cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relational aggression in children and adolescents: A review with implications for school settings

This article provides an overview of the literature on relational aggression of school-aged children and adolescents, with the specific aim of making this information relevant to school settings and education professionals. Relational aggression is discussed in terms of definitions, terms, and the importance of the school context. The literature on gender and familial influences as they relate to relational aggression is overviewed. Assessment methods for detecting relational aggression in children and adolescents are described, with an emphasis on measurement techniques most viable for capturing this sometimes-elusive construct. We conclude with a discussion of proposed best practices in school settings for effectively preventing and responding to incidents of relational aggression within the context of social and emotional learning interventions and positive behavioral interventions and supports. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 345–360, 2006.
Relapse following clozapine withdrawal: effect of neuroleptic drugs and cyproheptadine

The objective of this study was to report the effect of the slow withdrawal of clozapine from 19 patients with neuroleptic-responsive schizophrenia at the end of a 2-year clinical trial of clozapine and to compare this with the results of naturalistic discontinuation of clozapine treatment in 64 neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients. Nineteen neuroleptic-responsive schizophrenic patients who received clozapine were withdrawn from clozapine by tapering it over 3-week period with and without the addition of a typical neuroleptic. Fifteen of the 19 neuroleptic-responsive patients experienced the return of psychotic symptoms during or after the clozapine taper, which were most severe in the ten patients in whom the withdrawal of clozapine was carried out without prior addition of neuroleptic treatment. Addition of a neuroleptic prior to clozapine withdrawal prevented the emergence of positive symptoms during clozapine withdrawal in each of eight patients. Nevertheless, psychotic symptoms emerged, usually within a week after discontinuing clozapine, in six of the eight patients. Neuroleptic treatment, with or without an anticholingergic drug, was much less effective in treating positive symptoms in these patients immediately after the clozapine withdrawal than it had been 2 years previously. Cyproheptadine, a non-selective serotonin receptor antagonist, augmented the antipsychotic effect of neuroleptics in each of four patients who relapsed following withdrawal from clozapine and relieved extrapyramidal symptoms in a fifth patient. The frequency of relapse following withdrawal of clozapine in 64 neuroleptic-resistant patients was significantly lower (25/64, 39.1%) than in the neuroleptic-responsive patients.
LIMITATIONS ON THE STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF BLACK HOLES

We argue that the description of a block hole as a statistical (thermal) object must break down as the extreme (zero-temperature) limit is a approached, due to uncontrollable thermodynamic fluctuatations. For the recently discovered charged black holes, the analysis is significantly different, but again indicates that a statistical decription of the extreme hole is inappropriate. These holes invite a more normal elementary particle interpretation than is possible for Reissner-Nordstrom hole.
Determination of specific activity of recombinant hirudin using a thrombin titration method

Abstract Hirudin is the oldest known natural anticoagulant obtained from the salivary secretion of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis . The genes encoding native hirudin protein have been cloned and recombinant forms of natural hirudin are available today. Recombinant hirudin (rH) variants are currently being developed as therapeutic antithrombotic drugs (1,2,3). Clinical trials are ongoing to investigate the use of rH for the treatment of unstable angina, for the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy (2). Being such a promising antithrombotic agent, it is important to develop a method to determine the specific activity of rH using a standard method. In this report, we describe the use of a thrombin titration method to determine the specific activity of rH.
Using Deterrence to Mitigate Employee Internet Abuse

This study looks at the question of how to reduce/eliminate employee Internet Abuse. Companies have used acceptable use policies (AUP) and technology in an attempt to mitigate employees' personal use of company resources. Research shows that AUPs do not do a good job at this but that technology does. Research also shows that while technology can be used to greatly restrict personal use of the internet in the workplace, employee satisfaction with the workplace suffers when this is done. In this research experiment we used technology not to restrict employee use of company resources for personal use, but to make the employees more aware of the current Acceptable Use Policy, and measured the decrease in employee internet abuse. The results show that this method can result in a drop from 27 to 21 percent personal use of the company networks.
Structural Insights on the Role of Antibodies in HIV-1 Vaccine and Therapy

Despite 30 years of effort, there is no effective vaccine for HIV-1. However, antibodies can prevent HIV-1 infection in humanized mice and macaques when passively transferred. New single-cell-based methods have uncovered many broad and potent donor-derived antibodies, and structural studies have revealed the molecular bases for their activities. The new data suggest why such antibodies are difficult to elicit and inform HIV-1 vaccine development efforts. In addition to protecting against infection, the newly identified antibodies can suppress active infections in mice and macaques, suggesting they could be valuable additions to anti-HIV-1 therapies and to strategies to eradicate HIV-1 infection.
Toward Organizational Behavior

Three bases are analyzed for partitioning organizational behavior (OB) as a field of inquiry from other related fields. OB is characterized by three dimensions and three themes that impact the articulation of these dimensions in teaching, research, and application. Implications are drawn for the evolution of OB as an enacted discipline.
Correlations of Sighting-Eye Dominance Tests and Comparison of Combined Scores in Classroom, Clinic, and Ophthalmological Populations

Contingency coefficients for near- and far-point binocular and monocular sighting tests determined from data of 240 classroom children in Grades 4, 8, and 12 were significant. Also significant diff...
A 16-year-old girl with recent disseminated gonococcemia now presenting with a facial rash.

History of Present Illness A 16-year-old, girl was in her usual state of health until 2 months before her current admission, when she was admitted with disseminated gonococcemia for which she was treated with appropriate antibiotics. She was readmitted with a 3-day history of a red, nonpruritic facial rash and painful joints and fingers. The rash had started on her nose and progressed to involve her cheeks and both her ear canals. Although she had a 3-month history of a persistent and untreated scaly scalp rash and hair loss, her condition had worsened during the past 3 days. One day before admission, her left ankle and both her knees began to hurt, but this had not interfered with her physical activities. Several fingers on both her hands also became increasingly swollen and painful during the past day, both over the joints and in the soft tissue. Although she had some decrease in energy, she had not noticed any fevers or weight loss. She reported no change in vision, ear pain, discharge from ear, hearing loss, rhinorrhea or nasal congestion, or sore throat. She described swollen gums and a painful oral ulcer that occurred during the past 3 days. There was no shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, or palpitations, and she did not report abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. She had not had dysuria, increased urinary frequency, or blood in her urine but described a nonpruritic, white vaginal discharge that had been present since her first hospital admission. Her last menstrual period began approximately 2 days before presentation.
REVIEW ■ : ATP-sensitive Potassium Channels: Diverse Functions in the Central Nervous System

ATP-sensitive potassium channels open when cytoplasmic levels of ATP drop, thus linking membrane potential to the metabolic state of the cell. Cloning studies have suggested that these channels are related structurally to the inward rectifier family of potassium channels, with two putative membrane-spanning regions. Sulfonylurea drugs, which are used in the treatment of diabetes, inhibit these channels by binding to an associated membrane protein. Other drugs, including some vasodilators, activate ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Diverse neurotransmitter and hormone receptors can modulate these channels, in some cases through interactions with guanyl nucleotide binding proteins. There appear to be multiple subtypes of these channels, differing in electrical properties as well as in drug sensitivities. In the brain, these channels appear to play a role in mediating satiety after feeding. They also function in neurons to protect against excitotoxicity, by counteracting the membrane depolarization associate...
The evolutionary significance of depression in Pathogen Host Defense (PATHOS-D)

Given the manifold ways that depression impairs Darwinian fitness, the persistence in the human genome of risk alleles for the disorder remains a much debated mystery. Evolutionary theories that view depressive symptoms as adaptive fail to provide parsimonious explanations for why even mild depressive symptoms impair fitness-relevant social functioning, whereas theories that suggest that depression is maladaptive fail to account for the high prevalence of depression risk alleles in human populations. These limitations warrant novel explanations for the origin and persistence of depression risk alleles. Accordingly, studies on risk alleles for depression were identified using PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE to examine data supporting the hypothesis that risk alleles for depression originated and have been retained in the human genome because these alleles promote pathogen host defense, which includes an integrated suite of immunological and behavioral responses to infection. Depression risk alleles identified by both candidate gene and genome-wide association study (GWAS) methodologies were found to be regularly associated with immune responses to infection that were likely to enhance survival in the ancestral environment. Moreover, data support the role of specific depressive symptoms in pathogen host defense including hyperthermia, reduced bodily iron stores, conservation/withdrawal behavior, hypervigilance and anorexia. By shifting the adaptive context of depression risk alleles from relations with conspecifics to relations with the microbial world, the Pathogen Host Defense (PATHOS-D) hypothesis provides a novel explanation for how depression can be nonadaptive in the social realm, whereas its risk alleles are nonetheless represented at prevalence rates that bespeak an adaptive function.
Variation and Heritability Estimates of Common Carpetgrass

Carpetgrass (Axonopus fissifolius Raddi) is a warm-season perennial grass species that may warrant improvement for use as a turfgrass in the southeastern United States and lower latitudes. Limited information is available regarding the types and amounts of variation that exists for this species. Research objectives were to collect germplasm, to determine the variation for morphological and turfgrass performance characteristics, and to estimate heritability. Germplasm was derived from commercial seed and collection trips. Experiments were performed in both greenhouse and field conditions. The greenhouse study evaluated morphological traits, and the field study evaluated turfgrass performance characteristics. Differences in means were found to exist between genotypes for most traits. Heritability estimates were low to high, indicating the potential to alter stolon diameter, internode length, leaf length and width, spike number per inflorescence, inflorescence density, establishment, genetic color, density, and turf quality through conventional breeding. Differences in means and variances were found to exist between the two germplasm sources (seed-derived and collected) for some traits. For morphological traits, the seed-derived material exhibited greater variation than collected material. However, for turfgrass performance, traits of the collected genotypes were more variable than seed-derived plants.
TU-EE-A2-01: Comparison of HDR Brachytherapy Optimization Using Physical Dose and Biological Response Models

Purpose: Comparison of optimized HDR treatment plans using biological and physical objective functions. Methods and Materials: For a gynecological cancer case, treatment plans were generated using physical and biological optimizationmodels.Optimization was done using adaptive simulated annealing. The target and critical structure volumes were determined from CTimages. Target volumes were planned to receive 80Gy using a uniform external beam dose of 0 or 45Gy. The physical model objective function uses a least square fitting. The biological model objective function uses EUD to maximize the target and minimize critical structures dose. Plan evaluation is done by comparing the isodose distribution and calculating tumor control probability (TCP), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), equivalent uniform dose (EUD), coverage index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and overdose index (OI). Results: The physical model produced excellent dose uniformity and target coverage. The biological model was able to increase EUD to the target, lower EUD to the rectum and sigmoid, but increased EUD to the bladder. When external beam dose is added, the differences in EUD were in the same direction, but smaller. The biological plan was less uniform (lower HI and higher OI) with the same CI as the physical model, but when an external beam was added, CI was the same, HI became smaller, and OI was larger compared to the physical model. TCP was larger for the biological model. NTCP are zero for plans without external beam dose. When external beam dose was added, TCP and NTCP increased for both plans. TCP became higher for the physical model and NTCP followed the same trend as the EUD calculations. Conclusion: The biological model is able to spare dose to critical structures,but has less homogeneity and greater overdose than the physical model. When an external beam dose is included, plans look almost identical.
Gadolinium attenuates regional stunning in the canine heart in vivo

Abstract Objective: Gadolinium, a lanthanide cation, ameliorates pathophysiologic features of both heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. We have shown, in an in vitro model, that gadolinium blocks stretch-induced contractile dysfunction in both normal and stunned myocardium. The present study tested the hypothesis that gadolinium would also attenuate regional myocardial stunning in an in vivo model. Methods: Mongrel dogs (n = 13) were subjected to regional myocardial ischemia (occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery) for 15 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 180 minutes. Intravenous gadolinium (500 μmol) was given to 7 dogs before ischemia; no gadolinium was given to control animals. Regional contractile function was assessed serially by means of both systolic shortening (percentage) and regional preload recruitable stroke work. Results: Administration of gadolinium before ischemia had no effect on heart rate, arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, or regional contractile function. Ischemia resulted in paradoxical systolic bulging in both groups. After 180 minutes of reperfusion, systolic shortening was enhanced in gadolinium-treated animals compared with that in control animals (10.9% ± 1.5% vs 2.4% ± 1.7%, P =.003). Both the slope and x-axis intercept of regional preload recruitable stroke work returned to preischemic values in treated animals but remained abnormal in control animals. Conclusions: These data confirm that gadolinium attenuates regional myocardial stunning in vivo. Gadolinium may cause peripheral vasodilatation but does not appear to exert positive inotropic effects on the normal canine heart. The mechanism underlying gadolinium-mediated effects on stunned myocardium remains undefined, but this study suggests that use of gadolinium may represent a novel adjunct to current cardioprotective strategies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;124:57-62
Socially aware media

Face-to-face communication conveys social context as well as words, and it is this social signaling that allows new information to be smoothly integrated into a shared, group-wide understanding. By building machines that understand social signaling and social context we can begin to make communication tools that keep remote users 'in the loop,' and can dramatically improve collective decision making.
Chronic neutropenia of childhood: frequent association with parvovirus infection and correlations with bone marrow culture studies

Children with neutropenia of more than 3 months duration often have evidence of immune-mediated destruction of mature neutrophils and variable abnormalities of myeloid precursors in their bone marrow. These patients often have anti-neutrophil antibodies which persist for several months. To further investigate the aetiology of neutropenia in such patients, bone marrow cells were evaluated for the presence of common viruses. Fifteen of 19 patients tested had evidence for parvovirus infection by PCR amplification of bone marrow DNA with parvovirus specific primers. Of these 15, six also had serologic evidence of parvovirus infection. Anti-neutrophil antibodies were identified in nine of 12 patients with parvovirus infection. Bone marrow culture studies done on six patients revealed varying degrees of myeloid and erythroid inhibition by patient plasma. These studies indicate that parvovirus may be a common cause of immune-mediated neutropenia in children.
Ethical theory for business professors

Although business ethics courses are flourishing on the undergraduate level, they have not made a significant inroad on the MBA level. Some argue that not only is no special course in ethics needed in MBA programs, but also that if a separate course on business ethics is given, it creates the impression that ethics is separate from business. The correct approach, they argue, is to integrate ethics in all business courses. The difficulty is that ethics is not usually integrated into MBA courses and so is not taught at all. Others maintain that philosophers, who typically teach business ethics courses, really know so little about business that they should not teach MBA level courses ? including business ethics courses. But management professors frequently are neither competent to teach ethics nor interested in doing so. Hence once again business ethics is not taught on the MBA level.
Estimates of upper bounds and trends in nano-TiO2 production as a basis for exposure assessment.

An upper bound is estimated for the magnitude of potential exposure to nano-TiO2 with the purpose of enabling exposure assessment and, ultimately, risk assessment. Knowledge of the existing bulk TiO2 market is combined with available nano-TiO2 production data to estimate current nano-TiO2 sources as a baseline. The evolution of nano-TiO2 production as a percentage of the total TiO2 market is then projected based on material and market information along with a method that combines observations from scientific articles and patents as predictive indicators of the rate of innovative transformation.
Putative human blue-light photoreceptors hCRY1 and hCRY2 are flavoproteins.

Recently, a human cDNA clone with high sequence homology to the photolyase/blue-light photoreceptor family was identified. The putative protein encoded by this gene exhibited a strikingly high (48% identity) degree of homology to the Drosophila melanogaster (6−4) photolyase [Todo et al. (1996) Science 272, 109−112]. We have now identified a second human gene whose amino acid sequence displays 73% identity to the first one and have named the two genes CRY1 and CRY2, respectively. The corresponding proteins hCRY1 and hCRY2 were purified and characterized as maltose-binding fusion proteins. Similar to other members of the photolyase/blue-light photoreceptor family, both proteins were found to contain FAD and a pterin cofactor. Like the plant blue-light photoreceptors, both hCRY1 and hCRY2 lacked photolyase activity on the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer and the (6−4) photoproduct. We conclude that these newly discovered members of the photolyase/photoreceptor family are not photolyases and instead may function ...
Pheromone-modulated optomotor response in male gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L. : upwind flight in a pheromone plume in different wind velocities

1. Lymantria dispar males flying in a wind tunnel, up a plume of female sex pheromone, respond to increasing wind velocity by steering a course more precisely upwind. Even though the course angles steered are distributed unimodally about zero degrees (0°), the resulting track angles maintain a remarkably consistent bimodal distribution across all wind velocities tested (Fig. 4). 2. As the wind velocity increased, the moths maintained their average track angle and ground speed at fairly constant values (Figs. 2, 3). The males actively maintained these ‘preferred’ track angles and ground speeds by varying their air speed (Fig. 2) and course angles steered (Fig. 3). 3. The longitudinal component of image flow, the signal which hypothetically controls ground speed, remained relatively constant across all wind velocities (Fig. 5). The transverse component of image flow, which presumably controls steering increased significantly as the wind velocity increased (Fig. 5). There was no constant relationship between the transverse and longitudinal components of image flow; they appear to be used independently to control flight. 4. The males maintained the temporal aspects of their zigzagging flight tracks with remarkable consistency (Table 1). The duration between turns remained nearly the same across all wind velocities, lending support to a hypothetical CNS counterturning generator.
Modeling the Formation of Fluid Banks During Counter-Current Flow in Porous Media

Fluid banks sometimes form during gravity-driven counter-current flow in certain natural reservoir processes. Prediction of flow performance in such systems depends on our understanding of the bank-formation process. Traditional modeling methods using a single capillary pressure curve based on a final saturation distribution have successfully simulated counter-current flow without fluid banks. However, it has been difficult to simulate counter-current flow with fluid banks. In this paper, we describe the successful saturation-history-dependent modeling of counter-current flow experiments that result in fluid banks. The method used to simulate the experiments takes into account hysteresis in capillary pressure and relative permeabilities. Each spatial element in the model follows a distinct trajectory on the capillary pressure versus saturation map, which consists of the capillary hysteresis loop and the associated capillary pressure scanning curves. The new modeling method successfully captured the formation of the fluid banks observed in the experiments, including their development with time. Results show that bank formation is favored where the pc-versus-saturation slope is low. Experiments documented in the literature that exhibited formation of fluid banks were also successfully simulated.
Association of caesarean delivery with child adiposity from age 6 weeks to 15 years.

To assess associations of caesarean section with body mass from birth through adolescence. Longitudinal birth cohort study, following subjects up to 15 years of age. Children born in 1991–1992 in Avon, UK who participated in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (n=10 219). Primary outcome: standardized measures of body mass (weight-for length z-scores at 6 weeks, 10 and 20 months; and body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 38 months, 7, 9, 11 and 15 years). Secondary outcome: categorical overweight or obese (BMI ⩾85th percentile) for age and gender, at 38 months, 7, 9, 11 and 15 years. Of the 10 219 children, 926 (9.06%) were delivered by caesarean section. Those born by caesarean had lower-birth weights than those born vaginally (−46.1 g, 95% confidence interval(CI): 14.6–77.6 g; P=0.004). In mixed multivariable models adjusting for birth weight, gender, parental body mass, family sociodemographics, gestational factors and infant feeding patterns, caesarean delivery was consistently associated with increased adiposity, starting at 6 weeks (+0.11 s.d. units, 95% CI: 0.03–0.18; P=0.005), through age 15 (BMI z-score increment+0.10 s.d. units, 95% CI: 0.001–0.198; P=0.042). By age 11 caesarean-delivered children had 1.83 times the odds of overweight or obesity (95% CI: 1.24–2.70; P=0.002). When the sample was stratified by maternal pre-pregnancy weight, the association among children born of overweight/obese mothers was strong and long-lasting. In contrast, evidence of an association among children born of normal-weight mothers was weak. Caesarean delivery is associated with increased body mass in childhood and adolescence. Research is needed to further characterize the association in children of normal weight women. Additional work is also needed to understand the mechanism underlying the association, which may involve relatively enduring changes in the intestinal microbiome.
Fuzzy tools for law enforcement

We discuss several aspects of the multimedia fuzzy controller (MFC), which can be regarded as an extension of fuzzy controllers to include multimedia rules and memberships. The practical application context is that of law enforcement technology. We show the important role of the MFC for human input controllers in replacing the numeric input of standard controllers with media input. We have shown that the two essential problems of the FMC are the measure of distances in multifeatured spaces and the input of the media instance to the controller. The latter problem has two possible solutions: searching through the media database or constructing media instances. The first approach has been investigated in connection with the creation of a synthetic lineup for eyewitness identification of suspects. We have given a prescription for engineering a synthetic lineup for practical cases of interest. We have also shown that the essentially novel characteristic of the media databases required by the MFC is their commensurability.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ammonia decomposition activity on monolayer Ni supported on Ru, Pt and WC substrates

Abstract Catalyst design for specific reactions currently involves using atomic or molecular descriptors to identify promising catalysts. In this paper, we explore three surfaces that have similar computed nitrogen binding energies, which is a descriptor for the ammonia decomposition reaction. The surfaces studied include a monolayer of Ni on Pt(111), Ru(0001) and tungsten monocarbide (WC). The activity of these surfaces toward the ammonia decomposition reaction was compared using density functional theory and temperature programmed desorption. It was found that while the NHx–H bond scission is similar on each of the surfaces, the temperature of nitrogen desorption is very different. The differences are explained and the implications for ammonia decomposition activity and catalyst design are discussed.
Electronic states in disordered solids. III. Applications to materials science

The electronic states of many alloy systems have now been calculated using a framework of theory that is based on the coherent-potential approximation. Some of the results of classic experiments on alloys will be explained on the basis of these calculations.
Clinical and neuroimaging correlates of antiphospholipid antibodies in multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study

Background The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has been reported frequently but no clear relationship between APLA and the clinical and neuroimaging features of MS have heretofore been shown. We assessed the clinical and neuroimaging features of MS patients with plasma APLA.
Toward an economic theory of voluntary resignation by dictators

On rare occasions, dictators, which we take to include ‘strong’ central rulers generally, voluntarily hand over the reins of political power to democratically-elected governments.’ A better understanding of the conditions under which such transfers of power occur would be valuable to those who wish to end a period of dictatorial rule without resorting to full-scale armed conflict. The techniques for encouraging a dictator to resign are of interest both to democrats within the country in question, and also to external countries such as the USA, which ought to be philosophically uneasy about supporting dictatorial regimes. At first blush, it might seem odd that a dictator would ever relinquish what Tullock terms his ‘monopoly of force’ in favor of a democratically-elected, constitutional government.2 In the parallel case in the private market, one simply does not observe a monopolist voluntarily giving up a stream of current and future monopoly profits. Indeed, such behavior would contradict the fundamental assumption that monopolists, like all businessmen, seek to maximize profits. The central purpose of this paper is to set out the conditions under which it would be rational for a despot to voluntarily give up power. A simple model is set out in Section II, where the notion of a wealth-maximizing dictator is introduced, and factors which influence his behavioral decision-calculus are discussed. A more inclusive behavioral model forms the substance of Section III. Practical implications derived from the models are explored in Section IV. Concluding thoughts make up Section V.
A telemetrically powered and controlled implantable neural recording system with CMOS interface circuitry

Reports the development of an implantable, fully integrated, single-chip, multichannel sieve electrode neural recording system, which is powered and communicated using an RF telemetry link. The system allows neural recordings of /spl plusmn/500 /spl mu/V signals from regenerated axons, which are amplified with on-chip 100 Hz to 3.1 kHz bandlimited amplifiers, multiplexed, and digitized with a low-power current-mode 8-bit ADC. The signal processing CMOS circuitry dissipates only 15 mW power, operates from a 5V supply, and consumes 4/spl times/4 mm/sup 2/ of area. >
Software, performance, or engineering?

This paper discusses why Software Engineering (SE) methods often fail to produce software systems that meet their performance requirements. Five issues are raised: lack of required scientific principles and models in SE, lack of education in performance, IT workforce shortage, single-user and small database mindsets.
Growing old together Compassionate love and health in older adulthood

The health benefits associated with marriage are disproportionately large in older adulthood, due in part to the powerful role spouses play in promoting each other’s well-being. What remains unclear is what motivates this caretaking. To determine whether compassionate love plays a role, the current study used an Actor–Partner Interdependence Model to examine how 64 older couples’ compassionate love is linked to their health. Feeling compassionate love was linked to better health for wives. The partner effects, however, painted a more complicated picture, with the receipt of compassionate love appearing to undermine health. Given the unprecedented growth in the number of older adults in the United States, we have a vested interest in determining how compassionate love may help or hinder well-being in later-life marriages.
Diversity of microorganisms within rock varnish in the Whipple Mountains, California.

Rock varnish from Arizona's Whipple Mountains harbors a microbial community containing about 108 microorganisms g−1 of varnish. Analyses of varnish phospholipid fatty acids and rRNA gene libraries reveal a community comprised of mostly Proteobacteria but also including Actinobacteria, eukaryota, and a few members of the Archaea. Rock varnish represents a significant niche for microbial colonization.
An Econometric Analysis of the Effects of Tourism Growth on Municipal Revenues and Expenditures

The major source of change in the tourism industry of New London County, Connecticut, over the past one and a half decades has been the dramatic influx of visitors to the county’s two American Indian casinos: Foxwoods, opened in 1992, and Mohegan Sun, opened in 1996. This study seeks reasonable estimates of municipal-level revenues and expenditures related to tourism growth during 1993– 2002, for each of the 21 municipalities in the county. The authors conduct an econometric analysis to separate three factors with different spatial impacts on revenues and expenditures: those due to the residential locations of new tourism employees, those due to the business location of new tourism enterprises and those due to the pattern of increased traffic caused by new visitor travel.
Effects of similarity and history on neural mechanisms of visual selection

To investigate how the brain combines knowledge with visual processing to locate eye movement targets, we trained monkeys to search for a target defined by a conjunction of color and shape. On successful trials, neurons in the frontal eye field not only discriminated the target from distractors, but also discriminated distractors that shared a target feature as well as distractors that had been the search target during the previous session. Likewise, occasional errant saccades tended to direct gaze to distractors that either resembled the current target or had been the previous target. These findings show that the frontal eye field is involved in visual and not just motor selection and that visual selection is influenced by long-term priming. The data support the hypothesis that visual selection can be accomplished by parallel processing of objects based on their elementary features.
Development of a fault tolerant distributed database via inference

The authors report on the experience of building a knowledge-based distributed database testbed on top of a commercial relational database to experiment with semantics for fault tolerance. This work sets out to test the philosophy that not only can syntactic redundancy (replication) be exploited to improve fault tolerance, but that most data are correlated, containing redundant information at the semantic level as well. The database must be engineered to make use of the inference engine to infer the inaccessible from the accessible data. The authors provide an overview of the architecture and discuss the data inference system, the knowledge schema, caching, the commercial database server, and database error handling. >
The Cortical Morphogenetic Cycle Associated with Cell Division in Diophrys Dujardin, 1841 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida)1

Morphogenesis of cell division was investigated in Diophrys scutum, D. oligothrix, and D. appendiculata utilizing both light microscopy of living and stained specimens and SEM of preserved specimens. The cortical morphogenetic pattern of Diophrys is similar to that of other members of the family Euplotidae. The opisthe oral primordium, which develops in a subsurface pouch, forms posterior to the parental buccal cavity. The proter inherits the parental adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) apparently unchanged. The endoral membrane forms to the right of the posterior end of the AZM in the proter, in association with the developing AZM in the opisthe. The paroral cirrus and membrane develop from a single streak that first appears along the right edge of the buccal cavity in the proter to the right of the developing buccal structures of the opisthe. Frontal and transverse cirri develop in both proter and opisthe from five separate cirral primordia that form to the right of the buccal cavity. Left marginal cirri do not develop in association with the corresponding parental structures. Kinetosomes formed within the opisthe oral primordium, or kinetosomes that were part of any parental ciliary structure, do not appear to become part of any developing paroral structures, frontal, transverse, or left marginal cirri. Speciation within the genus Diophrys and evolution of the family Euplotidae as they relate to the morphogenesis of cortical structure are discussed.
Computer vision on tap

We demonstrate a concept of computer vision as a secure, live service on the Internet. We show a platform to distribute a real time vision algorithm using simple widely available Web technologies, such as Adobe Flash. We allow a user to access this service without downloading an executable or sharing the image stream with anyone. We support developers to publish without distribution complexity. Finally the platform supports user-permitted aggregation of data for computer vision research or analysis. We describe results for a simple distributed motion detection algorithm. We discuss future scenarios for organically extending the horizon of computer vision research.
Using chemical shifts to generate structural ensembles for intrinsically disordered proteins with converged distributions of secondary structure

A short segment of the disordered p53 transactivation domain (p53TAD) forms an amphipathic helix when bound to the E3 ubiquitin ligase, MDM2. In the unbound p53TAD, this short segment has transient helical secondary structure. Using a method that combines broad sampling of conformational space with re-weighting, it is shown that it is possible to generate multiple, independent structural ensembles that have highly similar secondary structure distributions for both p53TAD and a P27A mutant. Fractional amounts of transient helical secondary structure were found at the MDM2 binding site that are very similar to estimates based directly on experimental observations. Structures were identified in these ensembles containing segments that are highly similar to short p53 peptides bound to MDM2, even though the ensembles were re-weighted using unbound experimental data. Ensembles were generated using chemical shift data (alpha carbon only, or in combination with other chemical shifts) and cross-validated by predic...
The comparison of the constrained and unconstrained frequency-domain block-LMS adaptive algorithms

Convergence properties of the constrained and the unconstrained frequency-domain block LMS algorithms are analyzed. Comparisons based on both a theoretical analysis and computer simulation are given. It is shown that the unconstrained algorithm has a slower convergence rate and smaller stable range of step size than that of the constrained algorithm.
THE VIRGIN AND IDLE LANDS PROGRAM REAPPRAISED

IT is quite clear that the virgin and idle lands program of 1954-1956 was not a novel approach to the perennial Russian grain problem.' That problem had been intensified during the years of Soviet power, in part because of the revolutionary break-up of the estates of the old nobility, but principally as a result of the collectivization of agriculture, which had robbed the peasantry of initiative and had left the farm sector of the economy depressed and backward. Despite repeated efforts, since the beginning of the industrialization drive in 19281929, to raise the output per man per acre, the Soviet regime had achieved little success. Consequently, it had been compelled to resort to an expansion of the cultivated area in an attempt to ensure a larger farm output. This expansion involved mainly an increase in wheat acreage, the basic grain crop. During the First Five Year Plan period (1928-1932), as directed by the regime, up to 37 million acres were added to the sown area of the steppe regions, in order to obtain more wheat.2 The Third Five Year Plan (1938-1942) also urged that more land be ploughed in the steppe-up to 20 million acres-but the outbreak of the war prevented the full realization of the objective.3 The 1954-1956 program, therefore, was in effect the last of a series of comparable programs designed to produce more wheat by ploughing more land. Indeed, viewed, in perspective, one might regard the Soviet "advance" into the steppe-and especially the eastern steppe-as little more than a continuation of the historic advance of the Muscovite frontier. At any rate, the latest pro-
A supramolecular organometallic-metalorganic square

Synthesis and structural characterization of [tetrakis(2-pyrimidinylethynyl)cyclobutadiene][(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt] and its mercury(II)chloride complex are reported; in the complex, the mercury is in an unusual square planar coordination environment.
Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Sweet Sorghum Biomass

AbstractSweet sorghum has recently received a lot of attention as a potential biomass feedstock in the United States. This study investigated the dielectric properties (dielectric constant s’ and dielectric loss factor s’) of sweet sorghum biomass as a function of frequency (around 915 and 2450 MHz, respectively) and water content-WH2O (important for microwave drying and processing operations). Fundamental thermal properties needed in process design calculations (specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity) were also determined using a thermal conductivity probe method. Dielectric constant decreases with frequency at both frequency ranges. At 915 MHz, e’ ranged from 2.73 at wH2O = 49.5% to 1.1 at wH2O = 0%, whereas at 2450 MHz, e’ ranged from 2.67 at WH2O = 55.4% to 1.03 at WH2O = 0%. The dielectric loss factor ranged from 0.44 at wH2O = 49.5% (at 915 MHz) and 0.7 at wH2O = 55.4% (at 2450 MHz) to near zero at WH2O = 0% for both frequencies. Thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal dif...
An Overview of Secondary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Trials: AVID, CIDS and CASH

Sudden cardiac death, usually due to a ventricular tachyarrhythmia, accounts for 350,000–400,000 deaths annually in the United States. Less than 20% of patients will survive a cardiac arrest and be discharged alive from a hospital [1]. Of the survivors, 50% will be dead within 3 years [1]. Since survivors of a cardiac arrest are at high risk for a recurrent arrhythmic event, aggressive management of this group of patients is mandatory. Unfortunately, patients with previous sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias only account for < 1% of patients who die suddenly. Given the high subsequent event rate and the low chance of surviving another cardiac arrest, there has been aggressive prescription of antiarrhythmic drugs, in an attempt to prevent arrhythmia recurrence, and of implantable cardioverterdefibrillators (ICDs), to successfully convert a sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia [2]. Previous trials have suggested that amiodarone and sotalol are the most effective antiarrhythmic agents in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF). Antiarrhythmic approaches in these trials have included empirical and Holter/electrophysiologically guided use of these antiarrhythmic drugs [3]. One study of cardiac arrest survivors demonstrated that class I agents had a deleterious effect on survival [4]. In the same study [4], β-blockers improved survival. The benefits of β-blockers are supported by their known effects in prolonging survival in high-risk patients post-myocardial infarction (MI) or with congestive heart failure (CHF) [5].
The exhausted short-timer: Leveraging autonomy to engage in production deviance

This article explores the conditions under which autonomy may lead to production deviance (unsanctioned, non-task-focused behavior) rather than acting as a motivational job characteristic. In a study of 260 manual laborers, we applied Conservation of Resources Theory to propose an interaction among autonomy, emotional exhaustion and employment opportunity in predicting production deviance. We suggest that employees who experience emotional exhaustion may leverage autonomy to engage in production deviance in efforts to conserve and protect remaining energy reserves, particularly when they feel they can secure ‘better’ opportunities than their current job. Results of hierarchical moderated multiple regression analyses revealed that workers reporting high levels of autonomy, emotional exhaustion and employment opportunity also manifested the highest levels of production deviance.
Potential genetic risks of using semen collected during chemotherapy

The results of many studies on the effects of mutagens on germ cells of the testes indicate that the recommendation of Carson et al. (Hum. Reprod., 6, 992-994, 1989) that semen samples collected during chemotherapy and cryopreserved may be safely used for insemination is incorrect because of the large potential for genetic risk to the offspring. Data from experimental animals, which indicate high levels of mutagenic effects in offspring from matings during or soon after treatment of the male with chemotherapy or radiation, are reviewed. The relevance of these data to the human situation is discussed. Based on these results, I recommend that patients not only complete their semen cryopreservation prior to the initiation of chemotherapy, but that they practice reliable contraception from the time of initiation of treatment until 6 months after completion of treatment.
Neuro-Sweet disease A case of recurrent encephalitis and febrile neutrophilic dermatosis

Neuro-Sweet disease (NSD) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent aseptic meningoencephalitis; a thorough skin examination and early skin biopsy can facilitate diagnosis and early treatment for this steroid-responsive condition.
Natriuresis Induced by Injection of Hypertonic Saline into the Third Cerebral Ventricle of Dogs

SummaryInjection of 5% sodium chloride into the third cerebral ventricle of anesthetized dogs induced a significant increase in urinary sodium excretion not related to alterations in renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, or the filtered load of sodium. The above findings are consistent with the action of a cerebral natriuretic hormone.
Alternative Representations of Ecosystem Models

Ecosystems are often modeled using weighted digraphs, representing flow of energy or nutrients among compartments [1]. Depending on the model, what a compartment represents may range from dissolved organic matter in a lake, to multiple species with common properties living in a specific area. Flows among compartments may represent predation, uptake, excretion, etc. Ecological networks can be fairly large and complex. Decomposing an ecosystem model into smaller sub networks for easier analysis is often tempting. However, essential ecosystem behavior may be lost by breaking connections, or excluding compartments. Neither flows, nor compartments can function by themselves. Therefore we propose two new alternative mathematical representations, that preserve system wide behavior of ecosystems: (1) Pathways (2) Fluxes. A pathway represents the ecosystem from the point of view of a single Carbon atom, or a single energy quantum. A flux represents the smallest process within the ecosystem that can theoretically sustain itself. This can be a material cycle within the ecosystem, or a simple food chain in a complex ecosystem. In this talk, I will discuss the mathematical properties of these two representations, demonstrate how current models are mapped into these representation spaces, and provide examples of how useful they can be for ecological studies. ...