cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The body hematocrit/venous hematocrit ratio and the "splenic reservoir".

1. Red cell volume and plasma volume were measured by the radioactive sodium chromate and the chromic chloride method respectively in 37 patients. 2. The body hematocrit/venous hematocrit (BH/VH) ratio was found to be constant in normal subjects and in patients in whom there was neither splenomegaly nor edema. The ratio was 0.896 ± 0.039. 3. In splenectomized patients the BH/VH ratio was normal indicating that in man, in normal conditions, the spleen does not have the function of a significant blood reservoir with raised cell/plasma ratio. 4. In patients with splenomegaly the BH/VH ratio was found to be significantly increased in direct proportion to the degree of splenic enlargement, indicating an increased concentration of erythrocytes in the enlarged spleen. 5. In the presence of extravascular fluid retention caused by prolonged prednisone treatment the BH/VH ratio was lower than normal. 6. It was concluded that in patients with splenomegaly or edema measurement of either red cell volume or plasma volume alone in conjunction with the "corrected" venous hematocrit does not permit valid assessment of the non-measured parameter nor of the total blood volume.
Stress intensity factors for deep cracks emanating from the corner formed by a hole intersecting a plate surface

The stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the end points of flaws emanating from the corner formed by the intersection of a plate with a hole were determined using stress freezing photoelasticity and a numerical technique known as the Taylor series correction method to extract the SIF values from the photoelastic data. The geometries studied were crack depth to thickness ratios of about 0.2, 0.5, and 0.75; crack depth to crack length ratios of about 1.0 to 2.0; and crack length to hole radius ratios of about 0.5 to 2.0. The SIFs were determined at the intersection of the flaw border with the plate surface (KS) and with the edge of the hole (KH). It is shown that extension of a crack emanating from a corner of intersection of a hole with a plate under monotonically increasing load is not self-similar and that as the flaw depth increases, KH decreases and KS increases. Existing theories and design criteria significantly overestimate the SIF at both the hole and the surface except for shallow flaws at the hole and deep flaws at the surface.
The homeodomain transcription factor CDP/cut interacts with the cell cycle regulatory element of histone H4 genes packaged into nucleosomes

The homeodomain transcription factor CDP/cut contains four separate DNA binding domains and interacts with large segments of DNA. Thus, CDP/cut has the potential to function as an architectural protein and perhaps to support modifications in chromatin structure and nucleosomal organization. To begin to examine the ability of CDP/cut to interact with chromatin, we analyzed binding of CDP/cut to the histone H4 gene promoter (−90 to +75) reconstituted into nucleosome cores. The −90 to +75 region encompasses the cell cycle regulatory element (Site II) that controls histone H4 gene transcription, a CDP/cut binding site and a nuclease hypersensitive region. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting experiments, we show that CDP/cut specifically interacts with its recognition motif in a nucleosomal context without displacing the nucleosome core. The competency of CDP/cut to interact with nucleosomes suggests that this transcription factor may facilitate chromatin remodeling in response to cell cycle regulatory and/or developmental cues.
Plasminogen, the serum proenzyme activated by factors from cells transformed by oncogenic viruses.

The serum factor that participates in the fibrinolytic activity associated with tumor and transformed cells has been purified by two independent methods. The chromatographic, electrophoretic, and biochemical properties of this molecule are consistent with the properties of the known fibrinolytic pre-cursor, plasminogen. Purified plasminogen was isolated by affinity chromatography from fetal bovine, chicken, dog, and human sera and its activation by factors released from a variety of transformed cell cultures, including human tumor cell lines, was examined. The specificity of activation is absolute in the avian system, i.e. chicken plasminogen is activated only by the factor from cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts transformed by the Rous sarcoma virus. The mammalian plasminogens are activated to varying extents by the activators from all transformed cells tested.
What Shall We Teach Our Youth After the War?: To the Teachers of Italian in America

The men who will return to colleges and universities after passing through the ordeal of a ghastly war will expect a more realistic approach in our presentation of literary history. Literary art is much more than experimenting with technique, and recasting in baroque forms the great works of the classics. Art is closely related to life, when it achieves genuine greatness. We need discrimination in dealing with Italian literature of yesterday and today.
The Panama Cannonball's Transnational Ties: Migrants, Sport, and Belonging in the Interwar Greater Caribbean

The interwar years saw the creation of a circum-Caribbean migratory sphere, linking British colonial sending societies like Jamaica and Barbados to receiving societies from Panama to Cuba to the Dominican Republic to the United States. The overlapping circulation of migrants and media created transnational social fields within which sport practice and sport fandom helped build face-to-face and imagined communities alike. For the several hundred thousand British Caribbean emigrants and their children who by the late 1920s resided abroad, cricket and boxing were especially central. The study of sport among interwar British Caribbean migrants reveals overlapping transnational ties that created microcultures of sporting excellence. In this mobile and interconnected world, sport became a critical realm for the expression of nested loyalties to parish, to class, to island, to empire, and to the collective they called “Our People,” that is, “the Negro Race,” worldwide.
Stable supramolecular dimer of self-complementary benzo-18-crown-6 with a pendant protonated amino arm

The novel 4'-(ammoniummethylene)benzo-18-crown-6 cation was synthesized as a hexafluorophosphate salt and found to exist as a cyclophane-like dimer in the solid state, gas phase and in acetonitrile solution.
Optimized Localization and Hybridization to Filter Ensemble-Based Covariances

AbstractLocalization and hybridization are two methods used in ensemble data assimilation to improve the accuracy of sample covariances. It is shown in this paper that it is beneficial to consider them jointly in the framework of linear filtering of sample covariances. Following previous work on localization, an objective method is provided to optimize both localization and hybridization coefficients simultaneously. Theoretical and experimental evidence shows that if optimal weights are used, localized-hybridized sample covariances are always more accurate than their localized-only counterparts, whatever the static covariance matrix specified for the hybridization. Experimental results obtained using a 1000-member ensemble as a reference show that the method developed in this paper can efficiently provide localization and hybridization coefficients consistent with the variable, vertical level, and ensemble size. Spatially heterogeneous optimization is shown to improve the accuracy of the filtered covarian...
EICHLER COHOMOLOGY THEOREM FOR VECTOR-VALUED MODULAR FORMS

We prove the Eichler cohomology theorem for vector-valued modular forms of large integer weights on the full modular group.
Finding change points in the polls

After an election campaign, it is important to identify events that marked change points in voter support. Pre-election polls provide a measure of the state of voter support at points in time during the election campaign. However, polling data is difficult to analyze because it is sparse and comes from multiple sources, which can be individually biased. We propose a change point model for polling data that increases confidence by combining polls and identifying change points simultaneously. We demonstrate the utility of our model on polling data from the 2008 U.S. presidential election.
Capturing group preferences in a multicriteria decision

Abstract This paper examines the extent to which methods used for analyzing judgments from a group of decision makers result in preference rankings which are consistent with the group member’s subjective beliefs about their preferences. In a laboratory group decision setting, the Analytic Hierarchy Process, a newly developed probabilistic extension to the AHP, and two pairwise voting methods are used to develop separate preference rankings based on input from the group members. The probabilistic version of the AHP, in its first independent test, is found to provide more insight into the group decision while requiring fewer a priori assumptions. A commonly used and easily implemented pairwise voting procedure is found to be significantly inferior to the other methods in its ability to capture the group’s preference rankings. This underscores the importance of using appropriate decision models for developing a full understanding of group preferences.
The effects of temperature on the survival of Edhazardia aedis (Microspora : Amblyosporidae), a pathogen of Aedes aegypti

Abstract The temperature dependence of spore viability loss of Edhazardia aedis was determined in vitro and in vivo. Viability of spores was measured, in vitro, by percentage germination in 0.1 M KCl at pH 10.5 and, in vivo, by percentage infection of Aedes aegypti larvae exposed for 24 hr to 103 spores/ml. Spores retained their infectivity for up to 30 days during storage at 10-20°C, whereas at 0, 5, and 40°C, infectivity was lost in less than 24 hr. At all storage temperatures tested, the ability of spores to at least partially germinate persisted beyond their ability to infect mosquito larvae. Developmental stages of the parasite in eggs or larvae were not detrimentally affected by a 24-hr treatment at 5°C. These results indicate that spore viability is lost due to an inability to germinate rather than the death of the sporoplasm.
Energy limits in A/D converters

Driven by ever-increasing application demands, the energy expended per A/D conversion has improved substantially over the last decade. This paper surveys the most recent trends and investigates practical energy limits of A/D converter architectures that are commonly employed in fine-line CMOS technology. We observe that today's most efficient converters operate at about two orders of magnitude above the classical 8kT·SNR thermal limit. Furthermore, it is shown that a large fraction of today's designs have approached ideal thermal limit lines, corresponding to a four-fold increase in energy per bit of resolution.
Field emission current from single walled carbon nanotubes with adsorbates and defects for several chiralities: A density functional study

Field emission current from single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is simulated via the OCTOPUS code implementation of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), a quantum many electron algorithm capable of solving problems with hundreds to thousands of electrons in the presence of time varying external potentials on massively parallel computer architecture. Simulations were performed in a finite computational domain such that imaginary absorbing potentials were necessary to allow charge migration out of volume boundaries and allow long time evolution. A real space grid of resolution 0.2 A was found to properly converge all systems considered in this work. Adsorbed atoms, SWCNT defects as well as SWCNT chirality were investigated to determine the influence each has on work function and subsequent field emission current magnitude. Results indicate that Ag, Al adsorbates were especially useful for increasing field emission current over standard SWCNTs. Differences from the Fowler-Nordheim relation were observed for low field emission. Such results demonstrate the utility of CNT based cathodes for improving output power and efficiency in future high power microwave devices.
Modifying the Roter Interaction Analysis System to study provider-patient communication in telemedicine: Promises, pitfalls, insights and recommendations.

This paper suggests modifications to the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS)--the most widely used measure for assessing provider-patient communication during conventional face-to-face consultations--for use in telemedicine. The RIAS, which describes and categorizes communication behaviors, is used to quantify communication events, which may then be correlated with patient, provider, and system attributes and health outcomes. Most of the changes suggested here add new coding subcategories to characterize technology-related utterances and to provide opportunities for global assessments of the overall technology environment within which provider-patient interactions took place. There are also general issues raised that interaction analysis researchers should consider when studying provider-patient communication in a telemedicine context. These relate to nonverbal behavior, multiple participants, missing information, and validity and reliability. In addition to comparing telemedicine to in person consultations, a modified RIAS could be used to compare televideo consultations to each other, across different specialties and technical specifications. A modified RIAS would accommodate not only differences in the current technology environment, but also changes in the way providers and patients communicate over time. The more we know about what interaction patterns lead to best outcomes, the more emphasis can be placed on developing training programs and other interventions to enhance patient-provider interactions in telemedicine.
The Dynamics of National Executive Service: Ambition Theory and the Careers of Presidential Cabinet Members

n 1966, Joseph A. Schlesinger claimed that the wellspring of politics is ambition and that the political behavior of politicians is shaped by the interplay between ambition and opportunity. Once an individual's ambition has been stirred by opportunities, subsequent behavior is designed to enhance the fulfillment of that ambition. While Schlesinger's work (and that of myriad other researchers in this area) is focused on public sector ambitions and elective office goals of politicians, it seems clear that the fundamental objectives of ambition status, power, wealthcan also be achieved both through appointive office and through a variety of private sector endeavors. Surely it is the case that the ambitions of individuals are stirred by the opportunity to serve in high-level appointive office, and that long-term career decisions of executive appointees are significantly affected by the availability of a variety of attractive private sector opportunities. This paper explores the utility of ambition theory in analyzing the recruitment and career patterns of cabinet appointees from the administrations of George Washington through Ronald Reagan. This is accomplished through an investigation of data on the pre-cabinet occupations of appointees and on their post-cabinet opportunities and careers. The historical breadth of these data allows for an examination of the
Magnon Bound States in Anisotropic Linear Chains

The recent observation of two-, three-, four-, and five-magnon bound states in the linear chains of Co${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O has prompted a theoretical examination of such states in an anisotropic linear ferromagnetic chain with $S=\frac{1}{2}$. A new method called the Ising-basis-function (IBF) method is developed. This method treats the conventional, localized Ising wave functions as Wannier functions, from which a complete, orthonormal set of Bloch functions (IBF's) is formed. Using these IBF's as basis functions, we obtain the expression for the energy of the two-magnon bound state originally found by Orbach for general longitudinal exchange anisotropy. Furthermore, we can calculate the energy of the ($ng2$)-magnon bound states for the case of strong longitudinal anisotropy. The method is also applied to describe the effect of transverse exchange anisotropy. It is shown that this anisotropy causes an interaction between bound states, particularly important near zero field, and gives rise to a finite probability of exciting the bound states by photon absorption. The generalization of this method to treat bound states in two and three dimensions and for $Sg\frac{1}{2}$ is also discussed. The method is simple and has a direct physical interpretation. As an example, a physical description of the two-magnon bound state in a general system is given. Since the IBF method automatically contains some of the magnon-magnon interactions in zero order, it should be useful in other problems where these interactions are important.
MBSE the rise of the machines

This paper present power point presentations from the conference proceedings covering the following topics: global fuel economy; fuel economy/emissions tradeoff; virtual engineering process; overview of transmission system simulation; transmission algorithm development using system simulation model-based systems engineering definition; Autonomie Plug & Play architecture for MBSE; fuel consumption; forecast single component technology; impact of component technologies and powertrain configurations; cost benefit analysis; levelized cost of driving; automotive controls development; vehicle level energy management; engine in-loop block diagram; software-in-the-loop.
Interaction of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, cyproterone acetate and arginine vasotocin on plasma levels of luteinizing hormone in intact and castrated adult male rats.

Abstract Treatment of unanesthetized castrated adult male rats every 3 h for 48 h with either 5 μg of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and/or 1μg luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) caused a significant inhibition of plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) compared to castrated control rats receiving diluent only. However, the intravenous (iv) injection of 1 μg of AVT into urethane-anesthetized male rats which had been castrated for 0, 24 or 48 h did not affect plasma levels of LH at 10, 20 or 60 min following injection compared to their respective diluent-treated castrated control rats. Similarly, the iv injection of either 100 ng, 1 μg or 10 μg AVT was unable to acutely affect plasma levels of LH in intact male rats. Following the iv injection of 2 doses of 50 ng LRH spaced 1 h apart in anesthetized castrated male rats, 2 peaks of equal magnitude in plasma LH were noted. Castrated rats treated with 2 injections spaced l h apart of LRH + AVT had significantly higher plasma levels of LH than did rats treated with LRH alone. In subsequent studies, both AVT and arginine vasopressin were observed to augment the plasma response of LH to an injection of LRH whereas oxytocin had no effect. A single injection of AVT + LRH significantly augmented the plasma titers of LH compared to levels observed in LRH-treated control rats as did a second injection l h later. The administration of cyproterone acetate sc for 2 days by itself had no effect on plasma LH but in conjunction with LRH caused a marked rise in plasma LH compared to intact rats treated with LRH alone. AVT in combination with LRH and cyproterone acetate caused a significant elevation in plasma LH at 60 min post-injection when compared to plasma levels of rats treated with LRH alone or the combination of LRH and cyproterone acetate. It is concluded that acute intravenous injections of AVT augment the LH-releasing activity of LRH; chronic treatment for 48 h, however, with LRH + AVT leads to a significant depression of plasma LH perhaps due to an exhaustion of the releasable pool of LH in the anterior pituitary.
Exposing Mary Lincoln: Elizabeth Keckley and the Rhetoric of Intimate Disclosure

This essay analyzes Elizabeth Keckley's controversial expose of Mary Lincoln, Behind the Scenes, as a rhetoric of intimate disclosure that disrupted nineteenth-century standards of decorum and propriety. Published as a tell-all book of her years as Lincoln's White House dressmaker, Keckley's memoir was greeted with skepticism and hostility by the mainstream press of the day, yet it remains the definitive account of Mary's time as first lady. This essay argues that Behind the Scenes functioned not only as a postbellum slave narrative and as an autobiographical success story—as most contemporary critics have maintained—but also as a rhetoric of intimate disclosure that violated Victorian-era conceptions gender, class, and race.
The general surgery workforce shortage is worse when assessed at county level.

Abstract Background Multiple studies have documented a significant decrease in the general surgery workforce in the United States, both rural and urban, for the past 3 decades. This 11-year study evaluates the Texas general surgery workforce at both the state and local level in 2002 and 2012. Methods Data were obtained from the Texas Medical Board, the United States Census Bureau/Texas State Library and Archives Commission, and the Texas Department of State Health Services for 2002 and 2012. A benchmark target of 7 general surgeons per 100,000 population was used. Results During the study period, the Texas population increased 21%, and actively practicing physicians increased 44%. All surgical specialists increased by 26%. General surgeons increased 4%; however, the number of general surgeons per 100,000 population decreased 14% (from 6.7 to 5.8/10 5 ). Using the total Texas population for 2012, an additional 329 general surgeons are needed by benchmark standards. However, when analyzed by individual county population, 449 additional general surgeons are needed in the individual counties. These effects were greater in the nonmetropolitan areas of Texas where per capita general surgeons decreased by 21%. Conclusions The absolute increase in Texas general surgeons over the past decade has not kept pace with an increase in the Texas population. The general surgery workforce deficit based on the Texas state population underestimates the local workforce shortage, particularly in the nonmetropolitan areas of Texas.
Financial analysis of a theoretical lean manufacturing implementation using hybrid simulation modeling

Abstract Many researchers have identified the negative impact that accounting methods have on reported profits as inventories are being rapidly reduced. This research explores the magnitude and duration of the negative impact on reported profits experienced during a lean manufacturing implementation. The effect on reported profit is evaluated under five accounting methods (full absorption costing, activity-based costing, direct costing, throughput costing, and order activity costing) and three levels of inventory reduction rate. The findings reported here indicate that the period-by-period gains in operational efficiency, resulting from process improvements brought by a lean program, will not counteract the negative impact from the accounting system on the income statement while inventories continue to be reduced. This could lead to the early termination of a lean program that is, in fact, bringing operational improvement in the present time, but the improvement is being erased by poor inventory control practices from past periods. This research uses a multi-period simulation model of a production operation that incorporates a manufacturing planning and inventory tracking system. A hybrid simulation approach is employed using Microsoft® Excel to model the Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRPII) function, while ProModel simulation software is used for the development and operation of the model production environment. Microsoft® Visual Basic® is used to create a bridge between systems for schedule dissemination and inventory updates. The integrated computer simulation modeling approach developed to conduct this research is novel in the sense that multi-period simulation, incorporating MRP, has not been widely used based on available literature.
Management of the surgical newborn: Physiological foundations and practical considerations

The unique physiological changes that occur at birth and the adaptations that come in the first weeks of life profoundly affect the clinical management of the surgical newborn patient. The newborn has adaptive challenges that have to be met at birth: (a) establish a functional residual capacity and breathe; (b) change from a fetal to a newborn circulatory circuit; (c) change from fetal hemoglobin to hemoglobin A; (d) sustain a heart rate dependent cardiac output; (e) maintain normal body temperature; establish renal function and regulate postnatal body fluid composition; (f) establish hepatic function; and (g) maintain normal vital signs. Classical physiological studies of the last century describe the physiological basis of these adaptive tasks, and support practical considerations that we follow in clinical practice.
Studies of Aggressive Social Attitudes: I. Measurement and Interrelation of Selected Attitudes

(1944). Studies of Aggressive Social Attitudes: I. Measurement and Interrelation of Selected Attitudes. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 109-120.
Switching Surge Breakdown Development in Large Conductor-Tower Air Gaps

The breakdown of long conductor-tower air gaps subjected to switching surges has been investigated in a series of tests performed in an outdoor laboratory. The tests were designed to provide additional experimental information for use in developing a model of long gap flashover. The studies included measurements of corona inception, leader inception, and leader propagation characteristics. These data were obtained for idealized electrodes and for practical configurations, and include influences of hardware and weather.
Influence of teaching techniques on infant car seat use.

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of two types of educational interventions on child safety seat usage among new mothers at the time of discharge from a hospital setting. Ninety-three women included in this study were divided into three groups consisting of (a) a control group, (b) a video teaching intervention, and (c) a video and face-to-face intervention. All women were given a demographic questionnaire during their hospital stay and observed for actual car seat usage at the time of discharge. Results, based on a 1 X 3 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), showed no statistically significant difference in child safety seat usage between control and experimental groups. Factors which may have influenced the findings were the unusually high overall complicance rate of this population (83.9%) and the socio-economic make-up; the majority being white, well-educated, and above average income. Good maternal seat belt use may have predisposed this group toward high child restraint device (CRD) compliance, as well as the widespread diffusion of information on child safety seats and awareness of the California CRD law. Supplementary analyses indicated that video instruction and video plus face-to-face instruction may be more effective with first-time mothers who have performance scores below 80, are themselves not seat belt users and who are members of minority groups.
Genetic control of enzyme activity in higher organisms

The known intracellular controls of metabolism in higher organisms include regulation of transcription and translation, of enzyme turnover, and of enzyme activity. The magnitudes of changes of enzyme activity attributable to enzyme induction or catabolism in mammalian cells are small compared with those commonly observed during induction or repression in bacteria. Nevertheless, changes of five- to twenty-fold in activity in response to dietary changes or drug administration clearly are of metabolic significance, as, for example, in regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Feedback controls provide a more versatile form of fast response for metabolic adaptations in cells of higher organisms and allowing tailoring of metabolism to exhaust or conserve different substrates intracellularly.
Climate change inferred from borehole temperatures

Pollack, H N, 1993 Chmate change inferred from borehole temperatures Global Planet Change, 7 173-179 Temperature changes at the Earth's surface propagate downward into the subsurface and impart a thermal signature to the rocks that can be analyzed to yield a surface temperature history over the past few centuries Thus subsurface temperatures have the potential to extend the 20th century meteorologic temperature record back well into the pre-lndustnal era and therefore to provide information relevant to an assessment of the role of greenhouse gases in atmospheric warming Short period variations in surface temperature are attenuated at shallow depths, whereas longer period excursions propagate deeper The ability to resolve details of the surface temperature history diminishes with hme Care must be taken to ~dentlfy and evaluate local anthropogenic temperature perturbations such as urbanization, deforestation and wetland destruction and mlcrochmatlc effects associated with topography and vegetation patterns, in order to isolate true regional climate change Investigations in North America indicate significant regional variability in the surface temperature h~story referred from borehole profiles, similar to that observed in the meteorologic record of the 20th century_
Effect of enhancer on growth cycle of ECHO virus 6 plaque mutant.

Comparison of the growth pattern of them+ mutant of ECHO virus 6 in its permissive (human) and restrictive (monkey) hosts indicated that defects in monkey cells were expressed as low efficiency of plaquing, prolonged eclipse period and retarded release of virus. Simultaneous addition of virus and a subcellular fraction obtained from permissive cells (enhancer) removed these growth defects ofm+ virus in monkey cells. Increasing the input multiplicity could correct only part of the defect, -i.e., shorten the eclipse period. Addition of enhancer during the eclipse period (0.5 to 5.0 hours) accelerated release of virus, but did not enhance efficiency of plaquing. Studies of events early in the growth cycle suggested that virus could be enhanced only prior to attachment. Although the mechanism has not been elucidated, the results suggest that enhancer may facilitate entry as well as exit ofm+ virus grown in restrictive cells.
Bayesian Model Fusion for Forecasting Civil Unrest

With the rapid rise in social media, alternative news sources, and blogs, ordinary citizens have become information producers as much as information consumers. Highly charged prose, images, and videos spread virally, and stoke the embers of social unrest by alerting fellow citizens to relevant happenings and spurring them into action. We are interested in using Big Data approaches to generate forecasts of civil unrest from open source indicators. The heterogenous nature of data coupled with the rich and diverse origins of civil unrest call for a multi-model approach to such forecasting. We present a modular approach wherein a collection of models use overlapping sources of data to independently forecast protests. Fusion of alerts into one single alert stream becomes a key system informatics problem and we present a statistical framework to accomplish such fusion. Given an alert from one of the numerous models, the decision space for fusion has two possibilities: (i) release the alert or (ii) suppress the ...
Molecular dynamics study of nanosilver particles for low-temperature lead-free interconnect applications

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to investigate the coalescence of Ag nanoparticles and their deposition on a gold substrate at various temperatures from 400 K to 1,000 K using the embedded atom method (EAM). Density distribution function, x-z plane projection, spreading index, and coalescence index were analyzed to gain more insight into the sintering and diffusion process. Simulation results showed that Ag and Au atoms can diffuse into each other significantly at a temperature of 1,000 K and reform the lattice structure after the temperature is cooled back to 400 K. Simulation data also demonstrated that even at a low temperature of 400 K, silver spheres can be collapsed and deposited on the substrate. Yet higher temperatures were helpful in enhancing the degree of collapsing and deposition.
Expanded utility of the Beilstein flame test for organically bound halogens as a sensitive and specific flame photometric detector in the gas chromatographic determination of R-X compounds as illustrated with organochlorine pesticides

In 1962 we published (9) a brief note on the utility of the Beilstein flame test for organohalogen compounds as an adjunct (split stream) glc detector to signal their appearance in the emergent gas stream for facilitating their collection as organohalogen fractions for any purpose. We reported that about 0.17 ~g. of organically bound chlorine/second was visually detectable with the conditions and apparatus used at that time. We further stated that enhanced minimum detectability could be achieved by filter
Composition of α-amylase secreted by aleurone layers of grains of himalaya barley

Abstract α-Amylases secreted by the aleurone layer of whole barley grains were relatively rich in histidine and relatively poor in glutamate/glutamine and serine when compared to other eukaryotic proteins. The secreted α-amylases had an estimated 0.5 residues each of glucose, mannose and N -acetylglucosamine per molecule of protein ( MW 41 400 daltons), and gave positive staining reactions for carbohydrate on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels. Because the average α-amylase molecule had less than one sugar residue per enzyme molecule, it was concluded that secreted α-amylases were heterogeneous with respect to glycosylation. A second protein co-purified with α-amylase, but the amino acid composition of this protein was different from that of barley or wheat α-amylase. This protein was composed of two 21 500 dalton polypeptides. No significant amounts of L -leucine ( 14 C-U) were incorporated into this second protein in isolated aleurone tissue during incubation with gibberellic acid, perhaps because much of it was already present in the starchy endosperm at the time of hormone addition.
Association mapping of iron deficiency chlorosis loci in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) advanced breeding lines

Association mapping is an alternative to mapping in a biparental population. A key to successful association mapping is to avoid spurious associations by controlling for population structure. Confirming the marker/trait association in an independent population is necessary for the implementation of the marker in other genetic studies. Two independent soybean populations consisting of advanced breeding lines representing the diversity within maturity groups 00, 0, and I were screened in multi-site, replicated field trials to discover molecular markers associated with iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC), a major yield-limiting factor in soybean. Lines with extreme phenotypes were initially screened to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers putatively associated with the IDC. Marker data collected from all lines were used to control for population structure and kinship relationships. Single factor analysis of variance (SFA) and mixed linear model (MLM) analyses were used to discover marker/trait associations. The MLM analyses, which include population structure, kinship or both factors, reduced the number of markers significantly associated with IDC by 50% compared with SFA. With the MLM approach, three markers were found to be associated with IDC in the first population. Two of these markers, Satt114 and Satt239, were also found to be associated with IDC in the second confirmation population. For both populations, those lines with the tolerance allele at both these two marker loci had significantly lower IDC scores than lines with one or no tolerant alleles.
MODELING OF DIATREME EMPLACEMENT BY FLUIDIZATION

Abstract A series of experiments utilizing fluidization techniques was conducted in an effort to evaluate this mechanism for diatreme emplacement. Various sized containers were constructed in various cylindrical, parallel plate, and box-like configurations, and all were attached at their base to a large volume compressed air source. The containers were filled with particulate mixtures ranging from clay-size (powdered kaolinite) to 0.5 cm gravel that fluidized readily. Most experiments were characterized by early development of surface doming and associated ring and radial fractures. Intricate subsurface fracture patterns, that propagated rapidly upward, were generated prior to the development of fluidization cells in cohesive materials. Subsurface gas-filled cavities with arched roofs formed in many of the experiments, and the fluidization cells that developed below these voids moved slowly upward by stoping. Conduits were funnel-shaped at the top, and eruption commonly produced a maar-type crater. Concentric subsidence occurred around the conduit, and surface blocks were transported down the margins of the conduit. Friable, low-strength blocks showed little attrition during subsidence unless they were recirculated many times in fluidization cells. Highly “explosive” eruptions commonly produced compressional deformation of adjacent strata and also surface rings of air-fall ejecta. Slow bubbling surface eruptions were accompanied by air-fall size sorting and development of bedding in a few experiments. Bedded material was carried down the pipe in a nested-saucer configuration by slow marginal subsidence that was concurrent with central eruption. Crude, annular, size segregation of unbedded pipe material was also noted in some experiments. Finally, spheroidal pellets (“accretionary lapilli”) were formed by accretion of clay-size particles on larger grains during bubbling fluidization. In short, all major and some minor features observed in diatremes were duplicated in the models.
Symmetry‐decomposed reduced transition operators for degenerate atomic states—Their generation and their utility

The p-particle reduced transition operator between the (ML = L, Ms = S) member of one degenerate (L, S) manifold and the (ML′ = V, MS′ = S′) member of a (possibly different) (L′, S′) manifold of eigenstates of a nonrelativistic atomic Hamiltonian contains sufficient information to construct the p-particle reduced transition operator between any member of the first manifold and any member of the second manifold. The procedure for such a construction has been given, and applied computationally to generate the symmetry-decomposed one-particle reduced transition operators among all the ML, MS states of a degenerate (L, S) manifold, from the nondecomposed one-particle reduced density operator of the (ML = L, MS = S) member of this manifold; thereby expediting the calculation of the one-particle reduced density operator of an arbitrary linear superposition of these degenerate states. To illustrate their applicability, these results were used to obtain the densities of the cubic-symmetry-adapted states of an atomic 1D manifold, (in a configuration-interaction approximation) which densities are shown graphically (using the PLOT79 graphics program). The computer program uses the coding of Carlos Bunge's atomic CI program, and can be appended directly to it or to its wavefunction or density-matrix output.
Estimation of the permeability of fibrous preforms for resin transfer moulding processes

Abstract This paper reviews the current status of research work on estimating the permeability of different fibrous preforms used in resin transfer moulding (RTM) and other composite fabrication processes. Three types of fibrous preform are discussed, including aligned fibre bundles or tows, woven or cross-ply structures, and random fibre mats. Various proposed models and experimental results reported in the literature are evaluated. The well-known Carman-Kozeny equation is found to be the basic theory used in these studies. Estimation formulas have been suggested for different preforms. The models proposed by Kardos et al. and Gutowski et al. are used for aligned bundles. Kardos' experimental data are used for the cross-ply structure. An improved empirical relation to estimate the principal permeabilities for a +/−α lay-up is proposed, which shows good agreement with the available experimental measurements. For the random and bidirectional fibre mats, the work by Lee, Liou and co-workers is discussed. These formulas can be used as design tools for estimating the permeability of the preforms in RTM and other applications.
Another interpretation of a model for paired comparisons

The first contribution of this paper is to demonstrate that the paired-comparison model may be derived from a variety of different initial assumptions about the nature of paired comparisons, some of these assumptions appearing to the author to be more appropriate to a description of the preference-decision process than others. The second contribution of this paper is to note that the generalization of the model to triple comparisons chosen earlier is not the one compatible with the Lehmann model even though it possesses other desirable properties. Limited numerical calculations suggest that both models for triple comparisons give comparable results in applications. Their asymptotic properties should be similar.
Trends and outlook of wireless I/O's for short-range connectivity and beyond

The increasing need for extremely high I/O bandwidth in multi-chip or multi-core systems have driven researchers to look beyond the traditional use of wireline for interconnection. Both RF/wireless and optical interconnects within a chip have been explored to potentially address this challenge. In the case of optical interconnect, the manufacturing cost and integration compatibility with CMOS remain to be the bottleneck. In this paper, the practical application and challenge of wireless I/O's for chip-to-chip communication is examined. A key advantage of wireless I/O's is its usage flexibility. A review of previously reported wireless techniques for proximity connectivity is presented. In addition to low-power RF transceivers, on-chip antenna with small footprint and low loss is the key to enable wireless I/O's as an alternative, or a complementary, to wireline interconnects in future systems.
Clinical development of dermatologics

Abstract Dermatologic drugs are considered in the same scope as other pharmacologic agents. They have chemical structures, specific mechanisms of action, in vitro activity, in vivo effects, and beneficial effects as well as adverse reactions in clinical use. Dermatologic drug development therefore follows the same general theme as for other drug product classes. Logical and well-planned clinical development programs are required for careful evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the product in its intended use, whether this be a topical or systemically administered drug.
Substitution of Basic Amino Acids in the Basic Region Stabilizes DNA Binding by E12 Homodimers

The E2A gene encodes two alternatively spliced products, E12 and E47. The two proteins differ in their basic helix-loop-helix motifs (bHLH), responsible for DNA binding and dimerization. Although both E12 and E47 can bind to DNA as heterodimers with tissue-specific bHLH proteins, E12 binds to DNA poorly as homodimers. An inhibitory domain in E12 has previously been found to prevent E12 homodimers from binding to DNA. By measuring the dissociation rates using filter binding and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we have shown here that the inhibitory domain interferes with DNA binding by destabilizing the DNA-protein complexes. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that substitution of basic amino acids (not other amino acids) in the DNA-binding domain of E12 can increase the intrinsic DNA-binding activity of E12 and stabilize the binding complexes, thus alleviating the repression from the inhibitory domain. This ability of basic amino acids to stabilize DNA-binding complexes may be of biological significance in the case of myogenic bHLH proteins, which all possess two more basic amino acids in their DNA binding domain than E12. To function as heterodimers with E12, the myogenic bHLH proteins may need stronger DNA binding domains.
Theorizing in sociology and social science: turning to the context of discovery

Since World War II methods have advanced very quickly in sociology and social science, while this has not been the case with theory. In this article I suggest that one way of beginning to close the gap between the two is to focus on theorizing rather than on theory. The place where theorizing can be used in the most effective way, I suggest, is in the context of discovery. What needs to be discussed are especially ways for how to develop theory before hypotheses are formulated and tested. To be successful in this, we need to assign an independent place to theorizing and also to develop some basic rules for how to theorize. An attempt is made to formulate such rules; it is also argued that theorizing can only be successful if it is done in close unison with observation in what is called a prestudy. Theorizing has turned into a skill when it is iterative, draws on intuitive ways of thinking, and goes beyond the basic rules for theorizing.
Feeling and form in groups 1

We social scientists fumble with the forms of social life—from mating pair to extended family; from friendship clique to community; from work team to corporation. We think of a group—say the Daughters of the American Revolution or the Mothers of Invention—and nothing much comes to mind, only a dull uncomprehending blankness. What IS a group exactly? We find even our most vital areas of social science hobbled for want of clear conceptions to fix understandings of key terms such as group, family, organization, and culture. This article reports my halting progress with the question of how to study human groups. My answer comes in images such as those of Plate 1. Here we have, first, children dancing arm in arm in a graveyard. Their joined circle is a living form—bounded in space and time, full of tension, rhythm, harmony, growth and possibility. Counter‐posed to the dancing children is the graveyard, which is likewise a form bound in space and time and animated by rhythms and growth. It is a remarkable fact ...
Effects of atrazine and cyanazine on chlorpyrifos toxicity in Chironomus tentans (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Toxicities of two triazine herbicides (atrazine and cyanazine) and an organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos) were evaluated individually and with each herbicide in binary combination with chlorpyrifos using fourth-instar larvae of the aquatic midge, Chironomus tentans. Chlorpyrifos at 0.25 microg/L resulted in an effect in less than 10% of midges in 48-h acute toxicity bioassays. Neither atrazine nor cyanazine alone at relatively high concentrations (up to 1,000 microg/L) caused significant acute toxicity to C. tentans. However, atrazine and cyanazine caused significant synergistic effects on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos when midges were exposed to mixtures of atrazine or cyanazine (10, 100, 1,000 microg/L) with chlorpyrifos (0.25 microg/L). At fixed concentrations (200 microg/L) of the herbicides, toxicity of chlorpyrifos was enhanced by 1.8- and 2.2-fold by atrazine and cyanazine, respectively, at the 50% effective concentration levels. Although atrazine and cyanazine are not effective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro, the synergism of the two triazine herbicides with chlorpyrifos was associated with increased in vivo inhibition of AChE in midges. We observed a positive correlation between the degree of inhibition of AChE and the concentration of atrazine or cyanazine in the presence of a fixed concentration of chlorpyrifos. It is possible that these herbicides may affect cytochrome P450 enzymes to confer synergistic effects on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos.