cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation tools: a survey of doctors of chiropractic and students at one chiropractic college.

Introduction The reliability and validity of many evaluation tools leading to clinical decision-making for spinal manipulation are varied. We surveyed senior students and DC employees at one chiropractic college regarding 1) which analysis tools should be used and 2) factors that influence their choices. Methods The survey queried which tools should be used on a routine patient encounter. Clinical evaluation tools included palpation, skin temperature analysis, leg length analysis, and radiographs. Results Surveys were collected from 58 doctors of chiropractic (DCs) and 74 students. Respondents from both groups reported to most commonly use static palpation, followed by motion palpation and leg length analysis. DC respondents ranked evidence and personal experience high for rationale; student respondents frequently chose patient preference. Conclusion DC and student respondents reported use of clinical evaluation tools consistently. However, some variations in rationale were noted. It is important for educators to provide a balanced presentation of the strengths and limitations of clinical analysis procedures to support the development of well-justified evidence-based clinical decision-making skills.
Blood volume measurements in gopher snakes, using autologous 51Cr-labeled red blood cells

Blood volume determinations were performed in 5 anesthetized gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus catenifer) by means of a 51Cr-labeled red blood cell (RBC) method. The mean blood volume was 52.8 ml/kg of body weight (+/- 6.21 SE). Previous blood volume measurements have not been reported for this species. The RBC survival rate was estimated to be greater than 660 days. The RBC survival rate is long, but it cannot be determined accurately by this method.
Mapping and retrieval during plan reuse: a validation structure based approach

Effective mapping and retrieval are important issues in successful deployment of plan reuse strategies. In this paper we present a domain independent strategy for ranking a set of plausible reuse candidates in the order of cost of modifying them to solve a new planning problem. The cost of modification is estimated by measuring the amount of disturbance caused to the validation structure of a reuse candidate if it were to be reused in the new problem situation. This strategy is more informed than the typical feature based retrieval strategies, and is more efficient than the methods which require partial knowledge of the nature of the plan for the new problem situation to guide the retrieval process. We discuss the implementation of this retrieval strategy in FRIAR, a framework for flexible reuse and modification in hierarchical planning.
Program on Advanced Technology for the Highway: vehicle/highway research and development

The program is focused on three fields of technology: navigation, automatic control of vehicles, and noncontact electrification. The authors report on progress in the area of vehicle navigation and address briefly the other two areas of research. The goals, time frames, and technical approach being employed in the navigation tasks are presented. The navigation component of the work aims at improving system performance efficiency by accumulation and dissemination of information so as to improve on the utilization of available network resources. This is achieved by alternative routeings of vehicles, incident detection and avoidance, and the routeing and scheduling of commercial and institutional vehicle fleets, and, ultimately, improved time and route planning of trips. Navigation research is focused on the urban congestion problem. >
Patients' views of consent in clinical trials for acute myocardial infarction: impact of trial design.

Objective Seeking prospective informed consent is difficult in clinical trials for emergent conditions such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Prior data suggest that enrolment decisions of patients are often poorly informed in AMI trials but that patients prefer to be asked permission before enrolment. It is unknown whether this is true across trial designs or in comparative effectiveness research (CER) with approved treatments. Methods Structured interviews were conducted with 30 patients with AMI. Participants considered three scenarios: (1) a CER trial of approved antiplatelet drugs; (2) a placebo-controlled trial of a novel drug to reduce myocardial injury and (3) a CER trial of an intra-aortic balloon pump versus medication. Participants were asked their desired involvement in enrolment decisions and willingness to participate. Descriptive analysis was performed of Likert scale data, and qualitative descriptive analysis was performed of textual data. Results Across scenarios, most participants (73%–80%) preferred to be asked permission prior to trial enrolment. Reasons for involvement included wanting to be the decision maker and a desire for transparency. Willingness to enrol was affected by trial type. Fewer participants stated they would likely enrol in a CER procedural trial than in a CER trial of approved medications (p=0.012). Conclusions These findings suggest that patients prefer prospective involvement in enrolment decisions to enrolment without consent across trial types. However, their desire to participate was affected by trial type. There is a need to develop and evaluate context-sensitive approaches to consent in AMI trials that account for both the acuity of the situation and trial characteristics.
Survival of Tort Actions: A Proposal for California Legislation

1 BALDWIN, THE LAW OF PERSONAL INJURIES IN MICHIGAN 512-514, 638 (2d ed. 1909); 2 BEALE, CONFLICT OF LAWS 1304-1305 (1935); 9 BLASHFIELD, CYCLOPEDIA OF AUTOMOBILE LAW AND PRACTICE 123-141 (1941); BURDICK, TORTS 288-289 (4th ed. 1926); CHAPIN, TORTS 117-131 (1917); CLERK & LINDSELL, TORTS 88 (10th ed. 1947); 2 COOLEY, TORTS 149 (4th ed. 1932); FIERo, LAW AND PRACTICE IN ACTION FOR TORTS IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 143 (1903); HALE, DAMAGES 310 (2d ed. 1912); HARPER, TORTS 673-675 (1933); 2 HOPKINS, PERSONAL INJURIES 907 (1912); 2 KINKEAD, COMMENTARIES ON TORTS 895 (1903); 4 SHEARMAN & REDFIELD, NEGLIGENCE 1868-1883 (Rev. ed. 1941); 6 THOMPSON, COMMENTARIES ON THE LAW OF NEGLIGENCE 149-151 (1905); TIFFANY, DEATH BY WRONGFUL ACT 32, 255-256 (2d ed. 1913); UNDERHILL, A SUMMARY OF THE LAW OF TORTS 47-50 (15th ed. 1946). See also, 4 RESTATEMENT, TORTS ?? 900, 925, 926 (1939). 2Bogle, Construction of "Survival Act" and "Death Act" in Michigan (1911) 9 MICH. L. REV. 205; Corliss, Survival and Abatement of Action (1886) 33 ALBANY L. J. 184, 204; Estrich, Survival of Causes of Action for Libel and Slander, Malicious Prosecution and Nuisances under the Ohio Law (1932) 6 U. OF CIN. L. REV. 404; Evans, Survival of the Action for Death by Wrongful Act (1933) 1 U. OF CHI. L. REV. 102; Evans, Death by Wrongful Act-Survivorship of Tort Claims in Kentucky (1933) 21 KY. L. J. 369; Evans, Survival of Claims for and against Executors and Administrators (1931) 19 KY. L. J. 195; Evans, A Comparative Study of the Statutory Survival of Tort Claims for and against Executors and Administrators (1931) 29 MICH. L. REV. 969; Jones, Civil Liability for Wrongful Death in Iowa (1925) 10 IOWA L. BULL. 169; Killion, Wrongful Death Actions in California, Some Needed Amendments (1937) 25 CALIF. L. REV. 170; Oppenheim, The Survival of Tort Actions and the Action for Wrongful Death --A Survey and a Proposal (1942) 16 TULANE L. REv. 386; Schumacher, Rights of Action under Death and Survival Statutes (1924) 23 MICH. L. REV. 114; Winfield, Death as Affecting Liability in Tort (1929) 29 COL. L. REV. 239; Note, Survival of Personal Injury Actions: A Legislative Proposal (1936) 24 CALIF. L. REV. 716; Comment, Abatement and Revival: Survival of Causes of Action: Suggested Legislation (1931)
Outrunning damage: Electrons vs X-rays—timescales and mechanisms

Toward the end of his career, Zewail developed strong interest in fast electron spectroscopy and imaging, a field to which he made important contributions toward his aim of making molecular movies free of radiation damage. We therefore compare here the atomistic mechanisms leading to destruction of protein samples in diffract-and-destroy experiments for the cases of high-energy electron beam irradiation and X-ray laser pulses. The damage processes and their time-scales are compared and relevant elastic, inelastic, and photoelectron cross sections are given. Inelastic mean-free paths for ejected electrons at very low energies in insulators are compared with the bioparticle size. The dose rate and structural damage rate for electrons are found to be much lower, allowing longer pulses, reduced beam current, and Coulomb interactions for the formation of smaller probes. High-angle electron scattering from the nucleus, which has no parallel in the X-ray case, tracks the slowly moving nuclei during the explosion, just as the gain of the XFEL (X-ray free-electron laser) has no parallel in the electron case. Despite reduced damage and much larger elastic scattering cross sections in the electron case, leading to not dissimilar elastic scattering rates (when account is taken of the greatly increased incident XFEL fluence), progress for single-particle electron diffraction is seen to depend on the effort to reduce emittance growth due to Coulomb interactions, and so allow formation of intense sub-micron beams no larger than a virus.
Kinematic characteristics of infant leg movements produced across a full day.

IntroductionOur purpose is to directly measure variability in infant leg movement behavior in the natural environment across a full day. We recently created an algorithm to identify an infant-produ...
A practical approach to holistic b-twig pattern matching for efficient XML query processing

Efficient twig pattern matching is essential to XML queries and other tree-based queries. Numerous so-called holistic algorithms have been proposed to process the twig patterns in XML queries. However, a more general form of twig patterns, called B-twig (or Boolean-twig), which allow arbitrary combination of all the three logical connectives, AND, OR, and NOT in the twig patterns, has not yet been adequately addressed. In this paper, a new approach accompanied with an optimal implementation algorithm is presented for efficiently processing B-twig XML queries. Experimental study confirms the viability and performance superiority of our new approach.
Product Decisions by Sellers on a Platform: Publishers’ e-Book Offerings on Amazon Kindle

Platform operators are concerned not only with sellers’ participation but also the way sellers participate. We examine three questions on sellers’ product decisions that are salient to platform per...
Optimal risk based design of storm sewer networks

Optimal design of sewer network has conventionally been pursued within a deterministic framework. However, such design may be appropriate because of existence of uncertainties affecting the performance of a storm sewer system, e.g., precipitation rate, insufficient data, errors in design equations, and other factors. These uncertainties are systematically evaluated and incorporated in the proposed design of a storm sewer system. The optimal choice of slopes and diameters of the entire sewer network is based on a tradeoff between risk due to potential flood losses and the cost of installation of the sewers. Discrete differential dynamic programming technique is used in the risk-based design.
NOD.H-2h4 Mice: An Important and Underutilized Animal Model of Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Sjogren's Syndrome

NOD.H-2h4 mice express the K haplotype on the NOD genetic background. They spontaneously develop thyroiditis and Sjogren's syndrome, but they do not develop diabetes. Although autoimmune thyroid diseases and Sjogren's syndrome are highly prevalent autoimmune diseases in humans, there has been relatively little emphasis on the use of animal models of these diseases for understanding basic mechanisms involved in development and therapy of chronic organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The goal of this review is to highlight some of the advantages of NOD.H-2h4 mice for studying basic mechanisms involved in development of autoimmunity. NOD.H-2h4 mice are one of relatively few animal models that develop organ-specific autoimmune diseases spontaneously, i.e., without a requirement for immunization with antigen and adjuvant, and in both sexes in a relatively short period of time. Thyroiditis and Sjogren's syndrome in NOD.H-2h4 mice are chronic autoimmune diseases that develop relatively early in life and persist for the life of the animal. Because the animals do not become clinically ill, the NOD.H-2h4 mouse provides an excellent model to test therapeutic protocols over a long period of time. The availability of several mutant mice on this background provides a means to address the impact of particular cells and molecules on the autoimmune diseases. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the only animal model in which the presence or absence of a single cytokine, IFN-γ, is sufficient to completely inhibit one autoimmune thyroid disease, with a completely distinct autoimmune thyroid disease developing when it is absent.
The effects of cytokeratin knock-out on breast cancer cell phase features assessed with telecentric digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and machine learning

A telecentric DHM system and a support vector machine-based classifier were developed to investigate the effects of cytokeratin 19 knockout on the morphology and phase features of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
DNA polymerase II-dependent DNA synthesis in toluenized Bacillus subtilis cells.

An ATP-dependent DNA-polymerase-II-mediated repair can be demonstrated in Bacillus subtilis toluenized cells using 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)uracil (HPUra) and exogenous DNase I.
Historias de migrantes y sus razones para la emigración: guatemaltecos en movimiento

This single instrumental case study was designed to learn about emigrants’ reasons for emigrating, situated within the challenges and available opportunities in their home country of Guatemala. Eight emigrants (two women and six men) were interviewed to better understand their personal experiences and to examine the role of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) investments, Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), and Guatemala’s domestic conditions and development in participants’ decisions to emigrate to the U.S. The study was guided by the following central questions: (1) How do emigrants explain their reasons for leaving? (2) What motivates emigration in Guatemala’s domestic conditions? (3) And how are these reasons related to U.S. policies, if at all? Data were drawn from multiple sources. The literature on Guatemala’s history and current USAID investments and impacts provides an understanding of the present context in Guatemala for emigration, and interviews with emigrants in the U.S. and Guatemala provide data on personal experiences with emigration. Primary findings were that significant economic hardship and lack of opportunity motivated emigrants’ decisions to go to the U.S. All participants, except for one, had received no development aid, and for the one who had received aid, it did not factor into his decision to emigrate. Half of the participants indicated that they would not have emigrated if development programs had offered educational opportunities and jobs.
The Use of Mock NSF-type Grant Proposals and Blind Peer Review as the Capstone Assignment in Upper-Level Neurobiology and Cell Biology Courses.

Although the use of grant proposals and blind peer review are standard in the natural sciences, their use as a pedagogical tool is rarely mentioned in the literature. As a consequence of dissatisfaction with term papers and literature reviews as the capstone writing experience in 300-level undergraduate biology courses, I have been experimenting with mock NSF-type grant proposals followed by blind peer review as the major assignment in my junior/senior-level classes. The improvement in educational outcomes and competencies due to this assignment appears to be substantial and worth the additional effort on both the students’ and instructor’s parts. Here, I outline the mechanics of this assignment and its advantages and disadvantages as well as the type of curriculum that is required to support this type of capstone assignment.
Who Else Is Running? Reference Dependence in Candidate Evaluations:

Research assessing how voters evaluate political candidates often focuses on the effects of particular attributes (e.g., race, gender, partisanship). I submit that voters’ perceptions of candidates...
Mixed Precision: A Strategy for New Science Opportunities

Since the days of vector supercomputers, computational scientists have relied on high-precision arithmetic to accurately solve problems. But changes to hardware, spurred by the demand for more computing capability and growth in machine learning, have researchers considering lower precision alternatives.
Bases of Leavitt path algebras with only strongly regular elements

Recent articles consider invertible and locally invertible algebras (respectively, those having a basis consisting solely of invertible or solely of strongly regular elements). Previous contributio...
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN 30-DAY AND 1-YEAR MORTALITY RATES AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Anecdotal evidence suggests that risk-adjusted mortality rates after TAVR have been declining over the years as the procedure became more routinized and device technology improved. Confirming this finding with a systematic assessment of the evidence could have substantial implications for the choice
My Boss is an App

In this self-ethnographic text, the author tells us about his precarious experience both as a doctor without a position and as a driver for Uber and Lyft in Pittsburgh. He shows the striking ability of platforms to capture the lives of its subjects-workers and to extend their availability by manipulating their perception of possible rewards. The author thus exposes how platforms overburden workers in terms of the constant availability required from them, and shows what ensues from it: an appropriation of the present, invaded by the urgency to do, to be there, at all cost, in the hope of obtaining a fare, a situation that is not so different from the effects entailed by precariousness in the field of academia.
Implications of Bacteriophage- and Bacteriophage Component-Based Therapies for the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory.

ABSTRACT Treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly challenged by resistance to currently available antibacterial agents. Not only are such agents less likely to be active today than they were in the past, but their very use has selected for and continues to select for further resistance. Additional strategies for the management of bacterial illnesses must be identified. In this review, bacteriophage-based therapies are presented as one promising approach. In anticipation of their potential expansion into clinical medicine, clinical microbiologists may wish to acquaint themselves with bacteriophages and their antibacterial components and, specifically, with methods for testing them. Here, we reviewed the literature spanning January 2007 to March 2019 on bacteriophage and phage-encoded protein therapies of relevance to clinical microbiology.
The effects of different entry modes of foreign direct investment on labor rights in the developing world

abstractAlthough many studies have investigated the effects of foreign direct investment on labor rights in the developing world, no studies of which we are aware have considered how differences in the mode of entry—that is, mergers and acquisitions (M&As), cross-border joint ventures (JVs), and greenfield investments (GIs)—taken by multinational corporations affect labor rights in host countries. Using panel data for up to 113 developing countries from 1985–2002, we find that foreign firms that enter via M&As tend to have minimal, or slightly negative, effects on labor rights, whereas JVs and GIs support improvements in workers’ rights. Overall, the results suggest that the sectors and motivations associated with JV and GI modes of entry increase labor demand, improving the bargaining power of workers.
Analysis of State Insurance Coverage for Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Low Back Pain as Recommended by the American College of Physicians Guidelines.

BackgroundIn 2017, the American College of Physicians (ACP) released guidelines encouraging nonpharmacologic treatment of chronic low back pain (LBP). These guidelines recommended utilization of tr...
Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma: a Single Institutional Experience

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with limited data to guide the management of metastatic disease. The optimal treatment strategies and outcomes of patients with metastatic ACC remain areas of active interest. We retrospectively reviewed patients with ACC who were treated with systemic therapy between January 1997 and October 2016 at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for survival analysis. We identified 65 patients diagnosed with ACC during the given time period, and 36 patients received systemic therapy for distant metastatic disease. Median age at diagnosis was 50 (range 28-87). Median overall survival (OS) from time of diagnosis of ACC was 27 months (95% CI 19.6-39.3), and median OS from time of systemic treatment for metastatic disease was 18.7 months (95% CI 9.3-26.0). Clinical characteristics at time of initiation of systemic therapy were assessed, and presence of bone metastases (p = 0.66), ascites (p = 0.19), lung metastases (p = 0.12), liver metastases (p = 0.47), as well as hormonal activity of tumor (p = 0.19), were not prognostic for survival. Six patients with liver metastases treated with systemic therapy who received liver-directed therapy with either transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) had longer survival than those who did not (p = 0.011). Our data expands the knowledge of clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with ACC and suggests a possible role for incorporating liver-directed therapies for patients with hepatic metastases.
Keyhole Microsurgical Middle Fossa Arachnoid Cyst Fenestration: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

Surgical options for symptomatic intracranial arachnoid cysts include cyst shunting and microscopic or endoscopic fenestration.1 We advocate a microsurgical keyhole approach for the durable fenestration of middle fossa arachnoid cysts, taking advantage of the superior magnification, depth perception, and illumination of the operating microscope, as well as the ability to use bimanual surgical technique and variable suction to ensure safe manipulation of arachnoid membranes and fenestration of these lesions into the deep cisterns.2 Key technical aspects of this approach demonstrated in this video (Video 1) include performance of a dime-sized temporal craniotomy; strict microsurgical technique with sharp dissection via a No. 11 blade, sharp microdissectors, and microscissors; disruption of the arachnoid membranes overlying cranial nerves II/III, the internal carotid artery, and the posterior communicating artery; and fenestration of the membrane of Lilliquist through the opticocarotid, oculomotor, and/or supratrochlear triangles. The utility of this approach is illustrated by the case of a 5-year-old male with a history of headaches and interval progression of a left temporal grade 2 arachnoid cyst, who experienced symptom resolution and cyst shrinkage after keyhole microsurgical fenestration.
The Promise of CRISPR for Human Germline Editing and the Perils of “Playing God”

In the midst of the media and professional exuberance regarding the potential benefits of CRISPR technology, voices of criticism and caution have also arisen. One of the thorniest such cautions has been the common objection that CRISPR allows bioscientists to "play God," particularly when it comes to potentially editing the human germline. Many in the biotechnology field are unsure how to address this concern. What does it mean, particularly for bioscientists who may not have any rational or rhetorical categories for God? In this article, I explore possible meanings of "playing God" and the arguments for how those meanings might be applied in the utilization of CRISPR technology for human germline editing. I then test the validity of those arguments and explore potential counterarguments. Finally, I discuss how members of the bioscience community might respond to the objection of "playing God" and contribute to that dialogue in ways that could impact the future of CRISPR development and applications.
The secret world: a history of intelligence

Some 35 years ago, Christopher Andrew and David Dilks lamented that intelligence was the “missing dimension” of history.11 Christopher Andrew and David Dilks, eds., The Missing Dimension: Governmen...
Re: Does Prescription Opioid Misuse Affect the Level of Health Care Satisfaction Endorsed by Patients on Opioid Therapy?

To the Editor: I commend Dr. Jerant and colleagues[1][1] on their article entitled “Satisfaction with Health Care among Prescription Opioid Recipients.” In the said article, the authors rightfully noted that 2 potential explanations for the findings could be the long duration of opioid use with
17-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 13 Deficiency Does Not Protect Mice From Obesogenic Diet Injury.

Background and aims 17-Beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) is genetically associated with human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inactivating mutations in HSD17B13 protect humans from NAFLD-associated and alcohol-associated liver injury, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to clinical trials of anti-HSD17B13 therapeutic agents in humans. We aimed to study the in vivo function of HSD17B13 using a mouse model. Approach and results Single-cell RNA-sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR data revealed that hepatocytes are the main HSD17B13-expressing cells in mice and humans. We compared Hsd17b13 whole-body knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermate controls fed regular chow (RC), a high-fat diet (HFD), a Western diet (WD), or the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism model of alcohol exposure. HFD and WD induced significant weight gain, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. However, there was no difference between genotypes with regard to body weight, liver weight, hepatic triglycerides (TG), histological inflammatory scores, expression of inflammation-related and fibrosis-related genes, and hepatic retinoid levels. Compared to WT, KO mice on the HFD had hepatic enrichment of most cholesterol esters, monoglycerides, and certain sphingolipid species. Extended feeding with the WD for 10 months led to extensive liver injury, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with no difference between genotypes. Under alcohol exposure, KO and WT mice showed similar hepatic TG and liver enzyme levels. Interestingly, chow-fed KO mice showed significantly higher body and liver weights compared to WT mice, while KO mice on obesogenic diets had a shift toward larger lipid droplets. Conclusions Extensive evaluation of Hsd17b13 deficiency in mice under several fatty liver-inducing dietary conditions did not reproduce the protective role of HSD17B13 loss-of-function mutants in human NAFLD. Moreover, mouse Hsd17b13 deficiency induces weight gain under RC. It is crucial to understand interspecies differences prior to leveraging HSD17B13 therapies.
An evaluation of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate as a treatment option for hyperkalemia.

Hyperkalemia, defined as serum potassium level > 5.0 mEq/l, is associated with serious cardiac dysrhythmias, sudden death and increased mortality risk. It is common in patients with chronic kidney ...
Determinants of Tissue-Specific Metabolic Adaptation of T Cells.

Summary Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of T cell activation and function. As our understanding of T cell metabolism increases, so does our appreciation of its inherent complexity. The metabolic heterogeneity of T cells that reside in different locations, such as lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, presents a challenge to developing therapies that exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. The roots of metabolic heterogeneity are only beginning to be understood. Here, we propose four factors that contribute to the adaptation of T cells to their dynamic tissue environment: (1) functional status of T cells, (2) local factors unique to the tissue niche, (3) type of inflammation, and (4) time spent in a specific tissue. We review emerging concepts about tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in T cells with particular attention to explain how such metabolic properties are used as an adaptation mechanism. Adaptation of immune cells to the local microenvironment is critical for their persistence and function. Here, Varanasi et al. review the role and types of metabolic adaptation acquired by T cells in tissues and how these adaptations might differ between tissue type, disease state, and functionality of a T cell.
Impact of COVID-19 on Academic Campus Energy Use

This poster compares energy use of the campus of the University of Texas at Austin during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 to that of previous years. Our results show change in weekly aggregate chilled water and electricity consumption as a result of changes in building operation schedules and the response of utility demand to changing occupancy.
Mechanisms and management of acaricide resistance for Tetranychus urticae in agroecosystems

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a constant threat to sustainable production of numerous economically important crops globally. Management of T. urticae is heavily reliant on the application of synthetic acaricides. However, T. urticae has rapidly developed resistance to most of the acaricides available for its control due to its very broad host plant range, extremely short lifecycle, high fecundity, arrhenotokous parthenogenesis, and overwintering strategy. Despite the recent progress in identifying genetic changes/markers associated with resistance toward some commonly used acaricides for T. urticae, there is still limited studies that select and apply these markers in field populations to guide sustainable pest management strategy design. Temporal and spatial characterization of acaricide-resistant phenotypes and their underlying mechanisms are crucial for the design and implementation of successful and sustainable integrated mite management programs. This review highlights the current acaricide resistance status of field-collected T. urticae populations and the underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance. Our review found that some genetic mutations in target sites and/or overexpression of metabolic genes confer resistance in geographically exclusive populations, while some resistance markers appear to be specific to populations at biogeographical areas. Thus, there is a need for locally based coordinated efforts to understand the mechanisms of resistance present in endemic T. urticae populations. Moreover, we discuss a prospective template for designing an effective acaricide resistance management program within various agroecosystems.
SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection: Real-world results of environmental surface testing from a large tertiary cancer center.

Background Despite consensus guidelines, concern about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission has dissuaded patients with cancer from seeking medical care. Studies have shown that contaminated surfaces may contain viable virus for up to 72 hours in laboratory settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate contamination of SARS-CoV-2 on commonly used environmental surfaces in a tertiary cancer care center. Methods This study evaluated the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in high-touch outpatient and inpatient cancer center spaces. Surfaces were tested over a 2-week period after patient or staff exposure but before scheduled disinfection services according to the World Health Organization protocols for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surface sampling. Samples were analyzed via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Results Two hundred four environmental samples were obtained from inpatient and outpatient oncology clinics and infusion suites, and they were categorized as 1) public areas, 2) staff areas, or 3) medical equipment. One hundred thirty surfaces from 2 outpatient hematology and oncology clinics and 36 surfaces from an inpatient leukemia/lymphoma/chimeric antigen receptor T-cell unit were examined, and all 166 samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2. One of 38 samples (2.6%) from COVID-19+ inpatient units was positive. Altogether, the positive test rate for SARS-CoV-2 RNA across all surfaces was 0.5% (1 of 204). Conclusions This prospective, systematic quality assurance investigation of real-world environmental surfaces, performed in inpatient and outpatient hematology/oncology units, revealed overall negligible detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA when strict mitigation strategies against COVID-19 transmission were instituted. Lay summary The potential risks of nosocomial infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have deterred patients with cancer from seeking timely care despite consensus guidelines. This study has found negligible rates of environmental contamination with SARS-CoV-2 across a multitude of commonly used surfaces in outpatient and inpatient hematology/oncology settings with adherence to strict infection control protocols.
Review of the effect of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, benefits and harm

Blood plasma is a transparent liquid that tends to yellow. Blood plasma is the intravascular part of extracellular fluid. Blood plasma accounts for about 55% of the total blood volume in the human body. Blood plasma plays an important role in the transmission of water, salts and nutrients such as sugars, vitamins, hormones and others. Passing us age and time was running out for good and no matter how hard we try to keep ourselves and our bodies remain scars age in our faces and bodies we really unavoidable, no escape, one of the ladies afraid from the effects of age and scars on her face and feared that her skin is wrinkled and show traces of age with time for that decision GR LIPA. He was to quit laughing and smiling just for fifty years didn't laugh once lest it appear wrinkled Maybe succeeded with that plan barely, but you deserve to pay the price for happiness laughed and fear of wrinkles and skin youthfulness and lost their shape and slightly slicked and sagging occurs in some places such as swell and lose the whiteness of it and be pockets in our faces and science we find other ways Effective. It seems that the decision was made on this issue since the plasma facial cosmetic world needles to make it jump out to us the results weren't dreaming about her other start.
31 Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 is highly upregulated on human neutrophils upon migration to the airways

Objective Migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from blood into the airway lumen is accompanied by changes in surface receptors and responsiveness to environmental cues, such as sphingolipids. In particular, signaling via extracellular ceramide/sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) was suggested to contribute to human airway disease, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). We hypothesized that airway PMNs would alter expression of the S1P receptor, S1PR3, which was recently implicated in lung inflammation and fibrosis. Methods We collected blood and sputum from healthy control (HC) and CF subjects and analyzed S1PR3 expression in live PMNs gated by flow cytometry. In addition, we used a novel in vitro model to study the effect of transepithelial migration of blood PMNs on S1PR3 expression. Results We observed a 10-fold upregulation of surface S1PR3 expression on HC and CF airway PMNs, in vivo, compared to their blood counterparts. This major increase was recapitulated in vitro, when naive blood PMNs were induced to transmigrate through an airway epithelial layer upon exposure to apical CF airway fluid. S1PR3 expression increased over time, by 10-fold after 10 hours, and up to 20-fold at 18 hours. Conclusion Modulation of S1PR3 expression follows PMN migration to both HC and CF airways. Further studies will determine the importance of this receptor in mediating responses to ceramide/S1P signaling in these cells, including PMN migration, apoptosis and activation.
Effect of G-Jitter on Liquid free Surfaces in Microgravity

In a uniform one-g environment, gravity plays a major role in restraining the motion of a fluid placed in an open container. Under microgravity conditions, however, a fluid free surface is restrained mainly by surface tension. That leads to the concern that, given the small vibrations which occur in space vehicles, it might not be possible to contain a fluid in an open vessel adequately. The problem was of special concern in the design of the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment (STDCE) to be conducted aboard the USML-1 Spacelab which is scheduled to fly in 1992. In the experiment a ten centimeter diameter cylindrical container five centimeters in height is to be filled with 10 cs silicone oil while in orbit. The container, filled level with the side walls, is then to be subjected to various thermal conditions in order to examine the convection resulting from surface tension gradients [1]. In an early stage of its design it was determined that a study should be conducted to determine the effects of g-jitter on the liquid free surface in microgravity because very little information was available in literature on the subject.
The Chemistry of 8-Mercaptoquinoline and its Derivatives. I. Synthesis of 8-Mercaptcoquinoline

An improvement has been made in Edinger's method of preparing 8-mercaptoquinoline. A new method of synthesizing the same compound, which consists of the reduction of quinoline-8-sulfonyl chloride, has been developed. It has been found that the S-benzoyl derivative of 8-mercaptoquinoline readily undergoes acoholysis.
The MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database on CD-ROM and software for use with it

A compact-disk ROM containing the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Boston's Beth Israel Hospital (BIH) Arrhythmia Database as well as a large number of supplementary recordings assembled for various research projects was produced. In all, the CD-ROM contains approximately 600 megabytes of digitized electrocardiograms (ECG) recordings, most with beat-by-beat annotations, having a total duration in excess of 200 hours. The CD-ROM format makes this substantial collection of ECGs accessible to researchers with PCs as well as those with larger computer systems. The contents of the CD-ROM and the issues involved in its production are described. Software for use with the CD-ROM as well as for development of similar databases is also described. >
Dorsoventral axis formation in Drosophila depends on the correct dosage of the gene gurken.

The Drosophila gene gurken participates in a signaling process that occurs between the germ line and the somatic cells (follicle cells) of the ovary. This process is required for correct patterning of the dorsoventral axis of both the egg and the embryo. gurken produces a spatially localized transcript which encodes a TGF-alpha-like molecule (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, Cell 75, 165–174, 1993). Mutations in gurken cause a ventralized phenotype in egg and embryo. To determine whether the gurken gene product plays an instructive role in dorsoventral patterning, we constructed females containing extra copies of a gurken transgene. Such females produce dorsalized eggs and embryos, which is expected if gurken acts as a limiting factor in the dorsoventral patterning process. In addition, the expression pattern of the gene rhomboid in the follicle cells is altered in ovaries of females containing extra copies of gurken. Our results indicate that changing gurken dosage in otherwise wild-type ovaries is sufficient to alter the number of somatic follicle cells directed to the dorsal fate. Therefore the gurken-torpedo signaling process plays an instructive role in oogenesis. It induces dorsal cell fates in the follicle cell epithelium and it controls the production of maternal components that will direct the embryonic dorsoventral pattern after fertilization.
Special Contribution: Third Molar Clinical Trials Annotated Bibliography.

Purpose To provide clinicians with an annotated bibliography of published articles from research funded externally by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Foundation, spanning 1996 to 2015, addressing the topic of third molar management. Materials and Methods A brief summary for each article was generated by the respective authors. Results The complete annotated bibliography generated by the authors is included in the Appendix. Conclusion The annotated bibliography provides clinicians and other interested individuals with a summary of current literature emanating from clinical studies on third molar topics.
Expansion of the central arborizations of persistent sensory neurons during insect metamorphosis: the role of the steroid hormone, 20- hydroxyecdysone

During insect metamorphosis many larval neurons persist but are modified to serve new behavioral roles at later stages of life. For example, certain larval mechanosensory neurons expand their central arborizations during pupal development and evoke a different behavioral response, the gin trap reflex. The role of the insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) in this developmental change was investigated by removing the normal source of the hormone, followed by topical application of 20-HE to the peripheral somata of the sensory neurons. In prepupal animals that were ligated between the abdomen and thorax to remove the source of ecdysteroids the sensory neurons retained a larval arborization pattern. Topical application of 20-HE to the peripheral sensory neuron somata caused the treated neurons to undergo terminal arbor expansion within the CNS. The treated sensory neurons were not able to evoke the normal pupal behavioral response, but instead caused a larval-like reflex response. In a previous study, sensory neurons that were treated peripherally with a juvenile hormone analog during the commitment peak of ecdysteroids were shown to retain a larval arborization pattern at pupation and to not evoke the gin trap reflex (Levine et al., 1986). Within 4 d of pupation, however, these neurons belatedly developed expanded terminal arbors and evoked the pupal reflex. In the present study, similarly treated animals were ligated at pupation to block the surge in ecdysteroids that normally occurs at this time. This treatment prevented both the delayed expansion and the reflex, whereas topical 20-HE application induced growth and allowed the treated sensory neurons to evoke the gin trap reflex. It is concluded that both 20-HE and juvenile hormone act directly on the cell bodies of the sensory neurons to regulate the growth of their central processes. This growth is necessary but not sufficient for the development of the gin trap reflex, suggesting that other steroid-dependent changes must also occur within the CNS. Thus, as in the vertebrates, steroid hormones direct important developmental events within the insect nervous system.
A novel 1.5 V CMFB CMOS down-conversion mixer design for IEEE 802.11 A WLAN systems

This paper presents a 5.8 GHz low voltage down-conversion mixer design integrated in a TSMC 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The proposed method features that an RF input stage converts the RF input voltage to current, which is coupled to the core of Gilbert Cell using current mirror. This implementation eliminates the current source transistor at bottom and furthermore reduces the supply voltage. Common-mode feedback is used for the active load of the mixer. The LO frequency is at 5.6 GHz. The designed mixer requires only a 1.5 V supply voltage and consumes 11.78 mW DC power. At 5.8 GHz, this mixer has single-sideband noise figure (SSB NF) of 13.6 dB, with input return loss of -18 dB, with output return loss of -26.4 dB, Third-order Input Intercept Point (IIP3) of -10.66 dBm, and conversion gain of 10.4 dB.
Very low-noise Al0.3Ga0.7As/In0.35Ga0.65As/GaAs single quantum-well pseudomorphic HEMTs

AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs with an InAs mole fraction as high as 35% in the channel has been successfully fabricated. The device exhibits a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 700mS/mm. At 18GHz, a minimum noise figure of 0.55dB with 15.0dB associated gain was measured. At 94GHz, a minimum noise figure as low as 2.4dB with 5.4dB associated gain was also obtained. This is the best noise performance ever reported for GaAs-based HEMTs.
Finite element model updating of lightly damped structures using complex modes

A new method for the updating of finite element models using experimentally measured complex modes is presented. The updating involves a two-step process; first an iterative step expands the experimental modes and corrects the mass and stiffness matrices, followed by a damping correction step. Instead of altering numerical entries in the finite element matrices, the physical meaning of the update is preserved by correcting design parameters within a user-defined model. The correction system is usually built at the element level using sensitivity matrices. It is demonstrated that the method provides reasonable results for lightly damped structures. Results are provided from two numerical test problems. Numerical conditioning can be used to improve the quality of the update. (Author)
Lymphangiomyomatosis with chylous ascites: treatment with dietary fat restriction and medium chain triglycerides.

Lymphangiomyomyoma is a tumor of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes, clinically manifested by recurrent chylous pleural effusions and ascites. The disease is usually progressive and unresponsive to surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation. A case of lymphangiomyomatosis in a 24-year-old woman who presented with chylous ascites is described. The patient was treated with dietary fat restriction supplemented with medium chain triglycerides and has remained free of recurrent effusions for 2 years. Cancer 40:895–897, 1977.
Longitudinal assessment of quality of life in laryngeal cancer patients.

Background Although quality of life (QL) and performance status are important outcomes in head and neck (HN) cancer, there is little systematic inclusion of these parameters in treatment trials. Methods Rate and recovery of function were evaluated over a 6-month period in 21 laryngeal cancer patients, 7 in each of 3 treatment groups: total laryngectomy (group 1), hemilaryngectomy (group 2), and radiotherapy only (group 3). Assessment included Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients (PSS-HN: Diet, Speech, and Eating in Public subscales) and the FACT-HN, a multidimensional QL measure. Results Groups differed in patterns of performance recovery over time in expected directions. Group 1 recovered most slowly, without achieving normal functioning by 6 months; most of group 2 returned to normal functioning by 3 months; group 3 showed little overall dysfunction. There was no difference in overall QL between groups or over time. Performance status was significantly correlated with the FACT head and neck subscale and somewhat with the Physical subscale. In contrast, ability to eat and/or speak was not associated with overall QL nor with any other specific QL dimension (eg. emotional or social well-being). Conclusions Results support the sensitivity and applicability of two site-specific performance/QL measures: PSS-HN and FACT-HN. Findings also emphasize the need to employ multidimensional tools to adequately evaluate the nonmedical outcomes in head and neck patients. HEAD & NECK 1996;18:1–10 © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.