cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Employee Gender and Job Congruency on Customer Satisfaction

Selecting the best employees for customer contact jobs is critically important for customer satisfaction and, ultimately, an organization's success. One potential influence on satisfaction is the congruency between the characteristics of the employee and customer expectations. This research examines how customers respond to employees who are not of the typical, or expected, gender in gender-typed jobs. Two experiments were conducted that used scenarios of service encounters to manipulate employee gender and gender dominance of the occupation in between-subjects designs. The dependent variables were level of satisfaction with the service encounter (Experiment 1) and employee evaluation (Experiment 2). The results generally showed that respondents evaluated employees more positively when they performed congruent rather than incongruent jobs. In addition, gender and trait characteristics of the respondents influenced the way employee gender affected evaluations. The preference for congruent employees was strongest among male respondents and cross-sex-typed respondents. A different type of congruency was also found. That is, some respondents evaluated employees more positively if they were the same rather than the opposite gender as themselves. This effect was strongest for female and for gender-aschematic respondents.
Phenomenology of Pain and Suffering at the End of Life: A Humanistic Perspective in Gerontological Health and Social Work

In this article, the author examines the phenomenology of pain and suffering and the fundamentally social nature of living with serious illness for older adults at life's end. She focuses on three concerns in gerontological health and social work: developing a phenomenological account of lived experiences of pain and suffering; articulating a humanistic phenomenological perspective on the axiological and ethical dimensions of pain and suffering; and exploring a phenomenological approach to a more humanistic, person-centered social work practice with older adults in end-of-life and palliative care. The contribution that the author makes through this article is in elaborating a humanistic framework for understanding agency, obligation, and ethical choice in end-of-life decision making.
The absolute stability of certain types of controlled biological systems.

Abstract The differential equations describing chemical control systems of the Yates-Pardee (1956) type are put into a canonical form with the aid of the Lur'e (1951) transformation. The stability properties of the transformed equations are examined by methods based on the second Lyapunov theorem. The results illustrate that sustained concentration oscillations cannot arise in controlled biochemical reactions of the type described by equations (1), n = 1. For n > 1, the nature of the non-linear feedback function determines whether or not sustained oscillations can arise in the chemical control systems. It is shown, however, that even if these constants assume certain values in the prescribed range, sustained oscillations do not in fact arise. Digital computer simulations provided no indication that sustained concentration oscillations can arise in chemical control systems described by equations (1), n =1, n = 2 and n = 3.
Prospective quality-of-life assessment in patients receiving concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy as a bladder preservation strategy.

Abstract Objectives To assess, in a Phase I study, whether bladder preservation with concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy (RT) influenced patient-reported quality of life (QOL) as determined by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder (FACT-BL). Methods Between January 1998 and March 2002, 24 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were enrolled, and 23 patients underwent transuretheral resection of bladder tumor, followed by twice-weekly gemcitabine with concurrent RT. The initial dose was 10 mg/m 2 given twice weekly and increased as tolerated. To assess treatment-related QOL, patients completed the FACT-BL questionnaire. Results Of the 24 patients enrolled, 23 (96%) were assessed for toxicity and response. The FACT-generic (G) QOL assessment was obtained from 22 (92%) of 23 patients. No statistically significant difference was found in the FACT-G or FACT-BL or the combination before, during, or after treatment. The FACT-BL values were lower in patients who received higher doses of gemcitabine (greater than 20 mg/m 2 versus 20 mg/m 2 or less). At least one dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was experienced by 5 (23%) of 22 patients. The FACT-G values were lower for those patients who experienced DLT (difference of −13.1, P = 0.07). The physical well-being scores for patients who experienced DLT were lower after treatment (difference of −5.2, P = 0.03) compared with those without DLT. Conclusions Concurrent RT and gemcitabine failed to statistically influence patient-reported QOL, although patients who received higher doses reported lower FACT-BL scores. The results of this study suggest that concurrent gemcitabine with conformal RT is a tolerable treatment regimen for bladder preservation, as demonstrated by the excellent treatment compliance and similar FACT measurements.
Calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in plasma membranes of bovine epididymal spermatozoa.

Abstract Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in the plasma membranes of bovine epididymal spermatozoa was stimulated by added Ca 2+ and calmodulin. The rate of hydrolysis and responsiveness toward calmodulin was greater for cAMP than for cGMP. The kinetic analysis of the activity revealed two forms of phosphodiesterase with apparent K m values of 7.5 and 95 μ m for cAMP. Calmodulin stimulated both of the activities by increasing the V max without affecting the K m 's . The activity response with respect to Ca 2+ concentration appears to be biphasic in both the absence and presence of added calmodulin. Trifluoperazine inhibited the Ca 2+ - and calmodulin-sensitive enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. The calmodulin-stimulated phosphodiesterase activity in the sperm plasma membranes can be solubilized and absorbed to a Calmodulin-Sepharose affinity column in the presence of Ca 2+ .
The Effect of Intracisternally Injected Ouabain on Perilymph Electrolyte Concentrations

A means for altering the ionic composition of perilymph utilizing the cochlear aqueduct and cerebro-spinal fluid in chinchillas is introduced. A decrease in sodium and an increase in potassium concentration in perilymph was observed after ouabain was injected into cerebrospinal fluid. The time course of changes in the perilymph paralleled the CSF change but with a time lag which had not reached equilibrium within 60 minutes.
Tarmac delay surveillance and mitigation system: Requirements analysis for NextGen

Several widely publicized incidents, in which passengers remained on an aircraft on the tarmac for up to 11 hours prompted the Department of Transportation (DOT) to issue a new rule designed to provide consumer protection to airline passengers. The rule mandates water/food/amenities for passengers on a plane for two hours, and an option to deplane after three hours. The rule also stipulates that airlines develop internal, auditable plans to meet the two/three hour clauses, and to report tarmac delays to the government for causal analysis.
Alkane Hydroxylation by a Nonheme Iron Catalyst that Challenges the Heme Paradigm for Oxygenase Action

A nonheme iron catalyst catalyzed stereoselective oxidation of alkanes with H2O2 with remarkable efficiency and exhibiting an unprecedented high incorporation of water into the oxidized products. The present results challenge the canonical description of oxygenases, the standard oxo-hydroxo tautomerism that applies to heme systems and serves as a precedent for alternative pathways for the oxidation of hydrocarbons at nonheme iron oxygenases.
A NEW CHYTRID GENUS: NEPHROCHYTRIUM

IN CONNECTION with my observations of Diplophlyctis in 1928 another chytrid was encountered in dead internodes of Nitella and Chara which was then believed to relate to the same genus. An analysis of the data and drawings made at that time, however, shows that it is quite distinct in method of development and thus merits consideration as a new fungus. Publication of these data has been delayed in hopes of finding the organism again and completing my observations on certain phases of its structure and development. Unfortunately, it has not been found since its initial appearance, but I am none the less bringing my early data to the attention of mycologists at the present time with the hopes that they will stimulate a more extensive search for this chytrid. The sporangia and zoospores are strikingly similar in appearance to those of D. intestina, but the development of the former structure appears at present to be fundamentally different. Whereas in D. intestina the sporangia and resting spores are formed as enlargements of the germ tube (Karling, 1930), in the present species they develop as protuberances or outgrowths from a transverse, fusiform, spindleshaped, medianly constricted apophysis. Furthermore, occasional intercalary, spindle-shaped swellings occur in the rhizoidal system, while the zoospore case becomes thickened, amber in color, and persists on the surface of the host cell as an appendage to the sporangia and resting spores. These characteristics distinguish this fungus from any of the known chytrid genera, and I am tentatively proposing a new genus, Nephrochytrium, to include it. This generic name is chosen with the view of emphasizing the characteristic shape of the sporangia and resting spores, and since the zoospore case is persistent as an appendage, I am naming the type species N. appendiculatum. Nephrochytrium gen. nov. Thallus intramatricalis, monocentricus, eucarpicus. Zoosporangia forma diversa, apophyside atque papillis vel tubulis longitudine variis praedita; apophyside excreta et pariete maturitate disjuncta. Systema rhizoidorum valde ramosorum crassa, fusiformibus, intercalaribus, inerementis aliquando longius facta lata; zoosporae uniguttulatae atque cilio posteriore praeditae; sporae perdurantes forma diversae, apophyside atque pariete crasso praeditae; apophyside excretae; germinatio incomperta. N. appendiculatum sp. nov. Fungus saprophyticus; zoosporangiis numerosis, hyalinis, levibus subsphericis, complanatis, depressis, plerunque paullo reniformibus 8 X 14 Vi usque ad 18 X 20 V., papillis vel tubulis osteolaribus 1-3 longitudine variis ornatis; zoosporis hyalinis, sphericis 3.5-4.5 p, globulo magno pellucido refracto ornatis; cilio circa 40 V. longo; vagina zoospori muris crassescentibus sucineo-colora-
Current and wave measurements off the coast of New Jersey during the second most severe storm of the past 28 years

Woods Hole Group, Inc. (WHG), configured, assembled and deployed a Mooring Systems Inc. Trawl Resistant Bottom Mount (TRBM) platform equipped with current, wave, and water quality instrumentation at a site called NJORD, located approximately 17 miles southeast of Ocean City, NJ. On March 6-7, 2013, the area offshore New Jersey experienced severe storm conditions due to an extratropical cyclone passing approximately 100 miles south of the measurement site. NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center has been collecting wave data at a nearby location since 1985. According to this record, the storm of March 6-7, 2013, in terms of wave height (Hm0=7.8m), ranks as the second most severe storm in nearly 30 years. The maximum significant wave height (Hm0 = 8.1m) was recorded by the NOAA Buoy on November 13, 2009. This most severe storm event was also associated with an extratropical cyclone that passed south of the site as it translated towards east-northeast. That fact makes the data collected at the NJORD site during typical severe storm conditions valuable. The measurements collected by WHG during the storm are of interest from an acoustic measurement perspective because significant wave height was a large fraction of the water depth, producing actively breaking waves in 28m of water. The performance of the bottom-mounted AWAC in this high energy environment is evaluated.
Comparative effectiveness of minimally invasive versus traditional sternotomy mitral valve surgery in elderly patients

Objectives This study assessed comparative effectiveness of minimally invasive versus traditional sternotomy mitral valve surgery in elderly patients. Methods From January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2008, 1005 patients underwent isolated mitral valve surgery at our institution. Patients ≥75-years-old were included in analysis (sternotomy, n = 105; minimally invasive, n = 70). Clinical outcomes included bypass and crossclamp time, length of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. To assess resource use, total hospital costs and discharge location were analyzed. Three standardized inpatient functional status outcomes were also assessed. Results The minimally invasive approach was associated with a 9.2-minute longer crossclamp time ( P = .037) and a 25.2-minute longer bypass time ( P P = .033). There were no significant differences in rate of major postoperative complications ( P = .085) or long-term survival ( P = .60). Minimally invasive approach was associated with a $6721 lower median cost of hospitalization ( P = .007) and more common discharge to home, routinely or with a health aide, rather than to rehabilitation ( P = .021). Minimally invasive patients achieved faster rates of independent ambulation ( P = .039) and independent sit-to-stand activity ( P = .003), although there were no differences in time to independent stair climbing ( P = .31). Conclusions Among elderly patients, minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is associated with slightly longer crossclamp and bypass times but with equivalent morbidity and mortality and shorter hospitalization, decreased resource use, and improved postoperative functional status.
Interactions of bovine thyrotropin and preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin with bovine thyroid membranes.

In view of the recent reports suggesting that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) may have intrinsic thyrotropic activity, the interaction of partially purified (hCG-c) and highly purified hCG (hCG-p) with bovine thyroid membranes was studied by assessing their ability both to inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled bovine thyrotropin (125I-bTSH) to thyroid membranes and to activate adenylate cycla'se therein. Both partially and highly purified hCG preparations inhibited the binding of 125I-bTSH, but hCG-c was approximately 24 times more potent than hCG-p. hCG-c also activated adenylate cyclase i n a dose-dependent manner, while hCG-p, in the same concentrations, had no effect. The content of hCG in hCG-c and hCG-p was measured by radioimmuno- and radioreceptor assays, and the results agreed quite closely with those reported by bioassay. Both preparations of hCG inhibited the binding of 125I-bTSH to bovine thyroid membranes in a non-competitive manner, as revealed by Lineweaver-Burk analysis. hCG-c could only ...
Longitudinal consistency of adult personality: self-reported psychological characteristics across 45 years.

The longitudinal consistency of personality characteristics over a period of 45 years is examined. The data are drawn from the Kelly Longitudinal Study, a panel involving an original group of 300 men and 300 women. Measures of emotional disturbance (from the Bell and Bernreuter inventories) during the 1930s and the 1950s had significant correlations in the .25-.40 range with measures of psychiatric symptoms (from the Cornell Medical Index) taken in 1979-1981. Revised inventory scales with content related to neuroticism and social introversion-extraversion had moderate longitudinal consistency across several decades of adult life and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. This study demonstrates the utility of personality measurements in predicting significant psychological outcomes over the full interval of the normal adult lifespan.
Rate of litter decay and litter macroinvertebrates in limed and unlimed forests of the Adirondack Mountains, USA

Abstract Acid deposition can reduce the rate of litter decay in forests by changing environmental and substrate quality for macroinvertebrates and microbes. Terrestrial application of lime can ameliorate many of the negative effects of acid deposition, but the effects of liming on forest litter decay and fauna are poorly understood. We used reciprocal transplants of litter bags to better understand the effects of substrate calcium content and incubation context (limed plots versus unlimed plots) on rate of litter decay and abundance of litter-dwelling macroinvertebrates. Our study took place in the Adirondack Mountains (Adirondacks) of New York State, USA, a region affected by chronic acid deposition. Lime was added to randomly-selected plots at a rate of 10 Mg ha −1 ; control plots were not limed. Leaves for high-calcium litter bags were collected under trees grown in limed plots, and leaves for low-calcium litter bags were collected in unlimed plots. High-calcium and low-calcium leaves differed in %Ca but not in %N or C:N at the beginning of our study. Leaf litter decay was faster for bags containing high-calcium leaves than for those litter bags containing low-calcium leaves, and decay was slower in limed than unlimed plots. Assemblages of litter-dwelling macroinvertebrates were markedly different between litter bags collected from limed and those collected from unlimed plots. Snails increased in abundance; whereas, millipedes and spiders decreased in abundance at limed plots following liming. Millipedes likely were important litter-eating macroinvertebrates at these sites, and the decline in millipedes may have contributed to the reduction in rate of litter decay. The liming of areas negatively affected by acid deposition may decrease rate of litter decay immediately following lime application. This was a short-term study. Understanding the long-term, as well as immediate, effects of liming is necessary to determine the advisability of lime application in regions affected by acid deposition.
Thoracic aortic dissection secondary to crack cocaine ingestion

Thoracic aortic dissection is a rare but recognized complication of crack cocaine inhalation. It is thought to be triggered in some cases by transient severe elevations in blood pressure, causing a shear effect on the thoracic aorta. Unrecognized, it can result in high morbidity and mortality. A case of an unusual presentation of thoracic aortic dissection following crack cocaine ingestion is reported.
Should we be performing pancreas transplants

The vast majority of the 1 million people with Type I diabetes in the United States are treated with maintenance exogenous insulin therapy. Only about 1 in 1000 (approximately 1300/year) are treated with transplantation. The whole organ pancreas transplant has been one of the most difficult organs to transplant successfully because of a high risk for pancreatitis, graft thrombosis and rejection. A decade ago, one could question the wisdom of performing a pancreas transplant in any patient. However, with improvements in immunosuppression and patient management, the field has improved steadily. Simultaneous pancreas kidney (SPK) transplantation was the first to show an improvement and now several reports have suggested that SPK leads to increased patient survival and a better quality of life compared to a kidney transplant alone. In solitary pancreas transplantation, either pancreas after kidney (PAK) or pancreas transplant alone (PTA), a survival benefit has been more difficult to ascertain. In fact, Ventstrom et al. actually reported a survival disadvantage for PAK in their paper published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (1). In the present issue of AJT , Gruessner et al. revisit the question of the survival benefit of PAK, with their data indicating, that with the current cohort of patients and current follow-up, neither a survival advantage nor disadvantage could be found.
COMET: a hardware-software codesign methodology

COMET is a system-level C and VHDL hardware/software codesign methodology. This process is made possible through the use of a rules file which adds timing and area constraints to the C and VHDL descriptions that the languages do not support. The methodology of COMET is functional and has been tested. A neural network program has been implemented to perform automated hardware/software partitioning.
Through the High Rock and beyond: placing the Last Supper Cave and Parman Paleoindian lithic assemblages into a regional context

Based on source provenance data derived from Paleoindian artifacts in the Great Basin, most researchers agree that early groups were mobile and far-ranging; however, current explanations of the behavior reflected by those data differ. Some models portray Paleoindians as residentially-mobile foragers while others portray them as wetland-tethered collectors reliant upon logistical forays. We consider the types of hunter-gatherer behavior that could produce trends in the X-ray fluorescence data from three Paleoindian assemblages in northwest Nevada, where abundant high quality obsidian essentially allows us to hold the effects of raw material availability constant between sites. We conclude that while it is difficult to differentiate between residential and logistical mobility using technological and sourcing data alone, we can nevertheless begin to understand the relative time-averaged importance of particular locations on the landscape and why such places attracted Paleoindians.
Patterns of ecstasy-associated hyponatremia in California.

Study objective We describe the clinical characteristics of patients with ecstasy- (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) associated hyponatremia (serum sodium level Methods We performed a retrospective review of cases involving ecstasy intoxication reported to the California Poison Control System and recorded in its computerized database from January 1, 2000, through October 9, 2005. We excluded cases that did not involve MDMA exposure or in which there were no symptoms or were minimal effects only. Confirmation of exposure to MDMA was based on history of use and, when available, urine toxicology testing results positive for MDMA or amphetamine derivatives. Hyponatremia was defined as a measured serum sodium level less than 130 mmol/L. Results A total of 1,436 cases potentially involving ecstasy were reported to the California Poison Control System during the 5-year study period, of which 891 were excluded according to the criteria described above. Of the 545 cases that met inclusion criteria, 296 (54.3%) were women and 249 (45.7%) were men. There were 188 cases (34.5%) with a documented serum sodium level, of which 73 (38.8%) reported hyponatremia (Na Conclusion Female sex was associated with increased odds of hyponatremia and increased odds of hyponatremia-associated coma among persons with ecstasy intoxication and a documented serum sodium level reported to the California Poison Control System from 2000 to 2005. Multiple potential confounders, including spectrum bias, incomplete laboratory data, and individual differences in study subject characteristics, prevent determination of causality about sex differences in the incidence of ecstasy-associated hyponatremia and its complications.
Why scaffolding should sometimes make tasks more difficult for learners

There has been much interest in using software tools to scaffold learners in complex tasks, that is, to provide supports that enable students to deal with more complex content and skill demands than they could otherwise handle. Many different approaches to scaffolding techniques have been presented in a broad range of software tools. I discuss two mechanisms to explain how software tools can scaffold learners. Software tools can help structure the learning task, guiding learners through key components and supporting their planning and performance. In addition, tools can shape students' performance and understanding of the task in terms of key disciplinary content and strategies, thereby problematizing this important content. While making the task more difficult in the short term, by forcing learners to address these ideas, such scaffolded tools make this work more productive opportunities for learning.
Revisiting shift register realization for ease of test generation and testing

The shift register realization of sequential circuits is reexamined. Though the shift register realization requires no extra circuits for scan, and shortens test application time, it in general requires many memory elements. This paper presents a method to reduce the number of memory elements in a shift register realization. >
The evolutionary process of global market expansion: experiences of MNCs in China

Abstract In light of increasing globalization of the world economy, effective entry and expansion of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the global market have been of considerable interest to researchers. This study adopts the evolutionary perspective in analyzing MNCs' entry and expansion in the global market and proposes four stages of development: preparation, entry, expansion, and experienced. Furthermore, it explores the evolving nature of MNCs' objectives in each stage and discusses the strategic transitions with respect to mode and scale, operations management, marketing strategies, and human resources. Examination of the evolution of China's market environment and MNCs' activities in the country illustrates the adequacy and application of the framework.
Biosolids management strategies: an evaluation of energy production as an alternative to land application

Currently, more than half of the biosolids produced within the USA are land applied. Land application of biosolids introduces organic contaminants into the environment. There are potential ecological and human health risks associated with land application of biosolids. Biosolids may be used as a renewable energy source. Nutrients may be recovered from biosolids used for energy generation for use as fertilizer. The by-products of biosolids energy generation may be used beneficially in construction materials. It is recommended that energy generation replace land application as the leading biosolids management strategy.
Intentions and beliefs in students' understanding and acceptance of biological evolution

We examined the intersection of students' understanding and acceptance of evolution and their epistemological beliefs and cognitive dispositions. Based on previous research, we hypothesized there would be a relation between understanding and acceptance. We also hypothesized that students who viewed knowledge as changing and who have a disposition toward open-minded thinking would be more likely to accept the scientific explanation of human evolution, and that beliefs and dispositions would not be related to acceptance of a topic that is generally perceived as noncontroversial. Ninety-three undergraduate students enrolled in a nonmajors biology class completed measures of their (a) content knowledge of evolution and photosynthesis and respiration; (b) acceptance of theories of animal evolution, human evolution, and photosynthesis; and (c) epistemological beliefs and cognitive dispositions. Although our findings did reveal a significant relation between knowledge and reported acceptance for photosynthesis, there was no relation between knowledge and acceptance of animal or human evolution. Epistemological beliefs were related to acceptance, but only to the acceptance of human evolution. There was no relation between students' epistemological beliefs and their general acceptance of animal evolution or photosynthesis. Three subscales, Ambiguous Information, Actively Open-Minded Thinking, and Belief Identification, were significantly correlated with understanding evolutionary theory. We argue these findings underscore the importance of intentional level constructs, such as epistemological beliefs and cognitive dispositions, in the learning of potentially controversial topics. 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 510-528, 2003
Phase Relationships Involving RDX and Common Solid Propellant Binders

The solubilities of the common propellant ingredients acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and their effects on RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine) unit cell dimensions were investigated. If there is appreciable solid solubility, solutions will form and will have enthalpies of fusion, melting temperatures, and other characteristics different from those of pure RDX. It is desirable to establish the properties of such mixtures when designing new propellant formulations. Samples were aged at an elevated temperature to speed the formation of solid solutions. A least-squares analysis of X-ray diffraction data was used to obtain the lattice parameters from which unit cell volume and solubility was deduced. Both ATEC and CAB caused an expansion of the unit cell, indicating the formation of a solid solution. The limit of solubility in the ATEC/RDX mixture appeared to be approximately 13 wt% ATEC, while the CAB/RDX limit is above 16 wt% CAB. In both mixes, the cell volume expanded linearly with increasing proportion of binder.
Anticoagulant prescribing practices and anesthetic interventions among anticoagulated pregnant patients: a retrospective study

Abstract Background The peripartum management of anticoagulated patients poses important challenges for obstetric anesthesiologists, especially when deciding to perform neuraxial block. However, there is limited evidence evaluating anticoagulant prescribing practices and neuraxial block utilization in this setting. Our objective was to examine peripartum anticoagulant prescribing and anesthetic practices in a cohort of anticoagulated patients receiving subcutaneous enoxaparin, and subcutaneous or intravenous unfractionated heparin. Methods We performed a retrospective study of anticoagulant prescribing patterns and anesthetic interventions among patients receiving enoxaparin and/or unfractionated heparin who delivered at a USA obstetric center over a seven-year period. Results We identified 101 patients who received enoxaparin and/or unfractionated heparin before delivery. Thirty-nine (38.6%) patients received enoxaparin only, 41 (40.6%) patients received enoxaparin bridged to subcutaneous unfractionated heparin, 11 (10.9%) patients received enoxaparin and were converted to intravenous unfractionated heparin and 10 (9.9%) patients received only subcutaneous unfractionated heparin. The overall rate of neuraxial block utilization was 80.2%. The median [IQR] time-period between the last dose of enoxaparin and neuraxial block was significantly shorter for patients who received only enoxaparin vs. enoxaparin with subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (54h [12–192h] ( n =26) vs. 216h [39–504h] ( n =23), P =0.04). Among patients who received only subcutaneous unfractionated heparin, the time period between unfractionated heparin and neuraxial block was 24h [19–51h]. Conclusion In this study, the neuraxial block rate was high among patients receiving enoxaparin and/or subcutaneous unfractionated heparin with patients undergoing relatively long periods off anticoagulation. Careful multidisciplinary planning is recommended for the peripartum management of anticoagulated pregnant patients.
Factors Influencing the Optimal Control-to-Case Ratio in Matched Case-Control Studies

Statistical power in matched case-control studies depends on both the correlation coefficient between cases and their matched controls (phi) and the prevalence of exposure among controls (P0). To examine the hypothesis that the value of increasing the control-to-case ratio beyond 5 varies with both phi and P0, the authors estimated statistical power for a hypothetical case-control study under different assumptions. The effect of increasing the control-to-case ratio depended on phi and, to a lesser extent, on P0. The results suggest that investigators consider including more than five controls per case when either phi is greater than about 0.2 or P, is less than about 0.15.
Type 1 sphingosine 1-phosphate G protein-coupled receptor signaling of lymphocyte functions requires sulfation of its extracellular amino-terminal tyrosines

The type 1 sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) G protein-coupled receptor (S1P1) transduces signals from S1P that mediate thymocyte emigration, T cell transmigration of lymph nodes, and T cell chemotaxis in tissues. Alterations in expression of functional S1P1 receptors by lymphocytes are the major mechanisms controlling their responses to S1P and were thought to be solely a consequence of the balance between surface down-regulation and insertion. However, results now show that lack of sulfation of tyrosines 19 and 22 of the extracellular N terminus of S1P1 diminishes high-affinity S1P binding and decreases S1P signaling of T cell migration and other functions. Non-sulfatable mutant (Y19,22F)S1P1 endows T cells with lower-affinity binding of [32P]S1P than wild-type S1P1 and transduces lesser effects of S1P on chemotaxis, chemokine-elicited chemotaxis, and T cell receptor-mediated proliferation and cytokine generation. Inhibition of S1P1 tyrosine sulfation or sulfatase removal of S1P1 sulfate in mouse CD4 T cells suppresses immune functional effects of S1P. Tyrosine sulfation of S1P1 may be a major controller of S1P effects on T cell traffic.
Characterization of Mutations Contributing to Sulfathiazole Resistance in Escherichia coli

A sulfathiazole-resistant dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) present in two different laboratory strains of Escherichia coli repeatedly selected for sulfathiazole resistance was mapped to folP by P1 transduction. The folP mutation in each of the strains was shown to be identical by nucleotide sequence analysis. A single C→T transition resulted in a Pro→Ser substitution at amino acid position 64. Replacement of the mutant folP alleles with wild-type folP significantly reduced the level of resistance to sulfathiazole but did not abolish it, indicating the presence of an additional mutation(s) that contributes to sulfathiazole resistance in the two strains. Transfer of the mutant folP allele to a wild-type background resulted in a strain with only a low level of resistance to sulfathiazole, suggesting that the presence of the resistant DHPS was not in itself sufficient to account for the overall sulfathiazole resistance in these strains of E. coli . Additional characterization of an amplified secondary resistance determinant, sur , present in one of the strains, identified it as the previously identified bicyclomycin resistance determinant bcr , a member of a family of membrane-bound multidrug resistance antiporters. An additional mutation contributing to sulfathiazole resistance, sux , has also been identified and has been shown to affect the histidine response to adenine sensitivity displayed by these purU strains.
Riboflavin Content of Chicken Meats as Affected by Level of Intake

Abstract THE riboflavin content of chicken meats is of interest from the stand-point of nutrition, and the riboflavin level of the feed required to permit a maximum body reserve. Hodson (1940) made a study of riboflavin storage in tissues of six-week old chicks maintained on diets of different riboflavin content. One ration was reported to contain 1.0 ug./gm. of this vitamin, resulting in average riboflavin values (in micrograms per gram of the fresh tissue) of 11.2 for liver, 4.3 for heart, 1.3 for gizzard, 1.0 for leg, and 0.4 for breast. Another ration containing 6.9 ug./gm. of riboflavin resulted in the higher body storage of 32.9 for liver, 18.4 for heart, 4.1 for gizzard, 4.2 for leg, and 0.8 ug./gm. for breast. This shows the effect of riboflavin intake on young chicks. Hodson (1941) later analyzed Single Comb White Leghorn broilers, about 1 pound in weight, which had been fed a . . .
Statistical timing analysis of flip-flops considering codependent setup and hold times

Statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) plays a key role in determining performance of the VLSI circuits implemented in state-of-the-art CMOS technology. A pre-requisite for employing SSTA is the characterization of the setup and hold times of the latches and flip-flops in the cell library. This paper presents a methodology to exploit the statistical codependence of the setup and hold times. The approach comprises of three steps. In the first step, probability mass function (pmf) of codependent setup and hold time (CSHT) contours are approximated with piecewise linear curves by considering the probability density functions of sources of variability. In the second step, pmf of the required setup and hold times for each flip-flop in the design are computed. Finally, these pmf values are used to compute the probability of individual flip-flops in the design passing the timing constraints and to report the overall pass probability of the flip-flops in the design as a histogram. We applied the proposed method to true single phase clocking flip-flops to generate the piecewise linear curves for CSHT. The characterized flip-flops were instantiated in an example design, on which timing verification was successfully performed.
Consonant Cluster Reduction in Tejano English.

This study examines the well-known process of consonant cluster reduction in the English of residents of a San Antonio, Texas, barrio. The study compares Tejano patterns of /-t, d/ deletion with the pan-English pattern summarized by Labov (1989). Results of VARBRUL analysis show that /-t, d/ deletion in Tejano English is constrained by many of the same factors as in other English dialects, including Los Angeles Chicano English. Results also suggest, however, a complex pattern of convergence and divergence. Younger Tejanos are converging toward other dialects of English with respect to the effect of the morphological class on cluster simplification. Yet there is some evidence that they are diverging from other dialects with respect to the effect of syllable stress. On this latter dimension, younger Tejanos replicate the pattern found by Santa Ana (1991) among Los Angeles Chicanos. Finally, the study compares /-t, d/ deletion in Tejano/Chicano English in San Antonio and Los Angeles and shows that, despite many similarities, Mexican American varieties exhibit regional as well as generational differences.
Structural Complexities in the Active Layers of Organic Electronics

The field of organic electronics has progressed rapidly in recent years. However, understanding the direct structure-function relationships between the morphology in electrically active layers and the performance of devices composed of these materials has proven difficult. The morphology of active layers in organic electronics is inherently complex, with heterogeneities existing across multiple length scales, from subnanometer to micron and millimeter range. A major challenge still facing the organic electronics community is understanding how the morphology across all of the length scales in active layers collectively determines the device performance of organic electronics. In this review we highlight experiments that have contributed to the elucidation of structure-function relationships in organic electronics and also point to areas in which knowledge of such relationships is still lacking. Such knowledge will lead to the ability to select active materials on the basis of their inherent properties for the fabrication of devices with prespecified characteristics.
Design of RC Wide-Band 90-Degree Phase-Difference Network

This paper presents a design procedure for the practical design of RC wide-band 90-degree phase-difference networks. The important part of the paper is the design procedure given in "cookbook" fashion with a numerical example to clarify it. This procedure consists of many steps, each step being a relatively simple one. This should make it a useful design tool for people without much background in network theory. A brief theoretical introduction is presented but this is far too sketchy to be of much use in understanding just what is behind the design procedure. Some practical hints on construction and alignment are given.
Darwin, Malthus, Süssmilch, and Euler: The Ultimate Origin of the Motivation for the Theory of Natural Selection

It is fairly well known that Darwin was inspired to formulate his theory of natural selection by reading Thomas Malthus’s Essay on the Principle of Population. In fact, by reading Darwin’s notebooks, we can even locate one particular sentence which started Darwin thinking about population and selection. What has not been done before is to explain exactly where this sentence – essentially Malthus’s ideas about geometric population growth – came from. In this essay we show that eighteenth century mathematician Leonhard Euler is responsible for this sentence, and in fact forms the beginning of the logical chain which leads to the creation of the theory of natural selection. We shall examine the fascinating path taken by a mathematical calculation, the many different lenses through which it was viewed, and the path through which it eventually influenced Darwin.
IndexCat: A Resource for Earlier Medical and Scientific Works

A free database developed and maintained by the National Library of Medicine of the United States, IndexCat began as the digitized version of the print indices Index-Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General’s Office, which was published from 1880 to 1961. The Index-Catalogue shows the holdings of the library of the Surgeon General of the United States Army, the precursor of National Library of Medicine. Recent additions to this database are eTK (Electronic Throndike and Kibre for Medieval Latin Medical Texts) and eVK2 (Electronic Voigts and Kurtz for Medieval English Medical Texts). IndexCat can provide information about the history of medicine and help in tracing the path of knowledge of a specific medical condition.
A quantitative study of the emotional intelligence of participants in the ASHP Foundation's Pharmacy Leadership Academy.

Purpose Results of a quantitative assessment of emotional intelligence in a sample of pharmacists affiliated with the ASHP Research and Education Foundation’s Pharmacy Leadership Academy (PLA) are presented. Methods A demographic questionnaire and a validated instrument for assessing emotional intelligence, the Emotional Quotient Inventory, version 2.0 (EQ-i 2.0), were administered to a group of practicing pharmacists who graduated from the PLA during the period 2008–12 ( n = 82) and a control group of pharmacists who were accepted into the PLA in 2013 but had not begun leadership training ( n = 40). The dependent variables were the mean total EQ-I 2.0 score and mean scores on five EQ-i 2.0 composite scales. The independent variables were PLA affiliation status (graduate versus matriculant) and demographic variables. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to calculate between-group differences in EQ-i 2.0 scores. The relationship of demographic variables to EQ-i 2.0 scores was analyzed via multiple linear regression. Results Among the 122 pharmacists who completed both assessments, the overall mean total EQ-i 2.0 score was 101.11, which indicated an average level of emotional intelligence. There were significant differences between the PLA graduate group and the control group in total EQ-i 2.0 scores and in EQ-i 2.0 scores for self-expression, decision-making, interpersonal skills, and other aspects of emotional intelligence. The evaluated demographic factors were not found to be significant predictors of EQ-i 2.0 scores. Conclusion The study results indicated an average level of emotional intelligence among all PLA affiliates but revealed significant differences in mean total EQ-i 2.0 scores and EQ-i 2.0 composite scale scores favoring PLA graduates.
Clarifying Transparency: Transparency Relationships in Government Contracting

Transparency features prominently in procurement reforms. Transparency is expected to curb corruption, increase compliance, open markets and improve systemic legitimacy. Transparency will only be effective if it is constructed properly, and this requires an accurate understanding of transparency. This Note argues that transparency is a relationship. The components of the relationship are the party sharing information, the party receiving information, the information being shared and what the relationship is supposed to accomplish. Conceptualizing transparency as a relationship provides insight into how transparency operates and transparency’s costs. Understanding the components of transparency relationships allows the architects of transparency reform to construct reforms that effectively achieve goals while minimizing costs.
Determination of copper in glasses by flame atomic absorption and plasma emission spectrometry

Ground samples (150μm, 0.5 g) are decomposed in a mixture of HF and HNO3 acids followed by evaporation to dryness, dissolution of the residue in dilute HNO3 acid, and dilution to 50 ml. Spectral interferences of 14 tested elements are negligible for AAS but in some cases (Nb, Ti, Zr) minor spectral corrections must be made for plasma techniques depending on the level of interferent and analyte. Nonspectral (matrix) interferences at the 1000μg/ml interferent level are all less than 3.5% relative for AAS and less than 5% relative for ICP (except for Ca, Li, and Na where the effects are depressions of 7 to 10% relative). Matrix effects for DCP at the same interferent level are generally more pronounced and amount to enhancements of 5 to 15% relative for 11 of the 14 elements tested. Plasma matrix effects, especially alkali effects, can be compensated by the use of an alkali-aluminum buffer medium (1000μg Na/ml plus 500μg Al/ml as used in this study), a procedure which is most useful for the DCP approach. Copper can be determined down to 10 ppm in the original sample. A comparison of results shows AAS and ICP to be in good agreement with the DCP being slightly less accurate, although the differences in results may be of little practical significance. In terms of freedom from spectral and non-spectral interference, AAS was judged to have a slight advantage for copper.
6 Li and 7 Li induced fission of 232 Th and 238 U

The energy dependence of the total fission cross section, the fragment angular distribution, and the fragment correlation angle were measured for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ induced fission of $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ and $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ at bombarding energies of 24-38.4 MeV. Angular distributions of elastically scattered projectiles for the four systems were measured at 37.2 MeV. Characteristic differences were found for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ projectiles which are independent of the target. These differences include (1) the $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ induced fission has a larger anisotropy, (2) the energy dependence of the fragment anisotropy shows more structure for $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$, and (3) at low bombarding energy the cross section for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ induced fission is considerably larger. These factors are discussed in terms of (1) competition between compound nucleus fission and fission following transfer reactions and (2) the deexcitation branching ratios between neutron emission and fission.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{232}\mathrm{Th}(^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}, f)$, $^{238}\mathrm{U}(^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}, f)$ $E=24\ensuremath{-}38.4$ MeV, measured $\frac{W(165\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})}{W(90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})}$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{f}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{el}}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ at 37.2 MeV, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{f}(E)$..