cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Review Symposium on Nancy Plankey-Videla's We are in this Dance Together: Gender, Power and Globalization at a Mexican Garment Firm

Plankey-Videla’s book, We Are in This Dance Together, is a tour du force, having won the National Women’s Studies Association’s 2012 Sara A. Whaley book prize and the 2013 Best Book on Globalization Award by the Global Division of the Society for the Study of Social Problems. Plankey-Videla conducts a feminist ethnography of a high-end men’s suit manufacturer in Mexico, exploring its transition from a piece rate work system to team production. After working at the factory for only a few months, Plankey-Videla ends up participating in, and documenting, a factory strike led by women workers. The aftermath of the strike results in women losing their jobs, being harassed by management, corrupt union officials, and labor authorities, and being exposed to violent governor-sanctioned police actions. The book documents how the women’s identities change, as they experience a shift from a familial work culture (when they labored under the piece rate system) to a motherist work culture (when the workers shifted over to teamwork). The motherist ideology prioritized female workers as mothers first, but also as workers. During the strike, women shifted their identities from mothers who worked to workers who were mothers. ISSN: 1076-156X | Vol. # 21 No. 2 | http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2015.30 | jwsr.org
A Review of Literature Concerning Odors, Ammonia, and Dust from Broiler Production Facilities: 4. Remedial Management Practices

Abstract Increased attention by regulatory agencies on agriculturally generated atmospheric pollutants necessitates consideration of emission reduction strategies in broiler facility management. Various remedial activities exist that can greatly reduce off-site transport of odorous compounds, ammonia and dust; however, descriptive collections of the different technologies remains limited in the literature. Therefore, this review aims to collect research findings into a comprehensive examination of both established and innovative remedial activities. Furthermore, this paper identifies management practices that warrant further research or require investigation of technology transfer potential from other livestock production types to broiler operations. Installation and operating costs are listed when available to provide insight into the economic viability of a remedial activity based on air quality needs. Used in conjunction with an appropriate pollutant management plan, the reviewed remedial practices may prove to abate odor, ammonia, and dust problems originating from broiler operations.
An ultrawideband cylindrical long-slot antenna with hybrid EBG/Ferrite ground plane

On many military tactical platforms, multiple wire-like narrowband antennas are employed, with each antenna covering a specific communication band. This approach enables the adversaries to distinguish the communication center and renders it a high priority target. The cylindrical long-slot antenna architecture can be used as an alternative ultra-wideband antenna to replace the multiple wire structures. To help develop a unidirectional radiation pattern for the long slot array, our group developed a hybrid structure which included the incorporation of EBG/Ferrite ground plane with the long slot array [1]. In this paper, we use the hybrid long slot array structure in [1] to develop a cylindrical ultra wideband array. Computer simulation results for a 10 by 10 cylindrical long slot indicate that the impedance bandwidth for this antenna ranges from 300 MHz to more than 5 GHz resulting in approximately 17∶1 bandwidth. The resulting radiation pattern is omnidirectional in the 300 MHz to 2 GHz range. At higher frequencies, and as the azimuth radiation pattern starts to fluctuate because of the non-overlapping element radiation patterns, it is shown that an increase in the number of feed ports overcomes this problem and the array could continue to provide uniform omnidirectional pattern. Simulation results illustrating these radiation pattern results as well as the variation of the input impedance and gain values with frequency are described and discussed.
The National Institutes of Health's AREA Program in Action

The National Institutes of Health Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA) program introduces research funding into regional universities and liberal arts colleges where hurdles to successful pursuit of research programs are substantial. Nevertheless, the authors of papers in this issue competed successfully and have benefited undergraduates in their respective institutions, as evidenced both by heightened retention rates and the numbers of student assistants who advance to graduate school. We discuss the role of a summer institute in helping to advance the work of these investigators, and suggest that the network which evolved may be extended as a model for collaborative and interdisciplinary research. We also describe details of the AREA program and where to obtain additional information about it.
TO SNITCH OR NOT TO SNITCH? APPLYING THE CONCEPT OF NEUTRALIZATION TECHNIQUES TO THE ENFORCEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL MISCONDUCT

The controversy over self-regulation has been a central topic of inquiry in sociological research on occupational misconduct and crime. However, few studies have examined the process by which organizational members decide whether to respond to the misconduct of peers, and none have examined the use of neutralization techniques by rule enforcers in organizational settings. The research presented here is based on a case study of the U.S. Naval Academy. Three data sources are analyzed: Survey data collected from Academy midshipmen, semistructured interviews with graduates, and official statistics on occupational misconduct. Findings reveal that Academy members employ a number of neutralization techniques depending on whether they counsel peers, report peers, or choose not to respond to misconduct. Midshipmen who counsel are appealing to peer loyalty, while those who report wrongdoing find themselves neutralizing the effects of violating informal norms about peer loyalty. In contrast, those who ignore miscond...
Allozymic Variation in the Endangered Delmarva Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus): Genetics of a Translocated Population

Abstract We examined allozymic variation at 42 loci in a translocated population of the endangered Delmarva fox squirrel, Sciurus niger cinereus, as well as the naturally occurring (source) population from which individuals were obtained to establish it. The translocated population was founded more than 20 y ago by a total of 30 animals introduced directly from the source population and by descendants from a previous translocation from the same source population. Genetic variation, as measured by mean heterozygosity, did not differ significantly between the source and translocated populations. The mean number of alleles per locus was significantly lower in the translocated population relative to the source population. Genetic variation in both S. n. cinereus populations is within the range of values found in other populations of S. niger. Nevertheless, we suggest that the Chincoteague population and other translocated populations of S. n. cinereus be examined periodically (using larger samples sizes, if p...
Text messaging versus paging: new technology for the next generation.

Of all the labels applied to my generation, the “millennials,” there is 1 for which we are fully deserving: we are the “digital generation.” Born roughly between 1980 and 2000, we are the first to grow up with computers and video games in our homes. Surveys have shown that millennials may
Programs for people: What we can learn from lab protocols

Humans play an active role in the execution of certain kinds of programs, such as spreadsheets, workflows and interactive notebooks. Interacting closely with execution is especially useful when end-users are learning from examples while doing their work. In order to better understand the language features needed to support this kind of use, we investigated a particularly rigid and formalized category of “program” people write for each other: lab protocols. These protocols present a linear, idealized process despite the complex contingencies of the lab work they describe. However, they employ a variety of techniques for limiting or expanding the semantic interpretation of individual steps and for integrating outside protocols. We use these observations to derive implications for the design of interactive and mixed-initiative programming languages.
Bifurcation Trees of Period-1 Motions to Chaos in a Two-Degree-of-Freedom, Nonlinear Oscillator

In this paper, analytical solutions for period-m motions in a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) nonlinear oscillator are developed through the finite Fourier series. From the finite Fourier series transformation, the dynamical system of coefficients of the finite Fourier series is developed. From such a dynamical system, the solutions of period-m motions are obtained and the corresponding stability and bifurcation analyses of period-m motions are carried out. Analytical bifurcation trees of period-1 motions to chaos are presented. Displacements, velocities and trajectories of periodic motions in the 2-DOF nonlinear oscillator are used to illustrate motion complexity, and harmonic amplitude spectrums give harmonic effects on periodic motions of the 2-DOF nonlinear oscillator.
Comment Submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission Endorsing a New Rule on Transparency of Corporate Political Spending

This Comment will open with an introduction about the ways that publicly-traded corporations can legally mask their role in U.S. elections. Then in Part II, I offer a comparison from the United Kingdom, which is four decades ahead of America in providing transparency for corporate political spending. In Part III, I will explain how a new disclosure rule about political spending is in line with the Commission’s previous anti-pay-to-play rules. In Part IV, I argue that the Commission should act because its sister agencies, the FEC, IRS and FCC, have failed to address this issue. In Part V, I outline the potential scope of a new SEC disclosure rule. In Part VI, I explain why such a disclosure rule would be constitutional. And in Part VII, I conclude with a review of the many business reasons for a Commission rule requiring transparency of corporate political spending.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of tracheoesophageal fistulas.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective review of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) patients who followed up in a state-sponsored program to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods Records were reviewed retrospectively of children who underwent TEF repair between August 2001 and June 2014. Children discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit were referred to the state-sponsored Developmental Tracking Infant Progress Statewide (TIPS) program. We reviewed TIPS assessments performed before age 24months and noted referral for early school intervention services. Poor outcomes were defined as scores of "failure" on the screening assessment or referral for enrollment in early intervention services by 24months. Children with TEF were compared with case-matched nonsyndromic children of similar gestational age and birth weight. Results Seventy-eight children underwent TEF repair. Thirty-eight followed up with TIPS. Survival was 93.6%. Predictors of hospital survival were Waterston classification (p=0.001), birth weight (p=0.027), and ventilator days (p=0.013). LOS was the only significant predictor of referral for early intervention services (p=0.0092) in multivariate analysis. There was a borderline significant difference in referral rate between children with TEF and controls. 52.6% of TEF patients were referred, while 34.2% of controls were referred (p=0.071). Conclusion More than half of TEF patients experience neurodevelopmental delays requiring referral for early intervention (53%).
Soluble IgM links apoptosis to complement activation in early alcoholic liver disease in mice.

Abstract Background Ethanol feeding in mice activates complement via C1q binding to apoptotic cells in the liver; complement contributes to ethanol-induced inflammation and injury. Despite the critical role of C1q in ethanol-induced injury, the mechanism by which ethanol activates C1q remains poorly understood. Secretory IgM (sIgM), traditionally considered to act as an anti-microbial, also has critical housekeeping functions, facilitating clearance of apoptotic cells, at least in part through activation of C1q. Therefore, we hypothesized that (1) ethanol-induced apoptosis in the liver recruits sIgM, facilitating the activation of C1q and complement and (2) C1INH (C1 esterase inhibitor), which inhibits C1 functional activity, prevents complement activation and decreases ethanol-induced liver injury. Methods Female C57BL/6 wild-type, C1qa −/− , BID −/− and sIgM −/− mice were fed ethanol containing liquid diets or pair-fed control diets. C1INH or vehicle was given via tail vein injection to ethanol- or pair-fed wild-type mice at 24 and 48 h prior to euthanasia. Results Ethanol exposure increased aptoptosis in the liver, as well as the accumulation of IgM in the liver. In the early stages of ethanol feeding, C1q co-localized with IgM in the peri -sinusoidal space of the liver and accumulation of IgM and C3b was dependent on ethanol-induced BID-dependent apoptosis. sIgM −/− mice were protected from both ethanol-induced activation of complement and early ethanol-induced liver injury when compared to wild-type mice. Treatment with C1INH also decreased hepatic C3b deposition and ethanol-induced injury. Conclusion These data indicate that sIgM contributes to activation of complement and ethanol-induced increases in inflammatory cytokine expression and hepatocyte injury in the early stages of ethanol-induced liver injury.
Association of Pain and Physical Dependency with Depression in Physically Ill Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons

To investigate the relationship of pain and physical dependency to depression, the authors conducted a panel survey of 133 middle-aged and elderly persons with recent exacerbations of various physical illnesses. Of the original 133 subjects, 114 participated in two in-depth personal interviews conducted about three months apart. Variables that were measured included age, income, social support, physical dependency, pain, and depression. Physical dependency was moderately associated with depression ( r = .27). A multiple regression analysis performed to control for the other variables, however, revealed that physical dependency had little effect on depression (R2 change = .03). Correlation ( r = .41) and regression (R2 change = .13) analyses indicated that pain was an important factor in level of depression even after controlling for all of the other variables.
Abstract 1342: Roles for CD40 ligation in tumor-macrophage interaction and tumor metastasis

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Macrophages are now known to play multiple roles in the progression and metastasis of many solid tumors. Although tumor-derived cytokines play a role in stimulating cytokine production by the macrophages, the extent of tumor-macrophage cross-talk remains to be explored. We have previously demonstrated that CD154:CD40 interactions are a dominant mechanism of contact-dependent communication between a variety of cell types. We therefore initiated a study of the role of CD154:CD40 interactions in tumor-macrophage interactions. Flow cytometric analysis reveals CD154 expression on 3LLC carcinoma cells. In corroboration of previous studies, co-culture of supernatants of tumor cell cultured with normal macrophages stimulated moderate cytokine production and this was equally effective with both CD40+/+ and CD40-/- macrophages. Co-culture of paraformaldehyde-fixed tumor cells with normal macrophages stimulated cytokine production by the macrophages, indicating that a cell contact dependent mechanism was also involved in the stimulation of macrophages by the tumor cells. Implantation of 3LLC tumors subcutaneously in CD40+/+ and CD40-/- mice resulted in similar growth of the primary tumor mass. However, no lung metastases were detectable in the CD40-/- mice. Bone marrow chimeric mice were generated by reconstituting irradiated CD40+/+ mice with either CD40+/+ or CD40-/- bone marrow. Nine weeks later, the splenic and peripheral blood leukocytes were >94% donor derived. Both recipients of CD40+/+ and CD40-/- bone marrow displayed similar growth of the primary tumor and similar frequency of lung metastases, indicating that CD40 expression by bone marrow derived macrophages was not critical for tumor metastasis. The study demonstrates that ligation of CD40 on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells may play critical roles in tumor progression and metastasis. This research was supported by grants from the Kentucky Lung Cancer Foundation (J.S.) and the Susan G. Komen Race for the Cure (R.S.) and by an NRSA T32 Postdoctoral Training Grant (K.R.) and a Ruth Kirschstein T31 Predoctoral Fellowship (C.G.). Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1342.
Innovativeness and Confidence in Information Processing: Revisited

This study reexamined the hypothesis that there should be a positive and significant relationship between innovativeness and information-processing confidence. A Pearson product-moment correlation of .53 for 74 undergraduates confirmed the hypothesis.
Grower Diets and Bird Density Effects on Growth and Cannibalism in Ring-Necked Pheasants

The effects of bird density and dietary protein and energy level on growth rate and feather pecking in Ring-Necked pheasants were investigated in two experiments. After brooding, pheasants in Experiment 1 were housed at densities of .19, .38, or .74 m2/bird and fed grower diets containing 16, 19, or 22% protein. Experiment 2 pheasants were housed at .4 m2/bird and fed diets containing 16 or 22% protein with energy levels of 2530, 2750, 2970, or 3190 kcal/kg. Body weight was not affected by bird density differences, but feather pecking was significantly reduced by increasing floor space per bird. Body weight, cannibalism, and feed conversion were poorer in groups fed the 16% protein diet than those fed the 19 or 22% protein diets. Body weight gains, feed efficiency, and feather pecking scores improved as the energy content of grower diets increased. Significant interactions existed between dietary protein and bird density and between dietary protein and energy for feather picking in pheasants. Total performance was best for groups fed a grower diet of 22% protein and 2970 kcal/kg metabolizable energy level with a floor space of .38 m2 or greater per bird.
Sociability and Social Structure

Matheus Miller was a sociable man. Every New Year’s Day, he honored certain acquaintances with gifts of cash. The entries in his memoir are little more than accountings of funds paid; they offer neither reasons for the gifts nor details about the recipients. The first such record listed more than fl. 50 given to some 33 people in 1658.1 The rest must be reconstructed from other passages and other documents. These sources reveal that Matheus gave to members of his household: his wife, his three children and his three servants.2 He included his father and his father’s maid, suggesting that the elder Miller was somehow dependent on the younger. He remembered his favorite nieces and nephews.3 He even extended generosity to a few of his many godchildren, the sons and daughters of Thomas Hopfer, at that time pastor of Holy Cross and Senior Pastor of Augsburg’s Lutheran community.4 The largest portion of his annual gift-giving, and the bulk of the list, he devoted to the Lutheran ministerium, every pastor, deacon and sacristan in the city.5 Similar lists appear for every year following until 1685, the year Matheus died. That New Year’s Day, he followed a pattern of giving that, if somewhat narrower than in his youth, had become traditional over a lifetime.6 He gave, as he had every year, to his household, to his family and to his pastors.
Responsible animal research: a riff of Rs.

The Three Rs, reduction, refinement and replacement, were introduced in 1959 by Russell & Burch in their important publication The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. These Three Rs are no...
Psychiatry’s Continuing Expansion of Depressive Disorder

In our book, The Loss of Sadness (LoS), published in 2007, we argued that DSM symptom-based diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder confuse intense normal sadness with depressive disorder, thus potentially misdiagnosing large numbers of individuals with a psychiatric disorder when in fact they are responding to loss or stress with normal human emotions. We detailed the many negative effects of such misdiagnosis, from unnecessary treatment to meaningless research results to distorted mental health policy. In this chapter, we review the main developments since LoS’s publication that bear on its thesis. For example, recent epidemiological surveys have confirmed that the majority of individuals experience DSM-defined depression at some point in life, antidepressant medication use continues to rise sharply, and depression is increasingly treated by general physicians rather than mental health professionals. Most importantly, the recently published fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5) further expanded major depression by eliminating the “bereavement exclusion,” a clause that acknowledged that mild depressive symptoms could be normal when they occurred shortly after the death of a loved one. The DSM-5’s elimination of the bereavement exclusion, we find, was based on largely spurious arguments, while ample research evidence has confirmed the exclusion’s validity. In addition, DSM-5 greatly expanded the overall domain of depressive disorders by adding several new diagnostic categories that are each open to overdiagnosing the intensely sad individual as being psychiatrically disordered. The trends we observed in LoS, we conclude, are confirmed by subsequent developments and are if anything accelerating.
Contextual Methodology in the Social Sciences: Historiography, Middle-Range-Theory, & Models

For a cross-disciplinary social science, methodology needs to effectively integrate research across the different social science disciplines. This is an important issue for the social sciences disciplines to be practically useful for policy issues which apply to a whole society. We propose (1) an integrative methodology which grounds middle-range social science theories, upon an empirical basis of modeling historical events. As in all of science, explanation is the key to the validation of theory – all theory should be based upon empirical evidence. Theory not constructed upon nor validated by experiment/observation is methodologically speculative and not proven true. Histories of events in a society can provide empirical grounds for social science theory, as kinds of ‘natural’ societal experiments.
Decoupling Marriage and Parenting

This article argues for separating the institutions of marriage and parenting, conceptually and legally. Marriage is neither necessary nor adequate for fostering cooperative and stable co-parenting. Because promoting marriage fails to protect all children, the state should develop a more suitable formal mechanism whereby co-parents can commit to cooperate in good faith in order to best serve the interests of their children. Like civil marriage, many of the terms of these contracts are aspirational and not enforceable, though they can guide arrangements for custody and financial support. Co-parenting agreements need not be limited to two parents, nor need they be limited to legal parents, but can include de facto parents, such as stepparents, foster parents, and other support parents. One important aim of these agreements is to recognise and support the valuable work that married or unmarried co-parents perform, and to protect the parental rights of caregivers in different kinds of situations.
Nondeterminism in Computability Theory

We begin our study of nondeterminism in computability theory by crafting a nondeterministic version of the online Turing machine (OTM) of Section 3.3; we call this enhanced model an NTM, for “nondeterministic Turing machine.” The NTM model provides us a “bookend” to match our study of nondeterministic finite automata (NFAs) in Chapter 11. Whereas NFAs arise from adding nondeterminism to the computationally weakest model in our study, namely FAs, NTMs arise from adding nondeterminism to the computationally most powerful model in our study—indeed, the computationally most powerful possible model, period, according to the Church–Turing thesis.
Deep Eye-CU (DECU): Summarization of Patient Motion in the ICU

Healthcare professionals speculate about the effects of poses and pose manipulation in healthcare. Anecdotal observations indicate that patient poses and motion affect recovery. Motion analysis using human observers puts strain on already taxed healthcare workforce requiring staff to record motion. Automated algorithms and systems are unable to monitor patients in hospital environments without disrupting patients or the existing standards of care. This work introduces the DECU framework, which tackles the problem of autonomous unobtrusive monitoring of patient motion in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). DECU combines multimodal emissions from Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), key frame extraction from multiple sources, and deep features from multimodal multiview data to monitor patient motion. Performance is evaluated in ideal and non-ideal scenarios at two motion resolutions in both a mock-up and a real ICU.
Posterior Spinal Artery Syndrome

Anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS) or Spiller’s syndrome is named for William G. Spiller who described it 1909, however Preobranshenski was the first to describe ASAS in 1904. ASAS is thrombosis ventral to the spinal cord causing blockage of the anterior spinal artery (ASA) and an infarction of the areas supplied. Outside the spinal cord there are some collateral anastomoses, which may help in vascular obliteration. There are anastomoses between the deep cervical, the vertebral and occipital arteries. In addition, the ascending cervical and muscular branches anastomose. There are also anastomoses between the two vertebrals and the radicular arteries at the lower end of the cord. There are cruciate anastomoses between the artery of Adamkiewicz, the posterolateral arteries and the branch from the caudal vessels in the thoracic region the anastomosis is scanty so that it is a watershed area. Addressing the venous drainage, the veins that drain the cord correspond to the arteries but they are not exactly alike. The have seven categories based on their size. The medullary veins drain into the spinal and into the radicular veins. These anastomose with the epidural veins and the veins of the vertebral bodies and eventually drain into the vertebral, intercostal, lumbar, and sacral, veins. Ultimately they drain into the jugular, azygos, and hemiazygos veins, thus connecting with the venous system of the chest, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. This is what Batson described in the 1940s when he divided the venous plexus from the occiput down to the sacrum into three groups: extradural, intravertebral, and extravertebral.
Unpacking the Gender System A Theoretical Perspective on Gender Beliefs and Social Relations

According to the perspective developed in this article, widely shared, hegemonic cultural beliefs about gender and their impact in what the authors call “social relational” contexts are among the core components that maintain and change the gender system. When gender is salient in these ubiquitous contexts, cultural beliefs about gender function as part of the rules of the game, biasing the behaviors, performances, and evaluations of otherwise similar men and women in systematic ways that the authors specify. While the biasing impact of gender beliefs may be small in any one instance, the consequences cumulate over individuals’ lives and result in substantially different outcomes for men and women. After describing this perspective, the authors show how it sheds newlight on some defining features of the gender system and illustrate its implications for research into specific questions about gender inequality.
The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of and novel molecular mechanisms for ginsenosides as anticancer agents

1921 Ginseng has been used for thousands of years in Asian countries for its wide spectrum of health effects, and is known for its tonic, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic and anti-aging activities. The use of ginseng and related products in cancer prevention and treatment also has been explored for many years in Western countries. Many of its medicinal effects and pharmacological actions are attributed to ginsenosides that include more than twenty family members with varying biological activities. Multiple mechanisms of action for ginsenosides have been suggested, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, induction of apoptosis, regulation of gene expression and modulation of cell proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the SAR of ginsenosides are not fully understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the SAR of selected ginsenosides for their anti-cancer effects. Among 12 ginsenosides tested, two newly identified compounds, 25-OH-PPD and 25-OCH3-PPD, were shown to be most active based on their effects on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and cell proliferation in human breast cancer MCF7 (p53wt/wt) and MDA-MB-468 (p53mt/mt) cells and prostate cancer LNCaP (p53wt/wt) and PC3 (p53null) cells. For example, 25-OCH3-PPD had the most potent anti-cancer activities, having IC50 values of 13.5, 18.2, 12.0 and 5.6 microM in MCF7, MDA-MB-468, LNCaP, and PC3 cells, respectively. In contrast, other compounds had 10-100-fold lower activities. In a dose- and structure-dependent manner, effective ginsenosides arrested cancer cells in the G1 phase. This arrest was accompanied by down-regulation of the MDM2 oncogene and activation of tumor suppressors such as p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1. In conclusion, several ginsenosides, especially 25-OH-PPD and 25-OCH3-PPD, exert their anticancer activity through inducing apoptosis and G1 arrest and inhibiting proliferation in cancer cells, regardless of p53 status. Their down-regulation of the MDM2 oncogene has not been previously reported, and is a novel molecular mechanism for their anticancer effects. These results provide a basis for further development of ginsenoside analogs as novel agents in cancer prevention and therapy.
Enhancing Treatment Adherence, Social Validity, and Generalization of Parent-Training Interventions with Physically Abusive and Neglectful Families

The literature on the assessment and treatment of child abuse and neglect has been steadily growing in recent decades. A consistent theme in the literature is that maltreating families generally present with a variety of problems and multiple possible targets for intervention, including many parent and child issues. The treatment picture is also complicated by the diversity of parents, children, problems, personal resources (e.g., financial, social, intellectual), and motivation for change. Unfortunately, due to their challenging circumstances, maltreating families may be among the least likely to succeed with psychological intervention (Wolfe, Edwards, Manion, & Koverola, 1988).
Fluorescence imaging of lymphatic outflow of cerebrospinal fluid in mice

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is known to be reabsorbed by the lymphatic vessels and drain into the lymph nodes (LNs) through peripheral lymphatic vessels. In the peripheral lymphatics, the contractile pumping action of lymphangions mediates lymph drainage; yet it is unknown whether lymphatic vessels draining cranial and spinal CSF show similar function. Herein, we used non-invasive near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) to image (i) indocyanine green (ICG) distribution along the neuraxis and (ii) routes of ICG-laden CSF outflow into the lymphatics following intrathecal lumbar administration. For intrathecal injection, a 31-gauge needle was inserted between L5 and L6 vertebrae and a tail flick response was referenced as indication of correct position of the needle into the intradural space. Imaging agents were injected immediately after a tail flick. A volume of 10 to 30μl of 645μΜ of ICG was injected. We demonstrate lymphatic contractile function in peripheral lymphatics draining from the nasal lymphatics to the mandibular LNs. In addition, we observed afferent sciatic lymphatic vessels, which also show contractile activity and transport spinal CSF into the sciatic LNs. NIRFI could be used as a tool to probe CSF pathology including neurological disorders by imaging CSF outflow dynamics to lymphatics.
Solidification microstructures and calculated mixing enthalpies in CoCrCu containing alloys

Abstract We report on observations of the as-cast microstructures of equiatomic quaternary and quinary multiprincipal element alloys (MPEAs) containing equiatomic ternary CoCrCu-X with X being Fe, Mn, Ni, V, FeMn, FeNi, FeV, MnNi, MnV, and NiV. Out of the 11 MPEA combinations studied, CoCrCuNi, CoCrCuFeNi, and CoCrCuMnNi displayed FCC solid solution dendritic microstructures while the remaining 8 displayed a liquid phase separation into Cu-lean and Cu-rich liquids which solidified into highly phase separated regions. Calculations for enthalpy of mixing (ΔHmix) were carried out on the possible equiatomic combinations of these alloys using Miedema's scheme for sub-regular solutions. The Calculated ΔHmix for the nominal combinations were then compared to the ΔHmix for the atomic percentages of the actual compositions determined via EDS. It was found that stable Cu-lean microstructures all have lower ΔHmix than the calculated ΔHmix for their equiatomic ratios, indicating a positive correlation between ΔHmix and stable phase formation. The FCC structures observed for CoCrCuNi, CoCrCuFeNi, and CoCrCuMnNi dendrites are in agreement with the model for valence electron concentration described in the literature.
Dirac Cones and Nodal Line in Borophene

Two-dimensional single-layer boron (borophene) has emerged as a new material with several intriguing properties. Recently, the β12 polymorph of borophene was grown on Ag(111), and observed to host Dirac fermions. Similar to graphene, β12 borophene can be described as atom-vacancy pseudoalloy on a closed-packed triangular lattice; however, unlike graphene, the origin of its Dirac fermions is yet unclear. Here, using first-principles calculations, we probe the origin of Dirac fermions in freestanding and Ag(111)-supported β12 borophene. The freestanding β12 sheet hosts two Dirac cones and a topologically nontrivial Dirac nodal line with interesting Dirac-like edge states. On Ag(111), the Dirac cones develop a gap, whereas the topologically protected nodal line remains intact, and its position in the Brillouin zone matches that of the Dirac-like electronic states seen in the experiment. The presence of nontrivial topological states near the Fermi level in borophene makes its electronic properties important ...
Pre-stimulus oscillatory activity predicts successful episodic encoding for both young and older adults

Healthy aging is associated with declines in episodic memory performance that are due in part to deficits in encoding. Emerging results from young adult studies suggest that the neural activity during the time-period preceding stimulus presentation is sensitive to episodic memory performance. It is unknown whether age-related declines in episodic memory are due solely to changes in the recruitment of processes elicited by stimuli during encoding or also in processes recruited in anticipation of these stimuli. Here, we recorded oscillatory EEG while young and old participants encoded visual and auditory words that were preceded by cues indicating the stimulus modality. Alpha oscillatory activity preceding and following stimulus onset was predictive of subsequent memory accuracy similarly across age. Frontal beta oscillations linked to semantic elaboration during encoding were reduced by age. Post-stimulus theta power was positively predictive of episodic memory accuracy for old but not young adults, potentially reflecting older adults9 tendency to self-generate associations during encoding. Collectively, these results suggest that the preparatory mobilization of neural processes prior to encoding that benefits episodic memory performance is not affected by age.
Fibrous dysplasia of the clivus and sphenoid sinus.

Fibrous dysplasia is a primary disease of bone that may lead to bony distortion, expansion, and weakness. Craniofacial involvement is an important entity for physicians to be aware of because of the potential for impingement on neurovascular structures, intracranial extension, and cosmetic deformity. We report two cases of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and discuss the clinical presentation, radiographic and histologic findings, and the management of affectde patients.
Matrix Manipulations in SAS/IML

IML allows different levels of matrix access: element access, row access, column access, submatrix access.
Maximizing Marginal Utility per Dollar for Economic Recommendation

Understanding the economic nature of consumer decisions in e-Commerce is important to personalized recommendation systems. Established economic theories claim that informed consumers always attempt to maximize their utility by choosing the items of the largest marginal utility per dollar (MUD) within their budgets. For example, gaining 5 dollars of extra benefit by spending 10 dollars makes a consumer much more satisfied than having the same amount of extra benefit by spending 20 dollars, although the second product may have higher absolute utility value. Meanwhile, making purchases online may be risky decisions that could cause dissatisfaction. For example, people may give low ratings towards purchased items that they thought they would like when placing the order. Therefore, the design of recommender systems should also take users' risk attitudes into consideration to better learn consumer behaviors. Motivated by the first consideration, in this paper, we propose a learning algorithm to maximize marginal utility per dollar for recommendations. With the second, economic theory shows that rational people can be arbitrarily close to risk neutral when stakes are arbitrarily small, and this is generally applicable to consumer online purchase behaviors because most people spend a small portion of their total wealth for a single purchase. To integrate this theory with machine learning, we propose to augment MUD optimization with approximate risk-neural constraint to generate personalized recommendations. Experiments on real-world e-Commerce datasets show that our approach is able to achieve better performance than many classical recommendation methods, in terms of both traditional recommendation measures such as precision and recall, as well as economic measures such as MUD.
Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α by N-Palmitoylethanolamine Engages Allopregnanolone Biosynthesis to Modulate Emotional Behavior.

Abstract Background The endocannabinoid and neurosteroid systems regulate emotions and stress responses. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α by the endocannabinoid congener N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) regulates pathophysiological systems (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress) and induces peripheral biosynthesis of allopregnanolone, a gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurosteroid implicated in mood disorders. However, effects of PPAR-α on emotional behavior are poorly understood. Methods We studied the impact of PPAR-α activation on emotional behavior in a mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurosteroid levels before and after PEA treatment were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in relevant brain regions of socially isolated versus group-housed mice exposed to the contextual fear conditioning test, elevated plus maze test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. Neurosteroidogenic enzyme levels were quantified in hippocampus by Western blot. Results PEA administered in a model of conditioned contextual fear reconsolidation blockade facilitated fear extinction and fear extinction retention and induced marked antidepressive- and anxiolytic-like effects in socially isolated mice with reduced brain allopregnanolone levels. These effects were mimicked by the PPAR-α synthetic agonists, fenofibrate and GW7647, and were prevented by PPAR-α deletion, PPAR-α antagonists, and neurosteroid-enzyme inhibitors. Behavioral improvements correlated with PEA-induced upregulation of PPAR-α, neurosteroidogenic enzyme expression, and normalization of corticolimbic allopregnanolone levels. Conclusions This evidence supports a previously unknown role for PPAR-α in behavior regulation and suggests new strategies for the treatment of neuropsychopathologies characterized by deficient neurosteroidogenesis, including posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder.
Associations of perceived stress and state anger with symptom burden and functional status in patients with heart failure.

Background: Psychosocial stress and anger trigger cardiovascular events, but their relationship to heart failure (HF) exacerbations is unclear. We investigated perceived stress and anger associatio...
Drowning in Possibility: Commonplace Metaphors and the Existing Pool of Knowledge Surrounding Aquatic Safety Education

Are we making the same argument? Rhetors claim that when arguments center on the same term, but use different underlying meanings, adequate solutions cannot be reached. In essence, we cannot reach adequate solutions because we are actually making different arguments without coming to that realization. This rhetorical concept can also be applied to health education and to examining our understanding of what it means to be “safe” in an aquatic environment. This essay describes research gathered on the general public’s conceptualizations of aquatic safety. By rhetorically destabilizing “aquatic safety” as a commonplace metaphor, the nuances of terms like “drowning,” “prevention,” and “safety” are acknowledged and presented to stabilize arguments surrounding the terms for the sake of creating new aquatic education policy.
Hepatitis C virus modelled as an indirectly transmitted infection highlights the centrality of injection drug equipment in disease dynamics.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic often occurs through the persistence of injection drug use. Mathematical models have been useful in understanding various aspects of the HCV epidemic, and espec...
Resilient Turns: Epistrophe, Incrementum, Metonymy

In this essay, we demonstrate how rhetorical analyses of style can maintain their focus on linguistic patterns while simultaneously attending to material ones. Focusing on the trope of metonymy and the figures of incrementum and epistrophe, we show how these devices represent different modes of material-semiotic addressivity, resiliently turning and reconfiguring the rhetorical ecologies they capacitate. Using three case studies—a corpus of news articles about water quality amid extensive wind turbine development in Chatham-Kent, Ontario; traditional and “rogue” pain scales; and scientific literature about CRISPR—we explore the stylistic affordances of epistrophe, incrementum, and metonymy, showing how these “turnings” allow resilient material-semiotic articulations. We conclude by suggesting how our framework may be applied and extended to other topics and how this understanding of tropes and figures may align with other research trajectories in RSTM.
Special issue on walking

Walking is the most ancient mode of transportation. It is also the most common and cheapest physical activity. Indeed, the medical and public health literatures have long established the importance...
P626 Neisseria gonorrhoeae as an unrecognized cause of preseptal cellulitis

Background Preseptal cellulitis is an infection of the anterior portion of the eyelid and can present with chemosis and eye pain. Preseptal cellulitis and conjunctivitis is a rare, sight threatening infection, is less common in adults, and is usually caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species. Neisseria gonorrhea rarely causes preseptal cellulitis with only four cases previously described. Methods We describe a case of preseptal cellulitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhea. Results: Case A 43-year-old woman presented with progressive pain and swelling of her left eye, a low-grade fever and dysuria. On exam, she was afebrile, had significant mucopurulent discharge, eyelid erythema, and a normal cornea. A CT scan of the orbit showed left periorbital preseptal soft tissue swelling. A nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for Neisseria gonorrhea was positive in both the left eye swab and a urine specimen. Bacterial cultures from swabs from the eye were also positive for Neisseria gonorrhea. She initially received intravenous (IV) cefepime, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam that were subsequently changed to ceftriaxone, daptomycin and one dose of oral azithromycin. She completed a course of IV ceftriaxone daily for 4 days and 6 additional days of oral cefixime, tobramycin eye drops, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. She had significant clinical improvement within 3 days and her eye healed well. Conclusion Clinicians must consider N. gonorrhea infection in patients presenting with acute, unilateral, mucopurulent conjunctivitis and preseptal cellulitis. Rapid diagnosis is critical and we demonstrate the utility of NAAT on an eye specimen. Contact isolation precautions are encouraged, as there is evidence of transmission through fomites and contaminated hands. Treatment data are limited, but we recommend at least 3 days of IV ceftriaxone in combination with azithromycin before transitioning to oral antibiotics based on susceptibilities. In the era of antibiotic resistant gonorrhea, clinicians must be vigilant to ensure appropriate antibiotic treatment of this severe eye infection. Disclosure No significant relationships.