cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shock-Loss Model for Transonic and Supersonic Axial Compressors with Curved Blades

Reliable ef ciency calculation of high-subsonic and transonic compressor stages requires a detailed and accurate prediction of the  ow eld within these stages. Despite the tremendous progress in turbomachinery computational  uid mechanics, the compressor designer still uses different loss correlations to estimate the total pressure losses and thus the ef ciency of the compressor stage. A new shock-loss model is presented for transonic and supersonic axial compressors with circular arc blade pro les. The model calculates the shock position, Mach number, expansion angle, and the shock total pressure losses. The model is integrated into a loss calculation procedure, where the shock, pro le, secondary, and total losses are calculated. To validate the model and to establish new loss correlations, available experimental data for several transonic compressor rotors were used. Detailed loss calculation results show that the blade tip region with high Mach numbers cause shock losses that are approximately one-third of the total pressure losses. In addition, correlations are presented for total pressure-loss coef cient, pro le-loss coef cient, and secondary  ow-loss coef cients. These correlations allow the compressor designer to accurately estimate the blade losses and, therefore, the stage ef ciency.
Molecular dynamics studies of the interaction of a/6 ⟨112⟩ Shockley dislocations with stacking fault tetrahedra in copper. Part I: Intersection of SFT by an isolated Shockley

The interactions of Shockley dislocations with stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) formed during twinning deformation in fcc crystals have been studied by molecular dynamics using a copper potential. The fundamental mechanisms by which a moving Shockley dislocation interacts with a SFT involve shearing the apex, formation of a residual loop around the SFT and reactions with dislocations at the tetrahedron base. The latter reactions are critical to defect stability; they lead to the formation of Shockley dislocations mobile in two faces of the parent tetrahedron making it penetrable to dislocations moving on adjacent planes during thickening of the twin. Relaxation of SFTs distorted by a homogeneous twinning shear was also studied. These results reveal that parent SFTs convert to structures containing rotated product SFTs, rows of vacancies and stacking faults on planes bounded by partial dislocations. Dislocation mechanisms involved in Shockley–SFT interactions and formation of new defects derived from twin-...
Consolidation And Changing Consumer Preferences Impact The Structure And Future Of The Publishing Industry

The publishing industry has experienced several changes that have had a major impact on its business. There has been considerable consolidation of the publishing houses, significant technological changes, and a shift in consumer opinions regarding textbooks. This has put a strain on the publishers’ supply chain, as well as their ability to compete in the marketplace. The cannibalization of sales within a publisher’s product mix has led to even more strain in extending product life cycles. The combination of students questioning the value of textbooks combined with decreasing profit margins has left many publishers struggling to survive.
Law as Performance: Women’s Property Rights in Kosovo

Since 2008, Kosovo has been eager to modernize its laws to establish an independent juridical identity and to prepare for future membership in the European Union. The potential for future EU membership has been a political incentive to adopt egalitarian property laws. Property rights issues in Kosovo are politically salient and highly charged: the restoration of property to the Serbian minority population; the allocation of formerly socially owned properties; legalizing the many illegally constructed building in Pristina; and the privatization of large government properties with contested ownership between Serbia and Kosovo. These are legally complex issues in which the solutions are not always obvious. Women’s property rights in Kosovo are a minor concern in comparison. They are not as legally complex, nor is it unclear how to go about enforcing them. Women’s property rights are the low hanging fruit of property issues in Kosovo. Yet, there is little compliance with the law regarding women’s property rights and thus significant barriers to women’s engagement in the economy. In Kosovo laws exist protecting women’s property rights. Yet, despite legal protection women own less than 8% of all property and only 6.5% of businesses. Merely having equitable law is insufficient for women to substantively engage in the economy. This paper examines Kosovo’s creation and enforcement of women’s property rights in the shadow of an anticipated EU accession process. When we turn our focus from the creation of law to its enforcement our attention shifts from international and national political arenas to the locality and to the exercise of authority within communities and through the judiciary. If Kosovo is unable to enforce women’s property rights, this bodes ill for its ability to address other significant and unresolved property issues.
The Lorentz Transformation Link

The Lorentz transformation of spacetime coordinates was developed by Lorentz [Lor95] [Lorl4] [Lor16] [Lor21] [LAH23] [Poi05] from a paper of Voigt, as confirmed by Lorentz himself [Lor21], and was efficiently applied at the early development of special relativity theory by Poincare [Poi05].
Blockiness and Sequence Polydispersity Effects on the Phase Behavior and Interfacial Properties of Gradient Copolymers

We consider the influence of sequence polydispersity upon the phase behavior and interfacial characteristics of gradient copolymers. By adapting the algorithmic procedure proposed for random copoly...
Assimilation of Crustal Material by Basaltic Magma: Strontium Isotopic and Trace Element Data from the Edgecumbe Volcanic Field, SE Alaska

The Edgecumbe volcanics, which range from basalt through rhyodacite, have Sr contents between 125 and 370 p.p.m., Rb contents of 1 to 70 p.p.m., Ba ranging from 50-550 p.p.m. and initial l7Sr/**Sr ratios between 0-70291 and 0-70404. No simple correlation exists between these components and silica. The highest "Sr/^Sr values occur in a group of intermediate lavas (55-60 wt. per cent SiO2) while the rhyodacites have initial ratios between 0-7035 and 0-7038. With increasing silica, Sr increases to a maximum in the andesites and then steadily decreases; Ba and Rb increase over the same compositional range. The highest l7Sr/86Sr lavas have major and trace element concentrations which depart from trends defined by most of the lavas. The variation in strontium isotopic compositions suggests interaction between parental basaltic magma and crustal material. Attempts to model the assimilation process using fixed end-member assimilation and assimilation-fractional crystallization models have failed to produce the observed chemical trends. Because the parental basaltic liquid underwent little fractionation, the variability in hybrid lavas is attributed to variation in contaminant composition. Initial melts were low in CaO, Al2Oj, MgO and Sr and enriched in SiO2. K2O, Na2O, Rb and Ba. As melting progressed, melts became enriched in the more refractory components. Because hybrid strontium isotopic composition is a function of Sr concentration as well as isotopic compositions, the Sr content of the assimilant strongly influences resultant isotopic systematics. The development of the assimilants suggests plagioclase was a residual phase during early melting. This model of crustal assimilation represents one end-member in the spectrum of processes responsible for the generation of continental volcanic suites.
Defining Why Cancer Develops in Children

It has been more than 40 years since Knudson ushered in the modern era of cancer genetics with his seminal “two hit” hypothesis to explain familial cancer syndromes and provide a mathematical model for the biallelic inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes — with the first hit being inherited and the second occurring somatically to initiate tumorigenesis.1 Notably, he studied rare childhood cancers to develop his initial model, which proved to be remarkably accurate for both pediatric-onset and adult-onset heritable cancers. Since the identification in 1986 of loss-of-function mutations in the gene RB1 that cause hereditary retinoblastoma,2 more than 100 cancer-predisposition genes . . .
Estimation of Stage Transition Time: Application to Entomological Studies

Consider the following experiment on an insect with observable stages (0, 1, …, A). A cohort of insects begins in stage 0 and is sampled periodically in time until the cohort is in stage A. We describe and apply nonparametric estimators to determine the mean and standard error of the mean of the time to a particular stage and stage duration time. We also present an estimator for the variance of the time to a particular stage. Recommendations on constructing sampling regimens and a computer program to calculate estimates are presented.
The enzymotic properties of diplococcus intracellularis

The brief vitality of many of the cultures of diplococcus intracellularis is a point of differential importance. Many strains, grown on a favorable medium, unless transplanted to a fresh medium, do not survive beyond two or three days. Cultures three days old show marked degenerations, and the latter increase rapidly with age until, at the end of five or six days, or even earlier, no normal cocci persist. As degeneration progresses, loss of staining power and disintegration ensue, until finally, staining capacity is lost and a formless detritus remains.The changes in the diplococcus are associated with the action of an enzyme which brings about the disintegration. This enzyme does not exhibit the usual properties of a proteolytic ferment: it does not liquify gelatin or coagulated serum. The degree and rapidity of its action varies with its concentration; at least a heavy suspension of the cocci in salt solution, kept at 37° C, undergoes dissolution more rapidly and completely than a weaker suspension. The...
Lagrangian method for deriving electrically dual power converters applicable to nonplanar circuit topologies

This paper proposes a novel method for deriving dual converters, namely deriving current-source converters from voltage-source counterparts, and vice versa. The conventional derivation method is based on the transformation of circuit topology, in which series connections are converted into parallel connections, and vice versa. However, this method cannot be directly applied to nonplanar circuits because they do not allow perfect topological transformation, although many of them are known to have duals. Lagrangian dynamics does not depend on the topological relation to transform a system into another equivalent system; therefore, it possibly avoids problems related to topological transformation and may provide a universal and systematic method that can be consistently applied to nonplanar circuits. This paper discusses the derivation of duals using Lagrangian dynamics. Along with the theory, this paper presents two examples of Lagrangian derivation of duals. One derives a dual of a planar circuit, to which the topological transformation is applicable. The other derives two duals of a nonplanar circuit. Consequently, these examples suggest that the proposed method is a prospective candidate for universal and systematic derivation of duals. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Abnormal Biochemical Analytes Used for Aneuploidy Screening and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Twin Gestations.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if first- and second-trimester biochemical markers for aneuploidy have an association with adverse pregnancy outcomes in twin gestations. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of patients who presented with dichorionic diamniotic twin gestations was performed. Patients with first-trimester low pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) or low free β human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), or second-trimester elevated α-fetoprotein (AFP), elevated inhibin A, elevated hCG, or low unconjugated estradiol were identified. The rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between patients with or without abnormal analytes with p < 0.05 used as significance. RESULTS In this study, 340 pregnancies were included. Patients with a low PAPP-A had an increased risk for delivery < 37 weeks. Patients with an elevated second-trimester hCG had an increased risk for spontaneous delivery < 28 weeks and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Patients with an elevated inhibin A had an increased risk of spontaneous delivery at < 37 and NICU admission. Patients with an elevated AFP had an increased risk of a NICU admission. CONCLUSION Certain abnormal aneuploidy markers are associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in twin gestations.
Numerical Simulation Of Cratering Effects In Adobe

Abstract : This paper outlines a new simplified approach to developing a material model for adobe. The approach is to fit the equation of state (EOS) using a Mie-Gr neisen (MGR) analytical model with a P-Alpha compaction law, and to fit the pressure-dependent yield surface with the Geological Yield Surface (GEO) modeled in CTH using well characterized adobe. By identifying key parameters that governed material response, this simplified modeling approach aimed to increase the understanding of the shock compaction and compression behavior of adobe.The new simplified model for adobe represented in this paper replicated the features of past experimental penetration data. At low velocities the penetration behavior of steel spheres into adobe is captured by Stokes law, where the drag coefficient is inversely proportional to the Reynolds number. Each inherently different adobe material investigated had a separate linear region with the slope equal to the inverse of the coefficient of drag multiplied by impact velocity. A transition region following the Stokes region was identified in each adobe material, where the penetration depth was constant with increasing impact velocity. This penetration depth limit was shown to be dependent upon the yield strength of the adobe and inversely proportional to the initial density.Finally, examining the sensitivity of the penetration depth to the key model parameters, the material model for adobe was adjusted to provide the best fit to the experimental penetration data. In addition, a simplified water content, or initial saturation of the adobe, was introduced as another relevant parameter to characterize the response. Using this simple material model for adobe, validated with experimental penetration data, the response of adobe targets to hypervelocity impact of a variety of projectile types can be reliably predicted.
Posterior stabilized knee arthroplasty.

SUMMARY The Insall-Burstein posterior stabilized knee replacement is a cruciatesacrificing design that allows increased motion and better anteroposterior stability. Surgical technique varies only slightly from that for the total condylar procedure but is more demanding with respect to rotational alignment. Disadvantages have not been appreciated to date but further follow-up is needed.
Classical Solution of Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients

This chapter presents the classical methods for solving linear difference equations with constant coefficients. It also presents procedures for solving homogeneous equations and particular equations. The first step in the solution procedure is to determine the homogeneous solution. An n th order linear difference equation should contain exactly n terms in its homogeneous solution. For complex pairs of roots, it is convenient to convert the pair to a cosine and a sine term thus eliminating the imaginary aspects of the roots. Roots of multiplicity p contribute exactly p terms that are mutually distinguishable because of their multiplication by successive powers of i from 0 to p — 1.
The Old and New Export Pessimism: A Critical Survey

The very success of the East Asian NICs (newly industrialising countries) has, ironically, evoked a new export pessimism. This paper sorts out the arguments underlying this pessimism and evaluates their credibility.1 The discussion moves from a summary of the old export pessimism and the results of import substitution (Section 1), to the case for export promotion (Section 2), and to an evaluation of the new export pessimism (Section 3).
INDUCTION OF MS DELAYED LUMINESCENCE IN THE THERMOPHILIC BLUE-GREEN ALGA, SYNECHOCOCCUSLIVIDUS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the induction of MS delayed luminescence in the thermophilic blue–green alga. In a study discussed in the chapter, ms delayed luminescence (DL) was measured at various temperatures in the thermophilic blue–green alga Synechococcus lividus grown at 55°C. Intensities of DL were measured with a Becquerel type phosphoroscope for 0.8 ms starting from 2.2 ms after the cessation of the actinic light. The cycle and the duration of the actinic light were 5.9 and 0.8 ms, respectively. 632.8 nm light (4.14 mW/cm 2 ) from a He–Ne laser was used as the actinic light. Time courses of chlorophyll fluorescence were simultaneously measured using a fiber optic system. The time course of DL in this alga was composed of five components. The temperature dependence of each component was very different. The phase transition temperatures of this alga were near 43 and 26°C, respectively.
Intraoperative Angiography for Post-mastectomy Breast Reconstruction

Intra-operative angiography is a useful tool for predicting tissue perfusion during post mastectomy breast reconstruction. It has been shown to accurately predict mastectomy flap and free flap survival and in so doing will minimize ischemic related complications and improve outcomes. It required injecting dye through the peripheral IV and through laser activation the degree of tissue perfusion is displayed on the monitor. Intraoperative decision can be made based on this information to reduce complications. In an attempt to determine cost effectiveness we evaluated outcomes in patients who had angiography and those who did not have this technology. The use of this technology with breast reconstruction significantly reduced the incidence and severity of mastectomy skin necrosis, and cut back on the need for unplanned reoperation. Using re-operation as a guide, the use of SPY angiography averaged over the cohort, saved $610 per patient.
Effect of Short Duration Acoustic Trauma on Activity of Single Neurons in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus

Recent data from several labs have suggested that acoustic trauma may result in enhanced evoked response amplitudes in the central auditory system ( Saunders et al ., 1972 ; Gerken et al ., 1984 ; Powers and Salvi, 1989 ; Salvi et al ., 1990 , 1991 ). One mechanism that could potentially account for the enhanced evoked potentials is a loss of sideband inhibition in the central auditory system. The present study was designed to determine a possible mechanism for the enhanced evoked potentials by examining the effects of acoustic trauma on firing rates of single neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) of the chinchilla. For each single neuron, rate-level functions were measured at the characteristic frequency (CF) and +1/2 octave re CF of the unit. The functions were repeated after exposure to an intense tone placed 0.25 to 1.5 octaves above CF. Following acoustic trauma to frequencies above CF, a significant percentage of VCN units showed increased maximal firing rate at CF, despite little concomitant change in threshold at CF. The units with enhanced firing rate after exposure were typically those with distinct inhibitory sidebands. Furthermore, the occurrence of enhanced excitatory response was commonly associated with a loss of sideband inhibition above CF.
CuPd nanoparticles as a catalyst in carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions by a facile oleylamine synthesis

CuPd bi-metallic nanoparticles were synthesized in oleylamine without the use of additional surfactants, ligands, or reducing agents. The alloyed nanoparticles showed high catalytic activity in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions with excellent turnover number (6000) and turnover frequency of 72 000 h−1 under microwave irradiation. These nanoparticles were successfully utilized in a Suzuki coupling reaction with a diverse range of functionalized substrates. The catalyst also demonstrated multiple recyclability for Suzuki coupling reactions. The CuPd nanoparticles have also probed the utility in other cross-coupling reactions such as Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions. According to the XPS data, two oxidation states of each metal exist on the surface of the nanoparticle. This is advantageous especially for Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions because having Cu+ present on the surface of the catalyst eliminates the need for a copper salt to stabilize the alkyne during the reaction.
Wearables and the Internet of Things for Health: Wearable, Interconnected Devices Promise More Efficient and Comprehensive Health Care

In our recent book Health-e Everything: Wearables and the Internet of Things for Health, we capture in an interactive e-book format some global thought-leader perspectives as well as early examples of case studies and novel innovations that are driving this emerging technology domain. Here, we provide a brief snapshot of key findings related to these novel technologies and use cases, which are driving both health care practitioners and health consumers (patients). As technologists, having a firm understanding of customer-driven innovation and the actual user benefits of interconnective devices for health will help us engineer better solutions that are more targeted to the triple aim of better, faster, and cheaper health solutions.
Rosettes: Self-Assembled Supermacrocycles

Supermacrocycles are circular assemblies held together through noncovalent forces, also known as rosettes. This article discusses the self-assembly of organic rosettes composed of three to six modules. Design features that play a part in the self-assembly of these superstructures and the factors that affect their supramolecular organization are described. In the final section of this article, we discuss the self-assembly of these superstructures into two-dimensional networks on solid substrates.
Impact of an electronic handoff documentation tool on team shared mental models in pediatric critical care

Display Omitted Assessed impact of handoff documentation tool on shared mental models.No significant changes in overlap scores or rate of discrepancies.Future work needed to develop tools for reducing discrepancies in team understanding.Technical solutions alone may not be sufficient to improve complex care processes, such as handoff. ObjectiveTo examine the impact of the implementation of an electronic handoff tool (the Handoff Tool) on shared mental models (SMM) within patient care teams as measured by content overlap and discrepancies in verbal handoff presentations given by different clinicians caring for the same patient. Materials and methodsResearchers observed, recorded, and transcribed verbal handoffs given by different members of patient care teams in a pediatric intensive care unit. The transcripts were qualitatively coded and analyzed for content overlap scores and the number of discrepancies in handoffs of different team members before and after the implementation of the tool. ResultsContent overlap scores did not change post-implementation. The average number of discrepancies nearly doubled following the implementation (from 0.76 discrepancies per handoff group pre-implementation to 1.17 discrepancies per handoff group post-implementation); however, this change was not statistically significant (p=0.37). Discrepancies classified as related to dosage of treatment or procedure and to patients symptoms increased in frequency post-implementation. DiscussionThe results suggest that the Handoff Tool did not have the desired positive impact on SMM within patient care teams. Future electronic tools for facilitating team handoff may need longer implementation times, complementary changes to handoff process and structure, and improved designs that integrate a common core of shared information with discipline-specific records. ConclusionWhile electronic handoff tools provide great opportunities to improve communication and facilitate the formation of shared mental models within patient care teams, further work is necessary to realize their full potential.
The Higher Homotopy Groups

The fundamental group of a connected polyhedron provides more information than does its first homology group. This is evident from Theorem 4.11 since the first homology group is completely determined by the fundamental group. For this reason, the need for higher dimensional analogues of the fundamental group was recognized early in the development of algebraic topology. Definitions of these “higher homotopy groups” were given in the years 1932–1935 by Eduard Cech (1893–1960) and Witold Hurewicz (1904–1956). It was Hurewicz who gave the most satisfactory definition and proved the fundamental properties.
Experimental Validation of a Template for Navigation of Miniature Legged Robots

This paper provides experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis that the Switching Four-bar Mechanism (SFM) model may serve as a template for miniature legged systems in quasi-static operation. The evidence suggests that the SFM captures salient motion behaviors of morphologically distinct centimeter-scale legged robots. Captured behaviors are then used for planning and control at small scales, thus demonstrating the practical utility of the SFM in navigation tasks.
A comparison study between previous and current shoreline concentrations of heavy metals at the Great Salt Lake using portable X-ray fluorescence analysis

ABSTRACTThe Great Salt Lake has been gradually desiccating, increasing the amount of exposed lakebed and potentially exposing heavy metals that may be present in the lakebed soil and sediments. It is hypothesized that there is a statistically significant difference between the current and previous shorelines, with the highest concentrations being at the current shoreline. This study used systematic sampling to collect 32 samples from the current shoreline and previous shorelines (elevation of 1281 and 1282 m, respectively) for a total of 64 samples. All samples underwent X-ray fluorescence analysis to quantify heavy metal concentrations. Nearly all samples contained arsenic (highest concentrations near the current shoreline). The majority of samples (80%) showed mercury levels below the limit of detection (LOD). A statistically significant difference in heavy metal concentrations between the two locations for arsenic, zinc, iron, manganese, rubidium, zirconium, and strontium was found. In addition, it was...
The Practice of Clinical Decision Support: Applying Standards and Technology to Deliver Knowledge-Driven Interventions

Clinical decision support (CDS) delivered in the context of electronic health record systems is receiving increasing attention as a way to help improve clinical practice and health behaviors. Nevertheless, multiple technologies exist to implement and maintain CDS, and there is little consensus on their use. The use of health information technology (HIT) standards for encoding data, representing knowledge and delivering knowledge-based interventions can help facilitate implementation of CDS. However, many standards from numerous standards development organizations (SDOs) exist that are variously incorporated into vendor software, and consensus on the use of these standards is lacking. Accordingly, the purpose of the presentation is twofold. First, the presenters, who are co-chairs of the Health Level Seven CDS Work Group, will survey the state of the art and science regarding HIT standards that are applicable to CDS. In this analysis of the standards landscape, the presenters will emphasize those standards concerning knowledge representation and delivery as well as convey the latest developments regarding these standards and related efforts to develop new standards. Second, the presenters will show how this work has been translated into software tools and actual implementations that are used to deliver knowledge interventions and to provide CDS.
Millennial’s Political Activism

Political activity is a telling behavior about a generation, influencing how policy makers in the U.S. do their jobs and how budgets are set. A generation without any political activity risks missing out on benefits from activity, while an active generation may help shape the institutions and traditions in a political culture. There are significant challenges to measuring individual political activity, and the question isn’t simply “how politically active are you?” A tool traditionally used to address this challenge is a seven- point scale based on the correlation between an individual’s party identification and political activism. This measurement allows polltakers to label themselves as strong or weak for either major party, independent leaning Republican/Democrat or truly independent. For a deeper look, scholars can gauge political activism by examining a number of sub-levels of activism, rather than relying simply on a seven-point scale. Social identity has become an important way to measure levels of partisanship and interest amongst the citizenry.
Religious Regulation as Foreign Policy: Morocco's Islamic Diplomacy in West Africa

Studies of religious regulation tend to examine how states manage the domestic religious market. This article extends this research program by analyzing a state that regulates the religious markets of foreign countries. The Moroccan case demonstrates the circumstances under which a religious bureaucracy designed to manage domestic religion can be turned outward, and employed to achieve foreign policy goals. Unlike other cases of foreign religious regulation, however, Morocco's efforts have been welcomed at the same time that the policy advanced Morocco's interests. What explains the success of Morocco's religious foreign policy? Building on interviews with religious elites from a recipient country, this article argues that Moroccan religious foreign policy has been successful because it was perceived as having historical and cultural legitimacy, it built on pre-existing institutions, and it was paired with renewed economic collaboration, three factors that have broader theoretical relevance to the study of religious foreign policies.
Addressing a statistical power-alpha level blind spot in political- and health-related media research: discontinuous criterion power analyses

A content analysis of 900 political- and health-related media articles published in 11 outlets from 2010 through 2015 reveals a complete disconnect between discussions of statistical power and alph...
Dermoscopic features of onychotillomania: A study of 36 cases

Background Onychotillomania is a nail-picking disorder characterized by nail dystrophy and abnormal morphology of the nail plate, nail bed, and periungual skin. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the dermoscopic features of onychotillomania. Methods A retrospective study of the dermoscopy images of 36 patients affected by onychotillomania. The images were reviewed independently by both authors and a list of dermatoscopic findings was established. Results Scales were observed in 34 cases (94.4%). Absence of the nail plate was seen in 30 cases (83.3%). Wavy lines were observed in 25 cases (69.4%). Hemorrhages were observed in 23 cases (63.9%). Crusts were seen in 22 cases (61.1%). Nail bed pigmentation was observed in 17 cases (47.2%). Speckled dots were observed in 14 cases (38.9%). Nail plate melanonychia was observed in 4 cases (11.1%). Limitations Limitations included small sample size and retrospective study. Conclusion Absence of the nail plate with multiple obliquely oriented nail bed hemorrhages, nail bed gray pigmentation, and presence of wavy lines are characteristic findings of onychotillomania and not seen in other nail diseases.
Multiple Sclerosis De Novo Central Nervous System IgG Synthesis: Measurement, Antibody Profile, Significance, Eradication, and Problems

Three independent means may be used to detect and measure de novo central nervous system (CNS) IgG synthesis: the application of an empirical formula, the results of an IgG isotopic test, and the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for IgG oligoclones. The empirical formula and the isotope test provide a quantitative measure of the synthesis rate in mg per day. In contrast, the detection of CSF IgG oligoclones, presently a qualitative test, supports the presence of de novo CNS IgG synthesis, providing the serum does not contain IgG oligoclones and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to protein is not excessively damaged.
VoteBox: a tamper-evident, verifiable electronic voting system

Commercial electronic voting systems have experienced many high-profile software, hardware, and usability failures in real elections. While it is tempting to abandon electronic voting altogether, we show how a careful application of distributed systems and cryptographic techniques can yield voting systems that surpass current systems and their analog forebears in trustworthiness and usability. We have developed the VoteBox, a complete electronic voting system that combines several recent e-voting research results into a coherent whole that can provide strong end-to-end security guarantees to voters. VoteBox machines are locally networked and all critical election events are broadcast and recorded by every machine on the network. VoteBox network data, including encrypted votes, can be safely relayed to the outside world in real time, allowing independent observers with personal computers to validate the system as it is running. We also allow any voter to challenge a VoteBox, while the election is ongoing, to produce proof that ballots are cast as intended. The VoteBox design offers a number of pragmatic benefits that can help reduce the frequency and impact of poll worker or voter errors.
Abstract 603: Sequences Proximate to the Renin Cleavage Site in Angiotensinogen Do Not Affect Angiotensin II-mediated Functions

Objective: Angiotensinogen (AGT) cleavage by renin is the rate limiting step to produce angiotensin (Ang)II, a critical contributor to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Human AGT can not be cleaved...
Nanoscale interlayer defects in iron arsenides

Abstract Using a local real-space microscopy probe, we discover evidence of nanoscale interlayer defects along the c-crystallographic direction in BaFe2As2 (‘122’) based iron-arsenide superconductors. We find ordered 122 atomic arrangements within the ab-plane, and within regions of ~10 to 20 nm size perpendicular to this plane. While the FeAs substructure is very rigid, Ba ions are relatively weakly bound and can be displaced from the 122, forming stacking faults resulting in the physical separation of the 122 between adjacent ordered domains. The evidence for interlayer defects between the FeAs superconducting planes gives perspective on the minimal connection between interlayer chemical disorder and high-temperature superconductivity. In particular, the Cooper pairs may be finding a way around such localized interlayer defects through a percolative path of the ordered layered 122 lattice that may not affect Tc.
A general methodology and the correlation for the prediction of the solids flow rates through the L-valves

Abstract L-valves are used as a non-mechanical valve for the solids flow rate control in circulating fluidized beds (CFB). To quantify the solids flow rate through the L-valve, a number of correlations have been proposed in the last few decades. These correlations are mainly empirical and are developed based on the given information of either the gas aeration rate or the pressure drop across the L-valve with known values of such parameters as particle and aeration gas properties and L-valve geometry. The range of the applicability of these correlations are limited and their accuracy remains to be further validated. In accounting for the solids flow rate through the L-valve, a mechanistic correlation based model is developed in this study on a generic framework that describes the relative velocity between solids and aeration gas at the L-valve from the information including the pressure drop across the L-valve, the total aeration rate, and the properties of aeration gas and solids. With the L-valve voidage further estimated, the solids flow rate through the L-valve can be calculated. The proposed predictive scheme yields a much wider range of applicability and a more accurate solids flow rate prediction. Specifically, the literature data for Geldart Group B particles are used to determine the coefficients of established dimensionless correlation that accounts for the intrinsic flow property associated with the momentum transfer between the gas and solid flows. The correlation is applicable also to Geldart Group D particles verified using the new experimental data obtained in this study that include experiments conducted under the ambient and high temperature (up to 1000 °C) conditions. This dimensionless correlation that considers operating conditions with various L-valve sizes and lengths is demonstrated to provide a much versatile predictive scheme on the solids flow rate through the L-valve, compared to the work reported in the literature.
Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation following minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair: A case report.

Abstract Introduction Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital chest wall deformity. The minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is the most commonly practiced method of surgical treatment and there is concern that the pectus bar will prevent effective CPR. There are no recorded cases of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation with pectus bars in place. Presentation of case A 17-year-old male with pectus excavatum underwent MIRPE. Two years later, he experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and underwent successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the field with a pectus bar in place. Discussion Successful CPR is possible after MIRPE. Clear identification of patients who have undergone MIRPE and education of CPR providers in providing effective chest compressions and defibrillation for this patient population is necessary. Conclusion This is the first documented case of successful CPR in a patient with a pectus bar in place who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
BOREAS TE-18 Biomass Density Image of the SSA

The BOREAS TE-18 team focused its efforts on using remotely sensed data to characterize the successional and disturbance dynamics of the boreal forest for use in carbon modeling. This biomass density image covers almost the entire BOREAS SSA. The pixels for which biomass density is computed include areas, that are in conifer land cover classes only. The biomass density values represent the amount of overstory biomass (i.e., tree biomass only) per unit area. It is derived from a Landsat-5 TM image collected on 02-Sep-1994. The technique that was used to create this image is very similar to the technique that was as used to create the physical classification of the SSA. The data are provided in a binary image file format. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884), or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Activity Archive Center (DAAC).
The 2016 Water Crisis in San Andres Island: An Opportunity for Change?

espanolDurante el primer semestre del 2016 el fenomeno del Nino alcanzo condiciones severas en San Andres islas, Colombia. El 2 de abril, raizales y personas de bajos recursos hicieron once protestas por la falta de agua. La crisis del agua afecto diferencialmente a mas de catorce mil personas. La respuesta institucional se enfoco en distribuir agua gratuita durante las epocas secas e incrementar la frecuencia y produccion del agua. Esta investigacion analiza la respuesta a la crisis y explora en el corto plazo, si hubo algun cambio en el acceso al agua. 34 entrevistas semiestructuradas se realizaron en el 2016 y 45 en el 2018. Los resultados sugieren que en la respuesta a la crisis se uso una filosofia conservadora arraigada en un paradigma tecnocratico. Como resultado, el acceso al agua se mantiene en las mismas condiciones que en el 2016. Este estudio contribuye a entender los factores que influencian la respuesta a la crisis. EnglishDuring the first half of 2016, the “Nino” Phenomenon reached severe conditions in San Andres Island, Colombia. On April 2, people, mostly the Raizals, an ethnic minority group, and people from poor neighborhoods started 11 road protests asking for water. The water crisis affected, differentially, more than 14.000 people. The institutional response focused on distributing free water trucking during dry periods, increasing the water frequency, and incrementing water production. This study analyzed the crisis response and explored, in the short term, whether there was a change in access to water. In August 2016 were conducted 34 semi-structured interviews and 45 in November 2018. Findings suggest that crisis response used a conservative philosophy embedded in a technocratic perspective; as a result, it is still limited water access in the way it was before the crisis. This study contributes to the understanding of the factors that influence crisis response.
How pro-government militia ethnic relationships influence violence against civilians

How do ethnic links between governments and pro-government militias (PGMs) affect the abusive behaviour of PGMs? PGMs may recruit irrespective of ethnic group (Non-Ethnic PGMs), from the ethnic gro...
The congruent and comparative impacts of weather on consumer reviews: evidence from an online forum and experiment

This research examines the impact of weather on consumer reviews of products and services. Although anecdotal and empirical evidence indicate that weather influences consumers' choices and shopping behaviour, little is known about how weather impacts consumers' evaluations of products and services. We propose that consumer reviews are influenced by incidental weather conditions both during product experience and during retrospective product evaluation. Using both online consumer review data and an experiment, we find consistent evidence that: 1) weather during experience and during retrospection have directionally congruent impacts on the positivity of product reviews; 2) changes in weather from experience to retrospection result in a comparative effect, by which negative (positive) changes in weather from the time of experience to the time of review are associated with more positive (negative) reviews. This research offers strategic implications for the timing of direct marketing messages, such as mobile advertising and product review solicitation.
Single Lung Transplantation in Patients under 50: Single Center and UNOS Analysis

Purpose The lung transplantation (LTx) community continues to investigate single- (SLT) vs. double-lung transplantation (DLT) to predict optimal long-term survival post-LTx. We investigated the survival in younger patients receiving SLT using the current United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database and our single center results. Methods A retrospective analysis of both UNOS and single center databases was performed, investigating patients between ages 18 and 50 who received either a SLT or DLT from August 2005 to March 2020 (n=11156; n=48). Similar patients were matched between the two databases (n=96). Survival outcomes were assessed before and after propensity score matching. P-value Results In the pre-propensity match, the UNOS patient group who received DLT had better survival outcomes than SLT (p Conclusion While debate continues on the validity of SLT vs. DLT continues, transplantation type did not affect long-term survival in any patient group. Upon matching, there was no difference in survival for lung transplant patients based on transplant type. These promising newer results support consideration of the use of SLT, which allows for greater distribution of limited donor organs.
Addressing Bias Toward Overweight Patients: a Training Program for First-Year Medical Students.

Physicians may have biases toward overweight patients which likely influences clinical judgments and can lead to disparities in patient care. An increasing number of adults are considered overweight/obese, so it is important to address these biases in training future physicians. Forty-five first-year medical students participated in art museum programs and physician presentations, or were part of the control group. Four validated measures Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale, Attitudes Toward Obese Persons Scale, Fat Phobia Scale, and the Harvard Implicit Association Test (IAT) and researcher-generated questions, measured levels of bias before and after study activities. All participants demonstrated decreased bias. ANCOVA analysis did not reveal significant differences between the experimental and control groups. However, prior to the study 75% of participants had “preference for thin individuals.” Forty percent of those participating in study activities indicated a positive change by associating more positive traits with obese body shapes, compared to 29% of the control group. Study activities were rated positively. The art museum was an engaging/relaxing place for reflection on body types and biases. Physicians provided important instruction for normalization/de-stigmatization of patient care. Although there were no significant findings, the study has raised questions for continuing this work. What are most effective ways/times to address weight bias within the medical school curriculum? Could this work extend to other marginalized patient groups? The diversity in art and humanities creates a rich resource for discussing viewpoints and experiences. The small number of participants and the timing/lack of focus in museum sessions are noted as limitations.
The Initiative for a New Social- Market Economy and the Transformation of the German Welfare Regime after Unification

This paper focuses on how business interests and neoliberal ideas have come together in Germany during the past two decades. It is based on a detailed analysis of the INSM, a large-scale campaign founded and funded by the metal industry employers’ association Gesamtmetall in 2000 to shape public opinion. Since its origination, the INSM has launched a systematic attack on the German welfare state. As a business-led public relations campaign, the purpose of the INSM is to propagate market-oriented reforms and influence public opinion and policymaking rather than to develop new economic ideas. Nevertheless, a group of economists associated the Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) have actively supported and campaigned for the INSM. The INSM exposes a serious problem with the academic literature that characterizes Germany as an exemplar of ‘non-liberal’ capitalism: the positions of leading German business officials and economists are fundamentally and unmistakably liberal.