cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Separable approximation for exchange interactions in electron-molecule scattering: Numerical stabilization procedures

Numerical stabilization procedures are developed for solving the coupled integral equations that arise in connection with the separable treatment of exchange interactions in electron-molecule scattering. Stabilization is important for maintaining numerical accuracy in treating target molecules that produce strong-coupling potentials, especially at low collision energies. The techniques we have developed are reliable and do not add significantly to the computation times.
The changing epidemiology of GERD: geography and Helicobacter pylori.

Abstract Background Issues have arisen regarding H. pylori infection and GERD that have caused unnecessary confusion among practicing physicians. In the last century GERD became increasingly recognized in the West and it has become evident that the prevalence of GERD is now occurring in many previously underdeveloped countries. Methods This review article fosters understanding of the issues by focusing on the esophageal acid load and the factors that control it. In particular, we discuss the effects of the change in the patterns of gastritis that have occurred naturally as well as after H. pylori eradication and correlate those changes with their effects on the esophageal acid load. We show how it is possible to separate gastroesophageal reflux from gastroesophageal reflux disease based on differences in esophageal acid load. We also describe how the practice of assessing gastroesophageal reflux based on the time the intraesophageal pH is less than 4 resulted in investigators systematically discarding data critical to understanding of the effect of their interventions on esophageal acid load. Testable hypotheses are presented to explain the interactions between H. pylori and GERD and between H. pylori and the changing epidemiology of GERD. Conclusions We propose that the confusion regarding H. pylori and the changing epidemiology of GERD is based on the failure to critically examine the historical evidence in relation to the other H. pylori-related diseases as well as reliance on techniques that are either unable to measure, or systematically discard data critical for understanding effects of various interventions on the esophageal acid load. This has resulted in propagation of erroneous concepts regarding H. pylori and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and has resulted in some patients being denied appropriate therapy.
The relative immunodominance of haptenic determinants on a complex hapten phage conjugate

Abstract Rabbits were immunized with highly conjugated dinitrophenylated coliphage MS2 containing 150 DNP groups per phage particle that were purified by isopycninc CsGl gradient centrifugation. The anti-DNP 150 MS2 IgG was analyzed over the course of immunization in terms of its anti-hapten, anti-carrier and anti-hapten-carrier reactivity. Neutralization by unabsorbed as well as MS2 and DNP-agarose absorbed IgH revealed that the dominant reactivities were carrier or hapten-carrier specific rather than hapten specific. Subsequent work with DNP-conjugated MS2 coat protein monomers indicated the role that extent of conjugation, accessibility of the haptenic group and carrier complexity play in determining the relative immunodominance o DNP haptenic groups on MS2.
Small test systems for power system economic studies

This paper presents two small test systems for power system economic studies. The first system is based on the original PJM 5-bus system, which contains data related to real power only, because it demonstrates results based on the linearized DC optimal power flow (OPF) model. This paper suggests some modification to the original data, as well as new parameters related to reactive power such that AC-model-based simulation is possible. The second system is based on the original IEEE 30-bus system, which is an AC system, but it does not have economic data such as generation costs and transmission network limits. This paper suggests some reasonable values for generation costs and transmission limits. For both systems, economic studies based on LMP methodology are given for benchmark purposes.
A comparison of influence strategies utilized by managers in American and Japanese organizations

Two questions were addressed in this study: (1) What specific communication strategies are employed by Japanese managers to influence their subordinates? and (2) How are those strategies similar to, and different from, the strategies employed by American managers? Two hypothetical compliance‐gaining situations were presented to 74 Japanese managers and 65 American managers. Written responses were coded using a 19‐category scheme. The study found that Japanese managers tend to rely more often on altruism‐based strategies, while American managers tend to rely more often on reward‐ or punishment‐based strategies.
Curricular projects of the ACM two-year college education committee

This poster presentation showcases the curricular guidelines developed by the Two-Year College Education Committee (TYCEC), a standing committee of the ACM Education Board.
Lability of fat stores in peripubertal wild house mice.

Traditionally, the adaptive value of mammalian white fat stores is considered in relation to longterm needs such as providing protection against the vagaries of winter or signalling the reproductive system when energy reserves are sufficient to risk pregnancy. As shown here, the fat stores of young house mice could not serve such needs. Despite prolonged acclimation and excess nesting material, food deprivation at 10°C significantly lowered the fat stores of peripubertal female house mice in only 12 h, and would exhaust them in 30 h. Even close to thermoneutrality (24°C) the calculated time to exhaustion was only 70 h. The fat stores of a young house mouse are obviously too meager to offer any meaningful protection over a winter of several months duration, or even over a 5–6-week cycle of pregnancy and lactation. Furthermore, in a wild habitat where food availability and ambient temperature can vary rapidly and greatly, such fat stores would be too labile to effectively coordinate puberty with somatic development.
Iterative decision feedback equalizer detector for holographic data storage systems

In this study, we analyze and compare the performance of fixed threshold detection, adaptive threshold detection, log likelihood ratio (LLR) detection and iterative decision feedback equalizer (DFE) detection methods for holographic data storage (HDS) systems using real data pages as well as simulated data pages. Fixed threshold detector is popular because of its simplicity. Its performance is good when the amount of noise and inter-symbol interference (ISI) is low. Adaptive threshold is useful as a benchmark to compare the performance of other single-bit detectors, but is really not practical. LLR detector makes a decision based on bit probabilities and in that sense is an optimal detector when the input symbols are equally likely. LLR detector is usually used in combination with an iterative soft decoder. Iterative DFE detector takes into account the influence of the neighboring bits and the two dimensional (2D) ISI. Therefore an iterative DFE detector is a good detector candidate for HDS. The four detectors are tested with real data pages as well as simulated data pages. The results show that iterative DFE-based detector works well, even for data pages with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
A stable silylene in a reactive environment: Synthesis, reactivity, and silicon extrusion chemistry of a coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium silylene complex containing chloride and η3-P-C-P ligands

Reaction of [(dcypb)ClRu(μ-Cl)3Ru(dcypb)(N2)] (1) with 4 equiv of the stable silylene 1,3-di-tert-butyl-1,3,2-diazasilol-2-ylidene (SiLN2) yields coordinatively unsaturated RuCl(η3-dcypb)(SiLN2) (2...
Building competitive skills in small and medium-sized enterprises through innovation management techniques: overview of an Italian experience:

The paper reports on the work and the results of the IMTIC (Innovation Management Techniques for Industry Clusters) Project supported by the European Commission’s Innovation Programme.The purpose o...
Kinetics of radical heterolysis reactions forming alkene radical cations.

Rate constants for heterolytic fragmentation of β-(ester)alkyl radicals were determined by a combination of direct laser flash photolysis studies and indirect kinetic studies. The 1,1-dimethyl-2-mesyloxyhexyl radical (4a) fragments in acetonitrile at ambient temperature with a rate constant of khet > 5 × 109 s-1 to give the radical cation from 2-methyl-2-heptene (6), which reacts with acetonitrile with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of k = 1 × 106 s-1 and is trapped by methanol in acetonitrile in a reversible reaction. The 1,1-dimethyl-2-(diphenylphosphatoxy)hexyl radical (4b) heterolyzes in acetonitrile to give radical cation 6 in an ion pair with a rate constant of khet = 4 × 106 s-1, and the ion pair collapses with a rate constant of k ≤ 1 × 109 s-1. Rate constants for heterolysis of the 1,1-dimethyl-2-(2,2-diphenylcyclopropyl)-2-(diphenylphosphatoxy)ethyl radical (5a) and the 1,1-dimethyl-2-(2,2-diphenylcyclopropyl)-2-(trifluoroacetoxy)ethyl radical (5b) were measured in various solvents, and an A...
A model of the SO2 atmosphere and ionosphere of Io

The calculations of thermal structure for an SO2 atmosphere of Io lead to exospheric temperatures in 800-1200 K range. The Pioneer 10 electron density profiles can be fit with an SO2 surface density of 1.2 x 10 to the 11th per cu cm at 5:30 pm local time and exosphere temperature of 1030 K. Low energy electrons provide the major ionization source but the solar UV absorption dominates the heating of the atmosphere due to the long wavelength absorption threshold of SO2 and large absorption cross sections.
Mineral dust is a sink for chlorine in the marine boundary layer

Abstract Dust particles affect the budgets of important traces gases by providing a surface on which heterogeneous reactions can occur. The uptake of soluble species on dust alters the physical, chemical, and optical properties and the overall ability of dust to act as cloud condensation and ice nuclei. It is commonly assumed that all measured chloride in particulate filter samples is associated with sea-salt particles and any chloride in dust occurs as the result of internal mixtures of sea-salt and dust particles, formed by cloud processing. Here we show high temporal resolution data demonstrating the direct uptake of chlorine by dust via heterogeneous reaction with HCl(g). This reaction added significant amounts of chlorine to the dust particles during a major dust storm, representing 4–9% of the individual dust particle mass. Up to 65±4% of the dust particles contained chlorine due to this heterogeneous reaction during the dust front. Ignoring this process leads to an overestimation of sea-salt concentrations from bulk measurements, and an underestimation of the degree of sea-salt aging. The uptake of chloride will change the pH and hygroscopic properties of the dust and thus can influence the budgets of other reactive gases. Including this heterogeneous process in atmospheric measurements and chemical transport models will improve our ability to predict the atmosphere's composition and radiation budget with greater accuracy.
Maximal and typical measures of job performance: An analysis of performance variability over time ☆

Abstract One strategy for better understanding job performance is to distinguish between maximum and typical performance, with maximum performance usually measured using a work sample (e.g., [Sackett, P.R., Zedeck, S., & Fogli, L. (1988). Relations between measures of typical and maximum job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 482–486.]) or performance ratings (e.g., [Klehe, U.C., & Latham, G. (2006). What would you do—really or ideally? Constructs underlying the behavior description interview and the situational interview in predicting typical versus maximal performance. Human Performance, 19,357–382.]). In this article we propose a framework for distinguishing between maximal and typical performance in the everyday work setting, develop a measure of maximal performance that utilizes on-the-job performance, and examine the effects of individual differences on the maximal–typical performance relationship. Analyses revealed that high high-ability employees and inexperienced employees were characterized by a lower maximal–typical correlation and more motivationally-relevant variability in performance than their counterparts. There is some evidence of differential validity for maximal versus typical performance. Implications for job performance theory and human resource practice are discussed.
A 28-Year-Old Fair-Skinned Woman With Multiple Moles

Dr DALEY: Ms G is a 28-year-old single health care office worker who has had 2 abnormal moles removed in the past. She lives in greater Boston and is engaged to be married. Her health insurance is through a managed care plan in eastern Massachusetts. In 1994, a physician with whom Ms G works noted a "funnylooking" mole on her left ear and suggested that she have it evaluated. Ms G sought consultation from Dr V, a dermatologist, who noted more than 50 nevi over her body and 2 abnormal-appearing moles: one on her left ear and another on her anterior abdominal wall. Physical examination revealed each mole had the appearance of a dysplastic nevus. After a biopsy in October 1994, the ear lesion was noted to be a "lentiginous compound nevus with architectural features of a dysplastic nevus; the cytologic atypia is mild." The anterior abdominal wall lesion was
Aldose reductase and ϱ‐crystallin belong to the same protein superfamily as aldehyde reductase

Abstract Aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) has been implicated in a variety of diabetic complications. Here we present the first primary sequence data for the rat lens enzyme, obtained by amino acid and cDNA analysis. We have found structural similarities with another NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase: human liver aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.2). The identity between these two enzymes is 50%. Both enzymes share approx. 40–50% homology with ϱ-crystallin, a major lens protein present only in the frog, Rana pipiens. We propose that aldose reductase, aldehyde reductase and ϱ-crystallin are members of a superfamily of related proteins.
Politicizing identity: Code choice and stance-taking during the Egyptian revolution

This study aims to offer a fresh look at the relationship between identity, stance-taking and code choice. The study provides three examples of different forms of Egyptian public discourse related directly to identity that took place during the 2011 revolution of Egypt, a time when state TV media stations cast doubt on the identity of the protestors by utilizing linguistic resources. This article argues that during the process of stance-taking speakers employ linguistic resources, discourse resources and structural resources. These linguistic resources include the associations and indexes of different languages and varieties, in this case Standard Arabic (SA), Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) and English. This stance-taking process depends on code-switching as a mechanism that lays claims to different indexes and thus appeals to different ideologies and different facets of identity. Second, this study also shows how speakers use public discourse in order to construe language as a classification category a...
Descriptions of two new species of Tingidae (Heteroptera) from India

Abstract This paper contains descriptions of Compseuta russelli, sp. nov. from the Siwalik Range and Belenus davidii, sp.nov. from Agra. Of the 19 species of Compsueta, known so far, only C. lefroyi occurs in India. Of the six species of Belenus known at present, B. dentatus, B. angulatus and B. bengalensis occur within the limits of the Oriental Region.
Generation and focusing of electron beams with initial transverse-longitudinal correlation

In charged particle beams, one of the roles played by space charge is to couple the transverse and longitudinal dynamics of the beam. This can lead to very complex phenomena which are generally studied using computer simulations. However, in some cases models based on phenomenological or analytic approximations can provide valuable insight into the system behavior. In this paper, we employ such approximations to investigate the conditions under which all the slices of a space charge dominated electron beam with slowly varying current could be focused to a waist with the same radius and at the same location, independent of slice current, and show that this can be accomplished approximately if the initial transverse-longitudinal correlation introduced onto the beam by the electron gun is chosen to compensate for the transverse-longitudinal correlation introduced onto the beam in the drift section. The validity of our approximations is assessed by use of progressively more realistic calculations. We also consider several design elements of electron guns that affect the initial correlations in the beams they generate.
Eliciting better information need descriptions from users of information search systems

In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of a technique for eliciting more robust information need descriptions from users of information systems. We propose that such a technique can be used to elicit terms from users for use in query expansion and as a follow-up when ambiguous queries are initially posed. We design a feedback form to obtain additional information from users, administer the form to users after initial querying, and create a series of experimental runs based on the information that we obtained from the form. Results demonstrate that the form was successful at eliciting more information from users and that this additional information significantly improved retrieval performance. Our results further demonstrate a strong relationship between query length and performance.
Distribution and biohistory of the endemic flora of the mid-Appalachian shale barrens

The mid-Appalachian shale barrens, first described by E. S. Steele in 1911, range within the eastern United States from south-central Pennsylvania to southwestern Virginia and adjacent West Virginia. These Paleozoic shaly outcrops are characterized by a steep southern exposure, typically an undercutting stream at the base, and a relatively sparse vegetation cover in contrast to the surrounding woodlands of the eastern deciduous forest. Lithologically, the barrens have thin, fissile, variously colored shale and siltstone fragments intermixed with sandstones and minor conglomerates. At least some of the barrens were colonizable sites since the late Tertiary. The sparsity of herbaceous vegetation is due chiefly to high insolation temperatures and low moisture conditions at the surface of the barrens, two physical parameters which eliminate most young seedlings. In addition to adapting to these severe constraints, the shale barren endemics require adequate root space, and, as obligate heliophytes, high sunlight intensity. Eighteen taxa are recognized as endemic to the shale barren region. Two (Phlox buckleyi, Trifolium virginicum) are paleoendemics, seven (Allium oxyphilum, Arabis serotina, Astragalus distortus var.distortus, Aster schistosus, Clematis coactilis, C. viticaulis, Solidago arguta var.harrisii) are neoschizoendemics with restricted ranges, six (Calystegia spithamaea ssp.purshiana, Clematis albicoma, Eriogonum allenii, Paronychia montana, Pseudotaenidia montana, Senecio antennariifolius) are holoschizoendemics, two (Antennaria virginica, Oenothera argillicola) are patroendemics which are ancestral to two or more species, and one (Helianthus laevigatus) is an apoendemic polyploid derivative. Possibly as many as six taxa (Antennaria virginica, Astragalus distortus var.distortus, Clematis albicoma, Eriogonum allenii, Oenothera argillicola, Senecio antennariifolius) are disjunct endemics with the vicariad in mid-central to western North America. The eighteen endemics are not equally distributed throughout the shale barren region, a fact which may reflect unequal evolutionary age, dissemination, and breeding structure. In general, speciation of the endemics appears to be largely an initial migration (from the southwestern United States) and geographic isolation of diploid populations or ecotypic differentiation of subsets of adjacent species within the Appalachian forests. Conservation of these endemics is strongly recommended.
Disruption of the gene encoding subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc1 complex causes respiratory deficiency of cells with reduced cytochrome c levels.

Abstract A double mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , in which CYCl gene is deleted and the chromosomal copy of the 17 kDa protein gene is disrupted, has been constructed. This mutant cannot grow on nonfermentable carbon sources, but normal growth can be restored by complementation of either mutation with a yeast vector containing either the wild-type 17 kDa protein gene or the CYCl gene. These results show that although the 17 kDa protein, subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc 1 complex is dispensable for yeast mitochondrial respiration in cells with the wild-type levels of cytochrome c , the 17 kDa protein is essential for respiration when the level of cytochrome c is limited, indicating that is plays a role in electron transport. This glycerol − phenotype of the double mutant can serve as the basis for further genetic studies on the function of the 17 kDa protein in yeast mitochondria and may provide insight into the physiological function of the hinge protein, the counterpart of the yeast 17 kDa protein, in beef heart mitochondria.
Characterization of tracked radiofrequency ablation in phantom.

Received 12 December 2006; revised 1 June 2007; accepted for publication 28 June 2007;published 26 September 2007In radiofrequency ablation RFA , successful therapy requires accurate, image-guided placement ofthe ablation device in a location selected by a predictive treatment plan. Current planning methodsrely on geometric models of ablations that are not sensitive to underlying physical processes inRFA. Implementing plans based on computational models of RFA with image-guided techniques,however, has not been well characterized. To study the use of computational models of RFA inplanning needle placement, this work compared ablations performed with an optically tracked RFAdevice with corresponding models of the ablations. The calibration of the tracked device allowedthe positions of distal features of the device, particularly the tips of the needle electrodes, to bedetermined to within 1.4±0.6 mm of uncertainty. Ablations were then performed using the trackeddevice in a phantom system based on an agarose-albumin mixture. Images of the sliced phantomobtained from the ablation experiments were then compared with the predictions of a bioheattransfer model of RFA, which used the positional data of the tracked device obtained duringablation. The model was demonstrated to predict 90% of imaged pixels classiﬁed as being ablated.The discrepancies between model predictions and observations were analyzed and attributed toneedle tracking inaccuracy as well as to uncertainties in model parameters. The results suggest thefeasibility of using ﬁnite element modeling to plan ablations with predictable outcomes whenimplemented using tracked RFA. ©
ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY FOR STROKE.

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and severe disability among Western populations. Overall, the incidence of stroke is uniformly higher in men than in women. Stroke is rare in women during the reproductive years and rapidly increases after menopause, strongly suggesting that estrogen (E2) plays an important role in the prevention of stroke. Ongoing studies are currently evaluating both the benefits and the risks associated with E2 replacement therapy and hormone replacement therapy in stroke. Equally important is the role of E2 receptor (ER), as studies indicate that ER populations in several tissue sites may significantly change during stress and aging. Such changes may affect the patient’s susceptibility to neurological disorders including stroke and greatly affect the response to selective E2 receptor modulators (SERMs). Replacement therapies may be inefficient with low ER levels. The goal of this review paper is to discuss an animal model that will allow investigations of the potential therapeutic effects of E2 and its derivatives in stroke. We hypothesize that E2 neuroprotection is, in part, receptor mediated. This hypothesis is a proof-of-principle approach to demonstrate a role for specific ER subtypes in E2 neuroprotection. To accomplish this, we use a retroviral-mediated gene transfer strategy that expresses subtypes of the ER gene in regions of the rat brain most susceptible to neuronal damage, namely, the striatum and the cortex. The animal model is exposed to experimental stroke conditions involving middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) method, and eventually the extent of neuronal damage will be evaluated. A reduction in neuronal damage is expected when E2 is administered with specific ER subtypes. From this animal model, an optimal E2 dose and treatment regimen can be determined. The animal model can help identify potential E2-like therapeutics in stroke and screen for beneficial or toxic additives present in commercial E2 preparations that are currently available. Such studies will be informative in designing drug therapies for stroke.
Vascular reactivity in essential and renal hypertension in man

Abstract 1. 1. Vascular reactivity in man has been studied under many different conditions with a variety of methods. 2. 2. The most productive methods employ either intra-arterial or intravenous infusion after inhibition of sympathetic nerve discharge, and interpret changes in flow and pressure in terms of work of vasoconstriction rather than resistance. 3. 3. With the use of such methods, vascular reactivity to various substances, including 1-norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (AT), has been found to be increased in essential hypertension but not in various types of renal hypertension. Other methods have yielded equivocal and ofter contradictory results. 4. 4. Reactivity in the digit measured by the work method can be decreased in essential hypertensive patients by salt depletion, with a variable effect in normotensive subjects. Guanethidine and alpha-methyldopa increase reactivity, although they decrease blood pressure. Glucocorticosteroids increase reactivity in normotensive subjects but not in patients with essential hypertension, whereas aldosterone and salt increase reactivity, particularly in the hypertensive group and only slightly in the normotensive group. 5. 5. Evidence is accumulating to implicate the renin-angiotensin system in renovascular and accelerated essential hypertension with nephrosclerosis. In hypertension secondary to various types of parenchymatous renal disease, immune reactions in the blood vessels seem to be involved. Other theories are discussed.
Visualization and classification of physiological failure modes in ensemble hemorrhage simulation

In an emergency situation such as hemorrhage, doctors need to predict which patients need immediate treatment and care. This task is difficult because of the diverse response to hemorrhage in human population. Ensemble physiological simulations provide a means to sample a diverse range of subjects and may have a better chance of containing the correct solution. However, to reveal the patterns and trends from the ensemble simulation is a challenging task. We have developed a visualization framework for ensemble physiological simulations. The visualization helps users identify trends among ensemble members, classify ensemble member into subpopulations for analysis, and provide prediction to future events by matching a new patient’s data to existing ensembles. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the visualization on simulated physiological data. The lessons learned here can be applied to clinically-collected physiological data in the future.
Digitally tuned Gm-C filter with VDD/temperature-compensating DAC

A digitally tuned Gm-C filter with a V DD /temperature-compensating digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) is presented. By using the proposed DAC, the bandwidth sensitivities to V DD and temperature variations of a Gm-C filter can be decreased without repeated frequency tuning. The measured bandwidth sensitivities are as low as 1.2%/100degC and 1.7%/V for temperature and V DD , respectively
Inductive Inference and Unsolvability

It is shown that many different problems have the same degree of unsolvability. Among these problems are: The Inductive Inference Problem. Infer in the limit an index for a recursive function f presented as f (0), f (1), f (2),…. The Recursive Index Problem. Decide in the limit if i is the index of a total recursive function . The Zero Nonvariant Problem. Decide in the limit if a recursive function f presented as f (0), f (1), f (2),… has value unequal to zero for infinitely many arguments . Finally, it is shown that these unsolvable problems are strictly easier than the halting problem.
Perioperative Blood Product Use: A Comparison Between HeartWare and HeartMate II Devices

Background The HeartWare (HW) (Framingham, MA) and the HeartMate II (HM II) (Thoratec Inc, Pleasanton, CA) continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) are commonly used to bridge patients to transplantation. We hypothesized that there are differences in perioperative blood product (BP) use and chest tube (CT) output between CF-LVAD types. Methods We retrospectively evaluated BP use in 71 patients who were implanted with a CF-LVAD (HM II = 38; HW = 33) by median sternotomy for bridge to transplantation (BTT) indications from 2009 to 2013. Detailed BP use data were collected during the intraoperative and postoperative periods and included packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate. Results Preoperative characteristics (age, left ventricular ejection fraction, previous sternotomy, ischemic cause), and risk stratification scores (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support [INTERMACS]) profile, Leitz-Miller score, Kormos score) were comparable between groups (all p > 0.05). Total average intraoperative and postoperative BP use was different between device types: HW = 8.3 ± 13 versus HM II = 12.6 ± 14.0 units ( p = 0.002) and HW = 6.1 ± 12.0 units compared with HM II = 13.5 ± 24.1 units ( p = 0.022), respectively. Average postoperative CT output for HW (3,231 ± 3,648 mL) and HM II (3,463 ± 3,050) ( p Conclusions Compared with HM II, implantation of the HW CF-LVAD was associated with reduced intraoperative and postoperative BP use and decreased CT output. Increased awareness of device-related differences in bleeding and BP use may improve CF-LVAD patient outcomes.
Paradigms in accounting research: A view from North America

Abstract The highest ranked U.S. business schools value, almost exclusively, publications in academic journals deemed to be “A-level” and high quantities of SSCI citations. But the so-called A-level journals, which typically are said to be five in number or less, publish predominantly empirical tests of economics-based models using large, archival data sets. Motivating researchers to publish papers that are situated only in these journals and that gather high quantities of SSCI citations, which are more likely if the publications are in mainstream topic areas, reduces topic, discipline, and research method diversity. The loss of diversity is costly to the schools themselves, the academy and, indeed, society. The narrow focus of the U.S. business schools provides a great opportunity for business schools in Europe and other parts of the world to take a leadership position in many important research areas. But that opportunity will be lost if those schools try to emulate the U.S. business school model.
Design and synthesis of a reagent for solid-phase incorporation of the phosphothreonine mimetic (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-methyl-4-phosphonobutyric Acid (Pmab) into peptides in a bio-reversible phosphonyl-bis-pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) prodrug form

Reported herein are the synthesis and solid-phase peptide incorporation of N-Fmoc-(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-methyl-4-phosphonobutyric acid bis-pivaloyloxymethyl phosphoryl ester [Fmoc-Pmab(POM)2-OH, 2] as a phosphatase-stable phosphothreonine (pThr) mimetic bearing orthogonal protection suitable for the synthesis of Pmab-containing peptides having bio-reversible protection of the phosphonic acid moiety. This represents the first report of a bio-reversibly protected pThr mimetic in a form suitable for facile solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Redox tuning of binuclear rhenium(V) complexes: The influence of pyridine substituents on the voltammetry of μ-oxobis[cis-dichloro-cis-dipyridyloxorhenium(V)]

Abstract The recent interest in the voltammetry of the dioxorhenium(V) complexes of pyridine prompted us to investigate the voltammetry of μ-oxo-bis[ cis -dichloro- cis -dipyridyloxorhenium(V)] complexes. Seven compounds containing pyridines with electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents were synthesized and their redox behavior characterized by variable potential sweep rate cyclic voltammetry and variable pulse height differential pulse voltammetry. Four one-electron redox couples are observed within the accessible potential range of CH 2 Cl 2 containing 0.10 M n-Bu 4 NPF 6 as the supporting electrolyte. The dimeric structure remains intact for the two oxidation and first reduction processes. The complex undergoes a reversible heterolytic cleavage of the μ-oxo linkage following the second reduction process. The redox potential for each process correlates with the inductive effect of the pyridyl substituent.
Aromatization of norethindrone to ethinyl estradiol by human placental microsomes.

The interaction of 19-norethindrone [4-estren-17α-ethinyl-17β-ol, 3-one (NET)] with human placental micro-somes was investigated using enzymatic and spectral techniques. The incubation of [6, 7-3H]norethindrone with human placental microsomes, NADPH, and molecular oxygen resulted in the production of ethinyl estradiol [l,3,5-(10)estratrien-17α-ethinyl-3,17β-diol (EE)]. The reaction was linear with respect to time and protein concentration. Androstenedione inhibited the enzymatic aromatization of NET to EE. The product was identified by thin layer chromatography, recrystallization to constant specific activity, and derivative formation. No acid or base was used in any step of product identification. To ensure that spontaneous aromatization of metabolites of NET did not contribute to our results, representative samples were treated with sodium boro-hydride before processing. Sodium borohydride reduces the 4-en-3-one grouping of the A-ring, thereby preventing chemical aromatization. Sodium borohydride treatm...
CD44-Based Adhesion and Mechanotransductive Signaling on Engineered Hyaluronic Acid Matrices

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most clinically aggressive primary brain tumor and is characterized by diffuse infiltration of glioma cells into brain parenchyma, which is rich in the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA). The extracellular matrix of GBM tumors is associated with aberrant HA secretion, overexpression of the HA receptor CD44, and tissue stiffening. Here we combine matrix engineering and genetic manipulation of GBM tumor cells to determine the role of HA/CD44 adhesion in the outputs of cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. We show that HA/CD44 adhesion contributes to the mechanosensing and invasive motility of GBM tumor cells, both intrinsically and in the context of RGD/integrin adhesion. We also find that three-dimensional cell invasion is maximized in an HA-rich environment, but reduction of CD44-based adhesion or addition of integrin-adhesive peptides to the matrix suppresses invasion. While comparatively much is known about cell-matrix mechanosensing through integrins and the role it may play in tumor progression, our findings reveal a previously under-appreciated role of CD44 and possibly other HA-specific receptors in this process. These findings have broad implications for the field's fundamental understanding of how cancer cells interact with the tumor microenvironment and suggest new therapeutic strategies.
Complex cerebellopontine angle mass in a patient with a history of falls.

Awoman in her 50s presented to the emergency department after a fall. She reported being clumsy her entire life, thoughwithworsening difficulty with balance over the past few years. She occasionally had falls, which were sometimes preceded by vertigo and “shaking” episodes. A contrast-enhanced temporal bone computed tomographic (CT) scan was performed. An axial image through the level of the temporal bones demonstrated a mixed-density mass within the right cerebellopontine angle (CPA) causing mass effect on the pons and cerebellum (Figure, A). The lateral soft-tissue density component of the mass extended through a widened porus acusticus and into the internal auditory canal (Figure, B), without bony destruction. No calcifications were identified. The medial component of the lesion demonstrated lower density, appearing at first to represent fluid or cystic change. Closer inspection, however, revealed negative Hounsfield units, indicating the presence of fat. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an unusual extra-axial CPA mass with multiple complex signals. A T1-weighted MRI scan demonstrated expected T1 hyperintensity within the medial component, confirming the presence of fat (Figure, B). The lateral component, at the porus acusticus, was isointense, without flow voids. T2-weighted images demonstrated additional complexity of signal with inhomogeneous signal in both the fat and the soft-tissue components (Figure, C). Postcontrast axial fat-saturated T1-weighted images (Figure, D) demonstrated nodular enhancement of the soft-tissue component and expected fat saturation of the medial component. Because of the mass’s effect on the brainstem, the mass was resected. What is your diagnosis? A B
Cultural sensitivity: Or, how to make the library a better place

Reference librarians interact with a broad range of customers and are expected to provide quality service to that clientele. In addition, library collections and services should reflect the community served and meet at least a portion of the information needs of that community. As the populations that reference librarians serve change and become more and more diverse, particularly in the case of those librarians serving academic communities, it is critical that the resulting library environments be conducive to the success of the populations served. As a result, librarians are compelled to become more culturally sensitive and to ensure that the library environment is open to all of those in the target population.
Complex swept source optical coherence tomography with ultra-small fiber probe for biomedical imaging

We demonstrate a catheter-based complex swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system using a 3x3 Mach-Zehnder quadrature interferometer and an ultra-small optic probe. Design and fabrication of fiber lens for ultrasmall optic probes are presented first. We compare in detail measured performance with expected theoretical performance. Then, we present a 3x3 Mach-Zehnder quadrature interferometer to acquire a complex interferometric signal for SS-OCT. We introduce an unbalanced differential detection method to improve the overall utilization of optical power and provide simultaneous access to the complementary phase components of the complex interferometric signal. No calculations by trigonometric relationships are needed. We compare the performance for our setup to that of a similar interferometer with a commonly used balanced detection technique. We demonstrate complex conjugate artifact suppression of 27 dB obtained in our swept-source optical coherence tomography using our unbalanced differential detection. OCT in vivo and ex vivo images shown in this presentation indicate that our catheter-based complex SS-OCT system is capable for imaging of biomedical tissues and inside organs for human and animals.
Synchronization of spontaneous calcium oscillations in the intact heart. An experimental/theoretical correlative study

We have recently reported that spontaneous calcium oscillations (S-CaOs) triggering propagated membrane depolarizations can contribute to arrhythmogenesis in the setting of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In a perfused Langendorff guinea pig heart preparation subjected to global I/R, simultaneous optical mapping of intracellular calcium transient and membrane voltage showed, in a majority of experiments, that once S-CaOs developed they were either followed every basic beat resulting in a bigeminal rhythm or became sustained resulting in a tachyarrhythmia. In some experiments, S-CaOs seemed to occur sporadically following some but not all basic beats. To investigate the mechanism of synchronization of S-CaOs in the intact heart resulting in a localized dominant focal activity we developed a theoretical model of pacemaker cells coupled to excitable cells. An array of excitable cells coupled to a small number of oscillatory cells were modeled using modified FHN equations. Small changes in both the intrinsic period of the oscillatory cells and the diffusion coefficient resulted in transitions similar to those seen in experiments. The behavior of the model strongly suggests that intermittent synchronization of S-CaOs in the intact heart can result in sporadic focal propagated responses.
Proximity factor in the Judd color difference formula.

When two colored samples are to be compared visually, the size of the perceived lightness difference will in general depend upon the spatial proximity of the samples. This is taken into account in the Judd formula for color difference [ D. B. Judd , Am. J. Psychol.52, 418 ( 1939).] which includes a proximity factor. This factor weights measured reflectance differences so that the perceived lightness differences predicted by the formula vary with the spatial proximity of the samples. A few tentative values have been assigned by Judd for various separations. A continuous, empirical expression for the proximity factor has been found as a function of angular separation of the samples under specified viewing conditions. A divided visual field was used, with variably separable halves. The halves could be interchanged without the knowledge of the observer, who was required to identify the darker half many times at each of several values of separation. The observer’s difficulty of identification increased with increasing dividing linewidth and was measured statistically in terms of errors of identification. From the error data and certain assumptions, a relationship between proximity factor and angular separation was deduced. A few tests were made in order to study possible effects of dividing linewidth on chromaticity discrimination. Under the particular test conditions which we used, no effect was observed.
Transport properties of topological superconductor-Luttinger liquid junctions: A real-time Keldysh approach

Inspired by a recent experimental observation of the zero-bias tunneling conductance in superconductor-semiconductor nanowire devices [V. Mourik et al., Science 336, 1003 (2012)], we consider here transport properties of the junctions consisting of a nanowire (Luttinger liquid) coupled to a topological superconductor characterized by the presence of Majorana zero-energy end states. The presence of the Majorana modes leads to a quantization of the zero-bias tunneling conductance at zero temperature. In order to understand this phenomenon, we have developed a framework, based on real-time Keldysh technique, which allows one to compute tunneling conductance at finite temperature and voltage in a realistic experimental setup. Our approach allows one to understand this transport phenomenon from a more general perspective by including the effect of interactions in the nanowire, which sometimes results in a drastic departure from the noninteracting predictions. Thus, our results provide a key insight for the tunneling experiments aiming at detecting Majorana particles in one-dimensional nanowire devices.
Bis[N,N′-bis­(trimethyl­silyl)ferrocene-1,1′-diaminato]uranium(IV)

The title compound, [U{Fe(C8H13NSi)2}2] or [Fe2U(C8H13NSi)4], possessess twofold symmetry in the crystal structure, with the U atom lying on the rotation axis; a distorted UN4 tetra­hedron results.
Advances in Modeling Completely Mixed Flow Reactors for Ion Exchange

This work advances the mathematical modeling of ion exchange treatment in completely mixed flow reactors in which there is recycle and regeneration of the ion exchange resin. The most common application of this process is magnetic ion exchange resin to remove dissolved organic carbon from raw drinking water. The motivation for this work was the complex distribution of resin particle ages and sizes that result from the recycle and regeneration processes. The newly developed model uses a single "age-averaged" diffusion equation to represent resin particle age as compared with the previous Monte Carlo model that uses a large number of diffusion equations to represent various resin particle ages. Advantages of the age-averaged model over the Monte Carlo model include a closed-form analytical solution for the steady-state case of the model, advanced numerical techniques used for the nonsteady-state case of the model, and model simulations require much less computational time and yield more accurate results. The age-averaged model is a robust numerical tool that can be used to evaluate a range of treatment scenarios as a result of these advancements.
Creep-Rupture Behavior of Six Candidate Stirling Engine Superalloys Tested in Air

The creep-rupture behavior of six candidate Stirling engine iron-base superalloys was determined in air. The alloys included four wrought alloys (A-286, Alloy 800H, N-155, and 19-9DL) and two cast alloys (CRM-6D and XF-818). The specimens were tested to rupture for times up to 3000 h at 650 to 925 C. Rupture life, t(r) minimum creep rate, and time to 1-percent creep strain t(0.01) were statistically analyzed as a function of stress and temperature. Estimated stress levels at different temperatures to obtain 3500 h t(r) and t(0.01) lives were determined. These data will be compared with similar data being obtained under 15 MPa hydrogen.
Salience of chromatic basic color terms confirmed by three measures

Using single color terms of their choice, nine subjects named each of 424 colors twice under carefully-controlled conditions. Compared to any other color names, the chromatic basic color terms (red, green, yellow, blue, orange, purple, brown and pink) are all used more consistently within subjects, with greater consensus between subjects, and with shorter mean response times; there is no overlap between the two categories of color names by any of these criteria. The results are interpreted as supporting the conception that basic color terms refer to fundamental sensations for which there is a specific physiological basis.
High temperature hydrogen sulfide adsorption on activated carbon: II. Effects of gas temperature, gas pressure and sorbent regeneration

Abstract Several types of activated carbon sorbents were evaluated for removal of H2S at high temperatures (400–600°C) in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation process. Part I of this series of papers discussed the effects of gas composition and metal addition. Here we examine the effects of gas temperature, gas pressure and sorbent regeneration. Adsorption experiments with a zinc-impregnated activated carbon sample produced almost identical breakthrough times at varied temperatures (400–600°C). High pressure (10 atm) adsorption experiments showed significantly longer breakthrough times at 10 atm compared to 1 atm. Gaseous H2 sample regeneration was found to be the most effective regeneration method of the variety of methods analyzed, with all previously H2S adsorbed sulfur being removed in a H2 regeneration experiment. While additional research is necessary to further evaluate sample regeneration and multi-cycle adsorption/regeneration, results of temperature and pressure effect experiments are encouraging for IGCC applications.