cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure of human thymidylate synthase under low-salt conditions.

Human thymidylate synthase, a target in cancer chemotherapy, was crystallized from PEG 3350 with 30 mM ammonium sulfate (AS) in the crystallization medium. The crystals are isomorphous with the high-salt crystals (∼2.0 M AS) and the structure has been solved and refined (R = 22.6%, Rfree = 24.3%) at 1.8 A resolution. The high- and low-AS-concentration structures are quite similar, with loop 181–197 is in the inactive conformation. Also, residues 95–106 and 129–135 (eukaryotic inserts region) show high mobility as assessed by poor electron density and high values of crystallographic temperature factors (residues 1–25 and 108–129 are disordered in both structures). The high mobility of this region may reflect the situation at physiological ionic strength. Of the four sulfate ions observed bound at 2.0 M AS, only two are present at 30 mM AS. The inactive conformation appears to be stabilized by the side chain of Val3 or a leucine residue from the disordered regions. The low-salt conditions of these crystals should be much more suitable for the study of thymidylate synthase inhibitors, especially those that utilize sulfate-binding sites to stabilize the inactive conformation of loop 181–197.
On the Structure of Unconfined Turbulent Spray Flames

Abstract Computations are reported on the detailed structures of unconfined turbulent combusting sprays. Favre-averaged gas-phase equations and a κ-e-g turbulence closure model are utilized. Using a conserved scalar approach and assuming the form of probability density function to be a clipped Gaussian, the thermodynamic scalar variables are calculated from a partial equilibrium model. The major features of the liquid-phase model are that a stochastic random-walk approach is used to represent the effect of gas-phase turbulence on droplet trajectories and vaporization. variable-property effects are considered in a comprehensive manner, and a conduction-limit model is employed to represent the transient liquid-phase processes. This two-phase model is used to study the structure of an unconfined methanol spray flame. An important observation is that the turbulent spray flame structure is significantly different, both quantitatively and qualitatively, from that of the corresponding gaseous diffusion flame. In...
Source memory in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease

Abstract This research examined whether source memory is preserved in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). In Experiment 1, AD patients and normal elderly controls recalled true facts (information acquired outside of the experimental setting) and made-up facts (information acquired in the experiment), and they determined the source of these memories. Relative to controls, AD patients recalled fewer facts, but when they remembered this information, they attributed their learning to the correct source. In Experiment 2, memory of made-up facts was equated between groups by incorporating a 1-week recall delay for the controls. Again, AD patients accurately determined whether facts were learned inside or outside of the experiment. However, both groups performed at chance in terms of their memory for whether a made-up fact was read on a card or told by the examiner. The findings indicate relative preservation of source memory in the earliest stages of AD and are discussed in terms of methodo...
Air pollution and its effect on the upper respiratory tract and on allergic rhinosinusitis

The nose is the first organ system encountered by inhaled air and its associated pollutants. Pollutants are deposited during inspiration through the nose. They accumulate on mucus and are absorbed in the nasal mucosa, resulting in a number of deleterious effects on the body. Irritation of the nose and sinus from these pollutants, resulting from direct contact with the nasal mucosa, leads to inflammation, edema, swelling, and blocked sinuses. The result is acute and chronic sinusitis. Absorption of these chemicals into the body produces systemic effects. Their effect on the immune system, although subtle, leads to dramatic changes in the allergic diathesis. The T suppressor cell is the most sensitive cell of the immune system and the first to be affected by exposure to chemical pollutants. Diminution of the suppressor activity and the relative increase in helper activity in turn lead to increased immunoglobulin production and the manifestation of allergy symptoms. The underlying biochemical reaction is caused by the effects of pollutants on the T suppressor cell. Patients with existing allergies become brittle and difficult to treat with the exacerbation of the allergic diathesis. Removal of these chemical pollutants from the body as quickly as possible is essential for effective treatment of this problem. Dietary antioxidants help reduce the oxidizing effect of the pollutants and act as conjugators to remove the pollutants from the body.
4574 Endoscopic ultrasound restaging of rectal cancer is inaccurate following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of pre-operative rectal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in restaging rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Methods:We reviewed 285 patients who underwent surgical resection of rectal cancer between 1988 and 1998, and identified 93 patients who had pre-operative rectal EUS for staging. Of these 93 patients, 56 patients had CRT prior to restaging EUS (CRT group), and 29 patients did not (control group). The remaining 8 patients were excluded: 2 due to incomplete examination secondary to strictures, 4 had failed to have follow-up restaging EUS after CRT, and 2 had prior pelvic irradiation for unrelated reasons. The accuracy of the EUS T and N staging was determined based on the final pathologic staging of the surgical specimen. A comparison of the EUS accuracy was made between the CRT group and the control group. Statistical significance was set at p=0.05. Results: The 56 patients in the CRT group had 17 women and 39 men with a mean age of 60 (range 24 to 80). The control group had 13 women and 16 men with a mean age of 61 (range 31 to 89). The overall rectal EUS T staging accuracy was 42.9% in the CRT group and 69.0% in the control group (p=0.016). The accuracy for N status was 67.9% for the CRT group and 89.7% for the control group (p=0.010). Understaging by EUS occurred in 25.0% of the CRT group and 13.8% of the control group, while overstaging was found in 32.1% of the CRT group and 17.2% of the control group. Conclusion: Endoscopic ultrasound restaging of resectable rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy is inaccurate. Comparatively, endoscopic ultrasound staging of rectal cancer without prior chemoradiation is significantly more accurate. This difference is likely due to local radiation induced edema and fibrosis that distort sonographic images.
Neutron dosimetry using the bipolar transistor Gummel-Poon model parameter C2

Abstract In this study a comparison is made between dc current gain, h FE , and the base-emitter leakage emission coefficient, C 2 , of bipolar transistors for use as an indicator in neutron dosimetry. 2N2484 and 2N2222 npn bipolar transistors were subjected to 1 MeV equivalent neutron irradiation ranging from 1 × 10 12 n/cm 2 to 1 × 10 16 n/cm 2 using a TRIGA reactor. Results indicate that the Gummel-Poon model parameter C 2 is significantly more sensitive than h FE to values of neutron fluence to which a transistor is exposed. Linear modeling equations indicate that the increase in C 2 after neutron irradiation, like h FE , is due to displacement of silicon atoms and can be used in neutron dosimetry. A “ C 2 damage constant”, K C 2 is defined which can be used in modeling equations to estimate the fluence of an unknown neutron field. Compared to h FE , a significant improvement in accuracy is obtained when C 2 is used to determine the fluence of an unknown neutron field at low fluence levels. Some improvement is also observed at higher fluences.
Information without Truth

According to the Veridicality Thesis, information requires truth. On this view, smoke carries information about there being a fire only if there is a fire, the proposition that the earth has two moons carries information about the earth having two moons only if the earth has two moons, and so on. We reject this Veridicality Thesis. We argue that the main notions of information used in cognitive science and computer science allow A to have information about the obtaining of p even when p is false.
On the Path of the Excitation Wave in Atrial Flutter

Available data on the arrival times of excitation at various central and peripheral atrial sites during atrial flutter (in a number of dogs and in one patient) have been examined in relation to families of involutes of an arbitrary central obstacle. The degree of fit seems to be satisfactory and is superior to that made for the same data by central-centrifugal (mother-daughter) waves. The latter appear to be an erroneous corollary of the circus movement hypothesis. In contrast, the concept that successive wave fronts of an entrapped circuit wave in atrial flutter may be described by a family of involutes has an appropriate physiological basis in the construction of Huygens, as first suggested by Wiener and Rosenblueth.
Radio Continuum Emission at 1.4 GHz from KISS Emission-Line Galaxies

We have searched the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeters (FIRST) and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) 1.4 GHz radio surveys for sources that are coincident with emission-line galaxy (ELG) candidates from the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS). A total of 207 of the 2157 KISS ELGs (~10%) in the first two Hα-selected survey lists were found to possess radio detections in FIRST, NVSS, or both. Follow-up spectra exist for all of the radio detections, allowing us to determine the activity type (star-forming vs. active nucleus) for the entire sample. We explore the properties of the radio-detected KISS galaxies in order to gain a better insight into the nature of radio-emitting galaxies in the local universe (z < 0.1). No dwarf galaxies were detected, despite the large numbers of low-luminosity galaxies present in KISS, suggesting that lower mass, lower luminosity objects do not possess strong galaxian-scale magnetic fields. Because of the selection technique used for KISS, our radio ELGs represent a quasi–volume-limited sample, which allows us to develop a clearer picture of the radio galaxy population at low redshift. Nearly two-thirds of the KISS radio galaxies are starburst or star-forming galaxies, which is in stark contrast to the results of flux-limited radio surveys, which are dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and elliptical galaxies (i.e., classical radio galaxies). While there are many AGNs among the KISS radio galaxies, there are no objects with large radio powers in our local volume. We derive a radio luminosity function (RLF) for the KISS ELGs that agrees very well with previous RLFs that adequately sample the lower luminosity radio population.
Electronic spectroscopy and photophysics of d4 clusters

The electronic structural analogies between (d4)2 M2X84− and (d4)6 (M6X8)X62− (M=Mo, W; X=Cl, Br, I) clusters are outlined. Metal-localized δ-type orbitals play an important role in the ground state and the lowest excited states of each complex. All evidence suggests that the splitting between the emissive δδ*-singlet and the δδ*-triplet excited states of M2X84− and related species is greater than 1 eV, whereas the ∼2-eV emissive excited state of (M6X8)X62− is a spin triplet.
MECHANISMS OF THE FLARE REACTION IN HUMAN SKIN

The diffuse area of arteriolar vasodilation surrounding a region of recently injured human skin (axon reflex flare) is dependent upon the integrity of nerve fibers with cell bodies located in dorsal root ganglia. Evidence is presented to indicate that a vasodilator peptide similar to a kinin, neurotensin, or substance P, is implicated in the chain of biochemical events responsible for the transient shift in vascular tonus observable as the flare reaction.