cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Faculty Early-Retirement Programs

This paper formulates a demographic flow model that can be used to analyze the effects of university early-retirement policies on faculty appointment rates and rank and age distributions. In addition, it discusses a specific early-retirement plan designed to induce less productive older members of a faculty into voluntary withdrawal while offering significantly less encouragement to their more productive colleagues. The model is then used to examine the extent to which this plan is likely to achieve its intended results, namely an increase in the flow rate of new appointments, a reduction in the number of older faculty members in service, and a reduction in total personnel costs. Both short-run and equilibrium effects are analyzed with specific reference to the situation at Stanford University.
Potential-sensitive molecular probes in membranes of bioenergetic relevance

Revue generale traitant de l'utilisation de differentes sondes moleculaires (thiodicarbocyanine, oxonols, menocyanine 540, carotenoides p-aminostyrylpyridinum...) permettant la detection, la determination et la caracterisation cinetique des gradients electriques membranaires et de leur developpement dans differents systemes biologiques
A Survey of the Sources of Noise in fMRI

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a noninvasive method for measuring brain function by correlating temporal changes in local cerebral blood oxygenation with behavioral measures. fMRI is used to study individuals at single time points, across multiple time points (with or without intervention), as well as to examine the variation of brain function across normal and ill populations. fMRI may be collected at multiple sites and then pooled into a single analysis. This paper describes how fMRI data is analyzed at each of these levels and describes the noise sources introduced at each level.
The Greening of Literary Scholarship: Literature, Theory, and the Environment

A collection of thirteen original essays by leaders in the emerging field of ecocriticism. The Greening of Literary Scholarship is devoted to exploring new and previously neglected literatures, theories, and methods in environmental-literary scholarship. Each essay in this impressive collection challenges the notion that the study of environmental literature is separate from traditional concerns of criticism, and each applies ecocritical scholarship to literature not commonly explored in this context. New historicism, postcolonialism, deconstructionism, and feminist and Marxist theories are all utilized to evaluate and gain new insights into environmental literature; at the same time, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Upton Sinclair, Leslie Marmon Silko, and Susan Howe are studied from an ecocritical perspective. At its core, The Greening of Literary Scholarship offers a practical demonstration of how articulating traditional and environmental modes of literary scholarship can enrich the interpretation of literary texts and, most important, revitalize the larger fields of environmental and literary scholarship.
Magnetically induced swing movement of overhead power line conductors in a transition span subsequent to an initial fault

Abstract An initial electric fault can result in strong magnetic torque exerted on overhead power line conductors, which will make them swing and may bring them to close proximity or in contact with one another, causing a subsequent fault. Computer simulations have been developed for the analysis of the subsequent fault and presented in the authors’ earlier work for level spans and inclined spans that are both of uniform power line construction. However, in practice, a power line topology may require a transition from one power line structure to another. Such a required transition can be realized by a transition span. In this paper, we present a dynamic analysis of swing movement of power line conductors in a transition span subsequent to an initial fault, to track the smallest distance between the conductors, which is an important factor useful for predicting the probability of the subsequent fault. The analysis is much more complex than that for level spans and inclined spans. To address the complexity, we employ coordinate system transformations and establish a common coordinate system, then make use of it in the dynamic analysis. Sample numerical results are presented, analyzed, and checked with the energy conservation law requirement.
Multilevel evidence fusion for the recognition of 3-D objects: an overview of computer vision research at IBM/T.J. Watson

We describe the research activities of the Exploratory Computer Vision Group at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center; this is a follow-up of the work reported previously.6 The focus of the ongoing work is the development of an experimental vision system for recognition of 3D objects. The thrust of the development of the vision system is to investigate techniques that may lead to a system that scales with the size of the problem; here, by the size of the problem, we mean the complexity of the scene - the number of object in the scene - and, the number of objects in the database - i.e., the number of objects that the system can recognize. Fusion is a recurring theme in our research. E.g., fusion of evidence about different features extracted from the data; fusion of information obtained at different points in the image; fusion of information extracted from high and low-resolution images. Therefore, rather than focussing on a particular aspect of our work, we present an overview of the work.
Autoimmune hepatitis: a fertile field

See article on page 97 The impact of chronic liver disease on the endo- crine system has been of great interest to both endocrinologists and hepatologists, as multiple abnormalities in sex hormone metabolism have been reported. In addition, a number of clinical manifestation of liver disease have been reported to be the result of these, including amenorrhoea, impotency, gynaecomastia, and spider angiomata There is probably no greater demand on the female endocrine system than the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. In this regard, the disease autoimmune hepatitis is of particular interest as it predominantly impacts women, and at a relatively younger age, compared with many other forms of chronic liver disease. In addition, these patients often have cirrhosis by the time a diagnosis is made. The majority of patients respond well to immunosuppressive drugs but most women with autoimmune hepatitis require maintenance immunosuppression for …
Reduced area specific resistance for iron-based metallic interconnects by surface oxide coatings

Abstract The effects of various reactive-element coatings on the oxidation kinetics of two commercial iron-based alloys, Ebrite and ANSI 446, at elevated temperatures were investigated. Although NiO is not regarded as a reactive element oxide, it was chosen as a coating due to the enhanced conductivity of Cr2O3 by doping with NiO. Hot-dipping was used to make the desired coatings. The results consistently show a pronounced reduction in oxidation rate by either a Y2O3 coating or an equally mixed Y2O3/NiO double coating, particularly at low temperature, but only a slight influence by NiO coating. Examination of the scale microstructures revealed a continuous denser scale strongly bonded to the underlying metal for a Y2O3 coating, but visible micro-cracks for NiO coating. Electrical resistance measurements after a Y2O3 coating indicate a corresponding reduction in area specific resistance (ASR) with platinum and oxide electrodes, but an increase in ASR with oxide electrodes for a NiO coating. With a Y2O3/NiO double coating, a careful control of the NiO level in the scale has led to a denser, thinner and conducting Cr2O3 scale.
Luxury primary care--market innovation or threat to access?

Primary care practitioners in several states have recently decided to restructure their practices in a way that enables them to see a much smaller number of patients and to spend more time with the ones they do see. Patients enrolled in these practices, referred to as “luxury primary care,” pay an annual fee to the practice. In return for this annual fee, they can expect certain amenities that are not currently part of primary care, such as access to their physicians 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, using cell phones or prompt paging devices.1 When they see their . . .
Two Empirical Inquiries Into the Role of The Personnel and Guidance Journal As a Professional Publication.

A survey of the APGA membership was undertaken in the fall of 1977 to determine interest and content-process priorities of readers of the Personnel and Guidance Journal. The survey was sent to a stratified random sample of members reflecting appropriate distribution by division membership and geographic area of residence. The list of members was obtained from the APGA central office. The result of the data analyses suggests that the Personnel and Guidance Journal has generally served the diverse interests of the membership well. Some differences in emphasis and content preferences were identified between divisions.
A search for new features in the visible spectrum of Io

The spectrum of Io between 4000 A and 6000 A has been studied at high resolution for new features. None were found. The upper limit to new emissions varies with wavelength from 13 kR to 49 kR.
Percutaneous venovenous Perfusion-Induced systemic hyperthermia for lung cancer: a phase I safety study

Abstract Background Veno-venous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia (VV-PISH) homogeneously raises core body temperature potentially improving outcomes from metastatic lung cancer. Methods Patients (n = 10) with stage IV lung cancer, received VV-PISH (≥ 42°C to ≤ 42.5°C) for 120 minutes. General anesthesia, spontaneous ventilation, and heparinization allowed for percutaneous central venous access. The ThermoChem HT system provided extracorporeal blood flow (1000 to 1340 mL/min), used a calculated average core temperature for feedback control of blood heating, and included a charcoal-based sorbent for electrolyte homeostasis. Results The first three patients helped in refining the technique and reflect an evolutionary process, therefore their data are not included as part of the VV-PISH cohort. Venovenous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia (n = 7) had a preoperative weight loss of 4.4 ± 2.8 Kg, and a Karnofsky score of ≥ 70. Time to target temperature was 47 ± 2 minutes, as electrolytes remained normal, without patient or circuit complications. Extubation occurred between 6 and 18 hours. Hospital stay was 4.6 ± 1.1 days; median length-of-survival after hyperthermia was 271 days. For concurrent controls (n = 16, stage IV lung cancer), median length-of-survival from time of diagnosis to death was 96 days, but for the VV-PISH patients it was significantly longer at 450 days ( p Conclusions Venovenous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia is safe, technically feasible, and achieves target temperature. Survival may be enhanced in stage IV lung cancer.
Microshutter arrays: high contrast programmable field masks for JWST NIRSpec

Microshutter arrays are one of the novel technologies developed for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). It will allow Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSpec) to acquire spectra of hundreds of objects simultaneously therefore increasing its efficiency tremendously. We have developed these programmable arrays that are based on Micro-Electro Mechanical Structures (MEMS) technology. The arrays are 2D addressable masks that can operate in cryogenic environment of JWST. Since the primary JWST science requires acquisition of spectra of extremely faint objects, it is important to provide very high contrast of the open to closed shutters. This high contrast is necessary to eliminate any possible contamination and confusion in the acquired spectra by unwanted objects. We have developed and built a test system for the microshutter array functional and optical characterization. This system is capable of measuring the contrast of the mciroshutter array both in visible and infrared light of the NIRSpec wavelength range while the arrays are in their working cryogenic environment. We have measured contrast ratio of several microshutter arrays and demonstrated that they satisfy and in many cases far exceed the NIRSpec contrast requirement value of 2000.
Global warming and the future of Caribbean coral reefs

Computer simulations with the COREEF model (Graus et al. 1984) demonstrate that the growth of Caribbean coral reefs will be unable to match all but the most optimistic predicted rates of sea level rise that global warming is expected to cause over the next few centuries, and, therefore, these reefs will gradually become more submerged. As they deepen, higher waves will propagate into back-reef areas, altering the ecological and sedimentological zonation patterns and accelerating the erosion of leeward shelves and shores. Resuspended sediment will increase the turbidity, causing the demise of sediment-sensitive corals and possibly entire reef communities.
Spectral Properties and Effect of Drying Temperature on Almonds with Concealed Damage

Abstract The feasibility of using near infrared light transmission, obtained after drying, to predict if an almond would develop concealed damage after roasting was studied. It was observed that, after drying, nuts with concealed damage have less absorbance in the oil absorption band at 930 nm and increased absorbance in the region between 700 and 750 nm. From near infrared transmission spectra obtained after drying, discriminant analysis was used to classify nuts as concealed damaged or undamaged; validation classification error rates as low as 12.4% were obtained. The effect of drying temperature, and moisture exposure, on the incidence of almonds with concealed damage was also studied. The use of a lower temperature drying treatment can reduce the incidence of concealed damage. The incidence of concealed damage for nuts receiving the same moisture treatment was 44.4 and 1.2% when dried at 110 and 55 °C, respectively.
Fish Species Richness in Oxbow Lakes

As bass boats and crappie rigs fly down county roads headed for the morning bite at large reservoirs in Mississippi and Arkansas, many of their owners don't realize that they are most likely drivin...
Gray codes for reflection groups

LetG be a finite group generated by reflections. It is shown that the elements ofG can be arranged in a cycle (a "Gray code") such that each element is obtained from the previous one by applying one of the generators. The case G =A 1 n yields a conventional binary Gray code. These generalized Gray codes provide an efficient way to run through the elements of any finite reflection group.
Sediment-Associated Phototoxicity to Aquatic Organisms

ABSTRACT Phototoxicity is a two to greater than 1000-fold increase in chemical toxicity caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV), which has been demonstrated in a broad range of marine and freshwater fish, invertebrates, and other aquatic organisms in water column exposures. Field collected sediments containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other contaminants are phototoxic to sediment-dwelling organisms in laboratory tests, but in situ or field investigations of phototoxicity have not been reported. Sediment provides a pathway for the bioaccumulation of phototoxic chemicals through contact with and ingestion of bedded and suspended sediment, and maternal transfer, but risks are uncertain. Risks from sediment-associated phototoxicity will be greatest in areas of both high contaminant exposure (e.g., surficial and suspended sediments in harbors, outfall areas, and spill sites), and high UV exposure (e.g., high optical clarity or shallow depths). Organisms and life-stages most at risk will be thos...
Effect of imipramine on serotonin turnover in the lateral hypothalamus.

Abstract One hour following an infusion of 3H-5- animals were injected with either 15 mg/kg imipramine hydrochloride or 0.9% NaCl and then the lateral hypothalamus was perfused for 40 min. Samples of perfusate were analyzed by thin layer chromatography for estimation of 3H-labelled 5-hydroxytryptamine and metabolites. The results indicate that impramine hydrochloride 15 mg/kg decreases serotonin release and turnover in the lateral hypothalamus.
Parallel Fortran-MPI software for numerical inversion of the Laplace transform and its application to oscillatory water levels in groundwater environments

Abstract A parallel Fortran-MPI (Message Passing Interface) software for numerical inversion of the Laplace transform based on a Fourier series method is developed to meet the need of solving intensive computational problems involving oscillatory water level's response to hydraulic tests in a groundwater environment. The software is a parallel version of ACM (The Association for Computing Machinery) Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) Algorithm 796. Running 38 test examples indicated that implementation of MPI techniques with distributed memory architecture speedups the processing and improves the efficiency. Applications to oscillatory water levels in a well during aquifer tests are presented to illustrate how this package can be applied to solve complicated environmental problems involved in differential and integral equations. The package is free and is easy to use for people with little or no previous experience in using MPI but who wish to get off to a quick start in parallel computing.
New Element, Lawrencium, Atomic Number 103

An element with atomic number 103 STAsuggested name Lawrencium (Lw)! is produced by bombardment of highly purified Cf (isotope nos. 249, 250, 251, and 252) with either B/sup 1//sup 0/ or B/sup 1//sup 1/. Alpha particle emission energies of 8.6 Mev and an 8 plus or minus 2-sec half life are attributed to the new element; it is thought that the mass number is 257. (T.F.H.)
Petitioning against the “Opium Evil”: economic policy as humanitarian intervention in early antidrug rhetoric

In 1900, two ex-missionaries submitted a petition to President William McKinley requesting his intervention against the opium trade in China. Their petition laid the foundation for twentieth century antidrug rhetoric by blending arguments about morality and human productivity. The petition upheld “legitimate” markets as a moral good capable of benefiting both the United States and China. This rhetoric, which conjoined economic advantage with humanitarian mission, answered two problems facing U.S. policy makers after the Spanish-American War: the charge from anti-imperialists that imperialism was fundamentally antidemocratic and anti-American and that of assuring improved trade with China, one of the principal goals of the Philippine conquest.
Optimization in the Design and Control of Robotic Manipulators: A Survey

Robotics is a relatively new and evolving technology being applied to manufacturing automation and is fast replacing the special-purpose machines or hard automation as it is often called. Demands for higher productivity, better and uniform quality products, and better working environments are primary reasons for its development. An industrial robot is a multifunctional and computer-controlled mechanical manipulator exhibiting a complex and highly nonlinear behavior. Even though most current robots have anthropomorphic configurations, they have far inferior manipulating abilities compared to humans. A great deal of research effort is presently being directed toward improving their overall performance by using optimal mechanical structures and control strategies. The optimal design of robot manipulators can include kinematic performance characteristics such as workspace, accuracy, repeatability, and redundancy. The static load capacity as well as dynamic criteria such as generalized inertia ellipsoid, dynamic manipulability, and vibratory response have also been considered in the design stages. The optimal control problems typically involve trajectory planning, time-optimal control, energy-optimal control, and mixed-optimal control. The constraints in a robot manipulator design problem usually involve link stresses, actuator torques, elastic deformation of links, and collision avoidance. This paper presents a review of the literature on the issues of optimum design andmore » control of robotic manipulators and also the various optimization techniques currently available for application to robotics.« less
Celecoxib for systemic lupus erythematosus: case series and literature review of the use of NSAIDs in SLE

The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients both with and without a self-reported sulfa drug allergy and to review the literature on the use of nonsteroidal agents in SLE subjects. A retrospective review of medical records was performed for 50 SLE patients seen by a community-based rheumatologist and treated with open label celecoxib in doses of 200-400 mg/day for a period of 1-9 months. A MEDLINE search of all articles pertaining to the use of NSAIDs in patients with SLE since 1966 was undertaken. We noted that, in this cohort of celecoxib-treated SLE patients from an office rheumatology practice, the majority demonstrated some improvement, and little toxicity was observed. SLE patients with self-reported sulfa allergies were not more likely to have adverse reactions to celecoxib than non-sulfa allergic patients. The literature review performed herein reveals that, although NSAID toxicity should be a continuing concern in an SLE population, structural dissimilarities between celecoxib and the sulfonamide antimicrobials may make true cross-allergenicity less likely to be a clinical problem. These results suggest that patients with SLE can be safely and effectively treated with celecoxib; however, further studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and safety of all NSAIDs in SLE.
A method to generate autocorrelated uniform random numbers

We present a simple, fast method to generate autocorrelated uniform random numbers. The “sum of uniforms” method adds a pair of U(0,1) random numbers, transforms the sum to a third U(0,1) random number, and uses this third random number as one member of the next pair. The method produces any desired level of positive or negative correlation between successive random numbers.
Susceptibility of annealed starches to hydrolysis by α-amylase and glucoamylase

The objective of this work was to determine if annealing altered the susceptibility of different starches to enzyme hydrolysis. Five commercial starches, including waxy corn, common corn, Hylon V, Hylon VII, and potato, were annealed by a multiple-step process, and their susceptibility to α-amylase and glucoamylase and the physicochemical properties of the hydrolyzed native and annealed starches were determined. During 36 h of enzyme hydrolysis, significant differences were noted between annealed starch and its native counterpart in the extent of α-amylolysis for Hylon V, Hylon VII, and potato, and in the extent of glucoamylolysis for potato. Waxy and common corn starches were hydrolyzed to a greater degree by both enzymes when compared with the other starches. The apparent amylose content of both native and annealed starches decreased during α-amylolysis for all starches, but increased for Hylon V, VII, and potato starches during glucoamylolysis. Most native and annealed starches exhibited comparable or increased peak gelatinization temperatures and comparable or decreased gelatinization enthalpy on hydrolysis with the exception of annealed potato starch, which showed a significant decrease in peak gelatinization temperature on hydrolysis. Annealed starches displayed significant higher peak gelatinization temperatures than their native counterparts. The intensity of main X-ray diffraction peaks of all starches decreased upon hydrolysis, and the changes were more evident for glucoamylase-hydrolyzed starches. The annealing process allowed for a greater accessibility of both enzymes to the amorphous as well as the crystalline regions to effect significant changes in gelatinization properties during enzyme hydrolysis.
Centesimus Annus: A critical Jewish perspective

The author reviews a series of deep affinities between the Catholic social teaching embodied in Pope John Paul II's recent encyclical,Centesimus Annus, and traditional Jewish teachings about economic justice. At the same time, the author maintains that from a Jewish perspective there is a “disquieting” feature to this recent papal letter. It presents twentieth century history in ways that mute or conceal the role some earlier papal teaching played in the rise of corporatist states, with their authoritarian regimes and xenophobic nationalism.Centesimus annus thus obscures the complex contribution Catholic social teaching made to the events leading up to the Holocaust of European Jewry.
Polymeric base additives for lithographic improvement in DUV resist system

Recently, base additives have become indispensable ingredients in high resolution chemically amplified resists. These bases act as acid scavengers to extend shelf life for low activation systems such as ketal and acetal protected polyhydroxystyrene type rest. They are also used to improve contamination resistance for high activation resist system such as TBOC and t-butyl ester containing resins. Studies have also shown that base additives can reduce linewidth slimming and PEB sensitivity for acetal systems. Actually, one of the most important benefits of base additives is to limit acid diffusion and enhance chemical contrast during exposure and bake process, hence improving resolution and process latitudes. In this paper, we show that polymeric bases provide better litho performance than small compounds. In addition, hydroxides are found to be better than carboxylate salts and amines.
Field test results for the 6 MW Carrizo Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant

Abstract Testing of subgroups, trackers, and laminates was performed at the Carrizo Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant. Testing was performed to characterize the effects of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) degradation at the plant. EVA degradation is believed to have been accelerated by the high operating temperatures accompanying the use of mirrors to concentrate sunlight. Testing of 128 laminates revealed that degradation is highly non-uniform. Measured laminate peak power values ranged from 8.6 W to 47.8 W with an average value of 32.6 W. This average was 35.9% below the installed laminate rating at similar conditions. Mismatch between laminates contributed an additional power loss of 11.1%. Mismatch was found to increase with laminate temperature. One tracker was tested with and without mirror enhancement. It produced 3046.5 W with mirrors and 3275.9 W when the mirrors were covered. Preliminary results indicate that removal of the mirrors would increase the plant's peak power output on hot days.
Hemodynamics and the Vascular Endothelium

The endothelium, once thought to be a passive, non-thrombogenic barrier, is now recognized as being a dynamic participant in vascular biology and pathobiology. Part of its dynamic nature is due to the influence of the mechanical environment imposed by the hemodynamics of the vascular system. Over the past two decades much has been learned about the influence of hemodynamics on the vascular endothelium. This has been in part through in vivo experiments; however, in the past 15 years a number of laboratories have turned to the application of in vitro cell culture systems to investigate the influence of flow and cyclic stretch on the biology of vascular endothelium. Taken together these studies demonstrate that flow and the associated shear stress modulate both endothelial cell structure and function. Cell culture studies employing cyclic stretch provide similar evidence. Furthermore, these effects of mechanical environment extend to the gene expression level, with there being a differential regulation of mRNA. A critical question is how does an endothelial cell recognize the mechanical environment in which it resides and, having done so, how is this transduced into the changes in structure and function observed? Although our knowledge of the recognition events remains limited, studies on signal transduction in response to a mechanical stimulus indicate that many of the second messengers known to be triggered by chemical agonists also are involved in transducing a mechanical signal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interferometric measurement of quantum noise in a Raman amplifier.

How large must the input signal to an amplifier be to dominate the quantum noise introduced during amplification? We attempt to answer this question for a Raman amplifier with anexperiment that utilizes a modified Mach-Zender interferometer with an amplifier placed in each leg. The quantum noise added by the amplifiers manifests itself by degrading the visibility of the output fringes from the interferometer. Only an average of a few photons per mode were necessary to achieve good visibility
Electron-hole excitations in NiO : LSDA + U-based calculations vs. inelastic X-ray scattering and ellipsometry measurements

Abstract The performance of the LSDA+U functional—in particular, the quality of the ground-state—is tested via calculations of the electron–hole excitations of NiO, which are compared with (non-resonant) inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) and ellipsometry measurements. The dynamical density-response calculations are performed within the random-phase approximation (RPA), defining an LSDA+U/RPA density-response method. A significant success of this method is the insight it provides into the main loss present in the IXS data above the NiO optical gap, namely, a peak lying at ∼7.5 eV. This excitation, which is shown to be collective in nature, and to be induced by e g –e g transitions, provides a direct link between the correlated e g -states and the IXS data. This finding illustrates the power of IXS, combined with correlated-band-structure theory (here, LSDA+U theory), for the investigation of the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials. At the same time, our results indicate that the LSDA+U/RPA response method does not represent a complete theory.
The ENTREE Model for Integrating Technologically Rich Learning Strategies in a School of Nursing

Abstract Nursing education organizations such as the American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the National League for Nursing have called for change in undergraduate curricula. The health care environment of today requires new graduate nurses to be information fluent and competent in use of technological tools. However, incorporating health care technology and innovative educational tools such as high-fidelity simulation into nursing curricula can be daunting to faculty because of the steep learning curve. The ENTREE model described here is a systematic approach to developing faculty to use simulation and other technologies as teaching–learning strategies. Discussion of the ENTREE model, based on other change process theories, is included.
Superheavy Elements: A Crossroads

The failure to synthesize superheavy elements by using complete fusion reactions is most likely understandable in terms of the low survival probabilities of the superheavy precursors formed in these reactions or (in some cases) the failure to achieve complete fusion. Further attempts to synthesize these elements by using complete fusion or deep inelastic transfer reactions, or both, are discussed in light of these results.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferase (SULT) 2B1b to Phospho-mimetic Ser348Asp Results in an Isoform With Increased Catalytic Activity

Abstract Human SULT2B1b is distinct from other SULT isoforms due to the presence of unique amino (N)- and carboxy (C)-terminal peptides. Using site-directed mutagenesis, it was determined that phosphorylation of Ser348 was associated with nuclear localization. To investigate the effects of this phosphorylation of Ser348 on activity and cellular localization, an in silico molecular mimic was generated by mutating Ser348 to an Asp. The Asp residue mimics the shape and charge of a phospho-Ser and homology models of SULT2B1b-phospho-S348 and SULT2B1b-S348D suggest a similar significant structural rearrangement in the C-terminal peptide. To evaluate the functional consequences of this post-translational modification and predicted rearrangement, 6His-SULT2B1b-S348D was synthesized, expressed, purified and characterized. The 6His-SULT2B1b-S348D has a specific activity for DHEA sulfation ten-fold higher than recombinant 6His-SULT2B1b (209.6 and 21.8 pmol min −1 mg −1 , respectively). Similar to native SULT2B1b, gel filtration chromatography showed SULT2B1b-S348D was enzymatically active as a homodimer. Stability assays comparing SULT2B1b and SUL2B1b-S348 demonstrated that SULT2B1b is 60% less thermostable than SULT2B1b-348D. The increased stability and sulfation activity allowed for better characterization of the sulfation kinetics for putative substrates as well as the determination of dissociation constants that were difficult to obtain with wild-type (WT) 6His-SULT2B1b. The K D s for DHEA and PAPS binding to 6His-SULT2B1b-S348D were 650 ± 7 nM and 265 ± 4 nM, respectively, whereas K D s for binding of substrates to the WT enzyme could not be determined. Characterization of the molecular mimic SULT2B1b-S348D provides a better understanding for the role of the unique structure of SULT2B1b and its effect on sulfation activity, and has allowed for improved kinetic characterization of the SULT2B1b enzyme.
Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: A reexamination of Murray's Narcism Scale.

Abstract A new measure of hypersensitive narcissism was derived by correlating the items of H. A. Murray's (1938) Narcism Scale with an MMPI-based composite measure of covert narcissism. In three samples of college students (total N = 403), 10 items formed a reliable measure: the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS). The new HSNS and the MMPI-based composite showed similar patterns of correlations with the Big Five Inventory, and both measures correlated near zero with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, which assesses overt narcissism. Results support P. Wink's (1991) distinction between covert and overt narcissistic tendencies in the normal range of individual differences and suggest that it would be beneficial for personality researchers to measure both types of narcissism in future studies.
Developing literate environments: Fleshing out the demand side of Education For All

Abstract This article explores the concept of a literate environment as a framework for better recognizing and more fully specifying the demand side of Education For All – that is, the factors that determine the uses to which new literate, numerate and technical skills can in fact be beneficially put in any given context. Lessons from the history of literacy and experience from the assessment of nonformal education programs in Africa are used to suggest a perspective that balances the supply and demand sides of the issue and some of the policies and political conditions for achieving EFA under initially threadbare circumstances.
THE EFFICACY OF STIMULUS FADING AND CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF ELECTIVE MUTISM: A CASE STUDY1

Stimulus fading techniques were compared to those of contingency management in the treatment of a 6-yr-old, electively mute girl. Experimental periods consisted of the mother rewarding the child for verbal and motor responses to scheduled tasks, while a stranger slowly entered the room and then gradually administered the task items as mother left the room. A timeout contingency for non-response to task items was also employed. Control periods consisted of a stranger administering the same tasks to the child under the same contingencies but without the presence of the mother or the use of stimulus fading. Experimental and control periods were alternated during each treatment hour. The stimulus fading procedure was found to be a necessary component of the treatment process. While the timeout contingency for non-response was found to facilitate treatment if combined with stimulus fading, it was completely ineffective without the stimulus fading.
Reaction of bony tissue to implanted silver glass ionomer and a reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement.

Objective To evaluate the tissue responses to implants of Ketac Silver and Super EBA cement in the guinea pig mandible. Study design. Sixteen guinea pigs were used for 2 experimental periods of 4 and 12 weeks. Both materials were placed in Teflon applicators and implanted into surgically prepared sites in the mandible. A histologic examination for reaction to the material occurred after the animals were killed and processed. Results. After 4 weeks, minimal inflammatory reactions were observed in Ketac Silver implants, whereas the Super EBA implants showed minimal to moderate inflammation. Localized foreign body reaction was present in areas of fragmented small particles of Ketac Silver. At 12-weeks observation, no inflammatory reactions were present around either material. Direct bone contact was observed in 1 Ketac Silver implant. Conclusions. Ketac Silver and Super EBA cement elicited mild reactions under the conditions of this model. From a biologic point of view, these 2 materials may offer equal utility in endodontic surgery.
In Vitro Hemagglutination Activity of β-Conglycinin and Glycinin Fractions and Feeding Study of Non-Thermal Treated Soy Protein

The purpose of this study was to use non-thermal means to reduce hemagglutination activities of soy proteins and thereby improve the feeding quality of the resulting treated proteins. Two storage proteins in soybeans, β-conglycinin- and glycinin-rich fractions, were shown to have in vitro hemagglutination activity. The activity of the β-conglycinin fraction was not reduced by hydrolysis with single proteases, but the hemagglutination activity was fully eliminated by multiple enzyme treatments if it was first heated. However, the activity of glycinin fraction was not fully eliminated by either single or multiple enzyme hydrolysis. Pepsin and pancreatin hydrolysis, which was effective in eliminating hemagglutination activity of soybean agglutinin (SBA), was used to generate a feed material for in vivo evaluation of nutritional quality of soy white flake (SWF). SBA in reducing agent-treated then pepsin–pancreatin treated SWF was deactivated on analytical scale experiment, but not in the feed material. The treated SWF feed material did not improve chick growth performance compared with the raw SWF. However, chicks did not show enlargement of the pancreas or the intestines compared to the raw SWF feed, indicating deactivation of anti-nutritional factors. The trypsin inhibitors seemed to play a more important role than the hemagglutination activity of soy proteins in this nutritional test.
College Student's Thoughts About Leaving the University: The Impact of Faculty Attitudes and Behaviors

College students at a large Western university (N = 729) were surveyed about 19 potential faculty attitude and behavior items and the items relative impact on student's thoughts about leaving the u...
Effects of reservoir dispenser height on efficacy of mating disruption of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple.

BACKGROUND: Theeffect of varying theheight of reservoirdispensers for mating disruption of codling moth,Cydiapomonella (L.), was investigated. The goal was to improve the effectiveness of C. pomonella mating disruption through improved understanding of adult distribution within the tree canopy and the impact of pheromone dispenser placement on disruption. Two dispenserspertreewere placedat2 mand4 m and/oronedispenserateachheightonthetreeatalabel rateof 1000 units ha −1 . Monitoring traps and tethered female moths were deployed in plots at 2 and 4 m heights to assess treatment effects by catches or matings respectively. RESULTS: Fewest male moths were captured with all dispensers placed at 4 m. Female mating was lowest, and with least variation between females tethered at 2 and 4 m, when dispensers were placed simultaneously at 2 and 4 m (28% mated). Mating was 32% with both dispensers at 4 m, 38% with both dispensers at 2 m and 46% in the no disruption control. Mating was highest across treatments when females were tethered at 2 m and dispensers placed at 4 m (40%), and when females were tethered at 4 m with dispensers placed at 2 m (46%). CONCLUSION:Trapsat4 mintreescapturedmoremalemothsthantrapsat2 m,regardlessofdisruptiondispenserpositioning. Femalematingwaslowestwhendispenserswereplacedsimultaneouslyat2and4m,suggestingthatcurrentrecommendations for placement of reservoir dispensers in tree crowns may be suboptimal. c � 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The Oxford Martyrs and the English Protestant Movement, 1553–58

The ascendancy of Mary Tudor to the English throne in 1553, following the death of her half‐brother Edward VI placed the island nation in a precarious religious and political situation. After endur...
Phylogeny of the subgenus sophophora (Diptera: drosophilidae) based on combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences.

Sequences from the nuclear (nu) alcohol dehydrogenase gene, the nu 28S ribosomal RNA locus, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene were used both individually and in combined analyses to infer the phylogeny of the subgenus Sophophora (Diptera: Drosophilidae). We used several optimality criteria, including maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and minimum evolution, to analyze these partitions to test the monophyly of the subgenus Sophophora and its four largest species groups, melanogaster, obscura, saltans, and willistoni. Our results suggest that the melanogaster and obscura species groups are each monophyletic and form a closely related clade. The Neotropical clade, containing the saltans and willistoni species groups, is also recovered, as previous studies have suggested. While the saltans species group is strongly supported as monophyletic, the results of several analyses indicate that the willistoni species group may be paraphyletic with respect to the saltans species group.
USING ART IN NARRATIVE THERAPY: ENHANCING THERAPEUTIC POSSIBILITIES

Abstract Narrative therapy attempts to help families “reauthor” their lives through a process of externalization, unique outcomes, and performance before an audience. The interventions in this model are accomplished mostly through language. This may make narrative therapy a complicated process for many therapists and clients. The purpose of this article is to show how applying art therapy techniques to the basic principles of narrative therapy enhances the potential for therapists and families to open the door to externalizing conversations that lead to a new life.
Reconstruction of heat transfer coefficients using the approach of stage-by-stage suboptimal optimization and Huber-Tikhonov filtering of input data

The problem of the identification of time-dependent heat transfer coefficients in the initial-boundary-value problem for the nonlinear heat conduction equation is studied. An approach is proposed based on the stage-by-stage suboptimal optimization of the cost functional and input data filtering using the Huber-Tikhonov functional. Results are presented for the numerical modeling of the identification problem in conditions of both standard noisy data and noise emissions.
Do macroeconomic crises always slow human capital accumulation

The impact of macroeconomic crises on the investments made by parents in the human capital of their children is a question of considerable policy importance. Analysis of the effects of the profound 1988-92 macroeconomic crisis in Peru on the schooling and employment decisions of school-age children in urban areas finds no effect on attendance rates but a significant decline in the fraction of children who are both employed and attend school. It also finds significantly higher mean educational attainment for children exposed to the crisis than for those who were not. These findings may be related: children who are not employed have more time available and may therefore put more effort into school.
A Promoter Relay Mechanism for Sequential Gene Activation

The effect of DNA supercoiling on gene expression is dependent not only on specific genes but also on the sequence context of the genes. This position-dependent supercoiling effect on gene activation is best illustrated in the study of the suppression of the leu-500 mutation of the leuABCD operon in a Salmonella typhimurium topA mutant. In this communication, we report a novel promoter relay mechanism whereby several genes are sequentially expressed in a position-dependent manner: the ilvIH promoter (pilvIH) activates a cryptic leuO promoter (pleuO) located between the two divergently arrayed ilvIH and leu-500 promoters. Both the cis-acting pleuO activity and the trans-acting LeuO protein are necessary for subsequent activation of the leu-500 promoter (pleu-500). Furthermore, pleuO can be functionally replaced with the inducible tac promoter (ptac) for leu-500 activation, suggesting that transcription-driven DNA supercoiling underlies the relay mechanism. This is the first example of several related genes communicating via a promoter relay mechanism for their coordinated expression.
Effect of scavenging on ambient levels of nitrous oxide in ambulances

Nitrous oxide scavenging devices have not been tested in the prehospital setting. We studied two nitrous oxide scavenging devices and their effect on ambient levels of nitrous oxide in the patient compartment of a stationary ambulance. We compared the ambient levels of gas when nitrous oxide scavenging was in use versus when it was not. In addition, we evaluated the effect of two different mask designs on ambient levels of nitrous oxide. With eight healthy male volunteers acting as their own controls using a series of mask/scavenger combinations, we found that there was a significant difference in the ambient levels of nitrous oxide when a scavenger was in use. The mean time-weighted average was 776 parts per million/min when no scavenger was used. When gas scavenging was in use, the mean time-weighted average never exceeded 150 parts per million/min. ( P
Efficacy of Linezolid Alone or in Combination with Vancomycin for Treatment of Experimental Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The levels of effectiveness of linezolid, vancomycin, and the combination of linezolid and vancomycin were compared in the rabbit model of endocarditis caused by a clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate. Vancomycin alone was more effective than either linezolid alone or the combination of linezolid and vancomycin for the treatment of endocarditis due to MRSA.
New glass system for low-loss optical waveguides

Optical fibres have been made by the vapour deposition of P2O5-GeO2-SiO2 glass onto the inside surface of Corning Code 7913 glass tubes. These graded-index core waveguides exhibit low attenuations, i.e. 4.0 dB/km at 0.82µm.
Using the Singularity Trace to Understand Linkage Motion Characteristics

This paper provides examples of a method used to analyze the motion characteristics of single-degree-of-freedom, closed-loop linkages under study a designated input angle and one or two design parameters. The method involves the construction of a singularity trace, which is a plot that reveals changes in the number of geometric inversions, singularities, and changes in the number of branches as a design parameter is varied. This paper applies the method to Watt II, Stephenson III and double butterfly linkages. For the latter two linkages, instances where the input angle is able to rotate more than one revolution between singularities have been identified. This characteristic demonstrates a net-zero, singularity free, activation sequence that places the mechanism into a different geometric inversion. Additional observations from the examples are given. Instances are shown where the singularity trace for the Watt II linkage includes multiple coincident projections of the singularity curve. Cases are shown where subtle changes to two design parameters of a Stephenson III linkage drastically alters the motion. Additionally, isolated critical points are found to exist for the double butterfly, where the linkage becomes a structure and looses the freedom to move.Copyright © 2013 by ASME and General Motors