cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
He+-induced auger electron studies in carbon-containing molecules

He+-induced KLL Auger electron spectra of energy resolution 0.3 and 0.6 eV have been measured for incident energies of 0.45 to 2.1 MeV for several simple carbon-containing compounds (CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, CO, CO2, CF4, and C2F6). The indicate that line widths and energies of major lines in the hydrocarbons and in CO induced by He+ bombardment do not appear to be different from those produced by e− bombardment. Differences of more than 30% are observed in the measured relative He+-induced Auger yields, and we attempt to reproduce the observed variations in yield by scaling first to an effective carbon valence number and second with the use of electron scattering cross sections. Results of a preliminary analysis of the Auger line structure are reported.
An Overview of Plastics Recycling

Abstract In 1980, plastic in the United States has overtaken steel on a volume basis as the dominant material. Though recycling of iron and steel goes back to the early years of United States history, plastics recycling is in its infancy. Today, plastics recycling is an urgent necessity as petrochemical raw materials, energy, and disposal become more costly.
Ares I Flight Control System Design

The Ares I launch vehicle represents a challenging flex-body structural environment for flight control system design. This paper presents a design methodology for employing numerical optimization to develop the Ares I flight control system. The design objectives include attitude tracking accuracy and robust stability with respect to rigid body dynamics, propellant slosh, and flex. Under the assumption that the Ares I time-varying dynamics and control system can be frozen over a short period of time, the flight controllers are designed to stabilize all selected frozen-time launch control systems in the presence of parametric uncertainty. Flex filters in the flight control system are designed to minimize the flex components in the error signals before they are sent to the attitude controller. To ensure adequate response to guidance command, step response specifications are introduced as constraints in the optimization problem. Imposing these constraints minimizes performance degradation caused by the addition of the flex filters. The first stage bending filter design achieves stability by adding lag to the first structural frequency to phase stabilize the first flex mode while gain stabilizing the higher modes. The upper stage bending filter design gain stabilizes all the flex bending modes. The flight control system designs provided here have been demonstrated to provide stable first and second stage control systems in both Draper Ares Stability Analysis Tool (ASAT) and the MSFC 6DOF nonlinear time domain simulation.
Effects of endothelin on mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and protein synthesis in isolated adult feline cardiac myocytes

Abstract The growth-promoting effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) were examined in adult heart cells. The activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was measured in cytosolic extracts of isolated adult feline cardiac myocytes incubated with and without ET-1. Kinase activity was assessed by phosphorylation of the exogenous substrate, myelin basic protein. ET-1 stimulated the activity of MAPK up to 4-fold, with peak activation occurring between five and ten minutes after addition of ET-1. Polyclonal antisera raised against a 14-amino acid sequence of the erk -2 gene product, a MAPK isoform, identified two major bands in cytosolic extracts of the cardiac myocytes. Partial purification of kinase activities using Mono Q anion-exchange chromatography demonstrated two major peaks of myelin basic protein kinase activity. Subsequent immunoblots of the eluted fractions demonstrated that the immunoreactive bands observed in the cytosolic extracts eluted in those fractions possessing kinase activity. Overnight pretreatment of the cardiac myocytes with 100 ng/ml pertussis toxin inhibited the ET-1-stimulated increase in MAPK activity by 50–70%, but did not alter stimulation by 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). These data suggest that stimulation of MAPK by ET-1 may be mediated by more than one pathway. MAPK has been shown to be activated in the intracellular transmission of growth factor signals. Indicative of a growth effect in this adult heart cell model, myocytes exposed to increasing concentrations of ET-1 demonstrated a dose dependent increase in [ 3 H]-phenylalanine incorporation into cellular protein. This response was blocked by staurosporine and partially inhibited by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, again suggesting the possible involvement of multiple early signals. These data from isolated adult cardiac myocytes further support the hypothesis that ET-1 has a role in the regulation of cardiac growth.
Direct measurement of shear properties of microfibers

As novel fibers with enhanced mechanical properties continue to be synthesized and developed, the ability to easily and accurately characterize these materials becomes increasingly important. Here we present a design for an inexpensive tabletop instrument to measure shear modulus (G) and other longitudinal shear properties of a micrometer-sized monofilament fiber sample, such as nonlinearities and hysteresis. This automated system applies twist to the sample and measures the resulting torque using a sensitive optical detector that tracks a torsion reference. The accuracy of the instrument was verified by measuring G for high purity copper and tungsten fibers, for which G is well known. Two industrially important fibers, IM7 carbon fiber and Kevlar® 119, were also characterized with this system and were found to have G = 16.5 ± 2.1 and 2.42 ± 0.32 GPa, respectively.
Conservation of δ-crystallin gene structure between ducks and chickens

A cloned chicken δ-crystallin cDNA was used to identify two putative δ-crystallin genes in the duck by Southern blot hybridization. A DNA fragment containing most of one of these genes was isolated from a library made in bacteriophage λ Charon 28A containing genomic DNA from 14-day-old embryonic ducks. Electron microscopy, partial gene sequencing, primer extension analysis using duck mRNA, and comparison with the well-characterized chicken δ-crystallin genes suggest that our cloned duck δ-crystallin gene, like the chicken δ-crystallin genes, is 8–10 kb long and contains 17 exons. Hybridization and sequencing data show great similarity between the homologous 5′ untraslated and coding exons of the duck and chicken δ-crystallin genes. Overall, the homologous introns also appear to have approximately 30% sequence similarity, and have been subject to deletion/insertion events. Our partial characterization of duck δ-crystallin gene sequences suggests that this avian and reptilian crystallin family has been conserved during evolution, as have the other crystallin gene families that are expressed in the eye lens.
Chow Bahir rift: A “failed” rift in southern Ethiopia

The Chow Bahir rift system is a major graben in a 300-km-broad rift zone recognized in southern Ethiopia between the Kenyan and Ethiopian domes where the East African rift is not well defined. An extinct (failed) rift discovered along the Omo Canyon to the north and on strike with the Chow Bahir rift ceased activity about 4 m.y. ago. Chow Bahir is in a younger stage of abandonment as the main Ethiopian rift propagates south into this region.
Effects of Estradiol Treatment on Rabbit Luteal Adenylyl Cyclase: Loss of Luteinizing Hormone Receptors andAttenuation of the Regulatory N Component Activity

We have reported previously that exogenously administered estradiol (E2) results in attenuation of the LH response of rabbit luteal adenylyl cyclase (∽50% less activity than control). This was accompanied by a much lesser reduction in the response of the system to the β-adrenergic agonist isopro-terenol (∽35% less activity than control). The purpose of the study reported here was to determine if the decreased responsiveness of adenylyl cyclase was the result of altered hormone receptor levels. To this end, hormone receptors were assessed by Scatchard analysis of specific binding. We confirmed that 4-day E2 treatments, which elevated serum E2 levels from 5 to 21 pg/ml, resulted in decreases in LH- and isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities by 52% and 20%, respectively. In addition, we found that NaF-stimulated activity was also decreased by 20%. Basal adenylyl cyclase activity was unaffected. Upon assessment of the LH and β-adrenergic receptor levels in luteal membranes, we found that E2 trea...
Case report 618

A patient with a history of angioblastic meningioma 7 years previously developed lytic metastatic disease to the femur at two separate sites. The controversy in terminology of angioblastic meningioma and hemangiopericytoma and the similarity in radiological and pathological appearance of primary and metastatic hemangiopericytoma of bone illustrate the need for an accurate clinical history to arrive at a correct diagnosis.
Intrinsic viscosity of polyelectrolytes in salt solutions

The dependence of the intrinsic viscosity of polyelectrolytes on the concentration of added salt is given satisfactorily by a formula obtained recently. A new viscosity—molecular weight relation gives satisfactory agreement with experiments.
Quality of life and health-risk behaviors among adolescents.

Abstract Purpose: To assess the association between health-risk behaviors and self-perceived quality of life among adolescents Methods: A sample of 2801 students (957 seventh and eighth graders and 1844 ninth through twelfth graders) completed the Teen Assessment Survey (TAP) and the surveillance module of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument (YQOL-S). TAP responses were used to determine health-risks related to tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit drug use, and high risk sexual behavior. Separate multivariate analyses of variance showed mean differences in contextual and perceptual items of the YQOL-S for each health-risk behavior. Differences among engagers (adolescents who often engage), experimenters (occasionally engage), and abstainers (never engage) in the health-risk behavior were evaluated by gender and junior/senior high school groups. Results: In general, adolescent abstainers reported higher quality of life (QoL) than engagers and experimenters on YQOL-S items. Adolescents who engaged in multiple risk behaviors scored even lower than those who engaged in only one health-risk behavior. Experimenters tended to rate their QoL more similar to that of abstainers than to that of engagers. Conclusions: The framework of QoL proved useful in the evaluation of adolescents' engagement in health-risk behaviors. Additionally, assessing the areas of QoL that differ between the groups may provide information for planning interventions aimed at risk reduction among engagers and experimenters.
Vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase and the vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation system

Vitamin K is an essential cofactor for post translational gamma-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. The modification is carried out by a system of integral proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane where the warfarin sensitive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) produces the reduced hydroquinone form of vitamin K (vit.KH(2)) needed by the gamma-carboxylase as the active cofactor. Currently, we have only limited knowledge about how the system functions at the molecular level. VKOR harbors a thiol red/ox center that is essential for electron transfer leading to vitamin K reduction. Reduction of this center with hydrophilic and hydrophobic trialkylphosphines shows that it is located in a hydrophobic environment which must be accessible by an as yet unidentified in vivo reductant of the center. Furthermore, we have addressed the question of whether VKOR or the gamma-carboxylase is the rate-limiting step in the vitamin K-dependent gamma-caboxylation system. A detailed kinetic analysis of an in vitro preparation of the system was undertaken in which gamma-carboxylation of the carboxylase peptide substrate FLEEL was measured as the gamma-carboxylation capacity of the system. Adding VKOR to the test system increased the gamma-carboxylation capacity of the system suggesting that VKOR is the rate-limiting step in the system. This finding puts VKOR in a central position to regulate biosynthesis of biologically active vitamin K-dependent proteins.
Evaluation of thermo-mechanical and thermal behavior of full-scale energy foundations

Eight full-scale energy foundations were constructed for a new building at the US Air Force Academy. The foundations are being used to demonstrate this technology to the United States Department of Defense and have several experimental features in order to study their thermal–mechanical behavior. Three of the foundations are instrumented with strain gages and thermistors, and their thermo-mechanical response during a heating and cooling test was evaluated. For a temperature increase of 18 °C, the maximum thermal axial stress ranged from 4.0 to 5.1 MPa, which is approximately 25 % of the compressive strength of concrete (estimated at 21 MPa), and the maximum upward displacement ranged from 1.4 to 1.7 mm, which should not cause angular distortions sufficient enough to cause structural or aesthetic damage of the building. The end restraint provided by the building was observed to change depending on the location of the foundation. The heat flux per meter was measured by evaluating the temperatures and flow rates of a heat exchanger fluid entering and exiting the foundations. The heat flux values were consistent with those in the literature, and the foundation with the three continuous heat exchanger loops was found to have the greatest heat flux per meter. The transient thermal conductivity of the subsurface measured using the temperatures of the subsurface surrounding the foundation ranged from 2.0 to 2.3 W/mK, which is consistent with results from thermal response tests on energy foundations reported in the literature.
HAVEN: Holistic load balancing and auto scaling in the cloud

Load balancing and auto scaling are important services in the cloud. Traditionally, load balancing is achieved through either hardware or software appliances. Hardware appliances perform well but have several drawbacks. They are fairly expensive and are typically bought for managing peaks even if average volumes are 10% of peak. Further, they lack flexibility in terms of adding custom load balancing algorithms. They also lack multi-tenancy support. To address these concerns, most public clouds have adopted software load balancers that typically also comprise an auto scaling service. However, software load balancers do not match the performance of hardware load balancers. In order to avoid a single point of failure, they also require complex clustering solutions which further drives their cost higher. In this context, we present HAVEN—a system for holistic load balancing and auto scaling in a multi-tenant cloud environment that is naturally distributed, and hence scalable. It supports multi-tenancy and takes into account the utilization levels of different resources as part of its load balancing and auto scaling algorithms. HAVEN leverages software-defined networking to ensure that while the load balancing algorithm (control plane) executes on a server running network controller software, the packets to be load balanced never leave the data plane. For this reason, HAVEN is able to provide performance at par with a hardware load balancer while still providing the flexibility and customizability of a software load balancer. We validate HAVEN on a hardware setup and our experiments confirm that it achieves high performance without any significant overheads.
New mandate: Reporting on internal controls

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act continues to change the financial reporting landscape for publicly held companies. Public firms and their auditors face a new mandate: Make sure internal controls exist to prevent or detect fraud. And beginning in 2004, they must report on how effective the company's internal controls really are. This will have a big impact on internal auditors' fees. More importantly, what must you do to meet the new requirements? © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teaching General Chemistry and Making a Difference

The expectations for introductory chemistry classes involve different priorities for the students and instructors. Students expect a course to meet their programmatic needs, to maintain their interest, and to be easily achievable. How instructors have met these expectations has probably changed over the last several decades, although instruction has not kept up with our knowledge about how students learn. A change in strategies is suggested.
Local behavioral rules sustain the cell allocation pattern in the combs of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)

In the beeswax combs of honey bees, the cells of brood, pollen, and honey have a consistent spatial pattern that is sustained throughout the life of a colony. This spatial pattern is believed to emerge from simple behavioral rules that specify how the queen moves, where foragers deposit honey/pollen and how honey/pollen is consumed from cells. Prior work has shown that a set of such rules can explain the formation of the allocation pattern starting from an empty comb. We show that these rules cannot maintain the pattern once the brood start to vacate their cells, and we propose new, biologically realistic rules that better sustain the observed allocation pattern. We analyze the three resulting models by performing hundreds of simulation runs over many gestational periods and a wide range of parameter values. We develop new metrics for pattern assessment and employ them in analyzing pattern retention over each simulation run. Applied to our simulation results, these metrics show alteration of an accepted model for honey/pollen consumption based on local information can stabilize the cell allocation pattern over time. We also show that adding global information, by biasing the queen's movements towards the center of the comb, expands the parameter regime over which pattern retention occurs.
Analyses of inverted ciliary rows in Paramecium. combined light and electron microscopic observations

Summary Many visible cytoskeletal and membranous differentiations organized around the basal bodies of ciliate protozoa reveal asymmetry (left-right) and/or polarity (anteriorposterior) in their organization. These cortical differentiations serve as orientation markers in analyses of cellular patterning and morphogenesis. We performed an integrated light and transmission electron microscopic analysis of 180° rotated (inverted) regions of the cortex of Paramecium . The internal organization of cortical units, and the ciliary rows they form, is unaffected by the inversion. Nevertheless, cortical structures in an inverted region show a reorientation (with respect to cellular axes) consistent with a planar 180° rotation of the affected ciliary rows. Typically-oriented regions adjacent to the inversion are unaffected by the inversion. A cell with an inversion displays two boundaries (junctures), with characteristic morphology, between normally-oriented cortex and the inversion. Therefore, the inversion is expressed as a reorientation of the affected cortical units relative to the cell's orthogonal axes, but does not disrupt the internal organization of those cortical units. Cortical inversions are clonally stable during continued asexual propagation, and also through sexual exchanges. These observations demonstrated that significant differences in cellular phenotype can be sustained in cell lines in the absence of genotypic differences.
Regulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression by Transforming Growth Factor-β-induced Physical and Functional Interactions between Smads and Sp1

Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily mediate a broad range of biological activities by regulating the expression of target genes. Smad proteins play a critical role in this process by binding directly to the promoter elements and/or associating with other transcription factors. TGF-β1 up-regulates several genes transcriptionally through Sp1 binding sites; however, the mechanism of TGF-β induction of gene expression through Sp1 sites is largely unknown. Here we report the identification of a novel 38-base pair TGF-β-responsive element in the human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promoter, which contains two Sp1 binding sites, and is required for TGF-β-induced Smad-dependent transcriptional activation. Three canonical Sp1 binding sites also support strong transcriptional activation by TGF-β and Smads from a minimal heterologous promoter. TGF-β induction of PAI-1 and p21 is blocked by the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin, implicating Sp1 in the in vivo regulation of these genes by TGF-β. We show that the association between endogenous Sp1 and Smad3 is induced by TGF-β in several cell lines; however, Smad4 shows constitutive interaction with Sp1. These data provide novel insights into the mechanism by which TGF-β up-regulates several gene expression by activating Sp1-dependent transcription through the induction of Smad/Sp1 complex formation.
Existence and Uniqueness of Multi-Agent Equilibrium in a Stochastic, Dynamic Consumption/Investment Model

We consider an economy in which a set of agents own productive assets which provide commodity dividend streams, and the agents also receive individual commodity income streams, over a finite time horizon. The agents can buy and sell the commodity at a certain spot price and buy and sell their shares of the productive assets. The proceeds can be invested in financial assets whose prices are modelled as semimartingales. Each agent's objective is to choose a commodity consumption process and to manage his portfolio so as to maximize the expected utility of his consumption, subject to having nonnegative wealth at the terminal time. We derive the optimal agent consumption and investment decision processes when the prices of the productive assets and commodity spot prices are specified. We prove the existence and uniqueness of an "equilibrium" commodity spot price process and productive asset prices. When the agents solve their individual optimization problems using the equilibrium prices, all of the commodity is exactly consumed as it is received, all of the productive assets are exactly owned and the financial markets are in zero net supply.
Managing Chronic Pain with Nonopioid Analgesics: A Multidisciplinary Consult

As detailed in this online CME activity (www.cmeaccess.com/AJM/ChronicPain04), determining pain mechanism is an important aspect guiding treatment selection for chronic musculoskeletal pain states. Although broad classifications provide a framework, any combination of mechanisms may be present in a chronic pain patient, and there is growing evidence that pain states generally considered nociceptive may also involve elements of augmented central nervous system pain processing. Nonopioid analgesics, including serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and alpha-2-delta ligand anticonvulsants, are the treatments of choice for fibromyalgia and other central neuropathic pain states. Additionally, studies have now shown that certain SNRIs can be effective in treating "classic" nociceptive pain states, such as osteoarthritis, and also are effective for low back pain. In addition to considering biological mechanisms, chronic pain management also involves recognizing and evaluating the contribution of psychological and sociocultural factors that can influence pain chronicity and patient prognosis. A multimodal/multidisciplinary approach incorporating pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy into a program that includes more than 1 discipline is important to improve outcomes in patients with chronic pain.
Euro Swap Spreads

The Euro swaps market is among the largest financial markets in the world. In Europe, the swap curve is arguably the benchmark. Euro swap-government spreads are highly liquid trading vehicles even as they have become increasingly stable in the past three years. Drivers of the most actively traded spread, between the ten-year euro swap and German government bond (Bund), are not expected financing spreads (LIBOR–repo spreads) but rather the state of public finances and the yield curve shape. This article also describes simple fair value models and forecasting models for swap-Bund spreads and briefly reviews relative swap spreads across maturities and across euroland issuers.
Enhancement of fluid thermal conductivity by the addition of single and hybrid nano-additives

Abstract The inherent high thermal conductivity of many nanomaterials has a great potential for enhancing fluidic heat transfer applications. Conductive nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as well as their hybrids such as CNT–CuNP or CNT–AuNP were used in this study to enhance the thermal conductivity of fluids. Mono-type nanoparticle suspensions showed the greatest enhancement in thermal conductivity, among which the enhancement with CuNPs was the highest. Hybrid suspensions did not show the same degree of improvement. The experimentally measured thermal conductivities of several nanofluids were consistently greater than the theoretical predictions obtained from existing models. Mechanisms for the thermal conductivity enhancement are discussed. The stability of nanofluids was estimated by UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer and it was observed that the stability was influenced by characteristics of nanoparticles.
Estimation of Energy Savings Due to Destratification of Air in Plants

ABSTRACT In this article, we present an approximate method for estimating energy savings in manufacturing plants due to proper mixing of air or destratification. Exact methods are available but these methods require extensive amount of data such as insulation on roof and walls, number of windows and doors, etc. For many older manufacturing plants this data is not readily available. Our method, which is approximate, requires minimal amount of easily available data.
Afferent deprivation elicits a transcriptional response associated with neuronal survival after a critical period in the mouse cochlear nucleus.

The mechanisms underlying enhanced plasticity of synaptic connections and susceptibilities to manipulations of afferent activity in developing sensory systems are not well understood. One example is the rapid and dramatic neuron death that occurs after removal of afferent input to the cochlear nucleus (CN) of young mammals and birds. The molecular basis of this critical period of neuronal vulnerability and the transition to survival independent of afferent input remains to be defined. Here we used microarray analyses, real-time reverse transcription PCR, and immunohistochemistry of the mouse CN to show that deafferentation results in strikingly different sets of regulated genes in vulnerable [postnatal day (P) 7] and invulnerable (P21) CN. An unexpectedly large set of immune-related genes was induced by afferent deprivation after the critical period, which corresponded with glial proliferation over the same time frame. Apoptotic gene expression was not highly regulated in the vulnerable CN after afferent deprivation but, surprisingly, did increase after deafferentation at P21, when all neurons ultimately survive. Pharmacological activity blockade in the eighth nerve mimicked afferent deprivation for only a subset of the afferent deprivation regulated genes, indicating the presence of an additional factor not dependent on action potential-mediated signaling that is also responsible for transcriptional changes. Overall, our results suggest that the cell death machinery during this critical period is mainly constitutive, whereas after the critical period neuronal survival could be actively promoted by both constitutive and induced gene expression.
The role of state government in criminal justice higher education

Abstract Criminal justice higher education has grown rapidly beyond its early roots as subfields of sociology, social work, political science, and law. Programs, which are generally found at state institutions, are initiated at the institutional or state level and must be approved by campus governing bodies, who must be satisfied of the need, and by state legislatures, who must approve funding, and by separate coordinating councils. Influences such as the traditional vocational background of some of these programs, police training councils, associations of practitioners and educators, national organizations, and, to a lesser extent, students and minority groups, should be taken into consideration, but the responsibility of initiating programs should lie with the faculty members and their institutions. The state should then determine the need for graduates of such programs and should oversee the programs' continuity and quality.
Synergistic effect between components of mixtures of cationic amphipaths in transfection of primary endothelial cells.

To date, the primary approach to improving the transfection properties of cationic lipids has been the synthesis of new kinds of cationic amphipaths. Recently, however, it was found that combining two cationic lipid derivatives having the same head group but tails of different chain lengths can provide another, and often superior, approach to higher transfection efficiency. For example, the combination of medium-chain and long-chain homologues of O-ethylphosphatidylcholine transfected DNA into primary human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) more than 30-fold more efficiently than did either compound separately. Here it is reported that this synergism of mixtures is not limited to O-ethylphosphatidylcholine homologues, but is also exhibited by other common cationic amphipathic transfection reagents; for example, combining DC-Chol (3β-[N‘,N‘-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamol] cholesterol), dimethylditetradecylammonium bromide, or DMTAP (1,2-dimyristoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane) with EDOPC increased...
Nerve sheath tumors of the sciatic nerve and sacral plexus

Eight patients with sciatic nerve and sacral plexus nerve sheath tumors, seen at Louisiana State University Medical Center in Shreveport, are presented. These cases illustrate the broad spectrum of pathology and modes of presentation of patients with nerve sheath tumors in this region. Patients can be divided into 4 groups. Group I includes subgluteal and/or thigh lesions with a well-defined mass on CT. Group II patients have neuroforaminal enlargement (defined by CT) and usually have radicular leg pain. Patients in group III have intrapelvic tumors with extension into the thigh. They usually have a poorly defined mass on CT. Group IV includes patients that have an intrapelvic mass (usually well defined) with radicular leg pain and/or mass effect. CT scanning proved to be the diagnostic procedure of choice. It delineated the location and extent of the tumor and thus was important in determining resectability. The variable course of these tumors is emphasized. A conservative nonoperative approach should be considered in asymptomatic and/or neurologically stable patients.
High Critical Current YBa2Cu3O7−δ Thick Films on Improved Rolling‐Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates (RABiTS™)

YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films with thicknesses ranging from 1.0 to 6.4 μm were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS). The RABiTS were of the configuration CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3/Ni–3 at.% W. As the YBCO film thickness increased, Ic continued to increase and reached ∼300 A/cm width for a 4.3 μm-thick YBCO film. Commonly observed mechanisms for Jc decrease with increasing YBCO film thickness were not observed. Homogeneous microstructures obtained in even the thickest YBCO films, suggest that the Ic/width can still be enhanced considerably.
Gene expression profiling of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma: comparison with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma is a distinct variant of renal cell carcinoma that shares some overlapping histological and immunohistochemical features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma. Although the clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma immunohistochemical profile is well described, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma mRNA expression has not been well characterized. We investigated the clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma gene expression profile using previously identified candidate genes. We selected 17 clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma, 15 clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and 13 papillary renal cell carcinoma cases for molecular analysis following histological review. cDNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was prepared. Quantitative real-time PCR targeting alpha-methylacyl coenzyme-A racemase (AMACR), BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (BAMBI), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), ceruloplasmin (CP), nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), schwannomin-interacting protein 1 (SCHIP1), solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate) member 2 (SLC34A2), and vimentin (VIM) was performed. Gene expression data were normalized relative to 28S ribosomal RNA. Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma expressed all eight genes at variable levels. Compared with papillary renal cell carcinoma, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma expressed more CA9, CP, NNMT, and VIM, less AMACR, BAMBI, and SLC34A2, and similar levels of SCHIP1. Compared with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma expressed slightly less NNMT, but similar levels of the other seven genes. Although clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma exhibits a unique molecular signature, it expresses several genes at comparable levels to clear cell renal cell carcinoma relative to papillary renal cell carcinoma. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma will have a key role in future sub-classifications of this unique tumor.
Two-Dimensional Gas-Phase Temperature Measurements Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

Two-dimensional (2D) temperature images of turbulent hot nitrogen flows have been obtained by use of a novel technique involving fluorescence lifetime imaging. Nitrogen flows were doped with naphthalene vapor. The fluorescence lifetime of naphthalene decreases from 180 ns at 25 °C to 35 ns at 450 °C, and this temperature dependence can be used to calculate the temperature from the fluorescence lifetime in oxygen-free environments. With the current apparatus and with naphthalene as the fluorescent dopant, the error in the absolute temperature was estimated to be ±15 °C in the range of 25 to 450 °C. This application demonstrates that fluorescence lifetime imaging, which does not depend on the absolute concentration on the fluorescent dopant, may be useful in a variety of turbulence, temperature, and other combustion-related studies.
Prevalence and Correlates of Septal Delayed Contrast Enhancement in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension

Using cardiac magnetic resonance, the presence of myocardial delayed contrast enhancement (DCE) has been described in the ventricular septum at the level of the right ventricular insertion points in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, extent, and correlates of this finding. Septal DCE was evaluated in 55 patients with known or suspected PH of various causes. The extent of DCE was estimated visually with an insertion enhancement score (range 0 to 4) and quantified as DCE mass. The results were correlated with cine magnetic resonance and right-sided cardiac catheterization. Predictors of DCE were investigated using multivariate analysis. PH at rest was present in 42 patients (group 1) and absent in 13 (group 2). DCE was noted in 41 patients (97%) in group 1 and 3 (23%) in group 2 (p <0.0001). The extent of DCE was higher in group 1 than group 2 (median insertion enhancement score 3 vs 0, median DCE mass 8.7 vs 0 g, respectively; p <0.0001 for both). The extent of DCE showed moderate to good univariate correlations (r = 0.5 to 0.73) with pulmonary pressures and with right ventricular volumes, mass, and ejection fractions. In multivariate analysis, systolic pulmonary pressure was the only predictor of DCE. In conclusion, the presence of septal DCE at the right ventricular insertion points is common in PH of different causes, and the level of systolic pulmonary pressure elevation appears to be the main determinant of this finding.
Using an osteoarthritis-specific pain measure in elders with cognitive impairment: a pilot study.

Aim and background The Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index pain scale has not been used with cognitively impaired elders to measure their knee or hip pain. This study therefore examined the usefulness of the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index pain scale for measuring pain in this population. Method Fourteen cognitively impaired elders with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip participated in the study. Elders’ pain was assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index pain scale, the Verbal Descriptor Scale and the Present Pain Intensity Scale, twice 5 minutes apart. Proxy report of pain was provided by the nursing staff. Results The correlations among the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index pain scale, Verbal Descriptor Scale and Present Pain Intensity were between 0.77 and 1.00 (P < 0.01). All pain measures showed high test–retest reliability (r = 0.98–1.00, P < 0.01). Staff's pain ratings using the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index pain scale were strongly correlated with elders’ pain ratings using any pain measure (r = 0.68–0.80, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, staff's pain ratings using either the Verbal Descriptor Scale or Present Pain Intensity had no association with elders’ pain ratings (r = −0.07 to −0.30, P = NS). Conclusion The study confirmed that the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index pain scale is as valid and reliable as the Verbal Descriptor Scale and Present Pain Intensity for elders with moderate and mild cognitive impairment. When used by staff, the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index pain scale provides a better pain assessment for cognitively impaired elders than the Verbal Descriptor Scale or Present Pain Intensity.
SINGLET-STATE ELECTRON TRANSFER BETWEEN A PORPHYRIN AND UBIQUINONE : A TRANSIENT RESONANCE RAMAN AND QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDY

Radical ion pairs resulting from bimolecular electron transfer between excited singlet porphyrin donors and quinone acceptors have such short lifetimes that they are rarely observed. Here we report...
Quantitative in-situ TEM study of stress-assisted grain growth

We present a quantitative in-situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) study of stress-assisted grain growth in 75 nm thick platinum thin films. We utilized notch-induced stress concentration to observe the microstructural evolution in real time. From quantitative measurements, we find that rapid grain growth occurred above 290 MPa of far field stress and ~0.14% elongation. This value is found to be higher than that required for stable interface motion but lower than the stress required for unstable grain boundary motion. We attribute such grain growth to geometrical incompatibility arising out of crystallographic misorientation in adjoining grains, or in other words, geometrically necessary grain growth.
Deconvolution of combinatorial libraries for drug discovery: Experimental comparison of pooling strategies

An experimental evaluation of several different pooling strategies for combinatorial libraries was conducted using a library of 810 compounds and an enzyme inhibition assay (phospholipase A2). The library contained compounds with varying degrees of activity as well as inactive compounds. The compounds were synthesized in groups of three and pooled together in various formats to realize different pooling strategies. With one exception, all iterative deconvolution strategies and position scanning resulted in identification of the same compound. The results are in good agreement with the predicted outcome from theoretical and computational methods. These data support the tenet that active compounds for pharmaceutically relevant targets can be successfully identified from combinatorial libraries organized in mixtures.
HUSH, An Automated Multipurpose Periodical System or From Rotary File to Computer

A computerized serials management system designed for a medium-sized academic library is running interactively on VAX-11/780 computer at Western Carolina University. Replacing manual files, this system is of benefit to library patrons through improved services and to library staff in providing more flexible information. Features of this locally-designed system are described by the authors.
Changes in zooplankton community structure associated with the disappearance of invasive alewife in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron

We evaluated the response of the zooplankton community Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron to the disappearance of the planktivore alewife Alosa pseudoharengus using data collected in 1991–1996 (pre alewife decline) and 2009–2010 (post alewife decline). Bosmina longirostris, Diaptomidae, Cyclops, and Daphnia galeata contributed greatly to the separation of the two time periods with Diaptomidae and D. galeata increasing and Cyclops and B. longirostris decreasing, although B. longirostris remained the dominant species. Peak densities of zooplankton occurred in early summer (June) in the 1990s and in early fall (October) in 2009–2010. For the analysis of environmental variables on a bay-wide, annual basis, abundance of alewife, age-0 yellow perch Perca flavescens and Bythotrephes captured much of the variation in annual zooplankton community structure. Abundances of Bythotrephes and age-0 yellow perch were both higher in 2009–2010 than in 1991–1996. Some changes such as increasing proportions of calanoid copepods reflect a more oligotrophic community and are potentially indicative of resource-driven changes rather than direct or indirect impacts of the alewife disappearance.
Emissive chromium(III) complexes with substituted arylethynyl ligands

Arylethynylchromium(III) complexes of the form trans-[Cr(cyclam)(CCC(6)H(4)R)(2)]OTf (where cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, R = H, CH(3), or CF(3) in the para position, and OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) have been prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The complexes are emissive with excited-state lifetimes in a deoxygenated fluid solution between 200 and 300 micros.
Leaf Spot Disease of Spinach in California Caused by Stemphylium botryosum

Beginning in 1997, a new disease of spinach was found in the Salinas Valley, Monterey County, CA. Initial symptoms were leaf spots that were 2 to 5 mm in diameter, circular, and gray-green in color. Spots later enlarged, turned tan in color, and became dry and papery in texture, resembling phytotoxicity due to agrichemicals. Although fungal signs were generally absent from the spots, Stemphylium botryosum was consistently isolated and caused identical symptoms when inoculated onto 20 spinach cultivars. Three isolates did not cause disease symptoms when inoculated onto other crop plants representing 16 different genera and a Chenopodium weed species. A fourth isolate showed similar results with the exception of small leaf spots occurring on inoculated fava bean. Isolates produced a Pleospora herbarum teleomorph after 7 months incubation at 5°C. Preliminary experiments with cell-free culture filtrates indicated that phytotoxins apparently were not produced by these isolates. This is the first report of a foliar spinach disease caused by S. botryosum.
The rhythm of rhetoric: Jesse Jackson at the 1988 democratic national convention

This essay examines the rhetorical form of Jesse Jackson's speech to the 1988 Democratic National Convention. The distinguishing and effective precept of Jackson's rhetorical form is its musical disposition. The sonata as a musical form is utilized as a critical tool for explicating Jackson's rhetoric and is combined with principles of southern Baptist Black oratory to suggest a method of rhetorical analysis that focuses on rhythm as a key construct.
Combined effects of HIV-infection status and psychosocial vulnerability on mental health in homosexual men.

The present study examines psychiatric symptomatology and syndromal depression among 174 HIV+ and 760 HIV− homosexual men enrolled in the Pittsburgh site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). A central study goal was to determine whether men's psychosocial status in the areas of demographics, social supports, and coping, in combination with their HIV-infection status, was associated with mental health. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that HIV+ men had significantly higher levels of psychiatric symptomatology and syndromal depression than HIV− men. However, multivariate analyses showed that these associations only appeared among HIV+ men with certain psychosocial characteristics. HIV+ men who were younger, lacked full-time employment, claimed relatively high support from their relatives, and demonstrated high use of active behavioral coping strategies were at greater risk for psychiatric symptomatology and/or syndromal depression. Further, sense of mastery and frequent use of avoidant coping strategies were highly predictive of psychiatric outcomes irrespective of HIV status. The findings suggest that knowledge of an individual's HIV status per se will be inadequate for valid assessment of psychological risks. Rather, any association of HIV status and mental health will depend largely on other psychosocial characteristics that foster vulnerability or resistance to distress in these men.
Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) Observations During ADRIEX/EAQUATE

The University of Wisconsin-Madison Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) made high altitude observations coincident with the NASA Aqua satellite during two validation campaigns ADRIEX and EAQUATE in Italy and the United Kingdom during September 2004.
Electoral price cycles in regulated industries

Abstract Peltzman (1976) formalizes the idea that a politically concerned regulator determines a regulated price in trying to maximize his or her political support. This paper develops a modified version of Peltzman's model incorporating the notion that the regulator's behavior changes with the proximity of elections. The addition of a time dimension to the model yields a political price cycle in regulated industries. The regulator has incentives to impose higher prices when elections are relatively far ahead and lower (real) prices in periods that immediately precede an important election. Econometric analysis indicates that during 1969–1982 the Brazilian gasoline market experienced such cycles.
Pierre Bourdieu, Religion, and Cultural Production

Recent years have seen increased emphasis on the autonomy of human agency in creating meaning in everyday life. The institutional bias in sociology, however, and its concomitant emphasis on social reproduction rather than change favors hierarchical approaches to cultural production. This is apparent in the theorizing even of sociologists such as Pierre Bourdieu who emphasize the cultural dynamism of religion and other meaning systems. This article critiques the mechanistic underpinnings of Bourdieu’s perspective on religious production and his categorical differentiation between religious producers and consumers. Using data gathered from American Catholics, the author shows that interpretive autonomy allows them to recast the official discourse of the church hierarchy in ways that advance alternative interpretations. Interpretive autonomy is grounded in the Catholic tradition or habitus and is reflexively used by Catholics both to maintain the vibrancy of the church and expand the possibilities for instit...