cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Description and Evaluation of Objective Hoof Measurements of Dairy Cattle

Abstract Procedures to measure objectively hooves of cattle were developed and tested for ease of use in typical dairy herds. Traits measured were hoof angles, total lengths, heel depths, and lengths of two segments of hoof wall to estimate growth and wear rates of hooves. Three observers repeated measurements on a group of Holstein cows to quantify variance among and within observers. Repeatabilities across observers were high (>.8) for most hoof measurements although heel depth was an exception (.5). Repeatabilities within observers for heel depth were higher than those across observers, indicating differences of criteria used by individual observers. Additional training was necessary for an accurate measurement of heel depth among observers. Such training increased repeatability to .75. The methods can provide accurate measurements for use in studies of environmental and genetic effects on hooves of cattle.
The nonlinear graviton: Superposition of plane waves

The nonlinear graviton construction of Penrose is given explicitly for the nonlinear superposition of a finite number of plane waves with arbitrary propagation directions, phase, and amplitude profiles. These are realized as generalizedH-spaces for which the asymptotic data are distributional and have singular support on a finite number of null generators ofI+.
OCLC and government documents collections

Abstract The effect of OCLC on technical and public services relative to government documents has been significant. Use of the online services provided by OCLC has helped libraries to increase awareness of and accessibility to government documents collections. Cataloging, Serials Control and Interlibrary Loan activities based on the OCLC Online Union Catalog have enabled staff and patrons to attain more rapid access to their own collections as well as providing unprecedented capability for resource sharing.
Reliability and validity of the oral interview board in police promotions: A research note

Abstract In recent years the validity of personnel systems has come to be more closely examined. This study focuses on one component of the police promotion system, the oral interview board. It examines the oral interview boards of a state police agency in which 161 state police troopers were aspiring for the rank of sergeant. Reliability and validity of the process are evaluated. The findings indicate that although the reliability coefficients were acceptable, significant differences in the ratings of similar types of raters across boards existed. Several statistical procedures were also used to investigate the validity of the procedure, but validity could not be established for this particular case. Several recommendations for improving the procedure are made.
Synthesis of nanodiamond-reinforced aluminum metal composite powders and coatings using high-energy ball milling and cold spray

Abstract Nanodiamond-reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (ND–Al MMC) powders were synthesized by means of high energy ball milling. We present a systematic study of the effect of various milling conditions on the structure and properties of the resulting MMC powders. The described method can be used to control important powder characteristics, including particle size and shape, Al crystal size and residual strain, and structural integrity and dispersion of the nanoparticle inclusions, a crucial requirement for subsequent powder consolidation. Raman spectroscopy was utilized for the first time to directly verify the structural integrity and the dispersion of ND in the Al matrix. For low ball-to-powder ratios (BPR), average particle size and size range of the ND–Al composite powders were found to decrease during milling, while the hardness increases. A BPR of 10:1, a milling time of 10 h, and a ND content of 10 wt.% were most effective in obtaining small powder particle sizes, small Al crystal sizes, and improved mechanical properties reaching a hardness of 3.46 GPa, a 210% increase over the pristine, untreated Al powder (1.10 GPa). Finally, we demonstrate that the as-produced composite powders are well-suited for low-temperature consolidation processing by fabricating the first cold-sprayed ND–Al MMC coating.
Monitoring neurotensin[8-13] degradation in human and rat serum utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Abstract A method was developed to quantify neurotensin (NT) fragment [8–13] and a novel NT[8–13] derivative, KK1, in human and rat serum utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). The method allows for simultaneous quantification of the major NT[8–13] metabolite, NT[9–13] (according to molecular mass), and detection of the major KK1 metabolite, KK1M (according to molecular mass). The degradation rates of NT[8–13] and KK1 were calculated to be 24.1±1.0 and 193±8 min in human serum and 5.90±0.22 and 153±4 min in rat serum, respectively. The method utilizes a novel sample drying technique and spectrum acquisition protocol. In addition, an internal standard dissimilar in structure to the analytes was used. This method may be broadly applicable to the quantification of NT[8–13] and other peptide analogues of varying structure.
Water sorption of poly(methyl methacrylate): 2. Effects of crosslinks

Abstract Glassy crosslinked networks were made by copolymerization of methyl methacrylate both with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, using a redox initiator. Residual monomer was largely or wholly removed by extraction with water, by heating at 100°C, or by γ-irradiation. Water sorption conformed approximately to Fick's laws but with a retarded swelling component which increased with crosslink density. Approximate values were obtained for apparent diffusion coefficients both in sorption and desorption. The pattern of results was similar for both dimethacrylate systems. Values of diffusion coefficients were little influenced by crosslink density up to a dimethacrylate feed of 50 wt%. The saturation value for water uptake increased with increasing feed of dimethacrylate to more than twice the value for the linear polymer, i.e. poly(methyl methacrylate).
Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Intermediates and Products from Polyamine Degradation Are Babesiacidal In Vitroa

Products released from activated macrophages have been demonstrated to have microbicidal activity against a variety of microorganisms. Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) have been shown to affect the induction of degenerate (crisis) forms of Plasmodium spp. Polyamines are degraded into acrolein which has also been shown to be toxic to Plasmodium spp. We have investigated the possibility that these products act similarly with Babesia bovis. Crisis forms of B. bovis developed in erythrocyte cultures after the introduction of supernatants containing ROI, RNI, and acrolein. Xanthine degradation by xanthine oxidase leads to the formation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The degradation in the presence of B. bovis was toxic to the parasite. The toxicity was partially reversed by the addition of the ROI scavenger catalase. However, H2O2 added directly had little effect, suggesting a role for the other ROI products. Spermine degradation by polyamine oxidase and direct addition of acrolein was toxic in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, spontaneous generation of nitric oxide from sodium nitroprusside or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine was also toxic in a dose-dependent manner. These data lead us to suggest a role for activated macrophages in the primary immune response against B. bovis.
American children's use of electronic media in 1997: A national survey

Within a weighted, nationally representative sample of 2902 children, differences in electronic media use by age and sex were examined. The data collected were part of the University of Michigan's Child Development Supplement (CDS) to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), and included two 24-h time-use diaries, one from a weekday and one from a weekend day. Children and their parents reported the titles of television programs, videotapes, and electronic games (both computer and platform) that the children used. These titles were coded by genre, and differences in total time and in time spent with specific genres within each medium were examined. Main effects of age and sex on total use and use by genres are reported. Among other results, oldest boys were found to spend more time watching sports programs and playing electronic sports games while the oldest girls spend more time watching relationship dramas and not a large amount of time playing video games. The results indicate the diverging media interests of boys and girls. Use patterns may also suggest a lack of availability of appropriate electronic games for older girls.
Quantitative methylation profiles for multiple tumor suppressor gene promoters in salivary gland tumors

Background Methylation profiling of tumor suppressor gene (TSGs) promoters is quickly becoming a powerful diagnostic tool for the early detection, prognosis, and even prediction of clinical response to treatment. Few studies address this in salivary gland tumors (SGTs); hence the promoter methylation profile of various TSGs was quantitatively assessed in primary SGT tissue to determine if tumor-specific alterations could be detected.
Beyond the DSM: Development of a Transdiagnostic Psychiatric Neuroscience Course

Objective Clinical and neurobiological data suggest that psychiatric disorders, as traditionally defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), are (1) more comorbid than expected by chance, (2) often share neurobiological signatures, and (3) reflect alterations across multiple brain systems that mediate particular mental processes. As such, emerging conceptualizations such at the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC) have suggested that a different way to understand psychopathology may be with respect to the degree of dysfunction in each of these brain systems, seen dimensionally, which both cross traditional diagnostic boundaries and extend to a healthy range of functioning. At present, however, this scientific perspective has not been incorporated into neuroscience education in psychiatry, nor has its relationship to clinical care been made clear.
F factor mobilization of non-conjugative chimeric plasmids in Escherichia coli: General mechanisms and a role for site-specific recA-independent recombination at oriV1☆

Abstract Plasmid pSC101 is neither self-transmissible nor efficiently mobilized (made to transfer) by the Escherichia coli F factor. When fragments of F factor DNA were inserted into pSC101 the resulting chimeric plasmids were mobilized by the F factor at enhanced frequencies. These chimeric plasmids, which were not self-transmissible, fell into three classes according to their relative ability to be mobilized by an autonomous or integrated F factor: (1) class I pSC101-F chimeric plasmids contain the origin of transfer of the F factor ( oriT ) and were mobilized in trans at an efficiency nearly equal to that of F factor transfer; (2) class II pSC101-F chimeric plasmids lacked both oriT and the origin of vegetative F replication ( oriV1 ), and were mobilized in cis via fusion with the F factor in a recA -dependent recombination to yield a transferable co-integrated plasmid; (3) class III pSC101-F chimeric plasmids lacked oriT but contained oriV1 and were mobilized in cis via co-integration with the F factor probably at oriV1 in a recA -independent recombination. A fourth class of mobilization event, not exhibited by pSC101-F chimeric plasmids, was also observed. Mobilization of pBR322 and pSC101 occurred in cis via transposon-mediated recA -independent fusion with F. On the basis of these results we present a general classification scheme of non-conjugative plasmids and also suggest mechanisms for their mobilization.
The influence of rapid prism adaptation upon fixation disparity.

Abstract Small errors of fusional vergence (fixation disparity) were examined as a function of the magnitude of horizontal prism stimulating convergence or divergence for a short (30sec) duration. Marked differences were observed between the amplitude of fixation disparity resulting from convergent and divergent stimulus disparities. In another experiment, subjects wore a horizontal prism for 30 sec after which time one eye was occluded for 40 sec. Measurements of vergence eye movements revealed an incomplete relaxation of fusional vergence (prism adaptation) after 40 sec of occlusion. Marked differences were observed between the amplitude of prism adaptation resulting from convergent and divergent stimuli. Maximum prism adaptationand minimum fixation disparity occurred with the same direction of prism, suggesting that a slow fusional vergence mechanism minimizes errors of binocular vergence.
Nineteenth-Century U.S. Black and White Working Class Physical Activity and Nutritional Trends During Economic Development

Much has been written about nineteenth-century African-American and white statures and body mass index values. However, less is known about their physical activity and calories required to sustain height and weight. This paper considers two alternative measures for biological conditions that address physical activity and calories per capita: basal metabolic rate (BMR) and estimated calories from calorie equations. African-Americans had greater BMR and required more calories per day than whites. Farmers and unskilled workers were more physically active and required more calories per day than workers in white-collar and skilled occupations. Nineteenth-century BMRs and calories were higher in rural locations, where greater physical activity was required and more calories were available.
Evaluation of hydrogen storage characteristics of magnesium–misch metal alloys

Abstract Magnesium with different misch metal (Mm) concentration, from 10 to 30%, was investigated as a possible hydrogen storage medium. The materials were mechanically ball-milled and compressed into pellets for hydrogen storage evaluation. The experimental results showed high hydrogen storage capacity, rapid hydriding and dehydriding kinetics, low degree of decrepitation, and high cyclic stability after several hydriding–dehydriding cycles at high temperature and pressure.
Explanations for Common Responses to the Blue/Green Cab Probabilistic Inference Word Problem

Summary.-Three explanations have been advanced to explain the most popular error on probabilistic inference word problems, which is the use of the reliability of the evidence p(E/H) as the response when p(H/E) is requested. Production system simulations of each explanation are applied to data from a study in which 265 subjects judged the probability of an hypothesis after receiving each of three pertinent pieces of information-the evidence, the baserate, and the reliability of the evidence-in all possible combinations. The explanation that subjects consider the baserate to be irrelevant is rejected. Data are consistent with both the explanation that 265 subjects confuse p(E/H) with p(H/E) and the explanation that they interpolate between the baserate probability and 1.0 and then select their response from among nearby numbers that are available in the word problem. The way people use imperfect evidence to adjust their beliefs about the world has been investigated using probabilistic inference word problems. These require subjects to state p(H/E), the probability of an Hypothesis H, when they are given information about evidence E, baserate p(H), and the reliability of the evidence p(E/H). Subjects frequently give the reliability as their answer. A prominent explanation of answers on these problems, which is the hypothesis that people neglect baserates relative to the amount of attention that should be given to them (Bar-Hillel, 1980; Tversky & Kahneman, 1982), does not account for the frequent use of p(E/H) as the answer. However, two competing theories, that people consider baserate irrelevant when there is evidence (Cohen, 1981) and that they confuse reliability p(E/H) with the posterior probability p(H/E) (Eddy, 1982), both do so. To compare these theories, this paper presents formal models of each hypothesis and evaluates their ability to account for a set of responses to the paradigmatic probabilistic inference word problem, which is the Blue/Green Cab problem (see Table 1) studied by Bar-Hillel (1980), Cohen (1981), Fischhoff and Bar-Hillel (1784), Fischhoff, Slovic, and Lichtenstein (1979), Kahneman and Tversky (1972), Tversky and Kahneman (1982), and others.
Hypercube data analysis in astronomy: optical interferometry and millisecond pulsar searches

Astronomical data sets are beginning to live up to their name, in both their sizes and the complexity of the analysis required. Here we discuss two astronomical data analysis problems which we have begun to implement on a hypercube concurrent processor environment: The intensive image processing required in an optical interferometry project, and the large scale power spectral analysis required by a search for millisecond-period radio pulsars. In both cases the analysis proceeds largely in the Fourier domain, and we find that the problems are readily adapted to a concurrent environment. In the following report, we outline briefly the astronomical background for each problem, then discuss the general computational requirements, and finally present possible hypercube algorithms and results achieved to date.
On Stochastic Phase-Lock Loop Solutions

The solutions to stochastic first- and second-order phaselock loop differential equations are studied in the sense of the calculus of Ito and Stratonovich. The solutions are found to be both theoretically and experimentally invariant to the calculus used. From numerical experimentation it was also discovered that the covergence properties of Euler's integration method was superior to that of Runge-Kutta-Gill.
Alachlor Biotransformation and Sorption in Soil from Two Soybean Tillage Systems

Few studies have investigated tillage effects on alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] degradation. Objectives here were to evaluate kinetics and mechanisms of alachlor degradation in surface (0−5 cm) Dundee silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic, Aeric Ochraqualf) from plots managed for 7 years as conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT) soybeans (Glycine max L.). In experiment I, incubations ranged from 0 to 54 days after 14C-ring-labeled alachlor (4.44 μmol kg-1) application. In experiment II, soil was incubated (10 g:3 mL of CaCl2) with 14C-labeled alachlor (14.8 or 111.2 μmol L-1) from 1 to 25 days. Soils in experiment I were extracted with methanol and in experiment II were sequentially desorbed with 0.01 M CaCl2 and methanol and then oxidized to measure unextractable 14C. Mineralization of alachlor was more rapid in NT. Methanol-extractable and CaCl2-desorbable alachlor declined during incubation for both tillage treatments, with a corresponding increase in methano...
An equivalent RLC circuit model for the nanoshell impedance

Modeling Nanoparticles using impedances and circuit equivalents is a powerful tool that allows the development of efficient schemes for the analysis and design of nanoparticle based systems. In this paper, we provide a method for acquiring a circuit realization of the nanoshell modeled as an impedance. In particular, our circuit realization separates the elements arising from ohmic losses from those that are a result of the ideal properties of metals.
Epithelial and mucosal γδ T cells

Although they constitute a small part of the circulating lymphocyte population, γδ T cells are found in high abundance on mucosal and epithelial surfaces. These γδ T cells are activated in response to stress to the surrounding tissue and perform a number of functions depending upon the location and type of stress that has occurred. Roles elucidated recently for γδ T cells include modulation of epithelial homeostasis through insulin-like growth factor-1 and keratinocyte growth factor, lysis of cytomegalovirus-infected cells, and recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of tissue damage. Recent advances have provided an understanding of the development of mucosal and skin γδ T cells and their roles in restoring and maintaining tissue integrity.
DERIVING PLACE-SPECIFIC MEASURES OF THE RENTAL HOUSING CRISIS FROM THE 1980 CENSUS: AN APPLICATION FROM TEXAS

The argument is advanced that rental affordability problems are the key symptom of the rental housing crisis. These problems may be measured by the rent-to-income ratio as reported by the 1980 census for five different income groups. Of special significance is that these data are available in a standardized form for every county, city and census tract in the nation. To demonstrate the use of these data, a rent burden indicator is constructed from these data and then applied to all counties in Texas with at least 100,000 population. One county, Travis, stands out with a particularly high incidence of rent burden, and this incidence is only slightly reduced when the rent burden indicator is adjusted to a standardized income distribution. This provides clear evidence of an unusually severe rental housing crisis.
Synthesis and properties of pyrazine-pillared Ag3Mo2O4F7 and AgReO4 layered phases

Abstract The new pyrazine-pillared solids, AgReO 4 (C 4 H 4 N 2 ) ( I ) and Ag 3 Mo 2 O 4 F 7 (C 4 H 4 N 2 ) 3 (C 4 H 4 N 2 =pyrazine, pyz) ( II ), were synthesized by hydrothermal methods at 150 °C and characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction ( I — P 2 1 /c , No. 14, Z =4, a =7.2238(6) A, b =7.4940(7) A, c =15.451(1) A, β =92.296(4)°; II — P 2 /n , No. 13, Z =2, a =7.6465(9) A, b =7.1888(5) A, c =19.142(2) A, β =100.284(8)°), thermogravimetric analysis, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescence measurements. Individual Ag(pyz) chains in I are bonded to three perrhenate ReO 4 – tetrahedra per layer, while each layer in II contains sets of three edge-shared Ag(pyz) chains ( π – π stacked) that are edge-shared to four Mo 2 O 4 F 7 3– dimers. A relatively small interlayer spacing results from the short length of the pyrazine pillars, and which can be removed at just slightly above their preparation temperature, at >150–175 °C, to produce crystalline AgReO 4 for I , and Ag 2 MoO 4 and an unidentified product for II . Both pillared solids exhibit strong orange-yellow photoemission, at 575 nm for I and 560 nm for II , arising from electronic excitations across (charge transfer) band gaps of 2.91 and 2.76 eV in each, respectively. Their structures and properties are analyzed with respect to parent ‘organic free’ silver perrhenate and molybdate solids which manifest similar photoemissions, as well as to the calculated electronic band structures.
Hyperbolic heat conduction problems involving non-Fourier effects - Numerical simulations via explicit Lax-Wendroff/Taylor-Galerkin finite element formulations

Numerical simulations are presented for hyperbolic heat-conduction problems that involve non-Fourier effects, using explicit, Lax-Wendroff/Taylor-Galerkin FEM formulations as the principal computational tool. Also employed are smoothing techniques which stabilize the numerical noise and accurately predict the propagating thermal disturbances. The accurate capture of propagating thermal disturbances at characteristic time-step values is achieved; numerical test cases are presented which validate the proposed hyperbolic heat-conduction problem concepts.
Anesthetic management of a hypothyroid cardiac surgical patient

lik ANY IMPORTANT anesthetic considerations exist . L ..__ rL.._.,.:rl:,.1 ‘PI____ -L. in a pZtieiii Wiih ~‘ypuulylululsul. :__1..2_. I IlCbC mcl”“~; (1) increased sensitivity to depressant drugs (which may be marked in some patients); (2) a hypodynamic cardiovascular system characterized by decreased heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output; (3) decreased oxygen demand; (4) slowed metabolism of drugs, particularly opioids; (5) decreased intravascular fluid volume; (6) impaired ventilatory response to arterial hypoxemia and/or elevation in partial pressure of carbon dioxide; (7) delayed gastric emptying time; (Sj impaired ciearance of free water with resultant hyponatremia; (9) hypothermia; (10) anemia; (11) hypoglycemia; (12) altered neuromuscular excitability, which may interfere with estimation of neuromuscular blockade’; and (13) multiple alterations in the adrenergic nervous system.‘.’ Adrenergic alterations include (1) unresponsive baroreceptor reflexes; (2) primary adrenal insufficiency; (3) decreased sensitivity of p-adrenergic receptors; and (4) decreased number of P-adrenergic receptors. These potential physiological alterations have significant implications regarding patient assessment, use of appropriate invasive monitors in the perioperative period, and selection of both anesthetic and cardioactive drugs. Responses to inotropic drugs may bc influcnced by the accompanying alterations in the adrenergic nervous system. In theory, an inotropic drug that does not denend on --r ---B-receptor interactions for its effects, would be particularly advantageous in these patients. Amrinone, which exerts its inotropic action via phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, may warrant special consideration in these patients. A case is reported of a patient with coronaq artery disease, aortic stenosis, and concomitant hypothyroidism, who was scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement (AVR). The management of a cardiac surgical patient presenting with hypothyroidism is reviewed.
Magnetic Resonance Angiogram Evidence of Vasospasm in Familial Hemiplegic Migraine

We report a case of familial hemiplegic migraine in an 11-year-old girl who presented with coma and left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed reversible vasospasm and evidence of oligemia, bringing new information regarding neurovascular changes in familial hemiplegic migraine.
Locations of Motor Vehicle Theft and Recovery

In a community-level analysis, this study examines risky locations for motor vehicle theft in Louisville, Kentucky from 2004 to 2007. Maps will display clustering patterns, density, displacement of motor vehicle thefts and relationships with spatial attributes and neighborhood characteristics. Clustering indicates heavy concentration of motor vehicle theft and recovery in the neighborhoods characterized by indicators of social disorganization (poverty, unemployment, vacant houses). Parking lots belonging to churches in a socially disorganized neighborhood are also an auto crime attractor.
Informal Employment and Pension and Health Care Coverage by Social Insurance in Latin America

This article describes Latin America's social insurance systems for pension and health care in the context of the region's shift in labour with decreasing formal employment and expanding informality. The analysis demonstrates that social insurance coverage is higher where informality is lower and vice versa, identifies key explanatory factors for low and unequal coverage, and suggests policy recommendations for expanding coverage.
Neural Network-Based Optimal Adaptive Output Feedback Control of a Helicopter UAV

Helicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used for both military and civilian operations. Because the helicopter UAVs are underactuated nonlinear mechanical systems, high-performance controller design for them presents a challenge. This paper introduces an optimal controller design via an output feedback for trajectory tracking of a helicopter UAV, using a neural network (NN). The output-feedback control system utilizes the backstepping methodology, employing kinematic and dynamic controllers and an NN observer. The online approximator-based dynamic controller learns the infinite-horizon Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation in continuous time and calculates the corresponding optimal control input by minimizing a cost function, forward-in-time, without using the value and policy iterations. Optimal tracking is accomplished by using a single NN utilized for the cost function approximation. The overall closed-loop system stability is demonstrated using Lyapunov analysis. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design for trajectory tracking.
Reduction in the formation of carcinogen-induced transformed foci by penicillin g sodium in the C3H/10T1/2 CL8 cell line*

The C3H/10T1/2 CL8 cell line is being widely used to study mechanisms of malignant transformation in vitro. As currently employed, the standard assay system uses a combination of penicillin (100 I.U./ml) and streptomycin (50 micrograms/ml) to reduce the occurrence of bacterial contamination. The penicillin component of this mixture has been discovered to cause a reduction in the number of transformed foci which develop after exposure of cells to MCA, DMBA and X-rays. This reduction is dose dependent; 500 I.U./ml virtually eliminates transformation, while 100 I.U./ml causes an approximate 50% decrease in the number of foci. This effect does not appear to be due to overt toxicity and is largely reversible on removal of the antibiotic. Gentamicin (25 micrograms/ml) causes no reduction in the formation of transformed foci when compared to cultures maintained in antibiotic-free medium and offers the advantages of chemical stability, a wider spectrum of antibacterial activity in comparison with penicillin/streptomycin and, in addition, is active against many mycoplasma. It is suggested that future studies with this cell line should ideally be performed without antibiotics or should employ Gentamicin for antibacterial protection.
Preparation and evaluation of packed capillary liquid chromatography columns with inner diameters from 20 to 50 μm

Etude de l'effet du diametre de la colonne sur la performance de la colonne garnie de silice fondue modifiee par le groupement octyl
Brownian dynamics of colloidal probes during protein-layer formation at an oil–water interface

We employ the Brownian motion of spherical colloids to investigate the microrheology of layers of the protein β-lactoglobulin adsorbing at a decane–water interface. Using an experimental design in which the protein concentration in the aqueous subphase increases in a diffusion-limited manner, we obtain a time-resolved characterization of the interfacial rheology. After undergoing a period of increasing interfacial viscosity, the layers become viscoelastic with a rheology that indicates an approach to a sol–gel transition. This evolution, which depends on subphase pH, contrasts in several significant ways with layer formation by β-lactoglobulin at an air–water interface. Comparison of the diffusivity of colloids of two sizes as the interfacial viscosity increases illustrates the transformation in particle mobility from a three-dimensional character in which the surrounding bulk fluids dominate to a two-dimensional form dictated by the drag from the interfacial layer. This transformation is similarly revealed in the two-point correlations of the particle motion, which show a change in spatial dependence indicating a crossover from three-dimensional to two-dimensional hydrodynamics.
Disintegration of Iron-52 and Iron-53

The disintegration of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{52}$(8.2 hours) and ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{53}$(8.9 min) has been investigated with the help of scintillation and coincidence counting equipment. ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{52}$ decays 56.5% by positron emission and 43.5% by electron capture. The end-point energy of the positron group is 0.804\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 Mev. This is followed by a gamma ray of energy 165 kev leading to ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{52m}$(21 min). The chain ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{52}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{Mn}}^{52}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{Cr}}^{52}$ has been studied. In addition to the well-known states of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{52}$---the ground state, with character 6+ and half-life of 5.7 days, and the first excited state (${\mathrm{Mn}}^{52m}$), with character 2+, half-life of 21 min, and energy of 390 kev---these experiments show a third excited state at 555 kev having a configuration 0+ and a half-life of (1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ sec. The disintegration of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{53}$ is accompanied by the emission of a gamma ray of energy 380 kev and positron groups of end-point energies 2.84\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10, 2.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10 Mev, and an indication of third group at 1.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15 Mev.
Subtraction radiology demonstrates crestal bone loss in experimentally induced marginal periodontitis.

Abstract The potential diagnostic usefulness of subtraction radiology in dentistry was evaluated by means of an experimental model of marginal periodontitis in cynomolgus monkeys. Beam-guiding, field-limiting, intraoral radiographic instruments were modified to allow construction of appliances which yielded repeatable superimposable radiographic images during the course of a 16-week study. Marginal periodontitis was induced in monkeys by means of circumferential silk sutures tied around mandibular second molar and second premolar cementoenamel junctions, and serial radiographs were taken at weekly intervals for 16 weeks. Control subtraction masks were made from pretreatment radiographs, and bone loss was evaluated by means of elapsed-time films to give the subtraction prints. The subtraction films clearly showed increasing bone loss with time and were produced easily with size 0 dental films. This technique appears to have considerable potential usefulness in the evaluation of bone-density changes in experimental models of dental diseases as well as in the clinical setting.
ROLE OF YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA PRODUCED BY ION-BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION ON THE PROPERTIES OF RUO2 ON SIO2/SI

Highly conductive biaxially textured RuO{sub 2} thin films were deposited on technically important SiO{sub 2}/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition, where yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) produced by ion-beam-assisted-deposition (IBAD) was used as a template to enhance the biaxial texture of RuO{sub 2} on SiO{sub 2}/Si. The biaxially oriented RuO{sub 2} had a room-temperature resistivity of 37 {mu}{Omega}-cm and residual resistivity ratio above 2. We then deposited Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3} thin films on RuO{sub 2}/IBAD-YSZ/SiO{sub 2}/Si. The Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3} had a pure (111) orientation normal to the substrate surface and a dielectric constant above 360 at 100 kHz. {copyright} {ital 1998 Materials Research Society.}
Achievable Throughput Regions of Fading Broadcast and Interference Channels under QoS Constraints

Transmission over fading broadcast and interference channels in the presence of quality of service (QoS) constraints is studied. Effective capacity, which provides the maximum constant arrival rate that a given service process can support while satisfying statistical QoS constraints, is employed as the performance metric. In the broadcast scenario, the effective capacity region achieved with superposition coding and successive interference cancellation is identified and is shown to be convex. Subsequently, optimal power control policies that achieve the boundary points of the effective capacity region are investigated, and an algorithm for the numerical computation of the optimal power adaptation schemes for the two-user case is provided. In the interference channel model, achievable throughput regions are determined for three different strategies, namely treating interference as noise, time division with power control and simultaneous decoding. It is demonstrated that as in Gaussian interference channels, simultaneous decoding expectedly performs better (i.e., supports higher arrival rates) when interfering links are strong, and treating interference as noise leads to improved performance when the interfering cross links are weak while time-division strategy should be preferred in between. When the QoS constraints become more stringent, it is observed that the sum-rates achieved by different schemes all diminish and approach each other, and time division with power control interestingly starts outperforming others over a wider range of cross-link strengths.
Level-crossing statistics of aperture-integrated isotropic speckle

Level-crossing statistics of aperture-integrated laser speckle are studied. In particular, expressions are obtained for the level-crossing rate and for the above-level dwell distance.
Formation of the Corannulene Core by Nickel-Mediated Intramolecular Coupling of Benzyl and Benzylidene Bromides: A Versatile Synthesis of Dimethyl 1,2-Corannulene Dicarboxylate

A practical synthesis of dimethyl 1,2-corannulene dicarboxylate (5) is reported, with the final ring-forming step achieved by the double intramolecular nickel powder mediated coupling of benzyl and benzylidene bromide groups with 60% isolated yield.
The effects of changes in lumen and flow on the arterial velocity waveform

Abstract Pulse Doppler signals were recorded from the midstream of the abdominal aorta of seven dogs both 5 cm proximal and distal to a caliper-noose constricting device. Heart rate and peripheral resistance were controlled at several (three to five) different levels while progressive increments of stenosis were produced. Analysis of the data of 44 experimental runs over a 100–1100/ml flow range appear to justify the following conclusions: Significant changes in almost every velocity waveform (VWF) variable studied were consistently produced with less than 40% reduction in diameter, and in some with as little as 5% stenosis. No flow measurement, even maximum systolic flow, was significantly reduced until at least a 50% reduction in diameter, the usual point of “critical stenosis,” was produced. Some VWF variables, especially diastolic dimensions and those recorded distally, increased before declining in the period before critical stenosis was reached. This initial response was often clearly biphasic in pattern. Because of this bidirectional initial change, distally recorded VWFs were not as consistently changed at lesser degrees of stenosis as the same parameters recorded proximally. Nondimensional or ratio variables were as sensitive as the most sensitive (VWF) dimensions in detecting luminal narrowing. The sensitivity of these changes in VWF dimensions and ratios in detecting stenosis was not significantly reduced at lower flow rates.
Coriolis interaction between νt and 2νn for axially symmetric molecules of the group C3v: Application to the Stark effect of NH3 in v4 = 1 state

Abstract The accidental Coriolis resonance interaction between a fundamental vibration ν i ( E ) and an overtone 2 ν n ( A 1 ) is considered theoretically for axially symmetric molecules of the group C 3 v . General expressions for the matrix elements connecting the resonating states are derived up to second order of approximation. The coefficient of the matrix elements is given in terms of the molecular constants for two cases: (A) in the absence of other accidental resonances, (B) in the presence of Coriolis resonance between ν t and ν n . The theory developed for case (B) is then applied to the analysis of the Stark shifts of 28 inversion transitions in the ν 4 = 1 vibrational state of NH 3 obtained by microwave techniques. In order to fit the observed Stark effect as a function of J , k , and l 4 , it is necessary to obtain sufficiently accurate wavefunctions for ν 4 which included the contributions from the nearby vibrational states ν 2 and 2 ν 2 . This is done by reanalyzing Garing, Nielsen, and Rao's infrared data, taking into account the Coriolis resonance interaction of ν 4 with both ν 2 and 2 ν 2 as well as the l -type doubling. Refined molecular constants for the states for ν 4 , ν 2 , and 2 ν 2 are obtained from the analysis and the Coriolis coupling coefficient between ν 4 and 2 ν 2 is determined to be 1.27 cm −1 . A subsequent analysis of the Stark effect data using the corrected wavefunctions and including the effect of higher-order Stark perturbation terms in the Hamiltonian is carried out and values for some dipole moment parameters of NH 3 are obtained from the analysis.
The U.S. Arctic observing network (AON): A component of the study of Environmental Arctic Change

The Arctic is presently undergoing rapid changes that cross the physical, biogeochemical and human domains. Understanding the causes of these changes and designing response strategies from the local to the hemispheric scale requires the implementation of an integrated, cross-disciplinary pan-Arctic observing system that is capable of capturing the evolution of the ongoing changes in near real-time. Due to the large spatial extent and the many variables that have to be covered by such an observing system it requires an international effort. This paper presents the status of the U.S. interagency effort to implement a component of the emerging Arctic Observing System that has been established during the past few years, in large part during the International Polar Year, in support of the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH).
Adenosine A2A receptor activation decreases reperfusion injury associated with high-flow reperfusion

Abstract Introduction: High pulmonary artery flow rates can result in severe reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Our hypothesis was that selective activation of the adenosine A 2A receptor with a highly specific analog (ATL-146e) would inhibit leukocyte activation and decrease reperfusion injury after high-flow reperfusion. Methods: Using our isolated, ventilated, blood-perfused rabbit lung model, all groups (n = 8 per group) underwent lung harvest, 4 hours of cold storage, and blood reperfusion for 30 minutes. Measurements of pulmonary artery pressure (in millimeters of mercury), arterial oxygenation (in millimeters of mercury), myeloperoxidase, peak inspiratory pressure, and wet/dry weight ratio were obtained. Groups 1 (high flow) and 2 (high flow ATL-146e) underwent reperfusion at 120 mL/min for 30 minutes. Groups 3 (controlled high flow) and 4 (controlled high flow ATL-146e) underwent controlled reperfusion with an initial reperfusion of 60 mL/min for the first 5 minutes, followed by a rate of 120 mL/min for 25 minutes. During reperfusion, groups 2 and 4 received ATL-146e at 4 μg · kg −1 · min −1 . Results: ATL-146e significantly improved lung physiologic measurements under both high-flow (group 1 vs group 2) and controlled high-flow (group 3 vs group 4) conditions after 30 minutes. Conclusions: The adenosine A 2A receptor analogue ATL-146e significantly decreases the severity of reperfusion injury in the setting of both high-flow and controlled high-flow reperfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;124:973-8
Techniques for Fabrication and Assembly of Rotors for Use in a Miniature Fast Analyzer

Abstract Several techniques are potentially useful for fabricating and assembling small, multicuvet, plastic rotors to be incorporated in a Miniature Fast Analyzer based on the GeMSAEC principle. Individual rotor components are machined or molded from acrylic plastic and assembled by heat sealing, gluing, or ultrasonic welding. The resulting rotors, which will ultimately be disposable, are useful in performing colorimetric biochemical analyses and are produced with a pathlength variation of only ±1%.
From collaborative to collective writing: Producing knowledge through Web 2.0 technical writing environments

Web 2.0 technologies offer technical and professional communication classrooms more advantageous conceptions and practices of collaborative writing. In this paper, I examine how new media technologies create a different collaborative writing environment and then discuss how these environments help collaborative writing methods create an alternative writing situation to those more traditional, aggregate models of collaborative knowledge production.
Rope Revolution: tangible and gestural rope interface for collaborative play

In this paper we describe Rope Revolution, a rope-based gaming system for collaborative play. After identifying popular rope games and activities around the world, we developed a generalized tangible rope interface that includes a compact motion-sensing and force-feedback module that can be used for a variety of rope-based games. Rope Revolution is designed to foster both co-located and remote collaborative experiences by using actual rope to connect players in physical activities across virtual spaces. Results from this study suggest that a tangible user interface with rich metaphors and physical feedback help enhance the gaming experience in addition to helping remote players feel connected across distances. We use this design as an example to motivate discussion on how to take advantage of the various physical affordances of common objects to build a generalized tangible interface for remote play.
The design of a human-powered vehicle

Human power applied through a bicycle is perhaps the most efficient means of transport available today. Aerodynamic drag, however, limits the speed possible from the man/bicycle combination. An aerodynamically efficient body enclosing the system can reduce the drag and permit increased speeds. A study was conducted to determine an efficient body design for a high-speed bicycle. Wind tunnel and potential flow studies were conducted to evaluate the drag and lift characteristics of proposed shell designs. A proposed bicycle/shell design is presented.
Effects of Chronic Ethanol and Fish Oil on Plasma and Liver Lipids and Plasma Apoproteins

A number of studies have shown that inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet has a marked hypolipidemic effect. Most of these studies have utilized highly polyunsaturated vegetable oils such as corn oil or safflower oil which belong to the w-6 family. Fish oils which are very rich in w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to have pronounced hypolipidemic effects (2,6,7,8,24,26). The members of the w-6 and w-3 family are considered to be essential fatty acids for mammals because they cannot synthesize these fatty acids de novo (1). The metabolic differences between dietary fish oils and vegetable oils have been examined only recently (7,8,24). Harris et al. (7) have found that both types of polyunsaturated fat diets reduce plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol, but only the fish oil diet significantly reduces the triglyceride and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) levels. Neither diet has any significant effect on the plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol concentration (7). On a unit weight basis, the w-3 fatty acids have a greater hypocholesterolemic effect than the w-6 fatty acids. Furthermore, the hypotriglyceridemic effect seems to be unique to w-3 fatty acids.
Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi Hexokinase by Bisphosphonates

Hexokinase is the first enzyme involved in glycolysis in most organisms, including the etiological agents of Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) and African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei). The T. cruzi enzyme is unusual since, unlike the human enzyme, it is inhibited by inorganic diphosphate (PPi). Here, we show that non-hydrolyzable analogues of PPi, bisphosphonates, are potent inhibitors of T. cruzi hexokinase (TcHK). We determined the activity of 42 bisphosphonates against TcHK, and the IC(50) values were used to construct pharmacophore and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) models for enzyme inhibition. Both models revealed the importance of electrostatic, hydrophobic, and steric interactions, and the IC(50) values for 17 active compounds were predicted with an average error of 2.4x by using the CoMSIA models. The compound most active against T. cruzi hexokinase was found to have a 2.2 microM IC(50) versus the clinically relevant intracellular amastigote form of T. cruzi, but only a approximately 1-2 mM IC(50) versus Dictyostelium discoideum and a human cell line, indicating selective activity versus T. cruzi.