cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preoedipal factors in relation to psychogenic inhibited sexual desire.

Abstract This paper builds upon current theoretical and clinical understanding of inhibited sexual desire (ISD). Kaplan's comprehensive book, Disorders of Sexual Desire, is utilized as a basis for a brief overview of the triphasic model of sexual functioning and desire phase disorders. From this model, development of theory regarding the least understood and most “severe” type of ISD (remote psychogenic causation) is presented, as well as therapeutic implications involving such disturbances. Specifically, it is proposed that preoedipal factors and psychic defenses incurred during the pregenital years may play a significant role in the etiology of ISD as well as account for the tenacious resistance to treatment found in this clinical subgroup. In conclusion, a critical analysis and speculative expansion of this model is presented.
Experimental Production of Teratoma Testis in the Fowl

The purpose of this paper is to describe the production of testicular teratoma in the fowl following the injection of zinc chloride solution, and to discuss the relation of gonad-stimulating hormones to the procedure. The spontaneous occurrence of teratoma testis of the fowl is rare, as judged by reports in the literature. Winokuroff (1) in 1908 described a teratoma of the testis in a rooster but did not mention the breed or age of the bird. The tumor was the “size of a man's fist” and was composed of connective tissue, cartilage, bone, smooth muscle tissue, cysts, pearls, and epithelium. In 1911 Sheather (2) reported the occurrence of hyaline cartilage, connective tissue, and cysts in a teratoma testis of a Wyandotte rooster. The bird was twenty-one months old and over 500 grams in weight. The tumor at autopsy measured 15 × 11.5 × 7.5 cm. In 1925 Cohrs (3) added another teratoma testis to the list. This occurred in a Wyandotte cock, which was one year old and weighed 525 grams. The tumor, 12 × 10 × 7.5 cm., was composed of connective tissue, pearls, and glandular epithelium. Mashar (4) in 1932 summarized the literature on spontaneous teratoma in Gallus domesticus . He referred to the testicular tumors described above and recorded a total of 13 teratomas. These included 5 arising from the kidney, of which 4 were in males; in one the sex was not given. The breed was mentioned in 3 instances, the birds being of a heavy variety: Plymouth Rock, Orpington, and Cochin-China hybrid. One teratoma arising from the mesentery is included; one from the abdominal air-sac, and in 2 instances the point of origin is not given. Of the 13 teratomas only one occurred in a female. This was a teratoma of the ovary in a hen two and a half years old and weighing 215 grams.
Borreliosis in Free-ranging Black Bears from Wisconsin

Blood, kidney and tick samples were obtained from 18 hunter-killed black bears (Ursus americanus) from three sites in northern Wisconsin. A Borrelia sp., morphologically and antigenically similar to Borrelia burgdorferi, was isolated from the blood of two of the animals, and from the kidney of a third. Ixodes dammini and Dermacentor variabilis were found on the bears. This is the first report of borreliosis in the Ursidae, and of the primary vector of Lyme disease, I. dammini, from this host.
Mapping molecular differences and extracellular matrix gene expression in segmental outflow pathways of the human ocular trabecular meshwork.

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary risk factor for glaucoma, and lowering IOP remains the only effective treatment for glaucoma. The trabecular meshwork (TM) in the anterior chamber of the eye regulates IOP by generating resistance to aqueous humor outflow. Aqueous humor outflow is segmental, but molecular differences between high and low outflow regions of the TM are poorly understood. In this study, flow regions of the TM were characterized using fluorescent tracers and PCR arrays. Anterior segments from human donor eyes were perfused at physiological pressure in an ex vivo organ culture system. Fluorescently-labeled microspheres of various sizes were perfused into anterior segments to label flow regions. Actively perfused microspheres were segmentally distributed, whereas microspheres soaked passively into anterior segments uniformly labeled the TM and surrounding tissues with no apparent segmentation. Cell-tracker quantum dots (20 nm) were localized to the outer uveal and corneoscleral TM, whereas larger, modified microspheres (200 nm) localized throughout the TM layers and Schlemm’s canal. Distribution of fluorescent tracers demonstrated a variable labeling pattern on both a macro- and micro-scale. Quantitative PCR arrays allowed identification of a variety of extracellular matrix genes differentially expressed in high and low flow regions of the TM. Several collagen genes (COL16A1, COL4A2, COL6A1 and 2) and MMPs (1, 2, 3) were enriched in high, whereas COL15A1, and MMP16 were enriched in low flow regions. Matrix metalloproteinase activity was similar in high and low regions using a quantitative FRET peptide assay, whereas protein levels in tissues showed modest regional differences. These gene and protein differences across regions of the TM provide further evidence for a molecular basis of segmental flow routes within the aqueous outflow pathway. New insight into the molecular mechanisms of segmental aqueous outflow may aid in the design and delivery of improved treatments for glaucoma patients.
Stability of retinal correspondence in normal binocular vision.

ABSTRACTAlthough many studies have suggested absolute stability of retinal correspondence, perhaps more have concluded that the correspondence of adult subjects with normal binocular vision is capable of small variation, particularly with strong sustained demands upon vergence, in order for binocula
Paroxetine open-label treatment of pediatric outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

ABSTRACT Objective Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults. This study evaluates the safety and effectiveness of paroxetine in pediatric OCD patients. Method In a 12-week, open-label trial of paroxetine, 20 OCD outpatients, aged 8 to 17 years, were treated for OCD with daily doses ranging from 10 to 60 mg. Target symptoms were rated at regular intervals with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the Children's Global Assessment Scale, the Clinical Global Impression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Results Paroxetine proved relatively safe in this brief trial with a small sample and appeared to be effective in patients with OCD; mean CY-BOCS scores decreased significantly ( z =3.49, p =.0005) from 30.6 3.5 to 21.6 6.8 on medication. The most common side effects ( n ≥2) were hyperactivity/behavioral activation, headache, insomnia, nausea, and anxiety. Paroxetine did not have to be discontinued in any of the patients because of side effects; the most serious side effects included hyperactivity/behavioral activation in 3 younger patients ( Conclusions Preliminary evidence suggests that short-term treatment of pediatric OCD outpatients with paroxetine may be relatively safe and effective. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1999, 38(9):1180–1185.
Dark-field microscopic monitoring of subgingival bacteria during periodontal therapy

The purpose of this study was to explore the application of microscopic evaluation of the sulcular flora to aid diagnosis and to evaluate progress of treatment during initial (presurgical) periodontal therapy. Fifteen adult patients with clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe periodontitis were used. Two contralateral healthy sulci and two contralateral periodontal pockets were chosen for examination in each patient. Clinical and microbiological assessments of these sites were made at four separate appointments, as follows: (1) at the inception of therapy, prior to plaque control instructions; (2) 2 weeks following plaque control instruction; (3) 2 weeks following supragingival scaling; and (4)4 weeks following root planing of diseased sites. Initial therapy was completed in 10 to 12 weeks. Clinical features monitored during the study were the Gingival Index, Plaque Index and gingival fluid flow. The bacterial examination consisted of dark-field microscopic counting of morphologic forms and culturing of...
Great Lava Flow Fields on Venus

Abstract We have analyzed the morphology, dimensions, radar backscatter, topography, sources, and tectonic settings of lava flow fields and assemblages of fields on Venus with total areas greater than 50,000 km 2 , and, we term these great flow fields. Great flow fields are typically several hundred thousand square kilometers in extent, with lengths of several hundred kilometers and estimated volumes of 10 3 to 10 4 km 3 . We identify five morphological types of flow field and draw a basic distinction between sheet-like and digitate morphologies. The sheet flow fields represent single massive eruptions from laterally extensive stretches of fissure onto near-horizontal terrain, while the digitate flows were formed by repeated eruptions. We divide digitate fields into aprons, fans, and subparallel types, and identify fields transitional between sheet and digitate morphologies. An analysis of the backscatter coefficient of flow units within several of the great flow fields compared to AIRSAR data of terrestrial lava flows suggests that most units have the surface roughness of smooth pavements to pahoehoe. However, many channel-fed flow units with higher backscatter in the digitate fields have a surface roughness comparable to terrestrial aa. The great flow fields may have been erupted with effusion rates of between 10 5 and 10 6 m 3 sec -1 . Most of the great flows were erupted from sources within zones of lithospheric extension and thinning. Although the set of great flows are younger than the background plains, large regions of plains may have been resurfaced by sheet-type great flow fields which are no longer visible due to "homogenization" of surface properties. In terms of their dimensions, estimated eruption rates, possible surface textures, and tectonic settings, we consider the great flow fields to be Venusian analogues of terrestrial flood basalt provinces.
Structural and convergent validity of the homework performance questionnaire

Homework is a requirement for most school-age children, but research on the benefits and drawbacks of homework is limited by lack of psychometrically sound measurement of homework performance. This study examined the structural and convergent validity of scores from the newly developed Homework Performance Questionnaire – Teacher Scale (HPQ-T). Participants were 112 teachers of 224 students in six Illinois school districts. Common factor analysis with principal axis extraction and promax rotation was used for data analysis. Results revealed three salient factors: Parent support, student competence and homework completion. Subsequently, convergent validity of HPQ-T subscale scores with subscale scores from the Learning Behaviours Scale was examined. Findings suggest that the HPQ-T may potentially be a useful tool for improving research on homework and identifying strengths and weaknesses in student homework performance. However, modifications are recommended to optimise the utility of the scores.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(arylene ether sulfone)-b-polybenzimidazole copolymers for high temperature low humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Multiblock copolymers based on poly(arylene ether sulfone) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) with different block lengths were synthesized by coupling carboxyl functional aromatic poly(arylene ethers) with ortho diamino functional PBI oligomers in NMP, selectively doped with phosphoric acid, and evaluated as a high temperature proton exchange membrane (PEM). Transparent and ductile membranes were produced by solvent casting from DMAc. From dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the neat copolymer membranes showed two distinct glass transition temperatures which implies the existence of a nanostructured morphology in the membranes. These two nanophases became more distinct with increasing block length. The membranes were immersed in various concentrations of phosphoric acid solution to produce the proton conductivity. The doping level increased with increasing concentration of the acid solution and a maximum doping level of 12 was achieved when 14.6 M phosphoric acid solution was used. The acid doped membranes showed significantly reduced swelling behavior compared to a control conventional phosphoric acid doped PBI homopolymer system which appears to be related to the selective sorption into the PBI phase. The ionic conductivity of the doped samples at 200 °C afforded up to 47 mS/cm without external humidification. The protonic conductivity was found to increase with block length at a given doping level, reflecting the sharpness of the nanophase separation and the effect was even more prominent at a low doping level of 6–7. It is suggested that the phosphoric acid doped multiblock copolymer system would be a strong candidate for high temperature and low relative humidity PEM applications such as those required for stationary power.
Is VCUG Still Indicated Following the First Episode of Urinary Tract Infection in Boys

Objectives To determine if voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) following first episode of urinary tract infection (UTI) offers any incremental diagnostic advantage in boys if a comprehensive renal and bladder ultrasonogram (RBUS) revealed no abnormalities. Methods All boys less than 10 years of age whose first evaluation for UTI included RBUS and VCUG were retrospectively studied over a 10-year period. Those with a disorder of the urinary tract known before imaging were excluded. RBUS and VCUG results were analyzed. Results Of the 77 who met the inclusion criteria, 58 (77%) were Conclusions If a well-performed RBUS is normal in a boy with first UTI, the likelihood of a significant finding in VCUG is low. A VCUG is likewise of no apparent screening benefit for obstructive uropathy. With the uncertainties surrounding the benefit of chemoprophylaxis, omitting a VCUG when a RBUS is normal in boys with a first UTI avoids the morbidity without missing important pathologies or altering evolving management protocols.
Changes in transcription in HL-60 cells following exposure to alternating currents from electric fields

Abstract The effect of varying field strength and exposure time on histone H2B and c- myc transcript levels in HL-60 cells exposed to 60 Hz electric fields (sine waves) is reported here. An increase in the basal levels of these normally expressed transcripts was observed, which was dependent on both field strength and time of exposure. β2-microglobulin, a transcript known to be uninducible, was unaffected by cellular exposure to the field strengths used in these experiments.
Evaluation of non-sampling errors in the US National Swine Survey

Abstract On-farm data collection consists of a dynamic interaction between the interviewer and respondent via a questionnaire. Non-sampling errors introduced by these sources during the measurement process often account for a greater proportion of the total survey error than sampling error alone. A two pronged approach was used to evaluate non-sampling errors in the National Animal Health Monitoring System's National Swine Survey. First, results from two supplemental questionnaires, administered to field coordinators and interviewers of the National Swine Survey, were used to assess correlates of non-sampling errors. Second, since questionnaires contained multiple indicators of the same underlying concept, an index of inconsistency was used to quantify the level of response error for several variables. Bias due to the ecologic fallacy was shown by elevated estimates of response error for several indicators of preventive practices. Correlates of respondent error included the presence of multiple respondents for at least one interview for more than half of the interviewers. Correlates of interviewer error included demographic characteristics of interviewers and variations in question administration. Evidence corroborates the idea that survey questions should be unambiguous in wording and simple in structure. Results led to specific recommendations for future questionnaire design and interviewer training. The manifestation of many correlates of non-sampling error support the need for assessment of total survey error in large surveys.
Dynamics of Self-Heating in Microring Resonators

We theoretically and experimentally study the dynamics of self-heating in microring resonators. We present a coupled thermal and optical model based on a lumped capacitance thermal model and optical time-domain coupled-mode theory, and verify it using experimental measurements. The thermal dynamics are modeled by a second-order linear system, and the optical model considers the coupling between the two degenerate counter propagating modes of the microring resonator. The two models are coupled through the stored optical energy inside the microring resonator. The self-heating dynamics are measured using direct and pump-probe methods, and the results of both techniques are in good agreement with the proposed theoretical model.
A new approach to form accuracy control in machining

In the past considerable know-how has been generated with respect to dimensional accuracy and surface finish of machined workpieces, however, efficient methods are lacking for the improvement of the geometrical form generating capabilities of machine tools.
SELF-SIMILARITY MAPS FOR THE SET OF UNIMODAL CYCLES

Self-similarity maps are defined for the set of unimodal cycles ordered by the forcing relation. Two examples, with dynamical interpretations, are given.
Imaging inside scattering media with lasers: coherence in space and time

Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208-3113ABSTRACTWe review the history of time gated imaging, and summarize the method of Chrono-Coherent Imaging(CCI) that we have developed for imaging inside of scattering media such as tissue. We present experimentaldata on the time evolution of coherence properties in a scattering media that define some practical limitationsof CCI and other coherence dependent imaging methods in transmission and reflection geometries. These datainclude results with well phased mode locked lasers and random phased microsecond dye lasers havingfemtosecond coherence. We also discuss the transformation of coherence in space and time in a scatteringmedia, and use this analysis to suggest some new research directions.1. INTRODUCTIONWe have very recently presented an update1 of the chrono-coherent imaging method25 in an SPIEpublication. A time gating concept for discriminating against scattered light has been studied since the earliestdays of picosecond laser experiments,610 where time gating allows selection of photon paths having minimalscattering. The CCI method uses coherence properties of light for simultaneous time gating and imagerecording on holographic film. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in applying time gatedmethods with both amplitude recording and coherent recording. The amplitude recording methods often usepulsed lasers with a picosecond shutter, such as a Kerr or streak camera,121' or alternatively usea high frequency modulated or mode-locked laser source and phase shift detection method.1517 Coherentmethods have used heterodyne electronic detection (a coherent mixing at optical frequencies) with picosecondlasers,8 with modulated lasers,18 and low coherence continuous lasers.19'20 With film recording, lowcoherence microsecond dye lasers have been used for imaging inside scattering media.1 Time resolved studiesof photon migration15 have been used to detect blood oxygenation, where two wavelengths were used toprovide internal calibration.The objective of our most recent work has been to define the limits of coherent detection methods inscattering media. The coherence of a photon in scattering media is dependent on the media, the number of
Genome-wide case-control study in GAW17 using coalesced rare variants

Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified numerous loci at which common variants influence disease risks or quantitative traits of interest. Despite these successes, the variants identified by these studies have generally explained only a small fraction of the variations in the phenotype. One explanation may be that many rare variants that are not included in the common genotyping platforms may contribute substantially to the genetic variations of the diseases. Next-generation sequencing, which would better allow for the analysis of rare variants, is now becoming available and affordable; however, the presence of a large number of rare variants challenges the statistical endeavor to stably identify these disease-causing genetic variants. We conduct a genome-wide association study of Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 case-control data produced by the next-generation sequencing technique and propose that collapsing rare variants within each genetic region through a supervised dimension reduction algorithm leads to several macrovariants constructed for rare variants within each genetic region. A simultaneous association of the phenotype to all common variants and macrovariants is undertaken using a linear discriminant analysis using the penalized orthogonal-components regression algorithm. The results suggest that the proposed analysis strategy shows promise but needs further development.
Resmethrin, the first modern pyrethroid insecticide

The discovery of resmethrin almost five decades ago was the seminal event in the development of pyrethroid insecticides as important pest management tools, the value of which endures to this day. This brief review considers the development of pyrethroids from the perspective of the discovery of resmethrin. I describe the pathway to the discovery of resmethrin and the unique properties that differentiated it from the pyrethrins and earlier synthetic pyrethroids is described. I also summarize information on metabolic fate and mechanisms of selective toxicity, first elucidated with resmethrin, that have shaped our understanding of pyrethroid toxicology since that time. Finally, I review the discovery pathway that led from resmethrin to the development of the first photostable, agriculturally useful pyrethroids that established the importance of this insecticide class.
Prone versus supine positioning in the well preterm infant: Effects on work of breathing and breathing patterns

Summary. Premature infants with respiratory distress oxygenate better and have improved breathing synchrony when theyare nursed in the prone position. We investigated whether workof breathing(WOB)isdecreasedinthepronepositioninhealthyprematureinfantsnearingdischarge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Nineteen convalescing premature infants in room air were studied in both supine and prone position. Positioning order was randomized. Mean birth weight was1358 � 332(SD)g,gestationalage29.7 � 2.1weeks,weightatstudy1757 � 248g,andageat study 33.6 � 1.4 days. Calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) was used to measuretidalvolume;anesophagealcatheterestimatedpleuralpressure.Inspiratory,elastic,and resistive WOB were calculated and were unaffected by proneversus supinepositioning(P ¼0.46, 0.36, and 0.87, respectively). Similarly, respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation, and lung compliance did not differ between positions. These data suggest that sleep position recommendations for healthy premature infants discharged home without oxygen should be no different than for term infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006; 41:754–758. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optimizing Over Three-Dimensional Subspaces in an Interior-Point Method for Linear Programming*

Abstract Interior-point algorithms for solving linear programming problems are considered. A three-dimensional method is developed that, at each iteration, solves a subproblem based on minimizing the cost function on low-dimensional cross sections of the feasible region. The generators for the three-dimensional subproblem include the dual affine search direction and two higher-order search directions. One of the higher-order directions is a third-order correction to the Newton recentering direction, and the other is a correction to the dual affine direction that is motivated by the use of rank-one updates of the second-derivative information. Numerical results are presented for this method that indicate a nearly 20% reduction in CPU time compared to our best dual affine implementation.
Emerging drugs for acne.

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder that affects most individuals at some point in their lives. It may result in significant morbidity, including cutaneous scarring and psychological impairment...
Two classes of mixed finite element methods

Abstract Finite element methods are presented in an abstract settings for mixed variational formulations. The methods are constructed by adding to the classical Galerkin method various least-squares like terms. The additional terms involve integrals over element interiors, and include mesh-parameter dependent coefficients. The methods are designed to enhance stability. Consistency is achieved in the sense that exact solutions identically satisfy the variational equations. Applied to various problems, simple finite element interpolations are rendered convergent, including convenient equal-order interpolations which are generally unstable within the Galerkin approach. The methods are subdivided into two classes according to the manner in which stability is attained: 1. (1) Circumventing Babuska-Brezzi condition methods. 2. (2) Satisfying Babuska-Brezzi condition methods. Convergence is established for each class of methods. Applications of the first class of methods to Stokes flow and compressible linear elasticity are presented. The second class of methods is applied to compressible and incompressible elasticity problems.
Shaft design criteria

Criteria for shaft design are described and methods of design developed. Among aspects covered in detail are: selection of shaft locations; shaft collar design and determination of collar dimensions; shaft lining design and estimation of side pressures; shaft insets and sump design. Factors considered, apart from geotechnical criteria include constraints imposed by surface structures, mineral handling and water flows.
Cultural, materialist, and critical theory approaches to consumption critique: Explorations toward an empirical project*

Sociologists from Veblen (1899) through contemporary critical theorists have produced considerable theoretical work about consumption, but a comparable flow of empirical work does not exist. This essay reviews three theoretical approaches (cultural, materialist, and critical theory) to consumption critique and extracts from them a set of suggestions for empirical research.
Blasphemy and Heresy: The Modernist Challenge. A Review Article

The word blasphemy, once considered a relic of the benighted middle ages, is enjoying something of a popular revival especially in the west. This is not because it has its own particular currency as an ongoing practice but because it has usefulness in providing an index to the uneven development of world societies, as well as establishing the status of their laws in guaranteeing fundamental liberties of speech and the degree of tolerance that their civil societies are inclined to show. It is no accident that two recent, identically titled books on blasphemy, albeit written from quite different perspectives, culminate in the Rushdie affair as an exemplary case study to explicate the cultural meanings of blasphemy. Thefatwa against Rushdie is the ostensible starting point for a retrospective view of the stages through which European history has passed, as well as the end point for the dangers posed to western society by religious fundamentalism, particularly militant Islamic fundamentalism.' David Lawton specifically states at the outset that his "interest in blasphemy [was] re-awakened by the Rushdie affair" and proclaims that he does not "address this book to anyone who supports killing writers," as if all those who took offense with Rushdie's novel also endorsed his death penalty. Lawton's is a voice that speaks for an enlightened multiculturalism against the "perverted and already transcultured monoculturalism" of militant Muslims like Yusuf Islam and Doctor Siddiqi.2 The terms of the debate are clear and unambiguous, firmly establishing that blasphemy prosecution and a tolerant society are incompatible propositions. If blasphemy as a concept denotes the past of the European world, it is also put to use to mark the present of the non-European world. The narrative organization of both works views blasphemy as helping to demarcate the west from the Islamic world far more usefully than any other signifier-cultural, geographical, or political. Leonard Levy's Blasphemy: Verbal Offense against
Use of pilocarpine in pancreatic research.

THE ability of pilocarpine to deplete the pancreas exocrine cells of zymogen granules has been utilized by cytologists1 and biochemists2 in their studies of secretion processes in this very active organ. Generally, changes observed microscopically or results derived chemically have been accepted as attributable to the direct effect of the drug on the pancreas. The purpose of this report is to direct attention to several other effects of pilocarpine which should be of interest to those following this line of investigation. These probably do not diminish the value of the drug as an experimental tool, but they do indicate that its effects are not confined to the pancreas. This fact should be taken into account in the interpretation of results.
Revisiting the Discovery of the αβ TCR Complex and Its Co-Receptors

This is an opinion article based on the paper “Clonotypic structures involved in antigen-specific human T cell function. Relationship to the T3 molecular complex”, by Meuer S. C., Fitzgerald K. A., Hussey R. E., Hodgdon J. C., Schlossman S. F., and Reinherz E. L. (1).
Temperature-dependent low-resolution microwave studies of benzyl halides

Abstract Low-resolution microwave (LRMW) spectra of benzyl iodide obtained between 300 and 360 K show R-branch a-type band series consistent with two spectroscopic species with values of the rotational constant sum, B+C, of 1011.6(0.3) MHz and 1005.3(0.3) MHz. LRMW spectra of benzyl bromide obtained between 300 and 360 K are consistent with two isotopically resolved spectroscopic species with B+C values 81Br/79Br) of 1276.4(1.0) / 1287.6(1.0) MHz and 1265.3(1.0)/1276.4(1.0)MHz. Temperature-dependent relative intensity measurements indicate that the lower energy species of benzyl iodide and benzyl bromide have the largest B+C values and are consistent, in each case, with conformers have the halogen atom out of the plane of the benzene ring. Spectral characteristics of the higher energy species indicate that it is produced by a collection of torsionally excited species with similar rotational constants. One isotopically resolved band series with B+C values (35Cl/37Cl) of 1877.3(0.5)/1833.5(0.8)MHz is observed in the LRMW spectrum of benzyl chloride at 300 K. B+C values of the benzyl chloride band series decrease by about 4 MHz when the temperature is raised from 300 to 360 K, consistent with a conformer with the chlorine atom out of the plane of the benzene ring. A single spectroscopic species with a B+C value of 2623.1(0.5) MHz is observed in the LRMW spectrum of benzyl fluoride.
Upper and Lower Bounds of Frequencies for Cantilever Bars of Variable Cross Sections

Upper and lower bounds of frequencies of transverse vibrations of cantilever bars of variable cross sections are presented, taking into account the effects of transverse shear and of rotatory inertia. Numerical results for the first four natural frequencies are presented in tabular form for different inertia characteristics of the bars.
Continuum Fluorescence Excitation of [N I] and [O I] Lines in Gaseous Nebulae

We investigate the effects of photoexcitation of [N I] and [O I] lines by stellar continuum radiation under nebular conditions. It is found that the [N I] optical lines at 5198 and 5200 A are affected by fluorescence in many objects, including the Orion Nebula. [O I] lines are much less sensitive to fluorescence, except under conditions of low temperatures (≤5000 K) and high-radiation fields. Furthermore, it is shown that recent diagnostics by Esteban et al. of the physical conditions of partially ionized zones in Orion using combinations of [N I] and [O I] are unreliable because the lines from these species are likely to come from different regions. The hypothesis about different conditions in [N I]- and [O I]/[Fe II]-emitting regions is supported by the lack of correlation between these lines in samples of planetary nebulae, supernova remnants, and Herbig-Haro objects.
Interpreting the geologic map expression of contractional fault-related fold terminations: lateral/oblique ramps versus displacement gradients

Abstract Fault-related folds in contractional settings do not extend indefinitely, but rather commonly terminate as plunging anticlines near the tips of the genetically-related fault. Geologists often attribute the formation of such terminations to loss of slip on the underlying fault (i.e. a displacement gradient), to changes in fault geometry in which the fault laterally changes stratigraphic position along strike (i.e. a lateral/oblique ramp), or to some combination of these mechanisms. Discerning between these formative mechanisms solely through the interpretation of the geologic map expression of the termination can be difficult because of the subjective nature of the criteria used (e.g. lateral/oblique ramps often are interpreted at terminations where folds plunge at ‘steep’ angles, where hanging wall cutoff lines trend at ‘high’ angles to fault strike, where stratigraphic contacts trend at ‘high’ angles to fault strike, etc.). We created pseudo-three-dimensional model terminations of individual fault-related folds using both displacement gradients and lateral/oblique ramps to determine if unique characteristics in their map expressions exist. We show that map patterns of folds produced by a displacement gradient along a thrust fault of constant geometry are similar to map patterns of folds produced by constant slip on a thrust fault with a lateral/oblique ramp. Specifically, our modeling results suggest that (1) simple fault-bend folds that plunge less than 20° and simple fault-propagation folds that plunge less than 50° at their terminations can be created by both displacement gradients and lateral/oblique ramps; angles greater than these values suggest that a lateral/oblique ramp may be involved in forming the termination, (2) hanging wall cutoff lines at terminations that trend at angles less than about 35° to fault strike for simple fault-bend and fault-propagation folds also may be produced by both displacement gradients and lateral/oblique ramps; higher angles likely indicate the presence of a lateral/oblique ramp at the termination, (3) the angle at which stratigraphic contacts trend to the fault strike cannot be used to uniquely identify displacement gradients or lateral/oblique ramps for simple fault-related folds, (4) stratigraphic separation diagrams can indicate the presence of ramps in the thrust sheet, but do not uniquely differentiate between frontal ramps with displacement gradients and lateral/oblique ramps, and (5) actual changes in fault orientation (after topographic influences have been taken into account), by definition, indicate a lateral/oblique ramp. In reality, most natural fault-related fold terminations probably share components of both displacement gradients and lateral/oblique ramps, with each structure possessing contributions from each mechanism.
In Situ ATR−FTIR Analysis of Surfactant Adsorption onto Silicon from Buffered Hydrofluoric Acid Solutions

Buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) solutions containing HF and NH4F are widely used in the manufacturing of silicon-based integrated circuits. The adsorption/desorption characteristics of a commercially available, high purity, polyglycidol type surfactant (OHS) onto/from silicon from buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) solutions was studied by in situ attenuated total reflection−Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR−FTIR). The challenge in these measurements was to resolve the C−H peaks, in the 2800−3000 cm-1 region of the surfactant spectrum, that were masked by the strong absorbance due to N−H caused by a large amount of NH4+ ions in the solution. A technique has been developed to overcome this limitation. The principle of this technique is to carry out the surfactant adsorption in BHF solutions followed by the replacement of NH4+ ions by alkali-metal cations, such as K+ and Cs+, to allow better resolution of the C−H peaks from the baseline. Extrapolation of the adsorption density to time zero yields ...
Signaling in the Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily is Driven by Formation of Receptor Networks: Unraveling the Structural and Dynamic Paradigm

Supramolecular clustering of receptors in the tumor necrosis superfamily, including tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), Fas and Death Receptor 5 (DR5) has emerged as a potentially powerful paradigm shift in the field of apoptotic signaling. The canonical view of one ligand-one receptor is giving way to a revised picture of activity-dependent receptor aggregation. However, whether clusters have a specific structural organization stabilized by specific protein-protein contacts, as opposed to non-specific aggregation, remains unknown. Owing to the difficulty of studying endogenous membrane receptors in their native states, no detailed structural information has been available to begin to address this issue. Our studies provide the first such details of macromolecular organization in ligand-induced DR5 and TNFR1 aggregates, establishing a new paradigm for transmembrane signaling that likely extends to other structurally homologous members of this important superfamily. We base our conclusions on a rigorous, innovative and multidisciplinary approach that includes cell molecular biology in human cancer and model cell lines, biophysical measurements in cellular and synthetic model systems, and state-of-the-art computational molecular modeling. Thus, we address a fundamental and open question regarding the biophysical character of supramolecular clusters in cell biology, showing that clusters should more accurately be described as highly organized networks.
Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine or related drugs on rat developmental and neurological indices.

Abstract Although increasing numbers of infants born to cocaine abusing mothers are of grave concern, little is known of the long term development of these children. To determine the long term effects of cocaine on a developing fetus, gravid rats were dosed SC throughout pregnancy with either saline, amfonelic acid (AFA 1.5 mg/kg), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg) or cocaine (15 mg/kg b.i.d.) and the male pups fostered by surrogate rats. Compared to saline offspring, cocaine- and amitriptyline-exposed litters were underweight at birth, but there were no differences between groups at 15 or 30 days of age. There were more birth defects and stillbirths in cocaine-exposed offspring, however, there were no differences in male/female sex ratios or litter size in any group. Number of days to righting reflex was delayed in the cocaine-exposed group, but there were no changes in time to eye opening. Cocaine- and amitriptyline-exposed pups were hyperactive at 30 days of age, though no differences were found in an initial 15-min exploration period. Only the AFA-exposed offspring were hyperactive at 60 days postnatal. Since cocaine and amitriptyline decreased birth weights, this effect may be related to the nondopaminergic effects of cocaine. These data demonstrate that cocaine exposure in utero at relevant doses can affect neonatal outcome and long term development in rat offspring.
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in Children Younger than Age Ten Years: A Multidisciplinary Clinic Experience

PURPOSE: Children with familial adenomatous polyposis have a greater mortality and morbidity in the first decade of life compared with the general population. Some children with a more severe disease phenotype present early with colorectal adenomata and may require colectomy at an early age. We present our multidisciplinary clinic experience with familial adenomatous polyposis in children younger than age ten years at the time of presentation. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on all patients with suspected or confirmed familial adenomatous polyposis presenting in the first decade of life and followed by the multidisciplinary Pediatric Hereditary Polyposis Clinic at our institutions. Analysis included demographics, clinical presentation and course, gene mutation testing, endoscopic-histologic findings, and surgical outcome. RESULTS: Twenty-two children (11 males) presented with suspected or confirmed familial adenomatous polyposis. Two were discharged from follow-up after negative adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation testing. The rest underwent annual hepatoblastoma surveillance through age ten years with negative findings. Twelve patients presented with symptoms: six had de novo familial adenomatous polyposis. Seven had gastrointestinal hemorrhage and went on to colonoscopy. Four patients with adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation at codon 1309 were referred for colectomy before age ten years. Referral to colectomy was earlier in patients with 1309 mutation and with de novo familial adenomatous polyposis. CONCLUSIONS: Children with familial adenomatous polyposis younger than age ten years may present presymptomatically for disease surveillance. Familial adenomatous polyposis with adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation at codon 1309 entails a risk of a more aggressive phenotype; early colectomy may be indicated in children harboring this gene mutation.
Racial variations in the incidence of severe alcohol withdrawal.

The use of race as a risk assessment tool and pharmacologic target has garnered recent attention and debate. It is currently unclear if a relationship between race and the development of severe alcohol withdrawal exists. We explored this potential relationship using several study groups.
On Orally Presented Papers

The success of an oral paper depends on careful preparation and effective delivery. The speaker should compose both text and slides specifically for oral presentation. Moreover, he should anticipate the familiarity of the audience with his subject. Rapport between speaker and audience is most easily developed by informal delivery in a conversational manner.
Sensitivity advantage of swept source and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

We present theoretical and experimental results which demonstrate the superior sensitivity of swept source (SS) and Fourier domain (FD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques over the conventional time domain (TD) approach. We show that SS- and FD-OCT have equivalent expressions for system signal-to-noise ratio which result in a typical sensitivity advantage of 20-30dB over TD-OCT. Experimental verification is provided using two novel spectral discrimination (SD) OCT systems: a differential fiber-based 800nm FD-OCT system which employs deep-well photodiode arrays, and a differential 1300nm SS-OCT system based on a swept laser with an 87nm tuning range.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates house dust mite-induced airway epithelial apoptosis and fibrosis

Background The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response participates in many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we sought to examine the contribution of ER stress transducers in the pathogenesis of three principal facets of allergic asthma: inflammation, airway fibrosis, and airways hyperresponsiveness.
Three-state systems driven by resonant optical pulses of different shapes

New analytic solutions to the problem of a three-state system driven simultaneously by resonant optical pulses of different shapes are presented. The solutions are useful for prescribing the conditions for complete population transfer from one state to another or for complete population return.
Computing: a perspective from industry

In recent months, there has been considerable discussion about the value of computing as an academic discipline and the value of computing studies in furthering one's career. Kevin Carey (2010) recently wrote an article showing how a student who took only a few computing courses and then changed majors was able to exploit the knowledge and discipline he learned to solve some serious problems in other domains. Carey's paper focused on the knowledge gained from learning how to program, but what about the other knowledge that is fundamental to our field? Should people outside of computing learn about computing fundamentals because they are as important as, say, basic science or math? This prompted me to examine the role of computing in my own career, and to make some observations on computing jobs in industry and how we might better appreciate and promulgate what we know.
Oligopolistic Market Equilibrium

Oligopolies are a fundamental economic market structure, with examples ranging from department stores and large firms in computer, automobile, chemical, or mineral extraction industries to small firms with local markets. Oligopoly theory dates to Cournot (1838), who investigated competition between two producers, the so-called duopoly problem, and is credited with being the first to study noncooperative behavior. In his treatise, the decisions made by the producers are said to be in equilibrium if no one can increase his/her income by unilateral action, given that the other producer does not alter his/her decision.
Hydrodynamic and morphodynamic response to river engineering documented by fixed-discharge analysis, Lower Missouri River, USA

Abstract This research detects long-term trends in flow conveyance on the Lower Missouri River, and uses equal-discharge analysis of channel-gaging time series to assess the mechanisms driving these trends. Five long-term gaging stations along the Lower Missouri were examined using specific-gage analysis, which is a technique that holds discharge constant in order to observe trends in water-surface elevation (or stage) over time. This analysis reveals that for all flood conditions on the Lower Missouri River, stages have systematically risen for equal discharge volumes over the period of record. Flows that were fully contained within the Missouri channel in the early 20th century now create floods, and extreme high flows today are associated with stages as much as 3.7 m higher than at the start of the record. Equal-discharge analysis also can be used for analyzing time series of other parameters that co-vary strongly with discharge and that change systematically over time. On the Lower Missouri, long-term records of river gaging measurements, including cross-sectional area, flow velocity, and channel width, have been collected for the past ∼70 years. Equal-discharge analysis of these parameters illustrates the mechanisms of channel change driving flood magnification. At three stations, decreased flow velocity has been the dominant mechanism driving stage changes. At two other stations, constriction in channel cross-sectional area has increased flood stages. These changes in channel geometry and flow dynamics correlate with wing-dam construction and other engineering of the Lower Missouri River, but the changes occur progressively over the duration of record as a gradual and reach-scale re-equilibration of the fluvial system. Magnification of flood stages should be recognized on the Missouri River and incorporated into current estimates of flood hazard and into strategies for river management and flood mitigation in the future.