cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doppler measurement of left atrial depressurization and mitral valve area in patients with suspected mitral stenosis: Validation of a new method

Atrial depressurization time measurement by Doppler ultrasound can be used to quantify stenotic mitral valve area. In this report, we present the results of a blinded trial comparing the standard Doppler method for "pressure half-time" (A) and another Doppler method we devised (B) for measurement of atrial depressurization time. Both methods were tested against valve area data from catheterization performed within 24 hours after Doppler echocardiography. Ten readers analyzed each of 10 Doppler profiles by methods A and B, in random order. After decoding, each of the 200 Doppler readings was compared to the catheterization result. Method B proved more accurate than method A by repeated measures analysis of variance (p less than 0.0001). Furthermore, method B took less than half as long to perform (p less than 0.0001). The methods presented herein provide a simple alternative means to follow the progression of mitral stenosis noninvasively and to determine optimal timing for surgery.
Further studies of the RNA synthesis phenotype selected during persistent infection with vesicular stomatitis virus

Abstract Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) isolated from two independently established lines of persistently infected mouse L cells expressed an altered phenotype of RNA synthesis at 37°, the temperature at which the persistently infected cultures were maintained (T. K. Frey and J. S. Youngner, 1982 , J. Virol. 44, 167–174). In comparison to the viruses used to initiate the two lines, wild-type (wt) VSV and ts-0–23 (ts−, RNA+ complementation group III), the VSV expressing this RNA phenotype synthesized much less mRNA but equal or greater amounts of 40 S genomic RNA (rt− phenotype). In the line initiated with wt-VSV, at 17 days after initiation, when 85% of the clones were ts−, 36% of the ts− clones were rt−. By 63 days the VSV-PI population was uniformly ts− and rt− and this phenotype prevailed for at least 2 years of persistence. In the line initiated with ts-0–23, the rt− phenotype was stable for at least 3 years of persistence. To study the relationship of the ts− and rt− phenotypes which were coselected during persistence, ts+ revertants of a ts− rt− VSV-PI clone were isolated. All of the ts+ revertants expressed a wt-VSV phenotype of RNA synthesis at 37° (rt+), indicating that the two phenotypic markers may be pleiotropic manifestations of the same mutation. rt− VSV inhibited host cell RNA and protein synthesis more slowly than did wt-VSV. However, rt− VSV synthesized equivalent or greater amounts of all the virus proteins, compared to wt-VSV, despite the reduced amount of mRNA transcription. The attenuated shutoff of host cell macromolecular synthesis by rt− VSV and the concomitant efficient 40 S genome replication and virus protein synthesis may in part explain the selective advantage of the rt− mutation during persistence. The rt− phenotype was not unique to persistent infection; ts− rt− mutants also evolved during serial undiluted passages of wt-VSV in L cells and one ts− rt− mutant was identified in a group of spontaneous mutants isolated from a wt-VSV stock.
Oxides, Oxides, and More Oxides: High-κ Oxides, Ferroelectrics, Ferromagnetics, and Multiferroics

We review and critique the recent developments on multifunctional oxide materials, which are gaining a good deal of interest. Recongnizing that this is a vast area, the focus of this treatment is mainly on high-κ dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and multiferroic materials. Also, we consider ferrimagnetic oxides in the context of the new, rapidly developing field of negative-index metamaterials. This review is motivated by the recent resurgence of interest in complex oxides owing to their coupling of electrical, magnetic, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties, which make them suitable for a wide variety of applications, including heat, motion, electric, and magnetic sensors; tunable and compact microwave passive components; surface acoustic wave devices; nonlinear optics; and nonvolatile memory, and pave the way for designing multifunctional devices and unique applications in spintronics and negative refraction-index media. For most of the materials treated here, structural and physical propertie...
Analysis of Statistical Tests to Compare Doses of Analgesics among Groups

Background A common type of anesthesiologic study determines the effect of an intervention on the doses of analgesics given to groups of patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of several appropriate statistical tests to examine the results of such studies. Methods Total doses of morphine received in a postanesthesia care unit were recorded for patients undergoing vitrectomy (244), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (104), or abdominal hysterectomy (143). Multiple simulated samples were then drawn from these data. These simulated samples were used in computer simulations of clinical trials comparing doses among groups. Assessments were made of the relative performance of the t test; analysis of variance; randomization; and the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests for comparing doses of analgesics given to two or three groups of patients. Results The distributions were not normal. No statistical test incorrectly suggested that a difference existed among groups when there was no difference. A randomization test to compare two groups' means overestimated actual P values. A chi-square test, which compared fractions of patients in each group who received no morphine, had approximately the same power as the t or analysis of variance tests to detect differences among groups. Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for differences between two or more than two groups' medians, respectively, had the greatest power to detect difference(s) among groups. Conclusions Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis are the best tests to find differences among doses of analgesics given to groups of patients.
Diagnosis of laser-compressed shells based on absorption of core radiation

A diagnostic method for laser-imploded targets, particularly plastic shells, is described. It is based on the observation of a peak in the continuum x-ray spectrum emitted from the target. The peak is the result of the high absorption of low-energy x rays from the implosion core by the cooler, compressed shell surrounding the core. In glass targets, where the shell absorption is typically dominated by bound-free transitions (photoionization), the position of this peak in the spectrum depends on the shell \ensuremath{\rho} \ensuremath{\Delta}r. In plastic targets, where the shell absorption is due mainly to free-free transitions (inverse bremsstrahlung), the position of the peak depends on the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}^{2}$ \ensuremath{\Delta}r/${\mathit{T}}^{1/2}$ for the shell. We study the relationship between the position of the peak and these two quantities, both analytically as well as with a simulation code.
Roles of acetate and its interactions with glucose and lactate in cow mammary tissue.

Abstract Slices from mammary glands from six lactating Holstein cows were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate-based media in the presence of varying concentrations of acetate, glucose, and lactate. Conversions of acetate to carbon dioxide, fatty acids, citrate, glyceride-glycerol, and lactose were determined. Specific effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate and stearate availability also were evaluated. Utilization of acetate for all functions usually followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with apparent affinities in the physiological concentration range of acetate. Availability of glucose had a large "permissive" effect on acetate to conversion to fatty acids. However, acetate metabolism was independent of the availability of lactate. Conversion of acetate to glyceride-glycerol was significant. This indicates the possibility of bidirectional glycolytic flux, which could limit glucose conversion to fatty acids. Addition of stearate caused general increases of acetate metabolism. Conversion of acetate to fatty acids, carbon dioxide, and citrate was elevated in the absence of beta-hydroxybutyrate. The latter observation indicates beta-hydroxybutyrate may not be a required initiator of fatty acid synthesis in mammary tissue.
Growth of Forage Legumes and Grasses in Acidic Soil Amended with Flue Gas Desulfurization Products

Large amounts of flue gas desulfurization products (FGDs) are produced when SO2 emissions are trapped in the coal burning process for generation of electricity. FGDs are normally discarded instead of being reused, and reuse on soils could be important in overall management of these products. Glasshouse experiments were conducted to determine effects of various levels of three FGDs (a FGD gypsum, an oxidized FGD+Mg, and a stabilized FGD) and the control compounds CaCO3, CaSO3, and CaSO4 on growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) in acidic (pH 4) soil (Typic Hapludult). The FGDs enhanced growth of each plant species, with alfalfa, white clover, and tall fescue receiving greater increases than the other species, especially when grown in soil amended with FGD+Mg. FGD gypsum did not often enhance growth unless high amounts were added. ...
Women can never “belong” in combat

Demi Moore never perspired in the movie G.I. Jane, she sweated. And she had to do so in order to convey how much work was involved in becoming the first female member of a combat-oriented Special Operations team. No woman currently serves in such a unit. But what Moore’s performance suggests is that if only the right female were given the opportunity to prove her ability to meet the same physical standards as the military’s most elite combat soldiers, then even these men would have to grant her their grudging respect. She would belong, and presumably pave the way for other gritty women. Hollywood, of course, gets this completely wrong. Respect does not guarantee belonging. No matter how much respect a particular woman may garner, no matter how courageous or physically adept she might prove to be, not even the military’s most unconventional combat units are unconventional enough to accept a female as a male. This observation, transparent though it may seem, remains opaque to those whose crusade it is to see the armed services tear down what they regard as misogynous gender walls. Nevertheless, in today’s military, Moore’s character (like Meg Ryan’s in Courage Under Fire) would have to be shown respect not only because she is an officer, but because a chilly climate of fear pervades the services. It has been fed by the combined aftereffects of the Tailhook scandal, the sexual harassment charges at Aberdeen Proving Ground, and the long reach of retroactive and sometimes vengeful political correctness. Perhaps, then, we should not consider it surprising that the neverending debates over the combat exclusion laws, which preclude women from serving in front-line or behind-the-lines units, continue to generate a fog of battle all their own. Lost in most of the arguments is common sense, both regarding the purposes and functions of the U.S. military—deterrence and defense—and the potential consequences of mixing men and women together—sexual attraction and pregnancy. Rather than regarding these predictable outcomes as unalterable realities, however, those who advocate lifting the ban point to a long American
Identification of a novel cell-type and context specific enhancer within the negative regulatory element of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat.

One segment of the negative regulatory region of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat (HIV-LTR), nucleotides −273 to −255, is homologous to positive response elements for interleukin-2 and glucocorticoids. We demonstrate that this sequence, referred to as purine-rich response element (PRRE), acts as a classic enhancer in the context of a heterologous promoter, but serves as a functional repressor in the intact provirus, binding (a) cellular factor(s). These data suggest that certain DNA response elements in the HIV LTR serve as negative regulators only in the context of the intact LTR, presumably through interactions with other transcriptional factors, a phenomenon that might be exploited to interfere with viral gene transcription.
A Language-Focused Needs Analysis for ESL-Speaking Nursing Students in Class and Clinic.

Because clinical experience is essential for nursing education, even students with modest-to-low proficiency in English as a second language @L) receive training and provide care in clinics. Yet modest-to-low language proficiency could prove hazardous for the students or their patients. Therefore, these nursing students would benefit from special classes in EL. Such classes require prior needs analyses that precisely articulate academic and clinical lan- guage needs. These needs statements serve as suggestions for course content. Reported here are the results of an extensive needs analysis for ESL-speaking graduate nursing students. The approach to needs definition derives from Stufflebeam et al. (1985). The analysis focuses on skills required for school, clinical practice, and interaction with a multicultural, socially strati- fied patient population. Resulting needs statements are organized in terms of (1) Speech Pro- duction Accuracy, (2) Academic Performance, (3) Clinical Performance, (4) Dialect (Culturag Variation, and (5) lnferencing Skills. IntroducEion Graduatelevel training of nursing students typ ically consists of academic course work fol- lowed by on-site practice in those clinical settings most relevant to the nurses' area of specialization. For some international stu- dents, the rigors of the nursing classroom are increased by the need to understand and per- form in English, a language which they may speak or write non-natively at a relatively low level of proficiency. In clinical settings, the consequences of such low proficiency may af- fect not only the student's professional future but also the well-being of patients, patients' families and friends, and the reputation of the clinic. Owing to the frequency of communica- tive conflict between care providers and pa- tients (Cameron and Williams 1997; Fisher 1995; Freeman 1987; Gozzi, Morris, and Korsch 1969; Herselman 1996; McTear and King 1991; Prince 1985; Shuy 1983; Weijts, Houtkoop, and Mullen 1993; West 1985), one may doubt the ~~~ ~
The energy landscape in non-biological and biological molecules

The concept of energy landscapes promises to connect aspects of biology, chemistry and physics. A recent paper highlights the need for continuous exchange of information between fields to maximize the utility of this idea.
Transient Hoogsteen base pairs in canonical duplex DNA

Sequence-directed variations in the canonical DNA double helix structure that retain Watson-Crick base-pairing have important roles in DNA recognition, topology and nucleosome positioning. By using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation dispersion spectroscopy in concert with steered molecular dynamics simulations, we have observed transient sequence-specific excursions away from Watson-Crick base-pairing at CA and TA steps inside canonical duplex DNA towards low-populated and short-lived A•T and G•C Hoogsteen base pairs. The observation of Hoogsteen base pairs in DNA duplexes specifically bound to transcription factors and in damaged DNA sites implies that the DNA double helix intrinsically codes for excited state Hoogsteen base pairs as a means of expanding its structural complexity beyond that which can be achieved based on Watson-Crick base-pairing. The methods presented here provide a new route for characterizing transient low-populated nucleic acid structures, which we predict will be abundant in the genome and constitute a second transient layer of the genetic code.
Endovascular Management of a Traumatic Renal-caval Arteriovenous Fistula in a Pediatric Patient

Traumatic renal arteriovenous fistula involving the inferior vena cava (IVC) are exceptionally rare, but if left untreated can have devastating clinical consequences, including development of renovascular hypertension, cardiomegaly, and congestive heart failure. We report a rare, pediatric case of a renal-caval arteriovenous fistula that developed after a gunshot wound to the abdomen and its subsequent treatment with endovascular means. We review our case and the world literature on the evaluation and management of trauma-related renal-caval arteriovenous fistulae.
Genetics of cell-surface receptors for bioactive polypeptides: A variant of mouse BALBc/3T3 fibroblasts possessing altered insulin-binding ability

An insulin-nonresponsive variant was isolated from mutagenized mouse BALBc/3T3 fibroblasts. Selection was based on the insulin's mitogenic action upon quiescent cells and subsequent arrest at mitosis by vinblastine sulfate to remove insulin-responsive cells. Among four surviving colonies, one, designated IN-2, exhibited no binding for [125I] insulin at 2× 10−10 M and at 4° C. The binding ability, however, recovered substantially at 15° C and increased with higher temperature and at higher ligand concentrations. The binding profiles, Scatchard plot analysis, and the dissociation kinetics indicated that the receptors expressed on IN-2 cells possess lower affinity than the parental 3T3 cells. The IN-2 cells were negative for stimulating effects of insulin on 2-deoxyglucose uptake, thymidine incorporation, and cell growth. The IN-2 cells were also negative for cross-reactivity to antibodies which react with insulin receptors on 3T3 cells and for the susceptibility to a cytotoxic chimeric insulin which was cross-linked to diphtheria toxin fragment A. This negative response of IN-2 cells can be attributed to a deficiency in “high-affinity receptors” for insulin. The insulin bound to the “low-affinity binding sites” of IN-2 cells, however, undergoes internalization and intracellular degradation. Therefore, such processing by itself does not account for insulin's mitogenic action.
Efficacy and Quality of Life in Patients with Atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia Treated with Gamma-Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Purpose/Objective: Gamma-Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been used for many years to treat trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Numerous reports have indicated that patients with atypical TN have lower response rates to GKRS when compared to patients with classic TN. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy and quality of life (QOL) of patients undergoing GKRS for the treatment of atypical TN.
The structure of para-xylene and meta-xylene adsorbed on Rh(111) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to study the adsorption of para- and meta-xylene on the Rh(111) surface. Para-xylene appears in the STM images as a diamond-shaped feature with the long axis oriented along the [11 2 ] and equivalent directions. Ordered domains with three orientations differing by 120° are formed. The images of the meta-isomer have the appearance of triangular shapes and do not form any ordered structure. Individually, however, they are oriented with one side of the triangle parallel to the compact [1 1 0] directions. The internal structure in the molecular images can be discerned. By a combination of symmetry and packing considerations, it is possible to attribute the brightest part of the molecular image as due to the methyl groups. When the two isomers are coadsorbed, they exhibit complete mixing, and the individual components can be differentiated by their shape. At low coverage, both xylene molecules adsorb preferentially at the step edges, whereas on the terraces, they are mobile in the time scale of the STM imaging. Coadsorption with CO produces a mixed layer, and the xylene molecules become immobile.
Theoretical π‐π* absorption and circular dichroic spectra of polypeptide β‐structures

Absorption and circular dichroic (CD) spectra of the π-π* transition near 200 nm are calculated for poly(Gly), poly(Ala), poly(Abu), and poly(Val) in the βP (paralle) and βA (antiparallel) pleated-sheet structures using the dipole interaction model and including interactions among all atoms; optical parameters were obtained from previous studies of related molecules. Most of the calculations are for structures with one or three chains of six residues each. The oscillator strength and splitting of the π-π* modes are found to be affected only to a small extent by variations in side-chain structure and conformation, whereas the CD spectrum is very sensitive to these variations. Poly(Gly) and poly(Ala) β-structures in uniform, planar lattices do not show sufficient rotational strength to account for observed CD spectra. Poly(Abu) and poly(Val) β-structures in uniform, planar lattices show rotational strengths comparable to experiment when χ1 is near −60° for βA-structures or in a broad range near 140° for βP-structures. Poly(Ala) in uniformly twisted βA- and βP-structures or in irregular βA-structures corresponding to regions of the crystal structure of concanavalin A also show enhanced rotational strengths in the principal π-π* CD band. Absorption and CD spectra calculated for poly(Abu) in uniform βA- and βP-structures are compared with experimental data on poly(Lys) in the β-form, assuming side-chain conformations in Abu that maximize the intensity of the principal CD band. The calculations for the βA-form show the better agreement with experiment for both types of spectra.
Hemodynamic Energy Dissipation in the Cardiovascular System: Generalized Theoretical Analysis on Disease States

Independent of the disease type, high hemodynamic energy dissipation in the circulation always impacts the pumping ventricle that, often always resulting in chronic heart failure as a secondary disease. For aortic stenosis, which is an arterial disease, an index based on total pressure (static plus dynamic) loss, which is a pseudo indicator of energy dissipation based on Bernoulli’s Equation, is widely used, while raw energy loss has been proposed to assess the severity of the Fontan connections clinically. Both diseases have separate frameworks for hemodynamic assessment of the respective dissipative lesions.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Biodegradable photo-crosslinked poly(ether-ester) networks for lubricious coatings

Abstract Biodegradable poly(ether-ester) networks were synthesized by UV photopolymerization and their lubrication performances were evaluated. Polyethers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), and poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) were copolymerized with oligomers of d , l -lactic acid and terminated with acrylate groups to form photopolymerizable macromers. 1 H NMR and IR spectra confirmed the chemical structures of copolymers and diacrylated macromers. Crosslinked polymer networks were formed upon UV-initiated free-radical polymerization. Gel contents, water contents, and contact angles were measured to characterize the crosslinked networks. In vitro degradation times of the crosslinked networks at 37°C in 1 n NaOH varied from 20 min to 7 days depending on the crosslinking density (molecular weight of macromer) and the hydrophilic susceptibility (types of polyethers). The crosslinked polymers were coated on stainless-steel needles to investigate the lubrication properties by measuring penetration and drag forces through rubber stoppers. The maximum improvement in penetration force over control was 41% in the needle coated with PPG-based polymer networks (molecular weight of PPG=4000). These materials can potentially be used as biodegradable lubricants for coating various medical products to replace the existing non-degradable silicone-based materials currently used.
Estimation of unmodeled forces on a lunar satellite

In previous investigations, a procedure for sequentially estimating the state of a lunar orbiting space vehicle acted upon by unmodeled terms in the lunar potential has been developed. Results obtained by processing tracking data from the Apollo 10 and 11 missions indicate that the algorithm provides more precise estimates of the vehicle state than conventional orbit determination procedures and, hence, provides an accurate input for navigation purposes. The question of the agreement of the estimates with the actual unmodeled accelerations has not been established.
Rare-earth growth structures on GaAs(110): Ce, Sm, and Yb.

Adsorption of the rare-earth metals Ce, Sm, and Yb on GaAs(110) at 300 K produces two bonding structures. Dual-bias scanning-tunneling-microscopy results for coverages below \ensuremath{\sim}0.1 monolayer indicate that one, termed an A site, is dominated by unoccupied states while the other, a B site, is rich in both occupied and unoccupied states within the tunneling bias range. Sm and Yb atoms in A sites form zigzag chains of five to ten atoms along the surface [11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0] direction while Ce atoms in A sites appear isolated. Ce, Sm, and Yb atoms in B sites form structures that are dominated by linear chains along [11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0]. Disordered structures were readily observed for all three systems because of interfacial reaction by \ensuremath{\sim}0.3-monolayer deposition.
Note on uniqueness for a one-dimensional two-body problem of classical electrodynamics

Abstract A previous paper [Ann. Phys.21, 122 (1963)] gave a mathematical analysis of a two-body problem of classical electrodynamics incorporating retarded interactions (for the case of two charged particles remaining on the x axis). It was shown that the future trajectories would be uniquely determined, and well behaved, if past histories of the particles were given satisfying certin conditions, including a Lipschitz condition on the velocities. However, this Lipschitz condition has since become suspect as possibly unreasonable. The present note shows that it was, in fact, also superfluous.
HIV and communication.

Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to plague many countries across the globe, including the United States, Africa, China and India. Children and adults have been infected with HIV, and both populations can present with communication disorders that coexist with the presence of the virus. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of HIV and a discussion of the types of conditions that impact communication in both pediatric and adult populations. Persons living with HIV may present with disorders in the areas of language, phonology, voice and swallowing. Given the advances in pharmacological management of HIV, speech–language pathologists need to be knowledgeable of how medications can impact communication and swallowing. Also, since HIV crosses the blood–brain barrier and impacts all aspects of an infected person's life, speech–language and hearing professionals need to be members of the interdisciplinary teams that assess and manage patients living with HIV. Specific information regarding communication disorders in the pediatric population and research issues that warrant continued investigation will be addressed. Learning outcomes: The reader will become aware of the ways in which a speech–language pathologist or audiologist may become involved with a patient infected with HIV or AIDS. The reader will learn the specific manners in which HIV and AIDS may affect the speech, language, hearing, and swallowing of pediatric and adult patients, as well as the appropriate intervention philosophies.
Myocardial laceration not demonstrated by continuous electrocardiographic monitoring occurring during pericardiocentesis.

IN 1951 Bishop et al. described the technic of percutaneous pericardiocentesis with continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in which the paracentesis needle serves as an exploring electrode.1 Wi...
Separation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from B-cell-biased lymphoid progenitor (BLP) and Pre-pro B cells using PDCA-1.

B-cell-biased lymphoid progenitors (BLPs) and Pre-pro B cells lie at a critical juncture between B cell specification and commitment. However, both of these populations are heterogenous, which hampers investigation into the molecular changes that occur as lymphoid progenitors commit to the B cell lineage. Here, we demonstrate that there are PDCA-1+Siglec H+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) that co-purify with BLPs and Pre-pro B cells, which express little or no CD11c or Ly6C. Removal of PDCA-1+ pDCs separates B cell progenitors that express high levels of a Rag1-GFP reporter from Rag1-GFPlow/neg pDCs within the BLP and Pre-pro B populations. Analysis of Flt3-ligand knockout and IL-7Rα knockout mice revealed that there is a block in B cell development at the all-lymphoid progenitor (ALP) stage, as the majority of cells within the BLP or Pre-pro B gates were PDCA-1+ pDCs. Thus, removal of PDCA-1+ pDCs is critical for analysis of BLP and Pre-pro B cell populations. Analysis of B cell potential within the B220+CD19− fraction demonstrated that AA4.1+Ly6D+PDCA-1− Pre-pro B cells gave rise to CD19+ B cells at high frequency, while PDCA-1+ pDCs in this fraction did not. Interestingly, the presence of PDCA-1+ pDCs within CLPs may help to explain the conflicting results regarding the origin of these cells.
Origin of satellite structure in the valence x-ray photoelectron spectrum of CO: A theoretical study

The satellite structure in the valence shell x-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) of CO is studied. The configuration interaction method is used to construct correlated many-electron wave functions for the different final states of C${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$. It is found that (1) the conventional shake-up model cannot explain the satellite structure; (2) a considerable amount of intensity is lost from the main, "single-hole," $^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$ states ($3{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $4{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and $5{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) due to electron correlation; and (3) the $3{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ peak satellites are at lower, rather than higher, binding energy than the main peak. Franck-Condon broadening is estimated and shown to be a major cause of the large width of the observed structures on the high-binding-energy side of the $4{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ peak. Our conclusions are supported by the results of other electron spectroscopies in addition to XPS.
Consecutive and Simultaneous Competition ELISA of Monoclonal Antibodies: Characterization of Epitope Relationships or Immunoglobulin Idiotypes

A panel of monoclonal antibodies prepared against cowpea severe mosaic virus was divided into two groups based upon presence or absence of competition with a biotinylated antibody in competition ELISA. Antibodies that did compete could be further characterized by comparison of competition curves obtained from assays performed in simultaneous and consecutive manners. These two types of competition assays provide an easy method to define initially relationships among epitopes on antigens and to characterize specific immunoreactivity of different antibodies to the antigen
Hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) contributes to excitability of primary sensory neurons in rats

Abstract In various excitable tissues, the hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated current (Ih) contributes to burst firing by depolarizing the membrane after a period of hyperpolarization. Alternatively, conductance through open channels Ih channels of the resting membrane may impede excitability. Since primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion show both loss of Ih and elevated excitability after peripheral axonal injury, we examined the contribution of Ih to excitability of these neurons. We used a sharp electrode intracellular technique to record from neurons in nondissociated ganglia to avoid potential artefacts due to tissue dissociation and cytosolic dialysis. Neurons were categorized by conduction velocity. Ih induced by hyperpolarizing voltage steps was completely blocked by ZD7288 (approximately 10 µM), which concurrently eliminated the depolarizing sag of transmembrane potential during hyperpolarizing current injection. Ih was most prominent in rapidly conducting Aα/β neurons, in which ZD7288 produced resting membrane hyperpolarization, slowed conduction velocity, prolonged action potential (AP) duration, and elevated input resistance. The rheobase current necessary to trigger an AP was elevated and repetitive firing was inhibited by ZD7288, indicating an excitatory influence of Ih. Less Ih was evident in more slowly conducting Aδ neurons, resulting in diminished effects of ZD7288 on AP parameters. Repetitive firing in these neurons was also inhibited by ZD7288, and the peak frequency of AP transmission during tetanic bursts was diminished by ZD7288. Slowly conducting C-type neurons showed minimal Ih, and no effect of ZD7288 on excitability was seen. After spinal nerve ligation, axotomized neurons had less Ih compared to control neurons and showed minimal effects of ZD7288 application. We conclude that Ih supports sensory neuron excitability, and loss of Ih is not a factor contributing to increased neuronal excitability after peripheral axonal injury.
NFκB signaling related molecular alterations in human neuroblastoma cells after fractionated irradiation

Radiotherapy has been used as an adjunctive local-control modality for high-risk neuroblastoma. However, relapse due to radioresistance affects the success of radiotherapy. Ascertaining the fractionated radiation (FIR) modulated molecular targets is imperative in targeted molecular therapy. Accordingly, we investigated the (i) expression of genes representing six functional pathways; (ii) NFκB DNA-binding activity and (iii) expression of radioresponsive molecules after single dose (10 Gy) radiation (SDR) and FIR (2 Gy × 5) in human neuroblastoma cells. Alterations in gene expression were analyzed using QPCR-profiling, NFκB activity using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and pIκBα using immunoblotting. Modulations in TNFα, IL-1α, pAKT, IAP1, IAP2, XIAP, survivin, MnSOD, BID, Bak, MyD88 and Vegfc were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) and immunoblotting. Compared to SDR, FIR significantly induced the expression of 25 genes and completely suppressed another 30 genes. Furthermore, FIR induced NFκB-DNA-binding activity and IκBα phosphorylation. Similarly, we observed an induced expression of IAP1, IAP2, XIAP, Survivin, IL-1α, MnSOD, Bid, Bak, MyD88, TNFα and pAKT in cells exposed to FIR. The results of the study clearly show distinct differences in the molecular response of cells between SDR and FIR. We identified several potential targets confining to NFκB signaling cascade that may affect radio-resistance after FIR.
Highly Complex Chromosomal Aberrations in Bone Marrow of a Patient with Metastatic Prostate Neoplasm

Abstract Prostate cancer is the single most common malignancy among men in North America. Nevertheless, cytogenetic evaluation of bone marrow in patients with metastatic prostate neoplasm has been rare and, to date, only five such patients have been reported. We report an additional case where chromosomal abnormalities of a bizarre nature were found in the bone marrow. Though cytogenetic findings in prostate cancer are heterogeneously complex, the chromosome regions involved include 1p, 1q, 7q, 8p, 10q, 12p, and 17q and are considered hot spots. What is the significance of these so-called hot spots in metastasis of prostatic cancer to the bone marrow? At present, no meaningful conclusion can be drawn, as data are limited, but accumulation of such cases may provide valuable information concerning the role of chromosomal abnormalities in patients—specifically with metastatic stage—and may help urologists during therapeutic decision making, particularly if a genetic marker for aggressiveness can be determined.
Results of 132 hepatectomies for living donor liver transplantation: report of one death.

Abstract Aims Liver transplant is the primary therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease. Its high success rates have lead to a broadening of the indications for liver transplantation, resulting in an increasing shortage of donors. Living donor liver transplantation has become an option to overcome waiting list mortality. We describe our experience with hepatectomy for living donor liver transplantation and report a case of death. Methods Patients (n = 132) underwent hepatectomy for living donor liver transplantation from June 2000 through June 2004. A 4-phase preoperative evaluation was performed on all patients, whose ages ranged from 13 to 54 years (mean = 29.7 ± 8.1 years). Of the 132 patients, 76 patients (57.5%) underwent left lateral segmentectomy, 33 patients (25%) underwent left lobectomy, and 23 patients (16%) underwent right hepatectomy. In 2 other patients (1.5%), a monosegment (segment II) was obtained after left lateral segmentectomy. Results Twenty patients (15%) experienced a complication, the most common being incisional hernia, pneumonia, and biliary fistulae. On the seventh postoperative day, 1 patient developed a fatal cerebral hemorrhage while recovering from mild liver dysfunction. Conclusions Although living donor liver transplantation is generally safe, serious and fatal complications may occur.
Impact of prostate-specific antigen testing on the clinical and pathological outcomes after radical prostatectomy for Gleason 8-10 cancers.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the clinical and pathological outcomes after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) have changed since the advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for patients with Gleason 8–10 cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 584 men treated with RRP between 1988 and 2001 for pathological Gleason 8–10 tumours. Patients were divided for analysis by year of surgery, i.e. early (1988–93), mid (1994–97) and late PSA era (1998–2001). Survival rates after RRP were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the effect of clinicopathological factors on outcome was analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS The median preoperative PSA level decreased from 15 ng/mL in the early to 10 ng/mL in the late PSA era (P < 0.001), while the rate of organ-confined disease increased from 22.9% to 35.1% (P = 0.007). However, the 7-year biochemical recurrence-free (37% vs 45%, P = 0.087) and cancer-specific survival (89% to 91%, P = 0.73) did not change significantly from the early to the late PSA era. Increased preoperative PSA level (P < 0.001), seminal vesicle invasion (P < 0.001) and positive lymph nodes (P = 0.02) were associated with biochemical recurrence. Seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.005), positive nodes (P < 0.001) and positive surgical margins (P = 0.03) predicted death from cancer. CONCLUSION Although the pathological features of Gleason 8–10 cancers have become more favourable over the PSA era, survival has not changed. This lack of improvement in clinical outcome probably reflects the inherent biological aggressiveness of these cancers. While RRP provides long-term cancer control in a subset of these patients, continued investigation of multi-modal treatment options is warranted.
Postextraction bleeding in a patient with an acquired circulating anticoagulant against factor V

Abstract There are a few simple blood tests at the surgeon's disposal which can give an accurate picture of any deficiency in the hemostatic mechanism; these include the prothrombin time, the partial thromboplastin time, and the platelet count. Certainly, these should be considered preoperatively for any patient with hemorrhagic tendencies or postoperatively for any patient who develops secondary bleeding and fails to respond to routine hemostatic measures.
Overweight and obesity associated with a missense polymorphism in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)

The brain endogenous cannabinoid system modulates reward and craving pathways and consequently may affect body weight. A naturally occurring missense polymorphism in the gene encoding fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the primary enzyme for inactivation of endocannabinoids, is associated with problem drug use. To investigate the relationship between the FAAH cDNA 385 A/A (P129T) polymorphism and overweight disorders in subjects of multiple ethnic backgrounds attending a medical screening clinic. A total of 2667 subjects of white, black and Asian ancestry were genotyped and stratified by a standardized clinic-based assessment of body mass index (BMI, weight in kilograms/(height in meters)2 or kg/m2). Subjects were genotyped for the FAAH cDNA 385 C → A polymorphism using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization methods by investigators blinded to all clinical information. BMI was calculated based on exact clinical measurements and World Health Organization ranges were used to stratify subjects. Statistical methods included the Fisher exact test, Mann–Whitney U-test and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The homozygous FAAH 385 A/A genotype was significantly associated with overweight and obesity in white subjects (P=0.005) and in black subjects (P=0.05) but not in a small group of Asians. The median BMI for all subjects was significantly greater in the FAAH 385 A/A genotype group compared to heterozygote and wild-type groups (P=0.0001). In white subjects, there was an increasing frequency of the FAAH 385 A/A genotype with increasing BMI categories of overweight (P=0.02) and obese (P=0.006) with the same trend in black subjects. These results suggest a role for the FAAH 385 A/A missense polymorphism as an endocannabinoid risk factor in overweight/obesity and may provide indirect evidence to support cannabinoid antagonist treatment strategies in overweight disorders.
Department of law and ethics

Abstract With this issue we announce a change in the editorship of the Department of Law and Ethics. Because of the pressure of other professional responsibilities, Walter Probert and Ron Carson, under whose guidance this department was established, have asked to be relieved of this responsibility. We accept their request with regret, and acknowledge: with thanks the work that they have done. We are proud to present to the readers of Death Studies the new editors of the Department of Law and Ethics, Dr. Arthur Zucker, who is just now joining the faculty of philosophy of Ohio University, and Ms. Louise Annarino, Associate Director of the Office of Legal Affairs at Ohio University. The combined experience and expertise of these two highly accomplished individuals is ideal for the editorial leadership of this important department in Death Studies.
The dual J* of the James space has cotype 2 and the Gordon-Lewis property

We prove the result in the title. More generally we consider the Banach space υ p , of all sequences ( x n ) of scalars such that where the supremum runs over all increasing sequences n 1 ≤ n 2 ≤ …. We show that is of cotype 2 if p ≽ 2 and of cotype p ′, where 1/p′ + 1/ p = 1, if p ≤ 2. Similar results are obtained for the analogous function spaces.
Managerial Reputation and the Use of Earnings in Performance Evaluation

This study examines how managerial reputation influences the use of earnings- and stock-based measures to evaluate managers in firms. Using lagged managerial press citations, lagged five-year industry-adjusted stock performance, and managerial awards to proxy for managerial reputation, we provide evidence that when managerial reputation is higher, firms place greater weight on earnings-based measures to evaluate the managers compared to when managerial reputation is lower. However, beyond a certain level of managerial reputation, this relation is less positive and typically negative. We find weak evidence of a non-linear relation between reputation and the use of stock-based measures. This study contributes to the literature by providing evidence that perceived managerial attributes play a vital role in influencing how firms use performance measures to evaluate their managers. Furthermore, it is the first study to document non-linear relations in the use of performance measures, thus adding to our understanding of heterogeneity in the absolute use of earnings-, and compared to stock-based measures across firms.
Polycystic Liver Disease

As sonographic resolution capabilities improve and more abdominal sonograms are requested, diagnosis of polycystic liver disease (PLD) is on the increase. At first glance, the numerous liver cysts caused by PLD can be alarming. However, the disease is usually asymptomatic, and lab tests are generally within normal ranges. Prudent sonographers are advised to recognize and document the cysts for future reference in the event that symptoms progress. Appropriate reactions by the clinician, along with an understanding of the disease and its ramifications, are important to keep the patient informed.
Lower Bounds in Domain Decomposition

An important indicator of the efficiency of a domain decomposition preconditioner is the condition number of the preconditioned system. Upper bounds for the condition numbers of the preconditioned systems have been the focus of most analyses in domain decomposition [21, 20, 23]. However, in order to have a fair comparison of two preconditioners, the sharpness of the respective upper bounds must first be established, which means that we need to derive lower bounds for the condition numbers of the preconditioned systems. In this paper we survey lower bound results for domain decomposition preconditioners [7, 3, 8, 5, 22] that can be obtained within the framework of additive Schwarz preconditioners. We will describe the results in terms of the following model problem. Find uh ∈ Vh such that ∫
When the time is ripe

The diverse effects of the plant hormone ethylene on development and growth are shaped by the actions of a master regulator of transcription, EIN3.
Dental Clearance Prior to Elective Arthroplasty May Not be Needed for Everyone

We investigated the prevalence and risk factors for preoperative dental clearance failure in joint arthroplasty patients. Over a 5-month period, all patients scheduling total joint arthroplasty completed a dental questionnaire. Data collected included demographics, medical and dental history, dental hygiene practices, frequency of dental care, and results of dental clearance. Of the 300 patients, 35 (12%) failed dental clearance. Risk factors included tobacco use, poor flossing habits, history of tooth extraction, age, narcotic use, and lack of a dentist visit within 12 months. Of 189 patients who lacked the 3 least prevalent risk factors (tobacco use, narcotic use, no dental visit within 12 months), 11 (6%) failed dental clearance. Selective dental clearance based on patient risk stratification may be a reasonable approach.
SENSITIVITY OF COCCAL AND L FORMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS TO FIVE ANTIBIOTICS

Kagan, B. M. (Cedars of Lebanon Hospital, Los Angeles, Calif.), Susan Zolla, R. Busser, and Silvija Liepnieks. Sensitivity of coccal and L forms of Staphylococcus aureus to five antibiotics. J. Bacteriol. 88:630-632. 1964.-Antibiotics whose primary site of action is in the cell wall (penicillin and cephalothin) do not inhibit growth of L-phase organisms. In this study, kanamycin, neomycin, polymyxin B, lincomycin, and gentamycin were found to be more active against L-phase growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro than against the coccal forms. Therefore, their primary site of antimicrobial activity appears to be other than that involved in the synthesis or integrity of the cell wall.
Optimal design of shape memory alloy wire bundle actuators

This research studied the optimal design of shape memory alloy (SMA) muscle wire bundle actuators. Current literature describes the use of multiple muscle wires placed in parallel to increase the lifting capabilities of an SMA actuator, which however, is limited to wires of like-diameter. A constrained optimization problem was formulated, with constraints on the maximum number of wires, voltage applied, and SMA bundle length and cross-sectional area, that explored the use of several different diameter wires for the development of an optimal SMA bundle actuator that will be able to apply maximum force. As a case study, the optimal design of SMA bundle actuators for the Rutgers robotic hand is presented.