cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-fitting issues: a need for parent counseling and instruction.

The success of hearing aid fittings on children and infants (children hereafter unless specified as infants) is dependent on multiple and interrelated factors. Although the factors that contribute to positive use of hearing aids in children have not been fully mapped, they likely differ across children as well as in their relative contributions for individual children. Success clearly is dependent on the appropriate selection and setting of the hearing aids. It also is likely influenced by the inherent characteristics of the children, many of which are not readily captured by the assessment tools or paradigms typically used in audiology clinics. Nonetheless, the acceptance and effective use of hearing aids by pediatric patients may have as much to do with the involvement of the audiologist with the family and child throughout the (re)habilitation process, as the acoustic properties of the hearing aids. For example, the audiologist's ability to counsel and instruct parents may determine whether a child's hearing aids are worn consistently and functioning at any given time (Elfenbein, 1994). Studies that have looked at the status of hearing aids on pediatric patients have found that, depending on the performance criteria, 27 to 92% of hearing aids used by children are not functioning properly (See Elfenbein et al, 1988). Given the assumption that there is a direct connection between parent training and counseling, and hearing-aid monitoring, these data suggest that post-fitting services have been inadequate for many children and their families. The implication is that the establishment of successful amplification is a long-term process that must go beyond the determination and meeting of acoustic targets. Additional implications are that audiologists must develop and use good counseling and instructional skills and become an integral part of the total (re)habilitation process which not only focuses on the child, but the child's family and their social support-network. Audiologists must develop individual goals for their patients and assist parents and children in establishing their own goals for treatment, and in so doing consider the factors that impinge upon a child and family after they leave the audiology clinic. That is, audiologists need to extend their influence and involvement beyond the audiology clinic doors.
Forward Scattering From a Rippled Sand/Water Interface: Modeling, Measurements, and Determination of the Plane Wave, Flat Surface Reflection Coefficient

In this paper, modeling results are presented demonstrating that, using an ensemble of forward-scattering measurements from a rippled sand/water interface, it is possible to accurately estimate the plane wave, flat surface reflection coefficient. The modeling effort was carried out in preparation for a sediment acoustics experiment in 2004 (SAX04). Guided by the modeling results, forward-scattering measurements were made during SAX04. The measurement instrumentation and procedure are presented. The plane wave reflection coefficients derived from these measurements are given and compared to reflection coefficients calculated using a fluid model and an approximation to the Biot porous medium model for the sand known as the effective density fluid model (EDFM). The model reflection coefficients were calculated using acoustic parameters determined from environmental measurements carried out by other researchers involved in SAX04. The reflection coefficient data/model comparison indicates that the sand at the SAX04 site is most accurately viewed as a porous medium for acoustic modeling purposes.
A Comparison of Video-Based Resident-Family Communication in a Nursing Home and a Congregate Living Facility

Objective To explore user perceptions of videophone communication in different long-term care settings by comparing interview transcripts of a study involving residents of a congregate living facility (CLF) and family members with findings of a case study involving a resident of a skilled nursing facility (SNF) and family member. Methods Semistructured interviews by telephone and in person were conducted with residents and family members, with both studies using an interview guide with similar questions. Results All themes found in the SNF study were also identified in the CLF data. There was consistency between studies in preferences for videophones (over telephones) for affective-oriented conversations and perceptions of acceptable usability. Both yielded generally acceptable technical quality, although 2 of 8 CLU participants' concerns were likely barriers to adoption. Conclusion Consistency in findings lends validity to the earlier SNF findings and suggests some degree of reliability across these settings. Additional insights were gained in the CLF study, a new context in the resident-family videophone communication literature. The theoretical framework of social presence and communication bandwidth holds promise as applied, but further explication and operationalization are needed.
A 21st century perspective as a primer to introductory physics

Much effort over many years has been devoted to the reform of the teaching of physics. This has led to many new and imaginative approaches in the content and delivery of material. Great strides have been made in the delivery, and the content has been continually supplemented. However, attempts to modernize the basic structure of the presentation have faced resistance, and the majority of introductory physics textbooks in wide adoption today have a general structure that has changed little in over 60 years. Thus, in comparison to biology, chemistry, geology, etc, physics is unique in that its introductory course is not a survey of the current status of the field. In an attempt to circumvent this problem in a tractable way, we have developed a qualitative front-end course designed to create a 21st century perspective that can be embedded into the beginning of a standard introductory physics sequence.
The effects of particle clustering on the mechanical behavior of particle reinforced composites

Particle clustering is thought to be one of the detrimental factors to the performance of particle reinforced composites. In this paper, the effects of particle clustering on the macroscopic mechanical behavior and the micromechanics of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) were predicted theoretically by using the equivalent inclusion method. Two types of particle clustering were examined. The calculation results are focused on the effects of clustering on (1) the macroscopic behavior of the composite, (2) stress concentration, and (3) void nucleation.
Phenylacetylene reversibly inhibits the phenol hydroxylase of Pseudomonas sp. CF600 at high concentrations but is oxidized at lower concentrations.

Alkynes are mechanism-based inhibitors of several bacterial monooxygenases, including the soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) of Methylococcus capsulatus and the toluene o-monooxygenase (TOM) of Burkholderia cepacia G4. In this paper, we investigated the inhibition of the phenol hydroxylase of Pseudomonas sp. CF600 by the alkyne phenylacetylene. Growth of CF600 on phenol and phenol hydroxylase activity were inhibited by phenylacetylene concentrations greater than 1.0 mM. Unlike other alkynes, which irreversibly inhibit a number of monooxygenases, inhibition of phenol hydroxylase by phenylacetylene was reversible, as demonstrated by the ability of washed cells to regain phenol hydroxylase activity. Additionally, phenylacetylene was metabolized by phenol-grown cells, yielding a yellow meta-ring fission product which absorbed light maximally at 412 nm. Phenol-grown CF600 transformed phenylacetylene to hydroxyphenylacetylene and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-octa-2,4-dien-7-ynoic acid as detected by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively, while neither a derivative of CF600 with a non-functional phenol hydroxylase nor wild-type CF600 grown on acetate transformed phenylacetylene. These results demonstrate that the phenol hydroxylase of CF600 has broader substrate specificity than previously reported. They also suggest that phenylacetylene acts as a competitive inhibitor rather than as a mechanism-based inhibitor of this phenol hydroxylase.
Testing: a roadmap

Testing is an important process that is performed to support quality assurance. Testing activities support quality assurance by gathering information about the nature of the software being studied. These activities consist of designing test cases, executing the software with those test cases, and examining the results produced by those executions. Studies indicate that more than fty percent of the cost of software development is devoted to testing, with the percentage for testing critical software being even higher. As software becomes more pervasive and is used more often to perform critical tasks, it will be required to be of higher quality. Unless we can nd ecient ways to perform eective testing, the percentage of development costs devoted to testing will increase signicantly. This report briefly assesses the state of the art in software testing, outlines some future directions in software testing, and gives some pointers to software testing resources.
Psychotherapy for massively traumatized refugees: The therapist variable

In the treatment of severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), much emphasis is put on techniques, especially behavioral therapies. Such techniques negate the importance of the therapist as an individual in the treatment of complex PTSD as presented in severely traumatized refugees. The specific difficulties encountered by this population and the therapist responses are discussed: the need to tell the trauma story and the therapist's ability to listen; the patient's need for constancy and therapist's ability to stay; the patient's need to give and the therapist's ability to receive; the patient's problem with evil and the therapist's ability to believe. Case examples illustrate the approach and then discuss how generalizable this experience is to other populations. Research implications are suggested.
Seeking More Information and Conversations: Influence of Competitive Frames and Motivated Processing

A consistently growing body of research focuses on the concept of framing. The present study contributes to framing effects literature in three ways: the study examines frames in competitive environment, investigates the influence of motivated processing, and the effects on behavioral intentions of participants. The data were collected using an experiment embedded in a Web-based survey of participants employing the issue of civil liberties conflict. The study used a 2 (motivated processing) × 3 (framed conditions) between-subjects design. Findings show that in case of both the outcomes of behavioral intent, willingness to seek information and talk, motivated processing intensified framing effects and specifically so in the mixed frame condition.
Phase Transitions in the LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 System with Temperature

We investigate the phase transformations of layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 at finite temperature with a combined computational and experimental approach. The detailed changes in the ionic configurations wi...
Durable Disease Control with MEK Inhibition in a Patient with NRAS-mutated Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) and chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) are rare hematologic neoplasms characterized by leukocytosis and a hypercellular bone marrow. Although recurrent mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) are frequently observed in patients with (CNL), the mutational landscape in (aCML) is less well-defined. In this report, we describe an 81-year-old male who was diagnosed with aCML. He presented with leukocytosis and anemia but no significant clinical symptoms. Standard laboratory studies revealed the absence of the Philadelphia chromosome. Massively parallel sequencing demonstrated no mutations in CSF3R, but the presence of a heterozygous NRAS-G12D variant (47% allele frequency). The patient was started on treatment with trametinib, an MEK1/2 inhibitor with Food and Drug Administration approval for malignant melanoma. Therapy with trametinib resulted in exceptional improvements in his blood counts and continued disease control with 14 months of follow-up. This case highlights the need for clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of MEK1/2 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with NRAS-mutated aCML/CNL.
On the Publication of New Ideas in Management

Are the leading management journals unlikely to be first to publish important new ideas? Though an empirical question, the issue is of central concern to scholars at the frontier of theory development. Of 15 core ideas in strategy, we found that the leading management journals were almost never the place of original publication and were slower than other management-related journals to publish subsequent papers containing these new ideas. Is this a shortcoming of the leading journals? Or is it appropriate? We discuss current publishing alternatives and the apparent need for a better forum for the scholarly communication of new ideas in management.
The Melt Refining of Irradiated Uranium: Application to EBR-II Fast Reactor Fuel. IX. Sorption and Retention of Sodium and Cesium Vapor on Stationary Beds at Elevated Temperature*

Materials capable of trapping alkali metal vapors at temperatures up to 800 ts C were tested and a number of surface-active materials proved efficient. A sufficient quantity of molecular sieves, activated alumina, or actlvated carbon can be contained in a crucible cover to trap and hold the evolved alkali metal vapors from an EBR-II melt refining furnace charge of 10 kg. The cover design is under development. (auth)
Review of Global Problems: The Search for Equity, Peace, and Sustainability

Although it is listed under the Sociology section on the publisher's Web site and may be easily overlooked by political science professors, Global Problems can be an excellent short introductory te...
On the Symmetric 2-User Deterministic Interference Channel with Confidential Messages

We consider 2-user symmetric interference channels with confidential messages. For the linear deterministic model of this channel, we develop inner and outer bounds for the symmetric secure rate, which are shown to match and characterize the symmetric secure capacity for a wide range of channel parameters. For the achievability, we present a cooperative jamming scheme based on interference alignment principle, which is optimal for all regimes where the symmetric secure capacity is established. For the converse, a tighter outer bound than all previously existing ones is provided for the regime where the symmetric secure capacity is still open.
Analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus producing pigment detected for first time in Ningbo

Objective:To improve the detected rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus,we identified the VP producing pigment by comparing our isolated strains with the standard strains and the strains isolated from patients in the biological characteristics,drug resistance and virulence gene and learn the drug resistance and virulence of those producing pigment.Methods:The VP was identified by Vitek-32 and API20E.The virulence gene of tdh and trh was determined by PCR.Agar diffusion method was used to test the antibiotic susceptibility.Results:The biological characteristics of our two isolated strains are consistent with the standard strain ATCC18072 and the strains isolated from patients our two isolated strains can be confirmed as VP producing pigment.Conclusion:VP generating pigment is relatively rare,which accounting for 7.14% of the total Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated this time.We should pay more attetion to it in future work and it will help us enhance the detected rate of VP.
Quality Control of Blind Sample Test Strains in Food-borne Disease Surveillance

[Objective]To understand the detectability of grass-roots Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) in food-borne disease surveillance.[Methods]Four blind strains from Hubei Institute of Health Inspection were tested,according to GB 4789-2003 "National Hygiene Standards for Food Test","Pathogen Testing Technical Manual of National Food Pollutant Monitoring Network" and "Bacterial Testing for Health and Epidemic Prevention".[Results] The coincidence rate of testing result was 100%.[Conclusion]The detectability of Shiyan CDC is improving,and the detecting basis is quick and correct for disease surveillance.
Giant mastoid osteoma with postoperative high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss.

Osteomas occur throughout the temporal bone and, depending on their location, may cause tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo, and facial nerve paresis. We present a rare case of a 25-year-old woman with...
Nutritional Support of the Critically Ill Child

New techniques for meeting the special metabolic requirements of the pediatric patient and the specific nutritional needs created by different disease states have become available both in enteral feeding and parenteral nutrition. Assessment of nutritional status and requirements of critically ill children are outlined, and the indications, techniques of administration, and complications of the available nutritional modalities are discussed.
Outcomes in Critical Limb Ischemia Compared by Distance from Referral Center.

Background Little data exist regarding the effect of referral distance on outcomes after revascularization for critical limb ischemia (CLI). We tested the assumption that patients who travel longer distances for revascularization procedures have worse outcomes. Methods We identified a retrospective cohort of 300 CLI patients who underwent revascularization between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010 at a single academic medical center. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on distance greater than or less than 100 miles from the referral center. The association between travel distance and outcome measures including length of stay (LOS), postoperative functional status, hospital disposition, patient follow-up, and amputation-free survival (AFS) were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models controlling for patient comorbidities and type of revascularization procedure. Results One hundred eighteen (39%) patients travelled >100 miles for CLI revascularization. The 2 groups had similar baseline characteristics. Overall, 211 (70%) patients underwent an open revascularization, 60 (20%) an endovascular, and 29 (10%) a hybrid procedure. Those living >100 miles away less commonly underwent an endovascular procedure (14% vs. 24%, P = 0.05). LOS was similar between near and far groups (7.3 vs. 8.9 days, P = 0.1), as was postoperative functional status (ambulatory 73% vs. 68%, P = 0.34) and discharge to home (68% vs. 74%, P = 0.34). Long-term follow-up (mean 2.07 years) was similar between distance groups ( P = 0.6). Five-year AFS (73% vs. 56%, P = 0.02) was superior in the distance >100 group. In the multivariate analysis, distance >100 miles (hazard ratio [HR] 0.6, P = 0.05), preoperative warfarin use (HR 0.5, P = 0.02), and independent ambulatory status (HR 0.5, P = 0.002) were associated with improved AFS. Conclusions Patient referral distance did not adversely affect AFS or long-term follow-up after revascularization for CLI. Patients traveling from rural settings for revascularization can expect similar outcomes as patients located near tertiary centers.
Vascular, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Actions of Parathyroid-Related Protein

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the physiology of PTHrP in vascular smooth muscle, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system. In all smooth muscle cell beds studied to date, induction of PTHrP expression occurs in close association with normal physiological stimuli. Application of PTHrP to precontracted smooth muscle preparations induces relaxant activity, precisely mimicking the actions described previously for PTH. The ability of PTHrP to modulate vascular smooth muscle cell growth suggests that the protein might function during the development of the cardiovascular system. Although the cardiovascular system appears to develop normally in the PTHrP knockout mouse, homologous deletion of the PTH1R receptor results in a higher incidence of early fetal death at approximately embryonic day 9–10, coincident with development of the heart and major blood vessels. Transgenic mice expressing high levels of PTHrP and its receptor in vascular smooth muscle, created by crossing the ligand and receptor overexpressing mice, die at day E9.5 with severe thinning of the ventricle and disruption of ventricular trabeculae. PTHrP exerts its vasodilatory actions by activating the PTH1R. This receptor is expressed in rat vascular smooth muscle beds, and relaxation of aortic preparations is accompanied by an increased accumulation of cAMP. The hot spots for PTHrP gene expression are neuronal populations that have a number of features in common, including high-density L-VSCC expression as well as high-density expression of excitatory amino acid receptors and a known susceptibility to excitotoxicity.
Interprofessional education in the clinical setting: A qualitative look at the preceptor's perspective in training advanced practice nursing students

With the shift towards interprofessional education to promote collaborative practice, clinical preceptors are increasingly working with trainees from various professions to provide patient care. It is unclear whether and how preceptors modify their existing precepting approach when working with trainees from other professions. There is little information on strategies for this type of precepting, and how preceptors may foster or impede interprofessional collaboration. The purpose of this qualitative description pilot study was to identify current methods preceptors use to teach trainees from other professions in the clinical setting, particularly advanced practice nursing and medical trainees, and to identify factors that support or impede this type of precepting. Data collected through observations and interviews were analyzed by the research team using thematic analysis procedures. Three major themes were identified: 1) a variety of teaching approaches and levels of engagement with trainees of different professions, 2) preceptor knowledge gaps related to curricula, goals, and scope of practice of trainees from other professions, and 3) administrative, structural and logistical elements that impact the success of precepting trainees from different professions in the clinical setting. This study has implications for faculty development and evaluation of current precepting practices in clinical settings.
THE LAST EUROPEAN: A PLEA FOR A RE‐POLITICIZED BENJAMIN

This review of Alexander Gelley's captivating book follows its attempt to respond to Benjamin's plea to “expound the nineteenth century” and liberate us “from the stupendous forces of history,” using aisthesis, “a weak messianic force,” and “dream visions.” Taking the cue from Gelley's reference to Benjamin's rebellion against “a secret agreement between past generations and the present one” (156), this review attempts to open up the context and to wonder about “the secret agreement” between recent Benjamin scholarship and its own sense of the past. The review pleads with future Benjaminians to start asking questions relating to the twentieth century, and attempts to consider the relevance of Benjaminia for current political analysis and recent trends in critical studies.
Thalidomide Induces gamma-Globin Gene Expression in Adult Primary Erythroid Cells through Increased Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Activation of p38 MAPK Signal Pathway.

Thalidomide has been shown to be effective in some patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), including increases in both the total hemoglobin and in the proportion of the fetal hemoglobin in some patients in clinical trials. Also, it has been demonstrated that thalidomide increases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in embryoid bodies. The mechanisms of thalidomide’s therapeutic effect are still being defined. We hypothesize that thalidomide induce the gamma-globin gene expression in adult erythropoiesis, and that this induction may be mediated by increased ROS formation. To investigate this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of increasing dosages of thalidomide (0.01uM to 100uM) on cell growth, globin gene expression and ROS generation using cultured primary human CD34+ progenitor cells. The effects of varying concentrations of thalidomide on the cultured CD34+ cells, demonstrate a significant increase in cell number at maximum thalidomide concentration of 100uM. Real time quantitative PCR analysis of gamma- and beta-globin gene expression demonstrated that thalidomide significantly induces gamma-globin gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. The averaged gamma/gamma+beta percentage ratio was 12.89% ± 0.11% in cultures treatment with the highest concentration of 100uM thalidomide compared with 3.21% ± 0.07% in Epo alone (P
Associations of Lifetime Trauma and Chronic Stress With C-reactive Protein in Adults Ages 50 Years and Older: Examining the Moderating Role of Perceived Control.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether high perceived control mitigates systemic inflammatory risk associated with traumatic and chronic stress exposures in older adults. METHODS A sample of community-dwelling adults ages 50 years and older (N = 4779) was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Structural equation models tested interactions of lifetime trauma and chronic stress with mastery and perceived constraints predicting baseline levels and 4-year change in C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS There were significant interactions of lifetime trauma (β = -.058, p = .012) and chronic stress (β = -.069, p = .010) with mastery as related to baseline CRP levels. Both measures were associated with higher CRP at low (β = .102, p = .003; β = .088, p = .015) but not high levels of mastery. In addition, chronic stress interacted with baseline mastery (β = .056, p = .011) and change in mastery (β = -.056, p = .016) to predict 4-year change in CRP. Chronic stress was associated with an increase in CRP at high baseline mastery (β = .071, p = .022) and when mastery decreased during follow-up (β = .088, p = .011). There were no main effects of stress or control variables other than an association of constraints with a larger increase in CRP (β = .062, p = .017). Interactions were minimally attenuated (<15%) upon further adjustment for negative affect, body mass index, smoking, and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS High mastery may protect against elevated systemic inflammation associated with substantial lifetime trauma exposure. Individuals who experience declines in mastery may be most susceptible to increases in inflammation associated with chronic stress.
A Dragon Kiln in the Americas: European-American Innovation and African-American Industry

ABSTRACTArchaeological investigations at the Pottersville kiln site in Edgefield, South Carolina in 2011 sought to identify the dimensions of the kiln and any architectural features associated with that structure’s design. Locating and identifying key architectural elements would allow for a better understanding of kiln technology in the American south region during the early nineteenth century and daily operations around the Pottersville kiln. This article provides a discussion of the archaeological findings from those investigations and postulates possibilities regarding the origins for kiln designs in the Old Edgefield District. This research revealed that African-American workers and European-American entrepreneurs constructed a type of kiln at Pottersville that was never seen before in the Americas.
Group-III Nitride ETCH Selectivity IN BCl 3 /Cl 2 ICP Plasmas

Patterning the group-III nitrides has been challenging due to their strong bond energies and relatively inert chemical nature as compared to other compound semiconductors. Plasma etch processes have been used almost exclusively to pattern these films. The use of high-density plasma etch systems, including inductively coupled plasmas (ICP), has resulted in relatively high etch rates (often greater than 1.0 µm/min) with anisotropic profiles and smooth etch morphologies. However, the etch mechanism is often dominated by high ion bombardment energies which can minimize etch selectivity. The use of an ICP-generated BCl3 /Cl2 plasma has yielded a highly versatile GaN etch process with rates ranging from 100 to 8000 A/min making this plasma chemistry a prime candidate for optimization of etch selectivity. In this study, we will report ICP etch rates and selectivities for GaN, AlN, and InN as a function of BCl3/Cl2 flow ratios, cathode rf-power, and ICP-source power. GaN:InN and GaN:AlN etch selectivities were typically less than 7:1 and showed the strongest dependence on flow ratio. This trend may be attributed to faster GaN etch rates observed at higher concentrations of atomic Cl which was monitored using optical emission spectroscopy (OES).
Nickel Sulfide Freestanding Holey Films as Air-Breathing Electrodes for Flexible Zn–Air Batteries

In this work, a combination of bottom-up electrochemical deposition and top-down electrochemical etching strategies followed by a subsequent sulfuration treatment was employed to rationally synthesize a nickel sulfide (NiSx) freestanding holey film (FHF). Owing to the holey structure along with the optimal electrochemically active surface area and active sites, the as-prepared NiSx FHF showed an impressive bifunctional electrocatalytic performance toward both oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. The holey and freestanding features provide the NiSx FHF with promising characteristics to be used as an ideal air-breathing cathode in flexible Zn–air batteries (ZABs). As a proof-of-concept, the rationally designed NiSx FHF achieved remarkable rechargeability and flexibility in a ZAB configuration.
Radiation Dosimetry, Safety, and Regulations

Radiation can cause deleterious effects in living systems. It is therefore essential to assess these effects in humans for a given nuclear medicine procedure involving the administration of a radiopharmaceutical. The damaging effects arise from the absorption of energy in tissues and depend on a number of factors: (1) the activity of the administered radiopharmaceutical, (2) the physical and biologic half-lives of the radiopharmaceutical, (3) the distribution and metabolic fate of the radiopharmaceutical in the body, (4) the fraction of energy released per disintegration from a source region that is absorbed in the particular target volume, and (5) the shape and mass of the target organ. The physical characteristics of a radiopharmaceutical are well established. Information concerning the proper biologic handling of a radiopharmaceutical can be obtained from various experimental studies in humans and animals. Because there are variations from one individual to another in physiologic functions and in the shape, size, density, and relative location of different organs, the factors 3–5 listed above are approximated for a “standard” or “average” 70-kg man.
A Multietiological Model of Psychological and Social Dysfunction in Epilepsy

One of the fascinations, and part of the frustration, inherent in epilepsy research is the multiplicity of forces that impinge on people with epilepsy. Although many of these factors are of conceptual or theoretical interest to those of us involved in epilepsy research, they are often a more immediate and brutal reality to people with epilepsy. For instance, consider an individual, perhaps a 22-year-old man with a high school education, who presents with the following: a history of a significant neurological insult (e.g., perinatal stroke), extremely overprotective parents, associated neuropsychological deficits, poor academic achievement, less than optimal medical management characterized by polytherapy and the use of barbiturate anticonvulsant medications, poor seizure control, and (as a child) a history of considerable teasing and abuse by his peers because of his seizure disorder. What are the important etiological variables, and where should intervention be aimed if the patient is profoundly depressed? If he is unemployed, what are the likely causes of his joblessness, and how should rehabilitation and intervention proceed? Are the biological factors (etiology, seizure control, neuropsychological deficits) the primary determinants of his psychopathology? Perhaps the social factors we have outlined are among the key causes of his difficulties, and it is likely that pharmacological variables play some role as well.
EFFECT OF MEMBRANE LIPID COMPOSITION ON IMMUNE CELL FUNCTION

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the effect of membrane lipid composition on immune cell function. The chapter describes an experiment showing the effect of substitution of effector cells with 18:1 cis and 18:1 trans on cytotoxicity. Memory cells were stimulated with Con A in the absence of any exogenous fatty acid or in the presence of added 18:1 trans or 18:1 cis . The resultant effector cells were collected and tested against 51 Cr-labeled target cells. In all the experiments described in the chapter, the substitution of effector cells with exogenous fatty acid during their generation from memory cells caused an increase in the cytotoxicity expressed by the effector cells in the 51 C r release assay. Conjugates were formed between the effectors and targets by centrifugation of equal number of each cell type, followed by resuspension by vigorous pipeting. At least 900 effector cells were counted in each case. Both stiffening and fluidizing fatty acids inhibit the rate of patching of surface proteins, and both types of fatty acid enhance cytolysis by effector cells.
Living in Fear and Prioritizing Safety: Exploring Women's Lives After Traumatic Brain Injury From Intimate Partner Violence.

There is increasing evidence that women are receiving a traumatic brain injury (TBI) during episodes of intimate partner violence (IPV), but little qualitative research exists around how surviving this experience impacts the lives of women. Primary and secondary data (N = 19) were used with a constructivist grounded theory approach to explore the lives of women aged 18 to 44 years, who were living with a TBI from IPV. Women described multiple aspects of living in fear that shaped their daily lives and ability to seek help and access resources. The central process of prioritizing safety emerged, with salient dimensions of maintaining a present orientation, exhibiting hyperprotection of children, invoking isolation as protection, and calculating risk of death. These findings add to the growing body of knowledge that women living with IPV are at high risk for receiving a TBI and are therefore a subgroup in need of more prevention and treatment resources.
Staggered and In-line Submerged Jet Arrays for Power Electronics Using Variable Area Discharge Manifolds: Part I – Experimental

Increasing numbers of under-hood sensors and power electronics modules are becoming standard in both commercial and military vehicles. In order to function reliably, these technologies require a dedicated and dynamic cooling system, such as liquid jet impingement. An experimental study has been conducted focusing on the utilization of a variable area jet discharge manifold to enable improved spent fluid management. Tests employed expanding manifolds at angles between 2.5 and 7.5 degrees, volumetric flow rates of up to 14.72 lpm (3.889 gpm), pitches of 4 and 6 nozzle diameters, and staggered arrays of jets. A unique method of translation in two orthogonal axes was used to provide experimentally measured two-dimensional maps of heat transfer coefficient. The heat source used simulated a power electronics module producing up to 500 W. Water was used as the working fluid. This spent fluid management scheme was seen to have a notable effect on the temperature uniformity and heat transfer coefficients.
The Prevalence of Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Foreign-Born Refugee Children Upon Arrival to the U.S. and the Adequacy of Follow-up Treatment.

This study sought to evaluate the prevalence of blood lead levels (BLL) in refugee children upon arrival to the U.S. and determine whether they received BLL screening and follow-up according to CDC guidelines. 301 refugee children ages 6 months to 16 years were seen at the International Family Medicine Clinic from 2003 to 2016. Data were collected on BLL, treatment, age, gender, English proficiency, native language, anemia, malnutrition, and microcytosis. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine the association between these variables and BLL. The prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (EBLL), defined as ≥ 10 µg/dL before June 2012 and ≥ 5 µg/dL from June 2012, was observed in 13% (n = 39). Male sex (p = 0.033), young age (p = 0.003), and microcytosis (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with EBLL. Follow-up and treatment for EBLL were lower than the recommended CDC guidelines for BLL and greater education of healthcare providers is needed.
Post-truth and the Search for Objectivity: Political Polarization and the Remaking of Knowledge Production

The United States has entered an era of “post-truth” as even seemingly proven facts seem open to contestation. The contests over facts range from the existential (when conservatives deny climate change) to the trivial (when the Trump administration questions the audience figures of its own inauguration ceremony). This essay combines two literatures on post-truth that rarely speak to each other: institutional political science analyses of American political polarization and STS analyses of “objectivity” in science and public life. I argue that post-truth is the outcome of two interlocking processes that have transformed the American public sphere: (1) the re-configuring of American political identities around the Republican and Democratic parties, and (2) the establishment of an alternative media ecosystem around the Republican Party whose legitimacy derives from its questioning of the “objectivity” of mainstream media institutions. Drawing on STS theorizations of the construction of objectivity, I contend that to recreate an objective public sphere will require an institutional arrangement that is based not on demarcating facts from values—or right facts from wrong facts—but on demarcating people and institutions who seek to enter this public sphere.
Superluminal Laser Gravitational Wave Detector

We propose a gravitational wave detector that uses two superluminal lasers. Compared to the Advanced LIGO detector, the range for detecting binary neutron star inspirals is enhanced by a factor of 19 using this scheme.
Activations of all Bonds to Silicon (Si-H, Si-C) in a Silane with Extrusion of [CoSiCo] Silicide Cores.

The [BP3iPr]Co(I) synthon Na(THF)6{[BP3iPr]CoI} (1, [BP3iPr] = κ3-PhB(CH2PiPr2)3–) reacts with PhSiH3 or SiH4 to form unusual {[BP2iPr](SiH2R)CoH2}═Si═{H2Co[BP3iPr]} species (R = Ph, 2a; R = H, 2b;...
Improving Asthma Care in a Pediatric Resident Clinic Through Use of a Practice Improvement Module

Background: Standardized systematic approaches to asthma management result in increased adherence to asthma care guidelines and decreased medical service utilization. There is currently a gap between provided care and optimal care for asthma in resident clinics, and education tools such as practice improvement modules which can address this gap are not consistently utilized. Problem: There is significant variation in pediatric asthma management in the outpatient setting. Practice improvement modules aimed at improving resident physician adherence to asthma care guidelines have not yet been studied. Objective: Our objectives were that in a twelve month period, that …
Optimal functionalization of a molecular electrocatalyst for hydride transfer

Optimization of hydride transfer (HT) catalysts to enhance rates and selectivities of (photo)electroreduction reactions could be a crucial component of a sustainable chemical industry. Here, we analyze how ring functionalization of the adsorbed transient intermediate 2-pyridinide (2-PyH−*)—predicted to form in situ from pyridine (Py) in acidified water at a cathode surface and to be the key to selective CO2 photoelectroreduction on p-GaP—may enhance catalytic activity. Earlier studies revealed that 2-PyH−*’s instability results from a protonation side reaction producing adsorbed dihydropyridine (DHP*), which is relatively HT-inactive. Reducing the electron density on 2-PyH−* could limit this protonation, with the trade-off that it may become less active for HT from 2-PyH−*–R to CO2. We explore here how Py functionalization affects the electron distribution and in turn tunes the catalytic performance of 2-PyH−*. We indeed find that electron-withdrawing groups could enhance the stability of 2-PyH−* by reducing its electron density on the ring. Furthermore, we find that the change in the number of electrons on the substituting group of the hydride donor is a good descriptor for both the stability against protonation and the magnitude of the HT barrier. We predict that –CH2–CH2F is the best candidate substituent, as it significantly improves the stability of 2-PyH−* with only a small increase in HT barrier. –CH=CH2 and –CH2F also could be promising, although they require further investigation due to a larger HT-barrier increase.
Discursive constructions of racism and white privilege in a U.S. pilot seminar

Utilising discourse from college students who participated in a three-day seminar focused on racism and white privilege that I designed and piloted, this study examines and critiques participants’ ...
REALISM AND THE CHINESE ATTITUDES TOWARD UNCLOS: THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ARBITRATION AS A CASE STUDY

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is a multilateral international agreement that was enacted to set some common rules governing the use and transit through the oceans, in light of their status as a vital resource of mankind. It is one of the most successful multi- lateral treaties ever adopted, with 168 states parties at the time of this writing. However, we can see compliance is not perfect. Case in point, China has started to reinterpret or outright disregard some provisions of the treaty. In particular, its dismissal of the mandatory dispute resolution provision is the most telling example of the latter. But why would a state want to go against a regime that establishes clear rules for all parties, one that is widely upheld. The answer has to do with security. This article argues that we can explain China’s has dismissed international adjudi- cation under UNCLOS if we are aware of what its security interests are and how in so doing it might increase their relative power vis-a-vis other actors in the region. In other words, if we analyze the People’s Republic of China’s actions using the theory of international relations known as realism.
Mechanism of Long-Range Chromosome Motion Triggered by Gene Activation.

Summary Movement of chromosome sites within interphase cells is critical for numerous pathways including RNA transcription and genome organization. Yet, a mechanism for reorganizing chromatin in response to these events had not been reported. Here, we delineate a molecular chaperone-dependent pathway for relocating activated gene loci in yeast. Our presented data support a model in which a two-authentication system mobilizes a gene promoter through a dynamic network of polymeric nuclear actin. Transcription factor-dependent nucleation of a myosin motor propels the gene locus through the actin matrix, and fidelity of the actin association was ensured by ARP-containing chromatin remodelers. Motor activity of nuclear myosin was dependent on the Hsp90 chaperone. Hsp90 further contributed by biasing the remodeler-actin interaction toward nucleosomes with the non-canonical histone H2A.Z, thereby focusing the pathway on select sites such as transcriptionally active genes. Together, the system provides a rapid and effective means to broadly yet selectively mobilize chromatin sites.
Palazzolo and the Decline of Justice Scalia's Categorical Takings Doctrine

This Article maintains that despite the fact that the Palazzolo decision gave the landowner victories by relaxing ripeness hurdles to filing takings cases and rejecting the government's "notice rule"-under which the existence of preexisting regulations would defeat takings claims-the chief significance of the case is the Court's signal that it will reject attempts to expand categorical rules in takings cases. According to this view, Palazollo will be remembered for the decline of Justice Scalia's categorical approach to takings, as reflected in his Lucas opinion, and for the triumph of multi-factor balancing championed by Justice Brennan's Penn Central opinion. A postscript to the Article contends that the Court's Tahoe-Sierra decision, decided while the Article was in press, confirms these predictions.
The most recent common ancestor for Y chromosome lived about 3.67 million years ago

Abstract The origin of human beings is one of the most important questions in science. A combination of numerous archaeological and genomic analyses has led to the widely accepted opinion that modern humans are the descendants of anatomically modern Homo sapiens that originated in Africa about 200 thousand years ago (KYA)1,2. In this study, we reanalysed the mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome DNA of the 1000 Genomes Project3, and found many minority-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Using these polymorphisms, we recalculated the time taken for the evolution of modern humans. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA suggested that the most recent common female ancestor lived about 400 KYA and began to leave Africa about 180 KYA. In contrast, analysis of Y chromosome DNA revealed that the most recent common male ancestor lived about 3.67 million years ago (MYA) and began to migrate out of Africa about 2.05 MYA, a time which is consistent with the expansion time of Homo erectus identified by archaeological research. Based on the findings, we proposed a new migration routes and times of modern human, and speculated that anatomically modern Homo sapiens has been extensively interbred with local archaic human population during their dispersal across the globe.
Chemical Differentiation of Osseous and Nonosseous Materials Using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Analysis.

Identification of osseous materials is generally established on gross anatomical features. However, highly fragmented or taphonomically altered materials may be problematic and may require chemical analysis. This research was designed to assess the use of scanning electron microscopy –energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX), elemental analysis, and multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis) for discrimination of osseous and nonosseous materials of similar chemical composition. Sixty samples consisting of osseous (human and nonhuman bone and dental) and non-osseous samples were assessed. After outliers were removed a high overall correct classification of 97.97% was achieved, with 99.86% correct classification for osseous materials. In addition, a blind study was conducted using 20 samples to assess the applicability for using this method to classify unknown materials. All of the blind study samples were correctly classified resulting in 100% correct classification, further demonstrating the efficiency of SEM/EDX and statistical analysis for differentiation of osseous and nonosseous materials.