cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Innervation of the rat lung. Acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves of the bronchial tree.

The innervation to the bronchial tree of the rqt was studied using silver impregnation and methylene blue staining in conjunction with histochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase and one-micron sections of osmium-bed, plastic-embedded material. Innervation to the bronchial structures enters the lung along two pathways: (1) in bundles of nerves along the bronchi (peribronchial bundles), and (2) as nerve bundles associated with bronchial arteries (periarterial bundles) to innervate bronchial arteries and respiratory passageways. Fibers within the peribronchial bundles and associated nerve cells contain acetylcholinesterase. Varicose nerve plexuses associated with bronchial muscle (intermuscular nerves) are acetylcholinesterase-positive, as are the submucosal nerves. Submucosal nerves are of two types. One type originates directly from the peribronchial bundles after passing through the muscularis without innervating it. These nerves extend circumferentially and longitudinally with respect to the bronchiole. The second submucosal nerve type originates from the intermuscular nerve plexus. These nerves have a radial orientation within the bronchial submucosa and reach the mucosa. It is concluded that the intermuscular nerves are postganglionic parasympathetics. The two types of submucosal nerves are thought to perform different functions.
“Authoritarianism” as a Political Behavior Variable

A 1TER THE NAZIS HAD COME to power, a concept of "authoritarA ianism" began to concern some psychologists in the United States.' A major product of this concern was The Authoritarian Personality, a book which embodied the results of the "Berkeley Public Opinion Study."2 The study has not gone uncriticized,3 and one of the Berkeley group has published re-formulations of some of her views that take account of some of the criticisms.4 One interesting outcome of the Berkeley study was a so-called F (for fascism5) scale, an "authoritarian" attitude questionnaire whose items had ostensibly been validated by a series of detailed psychological interviews.6 Despite its possible inadequacies, the F scale and other scales of "authoritarianism" derived from some of its items have spawned a considerable number of research publications.7
North Atlantic fluoride profiles

Abstract Flouride analyses have been carried out on 152 samples from nine stations; seven at 46°N in the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and two at 33°N in the Cape Verde Basin. No increases in the fluoride concentration with depth, as reported for some locations by Greenhalgh and Riley (1963) and Riley (1965), were detected. The mean fluoride concentration found was 1·35 ± 0·03 mg/l. (1·32 ± 0·03 μ g/g). The mean fluoride/chlorinity ration given by these stations is (6·82 ± 0·12) × 10 −5 which agrees well with Riley's (1965) value of (6·7 ± 0·1) × 10 −5 for surface and normal deep waters.
Use of aprotinin in lung transplantation

Although the use of aprotinin has been well documented for cardiac surgical procedures, its use in lung transplantation has received less attention. Herein is the experience at Washington University with aprotinin in patients undergoing lung transplantation (most with cystic fibrosis). In these patients, bleeding from the chest wall is a major problem due to the dense adhesions from chronic infection. Aprotinin has a dramatic effect in reducing bleeding.
Comparing the guidelines: anticoagulation therapy to optimize stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for stroke. According to a pooled analysis of controlled clinical trials with warfarin, anticoagulation therapy reduces stroke risk by 62%. However, clinicians must decide whether the benefit of long-term anticoagulation therapy with available agents outweighs the risk of bleeding for individual patients. Guidelines issued by the American College of Chest Physicians and by the joint American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology task force recommend antithrombotic therapy to protect AF patients from stroke based on risk-stratification algorithms. Risk factors for stroke AF patients include age > or =75 years; hypertension; thyrotoxicosis; diabetes; cardiovascular disease; congestive heart failure; and history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism. Patients at high risk for stroke experience greater absolute benefit from anticoagulation therapy than patients at low risk. The guidelines are consistent in recommendations for high-risk patients (warfarin therapy, international normalized ratio 2.0 to 3.0) and low-risk patients (aspirin 325 mg), but differ for intermediate-risk patients with diabetes or heart disease. The guidelines continue to evolve, and future guidelines are likely to incorporate new clinical data, including the CHADS(2) algorithm for determining risk and the results of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management trial, the Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation study, and the Stroke Prevention Using an Oral Thrombin Inhibitor in Atrial Fibrillation II to V trials.
A high‐latitude convective cloud feedback and equable climates

A convective cloud feedback on extratropical surface temperatures is identified in a zonally averaged two- level atmospheric model. The model contains simplified parametrizations for convection, precipitation, and clouds, and a long-wave radiation scheme that explicitly depends on carbon dioxide, water vapour, and cloud fraction. The convective cloud feedback occurs if the extratropical surface temperature is increased enough to initiate strong atmospheric convection. This results in a change from low to high clouds and from negative to neutral or positive cloud radiative forcing, which further warms the surface and leads to more convection. This positive feedback activates as the CO2 concentration is increased and leads to a climate solution with high boundary-layer temperatures, convection at mid and high latitudes, and an Equator to Pole temperature difference that is reduced by 8-10 ϒC. The reduction in Equator to Pole temperature difference is due to changes in high-latitude local heat balance and occurs despite decreased meridional heat transport. The convective cloud feedback also leads to multiple equilibria and hysteresis with respect to CO2 and other model variables, although these results may be due to the simplicity of the model. The possible connection of the behaviour of the model at high CO2 with equable climates is considered. Copyright ! 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Distributed Architecture and Interconnection Scheme for Multiple Model Particle Filters

In this paper, we present a hardware architecture for a Sampling Importance Resampling Filter (SIRF) applied to systems with multiple interacting models. This filter outperforms traditional filters in practical scenarios due to superior abilities of the SIRFs in dealing with nonlinear and/or non-Gaussian models. Compared to existing approaches, our method does not require knowledge of model transition probabilities and keeps a constant number of particles per model at all times. This allows for a regular hardware structure with deterministic execution time. A highly scalable, parallel architecture consisting of distributed processing elements and a central unit is described. We propose an interconnection scheme and data exchange protocol using the concept of distributed resampling that greatly speeds up filter execution and drastically reduces the required interconnect to a single bus without causing any communication bottleneck. The proposed architecture is evaluated on a Xilinx FPGA platform for a multiple model target tracking application and its efficiency and scalability is shown.
Differences in the enzymatic inactivation of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin by rat kidney homogenate.

Arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin, both 14C-labeled in the glycine residue, are enzymatically inactivated by rat kidney supernatant. Production of radioactive metabolites of each hormone was followed as a function of time. Both oxytocin and vasopressin are degraded by an enzyme which cleaves their Pro-X bonds, to release Leu- Gly-NH2 from oxytocin and Arg-Gly-NH2 from vasopressin. In addition, oxytocin alone is degraded rapidly by a chymotrypsin-like enzyme which directly releases Gly-NH2 from the hormone. The direct release of Gly-NH2 from vasopressin in the homogenate is of minor importance, but there occurs a transient formation of an uncharacterized fragment in significant amounts. The data are interpreted to indicate that the difference in the overall mechanism of inactivation of the two hormones by the rat kidney extract is a result of the high level of the enzymic activity which releases Gly- NH2 directly from oxytocin, compared to the low level of activity releasing Gly-NH2 directly from the antid...
Simple fiscal policy rules for small open economies

Abstract This paper analyzes the scope for rules-based countercyclical fiscal policy in small open economies where a subset of households is liquidity-constrained. Relative to balanced budget rules, structural surplus rules significantly improve welfare. But they minimize fiscal instrument volatility rather than business cycle volatility. More aggressively countercyclical tax revenue gap rules (strong automatic stabilizers) increase welfare gains by around 50%, with only modest increases in fiscal instrument volatility. If liquidity-constrained households' labor income is independent of raw materials prices, the government should save excess raw materials revenue on their behalf. The best fiscal instruments are transfers, consumption and labor taxes.
Ethics of Cardiac Transplantation in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

There has long been debate among experts in the care of infants born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) as to whether orthotopic heart transplantation or cardiac reconstruction is preferable as the primary approach [1, 15]. Many centers now favor the reconstructive techniques (Norwood-type procedure); however, several centers continue to offer cardiac transplantation as a primary treatment. By the late 1990s, approximately 50% of children born with HLHS in the United States underwent cardiac reconstruction (studies indicate that approximately 35% of infants born with HLHS in the United States underwent cardiac reconstruction and survived to hospital discharge [9, 14] and that the rate of survival to discharge postreconstruction was approximately 70% [5, 6, 12, 17, 20, 27, 28], yielding a calculated value of 50% undergoing reconstruction), approximately 5% underwent cardiac transplantation (with an additional 2% dying while on the transplant waiting list) [9, 10, 14], and the remaining patients (approximately 45%) received palliative treatment (previously referred to as comfort care without surgery [18]). More recent data have not been published; therefore, the current percentages treated with each option is unknown.
Dramatic tuning of ligand donor properties in (Ttz)CuCO through remote binding of H+ (Ttz = hydrotris(triazolyl)borate).

Complexes with bulky hydrotris(triazolyl)borate (Ttz) ligands, TtzCuCO, were used to probe how acids change the donor properties of Ttz ligands. (TtztBu,Me)CuCO shows four distinct protonation states and a gradual increase in the CO stretch. The increased electrophilic nature of the Cu center upon protonation leads to enhanced C–H activation catalysis.
Proteolytic processing of secretory proteins in Paramecium: immunological and biochemical characterization of the precursors of trichocyst matrix proteins

We used polyclonal serum raised against mature trichocyst matrix proteins to detect their unprocessed precursors, a group of proteins (45-55 kDa) present in the whole-cell extract. These precursor proteins were partially purified from the soluble fraction of wild-type cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography. Using monoclonal antibodies against each of four families of mature (processed) matrix proteins, we showed that each family was derived from a separate group of precursors. Our results also suggest that in three of four precursors, those in which the mature proteins consist of disulfide-linked heterodimers, intrachain disulfide bonds form before proteolytic processing. Purified precursors eluted from preparative SDS-gels were used to raise rabbit antiserum, which after preadsorption with mature processed proteins specifically recognized precursors, as judged by ELISA and immunoblots. In cross-sections of developing trichocysts, the anti-precursor serum after preadsorption no longer stained the central, paracrystalline region, but still stained the peripheral as well as the structureless region of the secretory granule. In trichocyst-developing mutants tl (trichless) and ftA (football A), the precursors for all four groups of mature proteins were present but their processing was affected: severely blocked in tl (which has no recognizable crystalline trichocyst matrix), and partially blocked in ftA (which has some abnormal trichocyst matrices with crystalline centers). These observations constitute further evidence that proteolytic processing of precursors occurs in parallel with crystallization.
Models of Distributed Passive Membrane

In Chapters 3, 4, and 5, we have presented models of local membrane phenomena. In other words, we have dealt with gradients and ion flows across the membrane, but we have ignored gradients and flows directed tangential to its surfaces, and in doing so we have ignored mechanisms by which receptor responses and synaptic responses can spread from one region of the neuron to another. As we mentioned in Chapters 1 and 2, local regions of a neuron are often apparently adapted to specific subtasks with respect to signal processing. Quite often, for example, sites of sensitivity to external stimuli (receptor sites) are separated spatially (and are often quite remote) from spike-triggering sites. The influencing of spike generation by receptor-site responses is generally accepted as being a key link in the neuron’s signal processing; and, of course, the spread of the receptor response from the receptor site to the triggering site is the crucial phenomenon in this link.
Beach Sand Transport: Distribution and Total Drift

Considerable data have been collected in laboratory wave basins in an attempt to relate the sand transport rate to the wave conditions. This study undertakes a review of laboratory data in an attempt to determine if any scaling laws can account for the scatter, laws which might indicate how the transport rate is a function of grain size and density. No such systematic laws were found; the laboratory data did not even demonstrate a relationship between the sand transport rate and the settling velocity of the beach sediment. Solutions are developed for the distribution of longshore sand transport across the beach width. One solution ignores the stress due to the longshore currents, including only the stress of the waves; a more complicated solution includes both stress contributors. In both cases the distributions are made to yield the correct total sand transport rate, according to the field data, when the distributions are integrated across the surf zone width.
Optimal budget allocation strategies for real time bidding in display advertising

We present a simulation model to determine optimal budget allocation strategies for real-time bidding (RTB) based display advertising. A common challenge across RTB exchanges is to optimize both budget spend and performance attainment. Our simulation model uses a stochastic dynamic programming approach based budget allocation to determine budget for each time instant. We report on results from a real-world pilot in which our approach delivered an average 18% performance gain.
Characterization of fear conditioning and fear extinction by analysis of electrodermal activity

Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a measure of physical arousal, which is frequently measured during psychophysical tasks relevant for anxiety disorders. Recently, specific protocols and procedures have been devised in order to examine the neural mechanisms of fear conditioning and extinction. EDA reflects important responses associated with stimuli specifically administrated during these procedures. Although several previous studies have demonstrated the reproducibility of measures estimated from EDA, a mathematical framework associated with the stimulus-response experiments in question and, at the same time, including the underlying emotional state of the subject during fear conditioning and/or extinction experiments is not well studied. We here propose an ordinary differential equation model based on sudomotor nerve activity, and estimate the fear eliciting stimulus using a compressed sensing algorithm. Our results show that we are able to recover the underlying stimulus (visual cue or mild electrical shock). Moreover, relating the time-delay in the estimated stimulation to the visual cue during extinction period shows that fear level decreases as visual cues are presented without shock, suggesting that this feature might be used to estimate the fear state. These findings indicate that a mathematical model based on electrodermal responses might be critical in defining a low-dimensional representation of essential cognitive features in order to describe dynamic behavioral states.
Graphical Representation for Mechanical Design

This chapter introduces basic geometric modeling theory, tolerance, and three popular geometric representation methods.
Innate Immune Response to Adenovirus Vector Administration In Vivo

Adenovirus vectors represent an attractive platform for the treatment of many clinically important diseases. However, numerous studies of adenovirus biodistribution in tissues after intravascular virus delivery have shown that over 90% of administered virus accumulates in the liver and spleen. The mechanisms of adenovirus sequestration depend on a complex interplay between host factors that can either promote adenovirus uptake and cell transduction or result in vector neutralization. Although the mechanisms of virus inactivation vary in different organs, all ultimately lead to the death and removal of virus-containing cells. Furthermore, cooperation of distinct specialized immune cells effectively eliminates the virus from the blood as well as any infected cells in tissues. Taken together, for successful application of an adenovirus-mediated therapy, effective strategies need to be devised to prevent adenovirus interactions with both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system.
The effect of sodium chloride on the lipid content and fatty acid composition of Candida albicans.

The cultivation of Candida albicans in a chemically defined medium supplemented with sodium chloride resulted in a decrease in viable cell counts, dry cell weights, and a concomitant increase in th...
Characterization of a Dual-Mode Scramjet via Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry

Despite over 50 years of research, the supersonic, turbulent, combusting flow field of a scramjet is not fully understood. This is particularly the case for the dual-mode scramjet (DMSJ) which operates in supersonic, subsonic, and mixed modes of combustion. This gap in knowledge stems from the inability to experimentally measure key flow properties and the resulting absence of validated computational tools. Renewed interest in hypersonic flight and the advancement of optical measurement techniques provide an opportunity to quantify flow properties that were once not accessible. This includes instream velocimetry, which can provide a fundamental understanding of the turbulent transport processes in these engines. The work described here employs the experimental technique of Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry to measure the three-dimensional, instantaneous velocities within a dual-mode scramjet model. Significant design of new DMSJ model hardware was necessary to allow the required optical access with the end goal of building a one-of-a-kind dataset for the development of advanced computational techniques. The work presented herein contributes to this goal by measuring the flow field within the combustor in both dual and scram modes of operation at several axial locations. The measurements reveal the key velocity field differences between modes of operation and show the influence on the velocity field as the combustion process develops axially. The comprehensive data set provides converged turbulence statistics and presents the opportunity for future comparison to numerical models.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF RIBBEN STRUCTURE IN HIGH QUALITY CARBON STEEL

The ribben structure existing in water-wall tubes made from carbon steel has been discovered in metallographic test.It is believed from test and example analysis that the ribben structure is a kind of defects.The ribben structure in carbon steel is commonly resulted from composition segragation,the more serious the composition segragation is,the more grave the resulted ribben structure may be,leading to decrease of elongation rate after material breakage,making the boiler tubes to lose efficacy too early.For rifled seamless steel tubes made from high quality carbon steel.only strictly controlling the smelting and rolling processes,a homogeneous ferrite + pearlite structure can be obtained.
Prostate Specific Antigen after Irradiation for Prostatic Carcinoma

AbstractThe clinical significance of serum prostate specific antigen after primary irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate is uncertain. Between September 1986 and December 1987 serial prostate specific antigen values were determined in 43 patients before and after definitive radiation therapy. The study group included 6 patients with stage TOd, 10 with stage T1, 11 with stage T2 and 16 with stage T3 disease, with a mean pre-treatment prostate specific antigen level of 49.2 ± 10.8. For all patients the first post-treatment prostate specific antigen level was less than the pre-treatment level. One patient failed locally with recurrent prostatic cancer that invaded the rectum. The 6 patients who failed with symptomatic metastases had an increasing prostate specific antigen level 2 to 7 months before detection of recurrence. Based on the absolute value and trend of the prostate specific antigen, patients were described as being at high, intermediate or low risk for distant metastases. Of 9 high, 6 int...
Magnetic Field and Pressure Effects on the Electrical Resistivity of Single Crystal Pr2/3(Ca,Pb)1/3MnO3

The effects of magnetic field (H) and pressure (P) on the temperature (T) dependence of electrical resistivity (ρ) are reported for a new manganese-containing compound, Pr2/3(Ca,Pb)1/3MnO3, which was grown in single-crystal form by a flux method. The material was found to order magnetically with applied-field strength below 175 K, but have zero remanence (M R ) as H→O, i.e., there was no spontaneous magnetization (M S ), only field-induced magnetization (M i ). A zero-field “insulator” to metal transition occurred at 146 K and this transition temperature (T 1M ) was found to increase with increasing field strength. The change in resistivity with field, ρO-ρH, normalized with respect to ρH, was 900% at 146 K and H = 5T. On application of hydrostatic pressure the zero-field resistivity decreased by 200%/GPa above room temperature. The electrical transport observed was consistent with a thermally-activated process, and this process was found to be relatively independent of pressure (0–4 GPa) in the temperature region (300 K–400 K) studied.
Towards the ultimate transistor

The first transistor, made more than 60 years ago at Bell Labs, was a couple of inches across. Today, a typical laptop computer uses a processor chip that contains well over a billion transistors, each one with electrodes separated by less than 50 nm of silicon, which is less than a thousandth of the diameter of a human hair. This continual drive for miniaturization, with the density of transistors doubling roughly every two years, was first noted by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in 1965, and has been such a mainstay of electronics development that it is now enshrined as "Moore's law". These billions of transistors are made by "top down" methods that involve depositing thin layers of materials, patterning nano-scale stencils and effectively carving away the unwanted bits. The incredible success of this approach is almost impossible to overstate. The end result is billions of individual components on a single chip, essentially all working perfectly and continuously for years on end. No other manufactured technology comes remotely close in reliability or cost-per-widget.
Advanced Detection Technologies

Alternative technologies for gamma-ray photon and neutron detectors are presented. First, new scintillator materials are discussed, with some of the underlying physics of the scintillation process in inorganic scintillators. The performance of some new materials such as strontium iodide and some lanthanum compounds are discussed, along with growth techniques for these materials. Both single cystal growth and methods for the manufacture of transparent ceramics are covered. Next, the development of room temperature solid-state detector materials is explored, with some general properties to guide the search for new ternary and quaternary compounds. Next, alternatives to \(^3\)He for neutron detection are discussed, including stilbene and new lithium compounds such as elpasolites. Finally, imaging techniques are explored. These include coded aperture arrays and Compton imaging detectors. The algorithms associated with coded aperture de-convolution are also discussed.
Intellectual Shamans: The intellectual shaman

Think for a minute about the people who attract you most. You want to spend time with them, listen to what they have to say. If they are academics, you want to read what they have written, go listen to their talks, even take their courses. In the particular context of this book, I am thinking of academics in the various disciplines associated with management, but you could be thinking of people in any field or from your personal life – or any number of academics whose stories I did not have room to include. These people have a light that shines out and becomes a form of what physicists might call a ‘strange attractor.’ It is a light of intellectual curiosity, a willingness to take risks, that guides them through their work and the questions they ask. It is a light that leads them to question the status quo and provide new ways of thinking or operating. It is a light that leads them to want to make the world a better place and, in the case of management academics, to do the research, thinking and theorizing, teaching, and writing that advance that desire. It is a light that enables them to see across boundaries and make connections that others have not made – and then make sense of those connections.
Socioecological Risk Predictors of Physical Activity and Associated Mortality

Purpose:To assess (1) the cumulative effect of socioecological factors (social risk) on objectively measured physical activity, (2) the cumulative socioecological risk on all-cause mortality, (3) t...
Assessing civilian perceptions of combat veterans: An IAT study.

Objective Evidence suggests that civilians may have considerable ambivalence to returning veterans. While civilians are frequently grateful for the service of military personnel, they can often be wary of the mental health and stability of returning veterans. If civilians do hold such negative biases toward veterans, whether implicit or explicit, this may have a significant impact on the ability of military personnel to integrate back into society. The goal of the study was to test whether participants held an implicit bias of mental instability toward veterans. Method In this study, 48 participants took an adapted version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). Pictures of veterans and civilians were paired with words that either reflected mental stability (safe, sane, reliable, responsible) or instability (crazy, dangerous, unstable, unpredictable). Results The results demonstrated a finding of moderate effect size for an association between veterans and instability. Participants had significantly shorter response times (RTs) for IAT blocks in which veteran pictures and negative words were paired. Conclusions This is the first study in the literature to demonstrate implicit biases of veterans as unstable. If implicit biases do in fact exist, the reintegration issues that veterans face may be due, at least in part, to a negative bias they face upon their return. (PsycINFO Database Record
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in children and adults in the US. Different NAFLD histological phenotypes have divergent hepatic outcomes, with those with NAFL having benign course, whereas those with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) being at risk for development of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Most patients with NAFLD are asymptomatic and commonly have other metabolic comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Liver biopsy is the current gold standard for establishing the diagnosis, determining the exact NAFLD phenotype and staging fibrosis. All patients with NAFLD will benefit from interventions to reduce body weight and improve control of associated metabolic conditions. Patients with NAFLD including those with elevated baseline liver tests are not at increased risk for severe hepatotoxicity from statins and these should be used when indicated. Therapies aimed specifically at improving liver injury are offered to patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH. In addition to weight loss by various modalities, the most tested effective therapies for patients with NASH, but no underlying cirrhosis or diabetes, are vitamin E and pioglitazone. Current evidence does not support the use of metformin, ursodeoxycholic acid, or long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as therapies for NASH. Obeticholic acid has recently emerged as a potential effective therapy for patients with NASH including those with diabetes, but additional studies to confirm efficacy and safety are awaited. Liver transplantation offers excellent graft and patient survival for well-selected NASH patients who develop liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma.
Research data services in european and north american libraries: current offerings and plans for the future

As management of research data becomes increasingly important to scholars and academic institutions, academic libraries can play a major role by offering research data services (RDS). This poster presents the results of a survey of the Ligue des Bibliotheques Europeennes de Recherche-Association of European Research Libraries (LIBER) academic member library directors to find out what types of RDS their libraries are currently offering and what services they plan to offer in the future. The survey found that while most of these libraries currently offer or are planning to offer at least some RDS, consultative or reference-type services are offered more often than are technical or hands-on services. Most of these libraries are in discussions regarding data policies, collaborate with other organizations within or outside their own institutions to offer RDS, and most provide support for RDS skills development for staff members. This poster discusses the implications of these findings and offers directions for future research.
Hebrew Card Production from RLIN Records at the Klau Library

While the RUN bibliographic utility fully supports display and search capabilities of Hebrew script in bibliographic records, its card program is not able to produce cards that include Hebrew script. Hebrew Union College Library commissioned the writing of software to utilize existing RLIN functions to download Hebrew script records for local card production. However, modifications of the records are required to accommodate the idiosyncrasies of both RLIN and the local software.
Modeling the intraurban variation in nitrogen dioxide in urban areas in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

Abstract Background With growing urbanization, traffic has become one of the main sources of air pollution in Nepal. Understanding the impact of air pollution on health requires estimation of exposure. Land use regression (LUR) modeling is widely used to investigate intraurban variation in air pollution for Western cities, but LUR models are relatively scarce in developing countries. In this study, we developed LUR models to characterize intraurban variation of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in urban areas of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, one of the fastest urbanizing areas in South Asia. Methods Over the study area, 135 monitoring sites were selected using stratified random sampling based on building density and road density along with purposeful sampling. In 2014, four sampling campaigns were performed, one per season, for two weeks each. NO 2 was measured using duplicate Palmes tubes at 135 sites, with additional information on nitric oxide (NO), NO 2 , and nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations derived from Ogawa badges at 28 sites. Geographical variables (e.g., road network, land use, built area) were used as predictor variables in LUR modeling, considering buffers 25–400 m around each monitoring site. Results Annual average NO 2 by site ranged from 5.7 to 120 ppb for the study area, with higher concentrations in the Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Kathmandu and Lalitpur than in Kirtipur, Thimi, and Bhaktapur, and with variability present within each VDC. In the final LUR model, length of major road, built area, and industrial area were positively associated with NO 2 concentration while normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was negatively associated with NO 2 concentration (R 2 =0.51). Cross-validation of the results confirmed the reliability of the model. Conclusions The combination of passive NO 2 sampling and LUR modeling techniques allowed for characterization of nitrogen dioxide patterns in a developing country setting, demonstrating spatial variability and high pollution levels.
The educational and career adjustment of Mexican-origin youth in the context of the 2007/2008 economic recession

Youth's transition out of high school is a complex process that is informed by youth's awareness of available opportunities and resources, social norms, and social belonging and responsibility. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study examined the educational and career adjustment (i.e., college attendance status, post-secondary education type, work status, and work quality) of Mexican-origin siblings who made the transition out of high school before (i.e., 2005 or earlier) or during the economic recession (i.e., 2007 or after). Participants were 246 Mexican-origin mothers, fathers, older siblings (50% female; 38% U.S. born), and younger siblings (51% female; 47% U.S. born). Our results showed that, even though siblings grew up in similar family environments, 2007 graduates (younger siblings) were less likely to attend college, be enrolled in a university compared to a community college, and reported working in lower quality jobs as compared to 2005 graduates (older siblings). Results also showed that high economic hardship reduced the adverse association between perceived discrimination and youth educational and career adjustment, and reduced the protective effect of family obligation values on youth adjustment.
Time-Kill Analysis of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Efficacy Against Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MP) strains in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are thought to initiate the chronic infection stage of CF and are associated with pulmonary function decline. The purpose of this study was to assess the susceptibility of MP strains to ceftolozane/tazobactam and the efficacy of ceftolozane/tazobactam against MP strains compared with those for standard-of-care antipseudomonal antibiotics. Ten clinical isolates of MP from CF patients were tested for susceptibility with Etest and time–kill analysis with ceftolozane/tazobactam compared with ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, tobramycin, and polymyxin B. The physiologic free peak concentrations were used in the time–kill experiments. Ceftolozane/tazobactam minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 0.032 to 1.5 mg/L. In the time–kill analysis, the mean starting inoculum for the isolates was 6.29 ± 0.22 log10 colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter. On average, ceftolozane/tazobactam, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, tobramycin, and polymyxin B all demonstrated bactericidal activity. With all isolates taken into account, polymyxin B, tobramycin, meropenem, and ceftolozane/tazobactam 3 g were the most potent, with reductions in inoculum of 5.07 ± 0.45, 4.58 ± 2.2, 4.76 ± 0.71, and 4.17 ± 0.94 log10 CFU/mL, respectively. Ceftolozane/tazobactam 1.5 g, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin reduced the starting inoculum by 3.74 ± 0.99, 3.42 ± 1.4, and 3.23 ± 2.0 log10 CFU/mL, respectively. Despite 90% susceptibility, ceftazidime was bactericidal against seven of ten strains, with an average reduction in starting inoculum of 2.91 ± 2.2 log10 CFU/mL. Ceftolozane/tazobactam activity against MP strains derived from CF patients was comparable to that of standard-of-care agents at both the 1.5-g dose and the 3-g dose. Further in vitro modeling and clinical trials are warranted.
Neurophysiological and behavioral studies of human-swarm interaction tasks

This paper studies human-swarm interaction performance by evaluating both the neurophysiological and behavioral characteristics of human subjects. By utilizing our unique test facility, we conduct a series of real-world-scenario-inspired tasks in which subjects are asked to guide a group of ground robots with various configurations to arrive at a sequence of randomly assigned targets. A range of neurophysiological and behavioral sensors are used to measure how cognitive states, e.g., cognitive load, behaviors, e.g., gazes, and performances, e.g., success rate, of human performs unfold in real time as the tasks evolve. Through an analysis of changes in gaze and cognitive load, we gain a wider understanding of the mechanisms of task failure; most notably the difficulty of estimating the complete state of the robotic group. The results of this study can help to inform the design of efficient interaction policies which can maximize task effectiveness between humans and robot swarms.
Support system for elderly care with ambient sensors in indoor environment

The aging society is becoming one of the global issues recently, and especially in Japan, more than 25% of its population is over 65 years old. However, there is not enough number of caregivers to deal with the rapid expansion of demands. To support caregivers, the introduction of ICT is progressing. However, some problems such as the invasion of privacy are pointed out. In this paper, an ambient sensor system is proposed to monitor elderly people without surveillance cameras. The system uses unique RFID tags which have a pressure sensing unit. Those tags are put at multi-point around elderly people and detect a change in the pressure environment. In addition, a cleaning robot is used to confirm the safety of an elderly person when detecting a fall. The system also monitors a position of the robot by putting a tag group. With those pressure sensing method and indoor positioning method of the robot, the system monitors elderly people's behavior without invading the privacy.
Small Molecules Targeting the VHL/Hypoxic Phenotype

The hypoxic phenotype, characterized by a variety of adaptations that cells make to low oxygen conditions, is a hallmark of solid tumors that serves as both a major challenge and a substantial opportunity in the treatment of cancer. These adaptations influence a wide range of cellular processes, including cell cycle, metabolism, oxygen delivery, proliferation, energy production, differentiation, replication, and sensitivity to growth and death signals. From a clinical perspective, the hypoxic phenotype results in more aggressive tumors that exhibit greater resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy and enhanced propensity to metastasize. At the cellular and molecular level, many of the adaptations to hypoxia are mediated by a single transcription factor, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF is predominantly regulated by the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. Mutation of VHL results in constitutive activation of HIF and a pseudo-hypoxic phenotype. Here, we review efforts to target either VHL or the hypoxic phenotype to identify pathways and agents as potential cancer therapeutics. Particular focus is given to distinguish between HIF-dependent and HIF-independent therapies.
Peasant, Environment and Maize “Modernization”

This chapter analyzes farm modernizing efforts placed in the 1970s by the Mexican national government in the Zacapoaxtla, Mexico region of Totonac and Nahua subsistence farmers. The case explores relations between environmental and political change, and the role that peasants play in that change. The postrevolutionary Mexican government began deliberately targeting peasants for such projects in the 1960s not only to increase food output in the country, but also to revive the regime’s populist self-representation and to squelch rising dissent. The Zacapoaxtla project began in 1974 with the priority placed on “modernizing” maize. By “modernizing” is meant the introduction of scientific technology such as hybrid seed, synthetic pesticides, and synthetic fertilizer that was the standard toolbox of the Green Revolution modernization programs. However, after the first three years of the program, the top priority placed on maize was abandoned by the technicians implementing the program in favor of the goal to organize peasants into marketing and purchasing cooperatives. Northern Sierra peasants rejected most of these proposed farm technologies, partly because the methods were environmentally and economically inappropriate. In this sense, the Zacapoaxtla environment conditioned the state project and therefore participated in political change
Fourier Blues: Structural Coloration of Biological Tissues

The non-pigmentary colors of the tissues of living organisms are produced by the physical interaction of light with nanostructures in the tissues. Contrary to what has been previously assumed for many decades, it has been established now that many of the beautiful blue and green colors observed in the tissues of mammals, birds, and butterflies are the result of coherent scattering or constructive interference. Using Fourier analysis one can show that many structurally colored tissues are quasi-ordered on the appropriate nanoscale to produce the observed colors by constructive interference. Understanding the mechanisms of coloration in animals is very important because of the role that bright colors play in communication, courtship display, and mate selection in many species of the animal kingdom. In this note we give an exposition of some of the extensive work done recently on nanomaterials with noncrystalline, local scale order. The focus of this article is, in particular, on a truly fascinating manifestation of Fourier analysis and synthesis in nature, which provides a way to explain coloration phenomena that are of interest in behavioral and evolutionary biology.
Examining Student Motivation in Saudi Arabia

Every year, thousands of people from all over the world travel to Saudi Arabia to teach English. As well, yearly, thousands of Saudi students receive a large portion of their English education from these expatriate teachers. Despite the millions of dollars spent on this educational process, the linguistic impact suffers greatly from a lack of understanding between teacher and student, often caused by undiscussed misconceptions. This paper is written in an effort to open a dialogue about the problems of motivation in the Saudi college and university prep-year programs. It analyzes student motivation using three different research techniques, and posits solutions to increase student performance at both the institutional and classroom level. In particular this paper asks the question of how much effect a foreign teacher can have on any one student given the vast differences that can exist between them. It seeks to situate the effect of a teacher on a student’s life amongst the effect of other factors that come into play including friends, family, educational background, socioeconomic class and religion. The results of the research are both expected and surprising, and imply a number of adjustments that can improve the educational experience for all stakeholders. 4 EAXMINING STUDENT MOTIVATION IN SAUDI ARABIA
Maximal temporal period of a periodic solution generated by a one-dimensional cellular automaton

We study one-dimensional cellular automata evolutions with both temporal and spatial periodicity. The main objective is to investigate the longest temporal periods among all two-neighbor rules, with a fixed spatial period $\sigma$ and number of states $n$. When $\sigma = 2, 3, 4$, or $6$, and we restrict the rules to be additive, the longest period can be expressed as the exponent of the multiplicative group of an appropriate ring. We also construct non-additive rules with temporal period on the same order as the trivial upper bound $n^\sigma$. Experimental results, open problems, and possible extensions of our results are also discussed.
S-Nitrosoglutathione Mimics the Beneficial Activity of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Derived Nitric Oxide in a Mouse Model of Stroke.

Abstract Background: The nitric oxide (NO)-producing activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a significant role in maintaining endothelial function and protecting against the stroke injury. However, the activity of the eNOS enzyme and the metabolism of major NO metabolite S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are dysregulated after stroke, causing endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether an administration of exogenous of GSNO or enhancing the level of endogenous GSNO protects against neurovascular injury in wild-type (WT) and eNOS-null (endothelial dysfunction) mouse models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Methods: Transient cerebral ischemic injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 minutes in male adult WT and eNOS null mice. GSNO (0.1 mg/kg body weight, intravenously) or N6022 (GSNO reductase inhibitor, 5.0 mg/kg body weight, intravenously) was administered 30 minutes before MCAO in preinjury and at the reperfusion in postinjury studies. Brain infarctions, edema, and neurobehavioral functions were evaluated at 24 hours after the reperfusion. Results: eNOS-null mice had a higher degree (P