cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detailed surface roughness characterization of engineering surfaces undergoing tribological testing leading to scuffing

Abstract Controlled tribological scuffing experiments were conducted on typical engineering surfaces (Al390-T6 discs and 52100 steel pins) under starved lubrication conditions (a mixture of R410A refrigerant combined with a polyolester (POE) lubricant) to simulate the contact conditions in an automotive air conditioning compressor. The time-to-scuff was established and was repeatable using a test protocol with increasing load increments. Test were then conducted for periods of 25, 50, and 75% of the time-to-scuff to investigate the progression of surface change preparatory to scuffing. Detailed studies of the surface topography were conducted using line and areal (usually referred as one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D), respectively) analyses. Simple amplitude roughness parameters as well as more detailed spatial, hybrid, and functional parameters were calculated and used to track detailed roughness changes as the Al390-T6 samples undergo progressive wear until scuffing occurs. One-dimensional amplitude descriptors, such as the root-mean-square value, were not reliable in tracking surface topographic changes. However, 2D functional parameters, such as the surface bearing index and the fluid retention index, clearly showed progressive changes as the surfaces wear and reach scuffing.
Mott Transition Field Effect Transistor: Experimental Results

In this paper we describe the fabrication of oxide based devices similar in architecture to a conventional FET with source, drain, and gate electrodes and a channel. This distinctive characteristic of our device is the use of a channel material capable of undergoing a field-induced Mott insulator-metal transition at room temperature. Lithographic techniques developed for oxide materials have been combined with pulsed laser deposition of perovskite materials onto single-crystal strontium titanate (STO) substrates to fabricate these devices. Materials chosen for the Mott transition channel include La2CuO4 (LCO) and YBCO, p-type; and Nd2CuO4, n-type.
Calculations of Small Vacancy and Interstitial Clusters for an fcc Lattice

Binding and migration energies and atomic configurations have been calculated for small vacancy and interstitial clusters in an fcc lattice with a model which should be applicable to nickel. The mathematical model consisted of a spherical crystallite containing about 530 atoms which were treated as individual particles surrounded by an elastic continuum with atoms imbedded in it. A two-body central force was used to simulate the interaction between nearest-neighbor atoms in the crystallite, and the elastic continuum provided a pressure which held the crystallite in equilibrium. The binding and migration energies for divacancies and di-interstitials were ${{E}_{2V}}^{B}=0.25$, ${{E}_{2V}}^{M}=0.90$, ${{E}_{2I}}^{B}=1.16$, and ${{E}_{2I}}^{M}=0.29$ eV. The binding energy of larger vacancy clusters was approximately equal to the energy in the nearest-neighbor "bonds" between vacancies, each "bond" contributing 0.25 eV. The vacancy-cluster migration energy increased slowly with the size of the cluster but was still less than the single-vacancy migration energy, ${{E}_{\mathrm{IV}}}^{M}=1.32$ eV, for small clusters. Spherical vacancy clusters were the most stable, although an estimate was made that a platelet on a {111} plane would collapse into a dislocation loop after absorbing somewhat more than 180 vacancies and that this loop might be more stable than a spherical cluster which had absorbed the same number of vacancies. Interstitial clustering was more complex, but in general binding energies were large and migration energies increased with cluster size, although they never got as large as that for the divacancy, the most easily migrating vacancy complex.
A dynamic network architecture

Network software is a critical component of any distributed system. Because of its complexity, network software is commonly layered into a hierarchy of protocols, or more generally, into a protocol graph. Typical protocol graphs—including those standardized in the ISO and TCP/IP network architectures—share three important properties; the protocol graph is simple, the nodes of the graph (protocols) encapsulate complex functionality, and the topology of the graph is relatively static. This paper describes a new way to organize network software that differs from conventional architectures in all three of these properties. In our approach, the protocol graph is complex, individual protocols encapsulate a single function, and the topology of the graph is dynamic. The main contribution of this paper is to describe the ideas behind our new architecture, illustrate the advantages of using the architecture, and demonstrate that the architecture results in efficient network software.
Nanofluids: Analysis of Heat Transfer Mechanisms and Clustering

This paper surveys heat transfer in nanofluids. It summarizes and analyzes the theories regarding heat transfer mechanisms in nanofluids, and discusses the effects of clustering on thermal conductivity. The heat transfer associated with conduction is presented through various experiments followed by a discussion of the theories that were developed as a result of these experiments. Relationships between thermal conductivity and various factors such as temperature, concentration, and particle size are also displayed along with a discussion on clustering and its effects on the thermal enhancement properties of nanofluids. There is a brief discussion on convection. Nanofluid convective heat transfer research may be classified by fluid conditions of laminar flow, turbulent flow, and pool boiling. The number of studies in these areas is limited, with the smallest number of studies having been reported in the last class of pool boiling. In addition, some controversy seems to exist in a couple of the publications. Owing to the limited data found in the reviewed literature, there is no definitive model presented. There is research currently being performed on the manipulation of the properties governing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids — the particle size, shape, and surface area. Other factors that affect heat transfer are the material of the nanoparticle used, particle volume concentration, and the fluid used. Although the interest in this relatively new class of fluids has generated many experimental studies around the world, there is still disagreement over several aspects of heat transfer in nanofluids, primarily concerning the actual mechanisms behind the increased thermal conductivity, and how other factors such as clustering affect the performance of the nanofluids. Although nanoparticles have greatly decreased the risks involved with the rapid settling and clustering of particles in suspension, there is still evidence of unwanted agglomeration which could cause erosion in pipes, and affect the overall conductivity of the liquid. Research is currently being conducted to determine how to minimize this unwanted grouping of particles so as to maximize the transfer of heat through the liquid. Many theories have been proposed for the problem of clustering such as adding surface treatments to the nanoparticles, modifying the methods used to disperse the nanoparticles in the base fluid, and agitating the nanofluids so as to break up any agglomerations. However, there is still no universal procedure to achieve a stable and durable suspension of particles with a low amount of agglomeration.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The Challenges of Multidisciplinary Education in Computer Science

Some of the most important problems facing the United States and China, indeed facing our entire planet, require approaches that are fundamentally multidisciplinary in nature. Many of those require skills in computer science (CS), basic understanding of another discipline, and the ability to apply the skills in one discipline to the problems of another. Modern training in computer science needs to prepare students to work in other disciplines or to work on multidisciplinary problems. What do we do to prepare them for a multidisciplinary world when there are already too many things we want to teach them about computer science? This paper describes successful examples of multidisciplinary education at the interface between CS and the biological sciences, as well as other examples involving CS and security, CS and sustainability, and CS and the social and economic sciences. It then discusses general principles for multidisciplinary education of computer scientists.
Lay and Professionals' Beliefs about Crime and Criminal Sentencing A Need for Theory, Perhaps Schema Theory

A conceptual framework, schema theory, is presented to understand and compare lay and professionals' beliefs about crime and evaluations of the criminal justice system. Questionnaires were administ...
Emergence delirium and postoperative pain in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia

Summary Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a frequent postoperative complication in young children undergoing ENT procedures and it may be exacerbated by sevoflurane anesthesia whereas propofol maintenance has been suggested to decrease the incidence of ED. The aim of this randomized, prospective, double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of sevoflurane vs propofol anesthesia on the quality of recovery after adenotonsillectomy. Methods: Forty-two patients were randomized to maintenance with either propofol or sevoflurane for adenotonsillectomy. At the conclusion of surgery, patients were extubated awake. ED and pain were assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) and the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Scale (CHEOPS), respectively. Higher PAED scores (0–20) indicate greater severity of ED. Nursing and parental satisfaction, hospital length of stay, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), anesthetic complications, and subsequent emergency room admissions were also assessed. Results: Median PAED score was 14 in the propofol group and 17 in the sevoflurane group (NS). Propofol was associated with less pain medication required during recovery and a lower incidence of PONV (5.3% vs 36.8%, P < 0.05). Nursing and parental satisfaction as well as time spent in recovery room was similar for the two groups. Conclusion: Propofol anesthesia does not influence agitation after adenotonsillectomy, as measured by the PAED score. A PAED score of ≥10 was not useful in identifying patients with ED. However, propofol maintenance is associated with less need for pain medication in the recovery room and a lower incidence of PONV compared to sevoflurane anesthesia.
Joint maximum-likelihood timing and data estimation for MSK signals from matched-filter samples

We derive the joint likelihood function for estimating jointly data sequences and timing error for minimum shift keying signalling. The likelihood function utilizes samples taken in a free-running mode at some arbitrary sampling rate. Lower bounds on both the error-probability and mean-square timing-error are presented and seen to approach closely the optimum performance for sampling rates of two or more samples per symbol. Simulation results show that when the sampling rate is two samples per symbol the performance of our joint estimation algorithm approaches the performance of binary phase-shift-keying with perfect synchronization. >
ScalaTrace: Scalable compression and replay of communication traces for high-performance computing

Characterizing the communication behavior of large-scale applications is a difficult and costly task due to code/system complexity and long execution times. While many tools to study this behavior have been developed, these approaches either aggregate information in a lossy way through high-level statistics or produce huge trace files that are hard to handle. We contribute an approach that provides orders of magnitude smaller, if not near-constant size, communication traces regardless of the number of nodes while preserving structural information. We introduce intra- and inter-node compression techniques of MPI events that are capable of extracting an application's communication structure. We further present a replay mechanism for the traces generated by our approach and discuss results of our implementation for BlueGene/L. Given this novel capability, we discuss its impact on communication tuning and beyond. To the best of our knowledge, such a concise representation of MPI traces in a scalable manner combined with deterministic MPI call replay is without any precedent.
Employee voice and organizational performance: Team versus representative influence

This article explores the effects of team voice and worker representative voice, as well as their interaction, on labor productivity. We examine team voice in terms of team influence on key work-related issues and representative voice via the degree of worker representatives’ influence on multiple collective voice issues. We thus build on the European tradition of examining both direct and indirect voice and their implications for valued organizational outcomes. We find that neither type of voice bears a significant relationship to labor productivity when examined solely but that team voice significantly contributes to enhanced worker efficiency when considered in conjunction with representative voice. In examining the interaction of the two types of voice, we find that a combination of low team and low representative voice leads to inferior labor efficiency compared to other conditions. We also find a negative interaction between team voice and worker representative voice, supporting an interpretation th...
Humoral and cell-mediated immune function in adult Japanese Quail following exposure to 2.45-GHz microwave radiation during embryogeny.

Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, eggs were subjected to 2.45-GHz CW microwave radiation at 5 mW/cm2 (SAR . 4.03 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny. Following hatching the exposed embryos, as well as nonexposed controls, were reared to 22 weeks of age. Humoral immune potential, as indicated by comparable anti-CRBC antibody, IgM and IgG, levels at 0, 4, and 7 days postimmunization in both exposed and control quail was not affected significantly. However, cell-mediated immune potential, measured by the reaction to intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin-P in the wing web, was reduced in the exposed females, but not in the exposed males. Additionally, total leukocyte numbers and absolute circulating numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, and heterophils were increased significantly only in the exposed females. These data show that exposure of Japanese quail during embryogenesis reduced cell mediated immune potential and induced a general leukocytosis in females.
Optimal software release time incorporating fault correction

The "stopping rule" problem which involves determining an optimal release time for a software application at which costs justify the stop test decision has been addressed by several researchers. However, most of these research efforts assume instantaneous fault correction, an assumption that underlies many software reliability growth models, and hence provide optimistic predictions of both the cost at release and the release time. In this paper, we present an economic cost model which takes into consideration explicit fault correction in order to provide realistic predictions of release time and release cost. We also present a methodology to compute the failure rate of the software in the presence of fault correction, which is necessary in order to apply the cost model. We illustrate the utility of the cost model to provide realistic predictions of release time and cost with a case study.
A novel planar double-balanced 6-18 GHz MMIC mixers

A novel planar monolithic double-balanced mixer has been demonstrated which exhibits low conversion loss, good compression and isolation characteristics, and low spurious responses. This has been achieved for LO and RF signals in the 6 to 18 GHz frequency range with an IF bandwidth from DC to 2.5 GHz. It is fabricated using standard 0.5 /spl mu/m MESFET technology on ion-implanted low-noise, low-current GaAs material. Occupying a size of only 0.050/spl times/0.100/spl times/0.006 in. (1.27/spl times/2.54/spl times/0.15 mm), it is the smallest known planar double-balanced MMIC mixer to accomplish this level of performance. >
In Situ Composites Prepared By Solidification And Mechanical Techniques

An alternate in situ technique is presented for preparation of aligned microstructures which has been successfully applied to the preparation of copper alloys. In this technique, a two phase alloy is first prepared by conventional casting techniques to produce a random array of dendrites of phase 1 in a matrix of phase 2. The casting is then reduced to wire size by mechanical reductions. It is demonstrated that the alignment of the dendritic phase produced by the mechanical reduction is surprisingly good, and that one can achieve a wide range of microstructural control over the filament size and morphology by utilization of controlled coarsening anneals followed by additional wire drawing. Examples are presented of Cu-Nb alloys which are converted to Nb3 Sn-Cu superconducting wires possessing excellent critical current values, and of Fe-Cu alloys which produce wires having quite high strength to resistivity ratios.
Control-assisted decoherence-free manifolds

Quantum coherence of open quantum systems is usually compromised because of the interaction with the ambient environment. A “decoherence-free subspace” (DFS) of the system Hilbert space is defined where the evolution remains unitary. In the absence of a priori existence of such subspaces, it seems natural that utilizing quantum control may help generate and/or retain a DFS. Here, we introduce a time-varying DFS wherein the system's density matrix has a unitarily evolving sub-density corresponding to some given set of its eigenvalues (which we aim to preserve). This subspace is characterized from both topological and algebraic perspectives. In particular, we show that this DFS admits a complex vector bundle structure over a real-analytic manifold (the decoherence-free manifold).
A Measuring System for Analyzing Neuronal Fiber Structure

Structure and function are the two properties of any biological system that challenge our understanding. But nowhere is structure more complex or function more obscure than in the mammalian central nervous system. Certainly, any progress in our understanding of cerebral function requires us to know more about brain structure. But the converse is also true. Since a precise specification of the vast neural network encountered, for example, in the cerebal cortex is out of the question, we must ask what are the functionally significant parameters of neural structure. Thus the prejudices of the experimenter are unfortunately imprinted on the investigations at the outset, and we should be aware of some inevitable circularity in our approach.
Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA

The question of whether structural segment boundaries along multisegment normal faults such as the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) act as persistent barriers to rupture is critical to seismic hazard analyses. We synthesized late Holocene paleoseismic data from 20 trench sites along the central WFZ to evaluate earthquake rupture length and fault segmentation. For the youngest (<3 ka) and best-constrained earthquakes, differences in earthquake timing across prominent primary segment boundaries, especially for the most recent earthquakes on the north-central WFZ, are consistent with segment-controlled ruptures. However, broadly constrained earthquake times, dissimilar event times along the segments, the presence of smaller-scale (subsegment) boundaries, and areas of complex faulting permit partial-segment and multisegment (e.g., spillover) ruptures that are shorter (~20–40 km) or longer (~60–100 km) than the primary segment lengths (35–59 km). We report a segmented WFZ model that includes 24 earthquakes since ~7 ka and yields mean estimates of recurrence (1.1–1.3 kyr) and vertical slip rate (1.3–2.0 mm/yr) for the segments. However, additional rupture scenarios that include segment boundary spatial uncertainties, floating earthquakes, and multisegment ruptures are necessary to fully address epistemic uncertainties in rupture length. We compare the central WFZ to paleoseismic and historical surface ruptures in the Basin and Range Province and central Italian Apennines and conclude that displacement profiles have limited value for assessing the persistence of segment boundaries but can aid in interpreting prehistoric spillover ruptures. Our comparison also suggests that the probabilities of shorter and longer ruptures on the WFZ need to be investigated.
High average power 2-D laser diode arrays on silicon Microchannel coolers

Due to significant improvements in efficiency and reliability, diode laser arrays are becoming very attractive both as pump sources for practical solid state lasers and direct sources of coherent radiation. These uses, however, are frequently limited by current packaging technologies which are adequate only for low power or low duty factor applications.
Multiple Myeloma: Advances Reported in 2013 Are Useful in the Clinic

Studies on multiple myeloma reported in 2013 offer support for maintenance after induction and consolidation in newly diagnosed patients eligible for transplantation and for continued lenalidomide in patients not eligible for transplantation. The newest available agents, carfilzomib and pomalidomide, are approved to treat relapsed/refractory myeloma, and in combination they produce impressive response rates and durability. On the horizon, new classes of agents promise even more impressive gains in remission and survival.
Freedom to Choose to Marry

This article argues that marriage equality should be understood to have three interrelated aspects. First, the two members of the couple should be entitled to a relationship of equality. Second, marital and non marital couples should be treated with equal dignity and respect so that access to important societal benefits are not dependent on a couple's marital status. Third, individuals should be able to enter into marriage on a nondiscriminatory basis. The article argues that the Obergefell decision is neither the result or, nor likely to lead to, improvement in the first aspect of marriage equality unless the courts recognize the importance of women having a more genuine choice whether to enter (or leave) this institution. The article concludes by suggesting that we could better attain genuine marriage equality by insisting that the freedom to CHOOSE to marry requires the state to develop a more neutral legal stance towards the institution of marriage.
Two-photon fluorescence imaging with a tumor penetrating bioconjugate

2PA probes optimized for targeting and tissue penetration enable monitoring of tumors. 2PFM of whole-mount prostate tumor specimens using a tissue-penetrating bioconjugate probe showed remarkable detail of the tumor cell morphology.
Efficient Assimilation of Simulated Observations in a High-Dimensional Geophysical System Using a Localized Particle Filter

AbstractThis study presents the first application of a localized particle filter (PF) for data assimilation in a high-dimensional geophysical model. Particle filters form Monte Carlo approximations of model probability densities conditioned on observations, while making no assumptions about the underlying error distribution. Unlike standard PFs, the local PF uses a localization function to reduce the influence of distant observations on state variables, which significantly decreases the number of particles required to maintain the filter’s stability. Because the local PF operates effectively using small numbers of particles, it provides a possible alternative to Gaussian filters, such as ensemble Kalman filters, for large geophysical models. In the current study, the local PF is compared with stochastic and deterministic ensemble Kalman filters using a simplified atmospheric general circulation model. The local PF is found to provide stable filtering results over yearlong data assimilation experiments usi...
Study of closed tracheal suction catheters used in high frequency oscillatory ventilation

Objective: To investigate the role of the closed suction catheter in the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation(HFOV).Methods: 21 neonatal infant with severe disease in HFOV treatment by application of closed suction tube for mechanical ventilation.The percutaneous oxygen saturation,arterial blood gases,oxygenation index,arterial alveolar partial pressure of oxygen(a/A) and so on were monitored in the course of treatment.Results: After 2 hours of treatment,FiO2 was decreased,a/A PaO2 ratio was increased,the difference was significant(P0.05).There is the more significant difference after 6 hours(P0.01).And lung injury,bronchopulmonary dysplasia and so on were not observed. Conclusion: There are significant effects for severe neonatal infants by HFOV with closed suction tube airway management.
Difference Analysis of Continual ~(18)F- ion Production Twice a Day by Cyclotron

Objective G.E. Minitrace Cyclotron was used to produce 18F- ion twice a day with nuclear reaction 18O(p, n)18F. The 18F- ion activities of the second time were statistically higher than the first time when the conditions of production were different. This study assessed whether the 18F- ion activities of the second time were higher than the first time when the conditions of production were control. Methods 18F- ion was produced twice a day when the conditions of production, including the irradiation current, the irradiation time and the batch of 18O-H2O, were control. The results were analyzed to show whether the 18F- ion activities of the second time in ten days were statistically higher than the first time using paired samples T-test by SPSS 17.0. Results The mean 18F- ion activity of the second time was 831.45±54.05mCi, which was higher than that of the first time (746.24±11.75mCi) (P0.005). Conclusion When the conditions of production are control, the 18F- ion activities of the second time are higher than the first time. The influence factors include the 18O-H2O concentration in the cavity of target, the remnant 18F- ion in the tube and filter transferring to the target bottle at the second production and air humidity.
Entering Life Maimed: The Compatibility of Disability and Life

AbstractJesus declared in Matt 18:8-9 that a person can “enter life maimed.” To appreciate the radical nature of Jesus' words, the Deuteronomic theology of “life” is contrasted to the theology of “life” in Matthew's Gospel. In Deuteronomy, “life” is associated with existence in the land and physical wholeness. In contrast to Deuteronomy, “life” in Matthew is not associated with either the land or physical wholeness, but rather found by following Jesus. Therefore, having a physical disability is no hindrance to entering life. If a person can enter the life of the Age to Come with a disability, then the presence of a disability is no indication of God's disfavor. Many Christians need to reconsider their negative views of disability and life, because disability is compatible with life.
Is a Normal TSH Synonymous With “Euthyroidism” in Levothyroxine Monotherapy?

Context: Levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy is the standard of care for hypothyroidism. Objective: To determine whether LT4 at doses that normalize the serum TSH is associated with normal markers of thyroid status. Design: Cross-sectional data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2012) was used to evaluate 52 clinical parameters. LT4 users were compared to healthy controls and controls matched for age, sex, race, and serum TSH. Regression was used to evaluate for correlation with T4 and T3 levels. Participants: A total of 9981 participants with normal serum TSH were identified; 469 were LT4-treated. Results: Participants using LT4 had higher serum total and free T4 and lower serum total and free T3 than healthy or matched controls. This translated to approximately 15–20% lower serum T3:T4 ratios in LT4 treatment, as has been shown in other cohorts. In comparison to matched controls, LT4-treated participants had higher body mass index despite report of consuming fewer calories/da...
The measurement and interpretation of the electric strengths of aliphatic hydrocarbons

It has been reported-recently by Salvage (1) that the electric strengths of liquid, straight-chain hydrocarbons increase with increase in molecular weight from n-pentane through n-nonane. The purpose of the present work is to verify and investigate more carefully this behavior, and to interpret the results, if possible, in terms of the physical properties of the hydrocarbons.
Dielectric Relaxation in Lipid Bilayer Membranes

Takashima, Schwan and Tasaki(l) observed that the membrane capacitance of squid axon undergoes a dielectric relaxation in the proximity of lOKHz. They found, after careful analyses of data(vide infra) that the widely accepted membrane capacity luF/cm2 of nerve axon membrane(2) decreased to approximately 0.6 uF/cm2 between 2 and 50KHz. The origin of the frequency dependent membrane capacitance is still unknown and the present research is a further attempt to identify the component which undergoes the dispersion in the low frequency region.
External Macroeconomic Imbalances and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Developing Countries

We employ relative size of International Monetary Fund (IMF) credit as a proxy for interdependent macro variables that are associated with external macroeconomic imbalances or balance of payment (BOP) crisis to investigate how they impact foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. Relative size of IMF credit as a share of gross domestic product sends two mixed signals to multinational enterprises (MNEs). First, it is a signal that a country is facing an actual or potential BOP crisis. Second, countries that seek IMF credit typically agree to implement a set of “IMF conditionality” before financial credit is disbursed. This may signal to MNEs that policy reforms that must accompany IMF financial credit may result in ex ante positive economic outlook and stability. We find that relative size of IMF credit is negatively (positively) correlated with FDI inflows to developing countries below (above) a threshold value of economic freedom. The main implication of these findings is that MNEs may view developing countries with below average index of economic freedom as lacking institutional capabilities to implement recommended IMF policy reforms when faced with an actual or potential BOP crisis. Our results are robust across alternative model specifications and consistent with the theory of catalytic finance. (JEL F21, F23, F33)
Two single-piece acrylic intraocular lens choices and their effect on patient-reported driving habits.

Purpose To determine whether intraocular lens (IOL) type affects patient driving habits 6 months to 5 years after cataract surgery, and to determine whether there were differences in self-reported driving habits between patients who received 1 of 2 IOLs. Setting John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Patients completed a telephone-administered Driving Habits Questionnaire (DHQ) 6 months to 5 years after having bilateral cataract surgery with a single-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOL, SN60WF (Group 1) or ZCB00 IOL (Group 2), in both eyes. Results The study comprised 260 patients (130 in each IOL group). Of these, 117 in Group 1 and 114 in Group 2 were still active drivers. The DHQ response differences for each IOL group did not reach statistical significance, except for self-rated quality of driving and difficulties with driving at night. For these significant differences, contradictory results were found. Conclusions Patients with either of the monofocal IOLs had similar self-reported driving habits after bilateral cataract surgery. The choice of IOL did not affect patients' postoperative driving habits.
Production of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 receptor knockdown (GNRHR2 KD) swine line.

Swine are the only livestock species that produce both the second mammalian isoform of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH2) and its receptor (GNRHR2). Previously, we reported that GNRH2 and GNRHR2 mediate LH-independent testosterone secretion from porcine testes. To further explore this ligand-receptor complex, a pig model with reduced GNRHR2 expression was developed. Small hairpin RNA sequences targeting porcine GNRHR2 were subcloned into a lentiviral-based vector, lentiviral particles were generated and microinjected into the perivitelline space of zygotes, and embryos were transferred into a recipient. One GNRHR2 knockdown (KD) female was born that subsequently produced 80 piglets from 6 litters with 46 hemizygous progeny (57% transgenic). Hemizygous GNRHR2 KD (n = 10) and littermate control (n = 7) males were monitored at 40, 100, 150, 190, 225 and 300 days of age; body weight and testis size were measured and serum was isolated and assayed for testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. Body weight of GNRHR2 KD boars was not different from littermate controls (P = 0.14), but testes were smaller (P < 0.05; 331.8 vs. 374.8 cm3, respectively). Testosterone concentrations tended (P = 0.06) to be reduced in GNRHR2 KD (1.6 ng/ml) compared to littermate control (4.2 ng/ml) males, but LH levels were similar (P = 0.47). The abundance of GNRHR2 mRNA was reduced (P < 0.001) by 69% in testicular tissue from mature GNRHR2 KD (n = 5) versus littermate control (n = 4) animals. These swine represent the first genetically-engineered model to elucidate the function of GNRH2 and its receptor in mammals.
Atomoxetine in abstinent cocaine users: Sex differences.

Abstract Data presented are from a sex-differences secondary analysis of a human laboratory investigation of single doses of atomoxetine (40 mg and 80 mg) versus placebo in abstinent individuals with cocaine use disorders (CUD). Subjective drug effects, cognitive performance and cardiovascular measures were assessed. The primary atomoxetine dose analyses (which do not consider sex as a factor) are reported in full elsewhere (DeVito et al., 2017) [1] .
Use of ocean color scanner data in water quality mapping

Remotely sensed data, in combination with in situ data, are used in assessing water quality parameters within the San Francisco Bay-Delta. The parameters include suspended solids, chlorophyll, and turbidity. Regression models are developed between each of the water quality parameter measurements and the Ocean Color Scanner (OCS) data. The models are then extended to the entire study area for mapping water quality parameters. The results include a series of color-coded maps, each pertaining to one of the water quality parameters, and the statistical analysis of the OCS data and regression models. It is found that concurrently collected OCS data and surface truth measurements are highly useful in mapping the selected water quality parameters and locating areas having relatively high biological activity. In addition, it is found to be virtually impossible, at least within this test site, to locate such areas on U-2 color and color-infrared photography.
MIR142 Loss-of-Function Mutations Derepress ASH1L to Increase HOXA Gene Expression and Promote Leukemogenesis.

Point mutations in the seed sequence of miR-142-3p are present in a subset of AML and in several subtypes of B cell lymphoma. Here we show that mutations associated with AML result both in loss of miR-142-3p function and in decreased miR-142-5p expression. Mir142 loss altered the hematopoietic differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors, enhancing their myeloid potential while suppressing their lymphoid potential. During hematopoietic maturation, loss of Mir142 increased Ash1l protein expression and consequently resulted in the aberrant maintenance of Hoxa gene expression in myeloid-committed hematopoietic progenitors. Mir142 loss also enhanced the disease-initiating activity of IDH2 mutant hematopoietic cells in mice. Together these data suggest a novel model in which miR-142, through repression of ASH1L activity, plays a key role in suppressing HOXA9/A10 expression during normal myeloid differentiation. AML-associated loss-of-function mutations of MIR142 disrupt this negative signaling pathway, resulting in sustained HOXA9/A10 expression in myeloid progenitors/myeloblasts and ultimately contributing to leukemic transformation.
Collaborative writing in the EFL classroom: The effects of L1 and L2 use

Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that collaborative writing (CW) tasks are useful instructional activities as they increase the learning opportunities in language classrooms (Li & Zhu, 2017). However, when implementing CW tasks, language teachers in contexts where learners share an L1 are faced with a question—should learners interact with peers in the L1 or the L2? Existing research has focused on analyzing the functions of L1 interaction in CW, but no research has examined the effects of L1 use on the co-constructed texts. The present study addressed this question by investigating the effects of L1 and L2 use on the complexity, accuracy, fluency, and text quality of learners’ co-constructed texts. Thirty-five pairs of intermediate EFL learners were placed in two groups to write argumentative essays in English. First, group 1 (n = 18 pairs) interacted in the L1 and group 2 (n = 17 pairs) interacted in the L2. Next, the groups switched the language for interaction and wrote a second essay. The co-constructed essays were rated for complexity, accuracy, fluency, and text quality. The results indicate that collaboration in the L1 leads to higher syntactic complexity but no differences in accuracy, fluency, and text quality. Theoretical and pedagogical implications were discussed.
A room temperature END/B-VI, Mod. 3 cross section library

The ENDF/B-VI Mod. 2 library distributed in July 1994 has now been updated to include the most recent modifications to ENDF/B-VI; namely, Mod. 3. Between the original distribution (Mod. 0) and Mod. 2 libraries, 74 evaluations were updated and distributed in July 1994. Between Mod. 2 and 3 libraries, 18 evaluations were updated. No completely new evaluations have been added to the library since the original Mod. 0 release of ENDF/B-VI. Starting from the original evaluations, including cross sections represented in terms of a combination of resonance parameters and nominally 0 Kelvin cross sections, all of these evaluations have been processed using the ENDF/B Pre-processing codes, to produce room temperature, linearly interpolable tabulated cross sections, in the ENDF/B-VI format, ready for use in applications.
Continuous Process, Data, and a Research Agenda

In the middle of the 1990s few topics had attracted more attention among economists than the widening distribution of wage and salary incomes. Was the increase in inequality being caused by a new technology that puts a premium on higher education? Were the skills of persons without a college degree becoming obsolete at an “unprecedented pace”? What was the answer to the remark, “There’s got to be a place for blue-collar workers who don’t want to go to college,” made by a former union official on the occasion of the closing of an eighty-year-old automobile assembly plant? (Blumenstein 1996). For economists it has been hard to pin all or part of the blame on changing technology, the chief suspect, because technology is so difficult to measure at the macro level or even at the level of industry divisions like manufacturing.
Launching the " Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration "

The Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration was created to provide, for the first time, a unified forum to consider all factors that affect scientific practice and scientific discovery – with an emphasis on the changing face of contemporary biomedical science. In this endeavor we are bringing together three different groups of scholars: a) laboratory investigators, who make the discoveries that are the currency of the scientific enterprise; b) computer science and informatics investigators, who devise tools for data analysis, mining, visualization and integration; and c) social scientists, including sociologists, historians, and philosophers, who study scientific practice, collaboration, and information needs. We will publish original research articles, case studies, focus pieces, reviews, and software articles. All articles in the Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration will be peer reviewed, published immediately upon acceptance, freely available online via open access, and archived in PubMed Central and other international full-text repositories.
The use of enzymes for structural determination of complex carbohydrates.

It has been shown that sugar units in glycoconjugates carry specific biological messages. They have been found to serve as blood group determinants, cell surface antigens, and receptors for hormones, toxins and viruses. In order to understand the biological activity of a glycoconjugate, it is very important to accurately determine the structure of its complex carbohydrate chains. A complete structural analysis of a complex carbohydrate chain includes the determination of the anomeric configuration of each sugar unit, the sequential arrangement of sugar moieties and the linkage-points between pairs of monosaccharides within the sugar chain. Among the chemical methods, periodate oxidation and permethylation analysis are very useful, however, these two methods cannot provide information about the anomeric configuration and sequential arrangement of sugar units. We have shown that the stepwise release of monosaccharide units from the non-reducing terminus of a sugar chain by specific exo-glycosidases can provide us with this information. The use of endo-glycosidases to cleave the endoglycosidic linkages of a sugar chain has also been useful. The use of glycosidases for the structural analysis of complex carbohydrates is analogous to that of using nucleases and proteases for the structural analyses of nucleic acids and proteins, respectively. Since no single method can furnish complete structural information of a sugar chain, it is advantageous to use glycosidases together with other methods such as permethylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy to study the primary structure of complex carbohydrates.
208 Pb( 3 He, α) 207 Pb Reaction at 47.5 MeV

The absolute differential cross sections for the six lowest-lying levels of $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$ excited by the $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}(^{3}\mathrm{He}, \ensuremath{\alpha})^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$ reaction have been measured for 47.5-MeV incident energy. A distorted-wave analysis yields relative spectroscopic factors which are apparently not in good agreement with those obtained from the ($d, t$) reaction. Transitions with large $l$ transfer are strongly favored over those with small $l$. Further, the theoretical predictions for small $l$ are sensitive to the treatment of the contributions from the nuclear interior. The precise value of $l$ is not easily determined from angular-distribution measurements at this bombarding energy.
The Importance of Nonuniformities in Measurement for the Appearance of Divergence

Once we have applied the adjustments that appear useful for dealing with procedural anomalies and definitional incongruities between the NCS and UCR, the two series correspond much more closely. Nonetheless, major discrepancies between the series remain even when we restrict their scope to those crimes that are most comparable definitionally and procedurally. As social indicators, the two systems would sometimes have sent conflicting signals about crime during the period studied even had their reporting embodied the kinds of adjustments we have been able to make for these definitional and procedural differences. Undoubtedly, more precise and complete information on incidents that are out of scope in one series, but present in the other would further our understanding of these divergences. Some of their lack of accord may be due to the nonuniform application of definitions and procedures, to changes in procedures or to expedients that were adopted to facilitate data collection but which introduced series correlated measurement effects. For instance, UCR participating agencies that progressively report more multiple burglaries in a motel as separate incidents have misapplied the “hotel” rule and introduced nonuniformity of the first type. The substantial increase in telephone interviewing in the NCS since 1979 is an illustration of a procedural change that could affect series comparability. The decision to include data from “unbounded” interviews with residents of sampled units in making NCS estimates is illustrative of the third type of non-uniformity.
Effective Mask Patterning Strategy as Design Complexity and CD Stability

Design for manufacturing (DFM) is one of the solutions to avoid patterning issues and the resulted yield loss. It is dependent on process capability and manufacturability. As design rule and feature size shrinks, exposure conditions and OPC treatment are more complicated placing more dependence on accurate mask fabrication. This paper studies mask patterning issues in leading edge technology impacted by mask design and complexity. Mask pattern fidelity, CD uniformity, impact on wafer process, and adaptable solutions for yield loss/pattern issues are discussed here. In addition, we will mention mask friendly design and/or OPC, impacts on mask and wafer process based on mask fabrication capability and process of record (POR) for high-end mask technology.
Nación, mito e historia: La guerra hispano-cubano-norteamericana en el cine

Resumen: El presente ensayo estudia desde una perspectiva comparada las representaciones de la Guerra hispano-cubano-norteamericana en el cine de ficcion y no ficcion y su trascendencia en la construccion de imaginarios nacionales basados en relaciones de dominacion y resistencia. Si el cine norteamericano ha representado la contienda como la confirmacion de su Destino Manifiesto y su proyeccion internacional, en el caso espanol ha dado lugar a visiones que oscilan entre las nostalgias imperiales del cine franquista y el revisionismo historico de finales del siglo XX. El cine cubano, por su parte, ha visto en el enfrentamiento el origen de un largo ciclo de insurrecciones que habrian de culminar con el triunfo de la revolucion de 1959. En los tres casos, se recurre a una vision maniquea, propagandistica y mesianica de la historia; una vision que responde al ambito del mito y la escatologia, mas que al de la historia propiamente dicha. Abstract: Using a comparative perspective, this article explores cinematic (fictional and non-fictional) representations of the Spanish-Cuban-American War, as well as their importance in the construction of national imageries based on relations of dominance and resistance. While US cinema has portrayed the conflict as the validation of the nation´s Manifest Destiny and the beginning of its international projection, in the case of the Spain it has resulted in opposite views that go from the Francoist period´s imperial nostalgia to the revisionist views of the late 1990s. As for Cuban cinema, it has sought in this confrontation the origin of a long series of struggles for independence that culminated with the triumph of the Revolution in 1959. In all three cases, films resort to a Manichean, propagandistic, and Messianic view of history; a view that responds to the realm of myth and eschatology, rather than to the one of history itself.