cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serendipitous family stories: using findings from a study on family communication to share family history

Storytelling and sharing family histories are important parts of what it means to "be" a family. Based on results from a study on intergenerational communication over a distance, we created the Serendipitous Family Stories system. The service allows family members to create visual and audio stories about places of importance in their lives and for their relatives to discover them serendipitously as they go about their lives. We will describe the motivation for the application and explain its functionality. Results from a field study are forthcoming.
Sourcing archaeological obsidian by an abbreviated NAA procedure

An abbreviated NAA procedure has been developed to fingerprint obsidian artifacts in the Mesoamerican region. Despite the large number of available sources, an NAA procedure, which relies on producing short-lived isotopes, has been applied with a success rate greater than 90 percent. The abbreviated NAA procedure is rapid and cost competitive with the XRF technique more often applied in obsidian sourcing. Results from the analysis of over 1,200 obsidian artifacts from throughout Mesoamerica are presented.
Mechanical properties of phosphate glasses

The strengths of fibers drawn from three metaphosphate glasses [NaPO3, Zn(PO3)2 and a Schott laser glass, LG 770, with the approximate molar composition 20K2O‐10MgO‐10Al2O3‐60P2O5] and a pyrophosphate (P2O7) glass of nominal composition 40FeO3‐60P2O5 have been measured in 2-point bending at room temperature and at 77 K. While the three metaphosphate glasses have relatively smaller strengths at low temperature (3 GPa), the iron phosphate glass has a strength at this temperature (6 GPa), 1/2 that of silica (13 a 2 GPa). No correlation was found with either the square root of Young’s modulus (E) 1=2 or fracture toughness (KIC), but an understanding of the results was obtained by considering the overall integrity of the individual glass networks. ” 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
COBRA-IIIP: An improved version of COBRA for full-core light water reactor analysis

Abstract A new type of pressure-crossflow solution method is developed for solving the fluid conservation equations used by the COBRA-IIIC code. This method is extremely efficient from a numerical point of view, and offers sizeable reductions in running time, relative to conventional numerical schemes for predicting the fluid flow and enthalpy distributions in nuclear reactor fuel rod bundles and reactor cores. This numerical method has been integrated into the computational framework of the COBRA-IIIC code, and an improved version, called COBRA-IIIP, has been developed. This code is faster than COBRA-IIIC, and is designed specifically for solving larger and more complex problems, such as full-core PWR transients. Several problems are presented in which the results of COBRA-IIIP, and the method on which it is based, are compared to those of COBRA-IIIC. Excellent agreement between the two codes is observed.
The distribution of grain boundary planes in polycrystals

During the last ten years, techniques have been developed to measure the distribution of grain boundaries in polycrystals as a function of both lattice misorientation and grain boundary plane orientation. This paper presents a brief overview of the techniques used for these measurements and the principle findings of studies implementing these techniques. The most significant findings are that grain boundary plane distributions are anisotropic, that they are scale invariant during normal grain growth, that the most common grain boundary planes are those with low surface energies, that the grain boundary populations are inversely correlated with the grain boundary energy, and that the coincident site lattice number is a poor predictor of the grain boundary energy and population.
Magnetic circular dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions from Gd(0001)

Abstract We report on the influence of photoelectron diffraction effects on magnetic circular dichroism in angular distribution as measured using core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. As an example system we study the effect by measuring azimuthal angle scans of the 4d core-level on a thick Gd(0001) film grown on W(110). In particular, for photoelectron emission in off-normal directions we observe deviations from the pure atomic picture which can be interpreted in terms of a multiple scattering theory. We also evaluate different measuring methods to see their influence on the angular behavior. Using high resolution data we can even study the state-specific contributions to the magnetic dichroism signal. The knowledge of these effects should help in interpreting absolute dichroism values on the basis of sum rules.
Time averaged energy dissipation rate for shear driven flows in R n

Abstract We drive an upper bound of the time averaged energy dissipation rate for boundary driven flows directly from the Navier-Stokes equations in R n . The upper bound is independent of the kinematic viscosity in accordance with Kolomogorov's scaling result.
Effects of Capital Intensity on Firm Performance: The U.S. Restaurant Industry

ABSTRACT Among several industry characteristics, capital intensity plays an important explanatory role for the restaurant industry. A restaurant needs physical buildings, equipment, fixtures, and furniture all ready at the launch of a business; these require considerable capital expenditures. Considering capital intensity as a significant restaurant industry characteristic, educators and practitioners who focus on this industry are strongly encouraged to investigate the implications and effects of capital intensity in food service operations. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of capital intensity on a firm's value performance in the U.S. restaurant industry. The investigation period spans from 2000 to 2008. Findings suggest that capital intensity has a negative effect on U.S. restaurant firms' value performance.
Impact of Transportation and Other Jurisdictional-Level Infrastructure and Services on Housing Prices

The existing literature, while estimating the impact of infrastructure and services, has tended to treat the housing market as homogeneous. This paper adds to the extant literature by systematically estimating the impact of selected jurisdictional-level public infrastructure and services—transportation accessibility morning travel time to central business district; automobile accessibility to retail jobs, crime violent crime rate, school quality school expenditure per pupil, and overall quality of municipal-level infrastructure and services overall municipal expenditure per person—on various single-family housing submarkets. The single-family housing market is subdivided into four submarkets—existing high-quality housing; existing low-quality housing; new high-quality housing; and new low- quality housing. The data used in this paper include all the single-family housing sales recorded by the county tax assessor's office for 29 cities and towns of King County, Wash. from the years 1991 to 2000. The results show that the impact of the infrastructure and services depends upon the quality and age of the house. The findings suggest that the decrease in travel time to the central business district is likely to primarily benefit high-quality housing, while a decrease in violent crime rate is likely to equally benefit high- and low-quality housing. The increase in accessibility to retail jobs is valued by the residents of low-quality houses, while it may be considered a nuisance by the residents of high-quality houses. The findings on school quality suggest that the residents of high-quality houses are likely to value school quality more than the residents of low-quality houses. The per-person municipal expenditure is likely to benefit new housing two times as much as it would benefit existing housing.
Information dissemination in large-scale wireless networks with unreliable links

We study connectivity and information dissemination in large-scale wireless networks with unreliable links from a percolation-based perspective. We first examine static models, where each link of the network is functional with some probability, independently of all other links. We then examine dynamic models, where each link is active or inactive according to a Markov on-off process. We show that a phase transition exists in such dynamic networks, and the critical density for this model is the same as the one for static networks. Furthermore, due to the dynamic behavior of links, a delay is incurred for any information dissemination process even when propagation delay is ignored. We study the behavior of this delay and show that (ignoring propagation delay) the delay scales linearly with the Euclidean distance between the sender and the receiver when the network is in the subcritical phase, and the delay scales sub-linearly with the distance if the network is in the supercritical phase. We then show that when taking propagation delay into account, the delay of information dissemination always scales linearly with the Euclidean distance between the sender and the receiver.
REACTION OF FUSED SILICA WITH HYDROGEN GAS

Fused silica and flowing hydrogen gas react in the experimental temperature range of 1200° to 1400°C to form SiO and H2O vapors. Above a critical flow rate of hydrogen gas, the reaction rate is independent of gas flow rate and is not transport-controlled. The apparent activation energy for the overall process was 343±33 kj /mol (82±8 kcal/mol). The rate-limiting step is deduced to be desorption of the product from the glass surface.
8.7: Presentation session: BRAiN measurement and imaging technologies: “Transparent microarrays of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers as a multimodal tissue interface”

Instability of the brain/implant interface, driven predominantly by reactive tissue responses, remains a critical limitation in the long term efficacy of bioelectric prostheses. Several research groups are investigating the incorporation of nanostructured materials as functional elements of neural prostheses as a means of providing either more effective stimulus and monitoring of electrophysiological signals, or as a structural element to locally influence tissue response via scaffolding mechanisms. Our group and its collaborators have applied vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) as highly spatially resolved electrodes for electrophysiological interfacing to tissue. An interesting aspect of this material is that the high aspect ratio of individual nanofiber elements enables their penetration into cells for intracellular molecular manipulation, including the delivery and expression of exogenous genes. It is anticipated that genetic level manipulation of highly localized regions of tissue may be used to moderate the ubiquitous mechanisms of tissue response at the implant interface. This presentation will provide an overview of tissue interfacing using VACNF systems as a multimodal platform, enabling both electrophysiological coupling as well as genetic reprogramming of localized regions of tissue.
Dissection of Functional Domains of the Human DNA Replication Protein Complex Replication Protein A

Replication protein A (RPA) is a mammalian single-stranded DNA binding factor essential for DNA replication, repair, and recombination. It is composed of three subunits of 70, 34, and 13 kDa (Rpa1, Rpa2, and Rpa3, respectively). Deletion mapping of the Rpa2 subunit identified the domain required for interaction with Rpa1 and Rpa3 which does not include the N-terminal domain that is phosphorylated during S phase. Deletion mapping of Rpa1 defined three domains. The C-terminal third of the Rpa1 polypeptide binds Rpa2 which itself forms a bridge between Rpa1 and Rpa3. The N-terminal third of Rpa1 bound single-stranded DNA under low stringency conditions only (0.1 M NaCl), while a central domain binds to single-stranded DNA under both low and high stringency conditions (0.5 M NaCl). Binding to p53 requires the N-terminal third of Rpa1 with some contribution from the C-terminal third. The evolutionarily conserved putative zinc finger near the C terminus of Rpa1 was not required for binding to single-stranded DNA, Rpa2, or p53. However, all three subdomains of Rpa1 and the zinc finger were essential for supporting DNA replication in vitro. These experiments are a first step toward defining peptide components responsible for the many functions of the RPA protein complex.
Photoemission forward scattering from ErAs(100)/GaAs(100)

Abstract Epitaxial thin films of the rare earth pnictide ErAs(100), grown on GaAs(100), have been characterized by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron studies. Forward scattering effects are observed due to the excellent stoichiometry of the ErAs film from the surface to the bulk. The increasing in the Ga core level intensity, leading to a drop in the Er/Ga core level intensity ratio along the 〈103〉 and 〈101〉 directions, indicates that there is in-plane registry of the ErAs overlayer film with the GaAs substrate at the thin film interface.
The effects of study order and backward associative strength on illusory recollection: A source-strength effect does not always occur

We investigated illusory recollection by dividing lists of associated words into three subsets (high, medium and low) based on their backward associative strength (BAS) to an unstudied theme. Participants studied these subsets at different visual locations on a computer screen and afterwards were given a source memory test. In Experiment 1, we varied the order in which high- and medium-BAS subsets were studied. In Experiment 2, we again manipulated study order as well as the associative strength of the medium-BAS subsets (strong or weak). Across both experiments, illusory recollection was constrained by both study order and BAS. Source attributions to the high-BAS location were more likely (a source-strength effect) when high-BAS items were studied first or studied following items of relatively low associative strength. However, attributions to the strong medium-BAS studied location were more likely when these items were studied before high-BAS items. These findings are interpreted as resulting from misbi...
Electron diffraction studies of Al2CuLi [T1] plates in an Al-2.4Li-2.4CuO.18Zr alloy

The experiments described within this paper demonstrate that diffraction from the T/sub 1/ phase alone is sufficient to describe the extra intensities observed within SAD patterns and that these effects are caused by streaking about diffraction spots in the (0001) direction. The streaking may be partially attributed to the thinness of the T/sub 1/ plates. Additionally, evidence is presented to account for the persistence of streaking observed in SAD pattern of thick T/sub 1/ plates.
Genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)-NPs, <100 nm) are increasingly being used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to the unique properties derived from their small sizes. However, their large surface-area to mass ratio and high redox potential may negatively impact human health and the environment. TiO(2)-NPs can cause inflammation, pulmonary damage, fibrosis, and lung tumors and they are possibly carcinogenic to humans. Because cancer is a disease involving mutation, there are a large number of studies on the genotoxicity of TiO(2)-NPs. In this article, we review the results that have been reported in the literature, with a focus on data generated from the standard genotoxicity assays. The data include genotoxicity results from the Ames test, in vitro and in vivo Comet assay, in vitro and in vivo micronucleus assay, sister chromatid exchange assay, mammalian cell hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene assay, the wing somatic mutation and recombination assay, and the mouse phosphatidylinositol glycan, class A gene assay. Inconsistent results have been found in these assays, with both positive and negative responses being reported. The in vitro systems for assessing the genotoxicity of TiO(2)-NPs have generated a greater number of positive results than the in vivo systems, and tests for DNA and chromosome damage have produced more positive results than the assays measuring gene mutation. Nearly all tests for measuring the mutagenicity of TiO(2)-NPs were negative. The current data indicate that the genotoxicity of TiO(2)-NPs is mediated mainly through the generation of oxidative stress in cells.
Sedimentology and Oceanography of Coastal Lagoons in Baja California, Mexico

The arid Ojo de Liebre area, Baja California, Mexico, has three coastal lagoons. The hypersaline Laguna Ojo de Liebre has brine pans separated from the inner lagoon by a low barrier breached by small channels and extensive salt flats. The lagoon barrier, approximately 2 miles wide, has numerous high barchan dunes. The lagoon has relatively deep, steep-walled channels and wide intertidal flats; the main channels are directly behind the lagoon barrier. Spartina and Salicornia marsh grow on the inner edges of the intertidal flats and on land bridges between lagoons. Maximum tidal currents are at least 2.5 knots in the inlets and lower channels and are very turbulent. Tidal delay between the inlet and the inner lagoon is approximately 3 hours. Tidal ranges are 4–9 feet. Most sediment is fine to very fine well-sorted and slightly skewed sand. The immediate source of the sand is the lagoon barrier, open-ocean beach, and near-shore zone. Less well-sorted sand and pebbles in some channels are attributed to former river deposition. Silt and clay in the inner lagoon and marshes are in part derived from older sediment. The average sand is approximately 95 per cent quartz, 4 per cent dark minerals, and 1 per cent or less Foraminifera and shell. Most samples contain apatite pellets presumed to be authigenic in the near-shore open ocean. The following foraminiferal assemblages have been differentiated: near-shore open-ocean, dune, lower-lagoon, inner-lagoon, and marsh. Three molluscan assemblages are recognized. Organic production in the lagoon is very high; average fixation is 47.2 mgC/m3/day. There are large living populations of Foraminifera and Mollusca. Processes of sedimentation include wind delivery of sand from the barrier and distribution by turbulent tidal currents. Most deposition occurs on intertidal flats and in the inner lagoon, due to loss of water turbulence. The channels next to the barrier tend to maintain themselves. Tidal delay is related to the mean depth of the lagoon, roughness of the bottom, and width of the channel. The Ojo de Liebre barrier is believed to have begun as a fringing beach on a gently sloping coastal plain when sea level was about 40 feet lower than at present. The inlets developed as a result of hydraulic head due to tidal delay. A river supplied abundant sand, and the barrier grew upward as sea level rose. The barrier has prograded seaward about 1 mile in the last 1800 ± 200 years. Land bridges developed and separated the lagoon into three lagoons owing to meeting of tidal currents which were introduced simultaneously through adjacent inlets and which result in reduced current and rapid sediment deposition. This process is observed in Laguna Santo Domingo. Evidence is given for an earlier lagoon cycle, older than 30,000 years B. P.
R&D, trade in intermediate inputs, and the comparative advantage of advanced countries

Abstract This paper examines the accumulation of physical capital versus knowledge (R&D) capital as a determinant of advanced countries’ comparative advantage. I show that advanced countries are abundant in R&D resources, specialize in knowledge-intensive stages of high-technology industries, and outsource labor-intensive stages of the industries to labor-abundant countries. In contrast, global data on production and trade cannot support the conventional view that advanced countries specialize in and export capital-intensive goods. My results indicate that the accumulation of knowledge capital plays a vital role in explaining advanced countries’ comparative advantage.
Reversible Inactivation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Prevents Reinstatement But Not Renewal of Extinguished Fear

Abstract The extinction of conditioned fear is labile. For example, fear to an extinguished conditioned stimulus (CS) returns after presentation of an aversive stimulus (“reinstatement”) or a change in context (“renewal”). Substantial research implicates the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in the stress-induced relapse of extinguished behaviors, such as in instrumental drug seeking, but its role in the relapse of extinguished fear responses is not clear. Here, we explored the role of the BNST in both the reinstatement and renewal of fear, two forms of relapse that are differentially triggered by stress. In Experiment 1, rats received pairings of an auditory CS and footshock unconditioned stimulus (US) followed by an extinction procedure. After extinction, rats received an unsignaled US to reinstate fear to the extinguished CS. Twenty-four hours later, they were infused with either muscimol or vehicle into the BNST immediately prior to a CS retrieval test. In Experiment 2, rats were conditioned and extinguished in two distinct contexts. Twenty-four hours after extinction, the rats were infused with muscimol, NBQX, or vehicle immediately prior to a CS retrieval test in either the extinction context or a different (but familiar) context. In both experiments, freezing behavior served as the index of conditioned fear. The results revealed that BNST inactivation prevented reinstatement (Experiment 1), but not renewal (Experiment 2), of conditioned freezing to the extinguished CS. Hence, the BNST is critical for the reinstatement of extinguished fear in an aversive context, but not for the contextual retrieval processes that mediate fear renewal.
Optimal design of automotive hybrid powertrain systems

Alternative powertrains for automotive applications aim at improving emissions and fuel economy. Lack of experience with these relatively new technologies makes them ideal applications for computer-based modeling and simulation studies. There is a variety of configurations, control strategies, and design variable choices that can be made. If mathematical models exist, rigorous optimization techniques can be used to explore the design space. This paper provides an overview of a design environment for alternative powertrains that has these characteristics: modularity, allowing a system to be built by combining components; flexibility allowing different levels of fidelity and different existing codes to be used; and, rigor, since it is based an mathematical methods of decision making. A simple application to a hybrid diesel-electric powertrain is included.
Generalized analytic functions in magnetohydrodynamics

An approach of generalized analytic functions to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) problem of an electrically conducting viscous incompressible flow past a solid non-magnetic body of revolution is pres...
LANDRY-GUILLAIN-BARRÉ-STROHL SYNDROME AND IMMUNE-COMPLEX NEPHRITIS

Abstract A patient developed Landry-Guillain-Barre-Strohl polyneuritis and the nephrotic syndrome simultaneously after a presumed viral infection. Immunofluorescence studies of his kidneys showed immunoglobulin IgM and IgG in a fine granular pattern, and on electron microscopy electrondense deposits were found in subepithelial areas. Cell-mediated hypersensitivity was demonstrated to both kidney and nerve antigens, and humoral antibody to the same antigens was found in low titre.
A randomized parallel-group dietary study for stages II–IV ovarian cancer survivors

Abstract Objective Few studies have examined the dietary habits of ovarian cancer survivors. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the feasibility and impact of two dietary interventions for ovarian cancer survivors. Methods In this randomized, parallel-group study, 51 women (mean age, 53years) diagnosed with stages II–IV ovarian cancer were recruited and randomly assigned to a low fat, high fiber (LFHF) diet or a modified National Cancer Institute diet supplemented with a soy-based beverage and encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrates (FVJCs). Changes in clinical measures, serum carotenoid and tocopherol levels, dietary intake, anthropometry, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were assessed with paired t-tests. Results The recruitment rate was 25%, and the retention rate was 75% at 6months. At baseline, 28% and 45% of women met guidelines for intake of fiber and of fruits and vegetables, respectively. After 6months, total serum carotenoid levels and α- and β-carotene concentrations were significantly increased in both groups ( P P P Conclusion Overall, this study supports the feasibility of designing dietary interventions for stages II–IV ovarian cancer survivors and provides preliminary evidence that a low fat high fiber diet and a diet supplemented with encapsulated FVJC may increase phytonutrients in ovarian cancer survivors.
A general agnostic active learning algorithm

We present an agnostic active learning algorithm for any hypothesis class of bounded VC dimension under arbitrary data distributions. Most previous work on active learning either makes strong distributional assumptions, or else is computationally prohibitive. Our algorithm extends the simple scheme of Cohn, Atlas, and Ladner [1] to the agnostic setting, using reductions to supervised learning that harness generalization bounds in a simple but subtle manner. We provide a fall-back guarantee that bounds the algorithm's label complexity by the agnostic PAC sample complexity. Our analysis yields asymptotic label complexity improvements for certain hypothesis classes and distributions. We also demonstrate improvements experimentally.
Comparisons of Body Self-Concept Between Social Nudists and Nonnudists

Abstract Body self-concepts of a stratified sample of 300 social nudists and 562 nonnudists were compared by using ratings on a 5-point Likert-type scale of 49 individual and one total body aspects. Of the other effects examined that might interact with nudity classification to influence body self-concept—sex, age, and satisfaction with interpersonal relationships—only sex was significant. The body self-concept ratings of nudists and males were higher than those of nonnudists and females, but nudity as a variable was more important than sex in determining body self-concept. Ratings on the total body self-concept question yielded the same body self-concept scores as the mean of ratings on the 49 individual body aspects. Reasons given for body self-concept ratings and open-ended responses to what body part was liked best and why and liked least and why also varied according to nudity and sex classification. Factor structures accounting for a majority of the variance in body self-concept ratings were identif...
Acclimation Improves Short-Term Survival of Hatchery Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in Water From Saline, Alkaline Walker Lake, Nevada

We investigated the effectiveness of two acclimation protocols for 8-month-old Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi, reared at Lahontan National Fish Hatchery in terms of survival during a week-long challenge in water from saline, alkaline Walker Lake, Nevada. Fish were acclimated for 0 (control), 3, and 8 d by increasing the ratio of lake water to hatchery water. For the 3-d acclimation treatment, 50% of the tank water was replaced with lake water each day. For the 8-d treatment, 33% of the water was replaced with lake water on the first through fourth day of acclimation. Survival during acclimation (i.e., prior to the challenge) was lowest for fish acclimated 3 d. Median survival time during the lake water challenge was 8 h for unacclimated fish, and 8 and 12 h for fish surviving the 3- and 8-d acclimation treatments, respectively. No fish survived the entire week-long challenge. Compared with no acclimation, 3- and 8-d acclimation decreased the hazard of mortality during the challenge. Increased fork length also reduced the hazard of death. Our results indicate acceptable survival rates cannot be achieved for subyearling, hatchery-reared Lahontan cutthroat trout stocked in Walker Lake without acclimation or with the acclimation methods employed in this study. Our results indicate that the acclimation method might be improved by the use of longer fish, longer acclimation, and better control of water temperature, ammonia concentration, and alkalinity.
Power analysis of embedded operating systems

The increasing complexity and software content of embedded systems has led to the frequent use of system software that helps applications access underlying hardware resources easily and efficiently. In this paper, we analyze the power consumption of real-time operating systems (RTOSs), which form an important component of the system software layer. Despite the widespread use of, and significant role played by, RTOSs in mobile and low-power embedded systems, little is known about their power consumption characteristics. This work presents the power profiles for a commercial RTOS, μC/OS, running several applications on an embedded system based on the Fujitsu SPARClite processor. Our work demonstrates that the RTOS can consume a significant fraction of the system power and, in addition, impact the power consumed by other software components. We illustrate the ways in which application software can be designed to use the RTOS in a power-efficient manner. We believe that this work is a first step towards establishing a systematic approach to RTOS power modeling and optimization.
MATERNAL AND ANTENATAL FACTORS IN THE RISK OF SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

The prenatal course, labor and delivery of 90 mothers of infants who died of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in Connecticut from 1974 through 1976 were studied by hospital chart reviews. Charts of 90 pair-matched controls whose infants survived the first year of life were also examined. Significant associations were found between SIDS and: 1) maternal age under 20 years, 2) later initial prenatal visit, 3) maternal blood type O, 4) reported conditions during the pregnancy. The racial distribution of the infants of the study population differed significantly from the distribution of births in Connecticut during these years, with a higher than expected proportion of blacks among the case infants. Male infants in the study population outnumbered females three to two, and cases weighed an average of 430 grams less than controls at birth.
Southern Continental Borderland, Baja California: Its Tectonic and Environmental Development

A study was made of the Continental Margin off Baja California, between 29° 30′ N. and 32° N., combining seismic profiling, dredging, and lithologic and biostratigraphic analyses. Bathymetry and seismic profiling show a ridge-basin structure and a distinct structural and topographic escarpment between the deep-sea floor and the Continental Margin throughout. Much of the southern borderland is shallower than 2,000 m and no true oceanic depths occur. Dredgings on ridges of the southern borderland brought up acidic and basic igneous rocks, metamorphosed sediments, phosphorite, and strata like those of the Cenozoic marine sections of southern California and the northern part of the Continental Borderland. Biofacies of the sedimentary rocks include upper Paleocene, middle Miocene, upper Miocene, and Pleistocene assemblages, all comparable to those of the biofacies of similar ages in southern California. The Miocene biofacies are in distinct contrast to oceanic benthic biofacies of the middle and upper Miocene in the experimental Mohole, just to the west. Upper Miocene biofacies atop Soledad Ridge, and on many other ridges of the Continental Borderland, are deep water in character as are those of the Miocene Monterey Formation of California. They show major uplift of the ridges since their deposition. Planktonic biofacies of late Miocene strata on Soledad Ridge indicate that this deep-water sediment correlates with Neogene Zones 17 and 18. The age of Neogene Zone 18, correlated with the Gilbert and lowermost Gauss Magnetic Epochs, indicates that uplift of the ridge commenced later than about 4 m.y. ago. It is suggested that formation of the Continental Borderland structural patter n correlates in time with the opening of the Gulf of California, which developed in the last 4 m.y. Uplift, averaging from 6 cm to 9 cm per year for the past 11,000 yrs, characterizesbasins just to the north of the southern borderland. This has contributed in large part to the southern borderland having depths some 450 m greater than those of the Continental Borderland off southern California. Bathymetry, structure, varied continental lithology, sedimentary relations, and paleoecology of marine strata exposed on ridges of the southern borderland are consistent with similar characteristics of the northern part of the Continental Borderland. They indicate that the southern borderland is not a rhombochasm but that the entire Continental Borderland is one major structural ridge-basin unit.
Selective Utilization of Exogenous Amino Acids by Dehalococcoides ethenogenes Strain 195 and Its Effects on Growth and Dechlorination Activity

Bacteria of the genus Dehalococcoides are important members of bioremediation communities because of their ability to detoxify chloroethenes to the benign end product ethene. Genome-enabled studies conducted with Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195 have revealed that two ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-type amino acid transporters are expressed during its exponential growth stages. In light of previous findings that Casamino Acids enhanced its dechlorination activity, we hypothesized that strain 195 is capable of importing amino acids from its environment to facilitate dechlorination and growth. To test this hypothesis, we applied isotopomerbased dilution analysis with 13 C-labeled acetate to differentiate the amino acids that were taken up by strain 195 from those synthesized de novo and to determine the physiological changes caused by the significantly incorporated amino acids. Our results showed that glutamate/glutamine and aspartate/asparagine were almost exclusively synthesized by strain 195, even when provided in excess in the medium. In contrast, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and methionine were identified as the four most highly incorporated amino acids, at levels >30% of respective proteinogenic amino acids. When either phenylalanine or all four highly incorporated amino acids were added to the defined mineral medium, the growth rates, dechlorination activities, and yields of strain 195 were enhanced to levels similar to those observed with supplementation with 20 amino acids. However, genes for the putative ABC-type amino acids transporters and phenylalanine biosynthesis exhibited insignificant regulation in response to the imported amino acids. This study also demonstrates that using isotopomer-based metabolite analysis can be an efficient strategy for optimizing nutritional conditions for slow-growing microorganisms.
Image Denoising Through Support Vector Regression

In this paper, an example-based image denoising algorithm is introduced. Image denoising is formulated as a regression problem, which is then solved using support vector regression (SVR). Using noisy images as training sets, SVR models are developed. The models can then be used to denoise different images corrupted by random noise at different levels. Initial experiments show that SVR can achieve a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) than the multiple wavelet domain Besov ball projection method on document images.
Analysis of the Hessian for inverse scattering problems: II. Inverse medium scattering of acoustic waves

We derive expressions for the shape Hessian operator of the data misfit functional corresponding to the inverse problem of inferring the shape of a scatterer from reflected acoustic waves, using a Banach space setting and the Lagrangian approach. The shape Hessian is then analyzed in both Holder and Sobolev spaces. Using an integral equation approach and compact embeddings in Holder and Sobolev spaces, we show that the shape Hessian can be decomposed into four components, of which the Gauss–Newton part is a compact operator, while the others are not. Based on the Hessian analysis, we are able to express the eigenvalues of the Gauss–Newton Hessian as a function of the smoothness of the shape space, which shows that the smoother the shape is, the faster the decay rate. Analytical and numerical examples are presented to validate our theoretical results. The implication of the compactness of the Gauss–Newton Hessian is that for small data noise and model error, the discrete Hessian can be approximated by a low-rank matrix. This in turn enables fast solution of an appropriately regularized inverse problem, as well as Gaussian-based quantification of uncertainty in the estimated shape.
The impact of prenatal employment on breastfeeding intentions and breastfeeding status at 1 week postpartum.

Background:Postpartum employment is associated with non-initiation and early cessation of breastfeeding, but less is known about the relationship between prenatal employment and breastfeeding inten...
Research joint ventures in the US

Abstract This paper contributes to the ongoing policy debate concerning inter-firm cooperation in R&D. In addition to an overview of the prevalent characteristics of the research joint ventures registered with the US Department of Justice between 1985 and 1995, the paper initiates an inquiry into the characteristics of participating business firms and the type of research activities pursued collectively. The analysis draws on information from a rich new database covering all such joint ventures and their participants.
On potential fault detection in sequential circuits

During fault simulation, an approximation frequently used in practice is to declare a fault to be detected after it has been potentially detected a predetermined number of times. This approximation may lead to declaring a fault detected when in fact the fault will not be detected during a standard test application process. We propose an alternative measure of fault detection for potentially detected faults, that is easy to compute, yet its accuracy is significantly higher than the measure based on the number of times a fault is potentially detected. Experimental results are shown to support the accuracy of the new measure.
Unsteady Compressible Laminar Boundary-Layer Flow over a Flat Plate

An analysis is made of compressible laminar boundary layer over an insulated or isothermal flat plate moving with an arbitrary time-variant velocity in a viscous fluid. Consideration is given to the "small-time" solution, which may be applied to the plate in the early stages of flow unsteadiness. Theoretical results are given for the velocity, temperature, skin friction, heat-transfer rate from the isothermal plate, and wall temperature of the insulated plate. Nomenclature A, a, an) B = const C = const defined by Eq. (5) Cf = skin friction Cp = specific heat at constant pressure F, Fij ... = functions related to temperature profile for an adiabatic plate; as defined by Eq. (5a) for U(t) = Atm and Beat', as defined by Eq. (14a) for an arbitrary U(t) = functions related to velocity profile; as defined by Eq. (4) for U(t) = Atm and Be"*; as defined by Eq. (13) for an arbitrary U(t) = functions related to temperature profile for an isothermal plate; as defined by Eq. (5b) for U(t) = Atm and Beat', as defined by Eq. (14b) for an arbitrary U(t) H, H^ ... = functions related to temperature profile for an isothermal plate; as defined by Eq. (5b) for U(t) = AtQ and Be"*; as defined by Eq. (14b) for an arbitrary U(t) k = thermal conductivity
Biological Mechanisms Underlying the Role of Physical Fitness in Health and Resilience

Physical fitness, achieved through regular exercise and/or spontaneous physical activity, confers resilience by inducing positive psychological and physiological benefits, blunting stress reactivity, protecting against potentially adverse behavioural and metabolic consequences of stressful events and preventing many chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical fitness on mental and physical health. Physical fitness appears to buffer against stress-related disease owing to its blunting/optimizing effects on hormonal stress responsive systems, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. This blunting appears to contribute to reduced emotional, physiological and metabolic reactivity as well as increased positive mood and well-being. Another mechanism whereby regular exercise and/or physical fitness may confer resilience is through minimizing excessive inflammation. Chronic psychological stress, physical inactivity and abdominal adiposity have been associated with persistent, systemic, low-grade inflammation and exert adverse effects on mental and physical health. The anti-inflammatory effects of regular exercise/activity can promote behavioural and metabolic resilience, and protect against various chronic diseases associated with systemic inflammation. Moreover, exercise may benefit the brain by enhancing growth factor expression and neural plasticity, thereby contributing to improved mood and cognition. In summary, the mechanisms whereby physical fitness promotes increased resilience and well-being and positive psychological and physical health are diverse and complex.
A study of the effects of ammonium salts on chemical bath deposited zinc sulfide thin films

We have obtained further insights into the CBD growth mechanisms of ZnS thin films using an aqueous medium containing an ammonium salt. At room temperature the optimum concentration of this salt has enabled us to increase the thickness of the film by more than 400%. The optical transmission below the band edge of our best film is also found to be excellent.
Possible correlation-driven odd-parity superconductivity in LaNi 7 / 8 Co 1 / 8 O 3 (111) bilayers

Using the functional renormalization group technique we demonstrate a route for potentially high-temperature odd-parity superconductivity in ferromagnetic materials caused by repulsive electron interactions, where the superconducting pairing is driven by charge-density wave fluctuations. Our model is directly applicable to a lightly cobalt-doped ${\mathrm{LaNiO}}_{3}$ bilayer grown in the $(111)$ direction. As the on-site repulsive interaction grows, a charge-density wave state with a charge pattern that respects all point-group symmetries of the bilayer is replaced by a superconducting state with an $f$-wave pairing.
Intelligent scheduling optimization using a rule-based artificial neural network

Requirements for greater precision and reduced rejection/acceptance errors demand improved inspection methods that can be provided by implementing increased automation into the quality control (QC) process. Automated inspection planners can require significant human interface work deciphering the generated output, often requiring more work than the service they provide. The output of an automated inspection planner needs to produce a process plan that would resemble one created by an expert inspector. This paper discusses the implementation of an artificial neural network (ANN) to optimize the sequence of inspection points based upon inspection rule criteria. Using features from a feature-based CAD, the automated inspection planner uses the inspection rules to create "rule matrices" that the ANN will use to sequence the inspection points to be probed by a coordinate measurement machine (CMM). This is an extension of the familiar traveling salesman problem (TSP) solved by a Hopfield neural network. >
Integrating products of displacedSHO wave functions

Integrals of products ofn-dimensional, displaced, simple harmonic-oscillator (SHO) wave functions are evaluated. Each of thep different wave functions may be displaced in both representation and momentum space. Each SHO wave function may be an eigensolution of a different integral or differential equation. These integrals occur in quantum mechanics, coherent optics and nonlinear optics. In addition, the notation and formalism introduced in this work may prove useful in other areas of mathematical physics. We provide a more powerful and versatile alternative to the Einstein summation convention. The coherent-state representation of Glauber is adapted to the discussion of the above integrals.
On the Hausdorff Dimension of Graphs and Random Recursive Objects

The purpose of this note is to present some recent results and techniques concerning the Hausdorff dimension of various objects. We will report on an estimate for the lower bound of the dimension of a wide class of graphs which includes the Weierstrass-Hardy-Mandelbrot functions, and also on the exact dimension of some objects constructed via random recursions.
Myofilament lattice spacing as a function of sarcomere length in isolated rat myocardium

The Frank-Starling relationship of the heart has, as its molecular basis, an increase in the activation of myofibrils by calcium as the sarcomere length increases. It has been suggested that this phenomenon may be due to myofilaments moving closer together at longer lengths, thereby enhancing the probability of favorable acto-myosin interaction, resulting in increased calcium sensitivity. Accordingly, we have developed an apparatus so as to obtain accurate measurements of myocardial interfilament spacing (by synchrotron X-ray diffraction) as a function of sarcomere length (by video microscopy) over the working range of the heart, using skinned as well as intact rat trabeculas as model systems. In both these systems, lattice spacing decreased significantly as sarcomere length was increased. Furthermore, lattice spacing in the intact muscle was significantly smaller than that in the skinned muscle at all sarcomere lengths studied. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that lattice spacing underlies length-dependent activation in the myocardium.
Using a cognitive/behavioral approach to address family stress among hispanic/latino dementia caregivers : A case study

Abstract The Hispanic/Latino people have a unique set of cultural values and experiences that differ from those of the Caucasian population. These social norms and mores clearly affect how Latino families provide caregiving to older adult relatives with Alzheimer's Disease or a related form of dementia. It is important to understand these social norms, attitudes, and beliefs in order to be able to create programs and interventions that will be effective in this population. This is a case study of the effective use of a cognitive/behavioral intervention designed with the specific needs of Hispanic/Latino caregivers in mind.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Breaking Waves Using Embedded-Boundary/Level-Set Method

In this paper, we present a sharp interface method for the large-eddy simulation of breaking waves generated by immersed bodies. Our method is based on the level set formulation for two-phase incompressible flows, in which the interface between two immiscible fluids, e.g., air and water, is represented by the zero level set. The density jump and pressure jump due to surface tension are treated in a sharp interface manner using a boundary condition capturing method (ghost fluid method). The immersed bodies are treated using a sharp interface direct forcing immersed boundary method. A Lagrangian dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model is adopted for the large-eddy simulations of turbulent two-phase flows. The numerical method is validated using several examples, such as 2D solitary wave propagation, 2D dam-break problem, and 3D rising bubble. And the large-eddy simulations of breaking waves generated by a submerged hydrofoil and a surface-mounted bump are described in detail.