cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Spectroscopy at MERLIN Beamline at the Advanced Light Source

Strong correlations between charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom in complex materials can often lead to the emergence of exotic properties, such as high temperature superconductivity (HTSC), colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), multiferroicity, insulator-to-metal transition (IMT), electron fractionalization, and many more [1–12]. These properties not only show great promise for the technological breakthroughs that can transform our way of life, but also provide ideal test grounds for exploring the fundamental physics of electronic correlations on various energy, length, and time scales.
High fructose corn syrup : replacement for sucrose in angel cake

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) (42% fructose) was used to replace 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the sucrose in angel cakes. Replacement with HFCS of 50, 75 or 100% of sucrose resulted in foams with lower specific gravities; decreased foam beating time; and cakes with lower volume, browner crusts, yellower crumb, firmer texture, and decreased sweetness. Replacement of 25% sucrose with HFCS did not affect greatly the physical measurements or sensory characteristics studied.
Asymptotic Wake Behavior of Swept, Blunt Trailing-Edge Airfoils

The effect of base sweep and the addition of passive flow-control devices at constant base sweep angle (30 deg) on the asymptotic behavior of turbulent wakes produced by flatplate airfoils was experimentally examined. It was determined that values of the nondimensional streamwise velocity defect and wake thickness parameters for the grooved model with 30 deg swept base at fourteen base thickness downstream of the base at mid-span were closer to asymptotic values from empirical plane wake predictions than values for the 0, 30, and 45 deg swept baseline models and the 30 deg swept model with Wishbone vortex generators. The grooves apparently inhibited the three-dimensionality of the resulting wake flow.
Dissipation of methyl parathion and ethyl parathion from cotton foliage as affected by formulation.

Insecticide use on cotton has shifted away from the organochlorine compounds toward the organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid compounds. These latter three groups of compounds are generally less environmentally persistent and frequently more selective than the organochlorine compounds. However, the conventional emulsifiable concentrate (e.c.) formulations of the organophosphates, methyl parathion (MP) and ethyl parathion (EP) are extremely hazardous for the applicator and other field workers. Because of the limited residual insecticidal activity of the e.c. formulations of MP and EP, repeat applications at 3 or 4 day intervals are frequently necessary for effective insect control (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service 1985). Microencapsulated (encaps.) formulations of MP (Penncap-M) and EP (Penncap-E) are now available and have been reported to provide extended persistence on tobacco (Leidy et al. 1977) and peach trees (Winterlin et al. 1975), reduced volatilization to the atmosphere (Jackson and Lewis 1979) and reduced mammalian toxicity with increased user safety (Ivy 1972). However, Pass and Dorough (1973) reported that e.c. and encaps, formulations of MP gave equal weevil control in alfalfa and that the dissipation rates of the two MP formulations were the same. The present study was undertaken to compare the persistence of MP and EP, applied as e.c. and encaps, formulations, on cotton foliage under field conditions in the Mid-South. This paper presents the results of research only. Mention of a pesticide does not constitute a recommendation for use by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture nor does it imply registration under FIFRA as amended. Names of products are included for the benefit of the reader and do not imply endorsement or preferential treatment by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.
Anharmonicity and the interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon infrared emission spectrum

The hypothesis that interstellar infrared emission originates from vibrationally excited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) requires that emission can arise from all vibrational levels that are energetically accessible. Due to anharmonicity, the emission from the upper vibrational levels is shifted to longer wavelengths from that of the v = 1-0 transition. It is shown that structure in the 3-micron region is readily and quantitatively explained by emission from upper vibrational levels of excited PAHs that contain a maximum of 20-30 carbon atoms. The asymmetrical broadening of the 11.3-micron emission band may also be due to anharmonicity.
AP-2 factors act in concert with Notch to orchestrate terminal differentiation in skin epidermis.

The mechanisms by which mammalian epidermal stem cells cease to proliferate and embark upon terminal differentiation are still poorly understood. By conditionally ablating two highly expressed transcription factors, AP-2α and AP-2γ, we unmasked functional redundancies and discovered an essential role for AP-2s in the process. In vivo and in vitro, AP-2 deficiency is accompanied by surprisingly minimal changes in basal gene expression but severely perturbed terminal differentiation and suppression of additional transcription factors and structural genes involved. In dissecting the underlying molecular pathways, we uncover parallel pathways involving AP-2 and Notch signaling, which converge to govern CCAAT/enhancer binding protein genes and orchestrate the transition from basal proliferation to suprabasal differentiation. Finally, we extend the striking similarities in compromising either Notch signaling or AP-2α/AP-2γ in developing skin to that in postnatal skin, where all hair follicles and sebaceous gland differentiation are also repressed and overt signs of premalignant conversion emerge.
Quantification of MicroCT Image Intensity and Nanoparticle Concentration in Agarose Gel

In recent years, magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia has attracted a lot of attentions in cancer treatment due to its ability to confine heat within the tumor with minimal collateral thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.1–4 The success of the treatment using magnetic nanoparticles depends on careful planning of the heating duration and achieved temperature elevations. It has been demonstrated by previous research that the generated volumetric heat generation rate or Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) should be proportional to the nanoparticle concentration distribution in the tumors. The difficulty encountered by bioengineers is that the nanoparticle concentration distribution is often unknown, since the tissue is opaque. Recently, high-resolution microCT imaging technique has been used to visualize magnetic nanoparticle distribution in tumors. MicroCT has been shown to generate detailed 3-D density variations induced by nanoparticle depositions in both tissue-equivalent gels and tumor tissues.5–6 However, experimental studies are still needed to quantify the relationship between the microCT pixel index number shown in the scanned images and the actual nanoparticle concentrations.© 2012 ASME
Effect of temperature on growth of juvenile Oreochromis mossambicus and Sarotherodon melanotheron

Survival and competitive ability of juvenile fish is often dependent on their growth rate. Temperature is the physical component of their environment which most affects growth rate. To determine the effect of temperature on the growth rate of two exotic warm water species we measured growth of Oreochromis mossambicus and Sarotherodon melanotheron at 25, 30 and 35°C. There was a significant interaction of species and temperature on growth. The growth rate of O. mossambicus was faster than that of S. melanotheron at 25 and 30°C but slower at 35°C. Weight gain of S. melanotheron was significantly greater at 30°C than at 25°C. Weight gain of O. mossambicus at 25 and 30°C was significantly greater than at 35°C. Temperature had no effect on the weight-length relationship of either species.
An analytical method for trifluoroacetic acid in water and air samples using headspace gas chromatographic determination of the methyl ester

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of trace levels of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), an atmospheric breakdown product of several of the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) replacements for the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants, in water and air. TFA is derivatized to the volatile methyl trifluoroacetate (MTFA) and determined by automated headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) with electron-capture detection or manual HSGC using GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method is based on the reaction of an aqueous sample containing TFA with dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in concentrated sulfuric acid in a sealed headspace vial under conditions favoring distribution of MTFA to the vapor phase. Water samples are prepared by evaporative concentration, during which TFA is retained as the anion, followed by extraction with diethyl ether of the acidified sample and then back-extraction of TFA (as the anion) in aqueous bicarbonate solution. The extraction step i...
Discrete tomography with a very few views, using Gibbs priors and a Marginal Posterior Mode approach

Abstract We propose a marginal posterior mode (MPM) approach to the reconstruction of 3D label images from only a few projections, using Gibbs priors. This work is motivated by electron tomography of biological macromolecules. The strategy is to produce a tessellation of space into small voxels and label each voxel as containing ice, protein, or ribosomal nucleic acid (RNA), based on (because of the radiation damage) only a few electron micrographs.
Lorcaserin, a selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist, decreases alcohol intake in female alcohol preferring rats

Abstract Serotonergic systems in the brain have been found to be important in the addiction to alcohol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel 5-HT 2c receptor agonist, lorcaserin for reducing alcohol consumption in alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Adult female rats were allowed to drink water or alcohol (12%, v/v ) using a standard two-bottle choice procedure. Once stable baselines were established, the acute (0, 0.3125, 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg, s.c.), and chronic (0, 0.625 mg/kg, sc for 10 days) effects of lorcaserin on alcohol intake and preference were assessed at different time points. In a separate experiment, the effects of lorcaserin on locomotor activity were determined. Our results show that both 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg lorcaserin significantly reduced alcohol intake at 2, 4 and 6 h. after the drug administration. The chronic administration of 0.625 mg/kg lorcaserin significantly reduced alcohol intake up to 6 h every day after the injection and there was no sign of diminished efficacy of the drug during 10-day treatment. To determine the effects of lorcaserin on sucrose intake, rats were put on a two-bottle choice of water vs a solution of 7% sucrose. The high dose of lorcaserin (1.25 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced sucrose intake only for up to 2 h. When tested for locomotor activity, lorcaserin injected 20 min before testing significantly reduced locomotor activity at all doses. However, when it was injected 5.5 h before the start of the 1-h session, neither dose had a significant effect on locomotor activity. These results show the efficacy of lorcaserin in reducing alcohol intake without a significant effect on water intake and locomotion suggesting the involvement of 5-HT 2c receptors in alcohol seeking behavior. Further research is warranted to determine the possible efficacy of lorcaserin or similar drugs as treatments for the treatment of alcoholism.
Effects of Full Order Geopotential Hessian on Precision Orbit Determination of Geodetic Satellites

Abstract : Successful satellite operations often depend on the ability to precisely determine the satellite's position throughout it's operational lifetime. Often, simplified models are used to reduce the computational complexity when producing an orbit determination solution. One example is the use of lower order gravitational terms when computing the state transition matrix. The US Naval Research Laboratory's Orbit Covariance Estimation and Analysis software is used to characterize the affects of using the full order geopotential terms when calculating the state transition matrix. Orbit solutions are calculated for several geodetic satellite using satellite laser ranging data. The RMS of the error residual and number of iterations needed for convergence are used as metric to evaluate the difference of using the full order geopotential to calculate the state transition matrix. It is found that typically the RMS error is the same when the higher order gravitational terms are used; however, the number of iterations needed for convergence are often lower. Additionally, the difference in the orbit solution between both methods is examined. Surprisingly, these orbit solutions may differ by up to several meters. This indicates that the higher order gravitational terms should always be considered when calculating the state transition matrix. Because fewer iterations are often needed, this can result in an overall decrease in computational time required.
Status and Power: The Principal Inputs to Influence for Public Managers

The authors identify status and power as the principal bases of influence for public managers and describe how managers can use this conceptual distinction to increase their influence. Status is defined as the degree to which one is respected by one's colleagues, and power is defined as asymmetric control over valued resources. Different social and relational processes govern (1) how people determine who is, and who ought to be, high status versus powerful and (2) how status and power affect individual psychology and behavior. To illustrate key points, the authors provide examples of individuals from the public sector and public service organizations. The framework of interpersonal influence gives practitioners behavioral strategies for increasing their status and power as well as a way to assess and diagnose interpersonal dimensions of their own performance in their jobs and careers.
Epidermal growth factor in human milk: Daily production and diurnal variation during early lactation in mothers delivering at term and at premature gestation

Epidermal growth factor is a polypeptide that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types, including the developing intestinal epithelium; it is the agent in human milk that induces mitosis in human fibroblast culture. We systematically evaluated the EGF content of milk from 20 women delivering prematurely and from 11 women delivering at term. In preterm mothers, the concentration of EGF was 70±5 ng/ml (mean±SEM), with no significant change during seven weeks of lactation. EGF concentration in milk of term mothers was 68±19 ng/ml (mean±SEM). No diurnal variation in the concentration was found. Total EGF content was closely correlated with the volume of milk expressed, suggesting a passive transport from the circulation. These observations confirm that a substantial amount of EGF is present in human milk and that EGF concentrations are not affected by duration of gestation, time of day, or duration of lactation.
Early and Late Retirement Exits.

The current study proposes that personal need fulfillment (relatedness, generativity, identity, growth, and finances) predicts early and late retirement intentions. The personal needs of 160 full-time older employees were measured by personal goals, job satisfactions, job characteristics, and intrinsic motivation. Results suggest that the personal needs fulfilled by job employment remain important in retirement. The expectation for personal need fulfillment for identity, growth, and relatedness shifts from work to retirement for those who intend to retire early. The results are discussed in terms of the need for greater study of the relationship between expectations of personal need fulfillment, worker self-concept, and retirement decisions.
The Decline of Good Jobs: How Have Jobs with Adequate Pay and Benefits Done?

This economist defines good jobs as those that pay a reasonable minimum and also include health care and pension benefits. The share of such jobs in the economy has declined since 1979. For men, the decline is especially sharp. Given that the workforce is better educated and more experienced, a decline is all the more an indication that the labor market is failing the American worker.
The support systems of older people: A test of the exchange paradigm.

This article tests the efficacy of the exchange paradigm for explaining the distribution of feelings of obligation and life satisfaction among 1,346 persons interviewed in the Social Security Administration's 1977 Midwestern Retirement Community Study. A simple correlational analysis was employed with these data. No substantive support is provided for the exchange paradigm as presented by Homans, Adams, and Dowd. Only the support given by older respondents in their primary relationships seems to be systematically and inversely related to life satisfaction. And, even these correlations are quite modest by any standard. The advantages of formalizing the exchange theory are discussed. In addition, problems of operationalization as well as conceptual and theoretical problems are addressed in an attempt to facilitate replication and reformulation by other researchers.
RFLP analysis of genomic regions associated with cooked-kernel elongation in rice.

As a result of earlier breeding efforts, portions of the genome of “Basmati 370” have been introgressed into a rice breeding line, B8462T3-710. Cooked-kernel elongation was increased in this breeding line to a level equal to that of “Basmati 370”. The objective of this study was to identify and locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with cooked-kernel elongation in an F3 population derived from a cross between B8462T3710 and the reduced-elongation recurrent parent variety, Dellmont. DNA from the parental lines and “Basmati 370” as a control, were screened for RFLPs using 170 clones chosen to cover the rice genome at intervals of 8 cM on average. Eighteen markers identified RFLPs common to Basmati 370 and B8462T3-710, but different from Dellmont, suggesting possible associations with kernel elongation. The B8462T3-710/Dellmont F3 population was analyzed for segregation of those RFLPs and for kernel elongation. Analysis of variance of the kernel elongation ratio revealed that two markers, 14.6 cM apart on chromosome 8, are significantly associated with this trait (RZ323 P ≤0.005, RZ562 P ≤0.05). Interval mapping suggests a single QTL with a close proximity to RZ323. This QTL was tested in F6 lines derived from the same cross and the presence of the B8462T3-710 segment detected by RZ323 caused a highly significant increase of the kernel elongation ratio (P ≤0.04). In addition, the QTL for kernel elongation and a gene for aroma, which are major components of the grain quality characteristics of Basmati-type rices, showed linkage. The availability of linked markers to the QTL may facilitate early selection for kernel elongation in rice breeding programs.
Differential Regulation of Alternatively Spliced Endothelial Cell Myosin Light Chain Kinase Isoforms by p60Src

The Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent endothelial cell myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) triggers actomyosin contraction essential for vascular barrier regulation and leukocyte diapedesis. Two high molecular weight MLCK splice variants, EC MLCK-1 and EC MLCK-2 (210-214 kDa), in human endothelium are identical except for a deleted single exon in MLCK-2 encoding a 69-amino acid stretch (amino acids 436-505) that contains potentially important consensus sites for phosphorylation by p60(Src) kinase (Lazar, V., and Garcia, J. G. (1999) Genomics 57, 256-267). We have now found that both recombinant EC MLCK splice variants exhibit comparable enzymatic activities but a 2-fold reduction of V(max), and a 2-fold increase in K(0.5 CaM) when compared with the SM MLCK isoform, whereas K(m) was similar in the three isoforms. However, only EC MLCK-1 is readily phosphorylated by purified p60(Src) in vitro, resulting in a 2- to 3-fold increase in EC MLCK-1 enzymatic activity (compared with EC MLCK-2 and SM MLCK). This increased activity of phospho-MLCK-1 was observed over a broad range of submaximal [Ca(2+)] levels with comparable EC(50) [Ca(2+)] for both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated EC MLCK-1. The sites of tyrosine phosphorylation catalyzed by p60(Src) are Tyr(464) and Tyr(471) within the 69-residue stretch deleted in the MLCK-2 splice variant. These results demonstrate for the first time that p60(Src)-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation represents an important mechanism for splice variant-specific regulation of nonmuscle MLCK and vascular cell function.
Conflicting natural and anthropogenic threats reduce nest success in centrarchid fishes

As anthropogenic presence in riverine systems increases, it is essential to understand the associated impacts on ecologically important species such as centrarchid fishes. We tested the hypothesis that the conflicting pressures of natural factors (e.g., predation threat), the perceived threat of human traffic, and the impacts of habitat degradation would negatively influence centrarchid nest success. We surveyed centrarchid nesting areas in the Cacapon River, West Virginia, USA and collected a suite of biotic and habitat variables for each nest found. From these data, we analyzed site selection and nest success in three centrarchid species and male flight response to perceived harm in the most common (longear sunfish, Lepomis megalotis). We detected patterns of nest site selection in all species surveyed, with a large degree of overlap in influential variables. Males did not select for nest sites near in-stream cover, which appeared to reduce nest success by acting as refugia for benthic brood predators. However, the protection provided by cover dampened the magnitude of response to perceived harm. Therefore, the pressures of human and natural threats were contradictory, likely reducing fitness and fecundity. Future restoration procedures should seek to conserve nesting habitat by limiting the impacts of human presence.
Strangers' Ratings of the Five Robust Personality Factors: Evidence of a Surprising Convergence With Self-Report

Attempted to replicate and extend the results of Passini and Norman (1966), who found surprising evidence ofconver~nt validity (i.e., significant correlations with the targets' self-ratings) in strangers' judgments of 5 broad personality factors. In the current study, 250 previously unacquainted Ss were run in small, same-sex groups of various sizes. Ss rated both themselves and their fellow group members on the same set of 20 bipolar trait scales used by Passini and Norman. Consistent with previous research, significant self-peer agreement correlations were obtained for Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Ratings of Agreeableness also sho~xt significant convergent validity when a sufficient number of peers rated the target. More generally, self-peer agreement correlations tended to rise as the number of peer raters increased. Possible explanations for the validity of strangers' trait ratings are discussed.
Quantifying the effects of distance and conspecifics on colonization: experiments and models using the loosestrife leaf beetle, Galerucella calmariensis

The ability of an insect to disperse to new habitat patches is difficult to quantify, but key to the establishment and persistence of populations. In this study, we examined dispersal of the phytophagous chrysomelid beetle, Galerucella calmariensis, which is currently being introduced into North America for the biological control of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), an aggressive wetland weed. We used a mark, release, and recapture approach to determine how rates of colonization of host patches by this beetle are influenced by the distance of the patch from the source of dispersers, and by the presence of conspecifics at the patch. We released color-coded beetles at six distances from a long, linear patch of purple loosestrife that was divided into segments with and without conspecifics. We observed initial flight directions as beetles left the release points and collected all beetles that settled at the target patch. We found a bias in initial flight toward the target for distances up to 50 m. Over the 7 days of the experiment, beetles arrived at the target from all release points, including the farthest release point, 847 m away. G. calmariensis was strongly attracted to conspecifics when settling after dispersal; 86% of the 582 recovered beetles came from the segments inhabited by conspecifics. The probability of an individual arriving at the patch declined steeply with release distance. This relationship fits a model in which beetles move in a random direction and stop if they intercept the target patch, and where beetles are lost at a constant rate with distance travelled. The dispersal and patch-colonizing behavior of G. calmariensis is likely to have important consequences for the biological control program against purple loosestrife.
Patterns in Intimate Partner Homicide California, 1987-1996

This article examines correlates and patterns of intimate partner homicide by relationship type and gender ratio of victimization with data for over 2,500 such homicides committed in California between 1987 and 1996. Many of Wolfgang's findings for spousal homicide in Philadelphia 40 years ago are reproduced in the authors' analysis of presentday California. Similar to Wolfgang, they find that female-perpetrated intimate homicides are especially likely to occur in private settings, to result from arguments, and to involve knives as the instrument of death. They also find, as did Wolfgang, that the ratio of female-to-male perpetrated killings is substantially higher among African Americans than among other groups. Although the range of relationship types is considerably broader than when Wolfgang conducted his research, encompassing large numbers of unmarried cohabiting couples, Wolfgang's research remains a durable foundation for understanding how the most intimate human relationships end in homicide.
EARLY DETECTION OF GASTRIC SECRETORY DEFICIENCY BY TUBELESS ANALYSIS AND CYTOLOGY.

Gastric cells were obtained from 795 individuals who were participating in a program of achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria detection by tubeless analysis (Diagnex Blue). Cellular changes were classified into 4 grades, according to the degree of gastric cell maturation impairment present. Cell maturation disorders of Grades II–IV were present in 347 individuals of whom the tubeless test revealed achlorhydria in 323 (93%) and hypochlorhydria in 24 (7%). In 181 of the 795 cases a comparative evaluation was made of the results from tubeless analysis, gastric intubation, and gastric cytologic examination. Gastric smears with cellular changes of Grades II–IV were found in 110 cases. The tubeless analysis was indicative of achlorhydria in 106 (96.3%) and hypochlorhydria in 4 (3.7%). The presence of normal cells alone was of limited diagnostic significance. Comparison of the cytologic findings with the results of tubeless analysis revealed that cells with impaired maturation were absent in 67 (12.5%) of 536 cases with achlorhydria. The closer correlation of impaired gastric cell maturation with the results from tubeless analysis than with those from intubation indicates that the tubeless method may be more sensitive for the detection of slight degrees of gastric secretory deficiency. Although the interpretation of the tubeless test may not always be in keeping with the results of gastric intubation, tubeless analysis seems to present a valuable method for the finding of cases of impaired gastric cell maturation.
The effect of posterior wall support defects on urodynamic indices in stress urinary incontinence.

Abstract Objective: To determine if posterior vaginal wall defects affect urodynamic indices and mask stress urinary incontinence. Methods: Ninety women with grade 0, 1, 2, or 3 posterior wall defects were evaluated prospectively by complete urodynamics to assess their urinary complaints. None had severe anterior or apical support defects. Urethral pressure profilometry and cough stress test were performed with the posterior wall in the unretracted position and then with the posterior wall retracted using a split speculum. Analysis of covariance was used to compare adjusted mean differences in maximum urethral closure pressure, functional urethral length, and units of leakage volume during the cough stress test in the unretracted and retracted positions among the posterior wall grade groups. Results: In women with grade 3 posterior wall defects, there were significant changes from the unretracted to the retracted position in maximum urethral closure pressure of −7.0 cm H 2 O, (99% confidence interval [CI] −12.4, −1.6), functional urethral length of −0.3 cm (99% CI −0.5, −0.1), and leak volume units of +0.7 (99% CI 0.4, 1.0) during the cough stress test. There were four women with grade 3 posterior wall defects who demonstrated potential stress incontinence when their posterior wall was retracted. Conclusion: A grade 3 posterior wall defect may artificially raise maximum urethral closure pressure, increase functional urethral length, and mask urinary stress incontinence during a cough stress test. Women with grade 3 posterior wall defects should be tested with the posterior wall retracted during urodynamic evaluation.
When relatives and friends ask physicians for medical advice: ethical, legal, and practical considerations.

Physicians often are asked for advice about medical matters by relatives and friends. These range from requests for simple information to requests for medical opinion and judgment and more substantial involvement by the physician. I comment on the motivations and expectations of the requester and the physician, and the legal, ethical, and practical considerations related to such requests. I recommend: (1) Be clear about the expectations of the requester and yourself, including whether you are being asked for simple factual information, your medical judgment and opinion, or more substantial involvement in the situation. (2) Treat your interactions with relatives or friends with the same professional expertise and judgment as you would any patient. (3) Be aware that a physical examination and especially charging a fee strengthen the establishment of a legal relationship with the requester as your patient. (4) Respect the requester’s autonomy and confidentiality and conform to HIPAA requirements where applicable. (5) Be aware of the potential conflict between your roles as a relative or friend and as a physician.
The structure of elastic scattering: are tensor exchanges peripheral?

Abstract The energy dependences of π ± p , K ± p, pp and p p elastic scattering data in the 3 to 30 GeV range are presented by effective trajectories. A simple law dependence is possible for all reactions but pp, which exhibits a break in energy dependence at 8 GeV. A pure pomeron interpretation of K+p and pp requires a pomeron trajectory slope α′P ≈ 0.7, in disagreement with recent determinations from γp → φp and pp ISR esperiments. For pomeron trajectory slopes in the range 0 d σ/ d t ( A B ) + d σ/ d t ( AB ) ]. The structure of the f residue is dependent on the value of α′P
Convergence of the Cahn-Hilliard equation to the Hele-Shaw model

We prove that level surfaces of solutions to the Cahn-Hilliard equation tend to solutions of the Hele-Shaw problem under the assumption that classical solutions of the latter exist. The method is based on a new matched asymptotic expansion for solutions, a spectral analysis for linearizd operators, and an estimate for the difference between the true solutions and certain approximate ones.
Binding Capacity of α-Crystallin to Bovine Lens Lipids

Three experiments were performed to determine the alpha-crystallin binding capacity of bovine lens lipid vesicles. In one experiment lipid was kept constant (2.5 mg ml-1) and the alpha-crystallin concentration was changed (0.5 to 3.0 mg ml-1). In another experiment, alpha-crystallin was kept constant (1 mg ml-1) and the concentration of lipid was varied (0.25 to 3 mg ml-1). We calculated the binding capacity of the lipid to be 0.33 +/- 0.05 (S.D.) mg alpha-crystallin (mg lens lipid)-1. This was confirmed by changes in the anisotropy and fluorescent intensity of a probe that partitions at the headgroup region of the lipid bilayer. Near 0.33 mg alpha-crystallin (mg lens lipid)-1 the fluorescence intensity and anisotropy of the probe increases and plateaus which indicates that concomitant with alpha-crystallin binding, water is excluded from the head group region of the bilayer and the headgroup region becomes less mobile. It is possible that alpha-crystallin binding could protect and stabilize the lipid bilayer and decrease membrane permeability.
Adolescents' Health Beliefs and Acceptance of a Novel Preventive Dental Activity: Replication and Extension

The Health Belief Model is currently receiving substantial attention in the field of health education, not only because the Model attempts to explain health behavior but also because it specifies variables which are presumed to be modifiable. This article presents data from an adolescent population which contradict both of these assumptions. In addition, the data suggest that compliance with new preventive dental activities seems to be higher for children who have practiced similar activities before, with some minimal but not high level of parental involvement. However, in general, both health beliefs and acceptance of new activity were relatively unrelated to prior dental experiences and behavior among these children.
TWO-Stream Maxwellian Kinetic Theory of Cloud Droplet Growth by Condensation

A new growth rate formula (NGRF) is developed for the rate of growth of cloud droplets by condensation. The theory used is a modification of the Lees-Shankar theory in which the two-stream Maxwellian distribution function of Lees is used in Maxwell's method of moments to determine the transport of water vapor to and heat away from the droplet. Boundary conditions at the droplet are the usual conditions set in terms of accommodation coefficients, and the solution passes smoothly into diffusion flow in the far region. Comparisons are given between NGRF and the conventional formula showing close agreement (approximately 0.1%) for large radii with significant difference (approximately 5%) for small radii (not greater than 1 micron). Growth times for haze droplets in a Laktionov chamber are computed.
Point-to-Point Migration Functions and Gravity Model Renormalization: Approaches to Aggregation in Spatial Interaction Modeling

Two distinct approaches to assessing the effect of geographic scale on spatial interactions are pursued. In the first, the question of whether a distance (d) deterrence function, which explains interactions for one system of zones, can also succeed on a more aggregate scale, is examined. Only the two-parameter function, B0+B1d, (B1 |B1|, 0 < d ≤ -B0/B1) for which it is found that distances between macrozones are weighted averages of distances between component zones, is satisfactory in this regard. Estimation of continuous (point-to-point) functions—in the form of quadrivariate cubic polynomials—for US interstate migration streams, is then undertaken. Upon numerical integration, these (higher order) trend surfaces yield predictions of interzonal and intrazonal movements at any scale of interest. Tests of spatial stationarity, isotropy, and symmetry of interstate migration are conducted in this framework.
Wafer-scale packaging of RF MEMS for 50-90 GHz

An RF MEMS capacitive membrane switch with interconnects and bonding surfaces for wafer-scale packaging is demonstrated for 50-90 GHz with un-bonded cap wafers.
A generator of direct manipulation office systems

A system for generating direct manipulation office systems is described. In these systems, the user directly manipulates graphical representations of office entities instead of dealing with these entities abstractly through a command language or menu system. These systems employ a new semantic data model to describe office entities. New techniques based on attribute grammars and incremental attribute evaluation are used to implement this data model in an efficient manner. In addition, the system provides a means of generating sophisticated graphics-based user interfaces that are integrated with the underlying semantic model. Finally, the generated systems contain a general user reversal and recovery (or undo) mechanism that allows them to be much more tolerant of human errors.
Noise correlation in compact diversity receivers

The impact of antenna mutual coupling on signal correlation in multi-antenna receivers has been studied in great detail. By contrast, there has been little work on how mutual coupling affects noise. In this paper we present a noise model for a diversity receiver that includes noise generated by the antennas, front-end amplifiers, and other receiver components. This model shows that noise in a compact diversity receiver may be spatially correlated. Expressions relating noise correlation to properties of the antennas and amplifiers are derived and its impact on the outage probability of an optimal diversity combiner is studied. Examples illustrating the relationship between mutual coupling and noise correlation demonstrate how different noise sources may impact performance in profoundly different ways.
Diffraction efficiency of localized holograms in doubly doped LiNbo(3) crystals

The diffraction efficiency of M holograms superimposed in the volume of the recording medium is proportional to 1/M^2. We present a method, based on nondestructive localized holograms in a doubly doped LiNbO3 crystal, that allows us to also record M holograms in the same volume without an exposure schedule or a diffraction efficiency that has 1/M dependence. We compare experimentally the final diffraction efficiency obtained with the localized and distributed recording methods.
SEED DISPERSAL AND POTENTIAL FOREST SUCCESSION IN ABANDONED AGRICULTURE IN TROPICAL AFRICA

Natural forest succession on human-disturbed lands is often slow because the resources necessary for succession are depleted. In such landscapes, forest succession may be dependent on arrival of seeds from off-site, many of which are dispersed by fruit- eating animals. We studied bat and bird seed dispersal in a deforested agricultural area adjacent to Kibale National Park, Uganda. Seed rain was monitored for 6 mo in short ( 11 200 seeds collected were from hemi- epiphytic Ficus that are unable to grow from the ground. One-third of collected seeds were from shrubs, and most of the remainder were from trees. Nearly all tree and shrub seeds collected (>99%) were species typically found in disturbed grassland, not in forest. These results suggest that in this African region, forest succession may proceed very slowly on degraded lands.
Ottilie and Symbolic Representation in Die Wahlverwandtschaften

Goethe's pithy formulation of the idea behind Die Wahlverwandtschaften–“sociale Verhaltnisse und die Conflicte derselben symbolisch gefast darzustellen” - points in two opposing directions. If one places the emphasis on “sociale Verhaltnisse” one could view the work as a novel of manners, of “worldliness,” focussed on a particular segment of late eighteenth-century aristocratic society. But this model serves a negative function and leads us to examine the other part of Goethe's pronouncement, what is meant by symbolisch. In this work symbolic representation is to be conceived not so much in terms of the iconicity or translucence of objects or figures than as a process of reduplication and seriation that brings into play contrasting yet mutually interacting elements. Ottilie's deployment in the course of the novel represents an implicit but unmistakable condemnation of the social world so meticulously delineated at the start. What she enacts as retreat from the world, renunciation, and death at the level of the plot may be viewed meta-poetically as the withdrawal of personality from the requirements of social specification and its reinscription as symbol.
A Therapeutic Jurisprudence Approach to the Trial Process in Domestic Violence Felony Trials

This article presents a therapeutic jurisprudence approach to the prosecution of domestic violence–related felony trials. After demonstrating how the current trial process has antitherapeutic effects on victims, the article sets forth a series of recommendations for prosecutors in using a client-centered model during the trial process. These recommendations include the following: anticipating defenses in domestic violence cases, having positive pre-trial interactions with victims to empower them through the process, using pretrial motions to limit negative victim character evidence and introduce evidence about the defendant’s prior abuse, and the importance of allowing victims to contextualize the violence in their testimony during trial.
Predicting onset and severity of pollen seasons in a semi-arid climate

Abstract Rationale Prediction of airborne pollen may be useful in the management of allergic airway disease. Methods Pollen was collected continuously over a seven year period in Tucson, Arizona, using a 7-day recording volumetric Burkard spore trap. Meteorologic data available from a site in central Tucson were studied in the year before pollen collection and during the years of collection, including temperature variables, solar radiation, rainfall, and relative humidity. Olea (olive), Ambrosia (ragweeds) and Poaceae (grasses) were studied. Results There was a positive correlation between increased rain in February and Olea pollen numbers in the following pollen season (p=0.02). Minimum temperatures between January 15th and February 15th correlated with reduced total annual Olea pollen counts (p=0.02). High accumulated solar radiation and low rainfall in the 2 months before the Ambrosia season correlated with delayed onset of the season ( p Ambrosia pollen count correlated strongly with high rainfall in the preceding two months ( p Conclusion The onset and extent of the season of certain allergenic pollen types may be predicted by climatic variables.
Establishing the benefits of research experiences for undergraduates in the sciences: First findings from a three-year study

Descriptions of student-identified benefits of undergraduate research expe- riences are drawn from analysis of 76 first-round student interviews gathered at the end of summer 2000 at four participating liberal arts colleges (Grinnell, Harvey Mudd, Hope, and Wellesley). As part of the interview protocol, students commented on a checklist of possible benefits derived from the literature. They also added gains that were not on this list. Students were overwhelmingly positive: 91% of all statements referenced gains from their experiences. Few negative, ambivalent, or qualified assessments of their research ex- periences were offered. The benefits described were of seven different kinds. Expressed as percentages of all reported gains, they were personal/professional gains (28%); "thinking and working like a scientist" (28%); gains in various skills (19%); clarification/confirmation of career plans (including graduate school) (12%); enhanced career/graduate school prepa- ration (9%); shifts in attitudes to learning and working as a researcher (4%); and other benefits (1%). C
Anglo-American Securities Regulation

Introduction 1. English attitudes toward securities regulation at its inception, 1690-1720 2. The South Sea bubble and English law, 1720-1722 3. English securities regulation in the eighteenth century 4. The development of American attitudes toward securities trading, 1720-1792 5. American securities regulation, 1789-1800 6. American attitudes toward securities trading, 1792-1860 7. American securities regulation, 1800-1860 8. Self-regulation by the New York brokers, 1791-1860 Conclusion Bibliography Index.
Quantitative morphology of full thickness rotator cuff tears.

The occurrence of full thickness rotator cuff tears (RCTs) at time of death, the size and distribution of those tears among the tendons of the rotator cuff, and the anterior to posterior and medial to lateral dimensions of the RCTs were determined. A subset of 57 shoulders from a group of 414 were found to have full thickness rotator cuff tears. The three-dimensional coordinates of specific bony landmarks and points defining the circumference of the RCT were digitized using a Flock of Birds DC electromagnetic tracking device. Bony landmarks were used to determine the separation between adjacent tendons of the rotator cuff. Points describing the circumference of the RCT were used to calculate the area of the tear. The majority of tears occurred in the supraspinatus tendon alone (25), or in both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons (22). The areas of the RCTs ranged from 0.07 cm(2) to 19.17 cm(2) with an average of 4.43 cm(2). The mean anterior to posterior length was 1.95 cm. The mean medial to lateral length was 1.98 cm.
Responses of areas 3b and 1 in anesthetized squirrel monkeys to single- and dual-site stimulation of the digits.

Stimulation of the skin evokes topographically organized activation in somatosensory cortex. This representation is context dependent, however, since a different cortical topography is observed in area 3b when stimulated with complex tactile stimuli that evoke the von Bekesy funneling illusion. Here we report on the population responses, as observed with intrinsic optical imaging, of area 1 and area 3b in the anesthetized squirrel monkey to pressure indentation of distal finger pads. Individual finger pad stimulation revealed that area 1 exhibited a smaller magnification factor than 3b, as evidenced by a smaller area of activation elicited by distal finger pad stimulation. Effects of paired finger pad stimulation produced largely similar effects in area 1 and area 3b. Paired finger pad stimulation produced reductions in the area of digit activation in area 1, suggesting the presence of lateral inhibition and funneling of information in area 1. Suppressive effects were stronger for paired stimulations at adjacent than at nonadjacent sites. Single-unit recordings revealed a mixture of either a summation or a suppression of the response to paired finger stimulation, compared with single finger pad stimulation of the primary digit. However, the average population response showed that paired finger pad stimulation resulted in response suppression. Based on this study and previous studies, we suggest the presence of at least three distinct ranges of lateral inhibition in areas 3b and 1.