cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling Dislocations and Disclinations With Finite Micropolar Elastoplasticity

Abstract Aspects of a constitutive model for characterizing crystalline metals containing a distribution of dislocation and disclination defects are presented. Kinematics, balance laws, and general kinetic relations are developed – from the perspective of multiscale volume averaging – upon examination of a deforming crystalline element containing a distribution of displacement discontinuities in the form of translational and rotational lattice defects, i.e., dislocations and disclinations. The macroscopic kinematic description is characterized by a three-term multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. The micro-level description follows from an additive decomposition of an affine connection into contributions from populations of dislocations and disclinations to the distortion of the lattice directors. Standard balance equations apply at the macroscopic scale, while momentum balances reminiscent of those encountered in micropolar elasticity (i.e., couple stress theory) are imposed at the micro-level on first and second order moment stresses associated with geometrically necessary defects. Thermodynamic restrictions are presented, and general features of kinetic relations are postulated for time rates of inelastic deformations and internal variables. Micropolar rotations are incorporated to capture physics that geometrically necessary dislocations stemming from first order gradients of elastic or plastic parts of the total deformation gradient may alone be unable to reflect, including evolution of defect substructure at multiple length scales and incompatible lattice misorientation gradients arising in ductile single crystals subjected to nominally homogeneous deformation.
Postnatal management of prenatally diagnosed abdominal masses and anomalies

Rapid advancement in fetal diagnostic imaging has increased our ability to diagnose a multitude of anomalies in the prenatal period. The purpose of this chapter is to review our current understanding of prenatally diagnosed intra-abdominal lesions, and describe the current guidelines for the postnatal management and subsequent outcome for these lesions.
Circulating Antibodies in Vitamin—Deficiency States. Pteroylglutamic Acid, Niacin—Tryptophan, Vitamins B12, A, and D Deficiencies.∗:

Summary1. Hemagglutinin production in response to inoculation with human erythrocytes has been investigated in pteroylglutamic acid, niacin—tryptophan, vit. B12, vit. A. vit. D-deficient rats and t...
Ceruminolytic effects of docusate sodium: a randomized, controlled trial.

Abstract Study Objective: Assessment of the tympanic membrane is often impeded by the presence of cerumen. We compared the ceruminolytic effects of triethanolamine polypeptide and docusate sodium in patients with cerumen. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial on a convenience sample of cooperative adult and pediatric patients presenting to a university-based emergency department who required removal of cerumen to visualize the tympanic membrane. Structured data collection was performed, and the physician determined whether visualization of the tympanic membrane was partially or totally obscured by cerumen (interobserver agreement, ρ=0.79). Patients received intra-aural instillation of 1mL of either docusate sodium or triethanolamine polypeptide in a liquid form. If not completely cleared within 15 minutes, the external ear canal was irrigated with 50 or 100 mL of normal saline solution and additional attempts to visualize the tympanic membrane were made. The main outcome was the proportion of ears in which the tympanic membrane could be totally visualized after ceruminolytic instillation with or without irrigation. This study had 80% power to detect a 40% difference between groups in the proportion of totally visualized tympanic membranes (χ 2 test, α=.05). Results: Of 50 enrolled patients, 23 received triethanolamine polypeptide and 27 received docusate sodium. Mean patient age was 40 years (range 1 to 81 years); 35% were female. Groups were similar in age, sex, and proportion of completely obscured tympanic membranes at presentation (78%). The ability to completely visualize the tympanic membrane was significantly greater after treatment with docusate sodium versus triethanolamine polypeptide (81% versus 35%; difference in proportions 47%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22 to 71) particularly in children aged 5 or less (90% versus 0%; difference in proportions 89%; 95% CI 50 to 100). Conclusion: Docusate sodium solution is a more effective ceruminolytic than triethanolamine polypeptide, allowing complete or partial visualization of the tympanic membrane in most patients after a single application when followed with irrigation. Use of docusate sodium as a ceruminolytic should be encouraged, particularly in children. [Singer AJ, Sauris E, Viccellio AW. Ceruminolytic effects of docusate sodium: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. September 2000;36:228-232.]
Make-or-Buy decisions: What choice for an accounting services in a developing country

This article puts forward an explanatory model for the probability of a business having internal or external accounting at a specific moment. It is supported by three approaches: resource- based theory, contingency theory and transaction cost theory. A questionnaire was submitted to 79 business heads in Cameroon. The data gathered were subject to Pearson correlation tests, principal component analysis, logistic regression and Spearman rank tests. The study’s results emphasise the influence of differentials in skills and costs on the probability of accounting being external or internal. It shows that a greater uncertainty in the external environment leads to outsourcing as it offers enterprises greater flexibility. The make-or-buy decision depends on contextual factors such as the size of the business, training systems and accounting referential.
An Approach for Modeling Sheet Metal Forming for Process Controller Design

Varying the blank holder force during forming can lead to higher formability and accuracy, and better part consistency. Process control, using on-line adjustment of the blank holder force to follow a reference process variable (e.g., the punch force, the draw-in, etc.) trajectory has been applied to sheet metal forming. However, process controller design has not been thoroughly addressed. In this paper, the essential part for systematic process controller design, i.e., modeling a sheet metal forming process, will be addressed in terms of control terminology (e.g., the process model, the model uncertainty and the disturbance). A process model for u-channel forming, i.e., a mathematical relationship between the blank holder force and the punch force, is presented and experimentally validated. Characterization of the model uncertainty mainly due to small variations in blank size, sheet thickness, material properties and tooling shape due to die wear and the disturbance which is mainly due to friction is developed.
An inexpensive, automatic, submersible water sampler

Currently available water samplers are manually actuated, can only be deployed onshore, limiting their use to small or developed water bodies, or are designed for deployment in the deep sea, making them large and expensive. The automatic submersible water sampler described here is small, lightweight, actuated by a microprocessor, and inexpensively and easily constructed. The sampler consists of a pressure case, sample containers constructed of 10 spring-loaded 60 mL syringes connected to solenoid valves, and electronics to control opening and closing of the solenoid valves. Vacuum in the syringes keeps the springs compressed while the solenoid valves are closed. When a valve opens, the spring expands and draws water past a screen and/or filter into the syringe. Once the syringe is filled, the solenoid valve closes, storing the sample. More than one syringe can be opened simultaneously if more than 60 mL are required. Preservatives can be added to the syringe prior to deployment. Some environments where it could be used include karst aquifers, lakes, large rivers, and estuaries.
Segmenting for wavelet compression

Summary form only given. We propose a new approach to segmenting mixed raster content images for compression by wavelet encoders and binary compressors. Though wavelets are efficient at modeling edges in natural images, text and sharp edges can be more effectively represented by a binary mask than with wavelets. A common approach to mixed raster content documents is to segment images from text, and separately compress images and a binary mask that defines the segmentation. We propose that the segmentation be done jointly with a projection-onto-convex-sets (POCS) smoothing, with the design goal of segmented images that have a minimal number of nonzero wavelet coefficients. Our goal is a document segmentation that is easy to compress. Knowing that the image encoder will be a lossy wavelet coder, we approximate the above goal as minimizing the number of nonzero wavelet coefficients. We attempt to achieve this goal by jointly choosing the mask and data-filling.
Critical magnetic fields of a Kondo superconductor: ZnMn

The superconducting critical fields of pure Zn and of a series ofZnMn alloys have been measured as a function of temperatureT down to 0.06 K. The critical fields have been used to calculate the entropy difference between the normal and superconducting states. For all the alloys studied, the entropy in the superconducting state is proportional toT asT → 0, indicating a finite density of states at the Fermi energy. We interpret this result as evidence for the existence of localized bound states within the energy gap centered at the Mn impurities. Results obtained for the depression ofTc, for the critical field atT=0, for the jump in specific heat atTc, and for the law of corresponding states are also presented and compared with the predictions of the Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory. A simple expression relating the critical fields of these alloys to the Mn concentration has been found to be in very good agreement with experiment.
Threshold voltage and transconductance of fully depleted thin-film SOI MOSFETs

Summary form only given. In lightly doped or near-intrinsic thin-film SOI MOSFETs, the Fermi potential phi /sub B/ is close to zero. If threshold is defined by extrapolation to zero current from the linear region, then at the threshold condition the concentration of free carriers close to the surface is not zero, and may be greater than that of impurity charges in these films. In this case simulation shows that the front-surface potential Psi /sub sf/, which is the band bending from a hypothetical neutral film body to the front surface, is substantially greater than 2 phi /sub B/. Therefore, the definition of threshold condition Psi /sub sf/=2 phi /sub B/ as the onset of strong inversion is not consistent with the experimental technique of determining threshold by extrapolation. The simulations indicate that critical surface-potential bending of phi /sub B/+0.35 V is required to reach the threshold condition at zero back-gate bias when phi /sub B/ is less than 0.35 V. This critical surface-potential bending is found to be a weak function of back-gate bias. The threshold voltage and surface potentials of fully depleted SOI MOSFETs at the threshold condition are not significantly affected by the presence of inversion-layer charge even if it is much greater than the impurity charge as in the case of lightly doped Si films. The front-gate linear transconductance is relatively insensitive to the back-gate device parameters even though the front-gate threshold voltage is dependent on them. Simulations show that the transconductance remains nearly constant up to about 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/ and then falls off rapidly with increasing doping concentration as a result of mobility degradation. The transconductance is independent of Si film thickness if the mobility effect is not significant and the source/drain resistance is not high enough to become the limiting factor. >
The effects of sequential sectioning of defined posterior cruciate ligament fiber regions on translational knee motion.

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is composed of a continuum of fiber regions that display characteristic mechanical behavior under different motion and loading conditions.HypothesisThe anterior, central, and posterior fiber regions of the PCL differentially contribute to control of posterior translation of the tibia.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsNine intact, fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were instrumented with excursion wires implanted within the anterior, central, and posterior fiber regions of the PCL. In groups of 3, patterns of incremental posterior tibial translation using a 74-N posterior force were analyzed as a function of the variable linear separation distance between tibial and femoral fiber region attachment sites during posterior drawer testing at knee flexion angles of 20° and 90° before and after sequential fiber region abs.ResultsAt 20° of knee flexion, there was no statistical difference in the relatively small amount of poster...
Stiff, strong, yet tough free-standing dielectric films of graphene nanosheets-polyurethane nanocomposites with very high dielectric constant and loss

In this study, graphene nanosheets (GNS) prepared through a liquid exfoliation technique are dispersed in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) at a volume fraction (Vf) of up to 0.19. Then, the electrical and mechanical properties of the obtained composites are characterized. The dielectric spectroscopy shows an excessive variation in dielectric constant (1.1 to 3.53 × 107) and dielectric tangent loss (0.03 to 2515) with varying Vf over the frequency range of 25 kHz to 5 MHz. A considerable enhancement in electrical conductivity (DC) is found, from 3.87 × 10−10 S/m (base polymer) to 53.5 S/m for the 0.19 Vf GNS-TPU nanocomposite. The GNS-TPU composites are mechanically robust, with a considerable increase in stiffness (∼4-fold) and strength (almost twice), maintaining its ductility up to 0.09 Vf GNS. The high dielectric constant at lower frequencies is attributed to the well-established Maxwell-Wagner polarization effect, whereas the high dielectric tangent loss is due to leakage currents as a physical conducting network is formed at high filler loadings. The layered structure, high aspect ratio, and improved dispersion of GNS are the main reasons for the improvement in both the dielectric characteristics and the mechanical properties of the host polymer.
Black Power vs. Black Genocide

(1969). Black Power vs. Black Genocide. The Black Scholar: Vol. 1, Black Politics, pp. 47-52.
Regioselective rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1,3-dienes to highly enantioenriched β,γ-unsaturated aldehyes with diazaphospholane ligands.

Regioselective and enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1,3-dienes with chiral bisdiazaphospholane ligands yields β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes that retain a C═C functionality for further conversion. The reaction conditions are mild, featuring low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %), pressures readily obtained in glass bottles, and convenient reaction times (1.5−12 h). Optimized reaction conditions produce high enantioselectivity (>90% ee), regioselectivity (88−99%), and conversion to β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes (99%) for ten 1,3-dienes encompassing a variety of substitution patterns.
Data science: supporting decision-making

Data science is a new academic trans-discipline that builds on 60 years of research about supporting decision-making in organisations. It is an important and potentially significant concept and pra...
The Research of "Project Teaching Methods" to Train Senior IT Professionals

This paper focuses on the current market need higher skills,practical high-end IT personnel training,presents a series of educational teaching reform: instance-driven project approach,using a variety of teaching methods of teaching mode of combining work and study.Highlight the "operational" capability,on the traditional education teaching methods have improved,to improve the training of application ability of high-end IT talent and concrete implementation viable and operational characteristics,is worth learning and promotion.
Study on Preparation of Foam Glass-Ceramic by Oil Shale Residue

Foam glass-ceramic is prepared through sintering method with oil shale residue.Thus,the oil shale resource may be comprehensively utilized.Based on the analysis of oil shale residue composition,the formula of foam glass-ceramic is confirmed.The experimental result shows that the foam glass-ceramic which aperture is less than 2mm is prepared at appropriate temperature system when calcium carbonate is used as foaming agent.By means of XRD and SEM,the microstructure and crystallization phase identification are studied.The primary crystallization phase is augite,and secondary crystallization phase is anorthite.There are many acicular and granular crystals within the foam glass-ceramic.These crystals are complected.Therefore,the foam glass-ceramic is provided with favorable properties.
The Development of Social Gender Reseach at Home and Abroad

As a development in academic field,social gender research is not only closly integrated with other international academic fields,but also related with various social movements.Through the concepts of "interdisciplinary" and "male research",we can understand the depth and width of this field.Social gender study also made sound progress.However,while this concept is widely applied in Chinese female circle,it also met some deficiencies in depth.Social gender researchers should try to call upon their voices,go out of academic brink,fight with male-dominated culture,and avail of the functions of social gender critical theory.
Gamma globulin prophylaxis of viral hepatitis. An update.

Gamma globulin prophylaxis after exposure to hepatitis A has been standard therapy for many years. Newer data suggest that in certain cases it may also be effective after exposure to hepatitis B. Data and reasoning supporting this conclusion are reviewed.
Over-expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM: To describe the significant over-expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), which is a signal transduction and cell proliferation related gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Following DNA microarray, Northern blot and quantitative real-time PCR were employed to confirm FGFR3 expression difference in HCC tissues and surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue. FGFR3 expression levels were further determined by immunohistochemical study in 43 cases of HCC. RESULTS: Northern blot results showed the significant over-expression of FGFR3 in HCC tissues, which was consistent with that from DNA microarray. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that the mean ratio of FGFR3 mRNA to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) mRNA in HCC tissue was 0.250, whereas the ratio in non-neoplastic liver tissue was 0.014. Statistical analyses of 43 cases of HCC revealed that HCC scored higher than the matched non-neoplastic liver tissues. Examination of clinicopathological features revealed a strong correlation of over-expression of FGFR3 with poor tumor differentiation and high nuclear grade. CONCLUSION: Over-expression of FGFR3 may play an important role in liver carcinogenesis. FGFR3 may be an ideal candidate as a molecular marker in the diagnosis of HCC and a potential therapeutic target.
Immediate Environmental Stressors on Food Security

This chapter considers the immediate forces influencing China’s food system and food security. By immediate is meant events of the reform period, from the late 1970s to 2009. It begins by asking the question that has preoccupied specialists since the publication of Lester Brown’s Who Will Feed China? in 1995: How much arable land does China have? Is that land area sufficient to insure grain sufficiency? To insure food security? The chapter focuses on the human pressures on the food production environment, and then treats the effects of socioeconomic change: land, air, and water degradation. The core of the chapter examines seven responses of the state to both perceived and actual environmental stressors: policy restricting arable land conversion, China’s one-child policy, investment in irrigation systems, large-scale dam construction, the South-North Water Diversion Project, large-scale afforestation and reforestation campaigns, and the program to convert marginal agricultural lands to forests and grasslands.
The Postcolonial Flâneur: Open City and the Urban Palimpsest

Using reading, specifically Edward Said’s contrapuntal reading, as a metaphor for walking the city, I examine how the postcolonial flâneur re-reads New York back into history in Teju Cole’s Open City . The narrator’s palimpsestic walks through New York enable readers to situate the city’s global identity in a longer colonial and postcolonial history, challenging ahistorical characterizations of global cities. Coupled with the principles of nineteenth-century French flâneire, the postcolonial perspective offers a way to re-see the urban landscape through a dialectical insider/outsider position, enabling a critique of the complicity between globalization and capitalism in marginalizing voices and histories. Furthermore, my argument suggests that the novel challenges the celebratory cosmopolitan narratives that praise the rise of the global citizen while ignoring the plight of the unhomely.
Abstract PL03-01: A gnotobiotic mouse model demonstrates that dietary fiber protects against colorectal tumorigenesis in a microbiota- and butyrate-dependent manner

It is controversial whether dietary fiber protects against colorectal cancer because of conflicting results from human epidemiologic studies. However, these studies and mouse models of colorectal cancer have not controlled the composition of gut microbiota, which ferment fiber into short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Butyrate is noteworthy because it has energentic and epigenetic functions in colonocytes and tumor-suppressive properties in colorectal cancer cell lines. We colonized BALB/c mice with wild-type or mutant strains of a butyrate-producing bacterium in a gnotobiotic facility, provided them with high- or low-fiber diets that were otherwise identical and isocaloric, and used azoxymethane (AOM) to induce colorectal tumors. Analysis of these gnotobiotic mouse models demonstrated that fiber conferred a significant tumor-suppressive effect but in a microbiota- and butyrate-dependent manner. To confirm that butyrate is a causal factor, the anticancer chemoprotective effect was recapitulated in mice without any butyrate-producing bacteria when they were provided a tributyrin-fortified diet. Our data support a general mechanism that includes microbial fermentation of fiber rather than fiber exclusively speeding colonic transit to minimize the exposure of colonocytes to ingested carcinogens. Our data also support a molecular mechanism that is metaboloepigenetic. Normal colonocytes utilize butyrate as their primary energy source, whereas cancerous colonocytes rely on glucose because of the Warburg effect. Due to this metabolic difference, butyrate accumulated in tumors and functioned as an HDAC inhibitor to increase histone acetylation levels globally and at pro-apototic (Fas) and cell-cycle (p21 and p27) target genes, which culminated in increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. To support the relevance of this mechanism in human cancer, we demonstrate that butyrate and histone acetylation levels are elevated in colorectal adenocarcinomas compared to normal colonic tissues. These results, which link diet and microbiota to a tumor-suppressive metabolite, provide insight into conflicting epidemiologic findings and suggest that probiotic/prebiotic strategies can modulate an endogenous HDAC inhibitor for anticancer chemoprevention without the adverse effects associated with synthetic HDAC inhibitors used in chemotherapy. Citation Format: Dallas Donohoe, Darcy Holley, Leonard Collins, Stephanie Montgomery, Alan Whitmore, Kaitlin Curry, Sarah Renner, Alicia Greenwalt, Elizabeth Ryan, Virginia Godfrey, Deborah Threadgill, James Swenberg, David Threadgill, Scott Bultman. A gnotobiotic mouse model demonstrates that dietary fiber protects against colorectal tumorigenesis in a microbiota- and butyrate-dependent manner. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr PL03-01.
RENT+: an improved method for inferring local genealogical trees from haplotypes with recombination

Motivation : Haplotypes from one or multiple related populations share a common genealogical history. If this shared genealogy can be inferred from haplotypes, it can be very useful for many population genetics problems. However, with the presence of recombination, the genealogical history of haplotypes is complex and cannot be represented by a single genealogical tree. Therefore, inference of genealogical history with recombination is much more challenging than the case of no recombination. Results : In this paper, we present a new approach called RENT+ for the inference of local genealogical trees from haplotypes with the presence of recombination. RENT+ builds on a previous genealogy inference approach called RENT , which infers a set of related genealogical trees at different genomic positions. RENT+ represents a significant improvement over RENT in the sense that it is more effective in extracting information contained in the haplotype data about the underlying genealogy than RENT . The key components of RENT+ are several greatly enhanced genealogy inference rules. Through simulation, we show that RENT+ is more efficient and accurate than several existing genealogy inference methods. As an application, we apply RENT+ in the inference of population demographic history from haplotypes, which outperforms several existing methods. Availability and implementation : RENT+ is implemented in Java, and is freely available for download from: https://github.com/SajadMirzaei/RentPlus . Contacts : sajad@engr.uconn.edu or ywu@engr.uconn.edu. Supplementary information : Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comparative Analysis of Present and Future Space-Grade Processors with Device Metrics

Due to harsh and inaccessible operating environments, space computing presents many unique challenges and constraints that limit onboard computing performance. However, the increasing need for real...
Crossing the Mexico-U.S. Border: Illegality and Children’s Migration to the United States

Recent public debates reveal that the experiences of child migrants are not well understood. This study is a child-centered analysis of Mexican migration. We examine whether and how conditions in origin communities, and the attributes of children and parents, affect the propensities that children undertake a first migrant trip to the United States. From event history and other multivariate models used to assess children’s undocumented migration and how conditions in origin and sending communities explain its variation, our findings reveal close links between violence in Mexico and unauthorized child migration, and important variation in children’s likelihoods to initiate migration related to parents’ migration, origin migrant networks, and period of U.S. entry.
New type A dissection after acute type B aortic dissection

Abstract Objective Aortic dissection is a dynamic process that can progress both proximal and distal to the initial entry tear. We sought to determine associations for development of proximal progression or new type A aortic dissection (NTAD) after acute type B dissection (ATBD) and its effect on survival of the patient. Methods We reviewed all cases of acute aortic dissection that we managed from 1999 to 2014. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to identify correlates of NTAD. Multivariable regression and proportional hazards regression analysis was done to determine the effect of dissection progression on long-term survival. Results Among 477 cases of ATBD managed, 19 (4.0%) patients developed NTAD during a median follow-up of 4.1 (interquartile range, 1.4-7.7) years. Median time from diagnosis of ATBD to NTAD was 124 (interquartile range, 23-1201) days. Baseline predictors for development of NTAD at initial ATBD admission included bicuspid aortic valve ( P = .006) and age P = .012). Although not statistically significant, point estimates indicate that thoracic endovascular aortic repair was twice as frequent in NTAD cases as in non-NTAD cases. Overall 5-year survival was 70.2%. Patients who had repair of NTAD appear to have longer survival, although this effect is on the margin of statistical significance ( P = .051). After risk factor and correlates of NTAD adjustment, this effect was no longer apparent ( P = .089). Conclusions The natural history of ATBD is such that there is a persistent risk of NTAD, with the highest risk in the first 6 months. Factors associated with NTAD include bicuspid aortic valve and young age. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair did not have a large effect on risk. Timely diagnosis and repair of NTAD are associated with good survival rates. Lifelong surveillance is warranted in all cases of descending thoracic aortic dissection regardless of initial treatment modality.
Incidence of Fever and Positive Bacterial Cultures in Neonates Receiving Prostaglandin

Prostaglandin E (PGE1) is necessary to maintain ductus arteriosus patency in many newborns with congenital heart disease. Because PGE1 therapy commonly leads to fever, and given this population's fragile state, a complete sepsis workup is often performed in febrile, but otherwise asymptomatic, patients. This practice of liberal evaluation with bacterial cultures, empiric antibiotic treatment, and delays in essential surgical intervention may result in poor resource utilization and lead to increased iatrogenic morbidity. This study sought to determine the incidence of fever and culture-positive infection in patients receiving PGE1, and identify diagnostic variables that predict culture-positive infection. The study included a single-center retrospective review of all neonates receiving PGE1 between 2011 and 2014. Logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic analysis were used to identify significant predictors of positive bacterial cultures. Among 435 neonates, 175 (40%) had fevers (≥ 38.3 °C) while concurrently receiving PGE1, but only 9 (2%) had culture-positive infection and 1 (< 1%) had culture-positive bacteremia. Among 558 cultures collected, only 16 (3%) had bacterial growth. Multivariable analysis revealed age (p = 0.049, AUC 0.604), hospital length of stay (p = 0.002, AUC 0.764) and hypoxemia (p = 0.044, AUC 0.727) as the only significant predictors of positive cultures. Fever (p = 0.998, AUC 0.424) was not a significant predictor. In conclusion, given that fever occurs frequently in neonates receiving PGE1 and it is a very non-specific marker and not a predictor of positive cultures, the common practice of complete sepsis workup should be re-examined in febrile patients at low risk of bacterial illness.
Fast, axis-agnostic, dynamically summarized storage and retrieval for mass spectrometry data

Mass spectrometry, a popular technique for elucidating the molecular contents of experimental samples, creates data sets comprised of millions of three-dimensional (m/z, retention time, intensity) data points that correspond to the types and quantities of analyzed molecules. Open and commercial MS data formats are arranged by retention time, creating latency when accessing data across multiple m/z. Existing MS storage and retrieval methods have been developed to overcome the limitations of retention time-based data formats, but do not provide certain features such as dynamic summarization and storage and retrieval of point meta-data (such as signal cluster membership), precluding efficient viewing applications and certain data-processing approaches. This manuscript describes MzTree, a spatial database designed to provide real-time storage and retrieval of dynamically summarized standard and augmented MS data with fast performance in both m/z and RT directions. Performance is reported on real data with comparisons against related published retrieval systems.
Electromagnetic dissociation of Co 59 , Y 89 , and Au 197 targets by relativistic heavy ions to Z=26

The electromagnetic dissociation of $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$, $^{89}\mathrm{Y}$, and $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ target nuclei was inferred from measurements of cross sections for the one-neutron removal reaction. Beams of 2.1 GeV/nucleon $^{1}\mathrm{H}$, $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, and $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, 1.8 GeV/nucleon $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$, and 1.7 GeV/nucleon $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$ projectiles were used. Beam intensities were monitored using the $^{12}\mathrm{C}$(RHI,X${)}^{11}$C reaction, where RHI represents relativistic heavy ion beams. The experimental cross sections in excess of the estimated nuclear contributions are generally well described by use of the Weizsaaumlcker-Williams method for calculating the electromagnetic dissociation contributions but increase more slowly as the projectile charge is increased. Cross sections for one-neutron removal reactions are large for the heavier projectiles, ranging up to 707 mb. For these cases a high percentage is from the electromagnetic dissociation process.
Barriers and facilitators to participation of minorities in clinical trials.

Objective: Historically, researchers have experienced difficulties with the recruitment of underrepresented populations, especially for women and minorities to cancer clinical trials. This has lead to marked health disparities among these groups. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate barriers and facilitators that provide explanations for the low participation rate of women and minorities in clinical trials. Methods: A search was conducted for published work in medical and social research from 1995 to 2008 using computerized databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. The following MeSH terms were used; clinical trials, minorities, minority groups, participation, recruitment, research subjects, and neoplasm. This netted a total of 43 articles, 22 of which were deemed appropriate for this article. Findings: Most striking throughout the literature was that barriers to trial participation were reported at an appreciably higher rate than facilitators. Health care provider barriers were captured by two themes: physician triage and physician knowledge. Patient barriers to trial participation emerged as reports of fear, mistrust of the medical community and the burden associated with trial participation. Facilitators to trial participation included physician enthusiasm and good communication skills, a good provider-patient relationship, having a perceived benefit, and feelings of altruism. Discussion: This review provides a background into women and minorities’ participation in clinical research. Patient recruitment into clinical trials is a complex process and there is limited research exploring the optimization of study recruitment. Conclusions: More information is needed to understand the issues surrounding the decision making process of the potential trial participant. (Ethn Dis. 2012;22(2):226–230)
The duration of intermittent access to preferred sucrose-rich food affects binge-like intake, fat accumulation, and fasting glucose in male rats.

Abstract Many people restrict their palatable food intake. In animal models, time-limiting access to palatable foods increases their intake while decreasing intake of less preferred alternatives; negative emotional withdrawal-like behavior is sometimes reported. In drug addiction models, intermittent extended access drives greater changes in use than brief access. When it comes to palatable food, the impact of briefer vs. longer access durations within intermittent access conditions remains unclear. Here, we provided male rats with chow or with weekday access to a preferred, sucrose-rich diet (PREF) (2, 4, or 8 h daily) with chow otherwise available. Despite normal energy intake, all restricted access conditions increased weight gain by 6 weeks and shifted diet acceptance within 1 week. They increased daily and 2-h intake of PREF with individual vulnerability and decreased chow intake. Rats with the briefest access had the greatest binge-like (2-h) intake, did not lose weight on weekends despite undereating chow, and were fattier by 12 weeks. Extended access rats (8 h) showed the greatest daily intake of preferred food and corresponding undereating of chow, slower weight gain when PREF was unavailable, and more variable daily energy intake from week to week. Increased fasting glucose was seen in 2-h and 8-h access rats. During acute withdrawal from PREF to chow diet, restricted access rats showed increased locomotor activity. Thus, intermittent access broadly promoted weight gain, fasting hyperglycemia and psychomotor arousal during early withdrawal. More restricted access promoted greater binge-like intake and fat accumulation, whereas longer access promoted evidence of greater food reward tolerance.
Theoretical Assessment of the Risk of Ocular Hypotony in Patients With Intravitreal Gas Bubbles Who Travel Through Subsea Tunnels.

Purpose This study was conducted to investigate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) in the presence of intravitreal gas bubbles in individuals who travel through subsea tunnels. Methods Using a mathematical model, we simulated alterations in ocular globe shape, aqueous humor flow, volume of intravitreal gas bubbles, and IOP due to elevation changes during travel through subsea tunnels. We simulated five tunnels with different features as case studies. The role of key modeling parameters was further evaluated in a parametric study. Results In three out of the five simulated tunnels (i.e., Seikan Tunnel, Bomlafjord Tunnel, and the Atlantic Ocean Tunnel), the patients were potentially at risk at lower portions of the tunnels since the IOP dropped to values less than 5 mm Hg, the clinical threshold for ocular hypotony. During ascent, the IOP increased to the normal value of 15 mm Hg and in some cases to higher values (e.g., a peak value of 22 mm Hg in Seikan Tunnel). Conclusions Our model predicted that in the presence of intravitreal gas bubbles, the IOP could drop to extremely low values when patients descend to lower elevations in some tunnels. Such low IOP values could cause bleeding and/or retinal detachment. Since many factors (e.g., tunnel specifications and/or patient-specific characteristics) could affect the IOP during subsea travel, caution (beyond avoiding airplane flights) should be taken in advising patients about travel restrictions following intravitreal gas injections. Translational relevance Our findings highlight the potential risk for hypotony in the presence of intravitreal gas bubbles during subsea travels.
Abstract 4350:MAPK1E322Ksomatic mutation promotes cell proliferation via positive feedback regulation of EGFR/RAF signaling

The RAS-MAPK signaling cascade serves as the central node in the transduction of signals starting from the binding of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand to the membrane receptors (EGFR) through to the nucleus. Recent studies suggested that different defined thresholds of RAS-MAPK activity are required for maintaining homeostasis as opposed to facilitating malignant transformation, and that Ras-oncogenic toxicity is quantitatively dictated by MAPK function. We and others have demonstrated that somatic MAPK1(E322K) mutations in MAPK1 occur in 8% of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and 3% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), suggesting that mutant MAPK1 may play an important part in tumorigenesis. To investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the effects of the mutated MAPK1, we transduced MAPK1 wild type and MAPK1(E322K) mutant as lentiviral constructs into the untransformed human embryonic kidney cell line HA1E. We found that cells expressing MAPK1(E322K) exhibited higher rates of proliferation and cellular mobility compared to the cells transduced with wild type MAPK1. However, the cells expressing wild type MAPK1 presented poor cell proliferation compared to the cells transduced with the empty lentiviral vector. Western blot analyses showed approximately two-fold increase phosphorylation of ERK (T202/Y204) following EGF treatment in the cells harboring the mutation compared to the cells expressing the wild type MAPK1. A similar pattern was observed with phospho-EGFR (T669, Y1148, Y1068, Y1148) phospho-cRaf (S259, S338, S289/296/301), phosphor-RSK1, phospho-AKT (S473, T389), phosphor-GSK3β (S9/21) and phospho-STAT5 (Y694), suggesting that MAPK1(E322K) mutation might reinforce the positive/negative feedback loop on EGFR and cRaf. Our data contributes to the understanding of the roles of MAPK1 in the RAS/RAF-MEK-MAPK1 signaling pathway and might help identifying possible therapeutic targets for HNSCC and CSCC patients with tumors harboring somatic MAPK1(E322K) mutations. Citation Format: Jianqing Zhang, Dewey J. Brooke, Jessica P. Blair, Jaques Riby, Akinyemi I. Ojesina. MAPK1E322K somatic mutation promotes cell proliferation via positive feedback regulation of EGFR/RAF signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4350.
Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy: Relationship of Fever and Maternal Morbidity

Objective To evaluate the relationship between maternal fever at the time of hospital admission and subsequent maternal morbidity in pregnant patients with pyelonephritis. Study Design In this retrospective cohort study, inpatient records were reviewed for all obstetric patients discharged from a single tertiary care hospital between June 1, 2011, and May 30, 2017, with the diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Patients were stratified into two groups, those with and without fever at the time of admission. Descriptive statistics were utilized to evaluate the association of fever at the time of presentation with subsequent morbidity. Using admission vital signs, maternal early warning criteria (MEWC) were applied and odds ratios calculated to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Results A total of 110 patients were admitted with pyelonephritis in pregnancy; 24 patients were febrile and 86 patients were afebrile on admission. There was no difference in rates of maternal ICU admission between both groups. Positive MEWC was predictive of ICU admission with an adjusted odds ratio of 16.54 (95% confidence interval: 1.29–212.5; p = 0.03). Conclusion Afebrile pregnant patients with pyelonephritis remain at risk of significant maternal morbidity. Application of the MEWC on admission identifies patients at higher risk of ICU admission.
The Democratic Politics of Job Loss

In this paper, we argue that the disappearance of jobs that served as the backbone of a politically moderate working class fragmented parties on the left. First, we build a simple model of strategic platform competition to show that a decrease in the cohesiveness of the left vote fragments the parties on the left and shifts the enacted policy away from the median voter. Informed by the model, we then present evidence of these phenomena. We construct a new database on the fragmentation of political parties by vote and seat share in the parliament of 35 OECD countries from 1945 to 2017. We show that a 10 percent fall in industrial jobs is associated with an increase of 0.6 parties on the left. This effect is mostly present in Proportional Representation systems, among which the effect is stronger the more proportional the system. No effect on overall or right-parties fragmentation from changes in industrial jobs is observed, as expected. In order to test the extent to which these results are causal, we perform an instrumental variables estimation, which largely confirms the direction of our results. Finally, using the timing of scheduled elections to identify fixed-effects estimates, we provide suggestive evidence that left fragmentation shifts policy focus away from the median voter, as predicted by the model.
Thirty-Day Outcomes after Surgery for Primary Sarcomas of the Extremities: An Analysis of the NSQIP Database.

Background. Primary bone and soft tissue sarcomas are rare tumors requiring wide surgical resection and reconstruction to achieve local control. Postoperative complications can lead to delays in adjuvant therapy, potentially affecting long-term oncologic outcomes. Understanding postoperative complication risks is essential; however, past studies are limited by small sample sizes. Purpose. This study uses a large national registry to characterize the incidence of complications and mortality in the first thirty days following surgical management of primary bone and soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Methods. A retrospective review of patients in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was performed. Cases were identified using diagnosis codes for malignant neoplasm of soft tissue or bone and procedure codes for amputation and radical resection. The cohort was subdivided by bone versus soft tissue sarcoma, upper versus lower extremity, and amputation versus limb salvage. Results. One thousand, one hundred eleven patients were identified. The most frequent complications were surgical site infections, sepsis, and venous thromboembolism. The overall incidence of complications was 14.0%. Unplanned readmission and reoperation occurred after 7.0% and 8.0% of cases, respectively. Thirty-day mortality was 0.3%, with one intraoperative death. Patient factors and complication rates varied by tumor location and surgical modality. Lower extremity cases were associated with higher rates of wound complications and infectious etiologies such as surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, and systemic sepsis. In contrast, patients undergoing amputation were more likely to experience major medical complications including acute renal failure, cardiac arrest, and myocardial infarction. Conclusion. Approximately 1 in 7 patients will experience a complication in the first thirty days following surgery for primary bone and soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. The unique risk profiles of lower extremity and amputation cases should be considered during perioperative planning and surveillance.
Production of Low -Sulfur Marine Fuel

This paper presents the results of testing a catalyst system developed for the demetallization and desulfurization of vacuum gas oil and heavy coker gas oil mixture at a pressure of 6 MPa, a temperature of 360-370°C, and a feed volumetric rate of 1 h-1 for obtaining a product having a sulfur content of 0.05 wt.%. The composition of RMB 30 marine fuel is developed with the application of a distillate fraction obtained from secondary processes and a depressant-dispersant additive in order to bring the pour point to the requirements of GOST32510-2013.