cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Discrimination Using Qualitative Variables

Abstract The use of a linear function for discriminating with dichotomous variables is discussed and evaluated. Four such functions are considered: Fisher's linear discriminant function, two functions based upon a logistic model, and a function based upon the assumption of mutual independence of the variables. The evaluation of these functions as well as of a completely general multinomial procedure is carried out within the context of a 1st order interaction model by means of computer experiments. The product moment correlation of the optimal function with the linear function under evaluation plays a central role as a criterion for judging the relative merits of the procedures considered.
The influence of sketch quality on perception of product-idea creativity

This paper explores the relationship between the quality of a sketch and how others perceive the creativity of the idea portrayed by the sketch. In this study, sketch quality is characterized through its line work, perspective, and proportions. Four different toaster ideas were each sketched by four people with different backgrounds and levels of sketching proficiency. Then, 360 reviewers ranked the toasters for idea creativity, referring to a set of four sketches: one sketch for each toaster concept. The level of sketch quality for each toaster concept was varied among one of four quality levels. Higher quality idea sketches were found to correlate with higher creativity rank (p > 0.005), and lower quality sketches correlated with a lower creativity rank (p > 0.0005). A toaster idea portrayed with the highest quality level of sketch was 2.3 times more likely to be ranked as the most creative idea within the given set of idea sketches. The results underscore the importance of how an idea is presented, and support the need for sketching instruction in engineering and design curriculum.
Beam-loading susceptance

Computer solutions are obtained for the beam-loading susceptance produced by an electron beam traversing the gap between parallel conducting planes. Curves are presented showing average transit time versus space charge, and beam-loading susceptance versus space-charge-free transit time, with space charge as a parameter.
The Postwar Social Contract: Comment

The four papers presented in the American Historical Association's session on the postwar social contract collectively describe a major epoch in the history of advanced capitalism and the sociopolitical collaboration that underlay three decades of unprecedented postwar economic growth. After an era of depression, war, and turbulent or repressive politics, the four countries discussed achieved startling stabilization. The essay writers, who have each produced important historical analyses of their respective soci eties in the twentieth century, all agree that a broad social compact be tween capitalist entrepreneurs, delegates of working-class organizations, and political officials was critical to this outcome. Each writer takes pains to demonstrate the unique path that his respective society took toward the collaboration of capital and labor but still affirms the overriding pattern of social collaboration. "Exceptionalism," whether of a French, German, Japanese, or American sort, remains no greater than the normal di vergence of species within a common genus allows for. The United States remains unique by virtue of ethnic diversity, but is a participant in the larger trend, and indeed is perhaps not so important to the overall result as earlier works dealing with its Cold War role might suggest. Collectively the four papers offer a history of capitalist convergence. Most of the other countries of Western Europe and the British Commonwealth, I believe, might validly be included in the overall model. It would be interesting to ask to what degree Latin American societies could also be assimilated. What were the historical bases of the postwar compact that these papers all accept? While each writer demonstrates the internal pressures to overcome earlier confrontational behavior between capital and labor, each concedes a key role for the United States, which was committed to an ideological struggle against communist parties and unions oriented toward Soviet preferences. Although it plays a less significant role in West Ger many, each author highlights the division within the labor movement such that a strategically important group of "moderate," or noncommunist, union leaders accepted a corporatist accommodation with managers on behalf of economic growth and wage increases linked to growth: what I have described as (as the papers generously acknowledge) "the politics of productivity." In effect, those labor leaders willing to endorse a postwar social compact for growth accepted a linkage of wages to productivity, whereas between 1944 and 1947 many had sought to redistribute social product (or at least to defend real wages in a period of inflation) by labor militancy.
Development and Strategy: Aid Allocation in an Interdependent World

This paper develops and tests the argument that industrialized countries pursue an agenda of strategic development in their relations with developing countries. In an increasingly interdependent world, wealthy states have an interest in promoting development abroad. This leads them to focus on development, but disproportionately in the poorer states where the benefit from development to the wealthy states is higher. Hypotheses are tested in the area of foreign aid, where evidence is found that donors alter the composition of aid across recipients to account for different levels of government capacity to use aid for development, but also increase the volume of aid flows to developing countries with which they have strong existing connections. The attention to government capacity is new, suggesting that in an interdependent world relations between industrialized and developing countries have evolved, with development promotion becoming an important, strategic goal for industrialized states.
Hyperbolic Cooling Towers Under Seismic Design Load

A membrane theory analysis for shells formed by a hyperboloid of revolution is presented. Static seismic design load and dead load are considered and expressions are derived for both of these loading conditions. The boundary conditions applicable to these stresses and displacements are examined. Charts showing the influence of various shell parameters on the stress resultants and displacements, and tables giving the values of these quantities for a wide range of shell parameters are presented as design aids.
631 NASOPHARYNGEAL LYMPHOEPITHELIOMA

Nine previously unreported cases of lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx are presented. Mean age at diagnosis was 13.6 yrs. (range 9-19 yrs). Seven patients were black and 5 were male. Symptoms were present from 6 wks.-4 mos. (X 2.7 mos.) prior to diagnosis and included painful adenopathy, carache or trismus in 7 patients. Only one had metastases beyond the cervical nodes (pulmonary) at diagnosis. Treatment consisted of radiation to the nasopharynx (5290-7000 rad) and neck (4780-6500 rad). Chemotherapy regimens varied, but all included adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. The patient with pulmonary metastases also received lung irradiation. Follow-up has ranged from 2-36 mos. (X 20.3 mos.). Two patients have died, 22 and 14 mos. post-diagnosis. The first developed local recurrence and distant metastases at 20 mos. The second, who presented with distant metastases, died of progressive pulmonary disease despite good local control. One patient had cervical and orbital metastases at 8 mos., received an additional 3000 rads, and is disease-free at 32 mos. Six patients remain disease-free from 2-36 mos. (X 19 mos.). We conclude that: 1. Although a delayed diagnosis is common, the prognosis is favorable when disease is localized. 2. The primary treatment is radiation to the tumor and regional lymphatics bilaterally. The benefit of adjunct chemotherapy is in doubt.
Discussion on the Work of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring in Retail Pharmacy

By describing the status quo of drug adverse reaction(ADR) monitoring in retail pharmacy, analyzed the problems and necessity and provided relevant references for strengthening the ADR monitoring of retail pharmacy in our country.
219 OLFACTORY STIMULI AND CHANGES TO THE CEREBRAL BLOOD VOLUME IN THE PRETERM INFANT.

Introduction The olfactory system is well structured at 32-34 weeks of gestation, but it has not been described if this system is operational earlier and/or if it undergoes progressive maturation with increasing postconceptional age. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the maturational process of the NIRS cortical response to olfactory stimuli in the premature infant. Our hypothesis is that the premature infant will have progressive changes in the cortical response directly related to postconceptional gestational age (PCA). Methods We included infants between 27 and 31 weeks of gestation who were extubated and without evidence of intraventricular bleed or periventricular leukomalacia. The first NIRS measurement was done at the time of recruitment and thereafter every 2 weeks if extubated and clinically stable, until the infant reached 33 weeks PCA. NIRS monitoring (NIRO-300 Hamamatsu) was done by placing two optodes abovethe left anterior orbitofrontal gyri (LAOFG). Each recording consists of baseline (BL) for 120 sec followed by 60 sec of a smell stimulus (vanilla) subsequently followed by negative control (NC) with 60 sec of distilled water. This was followed by exposure to a different smell stimulus (benzoin tincture) for 60 sec followed by another NC. We measured the relative changes of [Hb O2],[Hb H] y [Cyt aa3] every 5 seconds. The last measurement was done in a random cortical area to assess if the response was limited to the olfactory area. ANOVA was used to analyze the variance between groups. Associated probability between PCA and the magnitude of the response to stimuli was done by linear regression and correlation coefficient. Significance, p Results Seventeen experiments have been done so far in 7 infants. Gestational age at birth was 28 6 1.9 and PCA at time of study ranged from 27 to 32 weeks. During exposure to both olfactory stimuli, there were no changes in the areas not related to the olfactory region. However, in all infants both olfactory stimuli produced a significant increase in [Hb O2] and a significant decrease of [Hb H] as compared with BL (p Conclusions There are changes in regional cerebral blood volume associated with olfactory stimuli in the preterm infant
Preparations for AIDS vaccine trials. Developing brief valid screening instruments for HIV-related sexual risk behavior among gay and bisexual men

Enrolling and tracking cohorts for HIV vaccine efficacy trials requires that participants disclose behaviors that place them at risk for exposure to HIV. Brief screening procedures have been suggested for this purpose. In a previous study gay and bisexual men in three U.S. cities reported unprotected anal intercourse on a brief screening instrument. Screen reports were compared to subsequent in-depth, face-to-face interview data; 29% of the men who reported unprotected anal intercourse during the interview failed to disclose this behavior during screening. For recruitment into an HIV vaccine feasibility study at the same study sites, screening procedures were modified to encourage accurate reporting: to lessen stigma, low risk as well as high risk sexual behaviors were assessed, and screens were administered by trained study staff who presented it as a tool for understanding the gay community. Failures to disclose risk decreased to 18%, a rate that, while lower than in the previous study, remains high. Men less likely to disclose unprotected sex during the screen engaged in fewer high risk sexual behaviors, had more stringent norms regarding sexual safety, and were less identified with the gay community than were men who disclosed unprotected sex. Failure to disclose risk may have significant implications for participant selection and behavior tracking during vaccine trials. More systematic assessments that are sensitive to target communities may facilitate disclosure.
Efficient Broadband Simulation of Fluid-Structure Coupling for Membrane-Type Acoustic Transducer Arrays Using the Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm

A boundary element model provides great flexibility for the simulation of membrane-type micromachined ultrasonic transducers (MUTs) in terms of membrane shape, actuating mechanism, and array layout. Acoustic crosstalk is accounted for through a mutual impedance matrix that captures the primary crosstalk mechanism of dispersive-guided modes generated at the fluid-solid interface. However, finding the solution to the fully populated boundary element matrix equation using standard techniques requires computation time and memory usage that scales by the cube and by the square of the number of nodes, respectively, limiting simulation to a small number of membranes. We implement a solver with improved speed and efficiency through the application of a multilevel fast multipole algorithm (FMA). By approximating the fields of collections of nodes using multipole expansions of the free-space Green’s function, an FMA solver can enable the simulation of hundreds of thousands of nodes while incurring an approximation error that is controllable. Convergence is drastically improved using a problem-specific block-diagonal preconditioner. We demonstrate the solver’s capabilities by simulating a 32-element 7-MHz 1-D capacitive MUT (CMUT) phased array with 2880 membranes. The array is simulated using 233280 nodes for a very wide frequency band up to 50 MHz. For a simulation with 15210 nodes, the FMA solver performed ten times faster and used 32 times less memory than a standard solver based on LU decomposition. We investigate the effects of mesh density and phasing on the predicted array response and find that it is necessary to use about seven nodes over the width of the membrane to observe convergence of the solution—even below the first membrane resonance frequency—due to the influence of higher order membrane modes.
Wood for Burning: The Continuity of Woodland Management in Medieval and Early Modern France

This essay argues that over the last five or six centuries of the preindustrial era northern French patterns of woodland management, which prioritized the production of fuelwood, were more stable than is usually thought. Regulations were gradually tightened, most famously in the Forest Ordinance of 1669, but such administrative reforms aimed primarily to reassert the state’s authority and improve its finances. Silvicultural techniques themselves changed only incrementally, and more often as the result of market forces than of central planning. Early modern norms of woodland management had much deeper and broader sources than the tendency to trace them to royal initiative suggests. The French state appropriated and standardized practices that were in many cases already common by the thirteenth century. This essay focuses on the pervasiveness of coppicing, the enduring norms governing tree density and species, and the persistence of use rights.
Pharmacological targeting of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in prostate cancer bone metastasis

Background The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis transactivates HER2 and promotes intraosseous tumor growth. To further explore the transactivation of HER2 by CXCL12, we investigated the role of small GTP protein Gαi2 in Src and HER2 phosphorylation in lipid raft membrane microdomains and the significance of CXCR4 in prostate cancer bone tumor growth.
Accelerating the Growth of the Next Generation of Innovators

Business accelerators, such as Y Combinator, TechStars and 500 Startups, are hot commodities among aspiring entrepreneurs. Admission into these and other premium accelerators is often more competitive than admission into the United States' most respected business schools.' Entrepreneurs recognize that participation in these programs provides them with a wealth of resources, contacts and financing they may not have access to on their own, and that these resources may spell the difference between success and failure of their startups.
Postural Syncope and Constipation: An Unusual Presentation of a Duodenal Dieulafoy’s Lesion

Dieulafoy lesions are a rare etiology of gastrointestinal bleeding from a large caliber-persistent tortuous submucosal artery. They account for 1-2% of all causes of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage with 80%-95% of these lesions located in the stomach along the lesser curvature. One-third of these lesions present at an extragastric location, with the proximal duodenum accounting for 15% of them. We present a 21-year-old male with no significant past medical history or risk factors, who presented with repeated syncopal episodes followed by hematemesis, found to have a Dieulafoy lesion located at the duodenal bulb. This lesion was diagnosed and successfully treated via upper endoscopy with epinephrine injection and the application of 2 endoscopic clips.
Quality Individual Stock Investing Versus Index Investing

Much discussion exists concerning how best to accumulate wealth resulting in financial independence. These methods include investing in properties or collectibles, but such are not realistic for the average person due to substantial costs and a lack of liquidity. The most practical way for the general public to accumulate wealth is equity stock investing. However, the correct investing strategy must be utilized. This paper develops such a strategy and then compares its results to the results of investing in a market basket of stocks through a quality index and determines which strategy works best long-term.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Octanoic Acid Response in Drosophila sechellia Using RNA-Sequencing

The dietary specialist fruit fly Drosophila sechellia has evolved to specialize on the toxic fruit of its host plant Morinda citrifolia . Toxicity of Morinda fruit is primarily due to high levels of octanoic acid (OA). Using RNA interference (RNAi), prior work found that knockdown of Osiris family genes Osiris 6 ( Osi6 ), Osi7 , and Osi8 led to increased susceptibility to OA in adult D. melanogaster flies, likely representing genes underlying a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) for OA resistance in D. sechellia . While genes in this major effect locus are beginning to be revealed, prior work has shown at least five regions of the genome contribute to OA resistance. Here, we identify new candidate OA resistance genes by performing differential gene expression analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) on control and OA-exposed D. sechellia flies. We found 104 significantly differentially expressed genes with annotated orthologs in D. melanogaster , including six Osiris gene family members, consistent with previous functional studies and gene expression analyses. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment showed significant enrichment for cuticle development in upregulated genes and significant enrichment of immune and defense responses in downregulated genes, suggesting important aspects of the physiology of D. sechellia that may play a role in OA resistance. In addition, we identified five candidate OA resistance genes that potentially underlie QTL peaks outside of the major effect region, representing promising new candidate genes for future functional studies.
Trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the United States 2007–2014

Abstract Background Recent trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among U.S. adults are not known. Methods We performed an updated analysis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014 data to investigate the latest trends of prevalence of MetS and its components. MetS was defined based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multiple regression models were used to assess linear trends over the years, after adjusting for sex, age, and race/ethnicity, as appropriate. Sampling weights were considered to account for complex sampling design, and all estimates were adjusted by age by a direct method. Results During 2007–2014, the age-adjusted weighted prevalence (±standard error) of MetS among U.S. adults was 34.3 ± 0.8%. In age-stratified analysis, 54.9 ± 1.7% of elderly population aged 60 and over had MetS. When evaluating trends from 2007 to 2014, the prevalence of MetS remained stable in all sex, age, and race/ethnicity groups ( P -trends > 0.100 for all). Among the components of MetS, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and fasting hyperglycemia decreased ( P -trend P -trend = 0.009). The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level remained stable. Conclusions The prevalence of MetS remained stable during 2007–2014. However, it was still prevalent in the U.S., especially among the elderly population. The prevalence of abdominal obesity continued to increase in women for which more efforts should be made.
Identification of Polypeptide Environment of the Prosthetic Group of Hemoproteins

ABSTRACT Any study of the mechanism of action of hemoproteins requires a detailed understanding of the heme prosthetic group and its environment within the protein. Short of a complete primary amino acid sequence and X-ray crystallography study, it is difficult to establish the environment of the heme because it is not covalently linked and the conformation of the protein is unknown. In order to provide a tool to distinguish the protein environment of the prosthetic group of hemo-protein, we have explored the use of the reagent 1-thio-4-azido benzene. The procedure is based upon the fact that sulfhemoprotein can be readily generated in many hemoproteins and the sulf derivative is covalently linked to the prosthetic group. The sulf derivative of the hemoprotein can be purified and freed of excess reagent. The hemoprotein derivative prepared in this way can then be activated by ultraviolet irradiation to produce the free radical nitrene which will react non-selectively with the peptide chain in its immediate environment. The polypeptide chain can then be systematically degraded, and that portion of the protein which comprises the active center of the molecule can be identified.
Long lived radionuclidic impurities in FASTlab F-18 FDG citrate

1197 Objectives Previously published long lived radionuclidic impurity analyses were from silver targets with havar foils at low current and using older FDG synthesis modules. The authors believe this to be the first report of long lived radionulcidic impurities on the FASTlab FDG synthesis unit using high yield F-18 niobium targets with havar foils. Methods A total of 3 FDG lots produced using the FASTlab FDG citrate cassette were analyzed after a 14 day decay period. Approximately 12Ci of F-18 fluoride was produced by dual target bombardment of >97% H218O at 50µA per target for 3 hrs. Standard FDG syntheses were conducted and all specifications were met for clinical use. At 14 days, a 1mL aliquot of the FDG was counted on a high purity germanium spectrometer for 2 hours. Non-background photopeaks in the spectra were identified, integrated and converted to absolute radioactivity units. The measured activities were corrected to FDG lot expiration, 12 hours post end of synthesis. Results The following radionuclides were detected in each lot: Co-56, Co-57, Co-58, Cr-51, Mn-54, Tc-95m, Re-183 and Re-184. The largest average radionuclidic impurity was Re-183 (187nCi), with the average sum of radionuclidic impurities of 348nCi per lot, an average of 0.041% contaminant level at lot expiration. Conclusions The work presented here shows a higher detected level of long-lived radionuclidic impurities in the FDG formulation than previously reported. Some shorter lived impurities may have been missed due to the 14 day decay. The reported level is well below NRC and USP regulatory limits for long lived radionuclidic impurities. The higher level of impurities is postulated to originate from the elution of QMA SPE, as the FASTlab, unlike previously reported systems, elutes the QMA using a flow in the opposite direction from F18 loading. This would allow impurities trapped at the top of the QMA to be carried into the FDG synthesis. The long lived radionuclidic impurities are consistent with being produced in the havar foils during bombardment.
Biosynthesis and processing of mitochondrial glutaminase in HTC hepatoma cells

Rat HTC hepatoma cells were used to characterize the biosynthesis and processing of the renal isoenzyme of the mitochondrial glutaminase. Immunoblot analysis indicated that mitochondria isolated from HTC cells contained two prominent glutaminase peptides of 68 and 65 kDa and two minor peptides of 61 and 58 kDa. When the cells were labelled with [35S]methionine, the glutaminase-specific antibodies precipitated the same four polypeptides. However, when labelled in the presence of 5 microM-carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, only a 72 kDa cytoplasmic precursor of the mitochondrial glutaminase was immunoprecipitated. A comparison of the peptides generated by partial proteolysis of the precursor and the fully processed peptides indicates significant structural similarity. A 71 kDa form of the glutaminase was also observed when HTC cells were pulse-labelled for 2-6 min with [35S]methionine. Pulse-chase experiments indicate that the cytoplasmic precursor is quantitatively converted into the mature forms of the glutaminase. In addition, the observed kinetics established that the 71 kDa peptide is a true intermediate in the import of the mitochondrial glutaminase.
High-Fidelity Simulation Training for the Diagnosis and Management of Adverse Contrast Media Reactions.

OBJECTIVE. Adverse reactions to contrast media are potentially life-threatening events that require prompt recognition and management by radiologists who may have little experience with them. The o...
The passage of time in work-family research: Toward a more dynamic perspective

Abstract We review the design features of work-family/nonwork conflict research that incorporates the passage of time (i.e., lagged, longitudinal, experience sampling). Findings indicate that although the number of studies that incorporate time in their design has increased in recent years, time-based design features such as the length of time between data collections and the number of waves of data collected are often arbitrarily selected. We discuss implications for these findings, provide recommendations for the design of future studies, and provide suggestions for future research.
Privacy Preserving Online Social Networks using Enhanced Equicardinal Clustering

Recent trends show that the popularity of online social networks (OSNs) has been increasing rapidly. From daily communication sites to online communities, an average person's daily life has become dependent on these online networks. Hence, it has become evident that protection should be provided to these networks from unwanted intruders. In this paper, we consider data privacy on online social networks at the network level rather than user level. This network level privacy helps us to prevent information leakage to third-party users like advertisers. We propose a novel scheme that combines both node and edge privacy of the OSN by clustering the similar users. We further improve traditional clustering by utilizing the concept of k-anonymity. Our enhanced equicardinal clustering ensures that there are at least k users in any given network. We further provide proofs on how the proposed equicardinal clustering ensures k-anonymity and the maximum information loss. With the help of two real-world data sets, we evaluate this method in terms of privacy and efficiency.
Cognitively-inspired Agent-based Service Composition for Mobile & Pervasive Computing

Automatic service composition in mobile and pervasive computing faces many challenges due to the complex and highly dynamic nature of the environment. Common approaches consider service composition as a decision problem whose solution is usually addressed from optimization perspectives which are not feasible in practice due to the intractability of the problem, limited computational resources of smart devices, service host's mobility, and time constraints to tailor composition plans. Thus, our main contribution is the development of a cognitively-inspired agent-based service composition model focused on bounded rationality rather than optimality, which allows the system to compensate for limited resources by selectively filtering out continuous streams of data. Our approach exhibits features such as distributedness, modularity, emergent global functionality, and robustness, which endow it with capabilities to perform decentralized service composition by orchestrating manifold service providers and conflicting goals from multiple users. The evaluation of our approach shows promising results when compared against state-of-the-art service composition models.
Semistable reduction for overconvergent F -isocrystals, III: Local semistable reduction at monomial valuations

We complete our proof that given an overconvergent F-isocrystal on a variety over a field of positive characteristic, one can pull back along a suitable generically finite cover to obtain an isocrystal which extends, with logarithmic singularities and nilpotent residues, to some complete variety. We also establish an analogue for F-isocrystals overconvergent inside a partial compactification. By previous results, this reduces to solving a local problem in a neighborhood of a valuation of height 1 and residual transcendence degree zero. We do this by studying the variation of some numerical invariants attached to p-adic differential modules, analogous to the irregularity of a complex meromorphic connection. This allows for an induction on the transcendence defect of the valuation, i.e., the discrepancy between the dimension of the variety and the rational rank of the valuation.
Lynching the Narrative: Barack Obama, Selma, and the Myth of American Exceptionalism

This analysis of Barack Obama’s “Address on the 50th Anniversary of the Selma, Alabama March” argues that the president used the African oral element of nommo to locate the civil rights protest wit...
The Effect of Norm-Encounter Compatability On Crowding Perceptions, Experience and Behavior in River Recreation Settings

The concept of social norms has been used to identify the acceptable levels of use for outdoor recreation settings. Little research, however, has addressed whether norms are the basis of evaluation...
Desensitization of regulatory enzymes by a metabolite of plant auxin.

Abstract 3-Methyleneoxindole, a metabolite in plants of the natural auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, has been found to desensitize several regulatory enzymes to feedback inhibition by their ultimate end products. As such effects could accelerate rate-limiting reactions, it has been suggested that increases in metabolism and growth by plant auxin may be the result of its enzymatic conversion to 3-methyleneoxindole.
Catullus, Cicero, and a Society of Patrons: The Generation of the Text

Machine generated contents note: Introduction; Part I. How to Write about Writing: 1. When? Otium as 'time to write'; 2. What? Munus as the 'gift of duty'; 3. Where? Libellus: polished and published; Part II. The Textualization of Display: 4. The problem with liberal performance; 5. From public display to textual display; 6. The poetics of literary obligation; Part III. The Materialization of the Text: 7. An object of Catullan affection; 8. Brutus: the dialogic personification of the Republican voice; Epilogue; Appendix: what 'society of patrons?' A prosopography of the players.
The application of computer-based tools in obtaining the genetic family history

Family health history is both an adjunct to and a focus of current genetic research, having long been known to be a powerful predictor of individual disease risk. As such, it has been primarily used as a proxy for genetic information. Over the past decade, new roles for family history have emerged, perhaps most importantly as a primary tool for guiding decision-making on the use of expensive genetic testing. The collection of family history information is an important but time-consuming process. Efforts to engage the patient or research subject in preliminary data collection have the potential to improve data accuracy and allow clinicians and researchers more time for analytic tasks. The U.S. Surgeon General, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and others have developed tools for electronic family history collection. This unit describes the utility of the Web-based My Family Health Portrait (https://familyhistory.hhs.gov) as the prototype for patient-entered family history.
Ethnic Identity and Engagement in Embodied Conversational Agents

In this paper we present the design, development and initial evaluation of a virtual peer that models ethnicity through culturally authentic verbal and non-verbal behaviors. The behaviors chosen for the implementation come from an ethnographic study with African-American and Caucasian children and the evaluation of the virtual peer consists of a study in which children interacted with an African American or a Caucasian virtual peer and then assessed its ethnicity. Results suggest that it may be possible to tip the ethnicity of a embodied conversational agent by changing verbal and non-verbal behaviors instead of surface attributes, and that children engage with those virtual peers in ways that have promise for educational applications.
An Exploration of How Technology Use Influences Outdoor Recreation Choices

The purpose of this research was to determine if there is a need for technology to be accessible to people who visit parks and outdoor recreation sites. An online snowball and hard copy sample of 73 people completed a 29-item questionnaire assessing outdoor activities and the internal and external factors that surround those activities. Visual inspection of the percentage of people involved in each outdoor activity revealed that a majority of the sample population spent their outdoor recreation time hiking, camping and visiting National Parks. A Pearson product-moment correlation revealed that the number of times people participated in these outdoor activities had no correlation to their use of technology. T-test results indicated that how a person feels about their outdoor experience is not affected by whether they use technology. Overall, the study revealed that outdoor recreation choices are not affected by whether a person uses technology or not.
The Light-induced Proton Uptake in Bovine Retinal Outer Segment Fragments

Abstract Fragments of bovine retinal outer segments (ROS) containing intact photoreceptor discs took up protons from an aqueous medium upon illumination. Proton uptake in the light required the presence in the ROS of unbleached rhodopsin. After light exposure had bleached the visual pigment, it no longer absorbed light and proton uptake did not occur. The action spectrum of the proton uptake conformed to the unbleached minus bleached difference spectrum of the ROS. Moreover, reconstitution of the visual pigment by incubating the bleached ROS in darkness with 11-cis retinal resulted in recovery of the light-induced proton uptake. In the presence of Triton X-100, the ROS membranes became dispersed, but the light-induced proton uptake persisted below about pH 6. However, at higher pH release of protons from the dispersed ROS was observed. The stoichiometric ratio between protons taken up or released and rhodopsin bleached could be experimentally changed from more than 5 taken up to about 3 released in Triton X-100. This finding does not provide support for a proposal offered by previous investigators that a light-induced pH increase was attributable to uptake of exactly 1 proton per molecule of visual pigment bleached.
BIOMECHANICAL ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY USING ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

The purpose of this paper is to describe a combination of state-of-the-art detailed accident investigation procedures, computerized vehicle crash and occupant modelling, and biomechanical analysis of human injury causation into a method for obtaining enhanced biomechanical data from car crashes. Four accident cases, out of eighteen investigated, were selected for detailed reconstruction. Three were frontal impacts while the fourth was lateral. The CRASH II and MVMA 2-D analytical models were used in the reconstruction process. Occupant motions, force interactions with vehicle components, accelerations on the various body segments, and much other information was produced in the simulation process and is reported in this paper along with scene and injury data from the accidents. The major conclusion reached was that the reconstructions, using largely preliminary data for the occupant and vehicle, were evaluated and the dynamic loadings predicted for application to the car occupants yielded injury results which were generally within accepted ranges of human tolerance data. Additional conclusions were reached about the quality of data describing the occupant, car, and accident needed for analytical reconstruction. For the covering abstract of the conference see HS-036 716. (Author/TRRL)
Mechanisms for Memory-Guided Behavior Involving Persistent Firing and Theta Rhythm Oscillations in the Entorhinal Cortex

Interactions of hippocampal and parahippocampal regions are important for memory-guided behavior. Understanding the role of these structures requires understanding the interaction of populations of neurons, including the cellular properties of neurons in structures such as the entorhinal cortex. Recent data and modeling suggest an important role for cellular mechanisms of persistent spiking and membrane potential oscillations in medial entorhinal cortex, both in mechanisms for spatial navigation and for episodic memory function. Both persistent firing and membrane potential oscillations may provide mechanisms for path integration at a cellular level based on speed-modulated head direction as a velocity signal. This path integration process thereby provides a potential mechanism for grid cell firing properties in medial entorhinal cortex. Incorporation of these processes into a larger scale model allows simulation of mechanisms for sequence encoding and episodic memory.
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase BINDING OF FOLATE SUBSTRATES AND KINETICS OF THE REVERSE REACTION

Abstract During the fermentation of purines by Clostridium acidi-urici and Clostridium cylindrosporum, formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase is thought to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from (l)-10-formyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate, ADP, and Pi. The reaction is energetically less favorable in this direction under conditions tested with the isolated enzyme. To further investigate the plausibility of this pathway, the kinetic parameters of the reaction in the direction of ATP synthesis were measured and the binding properties of the folate substrate and product, (l)-10-formyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate and (l)-tetrahydropteroyltriglutamate, were investigated. Both folate coenzymes bind with a strong affinity to four identical, noninteracting sites per mole of enzyme. These sites are presumed to be the active sites, and their number is consistent with the tetrameric structure of the enzyme. The 10-formyl derivative also binds to additional sites, but with a lower affinity. This additional binding does not occur at the nucleotide binding site. Competition experiments were performed to determine the relative affinities of tetrahydrofolate and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate. The presence of the additional 2 γ-glutamyl residues results in approximately a 100-fold increase in binding affinity of the formylated and a 200-fold increase in binding affinity for the unformylated triglutamyl compounds. The unreduced pteroyltriglutamate was bound by the enzyme but with 10-fold lower affinity than the reduced derivative. Comparison of the Michaelis constants for 10-formyltetrahydrofolate and 10-formyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate confirms the 100-fold difference in affinities. Both the mono- and triglutamyl derivatives were deformylated with the same maximal velocity, suggesting that the 2 additional γ-glutamyl residues are bound at a noncatalytic subsite. The results of kinetic experiments indicate that the enzyme can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of ATP and that the relative concentrations of formylated and unformylated folate coenzymes may be a significant regulatory parameter in the purine-fermenting Clostridia.
New species of Clade B Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) from the greater Caribbean belong to different functional guilds: S. aenigmaticum sp. nov., S. antillogorgium sp. nov., S. endomadracis sp. nov., and S. pseudominutum sp. nov.

Molecular approaches have begun to supersede traditional morphometrics in the species delineation of micro-eukaryotes. In addition to fixed differences in DNA sequences, recent genetics-based descriptions within the dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium have incorporated confirmatory morphological, physiological, and ecological evidence when possible. However, morphological and physiological data are difficult to collect from species that have not been cultured, while the natural ecologies of many cultured species remain unknown. Here, we rely on genetic evidence—the only data consistently available among all taxa investigated—to describe four new Clade B Symbiodinium species. The ‘host-specialized’ species (S. antillogorgium sp. nov. and S. endomadracis sp. nov.) engage in mutualisms with specific cnidarian hosts, but exhibit differences in our ability to culture them in vitro. The ecologically ‘cryptic’ species (S. aenigmaticum sp. nov. and S. pseudominutum sp. nov.) thrive in culture, but their roles or functions in the ecosystem (i.e., niches) are yet to be documented. These new species call further attention to the spectrum of ecological guilds among Symbiodinium.
Function, Structure, and Biogenesis of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase

Publisher Summary This chapter briefly reviews some recent advances in the areas of the subunit structure and the different functions of the ATP synthase, but focuses mainly on the roles of mitochondrial and nuclear gene products in biogenesis of the mitochondrial enzyme. Most of the discussion related to biogenesis will be centered on the ATP synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as it is studies of this particular enzyme that have provided much of the currently available information on this topic. As a facultative anaerobe, S. cerevisiae is well suited for such studies because it can survive on fermentable carbon sources in the absence of mitochondrial respiration or oxidative phosphorylation. While all ATP synthases have similar gross structures and catalytic mechanism, the mitochondrial enzymes have acquired a set of subunit polypeptides during evolution that are absent in bacteria and chloroplasts. The subunit compositions of the mammalian and S. cerevisiae F1F0 are almost identical, underscoring the usefulness of yeast as a model for gaining information relevant to mitochondrial ATP synthases in higher eukaryotes. The appreciation of the importance of the ATP synthase, not only in energy metabolism, but also in other aspects of mitochondrial and cellular function, has likewise increased, mainly as a result of information gained from biochemical and genetic studies of S. cerevisiae. The dependence on the F1F0 complex of mtDNA integrity and cristae structure and the essentiality of F1 for maintaining Dc under both Δψ respiring and nonrespiring conditions are examples of the key role the ATPase plays in mitochondrial structure and function.
Characterization of antinociception produced by glutamate microinjection in the nucleus tractus solitarius and the nucleus reticularis ventralis

Four experiments examined the role of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and subjacent nucleus reticularis ventralis (NRV) in the production of antinociception. Experiment 1 showed that microinjection of glutamate (50 nmol) into the caudal NTS resulted in inhibition of the tail-flick reflex, hypotension, and mild bradycardia, whereas microinjection of glutamate into the rostral NTS resulted only in hypotension and mild bradycardia. Microinjections of glutamate into the NRV resulted in inhibition of the tail-flick reflex, hypertension, and mild bradycardia. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the magnitude of the antinociceptive and cardiovascular responses resulting from glutamate microinjections into both the depressor and pressor regions were dose dependent. Experiment 3 showed that the antinociceptive effects resulting from microinjections of glutamate into either the depressor or pressor regions could not be antagonized by phentolamine (30 micrograms), methysergide (30 micrograms), or naloxone (30 micrograms) alone, but the combined intrathecal administration of phentolamine and methysergide (7.5, 15, or 30 micrograms of each) attenuated the antinociception resulting from microinjection of glutamate into either depressor or pressor regions in a dose-dependent fashion. Experiment 4 showed that systemic administration of hexamethonium blocked the pressor response produced by microinjection of glutamate into the NRV but did not reduce the antinociceptive effect of the microinjection. These findings are consistent with a role for the NTS and NRV in the production of antinociception.
Certain Privilege: Rethinking White Agency

In a class discussion about the subtle effects of racism on the ability of people of color to reasonably navigate the world, one black woman said of such situations, “you never know.” While another black woman responded, “if you never know, you do know,” other women of color preferred the initial observation and held that their uneasiness, particularly in situations where white people were the numerical majority, hinged on not knowing, as opposed to knowing, what the contours of interactions would be. The uncertain situations these women describe are not easy situations in which to be, but I will argue that suspicion, uneasiness, and careful interpretive strategies can be useful to white people attempting to work against racism. In part, what I am suggesting is that there is a pedagogical use to the kind of “never knowing” my student raised. By centering “not knowing” as opposed to the more usual pedagogical goal of “knowing,” we might begin to work against the place of white privilege in defining what is useful to know and what should be known. Moving the burden of discomfort and uncertainty onto white people is a better strategy for confronting the problems of racism than concentrating on making white people comfortable in the struggle against racism.
Giant Paraesophageal Hernia: Thoracic, Open Abdominal, or Laparoscopic Approach

Paraesophageal hernias represent approximately 5% of all hiatal hernias. The vast majority of hiatal hernias are type I, or sliding, hiatal hernias, which are characterized by a gastroesophageal junction that migrates through the hiatus. Paraesophageal hernias are commonly classified as type II or type III hiatal hernias. Type II hiatal hernias are true paraesophageal hernias in which the gastroesophageal junction maintains its normal anatomical position, whereas the fundus (and/or another organ) migrates through the hiatus. Type III, or mixed, hiatal hernias represent a combination of types I and II, in which the gastroesophageal junction and the fundus (and/or another organ) both herniate through the hiatal defect.
Some Assembly Required: The Latourian Collective and the Banal Work of Technical and Professional Communication

In this article, the author uses the critical vocabulary developed by Bruno Latour in his recent work Politics of Nature to offer an alternative way for technical and professional communicators to approach and articulate their work. Using the Discovery Channel's Mythbusters to explore Latour's vocabulary, the author argues that positioning technical and professional communication as more than transmitting and translating, but instead as the collecting of articulated propositions about the common world in service of the common good, thoroughly grounds its practice in rhetorical theory. Such a positioning also ascribes value to technical and professional communication without reinscribing the false dichotomy between science and politics.