cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Oxidative Injury in Pigs With Melanosis Coli

Melanosis coli is a dark discoloration of the colon due to accumulation of pigment-laden macrophages in the lamina propria. Three case submissions were received where rectal discoloration was reported at slaughter in pigs from separate production systems and melanosis coli was confirmed microscopically. Tissues from affected and unaffected cohort pigs were evaluated for evidence of oxidative damage using immunohistochemical staining for 3-nitrotyrosine, 4-hyroxynonenol, and malondialdehyde. Affected colons had significantly greater immunolabeling for all 3 target compounds than unaffected colons (P ≤ .001, all analyses). Hepatic vitamin E levels were low in both affected and unaffected pigs, and there was a trend toward lower values in affected pigs. Given the limited number of slaughter-collected samples available for this investigation, further study is warranted to elucidate the possible association between low vitamin E concentrations and oxidative damage in cases of melanosis coli in pigs.
Congenital lung abnormalities: embryologic features, prenatal diagnosis, and postnatal radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Fetal lung development and the normal fetal thoracic anatomy are reviewed, and the antenatal and postnatal imaging features of various congenital lung abnormalities are discussed and illustrated, with gross pathologic and histologic correlation.
On sampling generating sets of finite groups and product replacement algorithm: extended abstract

The problem of determining the structure of Nk(G) is of interest in several contexts. The counting problem goes back to Philip Hall, who expressed Nk(G) as a Mobius type summation of Nk(H) over all maximal subgroups H ⊂ G (see [23]). Recently the counting problem has been studied for large simple groups where remarkable progress has been made (see [25, 27]). In this paper we analyze Nk for solvable groups and products of simple groups. The sampling problem, while often used in theory as a tool for approximate counting, recently began a life of its own. In this paper we will present an algorithm for exact sampling in case when G is nilpotent. When little about structure of G is known, one can only hope for approximate sampling. In [11] Celler et al. proposed a product replacement Markov chain on Nk(G) which is conjectured to be rapidly mixing to a uniform stationary distribution. The subject was further investigated in [6, 12, 17, 16], while the conjecture is fully established only when G ' Zp, p is a prime. We prove rapid mixing for all abelian groups G. Also, we disprove the folklore conjecture that the group elements in generating k-tuples are (nearly) uniformly distributed. Finally, we would like to remark that the generating k-tuples occur in connection with the so-called random random walks, which are the ordinary random walks on G with random support. The analysis of these “average case” random walks was inspired by Aldous and Diaconis in [1] and was continued in a number of papers (see e.g. [19, 33, 36, 39]). We explain how the sampling problem can be used to test convergence of random random walks.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. A New Mechanism of Action

Background— Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are valuable agents for the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and other cardiovascular and renal diseases. The cardioprotective effects of ACE inhibitors are mediated by blockade of both conversion of angiotensin (Ang) I to Ang II and kinin hydrolysis. Here, we report a novel mechanism that may explain the cardiac antifibrotic effect of ACE inhibition, involving blockade of the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP). Methods and Results— To study the role of Ac-SDKP in the therapeutic effects of the ACE inhibitor captopril, we used a model of Ang II–induced hypertension in rats treated with the ACE inhibitor either alone or combined with a blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) to Ac-SDKP. These hypertensive rats had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as well as increases in cardiac fibrosis, cell proliferation, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression, and phosphorylation of Smad2 (P-Smad2), a signaling mediator ...
Modulation of Cardiac Na+ Channel Expression in Xenopus Oocytes by β1 Subunits

Voltage-gated Na+ channels consist of a large α subunit of 260 kDa associated with β1 and/or β2 subunits of 36 and 33 kDa, respectively. α subunits of rat cardiac Na+ channels (rH1) are functional when expressed alone in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian cells. β1 subunits are present in the heart, and localization of β1 subunit mRNA by in situ hybridization shows expression in the perinuclear cytoplasm of cardiac myocytes. Coexpression of β1 subunits with rH1 α subunits in Xenopus oocytes increases Na+ currents up to 6-fold in a concentration-dependent manner. However, no effects of β1 subunit coexpression on the kinetics or voltage dependence of the rH1 Na+ current were detected. Increased expression of Na+ currents is not observed when an equivalent mRNA encoding a nonfunctional mutant β1 subunit is coexpressed. Our results show that β1 subunits are expressed in cardiac muscle cells and that they interact with α subunits to increase the expression of cardiac Na+ channels in Xenopus oocytes, suggesting that β1 subunits are important determinants of the level of excitability of cardiac myocytes in vivo.
Competitive learning based approaches to tool-wear identification

The tool-wear identification problem suits neural network solution procedures, as the success of S. Rangwala's (1988) back-propagation approach revealed. However, back-propagation lacks flexibility, requires fully labeled training sets (supervision), and needs complete retraining if the environment should change. Its limitations suggest an alternative approach via unsupervised methods; specifically, competitive learning. The relationship between competitive learning and clustering and issues unique to the neural approach are described and analyzed. The results of applying a Euclidean variant of competitive learning to actual sensor measurements reveal the practical advantages of the unsupervised system, which include the ability to learn and produce classifications without supervision (fully labeled training sets). Moreover, the unsupervised system can indicate environmental changes, and easily shift in and out of training mode without complete retraining. >
A note on the generalisation of cochran’s theorem

Khatri (1968) has extended Cochran’s theorem (1934) to matrices which are not necessarily symmetric. An alternative proof of the theorem is furnished here with some generalization with respect to one of Khatri’s conditions.
Trouble in Paradise: Problems in Academic Research Co-authoring

Scholars and policy-makers have expressed concerns about the crediting of coauthors in research publications. Most such problems fall into one of two categories, excluding deserving contributors or including undeserving ones. But our research shows that there is no consensus on "deserving" or on what type of contribution suffices for co-authorship award. Our study uses qualitative data, including interviews with 60 US academic science or engineering researchers in 14 disciplines in a set of geographically distributed research-intensive universities. We also employ data from 161 website posts provided by 93 study participants, again US academic scientists. We examine a variety of factors related to perceived unwarranted exclusion from co-author credit and unwarranted inclusion, providing an empirically-informed conceptual model to explain co-author crediting outcomes. Determinants of outcomes include characteristics of disciplines and fields, institutional work culture, power dynamics and team-specific norms and decision processes.
Altitude Illness on Mt. Rainier—Incidence and Climbers’ Cognizance

Reliance on Technology Among Climbers on Mount Rainier David C. Hile, MD; Jessica J. Walrath, MD; Aaron S. Birch, MD; Lisa M. Hile, MD Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT Objective.—Thousands of people set out daily to climb the world’s highest mountains in hopes of summiting. Although many 3000-m summits are accessible in favorable weather, conditions may turn calamitous quickly, requiring practiced navigation or rescue. Owing to the portability and low cost of many technological devices, many climbers have eschewed map and compass navigation. We sought to evaluate climbers’ reliance on technologic devices, as well as their effectiveness and reliability for rescue. Methods.—This survey study evaluated a convenience sample of climbers and hikers who arrived at Camp Muir, Mount Rainier (10,188 feet). Investigators ascended on 6 separate dates to the study site to collect data. The primary outcome evaluated was the percentage of climbers relying on a technologic device for rescue. Results.—Two hundred forty-four of 308 climbers (79%) brought some technologic means for rescue. However, only 133 (43%) had a nontechnological backup plan in event of device failure. Therefore, 57% relied solely on the functioning of their devices in a rescue situation. Of the 102 climbers who relied solely on a cell phone as their means of rescue, 49 (48%) had service at the time of the survey. Thirty-three of 308 (11%) reported that they had required a technologic means of rescue in the past, most commonly an avalanche beacon (n 1⁄4 13). For the 24 rescue devices that failed, the most common reasons were dead batteries in global positioning satellite equipment and lack of cell phone service. Conclusions.—Reliance on technological devices is becoming commonplace among climbers on Mount Rainier and largely replacing map and compass orienteering. The lack of reliable service for these devices as well as their failures among climbers who have had to use a rescue device in the past is, however, alarming.
The Texas Controversy Over the Cervical Cancer Vaccine

When GARDASIL, a vaccine protecting against the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in June 2006, it sparked political and social debate among legislatures as well as advocacy groups. By drafting and submitting legislation for the mandatory vaccination against HPV for middle school girls in Texas on November 14th 2006, Representative Jessica Farrar (D- Houston) officially began the legislative process in the Texas House of Representatives. In response, tension and protest among political conservatives, religious advocacy groups, parental rights groups, as well as Merck — the pharmaceutical company responsible for the development and sale of the drug — ensued. Proponents championed the pro-life capabilities while opposition groups questioned the drugs alleged safety despite the findings in studies conducted by Merck. The pharmaceutical giant’s modus operandi of lobbying states to implement the use of its drug raised suspicion, as well as, the disclosed and undisclosed cash disbursements to interest groups and politicians. The issuance of the Executive Order by Governor Rick Perry of Texas to pilot state monies toward the purchase and administration of GARDASIL, proved only to intensify the already volatile situation. This method bypassed the normal legislative process, raising questions about the infringement on the democratic process. Inevitably, as the quagmire between social responsibility and political ideologies unfolds, the options for reaching a consensus may prove to be limited. Yet, as competing opponents and proponents strive to make their interests heard, their demands will not cease until a compromise is reached.
Anisothermal Effects During In-Pile Creep Testing of Uranium Dioxide

(1971). Anisothermal Effects During In-Pile Creep Testing of Uranium Dioxide. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 99-102.
Jak Liberalne I Demokratyczne Kategorie Stosują Się Do Rosji? (Democracy in a Russian Context)

Russian democracy is best understood within the context of Russian civilization, by which I mean within the dominant cultural, religious, and social expectations of that society, and the political and educational institutions that have arisen over time to sustain them. Over the course of centuries some very clear notions of what constitutes good political behavior and proper democracy have arisen in Russian political culture. Specifically, a government devoted to economic reform and social renewal, alongside an influential church devoted to social and spiritual renewal, may provide liberal democracies a way to addresses the spiritual malaise that so often accompanies modernization. If institutionalized religion can serve as Russia’s bridge toward a more meaningful modernity, it would bode well for the country’s future democratic evolution.
Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease

The link between calcium metabolism and hypertension, initially developed in the early 1980s, was based on clinical observations documenting an association between perturbations in calcium homeostasis and elevated arterial pressure in humans (1). Reports of this relationship prompted analyses of prospective studies of dietary calcium intake and blood pressure (BP) status which confirmed the association between low calcium intake and higher BP (2,3). The plausibility of the calcium intakeCBP hypothesis was strengthened by randomized trials that initially used calcium supplements, and confirmed that this intervention lowered arterial pressure (2,3).
Mass Salmonella Poisoning by the Peanut Corporation of America

In late 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention first noted an outbreak of salmonella that would ultimately kill nine, hospitalize 166, cause up to 20,000 illnesses and lead to the recall of 4,000 products. Behind this mass poisoning was the Peanut Corporation of America (PCA) and CEO Stuart Parnell. This article provides a background about salmonella and the operations of PCA so readers can understand the criminal wrongdoing and outcome of the criminal trial. Using news reports and information from a former assistant plant manager, it documents the unsanitary conditions and the violation of virtually all Good Manufacturing Practices. These conditions cause widespread salmonella, thus adultrating their product and leading to fraud to cover up the problem.
Randomized gap and amplitude estimation

Methods and apparatus are provided that permit estimation of eigenphase or eigenvalue gaps in which random or pseudo-random unitaries are applied to a selected initial quantum state to produce a random quantum state. A target unitary is then applied to the random quantum state one or more times, or an evolution time is allowed to elapse after application of the target unitary. An inverse of the pseudo-random unitary used to produce the random quantum state is applied, and the resultant state is measured with respect to the initial quantum state. Measured values are used to produce Bayesian updates, and eigenvalue/eigenvector gaps are estimated. In some examples, the disclosed methods are used in amplitude estimate and control map determinations. Eigenvalue gaps for time-dependent Hamiltonians can be evaluated by adiabatic evolution of the Hamiltonian from an initial Hamiltonian to a final Hamiltonian.
Birthmarks of Medical Significance

Birthmarks are common skin lesions found in the newborn population. The most commonly encountered birthmarks include the pigmented, the hamartomatous and the vascular birthmarks. Each of these birthmarks may represent normal cutaneous variants with no clinical significance, while others may portend significant clinical diseases. This review elucidates this distinction and describes the appropriate management of some of the most commonly encountered medically significant birthmarks.
Handling of Pinyon Pine Seed by the Clark's Nutcracker

Clark's Nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana ) are dependent on pine seeds as a food source for both nestlings and adults. Here the authors report on how nine captive individuals open pinyon pine (Pinus edulis ) seeds. Two hulling methods were used: crushing squeezing and cracking the seed coat and separating it from the endosperm while holding the seed in the bill; and pounding, holding a seed between the feet and perch and pounding on it forcefully with the bill until the seed coat cracks. On average, birds crushed 43.7% of their seeds, but three birds pounded over 70% and one crushed over 90%. Seeds that were pounded were significantly wider and had thicker coats than those crushed. Nutcrackers are efficient seed handlers; they use the less costly crushing technique whenever possible, become very proficient at pounding open seeds, and use a very general behavior (bill-clicking) to assess which hulling technique is the most profitable means of opening a seed. The variability in handling behavior documented leads us to suggest that tests of optimal prey choice be based on profitability of prey to, and choice of prey by, individual predators.
Cryobiology of Musca domestica: Supercooling Capacity and Low-Temperature Tolerance

The supercooling capacity and cold tolerance of Musca domestica L. embryos, larvae, prepupae, pupae, and adults were examined. Two-h-old embryos had the greatest supercooling capacity (−34°C) followed by 2-d-old pupae (−24°C), adults (−16°C), 1-d-old larvae (−15°C), and prepupae (−14°C). Significant differences ( P ≥ 0.001) between temperatures of crystallization means were observed among and within several stages. Age within a developmental stage was critical to survival at the treatment temperatures tested. The 50% mortality levels of the five developmental stages exposed to 10, 5, 0, and −5°C were determined and compared with the supercooling capacity. At temperatures above O°C, pupae were the most cold tolerant, followed by adults, larvae and prepupae, and embryos. However, at −5°C, 10- and 12-h-old embryos were able to tolerate the longest exposure, followed by pupae, larvae, prepupae, and adults. With this insect, the temperature of crystallization is not a reliable indicator of the lowest lethal temperature.
Uridine-cytidine kinase. IV. Kinetics of the competition between 5-azacytidine and the two natural substrates.

Dual-substrate kinetics have been used to demonstrate that the phosphorylation of 5-azacytidine by a purified preparation of uridine-cytidine kinase is competitive with that of the natural substrates. When 5-azacytidine was combined with either uridine or cytidine in the reaction, the kinetic patterns observed were consistent with the theoretical plots for a single enzyme catalyzing both phosphorylations. In experiments with uridine plus 5-azacytidine, the patterns were those for alternate substrates with significantly disparate Vmax values (Vmax, uridine = 1.82 µmoles phosphorylated/min/mg protein; Vmax, azacytidine = 1.11 µmoles phosphorylated/min/mg protein). In the phosphorylation of cytidine plus 5-azacytidine, the pattern seen was that for alternate substrates with equivalent Vmax values (Vmax, cytidine = 0.97 µmoles phosphorylated/min/mg protein). Furthermore, 5-azacytidine could be shown to be a competitive inhibitor of cytidine phosphorylation, albeit at high ratios of analogue to normal substrate. Apparent Km’S were found to be: uridine, 0.135 mM; cytidine, 0.067 mM; 5-azacytidine, 8.09 mM. From the kinetic patterns in the dual substrate experiments, it can be concluded that all three nucleosides are phosphorylated by the same enzyme, presumably at a single catalytic site.
Multimodal Visual Pattern Mining with Convolutional Neural Networks

In this paper we describe a novel framework and algorithms for discovering image patch patterns from a large corpus of weakly supervised image-caption pairs generated from news events. Current pattern mining techniques attempt to find patterns that are representative and discriminative, we stipulate that our discovered patterns must also be recognizable by humans and preferably with meaningful names. We propose a new multimodal pattern mining approach that leverages the descriptive captions often accompanying news images to learn semantically meaningful image patch patterns. The mutltimodal patterns are then named using words mined from the associated image captions for each pattern. Our methods also discover named patterns beyond those covered by the existing image datasets like ImageNet. To the best of our knowledge this is the first algorithm developed to automatically mine image patch patterns that have strong semantic meaning specific to high-level news events, and then evaluate these patterns based on that criteria.
The Mechanism of The Oxidative Coupling of Methane: Evidence That Ethylene Is A Primary Product

The oxidative coupling of methane was studied over a MgO supported Bi-P-K oxide catalyst. When CD 4 was substituted for CH 4 , the reaction exhibited a kinetic isotope effect as expected, but the D-distribution in ethylene could not be explained by assuming the sole pathway to ethylene was via ethane. The results suggest that ethylene can be produced as a primary product as well as a secondary product.
Expression and regulation of ANP receptor subtypes in rat renal glomeruli and papillae.

The expression and regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor subtypes were examined in rat renal glomeruli and papillae. In glomeruli, approximately two-thirds of ANP binding sites represented guanylate cyclase-uncoupled ANP clearance receptors (ANPc) with a molecular mass of 64 kDa under reducing conditions. The remainder of glomerular ANP binding sites represented guanylate cyclase-coupled ANP receptors (ANPGC) with a molecular mass of 130 kDa. In rat papillae, only the 130-kDa ANPGC was expressed. In rats adapted to a low-salt diet, saline loading or acute ANP infusion resulted in a decrease in ANPC density, a difference that was not detected when glomeruli were first acidwashed to remove endogenous ANP, indicating that apparent regulation of ANPC reflected prior occupancy by endogenous ANP. Densities of glomerular ANPC and ANPGC were similar in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with those of the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. However, elimination of prior receptor occupancy re...
Student Perceptions on Classroom to Corporation Transitional Marketing Activities

The competition for students to land a full-time position in marketing is challenging. As such, the collegiate marketing curriculum should include activities that prepare students for the professional workplace and that build resume credentials beyond a college degree. Applying course concepts in a professional setting also assists students in connecting theory and practice. Initiatives that adequately equip students with professional skills and experiences that make them attractive job applicants are critical in marketing where the demands for competency and execution are high (Schlee and Harich 2010).
The Modernization of Journalism

Four months after the new century began, the halfpenny Daily Express, the most Americanized newspaper to appear in Britain up to that time, commenced publication. Founded by Charles Arthur Pearson, its most illustrious days lay ahead of it after Beaverbrook gained financial control during the First World War and Arthur Christiansen became editor in 1933. Yet from the outset, it plowed new ground with a front page given over to news (“nothing like having your best goods in the shop-front window,” observed Stead1), and it rapidly amassed a readership of several hundred thousand. Its selling points were derived almost entirely from transatlantic models. Pearson was an enthusiast for all things American and he visited the United States several times before launching his newspaper. As early as 1895 he had conceived of publishing a daily paper in London that was to be aimed primarily at American readers. Nothing resulted from this project, but from the very outset the Daily Express was an “American-style” product transplanted to British shores, as became evident in 1902 when Blumenfeld was appointed editor.
THE GATT MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS

This chapter focuses on the general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) multilateral trade negotiations. Reductions in tariff barriers were negotiated in successive rounds under the auspices of the GATT. Major quantitative restrictions of developed market economy countries were reduced or eliminated in the early post-war period under the aegis of the organization for economic cooperation and development, although a number of restrictions remained. The GATT was based on the premise that trade liberalization and reliance on market forces would bring about an adequate distribution of the benefits of economic growth. The multilateral trade negotiations were formally launched by a declaration adopted on 14 September 1973 by the representatives of 102 countries at a ministerial meeting in Tokyo. It was the fourth session of the committee, in February 1975 that marked the beginning of the actual negotiating process. At that session, the committee established six specialized working groups, each of which is to lay the ground for detailed negotiations in its area of responsibility.
Incremental Hemodialysis: How I Do It

Incremental hemodialysis (incrHD) is not widely used nor is it well understood. In addition, and perhaps with more impact, governmental regulations in the United States and their consequential influences on dialysis provider organizations have made the practice of incrHD more difficult than traditional thrice weekly in-center HD. IncrHD is critically dependent on the amount of residual kidney function (RKF) as well as the individualized goals of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) management. RKF has to be assessed frequently and dialysis adjusted accordingly. Home HD lends itself to an incremental approach more so than in-center HD. This may be due to more experience of the provider, more knowledge of the therapy by the patient and family, the availability of dialysis platforms conducive to incrHD, and/or that its less onerous regulation by the government. I have had a long and successful experience performing incremental dialysis (both peritoneal and hemodialysis) and share here my practice strategies and approaches for incrHD.
Abstract B083: Novel mRNA manufacturing techniques using modification of nucleosides and purification improves the efficacy of mRNA chimeric antigen receptor T cells

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells made with mRNA offer a transient and safe alternative to viral CARs, mitigating the concern for persistent unwanted side effects from constitutively active T-cells. Previous studies have shown that mRNA CARs are transiently effective, but lack CAR persistence and have struggled to show success across tumor types. We hypothesized the efficacy of mRNA CARs could be improved by utilizing recent advancements in RNA technology including the use of modified nucleosides and novel purification methods of the RNA to prevent double stranding that induces toxicity. Using the established CD19 CAR model in B-cell leukemia, we created mRNA CARs using previously described methods and compared them to mRNA CARs created using the modifications of pseudo-uridine or N-methyl pseudo-uridine instead of uridine, and purification to remove any aberrant double stranded mRNA. Comparing the modified and purified mRNA CAR T cells to those created using prior methods of making mRNA, the novel mRNA CAR T cells showed a two-fold increase in expression of the CAR on their surface initially, as well as a two-fold improvement in cytotoxic killing of leukemia cells that persisted for up to five days. The modified and purified mRNA CAR T cells also showed reduced expression of negative checkpoint regulators compared to original RNA CAR T cells. In vivo studies using a leukemia mouse model with a single dose of CAR T cells also showed marked improvement using modified and purified mRNA CAR T cells, with purified RNA showing the most robust 2-log enhanced suppression of leukemic burden. Our results provide a novel technique that can be easily incorporated into RNA production for use in clinical trials, and poise RNA CARs for increased efficacy as new CAR targets emerge and are being tested. Citation Format: Jessica Foster, Namrata Choudhari, David Barrett, Adam Resnick. Novel mRNA manufacturing techniques using modification of nucleosides and purification improves the efficacy of mRNA chimeric antigen receptor T cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B083.
Skyshine interference with radiation detection systems

Skyshine, the radiation scattered from the air above a source, such as radiography or x-ray imaging sources, can produce interference with radiation detection systems even at very large distances. Skyshine has been studied for many years, but almost entirely within the context of nuclear power and radioactive waste storage. Those studies showed that modeling of skyshine must take into account multiple scatterings and the corresponding large volumes of air. This paper reports on results from various mitigation approaches to the skyshine interference problem as it affects radiation detection systems.
Synthesis and characterization of Cu 3 SbS 4 nanoparticles for solution-based thin film solar cells

Thin films-based solar cells present several advantages over tradition vacuum based approaches, including flexible and cost-effective processing. Producing nanoparticle inks with uniform properties is a crucial step for manufacturing efficient solution-processed solar cells. The famatinite phase of copper antimony sulfide (Cu 3 SbS 4 ) nanoparticles was synthesized using hot-injection methods. Hot-injection allows rapid burst of nucleation causing formation of highly uniform particles. Optimization of synthesis conditions led to selective formation of the famatinite phase without the presence of other phases of the Cu-Sb-S system or binary sulfides as impurities. Nanoparticles solutions had an absorption onset at approximately 0.9 eV.
Return to sport after shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

With increasing incidence and indications for shoulder arthroplasty, there is an increasing emphasis on the ability to return to sports. The main goal of this study was to determine the rate of return to sport after shoulder arthroplasty. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to perform this systematic review and meta-analysis. A search was performed on MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies checklist. The main judgement outcome was the rate of return to sports activity after shoulder arthroplasty and the level of play upon return (identical or higher/lower level). Thirteen studies were reviewed, including 944 patients (506 athletes), treated with shoulder arthroplasty at an average follow-up of 5.1 years (range, 0.5–12.6 years). The most common sports were swimming (n = 169), golf (n = 144), fitness sports (n = 71), and tennis (n = 63). The overall rate of return to sport was 85.1% (95% CI, 76.5–92.3%), including 72.3% (95% CI, 60.6–82.8%) returning to an equivalent or improved level of play, after 1–36 months. Patients undergoing anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty returned at a significantly higher rate (92.6%) compared to hemiarthroplasty (71.1%, p = 0.02) or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (74.9%, p = 0.003). Most patients are able to return to one or more sports following shoulder arthroplasty, with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty having the highest rate of return. IV.
Identifying Barriers and Pathways to Success for New Occupational Therapy Faculty Members: A Pilot Survey

Research suggests new health care professional faculty members benefit from assistance and support in the transition from the clinic to academia; however, few recent studies have been conducted to determine if this is true for occupational therapy. This descriptive pilot study explores the barriers that may face new occupational therapy faculty members and suggests strategies to assist new faculty members in their transition to academia. Through an electronic survey, identified barriers, challenges, and potential resolutions for the transitioning of new faculty members are highlighted. The results suggest the need for enhanced preparations for a career in academia; as well as new faculty member orientations that include instruction on professional development, classroom management, academic culture, scholarship, and mentoring.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Tracheal Dehiscence Post–Tracheal Resection Surgery:

We present a case of a patient with complete tracheal dehiscence and multiple false passages after recent tracheal resection and anastomosis. Loss of tracheal continuity after disruption of anastomosis with distal stump retraction presents a unique anesthetic challenge given lack of access to the trachea and the need for adequate anesthesia and analgesia for surgical neck dissection. Traditional airway management, including awake fiberoptic intubation, intubation via direct laryngoscopy, needle cricothyrotomy, and awake tracheostomy are not viable options. Using total intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation, surgeons dissected the neck, retrieved the distal tracheal stump, repaired the trachea, and formalized the tracheostomy. We highlight the importance of recognizing the symptoms of a tracheal rupture, understanding the extreme limitation of securing the airway with traditional techniques, and discuss the alternative techniques including use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to avoid airway management. Awareness of increased mortality risk with tracheal reoperation and the significance of close communication between the anesthesiologists, the surgeons, and the patient is necessary for successful management.
Prognostication in Philadelphia Chromosome Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: a Review of the Recent Literature

The prognosis for patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is highly variable. All Ph-negative MPNs carry an increased risk for thrombotic complications, bleeding, and leukemic transformation. Several clinical, biological, and molecular prognostic factors have been identified in recent years, which provide important information in guiding management of patients with Ph-negative MPNs. In this review, we critically evaluate the recent published literature and discuss important new developments in clinical and molecular factors that impact survival, disease transformation, and thrombosis in patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Recent studies have identified several clinical factors and non-driver mutations to have prognostic impact on Ph-negative MPNs independent of conventional risk stratification and prognostic models. In polycythemia vera (PV), leukocytosis, abnormal karyotype, phlebotomy requirement on hydroxyurea, increased bone marrow fibrosis, and mutations in ASXL1, SRSF2, and IDH2 were identified as additional adverse prognostic factors. In essential thrombocythemia (ET), JAK2 V617F mutation, splenomegaly, and mutations in SH2B3, SF3B1, U2AF1, TP53, IDH2, and EZH2 were found to be additional negative prognostic factors. Bone marrow fibrosis and mutations in ASXL1, SRSF2, EZH2, and IDH1/2 have been found to be additional prognostic factors in primary myelofibrosis (PMF). CALR mutations appear to be a favorable prognostic factor in PMF, which has not been clearly demonstrated in ET. The prognosis for patients with PV, ET, and PMF is dependent upon the presence or absence of several clinical, biological, and molecular risk factors. The significance of additional risk factors identified in these recent studies will need further validation in prospective studies to determine how they may be best utilized in the management of these disorders.
The EPAC-Rap1 pathway prevents and reverses cytokine-induced retinal vascular permeability.

Increased retinal vascular permeability contributes to macular edema, a leading cause of vision loss in eye pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and central retinal vein occlusions. Pathological changes in vascular permeability are driven by growth factors such as VEGF and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. Identifying the pro-barrier mechanisms that block vascular permeability and restore the blood–retinal barrier (BRB) may lead to new therapies. The cAMP-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (EPAC) exchange-protein directly activated by cAMP promotes exchange of GTP in the small GTPase Rap1. Rap1 enhances barrier properties in human umbilical endothelial cells by promoting adherens junction assembly. We hypothesized that the EPAC–Rap1 signaling pathway may regulate the tight junction complex of the BRB and may restore barrier properties after cytokine-induced permeability. Here, we show that stimulating EPAC or Rap1 activation can prevent or reverse VEGF- or TNF-α–induced permeability in cell culture and in vivo. Moreover, EPAC activation inhibited VEGF receptor (VEGFR) signaling through the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway. We also found that Rap1B knockdown or an EPAC antagonist increases endothelial permeability and that VEGF has no additive effect, suggesting a common pathway. Furthermore, GTP-bound Rap1 promoted tight junction assembly, and loss of Rap1B led to loss of junctional border organization. Collectively, our results indicate that the EPAC–Rap1 pathway helps maintain basal barrier properties in the retinal vascular endothelium and activation of the EPAC–Rap1 pathway may therefore represent a potential therapeutic strategy to restore the BRB.
Impact of Guidelines on Healthcare from the Patient and Payor Perspective

Clinical practice relies on structured learning that is applied to a patient care setting. Patients present with symptoms and providers try to fit these complaints into known disease categories. Providers depend on memorized algorithms to direct diagnosis and treatment. Well thought-out guidelines developed by professional societies and based on the best available evidence have become the standard in modern medical care. Guidelines are developed to assist practitioners in making appropriate healthcare decisions, to help standardize medical care and improve quality. Guidelines attempt to change practice behavior towards an established norm when evidence is available or toward a consensus opinion when randomized trials are lacking. Patients seeking medical care expect that their practitioner is providing up-to-date, quality medical care. The payors of this care are also interested in quality but must pay attention to medical costs. Both the patient and the payor are invested in providers who use the best available evidence in providing care that is clearly based on guideline development and dissemination. The American Pain Society (APS) has written three practice guidelines, the most recent of which is the Guideline for the Management of Pain in Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Juvenile Chronic Arthritis, published in 2002. Based on high quality research, when available, and consensus opinion from opinion leaders, these guidelines are endorsed throughout the world’s medical community. Like any other guidelines, the goal is to standardize care and improve quality. The future will bring more development of guidelines like those from the APS. As studies improve and trials show more effective treatment paradigms, well researched, appropriately designed guidelines will emerge which are structured for busy practices. But this will not be enough; providers need to be made aware of the guidelines, educated on their use, shown appropriate studies documenting efficacy, given simple strategies to implement these guidelines, repeatedly reminded of the appropriate care and, finally, monitored for compliance. For guidelines to be effective they must be tested, disseminated, and their impact on healthcare outcomes must be assessed. Payors want evidence of the value for their expenditures and guidance by professional societies in allocating limited resources. At the same time, payors are struggling with quality issues. Guidelines can help standardize care that may also be more cost effective as well as satisfy quality concerns from regulatory agencies and the public. Understanding where guidelines make an impact and why resistance develops to well meaning, expert based documents will help us in our disease management efforts.
Robustly Adjusting Indoor Drip Irrigation Emitters with the Toyota HSR Robot

Indoor plants in homes and commercial buildings such as malls, offices, airports, and hotels, can benefit from precision irrigation to maintain healthy growth and reduce water consumption. As active valves are too costly, and ongoing precise manual adjustment of drip emitters is impractical, we explore how the Toyota HSR mobile manipulator robot can autonomously adjust low-cost passive emitters. To provide sufficient accuracy for gripper alignment, we designed a lightweight, modular Emitter Localization Device (ELD) with cameras and LEDs that can be non-invasively mounted on the arm. This paper presents details of the design, algorithms, and experiments with adjusting emitters using a two-phase procedure: 1) aligning the robot base using the build-in hand camera, and 2) aligning the gripper axis with the emitter axis using the ELD. We report success rates and sensitivity analysis to tune computer vision parameters and joint motor gains. Experiments suggest that emitters can be adjusted with 95 % success rate in approximately 20 seconds.
Rewriting the history of the urban revolutionary: Documentary film and human rights activism in post-dirty war society

During the 1970s and early 1980s, the Mexican government launched a counterinsurgency campaign or “Dirty War” against rural and urban revolutionary organizations. Today, the search for truth, reconciliation and justice for victims remains a strong issue. Since the declassification of spy reports and government documents in early 2000, scholars and non-academics have published numerous articles, books, other studies that analyse the Mexican “Dirty War” from different angles. This chapter looks at the interplay between cinema and current memory struggles in Mexico. It specifically analyes how recent documentary films and their usage of testimonies present a counter-narrative that challenges the State’s official story, offer a platform for survivors to recount experiences, and raise awareness about the human rights abuses performed by the State.
Abnormal emotional reactivity in depression: Contrasting theoretical models using neurophysiological data.

Abstract Several theoretical models of aberrant emotional experiences in depression have been suggested. These models include potentiated reactivity to negatively-valenced stimuli, attenuated reactivity to positively-valenced stimuli, and attenuated emotional reactivity across contexts (termed emotion-context insensitivity). It is unclear if these models apply uniquely to depression or if they can explain other closely related symptoms, such as anxiety or general negative affect. The current study (N = 122) is the first to utilize structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques on neurophysiological data (event-related potentials, or ERPs) to empirically compare these theoretical models, thereby integrating perspectives from clinical psychology with affective neuroscience and advanced statistical techniques. We recorded ERPs during a passive viewing emotional task. Correlational analyses revealed several small, non-significant negative relationships between depression symptoms and emotional reactivity to both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli. However, SEM analyses revealed significantly attenuated emotional reactivity, to both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli, for depressive symptomatology. These relationships were specific to depression and did not apply to anxiety or internalizing symptoms broadly. Model comparisons revealed support for the emotional-context insensitivity hypothesis. Findings from this study are evidence in support of marrying novel techniques (here, SEM and ERPs) to test important theoretical questions regarding internalizing symptomatology.
On the origin and propagation of perturbations that cause shock train inherent unsteadiness

In constant area back pressured ducts, shock trains exhibit inherent unsteadiness where the shock system fluctuates about its time-averaged position despite constant bulk inflow and outflow conditions. In this work, the underlying causes of inherent unsteadiness are identified and the flow dynamics of the system is studied for a shock train in a Mach 2.0 ducted flow that is mechanically back pressured. High-speed schlieren movies and pressure measurements are collected to quantify the shock system fluctuations. Cross-spectral analysis of this data is used to identify specific perturbations, i.e. the fluid phenomena that impact the shock train motion. Key information about each perturbation is also obtained, including where it originates, what direction it travels and how it impacts each shock. Oil flow visualization and particle image velocimetry are then used to gain insight into the physical structure of perturbations and the flow phenomena that generate them. The results identify a complex, frequency-dependent dynamical system that is influenced by (i) upstream propagating acoustic waves that emanate from separation bubbles, (ii) vortices that shed from separation bubbles and convect downstream and (iii) upstream propagating acoustic waves generated in the diffuser. With this information, a scaling argument for the shock train inherent unsteadiness is presented.
Exercise training-induced enhancement of coronary vasodilatory function is absent in rats lacking the transcription factor, Nrf2

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is crucial in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Aerobic exercise training has been reported to enhance vasodi...
EXPANDING BENEVOLENT AGEISM: MEASURING EXPERIENCES OF OLDER ADULTS

Benevolent ageism has recently been recognized as a form of patronizing treatment that older adults experience because of the kind and incompetent age stereotype proposed by the Stereotype Content Model. However, there is limited research that examines older adults’ experiences with patronizing treatment. The aim of this study was to conceptualize benevolent ageism based on older adults’ experiences with items from an existing measure of ageism, the Ambivalent Ageism Scale, and additional items created by us that expand the measurement of benevolent ageist behaviors. In an internet-based sample of older adults who were 65 years old and older (N =135), the benevolent subscale of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale with our additional 10 items demonstrated excellent reliability (α = .90). An exploratory factor analysis cleanly yielded a 4-factor solution that mirrored previous findings, (1) hostile ageism, (2) unwanted help, (3) cognitive assistance/protection, while introducing a new factor of (4) condescending endearment. The findings from this study have widened the scope with which ageism is viewed by examining older adults’ experiences with ageism and conceptualizing characteristics of benevolence that older adults may face due to the widespread belief that they are kind and incompetent. The validation of a scale measuring individuals’ experiences with ageism will provide insight as to whether older adults experience ageist behaviors that people report endorsing and if older adults receive unnecessary offers of help. A recipient’s perspective of ageism will aid in the understanding of the insidious and benevolent characteristics of ageism within society.