cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Symbolic Interactionism and Social Work: A Forgotten Legacy, Part 2:

Social workers have forgotten their interactionist ancestors. This article is the second installment in a 2-part series designed to remedy this amnesia. Part 1 introduced the tradition of applied s...
Abstract 914: Development of a whole-urine, next-generation sequencing-based assay for early detection of aggressive prostate cancer

Despite advances in biomarker development, early detection of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) remains challenging. Existing biomarkers show modest improvement over models based on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). We have previously developed a clinical-grade laboratory-developed test, named MiProstate Score (MiPS), for individualized risk prediction of aggressive prostate cancer. It uses transcription-mediated amplification to quantify the gene-fusion TMPRSS2:ERG (T2:ERG) (T1E4 splice isoform) and the lncRNA PCA3 from whole-urine obtained after a digital rectal exam (DRE), combined with serum PSA. To improve MiPS, we describe here the pre-clinical development and validation of a targeted next generation sequencing assay (NGS-MiPS) using post-DRE urine RNA to asses ~90 PCa transcriptomic biomarkers. These include those in MiPS as well as many isoforms of common PCa gene fusions, mRNA, and lncRNA candidate biomarkers nominated by our large-scale PCa tissue RNAseq and other sources. We have obtained a 98% informative sample rate from 2.5 mL of urine and high technical reproducibility (Pearson r=0.99). Risk scores for having PCa [or high-grade PCa (Gleason Score >6)] on biopsy, as determined by clinical MiPS vs. the clinical MiPS model using NGS data, were highly concordant, Pearson’s r=0.74 (and r=0.81). Urine from patients with benign or Gleason 6 vs. Gleason ≥ 4+3=7 cancer on biopsy (extreme design) showed expected differences in the levels of T2:ERG T1E4 (p=0.00003) and PCA3 (p=0.07), with additional T2:ERG splice isoforms and other biomarkers also being significantly different between low vs. high grade cancer. Feature selection and logistic regression trained in an extreme design cohort (n=73) yielded a 29-transcript model that outperformed MiPS and serum PSA in two validation cohorts: 1. A held-out set from the extreme design cohort n=36, AUC 0.81 vs. 0.76 and 0.63 respectively; 2. A separate active surveillance cohort n=45, AUCs 0.66 vs. 0.56 and 0.53 respectively. These results support the potential utility of our urine based targeted NGS assay to supplement serum PSA for the early detection of aggressive prostate cancer. Citation Format: Andi K. Cani, Kevin Hu, Javed Siddiqui, Sumin Han, Daniel H. Hovelson, Chia-Jen Liu, Simpa S. Salami, Ganesh S. Palapattu, Todd M. Morgan, John T. Wei, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Scott A. Tomlins. Development of a whole-urine, next-generation sequencing-based assay for early detection of aggressive prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 914.
Correction to: Age associated decline in the arcuate fasciculus and IQ.

The author found a mistake in their published article. The sentence “The search region was limited within each side of the white matter.” should read as “The search regions was limited within each side of the white matter at and above Z=0.”
Impact of CT scanner location on door to imaging time for emergency department stroke evaluation.

Abstract Background and objectives Stroke is a potentially serious condition commonly diagnosed in the ED. Time to diagnosis can be crucial to maximizing outcome in a majority of ischemic stroke cases amenable to thrombolytic therapy. Methods An analysis of 148 consecutive adults transported by EMS to an urban emergency department with a diagnosis of cerebro-vascular accident during a 12 month period was performed to determine the impact of CT scanner location on door-to-head CT [DTCT] scan time. The CT scanner was relocated from an upper floor of the hospital to within the ER department midway through the study period. Results The rate of DTCT scan time ≤20 min increased significantly from 47% [pre-relocation] to 74% [post-relocation]; and the rate of DTCT ultra-rapid scan time ≤10 min more than doubled. Conclusions Hospitals providing ED care for stroke patients can expedite management by ensuring CT scanner location is in closest possible proximity to the ED.
Dopamine receptors in the central nervous system

Publisher Summary Dopamine (DA) is an important central nervous system (CNS) pituitary modulator of prolactin, β -endorphin, and α -MSH secretion. This chapter discusses central DA receptors, the pharmacological characteristics and anatomical localizations of the several distinct DA-receptor subtypes delineated through radioligand binding and biochemical studies, the functions of these receptors, and actions of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists. Although, several DA receptors are thought to function in the CNS, there is a great deal yet to be understood regarding their biochemical, physiological, and behavioral roles. Radioligand-binding studies have proved to be very useful in determining the mechanisms involved in the regulation and alteration of neuronal activity; however, future investigations may exploit this technique for the study of neuronal and neurochemical plasticity. Regulation of neurotransmitter and hormone-receptor binding should be examined during the aging process, because if receptor regulation is progressively disturbed, it may be amenable to pharmacological therapy.
Microgrid Maintenance Strategies for Optimal Reliability and Cost

A physics-based microgrid model has been developed in Simulink with various sources and loads driven by stochastic inputs. Central controls are used to drive down costs while maintaining a reasonable level of reliability. The microgrid is treated as a repairable system where power sources are repaired after failure. We consider the effectiveness of the repair. Repairable systems theory allows us to model repair assumptions such as “good as new” or “as good as old” for example using a renewal process approach. At some point during the operation of the microgrid, some of its subsystems reach their useful life and need to be replaced. This study looks at the trade-off between microgrid reliability and the cost of repair, replacement and operation. The proposed approach can be used to define optimal maintenance strategies. Using repair theory, different repair/maintenance approaches are compared and shown to provide different operational costs and system reliability. An approach is provided to determine an optimal maintenance/repair strategy.
MERGER SIGNATURES IN THE GALAXY CLUSTER A98

We present results from Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of Abell 98 (A98), a galaxy cluster with three major components: a relatively bright subcluster to the north (A98N), a disturbed subcluster to the south (A98S), and a fainter subcluster to the far south (A98SS). We find evidence for surface brightness and temperature asymmetries in A98N consistent with a shock-heated region to the south, which could be created by an early stage merger between A98N and A98S. Deeper observations are required to confirm this result. We also find that A98S has an asymmetric core temperature structure, likely due to a separate ongoing merger. Evidence for this is also seen in optical data. A98S hosts a wide-angle tail radio source powered by a central active galactic nucleus (AGN). We find evidence for a cavity in the intracluster medium that has been evacuated by one of the radio lobes, suggesting that AGN feedback is operating in this system. Examples of cavities in non-cool core clusters are relatively rare. The three subclusters lie along a line in projection, suggesting the presence of a large-scale filament. We observe emission along the filament between A98N and A98S, and a surface brightness profile shows emission consistent with the overlap of the subcluster extended gas halos. We find the temperature of this region is consistent with the temperature of the gas at similar radii outside this bridge region. Lastly, we examine the cluster dynamics using optical data. We conclude A98N and A98S are likely bound to one another with a 67% probability, while A98S and A98SS are not bound at a high level of significance.
Review of Prothrombin Complex Concentrates Use in Apixaban and Rivaroxaban Associated Intracranial Hemorrhages.

Study Objective:Summarize the studies evaluating the use of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrates in the management of apixaban and rivaroxaban associated intracranial hemorrhages.Methods:A Pub...
The Individual and Combined Effects of Shear, Tension, and Flexure on Aortic Heart Valve Endothelial Cells in Culture

The necessity of living engineered heart valves to treat patients with severe heart disease poses a challenge to tissue engineers. To reach such goal it is crucial to fully understand the role and the activities of valvular endothelial cells (VECs) when they face different types of mechanical stimuli. This study focuses on decomposing the roles of different mechanical stimuli on heart valve endothelial surfaces and the response of VECs in terms of morphology and phenotype change. This study utilizes soft hydrogel-based scaffolds to use as a substrate for cell culture to mimic heart valve tissue leaflet. VECs were cultured as a monolayer on the gel surface and different types of mechanical stimuli were applied. Finally, the response of cells was investigated in terms of morphology and protein expression changes. Single stimuli introduces actin fibers reorganization in VECs, change in cell morphology, and higher mesenchymal protein expression. On the other hand, combined stimuli application has lower impact on actin fibers reorganization and cell morphology change, with lower mesenchymal protein expression. When VECs face a single mechanical stimuli, they undergo transdifferentiation and transform into mesenchymal cells. However, when these cells face a combination of mechanical stimuli, the rate of transformation decreases compared to single stimuli applications. This indicates that a single stimulus induces endothelial to mesenchymal transition in VECs while the process is slower under the combination of multiple mechanical stimuli.
Data Parallel Program Design

We have shown how graphical languages such as CODE/ROPE and PPSE can be used to design SIMD or data parallel programs. The advantages of this approach are machine independence, design clarity, automated program analysis, and accelerated software development. The disadvantages are that many problems remain in this approach such as how to reduce design clutter, how to automate optimal processor mapping, and how to perform messagepassing optimization. More work is needed before this approach can be used in the design of large-scale applications, but we believe the approach is promising. The main contribution is to show how the simple ideas of stencils, stream generators, and replicators can be used effectively to extend the classical dataflow design paradigm into the data parallel design paradigm. While more work is needed, these three ideas lead to greater expressiveness of design. The PPSE toolset currently does much of the mapping, scheduling, and automatic code generation described in this paper. However, PPSE does not currently handle data parallel programming. Work is progressing toward a full implementation of these ideas. Even so, PPSE has been invaluable for performing a variety of what-if analyses on parallel programs. Insights have been gained with this approach that would not be possible with a purely textual representation of the parallel program.
Space-time diversity versus feedback-based channel adaptation in cross-layer design of wireless networks

In order to support the quality of service (QoS) for data applications in wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) networks, space-time (ST) techniques are developed at the physical layer. The employment of such techniques also plays an important role in cross-layer design for wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate three different channel-feedback adaptation-based space-time systems, including non-adaptive, fast-adaptive, and slow-adaptive schemes. Our analysis reveals the tradeoff between the space-time diversity and channel-feedback adaptation. The improvement of QoS for data transmission can be achieved either by enhancing the space-time diversity or by increasing the channel-feedback. However, the space-time diversity impacts the system throughput more significantly than the channel-feedback adaptation. We also obtain a set of optimal system parameters to achieve the maximum throughput. Both numerical and simulation results show that the enhancement of space-time diversity can increase the system throughput and simplify the higher-layer protocol design using channel-feedback. Also compared are the throughput improvements as taking the feedback cost into account
Export-defective lamB protein is a target for translational control caused by ompC porin overexpression.

Abstract Overexpression of OmpC protein from an inducible plasmid vector reduced the amount of the precursor form of LamB protein in LamB signal sequence mutants. The stability of the precursor form of LamB protein was not affected, indicating that the effect of OmpC overexpression was on the synthesis of the precursor rather than on degradation. These results indicate that a functional signal sequence is not required on an outer membrane protein for it to be a target for translational control.
Transaction management in N-version programmed database systems

Abstract A database system must provide timely and accurate outputs. However, it is a well-known fact that application programs typically contain errors, so that it is not always possible to meet these criteria. An important technique that helps combat design and programming errors is N-version programming where independently-developed versions of a program are executed, and a voting algorithm is used to determine the output. This paper addresses concurrency control issues that come into play when N-version programming is employed for building reliable database systems. We show that existing correctness criteria and algorithms for concurrency control are insufficient because a system with multiple versions violates some of the basic assumptions of traditional concurrency control theory. To handle multiple versions that may involve versions with bugs, we develop two notions of correctness. By extending the well-known concurrency control algorithm, 2 PL, we also develop two algorithms to meet these criteria. While the first correctness criterion makes stronger assumptions than the second one on the correctness of the multiple versions, the concurrency control algorithm to meet that criterion is also more efficient, thereby permitting higher throughput.
Understanding complex chemical kinetics with computational singular perturbation

A moderately complex hydrogen-oxygen reaction system is used to demonstrate the application of the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) technique. Most of the “insights” normally clained by theoreticians after a successful convenient singular perturbation analysis on “tractable” problems can be obtained for highly complex problems using data generated by CSP, including simplified multi-step reaction models. The basic idea of CSP is that the large number of physically meaningful elementary reactions in a complex reaciion system can be grouped into separate reaction groups each identified with a single characteristic time scale. CSP theory provides an exact algorithm for the determination of this grouping and the reaction rates of earch of the groups, requiring no experience or intuition about the reaction system from the invetigator. terms representing fast reaction groups can simply be discarded when they are exhausted to yield simplified models of the reaction system as a function of time. Examples are given to show how physically meaningful information about the reaction system can be derived when relevant CSP data are available. Sample calculations are performed for the hydrogen-oxygen reaction system at 16]]° K and low pressure CSP. Examination of the CSP data suggests that, when [H], [O], [OH], [H2O], and [HO2] are present initially only in trace amounts, the reaction system can be represented reasonably accurately by a single set of 5 reaction groups (two extremely fast, two moderately fast, and one extremely slow) over an extended time period. Depending on the interest of the invetigator, different simplified multi-step reaction models can be derived to represent the full kinetics formulation.
Effects of the SpeechEasy on objective and perceived aspects of stuttering: a 6-month, phase I clinical trial in naturalistic environments.

Purpose Effects of the SpeechEasy when used under extraclinical conditions over several months were investigated. Primary purposes were to help establish Phase I level information about the therape...
Feature centrality: naming versus imagining.

Being white is central to whether we call an animal a “polar bear,” but it is fairly peripheral to our concept of what apolar bear is. We propose that a feature is central to category naming in proportion to the feature’s category validity—the probability of the feature, given the category. In contrast, a feature is conceptually central in a representation of the object to the extent that the feature is depended on by other features. Further, we propose that naming and conceptual centrality are more likely to disagree for features that hold at more specific levels (such asis white, which holds only for the specific category ofpolar bear) than for features that hold at intermediate levels of abstraction (such ashas claws, which holds for all bears). In support of these hypotheses, we report evidence that increasing the abstractness of category features has a greater effect on judgments of conceptual centrality than on judgments of name centrality and that other category features depend more on intermediate-level category features than on specific ones.
John Neal, American Romance, and International Romanticism

In this essay, Gilmore argues that examining the largely forgotten early romances of John Neal within a transatlantic framework leads to a reconsideration of our understanding of romanticism in the United States. Focusing on Randolph (1823) and Logan (1822), he draws parallels between Neal's criticism and fiction and the writings of European romantics such as Friedrich Schlegel and Percy Bysshe Shelley. In doing so, Gilmore contends that Neal provides an alternative understanding of the politics, history, and poetics of romanticism and the romance in the United States. Over the past century, the followers of F. O. Matthiessen and Richard Chase and their New Americanist critics have tended to describe romanticism and the romance in terms of an idealistic retreat into nature or aesthetic form. Furthermore, both mid-twentieth-century critics and later revisionists emphasized a national dimension to American romanticism and the American romance, either as epitomizing a distinctly American literature or as reinforcing or contesting dominant conceptions of the United States. In contrast, he argues that placing the romance, particularly as espoused and practiced by John Neal, at the center of our examination of romanticism in the United States foregrounds the importance of an international literary and sociocultural framework. In this light, romanticism appears less an ideological retreat from modernity or a nationalistic vehicle than a transnational, dialectical engagement with modernity's atomization of the individual.
Discordant Spatial Expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and Bradykinin B2 Receptors (B2R) Implicates Kinins in Segmental Nephron Differentiation † 1832

We have recently shown that targeted disruption of the B2R gene in mice confers susceptibility to salt-induced congenital renal dysplasia. To examine whether kinins impact nephron epithelial cell proliferation vs. differentiation, we studied the segment-specific expression of B2R and PCNA during nephrogenesis in the rat. PCNA is an essential component of the DNA replication machinery, functioning as the processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ, the enzyme responsible for DNA replication. Actively dividing cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle express high levels of nuclear PCNA. In this study, we determined that kidney, liver, heart and lung B2R and PCNA mRNA/protein expression follow a similar ontogenetic profile, being high in the fetus and newborn only to decline by 2.5 to 6-fold at 2-3 weeks of age(p<0.05). Immunohistochemical studies, however, revealed lack of spatial congruency in B2R and PCNA-expressing cells in the developing kidney. Thus, whereas the cells of metanephrogenic cap and early epithelial precursors in the nephrogenic zone express strong nuclear PCNA immunoreactivity, these cells are essentially devoid of immunoreactive B2R. In contrast, maturing tubules in the inner cortex which stain heavily with B2R are PCNA-negative. The restricted expression of B2R in PCNA-negative nephron segments indicates that kinins promote epithelial differentiation or survival. The data suggest that renal dysplasia in developmentally stressed B2R-knockout mice is due to aberrant epithelial differentiation.
Anxiety, Health Risk Factors, and Chronic Disease

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health condition and frequently co-occur with a variety of health risk factors, such as physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. As such, untreated anxiety and increased risk for engagement in these health risk habits can further increase risk for later-onset chronic disease and complications in disease management. Contemporary studies have identified unique temporal relationships between the onset of specific anxiety disorders with smoking and alcohol use disorders. Incorporating exercise with evidence-based treatments for anxiety is emerging and promising in enhancing treatments for anxiety-related conditions. Likewise, substance use treatment programs may benefit from the detection and management of anxiety. Collaborative care models for anxiety may provide the needed systems-based approach for treating anxiety more effectively in primary and specialty care medical settings. Based on a qualitative review of the literature, this articl...
Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA

The cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, resulted in a large, north-facing amphitheater, with a steep headwall rising 700 m above the crater floor. In this deeply shaded niche a glacier, here named the Amphitheater glacier, has formed. Tongues of ice-containing crevasses extend from the main ice mass around both the east and the west sides of the lava dome that occupies the center of the crater floor. Aerial photographs taken in September 1996 reveal a small glacier in the southwest portion of the amphitheater containing several crevasses and a bergschrund-like feature at its head. The extent of the glacier at this time is probably about 0.1 km2. By September 2001, the debris-laden glacier had grown to about 1 km2 in area, with a maximum thickness of about 200 m, and contained an estimated 120,000,000 m3 of ice and rock debris. Approximately one-third of the volume of the glacier is thought to be rock debris derived mainly from rock avalanches from the surrounding amphitheater walls. The newly formed Amphitheater glacier is not only the largest glacier on Mount St. Helens but its aerial extent exceeds that of all other remaining glaciers combined.
Semantic text classification of disease reporting

Traditional text classification studied in the IR literature is mainly based on topics. That is, each class or category represents a particular topic, e.g., sports, politics or sciences. However, many real-world text classification problems require more refined classification based on some semantic aspects. For example, in a set of documents about a particular disease, some documents may report the outbreak of the disease, some may describe how to cure the disease, some may discuss how to prevent the disease, and yet some others may include all the above information. To classify text at this semantic level, the traditional "bag of words" model is no longer sufficient. In this paper, we report a text classification study at the semantic level and show that sentence semantic and structure features are very useful for such kind of classification. Our experimental results based on a disease outbreak dataset demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Spin 1 Centers in Neutron Irradiated Silicon.

Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study a number of fast-neutron-induced defects formed in pile-irradiated silicon and to follow their concentrations as a function of annealing. Measurements were made at 300, 77, and 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K on samples which had attained intrinsic resistivity during irradiation, using superheterodyne spectrometers operating at 24 and 9.4 kMc/sec. Aside from the previously reported Si-$N$ center, the most prominent lines of the spectrum arise from the ${m}_{s}=0 \mathrm{to} \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ transitions of four spin-1 systems. The distinct symmetry and small production rate (\ensuremath{\approx}0.05 center per fast neutron collision) indicate a class of well-defined but relatively rare defects. Their $g$ tensors, zero-field splitting tensors, and hfs are compatible with systems having two weakly interacting $〈111〉$ dangling bonds separated by about 5 \AA{}, giving the $S=1$ Hamiltonians in the triplet levels formed by the weak exchange interaction. Low-temperature measurements suggest that the singlet-triplet splitting lies between 3 and 50 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Comparison with floating-zone silicon shows Center (II, III), which is dominant in unannealed samples, to be independent of impurity. The remaining three $S=1$ centers, which grow and decay rapidly at higher temperatures, involve oxygen. Precise measurements of the parameters of the spin Hamiltonians are given to permit reproducible identification of the centers.
Small-signal-equivalent circuits for a semiconductor laser.

Passive electrical circuits whose voltage and current equations are exactly equivalent to the small-signal rate equations of a semiconductor laser are derived to model an electrically modulated laser (verified to be the same as that given in the literature), an optically modulated laser (i.e., a laser used as an optical amplifier), and a multimode laser. These circuits offer a fast and efficient simulation tool with little computational complexity in which the small-signal assumption (i.e., small modulation range) is neither violated nor insufficient for the simulation.
Einschliessung von Eigenwerten und Mohrsches Spannungsdiagramm

A new proof of a theorem byWielandt for inclusion of eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices is given. Relations between that inclusion method and the Mohr stress diagram are investigated.
Space-variant image restoration by coordinate transformations*

A method of image restoration for certain systems with space-variant point-spread functions is presented. The technique, called coordinate transformation restoration (CTR), is applicable to a large class of optical degradations, and operates by first transforming the degraded image by a geometrical distortion. Following this, space-invariant inverse filtering or estimation and another transformation are used to complete the process. The CTR technique makes restoration practical for a variety of incoherent systems with motion and aberration degradations by effectively reducing the system dimensionality.
The Practical Aspects of the Color Subcarrier Synchronization Problem

In NTSC color television, a burst of reference carrier is transmitted at the end of each horizontal scanning line. The fundamental frequency component of this burst is being used in the color receiver to recover the chroma information of the transmitted signal in two synchronous detectors. The color subcarrier synchronization problem then consists of regenerating at the receiver the fundamental frequency component of the transmitted subcarrier burst accurately in frequency and phase.
The Goldilocks surface.

A minimum in the biological response to materials that is observed to occur within a narrow surface energy range is related to the properties of water at these biology-contacting surfaces. Wetting energetics are calculated using a published theory from which it is further estimated that water molecules bind to these special surfaces through a single hydrogen bond, leaving three other hydrogen bonds to interact with proximal water molecules. It is concluded that, at this Goldilocks Surface, the local chemical environment of surface-bound water is nearly identical to that experienced in bulk water; neither deprived of hydrogen bond opportunities, as it is in contact with a more hydrophobic surface, nor excessively hydrogen bonded to a more hydrophilic surface. A minimum in the biological response occurs because water vicinal (near) to the Goldilocks Surface is not chemically different than bulk water. A more precise definition of the relative terms hydrophobic and hydrophilic for use in biomaterials becomes evident from calculations: >1.3 kJ/mole-of-surface-sites is expended in wetting a hydrophilic surface whereas 1 hydrogen bond per water molecule whereas hydrophobic surfaces wet with <1 hydrogen bond per water molecule.
Effects of lipid removal and preservatives on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of squid tissues: Implications for ecological studies

article i nfo Stable isotope analysis of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in animal tissues is an important approach to investigate the tropic status and habitat of marine species. Some biases due to lipid extractions and preservation can hinder the interpretation of results, yet their effects have not been investigated in squid. In this study, we evaluated the effects of lipid extraction and preservatives (dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 70% ethanol, and 10% buffered formaldehyde) on the δ 13 C, δ 15 N and C:N ratios in squid muscle. Beaks were placed under the same treatments with the exception of DMSO. Muscle and beak samples remained under treatment for 375 days and 416 days, respectively. Our results indicate that lipid extractions increased the mean values of unpreserved samples by 0.8‰ for δ 13 C and by 0.68‰ for δ 15 N. Preservatives also affected the isotopic composition in muscle at different magnitudes. DMSO remarkably reduced and increased the variability for δ 13 C and δ 15 N values among samples, formalin mainly reduced δ 13 C values by 1.5‰, whereas ethanol increased both δ 13 C and δ 15 Nb y≤0.8‰. Lipid extractions eliminated the effect of DMSO and ethanol for δ 13 C and δ 15 N, and formalin only for δ 15 N. In beak, negligible shifts in δ 13 C, δ 15 N and C:N ratios were recorded after preservation in ethanol and formalin. Although lipid extractions can be recommended to reduce the effect of preservation, further research is needed to develop correction models for isotopic shifts associated with both lipid extractions in unpreserved and preserved muscle tissues. Lipid extractions per se could introduce a bias that may have important implications for ecological studies. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Variations in eruption style during the 1931 A.D. eruption of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska

Abstract The 1931 A.D. eruption of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska, progressed from subplinian to effusive eruptive style and from trachydacite to basaltic andesite composition from multiple vent locations. Eyewitness accounts and new studies of deposit stratigraphy provide a combined narrative of eruptive events. Additional field, compositional, grain size, componentry, density, and grain morphology data document the influences on changing eruptive style as the eruption progressed. The eruption began on 1 May 1931 A.D. when a large subplinian eruption column produced vesicular juvenile-rich tephra. Subsequent activity was more intermittent, as magma interacted with groundwater and phreatomagmatic ash and lithic-rich tephra was dispersed up to 600 km downwind. Final erupted products were more mafic in composition and the eruption became more strombolian in style. Stratigraphic evidence suggests that two trachydacitic lava flows were erupted from separate but adjacent vents before the phreatomagmatic phase concluded and that basaltic andesite lava from a third vent began to effuse near the end of explosive activity. The estimated total bulk volume of the eruption is 0.9 km 3 , which corresponds to approximately 0.3 km 3 of magma. Eruption style changes are interpreted as follows: (1) a decrease in magma supply rate caused the change from subplinian to phreatomagmatic eruption; (2) a subsequent change in magma composition caused the transition from phreatomagmatic to strombolian eruption style. Additionally, the explosion and effusion of a similar magma composition from three separate vents indicates how the pre-existing caldera structure controlled the pathway of shallow magma ascent, thus influencing eruption style.
Correlation of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase activity with chlorophyll content and ultrastructure in induced mutants of Hordeum vulgare.

Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase activity was examined in barley mutants deficient in chlorophyll, and the results were correlated with chlorophyll content and ultrastructure of these mutants. The mutants were induced by diethyl sulfate (dES) or ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) in the inbred barley variety Himalaya. Essentially no RuDP carboxylase activity was found in 15 albino mutants tested, but mutants with reduced chlorophyll content show large variations in RuDP carboxylase activity. Three general groups of mutants can be recognized. One group has reduced chlorophyll content, but no reduction in RuDP carboxylase activity (dES 7, dES 19, and 28-3398). A second group shows reduced chlorophyll content and proportionally reduced RuDP carboxylase activity (EMS 11, dES 18, and yv), and a third group shows RuDP carboxylase activity reduced more than chlorophyll content (Unk 3, dES 1, Coast V, dES 17, and dES 9). Thus, no strict correlation between RuDP carboxylase activity and chlorophyll content was found in the mutants tested. A reduction in stroma density was observed in the mutants having greatly reduced RuDP carboxylase activity.
Injury rates, severity, and drug testing programs in small construction companies.

Abstract Problem Construction work is hazardous and workers consistently rank in the top of all occupations and industries for illicit drug and heavy alcohol use. Methods Drug-testing programs were classified into three categories: no program, pre-employment/post-accident, and pre-employment/post-accident/random/suspicion. We analyzed workers’ compensation claims from 1,360 construction companies over a six-year period to assess the possible association of testing program with injury rate. Results Compared to no program, results respectively were RR = 0.85 (CI = 0.72 – 1.0) and RR = 0.97 (CI = 0.86 – 1.10) for all injuries, and RR = 0.78 (CI = 0.60 – 1.03) and RR = 1.01 (CI = 0.86 – 1.19) for lost-time injuries. Variability of results was exhibited across trade and union status, among other categories. Summary Drug-testing programs may be associated with lower, non-significant, injury rates in this population. Impact on Industry Drug-testing programs may be associated with lower injury rates, but care should be exercised to ensure accurate injury reporting, characterize underlying safety practices of a company, and to determine quality and consistency of testing.
State strength and capitalist weakness: Manufacturing capital and the Tariff Board's attack on McEwenism, 1967–74

Abstract In order to test a number of propositions drawn from recent theories of the state, this paper examines power relationships between manufacturing capital and the state at the federal level of Australian politics during a period of tariff policy reformism between 1967 and 1974. The paper finds limitations to the ‘privileged position of business’ argument of Lindblom, but affirms a more historically dynamic model of state‐capital relations developed independently in the work of Block and Vogel. The paper also affirms the general perspective developed by recent neo‐Weberian theorists regarding the potential for independent state initiative. It is argued that such a perspective is consistent with important aspects of neo‐Marxist ‘relative autonomy’ of the state arguments. Indeed, an important facet of this paper is designed to show, through historical analysis, the conditions under which states within capitalist societies may come to have the autonomy and the capacity to resist important sectors of ca...
Near infrared-emitting Er- and Yb-Er- doped CeF 3 nanoparticles with no visible upconversion

In this work, a host which interacts and enhanced energy transfer to the luminescent center such that it facilitates the infrared emission while avoiding undesired emissions was found. An intense emission at ~1530 nm with no other visible emissions was observed in Er- and Yb-Er- doped CeF3 nanoparticles upon excitation at ~975 nm. The average measured luminescence lifetimes of the ~1530 nm emission for heat-treated CeF3:Er and CeF3:Yb,Er nanoparticles was ~4.5−6.5 ms, with internal quantum efficiencies up to ~52−75%. These nanoparticles offer a vast range of potential applications, which include optical amplifiers, waveguides, laser materials and infrared imaging probes.
Acoustic and Perceptual Correlates of Stress in Nonwords Produced by Children With Suspected Developmental Apraxia of Speech and Children With Phonological Disorder

Previous research (L. Shriberg, D. Aram, & J. Kwiatkowski, 1997b, 1997c) has suggested that accuracy in producing linguistic stress reliably distinguishes between children with suspected developmen...
A robust identity-by-descent procedure using affected sib pairs: multipoint mapping for complex diseases.

Multipoint linkage analysis is a powerful tool to localize susceptibility genes for complex diseases. However, the conventional lod score method relies critically on the correct specification of mode of inheritance for accurate estimation of gene position. On the other hand, allele-sharing methods, as currently practiced, are designed to test the null hypothesis of no linkage rather than estimate the location of the susceptibility gene(s). In this paper, we propose an identity-by-descent (IBD)-based procedure to estimate the location of an unobserved susceptibility gene within a chromosomal region framed by multiple markers. Here we deal with the practical situation where some of the markers might not be fully informative. Rather the IBD statistic at an arbitrary within the region is imputed using the multipoint marker information. The method is robust in that no assumption about the genetic mechanism is required other than that the region contains no more than one susceptibility gene. In particular, this approach builds upon a simple representation for the expected IBD at any arbitrary locus within the region using data from affected sib pairs. With this representation, one can carry out a parametric inference procedure to locate an unobserved susceptibility gene. In addition, here we derive a sample size formula for the number of affected sib pairs needed to detect linkage with multiple markers. Throughout, the proposed method is illustrated through simulated data. We have implemented this method including exploratory and formal model-fitting procedures to locate susceptibility genes, plus sample size and power calculations in a program, GENEFINDER, which will be made available shortly.
Contributions to the Pseudospectral Method For Computing Synthetic Seismograms

lo1 both P Mld s wavea, and wti well for waved tmvefing obliquely to the boundaries. Spatial Nyqulrd cmx in elinllrcpted by perfomrtng the computations on a apatinlly staggered menh, in which different components of displacement aid stress M computed at differera lecatlom. EUmbmtioa of the Nyqlat error allowa UE aource excitation (body force or mOmem) Lo exist al a single ma41 point, u*L also allows the eftkiency of eve11-b~4 fFRi tu be m&cd. The a8ggexed me441 fomiulmlun ls stable awl re!atively acawate even for large offset nnd a ahpp flutd-sdid traadtion. Anelajtidty Is simulated in our p3eudO-spectml syntMcs by apploaimating the iiaelastic -dImin rlaUcm wltb tlE le+mme &Is to tbesuperpOsh&uofaamallmauberofaudrnlUuearsollds. Acuuparison is made be4ween aynthetk nimnogranln gener*cxl by the purely numerical fme~~tn-s~mlmelhn~Irdlhnrr byanewrmnlydcal I& nique fm media consisUng of bomogenseus reglom bounded by (dipping) pbaau interfaces.
Scattering by composite rough surfaces

The paper investigates scattering by surfaces generated by a superposition of several random processes (such as swell plus sea plus ripple). Explicit expressions for the dependence of the mean scattered power on the scattering geometry and wavelength in terms of the scale roughness and the rms slope of the individual components are derived for bistatic scattering. The special case of backscattering is analyzed more closely, and the importance of the small structure of the surface is demonstrated.
MARXISM, FEMINISM, AND THE STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY IN LATIN AMERICA

While discussions of dissolving the hyphen between Marxism and feminism were put on the back burner in the United States and England in the 1980s, the author argues that changes in Latin America during the same decade favor a possible convergence of contemporary Marxist and feminist theory and practice. These conditions include the emergence of a second-wave feminist movement in many Latin America countries, the central role of women in contemporary social movements, and an internal critique within Latin American Marxism. Key issues pointing toward a convergence of thinking include a reevaluation and redefinition of democracy, the concept of “a plurality of social subjects” or potential revolutionary actors, the importance of autonomy for popular movements in relation to political parties and the state, and a new understanding of the importance of daily life in the struggle for socialism.
On the origin of cube texture in face-centered cubic metals

Determination de l'origine de la texture a partir de l'examen critique des textures des echantillons de Cu et Al lamines ou soumis a une deformation par compression.
Halogen bonds as orthogonal molecular interactions to hydrogen bonds

Halogen bonds (X-bonds) are shown to be geometrically perpendicular to and energetically independent of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) that share a common carbonyl oxygen acceptor. This orthogonal relationship is accommodated by the in-plane and out-of-plane electronegative potentials of the oxygen, which are differentially populated by H- and X-bonds. Furthermore, the local conformation of a peptide helps to define the geometry of the H-bond and thus the oxygen surface that is accessible for X-bonding. These electrostatic and steric forces conspire to impose a strong preference for the orthogonal geometry of X- and H-bonds. Thus, the optimum geometry of an X-bond can be predicted from the pattern of H-bonds in a folded protein, enabling X-bonds to be introduced to improve ligand affinities without disrupting these structurally important interactions. This concept of orthogonal molecular interactions can be exploited for the rational design of halogenated ligands as inhibitors and drugs, and in biomolecular engineering.
Effect of Central Venous Angioplasty on Hemodialysis Access Circuit Flow: Prospective Study of 25 Symptomatic Patients

Abstract Purpose To quantify the effect of central venous percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) on blood flow within hemodialysis access circuits in patients with symptomatic central venous stenosis (CVS). Materials and Methods This prospective study enrolled 30 adults with symptoms attributable to CVS ipsilateral to their access. Five subjects were deregistered because of a lack of CVS (n = 1), untreatable lesion (n = 1), or improper flow measurement timing (n = 3); 25 completed the study (15 men and 10 women; mean age, 62 y; age range, 33–87 y). There were 7 fistulae, 15 grafts, and 3 hybrid access circuits. Mean access age was 675 days (range, 16–3,039 d). Mean CVS symptom duration was 37 days (range, 3–120 d). Peripheral stenoses, if present, were treated first. Intraaccess flow was measured immediately before and immediately after CVS treatment (PTA, stent). Results Eleven patients had only CVS, whereas 14 had at least 1 peripheral lesion in addition to CVS. All stenoses underwent PTA. Mean flow rates were 1,424 mL/min (range, 565–2,765 mL/min) before PTA and 1,535 mL/min (range, 598–2,545 mL/min) afterward, yielding a mean increase of 111 mL/min ± 456 or 15% ± 34 (range, −70% to +100%; 95% confidence interval, 1%–29%). Flow was decreased in 9 patients (36%). CVS symptoms were reduced in 24 patients (96%) and recurred in 14 (58%) within a mean of 110 days (range, 7–459 d) after initial PTA. Mean follow-up was 371 days (range, 17–592 d). Conclusions CVS symptoms were observed to occur over a wide range of blood flow rates. On average, central venous PTA only mildly increased flow yet reduced symptoms regardless of flow change.
A generic exploration: Staged withdrawal, the rhetoric of resignation

The author argues that staged withdrawal promises to be a recurrent event, because of the recurrence of the described relationships among occasion, audience, and speaker role, and because the ultimately converging interests of the resigner and survivor dictate a recurrent manipulation of the discourse to exploit ambivalent audience expectations of the resigner‐speaker role.
Protooncogene c-ski is expressed in both proliferating and postmitotic neuronal populations.

The cellular protooncogene, c-ski, is expressed in all cells of the developing mouse at low but detectable levels. In situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses reveal that some cells and tissues express this gene at higher levels at certain stages of embryonic and postnatal development. RT-PCR results indicate that alternative splicing of exon 2, known to occur in chickens (Sutrave and Hughes [1989] Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4046-4051; Grimes et al. [1993] Oncogene 8:2863-2868) does not occur in adult mouse tissues. In the embryo, neural crest cells express the c-ski gene during migration at 8.5 to 9.5 days post coitum (p.c.). Neural crest derivatives such as dorsal root ganglia and melanocytes stain positively with an antibody to the ski protein. At 9 days p.c., the entire neural tube has high levels of c-ski gene expression. By 12-13.5 days only the ependymal layer expresses c-ski above background levels. At 14-16 days p.c., c-ski mRNAs are detected at high levels in the cortical layers of the brain and in the olfactory bulb. In 2 week and 6 week postnatal brains, c-ski gene transcripts are also detected in the hippocampus and in the granule cell layer of the cerebellum. The allantois and placenta exhibit high levels of c-ski mRNAs. Neonatal lung tissue increases c-ski gene expression approximately two-fold compared to prenatal levels. These results suggest that ski plays a role in both the proliferation and differentiation of specific cell populations of the central and peripheral nervous systems and of other tissues.