cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rad22Rad52-dependent repair of ribosomal DNA repeats cleaved by Slx1-Slx4 endonuclease.

Slx1 and Slx4 are subunits of a structure-specific DNA endonuclease that is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other eukaryotic species. It is thought to initiate recombination events or process recombination structures that occur during the replication of the tandem repeats of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus. Here, we present evidence that fission yeast Slx1–Slx4 initiates homologous recombination events in the rDNA repeats that are processed by a mechanism that requires Rad22 (Rad52 homologue) but not Rhp51 (Rad51 homologue). Slx1 is required to generate 50% of the spontaneous Rad22 DNA repair foci that occur in cycling cells. Most of these foci colocalize with the nucleolus, which contains the rDNA repeats. The increased fork pausing at the replication fork barriers in the rDNA repeats in a strain that lacks Rqh1 DNA helicase is further increased by expression of a dominant negative form of Slx1. These data suggest that Slx1–Slx4 cleaves paused replication forks in the rDNA, leading to Rad22-dependent homologous recombination that is used to maintain rDNA copy number.
Neighborhood contexts, fathers, and Mexican American young adolescents’ internalizing symptoms

The family stress model posits that contextual stressors, such as neighborhood danger, negatively influence youth adjustment, including internalizing symptoms, via disruptions in parenting and family processes. The current study examined a culturally and contextually modified family stress model in a diverse sample of Mexican origin fathers and their children (N = 463) from the Southwestern U.S. Results supported the hypothesized negative influence of neighborhood danger on youth internalizing symptoms via disruptions in family cohesion. Paternal warmth did not play a role in linking contextual stress to outcomes. The role of harsh parenting was highly nuanced. Results suggest that both culture and context have the potential to moderate putative family stress model associations for specific parenting behaviors and further our understanding of the ways that culture and context may operate in models of family stress and youth outcomes.
Penalized Principal Component Regression on Graphs for Analysis of Subnetworks

Network models are widely used to capture interactions among component of complex systems, such as social and biological. To understand their behavior, it is often necessary to analyze functionally related components of the system, corresponding to subsystems. Therefore, the analysis of subnetworks may provide additional insight into the behavior of the system, not evident from individual components. We propose a novel approach for incorporating available network information into the analysis of arbitrary subnetworks. The proposed method offers an efficient dimension reduction strategy using Laplacian eigenmaps with Neumann boundary conditions, and provides a flexible inference framework for analysis of subnetworks, based on a group-penalized principal component regression model on graphs. Asymptotic properties of the proposed inference method, as well as the choice of the tuning parameter for control of the false positive rate are discussed in high dimensional settings. The performance of the proposed methodology is illustrated using simulated and real data examples from biology.
Valvular Heart Disease

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can accurately assess cardiac structure and physiology vital in evaluating regurgitant or stenotic valvular heart disease. Its versatility in providing comprehensive anatomical and functional assessment in valvular heart disease stems from its ability to qualitatively and quantitatively measure flow volumes, velocities, and flow fractions in any oblique cardiac plane.
Fast error-correcting circuits for fault-tolerant memory

This work explores the design and analysis of an error-correcting circuit as applied to high density and low latency memories, especially NOR Flash and DRAM. In very high density semiconductor memory products, exhaustive testing and repair procedures are essential to insure the proper operation of every memory location under worst possible conditions and can account for a significant portion of the total production cost. The implementation of error-correcting circuits in conjunction with other currently-used methods for designing more fault-tolerant high density memory could allow for more simplified testing procedures after memory fabrication and significantly reduce the overall cost. Also, error-correcting circuits could increase the reliability of the memory and extend its lifetime. This paper illustrates one possible implementation of error-correcting circuits, in the form of a Hamming decoder. Clocking was accomplished with asynchronous pulse generators to ensure fast cycle times and minimal decoding delay. These circuits were designed to show that error correction can be achieved with minimal additional circuitry, system complexity, power consumption and latency.
From Message to Motivation: Where the Rubber Meets the Road

This special issue of The Gerontologist , “ Promoting Cognitive Health in Diverse Populations of Older Adults, ” represents an important, empirically based contribution to our understanding of how ethnically, culturally, linguistically, and geographically diverse groups think about aging well and brain health. The reports describe a research database to further the development of public health messages targeting diverse groups of older Americans. In addition, the special issue provides information about preferences and practicalities of physical activity programs for older adults with and without cognitive impairment, and identifi es gaps in scientifi c and public knowledge regarding specifi c guidelines for activities to improve cognitive health. The Forum (Anderson et al., 2009) provides a context for the special issue with a review of the current scientifi c literature on public perceptions about cognitive health and dementia in the United States. All the reports identifi ed in this extensive review were cross-sectional studies involving samples of convenience, and most of the studies focused on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia. There was considerable variability in the samples, questions, and data collection methodologies. The review identifi ed common themes in the literature and highlighted recommendations for future research. Most respondents were aware of AD, but they lacked specifi c information about AD and other types of dementia. Defi nitions and perceptions of cognitive health and the meaning of “ memory loss ” varied across studies. Cultural beliefs about memory loss and aging appeared to be important in developing health promotion activities but were largely unexplored in the existing research literature. It is these cultural and individual differences in perceptions of memory loss, cognitive aging, and brain health that were the major foci of this special issue. The Prevention Research Centers Healthy Ag
Kinetic collision detection: algorithms and experiments

Efficient collision detection is important in many robotic tasks, from high-level motion planning in a static environment to low-level reactive behavior in dynamic situations. Specially challenging are problems in which multiple robots are moving among multiple moving obstacles. In this paper we present a number of collision detection algorithms formulated under the kinetic data structures (KDS) framework, a framework for design and analyzing algorithms for objects in motion. The KDS framework leads to event-based algorithms that sample the state of different parts of the system only as often as necessary for the task at hand. Earlier work has demonstrated the theoretical efficiency of KDS algorithms. In this paper we present new algorithms and demonstrate their practical efficiency as well as by an implementable and direct comparison with classical broad and narrow phase collision detection techniques.
LIFE HISTORY TRADE‐OFFS IN A RARE ORCHID: THE COSTS OF FLOWERING, DORMANCY, AND SPROUTING

We tested for life history trade-offs among dormancy, sprouting, and flowering in a seven-year study of a threatened, perennial plant, the small yellow lady's slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus ssp. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fernald). The aboveground states of 629 genets were monitored over seven years in a wet meadow in northeastern Illinois, USA. With mark–recapture statistics, survival, resighting, and stage transitions were calculated among three stage classes of individuals: dormant, vegetative, and flowering. The best-fit and most parsimonious models suggested that (1) survival was constant among years, but varied by stage; (2) dormant individuals suffered significantly higher mortality and were more likely to become dormant in future years than sprouting or flowering individuals; (3) flowering individuals had significantly higher survival and were more likely to flower in the future than sprouting and dormant individuals; and (4) sprouting individuals had a significantly higher stage transition to d...
Palustrine-Lacustrine and Alluvial Facies of the (Norian) Owl Rock Formation (Chinle Group), Four Corners Region, Southwestern U.S.A: Implications for Late Triassic Paleoclimate

ABSTRACT The Upper Triassic (Norian) Owl Rock Formation was deposited in a low-gradient floodbasin at a subtropical paleolatitude. The lower part of the formation consists predominantly of fine-grained siliciclastic lithofacies deposited by sheetflood and sinuous streams on a muddy floodplain during a period of continuous basin aggradation. Nodular calcretes are increasingly mature higher in the formation, suggesting increasingly episodic depositional conditions. The upper part of the formation consists mostly of interbedded fine-grained siliciclastic facies and laterally continuous ledges of limestone and sandstone. The predominant limestone facies has brecciated to peloidal fabrics, spar-filled circumgranular cracks, and root channeling. The subordinate limestone facies displays wavy to irregular argillaceous lamination, desiccation cracks, and oscillation ripples, and is vertically and laterally gradational with the brecciated facies. The upper Owl Rock Formation records deposition of aggrading sequences of alluvial sediments deposited during base-level rise, capped by highstand carbonates deposited in small perennial and ephemeral carbonate lakes and ponds. Base-level lowstand in an overall semiarid climate resulted in extensive pedogenesis of the limestone and laterally equivalent alluvial facies. Basin wide variations in base level are interpreted as resulting from climatic fluctuations. This depositional model is consistent with an interpreted trend towards aridification on the Colorado Plateau during the Late Triassic as Pangea drifted northward from one climate zone to another.
Epithelial planar polarity in the developing Drosophila eye

Experiments with the insect ectoderm have suggested that planar polarity in epithelia results from the local orientation of cells to the slope of a gradient of positional information. Here we show that planar polarity in the Drosophila eye is inverted when the morphogenetic wave that sweeps through the presumptive retinal epithelium is induced to move in the reverse direction. We suggest that the movement of the morphogenetic wave may be causal in establishing the planar polarity of this epithelium. SUMMARY
The Emperor Has No Clothes: The Limits of OPEC in the Global Oil Market

Most scholars and policymakers believe OPEC can and does influence the price of oil by acting as a cartel. This paper argues that most of the conventional wisdom about OPEC is wrong. OPEC rarely if ever influences the oil production rate in its member states. Further, OPEC has almost no lasting impact on world prices, except under rare conditions. There was one occasion on which OPEC did have a significant impact on world oil prices, namely the 1973 oil crisis, but OPEC’s role in the event has been greatly misunderstood. The circumstances of the crisis were highly exceptional, making it unlikely that the organization could ever have a similar impact on world oil prices again. This paper seeks to correct the misunderstanding about OPEC’s role, and replace it with a better understanding of the organization. I argue that OPEC is dysfunctional as a cartel, as it has little or no causal impact on its members’ choices about production levels or investment in production capacity. OPEC’s role is obscured in part by the complexity of the world oil market, and in part by misdirection by policymakers, especially within OPEC. Many scholars, especially economists, have argued that OPEC should be understood as a cartel designed to solve a Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) coordination game. Yet OPEC’s persistence is better understood as a widespread failure to update beliefs about the organization, a failure that is driven by information asymmetry and politics. The fact that such a widespread belief about the world’s most important commodity market could be wrong can help us better understand international regimes.
Gastric parietal cell secretory membrane contains PKA- and acid-activated Kir2.1 K+ channels

Our objective was to identify and localize a K+ channel involved in gastric HCl secretion at the parietal cell secretory membrane and to characterize and compare the functional properties of native...
A plausible mechanism for genome plasticity: lessons from parasitic wasps

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 4419 Polydnaviruses are chromosomally incorporated and released via gene excision in parasitic wasps of the Ichneumonidae and Braconidae families. In this study, we utilized bioinformatics analysis and molecular biology methods to explore the possible existence of the ancestral hymenoptera gene excision mechanism in the human genome, as a plausible underlying mechanism of genome plasticity in oncogenesis. It was hypothesized that this mechanism of gene excision associated with polydnaviruses could be conserved amongst eukaryotic organisms. This hypothesis was tested in silico by comparisons of the recombinase binding site sequences of Cotesia congregata (3’: TTATTCAAAAAGCT; 5’: CAATCAAAAAAGCT) with the human genome using the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s BLAST Search and MapViewer Tool. The Ensembl Genome Browser and GeneCards were then employed to explore protein-encoding genes near potential sites. BLAST results indicate a high frequency of the excision sequences within the human genome. Though located over five megabasepairs apart, the most probable combination of 3’ and 5’ DRJ Cotesia congregata EP1 recombinase binding sites is located at 5: 160,949,945-160,949,958 and 5: 166,310,295-166,310,308 respectively. Disrupted genes upon potential excision include gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABRA6, GABRG2), cyclin G1(CCNG1), hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), and methionine adenosyltransferase II (MAT2B). Of particular interest is the cyclin-dependent protein kinases regulator gene cyclin G1, which has been found to be inducible by tumor protein p53 and has been associated with a plethora of cancers, including, retinoblastoma, malignant lymphoma, and hematopoietic neoplasms. Furthermore, despite the genetic distance between all potential pairs of 5’ and 3’ excision sites, the sheer number of present homologs is suggestive that analogous polydnaviral excision mechanisms could be viable within the human genome. The confirmation of such a genetically disruptive mechanism would be the next step to understanding innumerable oncogeneses. Continuing research employs molecular biology to examine the ability of human cancerous cells to excise or incorporate polydnaviral DNA. Current plans focus on molecular manipulation of Hyposoter didymator cells containing polydnavirus ichnovirus in combination with ovarian cancer cells in further investigation of the hypothesized presence of similar DNA excision mechanisms in humans.
Optimization of Spirulina sp. Drying in Heat Pump: Effects on the Physicochemical Properties and Color Parameters

The aim of this work was to optimize the drying operation of Spirulina sp. using the heat pump to dehumidify the air. An experimental design using the drying air temperature (30, 40 and 50C) and the initial sample thickness (1, 3 and 5 mm) was performed. The responses were the physicochemical properties and the color parameters of the dried microalgae. The air temperature presented the highest effect on the phycocyanin content, while the sample thickness showed the highest influence on the other responses. The optimal operating conditions for the heat pump drying of Spirulina sp. were at air drying temperature of 50C and sample thickness of 5 mm. The phycocyanin content, total antioxidant activity and color difference were found to be 19.60 mg/g, 52.6% and 5.71, respectively. Thermograms (differential scanning calorimetry) showed that under these conditions, the product showed the highest thermal stability. Practical Applications The culture of Spirulina sp. is attractive for various commercial purposes, such as nutritional supplement for humans and animals and supply of active metabolites in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The conventional tray drying is a traditional method that is used in the microalgae drying. However, the heat pump drying enables operation in lower temperatures than the traditionally used in convective hot air drying. This operation occurs in moderate conditions of temperature and humidity due to air dehumidification, leading to retention of bioactive compounds in products that are heat sensitive. Therefore, the use of heat pump dryer for the production of dried Spirulina should be promising to preserve its phytochemicals and physical characteristics. The benefits of heat pump drying have been shown in different studies in the literature, but there are no reports about its use in Spirulina drying and its influence on the physicochemical and functional characteristics.
Prediction of Bound-Rubber Modulus by Clausius—Mossotti Approximation

L'approximation de Clausius-Mossotti a ete utilisee pour determiner le module du caoutchouc lie, attache au noir de carbone dans une gomme elastomere/noir de carbone
Excretion of coxsackie virus (Conn. No. 5 strain) in the urine of infected mice.

ConclusionInfant mice infected with the Conn. No. 5 strain of Coxsackie virus eliminate virus in the urine. The infectious titer of urine obtained on the 2nd day after intraperitoneal inoculation is 10-5,6. Adult mice with pancreatic disease caused by Conn. No. 5 virus may also excrete virus in the urine.
Field efficacy and persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) for control of sweetpotato weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae) in southern Florida.

The entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (All, S17, and S20 strains), S. feltiae (Filipjev) (= S. bibionis) (N27 strain), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (HP88 strain), and Heterorhabditis sp. (Bacardis strain) were evaluated as biological control agents of the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.), during two consecutive growing seasons in southern Florida. Two strains, S17 and S20, were genetically selected over 17 and 20 generations, respectively, for enhanced finding of the host scarab Popillia japonica Newman. Steinernematid nematodes were applied as aqueous suspensions. The heterorhabditid nematodes, tested only in the second year, were applied using cadavers of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), infected with these nematodes. Abundance and damage of weevils differed among nematode treatments. In the first experiment, S. carpocapsae All and S17 were most efficacious at reducing weevil damage and produced the highest percentages of marketable roots. In the second experiment, the heterorhabditid nematode, HP88, was most efficacious at reducing weevil damage to storage roots. All of the steinernematids, except S20 applied at a high rate (7.9 billion infective juveniles per ha), produced comparable percentages of marketable roots but were less efficacious than HP88. In the first experiment, S. carpocapsae All and S17 persisted poorly, whereas S. feltiae N27 persisted for >160 d after application. In the second experiment, most nematodes were recovered at moderate levels for >120 d after application; however, only Heterorhabditis sp. Bacardis was consistently recovered at high levels for >230 d after application.
Estimating Eighth Nerve Survival by Electrical Stimulation

Determining nerve survival is important in selecting patients for cochlear implants, and in predicting outcomes from such implants. In search of a possible method we deliberately destroyed nerve fibers (ganglion cells) in 17 cat cochleas to produce a range of degenerations Months later, we electrically stimulated these ears (and seven controls) and recorded electrical ABR input-output functions. Cats with no surviving ganglion cells showed no ABR activity. Cats with 5%–10% surviving cells had ABRs which typically had normal thresholds but decreased input-output functions. The suprathreshold slopes of these input-output functions reliably predicted ganglion cell survival for all degrees of degeneration. Thus perceptual (or electrical) threshold is a poor indicator of nerve survival. Loudness growth (or growth in the electrically-induced auditory brainstem response) is a good index of surviving ganglion cells.
The Earliest American Books on General Bacteriology: 1880 to 1892: A growing interest in microbiology led to a distinctive surge in American books on general bacteriology published during the late 19th century

A Manual of Bacteriology (1892) by George M. Sternberg is considered the first book by an American to cover bacteriology comprehensively. Its size and scope certainly justify this distinction. The book “instantly became the standard reference in bacteriology,” wrote Patricia Peck Gossel, a former chairman of the division of Science, Medicine, and Society at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.
Exploring Client Expectations in Marriage and Family Therapy

Expectations influence experiences and are an important factor in interpersonal exchanges. Within therapy, client expectations are a common factor contributing to client change. It is important for...
Research Digest: Field Validation of Biokinetic Coefficients for Predicting Degradation of Organic Compounds

This research was the first significant demonstration of an extant respirometric test to determine the biodegradation rate parameters (biokinetics) of select individual organic compounds at full scale wastewater treatment plants. Extant kinetics were measured at five different municipal and industrial activated sludge systems. The respirograms were well correlated with actual analytical measurements of compound disappearance for ethylene glycol and acetone. Furfural respirograms revealed differential rates of oxygen consumption, indicative of the formation of an intermediate compound which was identified as furoic acid in subsequent analysis. A calibration procedure was developed to assess the competent biomass concentration, since the COD fraction tended to underestimate the degrading fraction for two of the four test compounds. Acetone, for instance, had a measured influent COD fraction of 0.08%, and the actual competent fraction was estimated to be 2.3% based on the model calibration. Once the competent biomass concentration was determined, extant kinetic parameters were subsequently used to predict activated sludge system performance. Predicted effluent concentrations were within 2, 5, and 16% of the average measured concentrations for acetone, linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, and furfural, respectively. Day to day predictions for these compounds were less accurate, possibly due to the non-steady state nature of the activated sludge systems studied. Alkyl sulfate (AS) was not predicted well with respect to the percentage difference between predicted and measured concentrations. However, the overall mass difference was small (4.2 μgCOD/L predicted versus 0.82 μgCOD/L measured). The sub part per billion measured concentrations for AS were at least a magnitude of order lower than any of the other target compound concentrations. One of the surprising findings of the study was that the variability in kinetic parameter values was no more than typically observed in laboratory activated sludge reactors operated at steady-state. The dynamic operating nature and varying influent concentrations resulted in the maximum standard deviations for furfural at the Cedar Rapids Water Pollution Control Facility (standard deviations were 54 and 79% of the average values of and KS, respectively). From these results, a sampling and testing period of 8 to 10 tests over a three month period is recommended to accurately characterize the biodegradation performance of an activated sludge system with respect to specific organic compounds in the influent. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843396307 (eBook)
Electron-Beam Lithography of Ultra-Submicron Devices

In the ultra-submicron device area, in which individual feature sizes can be as small as a few tens of nanometers and comparable to the inelastic mean free path of the electrons, many novel new concepts arise. These can include ballistic transport and cooperative effects such as Bloch oscillations. In this paper, we discuss the use of high resolution electron-beam lithography for the fabrication of such ultra-submicron devices. The appearance of ballistic transport in MESFETs and of the possible Bloch oscillations in suitably prepared surface superlattices will be discussed.
The Mean and Variance of a Tracer Curve

Consider a vessel of volume V [m3] and a volumetric flow rate v [m3/s] of fluid in and out of the vessel.
Current Management of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures: A Multidisciplinary Survey and Literature Review.

Despite the prevalence of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures, there is no consensus regarding the best approach to management. The aim of this study is to determine differences in ZMC fracture treatment among various surgical specialties. A survey was conducted regarding treatment of patients with different ZMC fractures that included a minimally displaced fracture (Case 1), a displaced fracture without diplopia (Case 2), a displaced fracture with diplopia (Case 3), and a complex comminuted fracture (Case 4). The survey was distributed to members of plastic surgery, oral maxillofacial surgery, and otolaryngology societies. The rates of surgical treatment, exploration of the orbital floor, and plating three or more buttresses were analyzed among the specialties. A total of 173 surgeons participated (46 plastic and reconstructive surgeons, 25 oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and 102 otolaryngologists). In Case 1, a significantly higher percentage of plastic surgeons recommend an operation ( p p p p Conclusion There is no consensus on standard treatment of ZMC fractures, as made evident by the survey. Significant variability in fracture type warrants an individualized approach to management. A thorough review on ZMC fracture management is provided.
Women and Change in the Caribbean, edited by Janet H. Momsen. Kingston: Ian Randle; Bloomington: Indiana University Press; London: Currey, 1993

Women and Change in the Caribbean , edited by Janet H. Momsen. Kingston: Ian Randle; Bloomington: Indiana University Press; London: Currey, 1993. x, 320 pp. Reviewed by Marietta Morrissey , Professor and Chair, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.
Planning Time to Think: Metareasoning for On-Line Planning with Durative Actions

When minimizing makespan during off-line planning, the fastest action sequence to reach a particular state is, by definition, preferred. When trying to reach a goal quickly in on-line planning, previous work has inherited that assumption: the faster of two paths that both reach the same state is usually considered to dominate the slower one. In this short paper, we point out that, when planning happens concurrently with execution, selecting a slower action can allow additional time for planning, leading to better plans. We present Slo'RTS, a metareasoning planning algorithm that estimates whether the expected improvement in future decision-making from this increased planning time is enough to make up for the increased duration of the selected action. Using simple benchmarks, we show that Slo'RTS can yield shorter time-to-goal than a conventional planner. This generalizes previous work on metareasoning in on-line planning and highlights the inherent uncertainty present in an on-line setting.
Advances in Fungal Phylogenomics and Their Impact on Fungal Systematics

In the past decade, advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines for phylogenomic analysis have led to remarkable progress in fungal systematics and taxonomy. A number of long-standing questions have been addressed using comparative analysis of genome sequence data, resulting in robust multigene phylogenies. These have added to, and often surpassed traditional morphology or single-gene phylogenetic methods. In this chapter, we provide a brief history of fungal systematics and highlight some examples to demonstrate the impact of phylogenomics on this field. We conclude by discussing some of the challenges and promises in fungal biology posed by the ongoing genomics revolution.
Reaching the end of the line: Operational issues with implementing phone-based unannounced pill counts in resource-limited settings.

INTRODUCTION Accurate measurement of adherence is necessary to ensure that therapeutic outcomes can be attributed to the recommended treatment. Phone-based unannounced pill counts were shown to be feasible and reliable measures of adherence in developed settings; and have been further used as part of medication adherence interventions. However, it is not clear whether this method can be implemented successfully in resource-limited settings, where cellular network and mobile phone coverage may be low. Our objective is to describe operational issues surrounding the use of phone-based unannounced pill counts in Lesotho and Ethiopia. METHODS Phone-based monthly unannounced pill counts, using an adaptation of a standardized protocol from previous US-based studies, were utilized to measure anti-TB and antiretroviral medication adherence in two implementation science studies in resource-limited settings, START (Lesotho) and ENRICH (Ethiopia). RESULTS In START, 19.6% of calls were completed, with 71.9% of participants reached at least once; majority of failed call attempts were due to phones not being available (54.8%) or because participants were away from the pills (32.7%). In ENRICH, 33.5% of calls were completed, with 86.7% of participants reached at least once; the main reasons for failed call attempts were phones being switched off (31.5%), participants not answering (27.3%), participants' discomfort speaking on the phone (15.4%), and network problems (13.2%). Structural, facility-level, participant-level, and data collection challenges were encountered in these settings. DISCUSSION Phone-based unannounced pill counts were found to be challenging, and response rates suboptimal. While some of these challenges were specific to local contexts, most of them are generalizable to resource-limited settings. In a research study context, a possible solution to ease operational challenges may be to focus phone-based unannounced pill count efforts on a randomly selected sample from participants who are provided with study phones and rigorously ensure that call attempts are made for these participants.
Metagenomics-guided analysis of microbial chemolithoautotrophic phosphite oxidation yields evidence of a seventh natural CO2 fixation pathway

Dissimilatory phosphite oxidation (DPO), a microbial metabolism by which phosphite (HPO32-) is oxidized to phosphate (PO43-), is the most energetically favorable chemotrophic electron-donating process known. Only one DPO organism has been described to date, and little is known about the environmental relevance of this metabolism. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene community analysis and genome-resolved metagenomics to characterize anaerobic wastewater treatment sludge enrichments performing DPO coupled to CO2 reduction. We identified an uncultivated DPO bacterium, Candidatus Phosphitivorax (Ca. P.) anaerolimi strain Phox-21, that belongs to candidate order GW-28 within the Deltaproteobacteria, which has no known cultured isolates. Genes for phosphite oxidation and for CO2 reduction to formate were found in the genome of Ca. P. anaerolimi, but it appears to lack any of the known natural carbon fixation pathways. These observations led us to propose a metabolic model for autotrophic growth by Ca. P. anaerolimi whereby DPO drives CO2 reduction to formate, which is then assimilated into biomass via the reductive glycine pathway.
A mutual-aid group for Latino and Latina adolescent survivors of parental intimate partner violence

This qualitative study explores the perceptions of Latino and Latina adolescent survivors of parental intimate partner violence (IPV) who participated in mutual-aid groups. Two focus groups were conducted. Data were analyzed utilizing a grounded theory approach. Five conceptual themes arose including: (a) feelings about the parental intimate partner violence; (b) reflections about group activities that helped them cope with the violence at home; (c) the role of the group in enabling a safe home away from home; (d) the impact of the Latino culture on adolescent survivors of parental IPV and (e) adolescent post-group experiences. Findings indicated that overall the group experience was overwhelmingly positive. It helped the adolescents decrease feelings of depression, isolation, improved self-esteem and was empowering. Implications for social workers include utilization of mutual aid groups with Latino/a adolescent survivors of parental IPV. Keywords: mutual-aid groups, domestic violence groups, Latino and Latina adolescents, survivors of parental intimate partner violence, undocumented immigrants, resilience theory; groupwork; group work
Genital vibration for sexual function and enhancement: best practice recommendations for choosing and safely using a vibrator

Vibrators are an evidence-based treatment for a variety of sexual dysfunctions and sexual enhancement; however, the use of a genital vibrator lacks best practice recommendations. This aim of this article is to provide current, best practice recommendations regarding the use of vibratory stimulation for the treatment of sexual dysfunction and/or sexual or relationship enhancement. A multidisciplinary team of sexual health specialists collaborated to develop best practice recommendations based on a narrative literature review. Recommendations for the use of vibratory stimulation for the treatment of sexual dysfunction are provided, with special attention to counseling patients on choosing and safely using a vibrator. Further study is needed to determine the most effective methods to counsel patients on vibrator use and to provide evidence-based cleaning recommendations.
Extreme re-listening: Songs people love . . . and continue to love:

Despite the lack of surprise each time they listen to their favorite song, people re-listen to these songs many times. We explored “extreme re-listening” by conducting a survey about the song to wh...
Complete Genome Sequence of a Deletion Mutant of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying the toxin genes pirA and pirB causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp. A genome sequence of V. parahaemolyticus strain R13 was determined that showed deletions of the entire pirA gene and the 5ʹ end of the pirB gene and does not cause the disease in experimental challenge.
Handcuffs in Schools: Do School Resource Officers Fill a Role in Special Education?:

When students with disabilities become agitated and physically aggressive, school resource officers (SROs) are often called to assist. This article addresses the question, “What is the role of the ...
Increasing Anti-Tobacco Industry Attitudes Among Youth: A Pilot Study of a Multiplayer Educational Board Game

Objective An anti-tobacco educational board game, Smoke Stacks, was designed to engage youth in critical thinking regarding marketing practices of tobacco companies and tobacco's harmful effects. A pilot study was conducted to examine whether playing this theoretically informed that board game increased knowledge about tobacco use and negative attitudes toward tobacco companies, and decreased behavioral intentions to use tobacco. Materials and methods Sixty-seven teenagers aged 14-18 participated in the game assessment. Pre-/postevaluation methods were used to assess change in participant attitudes, knowledge, and intentions following gameplay. Results Compared to baseline, participants reported substantially increased self-perceived knowledge of the health effects of tobacco (P = 0.001) and were significantly more likely to agree that tobacco companies encourage young people to start smoking (P = 0.001), and that tobacco companies deny that cigarettes cause cancer and other diseases (P = 0.002). Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates that youth who played Smoke Stacks gained perceived knowledge and increased negative attitudes toward tobacco company tactics for encouraging smoking and discounting potential health risks of cigarettes.
Abstract WP358: Lightning Fast Stroke Treatment: Recognition Makes a Difference

Background: For acute ischemic stroke patients, reduced door-to-needle (DTN) times are associated with better clinical outcomes. Our Stroke Center evaluated DTN time for thrombolysis cases since 20...
3D range data compression with a virtual fringe projection system

This paper presents our recent research on 3D range data compression using the virtual fringe projection techniques. Specifically, the virtual fringe projection system converts arbitrary 3D object into one single red, green, and blue (RGB) color image that can be further compressed using standard image compression techniques. Since the virtual fringe projection system can be ideal (e.g., no ambient lighting, no surface reflectivity variations, perfect tele-centric lens), making it convenient to apply algorithms that is difficult to be realized in a practical fringe projection system. For example, only using three fringe patterns, pixel by pixel absolute phase can be calculated without adopting a global fringe analysis techniques (e.g., Fourier transform). We will demonstrate that extremely high compression ratios can be easily achieved with the proposed method.
Following Foucault: the trail of the fox

‘What does Foucault help us to understand? When does he mislead us? How can we go beyond Foucault, travelling farther on paths he opened up for us?’ (Richards, 2018, 15) This line of inquiry frames...
Prevalence of Biologically vs Clinically Defined Alzheimer Spectrum Entities Using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association Research Framework.

Importance A National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) workgroup recently published a research framework in which Alzheimer disease is defined by neuropathologic or biomarker evidence of β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles and not by clinical symptoms. Objectives To estimate the sex- and age-specific prevalence of 3 imaging biomarker–based definitions of the Alzheimer disease spectrum from the NIA-AA research framework and to compare these entities with clinically defined diagnostic entities commonly linked with Alzheimer disease. Design, Setting, and Participants The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) is a population-based cohort study of cognitive aging in Olmsted County, Minnesota. The MCSA in-person participants (n = 4660) and passively ascertained (ie, through the medical record rather than in-person) individuals with dementia (n = 553) aged 60 to 89 years were included. Subsets underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) (n = 1524) or both amyloid and tau PET (n = 576). Therefore, this study included 3 nested cohorts examined between November 29, 2004, and June 5, 2018. Data were analyzed between February 19, 2018, and March 26, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The sex- and age-specific prevalence of the following 3 biologically defined diagnostic entities was estimated: Alzheimer continuum (abnormal amyloid regardless of tau status), Alzheimer pathologic change (abnormal amyloid but normal tau), and Alzheimer disease (abnormal amyloid and tau). These were compared with the prevalence of 3 clinically defined diagnostic groups (mild cognitive impairment or dementia, dementia, and clinically defined probable Alzheimer disease). Results The median (interquartile range) age was 77 (72-83) years in the clinical cohort (n = 5213 participants), 77 (70-83) years in the amyloid PET cohort (n = 1524 participants), and 77 (69-83) years in the tau PET cohort (n = 576 participants). There were roughly equal numbers of women and men. The prevalence of all diagnostic entities (biological and clinical) increased rapidly with age, with the exception of Alzheimer pathologic change. The prevalence of biological Alzheimer disease was greater than clinically defined probable Alzheimer disease for women and men. Among women, these values were 10% (95% CI, 6%-14%) vs 1% (95% CI, 1%-1%) at age 70 years and 33% (95% CI, 25%-41%) vs 10% (95% CI, 9%-12%) at age 85 years (P Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that biologically defined Alzheimer disease is more prevalent than clinically defined probable Alzheimer disease at any age and is 3 times more prevalent at age 85 years among both women and men. This difference is mostly driven by asymptomatic individuals with biological Alzheimer disease. These findings illustrate the magnitude of the consequences on public health that potentially exist by intervening with disease-specific treatments to prevent symptom onset.
Chelation with a twist: a bifunctional chelator to enable room temperature radiolabeling and targeted PET imaging with scandium-44

Scandium-44 has emerged as an attractive, novel PET radioisotope with ideal emission properties and half-life (t1/2 = 3.97 h, Emean β+ = 632 keV) well matched to the pharmacokinetics of small molecules, peptides and small biologics. Conjugates of the current gold-standard chelator for 44Sc, 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), require heating to achieve radiochemical complexation, limiting application of this isotope in conjunction with temperature-sensitive biologics. To establish Sc(III) isotopes as broadly applicable tools for nuclear medicine, development of alternative bifunctional chelators is required. To address this need, we characterized the Sc(III)-chelation properties of the small-cavity triaza-macrocycle-based, picolinate-functionalized chelator H3mpatcn. Spectroscopic and radiochemical studies establish the [Sc(mpatcn)] complex as kinetically inert and appropriate for biological applications. A proof-of-concept bifunctional conjugate targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), picaga-DUPA, chelates 44Sc to form 44Sc(picaga)-DUPA at room temperature with an apparent molar activity of 60 MBq μmol−1 and formation of inert RRR-Λ and SSS-Δ-twist isomers. Sc(picaga)-DUPA exhibits a Ki of 1.6 nM for PSMA, comparable to the 18F-based imaging probe DCFPyL (Ki = 1.1 nM) currently in phase 3 clinical trials for imaging prostate cancer. Finally, we successfully employed 44Sc(picaga)-DUPA to image PSMA-expressing tumors in a preclinical mouse model, establishing the picaga bifunctional chelator as an optimal choice for the 44Sc PET nuclide.
Immune Effector Cell Associated Neurotoxicity (ICANS) Among Pediatric and AYA Patients: MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience

Introduction Immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity (ICANS) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) are unique potentially life-threatening complications associated with immune effector cell (IEC) therapies. ICANS presents with varying symptoms ranging from confusion to seizure and cerebral edema. There is no consensus on the precise pathophysiology related to ICANS. The incidence of this toxicity may vary based on the specific product, underlying diagnosis and host factors. Here, we characterize ICANS in pediatric and adult young adolescent (AYA) patients receiving IEC therapy at our institution. Methods We reviewed clinical characteristics, neurological severity and outcomes in pediatric and AYA patients who received IEC standard of care products from 2018-2019 at MDACC. Severity was retrospectively assessed based on ASTCT Consensus Criteria. Results Nine patients, median age 15.5 (range: 3-25) years received standard of care, chimeric antigen receptor (CART) IEC therapy. The primary diagnoses were pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n=8) and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (n=1). Of these patients, 4 (44%) developed ICANS within a median of 8 (range: 3-27) days of CAR T cell infusion. ICANS was associated with CRS in all affected patients, occurring within a median of 6 (range: 2-7) days after CRS. Median CRS and ICANS severity grade was 2 (range 1-4) in all 9 patients. Symptoms included altered mental status (AMS) (5), seizure (1), aphasia (2), impaired ability to write a standard sentence (4). Neuroimaging did not correlate to ICANS symptoms or severity. EEG was obtained in 3 affected patients but only correlated to background slowing in one with aphasia. Lumbar puncture was performed in 2 patients with ICANS and was remarkable for lymphocytosis. All patients had received prophylactic anti-epileptic medication. All patients received tocilizumab for concomitant CRS and 3 received steroids. Conclusion Almost half of pediatric patients receiving standard of care CART products may experience ICANS within one week CAR T cell infusion that is associated with CRS. Pleocytosis in the CSF may be due to CAR-T trafficking into the CSF and prospective studies may clarify its significance. Impaired ability to write a standard sentence and the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) may be early indicators of ICANS in pediatric/AYA patients.
Educating for Social Change Through Art: A Personal Reckoning

The state of the world keeps me up at night, questioning my role as a social justice educator. I think with, through, and around what social change means. Reflecting on my practice, I have followed...
Multiple harmonic conversion of pulsed CO 2 laser radiation in Ti 3 AsSe 3

The near-infrared region is of importance in areas such as photochemistry, optical communications, and optical pumping; yet it remains relatively uncovered by strong coherent sources of radiation. The CO2 laser is an efficient and tunable source of mid-IR radiation, and as a result frequency conversion of CO2 lasers in nonlinear materials is an attractive method for generating new IR sources. Thallium arsenic selenide (TI3AsSe3) (TAS) is a birefringent ternary chalcogenide salt with many properties that are useful for CO2 harmonic generation. It is a member of the space group R3m, possesses a large nonlinear coefficient (deff = 40 X 10−12 m/V), has a fairly high damage threshold (1.7 J/cm2), and is transparent and phase-matchable throughout the IR. Under type I phase matching, high second harmonic conversion efficiencies of CO2 laser radiation have been measured in the present study, and conversion of the CO2 fundamental into its third, fourth, and fifth harmonic has been achieved for the first time.