cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Internalization and Compliance with Human Rights Law

In earlier work, we argue that acculturation is a distinct social process by which international law infl uences states and that human rights law might harness this mechanism in designing effective global regimes. In this article, we consider an important objection to our work. The concern is whether acculturation institutionalizes non-compliance. The growing body of empir- ical evidence for global-level acculturation, in part, documents persistent forms of decoupling - suggesting that formal commitments to global culture often fail to change concrete practices of local actors. In the human rights context, this is particularly troubling, given the prevalence of seemingly disingenuous acceptance of human rights instruments by states with poor human rights records. Many critics suggest, and understandably so, that acculturation should not guide the design of international human rights regimes since any such regime would promote only shallow reforms - further entrenching the gap between formal commitments and actual practices. The problem with human rights law, on this view, is that it is under-enforced - not that it is insuffi ciently acculturative. In reply, we argue that acculturation generally does not impede progress toward deeper reform and, indeed, will often facilitate it.
Infrared Observations of the Response of NaCl, MgCl2, NH4HSO4, and NH4NO3 Aerosols to Changes in Relative Humidity from 298 to 238 K

Infrared extinction spectroscopy has been used to monitor liquid-to-solid and solid-to-liquid phase transitions of a variety of model tropospheric aerosols over a temperature range from 298 to 238 ...
Photomask film degradation effects in the wafer fab: how to detect and monitor over time

As a result of repeated cleanings and exposure effects such as chrome migration or MoSi oxidation some photomasks in the semiconductor fabs exhibit changes in critical dimension uniformity (CDU) over time. Detecting these effects in a timely manner allows for better risk management and process control in manufacturing. By monitoring changes in film reflectance intensity due to the various degradation mechanisms it is possible to predict when they may begin to influence across chip line width variations (ACLV). By accurately predicting the magnitude of these changes it is possible for semiconductor manufacturers to replace the photomasks before they have an impact on yields. This paper looks at possible causes of CDU variations on reticles during use and how this information might be used to improve or monitor reticle CDU changes over time.
SAS Code for Recovering Intereffect Information in Experiments with Incomplete Block and Lattice Rectangle Designs

Efficient use of resources and time requires optimal planning of designed experiments and optimal recovery of information from them. Selection of an appropriate experiment design and selection of an appropriate statistical analysis are mandatory for efficient experimentation. It is known that using a random effects model is more efficient than using a fixed effects one, as in the analysis of variance, meaning that fewer experimental units (plots) will be necessary to obtain the same precison. The question of transformation of data prior to analysis, of using standard textbook analyses, or of using a form of spatial analysis arises with each experiment. To obtain these analyses, it is desirable that computer programs (code) be available to the experimenter. Computer programming to recover the information from random effects is not well or widely understood. In light of recent developments of software for performing the needed calculations, a description of SAS programs is presented. Code is described for recovering interblock, interrow, intercolumn, intergradient, and interregression information in incomplete block and lattice rectangle (rowcolumn arrangement within each complete block) designed experiments. These are illustrated with a numerical example.
Optical Linewidth and Line-Shape Studies of Energy Transfer Mechanisms between Rare-Earth Impurity Ions

We present optical linewidth and line-shape studies of transitions of $4f$ impurity ions in doubly doped systems and show that interactions which involve excitation transfer between the impurity systems produce homogeneous broadening and line-shape changes in the optical transitions. In particular, we have studied the behavior of the 5985-\AA{} line of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ in doubly doped La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$: ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ as a function of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ concentration. The 5985-\AA{} ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ transition at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K involves two long-lived electronic states of the ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ ion; it follows that in the singly doped La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$: ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ the transition shows a Gaussian shape which is characteristic of inhomogeneous strain and imperfection broadening. As ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ is added to the system, a broader Lorentzian component begins to appear in the 5985-\AA{} ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ transition and eventually (at ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ concentrations of \ensuremath{\sim}1% or above) completely dominates the width and shape of the transition. The Lorentzian component of the transition line shape was successfully separated using a Fourier-transform technique and the width of this component was studied as a function of the ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ concentration. The width is found to increase linearly with increasing ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ concentration up to concentrations of 2%; at higher concentrations, the linewidth saturates and approaches an asymptotic value of \ensuremath{\sim}2 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We construe this homogeneous component to be evidence of a rapid short-range energy transfer mechanism between the ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ systems at the terminating ${(^{3}H_{6})}_{1}$ level of the 5985-\AA{} ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ transition. Various mechanisms are investigated as causes of the energy transfer process; it is concluded that the spin-exchange interaction is the most probable cause for the transfer. Results of other spectroscopic measurements on the doubly doped La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$: ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ system are also presented.
Ultrastructure of the secondary cells in the Aplysia eye

The ultrastructure of nonreceptor secondary cells (SC) in the Aplysia eye was studied. SC are found along the periphery of the retina, possess a single axon whose branches are found in the neuropile and the optic nerve, and contain dense core vesicles with a mean diameter of 110 nm. Results of electron microscope histochemistry suggest the dense cores contain a catecholamine. Intercellular junctions are found between SC and between SC and receptor cells. Synapses, in which presynaptic processes contain small clear vesicles and postsynaptic processes contain dense vesicles similar to those in the SC, occur in the neuropile. Other vesicles with a mean diameter of 150 nm and granular cores of varying electron density were observed in axons in the neuropile and the optic nerve but not in SC. These findings are correlated with previous studies of SC physiology and the previous demonstration that SC contain a catecholamine, probably dopamine.
Excess dietary lysine induces hypercholesterolemia in chickens.

Lysine and arginine supplements were fed to 5-day-old chicks to test whether they would develop hypercholesterolemia in response to excess lysine in a fashion similar to mammals. Chicks developed hypercholesterolemia with a 4–5% lysine but not with arginine supplementation. These results indicate the lysine induced hypercholesterolemia is not due to anaplerotic interactions of arginine and lysine with the urea cycle.
Industrial hygiene evaluation of thermal degradation products from PVC film in meat-wrapping operations.

An industrial hygiene evaluation is presented concerning experimental data included in the preceding paper on thermal degradation products from hot-wire and “cool”-rod cutting of PVC film but, in this paper, limited to film used in meat-wrapping operations. Room air concentrations of less than 0.2 ppm HCI and less than 0.05 ppm benzene can be maintained by a number of factors, including minimal dilution ventilation. Estimates of room air concentrations of degradation products are presented using average values of amounts produced per cut. The relation of these concentrations to TLV's is given, together with methods of suggesting TLV's for substances not listed by ACGIH or OSHA. Room air concentrations for the 12 degradation products for which TLV's are assigned, based on average values per cut, were no greater than 0.3% of accepted limits. Room air concentrations of DOA are not determinable from available data but present information does not indicate that exposure to DOA causes airway hyperreactivity. Th...
Lipid Hydroperoxides Inhibit Reacylation of Phospholipids in Neuronal Membranes

The unsaturated fatty acids that rapidly accumulate during ischemia are thought to participate in inducing irreversible brain injury, especially because they are highly susceptible to peroxidation when the tissue is reoxygenated. Our hypothesis was that peroxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids interfere with the reacylation of synaptic phospholipids, a process essential to membrane repair. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the effect of fatty acid hydroperoxides on incorporation of [1-14C]arachidonic acid into synaptosomal phospholipids. Rat forebrain synaptosomes were incubated with arachidonic or linoleic acid hydroperoxides and [14C]arachidonate, and then lipids were extracted and separated by TLC. Both hydroperoxides inhibited [14C]arachidonate incorporation into phospholipids in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition occurring at less than 25 microM hydroperoxide, in both the absence and presence of exogenous lysophospholipids. The inhibition was of the non-competitive type. It is concluded that (a) low levels of fatty acid hydroperoxides inhibit the reacylation of synaptosomal phospholipids, and (b) this inhibition may constitute an important mechanism whereby peroxidative processes contribute to irreversible brain damage.
Posttraumatic stress disorder across two generations of Cambodian refugees.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the expression of war-related trauma as manifested by DSM-III-R rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder in two generations of Cambodian refugees living in the western United States. Method A probability sample of 209 Khmer adolescents and one of their parents were interviewed using portions of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiologic Version and the PTSD section of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents. Interviews were conducted in English by a master's-level clinician with a Khmer interpreter. Results PTSD was found to be significantly related across parent-child generations. A nonsignificant generational trend was also found for depressive disorders. A number of environmental variables measured in the study (amount of reported war trauma, loss, living arrangements, treatment received, socioeconomic status) were not related to these findings. Parents were more likely to report an earlier onset of PTSD symptoms. Conclusions This study suggests that PTSD in refugees may cluster in families. Whether this phenomenon is caused by a genetic susceptibility to trauma awaits further research. PTSD and depressive disorders in refugee populations, while often comorbid, appear to follow different courses over time.
Model Checking at IBM

Over the past nine years, the Formal Methods Group at the IBM Haifa Research Laboratory has made steady progress in developing tools and techniques that make the power of model checking accessible to the community of hardware designers and verification engineers, to the point where it has become an integral part of the design cycle of many teams. We discuss our approach to the problem of integrating formal methods into an industrial design cycle, and point out those techniques which we have found to be especially effective in an industrial setting.
Thrombelastography and sepsis.

We read with great interest the recent report by Gonano et al. [1] describing the effects of antithrombin versus placebo in the coagulation profile of a group of patients with severe sepsis. However, we thought that several important issues needed to be addressed in regards to hypercoagulability and thrombelastography (TEG). First, hypercoagulability was not clearly defined in the study. Second, neither Coagulation Index (CI) nor Thrombodynamic Potential Index (an alternative TEG index of hypercoagulability) [2] were calculated or reported. Third, conventional studies of hypercoagulability were not performed in parallel. Fourth, Table 2 in the paper shows that some patients had low fibrinogen, platelets, and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time with a probably 'hypocoagulable' thrombelastogram (CI lower than -3) profile. Contrary to the authors' statements, there are previously described studies of hypercoagulability in sepsis using TEG. A decade ago, Grant and Hadley [3] described the coagulation changes of 27 neonates with sepsis and found a 'hypocoagulability' profile in 85% of the neonates studied. These findings are also supported in animal data for which our lab has shown similar hypocoagulable patterns in a porcine model of sepsis using TEG [4]. Hypercoagulability is defined in thromboelastography as a CI greater than +3 [2]. This means that patients with reaction time (r), coagulation time (k), alpha angle, or maximum amplitude on the 'hypercoagulable side' may still fall within a normal CI range and not meet criteria to be called 'hypercoagulable'. We believe that it would have been of great interest if the authors had provided the actual CI values, as well as the percentage of patients with hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable profiles.
Implications of Bone Metastases and the Benefits of Bone-Targeted Therapy

Several cancers, including those originating in the breast, prostate, and lung, exhibit a propensity to metastasize to bone, resulting in debilitating skeletal complications. These sequelae, such as intractable pain, pathologic fractures, spinal compression, and hypercalcemia, greatly erode the patients' quality of life. Bisphosphonates, a class of antiresorptive drugs, are now the mainstay of the treatment of skeletal-related events in myeloma bone disease and many solid cancers with bone metastases. Current evidence indicates that newer-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, particularly zoledronic acid, are potent inhibitors of bone resorption. In addition, increased understanding of the pathogenesis of bone metastasis has resulted in the development of several bone-targeted therapies including a monoclonal antibody targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL). In this review, clinical evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of currently available bone-targeted therapies including bisphosphonates and anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody in the treatment of bone metastasis due to breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, and multiple myeloma bone disease will be summarized.
Haptic feedback improves manual excitation of a sprung mass

In this paper, we present an experiment in which human subjects were asked to manually excite a virtual sprung mass into resonance under various feedback conditions: visual, haptic or visual and haptic combined. We are interested in comparing the value of these feedback conditions in terms of their influence on the achievable performance in a dynamic task such as exciting a resonant mechanical system. From our human subject experiment (n=10), we found that with haptic feedback alone, subjects successfully excited the sprung mass into resonance. For the particular case of /spl omega//sub n/ = 7 rad/s, subjects demonstrated significantly larger differences between the observed and expected frequency distribution under vision-only (paired t-test: p=0.034) and haptics-only feedback conditions (paired t-test: p=0.021), as compared to combined vision with haptic feedback. Variability of key marker locations of input behavior were also significantly lower with both feedback channels than with either alone (paired t-tests: p<.0002). Our results show that haptic feedback can augment vision to produce significant improvements in the control of a dynamic system.
Maximum Margin Multiple Instance Clustering With Applications to Image and Text Clustering

In multiple instance learning problems, patterns are often given as bags and each bag consists of some instances. Most of existing research in the area focuses on multiple instance classification and multiple instance regression, while very limited work has been conducted for multiple instance clustering (MIC). This paper formulates a novel framework, maximum margin multiple instance clustering (M3IC), for MIC. However, it is impractical to directly solve the optimization problem of M3IC. Therefore, M3IC is relaxed in this paper to enable an efficient optimization solution with a combination of the constrained concave-convex procedure and the cutting plane method. Furthermore, this paper presents some important properties of the proposed method and discusses the relationship between the proposed method and some other related ones. An extensive set of empirical results are shown to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method against existing research for both effectiveness and efficiency.
Electrothermal Wrinkling of Silicon Nitride Membrane Mirror in a Fabry-Perot Cavity

A micromachined electrothermally tuned Fabry-Perot filter with good optical contrast was fabricated using SiNx membranes. The finesse of the cavity can be controlled by electrothermally wrinkling the mirrors.
Delamination modeling for IC package with multiple initial cracks

Package delamination is a critical reliability problem which may cause thermal management and electrical problems. In this paper, package delamination with multiple initial crack for SOIC package is simulated and analyzed by FEA. The strain energy release rate (delamination driving force G), CTE stresses and effects of moisture vapor pressure (acting on the crack surface) are studied. Major investigations include: (1) the impact of multiple crack delamination versus one single crack delamination. Typical examples are how the multiple cracks, which locate at the same interface and/or appear simultaneously at the interfaces of die surface with EMC, die attach with pad, pad with EMC, will interact each other and delaminate the package. (2) Impact of moisture vapor pressure after moisture diffusion at 85C/85%RH, will he studied for the multiple crack delamination. Through this study, a better understandmg of SOIC package delamination may be obtained.
On the Dependence of P300 Latency on Stimulus Evaluation Processes

McCarthy and Donchin (1981) found that the latency of a late positive component of the event-related potential (ERP) was influenced by the presence of noise in a stimulus matrix but not by the compatibility between the stimulus presented and the response required. They concluded that this component is a P300 and that its latency was influenced by stimulus evaluation but not by response selection processes. The present experiments were designed to confirm that the component identified by McCarthy and Donchin was indeed a P300 and to determine if its latency varies systematically with increases in stimulus evaluation time produced by graded changes in noise level. In Experiment 1, subjects performed a standard oddball task in which they were required to count the rarer of two stimuli (the words RIGHT or LEFT) which were, or were not, embedded in a noise matrix (characters from the alphabet). The positive component of the ERP, whose amplitude was larger for rare target stimuli, was labeled a P300, and the latency of this component was longer when the stimuli were embedded in noise. In Experiment 2, subjects performed a choice reaction time task. Following the procedures used by McCarthy and Donchin, stimulus words RIGHT and LEFT required right or left hand responses depending on the presence of a cue word SAME or OPPOSITE which preceded the stimulus. Stimulus words were presented in four different degrees of noise, the levels of which were manipulated by varying the set size of the alphabetic characters which could surround the stimulus words. Reaction time increased both with noise (by 325 ms) and as a function of stimulus-response incompatibility (by 127 ms). In contrast, P300 latency increased substantially with noise (by 200 ms) but, to a much lesser extent (by 14 ms), with response incompatibility. These results indicate that the P300 is sensitive to the ease with which a target stimulus can be discriminated from noise. They confirm that P300 latency can be used as a measure of the timing of stimulus evaluation processes that is relatively independent of response selection and execution.
Advances in research on instruction.

(1995). Advances in Research on Instruction. The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 88, No. 5, pp. 262-268.
Telepresence robots for academics

Telepresence robotics is a sophisticated form of robotic remote control in which a human operator has a sense of being on location -- that is, of being telepresent. I propose a demonstration of two telepresence robots, one floor model (VGo) and one tabletop model (KUBI). In this proposal, I describe the technology and briefly summarize the research that led to the purchase of the robots. The research focused on the telepresence needs of a mobility-impaired academic and included a user study as well as a review of the affordances of commercially-available telepresence robotic devices. The implications extend beyond uses of telepresence robots in cases of mobility impairment to academic contexts in general.
CONTROLLER EVALUATIONS OF THE DESCENT ADVISOR AUTOMATION AID

An automation aid to assist air traffic controllers in efficiently spacing traffic and meeting arrival times at a fix has been developed at NASA Ames Research Center. The automation aid, referred to as the descent advisor (DA), is based on accurate models of aircraft performance and weather conditions. The DA generates suggested clearances, including both top-of-descent point and speed profile data, for one or more aircraft in order to achieve specific time or distance separation objectives. The DA algorithm is interfaced with a mouse-based, menu-driven controller display that allows the air traffic controller to interactively use its accurate predictive capability to resolve conflicts and issue advisories to arrival aircraft. This paper focuses on operational issues concerning the utilization of the DA, specifically, how the DA can be used for prediction, intrail spacing, and metering. In order to evaluate the DA, a real time simulation was conducted using both current and retired controller subjects. Controllers operated in teams of two, as they do in the present environment; issues of training and team interaction will be discussed. Evaluations by controllers indicated considerable enthusiasm for the DA aid, and provided specific recommendations for using the tool effectively.
Veratrum alkaloids. XXXVII. The structure of germanitrine, a hypotensive ester alkaloid.

The structure of germanitrine, a highly active hypotensive ester alkaloid, has been elucidated. Germine 3-angelate 7-acetate 15- l -2′-methylbutyrate, synthesized from germine, was found to be identical with germanitrine.
A Winter Isolation of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus from Hibernating Culex tarsalis Coquillett.

SummaryA total of 1361 hibernating female C. tarsalis mosquitoes, comprising 31 pools, was collected in mines in Colorado foothills from Dec. 15, 1953, to Feb. 29, 1954. One of these pools, collected Dec. 30, 1953, contained WEE virus upon inoculation into freshly hatched chicks. The finding of such large numbers of hibernating C. tarsalis and the recovery of WEE virus from them, may contribute to the knowledge of the overwintering mechanism of this virus.
Molecular chain stretch is a multiaxial failure criterion for conventional and highly crosslinked UHMWPE

The development of accurate theoretical failure, fatigue, and wear models for ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is an important step towards better understanding the micromechanisms of the surface damage that occur in load bearing orthopaedic components and improving the lifetime of joint arthoplasties. Previous attempts to analytically predict the clinically observed damage, wear, and fatigue failure modes have met with limited success due to the complicated interaction between microstructural deformations and continuum level stresses. In this work, we examined monotonic uniaxial and multiaxial loading to failure of UHMWPE using eight failure criteria (maximum principal stress, Mises stress, Tresca stress, hydrostatic stress, Coulomb stress, maximum principal strain, Mises strain, and chain stretch). The quality of the predictions of the different models was assessed by comparing uniaxial tension and small punch test data at different rates with the failure model predictions. The experimental data were obtained for two conventional (unirradiated and gamma radiation sterilized in nitrogen) and two highly crosslinked (150 kGy, remelted and annealed) UHMWPE materials. Of the different failures models examined, the chain stretch failure model was found to capture uniaxial and multiaxial failure data most accurately for all of the UHMWPE materials. In addition, the chain stretch failure criterion can readily be calculated for contemporary UHMWPE materials based on available uniaxial tension data. These results lay the foundation for future developments of damage and wear models capable of predicting multiaxial failure under cyclic loading conditions.
Modeling Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) and Practice Effect on PRP with Queuing Networks and Reinforcement Learning Algorithms

PRP (Psychological Refractory Period) is a basic but important form of human information processing in dual-task situations. This article describes a queuing network model of PRP that successfully modeled PRP without the need of setting up complex lock/unlock performance strategies employed in the EPIC model of PRP or drawing complex scheduling charts employed in the ACT-R/PM model of PRP. Further, by integrating queuing networks with reinforcement learning algorithms, the queuing network model successfully simulated practice effect on PRP, which has not been modeled in existing PRP models. The current research indicates that depending on an individual’s degree of practice, cognition can be either serial or parallel at the level of production or response selection. Extensions of queuing network model in modeling other tasks and its easiness in modeling concurrent tasks in practice are also discussed.
Resolving register bank conflicts for a network processor

This paper discusses a register bank assignment problem for a popular network processor - Intel's IXP. Due to limited data paths, the network processor has a restriction that thesource operands of most ALU instructions must be resident in two different banks. This results in higher register pressure and puts additional burden on the register allocator. The current vendor-provided register allocator leaves the problem to users, leading to poor compilation interface and low quality code.This paper presents three different approaches for performing register allocation and bank assignment. Bank assignment can be performed before register allocation, can be performed after register allocation or it could be combined with the register allocation. We propose a structure called register conflict graph (RCG) to capture the dual-bank constraints. To further improve the effectiveness of the algorithm, we also propose some enabling transformations.Our results show the phase ordering of first doing register allocation and then assigning banks can reduce the number of spills with affordable costs of additional instructions.
Public Memory and Identity Politics at the Ruined Buddhist Temple Kudaraji ato in Hirakata City

Cities throughout Japan have developed archaeological sites into public historical parks since the 1960s. These local parks are largely overlooked as a subject of academic study, yet function as integral public spaces for critical discourse by the local community as residents and lawmakers discuss how the park can best serve the public interest. The author examines the creation of the first historical park of a ruined Buddhist temple in Japan, Kudaraji ato historical park in Hirakata city, Osaka prefecture. Community activists representing the resident Korean population now seek a renovated park that reminds visitors of the ancient Korean heritage of Hirakata city, in particular the contributions made by the eighth-century founders of Kudara temple that are presumed to originate from the Korean peninsula. Contested versions of public memory and definitions of identity are formed, reformed, and translated into the built environment at these historical parks of ancient ruins.
Ontology-Based Named Entity Recognizer for Behavioral Health

Named-Entity Recognizers (NERs) are an important part of information extraction systems in annotation tasks. Although substantial progress has been made in recognizing domain-independent named entities (e.g. location,organizationandperson),thereisaneedtorecognize named entities for domain-specific applications in order to extract relevant concepts. Due to the growing need for smart health applications in order to address some of the latest worldwide epidemics of behavioral issues (e.g. over eating, lack of exercise, alcohol and drug consumption), we focused on the domain of behavior change, especially lifestyle change. To the best of our knowledge, there is no named-entity recognizer designed for the lifestyle change domain to enable applications to recognize relevant concepts. We describe the design of an ontology for behavioral health based on which we developed a NER augmented with lexical resources. Our NER automatically tags words and phrases in sentences with relevant (lifestyle) domain-specific tags(e.g.[un/]healthyfood,potentially-risky/healthyactivity, drug, tobacco and alcoholic beverage). We discuss the evaluation that we conducted with with manually collected test data. In addition, we discuss how our ontology enables systems to make further information acquisition for the recognized named entities by using semantic reasoners.
Displaying a Poster, Unifying a Campus: Undergraduate Research Day at Penn State Wilkes-Barre

This article describes the first official Undergraduate Research Day at Penn State Wilkes-Barre, a small campus with approximately 550 undergraduate students and 8 four-year degree programs. In 2015, an informal planning committee, consisting of two librarians and two faculty members, embarked on a project to turn what had been an informal course assignment into a campus-wide research event. By remaining flexible, engaged, and open to collaboration, the committee made Undergraduate Research Day in April 2015 a success, and plans are underway to hold this event in subsequent years. The event energized and motivated students, faculty, and staff on campus and paved the way toward a unified organizational identity on campus.
Abstract 72: Redox-sensitive Transcriptional Regulation of Renal Dopamine D1 Receptor Function during Hypertension

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of hypertension. We and others have shown that renal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R), a major contributor to sodium homeostasis and BP regulation, is negatively regulated by oxidative stress. It is reported that antioxidants can reduce BP and re
Resource Competition in Wild Populations of Ringtailed Lemurs (Lemur Catta): Implications for Female Dominance

Stresses imposed on female lemurs by adapting their reproductive events to seasonal resource availability may be exacerbated by high pre- and post-natal maternal investment and by group living. Within such a context female dominance can be seen as a critical behavior, enabling females to coexist with more than one non-natal male within a highly seasonal environment. Females may tolerate year-round male membership as males provide low-cost sentinels for predator detection and defense. Furthermore, male membership may be a viable reproductive tactic for both females and males, especially because females mate first with group males. A combination of female choice of small males and ecological and reproductive constraints on male size may have led to the current system of female dominance in ringtailed lemurs.
Veteran and Family Health: Building Competency With Unfolding Cases

Abstract There are 22 million veterans in the United States and more than one million children who have a parent deployed in the military. As the number of veterans in need of health services increases, it is imperative for nurses in all care settings to understand the potential impact of military service on the veteran and their families. This article introduces an innovative set of unfolding live-actor cases used in classroom and simulation for students to gain competency in caring for veterans and their families. Adaptation of existing learning activities is one way to infuse veteran-related concepts into a program of study.
Counsel for Non-Party Witness Has No Right to Object at Deposition!

In his New York Practice feature, Patrick M. Connors of Albany Law School discusses a Fourth Department decision and its impact on lawyers representing parties and non-parties alike, especially in those instances where the statute of limitations governing a potential claim against the non-party witness is still alive.
Sculpting God: The Logic of Dionysian Negative Theology*

In recent decades, the theology of Dionysius the Areopagite (pseudo-Dionysius) has recaptured the attention of a number of scholars. These scholars address Dionysius's importance for the history of philosophy, for Christian aesthetics and liturgical and biblical symbols, and for postmodern theology. Much of this attention focuses on the brief and historically influential The Mystical Theology, written ca. 500 CE. For scholars, however, this text, like the God of which it speaks, seems to embody contradictions. I s there a consistent logic in the text, or is it deliberately inconsistent? In this essay, I shall analyze passages throughout the Dionysian corpus in order to interpret the sometimes dense expressions of Mystical Theology and uncover the logical structure of Dionysius's negative theology. I shall suggest that Dionysius's primary task is to deny that God is a particular being. By identifying the patterns of language used to speak of beings, Dionysius can identify both affirmative and negative language that avoids such patterns and hence is appropriate for speech about God. This interpretation demands close attention to the distinction between particular assertions or denials and the assertion or denial of all beings. By focusing on this distinction and on the higher status of negative over affirmative theology, I shall show, against the dominant trend in Dionysian scholarship, that this negative theology logically coheres; it is neither self-negating nor logically contradictory.
Patterns and sequelae of sphenoid sinus fractures.

BACKGROUND: The sphenoid sinus is one of the most commonly fractured regions of the skull base after blunt head trauma. These fractures may be associated with complications such as blunt carotid artery injury (BCAI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Association of these sequelae with sphenoid sinus fractures has yet to be analyzed thoroughly in the literature. OBJECTIVE: Analyze patterns of traumatic sphenoid sinus fractures and assess relationships between fracture patterns and incidence of BCAI and traumatic nasal CSF leaks. METHODS: A retrospective review of 123 patients sustaining sphenoid sinus fractures was performed. Patient medical records and radiographic images were reviewed. Fractures were classified based on the sinus walls involved. Logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze associations between injury mechanisms, fracture subsites, and sequelae. RESULTS: The most commonly fractured sphenoid sinus subsites included the carotid canal, sphenoid roof, and lateral wall (60%, 49% and 48%, respectively). CSF leaks occurred in 9% of sphenoid sinus fractures, whereas BCAI occurred in 1.6%. On logistic regression, sphenoid roof fractures were significantly associated with CSF leaks (odds ratio [OR] = 12.4, p = 0.002). No fracture subsite was associated with BCAI. The positive predictive value (PPV) of sphenoid roof fractures for the presence of CSF leaks was 17%, whereas the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98%. The PPV of carotid canal fractures for BCAI was 3%, whereas the NPV was 100%. There was no association between the number of fractured sinus walls and the incidence of BCAI or CSF leak. Penetrating injuries were significantly associated with CSF leak (OR = 24.7, p = 0.01), but no other injury mechanisms were associated with BCAI or CSF leak. CONCLUSION: Nasal CSF leak was the most common sequela of sphenoid sinus fractures, whereas BCAI was extremely uncommon. Analysis of fracture patterns can be useful in determining the need for additional evaluation. Language: en
A Macroscopic Analysis of News Content in Twitter

Previous literature has considered the relevance of Twitter to journalism, for example as a tool for reporters to collect information and for organizations to disseminate news to the public. We consider the reciprocal perspective, carrying out a survey of news media-related content within Twitter. Using a random sample of 1.8 billion tweets over four months in 2014, we look at the distribution of activity across news media and the relative dominance of certain news organizations in terms of relative share of content, the Twitter behavior of news media, the hashtags used in news content versus Twitter as a whole, and the proportion of Twitter activity that is news media-related. We find a small but consistent proportion of Twitter is news media-related (0.8 percent by volume); that news media-related tweets focus on a different set of hashtags than Twitter as a whole, with some hashtags such as those of countries of conflict (Arab Spring countries, Ukraine) reaching over 15 percent of tweets being news med...
The Universal Grammar of Criminal Law

This review essay on George Fletcher's Basic Concepts of Criminal Law considers Fletcher's claim that the twelve "dichotomies" that comprise the twelve chapters of his book constitute the "deep structure" or "universal grammar" of criminal law. After exploring the concepts of deep structure and universal grammar as they are used in linguistics and anthropology, the paper seeks to test Fletcher's claim of universality by attempting to use the dichotomy approach to assess a collection of seemingly anomalous criminal law practices and concepts from China, Japan, Iceland, Spain, Melanesia, and elsewhere. The paper concludes that Fletcher's dichotomy approach, though often illuminating, is only partially successful in achieving its stated goals.
Predatory Behavior Exhibited by Three Species of Ants on the Imported Fire Ants: Solenopsis invicta1 Buren and Solenopsis richteri1 Forel

Social parasitism in ants has been studied by numerous investigators (Forel 1898, 1901; Wheeler 1901, 1910, and Wasmann 1901-1902). Wheeler's (1910) monograph categorizes various types and degrees of social parasitism. Wilson×s (1971) treatment of the subject gives more concise definitions of the various terms dealing with social parasitism and its evolution.
Abstract 766: Downregulation of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer cells by thymoquinone: A promise for pancreatic cancer therapies

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers in the world. Currently, the existing therapies have not been optimized and the survival of pancreatic cancer patients remains under 5% after being diagnosed. The high molecular weight glycoprotein Mucin-4 (MUC4) contributes to the regulation of differentiation, proliferation, and metastasis of pancreatic tumor cells. As it is not expressed in normal pancreatic epithelial cells, MUC4 is a promising target for novel cancer therapeutics. Among the natural derived drugs that are being investigated, the extracts from the seeds of the plant Nigella sativa, particularly thymoquinone (TQ), possess multiple benefits, including anti-tumorigenic properties. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TQ on pancreatic cancer cells and determine the role of the drug on MUC4 expression by analyzing the cytotoxicity, protein and gene expression, and metastatic properties on the MUC4-expressing pancreatic cancer cell line FG/COLO357. Experimental techniques used included western blot, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transient gene silencing, confocal, and flow cytometry analyses, among other functional assays. The results indicated a decrease in cell viability at increasing concentrations of TQ that correlated with MUC4 downregulation, which occurred thru the proteasomal degradation pathway. The genes that were regulated in FG/COLO357 cells after treatment with TQ were determined by microarray analysis and the results were confirmed by functional assays. It was found that TQ activated the Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. As the activation of these pathways is directly related to a decrease in proliferation, survival, and invasion of cancer cells, these results indicate the direct involvement of TQ on the induction of apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. The results present evidence that TQ induces the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells and the downregulation of MUC4 is related to the apoptotic effect of the drug. In conclusion, TQ, which has a role in downregulation of MUC4 among other anti-tumorigenic properties, represents promise for the development of novel therapies against pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 766.
Patterns in the Copper Isotope Composition of Minerals in Porphyry Copper Deposits in Southwestern United States

Cu isotope measurements of minerals from American southwest porphyry Cu deposits reveal a positive relationship with the grade of Cu and display spatial patterns. We measured the Cu isotope composition of 87 minerals contained within veins from drill core and hand specimen samples from three deposits (the Silver Bell, Ray, and Morenci mines). The overall range of Cu isotope ratios varies from −13.5 to +8.3 per mil. The deposits possess three different Cu reservoirs in which each has unique Cu isotope signatures, where δ65Cu for leach cap minerals < hypogene minerals < supergene enrichment minerals. The pattern exists in all three deposits and resulted from oxidative weathering of Cu at surface and reprecipitation of Cu at depth. A Rayleigh distillation model mimics the Cu isotope patterns found in the leach cap and quantifies the degree of leaching. A comparison of the isotopic composition of the three reservoirs among the three deposits reveals distinct differences—the Silver Bell mine possesses leach cap minerals that are more depleted in 65Cu and enrichment minerals that are more enriched in 65Cu than both the Morenci and Ray mines. A possible explanation for the difference among the deposits could indicate that the Silver Bell deposit experienced a greater degree of leaching than the Ray and Morenci deposits. The comparative analysis of the Cu isotope data reveals the exploration potential of using Cu isotope fractionation in the supergene environments.
Topology optimization of tag structures for chipless RFID

This paper presents shape optimization of chipless RFID tags. In the present optimization, chipless RFID tag characteristics are analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain method. The shapes of chipless RFID tag are optimized by using the micro genetic algorithm and on-off method with moving average filter in order to maximize an amplitude and a quality factor of backscattering wave reflected by the chipless RFID tag. The optimized chipless RFID tag has higher amplitude and quality factor of backscattering wave.
Management of the obese adolescent.

The physician treating obese adolescents would be wise to review the pitfalls of previous programs. The multidisciplinary approach to management is detailed.
Non-Neoplastic Pulmonary Pathology: An Algorithmic Approach to Histologic Findings in the Lung

This generously illustrated textbook is a simple guide to the pathologic diagnosis of 'medical' lung disease, written by an expert, subspecialty-trained pulmonary pathologist. General surgical pathologists and pathology residents will find it accessible and full of practical pearls that can be used in real-life situations. The algorithms in this book provide a glimpse into the thought process of a subspecialist. They start with an abnormal histologic finding, and take the reader step by step to the correct diagnosis. Unlike most pathology textbooks, diseases are grouped on the basis of pathologic findings rather than etiology, mirroring the actual practice of surgical pathology. Another novel feature of this book is that it provides actual examples of pathology reports for each disease. Pathologists will find this book tremendously helpful when faced with difficult cases of interstitial lung disease or lung granulomas. It should be part of every surgical pathologist's library.
The discrete nature of grain attachment models in simulations of equiaxed solidification

Abstract Grain refiner is often added to aluminum and magnesium alloys during solidification processing to encourage the development of a fine equiaxed grain structure. Numerical modeling of such processes face the challenge of considering the effect of free floating grains that nucleate on grain refiner particles, are advected in the bulk fluid flow, and eventually coalesce to form a permeable, rigid solid structure. While several models have been developed to consider the advection of solid grains, the attachment of these grains is uniformly treated on a discrete, cell-by-cell basis. In a previous study, channel segregates were observed in the predicted composition field of equiaxed solidification simulations and were found to exhibit an extreme grid dependence. These channels were examined in the present study in detail for two different grain attachment models, one that assumed coalescence occurs at a constant and uniform volume fraction solid, and one that considered the effects of the local solid velocity field. The mechanism of the initiation and propagation of these channels was explored, and their physical relevance considered. It was concluded that these defects were primarily numerical artifacts arising from the discrete nature of the grain attachment models, and therefore, necessarily occurred on the length scale of the grid spacing. Development of an alternative attachment model that avoid this numerical problem is the subject of ongoing research.