cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Off-lattice radial Eden cluster growth in two and three dimensions

An off-lattice Eden cluster growth model is introduced and implemented in two and three dimensions, using both a flat substrate with periodic boundary conditions and a radial geometry. Large-scale simulations are conducted to investigate the kinetic roughening. In the radial geometry, both the origin and center of mass are used to measure surface width, and growth exponent estimates in two dimensions verify previous findings that the choice of origin or center of mass does affect the growth exponent. The growth exponent for the surface of the off-lattice radial clusters in three dimensions is found to be approximately . The results are used to discuss the universality of the self-affine scaling of three-dimensional Eden growth in both flat substrate and radial geometries.
International product positioning: An illustration using perceptual mapping techniques

Abstract In their recent work, Ries and Trout (1993) have attributed many market failures to marketers inaccurate assumption that they are fighting a product battle based on reality. They urge marketers to adjust their positioning practices by considering marketing as a battle of perceptions-consumers' perceptions. While this topic has attracted much attention both among academics and practitioners in the domestic market, little work has been done to suggest how this line of thinking can be applied in an international context. This study illustrates the application of perceptual mapping to help marketers formulate positioning strategies for consumer nondurables (deodorants) across country markets (US and Mexico).
The Ultraviolet Spectrum of Triton from HST: First Results

Abstract We report on the first Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectra of Neptune's largest satellite, Triton. The spectra were taken on 16-17 May 1992 by the HST Faint Object Spectrograph. They span the region 2220-3278 A. This overlaps IUE spectra of Triton we obtained, 2700-3100 A, and penetrates the region from 2220 to 2550 A for the first time. The derived 2800-A albedo confirms IUE results made in 1988 and 1989 at nearly the same orbital phase. Among the findings reached in this first analysis of HST Triton spectra is that the higher S/N of the HST data relative to previous IUE results reveals, for the first time, that Triton's UV reflectivity slope flattens and is no longer red below ∼2850 A.
Interactions between geomorphology and ecosystem processes in travertine streams: Implications for decommissioning a dam on Fossil Creek, Arizona

Travertine deposits of calcium carbonate can dominate channel geomorphology in streams where travertine deposition creates a distinct morphology characterized by travertine terraces, steep waterfalls, and large pools. Algae and microorganisms can facilitate travertine deposition, but how travertine affects material and energy flow in stream ecosystems is less well understood. Nearly a century of flow diversion for hydropower production has decimated the natural travertine formations in Fossil Creek, Arizona. The dam will be decommissioned in 2005. Returning carbonate-rich spring water to the natural stream channel should promote travertine deposition. How will the recovery of travertine affect the ecology of the creek? To address this question, we compared primary production, decomposition, and the abundance and diversity of invertebrates and fish in travertine and riffle/run reaches of Fossil Creek, Arizona. We found that travertine supports higher primary productivity, faster rates of leaf litter decomposition, and higher species richness of the native invertebrate assemblage. Observations from snorkeling in the stream indicate that fish density is also higher in the travertine reach. We postulate that restoring travertine to Fossil Creek will increase stream productivity, rates of litter processing, and energy flow up the food web. Higher aquatic productivity could fundamentally shift the nature of the stream from a sink to a source of energy for the surrounding terrestrial landscape.
Local Corporatism and Rural Enterprises in China's Reform

'Local corporatism' has been identified as a major factor in the rapid growth of the Chinese economy. The institutional environment, ownership, political and social factors operate along with economic factors in explaining local cor poratism and differences in the degree of corporatism of collective and private enterprises with local governments. The differences lead to the distinction between collective and private enterprises in terms of organizational character istics. This is confirmed by data from 132 rural enterprises in China.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Androgens and Hypertension

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition of ovarian dysfunction that affects 6% to 10% of women of reproductive age. The hallmarks of PCOS are menstrual cycle irregularities, androgen excess, and polycystic ovaries, as defined by the Rotterdam Consensus on Diagnostic Criteria for PCOS. Most women also exhibit elevated luteinizing hormone/follicular-stimulating hormone ratios but normal levels of estradiol. In addition, many women with PCOS are obese, and Ehrmann et al1 reported recently that 33.4% of US women with PCOS exhibit symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, such as increased hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, although this percentage varies depending on the cohort studied. Frequently these young women exhibit hypertension as well. Despite the list of characteristics that typically accompany PCOS, the exact mechanism(s) responsible for hypertension in women with PCOS is controversial. Many of the symptoms associated with PCOS have been shown to also be associated with increases in blood pressure, such as increases in body mass index and the presence of metabolic syndrome, with its accompanying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Whether androgens contribute to the hypertension in women with PCOS has not been shown previously. In the current issue of Hypertension , Chen et al2 attempt to dissect the role that androgens may play in mediating the hypertension in young women with PCOS. Their studies were performed in a cohort of Taiwanese women, with an average age of 24 years. …
Microbial species richness of equine fecal microflora in horses challenged with antibiotics

s / Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 33 (2013) 321-399 331 preference [1], and adult horses demonstrated a weak preference [2]. Clear individual preferences were displayed, as three horses rejected any treatment whereas two horses showed only a minimal level of preference. Given that the horses favoured CA over S, and CA+S was consumed at a level of intake equal to CA, this suggests that CA masked sweet solution. Tastes that increase feed or water intake are important where consumption of nutrients is required although not preferred by the animal. This may be beneficial in nutritional, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical research, as well as in the use of operant conditioning. Similar studies using more horses and more flavours may be beneficial.
Fate, dissipation and environmental effects of pesticides in southern forests: A review of a decade of research progress

Ten years of watershed-scale research has been conducted on the fate of forestry-use pesticides in forested catchments under mainly operational conditions throughout the southern United States. Studies have evaluated chemicals such as hexazinone, picloram, sulfometuron methyl, metsulfuron methyl, azinphosmethyl, triclopyr, carbofuran, lindane, malathion, fenvalerate, copper-chromium-arsenic, and pentachlorophenol. Off-site movement in stream flow, leaching to ground water, and thermal combustion have been examined. Model verifications of pesticide fate and dissipation and risk analyses have been conducted using simulation models such as GLEAMS, CREAMS, and PRZM. Field study data indicate that movement is controlled by the main hydrologic pathways (e.g., surface runoff, infiltration, interflow, and leaching below the root zone). Peak residue concentrations tend to be low (< 500 μg/L), except where direct applications are made to perennial streams or to ephemeral channels, and where buffer strips are not used and do not persist for extended periods of time. Indirect effects noted from the use of pesticides in forested watersheds include temporarily increased nitrate nitrogen losses, reduced sediment yields, temporal changes in terrestrial invertebrate abundance, reduced plant diversity, and changes in particulate organic matter transport in streams. Very limited cumulative effects research has been conducted. The effects of increasing watershed size on herbicide concentrations and the impact of nonforestry pesticides on fish have been examined. Analyses conducted in regional environmental impact statements indicate that the low concentrations and short persistence of forestry pesticides in surface and ground water do not pose a significant risk to water quality, aquatic biota, or human health.
A Checklist of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) Holdings of the Fernando de Zayas Collection, Havana, Cuba

A checklist is presented of the cerambycid (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) holdings of the Fernando de Zayas Collection, La Habana, Cuba. The size, importance, and condition of the collection are discussed.
Mutants in the ADP-ribosyltransferase Cleft of Cholera Toxin Lack Diarrheagenicity but Retain Adjuvanticity

Cholera toxin (CT), the most commonly used mucosal adjuvant in experimental animals, is unsuitable for humans because of potent diarrhea-inducing properties. We have constructed two CT-A subunit mutants, e.g., serine-->phenylalanine at position 61 (S61F), and glutamic acid-->lysine at 112 (E112K) by site-directed mutagenesis. Neither mutant CT (mCT), in contrast to native CT (nCT), induced adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation, cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation, or fluid accumulation in ligated mouse ileal loops. Both mCTs retained adjuvant properties, since mice given ovalbumin (OVA) subcutaneously with mCTs or nCT, but not OVA alone developed high-titered serum anti-OVA immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (Abs) which were largely of IgG1 and IgG2b subclasses. Although nCT induced brisk IgE Ab responses, both mCTs elicited lower anti-OVA IgE Abs. OVA-specific CD4+ T cells were induced by nCT and by mCTs, and quantitative analysis of secreted cytokines and mRNA revealed a T helper cell 2 (Th2)-type response. These results now show that the toxic properties of CT can be separated from adjuvanticity, and the mCTs induce Ab responses via a Th2 cell pathway.
Induced corneal astigmatism after macular translocation surgery with scleral infolding

Abstract Objective To document the corneal astigmatism that occurs with macular translocation after scleral infolding surgery. Design Retrospective case series of a nonrandomized clinical trial. Participants Eight consecutive age-related macular degeneration patients (eight eyes) with choroidal neovascularization who underwent macular translocation with scleral infolding at the Duke University Eye Center from December 1998 through October 1999. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of eight consecutive patients who underwent macular translocation surgery involving scleral infolding in the superotemporal quadrant. Two patients subsequently underwent release of scleral infolding. Main outcome measures After surgery, these eyes were evaluated for corneal astigmatism with manifest refraction, keratometry, and computerized corneal topography. Results All eight eyes of eight patients revealed marked degrees of corneal astigmatism. Measurement of astigmatism via manifest refraction, keratometry, and corneal topography confirmed postoperative astigmatism corresponding to the axis of the scleral infolding. The amount of corneal astigmatism ranged from 1.75 to 7.37 diopters (D; mean, 4.60 D), with steepening along the axis of scleral infolding in the superotemporal quadrant of each eye (mean, 42.50° from vertical; range, 24°–66° from vertical). Release of scleral infolding in two patients resulted in significant reduction of corneal astigmatism. Conclusions Scleral shortening procedures used in macular translocation surgery may induce large amounts of corneal astigmatism. These patients should be assessed with keratometry and corneal topography to determine the accurate amount and axis. Thereafter, contact lens fitting or scleral infolding release may be considered as therapeutic options for large amounts of astigmatism persisting after surgery.
Cell Surface Glycoproteins and Carbohydrate Antigens in Development and Differentiation of Human Erythroid Cells

In the past two decades, our knowledge of inheritance in biological systems has rapidly advanced. We now know that the information for the development of a mature organism is carried by the chemical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, which, together with associated proteins, is present in nuclei. The next question is how the expression of this information is regulated in order to produce the appropriate highly organized structure. In this context, we have to face the fact that the processes of development and differentiation are highly complex yet miraculously ordered sequences of reactions. It is almost certain that the regulation of these events is the result not only of the expression of particular proteins but also of the interaction between these molecules in the same cell or in different cells. Thus, it is of critical importance to understand cell-cell interactions in order to understand the development and differentiation of a living organism. Our major assumption is that these cell-cell interactions are mostly governed by cell surface specificities and our major concern is to describe the cell surface specificities in molecular terms.
The Evolution of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs in the United States

Identifying and treating children with congenital hearing loss during the first few months of life is a relatively new concept. To assist states in the development of statewide Early Hearing Detection and Intervention programs, the federal government provides grants and/or cooperative agreements to almost all states and has established "National Goals, Program Objectives and Performance Measures" to guide the development and implementation of those systems. This article reviews the history of newborn hearing screening programs in the United States, summarizes the content of legislation and regulations passed by states related to universal newborn hearing screening, and describes how well each National Goal has been addressed. Although substantial progress has been made in the percentage of infants screened for hearing loss before hospital discharge, significant improvement is needed with respect to the availability of pediatric audiologists, implementation of effective tracking and data management systems, program evaluation and quality assurance, availability of appropriate early intervention programs, and linkages with medical home providers.
Some Applications of the Malliavin Calculus to Sub-Gaussian and Non-Sub-Gaussian Random Fields

We introduce a boundedness condition on the Malliavin derivative of a random variable to study sub-Gaussian and other non-Gaussian properties of functionals of random fields, with particular attention to the estimation of suprema. We relate the boundedness of the nth Malliavin derivative to a new class of “sub-nth-Gaussian chaos” processes. An expected supremum estimation, extending the Dudley theorem, is proved for such processes. Sub-nth-Gaussian chaos concentration inequalities for the supremum are obtained, using Malliavin derivative conditions; for n = 1, this generalizes the Borell-Sudakov inequality to a class of sub-Gaussian processes, with a particularly simple and efficient proof; for n = 2 a natural extension to sub-2nd-Gaussian chaos processes is established; for n ≥ 3 a slightly less efficient Malliavin derivative condition is needed.
Pediatric Hodgkin's disease: pulmonary, cardiac, and thyroid function following combined modality therapy.

Abstract Since pediatric Hodgkin's disease is a curable malignancy, it is essential to limit treatment sequelae. This study examines post-treatment pulmonary, cardiac, and thyroid function in 34 children, ages 5 to 17 (23 male and 11 female) with Hodgkin's disease. All received combined modality therapy of 6 cycles of alternating ABVD/MOPP chemotherapy and low dose (1500–2500 cGy) involved field radiotherapy. Mean follow-up period is 27.5 months with actuarial freedom from relapse of 94% and survival of 92%. Twenty asymptomatic patients underwent pulmonary function testing following chemotherapy and supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy. Eleven patients had post-treatment carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) performed. Six of 11 children (55%) had abnormal values (mean 66%, range 58–80) showing either a reduced DLCO compared to pretreatment or an low absolute value. Eight of the twenty patients (40%) tested post-treatment for FEV,, FVC, TLC and flow volume loop had abnormal results. Six showed restrictive abnormalities and two had obstructive dysfunction. Fourteen patients underwent cardiac nuclear gated angiogram after completion of chemotherapy. Two asymptomatic patients (14%) had abnormal scans showing either a low resting ejection fraction or a decreased response to exercise. Thyroid function was evaluated posttreatment in twenty-one patients by TSH, T4, free T4 or sensitive TSH analysis. Four (21%) had an elevated TSH with a normal T4 after treatment. Although post-treatment thyroid and cardiac effects were minimal, post-treatment pulmonary dysfunction in asymptome. patients was substantial with more than 50% of tested children demonstrating an abnormal DLCO and 40% showing restrictive or obstructive pulmonary parameters. These abnormalities were observed following a maximum bleomycin dose of 60 units/m2. Bleomycin and pulmonary radiotherapy have adverse effects on diffusing capacity and the long-term pulmonary sequlae of combined ABVD chemotherapy and radiotherapy are unknown. Our analysis suggests that even in asymptomatic children, pulmonary abnormalities are frequent.
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Treatment

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes 40% mortality in approximately 200,000 critically ill patients annually in the United States. ARDS is caused by protein-rich pulmonary edema that causes severe hypoxemia and impaired carbon dioxide excretion. The clinical disorders associated with the development of ARDS include sepsis, pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, and major trauma. The lung injury is caused primarily by neutrophil-dependent and platelet-dependent damage to the endothelial and epithelial barriers of the lung. Resolution is delayed because of injury to the lung epithelial barrier, which prevents removal of alveolar edema fluid and deprives the lung of adequate quantities of surfactant. Lymphocytes may play a role in resolution of lung injury. Mortality has been markedly reduced with a lung-protective ventilatory strategy. However, there is no effective pharmacologic therapy, although cell-based therapy and other therapies currently being tested in clinical trials may provi...
Factors Influencing Haptic Perception of Complex Shapes

Exploration of an object by arm movement and somatosensation is a serial process that relies on memories and expectations. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that this process involves breaking the object into component shapes (primitives). This was tested by having human subjects explore shapes composed of semicircular arcs as well as quarter circles or quarter ellipses. The subjects' perception was reported using a visual display. In the first experiment, in which a series of semicircular arcs was presented, with offsets that differed from trial to trial, performance was consistent with the perception of two (left and right) semicircles. In the second experiment, subjects often failed to detect the quarter circles or quarter ellipses and again behaved as if the object was composed of two (top and bottom) semicircles. The results suggest that the synthesis of haptically sensed shapes is biased toward simple geometric objects, and that it can be strongly influenced by expectations.
Une loi de l'Eglise et de l'Etat: Napoleon and the central administration of religious life, 1800–1815

In 1802 the Napoleonic government removed authority over religious holidays from the Gallican Church. In Old Regime France bishops decided which holidays were observed in their dioceses. The Republican Calendar had eliminated official recognition of Catholic holidays but not their widespread observance. Napoleon reinstated the Gregorian Calendar but not the holidays of the Old Regime. At his request, a papal indult eliminated the weekday observance of all but four Catholic holidays. The reform drew on the legacy of the Enlightenment, especially Montesquieu. The clergy of the Gallican Church oversaw the indult's execution, which was complicated by ambiguous wording. Napoleon attempted to merge religious and political obedience, so the best Christians would also be the best subjects, while making it clear that the government was the dominant power. The Restoration subsequently kept the indult in place, neither adding more holidays nor relinquishing authority over the matter.
FACTORS GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF SWAINSON'S WARBLER ALONG A HYDROLOGICAL GRADIENT IN GREAT DISMAL SWAMP

Abstract Due to extensive clearing of bottomland forest in the southeastern United States, Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) is restricted in many drainages to seasonally inundated buffer zones bordering rivers and swamps. This migratory species is especially vulnerable to flooding because of its ground foraging ecology, but little is known about patterns of habitat occupancy at wetland ecotones. I investigated the physiognomic and floristic correlates of habitat use along a subtle hydrological gradient in the Great Dismal Swamp, southeastern Virginia. Hydrology is the driving force influencing vegetation and the distribution of Swainson's Warbler in that habitat. Foraging and singing stations of territorial males were significantly drier and more floristically diverse than unoccupied habitat. There was scant evidence that the distribution and abundance of particular plant species, including giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea), influenced habitat selection. Instead, Swainson's Warbler seems to ev...
Comparing an Unstructured Risk Stratification to Published Guidelines in Acute Coronary Syndromes.

Introduction: Guidelines are designed to encompass the needs of the majority of patients with a particular condition. The American Heart Association (AHA) in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) developed risk stratification guidelines to aid physicians with accurate and efficient diagnosis and management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). While useful in a primary care setting, in the unique environment of an emergency department (ED), the feasibility of incorporating guidelines into clinical workflow remains in question. We aim to compare emergency physicians’ (EP) clinical risk stratification ability to AHA/ACC/ACEP guidelines for ACS, and assessed each for accuracy in predicting ACS. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in an urban teaching hospital ED. All patients presenting to the ED with chest pain who were evaluated for ACS had two risk stratification scores assigned: one by the treating physician based on clinical evaluation and the other by the AHA/ACC/ACEP guideline aforementioned. The patient’s ACS risk stratification classified by the EP was compared to AHA/ACC/ACEP guidelines. Patients were contacted at 30 days following the index ED visit to determine all cause mortality, unscheduled hospital/ED revisits, and objective cardiac testing performed. Results: We enrolled 641 patients presenting for evaluation by 21 different EPs. There was a difference between the physician’s clinical assessment used in the ED, and the AHA/ACC/ACEP task force guidelines. EPs were more likely to assess patients as low risk (40%), while AHA/ACC/ACEP guidelines were more likely to classify patients as intermediate (45%) or high (45%) risk. Of the 119 (19%) patients deemed high risk by EP evaluation, 38 (32%) were diagnosed with ACS. AHA/ACC/ACEP guidelines classified only 57 (9%) patients low risk with 56 (98%) of those patients diagnosed with no ACS. Conclusion: In the ED, physicians are more efficient at correctly placing patients with underlying ACS into a high-risk category. A small percentage of patients were considered low risk when applying AHA/ACC/ACEP guidelines, which demonstrates how clinical insight is often required to make an efficient assessment of cardiac risk and established criteria may be overly conservative when applied to an acute care population.
Reversal of Diastolic Blood Flow in the Testis of a Patient With Impending Infarction Due to Epididymitis

Testicular infarction is a common complication of spermatic cord torsion but substantially less common in epididymo-orchitis and even less so in epididymitis. We report a case of acute epididymitis that on Doppler sonography showed reversal of diastolic flow within the involved testis. A follow-up study 3 weeks later showed testicular infarction. Reversal of flow in the testis is an unusual finding. Very little has been reported on the subject in the literature.
Integrating palliative care in oncology.

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death among Americans. The World Health Organization has mandated an integrated approach to palliative care in the treatment of patients with cancer. However, medical decision making in the setting of life-threatening disease remains complicated. Methods: An integrated palliative care approach depends on the skillful blend of antineoplastic, supportive, and palliative interventions. For standardizing care plans, documenting palliative interventions, and tracking and improving outcomes, palliative care elements are defined. At our institute, medical symptom management, psychosocial support, and advance care planning are incorporated into routine cancer care. Results: Although progress is being made toward integrating palliative care in the field of oncology, further efforts are needed to ensure that cancer patients and their families who need palliative care receive it. Conclusions: If fully implemented, the integrated palliative care approach will result in quaternary prevention, ie, the prevention of suffering.
Synthesis of glycogen fractions by heart homogenates.

SummaryGlycolysis reduces both glycogen fractions of the rat heart at about the same rate for the first 5 minutes, regardless of the medium used for suspension of the tissue. In Krebs Phosphate Ringer's solution and in unoxygenated 5.4% glucose, the 2 glycogens drop to a low, but stable level. The glycogen synthesized in the sugar medium is primarily the TCA soluble glycogen. The TCA. soluble glycogen begins synthesis at the end of 22.5 minutes and synthesis of the TCA insoluble fraction begins 50 minutes later. A distinct species difference was observed in the metabolism of cardiac glycogen in the rat and dog, inasmuch as the TCA insoluble fraction was relatively more stable in the dog.
Financial Markets and Practices in Emerging Economies

A key question for studying capitalism is its expansion to emerging economies, and increasing efforts have been made to understand the differences between the emerging markets and the developed mar...
Genetic characterization of different serotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from food poisoning cases

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of different serotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus( Vp) isolated from two food poisoning outbreaks. Methods The first outbreak occurred in the canteen of an electronic company in Shenzhen on May 17,2010. About 20 people were infected. Nine anal swabs from patients and 3 suspicious food samples were collected. Twenty suspicious colonies were selected for each sample after culture. The second outbreak occurred in a catering center in Shenzhen on July 1,2010. About 10 persons were infected. Seven anal swabs from patients,2 suspicious food and 3 tray swabs samples were collected. Ten suspicious colonies were selected for each sample after culture. Each suspicious colony was identified using salt tolerance test,biochemical test,and serotyping. Different serotyping isolates were collected from both outbreaks,and characterized by tdh,trh,GS-PCR,orf 8 gene detection and pulsed field gel electrophoresis( PFGE) analysis. Results One hundred and eighty Vp isolates were collected from the first outbreak,of which,107 isolates were serotype O3: K6,70 were O2: K28,1 was O4: K34,1 was O3: K25,and 1 was O4: K12. Eighty Vp isolates were collected from the 2nd outbreak,of which,44 isolates were serotype O3: K6,10 were O4: K8,10 was O11: K36,10 was O11: K19 and 6 were O1: K56. All isolates of O3: K6,O1: K56,O4: K8,O11: K36 were positive for tdh,while negative for trh gene detection. The other isolates of O2: K28,O4: K12,O3: K25,O4: K34,and O11: K19 were negative for both genes. The isolates of O3: K6 and O11: K36 showed positive for both GS-PCR and orf 8 gene detection,while all the other isolates were negative for serotypes. PFGE analysis indicated that the PFGE pattern of 2 isolates( O2: K28) from patients were identical with 3 isolates( O2: K28) from food in the first outbreak,and 4 isolates( O3: K6) from patients were identical with 1 isolate( O3: K6) from egg tray swab in the second outbreak. PFGE patterns of isolates of O3: K6 from both outbreaks were identical. Vp isolates from the same sample with different serotypes were unrelated. Conclusion The first food poisoning outbreak was related to food contaminated by Vp and the second outbreak was related to egg tray contaminated by Vp. The serotyping and genetic data suggests that Vp with different serotypes from the same sample belong to different clonal complex,and are unrelated isolates in genetics.
Studies on yield and quality of mixed-sown annual forage and feed crops in Yanmenguan region

The yield of the annual forage and feed crops mixture grassland in agro-pastoral transitional zone of Yanmenguan region in Shanxi was studied.The results showed that the mixture with 50% common vetch + 50% oat was the best among the different mixtures,the yields of grass and crude protein reached 48 525 kg/hm2 and 1 981 kg/hm2,the suitable row spacing was 30 cm,the crude protein of interlacing sowing significantly was higher than the same row sowing.While the grass yields of mixtures with 50% corn + 50% lablab or 50% sorghum hybrid sudangrass+ 50% labla were higher than the single sown of corn or sorghum hybrid sudangrass.The models could get higher grass yield in flat ground and basin region,and the mixture model of oat and vetch was suitable adopted in mountain and hilly region.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[[aqua(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3N,N′,N′′)cobalt(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2N:C-[dicyanidoplatinum(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2C:N]

The title compound, [Co(C15H11N3)(H2O){Pt(CN)4}]n, is a one-dimensional coordination polymer formed under hydro­thermal reaction conditions. The CoII site has sixfold coordination with a distorted octa­hedral geometry, while the PtII ion is coordinated by four cyanide groups in an almost regular square-planar geometry. The compound contains twofold rotation symmetry about its CoII ion, the water molecule and the terpyridine ligand, and the PtII atom resides on an inversion center. trans-Bridging by the tetra­cyanidoplatinate(II) anions links the CoII cations, forming chains parallel to [-101]. Additionally, each CoII atom is coordin­ated by one water mol­ecule and one tridentate 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine ligand. O—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter­actions are found between adjacent chains and help to consolidate the crystal packing. In addition, relatively weak π–π stacking inter­actions exist between the terpyridine ligands of adjacent chains [inter­planar distance = 3.464 (7) A]. No Pt⋯Pt inter­actions are observed in the structure.
Pyloric channel ulcer with betazole-fast achlorhydria.

A case of a pyloric channel ulcer in a patient with betazole-fast achlorhydria is presented and the implications are discussed.
Thomas Piketty's Global Tax on Wealth

ABSTRACTThomas Piketty's concern with growing economic inequality leads him to propose a global tax on wealth. While he recognizes that the efforts of individual nations to tax wealth will prove ineffective since wealth is mobile, he does not seriously confront the collective action problems that will impede national efforts to cooperate in more effectively taxing global wealth. To what degree are more radical forms of political integration required to overcome these collective action dilemmas? Piketty provides partial and inadequate answers for these questions with regard to European integration. To be persuasive the economic analysis of Capital in the Twenty-First Century would have to be supplemented with a political economy comparable in depth and sophistication to that provided by The Federalist Papers regarding the political and economic integration of American states at the time of the American Founding. Piketty's failure to address questions of political economy makes his project vulnerable to the...
Evidence for Deep Structure Constraints in Syntax

In Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, Chomsky proposed the introduction of contextual (strict subcategorizational and selectional) features into linguistic theory to specify the types of deep structures into which particular lexical items could be inserted. He also introduced into theory generalized phrase markers generated by recursive phrase structure rules of the base component capable of reintroducing the symbol S in deep structures any number of times. Each S would then be expanded further by the rewrite rules of the base. Lexical items would then be inserted into the generalized phrase markers produced in this way.
On the win-ratio statistic in clinical trials with multiple types of event

Pocock et al. (2012), following Finkelstein & Schoenfeld (1999), has popularized the win ratio for analysis of controlled clinical trials with multiple types of outcome event. The approach uses pairwise comparisons between patients in the treatment and control groups using a primary outcome, say the time to death, with ties broken using a secondary outcome, say the time to hospitalization. In general the observed pairwise preferences and the weight they attach to the component rankings will depend on the distribution of potential follow-up time. We present expressions for the win and loss probabilities for general bivariate survival models when follow-up of all patients is limited to a specified time horizon. In the special case of a bivariate Lehmann model we show that the win ratio does not depend on this horizon. We show how the win ratio may be estimated nonparametrically or from a parametric model. Extensions to events of three or more types are described. Application of the method of marginal estimation due to Wei et al. (1989) to this problem is described.
Future directions in anxiolytic pharmacotherapy.

Pharmacologists have been searching for new anxiolytic drugs that are fast acting and free from the unwanted side effects associated with the traditional benzodiazepines through two major approaches. The first approach entails the discovery of compounds that act as partial agonists at benzodiazepine receptors, which, in turn, are linked to GAB A-A receptors. The second approach is based on recent experimental findings that demonstrate the role of multiple additional neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the neurobiology of anxiety. This article provides an overview of recent developments based on both these approaches and offers a glimpse of new potential anxiolytic therapies.
Analytical Models for Evaluating Effectiveness of Compressed File Transfers in Mobile Computing

The importance of optimizing data transfers between mobile computing devices and the cloud is increasing with an exponential growth of mobile data traffic. Lossless data compression can be essential in increasing communication throughput, reducing communication latency, achieving energy-efficient communication, and making effective use of available storage. In this paper we introduce analytical models for estimating effective throughput and energy efficiency of uncompressed data transfers and compressed data transfers that utilize common compression utilities. The proposed analytical models are experimentally verified using state-of-the-art mobile devices. These models are instrumental in developing a framework for seamless optimization of data file transfers.
Change deafness across voices in music and language

ABSTRACTListeners made same/different evaluations of a pair of musical presentations separated by a broadband noise. In the first experiment, the pair had either the same or a different: singers voice, language (Spanish or English), and reverberation (dry or very high reverb). A second experiment was conducted using the same vocal melodies played on guitars to emphasize non-linguistic content. In both Experiments 1 and 2, large-scale changes to Reverb were either completely undetected or ignored. A change of language in Experiment 1 supported only minimal sensitivity to change detection. Changes to multiple variables tended to increase listener sensitivity to a stimulus change. The results seem to indicate that the semantic coherence created by a musical background may limit attention to linguistic changes and voicing. Rather, those changes that more directly influence musical quality may be of greater salience in a musical context.
Quasi-Fermi level splitting, stability, and healing of high bandgap hybrid perovskites using photoluminescence, composition spread libraries, and post-synthesis treatments

We show the optoelectronic quality and the stability of thousands of compositions of hybrid perovskites (including the range of halide substitutions) and methods to re-grow hybrid perovskites to improve their optoelectronic quality. Hyperspectral maps of steady-state absolute intensity photoluminescence (AIPL) are used to determine the quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) for the combinatorial libraries. For methyl ammonium iodobromides, the QFLS upon first illumination increases with bandgap and reaches a maximum of 1.27 eV under 1 Sun illumination intensity for a bandgap of 1.75 eV However, the optoelectronic quality, defined as the ratio of the QFLS to the maximum theoretical QFLS for bandgap, decreases with bandgap from around 88% for 1.60 eV bandgap down to 82% for 1.84 eV bandgap. We show the effects of water exposure, air exposure and the effects of re-growing the films under several conditions.
Necrotizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Lung cavities are not typically associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). CAP due to P. aeruginosa is rare and even less commonly causes necrotizing pneumonia. We report a case of P. aeruginosa CAP that progressed to necrotizing pneumonia and was eventually fatal. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been well investigated in guiding antibiotic therapy (especially CAP) in adults. In this case, PCT at presentation and sequentially was negative. We discuss this caveat and present hypotheses as to the sensitivity and specificity of PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) in these patients. To better characterize P. aeruginosa CAP, we undertook a review of cases indexed in PubMed from 2001 to 2016 (). The data reveal that risk factors for P. aeruginosa CAP include smoking, alcohol use, obstructive lung disease, sinusitis, and hot tub use. The route of infection for P. aeruginosa CAP remains unknown. One of the most interesting findings on reviewing cases was that P. aeruginosa CAP involves the right upper lobe in the vast majority. We suggest that when physicians in the community see patients with distinctly upper lobe necrotizing or cavitary pneumonia, they should consider P. aeruginosa in their differential diagnosis. Further studies are needed to clarify route of infection, role of PCT and CRP, and optimal therapy including drug and duration.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine does not Predict Early Access Events in Hemodialysis Patients with Brachiocephalic Fistula Access.

Background Vascular access for hemodialysis is best provided by an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). AVF fail primarily because of neointimal hyperplasia. Asymmetric dimethlyarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring analogue of L-arginine, which is elevated in renal failure and impairs endothelial cell function. ADMA inhibits nitric oxide synthetase, leading to impaired nitric oxide production and contributing to the development of neointimal hyperplasia. ADMA was measured at the time of AVF placement to evaluate associations with access failure. Methods ADMA was measured at the time of brachiocephalic access placement. Patients were followed for up to 12 months with end-points of access thrombosis or venous stenosis. Results Sixty patients with primary brachiocephalic fistulas were included in the study cohort. The median value for ADMA drawn at the time of AVF creation was 3.1 µmol/L. ADMA was not significantly associated with early thrombosis or venous stenosis events (P>0.05). Conclusion Preoperative ADMA levels, as a surrogate for endothelial cell dysfunction and predictor of adverse access event (thrombosis or stenosis), were not associated with subsequent access events Future studies that identify markers of endothelial cell dysfunction are warranted.
Queer pedagogy: Approaches to inclusive teaching:

While it is common knowledge that language shapes how we think about gender and sexual identity there is no standard educational practice to create awareness about the place of sexual and gender di...
Defining Equations of G/P and Conjugacy Theorems

Fix a subset Y⊂{1,...,e} and a Y-regular weight Λ ∈ Dℤ, i.e., A is dominant totally integral and Λ(α i ⋁ ) iff ∈ Y.
Supply chain organizational learning, exploration, exploitation, and firm performance: A creation-dispersion perspective

Abstract We introduce and empirically test the creation-dispersion model of supply chain organizational learning to align learning orientations in a supply chain context. Our paper seeks to advance the knowledge on supply chain organizational learning by showing that four distinct supply chain learning orientations (team, learning, memory, and systems), previously studied only as a collective, can be parsed strategically. We parse these four learning orientations into creation capacity (team and learning orientations) and dispersion capacity (memory and system orientations). The creation and dispersion capacity can enhance exploration (long-term) and exploitation (short-term) practices respectively in supply chain organizations. We used a survey questionnaire to collect data from 128 respondents belonging to firms of various sizes and different industries. We find that creation capacity is positively associated with exploration and indirectly associated with exploitation through exploration. Dispersion capacity is associated with exploitation and indirectly influences market share and profitability through exploitation. The findings demonstrate that creation and dispersion-based combinations of supply chain learning orientations coalesce to influence exploration and exploitation practices. We discuss the implications for supply chain organizational learning literature.
Evolution and nature of science instruction

In this article, I provide an analysis of my work (1985–present) with non-major biology students and science teacher candidates in developing strategies for teaching and enhancing learning with respect to evolutionary science. This first-person account describes changes in evolution instruction over the course of a career based on personal experiences, research-informed practices, and a critical collaboration with colleague Mike U. Smith. I assert four insights concerning the influence and efficacy of teaching nature of science (NOS) prior to the introduction of evolution within college courses for science non-majors and science teacher candidates. These insights are: (a) teach explicit NOS principles first; (b) integrate evolution as a theme throughout a course in introductory biology (but after NOS principles have been introduced); (c) use active learning pedagogies; and (d) use non-threatening alternative assessments to enhance student learning and acceptance of evolutionary science. Together, these insights establish a pedagogy that I (and my colleagues) have found to be efficacious for supporting novice students as they engage in the study of evolutionary science.
CDK8 mediates the dietary effects on developmental transition in Drosophila

The complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, defines the initiation and progression of multifactorial diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and neurological disorders. Given that most of the studies have been performed in controlled experimental settings to ensure the consistency and reproducibility, the impacts of environmental factors, such as dietary perturbation, on the development of animals with different genotypes and the pathogenesis of these diseases remain poorly understood. By analyzing the cdk8 and cyclin C (cycC) mutant larvae in Drosophila, we have previously reported that the CDK8-CycC complex coordinately regulates lipogenesis by repressing dSREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein)-activated transcription and developmental timing by activating EcR (ecdysone receptor)-dependent gene expression. Here we report that dietary nutrients, particularly proteins and carbohydrates, modulate the developmental timing through the CDK8/CycC/EcR pathway. We observed that cdk8 and cycC mutants are sensitive to the levels of dietary proteins and seven amino acids (arginine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, and valine). Those mutants are also sensitive to dietary carbohydrates, and they are more sensitive to monosaccharides than disaccharides. These results suggest that CDK8-CycC mediates the dietary effects on lipid metabolism and developmental timing in Drosophila larvae.
Asynchronous Nonlinear Updates on Graphs

The notion of graph shift, introduced recently in graph signal processing, extends many classical signal processing techniques to graphs. Its practical importance follows from its localization: a single graph shift requires nodes to communicate only with their neighbors. However, communications should happen simultaneously, which requires a synchronization over the graph. In order to overcome this restriction, recent studies consider a random asynchronous variant of the graph shift, which is also suitable for autonomous networks. A graph signal under this randomized scheme is shown to converge (under mild conditions) to an eigenvector of the eigenvalue 1 of the operator even if the operator has other eigenvalues with magnitudes larger than unity. If the eigenvalue 1 does not exist, the operator can be easily normalized in theory. However, in practice, the normalization requires one to know the (dominant) eigenvalues, which may not be possible to obtain in large autonomous networks. To eliminate this limitation, this study considers the use of a nonlinearity in the updates making the scheme similar in spirit to the Hopfield neural network model. Our simulation results show that a graph signal still approaches the eigenvector of the dominant eigenvalue although the convergence is not exact. Nevertheless, approximation is sufficient to accomplish certain tasks including autonomous clustering.