cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationships between the Rorschach and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory.

This study rested hypothesized associations between selected Rorschach variables and the five personality domains measured by the Five-Factor Personality Model from 45 college participants (23 men ...
The relative effects of testosterone and nortestosterone on the running activity of castrated male rats

Abstract Is the post-castrational decrease in running activity of male rats due to the withdrawal of sex-related (androgenic) or the myotrophic (anabolic) actions of androgen? Groups of castrated Osborne-Mendel male rats were injected with either testosterone cyclopentylpropionate or nortestosterone cyclopentylpropionate or oil. Although the effect of the testosterone was significant in that it increased the amount of running compared with castrated control rats, this was due primarily to the increase exhibited by rats that had manifested relatively high levels of pre-castrational activity. Nortestosterone failed to affect the running activity. Consequently, when androgen affects running behaviour, it is through mechanisms that are correlated with its androgenic actions.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in guard cells of several species as determined by an indirect, immunofluorescent technique

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (E. C. 4.1.1.31) was localized in the guard cells by an indirect, immunofluorescent technique using antisera raised against the enzyme from bothPennisetum glaucum R. Br. (pearl millet) andEscherichia coli. Of the 17 species of plants examined, only monocot species showed fluorescence with millet phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase antiserum and onlyNephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott,Zygocactus truncatus Haworth, andEcheveria gibbiflora D. C. displayed fluorescence withE. coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase antiserum.
Novel laser Doppler linear encoder using multiple-reflection optical design for a high-resolution linear actuator

A novel laser Doppler linear encoder system (LDLE) has been developed at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. A self-aligning 3-D multiple-reflection optical design was used for the laser Doppler displacement meter (LDDM) to extend the encoder system resolution. The encoder is compact [about 70 mm(H) x 100 mm(W) x 250 mm(L)] and it has sub-Angstrom resolution, 100 mm/sec measuring speed, and 300 mm measuring range. Because the new device affords higher resolution, as compared with commercial laser interferometer systems, and yet cost less, it will have good potential for use in scientific and industrial applications.
Suicidality and interrogative suggestibility.

ABSTRACT All people are subject to memory suggestibility, but suicidal individuals may be especially so. The link between suidality and suggestibility is unclear given mixed findings and methodological weaknesses of past research. To test the link between suidality and interrogative suggestibility, 149 undergraduates answered questions about suicidal thoughts and reasons for living, and participated in a direct suggestibility procedure. As expected, suggestibility correlated with suicidality but accounted for little overall variance (4%). Mental health professionals might be able to take advantage of client suggestibility by directly telling suicidal persons to refrain from suicidal thoughts or actions.
Applications of Robotic Surgery in Gynecology

This article reviews the applications of robotic surgery in gynecology and presents a summary of the early studies that have been performed regarding its use for hysterectomy, myomectomy, reproductive surgery, pelvic floor reconstruction, and gynecological cancer staging. Despite significant advances in conventional laparoscopic techniques, the majority of gynecological procedures are still performed through major abdominal incisions, which are associated with higher surgical morbidity. This article addresses the potential that robotic surgery may have in converting more gynecological operations to a minimally invasive approach.
Charge neutralization of ions from benzene

Cross-sections have been measured for the charge neutrilization if ions from benzene in kiloelectron-volt collisions with benezene target molecules. Measured values range from 65 A2 for the symmetric [C6H6]+C6H6 resonant reactions to 8 A2 for [C3H3]+C6H6 reactions. Cross-sections computed using a simple resonance charge transfer model compare favourably with experimental data for the symmetric reactions. The cross-sections for asymmetric reactions are smaller that those for they symmetric system and magnitudes of the asymmetric cross-sections are correlated with recombination energies of the respective ions.
Role of the Enteric Nervous System in the Pathophysiology of Secretory Diarrhea

Details of the physiology and pathophysiology of epithelial secretion in the gastrointestinal tract are becoming clear, leading to new models of the mechanisms underlying diarrhea. The enteric nervous system is a critical component of the mechanism regulating fluid secretion in the normal gut and a key element in the pathophysiology of diarrhea. Neural reflex pathways increase epithelial fluid secretion in response to several enteric pathogens of veterinary importance such as Salmonella spp., Cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus, and Clostridium difficile. Moreover, the enteric nervous system has an important role in epithelial secretion triggered by products of activated leukocytes during inflammation. New approaches targeting the enteric nervous system show promise for the treatment of secretory diarrhea.
Development of behaviors in a male spectacled langur (Presbytis obscurus)

An infant langur,Presbytis obscurus, was observed in a group setting, from birth until 1 year of age. Frequency or duration of 30 behaviors was recorded during 2 hour periods and plotted chronologically. Based on fluctuations and interrelations of these behaviors, age classes were designated. The Maternal Care Period (0–20 days) is characterized by close mother-infant contact, including a great deal of nipple contact and a high frequency of maternal behaviors. The Individuation Period (21–70 days) is typified by maternal restraint and retrieval, and independence and self-oriented behaviors like scratching, mouthing, and locomotory skills. The Socialization Period (71–240 days) is manifested by behavioral fluctuations, involving nipple contact, play, and care by other troop members and coincides with the molt from infant to juvenile pelage. Finally, during the Juvenile Period, the motherinfant distance increases and the mother interacts more with other troop members. Behavioral fluctuations observed in this infant langur are discussed with reference to other primates studied.
Trying It on for Size: Design and International Public Policy

Before we begin, we should note that we are not here speaking on behalf of either the United Nations (UN) generally or the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) specifically. As researchers at UNIDIR, we are afforded both a valuable space to generate ideas for the improvement of UN operations or practices, and a chance to look and comment upon its performance with an interest in doing so. If at any point we seem less than fully impressed by UN conduct, you should think of our comments less as criticism and more as ... tough love. This event is quite exciting for us. It is the first time that we have had the opportunity to talk about design to a room full of actual designers and people concerned with design questions. Normally, the people that we talk to about program design are diplomats, practitioners in security, development, or humanitarian action, academic researchers, or field staff of the United Nations. The response we often get, when speaking of design, is akin to the look one makes when handed unfamiliar food: alternatively respectful, skeptical, or suspicious, and sometimes a bit put off. Yet, we speak about it often, and we think about it even more. The reason is that we think design looks promising for addressing some of the challenges faced in the international public policy domains of security, development, and humanitarian action. And we now believe that a new agenda needs to be formed around the investigation of the capabilities and limitations of design as a tool for public policy. This event is also a bit intimidating for us precisely because it is the first time we have had a chance to talk to a room full of designers. In many of our lectures, we argue for the benefits of design processes and techniques. We advocate for the conceptual and procedural value of design space at the nexus between defining problems and taking programmatic action. But ultimately, we need to learn from designers, from you, whether our suspicions about the power of collaboration here may prove as fruitful as we suspect. In international public policy, design is the dark space between knowledge and action. It is where the murky terms, metaphors, and conventional wisdom lurk that are often antagonistic to design as a professional activity. Design, after all, requires a
From Infancy to Adulthood: A Clarification.

BLOCK, JACK. From Infancy to Adulthood: A Clarification. CHmILD DEVELOPMENT, 1980, 51, 622-623. A paper by Jean Macfarlane in 1963 has incorrectly been interpreted as an empirically based conclusion from ,the Berkeley longitudinal studies that early character structure has little implication for later, character structure and life outcomes. The present note clarifies the intentions and basis of the Macfarlane remarks which should not be received as a scientific summary of the many kinds of relationships and understandings issuing from these longitudinal studies of personality development.
Current strategies for the restoration of adequate lordosis during lumbar fusion

Not restoring the adequate lumbar lordosis during lumbar fusion surgery may result in mechanical low back pain, sagittal unbalance and adjacent segment degeneration. The objective of this work is to describe the current strategies and concepts for restoration of adequate lordosis during fusion surgery. Theoretical lordosis can be evaluated from the measurement of the pelvic incidence and from the analysis of spatial organization of the lumbar spine with 2/3 of the lordosis given by the L4-S1 segment and 85% by the L3-S1 segment. Technical aspects involve patient positioning on the operating table, release maneuvers, type of instrumentation used (rod, screw-rod connection, interbody cages), surgical sequence and the overall surgical strategy. Spinal osteotomies may be required in case of fixed kyphotic spine. AP combined surgery is particularly efficient in restoring lordosis at L5-S1 level and should be recommended. Finally, not one but several strategies may be used to achieve the need for restoration of adequate lordosis during fusion surgery.
Iodide transport in the thyroid gland.

III. Nature of the I transport process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 A. I accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 B. I efflux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Strain localization in amorphous metals

Abstract Inhomogeneous flow in metallic glasses is studied in this paper within the context of continuum mechanics. Motivated by similar work for elastic-plastic solids, the possibility of strain localization into a shear band is investigated for a metallic glass which is modelled as a nonlinear viscoelastic solid. The essential features of the localization problem are brought out through an analysis of the constitutive law which reveals a catastrophic softening via free volume creation. Analytic expressions for the stress at catastrophic softening agree very closely with the stress at strain localization calculated from the numerical solution of the full set of shear band equations.
Convergence Results for Continuous Crystallizers

Abstract We derive global stability results for continuous crystallizers using convergence analysis. The sufficient condition for exponential stability is derived in the analytical expression. The analytical condition offers a lower bound of the nucleus size and an upper bound of the largest size that crystals can grow. These conditions ensure that all the trajectories of the crystallizer converge to a single trajectory which is not necessarily known beforehand.
Bacterial leaching of zinc and copper from mining wastes

Abstract Bacterial leaching of zinc from chat (chert) pile rock and copper from tailings pond sediment was studied in shake flask experiments. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at 26°C leached 38% of zinc from pulverized rock in 15 days and extracted copper completely from native sediment in 24 h. Experiments omitting single medium constituents for the bacterial leaching of both zinc and copper indicated that the primary mechanism of bacterial leaching is very likely by the indirect route, in which the bacteria catalyze the ferric-ferrous redox cycle. The small particle size of the native tailings pond sediment (particles of ∼ 5 μm in size contributed almost all of the surface area) is a probable reason for the relatively short amount of time required for the copper leaching. Because of the rapidity of the extraction of copper with T. ferrooxidans, larger scale tests were carried out in a bioreactor with mechanical agitation and aeration. Complete extraction of copper was obtained in 12 h. A separate fluidization experiment showed that the tailings pond sediment could be kept suspended with a low fluid bulk velocity (0.3 cm/s). Two possible routes to scale up the bacterial leaching of copper from tailings pond sediment are discussed.
The Amino Terminus of the Vaccinia Virus E3 Protein Is Necessary To Inhibit the Interferon Response

Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes a multifunctional protein, E3L, that is necessary for interferon (IFN) resistance in cells in culture. Interferon resistance has been mapped to the well-characterized carboxy terminus of E3L, which contains a conserved double-stranded RNA binding domain. The amino terminus of E3L has a Z-form nucleic acid binding domain, which has been shown to be dispensable for replication and IFN resistance in HeLa and RK13 cells; however, a virus expressing E3L deleted of the amino terminus has reduced pathogenicity in an animal model. In this study, we demonstrate that the pathogenicity of a virus expressing E3L deleted of the amino terminus was fully rescued in type I IFN receptor knockout (IFN-α/βR(-/-)) mice. Furthermore, this virus was IFN sensitive in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). This virus induced the phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in MEFs in an IFN-dependent manner. The depletion of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) from these MEFs restored the IFN resistance of this virus. Furthermore, the virus expressing E3L deleted of the amino terminus was also IFN resistant in PKR(-/-) MEFs. Thus, our data demonstrate that the amino terminus of E3L is necessary to inhibit the type I IFN response both in mice and in MEFs and that in MEFs, the amino terminus of E3L functions to inhibit the PKR pathway.
Slow metabolic clearance rate of the 20,000-dalton variant of human growth hormone: implications for biological activity.

The 20,000-dalton variant of human GH (hGH) (20 K) exhibits full growth-promoting bioactivity in the rat despite its poor interaction with GH receptors, as compared to the principal 22,000-dalton form of hGH (22 K). To test the possibility that prolonged survival time of 20 K in vivo may contribute to this apparent discrepancy, we compared the MCRs of 22 K and 20 K in the rat by the single injection technique. Both radiolabeled and native 22 K and 20 K were examined in this regard. The MCR of 20 K was 2- to 3-fold lower than that of 22 K, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The distribution volumes were similar for the two hGH forms and corresponded approximately to the extracellular fluid space. We conclude that the prolonged persistence of 20 K in the circulation may contribute to its higher than expected bioactivity in vivo in the rat. (Endocrinology 117: 1309–1313, 1985)
Evaluating Judges: An Analysis of Survey Results

Evaluations of judges based primarily on survey techniques have increased in popularity and use. Performance evaluations of the judiciary could have important effects on the selection and retention of judges, as well as on public opinion about the judiciary. Although evaluation efforts have increased in this area, there has been little analysis of the results beyond the presentation of descriptive findings. This article presents a detailed analysis of a multiple attribute judicial evaluation survey, with particular attention to the effects of questionnaire design and testing for differences between respondents. Since such evaluations typically use a self-selected sample of lawyers, the overall lack of substantial differences in average evaluation by various subgroups of lawyers is an important argument for the continued use of self-selection for respondents.
The First Course in Accounting: Students' Perceptions and Their Effect on the Decision to Major in Accounting

Abstract Little empirical evidence exists regarding students’ perceptions of the first course in accounting and the effect of these perceptions on deciding whether or not to major in accounting. The purpose of this study is to begin examining student perceptions regarding the first accounting course and how those perceptions relate to selection of accounting as a major. The study separately examines initial perceptions and changes in perceptions over the semester for intended accounting and non-accounting majors, and assesses the association of individual accounting instructors with changed student perceptions. We then examine the relationship between perceptual changes, final grades, and individual instructors on decisions to major in accounting. Responses from 331 introductory financial accounting students from two universities indicate that while intended accounting majors perceived the course more favorably than non-accounting majors at the beginning and end of the semester, both groups exhibited relatively positive attitudes toward the course. However, these attitudes were similarly less favorable by the end of the course for both groups. We also found evidence of the important role individual instructors play regarding changing student perceptions and selection of accounting as a major. The analyses for selection of accounting as a major indicate that the decision depended on initially intending to major in accounting, performance in the first course, and individual instructors, but not on changes in perception regarding the first course.
Telemedicine: a proposal for an ethical code.

Telemedicine encompasses medicalpractice, teaching, and research withreal-time interactions over distances toogreat for unaided communication. Itincludes audio and video transmis-sions, either separately or combined,and can be done through mechanical(e.g., signal flags or lights) or elec-tronic means (e.g., telecommunica-tions). In many ways, telemedicine isa subset of medical informatics, itselfa rapidly developing field. Prior defi-nitions have been broader, includingnot only medical practice over dis-tance, but also simple informationtransfer.As with many other new medicaltechnologies, telemedicine has been putinto service while it is still being eval-uated for efficacy and safety. Its mostcommon use at present is still consul-tation via telephone and the emer-gency medical system radios. By thetime we understand many of thebenefits and problems associated withtelemedicine, technology will havestretched its reach far beyond currentexpectations and telemedicine prac-tice will have become, for better orworse, an integral part of biomedicine.Over the next decade, telemedicinepromises to be one of the fastest grow-ing medical areas. Many physicians,nurse practitioners, physician assis-tants, and technical experts will soondevote most or all of their time to deliv-ering telemedical services. Yet little hasbeen written about the ethical impli-cations of this powerful and dynamictechnology.
Clinical Applications of DNA Vaccines: Current Progress

It was discovered almost 20 years ago that plasmid DNA, when injected into the skin or muscle of mice, could induce immune responses to encoded antigens. Since that time, there has since been much progress in understanding the basic biology behind this deceptively simple vaccine platform and much technological advancement to enhance immune potency. Among these advancements are improved formulations and improved physical methods of delivery, which increase the uptake of vaccine plasmids by cells; optimization of vaccine vectors and encoded antigens; and the development of novel formulations and adjuvants to augment and direct the host immune response. The ability of the current, or second-generation, DNA vaccines to induce more-potent cellular and humoral responses opens up this platform to be examined in both preventative and therapeutic arenas. This review focuses on these advances and discusses both preventive and immunotherapeutic clinical applications.
Inclusion Body Myositis: A Degenerative Muscle Disease Associated with Intra-Muscle Fiber Multi-Protein Aggregates, Proteasome Inhibition, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Decreased Lysosomal Degradation

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (s-IBM), the most common muscle disease of older persons, is of unknown cause, and there is no enduring treatment. Abnormal accumulation of intracellular multi-protein inclusions is a characteristic feature of the s-IBM phenotype, and as such s-IBM can be considered a “conformational disorder,” caused by protein unfolding/misfolding combined with the formation of inclusion bodies. Abnormal intracellular accumulation of unfolded proteins may lead to their aggregation and inclusion body formation. The present article is focusing on the multiple proteins that are accumulated in the form of aggregates within s-IBM muscle fibers, and it explores the most recent research advances directed toward a better understanding of mechanisms causing their impaired degradation and abnormal aggregation. We illustrate that, among other factors, abnormal misfolding, accumulation and aggregation of proteins are associated with their inadequate disposal— and these factors are combined with, and perhaps provoked by, an aging intracellular milieu. Other concurrent and possibly provocative phenomena known within s-IBM muscle fibers are: endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, mitochondrial abnormalities, proteasome inhibition, lysosome abnormality and endodissolution. Together, these appear to lead to the s-IBM-specific vacuolar degeneration, and muscle fiber atrophy, concluding with muscle fiber death.
Sciatic hernia: a comprehensive review of the world literature (1900-2008)

Abstract Background Sciatic hernias are considered the rarest pelvic floor hernias, with a very limited number of published reports worldwide. The condition has received limited attention in the surgical literature. Data sources The data reported herein are based on a literature review including MEDLINE and CURRENT CONTENTS computerized database searches. The existing bibliographies on sciatic hernia were explored for articles pertaining to the review. Finally, the Internet was searched for articles not listed in the available medical databases. Conclusions Sciatic hernia is unusual, and can present the physician with diagnostic and treatment dilemmas. The hernia may present with obscure pelvic pain, intestinal obstruction, life-threatening gluteal sepsis, or as an asymptomatic, reducible mass that distorts the gluteal fold. Small sciatic hernia can remain hidden behind the gluteus maximus muscle. The diagnosis requires imaging studies in such cases. Treatment of sciatic hernia is always surgical and requires prosthetic reinforcement for the best result.
Effect of harmonics on watthour meter-computer simulation model

An analytical method using the generalized theory of electrical machines is used to study the effect of harmonics on the watthour meter. A computer simulation was performed to investigate the effect of harmonics on the watthour meter. The results revealed that the speed of the disk of the watthour meter will decrease as the frequency is increased. >
Magnetogasdynamic shock polar for aligned fields

An equation for magnetogasdynamic shock polar, given in terms of magnetic induction polar variables (i.e. the magnetic induction polar), is obtained. Evolutionary and entropy non-decrease conditions, given in terms of these polar variables, assume a very simple form, and admit immediate geometrical interpretation. It is found that this magnetic induction polar is far more natural and convenient to use than the shock polar given in terms of conventional velocity polar variables.
Categories of Timed Stochastic Relations

Stochastic behavior-the probabilistic evolution of a system in time-is essential to modeling the complexity of real-world systems. It enables realistic performance modeling, quality-of-service guarantees, and especially simulations for biological systems. Languages like the stochastic pi calculus have emerged as effective tools to describe and reason about systems exhibiting stochastic behavior. These languages essentially denote continuous-time stochastic processes, obtained through an operational semantics in a probabilistic transition system. In this paper we seek a more descriptive foundation for the semantics of stochastic behavior using categories and monads. We model a first-order imperative language with stochastic delay by identifying probabilistic choice and delay as separate effects, modeling each with a monad, and combining the monads to build a model for the stochastic language.
Diode-laser-to-waveguide butt coupling: extremely short external cavity

An ultrashort composite cavity (≤10 µm in length) laser diode was used to verify experimentally a butt-coupling model that considers interference inside the external cavity and its influence on laser operation. The fine structure of an experimental coupled power versus laser-to-fiber separation curve is explained when a complex coupling coefficient is introduced into the model. The importance of the phase term of this coefficient and regions of validity of the modified butt-coupling model are also discussed.
In APCs, the autologous peptides selected by the diabetogenic I-Ag7 molecule are unique and determined by the amino acid changes in the P9 pocket

We demonstrate in this study the great degree of specificity in peptides selected by a class II MHC molecule during processing. In this specific case of the diabetogenic I-Ag7 molecule, the P9 pocket of I-Ag7 plays a critical role in determining the final outcome of epitope selection, a conclusion that is important in interpreting the role of this molecule in autoimmunity. Specifically, we examined the display of naturally processed peptides from APCs expressing either I-Ag7 molecules or a mutant I-Ag7 molecule in which the β57Ser residue was changed to an Asp residue. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified over 50 naturally processed peptides selected by I-Ag7-expressing APCs. Many peptides were selected as families with a core sequence and variable flanks. Peptides selected by I-Ag7 were unusually rich in the presence of acidic residues toward their C termini. Many peptides contained short sequences of two to three acidic residues. In binding analysis, we determined the core sequences of many peptides and the interaction of the acidic residues with the P9 pocket. However, different sets of peptides were isolated from APCs bearing a modified I-Ag7 molecule. These peptides did not favor acidic residues toward the carboxyl terminus.
New Drugs on the Horizon: Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes involved in a number of normal cellular processes, such as regulation of endometrial growth and menstruation, and abnormal processes, such as tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. There are now 18 distinct enzymes that fall into three functional classifications based on their substrate target: collagenases which degrade fibrillar collagen; gelatinases which degrade denatured and basement membrane collagens, and stromelysins which degrade proteoglycans and glycoproteins. The MMPs can also be separated into five categories based on structural and functional similarities.
Professionally-Led Support Groups for Cancer Patients: An Intervention in Search of a Model

OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to evaluate the clinical and research literature on professionally-led support groups for cancer patients and to propose an approach that would address patients' needs from diagnosis through survivorship. METHOD Computerized and manual searches, including Medline and Psychlit searches, were completed for reviews of the literature. Twelve research studies were identified that met our criteria for in-depth review. A clinical model emerged from discussions of an oncology study group based on theoretical formulations and clinical experience with oncology patients. RESULTS We found that recent research suggests that professionally-led support groups are increasing in number and that participation in such groups seems to enhance patients' quality, and possibly even quantity, of survival. Despite this, little effort has been made to determine what type of group may be appropriate for which patients and when in their course of care. CONCLUSIONS If psychosocial intervention, in the form of professionally-led support groups for cancer patients, is to be more effective, it should be guided by a model which takes into consideration the changing needs and concerns of patients over the course of illness and, in many cases, recovery. The authors present an outline delineating what such a model might entail.
Women's health research and health leadership: benchmarks of the continuum.

Bringing the appropriate attention to research on women’s health is a process that has evolved in tandem with our understanding and acceptance during the past four decades of women as individuals with rights and roles in society equal to as well as different from those of men. Thanks to the
Diet and exercise for perimenopausal women lifestyle interventions can decrease cardiovascular risk.

Earlier this year, the American Heart Association and multiple partner professional organizations published evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women ([1][1]). These guidelines highlight the top priority of incorporating into clinical practice the advocacy of
The Use of Microdispensers with Spatial Repellents for Personal Protection Against Mosquito Biting

Mosquito-borne pathogens affect millions of people worldwide. This work describes a new method to deliver spatial repellents. Functional microdispensers (FMDs) were designed to deliver spatial repellents against mosquitoes. In vivo trials showed that FMDs protect human subjects against mosquitoes by reducing 70–90% of bites received, with a protection that lasted up to 4 weeks. FMDs can be cost-effectively implemented as wearable or field-dispensed devices for local area protection, defined as a confined geographical region.
Stress and psychopathology in the aged.

There is a general agreement that the elderly experience a higher proportion of significant life event changes than the younger adult population, and research suggests that life event changes often precede episodes of psychiatric illness. It is also evident, however, that most people over 60 successfully adapt to their changing circumstances without psychiatric disorders. Clearly, the presence of certain physical, psychological, and social mediators may modify the stress response in a predictable fashion. Off-time life events, absence of a confidante, and intrapunitive personality, and a dependence on alcohol, psychotropic, and sedative/hypnotic medications are all examples of mediators that indicate an individual who may be at risk. It is our hope that researchers will continue to identify specific risk factors associated with psychiatric illness in the elderly for use in designing specific prevention and intervention programs for those at risk. Language: en
Thermal Stimulation Based Methane Production from Hydrate Bearing Quartz Sediment

Natural gas hydrates represent a potentially substantial unconventional natural gas resource and the recovery of permafrost hydrates has seen significant attention over the past decade. Laboratory study of different growth and dissociation methods is an important step in the development of gas hydrate production methods. The formation and dissociation behavior of gas hydrates in quartz sand sediment is investigated on a large laboratory scale reactor with a sample volume of 59.3 L. Hydrate saturations of 10% and 30% pore space volume are dissociated via a point source thermal stimulation method using both a low heating rate of 20 W and a high heating rate of 100 W. Hydrate growth via gas invasion method resulted in nonhomogenous hydrate formation. Secondary hydrate formation was observed during prolonged hydrate formation periods in a quasi-repeatable manner. Peak efficiency rates of gas production ranged from 91% to 72% and net “end of test” efficiencies from 86% to 41%. Higher initial hydrate saturation...
Pauline Frederick Reporting: A Pioneering Broadcaster Covers the Cold War: By Marilyn S. Greenwald Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2014, 332 pp.

As longtime broadcaster Marlene Sanders suggests in her foreword to this work, many of today's broadcasters are unaware of Pauline Frederick, who broke ground for subsequent generations of women ne...
In Silico Prediction of Post-translational Modifications

Methods for predicting protein post-translational modifications have been developed extensively. In this chapter, we review major post-translational modification prediction strategies, with a particular focus on statistical and machine learning approaches. We present the workflow of the methods and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the methods.
A Simple Method for Determination of Current Open Flow Potential in Gas Well without Repeating Well Testing

Open flow potential will drop down with decline of formation pressure in a gas well. During process of development, the open flow potential is normally calculated by correlation of the formation pressure and the potential derived from a general equation of gas well productivity in order to get the current open flow potential of the gas well. The given parameters include the open flow potential of deliverability test, the current formation pressure, the natural gas viscosity and deviation factor corresponding to formation pressures. The case calculation shows that this method is effective, simple and easy to use.
Comparison of the Forest Environments of the Emei Mountain and Shennongjia Areas with the Habitat Characters of the Wild Giant Pandas

In this paper,analysis was made of the differences between the present distribution areas of the giant pandas( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) with the Emei Mountain( where pandas were once found after1980s) and Shennongjia Nature Reserve( where pandas had disappeared many years ago) according to the natural geographical environments,staple food bamboos' distribution patterns and the plant genus flora characteristics of vegetation. The results showed that the Emei Mountain belonged to the giant pandas distribution ranges,but the longitude of Shennongjia was out of the present giant pandas' distribution. There were no obvious differences among environmental factors,bamboo distribution patterns and the plant genus flora characteristics. The vertical distribution characters of forest vegetation were very similar. Historically,the social economics developed persistently and anthropogenic impacts increased unceasingly so that giant pandas disappeared afterwards in the Emei Mountain and Shennongjia Nature Reserve.
Modular Collective Action

In the mid-1780s, as the foundations of France's old regime were crumbling, a series of scandal trials began to appear in Paris. In one of the most notorious, the Cleraux affair, a servant who had resisted the advances of her master was accused of robbing him and was hauled into court. Not only was the case decided in her favor ( pace Dickens), but a wave of popular outrage against the courts and the lewd master surged across Paris. In a routine that had become familiar by the late eighteenth century, the master's house was sacked, his goods thrown into the street, and he himself barely saved from the fury of the crowd. A contemporary observer described the emotion in this way: What violences! What tumults! A furious multitude filled the streets, straining to tear down the Thibault house with an ax, then threatening to burn it; covering the family with curses and outrages; almost sacrificing them to their hatred. (Lusebrink 1983: 375–6) The affair contributed to the atmosphere of corruption surrounding the Old Regime, but its forms and its rhetoric were familiar from the European past. Sixty years later, in February 1848, Alexis de Tocqueville left his house for parliament amid the tumult of Paris in revolution. Along his route, as citizens quietly watched, men were systematically putting up barricades. “These barricades,” he observed, were skillfully constructed by a small number of men who worked industriously – not like criminals fearful of being caught in flagrante delicto , but like good workmen who wanted to do their job expeditiously and well. […]
Comprehensive study to enable successful probing of GaN wafer technology

The power MOSFET wafers which base on silicon substrates are almost reaching end of road, lacking on both performance and cost. It was widely predicted in the industry that next generation wafers should come from Gallium Nitride (GaN) substrate. This new material is expected to be the dominant technology due to its competitive in almost all aspects. Many high power device providers are making deep dive efforts, hopefully to penetrate market earlier than all other competitors. The challenges in achieving that target include facing some of the strangest issues. One of the issues faced in GaN HEMT wafer is not able to perform proper testing as it is a normally-on device. A lot of efforts were invested into developing breakthrough probing process in order to determine quality of device before going into assembly packaging. In the process to develop robust probing methodology, there were many quality occurrences and concerns. Multiple rounds of evaluations were executed and finally obtained few robust options. Upon actual verifications, a new improved probing methodology was selected. It could provide reasonable and reliable measuring performance while concluding new circuits should be redesigned at wafer level. With this new probing method, time to market could reach extremely good performance, enabling competitive advantage in market penetration.
Luteal start vaginal micronized progesterone improves pregnancy success in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of luteal start vaginal micronized P in a recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cohort. Design Observational cohort study using prospectively collected data. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Women seen between 2004 and 2012 with a history of two or more unexplained pregnancy losses Intervention(s) Vaginal micronized P was prescribed at a dose of 100–200 mg every 12 hours starting 3 days after LH surge (luteal start) if glandular epithelial nuclear cyclin E (nCyclinE) expression was elevated (>20%) in endometrial glands or empirically despite normal nCyclinE (≤20%). Women with normal nCyclinE (≤20%) who did not receive P were used as controls. Main Outcome Measure(s) Pregnancy success was an ongoing pregnancy >10 weeks in size. Result(s) One hundred sixteen women met the inclusion criteria, of whom 51% (n = 59) had elevated nCyclinE and 49% (n = 57) had normal nCyclinE. Pregnancy success in the 59 women with elevated nCyclinE significantly improved after intervention: 6% (16/255) in prior pregnancies versus 69% (57/83) in subsequent pregnancies. Pregnancy success in subsequent pregnancies was higher in women prescribed vaginal micronized P compared with controls: 68% (86/126) versus 51% (19/37); odds ratio=2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.0–4.4). Conclusion(s) In this study, we found that the use of luteal start vaginal micronized P was associated with improved pregnancy success in a strictly defined cohort of women with RPL.
Electronic health record innovations: Helping physicians – One less click at a time

Background:Physician burnout is becoming an epidemic, due to the pressures of being productive, an imperfect electronic health record (EHR) system, and limited face-to-face time with patients. Poor usability in EHR-user interface can force users to go through more steps (i.e. more clicks on the computer) in accomplishing a task.Objective:This increased ‘click burden’ is a source of frustration for physicians. In the light of increased click burden and time due to meaningful use requirements, there is a need to improve the physician’s experience by creating innovations in EHR.Method:This case study describes an attempt by physicians at NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital to enhance the EHR experience with more efficient methods of documentation, chart review, ordering and patient safety.Results:The EHR innovations trialled in this study were: a mobile documentation application; abnormal test results auto-populated into an EHR patient summary; physician alerts to reduce inappropriate test order...
Sublimation pit distribution indicates convection cell surface velocities of ∼10 cm per year in Sputnik Planitia, Pluto

The ∼10^6 km^2 Sputnik Planitia, Pluto is the upper surface of a vast basin of nitrogen ice. Cellular landforms in Sputnik Planitia with areas in the range of a few × 10^2–10^3 km^2 are likely the surface manifestation of convective overturn in the nitrogen ice. The cells have sublimation pits on them, with smaller pits near their centers and larger pits near their edges. We map pits on seven cells and find that the pit radii increase by between 2.1 ± 0.4 × 10^(−3) and 5.9 ± 0.8 × 10^(−3) m m^(−1) away from the cell center, depending on the cell. This is a lower bound on the size increase because of the finite resolution of the data. Accounting for resolution yields upper bounds on the size vs. distance distribution of between 4.2 ± 0.2 × 10^(−3) and 23.4 ± 1.5 × 10^(−3)m m^(−1). We then use an analytic model to calculate that pit radii grow via sublimation at a rate of 3.6_(−0.6)^(+2.1)×10^(−4) m yr^(−1), which allows us to convert the pit size vs. distance distribution into a pit age vs. distance distribution. This yields surface velocities between 1.5_(−0.2)^(+1.0) and 6.2_(−1.4)^(+3.4) cm yr^(−1) for the slowest cell and surface velocities between 8.1_(−1.0)^(+5.5) and 17.9_(−5.1)^(+8.9) cm yr^(−1) for the fastest cell. These convection rates imply that the surface ages at the edge of cells reach ∼4.2–8.9 × 10^5 yr. The rates are comparable to rates of ∼6 cm yr^(−1) that were previously obtained from modeling of the convective overturn in Sputnik Planitia (McKinnon et al., 2016). Finally, we investigate the surface rheology of the convection cells and estimate that the minimum ice viscosity necessary to support the geometry of the observed pits is of order 10^(16)–10^(17) Pa s, based on the argument that pits would relax away before growing to their observed radii of several hundred meters if the viscosity were lower than this value.
Abstract 631: Nox1-Mediated CREB Promotes Gremlin1-Induced Endothelial Cell (EC) Proliferation

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating, rapidly degenerating disease characterized by lung vascular cell proliferation/remodeling and elevated vascular pressure leading ...
eIF4E phosphorylation regulates ongoing pain, independently of inflammation, and hyperalgesic priming in the mouse CFA model

Mitogen activated protein kinase-interacting kinase (MNK)-mediated phosphorylation of the mRNA cap binding protein eIF4E controls the translation of a subset of mRNAs that are involved in neuronal and immune plasticity. MNK-eIF4E signaling plays a crucial role in the response of nociceptors to injury and/or inflammatory mediators. This signaling pathway controls changes in excitability that drive acute pain sensitization as well as the translation of mRNAs, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that enhance plasticity between dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors and second order neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. However, since MNK-eIF4E signaling also regulates immune responses, we sought to assess whether decreased pain responses are coupled to decreased inflammatory responses in mice lacking MNK-eIF4E signaling. Our results show that while inflammation resolves more quickly in mice lacking MNK-eIF4E signaling, peak inflammatory responses measured with infrared imaging are not altered in the absence of this signaling pathway even though pain responses are significantly decreased. We also find that inflammation fails to produce hyperalgesic priming, a model for the transition to a chronic pain state, in mice lacking MNK-eIF4E signaling. We conclude that MNK-eIF4E signaling is a critical signaling pathway for the generation of nociceptive plasticity leading to acute pain responses to inflammation and the development of hyperalgesic priming.
Measuring rootworm refuge function: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera emergence and mating in seed blend and strip refuges for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize

BACKGROUND Current insect resistance management plans rely on refuges of plants without Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins to provide a gene pool of unexposed insects. Insects from refuges must mate with insects from Bt maize to slow resistance evolution. We used stable isotope labeling to observe Diabrotica virgifera virgifera emergence, dispersal, physical characteristics, and mating in Bt and refuge maize planted in different refuge configurations. Our objective was to assess how refuge type facilitates mating between insects from Bt and refuge plants. RESULTS Mating between D. v. virgifera beetles from different plant types was more likely in seed blends compared with strip refuges. Adult D. v. virgifera from refuge plants emerged before those from Bt plants. In strip refuges, D. v. virgifera from refuge plants did not disperse far from refuge boundaries. Larval host plant type did not affect adult size. Larger males and females were more likely to mate. Low proportions of D. v. virgifera from refuge plants were found in 5% seed blend refuges. CONCLUSION Seed blend refuges can help to facilitate gene flow between D. v. virgifera beetles from Bt and refuge maize, but current approaches do not meaningfully contribute to delaying resistance because numbers of refuge beetles produced are insufficient. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Breaking the Address Translation Wall by Accelerating Memory Replays

Emerging software stacks continue to process ever-increasing amounts of data, posing a performance challenge to the virtual memory layer of modern computer systems. In particular, address translation is now an acute system performance bottleneck. In response, we propose a class of cache prefetchers triggered by page table walk (PTW) activity. Our scheme-translation-enabled memory prefetching optimizations (TEMPO)-hinges on two observations. First, a substantial fraction of DRAM references in modern big-data workloads are devoted to accessing page tables (PTs). Second, when memory references require PT lookups in DRAM, the majority of them also look up DRAM for the subsequent data access. TEMPO exploits these observations to enable cache prefetching of the data pointed to by the PT. TEMPO requires only modest changes to hardware and no OS or application-level changes. Overall, TEMPO improves performance by 10-30 percent and energy by 1-14 percent.