposed as a metric to guide selection of stitch seam to minimize and avoid document stitching artifacts. An efficient hyper error map computation scheme is also shown with edge filtering. Examples of actual stitching artifacts are presented and used to prove the effectiveness of the hyper error map. The hyper error map is further discussed in relation to the hyperacuity of the visual system, which indicates that other aspect of human perception should also be incorporated in visual modeling for image processing.
Innervation and the regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity during the development of normal and dystrophic chick muscle

Two isozymes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the skeletal muscles of the chick embryo decrease to very low levels after hatching. These isozymes have been shown to be maintained in fast twitch muscles, the superficial pectoral and biceps brachii, of birds homozygous for inherited muscular dystrophy. Histochemical studies are presented that associate these isozymes with diffuse AChE activity in the sarcoplasm of embryonic and dystrophic muscle fibers. The hypothesis that neural activity inhibits the activity of the embryonic AChE forms in normal but not in dystrophic muscle after hatching was supported by the fact that biceps muscles of normal chicks denervated at two days still retained embryonic AChE activity when examined one month after denervation. In addition embryonic AChE forms reappeared within three days after denervation in muscles from month old chicks. One month after surgery, total AChE activity of denervated normal muscle was three to four times that of the controls. Moreover, unlike the normal, the AChE activity of dystrophic biceps muscle did not increase following denervation. Tenotomy of muscles from month old chicks had little effect on AChE activity.
Spectral tuning of a folded bow-tie antenna

In this paper a folded bow-tie antenna is presented. The bow-tie fold is achieved with a connection between similar locations along the two halves of the bow-tie. The input impedance obtained with a single fold is nominally 400 Ω, and the center frequency of a matched condition to that impedance is dependent on the position of the folded connection. Modeled input impedance as a function of fold placement is presented and validated with measurement, demonstrating novel spectral tuning through placement of the fold connection.
Brown bears and wolves scavenge humpback whale carcass in Alaska

Abstract Brown bears (Ursus arctos) are generally solitary animals, although they are known to aggregate at concentrated food resources. Using remote cameras, we documented brown bears aggregating while scavenging a whale carcass from 19 May to 17 September 2010 in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA. Such aggregations have not been reported in Glacier Bay, a recently deglaciated fjord where bear food resources are dispersed and less diverse than in other regions of coastal Alaska. We documented multiple brown bears and wolves (Canis lupus) scavenging the carcass—at times, simultaneously. This study provided a rare opportunity to document brown bear–wolf interactions over several months associated with a large-magnitude resource event with little evidence of aggression between species. Our results suggest that the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) carcass provided a substantial food resource for brown bears and wolves in Glacier Bay, potentially influencing space use and interspecific interactions.
Effectiveness of health-promoting media literacy education: a systematic review

Media literacy education to promote health among youth involves them in a critical examination of media messages that promote risky behaviors and influence their perceptions and practices. Research on its effectiveness is in its infancy. Studies to date have been conducted with more or less rigor and achieved differing results, leaving many questions about effectiveness unanswered. To elucidate some of these questions, we conducted a systematic review of selected health-promoting media literacy education evaluation/research studies, guided by the following research question: What are the context and process elements of an effective health-promoting media literacy education intervention? Based on extensive analysis of 28 interventions, our findings provide a detailed picture of a small, 16- to 17-year (1990 to July 2006) body of important research, including citation information, health issue, target population/N/age, research design, intervention length and setting, concepts/skills taught, who delivered the intervention and ratings of effectiveness. The review provides a framework for organizing research about media literacy education which suggests that researchers should be more explicit about the media literacy core concepts/skills they are including in their interventions, and should more carefully address who delivered the intervention with what fidelity, in what setting, for how long and utilizing what pedagogical approach.
Austerity and Exports

Recent papers have focused attention on the potential for expansionary austerity (i.e. that cutting budget deficits may increase growth in the short run). In this paper we investigate the impact of fiscal consolidation on trade using bilateral trade data. The use of bilateral trade data allows us to demonstrate three novel empirical results. First, while fiscal consolidation is associated with an increase in own-country exports, it is also correlated to an equal extent with a decrease in foreign-country exports (i.e. imports); indeed, simultaneous austerity has no statistically significant impact on bilateral trade. Second, the positive effect of austerity on exports disappears when trading partners share a common currency. Third, the increase in exports as a result of austerity is associated entirely with an increase in the range of goods exported (the extensive margin), at the expense of trade volume among existing trade relationships (the intensive margin).
Inclusive Photoproduction of π 0 and η 0 Mesons for Photons in the 100-GeV Energy Range

Inclusive distributions are presented for final-state ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{0}$ mesons produced in $\ensuremath{\gamma}p$ interactions. For photon energies from 50 to 130 GeV, both cross sections scale for fractional momenta ${x}_{F}g~0.30$. The average transverse momentum for both mesons is approximately constant with energy and equal to 0.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 GeV/c at large ${x}_{F}$. The $\frac{{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{0}}{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}}$ ratio similarly rises from 0.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 at ${x}_{F}=0.38 \mathrm{to} 0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09$ at ${x}_{F}=0.90$. The ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ distributions are in good agreement with those seen in the scattering of highly virtual incident photons.
Psychosocial Influences Upon the Workforce and Professional Development Participation of Family Child Care Providers

Family child care is commonly used in the US by families, including by those receiving child care subsidies. Psychosocial influences upon the workforce and professional development participation of family child care providers (FCCPs) have implications for the investment of public dollars that aim to improve quality and stability of child care. We examined psychosocial influences upon workforce and professional development participation of FCCPs. We hypothesized lower levels of psychosocial stress and higher levels of peer support would be associated with less consideration of exit. We hypothesized that those providers embracing a greater sense of themselves as ECE professionals and reporting the support of professional peers would have greater participation in professional development. This study employed the use of administrative survey data in path modeling. Multivariate analyses of survey data indicated that psychosocial stress had a significant, positive association with consideration of exit. In contrast, perceived peer support had a significant, negative association with consideration of exit. A stronger sense of identity as an early care and education professional had a significant, positive association with professional development participation as measured by training hours completed in the past year. The support of professional peers was not observed to have a significant association with professional development participation. Results suggest the importance of considering psychosocial factors in planning workforce development and educational programs for FCCPs. This may include developing supports to help FCCPs cope with the psychosocial stress of care work, build professional identities, and connect with peer providers to promote stability and quality caregiving in the ECE workforce. We propose additional qualitative research aimed at understanding the context of FCC care as a mechanism for informing the development of these supports.
Pediatric low-grade ganglioglioma: epidemiology, treatments, and outcome analysis on 348 children from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.

Background Low-grade gangliogliomas/gangliocytomas (GG) are rare tumors of the CNS, which occur mostly in young people. Due to their rarity, large-scale, population-based studies focusing on epidemiology and outcomes are lacking.
A Technique to Enhance the Frequency Bandwidth of Contactless Magnetoresistive Current Sensors

Isolated wideband current measurement is required in many power electronic converters when the switching frequency is above 1 MHz. Typically current passing through a printed circuit board trace induces a highly nonuniform magnetic field which varies as a function of frequency and position relative to the trace. This paper proposes a technique to increase the frequency bandwidth of anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) current sensors and simultaneously to intensify and normalize the field detected by the sensor in the frequency range of interest, i.e., DC-5 MHz. We demonstrate experimentally that the proposed technique yields significant enhancement in detection bandwidth of AMR current sensors.
The Influence of Electroacupuncture on the Activity of Deep Body Receptors

Purpose To observe the influence of electroacupuncture on the activity of deep body receptors (R) and the regularity of its action. Methods Four types of intramuscular R according to conventional classification were grouped into stretch R (R Ⅰ、Ⅱ ), and type Ⅲ and Ⅳ fiber pressure R as subjects. Unit electric discharge was taken as an index. A filiform needle was used as an effective electrode for unipolar stimulation to measure REAT during acupuncture at different distances within and outside receptive field (RF). Results and Conclusion Within a certain range of measurement there is a linear regression relationship between two variables, the distance from acupuncture spot to RF (acupuncture distance) and REAT. On condition that the uper limit of electroacupuncture output is fixed, the number of homogeneous R reaction unites decreases with an increase in acupuncture distance. The results suggest that electroacupuncture has a three dimensional regional influence on R and the size of the region depends on electroacupuncture intensity and R types.
Neutrophil kinetics in chronic neutropenia.

Quantitative studies of bone marrow neutrophil pool sizes and production rates and of blood neutrophil kinetics were performed in 16 patients with chronic neutropenia without splenomegaly. Marrow netrophil cellularity was determined from a ferrokinetic estimate of marrow normoblasts and from neutrophil-erythroid ratios determined from marrow sections. Postmitotic pool turnover was derived from the postmitotic pool size and transit time, the latter determined from 3H- thymidine neutrophil emergence time. Blood neutrophil kinetics were studied with 32P-diisopropylfluoophosphate-labeled autologous neutrophils. Mitotic pool size was basal or below basal in 12 of the 16 patients. The turnover of the post-mitotic neutrophils was subbasal in 6, basal in 7, and above basal in 3 patients. Blood neutrophil turnover was within the normal range in 8 patients and decreased in 8. The degree of ineffective granulocytopoiesis was assessed by comparing the relative size of the mitotic pool, postmitotic pool turnover, and blood turnover. On this basis, 13 of the 16 patients showed appreciable degrees of ineffective granulocytopoiesis. Ineffective neutrophil production occurred both early and late in neutrophil development. These studies indicate that most patients with chronic neutropenia without splenomegaly lack a proliferative marrow response to the neutropenia and suggest that ineffective granulocytopoiesis is a common feature of this disorder.
The Education of the Young Consumer: A Children’s Viewpoint

The young consumer has been recognized as a viable market sinee the mid 1960’s. Emphasis has been on understanding how youth perform in the consumer role and the socialization processes involved. (Anderson, 1978; Faber and Ward 1977; McNeal 1964, 1976, 1979; Moschis and Churchill 1979; Moschis and Moore 1979; Stampfl, Moschis, and Lawton 1978; Turner and Brandt 1978; Ward 1974; Ward, Wackman and Wartella 1975; Wells 1976). Concurrently, there has been a resurgence of consumer education.
Healing and medical treatment

Ever since [ship physician] Stephen Maturin had grown rich with their first prize [about 1790] he had constantly laid in great quantities of asafetida, castoreum and other substances, to make his medicines more revolting in taste, smell and texture than any others in the fleet; and he found it answered - his hardy patients knew with their entire beings that they were being physicked. Patrick O'Brian, Master and Commander , 1970 Even fictional doctors know that their patient's attitudes and understanding of medicine and treatment are a fundamental part of the healing process. An ulcer trial In the early 1990s, Dr. Frank Lanza, a gastroenterologist from Houston, Texas, led a large team of doctors in a test of a new drug for treating ulcers. Over 300 people participated in the trial which compared the effectiveness of a new drug known as lansoprazole (its trade name is “Prevacid”) with another, older, drug for ulcers called ranitidine (“Zantac”). The people who entered this study were diagnosed with ulcers by having a procedure called an endoscopy . In this procedure, a fiber optic tube - an endoscope - is put down the patient's esophagus, and a technician examines the wall of the gut on a little television screen. In each case, only after the technician saw an ulcer in the patient's stomach was the person admitted to the study.
Library research as collaborative information seeking

Abstract Today's students are accustomed to collaborative information behavior, with group work being a common requirement in educational settings. This research focuses on the collaborative information seeking behavior of college students through a library-based study of individuals and pairs conducting exploratory research for a class assignment. Participants used a collaborative search system when completing the study tasks. Findings showed that students working collaboratively found more useful sources and achieved greater information coverage, while individuals showed better results for query effectiveness and number of relevant sources. Challenges that students face when conducting library research were identified. The findings offer librarians, instructors, and learning technologists suggestions as to how to support group work, and how collaborative search systems can address the challenges faced by students doing group work using library resources.
Hormone receptors in the brain

Reproductive behaviours are regulated by gonadal steroids. In most mammalian species sexual activities decline or disappear following gonadectomy and can be reinstated by administering exogenous steroids systemically or by direct application to the brain. It is generally believed that the gonadal hormones act in the brain as they do in peripheral target tissues by binding selectively to cytoplasmic protein ‘receptors’ with subsequent translocation of the hormone-receptor complex to the nuclear chromatin material. Chromatin binding is thought to induce genomic activation, RNA and protein synthesis and, thereby, the regulation of cell function.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Imago Relationship Therapy: Exploring Statistical and Clinical Significance

ABSTRACTFor decades, couples around the world have used Imago relationship therapy (IRT) to improve their relationships. While anecdotal success stories abound, no randomized controlled trial of IRT's impact has been accomplished until now. The authors review the results of a randomized controlled trial of distressed, treatment-seeking couples who completed 12 sessions of IRT and the impact their involvement had on their marital satisfaction. Results showed that (a) individuals in the treatment condition experienced statistically significant increases in marital satisfaction, while couples in the control group did not; (b) levels of marital satisfaction did decrease significantly from posttreatment to follow-up but remained significantly higher than at pretreatment; (c) though statistically significant, the improvements experienced by the treatment group were not clinically significant improvements; and (d) while approximately one-third of participants achieved recovery during treatment, at the dyad level...
Late-Glacial — Holocene High-Frequency Climatic Changes in Deep-Sea Cores from the Denmark Strait

Denmark Strait cores V28–14 and V29–206 contain records of high-frequency (periods of 615–784 yr) fluctuations in percent of subpolar planktonic foraminifera. The two principal species involved in the fluctuations are G. guigueloba and G. bulloides the former in V29–206 and the latter in V28–14. Variations in these species1 relative and absolute abundance are directly related to variable dissolution and to changes in the boundary between the Irminger and East Greenland currents.
The joint effects of human capital dispersion and deployment on team performance

Despite a rich literature on the link between the human capital possessed by individuals and their performance, scholars have placed relatively less attention on the performance implications associ...
A Simple Complete Search for Logic Programming

Here, we present a family of complete interleaving depth-first search strategies for embedded, domain-specific logic languages. We derive our search family from a stream-based implementation of incomplete depth-first search. The DSL's programs' texts induce particular strategies guaranteed to be complete.
Facial Pain Syndromes

Facial pain is not only one of the most common and bothersome symptoms affecting patients with obstructive sialadenitis but also a prominent symptom of numerous non-salivary pathologies. In the evaluation of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of salivary disorders, it is critical to rule out other etiologies which may result in similar symptoms. This chapter will review a range of common and less common facial pain syndromes, with a goal of helping the provider distinguish between salivary and non-salivary etiologies of facial pain and related symptoms.
Trust and the healing encounter: an examination of an unorthodox healing performance.

Just why a patient should trust a particular healer isa question that has not been adequately explored inthe literature on healing. This ethnographiccase-report examines the healing performance of achiropractor and proposes that it contains fourintrinsic claims to trustworthiness: he claims to bea qualified and sincere healer who is inpossession of knowledge and techniques that derivetheir power from their truth content and whichempower him to make beneficial changes in thepatient. Taking each claim in turn I described thenature of the claim, how it might be adequatelyvalidated, ways in which his healing performance mightvalidate it and how he might be assisted by thepatient, and how their actual validation may bedistorted by the healer and patient. It is suggestedthat while unusual in many regards, this unorthodoxhealing performance may be a foil by which toexamine other more orthodox healing performances.
New Radio Telescopes

Nearly all of the exciting discoveries in radio astronomy have come from new instruments or techniques which have provided new frequencies, high sensitivity, higher spatial or time resolution, or improved image quality. Since the last General Assembly a number of major new radio telescopes have been completed while construction of others have only just begun. At the same time telescopes of the more distant future are still in the conceptual stage. This paper summarizes a full-day meeting of Commission 40 on recently completed radio telescopes, new radio telescopes now under construction, and radio telescopes of the future.