cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arthrodesis of the wrist for rheumatoid arthritis.

In the painful, unstable, and deformed wrist produced by rheumatoid arthritis, arthrodesis of the wrist has proved to be a good method of treatment. A bone graft to join the base of the metacarpals to the radius was used in twenty-seven patients, with good results in twenty-six. There was one painless pseudarthrosis. Bilateral wrist arthrodesis in three patients also proved satisfactory with regard to function.
Decreasing Obesity and Obesity Stigma: Socio-Demographic Differences in Beliefs About Causes of and Responsibility for Obesity

Obesity is a stigmatized condition, and research has shown that obesity stigma varies based on the perceived cause of obesity. It is important that public health professionals develop policy and campaigns that resonate with specific populations while avoiding an increase in harmful stigma. This study identifies socio-demographic differences in causal attributions of obesity and beliefs about responsibility for obesity. Using data from a survey of 923 people in the United States conducted by ABC New/Time Magazine, attributions of cause and responsibility are analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares regression. Beliefs about cause and responsibility fall on a continuum from primarily individual cause and personal responsibility to primarily societal cause and social responsibility. In general, women and minority racial groups are found to be more likely to identify causes over which individuals have little control and place responsibility on societal factors than men and Whites. People in higher income categories are found to be more likely to identify individual responsibility for obesity. Findings from this study can be used to shape information and public health policy to address obesity in ways that will not exacerbate obesity stigma as well as to create programs that will be customized for specific communities based on their existing beliefs.
An iterative algorithm for spectral estimation with spatial smoothing

Many multispectral imaging systems are computational in nature and require processing of raw data in order to obtain radiance spectra. In this paper, we derive a fast and scalable spectral estimation algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Using this approach we solve for the unknown surface spectral reflectance simultaneously for all pixels in the image. This global formulation allows us to incorporate spatial as well as spectral regularizers, such as total variation penalty or non-negativity. We show that the estimates derived with our solver are more accurate and more robust in the presence of noise.
Formation of a New Benzene–Ethane Co-Crystalline Structure Under Cryogenic Conditions

We report the first experimental finding of a solid molecular complex between benzene and ethane, two small apolar hydrocarbons, at atmospheric pressure and cryogenic temperatures. Considerable amounts of ethane are found to be incorporated inside the benzene lattice upon the addition of liquid ethane onto solid benzene at 90–150 K, resulting in formation of a distinctive co-crystalline structure that can be detected via micro-Raman spectroscopy. Two new features characteristic of these co-crystals are observed in the Raman spectra at 2873 and 1455 cm–1, which are red-shifted by 12 cm–1 from the υ1 (a1g) and υ11 (eg) stretching modes of liquid ethane, respectively. Analysis of benzene and ethane vibrational bands combined with quantum mechanical modeling of isolated molecular dimers reveal an interaction between the aromatic ring of benzene and the hydrogen atoms of ethane in a C–H···π fashion. The most favored configuration for the benzene–ethane dimer is the monodentate-contact structure, with a calcula...
Theoretical Studies of Carbonyl-Based Organic Molecules for Energy Storage Applications: The Heteroatom and Substituent Effect

Organic compounds represent an attractive choice for cathode materials in rechargeable lithium batteries. Among all the organic functionalities, carbonyl-based organic molecules (C-bOMs) exhibit rapid and generally chemically reversible electrochemical behavior, and their reduced forms (enolates) can have strong ionic interactions with small radii cations (such as Li+). Furthermore, a wide range of chemical variations/modifications can be performed on C-bOM structures via synthesis. We have systematically investigated how to modify their electrochemical behavior by shifting the formal potential, maximizing the interaction of the various redox forms with lithium ions, and maximizing the number of electrons transferred while minimizing the molecular weight of the compound, thus maximizing their gravimetric energy density. We have performed density-functional calculations to predict the formal potentials of the C-bOMs materials (E = 2.0–4.0 V) and identify the most promising candidates. We have determined ho...
VP16-213 and podophyllotoxin. A study on the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity.

VP16-213, a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, is an effective antitumor agent in the treatment of a variety of leukemias and solid tumors. A comparison of the mechanism of action of VP16-213 and podophyllotoxin has revealed that although both drugs inhibit the uptake of nucleosides into HeLa cells, they exhibit other biological properties which are quite distinct. Podophyllotoxin is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly in vitro, while VP16-213 has no effect in this system. VP16-213 induces single stranded breaks in HeLa cell DNA, an effect which may be related to its antitumor activity. In contrast to VP16-213-treated cells, podophyllotoxin-treated cells maintain DNA integrity. Structure-activity relationship studies have identified some of the chemical sites of VP16-213 and podophyllotoxin responsible for each of their biological properties. These studies illustrate that chemical modification of podophyllotoxin can generate derivatives which possess new and unique biological properties.
Timing of Medically Indicated Delivery in Diabetic Pregnancies: A Perspective on Current Evidence-Based Recommendations

Diabetes complicates 6 to 7% of all pregnancies in the United States. Poor glycemic control is associated with multiple immediate and long-term adverse effects on both the mother and fetus. Although uniformity exists in the antenatal management of this disease, there is a paucity of evidence-based studies upon which to dictate the optimal time of delivery among affected women. The potential risks of delayed neonatal pulmonary maturation including respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnea of the newborn associated with early delivery must be balanced with the increased incidence of fetal demise, overgrowth, and birth injury related to diabetes in late gestations. Even among diabetic women with optimal glycemic control, the risk of stillbirth in the third trimester is considerably higher than their normal counterparts. The current paradigm of delaying delivery to 39 weeks in women with controlled and uncomplicated diabetes has been challenged by recent evidence advocating delivery by 38 weeks to improve perinatal outcomes. However, additional well-designed and adequately powered prospective studies are needed to better understand the short- and long-term implications of the optimal timing of delivery in this high-risk population. This article reviews the most current literature regarding the optimal timing of delivery in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is the result of immune-mediated destruction of fetal or newborn red blood cells when such cells contain antigens that are not present in the maternal blood. HDFN is now the preferred term that replaces the historic term erythroblastosis fetalis. Sensitization of the mother to fetal-newborn red blood cells requires fetomaternal hemorrhage in most cases except in ABO incompatibility where naturally occurring antibodies against A and B antigens are present in mothers with O blood type. The most common antigen involved in HDFN is Rhesus D. Kell 1 HDFN is rare but commonly associated with severe anemia and lower titers of anti-Kell antibodies in maternal serum in severely affected infants. Prevention of Rhesus D HDFN with anti-D immunoglobulin during pregnancy, delivery, and fetal-maternal events that predispose to fetomaternal hemorrhage, have markedly decreased the incidence of the disorder but may not be available in low-income countries. An algorithm is available to manage affected pregnancies by using antibody titers, fetal middle cerebral artery velocities, intrauterine transfusions, and timed delivery. Infants who have mild to moderate anemia may tolerate normal labor, but severely affected infants may require transfusion or exchange transfusions at birth, and the delivery team needs to be prepared. Delayed anemia in the transfused infants is still a concern, and the infants need to be closely followed after delivery. Phototherapy has largely replaced exchange transfusion in the management of hyperbilirubinemia. With appropriate early detection and multidisciplinary planning, infants who have HDFN can be delivered in a timely manner with appropriate planning for postnatal resuscitation and postnatal therapy resulting in good neonatal outcomes.
Postnatal stimulation: the effects on cholinergic enzyme activity in undernourished rats.

SummaryRats were malnourished during the first 3 wk of life by feeding their lactating dams a low protein diet. Half of both control-fed and malnourished groups were “handled” daily during the suckling period. After 4 wk of postweaning dietary rehabilitation and individual caging they were killed and brain minus cerebellum taken for choline-acetyltransferase (ChAc) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) determination on neuronal-rich or glial-rich cell fractions. Early postnatal malnutrition resulted in a decrease in ChAc activity in the neuronal-rich cell fraction of the non-handled rats, but no change in ChAc activity of this cell fraction was observed from rats that had been handled. This finding parallels the prior observation that malnutrition induces behavioral changes that continue after nutritional rehabilitation, but these behavioral abnormalities are minimized or abolished by handling.
Atom-Probe Field-Ion Microscopes and High-Field Surface Effects

Atom-probe FIMs are micro-analytical devices of ultimate sensitivity by combining the single atom resolution of the field-ion microscope with the single particle detection of a mass spectrometer. The original ToF version may achieve a resolution ΔM/M of 1/200 and is thus adequate for routine metallurgical applications. The resolution is limited by an inadequate subnanosecond pulse front and can be improved tenfold in an energy deficit compensating ToF atom-probe. A magnetic sector also offers high resolution capability. New surface effects discovered by the atom-probe and affecting image interpretation in field-ion microscopy are the occurrence of up to fourfold charged metal ions as products of field evaporation, the field-induced adsorption of noble gases, and the formation of metal-helium molecular ions.
Flats in 3-manifolds

We prove that if a closed aspherical Riemannian 3-manifold M contains a 2-flat, then there exists a free abelian subgroup of rank two in π1(M). Under some restrictions on the topology of M we prove the existence of an immersed incompressible flat torus in M. This generalizes results which were previously known for manifolds of nonpositive curva- ture. R´ ESUM´ — Nous prouvons que si une variete riemannienne fermee de dimension trois M contient un 2-plat, alors il existe un sous-groupe abelien libre de rang 2 dans π1(M). Sous certaines restrictions sur la topologie de M, nous prouvons l'existence d'un tore plat incompressible dans M. Ceci generalise des resultats connus au prealable pour des varietes de courbure non positive.
Changing Epidemiological Characteristics of Hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province, China: Increased Susceptibility in Adults

Background Hepatitis A is a common acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Annually, it affects 1.4 million people worldwide. Between 1991 and 1994, HAV infections were highly endemic in Zhejiang Province (China), with 78,720 reported HAV infections per year. Hepatitis A vaccine came on the market in 1995 and was implemented for voluntary immunization. Since 2008, hepatitis A vaccine has been integrated into the national childhood routine immunization program.
A Competitive Flow Time Algorithm for Heterogeneous Clusters Under Polytope Constraints

Modern data centers consist of a large number of heterogeneous resources such as CPU, memory, network bandwidth, etc. The resources are pooled into clusters for various reasons such as scalability, resource consolidation, and privacy. Clusters are often heterogeneous so that they can better serve jobs with different characteristics submitted from clients. Each job benefits differently depending on how much resource is allocated to the job, which in turn translates to how quickly the job gets completed. In this paper, we formulate this setting, which we term Multi-Cluster Polytope Scheduling (MCPS). In MCPS, a set of n jobs arrive over time to be executed on m clusters. Each cluster i is associated with a polytope P_i, which constrains how fast one can process jobs assigned to the cluster. For MCPS, we seek to optimize the popular objective of minimizing average weighted flow time of jobs in the online setting. We give a constant competitive algorithm with small constant resource augmentation for a large class of polytopes, which capture many interesting problems that arise in practice. Further, our algorithm is non-clairvoyant. Our algorithm and analysis combine and generalize techniques developed in the recent results for the classical unrelated machines scheduling and the polytope scheduling problem [10,12,11].
Soil organic matter, greenhouse gases and net global warming potential of irrigated conventional, reduced-tillage and organic cropping systems

Reducing tillage intensity and diversifying crop rotations may improve the sustainability of irrigated cropping systems in semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to compare the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil organic matter, and net global warming potential (net GWP) of a sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)-corn (Zea mays L,) rotation under conventional (CT) and reduced-tillage (RT) and a corn-dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) rotation under organic (OR) management during the third and fourth years of 4-year crop rotations. The gas and soil samples were collected during April 2011–March 2013, and were analyzed for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, water-filled pore space (WFPS), soil nitrate (NO3 −–N) and ammonium (NH4 +–N) concentrations, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN), and net global warming potential (net GWP). Soils under RT had 26% lower CO2 emissions compared to 10.2 kg C ha−1 day−1 and 43% lower N2O emissions compared to 17.5 g N ha−1 day−1 in CT during cropping season 2011, and no difference in CO2 and N2O emissions during cropping season 2012. The OR emitted 31% less N2O, but 74% more CO2 than CT during crop season 2011. The RT had 34% higher SOC content than CT (17.9 Mg ha−1) while OR was comparable with CT. Net GWP was negative for RT and OR and positive for CT. The RT and OR can increase SOC sequestration, mitigate GWP and thereby support in the development of sustainable cropping systems in semiarid agroecosystems.
Minimally Invasive Surgery Should Be the Standard of Care for Paraesophageal Hernia Repair.

It is unclear if minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been universally embraced for paraesophageal hernia (PEH) repair. The aims of this study were: (a) to assess the national utilization of MIS for PEH repair and (b) to compare the perioperative outcomes between MIS and open procedures A retrospective population-based analysis was performed using the National Inpatient Sample for the period 2000–2013. Adult patients (≥18 years old) who underwent PEH repair were included. Linear and logistic regression, adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics, were used to assess the effect of minimally invasive surgery on patient outcomes A total of 63,812 patients were included. An abdominal approach was used in 60,087 (94.2%) patients and a thoracic approach in 3725 (5.8%) cases. Between 2000 and 2013, the rate of MIS significantly increased in abdominal and thoracic procedures. Patients undergoing MIS were less likely to experience postoperative infection, bleeding, cardiac failure, renal failure, respiratory failure, shock, and had a lower inpatient mortality. In addition, MIS significantly reduced the length of hospital stay and the overall cost. MIS is associated with significantly better perioperative outcomes and lower costs. These data strongly support the MIS approach as standard of care for PEH repair.
The Control of Water Loss in Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F : II. Water Loss through the Spiracles

1. The rate of total transpiratory water loss from Locusta is proportional to weight and is not affected by activity within the limits possible in an enclosed box. 2. A trend for proportionately less water to be lost at low humidity than at high humidity probably involves active measures to control water loss from the tracheal system. The saving of water is 5 mg./locust/hr. at 0° R.H., 30° C. 3. Experiments involving exposure of locusts to CO 2 of different concentrations show that little control over water loss is exerted by the spiracles except in so far as they may influence the type of ventilation. Hyperventilation, predominantly of the tidal type, doubles normal water loss. 4. Between 42 and 45° C. the ventilatory rate increases enormously with con-comitantly greater water loss. 5. Locusts pre-treated in dry air show a 23% reduction in abdominal ventilatory rate and a 25% reduction in water loss over locusts pre-treated in moist air. 6. Ventilatory movements of locusts under conditions of progressive desiccation show decreased rate and amplitude and an increased incidence of discontinuities, which will conserve water. 7. Ventilation and water loss are closely interdependent. The fact that ventilation can be controlled according to water reserves and the humidity of the air is important in water conservation.
Beyond Media Composition: Cell Plasma Membrane Disruptions by Graphene Oxide.

In their letter, Bussy and Kostarelos reproduced aspects of our recent in vitro study of graphene oxide (GO)-induced mammalian cell plasma membrane (PM) ruffling and shedding and performed additional tests on the effects of different culture media.1 GO-induced acute responses of NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells were less pronounced in their selected media than in two buffered salt solutions (balanced salt solution [BSS] and phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) commonly used in immunofluorescence and other cell studies in vitro.
Understanding Early Initiation of Sexual Intercourse in Adolescence

Longitudinal data were used to examine the relationship of psychosocial unconventionality—rejection of societal norms and a propensity to engage in nonconforming behavior—to early initiation of sexual intercourse in an urban sample of 1,330 White, Hispanic, and African-American male and female middle-school and high-school students. Measures of unconventionality were taken from the social-psychological framework of Problem Behavior Theory. Analysis of variance and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were used to test the linkage of these measures to earlier initiation of intercourse. The model fit the data well for White and Hispanic youths; greater prior unconventionality was associated longitudinally with earlier transition to nonvirginity. The model was less appropriate for African-American adolescents. Reasons for these group differences are discussed.
Price Based Land Use Policy and Development Density: Impacts on Urban Land Use

Property taxes and zoning restrictions are prevalent tools for managing urban land use. In this paper, we combine micro-level data on residential subdivision development from a three-county region in the Baltimore, Maryland metro from 1994-2007 with an IV competing risks model to examine how both policies influence the density and timing of residential development outcomes. Consistent with theory, we demonstrate that the impact of both policies on optimal density and timing depends on whether density and time are substitutes or complements in the profit function. Our results have important implications as they provide key empirical insights about how property taxes and zoning interact to influence development patterns within an urban landscape.
To Revive Delight: A Poet's Restaurant Reviews in Early 1990s Prague

In 1993, the Prague-based newspaper Lidove noviny (The People9s News) ran a short-lived restaurant review column, Basnik ma hlad (The Poet Is Hungry). The author was Petr Kral, a poet and essayist who had recently returned to Prague after two decades of exile in Paris. In this article, I contextualize Kral9s restaurant reviews within his oeuvre and in the history of Czech restaurant culture. The first half describes the evolution of restaurants in Czech culture and literature from the First Czechoslovak Republic through the communist period. The second half is devoted to close readings of Kral9s restaurant reviews. I find that they are consistent with the restorative nature of the Czech political and economic transition after communism. To Kral, the restaurant represents a microcosm of society. Thus, in the spirit of restoration and revitalization, he elevates the genre of restaurant reviews, infusing them with political urgency and a sense of poetry.
Using Data Mining for Citation Analysis.

This paper presents a new model for citation analysis, applying new methodological approaches in citation studies. These methods are demonstrated by an analysis of cited references from publications by the Geological Sciences faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder. The author made use of simple Python scripting, the Web of Science API, and OpenRefine to examine the most frequently cited journals and compare them to library holdings data to discover materials absent from the local collection. Of the more than 20,000 citations analyzed, 80 percent cited approximately 10 percent of all titles (412 journals). A notable finding was the heavy reliance of faculty members upon works between zero and two years of age. The streamlined model presented here removes the constraints of time and effort encountered by academic librarians interested in conducting citation analyses.
Surgeon Scientists Are Disproportionately Affected by Declining NIH Funding Rates.

Background Obtaining National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding over the last 10 years has become increasingly difficult due to a decrease in the number of research grants funded and an increase in the number of NIH applications. Study Design National Institutes of Health funding amounts and success rates were compared for all disciplines using data from NIH, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), and Blue Ridge Medical Institute. Next, all NIH grants (2006 to 2016) with surgeons as principal investigators were identified using the National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results (NIH RePORTER), and a grant impact score was calculated for each grant based on the publication's impact factor per funding amount. Linear regression and one-way ANOVA were used for analysis. Results The number of NIH grant applications has increased by 18.7% (p = 0.0009), while the numbers of funded grants (p Conclusions Despite declining funding over the last 10 years, surgeon scientists have demonstrated increasing productivity as measured by impactful publications and higher success rates in converting early investigator awards to R01s.
EVEREST II Case Study: Large Left Atrium

This case illustrates some of the challenges associated with performing the MitraClip procedure in a patient with a very large left atrium. These include modifying the usual landmarks used for selecting the ideal location for the transseptal puncture. In this case, the transseptal puncture was at the thick part of the septum, and required sequential balloon dilatations before the steerable guide would cross.
Preparation of the Sample

Unlike inorganic substances, carbon compounds cannot be identified by means of a sequence of “separation” reactions. Individual members of an homologous series, for example, could not be separated from each other for the purpose of identification by purely chemical reactions. Nevertheless, final identification of a substance is made, as pointed out before, by measurement of the physical constants of what is assumed to be a single, pure compound. It is obvious, therefore, that the first task of the analyst is to determine whether his test substance is (a) a pure substance, (b) a mixture with one major component and some minor impurities, or (c) a mixture of substances in other proportions. In the case of (b), subjecting the test substance to recrystallization, distillation, etc., usually suffices to free it of impurities. In the case of (c), however, all of the components are regarded as major and are to be separated, purified, and identified and both chemical and physical methods of separation can and should be employed.
PL approximations of homeomorphisms

Let [X, d] and [Y, d’] be metric spaces, and let f: X→Y and g: X→Y be mappings. Let e be a positive number. If for each P ∈ X, d’(f(P), g(P)) < e, then g is an e-approximation of f.
Measuring the Nutrient Metabolism of Adherent Cells in Culture

Metabolite extraction from cells cultured in vitro enables the comprehensive measurement of intracellular metabolites. These extracts can be analyzed using techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This chapter describes in detail a method for metabolite extraction from cultured adherent mammalian cells to collect both polar and nonpolar intracellular metabolites. This chapter also describes experimental design considerations for performing stable isotope labeling experiments, and the use of chemical derivatization to increase the number of compounds that can be detected using one chromatography method.
The application of decision support tools and the influence of local data in prioritizing barrier removal in lower Michigan, USA

Abstract Web-based decision support tools (DSTs) can be useful to facilitate decision-making processes for managing complex natural resource systems. However, the alignment of DSTs with the objectives in governmental policies or management plans and the influence of limited local data on the outputs of these tools may reduce the use of DSTs by decision makers. In this study, we examined the outcomes of web-based DSTs when different types of local data were incorporated and demonstrated a way to incorporate outputs from multiple DSTs or local inventories to benefit barrier removal decisions. Restoring habitat connectivity in rivers in northwest lower Michigan, USA, was used as a case study due to the abundance of local inventory data and web-based DSTs. We found that, when compared to prioritizations made using local data, some DSTs could produce similar outcomes (in barriers selected, cost, and the benefit for migratory fish) with limited data, but the trade-offs among users' objectives might influence the cost and effectiveness of DSTs' outputs. Improving the ability of DSTs to incorporate objectives consistent with policy and stakeholders' values (e.g., restore certain species or sedimentation control) across management scales can help close the gap between tool recommendations and management decisions while making the barrier removal prioritization process transparent and efficient.
DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM PERIODS FOR SAFE WORK FOLLOWING SPRAYING WITH ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES

Abstract The increased incidence of poisoning among people working with pesticide treated crops requires a new preventive approach - the establishment of a minimum period for safe work for each pesticide and crop. Observations have been carried out under actual work conditions over a period of 5-6 months. Appropriate regions and seasons of intensive pesticide application have been selected, such as planting and picking of tobacco as well as work in green houses. It was established that varying climatic conditions do not appreciably affect the dynamics of dissipation of the pesticides, dimethoate, thiometon (Intrathion), sayfos, pirimiphos-methyl (Acetelic), pirimicarb (Pyrimor) and propoxur (Unden). Substantial differences were found between residues on plant material on the first day following spraying, the residues ranged from 40-150 mg/kg, depending on the method of application; aerial, by plane or helicopter, or ground, by tractor. Thus it takes a varying number of days for the residues to reach a level which on contact does not produce a biological effect on the serum cholinesterase in pickers working in the treated area. As a result of these observations, minimum periods for safe work have been determined for a number of pesticides in tobacco fields and in greenhouses growing vegetables and flowers. The prospective importance of this approach is underlined and suggestions made for further improvements in methodology.
Methylglyoxal triggers human aortic endothelial cell dysfunction via modulation of the KATP/MAPK pathway.

Endothelial dysfunction is a key risk factor in diabetes-related multiorgan damage. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl generated primarily as a by-product of glycolysis, is increased...
KNN-Joins Using a Hybrid Approach: Exploiting CPU/GPU Workload Characteristics

K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) joins are used in many scientific domains for data analysis, and are building blocks of several well-known algorithms. KNN-joins find the KNN of all points in a dataset. However, KNN searches are computationally expensive, and many GPU KNN algorithms focus on the high-dimensional case that plainly gives a performance advantage to the GPU rather than the CPU. Consequently, in this work, we focus on a hybrid CPU/GPU approach for the low-dimensional KNN-join problem. In particular, we utilize a work queue that prioritizes computing data points in high density regions on the GPU, and low density regions on the CPU, thereby taking advantage of each architecture's relative strengths. Our approach, HybridKNN-Join, is shown to effectively augment a state-of-the-art multi-core CPU algorithm. We propose optimizations that (i) maximize GPU query throughput by assigning the GPU larger batches of work than the CPU; (ii) increase workload granularity to optimize GPU resource utilization; and, (iii) limit load imbalance between CPU and GPU architectures. Furthermore, the work queue utilized in our approach shows promise for the general purpose division of work for other hybrid CPU/GPU algorithms.
Observation of three magnetic states in spinel MnFe2O4 single crystals

Abstract Due to their unique structure that hosts geometric frustration, spinel oxides with magnetic ions in both the tetrahedral and octahedral environments undergo multiple spin rearrangement transitions. From the magnetization and thermal properties measurements of MnFe2O4, we have found three magnetic states occurring at TFI-1 = 575 K, TFI-2 = 50 K, and Tx = 15 K. Detailed analyses of the specific heat and thermal conductivity reveal a significant contribution from the low-temperature magnetic excitations. Especially, there is a large negative magneto-thermal conductivity with a maximum magnitude near TFI-2, which becomes positive below Tx. The possible origin of each magnetic state is discussed.
Syntacts: Open-Source Software and Hardware for Audio-Controlled Haptics

As vibrotactile feedback systems become increasingly commonplace, their application scenarios are becoming more complex. In this article, we present a method of vibrotactor control that accommodates emerging design requirements, namely large vibrotactor arrays that are capable of displaying complex waveforms. Our approach is based on control through digital audio interfaces. We describe a new open-source software and hardware package, Syntacts, that lowers the technical barrier to rendering vibrations with audio. We also present a tutorial on common control schemes with a discussion of their advantages and shortcomings. Our software is purpose-built to control arrays of vibrotactors with extremely low latency. In addition, Syntacts includes means to synthesize and sequence cues, and spatialize them on tactile arrays. The Syntacts Amplifier integrates with the audio hardware to provide high-quality analog signals to the tactors without adding excess noise to the system. Finally, we present results from a benchmarking study with Syntacts compared to commercially available systems.
Parameterized neural network training for the solution of a class of stiff initial value systems

As computational intelligence techniques become more popular in almost all scientific fields and applications nowadays, there exists an active research effort to engage them in the study of classical mathematical problems. Among these techniques, the neural networks (NN), apart from their use in classification problems, can be used to approximate the behaviour of functions and their derivatives. Towards this direction, NN solution of differential equations (DEs), in both theoretical and technical point of view, is an active scientific field for the last two decades. NN solutions for DEs, once trained, have low computational cost and can be very useful as parts of more complex algorithms where needed, as well. Among the various classes of DEs, the stiff initial value problems (IVP) reveal difficulties in their numerical treatment by classical methodologies, whereas NN solutions of stiff DEs do not seem to do so. Moreover, their continuous nature and ability to be trained to solve classes of problems makes them an interesting tool. In this study, we investigate the NN solution of Inhomogeneous Linear IVPs. We incorporate to the NN a parameter that influences problem’s stiffness and train the network for a range of this. Therefore, the trained NN solution can solve different problems than the one training for. In order to reveal the good generalization properties of the NNs solution regarding the stiffness parameter, we compare them to the solutions of standard Matlab stiff solvers. The proposed solutions perform very well, similarly and in many cases better to their competitors.
Implementation of an Adult ADHD Toolkit in Primary Care: A Prospective Cohort Survey.

Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood presents unique challenges for primary care providers, and many lack confidence addressing it. To support them, a workgroup of volunteer primary care and mental health providers created an Adult ADHD Toolkit containing information about the disorder and treatment advice. The objective of this study was to establish the impact of implementing the toolkit in primary care. Methods Providers completed a survey immediately before and 5 months after the toolkit was implemented. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Also, prescriptions for stimulant and nonstimulant adult ADHD medications were tracked 6 months before and 6 months after the toolkit was introduced. Results The response rate was 77.4% (n=24) at baseline and 64.5% (n=20) at follow-up. At follow-up compared to baseline, participants reported significantly higher comfort for assessment of adult ADHD (P=.039). Participants also reported higher comfort for nonmedication management (P=.10). There was no difference for comfort with medication management or prescribing practices pre versus post toolkit rollout, although participants were more comfortable with and prescribed a greater number of stimulants than nonstimulants. Conclusions Given the complexities of addressing adult ADHD, the results of this study are encouraging. Our findings highlight ways primary care providers can be supported, as well as areas that require greater attention. Still, more research is needed with a larger sample size to further explore and validate the efficacy of the toolkit.
An Ecosystem Services Approach to Cultural Resource Protection

Cultural values reflect the ecosystems in which they develop. Various cultures across the globe have developed unique and interactive relationships with their surrounding environments, providing human societies with important cultural and resource connections. The depletion of natural resources and the disregard of the way ecosystems function present challenges for these connections. Of course, Congress has adopted laws intended to protect cultural resources, but such laws have failed to effectively navigate the competing interests in natural resources use and have undermined the integrity of specific places, ecosystems, and peoples. In large part, such failures are caused by design, prioritizing the use of natural resources and ignoring the role that the natural environment plays in forming cultural values. The protection of cultural resources would benefit from an effective regulatory framework that demands consideration of non-market values provided by ecosystems. This Article offers an ecosystem services approach that focuses on the cultural benefits humans reap from functioning ecosystems. This approach goes beyond the market valuation of natural resources and recognizes that ecosystems provide valuable cultural benefits when left in place. Adopting a cultural ecosystem services approach to natural resources management will help understand where and how ecosystems provide cultural benefits and identify to whom they provide a benefit. Adoption, in turn, would produce a planning approach that demands a richer understanding of the flow of ecosystem services to ensure that the risks to, and trade-offs of, valuable cultural.
Designing Highly Active High Current Density HER Electrocatalysts: Synergistic Effects of Mo and W in α-Mo x W 1-X B 2 with Graphene-Like Boron Layers

Transition metal borides belong to a small class of non-noble-metal electrocatalysts which exhibit excellent activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) already in bulk form, especially those containing the graphene-like (flat) boron layer such as α-MoB2 are particularly promising. In this study, we show that tungsten, whose diboride (β-WB2) contains the less active puckered (phosphorene-like) boron layer, can be successfully substituted (up to 30%) for molybdenum in α-MoB2. The resulting α-MoxW1-xB2 exhibits far better HER activity and stability than α-MoB2. Furthermore, α-MoxW1-xB2 performs particularly well at high current density, outperforming even bulk platinum above 70 and 125 mA/cm2 in basic and acidic electrolytes, respectively. This result should pave the way for high current density, abundant and inexpensive bulk and nanoscale HER catalysts.
Outcomes of Youth Treated With Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in children and adolescents is based on a limited evidence base in the medical literature. We report outcomes of a cohort of youth treated with ECT at a single US academic medical center. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review and analysis of all patients aged 18 years and younger who received ECT at the University of Utah from 1985 through 2016. For each patient record, 3 short-term clinical outcomes were assessed: response on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale, number of treatments administered, and reported side effects. Baseline characteristics were tested as predictors of clinical outcomes. Results One hundred seven youth (aged 10-18 years, 46% female) received ECT for a mood disorder, psychotic disorder, catatonia, or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The most common diagnoses (DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5) were major depressive disorder (76 patients) and bipolar disorder (23 patients). The rate of response (much improved or very much improved) for the entire cohort was 77%. The mean number of treatments administered was 10.5. The most commonly reported side effects were headache (75%) and memory problems (65%). One patient experienced tardive seizures. There were no deaths or serious injuries. Clinical response was not predicted by age, sex, or clinical features (all P > .05). Conclusions These data suggest that ECT is a safe and effective treatment for children and adolescents with certain severe psychiatric illnesses. ECT outcomes and side effects were similar to those reported in adults, particularly for patients aged 15-18 years, for whom there are the most data.
Risk Factors for Acute Urticaria in Central California

At least 15-20% of the population in the world suffers from urticaria. Allergy triggers contribute to the development of urticaria. Not much is known about the demographic and environmental risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of acute urticaria. Methods: We utilized emergency department data on acute urticaria-related visits managed by the California Office of Statewide Planning and Operations for 201 zip codes located in southern central California (San Joaquin Valley) collected during the years 2016 and 2017. Census data from the same zip codes were considered as a population at risk. Socioeconomic and environmental parameters using CalEnviroScreen (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Sacramento, CA, USA) database for the zip codes were evaluated as risk factors. Results: The incidence rate of acute urticaria in San Joaquin Valley during 2016-2017 was 1.56/1000 persons (n = 14,417 cases). Multivariate Poisson analysis revealed that zip codes with high population density (RR = 2.81), high percentage of farm workers (RR = 1.49), and the composite of those with high and medium percentage of poverty and those with high and medium percentage of non-white residents (RR = 1.59) increased the likelihood of the occurrence of acute urticaria. Conclusion: High population density, farm work, poverty and minority status is associated with a high risk of having acute urticaria.
Deep anomaly detection of seizures with paired stereoelectroencephalography and video recordings.

Real-time seizure detection is a resource intensive process as it requires continuous monitoring of patients on stereoelectroencephalography. This study improves real-time seizure detection in drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients by developing patient-specific deep learning models that utilize a novel self-supervised dynamic thresholding approach. Deep neural networks were constructed on over 2000 h of high-resolution, multichannel SEEG and video recordings from 14 DRE patients. Consensus labels from a panel of epileptologists were used to evaluate model efficacy. Self-supervised dynamic thresholding exhibited improvements in positive predictive value (PPV; difference: 39.0%; 95% CI 4.5–73.5%; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test; N = 14; p = 0.03) with similar sensitivity (difference: 14.3%; 95% CI − 21.7 to 50.3%; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test; N = 14; p = 0.42) compared to static thresholds. In some models, training on as little as 10 min of SEEG data yielded robust detection. Cross-testing experiments reduced PPV (difference: 56.5%; 95% CI 25.8–87.3%; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test; N = 14; p = 0.002), while multimodal detection significantly improved sensitivity (difference: 25.0%; 95% CI 0.2–49.9%; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test; N = 14; p < 0.05). Self-supervised dynamic thresholding improved the efficacy of real-time seizure predictions. Multimodal models demonstrated potential to improve detection. These findings are promising for future deployment in epilepsy monitoring units to enable real-time seizure detection without annotated data and only minimal training time in individual patients.
Abstract P138: Diet Quality Improvements In Response To Evening Snacks That Differ By Carbohydrate And Fat Composition: A 6-week, Randomized, Crossover Trial In Participants With Impaired Fasting Glucose

Objectives: To examine the effect of consuming one ounce of peanuts (PNUT) as an evening snack on diet quality compared to an isocaloric lower fat higher carbohydrate snack (LFHC), in individuals w...
Cell Lineage-Based Glioblastoma Stratification in Mice Reveals Functional Alignment with Patient Derived Models

Glioblastoma, the predominant adult malignant brain tumor, is subject to a limited number of driver mutations and has been computationally classified into subtypes whose functional relevance remains to be established. We have previously reported genetically engineered glioblastoma mouse models initiated by identical driver mutations in two distinct cells of origin: adult subventricular zone neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte lineage progenitors. These biologically and functionally separable tumors portray unique transcriptional profiles reflective of their respective lineage. Here, we identify corresponding transcriptional profiles among human glioblastoma data sets and describe patient derived xenografts with parallel features including species-conserved subtype-discriminating functional properties. Both mouse and human oligodendrocyte lineage associated glioblastoma subtypes exhibit functional ErbB3 receptor requirement and unique shared therapeutic sensitivities. We thus provide a biological lineage-based classification for glioblastoma. Significance: Glioblastoma has no effective treatment. Elucidation of biological and functional stratification may, as demonstrated here, reveal therapeutic sensibilities that are masked in the absence of subtype stratification.
Intellectual Property Arbitrage: How Foreign Rules Can Affect Domestic Protections

The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), concluded in 1994, has narrowed the range of issues on which nations can adopt differing IP rules. All World Trade Organization (WTO) member nations, for example, must now protect computer programs by copyright law.' Yet TRIPS plainly contemplates continued differences in national laws by signaling that nations are free to adopt higher-protection rules than the required minima' (which presumably means they need not do so). Nations are also "free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal system and practice."' TRIPS restricts national autonomy by forbidding nations from treating foreigners less well than their own nationals,4 but this implicitly "accept[s] the proposition that states may differ in their substantive laws."5 Other TRIPS provisions recognize that member states can adopt IP rules "in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare" and "to promote
Transactions as the foundation of a memory consistency model

We argue that traditional synchronization objects, such as locks, conditions, and atomic/volatile variables, should be defined in terms of transactions, rather than the other way around. A traditional critical section, in particular, is a region of code, bracketed by transactions, in which certain data have been privatized. We base our memory model on the notion of strict serializability (SS), and show that selective relaxation of the relationship between program order and transaction order can allow the implementation of transaction-based locks to be as efficient as conventional locks. We also show that condition synchronization can be accommodated without explicit mention of speculation, opacity, or aborted transactions. Finally, we compare SS to the notion of strong isolation (SI), arguing that SI is neither sufficient for transactional sequential consistency (TSC) nor necessary in programs that are transactional data-race free (TDRF).