cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new rodent model for obstructive sleep apnea: effects on ATP-mediated dilations in cerebral arteries

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which the upper airway collapses during sleep, is strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Little is known how OSA affects the cerebral circulation. The goals of this study were 1) to develop a rat model of chronic OSA that involved apnea and 2) to test the hypothesis that 4 wk of apneas during the sleep cycle alters endothelium-mediated dilations in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). An obstruction device, which was chronically implanted into the trachea of rats, inflated to obstruct the airway 30 times/h for 8 h during the sleep cycle. After 4 wk of apneas, MCAs were isolated, pressurized, and exposed to luminally applied ATP, an endothelial P2Y2 receptor agonist that dilates through endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). Dilations to ATP were attenuated ~30% in MCAs from rats undergoing apneas compared with those from a sham control group (P < 0.04 group effect; n = 7 and 10, respectively). When the NO component of the dilation was blocked to isolate the EDH component, the response to ATP in MCAs from the sham and apnea groups was similar. This finding suggests that the attenuated dilation to ATP must occur through reduced NO. In summary, we have successfully developed a novel rat model for chronic OSA that incorporates apnea during the sleep cycle. Using this model, we demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction occurred by 4 wk of apnea, likely increasing the vulnerability of the brain to cerebrovascular related accidents.
Level-Specific Evaluation of Model Fit in Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling

In multilevel structural equation modeling, the “standard” approach to evaluating the goodness of model fit has a potential limitation in detecting the lack of fit at the higher level. Level-specific model fit evaluation can address this limitation and is more informative in locating the source of lack of model fit. We proposed level-specific test statistics for the test of overall model fit, comparative fit index, and root mean squared error of approximation using partially saturated models, and we also considered another level-specific approach proposed by Yuan and Bentler (2007). A simulation study showed that the standard approach failed to detect the lack of fit at the group level. The fit indexes produced by the level-specific approaches both successfully detected the lack of model fit at each level. There were only minor differences in the performance of the 2 level-specific approaches.
Tau pathology induces loss of GABAergic interneurons leading to altered synaptic plasticity and behavioral impairments

Tau is a microtubule stabilizing protein and is mainly expressed in neurons. Tau aggregation into oligomers and tangles is considered an important pathological event in tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tauopathies are also associated with deficits in synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP), but the specific role of tau in the manifestation of these deficiencies is not well-understood. We examined long lasting forms of synaptic plasticity in JNPL3 (BL6) mice expressing mutant tau that is identified in some inherited FTDs. We found that aged (>12 months) JNPL3 (BL6) mice exhibit enhanced hippocampal late-phase (L-LTP), while young JNPL3 (BL6) mice (age 6 months) displayed normal L-LTP. This enhanced L-LTP in aged JNPL3 (BL6) mice was rescued with the GABAAR agonist, zolpidem, suggesting a loss of GABAergic function. Indeed, we found that mutant mice displayed a reduction in hippocampal GABAergic interneurons. Finally, we also found that expression of mutant tau led to severe sensorimotor-gating and hippocampus-dependent memory deficits in the aged JNPL3 (BL6) mice. We show for the first time that hippocampal GABAergic function is impaired by pathological tau protein, leading to altered synaptic plasticity and severe memory deficits. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the synaptic failure in AD and FTD is critical to identifying targets for therapies to restore cognitive deficiencies associated with tauopathies.
A 19-Year-Old Young Woman With an Incidental Hepatic Mass

19-year-old young woman with a history of infectious mononucleosis 6 months earlier presented with hepatomegaly, but was asymptomatic. Ultrasound examination of the liver revealed a tumor in the left lobe, measuring 7 cm in diameter. A similar, smaller (1.5-cm) lesion was also noted in the right lobe. The patient underwent surgery. The right hepatic nodule was first excised and submitted for intraoperative consultation. The frozen sec
Predicting aggregate social activities using continuous-time stochastic process

How to accurately model and predict the future status of social networks has become an important problem in recent years. Conventional solutions to such a problem often employ topological structure of the sociogram, i.e., friendship links. However, they often disregard different levels of activeness of social actors and become insufficient to deal with complex dynamics of user behaviors. In this paper, to address this issue, we first refine the notion of social activity to better describe dynamic user behaviors in social networks. We then propose a Parameterized Social Activity Model (PSAM) using continuous-time stochastic process for predicting aggregate social activities. With social activities evolving over time, PSAM itself also evolves and therefore dynamically captures the real-time characteristics of the current active population. Our experiments using two real social networks (Facebook and CiteSeer) reveal that the proposed PSAM model is effective in simulating social activity evolution and predicting aggregate social activities accurately at different time scales.
Composition and synthesis of fatty acids in atherosclerotic aortas of the pigeon

The composition, synthesis, and esterification of fatty acids were studied in aortas of White Carneau and Show Racer pigeons after perfusion of the aortas with a medium containing acetate-1 J4C. For both breeds of pigeons the principal change in aortic fatty acids, in response to an atherogenic diet, was a marked increase in the percentage of oleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction. In atherosclerotic aortas incorporation of acetate-l-14C into the phospholipid and glyceride fractions increased 2-fold, while a much greater increase (up to 10-fold) was seen in incorporation into cholesteryl esters. In those birds receiving the atherogenic diet, palmitic acid accounted for approxi- mately 50% of the fatty acid radioactivity, compared with approximately 25% from control aortas. Calculation of fatty acid synthesis showed the major newly synthesized fatty acids to be stearic acid in the phospholipid fraction; stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids in the glycerides; and oleic acid in the cho- lesteryl esters. The pattern of fatty acid synthesis was closely similar to the actual fatty acid composition of the aorta. In atherosclerotic aortas an increased synthesis of all fatty acids was seen, but the greatest increase was seen in the syn- thesis of oleic acid and its esterification to cholesterol.
Determinants of U.S. private foreign direct investments in OPEC nations : from public and non-public policy perspectives

Previous research demonstrates that non-public policy variables (wage rate, raw material, GDP, GDP/capita, inverse of tax rate, and population) have significant influence in determining the flow of U.S. investment. Research has not, however, demonstrated that government accounting variables significantly affect Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) flow into either Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or non-OPEC countries. In light of this omission, the focus of this inquiry is on the examination of the potential influence of both government accounting and non-public variables in influencing the flow of the stock of U.S. foreign direct investment in the OPEC nations. To accomplish the objective, government accounting and non-public policy variables are employed to investigate whether they matter in determining investment flows into these countries. The results of the study suggest a direct linkage between the flow of FDI and accounting variables.
MRSA veroorzaakt thoraxempyeem na gebruik van thoraxdrains

Wij presenteren een casus van een 61-jarige man die na een traumatisch letsel van de thorax een thoraxempyeem ontwikkelt op basis van een meticillineresistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Dit is een ongebruikelijke verwekker bij een regelmatig optredende complicatie. Bij het gebruik van thoraxdrains in de acute setting zal in ongeveer 2 tot 25% van de gevallen als complicatie empyeem van de gedraineerde thoraxholte optreden. De meest voorkomende verwekker van deze complicatie is de Staphylococcus aureus en in mindere mate de streptokokken. Deze micro-organismen impliceren een causale rol van dermale contaminatie in de pleurale holte. Bijzonder in de besproken casus is het feit dat een MRSA de verwekker is geweest. Thoraxempyeem veroorzaakt door een MRSA, komt zeer zelden voor en is vrijwel alleen in de vorm van case reports beschreven na longchirurgie in het kader van een pulmonale maligniteit bij een immuungecompromitteerde patient. In de literatuur is aangetoond dat de duur van thoraxdrainage een onafhankelijke risicofactor is voor het ontstaan van empyeem. Het traumamechanisme en de setting (acuut/ electief) waarin de drain geplaatst wordt, lijkt geen invloed te hebben op het ontstaan van thoraxempyeem. Het optreden van een hematothorax is de belangrijkste oorzaak van pleuraal empyeem. Behandeling van het posttraumatisch optredende thoraxempyeem is chirurgisch: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) of thoracotomie en antimicrobiele behandeling op geleide van de kweek. Bij deze patient werd gekozen voor een thoracotomie en, op geleide van de kweek, behandeling met clindamycine om de MRSA optimaal te behandelen in een stadium 3-empyeem.
Assessment of surfactant activity in amniotic fluid for evaluation of fetal lung maturity

A method was developed which consistently detected surfactant activity in amniotic fluid from term pregnancies. Amniotic fluid was mixed with Sephadex and, following low-speed centrifugation, the surface-active material was recovered in the supernatant, free of cells and debris. Fifty-four samples from normal term pregnancies were surface active regardless of contamination with blood or meconium. Samples obtained at delivery of 6 normal premature infants were also surface active. By contrast, amniotic fluid taken at delivery of 6 infants who developed respiratory distress revealed little or no surface activity. The lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio in the latter 6 cases was low as expected. The results indicate that the above simple, rapid method provides consistent and reliable information relating to the state of surfactant function of the developing fetal lung and that this method may effectively screen prior to delivery infants at risk of developing the respiratory distress syndrome.
Consumer Savings in Complementary Product Bundles

Complementary bundling is a selling strategy whereby two or more products which are functionally related are sold at one combined price. Using a survey of prices, the findings indicate that while o...
The Effects of Institutional Change on Japanese Nuclear Policies

A growing chorus of American analysts today contends that Japan’s longstanding nuclear policies may be on the verge of radical change. Some opine that in addition to maintaining its commitment to building a “plutonium economy” based on fuel reprocessing and fast breeder reactors, Japan may soon decide to acquire nuclear weapons. In stark contrast to that analysis, others argue that Japanese public opinion has turned clearly against nuclear power on safety grounds, thus calling into question Japan’s heavy reliance on the technology for its electricity needs. Despite their differences, both sides in this debate share the idea that the Japanese institutional reforms since the 1990s have at least opened up considerable space for nuclear policy change. However, the detailed investigation of Japan’s new nuclear policy regime offered in this paper shows that the current institutional configuration is no more permissive of radical departures than the old one was. Whether or not there is political will for major nuclear policy change today, in fact such change could happen only after another equally wrenching institutional reform process.
FRACTURE OF THE ANTERIOR PROCESS OF THE CALCANEUS

Three cases of fracture of the anterior process of the calcaneus are reported. The injury is thought to be common but is believed to be hitherto undescribed. The injury is probably caused by forcible plantar-flexion of the foot. The treatment is immobilization in a circular plaster cast for three or four weeks followed by physiotherapy.
Building an Understanding of How Model-Based Inquiry Is Implemented in the High School Chemistry Classroom

Modeling as a scientific practice in K–12 classrooms has received a wealth of attention in the U.S. and abroad due to the advent of revised national science education standards. The study described herein investigated how a group of high school chemistry teachers developed their understanding of the nature and function of models in the precollege classroom through participation in a yearlong professional development program designed using model-based inquiry (MBI) as a framework. Further, we sought to understand the factors that catalyzed or hindered the incorporation of this pedagogy into the participants’ classrooms. It was found that the program positively influenced the teachers’ understanding of modeling as a scientific practice and facilitated growth in navigating pedagogical and conceptual challenges towards implementing modeling practices in their classrooms.
Stability of the tank treading modes of erythrocytes and its dependence on cytoskeleton reference states

We studied the tank treading motion of an erythrocyte (red blood cell, or RBC) in linear shear flows by using a boundary-element fluid-dynamics model coupled with a multiscale structural model of the cell. The purpose was to investigate the correlation between the reference (stress-free) state of the cytoskeleton and the cell dynamics in shear flows with relatively high capillary numbers. We discovered that there exist two distinctive modes of tank treading, mode 1 and mode 2. In mode 1 the membrane elements originating from the dimple areas keep close to the central plane, whereas in mode 2 these elements remain near the farthermost locations from the central plane. Mode 1 is also characterized by significantly higher breathing and swinging oscillations. During tank treading one mode may become unstable and switch to the other. Their stability depends on the viscosity ratio and the capillary number. At a fixed viscosity ratio, when the capillary number is increased the cell experiences sequentially a region dominated by mode 2, a mode 1/mode 2 bistable region and a region dominated by mode 1. More profoundly, these regions are highly sensitive to the reference state of the cytoskeleton. For example, compared with a cell with a biconcave reference state, a cell with a spheroidal reference state features a much smaller region dominated by mode 2. This finding may guide experiments to identify the actual reference state of these cells.
Using Photovoice With Undergraduate Interprofessional Health Sciences Students to Facilitate Understanding of and Dialogue About Health Disparities Within Communities

Overview. It is important that future health care providers be made aware of the health disparities affecting their communities and the populations they will serve. Photovoice is an example of an interactive teaching and research tool used to depict health disparities through the use of images within a community. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to assess the views of undergraduate interprofessional health sciences students after their use of photovoice to understand health disparities. Method. The photovoice project was implemented as part of a learning unit on health disparities within an undergraduate Health Literacy and Culture Care course with 12 class sections over 2 years. Purposive sampling was used to survey the students who completed the course during this 2-year period in order to assess how the assignment increased their understanding of and ability to address health disparities within the communities that they live and serve. Results. A majority of the participants (N = 48) strongly agre...
Treatment of cold injuries.

Recent intensive study has somewhat clarified the pathogenesis of cold injury and provided a basis for new technics of treatment. The greatest advance in immediate care of patients with frostbite can be accomplished by educating the public in early-care technics. The most important advance in therapy is the technic of rapid rewarming; however, it is not recommended when the part has been thawed and refrozen. The role of sympathectomy in the management of frostbite remains undefined.
On the Religious Reformation Thoughts of Muhammad Abduh

An Egyptian famous reformation person in 19 th century Muhammad Abduh, who made the ration as the first class in his ideas of religion reformations, for leading people out of the locked up traditional thoughts that time. It was known, the classic Greek Philosophy is the source of rationalism, and became one of remarks of Western civilizations in modern time. But in the fact, Muslim scholars had been studying the rationalism more than others and often applying it in the academic fields forever. The results of studying in rationalism took a great principles to Muhammad Abduh, that will be a very important for people in the religion life and social development today.
In vitro polarization of T-helper cells.

In vitro polarization of CD4(+) T cells along distinct T-helper (Th) lineages is critical for defining the factors and properties that determine the differentiation, stability, and effector functions of each Th subset. Furthermore, polarized cells can be transferred into naive syngeneic mice to investigate their trafficking patterns and pathological or therapeutic roles in the setting of infection, autoimmunity, and neoplasia. In this chapter, we describe methods for generating and characterizing a spectrum of CD4(+) Th cell lines in vitro. Protocols are provided that use naive wild-type or T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD4+ T cells, or a polyclonal population of primed CD4+ T cells from immunized mice.
Abstract 4333: Identification and optimization of the first highly selective GLUT-1 inhibitors

Increased glycolysis rates combined with an insufficient cellular respiration in tumor cells have been known for decades as the Warburg effect (1930). One of the key players in this metabolic alteration of cancer cells is glucose transporter 1 (or GLUT-1), which facilitates the transport of glucose across the plasma membranes of mammalian cells. Many tumor biopsies underline the crucial importance of GLUT-1 overexpression for the vitality of many tumor entities. Moreover the glucose uptake dependency of cancer cells can be visualized by the widespread clinical application of 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in PET tumor imaging. Therefore, inhibition of glucose uptake for the treatment of cancer seems to be an interesting approach. Based on our first identified GLUT-1 inhibitors (1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines) with modest selectivity profile, a high throughput screen (HTS) was performed to identify new potent lead structures with unique selectivity against the other members of the GLUT-1 family (GLUT-2,-3 and -4). Among several lead structures we identified from the HTS the quinoline carboxamides with the most promising selectivity profile. Extensive SAR elaboration by synthesizing more than 1600 new derivatives of the lead structure clearly revealed the essential moieties for high activity, potency, and selectivity. Additionally, we were able to improve the in vitro and in vivo PK properties permitting in vivo animal studies. We are able to report for the first time the preclinical profile and structure of the very potent and highly selective GLUT-1 inhibitor BAY-876 representing an ideal tool to further evaluate the scope and limitations of GLUT-1 inhibition as new therapeutic option. Citation Format: Marcus Bauser, Bernd Buchmann, Holger Siebeneicher, Arwed Cleve, Hartmut Rehwinkel, Roland Neuhaus, Iring Heisler, Thomas Mueller, Charlotte Christine Kopitz. Identification and optimization of the first highly selective GLUT-1 inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4333.
FPGA-Accelerated Particle-Grid Mapping

Computing the forces derived from long-range electrostaticsis a critical application and also a central part of MolecularDynamics. Part of that computation, the transformation of a charge grid to a potential grid via a 3D FFT, has received some attentionrecently and has been found to work extremely well on FPGAs. Here we report on the rest of the computation, which consists oftwo mappings: charges onto a grid and a potential grid onto theparticles. These mappings are interesting in their own right as theyare far more compute intensive than the FFTs, each is typicallydone using tricubic interpolation. We believe that these mappingshave been studied only once previously for FPGAs and then foundto be exorbitantly expensive, i.e., only bicubic would fit on the chip. In the current work we find that, when using the Altera Arria 10, not only do both mappings fit, but also an appropriately sized 3DFFT. This enables the building of a balanced accelerator for theentire long-range electrostatics computation on a single FPGA. Thisdesign scales directly to FPGA clusters. Other contributions include a new mapping scheme based on table lookup and a measure of the utility of the floating point support of the Arria-10.
Effective messaging to communicate news media literacy concepts to diverse publics

In an evolving news environment, our understanding and application of “news media literacy” must also evolve to equip individuals with the skills to critically engage with news and participate in p...
Analysis of Medicare Pay-for-Performance Contracts

Medicare has sought to improve patient care through pay-for-performance (P4P) programs that better align hospitals' financial incentives with quality of service. However, the design of these policies is subject to a variety of practical and institutional constraints, such as the use of "small" performance-based incentives. We develop a framework based on a stylized principal-agent model to characterize the optimal P4P mechanism within any set of feasible mechanisms in the regime of small incentives. Importantly, our feasible set can be flexibly modified to include institutional constraints. We apply our results to examine debated design choices in existing Medicare P4P programs, and offer several insights and policy recommendations. In particular, we find that these mechanisms may benefit by incorporating bonuses for top-performers, and using a single performance cutoff to uniformly assess performance-based payments. We also examine a number of comparative statics that shed light on when P4P mechanisms are effective.
Value and Selfhood: Pragmatism, Confucianism, and Phenomenology

This article articulates a dialogue between Edward Casey, Cheng Chung-ying, and me that began at the Eastern Division annual meeting in Philadelphia of the American Philosophical Association, in a session sponsored by the International Society for Chinese Philosophy. There, we read brief versions of the papers presented in this issue and commented on one another. Casey represented Continental phenomenology, Cheng the Chinese tradition as he has developed it into onto-generative hermeneutics, and I the melding of American pragmatic and Confucian traditions that I have been developing.
Subsequent Pulse Generator Replacement Surgery Does Not Increase the Infection Rate in Patients With Deep Brain Stimulator Systems: A Review of 1537 Unique Implants at a Single Center

Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-recognized treatment for patients with movement disorders and other neurological diseases. The implantable pulse generator (IPG) is a fundamental component of the DBS system. Although IPG implantation and replacement surgeries are comparatively minor procedures relative to the brain lead insertion, patients often require multiple IPG replacements during their lifetime with each operation carrying a small but possibly cumulative risk of complications. To better educate our patients and improve surgical outcomes, we reviewed our series of patients at our institution. Methods Using electronic health record data, we retrospectively reviewed all initial and subsequent IPG surgeries from patients who underwent at least one IPG surgery between the years of 2010 and 2015 at the Cleveland Clinic main campus. We calculated infection rates for initial IPG implantation surgeries and the infection rate for subsequent replacements. Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the chance of an infection between the initial implantation and replacement. Fisher's exact tests and simple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the predictive ability of selected demographic and clinical variables Results Our final sample included 697 patients and 1537 surgeries. For all patients, the infection rate at the first surgery was 2.01%; at the second surgery, it was 0.44%; and at the third surgery, it was 1.83%. When considering only patients that underwent at least three replacement surgeries (n = 114) the infection rate did not change in a significant manner with subsequent interventions compared to the first replacement. No other variable of interest was a significant predictor of infection. Conclusion We did not find increasing rates of infection with subsequent IPG replacement procedures.
Alive-Infer: data-driven precondition inference for peephole optimizations in LLVM

Peephole optimizations are a common source of compiler bugs. Compiler developers typically transform an incorrect peephole optimization into a valid one by strengthening the precondition. This process is challenging and tedious. This paper proposes Alive-Infer, a data-driven approach that infers preconditions for peephole optimizations expressed in Alive. Alive-Infer generates positive and negative examples for an optimization, enumerates predicates on-demand, and learns a set of predicates that separate the positive and negative examples. Alive-Infer repeats this process until it finds a precondition that ensures the validity of the optimization. Alive-Infer reports both a weakest precondition and a set of succinct partial preconditions to the developer. Our prototype generates preconditions that are weaker than LLVM’s preconditions for 73 optimizations in the Alive suite. We also demonstrate the applicability of this technique to generalize 54 optimization patterns generated by Souper, an LLVM IR–based superoptimizer.
Mitigation of electromagnetic vibration in PMSM: A rotor position related variable switching frequency technique

In this paper, a rotor position related variable switching frequency strategy is proposed to mitigate the electromagnetic vibration and noise due to pulse width modulated (PWM) harmonic current. It begins with an introduction of mathematical models for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Then, connection between PWM current ripple in d-q reference frame and electromagnetic radial force are analyzed. Next, switching frequency is modified online to adapt current ripple and vibration requirement, thus ameliorate the acoustic noise. It is expected that rotor position related variable switching frequency has the advantages of reducing radial force ripple and spreading the vibration spectrum. Experimental results comparing constant switching frequency and variable switching frequency have been presented.
Classification errors and response times over multiple distributed sessions as a function of category structure.

Learning difficulty orderings for categorical stimuli have long provided an empirical foundation for concept learning and categorization research. The conventional approach seeks to determine learning difficulty orderings in terms of mean classification accuracy. However, it is relatively rare that the stability of such orderings is tested over a period of extended learning. Further, research rarely explores dependent variables beyond classification accuracy that may also indicate relative learning difficulty, such as classification response times (RTs). Using a family of category structures defined over three binary dimensions and four positive examples that is well-known for its robust learning difficulty ordering, we report the results of two experiments that test the stability of the ordering (in terms of both errors and RTs) over multiple category learning sessions. The experimental stimuli consisted of instantiations of each of the six category structures in the family. These take the form of categories consisting of four “flasks” that vary along the binary features of size (large or small), shape (circular or triangular), and color (black or white). Experiment 1 shows that when participants are randomly presented instances of all six types, the difficulty ordering remains stable across all three sessions. This stability is present in terms of mean accuracy (errors) as well as mean RTs. In Experiment 2, participants were repeatedly exposed to category instances of a single type. In terms of errors, the ordering is revealed in the first session and disappears in later sessions. The opposite trend is observed for classification RTs: The ordering is not present in the first session but is revealed in later sessions. This suggests that even when individuals reach a relative degree of expertise in terms of reduced errors, the original degree of difficulty continues to influence processing. We interpret these results in the context of the concept learning and perceptual expertise literatures.
Early Stage Larynx Cancer

Laryngeal cancer affects approximately12,000 people in the United States each year, and nearly half of tumors present as an early-stage tumor (T1–2 N0) arising from the true vocal cords. The major risk factor for laryngeal carcinoma is tobacco use, and greater the 95 % of patients with laryngeal cancer have a history of smoking (Wydner et al. 1956). Other risk factors, like alcohol and gastroesophageal reflux disease, also may play a role in the in development of laryngeal cancers, although they rarely lead to this malignancy without a concomitant smoking history. The role of HPV in the etiology of laryngeal cancer is not clear, although HPV-positive laryngeal cancers have been reported.
Rigor vs. Relevance: A Practitioner's Eye View of an Explosion of IS Opinions

The Information Systems field has long been concerned with the issue of research rigor vs. research relevance. A recent IS World electronic discussion group opened up the subject once again; what follows is a collection of pithy quotes from that discussion, selected from an IS practitioner point of view.
I wish they would just disappear

While I have only known of Professor Stoler's work indirectly, I am truly grateful for the chance to engage with it more closely. Duress is a compelling work, an intellectual provocation demanding ...
Retaining International Faculty: Meeting the Challenge

The benefits of the presence of international faculty on university campuses are widely acknowledged. Their integration into campus life creates a global atmosphere and provides rich resources to encourage globalization efforts on campus. We set out to explore the perceptions of the challenges faced by our international faculty, with the further goal of meeting these challenges and increasing their retention. To probe these perceptions and address the challenges they identified, we created and disseminated a survey and interviewed our international faculty. The results of the study will be used to increase the retention of international faculty at our institution. The actions we propose will be to create more opportunities to socialize, provide more legal support, recruit more international students, offer mentorship based on cultural affinity, and make English language support and speech modification services available to international faculty and encourage them to take advantage of these services.
Molecular comparison of primary colorectal cancer (pCRC) with peritoneal metastases (PM).

498Background: PM from CRC are associated with poor outcomes; however, molecular differences are not defined. Methods: We compared tumor profiles of pCRC and PM patients (pts) from Caris Life Scien...
Recent Literature on Bryophytes—105(1)

AKIYAMA, H. 2001. Taxonomical units and their recognition in bryophytes, pp. 44-49, 4 figs. In Do-Soon Cho (ed.), Biodiversity: Status, Conservation and Restoration. Catholic University of Korea, Puchon. ALLEN, B. 2001. The genus Cynodontium (Musci: Dicranaceae) in Maine. Evansia 18: 41-50. ANDRE, C. & P L. REDFEARN, JR. 2001. Missouri mosses. Missouri Conservationist 62(8): 8-13. [Popular article illustrated with color photographs.] ANDREAS, B. K. 2001. Ohio wetlands: The peatlands. Part II-Fens. On the Fringe 19(3): 11-13. ANENKHONOV, O. A., I. HODALOVA, M. VALACHOVIW, V. MATISOVA, A. KUBINSKA & I. PISlT. 2001. List of vascular plants, lichens and mosses of the Gremjacaja Valley, Barguzinskij Range, East Siberia. Thaiszia 10: 151-163.
The Modern Law of Class Actions and Due Process

Our goal in writing this article was to offer helpful insight for a reformed interpretation and application of Rule 23 that would make the Rule serve its intended democratic function. The idea of due process is a promise of the rule of law tempered by reasonableness, fairness, and efficiency. It embraces both the value of individual autonomy and the collective interests of the community. The idea of class actions, premised on due process, is to provide a pragmatic method of dispute resolution that is fair to the individual and responsive to the needs of the community and the challenges generated by widely spread and shared harms. In this respect, class actions operate as a tool of democracy. Rule 23 should be interpreted from this hopeful and effective perspective, one that balances individual autonomy against the legitimate needs of the community. But the Rule is not accomplishing its mission. As we show in the article, it appears to be infused with its framers’ self-doubts, and the Supreme Court treats it as an unwelcome guest in the home of traditional litigation forms—see, for example, our discussions of Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corporation (1999); Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes (2011); Jennings v. Rodriguez (2018); Nutraceuticals Corp. v. Lambert (2019).
Predictors of Substance Use Latent Classes Among American Indian Youth Attending Schools On or Near Reservations.

Background and objectives Identical latent classes of substance use for 7 to 8 grade and 9 to 12 grade American Indian (AI) youth living on or near reservations suggest that patterns of substance use are established early among these youth. This study examines relationships of substance-related factors to latent class membership and whether these relationships differ by grade group. Methods In-school surveys were administered to 1503 7 to 8 grade and 1995 9 to 12 grade students from 46 schools on or near reservations during the 2009/2010 to 2012/2013 school years. Four-class latent class models of substance use were specified and five classes of substance-related factors (peers, substance availability, perceived harm, family, early initiation), plus grade level and gender, were evaluated as predictors. Results For 7 to 8 grade students, substance-related factors differentiated nonusers from users, while for 9 to 12 graders, these factors also differentiated types of users. Early initiation and peer factors were strongly related to class membership, while other factors were less strongly related. Discussion and conclusions Early initiation of alcohol or marijuana is strongly related to being in a substance-using class for AI youth. Because these youth tend to initiate use earlier that other US youth, prevention resources should be targeted to reaching them and their families before age 12. Scientific significance Predictors of latent classes of substance use were identified for reservation-based AI youth. While the classes were identical for 7 to 8 grade and 9 to 12 grade youth, predictors varied across grade group, which may inform how best to develop prevention efforts unique to middle and high school AI youth.
Mechanistic Investigation of HIV-1 Gag Association with Lipid Membranes

An extensive investigation into the initial association of HIV-1 Gag with lipid membranes was conducted with second harmonic generation. The roles of the lipid phase, phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate) [PI(4,5)P2], the presence of the myristoyl group on Gag, the C-terminus of Gag, and the presence of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) in Gag-membrane association were examined using the physiologically most relevant full-length Gag protein studied thus far. The tighter packing of a bilayer composed of gel-phase lipids was found to have a lower relative amount of membrane-bound Gag in comparison to its fluid-phase counterpart. Rather than driving membrane association of Gag, the presence of PI(4,5)P2 and the myristoyl group were found to anchor Gag at the membrane by decreasing the rate of desorption. Specifically, the interaction with PI(4,5)P2 allows Gag to overcome electrostatic repulsion with negatively charged lipids at the membrane surface. This behavior was verified by measuring the binding properties of Gag mutants in the matrix domain of Gag, which prevented anchoring to the membrane either by blocking interaction with PI(4,5)P2 or by preventing exposure of the myristoyl group. The presence of tRNA was found to inhibit Gag association with the membrane by specifically blocking the PI(4,5)P2 binding region, thereby preventing exposure of the myristoyl group and precluding subsequent anchoring of Gag to the membrane. While Gag likely samples all membranes, only the anchoring provided by the myristoyl group and PI(4,5)P2 allows Gag to accumulate at the membrane. These quantitative results on the kinetics and thermodynamics of Gag association with lipid membranes provide important new information about the mechanism of Gag-membrane association.
Family Based Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Children by Lifestyle Change: The PEP Family Heart Study.

Aim: The 14 years’ Prevention Education Program PEP was started 1994 among first graders, their siblings and parents living in the half million city Nuremberg (Germany). The aim of prospective family-based observational study was early detection and lifestyle intervention of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
3D-MiM (MUST-in-MUST) Technology for Advanced System Integration

An advanced 3D Multi-stack (MUST) system integration technology, 3D MUST-in-MUST (3D-MiM) fan out package, has been developed as next generation wafer-level fan-out package technology. 3D-MiM technology utilizes a more simplified architecture which eliminates BGAs between packages for system-level performance, power and form-factor (PPA) purpose. This technology also makes use of a modularized approach for both design and integration flow to improve design flexibility and integration efficiency. Known-good pre-stacked memory cube and/or logic-memory cubes are fabricated by leveraging the established integrated fan-out technology platform (InFO) in tools, materials, design rules, and processes to shorten development cycle time and achieve cost effectiveness. Two 3D-MiM fan-out examples are presented in this paper. The first 3D-MiM package integrates a SoC with 16 memory chips in a 15x15 mm2 footprint with 0.5 mm package height (final BGA included) for mobile application. The other 3D-MiM package integrates 8 SoCs with 32 memory chips in a 43x28 mm2 footprint to mimic a system integration of multiple logic cores and multiple memory chips for HPC applications.
Clinical engineering in the United States

Abstract Health technology (HT) is vital to health; the dependence of health, rehabilitation, and wellness programs on HT for the delivery of their services has never been greater. Therefore, it is essential that competent and trained professionals manage it in an optimal and safe way for better response to the burden of diseases, prevention, and the limited available resources. Trained Clinical Engineers (CEs) are academically prepared and appropriately responsible for HT life-cycle management, fulfilling a critical role as members of the healthcare team focusing on availability and reliability of safe and effective technologies, and thus care outcomes. Over the past 50 years, growing concerns among practicing professionals and the public about lack of knowledge on technology safety and risk management by government agencies and key stakeholders, coupled with the lack of technology introduction planning and commissioning contributed to the realization that safe and effective creation and deployment of HT must be led through policies and programs that address these concerns. This facilitated the creation of new engineering discipline that focuses on the development of technological solutions to problems encountered in the clinical environment where patient care has been provided. In addition, the need for life cycle management of these new technological tools promoted the need for professionals with clinically applied knowledge and technological expertise. National societies in the field of clinical engineering began to recruit members with prime example, which was the creation of the American College of Clinical Engineering (ACCE) in the United States in 1990, in response to the call, a year earlier, for new professional society dedicated to the interests of CEs.
Re-envisioning “Doing Everything” for an Infant with Trisomy 18

In the case presented here, we explore the care of Jena, a baby born with Trisomy 18 (T18) and concurrent life-threatening conditions, whose mother changes her mind in the delivery room about the b...
Kinetics of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Adsorption and Decomposition on Zirconium Hydroxide Using Variable Temperature In Situ Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy.

The decomposition mechanisms of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a widely used simulant for organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (CWAs), are relatively well understood from previous studies. ...
McDowell’s infallibilism and the nature of knowledge

According to John McDowell’s version of disjunctivism, a (non-illusory) perceptual experience has both a property that it shares with a subjectively indistinguishable illusory experience (the property of being an appearance that p) as well as a property that it does not share with a subjectively indistinguishable illusory experience (the property of being a fact that p making itself manifest to a subject). McDowell is also an infallibilist about justification; accordingly, he holds that a perceptual experience justifies a belief in virtue of the latter property. In this paper, I defend McDowell against an argument that purports to show that perceptual experiences justify beliefs only in virtue of the former property, the property that they share with illusory experiences. The argument is a version of Michael Huemer’s self-defeat argument for phenomenal conservatism; in Sect. 2 I show how the argument seemingly applies to show that McDowell’s infallibilism is false. I respond on behalf of McDowell to Huemer’s argument by developing McDowell’s idea of knowledge as cognitive purchase on a fact: I explain both why this idea requires infallibilism about justification (Sect. 3) and how this idea allows a response to Huemer’s argument (Sect. 4).
Association between Breastfeeding and Dental Caries in Children Aged 1-5 years

Background: Dental caries or tooth decay is considered a major public health problem. There are many factors linked to causing dental caries like sugared beverage intake, sleeping while being bottle fed etc. Breastfeeding is one of the factors for which a clear correlation, to whether it is protective or a cause of caries, is not available. Knowing the association between breastfeeding and dental caries helps better understand the effects of breastfeeding. Objective: We aimed to look at the association between breastfeeding and …
Hamilton-Jacobi equations for nonsymmetric matrix inference.

We study the high-dimensional limit of the free energy associated with the inference problem of a rank-one nonsymmetric matrix. The matrix is expressed as the outer product of two vectors, not necessarily independent. The distributions of the two vectors are only assumed to have scaled bounded supports. We bound the difference between the free energy and the solution to a suitable Hamilton-Jacobi equation in terms of two much simpler quantities: concentration rate of this free energy, and the convergence rate of a simpler free energy in a decoupled system. To demonstrate the versatility of this approach, we apply our result to the i.i.d. case and the spherical case. By plugging in estimates of the two simpler quantities, we identify the limits and obtain convergence rates.
High nitrogen to phosphorus ratio in a Texas coastal river: origins and implications for nutrient pollution sources and exports

Inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, oxygen levels, suspended solids, and planktonic primary productivity were monitored in Guadalupe River, a major waterway in southeast Texas. Our measurements have shown elevated levels of inorganic nutrients, with soluble reactive phosphorus reaching into 30 μg/L. Curiously, those elevated levels of nutrients combined with unexpectedly high nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio and low planktonic primary productivity. We attribute those phenomena to suspended solids acting as a selective sink for phosphorus while preventing effective photosynthesis in planktonic algae. At the same time, the potential for nitrogen removal is limited by abundant oxygen present in the water. This combination of low light, selective phosphorus removal, and high oxygen levels suggest that the Guadalupe River is likely to effectively export nitrogen, but not phosphorus into the estuary.