cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the persistence of eosinophilia, and on immune reactions in human trichinosis, several years after recovery.

Following a brief historical introduction, the results of differential counts, precipitin tests and skin reactions on seven cases of trichinosis 4–9 years after recovery are presented. Eosinophile counts ranging from 2 to 7 per cent. were encountered, but the number of cases studied does not warrant any conclusion being drawn. Positive precipitin tests and intradermal reactions were encountered in cases up to 7 years after infection. The findings are discussed, together with a consideration of the pertinent literature, and the importance of the skin reaction and precipitin tests as aids to diagnosis are emphasised in conjunction with due consideration of the history and symptomatology. It is affirmed that the tests have proved of value in establishing a diagnosis in mild cases. It is a pleasure to acknowledge our indebtedness to Dr George R. Minot, who made the records of the hospital available to us, and to Dr W. D. Sutliff, whose continued interest and ready co-operation greatly facilitated our work.
Triplet ground state (S= 1) pegylated bis(aminoxyl) diradical: synthesis and the effect of water on magnetic properties.

The synthesis and magnetic characterization of pegylated bis(aminoxyl) diradical with an S = 1 ground state are presented, revealing water-induced changes in the molecular conformation and magnetic properties.
GTPase Activity, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Filaments Assembled from Bacterial Cytoskeleton Protein MreB

MreB, a major component of the recently discovered bacterial cytoskeleton, displays a structure homologous to its eukaryotic counterpart actin. Here, we study the assembly and mechanical properties of Thermotoga maritima MreB in the presence of different nucleotides in vitro. We found that GTP, not ADP or GDP, can mediate MreB assembly into filamentous structures as effectively as ATP. Upon MreB assembly, both GTP and ATP release the gamma phosphate at similar rates. Therefore, MreB is an equally effective ATPase and GTPase. Electron microscopy and quantitative rheology suggest that the morphologies and micromechanical properties of filamentous ATP-MreB and GTP-MreB are similar. In contrast, mammalian actin assembly is favored in the presence of ATP over GTP. These results indicate that, despite high structural homology of their monomers, T. maritima MreB and actin filaments display different assembly, morphology, micromechanics, and nucleotide-binding specificity. Furthermore, the biophysical properties of T. maritima MreB filaments, including high rigidity and propensity to form bundles, suggest a mechanism by which MreB helical structure may be involved in imposing a cylindrical architecture on rod-shaped bacterial cells.
Efficacy of Prostate Stabilizing Techniques during Brachytherapy Procedure

During the prostate brachytherapy procedure, multiple needles are inserted into the prostate and radioactive seeds are deposited. Stabilizing needles are first inserted to provide some rigidity and support to the prostate, ideally this will provide better seed placement and an overall improved treatment. However, there is much speculation regarding the effectiveness of using regular brachytherapy needles as stabilizers. In this study, we explored the efficacy of (1) two types of needles - 18 gauge brachytherapy needle vs. 18 gauge hooked needle; and (2) parallel vs. angulated needle configurations to stabilize the prostate. Prostate phantom movement and needle insertion progression were imaged using ultrasound (US). The recorded images were analyzed and prostate displacement was computed from images using implanted artifacts. Experimentation allowed us to further understand the mechanics behind prostate stabilization. We observed superior stabilization by the hooked needles compared to the regular brachytherapy needles (more than 40% for parallel stabilization). Prostate movement was also reduced significantly when regular brachytherapy needles were in an angulated configuration as compared to the parallel configuration (approximately 40%). When the hooked needles were angled for stabilization, further improvement in decreased displacement was observed. In general, for convenience of dosimetric planning, all needles are desired to be in parallel and in this case, hooked needles are better suited to improve stabilization of the prostate. On the other hand, both regular and hooked needles appear to be equally effective in reducing prostate movement when they are in angulated configurations, which will be useful in robotic permanent seed implantation (PSI).
Decoding the (23,12,7) Golay code using bit-error probability estimates

The (23,12,7) Golay code is a perfect linear error-correcting code that can correct all patterns of three or fewer errors in 23 bit positions. A simple BCH decoding algorithm, given in E. Berlekamp (1968), can decode the (23,12,7) Golay code provided there are no more than two errors. The shift-search algorithm, developed by Reed et a. (1990), sequentially inverts the information bits until the third error is canceled. It then utilizes the BCH decoding algorithm to correct the remaining two errors. In this paper a simplified decoding algorithm, called the reliability-search algorithm, is proposed. This algorithm uses bit-error probability estimates to cancel the third error and then uses the BCH decoding algorithm to correct the remaining two errors. Simulation results show that this new algorithm significantly reduces the decoding complexity for correcting the third error while maintaining the same BER performance.
Time Dependence of Scintillations and the Effect on Pulse-Shape Discrimination

The time dependence of the light following excitation by gamma rays and neutrons was measured for stilbene and for the liquids NE-213, NE-213M, and NE-218.? In addition, the number of photoelectrons produced at the cathode of an RCA-8575 photomultiplier per keV energy loss in the scintillator has been determined for each of these scintillators. A straightforward technique for pulse-shape discrimination is described; it consists in measuring the time difference between the start and the instant at which the integrated photomultiplier pulse reaches a specified fraction of its final amplitude. From the measured scintillation decay, the probability distribution of these rise times has been calculated for different fractions and for different photon and neutron energies on the assumption of Poisson statistics. These calculated distributions are in agreement with the experimental results obtained with the above-mentioned technique. The pulse-shape discriminating system is very stable and will accept 80% of the neutrons at 350 keV and only approximately 1% of the gamma rays producing scintillations with equal integrated light.
A framework for reusability using graph-based models

A framework for developing and managing reusable simulation components using graph-based models (GBMs) is presented. Graph-based models can be defined as those models in which communications between submodel components are represented with a directed graph. A system architecture which readily supports this approach is presented, and an example application domain is outlined. The potential application domains for GBM are wide-spread. By allowing the modeler to define a reusable library containing behavioral characteristics of model components, this system has a much greater level of flexibility than similar commercial packages which provide the modeler with a standard set of components that are tailorable at best. >
An almost communication-less approach to task allocation for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In this paper, we present a scalable, decentralized task allocation algorithm for a group of unknown number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are equipped with GPS receivers, synchronized clocks and radars with a finite, but known operating distance to identify neighbors. The algorithm assigns subgroups of UAVs, whose initial positions are randomly scattered in a bounded space, to a finite set of independent tasks. The key features of the proposed algorithm are: (1) the algorithm does not require any communication between the UAVs; (2) the task allocation is achieved in finite time. The analysis and results in the simplified 2D simulation environment respectively prove and verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm.
DOES THE CREATIVE ENGINE RUN? A CONSIDERATION OF THE EFFECT OF CREATIVE CLASS ON ECONOMIC STRENGTH AND GROWTH

Florida’s book, The Rise of the Creative Class, ranks 276 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) according to a creativity index. This article explores whether the creativity index or its subco...
DEVELOPMENT OF A FULL-SCALE-LAB-VALIDATED DYNAMIC SIMULINK © MODEL FOR A STAND-ALONE WIND-POWERED MICROGRID

Isolated hybrid wind microgrids operate within three distinct modes, depending on the wind resources and the consumer grid demand: diesel-only (DO), wind-diesel (WD) and windonly (WO). Few successful systems have been shown to consistently and smoothly transition between wind-diesel and wind-only modes. The University of Alaska – Fairbanks Alaska Center for Energy and Power (ACEP) has constructed a full scale test bed of such a system in order to evaluate technologies that facilitate this transition. The test bed is similar in design to the NREL Power Systems Integration Laboratory (PSIL) and sized to represent a typical off-grid community. The objective of the present work is to model the ACEP test bed in DO and WD modes using MATLAB™ SIMULINK © and then validate the model with actual fullscale laboratory measurements. As will be shown, the frequency responses are grouped into three classifications based on their behavior. The model is shown to be successful in describing the frequency response of relatively small (0.15 per unit) steps in load. Modifications to the excitation system model are discussed which could improve the accuracy for larger steps in load. The ACEP test bed and associated SIMULINK © model are to be used in future work to support investigating WO operation.
High-Density Cascade Effects in Ion-Implanted Ag-Au Alloy

High-purity, polycrystalline foils of 12 atomic percent gold Ag-Au alloy were implanted with polyatomic ions of arsenic and antimony at energies of 45 keV per atom. During fluence intervals before and after the steady state, sputtered material was collected on high-purity strips of aluminum foil. Subsequent backscattering analysis of the targets and collectors showed that significant redistribution and segregation occurred in the implanted layer, with relative depletion of silver consistently observed. The results suggested that preferentiality in sputtering is dependent on composition of an alloy and the ion beam used (even at low fluence), but there appears to be no major difference between the redistribution behavior of targets sputtered with atomic ions and equal-velocity molecular ions. A model is presented which predicts the sputtering behavior and surface configuration of a binary alloy implanted to steady state with a third species.
E-healthcare strategies and implementation

Due to changes in government policy, severe competition and advancement in information technology, the healthcare industry is unstable, highly agitated and very competitive. These market conditions encourage healthcare providers to maximise efficiency by cutting costs, improving decision making processes and increasing the quality of patient care through information technology. The healthcare sector lags behind several other industries in terms of use and implementation of information technology. In order for healthcare organisations to gain and maintain a competitive advantage, it is important for their management to understand the trends and innovations in information systems as they relate to the healthcare industry. This paper describes various decision support systems, internet applications and e-business possibilities for healthcare organisations and presents a future vision of e-healthcare.
Two-Dimensional Cure Simulation of Thick Thermosetting Composites

An investigation into the two-dimensional cure simulation of thick thermosetting composites is presented. Temperature and degree of cure distributions within arbitrary cross-sectional geometries are predicted as a function of the autoclave temperature history. The heat conduction equation for two-dimensional, transient anisotropic heat transfer is coupled to the cure kinetics of the thermosetting composite material. A heat generation term, expressed as a function of cure rate and the total heat of reaction, is introduced to account for the heat liberated during the curing process. A generalized boundary condition formulation is employed, enabling arbitrary temperature boundary conditions to be enforced straightforwardly. An incremental, transient finite difference solution scheme is implemented to solve the pertinent governing equations and boundary conditions. The boundary-fitted coordinate system (BFCS) transformation technique is combined with the Alternating Direction Explicit (ADE) finite difference ...
Isolation and properties of psychrotrophic and psychrophilic, pectolytic strains of Clostridium

Fourteen strains of pectolytic clostridia have been isolated that were capable of growth at 5–10°C in 7 d; two strains were psychrophiles and failed to grow at 20°C in 14 d and the remainder were psychrotrophs. The bacteria formed pectate lyase enzymes and were capable of degrading potato tissue; they are therefore a potential cause of soft rot of potatoes stored at low temperatures. Doubling times for representative strains were 15–19 h at 10°C and 21–53 h at 5°C. Twelve strains were classified with Group I Clostridium species and two strains with Group II. In the case of one strain the mature spores were not released from the sporangium. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of this strain showed the presence of disorganized lamellar structures associated with the spore coat.
Disappearance of Biologic Activity of Synthetic LRH in Normal and Hypogonadal Men

The disappearance rates of the biologic activity of synthetic LRH have been measured in normal and hypogonadal men before and during estrogen treatment. Biologic activity was assayed by the change in radioimmunoassayable rat LH levels induced by injection of human plasma into ovariectomized rats preheated with estrogen and progesterone, and compared with a dose-response curve using synthetic LRH. Following rapid iv injection of 100 micrograms synthetic LRH, peripheral blood peak levels of biologic activity occurred in <2–6 minutes, and the disappearance curve contained 2 exponential components. In 3 normal men the initial component had a t½ of 2 minutes and the second component a t½ of 10 minutes. Six hypogonadal men had first and second components of disappearance no different from normals whether or not they responded to LRH injection with increased endogenous hLH. While diethylstilbestrol 2 mg orally for 7 days suppressed pituitary hLH response to exogenous synthetic LRH (mean max. ΔhLH 236vs 46 ng/ml)...
Heresies of the Heart and the Problem of the Other: A Psychoanalytic and Theological Perspective

In this article, I unmoor the concept of heresy from its religious, technical roots, using the metaphor heresies of the heart to depict the psychological and theological dynamics of the human proclivity to rely on the idea of Truth to alienate, depersonalize, and coerce other human beings. Using the concepts of the personal mode of existence and emotional intelligence, I define heresies of the heart as comprising (a) those emotional attitudes that involve the transformation of insecurity and anxiety into hostility and hatred toward the Other, (b) recognition and treatment of the Other as less than a person, and (c) unquestionable beliefs regarding one’s truth and the certainty of one’s innocence. Theologically, heresies of the heart signify the presence of idolatry, which is a type of bad faith that involves the use of a contingent object to contain anxiety by transforming it into hostility toward the Other.
Autolysis and Secondary Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Submerged Culture

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been found to exhibit autolysis and spontaneous secondary growth in modified Sauton medium. The phenomenon is a function of high glycerol concentration of the medium and limitation of air in test tubes. It is not a function of depletion of nutrients and is probably not a manifestation of lysogeny or spheroplast formation. The cycle of growth, autolysis, and secondary growth is related to development of lethal conditions during a period of severe oxygen limitation followed by a metabolic change associated with slower depletion of glycerol.
Copper Release, Speciation, and Toxicity Following Multiple Floodings of Copper Enriched Agriculture Soils: Implications in Everglades Restoration

This study characterizes the effects of water–soil flooding volume ratio and flooding time on copper (Cu) desorption and toxicity following multiple floodings of field-collected soils from agricultural sites acquired under the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) in south Florida. Soils from four field sites were flooded with three water–soil ratios (2, 4, and 6 [water] to 1 [soil]) and held for 14 days to characterize the effects of volume ratio and flooding duration on Cu desorption (volume ratio and flooding duration study). Desorption of Cu was also characterized by flooding soils four times from seven field sites with a volume ratio of 2 (water) to 1 (soil) (multiple flooding study). Acute toxicity tests were also conducted using overlying waters from the first flooding event to characterize the effects of Cu on the survival of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), cladocerans (Daphnia magna), amphipods (Hyalella azteca), midges (Chironomus tentans), duckweed (Lemna minor), and Florida apple snails (Pomacea paludosa). Acute tests were also conducted with D. magna exposed to overlying water from the second and third flooding events. Results indicate that dissolved Cu concentrations in overlying water increased with flooding duration and decreased with volume ratio. In the multiple flooding study, initial Cu concentrations in soils ranged from 5 to 223 mg/kg (dw) and were similar to Cu concentration after four flooding events, indicating retention of Cu in soils. Copper desorption was dependent on soil Cu content and soil characteristics. Total Cu concentration in overlying water (Cuw) was a function of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), alkalinity, and soil Cu concentration (Cus): log(Cuw) = 1.2909 + 0.0279 (DOC) + 0.0026 (Cus) − 0.0038 (alkalinity). The model was validated and highly predictive. Most of the desorbed Cu in the water column complexed with organic matter in the soils and accounted for 99% of the total dissolved Cu. Although total dissolved Cu concentrations in overlying water did not significantly decrease with number of flooding events, concentrations of free Cu2+ increased with the number of flooding events, due to a decrease in DOC concentrations. The fraction of bioavailable Cu species (Cu2+, CuOH+, CuCO3) was also less than 1% of the total Cu. Overlying water from the first flooding event was only acutely toxic to the Florida apple snail from one site. However, overlying water from the third flooding of six out of seven soils was acutely toxic to D. magna. The decrease in DOC concentrations and increase in bioavailable Cu2+ species may explain the changes in acute toxicity to D. magna. Results of this study reveal potential for high Cu bioavailability (Cu2+) and toxicity to aquatic biota overtime in inundated agricultural lands acquired under the CERP.
El itinerario laboral de los inmigrantes en España, de la irregularidad a la integración

The illegal immigrant population is essentially characterized by its great vulnerability with respect to human and labor rights. The normative with respect to the rights and freedom of foreigners in Spain according to the LO 4/2000 makes incorporation into the labor market the main prerequisite for residency permits. For this reason we attach great importance to knowing the obstacles encountered by immigrants making their way towards integration into the labor market, to thus promote it and open up the possibility for immigrants to have a legal status equivalent to that of the native population as far as human rights are concerned. This paper reviews some of the main obstacles for labor integration identiﬁed in this document, and will supplement this with the views of some immigrants living in Spain.
Endosalpingiosis of Axillary Lymph Nodes: A Rare Histopathologic Pitfall with Clinical Relevance for Breast Cancer Staging

Establishment of accurate axillary lymph node status is of essential importance in determining both prognosis and the potential need for adjuvant therapy in patients with invasive breast cancer. Axillary lymph node heterotopias can in some cases result in overdiagnosis of metastatic disease. Nodal endosalpingiosis is perhaps the least commonly reported type of axially lymph node heterotopia. We herein illustrate a case in which second opinion pathologic interpretation combined with ancillary immunohistochemical studies allowed for a specific diagnosis of axillary nodal mullerian-type inclusions, confirming ypN0 staging and resulting in appropriate disease management and prognostication.
Valuing Intellectual Property

This chapter focuses on the valuation of IP, and covers four main themes. First, it shows how people from different backgrounds can perceive value very differently. Second — the most important theme of this chapter — is the evaluation of the market, cost and income approaches, the three most frequently used and widely accepted valuation methods — for measuring IP assets. Third, some less frequently used methods are outlined. Finally, the significance of valuation is discussed to examine how IP valuation can serve different purposes in business.
Parafoveal retinal cone mosaic imaging in children with ultra-compact switchable SLO/OCT handheld probe(Conference Presentation)

In vivo photoreceptor imaging has enhanced the way vision scientists and ophthalmologists understand the retinal structure, function, and etiology of numerous retinal pathologies. However, the complexity and large footprint of current systems capable of resolving photoreceptors has limited imaging to patients who are able to sit in an upright position and fixate for several minutes. Unfortunately, this excludes an important fraction of patients including bedridden patients, small children, and infants. Here, we show that our dual-modality, high-resolution handheld probe with a weight of only 94 g is capable of visualizing photoreceptors in supine children. Our device utilizes a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner and a novel telescope design to achieve over an order of magnitude reduction in size compared to similar systems. The probe has a 7° field of view and a lateral resolution of 8 µm. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) system has an axial resolution of 7 µm and a sensitivity of 101 dB. High definition scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and OCT images were acquired from children ranging from 14 months to 12 years of age with and without pathology during examination under anesthesia in the operating room. Parafoveal cone imaging was shown using the SLO arm of this device without adaptive optics using a 3° FOV for the first time in children under 4 years old. This work lays the foundation for pediatric research, which will improve understanding of retinal development, maldevelopment and early onset of diseases at the cellular level during the beginning stages of human growth.
The in vitro effects of Salmonella enteriditis on urinary stone formation.

AbstractSalmonella enteriditis has been previously found to have both unique inhibiting and augmenting properties on urinary stone formation. A series of in vitro experiments were performed in order to determine if the in vivo results could be explained in an in vitro model. Urinary phosphorus was measured before and after incubation with various bacteria, and was found to increase significantly when incubated with S. enteriditis (p <0.05). Urinary citrate was measured in a similar fashion following incubation with S. enteriditis and E. coli. A statistically significant decrease in urinary citrate was found in urine incubated with S. enteriditis (p <0.005).Based on the results of these experiments the increase in urinary phosphorus may have contributed to the inhibiting foreign body stone formation in a previous in vivo model. The decrease in urinary citrate could explain the augmentation of calcium phosphate stone formation previously reported.
Development of a three dimensional, lattice-free multiscale model of the mammary terminal end bud

The terminal end bud (TEB) is a bulbous structure composed of highly proliferative cells that is responsible for mammary gland development during the pubertal stage. This is a highly organized process, involving cellular differentiation hierarchies regulated by endocrine and paracrine signaling. Here, we present development of a lattice-free, three dimensional multiscale agent based model of the TEB to study the effects of cellular phenotypic hierarchies, endocrine and paracrine signaling, and proliferation demographics on pubertal mammary gland development. Cells in the TEB experience complex physical interaction during the active growth involved in pubertal ductal elongation, which we represent mathematically based on the physical forces involved in cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions. We observe that maximum ductal elongation rates are achievable due to each progenitive phenotype cell only undergoing a couple proliferation cycles before losing the progenitive capability, and that molecular signaling is necessary to restrict ductal elongation to biologically relevant rates. Cellular proliferation and growth is sufficient to achieve these elongation rates in the absence of other cellular behaviors such as migration or conformational changes. This model serves as a valuable tool to gain insights into the cell population dynamics of mammary gland development, and can serve as a foundation to study the early stages of breast cancer development based on endocrine-mediated phenotypic population shifts.
Reconstructing building interiors from images

This paper proposes a fully automated 3D reconstruction and visualization system for architectural scenes (interiors and exteriors). The reconstruction of indoor environments from photographs is particularly challenging due to texture-poor planar surfaces such as uniformly-painted walls. Our system first uses structure-from-motion, multi-view stereo, and a stereo algorithm specifically designed for Manhattan-world scenes (scenes consisting predominantly of piece-wise planar surfaces with dominant directions) to calibrate the cameras and to recover initial 3D geometry in the form of oriented points and depth maps. Next, the initial geometry is fused into a 3D model with a novel depth-map integration algorithm that, again, makes use of Manhattan-world assumptions and produces simplified 3D models. Finally, the system enables the exploration of reconstructed environments with an interactive, image-based 3D viewer. We demonstrate results on several challenging datasets, including a 3D reconstruction and image-based walk-through of an entire floor of a house, the first result of this kind from an automated computer vision system.
Stretching effect on textile antenna for spacesuit

Textile and flexible antennas are prone to stretch. This is especially important in spacesuit applications where the suit is pressurized. In this paper we propose a monopole textile antenna placed on a flexible electromagnetic band gap (EBG) ground that is made on flexible substrate. The antenna is designed for on-body communication system of spacesuit. The system is designed for 5.8 GHz band. In normal condition the antenna gain with the EBG structure at 5.8 GHz is 7.02dBi. Simulation results are shown for the antenna under stretching individually and when it is integrated with the EBG.
From Red to Gold: The Rise of IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits to a High-Impact Journal

The first issue of IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits (JSSC), called the "red rag" by some old timers, was published when I was five years old. Today's JSSC readers would have been roughly -30 to +30 years old at the time. The journal is not among the oldest publications in the IEEE or worldwide, but it enjoys one of the highest impact factors. Why? In this article, I ponder this question and demonstrate the longevity of the JSSC papers through some examples. In the interest of space, I have selected papers only from the first ten years, focusing on ideas that are still applicable today.
Effect of dielectric interfaces on second-harmonic generation in integrated GaN resonators

We investigate the influence of second-harmonic generation efficiency through choice of dielectric cladding for a GaN integrated ring resonator. Our devices suggest cladding can enhance or inhibit intrinsic nonlinearities through electric field induced second harmonic (EFISH) contribution.
Creativity in Teaching Case Conceptualization Skills: Role-play to Show the Interconnectedness of Domains

ABSTRACTCase conceptualization is an important skill for counselors to master in order to meet treatment needs of clients. Some students struggle while learning this skill, as it requires advanced cognitive complexity, reflection skills, and affective awareness. Further, it is difficult for developing counselors to understand the interconnectedness of clients’ presenting problems, history, and strengths to form a holistic case conceptualization. The authors of this article describe a role-play for teaching the complexity of case conceptualization, in which students role-play various perspectives of psychosocial information and process the experience to create a holistic conceptualization. Activity steps are outlined with examples, and process questions to facilitate classroom discussion are included. Suggestions for implementation are also provided.
Trust and ethical data handling in the healthcare context

Current practices for regulating the processing of personal data are oriented principally towards notions of governance, risk management, and regulatory compliance - based on data protection laws that have, in some jurisdictions, been in place for decades. Despite this framework, individuals are likely to encounter uses of their personal data which, while legal, may appear to lack fairness or legitimacy. Such uses may lead us to conclude that third parties are failing to take due account of our wishes and preferences. An organisation’s handling of personal data might fall short of our expectations in a number of ways, such as through over collection, insufficient care, unexpected or unwelcome use, or excessive sharing. For data controllers, greater focus on ethics (beyond legal compliance), might align them more closely with the expectations of their users and customers. Ethics has been core to the practice of medicine at least since the formulation of the Hippocratic oath [1], but the digital era introduces new risks which require ethical responses. Guidance for data controllers should be based on a clear understanding of digital privacy and its complexities, so that abstract notions of trust and ethics can be transformed into applicable principles and practical measures, while reflecting the diverse stakeholder motivations and interests. This article explores the trust-related factors and challenges that arise from the digital and online processing of personal data, particularly in the context of healthcare. The article proposes ethical principles, and approaches and resources for putting those principles into practice.
Steady State vs. Pulsatile Blood Pressure Component and Regional Cerebral Perfusion.

Background Arterial blood pressure (BP) can be divided into steady state component that is determined by mean arterial pressure and pulsatile component that is explored by pulse pressure (PP). We determined relationships between BP components and regional cerebral perfusion. Methods A total of 52 apparently healthy and cognitively normal adults aged 40-60 years were studied. Regional cerebral perfusion was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling technique in 10 a priori regions of interest. Results There were 5 regions with cerebral perfusion values significantly associated with either pulsatile BP component (i.e., hippocampus, posterior insula, and central white matter) or both steady and pulsatile components (i.e., anterior white matter, and occipitoparietal area). After controlling for body mass index, education, age, and sex, associations between pulsatile BP components and regional cerebral perfusion remained significant in 2 regions (i.e., hippocampus and anterior white matter). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that brachial systolic pressure (β = -0.35, P = 0.03) and PP (β = -0.36, P = 0.02) explained 11 and 12% of the variability in hippocampus perfusion, independent of the entered covariates. Conclusions The present preliminary study indicated that pulsatile component of BP was more strongly related to regional cerebral perfusion in areas susceptible to cerebrovascular diseases than steady state component.
An Analysis of the US Shrimp Market: A Mixed Demand Approach

AbstractThis study examines the US demand for shrimp differentiated by source including eight import sources (China, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand, Vietnam, and rest of world [ROW]) and three domestic sources (Gulf of Mexico landings by size category). Due to endogeneity of import quantities and exogeneity of Gulf of Mexico landings, by size category, a mixed Rotterdam demand model was used to estimate the eleven-equation demand system. Results associated with the import component of the model appear satisfactory, with negative own-price elasticities and positive cross-price elasticities (implying substitutability among import sources). Many of the cross-price elasticities, however, were small. A 1% change in all import prices was found to result in a 0.98% change in the Gulf of Mexico dockside price; an expected result given the large share of total US shrimp supply represented by imports.
The Average Reference Electrode

(1961). The Average Reference Electrode. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 61-74.
High-temperature He- and O2-broadening of the R(12) line in the 1←0 band of carbon monoxide

Abstract Line shapes of the R(12) line in the 1←0 band of CO were measured near 1 atm between 1100 and 2200 K in mixtures of helium and oxygen behind reflected shock waves. A quantum cascade laser was scanned over the R(12) line at 2190.0175 cm−1 with a scan range of 0.4 cm−1 and a scan rate of 2 kHz. Voigt profiles were fit to the measured line shapes. The temperature dependence of the broadening coefficient was assumed to take the form γ(T) = γ(T0)(T0/ T)n (T0 = 296 K). By extrapolating from the high-temperature data, values of 0.048 ± 0.005 and 0.048 ± 0.004 cm−1atm−1 were obtained for γ C O − H e ( T 0 ) and γ C O − O 2 ( T 0 ) , respectively, while values of 0.53 ± 0.06 and 0.62 ± 0.04 were obtained for nCO − He and n C O − O 2 , respectively. For validation purposes, line shapes were also measured in argon mixtures; the resulting CO-Ar broadening parameters were in excellent agreement with recent literature values. Line shapes were also measured at room temperature in mixtures of CO/He and CO/O2; excellent agreement was found between measured and historical values of γ C O − H e ( T 0 ) and γ C O − O 2 ( T 0 ) . The general behavior of the broadening coefficient over a wide temperature range is discussed. The broadening parameters presented herein are useful for modeling CO-He and CO-O2 broadening of the R(12), 1←0 transition between 1100 and 2200 K and are the first measurements of their kind.
Viral arteritis of horses.

Although acute vasculitis is an important part of a number of human and animal diseases, the etiology and pathophysiological consequences of these lesions are not well understood. More knowledge about the incitors and effects of acute damage to blood vessels is needed to facilitate the understanding, prevention, and treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Recent work has begun to reveal some of the stimuli which damage blood vessels and the ways in which the vessels respond to them. We have been studying the pathogenesis of equine viral arteritis (EVA), a viral disease of the horse which causes a fulminant generalized vasculitis (1, 2). Results of these studies show how the virus induces injury to the vessels and shed some light on the pathophysiologic effects of acute vascular damage in the horse.
Unitary Fermi Gases

Abstract A dilute two-component Fermi gas of atoms, magnetically tuned to a broad collisional (Feshbach) resonance, is the most strongly interacting, nonrelativistic system known. At resonance, a so-called unitary gas emerges, with universal thermodynamic and transport properties that are independent of the details of the two-body scattering potential. Unitary Fermi gases are stable, enabling precision tests of nonperturbative many-body theories in a variety of disciplines, from high-temperature superconductors to neutron matter. Model-independent methods for measuring the thermodynamic properties of unitary Fermi gases provide benchmarks for state-of-the-art calculations. Hydrodynamic experiments test predictions of the transport properties. In the normal fluid regime, unitary Fermi gases exhibit extremely low viscosity, a feature shared with a quark-gluon plasma—a state of matter which is 19 orders of magnitude hotter and 25 orders of magnitude more denser. Both are found to be nearly perfect fluids, where the ratio of the viscosity to the entropy density is comparable to a conjectured universal minimum that was derived using string theory methods.
SATELLITES AND SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING | Aerosol Measurements

Because aerosols vary on many spatial and temporal scales and exhibit a diversity of environmental impacts, satellite remote sensing makes an essential contribution to the study of airborne particles. Since the very first orbiting imagers began observing Earth, the scope of satellite data products has provided inspiration, qualitative indications, and, increasingly, quantitative constraints on the regional and global influences that aerosols exert. Major advances in this field have taken place in the last decade, providing better constraints on atmospheric processes, short-term forecasting, and climate modeling. Further advances can be expected from greater integration of satellite and suborbital data with models.
Isolation and biological characterization of two classes of blast-cell colony-forming cells from normal murine marrow.

In this study, a primitive progenitor cell, the blast-cell colony-forming cell (BC-CFC), which is thought by some to be equivalent to the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), those cells capable of long-term marrow repopulation, has been isolated from normal murine marrow. The cell separation method we employed has, as its final step, the purification of marrow cells based on their ability to take up (bright) or exclude (dull) the mitochondrial dye, Rhodamine (Rho)-123. Rho-bright and Rho-dull cells are enriched for multipotential progenitor cells or for HSC, respectively. It was found that Rho-bright cells contain more BC-CFC than Rho-dull cells (310 +/- 50 v 120 +/- 40 per 10(5) purified cells, respectively). However, the BC-CFC that copurified with the Rho-bright and the Rho-dull cells were different in terms of replating efficiency and response to interleukin-3 (IL-3) and stem cell factor (SCF). In fact, on replating, the blast-cell colonies cultured from the Rho-dull population give rise to many more secondary colonies and had a greater replating efficiency than those obtained from Rho-bright cells (replating efficiency: 29.0 +/- 6.3 v 19.5 +/- 3.7, respectively, P < .01). Furthermore, while the same numbers of blast-cell colonies were detected in culture of Rho-bright cells stimulated with IL-3 alone or in combination with SCF, blast-cell colonies were generated in cultures of Rho-dull cells only in the presence of both IL-3 and SCF. After 5 days in suspension culture stimulated with IL-3 and SCF, Rho-dull cells generated BC-CFC whose replating potential was similar to the replating potential of BC-CFC contained in the Rho-bright population. These results indicate that BC-CFC contained in the Rho-bright and -dull populations are qualitatively different. Because the Rho-dull population contains HSC, the results indicate that few, if any, BC-CFC are HSC.
A search for T = 1 2 resonances in p+ 4 He elastic scattering

Abstract The excitation function of the differential cross section of the 4 He(p, p) 4 He reaction has been measured for the four laboratory angles 82.3°, 92.3°, 102.3°, and 112.3° at incident proton energies between 22 and 46 MeV. A complete angular distribution for the 4 He(p, p) 4 He reaction has been measured at 47 MeV incident energy. In addition excitation functions at laboratory angles of 23.5°and 70.0° were measured for the 4 He(p, d) 3 He reaction between bombarding energies of 38.5 to 44.6 MeV. The investigation was undertaken to see if any T = 1 2 resonance effects exist in the p+ 4 He compound system from possible “states” in 5 Li around 20, 22 and 25 MeV. No departure from a monotomic energy dependence can be discerned to within the accuracy of the individual experimental points.
Ferroelectric polarization control of magnetic anisotropy in PbZ r 0.2 T i 0.8 O 3 /L a 0.8 S r 0.2 Mn O 3 heterostructures

The interfacial coupling between the switchable polarization and neighboring magnetic order makes ferroelectric/ferromagnetic composite structures a versatile platform to realize voltage control of magnetic anisotropy. We report the nonvolatile ferroelectric field effect modulation of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) in epitaxial $\mathrm{PbZ}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.2}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.8}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (PZT)/$\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.8}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.2}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (LSMO) heterostructures grown on (001) $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrates. Planar Hall effect measurements show that the in-plane magnetic anisotropy energy in LSMO is enhanced by about 22% in the hole accumulation state compared to the depletion state, in quantitative agreement with our first-principles density functional theory calculations. Modeling the spin-orbit coupling effect with second-order perturbation theory points to the critical role of the $d$-orbital occupancy in controlling MCA. Our work provides insights into the effect of ferroelectric polarization on the magnetic anisotropy at the composite multiferroic interfaces, paving the path for their implementation into high-performance, low-power spintronic applications.
Workload Assessment Using Speech-Related Neck Surface Electromyography

This paper presents preliminary findings of an ongoing effort to evaluate the application of face and neck surface electromyography (sEMG) to real-time cognitive workload assessment. A retrospective analysis of anterior neck sEMG signals, recorded from 10 subjects during a time-pressured mental arithmetic task with verbal responses during a previous study by Stepp et al. [52], suggests that a measure known as neck intermuscular beta coherence (NIBcoh) may be sensitive to cognitive workload and/or error commission in tasks involving speech production, with sub-second temporal resolution. Specifically, the recent reanalysis indicates that subjects exhibited significantly lower NIBcoh when they produced incorrect verbal responses as compared to NIBcoh associated with correct responses. We discuss this promising application of NIBcoh within the context of our continuing research program and introduce future experiments that will shed light on the relationships among face and neck sEMG signals, task demands, performance, cognitive effort/strain, subjective workload measures, and other psychophysiological measures.
A scalable global optimization algorithm for stochastic nonlinear programs

We present a global optimization algorithm for two-stage stochastic nonlinear programs (NLPs). The algorithm uses a tailored reduced-space spatial branch and bound (BB) strategy to exploit the nearly decomposable structure of the problem. At each node in the BB scheme, a lower bound is constructed by relaxing the so-called non-anticipativity constraints and an upper bound is constructed by fixing the first-stage variables to the current candidate solution. A key advantage of this approach is that both lower and upper bounds can be computed by solving individual scenario subproblems. Another key property of this approach is that it only needs to perform branching on the first-stage variables to guarantee convergence (branching on the second-stage variables is performed implicitly during the computation of lower and upper bounds). Notably, convergence results for this scheme also hold for two-stage stochastic MINLPs with mixed-integer first-stage variables and continuous recourse variables. We present a serial implementation of the algorithm in Julia, that we call SNGO. The implementation is interfaced to the structured modeling language Plasmo.jl, which facilitates benchmarking and model processing. Our implementation incorporates typical features that help accelerate the BB search such as LP-based lower bounding techniques, local search-based upper bounding techniques, and relaxation-based bounds tightening techniques. These strategies require the solution of extensive forms of the stochastic program but can potentially be solved using structured interior-point solvers (when the problem is an NLP). Numerical experiments are performed for a controller tuning formulation, a parameter estimation formulation for microbial growth models, and a stochastic test set from GLOBALlib. We compare the computational results against SCIP and demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves significant speedups.
Driving the precision medicine highway: community health workers and patient navigators.

The general public is currently bombarded with direct-to-consumer advertising, real time “medical” guidance through the internet, access to digital devices that capture health information, and science-based adds that promote foods, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. Unfortunately, much of this information relies on terminology and concepts not well-understood by consumers, particularly those with lower levels of health and genomic literacy. Such constraints align with the limitations of the American public to obtain and process the basic medical information needed to make appropriate healthcare decisions. Low levels of health and genomic literacy render the American public ill-equipped to make informed decisions, use and interpret genomic information, or appreciate the benefits afforded by genomics-based technologies. We propose that coordinated expansion of the roles of community health workers and patient navigators within the precision medicine space can be effectively used to disseminate the knowledge required for the public to benefit from precision medicine advances in healthcare. A well-organized and trained community health worker and patient navigator workforce will provide a voice for the disadvantaged, especially among recent immigrants likely to be experiencing social isolation, language barriers, and economic deprivation. Armed with this knowledge, community health workers and patient navigators can advance the precision medicine agenda and empower disadvantaged communities to take advantage of major advances in the precision medicine era.