cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two parameter extension of an observation of poincaré

The infinite dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is derived as the weak limit of processes xn(t,s) constructed from first hitting position of spheres sn−1(et/2) for standard Brownian motion in Rn starting at the origin.
Procedure-Related Pain During Image-Guided Percutaneous Biopsies: A Retrospective Study of Prevalence and Predictive Factors.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of pain reported during image-guided percutaneous biopsies and to identify factors associated with increased reporte...
Restructuring Writing Assignments for Criminal Justice Courses for Underprepared Students

AbstractThis paper discusses a collaboration between a criminal justice professor and the coordinator of composition at a small, four-year University in a rural location. The goal was to restructur...
Normal gastrointestinal tract and variations on endoscopy

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease, can affect any location of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The endoscopic features of IBD are largely not specific. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IBD should be based on a combined assessment of clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and imaging features. It is important to recognize and identify the anatomy and landmarks in healthy individuals. There are variations in mucosal structures at different locations of the GI tract, for example, the height of villi in the duodenum and in the terminal ileum. Certain normal endoscopic features may overlap with that seen in IBD, such as granular or nodular mucosa in the duodenum bulb and lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum. This chapter highlights endoscopic features in the normal GI tract and their common variations in IBD and non-IBD conditions.
Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Tubal Anastomosis: Single Institution Analysis

Study Objective To study operative time and cost of robotic assisted laparoscopic tubal anastomosis beyond the learning curve. Secondary objective was to assess pregnancy rate. Design Retrospective Cohort Study. Setting University-affiliated hospital. Patients or Participants All patients who underwent robotic assisted laparoscopic tubal anastomosis from April 2013 to December 2018, performed by a single surgeon at a university-affiliated hospital. Interventions Robotic assisted laparoscopic tubal anastomosis surgery. Measurements and Main Results 109 patients were identified who underwent robotic tubal reversal. Retrospective analysis of EMR was performed. Phone survey was conducted. Operative times were evaluated for 106 cases. Age ranged from 27 to 46 (median 36 ± 4.7), BMI ranged from 18 to 47 (median 29 ± 5.8). Previous ligations included excisional (63%), cautery (13%), and mechanical obstruction (24%). 60% of patients had previous laparotomy. Mean operative time decreased with experience. In 2013, the average operative time was 140.7 ± 27.0 minutes. Average operative time in 2018 was 60.0 ± 9.1 minutes. Downward trend in operative time was highly significant (p The average cost of the surgery was $7,153.46 ± $1,484.41. Direct cost was $4798.25. Follow up information regarding pregnancy outcome was available in 59 patients. Mean follow up time was 37.5 months. 36 patients conceived spontaneously and 23 had not conceived (61%). 75% of patients under 37 became pregnant (n=24), whereas the pregnancy rate was 44% and 45% in the age groups 37-39 (n=7) and >40 years (n=5) respectively. Conclusion There is significant improvement in operative time for robotic assisted tubal anastomosis over time. The operative time of robotic assisted tubal anastomosis beyond the learning curve compares favorably, and may even surpass that of the laparoscopic approach, in our experience. Additionally, this is a cost-effective procedure in our institution when compared to laparoscopic approach.
Immunotherapy Induced Myasthenic-Like Syndrome in a Metastatic Melanoma Patient With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Immunotherapy agents such as ipilimumab and nivolumab are immensely effective in the treatment of various malignancies. Despite this, neurologic immune-related sequelae (NIRS) have been observed. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is critical to improve patient outcomes. We present a case of a 63-year-old man with stage IV metastatic melanoma beginning treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab. Gathered history from the patient showed that he had a 3-year presentation of bradykinesia, shuffling gait, and muscle cramping. After one dose, the patient began to have progressively worsening generalized weakness; after receiving the immunotherapy, there was a rapid decline in his health. In addition to weakness, the patient developed diplopia, impaired single breath count, lingual and upper/lower extremity fasciculations, and brisk reflexes. While the lumbar puncture and myasthenia panel were non-diagnostic, the electromyography (EMG) revealed axonal neuropathy and diffuse denervation/reinnervation changes. Furthermore, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displayed fatty replacement of the tongue with a bright tongue sign. These results pointed to the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) superimposed onto myasthenic-like syndrome. The patient was started on various treatments; however, unfortunately he died due to acute hypoxic respiratory failure. This case highlights important considerations that must be taken when using immunotherapy, especially in patients with pre-existing neurological deficits. Furthermore, it shows the importance of early diagnosis as treatment can potentially cure adverse sequelae.
Market Liquidity and Trading Activity

Previous studies of liquidity span short time periods and focus on the individual security. In contrast, we study aggregate market spreads, depths, and trading activity for U.S. equities over an extended time sample. Daily changes in market averages of liquidity and trading activity are highly volatile and negatively serially dependent. Liquidity plummets significantly in down markets. Recent market volatility induces a decrease in trading activity and spreads. There are strong dayof-the-week effects; Fridays accompany a significant decrease in trading activity and liquidity, while Tuesdays display the opposite pattern. Long- and short-term interest rates inf luence liquidity. Depth and trading activity increase just prior to major macroeconomic announcements. LIQUIDITY AND TRADING ACTIVITY are important features of financial markets, yet little is known about their evolution over time or about their time-series determinants. Their fundamental importance is exemplified by the inf luence of trading costs on required returns ~Amihud and Mendelson ~1986!, and Jacoby, Fowler, and Gottesman ~2000!! which implies a direct link between liquidity and corporate costs of capital. More generally, exchange organization, regulation, and investment management could all be improved by knowledge of factors that inf luence liquidity and trading activity. A better understanding of these determinants should increase investor confidence in financial markets and thereby enhance the efficacy of corporate resource allocation. Notwithstanding the importance of research about liquidity, existing studies of trading costs have all been performed over short time spans of a year or less. In addition, these studies have usually focused on the liquidity of individual securities. This is probably due to the tedious task of handling voluminous intraday data and, until recently, the paucity of intraday data going back more than a few years. Thus, virtually nothing is known about
If I had a song: The culture of digital community networks and its impact on the music industry

Technological innovations have always influenced the ways in which music is made and consumed in societies. Now that music has entered the digital realm a new revolution is underway, one in which fundamental changes in nearly all aspects of the culture of modern music experience are being driven by the interaction between technological innovations and the social impacts of those innovations. The Internet enables the development of widely dispersed, interactive audiences for musical products and services, and therefore the emergence of highly fragmented and highly specific niche markets for any conceivable form of music. One striking effect of the transformation of music from an analog to a digital entity has been a shift in power from the large and established music industry institutions to digital community networks. These new virtual communities of individual technology users, both as artists and as consumers, have evolved as dynamic and self-organizing entities based on patterns of electronic information interchange. The effects of this redistribution of power are manifesting themselves as shifts in cultural values: in behavioral changes, attitudinal changes, and even fundamental shifts in ethical judgments. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
Medical Decision Making among Adolescents and Young Adults with Heart Failure

Purpose In pediatric chronic illness groups, adolescent and young adult (AYA) medical decision making (DM) involvement is associated with important physical and psychosocial outcomes. Despite high morbidity, mortality, and treatment burden in AYAs with heart failure, their DM preferences and level of involvement are largely unknown. This study aimed to: 1) describe AYA DM preferences, 2) determine the degree of AYA DM involvement related to heart disease management, and 3) examine patient and disease characteristics associated with DM involvement. Methods AYAs (12-24 years) with heart failure or a significant post-heart transplant complication and a parent were enrolled at a single center. AYA/parent dyads completed a validated DM preferences item and Decision Making Involvement Scale. Standard descriptive statistics were reported and univariate comparisons were conducted. Results 46 patients and 44 parents participated. Patients were 63% male; 76% White. Dilated cardiomyopathy (28%), chemotherapy-related cardiomyopathy (24%), and single ventricle heart disease (17%) were the most common diagnoses. Disease burden was high with 59% having ≥6 hospitalizations, 50% having ≥3 cardiac surgeries, and 39% having extra-cardiac disease. Nearly half (48%) of AYAs reported a preference for active, patient-led DM; 24% desired shared DM with parent/medical team. Conversely, 36% of parents felt that they and the medical team should make decisions together without child involvement with a smaller group preferring shared DM with their child (25%) or patient-led DM (11%). AYA-parent dyads were highly discordant in DM preferences (P=0.004). Parents perceived seeking their child's opinion more than AYA report of such behavior (P=0.01). Greater time since diagnosis (P=0.01) and higher NYHA class (P=0.02) were associated with AYA preference for more active, patient-led DM. Older AYA age (P=0.04), congenital heart disease diagnosis (P=0.03), and transplant history (P=0.04) were associated with greater involvement in a recent heart disease management decision. Conclusion Most AYAs with heart failure desire involvement in their medical DM, often to a degree greater than what their parent(s) perceives. Interventions to enhance AYA engagement in their own medical DM are needed, along with future study of the associations of AYA DM involvement with physical and psychosocial outcomes.
Gross Anatomy for Physical Therapy course

The study of anatomy supported with human dissection is foundational to training of health science professionals. For a student, cadaver dissection offers an active learning experience. For the training of physical therapists, we created a manual that efficiently instructs the dissection of the whole body over the course of 30 laboratory periods. In the spirit of academic collegiality, this letter provides health science educators a direct download link (https://hdl.handle.net/11299/218174) to the dissection manual hosted by the University of Minnesota (USA) Digital Conservancy. No registration is required, the download is free, and the PDF file of the dissection manual can be reproduced or adapted for any educational use.
Abstract TP409: Reporting of Key Demographic Characteristics in Neurological Trials Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov

Introduction: To increase the transparency of clinical trial information, U.S. Congress passed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amendments Act of 2007, which expanded prior legislation to man...
Consciousness And Robot Sentience

The Real Problem of Consciousness Consciousness and Subjective Experience Perception and Qualia From Perception to Consciousness Emotions and Consciousness Inner Speech and Consciousness Qualia and Machine Consciousness Testing Consciousness Artificial Conscious Cognition Associative Information Processing Neural Realization of Associative Processing Designing a Cognitive Perception System Examples of Perception/Response Feedback Loops The Transition to Symbolic Processing Information Integration with Multiple Modules Emotional Significance of Percepts The Outline of the Haikonen Cognitive Architecture (HCA) Mind Reading Applications The Comparison of Some Cognitive Architectures Example: An Experimental Robot with the HCA Concluding Notes Consciousness Explained.
Theory of impact on thin targets and shields and correlation with experiment

Damage mechanisms of hypervelocity projectile impact on thin targets and spacecraft shields
Chemokine and Chemokine Receptor Analysis

This chapter describes the methodological approaches to studying the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the physiology of immune and inflammatory responses. Chemokines share the common function of attracting leukocytes to sites of an inflammatory or immune response. The G protein-coupled cell surface receptors (GPCRs) as signal transducers of chemotaxis appear to be highly conserved in evolution, being present on amoebae and slime molds, and are involved in the signaling of chemotaxis in these simple eukaryotes. Activation of chemokine receptors is usually accompanied by a transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium. The attraction of leukocytes to sites of inflammation and infection is an essential component of the host response to disease. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been shown to be an integral part of this process and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders. The recruited monocytes and T lymphocytes are thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaque, and thus the molecular signals that attract these cells into the lesions are likely important for lesion formation. The majority of cells recruited into the synovium are neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes that presumably help propagate the inflammation and joint destruction. Chemokine expression in the lung or blood could be used as a reliable noninvasive marker of inflammation in the airways and thus would be of great value in the management of asthma.
The Changing Face of Florida's Hispanics

This study closely examines the spatial changes of Florida's Hispanic population. It gives close attention to the current migratory movements of Hispanics to and within Florida. The study also provides an analysis of the number and distribution of the shifting demographics of Florida's Hispanics. The research examines the specific case of Central Florida as the new core area for the state's Hispanic population.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

This issue provides a clinical overview of gastroesophageal reflux disease, focusing on diagnosis, treatment, and practice improvement. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult http://smartmedicine.acponline.org, http://mksap.acponline.org, and other resources referenced in each issue of In the Clinic.
Structural Aspects of Antibodies and Antibody‐Antigen Complexes

The structures of several Fab fragments and Fab-antigen complexes have now been solved at high resolution. These structures of antibodies in complex with proteins, peptides and various other haptens have enabled us to gain insights into the structural basis of immune recognition. Early structures of Fab fragments with and without bound haptens showed the antibody combining sites to be pockets or grooves. More recent Fab-protein complex structures have shown the antibody-antigen interactions to be more extensive with flatter, more undulating binding surfaces. We have solved the structures of three Fab fragments in their native form and as complexes with their respective antigens. Two of these are anti-peptide Fab fragments, the other an anti-progesterone Fab. Comparison of the free and bound structures indicates small but significant changes in the antibody on ligand binding. An analysis of the Fab complexes solved so far indicates that the antibodies can have very differently shaped binding sites, depending on the antigen.
A light theory of color

Traditional theories locate color in primary qualities of objects, in dispositional properties of objects, in visual fields, or nowhere. In contrast, we argue that color is located in properties of light. More specifically, light is red iff there is a property P of the light that typically interacts with normal human perceivers to give the sensation of red. This is an error theory, because objects and visual fields that appear red are not really red, since they lack the properties that make light red. We show how this light theory solves or avoids problems that afflict its competitors.
Lateral mixing in the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River

[i] Lateral dispersion coefficients for two dispersants were determined for three sections of the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River. The dispersants were the specific conductance and an industrialorganic compound (trimethyltriazinetrione). Three models based on the stream tube concept were used, and lateral dispersion coefficients computed from these models were comparable. Coefficients for the two dispersants also were comparable. Lateral dispersion coefficients were consistent with expectations based on the characteristics of the river sections. Overall average values were 0.444 m 2 /s for a relatively straight section of river, 1.69 m 2 /s for a section containing two sharp bends, and 2.22 m 2 /s for a long section containing four sharp bends and several small islands. The lateral dispersion coefficients measured for the Mississippi River are consistent with literature data and a water discharge relation. Results of this study provide lateral dispersion coefficients for a water discharge not previously reported in the literature as well as new values for the Mississippi River.
Shared tree wireless network multicast

In this paper we propose a multicast protocol for a multihop, mobile wireless network with cluster based routing and token access protocol within each cluster. The multicast protocol uses a shared tree which is dynamically updated to adjust to changes in topology and membership (i.e. dynamic joins and quits). Two options for tree maintenance have been simulated and evaluated: "hard state" (i.e. each connection must be explicitly cleared) and "soft state" (each connection is automatically timed out and must be refreshed). For the soft state policy, the performance of different choices of timeout and refresh timers is first analyzed for a range of node mobility values. Next, soft state and hard state policies are compared based on throughput, join delay, and control overhead criteria.
A dog model to study ovary, ovarian ligament and visceral pain.

Abstract Objective A dog model was developed to study visceral pain by stimulating the ovarian ligament. Study design Prospective experimental trial. Animals Twelve 1-year old female hound dogs weighing 25.7 ± 3.6 kg. Methods Dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane. The right ovary was accessed via laparoscopy. A suture was placed around the ovarian ligament and exteriorized through the abdominal wall for stimulation. The noxious stimulus consisted of pulling the ovary and ovarian ligament with a force transducer. The response to noxious stimulation was determined using the anesthetic minimum alveolar concentration requirement (MAC) for sevoflurane. The ovarian MAC was compared to the standardized somatic noxious stimulation tail clamp MAC. The results are depicted as mean ± SD and corrected to sea-level. Results The stimulus–response curve during ovarian stimulation in three dogs was hyperbolic and best represented by a three-parameter logistic growth curve model. The curve plateaued at 7.12 ± 4.19 N. From the stimulus-response curve, we chose 6.61 N to test the consistency and repeatability of the model in nine dogs. The ovarian stimulation MAC for sevoflurane in these dogs was 2.16 ± 0.46%. The ovarian stimulation confidence interval and limits are comparable to the results from tail stimulation MAC. The tail stimulation MACs before and after laparoscopy surgery were not different (1.86 ± 0.28% and 1.77 ± 0.38% respectively; p > 0.05) but lower when compared to the ovarian MAC ( p Conclusions and clinical relevance The ovarian stimulation model is an adequate and repeatable means of producing visceral stimulation to determine MAC. The model may provide a humane mechanism to study the effectiveness of analgesics for acute ovarian pain.
AppInsight: mobile app performance monitoring in the wild

The mobile-app marketplace is highly competitive. To maintain and improve the quality of their apps, developers need data about how their app is performing in the wild. The asynchronous, multithreaded nature of mobile apps makes tracing difficult. The difficulties are compounded by the resource limitations inherent in the mobile platform. To address this challenge, we develop AppInsight, a system that instruments mobile-app binaries to automatically identify the critical path in user transactions, across asynchronous-call boundaries. AppInsight is lightweight, it does not require any input from the developer, and it does not require any changes to the OS. We used AppInsight to instrument 30 marketplace apps, and carried out a field trial with 30 users for over 4 months. We report on the characteristics of the critical paths that AppInsight found in this data. We also give real-world examples of how AppInsight helped developers improve the quality of their app.
Non-enzymatic glycation alters microdamage formation in human cancellous bone.

Introduction The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in bone has been suggested to adversely affect the fracture resistance of bone with aging, diabetes, and pharmacological treatments. The formation of AGEs increases crosslinking in the organic matrix of bone but it is unknown how elevated levels of AGEs affect the mechanisms of fracture resistance such as microdamage formation.
MagPairing: Exploiting magnetometers for pairing smartphones in close proximity

With the prevalence of mobile computing, lots of wireless devices need to establish secure communication on the fly without pre-shared secrets. Device pairing is critical for bootstrapping secure communication between two previously unassociated devices over the wireless channel. Using auxiliary out-of-band channels involving visual, acoustic, tactile or vibra- tional sensors has been proposed as a feasible option to facilitate device pairing. However, these methods usually require users to perform additional tasks such as copying, comparing, and shaking. It is preferable to have a natural and intuitive pairing method with minimal user tasks. In this paper, we introduce a new method, called MagPairing, for pairing smartphones in close proximity by exploiting corre- lated magnetometer readings. In MagPairing, users only need to naturally tap the smartphones together for a few seconds without performing any additional operations in authentication and key establishment. Our method exploits the fact that smartphones are equipped with tiny magnets. Highly correlated magnetic field patterns are produced when two smartphones are close to each other. We design MagPairing protocol and implement it on Android smartphones. We conduct extensive simulation and experiments to evaluate MagPairing. Experimental results show that MagPairing can successfully pair two smartphones with 4.5 seconds on average. It is immune to man-in-the-middle attack even when the attacker is a few centimeters away from the pairing devices.
Studies on the action of chlordimeform in cockroaches

Abstract The effects of chlordimeform [ N -(2-methyl-4-chlorophenyl)- N′,N′ -dimethylformamidine] on amine regulatory mechanisms in insects were studied. Chlordimeform inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO) from cockroach heads in vitro , and the MAO substrates serotonin and norepinephrine accumulate in poisoned insects in vivo . Chlordimeform synergizes the toxicity of tryptamine, another MAO substrate. The significance of these findings in relation to the mode of action of chlordimeform is discussed.
DRUG RESISTANCE FOLLOWING IRRADIATION OF RIF-1 TUMORS: INFLUENCE OF THE INTERVAL BETWEEN IRRADIATION AND DRUG TREATMENT

Abstract RIF-1 tumors contain a small number of cells (1 to 100 per 10 6 cells) that are resistant to 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, or adriamycin. The frequency of drug-resistant cells among individual untreated tumors is highly variable. Radiation, delivered in vivo at doses of 3 to 12 Gy, increases the frequency of methotrexate- and 5-fluorouracil-resistant cells, but not the frequency of adriamycin-resistant cells. The magnitude of induction of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate resistance shows a complex dependence on the radiation dose and on the interval between irradiation and assessment of drug resistance. For a dose of 3 Gy, induced 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate resistance is seen only after an interval of 5 to 7 days, whereas for a dose of 12 Gy, high levels of induced resistance are observed 1 to 3 days after irradiation. The maximum absolute risk for induction of resistance is 4 per 10 4 cells per Gy for methotrexate, and 3 per 10 6 cells per Gy for 5-fluorouracil. These results indicate that tumor hypoxia may play a role in the increased levels of drug resistance seen after irradiation, and that both genetic and environmental factors may influence radiation-induction of drug resistance. These studies provide essential data for models of the development of tumor drug resistance, and imply that some of the drug resistance seen when chemotherapy follows radiotherapy may be caused by radiation-induced drug resistance.
Item preference in a token economy ward store.

Token spending by 20 schizophrenic patients was monitored over a six-month period. It was found that: (1) token expenditures for cigarettes and “edibles” far surpassed other store item categories; and (2) percentage increases in token expenditures were greatest for categories of items relating to appearance and grooming, strongly suggesting that store purchasing patterns over time may provide an index of program effectiveness.
Differential behavioral and biochemical effects of four dopaminergic agonists.

Some behavioral and biochemical effects of four dopaminergic agonists (apomorphine, piribedil, lergotrile, and bromocriptine) were determined in the mouse. As expected, all four drugs dose-dependently reversed the α-methyltyrosine-induced decline of fore-brain dopamine. All four compounds reduced locomotor activity at low doses, but only apomorphine and bromocriptine increased motor activity at higher doses. All four drugs caused some reversal of the baclofen-induced elevation in forebrain dopamine concentrations, but only apomorphine and bromocriptine completely reversed the effects of baclofen. After chronic treatment with haloperidol, the behavioral effects of lergotrile and bromocriptine were altered. Doses of those drugs reducing motor activity in normal animals were ineffective after chronic haloperidol. The latent stimulation induced by bromocriptine was enhanced, while a stimulatory effect of lergotrile emerged in these animals. These effects were noted in conjunction with an enhanced sensitivity to the drug-induced decrease in dopamine turnover. These results demonstrate that dopamine agonists may be differentiated on the basis of certain behavioral and biochemical tests and suggest an interaction of these drugs with two different populations of dopamine receptors.
Two-stream electrostatic instability

The variations of the maximum growth rate and the associated frequency of oscillation and the drift velocity with the change in the number density of the streaming electrons relative to that of the stationary electrons are discussed for the instability of the longitudinal plasma wave having its wave vector in the direction of the electron stream. It is found that the maximum growth rate has the largest value when the number densities of the stationary and the streaming electrons are equal.
Root ages of advance hardwood reproduction

Abstract Advance reproduction is important in naturally regenerating stands of hardwood tree species. Well established root systems are considered essential in assuring such regeneration. This paper reports results from four studies conducted in northern West Virginia, U.S.A., that obtained data on the ages and diameters of roots of nine hardwood species. Samples were taken from understory trees with maximum diameters below the root collar of 5.08 cm. We found that ages ranged from 1 to 50 years and averaged 12.6; diameters ranged from 0.15 to 5.03 cm and averaged 0.76 cm. Indications are that root systems of advance reproduction may often exceed the 50 years of age documented.
Approaching the complete-basis limit with a truncated many-body expansion

High-accuracy electronic structure calculations with correlated wave functions demand the use of large basis sets and complete-basis extrapolation, but the accuracy of fragment-based quantum chemistry methods has most often been evaluated using double-ζ basis sets, with errors evaluated relative to a supersystem calculation using the same basis set. Here, we examine the convergence towards the basis-set limit of two- and three-body expansions of the energy, for water clusters and ion–water clusters, focusing on calculations at the level of second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). Several different corrections for basis-set superposition error (BSSE), each consistent with a truncated many-body expansion, are examined as well. We present a careful analysis of how the interplay of errors (from all sources) influences the accuracy of the results. We conclude that fragment-based methods often benefit from error cancellation wherein BSSE offsets both incompleteness of the basis set as well as higher-order many-body effects that are neglected in a truncated many-body expansion. An n-body counterpoise correction facilitates smooth extrapolation to the MP2 basis-set limit, and at n = 3 affords accurate results while requiring calculations in subsystems no larger than trimers.
Health care reform 2010: a fresh view on tort reform.

Purpose: We reviewed the state of medical malpractice tort reform in the context of a new political climate and the current debate over comprehensive health care reform. Specifically we asked whether medical malpractice tort reform is necessary, and evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of contemporary reform proposals.Materials and Methods: The medical, legal and public policy literature related to medical malpractice tort reform was reviewed and synthesized. We include a primer for understanding the current structure of medical malpractice law, identify the goals of the current system and analyze whether these goals are presently being met. Finally, we describe and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the current reform proposals including caps on damages, safe harbors and health care courts.Results: Medical malpractice tort law is designed to improve health care quality and appropriately compensate patients for medical malpractice injuries, but is failing on both fronts. Of the 3 proposed remedies...
Laser devices by selective-area epitaxy

The design and operation of strained-laser InGaAs-GaAs laser sources fabricated by selective-area epitaxy (SAE) are presented. These devices include lasers with low threshold currents, lasers with nonabsorbing mirrors, and dual channel sources. The low threshold lasers have threshold currents as low as 2.65 mA for an uncoated device and 0.97 mA for a coated device. The lasers with nonabsorbing mirrors exhibited optical powers up to approximately 325 mW/facet (4 micrometer wide output aperture), which is a greater than 40% increase over conventional SAE lasers. The dual channel source is capable of coupling two discrete optical sources into a single mode fiber without the need for an external coupler.
Developmental Models for Estimating Ecological Responses to Environmental Variability: Structural, Parametric, and Experimental Issues

Developmental models that account for the metabolic effect of temperature variability on poikilotherms, such as degree-day models, have been widely used to study organism emergence, range and development, particularly in agricultural and vector-borne disease contexts. Though simple and easy to use, structural and parametric issues can influence the outputs of such models, often substantially. Because the underlying assumptions and limitations of these models have rarely been considered, this paper reviews the structural, parametric, and experimental issues that arise when using degree-day models, including the implications of particular structural or parametric choices, as well as assumptions that underlie commonly used models. Linear and non-linear developmental functions are compared, as are common methods used to incorporate temperature thresholds and calculate daily degree-days. Substantial differences in predicted emergence time arose when using linear versus non-linear developmental functions to model the emergence time in a model organism. The optimal method for calculating degree-days depends upon where key temperature threshold parameters fall relative to the daily minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as the shape of the daily temperature curve. No method is shown to be universally superior, though one commonly used method, the daily average method, consistently provides accurate results. The sensitivity of model projections to these methodological issues highlights the need to make structural and parametric selections based on a careful consideration of the specific biological response of the organism under study, and the specific temperature conditions of the geographic regions of interest. When degree-day model limitations are considered and model assumptions met, the models can be a powerful tool for studying temperature-dependent development.
DECREASED TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1 IN AUTISM: A POTENTIAL LINK BETWEEN IMMUNE DYSREGULATION AND IMPAIRMENT IN CLINICAL BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairment in social interactions, communication deficits, and restricted repetitive interests and behaviors. There is evidence of both immune dysregulation and autoimmune phenomena in autism. We examined the regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta 1) because of its role in controlling immune responses. Plasma levels of active TGF beta 1 were evaluated in 75 children with ASD compared with 68 controls. Children with ASD had significantly lower plasma TGF beta 1 levels compared with typically developing controls (p=0.0017) and compared with children with developmental disabilities other than ASD (p=0.0037), after adjusting for age and gender. In addition, there were significant correlations between psychological measures and TGF beta 1 levels, such that lower TGF beta 1 levels were associated with lower adaptive behaviors and worse behavioral symptoms. The data suggest that immune responses in autism may be inappropriately regulated due to reductions in TGF beta 1. Such immune dysregulation may predispose to the development of possible autoimmune responses and/or adverse neuroimmune interactions during critical windows in development.
Multiple Myeloma and Other Malignancies: A Pilot Study From the Houston VA

Abstract Background The prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) has improved in recent years. Therefore, second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) may become an issue for longer term survivors with MM. An increased incidence of second malignancies was reported in patients who received lenalidomide for relapsed or refractory myeloma. Patients and Methods Data from the Tumor Registry of the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center (1995-2010) were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival statistics were calculated. Results In 197 patients with MM, 39 different cancers were observed in 33 patients, the large majority occurring before the diagnosis of MM, with most being early-stage or good-prognosis malignancies. Despite this, the prognosis of patients with a second or third cancer was clearly inferior to patients without other cancers. Notable was a significant number of prostate cancers as preexisting malignancies. Conclusion At present, most other cancers (for which MM is the secondary malignancy) may not be related to the treatment for myeloma, but due to underlying immunologic, genetic, or environmental factors. Larger studies and careful follow-up, especially in good-risk patients treated with novel agents, are indicated.
Laminar Flow Past Colinear Spheres With Fluid Injection

This paper discusses a validated computer simulation model, developed for the analysis and design of colinear porous sphere systems in a convective stream. Using a modified and extended finite element software package, the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations have been solved describing laminar axisymmetric flow past closely spaced monodisperse spheres with fluid injection. Of interest are the coupled nonlinear interaction effects on the fluid flow patterns and ultimately on the drag coefficient of each sphere for different free stream Reynolds numbers (20 {le} Re {le} 200) and intersphere spacings (1.5 {le} d{sub ij} {le} 6.0) in the presence of fluid injection (0 {le} {upsilon}{sub b} {le} 0.1). At small spacings and low Reynolds numbers, fluid injection causes earlier flow separation while for Re {ge} 100 surface blowing is more influential in altering the recirculation zones between spheres and thickening the boundary layers. As a result, the total drag of each sphere decreases with increasing blowing intensity although the pressure or form drag of the first sphere may increase at small spacings.
Subject strategies in part-whole transfer in free recall

The effect of instructing subjects as to the nature of the relationship between the two lists of a part-to-whole transfer situation has been studied in a number of cases with conflicting results. Some studies have shown that instructions to the subject produce positive transfer, while in others only slight effects from instructions may be noted. Detailed analysis of subject output protocols in a part-to-whole experiment demonstrated that subjects who maintained their List 1 organization showed positive transfer to the whole list. Reanaiysis of several studies in the literature supported the conclusion that subjects who maintain their organization will show positive transfer under these conditions. In a second experiment, it is demonstrated that subjects can be instructed to maintain their List 1 organization during List 2 and that such instruction enhances the amount of positive transfer obtained. The results are viewed as consistent with a hierarchical version of an organization theory for recall performance.
Temper embrittlement of Ni-Cr Steels by phosphorus

Temper embrittlement in 3.5 pct Ni, 1.7 pct Cr steels doped with P and isothermally aged at several temperatures was studied by measurements of ductile-to-brittle transition temperature and hardness, which were correlated with observations of the intergranular fracture surfaces by Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron fractography. It is shown that if all other factors remain constant, the effect of a small change in the matrix hardness can be very large; “overaging” (a maximum in embrittlement with respect to aging time) was found to result from softening rather than from a reversal of segregation of P. Nickel was found to be segregated at the grain boundaries, and both Ni and Cr appear to enhance the amount of segregated P. The major role of Cr was found to be its effect of increasing matrix hardness (by enhancing hardenability and resistance to softening during tempering), resulting in an increased susceptibility to temper embrittlement. The effect of variations in the roughness of grain boundary topography appears to be small. It is shown that the segregation of P to grain boundaries can be accounted for by diffusion from the matrix and is consistent with the hypothesis of equilibrium (Gibbsian) segregation. The results are in qualitative agreement with the thermo-dynamic theory of Guttmann.
A CROSS-CLASSIFICATION OF PRISON SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAM MODELS; THE RELEVANCE OF STRUCTURAL FIT

ABSTRACT Correctional administrators are under increasing demand to provide inmates with substance abuse treatment programs. Based on field observations of prison drug treatments programs in a large Midwestern state and the correctional treatment literature, a cross-classification of drug treatment programs is presented. The classification is based on the structural dimensions of program autonomy and horizontal articulation. Based on the experience of drug treatment programs in correctional facilities, it is suggested that the classification presents important implications for the development, implementation, and likely impact of programs. The relevance of “structural” fit is highlighted.
Correlates with perfectionism and the utility of a dual process model

Previous research regarding perfectionism points toward many of its negative correlates. Other research has suggested support for the notion that perfection is related to both positive and negative aspects. In this study, we utilize the dual process model explicated by Slade and Owens (1998) that indicates an essential distinction between positive (adaptive) and negative (maladaptive) perfectionism. According to this model, positive and negative perfectionists may exhibit the same or similar behavior prima facie, but their latent motivations and corresponding affective states and cognitive processes are different. Correlates with positive and negative perfectionism were investigated. Negative perfectionism was found to correlate with emotional suppression as a coping mechanism, maximization, cognitive dysfunctions, depression, and regret. Positive perfectionism was found to correlate with life-satisfaction and maximization, but not with cognitive dysfunctions, depression, and regret, among other maladaptive characteristics. We argue these results (1) provide indicative evidence for the dual process model, and thus contend it will be useful for interpreting perfectionism in the future, and (2) raise important implications regarding the nature of the distinction between positive and negative perfectionism as well as between perfectionism and maximization.
Droplet mass transfer, intradroplet nucleation and submicron particle production in two-phase flow of solvent-supercritical antisolvent emulsion

Abstract Droplet formation, droplet interaction and coagulation together with droplet mass transfer are major sub-processes in the developing technology of nanoparticle production by means of solute nucleation inside the emulsion droplet. The solvent (ethanol) droplets containing the solute form during the solvent jet dispergation in the pressurized flow of solvent CO2. In the formed two phases flow of solvent–antisolvent emulsion, the solvent diffuses from droplets into antisolvent, while antisolvent dissolves inside solvent droplets. The solvent replacement by the antisolvent causes droplet supersaturation by solute when it occurs near the critical point of solvent–antisolvent emulsion (∼80 bar and 31 °C) and the intradroplet nucleation of solute. To provide the same droplet lifetime and the uniform droplet supersaturation, the hydrodynamic relaxation time for droplets and for two phases flow have to be shorter than their relaxation time of the mass transfer. Above a critical volume fraction of solvent, droplets dissolve partially. Afterwards, i.e. downstream, antisolvent is saturated with solvent, i.e. phase equilibrium establishes within two-phase flow with uniform solute supersaturation inside droplets. Under these conditions, an additional mechanism of the supersaturation is identified, which is droplet specific (the supersaturation caused by increasing solute concentration), and is favorable for small particle production. As long as droplets move along the last quasi-equilibrium section of uniform two-phase flow with length L, the nucleation and a solute precipitation proceed within droplets, i.e. the dimension of formed particles is controlled by droplet residence time τres which is proportional to L and inversely proportional to stream velocity. The maximal τres and the precipitation time which affect nanoparticle dimension is restricted by the rate of turbulent droplet coagulation.
Hospitality and its discontents: Beyond bowling alone

According to Georg Simmel, commensality, the act of eating together, is fundamentally about the affirmation of social relations, where sharing food becomes a means of cementing ties. Food operates as a discursive field through which people construct boundaries of similarities and difference, and becomes an extraordinarily versatile vehicle for examining people's ambivalences about modernity, as well as the persistence of class and gender inequality. In my research on people's domestic hospitality, I explored the pleasures and burdens of feeding work in contexts beyond the family. What does food work look like when people invite friends, neighbors, and others into their homes for a meal? Potlucks, dinner parties, and barbecues operate as sites where the oppressive and liberating aspects of food labor come together in interesting ways. Quite simply, people invite folks into their homes and offer them food. They cook for them. These occasions are both pleasurable and problematic, for it is with no small effort that appropriate foods and social arrangements be constructed. The effort of hosting and feeding non-kin is considerable. While the outcomes are often pleasurable, many events provoke difficulties and conflicts, revealing people's fears about close social relations. Indeed, cohesion often involves a certain amount of coercion, manifest through menu, manners, and reciprocity. In my research on people's sociability beyond family meals, I found a consistent undercurrent of discomfort. This cultural tension between civilized behavior and comfort is not new to American culture but it has a particular configuration in contemporary times.