cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Major disruption characteristics with a toroidal limiter in PDX

Abstract The PDX tokamak provides an experimental facility for the comparison of a variety of limiter configurations. A large data base of disruption characteristics has been obtained during operation with (a) an inner wall toroidal limiter with its limiting surface at 85 cm, giving a = 40 cm for R = 125 cm, (b) top and bottom carbon rail limiter giving R = 143 cm, a = 40 cm, and (c) an outboard scoop limiter giving R = 153 cm, a = 40 cm. The results show that the average current decay rate ΔI ΔT (kA/ms) for disruptions on the inner wall limiter is about four times faster than for those on the rail or scoop limiters. In addition, the achievement of discharges with q ψ less than 3 ( q ψ is the equilibrium safety factor calculated by a MHD code) with the inner wall toroidal limiter is extremely difficult, due to the rapid growth of an m = 3, n = 1 mode as q approaches three. However, the disruption is often triggered by the growth of an m = 2, n = 1 mode after the m = 3, n = 1 mode has saturated in amplitude. The transport phase of the disruption phenomena has the same time scale regardless of limiter configuration. Numerical calculations of resistive MHD stability have been used to explain some of these disruption characteristics.
How long is long enough? The utility of prolonged inpatient video EEG monitoring

Video EEG monitoring (VEM) is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). We sought to determine the benefits of prolonged length of stay (LOS). We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients admitted for VEM. We analyzed LOS for ES and PNES patients to determine if there was reduced utility, as evidenced by a significantly higher inconclusive outcome, beyond a certain duration. We calculated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine optimal cut off points for LOS based on futility. Patients admitted with presumed PNES were significantly more likely to have an inconclusive admission (31/150, 20.7%) versus all others (58/446, 13%, p=0.033). There was no significant difference in the likelihood of having an inconclusive admission if monitoring was continued for any duration in patients with ES (area under curve, AUC, 0.46). For patients with PNES, a LOS ≥5 days was associated with an increased risk of the stay being inconclusive (28% versus 12.5%, p=0.026). Although the ROC curve suggested a cut off of 5.5 days, it did not predict outcomes well (AUC 0.52, sensitivity 0.55, specificity 0.5). Based on our data, prolonging VEM appears useful for the proper classification and localization of ES.
A Novel Approach for Determining Source-Receptor Relationships in Model Simulations: A Case Study of Black Carbon Transport in Northern Hemisphere Winter

A Gaussian process emulator is applied to quantify the contributions of local and remote emissions of black carbon to its concentrations in different regions using a Latin hypercube sampling strategy for emission perturbations in the offline version of the Community Atmosphere Model Version 5.1 (CAM5) simulations. The source‐receptor relationships are computed based on simulations constrained by a standard free-running CAM5 simulation and the ERA-Interim reanalysis product. The analysis demonstrates that the emulator is capable of retrieving the source‐receptor relationships based on a small number of CAM5 simulations without any modifications to the model itself. Most regions are found to be most susceptible to their local emissions. The emulator also finds that the source‐receptor relationships are approximately linear, and the signals retrieved from the model-driven and reanalysis-driven simulations are very similar, suggesting that the simulated circulation in CAM5 resembles the assimilated meteorology in ERA-Interim. The robustness of the results provides confidence for application of the emulator to detect dose‐response signals in the climate system.
Interaction of Trichohyalin with Intermediate Filaments: Three Immunologically Defined Stages of Trichohyalin Maturation

"Trichohyalin" is a 220-kD protein found in trichohyalin granules that are present as major differentiation products in the medulla and inner root sheath cells of human hair follicles. It was unclear whether this protein served as an intermediate filament precursor in the inner root sheath or as an intermediate-filament-associated (matrix) protein. We have produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies (AE15-17) to this protein and used them to trace its fate during inner root sheath differentiation. These studies have allowed us to define three immunologically distinct forms of this trichohyalin protein. They are 1) the AE15-positive form, which is found throughout all trichohyalin granules; 2) the AE16-positive form, which is localized as discrete punctae on the surface of trichohyalin granules; and 3) the AE17-positive, intermediate-filament-bound form, which associates with the inner root sheath filaments with a regular, 400-nm periodicity. From these results we suggest that the 220-kD trichohyalin protein is an intermediate-filament-associated protein that may play a role in the lateral aggregation, precise alignment, and stabilization of inner root sheath filament bundles.
Boundedness relations for linear constraint sets

Abstract In the first three sections, relationships between the feasible sets of primaldual linear programming pairs are developed. A theorem of Clark [2] says that, for a linear programming pair in standard symmetric form, whenever the primal feasible set is nonempty and bounded the dual set is unbounded. We extend this theorem by showing that when the primal feasible set is nonempty it is bounded if and only if, in the dual feasible set, all variables, including slacks, are unbounded. We show, in fact, that, whenever a linear program pair in standard symmetric form has optimal solutions, a primal variable is bounded if and only if its complementary dual variable is unbounded; therefore the total number of bounded variables (primal and dual, including slacks) must always be equal to the total number of unbounded variables, and this common value must be equal to the total number of constraints, primal and dual. Results along similar lines are obtained for the primal-dual programs in the nonstandard form, i,e., when some constraints may be equalities or some of the variables may be unrestricted in sign. The latter results sharpen some of those of Charnes, Cooper, and Thompson [1]. In the final section the same methods are used to obtain results concerning the bounded and unbounded variables in the solution sets for linear inequalities when the matrix is “copositive” or “adequate.” This extends the work of Lemke [9] and of Cottle [3].
Design, influence, and social technologies: techniques, impacts, and ethics

Our actions and opinions - "what we know and believe, how we behave and make decisions" - are embedded in and shaped by webs of social relationships. Small individual actions that flow within networks can lead to broad systemic dynamics that fundamentally impact how societies function economically, socially, and culturally. Social technology provides a set of affordances that makes it easier for individuals to manage this web of relationships and the information that flows through it. But designers can configure and make use of the same affordances to influence user behavior. As much of the connected world races to adopt social technology, we have a responsibility both to understand its impacts and to develop ethical guidelines for its use, as its impacts could be profound.
Characterization of the tableting properties of β-cyclodextrin and the effects of processing variables on inclusion complex formation, compactibility and dissolution

AbstractThe tableting properties of a number of commercially available β-cyclodextrins were characterized. Fluidity was insufficient for routine direct compression. Compactibility varied by source but was excellent. Lubrication requirements were minimal. An inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin/Progesterone was formed and the tableting properties of the complex were compared to those of a physical mixture in both directly compressed and wet granulated products. Inclusion complexes spontaneously formed during wet granulation processing. Substantial differences in tableting properties were found as processing variables were changed. β-cyclodextrin exhibits considerable promise as a standard filler binder in tableting.
Large deformation and adhesive contact studies of axisymmetric membranes.

A model membrane contact system consisting of an acrylic copolymer membrane and a PDMS substrate was utilized to evaluate a recently developed nonlinear large-deformation adhesive contact analysis. Direct measurements of the local membrane apex strain during noncontact inflation indicated that the neo-Hookean model provides an accurate measure of membrane strain and supports its use as the strain energy function for the analysis. Two membrane contact geometries, exhibiting significantly different strain distributions during withdrawal, were investigated. The first examines the wet contact of an air pressurized membrane. The second looks at the dry contact of a fluid deformed membrane in which a stepper motor controls membrane–substrate separation. A time-dependent modulus emerges from the analysis, with principal tensions obtained from a comparison of predicted and experimental membrane profiles. The applicability of this numerical analysis for determining membrane tension, however, is limited by wrinklin...
Colour constancy using the chromagenic constraint

In this paper we propose that two images are captured of every scene: a normal image and an image captured where a coloured filter is placed in front of the camera. This additional information is then used in solving for colour constancy. The novelty of our approach is not that we add a colour filter (this is an old idea) but in how we use the additional information. In contradistinction to previous work we propose that the dimensionality of the 6 measurements per image pixel remains at 3 (not 6): we do not add a filter to increase the number of degrees of freedom but rather as a way of estimating the illuminant. We say that a filter is chromagenic if the relationship between filtered and unfiltered RGBs varies with and depends strongly on illumination. The canonical chromagenic algorithm works by testing the applicability of pre-computed relations in situ in an image. We extend the chromagenic approach to incorporate knowledge of the gamut of colours we expect to see under a given light and so in effect we make a hybrid gamut mapping + chromagenic algorithm. Experiments validate our approach with chromagenic gamut mapping shown to deliver significantly better constancy than all other algorithms tested.
Adaptive multiuser detection for underwater acoustical channels

An underwater acoustic local area network (ALAN) provides multipoint-to-point telemetry between many high-rate, ocean-bottom sensors and a central, surface-deployed receiver in the 10-30 kHz vertical acoustical channel. Ocean-bottom modems initiate the transmission process by requesting data channel time slots via a common narrow-band request channel. Request packets overlap in time and frequency in this channel, and the throughput and average transmission delay rely heavily on the successful resolution of the request packet collisions. This paper presents the design, analysis, and experimental demonstration of a request channel receiver capable of resolving collisions between several asynchronous and cochannel packets. The receiver algorithm differs from standard capture schemes (by demodulating the data from both strong and weak transmitters), conventional spread-spectrum receivers (by overcoming the near-far problem), and existing multiple-access demodulation techniques (by adapting to the number of interfering signals, and the unknown phase, Doppler, amplitude, and timing of each signal in the collision). The receiver demodulates the collided packets by decision-directed techniques through a novel method of estimating the interference for each user which minimizes error propagation due to inaccurate tentative decisions. An inwater experiment illustrates that this technique is extremely desirable for collision resolution in underwater acoustic local area networks, and also for underwater autonomous vehicles with both sidescan sonar as well as acoustic telemetry links. >
Nexus between Intelligence Education and Intelligence Training: A South African Perspective

This paper examines the nexus of intelligence education and training from a South African perspective with the focus on current practices in light of the country’s transition towards democracy. A brief overview is provided on the history and development of the South African intelligence community with specific focus on the civilian intelligence services from the period prior 1994 to date (2015). The main focus, however, is on intelligence education that is currently available from training institutions and universities in South Africa as registered with the Department of Higher Education as well as private training institutions on the one hand, and the intelligence training practices within the statutory intelligence environment on the other. To this extent, the relations between academic institutions and the intelligence structures in terms of education and training within South Africa are perused against other practices within the African continent and internationally. The approaches to the study of intelligence are also addressed within this paper. Likewise, the how, what as well as to whom – pertaining to intelligence education and training availability and accessibility to students and practitioners within South Africa, is reviewed and analysed with the focus on making recommendations for the enhancement and improvement thereof to enable a focus on preparing the next generation of professional intelligence officers. Disclaimer The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect any official Government views or expressions. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol8/iss5/15
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Ni–YSZ Anodes: Effect of Composition on Microstructure and Performance

Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ (La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 -yttria-stabilized zirconia) solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with varying Ni-YSZ active-layer compositions were compared electrochemically and structurally using a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope. Stereological analyses showed that the highest triple-phase boundary (TPB) density was at a Ni:YSZ volume ratio of ∼0.5. Although the electrode polarization resistance was minimized at the same composition as the TPB density maximum, the TPB density variation was too small to explain the observed variation in polarization resistance. This implies that polarization resistance was determined not only by TPB density, but also by other structural factors, such as phase tortuosity and contiguity.
Inquiry and Virtue: A Pragmatist-Liberal Argument for Civic Education

Liberal democracy and virtue have an uncomfortable relationship. The republican tradition ranging from the ancient world through the Atlantic tradition of the Founding Fathers, to present-day communitarians, argues that democracy relies uniquely on the virtue of its citizens. They hold that republics are not defeated from without, but corrupted from within. There is a dire need for a shared conception of the good life. Only then are citizens willing to act together and to make the sacrifices necessary for the common weal. Liberals, however, argue that a shared conception of the good life can be bought only at the price of freedom. Within a nation-state of our size and possessing our level of freedom, differing images of the good life are inevitable and worth respecting. Therefore, the state should not craft souls, but provide the conditions for all to flourish according to their own desired ends. Liberals are not tolerant of all forms of life. Moral doctrines, communities, and traditions that do not accept liberal values of tolerance, respect, liberty, equality, and free inquiry do not have a place in the liberal public sphere (although anti-liberal beliefs may be retained in one’s private life). However, liberals are in a uniquely difficult position because, while they may possess deeply held commitments regarding the need for openness, courage, or respect in a good life, part of that life includes not imposing their image of a good life on others. Liberals must find reasons for coercing fellow citizens that do not require a prior “conversion” to liberalism. They must find impartial reasons for their partiality. More sardonically, Robert Frost defined a liberal as someone “too broadminded to take his own side in a quarrel.” The contest between liberalism and virtue is particularly heated in the area of public education. Because public education is coerced, both by requiring attendance by the young and by taxation of adults, it is a test case for liberalism. Seemingly, public schools must refrain from imposing an image of human excellence on children of disparate faiths and traditions since the state sanctions those who do not comply. Take the example of California’s recent mandate that the historical contribution of homosexuals be included in the curriculum.As a liberal, it is possible to believe not only that toleration and respect of homosexual citizens are inherently good and necessary for the health of our democracy, but also that imposing these virtues through a coercive system of education is intolerant and disrespectful since it violates the right of illiberal parents to raise their children bs_bs_banner
Injuries of peripheral nerves of the leg, foot and ankle: an often unrecognized consequence of ankle sprains

Abstract Background : Ankle sprains are a common injury sustained in the athletic population. Ligamentous injuries have been well documented along with appropriate clinical examination procedures and effective management approaches. Identifying nerve injuries in the leg, foot and ankle has not always been as easy and successful management has at times been frustrating to the patient and the clinician alike. Some studies have identified the occurrence of peroneal (fibular) and tibial nerve injuries as a consequence of ankle sprains and an associated increased time for successful rehabilitation. Objectives : This paper reviews the literature specific to ankle sprains and the incidence of nerve injury as a consequence. It reviews the anatomical course and normal variations observed in the superficial and deep peroneal (fibular), tibial, and sural nerves as reported in the literature. Conclusions : Early recognition of nerve injury followed by appropriate management may help the patient and clinician set more realistic time limits for successful rehabilitation. Clinical implications for testing and treating these nerve injuries in the leg, foot and ankle are discussed with suggestions for potential research.
Distributed nonnegative matrix factorization for web-scale dyadic data analysis on mapreduce

The Web abounds with dyadic data that keeps increasing by every single second. Previous work has repeatedly shown the usefulness of extracting the interaction structure inside dyadic data [21, 9, 8]. A commonly used tool in extracting the underlying structure is the matrix factorization, whose fame was further boosted in the Netflix challenge [26]. When we were trying to replicate the same success on real-world Web dyadic data, we were seriously challenged by the scalability of available tools. We therefore in this paper report our efforts on scaling up the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) technique. We show that by carefully partitioning the data and arranging the computations to maximize data locality and parallelism, factorizing a tens of millions by hundreds of millions matrix with billions of nonzero cells can be accomplished within tens of hours. This result effectively assures practitioners of the scalability of NMF on Web-scale dyadic data.
Nursing therapy of an incest victim.

This clinical report describes the nursing therapy provided to a college student in her mid-20s. She had recurring nightmares from which she awoke almost nightly. This student reported a history of sexual abuse from age 8 to age 13. She exhibited problems in self-esteem and other identity issues. The therapy initially focused on making this student aware of other aspects of her selfhood besides the sexual, as well as structuring her academic life so that she could continue to achieve academically. Later she was helped to explore her childhood experiences and their meanings in her current life. Her progress was notable; she finished school, was graduated Phi Beta Kappa, and married.
2D particle-in-cell modeling of dielectric insulator breakdown

Summary form only given. The intersection of metal, dielectric and vacuum, commonly referred to as the triple point, is widely believed to be the initiation point for dielectric insulator breakdown. Theoretical work has suggested that electron emission near the triple point due to an enhanced electric field is responsible for initiating flashover in high voltage insulation systems and RF breakdown in high power microwave windows. Preliminary work using 2D particle simulation has been conducted to calculate the breakdown voltage between two parallel conductors separated by an insulator. The effect of insulator angle and conductor separation distance has been investigated. The model uses a rotated coordinate system such that the insulator surface is aligned with the numerical grid, avoiding problems of multipactor phenomena on stair-stepped surfaces. However, the influence of the numerical boundary conditions, which varies with their distance from the insulator surface, on the electric field near the triple point has not been fully understood. In this work, we improve existing simulation models in order to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for dielectric breakdown. The particle model includes the effects of space charge, which was neglected in previous models.
jPredictor: a predictive runtime analysis tool for java

jPredictor is a tool for detecting concurrency errors in Java programs. The Java program is instrumented to emit property-relevant events at runtime and then executed. The resulting execution trace is collected and analyzed by Predictor, which extracts a causality relation sliced using static analysis and refined with lock-atomicity information. The resulting abstract model, a hybrid of a partial order and atomic blocks, is then exhaustively analyzed against the property and errors with counter-examples are reported to the user. Thus, jPredictor can "predict" errors that did not happen in the observed execution, but which could have happened under a different thread scheduling. The analysis technique employed in jPredictor is fully automatic, generic (works for any trace property), sound (produces no false alarms) but it is incomplete may miss errors). Two common types of errors are investigated in this paper: dataraces and atomicity violations. Experiments show that jPredictor is precise (in its predictions), effective and efficient. After the code producing them was executed only once, jPredictor found all the errors reported by other tools. It also found errors missed by other tools, including static race detectors, as well as unknown errors in popular systems like Tomcat and the Apache FTP server.
Residual Stress Measurement by X-Rays: Errors, Limitations and Applications

In a recent Air Force Materials Conference on residual stress analysis the fact that x-ray diffraction was the only non-destructive method presently available which could measure residual stresses in most crystalline materials, i.e., metals and ceramics, was acknowledged. However, it was also recognized that for the many successful applications there were also a number of mis-applications due to inexperience, over-optimism of just plain poor procedures on the part of the engineer or technician performing the measurements. Finally it was concluded that the greatest impediment to greater applications of the x-ray stress method was the limited field adaptability and portability of existing instrumentation.
The Experience of Dementia in China

This paper reports the results of a longitudinal study carried out in urban China on the health and mental status of 200 elders 70 years of age or older and focuses on the experience of dementia. While older people and their families are aware of the phenomenon of dementia, it does not evoke the kind of dread that is common among Americans. This different response can be traced to beliefs about dementia, cultural values, and situational features of contemporary Chinese life.
An autoregressive growth model for longitudinal item analysis

A first-order autoregressive growth model is proposed for longitudinal binary item analysis where responses to the same items are conditionally dependent across time given the latent traits. Specifically, the item response probability for a given item at a given time depends on the latent trait as well as the response to the same item at the previous time, or the lagged response. An initial conditions problem arises because there is no lagged response at the initial time period. We handle this problem by adapting solutions proposed for dynamic models in panel data econometrics. Asymptotic and finite sample power for the autoregressive parameters are investigated. The consequences of ignoring local dependence and the initial conditions problem are also examined for data simulated from a first-order autoregressive growth model. The proposed methods are applied to longitudinal data on Korean students' self-esteem.
Outcomes of Nurse Practitioner-Delivered Critical Care: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background Acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) are increasingly being employed in ICUs to offset physician shortages, but no data exist about outcomes of critically ill patients continuously cared for by ACNPs. Methods Prospective cohort study of all admissions to an adult medical ICU in an academic, tertiary-care center between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013. The primary end point of 90-day survival was compared between patients cared for by ACNP and resident teams using Cox proportional hazards regression. Secondary end points included ICU and hospital mortality and ICU and hospital length of stay. Results Among 9,066 admissions, there was no difference in 90-day survival for patients cared for by ACNP or resident teams (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.94; 95% CI, 0.85-1.04; P = .21). Although patients cared for by ACNPs had lower ICU mortality (6.3%) than resident team patients (11.6%; adjusted OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.94; P = .01), hospital mortality was not different (10.0% vs 15.9%; adjusted OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73-1.03; P = .11). ICU length of stay was similar between the ACNP and resident teams (3.4 ± 3.5 days vs 3.7 ± 3.9 days [adjusted OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93-1.1; P = .81]), but hospital length of stay was shorter for patients cared for by ACNPs (7.9 ± 11.2 days) than for resident patients (9.1 ± 11.2 days) (adjusted OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95; P = .001). Conclusion Outcomes are comparable for critically ill patients cared for by ACNP and resident teams.
The effect of implant placement and simultaneous soft tissue augmentation in the esthetic zone using either connective tissue autograft or acellular dermal matrix allograft.

THE EFFECT OF IMPLANT PLACEMENT AND SIMULTANEOUS SOFT TISSUE AUGMENTATION IN THE ESTHETIC ZONE USING EITHER CONNECTIVE TISSUE AUTOGRAFT OR ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX ALLOGRAFT Thomas L. Peterson, DMD
Zooarchaeology in Oceania: An overview

This paper explores several main themes in the zooarchaeology of Oceania, including the question of Pleistocene “overkill” and its relationship to island biogeography, human impacts on the indigenous faunal communities of Remote Oceania, the spread of the Pacific faunal package – pigs, dogs, chickens and the Pacific rat – throughout Oceania, and the impact of European colonialism on traditional hunting, foraging, fishing and animal husbandry regimes. The methodological implications of some of these big-picture questions are also discussed briefly.
Rat jejunal absorptive function after intestinal transplantation : effects of extrinsic denervation

Jejunal absorptive function was evaluated following small intestinal transplantation to determine the effects of extrinsic denervation. In particular, water and sodium absorption were measured following transplantation (denervated) and compared to a control group (Thiry-Vella). Water flow was initially secretory two days after transplantation (−41±27 μl/min/g dry tissue weight) but became absorptive at day 8 (25±25). Water flow in the Thiry-Vella group was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the transplant group at days 8 (17±7) and 10 (47±42). Sodium flows were also initially secretory in the transplant group and became absorptive. This study refutes previous claims that small bowel transplants have a deficiency of water absorption due to extrinsic denervation of the bowel and suggests normal absorptive function of water, electrolytes, and protein.
The Digital Camera is an Imaging System

We describe methods for simulating the complete image processing pipeline of a digital camera, including the scene, optics, sensor, processing and display output.
Art therapy for PTSD and TBI: A senior active duty military service member’s therapeutic journey

Abstract Art therapy is increasingly being accepted as a form of complementary and integrative care for military veterans affected by trauma and injuries in the line of duty. Less is known, however, about the applications of art therapy for co-morbid traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, most studies to date have focused on art therapy with veterans (former military service members) rather than with active duty service members; furthermore, there are no studies that have examined the unique context of PTSD in senior military personnel. This case study presents the therapeutic process through art therapy in the case of a senior active duty military service member (with chronic PTSD and TBI), in the context of an integrated model of care that included medical and complementary therapies.
The Impact of Environmental Policy Stringency on Industrial R&D Conditional on Pollution Intensity and Relocation Costs

Stringent environmental regulations may encourage industrial innovation, as technological advancements lower the cost of pollution abatement (Popp et al. in Handbook of the economics of innovation, vol II. Academic Press, Burlington, pp 873–938, 2010). The pollution-havens hypothesis, on the other hand, indicates that, rather than innovating, dirty industries may relocate to countries with less stringent environmental regulations (Copeland and Taylor in J Econ Lit 42(1):7–71, 2004). Thus, more stringent environmental regulations may increase or decrease innovative activities. This paper examines empirically the impact of environmental regulations on R&D intensities and R&D expenditures in 21 manufacturing industries in 28 OECD countries from 2000 to 2007. I consider pollution intensity and the relative ease of relocation (immobility) as industry characteristics that determine the optimal industry response to increased environmental policy stringency. I find that more pollution intensive industries innovate less as regulatory environments become more restrictive relative to less pollution intensive industries. At the same time, more immobile industries innovate more than more mobile industries as environmental regulations become more stringent, illustrating innovation as an alternative to relocation.
Boardroom Theater: Actors, Actions and Their Consequences

Seventy seven percent of low corporate governance ratings for U.S. publicly-traded companies are attributable to poorly-performing boards. Responding to calls for more research on interpersonal dimensions of directors’ behaviors and their relationship to board performance, we conducted inductive research based on semi-structured interviews with directors of high and low governance-rated small and medium sized US firms. Illumination of their “lived experiences” on public company boards revealed the criticality of cultural intelligence (CQ) to govern distinct front- and back-stage board performance. Although seldom used to screen board candidates, behavioral sensitivity of directors may be higher in high governance-rated boards where less institutional control over non-conformance also occurs. The role and effect of CQ in the context of boards has not previously been discussed. Implications for practice and for future research are noted.
Utility of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessing the Fetus with Cardiac Malposition

Objective Abnormal cardiac axis and/or malposition prompts evaluation of congenital heart disease; however, etiology may be difficult to clarify using obstetrical ultrasound or fetal echocardiography (echo) alone. We aimed to use fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a complementary tool to identify causes of cardiac malposition. Methods Review of fetuses diagnosed with cardiac malposition by fetal ultrasound and echo was performed. Etiology was classified as either because of heterotaxy syndrome or extracardiac masses. Reclassification was then performed with fetal MRI findings. Results were compared with postnatal diagnoses. Results Forty-two fetuses were identified as having abnormal cardiac axis and/or malposition. Twenty three of 42 cases (55%) had extracardiac anomalies, while 19 (45%) were because of heterotaxy. Twelve of 42 (29%) cases were reassigned by fetal MRI (five in heterotaxy group and seven in the lung anomaly group). Four cases (33%) had both cardiac disease and extracardiac masses, not previously recognized. Fetal MRI clarified heterotaxy subtype or removed heterotaxy diagnosis in five (26%) patients. Fetal MRI findings were confirmed in 8 of these 12 cases postnatally. Conclusion Fetal MRI is a useful complementary tool to define etiology of cardiac malposition in complex cases for informative prenatal counseling and planning. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies to Design a Mixed-Reality Immersive Environment and Influence Teen Health Behaviors

The influence of combined experiential learning through face-to-face instruction and immersive environment (IE) on health behavior change has not been examined extensively. The goal of the WAVE∼Ripples for Change Childhood Obesity Prevention project was to determine the effectiveness of teaching nutrition and physical activity knowledge with an IE designed to reinforce these healthy behaviors (i.e. Rippleville), and if it could improve overall diet and physical activity. Participant engagement was crucial for the participant’s exposure to the decision-making process and data collection. This paper describes the strategies implemented in Rippleville to maximize participation and to engage a remote and scattered teenage population into an IE, including our mixed-reality models, as well as learning, engagement, and programming strategies.
Magnetic-anisotropy-induced spin blockade in a single-molecule transistor

We present a mechanism for a spin blockade effect associated with a change in the type of magnetic anisotropy over oxidation state in a single molecule transistor, by taking an example of an individual ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{2}{({\mathrm{C}}_{8}{\mathrm{H}}_{8})}_{3}$ molecule weakly coupled to nonmagnetic electrodes without linker groups. The molecule switches its magnetization direction from in-plane to out-of-plane when it is charged. In other words, the magnetic anisotropy of the molecule changes from easy plane to easy axis when the molecule is charged. By solving the master equation based on a model Hamiltonian, we find that current through the molecule is highly suppressed at low bias independently of gate voltage due to the interplay between spin selection rules and the change in the type of magnetic anisotropy. Transitions between the lowest magnetic levels in successive charge states are forbidden because the magnetic levels differ by $|\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}M|g1/2$ due to the change in the type of magnetic anisotropy, although the total spins differ by $|\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}S|=1/2$. This current suppression can be lifted by significant $\mathbf{B}$ field, and the threshold $\mathbf{B}$ field varies as a function of the field direction and the strength of magnetic anisotropy. The spin blockade effect sheds light on switching the magnetization direction by non-spin-polarized current and on exploring effects of this property coupled to other molecular degrees of freedom.
Study of configuration and simulation test on 220kV reserve power source automatic connection in 500kV substation of Shanghai power grid

Due to the particularity of city status of Shanghai, the requirement of its power supply reliability has been increased. As important automatic safety device, application of reserve power source automatic connection on higher voltage will increase reliability of power supply in a larger scale. According to primary connection and protection configuration of Shanghai power grid, study has been made on main logic points of 220kV reserve power source automatic connection in 500kV substation, the influence of switching procedure on both primary and secondary devices is simulated, RTDS dynamic simulation is also made on logic functions of 220kV reserve power source automatic connection according to real parameters of 500kV Jing'an substation. 220kV reserve power source automatic connection has been successfully put into operation in Jing'an substation.
Efficacy of Baxter’s Longer Acting rFVIII (BAX 855) in Mouse Models of Hemophilia A

Abstract 4350 Factor VIII (FVIII) is a critical component of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. FVIII concentrates are used in patients with hemophilia A to provide a hemostatic FVIII level sufficient to treat and prevent bleeding episodes. Multiple prophylactic administrations per week are necessary to maintain a FVIII level of at least 1% of normal to effectively prevent or reduce spontaneous bleeding episodes. A longer acting FVIII concentrate would reduce the frequency of infusions. Baxter and Nektar have developed a longer-acting PEGylated variant (BAX 855) of Baxter’s recombinant FVIII (ADVATE process). The aim of the presented studies was to evaluate the efficacy of BAX 855 in two primary pharmacodynamics in hemophilia A mice: a tail-tip bleeding model (TTBM) and a carotid occlusion model (COM). BAX 855 was tested at a dose of 200 IU/kg rFVIII. ADVATE™ served as the active reference item, and formulation buffer as the negative control item. Mice received intravenous treatment with either BAX 855 or ADVATE™ 12–40h prior to the experiment. Buffer was administered 5–15min prior to the experiment. Animals were anesthetized using ketamine and xylazine. In the TTBM (n=16) the tip of the tail was cut off and total blood loss [mg] was assessed over 60 minutes. In the COM study (n=10) the left carotid artery was exposed and the endothelium was denuded by topical application of FeCl 3 . Time to occlusion [min] was assessed. Buffer-treated animals had a median blood loss of 951 mg in the TTBM and did not show vessel occlusion within 30 min in the COM. In the TTBM, a prophylactic effect of ADVATE™ could be observed for up to 18 h, leading to a reduction in blood loss to 121 mg after this treatment interval. Prophylactic efficacy after treatment with BAX 855 could be observed for up to 40 h with a median blood loss of 73 mg after 30 h and 436 mg after 40 h. In the COM, treatment with ADVATE™ 12 h before the experiment shortened the time to occlusion to 3.8 min. With BAX 855, a similar efficacy could be observed for up to 24 h after administration (5.2 min). In summary, the results of our studies show that BAX 855 is efficacious in these two mouse models of hemophilia A and that the efficacy of BAX 855 is prolonged compared with an unmodified rFVIII. Furthermore, the intravenous injection of BAX 855 was well tolerated in all animals across all treatment groups without any signs of acute toxicity. Disclosures: Schiviz: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Barbara: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Lawo: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Turecek: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Schwarz: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Muchitsch: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Hoellriegl: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment.
Greetings and compliments or street harassment?: Competing evaluations of street remarks in a recorded collection

In this article I evaluate competing discourses about the meaning of street remarks – the remarks men make to unacquainted women passing on the street – in 1000 comments posted to a YouTube video o...
Hepatoblastoma in an 11-year-old: Case report and a review of the literature.

RATIONALE Hepatoblastoma is a rare malignancy. Approximately 100 cases are diagnosed yearly in the United States. The highest incidence occurs in infants and in children younger than 5 years. Cases involving patients older than 5 years are very rare. We describe the case of a patient who was diagnosed with hepatoblastoma at an atypical age of presentation for this type of malignancy. We also performed Ovid MEDLINE search for hepatoblastoma and epidemiology reports occurring in children between the ages of 5 and 18 years. In this article we review the epidemiology and summarize case reports published between 1997 and 2012 of patients with hepatoblastoma, who were older than 5 years. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS Our patient is an 11 year old boy with stage IV hepatoblastoma with lung and omental metastases at diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS The patient received 7 cycles of chemotherapy following the treatment plan of COG protocol AHEP 0731, off study. He also had tumor resection and omentectomy and achieved complete remission. OUTCOMES He later had disease recurrence and after undergoing treatment with different modalities, ultimately died of his disease. Review of SEER program data shows that the incidence of hepatoblastoma in children above the age of 5 years is too infrequent to be calculated. Literature review revealed 13 cases of patients diagnosed at age older than 5 years. Most cases were published due to unusual associations and/or complications. There are no obvious unifying characteristics for these cases, although there may be a slight male preponderance and many patients in this selected series presented with elevated Alpha-fetoprotein. LESSONS The reported case is rare, given the very low incidence of hepatoblastoma outside of infancy. A systematic review of characteristics and outcomes for patients older than 5 years who are enrolled in cooperative group hepatoblastoma trials may reveal important information about the epidemiology and tumor biology in this rare patient population.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of avian neural crest migration reveals signatures of invasion and molecular transitions

Neural crest cells migrate throughout the embryo, but how cells move in a directed and collective manner has remained unclear. Here, we perform the first single-cell transcriptome analysis of cranial neural crest cell migration at three progressive stages in chick and identify and establish hierarchical relationships between cell position and time-specific transcriptional signatures. We determine a novel transcriptional signature of the most invasive neural crest Trailblazer cells that is consistent during migration and enriched for approximately 900 genes. Knockdown of several Trailblazer genes shows significant but modest changes to total distance migrated. However, in vivo expression analysis by RNAscope and immunohistochemistry reveals some salt and pepper patterns that include strong individual Trailblazer gene expression in cells within other subregions of the migratory stream. These data provide new insights into the molecular diversity and dynamics within a neural crest cell migratory stream that underlie complex directed and collective cell behaviors.
Liquid-Evaporation-Assisted Self-Folding of One-Dimensional Nanomaterials

When one-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials (e.g., nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoribbons) are suspended in a liquid droplet, once the liquid evaporation occurs at elevated temperatures, the sy...
Use of Genetically Engineered Mice for Research

Constructing a unique animal model that closely mimics a surgical disease of interest is an important step for researchers when embarking on a career in basic science research. The mouse is an excellent experimental model for defining human gene function because of the genetic similarity to humans and ease of manipulation by molecular means. Genomic sequencing has demonstrated that of ~30,000 genes in both mice and humans, only 1 % is unique to either species (Doyle et al., Transgenic Res 21(2):327–349, 2012). Despite this similarity, the creation of a significant number of genetically altered mice with the same phenotype can be a difficult task. Nevertheless, the use of genetically engineered mice has been, and continues to be, a powerful tool for studying human disease and developing therapeutics. The use of transgenic and knockout mice for research allows investigators to study gene function, dissect molecular mechanisms, and define cellular pathways underlying disease states. In order to accomplish this, consideration must be given to the pathophysiology of the disease to be modeled. A specific understanding of how the disease develops will affect which animal model will be best suited for one’s research investigations. By manipulating the mouse genome, researchers are able to accelerate the research process, discover novel targets, and make further contributions to various fields of research. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the creation of common mouse models of human disease and to serve as a resource for identifying specific mouse strains that may be used for research investigations.
General Introduction to Application of Stochastic Hydrology in Water Resources

Addition of stochastic hydrology to classical mathematical hydrologic statistics in the last three decades has meant new tools for more accurate solutions of various complex planning, design and operation problems in water resources development. Stochastic hydrology is conceived in this writing as studies and corresponding mathematical modeling of spatial-temporal hydrologic stochastic processes. Rush to develop models of these processes by researchers has often neglected the in-depth investigations of reliability of basic data and particularly of the structure of hydrologic inputs and outputs of water resources systems, namely their general composition of tendency, intermittency, periodicity and stochasticity. This neglect concerned not only details of these four characteristics but also their interactions. Several reasons of practical and general significance may justify efforts for mathematical modeling of hydrologic stochastic processes, the main one being the feasibility to simulate potential future samples of systems inputs and outputs, as well as their relationships, all for the purpose of solving more accurately complex water resources problems. Optimization of water resources decisions is benefited significantly by various forms of advanced hydrologic information, one of these forms being the hydrologic spatial-temporal stochastic models.