cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Status of the Development of In-Tank/At-Tank Separations Technologies for High-Level Waste Processing for the U.S. Department of Energy

Within the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Technology Innovation and Development, the Office of Waste Processing manages a research and development program related to the treatment and disposition of radioactive waste. At the Savannah River (South Carolina) and Hanford (Washington) Sites, approximately 90 million gallons of waste are distributed among 226 storage tanks (grouped or collocated in “tank farms”). This waste may be considered to contain mixed and stratified high activity and low activity constituent waste liquids, salts and sludges that are collectively managed as high level waste (HLW). A large majority of these wastes and associated facilities are unique to the DOE, meaning many of the programs to treat these materials are “first-of-a-kind” and unprecedented in scope and complexity. As a result, the technologies required to disposition these wastes must be developed from basic principles, or require significant reengineering to adapt to DOE’s specific applications. Of particular interest recently, the development of In-tank or At-Tank separation processes have the potential to treat waste with high returns on financial investment. The primary objective associated with In-Tank or At-Tank separation processes is to accelerate waste processing. Insertion of the technologies will (1) maximize available tank space to efficiently support permanent waste disposition including vitrification; (2) treat problematic waste prior to transfer to the primary processing facilities at either site (i.e., Hanford’s Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) or Savannah River’s Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF)); and (3) create a parallel treatment process to shorten the overall treatment duration. This paper will review the status of several of the R&D projects being developed by the U.S. DOE including insertion of the ion exchange (IX) technologies, such as Small Column Ion Exchange (SCIX) at Savannah River. This has the potential to align the salt and sludge processing life cycle, thereby reducing the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) mission by 7 years. Additionally at the Hanford site, problematic waste streams, such as high boehmite and phosphate wastes, could be treated prior to receipt by WTP and thus dramatically improve the capacity of the facility to process HLW. Treatment of boehmite by continuous sludge leaching (CSL) before receipt by WTP will dramatically reduce the process cycle time for the WTP pretreatment facility, wile treatment of posphate will significantly reduce the number of HLW borosilicate glass canisters produced at the WTP. These and other promising technologies will be discussed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
SY07-3MEDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF ALCOHOLISM THAT DERIVE FROM THE DARK SIDE OF ADDICTION

Drug addiction is a disorder characterized by compulsive drug intake, loss of control over intake and emergence of a negative emotional state during withdrawal. Addiction involves elements of impulsivity and compulsivity which when combined form an addiction cycle that provides heuristic framework with which to identify the neurobiological and neuroadaptive mechanisms involved in addiction, and as a result treatments for addiction. Based on this framework 3 stages of the addiction cycle have been identified that are relevant to alcoholism. These three stages: Binge-intoxication, withdrawal-negative affect and preoccupation-anticipation (“craving”) are reflected in key neuroadaptations that drive and maintain addiction. The binge-intoxication stage includes enhanced habit (stimulus- response) activity in the dorsal striatum. The withdrawal-negative affect stage reflects reward deficits in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) such as dopamine and opioid peptides, but also stress surfeit in the amygdala such as recruitment of the brain stress systems including corticotropin releasing factor, dynorphin and norepinephrine. The preoccupation-anticipation stage reflects impairments in self-regulation mediated by dysregulation of executive function in the frontal cortex. Each of these stages provides a heuristic framework for treatment and can be targeted by existing and novel pharmaceuticals. Both naltrexone and acamprosate are effective medications for the treatment of alcoholism and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the USA. Naltrexone acts on the binge-intoxication state to block endogenous opioids and acamprosate acts on the preoccupation-anticipation stage to block glutamatergic activation. Future medications that focus on the withdrawal-afffect stage and preoccupation- anticipation stage to restore the stress surfeit dysregulation characterizing these stages of the addiction cycle may have high potential as novel approaches to medications development for alcoholism.
Study of GEM characteristics for application in a MicroTPC

The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) may provide a convenient method for obtaining significant electron multiplication over large detector areas. An important potential application of the GEM is for readout of microTPCs. We are conducting a study of a multi-GEM structure with particular emphasis on the following characteristics: gain uniformity/stability, ion feedback and position readout. In particular, we present the first experimental results of interpolating anode pad readout. Initial results provide encouragement that the GEM application in microTPCs may be realized.
Combination-sensitive neurons in the primary auditory cortex of the mustached bat

In the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii, neurons in the primary auditory cortex (AI) have been thought to respond primarily to single frequencies, as in other mammals. However, neurons in the Doppler- shifted constant-frequency (DSCF) area, a part of the mustached bat9s AI that contains an overrepresentation of the prominent CF2 component of the biosonar signal, were found to show facilitative responses to combinations of different frequencies in the pulse and echo. The essential components for facilitation were the pulse FM1 and the echo CF2. The FM1-CF2 facilitation was sensitive to echo delays, indicating that DSCF neurons respond better to targets within particular ranges. On average, the longest discriminable echo delay, based on increased impulse counts due to facilitation, corresponded to a target range of 4.3 m, and the most discriminable delay corresponded to a target 3.6 m distant. Since mustached bats first show a behavioral response to a target at a distance of 3-4 m, DSCF neurons are suited to signal the presence of an insect within this behaviorally important range. DSCF neurons were broadly tuned to echo delay, with the average minimum discriminable echo delay corresponding to a target range of 1.9 m, and the delay tuning of the neurons followed (tracked) changes in pulse duration, indicating that facilitation occurs during much of the approach phase of insect pursuit when target characterization is presumably occurring. These results show that AI neurons in the mustached bat are specialized to respond to complex, behaviorally relevant stimuli during the search and approach phases of insect pursuit.
On the stability of weakly-nonlinear gravity-capillary waves

Abstract A coupled set of equations, initially derived by Benney, is used to study the linear stability of weakly-nonlinear gravity- capillary waves to resonant triad and quartet interactions in two dimensions. The eigenvalue system is discussed for each class of resonances and certain subtleties regarding Hasselman's criterion and long wave-short wave resonances are resolved. The eigenvalue system is solved numerically and it is shown that the triad and quartet instabilities that are separated in wavenumber space for infinitesimal waves may merge for weakly nonlinear waves. Results are compared with approximations due to Benney and predictions of Zhang and Melville.
Machining with high-brightness lasers

Drilling and cutting results using high brightness Nd:YAG lasers are presented and compare with that of conventional Nd:YAG lasers. Materials tested include superalloys, intermetallics, and composites. The master-oscillator-power- amplifier (MOPA) laser system has an average power of 100 W and about 1.2 diffraction-limited beam quality. It is Q- switched and/or modelocked. Hence pulse lengths are in the hundreds of picoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds range, resulting in beam intensities of 108 - 109 W/cm2. It is shown that the shortening of pulse length and the subsequent increase in beam intensity result in much thinner recast layers and heat affected zones (HAZ), less microcracking or delamination of materials, and much better geometry stability. Both the fundamental 1064 nm and the second harmonic wavelength of 532 nm are tested, showing substantial additional advantage for the shorter wavelength.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A History of Cancer Chemotherapy

The use of chemotherapy to treat cancer began at the start of the 20th century with attempts to narrow the universe of chemicals that might affect the disease by developing methods to screen chemicals using transplantable tumors in rodents. It was, however, four World War II-related programs, and the effects of drugs that evolved from them, that provided the impetus to establish in 1955 the national drug development effort known as the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center. The ability of combination chemotherapy to cure acute childhood leukemia and advanced Hodgkin's disease in the 1960s and early 1970s overcame the prevailing pessimism about the ability of drugs to cure advanced cancers, facilitated the study of adjuvant chemotherapy, and helped foster the national cancer program. Today, chemotherapy has changed as important molecular abnormalities are being used to screen for potential new drugs as well as for targeted treatments.
Tillage Depth and Timing Effects on Soil Water Profiles in Two Semiarid Soils

A 2-yr winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)―faflow rotation continues to be the most common cropping system in much of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The sustainability of soils in the region depends on our ability to halt or greatly reduce wind and water erosion. An incomplete understanding of how tilled summer fallow preserves seed-zone moisture for timely fall crop establishment has slowed efforts to optimize tillage techniques for creating profitable and erosion-resistant systems. This 2-yr study created a series of soil mulches at two sites representing major soils in the region. It was found that timing and depth of mulch creation had consistent effects at all four site-years. Tillage performed in mid-June to depths of 10 and 15 cm preserved up to 0.01 kg kg ―1 greater water content than no or 5-cm tillage, an amount of water that can make substantial differences in the germination of winter wheat. The later or shallower tillage treatments produced water contents similar to zero tillage below the 15-cm depth. Temperature profiles at 1-cm resolution demonstrated different shapes under different mulch treatments, which may prove useful in making quick mulch performance comparisons in the field. To optimize the timing and depth of summer fallow tillage, it will be necessary to characterize spring water storage plus the potential for end-of-summer water storage for each soil type.
Flip-chip interconnection technology for advanced thermal conduction modules

Area array solder bumps on silicon devices, known as C4 balls, have been successfully used in terminating logic and memory devices to ceramic substrates in numerous IBM products over two decades. With the IBM System 390/ES9000 series of mainframe computers, this highly reliable chip termination technology has achieved improved interconnection density and total number of chip I/O connections per module. In addition, in the models 820 and 900 of ES9000 series, a novel materials set, namely glass-ceramic with Cu internal metallization along with thin-film redistribution wiring on top, has been introduced for multilayered ceramic substrates. Key elements of advanced glass-ceramic substrate technology relevant to flip-chip joining are reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of device join and replace processes used in advanced thermal conduction modules which also have decoupling capacitors which are attached by C4 solder reflow. Optimization of the top surface metallurgy and device join parameters necessary to achieve reliable joining of more than 70000 solder balls per module is discussed. >
Millimeter wave superconducting receivers

Recent work done at Berkeley on the development of millimeter-wave heterodyne mixers using superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junctions is reviewed. Two types of mixers have been developed; a conventional waveguide system using a resonant cavity and an open-structure quasioptical system using planar antennas and lenses. Using the waveguide system, the lowest mixer noise level yet obtained (within 25% of the quantum limit) at 95 GHz has been achieved. The quasioptical system has achieved a good mixer performance up to 200 GHz, and it has shown promise for use at submillimeter wavelengths. >
Epigenomic functional characterization of genetic susceptibility variants in systemic vasculitis.

Systemic vasculitides are poorly understood inflammatory diseases of the blood vessels that are frequently associated with significant organ damage. Genetic risk variants contribute to the susceptibility of vasculitis, but functional consequences of these genetic variants are largely unknown. Most genetic risk variants in immune-mediated diseases, including systemic vasculitis, are localized to non-coding genetic regions suggesting they might increase disease risk by influencing regulatory elements within the genome. Long range regulatory interactions pose an additional obstacle in localizing functional consequences associated with risk variants to specific genes or cell types. We used cell-type specific enrichment patterns of histone changes that mark poised, primed, and active enhancers, and DNase hypersensitivity to identify specific immune cells mediating genetic risk in vasculitis. Our data suggest that genetic risk variants in ANCA-associated vasculitis are significantly enriched in enhancer elements in Th17 cells, supporting a role for Th17 cells in this disease. Primed and active enhancer elements in B cells can be potentially affected by genetic risk variants associated with Kawasaki disease. Genetic risk in Behcet's disease and Takayasu arteritis might affect enhancer elements in multiple cell types, possibly explained by influencing enhancers in hematopoietic stem cells. Interestingly, our analyses indicate a role for B cells in Kawasaki disease, Behcet's disease, and Takayasu arteritis, and suggest that further work to characterize the involvement of B cells in these diseases is warranted.
Association of Holter-based measures including T-wave alternans with risk of sudden cardiac death in the community-dwelling elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study☆

Abstract Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) can be the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease. Development of screening methods for higher/lower risk is critical. Methods The Cardiovascular Health Study is a population-based study of risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke those 65 years or older. Forty-nine (of 1649) with usable Holters and in normal sinus rhythm had SCD during follow-up and were matched with 2 controls, alive at the time of death of the case and not experiencing SCD on follow-up. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression determined the association of Holter-based information and SCD. Results In univariate models, the upper half of ventricular premature contraction (VPC) counts, abnormal heart rate turbulence, decreased normalized low-frequency power, increased T-wave alternans (TWA), and decreased the short-term fractal scaling exponent (DFA 1 ) were associated with SCD, but time domain heart rate variability was not. In multivariate models, the upper half of VPC counts (odds ratio [OR], 6.6) and having TWA of 37 μ V or greater on channel 2 (OR, 4.8) were independently associated with SCD. Also, the upper half of VPC counts (OR, 6.9) and having a DFA 1 of less than 1.05 (OR, 5.0) were independently associated with SCD. When additive effects were explored, having both higher VPCs and higher TWA was associated with an OR of 8.2 for SCD compared with 2.6 for having either. Also, having both higher VPCs and lower DFA 1 was associated with an OR of 9.6 for SCD compared with 3.1 for having either. Conclusions Results support a potential role for 24-hour Holter recordings to identify older adults at increased or lower risk of SCD.
Older Adult Issues and Experiences Through the Stories and Images of Film

Abstract This article discusses and describes how to use film as a creative, powerful, and effective technique for teaching social work with older adults at both the undergraduate and graduate levels of education. An analysis of student responses about the effectiveness of this teaching pedagogy is presented. The findings support the idea of using film as a technique to engage students in learning about the process of aging.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Workspace Awareness in Software Configuration Management Systems

Workspace awareness has emerged as a new coordination paradigm in configuration management, enabling early detection of potential conflicts by providing developers with information of relevant, parallel activities. The focus of our work is on detecting and mitigating direct and indirect conflicts by sharing information about ongoing code changes. In this paper, we discuss the results of user experiments designed as a broad and formative evaluation of workspace awareness, specifically focusing on whether users detect conflicts as they arise and act to mitigate potential problems. Our results confirm that workspace awareness promotes active self-coordination among users and can lead to an improved end-product in terms of the number of unresolved conflicts remaining in the code.
Determination of cytokine responses using a multiplexed fluorescent microsphere immunoassay.

We used a multiplexed fluorescent microsphere immunoassay to develop a sandwich capture assay to assess simultaneously the production of thymus helper (TH) 1- and TH2-type cytokines in tissue culture supernatant obtained from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The assay then was used to assess the cytokine production of patients with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome and in cord blood from neonates. The multiplexed assay has a reportable range of less than 10 to 50,000 pg/mL. For linearity and recovery studies, R 2 values for the 6
Disease Progression in Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type I (HSAN1) (S26.003)

OBJECTIVE: To further define the rate of clinical progression of HSAN1 in a population of 23 patients carrying either the C133W or C133Y mutations in SPTLC1 using detailed survey data. BACKGROUND: HSAN1 is a rare autosomal dominant, sensory motor axonal polyneuropathy caused by several missense mutations in the genes encoding 2 of the 3 subunits of the enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Clinical features include loss of pain and temperature sensation with variable degrees of distal motor weakness. While the clinical phenotype of HSAN1 has been described in detail, the natural history of the illness has not been well defined. DESIGN/METHODS: 23 patients carrying either the C133W or C133Y mutations in SPTLC1 were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire addressing a series of sensory and motor symptoms as well as the age of onset at which each of the symptoms occurred. RESULTS: The mean age of symptom onset was 26.3 years (range 14-55 years). 20/23 (0.87%) patients reported sensory loss as their initial symptom. 17/23 (74%) patients reported motor weakness. The time between initial neuropathic symptoms and the development of motor weakness averaged 9.8 years (range 0-48, n=11). 19/23 (82%) patients reported difficulty with balance. The latency between first symptoms and balance difficulty was 7.1 years (n=15, range 2-19). 22/23 (95.7%) of patients reported shooting pain. The average age when shooting pain began was 33.5 years (range 21-55). Pain developed an average of 7.7 years following initial sensory symptoms. The development of ulcers occurred an average of 9.3 years following initial neuropathic symptoms (range 0-21, n=15). CONCLUSIONS: Our study defines the rate of disease progression in HSAN1 based on retrospective survey data. An understanding of the timing and symptom latency facilitates clinical trial design and the development of optimal biomarkers. Disclosure: Dr. Fridman has nothing to disclose. Dr. David has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eichler has nothing to disclose.
A microfluidic prototype for scaling-up microbial fuel cell systems

In this work, a conceptual idea of a stackable and scalable microbial fuel cell (MFC) design was validated by using a miniaturized microfluidic system. Eight micro-MFC units were installed along with a common feed microfluidic channel between which the two individual units shared the common organic substrates. This concept avoids the requirement of a complicated liquid distribution system to deliver organic substrate individually to different MFC units, thereby providing a novel approach for easy construction, maintenance, operation and implementation of the MFC stack. This microfluidic experimental device will (i) replace the bulky, expensive, cumbersome-to-operate macro-scale prototypes and (ii) determine critical design parameters/operational conditions for scaling-up MFC systems as a future alternative "green" energy technology and energy-efficient wastewater treatment method.
Not Very Collegial: Exploring Bans on Undocumented Immigrant Admissions to State Colleges and Universities

Anti-immigrant policies are gaining strength throughout the country, but the South is fighting to lead the charge. In particular, southern states are at the forefront of the movement to bar undocumented immigrants from attaining higher education. This past spring, North Carolina instituted a policy banning such students from community college. One month later, Alabama instituted a similar policy. During this same period, South Carolina enacted a total ban on undocumented immigrants attending any state institution of higher education. Also, Virginia, which already had a policy of not admitting undocumented students, extended this policy to deny in state tuition to the American citizen children of illegal immigrants. This essay will argue that although such bans may be constitutional, the reasons southern states give for enacting these bans are disingenuous and do not withstand scrutiny. Consequently, it appears more likely that unstated reasons of racism and discrimination are motivating such policies. If correct, then not only are these policies socially and economically questionable, they are also morally reprehensible.
The Effects of Interest Rates Volatility on Stock Returns: Evidence from Bangladesh

The paper investigates the effects of interest rates on stock market performance by using monthly time series data for the economy of Bangladesh over the period of 1991 to 2012. A wide range of econometric techniques have been employed to analyze the relationship between the interest rate and stock market return. The study reveals a stable and significant long run relationship between the variables. By employing Cointegration technique it is observed that in the long run, a one percent increase in interest rate causes 13.20 % decrease in market index. The estimated error correction coefficient indicates that 0.12 percent deviation of stock returns are corrected in the short run. Impulse response function of the study also affirms the negative relationship between the variables. The result of Variance decompositions suggests that about 99.57 % of the variation in stock market returns is attributable to its own shock which implies that stock market returns are largely independent of the other variables in the system. Finally, Granger causality analysis suggests the existence of a unidirectional causality from interest rate to market index.
Egg production and emergence of adult cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) exposed to different photoperiods.

Laboratory cats were infested with a known number of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), to determine the effects of photoperiod on flea egg production. Photoperiods of 8:16, 12:12, and 16:8 (L:D) h were chosen to represent winter, spring/fall, and summer, respectively. There were no significant differences in daily or total flea egg production among the 3 photoperiods. To determine the effects of photoperiod on development of immature stages and subsequent adult emergence from cocoons, eggs collected during each photoperiod experiment were reared under the 3 described light and dark conditions. Resulting differences suggest that photoperiod may influence the emergence behavior of adults from cocoons.
Psychological reactions to surgery of the breast.

It is a fact that women who enjoy having men see them as attractive take pleasure in having their breasts admired and desired. However, this is but one aspect of the psychological importance of their breasts. Nothing has shown this as clearly as the reactions of women who have undergone augmentation mammaplasty, reduction mammaplasty, and reconstruction following mastectomy.
Carcinoma of the cervix: II. A critical evaluation of patient follow-up

Abstract The value and most desirable frequency and duration of follow-up examinations for a population of consecutively treated patients with primary cervical carcinoma is not well established. In an attempt to judge the value of examinations in terms of improving survival, the survival of patients subjected to follow-up examinations was compared to those not examined and the impact of therapy for recurrence on 5 year survival from primary therapy was determined for 762 consecutively treated patients between 1951 and 1962. The incidence of death and recurrence in patients at risk for intervals up to 15 years after therapy was calculated to determine the most desirable frequency and duration of follow-up examination. Neither the performance of examinations or the treatment of recurrent tumor was effective in significantly improving the 5 year survival from primary therapy. While the incidence of death and recurrence occurring at prolonged intervals following therapy documents the continuing obligation of the physician toward these patients, the optimum frequency of examinations remains speculative.
Writing Cyberspace: Literacy in the Age of Simulacra

Publisher Summary Like cinema, radio, and television before it, virtual reality (VR) articulates information or experience in ways that are fundamentally different from those of speech, writing, and print. VR is hardly non-symbolic, but in a sense it truly is post-symbolic in that it renders the symbol secondary, silent, or invisible. If symbolism is produced by skewing the ratio of the senses toward the visual, then the omnisensory approach of VR might indeed organize perception in ways that takes one beyond the symbol. William Gibson made up the word “cyberspace” for his 1984 novel Neuromancer, as a name for a virtual environment or “consensual hallucination” used by information workers in the early twenty-first century. The root sense of cybernetics invokes a fundamental conservatism, a commitment to preestablished order. Radical post-symbolism is only a tendency in the evolution of virtual reality, not its manifest destiny. VR will not eradicate reading, writing, or verbal communication of any sort. Rather, like other post-literate technologies, it will influence those practices and be influenced by them in turn.
Anthracycline, Herceptin, and CV Toxicity

Pervasive late effects limit the utility of radiation and chemotherapy, particularly in the pediatric setting, where treatment at a young age often leads to lifelong morbidity and excess mortality. While advances in the understanding of molecular pathways related to tumorigenesis have led to the development of targeted therapies, recurrent late effects and, as in the case of trastuzumab, unexpectedly high rates of cardiotoxicity highlight gaps in our current understanding of drug pathways and the mechanisms of treatment toxicity. Here we review the mechanisms of anthracycline activity in tumor and cardiac cells as well as the clinical manifestations with their associated cardiotoxicity. We also describe the cardiac effects of trastuzumab with specific attention to its interaction with anthracyclines.
Increasing locomotor efficiency among North American ungulates across the Oligocene-Miocene boundary

Abstract The proportions of the limb bones of tetrapods contribute to the energetic costs of locomotion. Consequently, they can be used to classify locomotor type and can inform hypotheses about changes in community structure. We examined mechanical advantage in the limbs of North American Oligocene and Miocene ungulates (Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla), with the expectation that the distribution of limb morphologies would change with the spread of grass-dominated plant communities; that is, we expect to find morphological optimization for efficient high-speed locomotion with more open habitats. We assess changes in the occupation of locomotor ecomorphospace (LEMS) through time using measurements of the lengths of stylopods and zeugopods of North American ungulate species. Analysis of LEMS reveals significant changes in dominant ungulate locomotor morphology between Oligocene and Miocene faunas. Oligocene ungulates show less variation in LEMS than Miocene ungulates. Artiodactyls show a significant selection towards cursorial morphologies (p
Highly flexible P(VDF-TrFE) film-based piezoelectric self-powered energy harvester

P(VDF-TrFE)-based piezoelectric materials have attracted interest in recent years due to their application in energy harvesting systems. However, the fabrication process is still complicated and less durable for long-term vibrational motion. Here, we demonstrated a highly flexible P(VDF-TrFE) film-based piezoelectric self-powered energy harvester on PDMS substrate with a simple structure and high sensitivity. This piezoelectric self-powered energy harvester can produce ∼11.7 V (maximum peak to peak value), 3.6 V (average value) and provides a power density of 2.35 nW/cm3 from the device under constant compressible force of 2 N with triggering frequency of 20 Hz without any resonance.
Laterality across the world's languages

Left-hemisphere dominance for speech processing and reading is ubiquitous across the world's languages. However, subtle characteristics of hemispheric asymmetry that were once treated as universal may, instead, depend on specific characteristics of a language. This seems to be particularly true for what has been termed the qualitative nature of processing printed material. This review highlights both the overall consistency and the variability in laterality across the world's languages and suggests how such things as the linguistic relevance of speech sounds, the visual complexity of printed characters, the scanning direction used in reading, and details of orthographic-to-phonological mapping can influence laterality.
Full-color, large area, transmissive holograms enabled by multi-level diffractive optics

We show that multi-level diffractive microstructures can enable broadband, on-axis transmissive holograms that can project complex full-color images, which are invariant to viewing angle. Compared to alternatives like metaholograms, diffractive holograms utilize much larger minimum features (>10 µm), much smaller aspect ratios ( 30 mm ×30 mm). We designed, fabricated and characterized holograms that encode various full-color images. Our devices demonstrate absolute transmission efficiencies of >86% across the visible spectrum from 405 nm to 633 nm (peak value of about 92%), and excellent color fidelity. Furthermore, these devices do not exhibit polarization dependence. Finally, we emphasize that our devices exhibit negligible absorption and are phase-only holograms with high diffraction efficiency.
Heat transfer analysis of microencapsulated phase change material slurry flow in heated helical coils: A numerical and analytical study

Abstract In this paper, numerical simulations and analytical analysis of the flow of a blend of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) in water, so called MPCM slurry (MPCMs), through a heated helically coiled heat exchanger were performed and data are presented and discussed. The numerical simulation results have been validated using experimental heat transfer data. Analysis of the numerical and analytical results reveal that the radius of curvature of the helically coiled heat exchanger have a direct effect on velocity profile and heat transfer rate of MPCMs flows. The results also indicate that MPCMs at low concentrations can be treated as homogenous heat transfer fluids.
Association of In-hospital outcome of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) with etiology among newborns at a tertiary care unit.

Objective To determine association of in-hospital outcome of AKI with etiology in newborns at a tertiary care hospital. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Pediatric Neonatology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of the Child Health, Multan by using non-probability purposive sampling technique from June 2016 to June 2017. A total of 101 newborns diagnosed with acute kidney injury were registered. Etiological factors were assessed and these patients were followed till discharge to monitor in-hospital outcomes. Results Of these 101 newborns, 75 (74.3%) were boys while 26 (25.7%) were girls. Mean age of these newborns was 7.59 ± 6.13 days (range; 1 day to 28 days). Mean age of the boys was 5.73 ± 7.20 days while that of girls was 6.77 ± 6.16 days. (p=0.515). Mean weight of these neonates was 2545.05 ± 600.42 grams (range; 1000 grams to 4000 grams). Mean serum potassium level was 4.94 ± 0.92 mgEq/L ranging from 3.1 mgEq/L to 7.0 mgEq/L. Mean urea level was 73.35 ± 27.65 mg/dl ranging from 18 mg/dl to 206 mg/dl. Mean serum creatinine level was 1.98 ± 0.27 mg/dl, ranging from 1.6 mg/dl to 2.8 mg/dl. Mean serum sodium level was 145.72 ± 12.64 mgEq/L ranging from 126 to 166 mEq/L. Eighty one (80.2%) were term babies while 20 (19.8%) were pre-term babies. Of these 101 study cases, 29 (28.7%) delivered vaginally while 72 (71.3%) through cesarean section. Delayed crying was noted in 48 (47.5%), dehydration 13 (12.9%), sepsis in 36 (35.6%) and renal malformation in only 4%. Neonatal mortality in these patients was 15 (14.9%) while 86 (85.1%) were discharged from hospital after recovery. Conclusion Acute kidney disease in newborns is associated with significant disease morbidity and mortality with asphyxia and sepsis are the main etiological factors responsible. It is predominantly more common in boys compared with girls. Mortality rate was high in our study and it was significantly associated with female gender. Mortality was also associated with elevated serum sodium and urea level.
A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Latino Immigrant’s Ambiguous Loss of Homeland:

Understanding the complex psychological processes that underlie post-migration experiences can assist those settling into a new land. We propose a conceptual framework that examines two distinct em...
Novel therapies in the treatment of noninfectious uveitis

Introduction: Uveitis is a major cause of vision loss worldwide, and noninfectious uveitis (NIU) constitutes the majority of uveitis cases in the developed world. While corticosteroids were long th...
Measuring the U.S. outdoor recreation economy, 2012–2016

Abstract This paper summarizes the methodology and results of newly-released federal statistics describing the U.S. outdoor recreation economy. These new statistics show that outdoor recreation represented 2.2% of the U.S. economy from 2012 to 2016, similar in size to the utilities and mining industries. Boating/fishing contributed $38.2 billion to gross output in 2016, followed by game areas (includes golfing and tennis) ($36.3 billion) and RVing ($30.8 billion). Additionally, more than 4.5 million jobs were generated by the outdoor recreation economy in 2016, resulting in $213.6 billion of compensation paid to U.S. workers. These new statistics provide for the first time a comprehensive and consistent measure of the value of outdoor recreation to the U.S. economy. Any future updates to these statistics may consider adding regional data and a longer time series to provide even more meaningful statistics to researchers and policymakers. Management implications New statistics provide estimates of the outdoor recreation economy from an unbiased source: the outdoor recreation satellite account (ORSA). The ORSA provides a solid framework to measure the outdoor economy and can be used - To show the significance of the outdoor recreation economy - To compare its relevance with other economic sectors - To examine the growth of the outdoor recreation economy over time in a detailed manner - To pay attention to specific outdoor recreation activities and their respective changes over time.
Electrocardiogram Changes in Addison Disease: Potential Clinical Marker for Adrenal Crisis

ABSTRACT Objective: To present a unique phenomenon of a patient in addisonian crisis with electrocardiogram (ECG) anomalies that resolved following glucocorticoid therapy. Methods: We present the c...
Improving Immersion in the Serious Education Games: a new Designing Framework

The game-based learning already is an important research area of the learning technology. The learning outcomes is a critical factor to evaluate the effectiveness of the learning game. Recent studies suggested giving students more immersive experiences can improve learning. In this paper, a new framework of designing the learning games for giving students more game immersive experience is proposed. The new framework is designed based on the considerations of players' habits and complexity of the learning materials. We can use this framework to create a blended playing environments with the arcade game and the serious learning game. Based on the pilot test and using for teaching, the new approach can give students more and better immersive experiences in playing the game and get a better learning result.
Chapter 16 – Homicide

Publisher Summary Homicide has a great impact on the community and the handling of homicide cases entails a high level of knowledge and skill. All homicides are not criminal: they may also be justifiable or excusable. Justifiable homicide involves the intentional but lawful killing of another. Excusable homicide involves one person killing another by accident without gross negligence and without intent to injure. Self-inflicted death is treated by the police as homicide until it can be established as suicide. Criminal homicide is the unlawful taking of a human life. There are two kinds of criminal homicide: murder and manslaughter. Further classifications of unlawful homicide—such as first-degree (in police/prosecutor jargon: “murder one”) versus second-degree murder; voluntary manslaughter (heat of passion) versus involuntary manslaughter (reckless or vehicular); and so on—are to be found in the penal laws of the states. The chapter illustrates how the three sources of information—people, physical evidence, and records—are employed to solve homicides. It includes crimes with no apparent motive in which the killer seems to have escaped undetected (cases that confront the detective with a true mystery), and other kinds of homicides more easily handled by the trained, perceptive investigator.
Health of Vietnamese Older Adults and Caregiver's Psychological Status in the United States: Result from the Vietnamese Aging and Care Survey.

We examined the association between care recipient’s physical, mental, and cognitive health conditions and caregivers’ psychological distress in Vietnamese older care recipients and their caregiver...
Relationship Between Gestational Age and Outcomes After Congenital Heart Surgery

Background Previous studies suggest that birth before 39 weeks’ gestational age (GA) is associated with higher perioperative mortality and morbidity after congenital heart surgery. The optimal approach to timing of cardiac operation in premature infants remains unclear. We investigated the impact of GA at birth and corrected GA at surgery on postoperative outcomes using the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium (PC4) database. Methods Infants undergoing selected index cardiac operations before the end of the neonatal period were included (n = 2298). GA at birth and corrected GA at the time of the index cardiac operation were used as categorical predictors and fitted as a cubic spline to assess nonlinear relationships. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association between predictors and outcomes while adjusting for confounders. Results Late-preterm (34-36 weeks) birth was associated with increased odds of mortality compared with full-term (39-40 weeks) birth, while early-term (37-38 weeks) birth was not associated with increased mortality. Corrected GA at surgery of 34 to 37 weeks compared with 40 to 44 weeks was associated with increased mortality. When analyzing corrected GA at surgery as a continuous predictor of outcome, odds of survival improve as patients approach 39 weeks corrected GA. Conclusions Contrary to previous literature, we did not find an association between early-term birth and hospital mortality at PC4 hospitals. Our analysis of the relationship between corrected GA and mortality suggests that operating closer to full-term corrected GA may improve survival.
Lattice effect in Mie-resonant dielectric nanoparticle array under oblique light incidence

Ultra-thin optical structures, known as metasurfaces, have shown promising light controlling capability at the nanoscale. In this paper, we study their particular case, a periodic array of high-refractive-index nanoparticles with electric and magnetic resonances. The main result of the work is a numerical demonstration that the lattice effect in the periodic arrangement of nanoparticles changes the resonance position even if the resonances are above the diffraction wavelength (Rayleigh anomaly). We show that the disk resonance changes can be achieved not only by varying periods of the array under normal light incidence but also by changing the incident angle.
Evaluation of Implementation and Unit Impact of a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy Guideline: A Model-Based Approach.

BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. To address this, a large Midwestern hospital initiated a practice guideline. Practice guidelines should improve outcomes, but implementation of these remains challenging. At the time of initiation of the guideline, no implementation or evaluation plan was conceived. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the implementation and unit impact of a guideline for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a large academic health system in the Midwest. METHODS Six objectives, guided by the constructs of the Ottawa Model of Research Utilization, were operationalized to evaluate the implementation and unit impact of the guideline. RESULTS The guideline implemented was consistent with national recommendations. Intervention education was inconsistent across provider types. A survey of staff revealed insight into a unit in the midst of practice change. A chart review revealed below-target management of patients with severe range blood pressures. Not following the guideline was associated with hospital readmission. CONCLUSIONS Guideline implementation can be efficiently and holistically evaluated with a model-based framework, even in projects that were not initiated with such an approach. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses provide expertise in model-based approaches that result in comprehensive evaluations of quality improvement processes.
Advanced nanoscale characterization of aluminum nanoparticles with modified surface morphology via atmospheric helium and carbon monoxide plasmas

Aluminum nanoparticles (nAl) have the potential as energetic additives in explosive/propellant formulations. Scalable methodologies must be pursued to mitigate the inactive amorphous alumina shell surrounding the active aluminum (Al) core with modified surface morphology and chemistry for increased combustion effects. This paper explores the feasibility of making reactive core/shell nAl with thinned oxide shells and modified surface coatings via a two-step atmospheric plasma surface treatment process in a custom dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor. The commercial nAl of nominal average size ∼40–60 nm was first treated with helium (He) followed by He/carbon monoxide (CO) plasmas for different durations. The resultant samples were characterized via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectra. HRTEM images revealed sporadic patchy γ-alumina deposits on particle surfaces and in gaps among particles for all samples, suggesting the non-uniform plasma effects of the He/CO glow. Nanoscale chemical analyses via scanning transmission electron microscopy elemental mapping and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy were further performed. Although no carbon-associated structure appeared in electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra, the presence of carbonaceous materials was confirmed as a thin dispersive layer evenly distributed on the nAl surface suggesting either its amorphous nature or is present at a level insufficient to generate satisfactory EELS spectra. The trend of intensity profiles for key elements acquired by drawing lines across a single particle on the elemental maps confirmed that carbonaceous materials only existed on the surface and they were most likely carboxylates that increased with increased He/CO treatment duration, as evident by FTIR results. This work demonstrated the success of atmospheric plasma-treated reactive nAl with comprehensively characterized surface features via advanced microscopy and spectroscopy.
Sinonasal complications associated with endoscopic orbital decompression.

Objective Characterize sinonasal complications associated with endoscopic orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent endoscopic orbital decompression at Houston Methodist Hospital by two otolaryngologists and one ophthalmologist between May 2016 and February 2020 for TED. Patient ethnicity, age, laterality, operative approach (middle turbinectomy vs middle turbinate sparing), and history of prior sinusitis were collected. Results One hundred and forty-five orbital decompressions met the inclusion criteria. Postoperative obstructive sinusitis where herniated orbital fat caused obstruction of the sinus ostium occurred in 5.5% of operations. Patients who had a prior history of sinusitis were more likely to develop postoperative obstructive sinusitis (P = .02). The middle turbinectomy approach was more likely to show a reduced incidence of postoperative sinusitis (P = .014). Conclusion Given the increased difficulty of managing sinonasal complications in the context of a decompressed orbit, efforts should be made to identify factors that might reduce the incidence of postoperative endonasal complications. The current study suggests that resection of the middle turbinate may allow for increased space for orbital fat herniation and lead to a decreased incidence of postoperative obstructive sinusitis. Level of evidence IV.