cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevention and Treatment of Traumatic Stress in Children: Few Answers, Many Questions

* Abbreviations: CER — : comparative effectiveness review This month’s issue of Pediatrics brings us the executive summary of an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality–sponsored comparative effectiveness review (CER) by Forman-Hoffman and others,1 of evidence directed at a timely question, “How can we best intervene to help children who have been exposed to traumatic events?” For the purposes of their review, the authors define traumatic events as those that do not occur in the context of personal relationships, but rather natural or man-made disasters, war, accidents, and school shootings, such as the recent tragic event in Newtown, CT. A full report of the methods and findings is available online.2 The most important conclusion derived from this rigorous review is: when it comes to empirical evidence to prevent or treat symptoms from traumatic events, we don’t know much of anything. There are numerous barriers to progress on this topic, including lack of consensus on best frameworks and operational definitions for understanding trauma exposures and outcomes, as well as failure to design studies that account for parental, family, and community factors and the impact of chronic … Address correspondence to M. Denise Dowd, MD, MPH, Division of Emergency and Urgent Care, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, Missouri 64109. E-mail: ddowd{at}cmh.edu
INCORPORATIVE THE VIEWS OF THE UNINTERESTED BUT IMPACTED PUBLIC IN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Due to a variety of factors, the great proportion of the public is excluded from participation in environmental planning. A well designed sample survey is one viable method for incorporating the views of the uninterested but impacted public in environmental decision making. Such a study was carried out on the Niagara Frontier, Experience with that study is instructive for delineating the conditions needed for maximum utilization of the information such a study can generate.
Autonomic Nervous System Differences Among Emotions

Following decades of controversy and uncertainty, there is now sufficient empirical basis for asserting the existence of a limited set of autonomic differences among emotions. Findings of autonomic distinctions among emotions-derived from the work of the author and his colleagues using two methods of emotion elicitation are reviewed. For five of these autonomic distinctions, convergent findings from the work of other investigators using the same and other elicitation methods are presented.
Kinetic studies in ethylene polymerization with ZIEGLER type catalysts. IV. Effect of electron donors on the ratio of trivalent to tetravalent titanium sites

The incorporation of D in the form of CHD groups, exclusively occuring with polymer chains attached to Ti(IV) sites, was used for the determination of electron donor effects on the ratio of Ti(III) to Ti(IV) sites. Combined measurements of polymer yields and CHD group contents supplied the data for the calculation of the ratio of the corresponding complexing constants. These ratios indicated that for a considerable fraction of the Ti(III) sites the electrophilicity was as high as for most of the Ti(IV) sites. The spread in the degree of electrophilicity was found to be greater for Ti(III) sites than for Ti(IV) sites. The latter result might indicate a more uniform structure for Ti(IV) sites. Zur Bestimmung von Elektronen-Donator-Einflussen auf das Verhaltnis von Ti(III)- zu Ti(IV)-Zentren in ZIEGLER-Katalysatoren wurde der Einbau von Deuterium benutzt, der in Form von CHD-Gruppen ausschlieslich bei Molekulen erfolgt, die an Ti(IV)-Zentren wachsen. Die zur Berechnung der Verhaltnisse der Komplexbildungskonstanten benotigten Daten waren durch die Bestimmung von Polymerisationsumsatzen und CHD-Gruppengehalten gegeben. Die erhaltenen Werte zeigen, das ein betrachtlicher Anteil der Ti(III)-Zentren von gleicher elektrophiler Natur war wie der Grosteil der Ti(IV)-Zentren. Der graduelle Unterschied erstreckte sich bei Ti(III)-Zentren uber einen groseren Bereich als bei Ti(IV)-Zentren. Das letztere Resultat scheint eine einheitlichere Struktur der Ti(IV)-Zentren anzudeuten.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine: from small beginnings, a subspecialty emerges and evolves in RI, nationwide.

Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) was introduced in Rhode Island in 1985, the year after the establishment of the federal EMS-C program designed to assist states in improving emergency medical care for children. Based at Rhode Island Hospital, PEM began as a fledgling subspe cialty when DR. WILLIAM LEWANDER was recruited as Rhode Island’s first PEM sub specialist by the divisions of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics. Dual-trained in PEM and toxicology and a member of the first class of PEM fellows at Boston Children’s Hospital, Dr. Lewander was charged with building a system of regional emergency care dedicated to the medical needs of children and their families. Early in his career, he worked tirelessly caring for patients and educating physicians, nurses and EMS providers about the evolving body of medical evidence which recognized that children were not “little adults” and were best served when receiving specialized emergency care befitting their unique phys iologies and responses to injury and illness. Within a few years of arrival, additional PEM medical and nursing colleagues joined Dr. Lewander. Together, they collaborated with emergency medicine physicians and pediatric surgeons to develop a multifaceted emergency medical system focused on the unique medical, developmental and social needs of children and adolescents.
Robotic transaxillary and retroauricular parathyroid surgery.

Current advancement in robotic surgery has provided a safe, precise, 3-dimensional (3D) magnified dissection for parathyroid surgery without the need for CO 2 insufflation, and with a better cosmetic outcome due to an invisible scar in the axillary or retroauricular region. Preoperative imaging studies that assist in the localization of lesions have been key elements in patients’ selection for targeted parathyroid surgery.
Physical Rehabilitation's Role in Disability Management: Unique Perspectives for Success

Clifton DW Jr. St Louis, MO 63146, Elsevier Saunders, 2005, hardcover, 459 pp, illus, ISBN: 0-7216-8474-2, $54.95. The author bases the premise of this book on the notion that “if rehabilitation is the unfinished business of medicine, then disability management is the unfinished business of rehabilitation.” This work addresses the broader issues related to disability management that cross disciplines and various stakeholder groups; it is not a compendium of rehabilitation treatment approaches. The book is replete with basic information about disability and disability management principles, the evolution of disability management as well as challenges for the future, application of theoretical approaches, and many concrete examples and case studies of the principles discussed. The author challenges the reader to think “outside the box” when it comes to individual, discipline-specific approaches to disability management and to consider a paradigm shift in viewing many of the topics. There are 7 sections in this book. Section I provides an extensive and thorough overview of the various disablement models and considers how different …
The Optimal Choice for Lenders Facing Defaults: Short Sale, Foreclose, or Repossession

When mortgage borrowers default and have no desire or ability to keep their property, then loss mitigation involves a sale of the property via one of the following options: (1) the lender allows pre-foreclosure "short sale" by the borrower, (2) the lender institutes the foreclosure process under a notice of default and the property is sold during the process by the borrower, and (3) the lender forecloses on the property, takes title, and sells the property in the market as real estate owned (REO). Sale of the property in the above three options is conducted by a motivated seller, either the owner or the lender, who desires to sell the property as quickly as possible. Thus, relative to a no-default sale, the house is most likely to be sold at a discounted price. It is generally expected that the discount would be lower in the case of a "short sale." This option, however, may result in a longer marketing time, thus a higher total loss, than the other two options. We developed a model that allows simultaneous estimation of price and time-on-market effects of "short sales," foreclosures, and REO options. We find that the short-sale option has the lowest-price discount, but significantly higher costs associated with marketing time. The pattern of price discount and marketing time reverses as we move to a sale while in the process of foreclosure and to a sale with an REO status.
A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction.

Controlling interfacial tension is an effective method for manipulating the shape, position, and flow of fluids at sub-millimeter length scales, where interfacial tension is a dominant force. A variety of methods exist for controlling the interfacial tension of aqueous and organic liquids on this scale; however, these techniques have limited utility for liquid metals due to their large interfacial tension. Liquid metals can form soft, stretchable, and shape-reconfigurable components in electronic and electromagnetic devices. Although it is possible to manipulate these fluids via mechanical methods (e.g., pumping), electrical methods are easier to miniaturize, control, and implement. However, most electrical techniques have their own constraints: electrowetting-on-dielectric requires large (kV) potentials for modest actuation, electrocapillarity can affect relatively small changes in the interfacial tension, and continuous electrowetting is limited to plugs of the liquid metal in capillaries. Here, we present a method for actuating gallium and gallium-based liquid metal alloys via an electrochemical surface reaction. Controlling the electrochemical potential on the surface of the liquid metal in electrolyte rapidly and reversibly changes the interfacial tension by over two orders of magnitude ( 500 mN/m to near zero). Furthermore, this method requires only a very modest potential (< 1 V) applied relative to a counter electrode. The resulting change in tension is due primarily to the electrochemical deposition of a surface oxide layer, which acts as a surfactant; removal of the oxide increases the interfacial tension, and vice versa. This technique can be applied in a wide variety of electrolytes and is independent of the substrate on which it rests.
Increasing Grid Flexibility Through Improved Electricity Demand Prediction in Nicaragua

Renewable energy provides an increasingly significant contribution to power production around the globe. The variable and uncertain nature of certain renewable energy sources, however, requires increased grid flexibility to reliably match electricity supply with demand. On average, wind energy accounts for 20% of Nicaragua's total generation, and can produce up to 50% within a given hour. Under the renewable energy regime fuel-oil generators are the main source of grid flexibility. Information-driven flexibility, such as improved demand prediction, can be used to reduce the need of fuel-oil based flexibility without affecting reliability. This paper evaluates and compares the use of multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector regression (SVR) in their ability to minimize electricity demand forecast error in Nicaragua. We find SVR reduces the mean absolute percent error of prediction to 3.8%, compared with MLR (7.7%). SVR further performs a prediction with 21% less error than the current prediction mechanism employed by the utility. Finally, we discuss how improved prediction algorithms can be used to reduce Nicaragua's dependency on fuel-oil for flexibility, while also reducing costs for the utility.
Mode of cholesterol accumulation in various tissues of rabbits with various serum cholesterol levels.

SummaryThe individual serum cholesterol of 21 adult male New Zealand white rabbits were maintained constant at certain fixed levels ranging from 31 to 2486 mg/100 ml among the group for 60 days by frequent adjustment of their dietary cholesterol intake. The cholesterol contents of 15 different tissues of all rabbits were determined at the end of the 60 day experiment. Brain and muscle did not show any significant change in their cholesterol contents. The cholesterol contents of most tissues including liver, adrenal, testis, kidney, colon, small intestine, heart, pancreas and adipose tissue increased linearly in proportion to serum cholesterol levels, whereas that of skin, aorta, spleen and lung increased exponentially with the elevation of serum cholesterol levels. The study thus provided evidence of variations in the susceptibility of different tissues to deposition of excessive cholesterol.
Microbial Growth with Multiple Stressors

Microorganisms inhabit nearly all environments on Earth, adapting sometimes to a single stressful condition and at other times to coincident stresses. When faced with a single stress, thermophilic and psychrophilic Bacteria and Archaea typically express a fraction of their entire proteome constitutively. In other cases where multiple stresses abound, such as for the opportunistic environmental pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for some halophilic archaea (haloarchaea), the microorganisms prove to be extremely versatile, turning on many different sets of genes that permit them to survive a range of different stressors. For example, the haloarchaeon Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 can grow within a salt crystal but also adapts to low-salt environments (see cover photo).
The Challenges Related to Interface Bond Characterization of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete With Implications for Bridge Rehabilitation Practices

Over the past decade there has been a significant increase in the number of concrete transportation structures reaching the end of their service lives, typically as a result of age and severe degradation. This deterioration is often the result of exposure to aggressive environments and substantial increases in vehicle loading. Rehabilitation is typically the most appropriate solution for these structures because of the high cost of full replacement, resulting in the need for cost-effective and suitable solutions for rehabilitation. Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), one of the more recent advances in construction materials, appears to be a promising material for the repair of concrete structures. The potential benefit of UHPC is primarily derived from its negligible permeability, which prevents water or chemical penetration, and its high mechanical properties, which serve to increase the bearing capacity of the structure. Some of the primary challenges associated with the use of UHPC as a repair material are uncertainty in the bond performance and interaction with the existing substrate material. This paper focuses on the characterization of the interface bond and compatibility between UHPC and normal concrete. The testing program was conducted in the spirit of ASTM because no standard test methods currently exist for UHPC. In addition, a series of numerical models were developed to support the results obtained in the experimental investigations. The results highlight the exceptional performance of the bond, but they also demonstrate a number of challenges with respect to characterizing the bond. Specific challenges included characterization of surface roughness, premature specimen failure, material strength mismatch, and the quality and consistency of the testing methods used.
Rate of the Flow of Bile. Experimental Data on the Rabbit

Summary and ConclusionsFrom the data presented it is evident that there was considerable variation in the total amount of bile obtained in each animal. The mean flow of bile per hour per kilo of body weight was 3.4 cc in the first 2 hours in 47 rabbits, 2.64 cc in the second 2 hours in 33 of the 47 rabbits, and 2.33 cc during the third 2 hours of the experiments in 19 of the 47 rabbits. Thus there was a gradual decrease in the flow of bile as the experiments proceeded. This decrease was more marked in those experiments in which the bile was collected against a hydrostatic pressure greater than that of the atmosphere. During the entire period of each experiment the gallbladder was resorbing half the volume of its content per hour, i. e., about 0.5 cc per hour per kilo of body weight,3, 4 hence the amount of bile actually produced per hour by each rabbit was greater than that recorded.
The clinical stigmata of aberrant neurodevelopment in schizophrenia

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia is currently a primary etiopathological model for schizophrenia. Its tenets derive from observations of epidemiological, postmortem, and brain imaging evidence of neurodevelopmental deviance. Clinical stigmata of neurodevelopmental arrest include the presence of obstetric complications, minor physical anomalies, abnormal dermatoglyphics, and childhood neuromotor precursors of adult schizophrenic illness. The relative importance of these stigmata and their relationship to brain imaging findings in schizophrenia are discussed.
Behavior of Tire Derived Pre-Functionalized Carbon Black for Uranium Adsorption

Extracting uranium from the solution phase has been a challenge as very few sorbents present high adsorption efficiency. A novel adsorbent in the form of Recycled Tire Carbon Black (RTCB), derived from pyrolysis of used tires, has shown promising results in adsorbing uranium from solution phase better than other functionalized carbon materials. The RTCB has been presented as a cheap and effective sorbent whose properties don’t need to be altered to obtain nearly 97% adsorption and 99% elution using 0.15M HCl. Kinetic tests were performed to understand the adsorption rates. Langmuir isotherm model estimated that the adsorption capacity was ∼45.45 mg U/g RTCB at 80 °C with enhanced adsorption kinetics predicted by first order rate laws. In addition, the RTCB demonstrated better adsorption performance at lower pH. Characterization preformed using BET, illustrated that the surface area of the RTCB was 57 m2/g while FTIR confirmed the presence of thiol (R-S-H) functional group on the surface.
Barriers to Quality End-of-Life Care for Patients With Blood Cancers

PurposePatients with blood cancers have been shown to receive suboptimal care at the end of life (EOL) when assessed with standard oncology quality measures (eg, no chemotherapy ≤ 14 days before death). As they were developed primarily for solid tumors, it is unclear if these measures are appropriate for patients with hematologic malignancies. Moreover, barriers to high-quality EOL care for this specific patient population are largely unknown.MethodsIn 2015, we asked a national cohort of hematologic oncologists about the acceptability of eight standard EOL quality measures. Building on prior qualitative work, we prespecified that measures achieving agreement among at least 55% of respondents would be considered acceptable. We also explored perspectives regarding barriers to quality EOL care.ResultsWe received 349 surveys (response rate = 57.3%). Six of the standard measures met the threshold of acceptability, and four were acceptable to > 75% of respondents: hospice admission > 7 days before death, no che...
Preliminary Studies of β-Lactoglobulin Adsorbed on Polystyrene Latex

Publisher Summary The paper presented in this chapter is devoted to the use of scattering techniques to characterize adsorbed layers and adsorbed-layer interactions and as such is a vehicle for describing the Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) technique and the method of analysis. The experiments are confined to bovine β-lactoglobulin adsorbed on polystyrene particles. Polystyrene latex is a standard model colloid system. The particles are essentially smooth, hard and non-porous spheres and they can be prepared with different types of charge at various charge densities. Size distributions can be very sharp for a range of diameters convenient for either SAXS or light scattering measurements. The primary charge density can be assessed by titration and the net charge density estimated from micro-electrophoresis. The high surface areas enable adsorption isotherms to be established by solution-depletion experiments. The β-lactoglobulin is a model food protein with known amino acid sequence and a recently published secondary structure for the crystalline state. The chapter characterizes its solution behavior and summarizes it to set the present experiments in proper context.
Polarization enhanced tunnel junctions in tandem solar cells

By utilizing the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization inherent in wurtzite III-V nitride semiconductors, the insertion of a strained layer of InGaN, AlN or InN along the [0001] crystal orientation of GaN will result in large sheets of fixed charges. The permanent dipole resulting from these charges contribute directly to the high electric field in these layers that bends the conduction band on the n-side below the valence band of the p-side to enable interband (Zener) tunneling. At low reverse bias, this tunneling current can achieve higher magnitudes than its equally biased forward regime. This is essentially backward conduction, which is useful mechanism in providing a low resistance pathway for current in tandem solar cells.
Organization and function of Drosophila odorant binding proteins

Insects use their sense of smell to find mates, to find food and – in the case of insects that transmit diseases such as malaria and Zika – to find us. If we can understand how insect scent detection works at the molecular and cellular level, we may be able to devise new ways of manipulating the insects’ sense of smell and prevent them from finding us. Insects contain a family of proteins called odorant binding proteins that are intriguing in several ways. They are numerous (there are 52 kinds in the fruit fly Drosophila), they are diverse and some are made in remarkably large amounts in the antennae. Fine hair-like structures known as olfactory sensilla protrude from the surface of the antennae. Odorant binding proteins are widely believed to carry odorant molecules through the fluid inside the sensilla to olfactory neurons, which then send signals that trigger the insect’s response to the scent. Larter et al. have now mapped the most abundant odorant binding proteins to the various olfactory sensilla of Drosophila. This revealed that a type of sensillum known as ab8 contained only one abundant odorant binding protein, called Obp28a. Unexpectedly, Larter et al. found that ab8 sensilla that are deprived of this protein respond strongly to odorant molecules. This result suggests that Obp28a is not required to transport odorants to the neurons in ab8; indeed, it appears that these neurons do not require an abundant odorant binding protein in order to respond to a scent. Instead, Obp28a helps to moderate the effects of sudden changes in the level of an odorant in the environment, so that concentrated odors do not trigger too large a response from the olfactory neurons. The details of the role that Obp28a plays in olfactory sensilla remain to be investigated in future studies, and the map created by Larter et al. also lays a foundation for studying the roles of other odorant binding proteins. The discovery that Obp28a is not needed to transport odorant molecules also raises questions about how insects are able to detect smells. Many odorant molecules repel water, so how do these molecules travel through the fluid in the sensilla if odorant binding proteins are not needed to transport them?
Distributions of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in a Socioeconomically and Racially Diverse Sample

Background and Purpose— Differential subgroup vulnerability to subclinical cardiovascular disease is likely, and yet few, if any, studies have addressed interactive relations of age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) to these conditions to examine nuances of known health disparities. We examined distributions of carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in a socioeconomically diverse, biracial, urban sample. Methods— Participants (n=2270) in the population-based HANDLS study (Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span; 30–64 years old, 44% men, 57% African American, 39% with household income Results— In cross-sectional hierarchical regression analyses, interactive race×SES effects were identified for IMT and pulse wave velocity, such that high SES African Americans had significantly thicker IMTs and faster pulse wave velocities than all other subgroups (ie, low SES African Americans, low SES whites, and high SES whites). A race×sex effect was also identified for IMT, such that the IMT discrepancy between white men and women was more pronounced than the discrepancy between African American men and women. Finally, an SES×sex effect indicated that while IMTs of high SES and low SES men did not significantly differ, high SES women had marginally thicker IMTs than low SES women. Conclusions— High SES African Americans may be particularly vulnerable to subclinical cardiovascular diseases, placing them at enhanced risk for clinical cardiovascular diseases, including stroke. These findings suggest that male sex, low SES, and African American ancestry may represent imprecise generalizations as risk factors for subclinical cardiovascular disease.
Oxygen partial pressure dependence of thermoelectric power factor in polycrystalline n-type SrTiO3: Consequences for long term stability in thermoelectric oxides

The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity have been measured as functions of oxygen partial pressure over the range of 10−22 to 10−1 atm at 1173 K for a 10% niobium-doped SrTiO3 ceramic with a grain size comparable to the oxygen diffusion length. Temperature-dependent measurements performed from 320 to 1275 K for as-prepared samples reveal metallic-like conduction and good thermoelectric properties. However, upon exposure to progressively increasing oxygen partial pressure, the thermoelectric power factor decreased over time scales of 24 h, culminating in a three order of magnitude reduction over the entire operating range. Identical measurements on single crystal samples show negligible changes in the power factor so that the instability of ceramic samples is primarily tied to the kinetics of grain boundary diffusion. This work provides a framework for understanding the stability of thermoelectric properties in oxides under different atmospheric conditions. The control of the oxygen atmosphere ...
Reputation and signaling in asset sales

Abstract Static adverse selection models of security issuance show that informed issuers can perfectly reveal their private information by maintaining a costly stake in the securities they issue. This paper shows that allowing an issuer to both signal current security quality via retention and build a reputation for honesty leads that issuer to misreport quality even when owning a positive stake, that is, the equilibrium is neither separating nor pooling. An issuer retains less as reputation improves and prices are more sensitive to retention when the issuer has a worse reputation.
Activity: Getting Students to Office Hours

Office hours are a great place to students to get the help and support they need to succeed but many students, including first generation students and those struggling with course content, are hesitant to attend office hours. I will share an exercise I use at the beginning of the semester to get students to office hours. This low threat extra credit activity ensures students know where to find me and makes them more willing to come to office hours later on in the semester.
Estimating Discount Factors within a Random Utility Theoretic Framework

Choices involving tradeoffs of benefits and costs over time are pervasive in our everyday lives. The observation of declining discount rates in experimental settings has led many to promote hyperbolic discounting over standard exponential discounting as the preferred descriptive model of intertemporal choice. In this paper, I develop a new framework that directly models the intertemporal utility function associated with an intertemporal outcome. This random utility model produces explicit maximum likelihood estimates of the discounting parameters. The main benefit of this approach is that I am able to perform formal statistical tests of quasi-hyperbolic and hyperbolic discounting, which has not been done previously in the economics literature. I apply this estimation method to two original data sets, a stated-preference survey of cleanup options for the Minnesota River Basin and revealed-preference choices of lottery payment options, in addition to one published data set. Formal statistical tests fail to find evidence in support of hyperbolic or quasi-hyperbolic discounting. Constant (exponential) annual discount rates range from eight to eleven percent over the three data sets, which are lower than those usually found in experimental studies but consistent with interest rates found in capital markets. I propose that confounding experimental artifacts may be responsible for previous evidence in favor of hyperbolic discounting. Specifically, uncertainty in future rewards, perceived future transaction costs, and subadditive discounting may confound estimates of rates of time preference (discount rates) from previous experimental designs.
Shaking Table Test of a Half-Scale Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Bridge Abutment

This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamic response of a half-scale geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutment system using a shaking table. Experimental design of the model specimen followed established similitude relationships for shaking table tests on reduced-scale models in a 1-g gravitational field, including scaling of model geometry, geosynthetic-reinforcement stiffness, backfill soil modulus, bridge load, and characteristics of the earthquake motions. The 2.7-m-high GRS bridge abutment was constructed using well-graded sand backfill, modular facing blocks, and uniaxial geogrid reinforcements with a vertical spacing of 0.15 m in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. A bridge beam was placed on the GRS bridge abutment at one end and on a concrete support wall resting on a sliding platform off the shaking table at the other end. The GRS bridge abutment system was subjected to a series of input motions in the longitudinal direction. Results indicate that the testing system performed well, and that the GRS bridge abutment experienced small deformations. For two earthquake motions, the maximum incremental residual facing displacement in model scale was 1.0 mm, and the average incremental residual bridge seat settlement in model scale was 1.4 mm, which corresponds to a vertical strain of 0.7 %.
Tic Disorders and PANDAS

Tics are the most common movement disorder in childhood and are a frequent reason for referral to child neurology clinics. The purpose of this review is to examine the phenomenology of tics, discuss what is known regarding their genetic and pathophysiological causes and to evaluate current treatment options. The evidence for the evaluation and treatment of the controversial diagnosis of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococci (PANDAS) will also be reviewed. With improved understanding of tic disorders, their etiology and response to current treatment options, we may be able to more effectively diagnose them and identify novel treatment strategies.
Navigation With Cellular CDMA Signals—Part I: Signal Modeling and Software-Defined Receiver Design

A software-defined receiver (SDR) for navigation using cellular code-division multiple access (CDMA) signals is presented. The cellular forward link signal structure is described, and models for the transmitted and received signals are developed. Particular attention is paid to relevant information that could be extracted and subsequently exploited for positioning and timing purposes. The pseudorange from the proposed receiver is modeled and the pseudorange error is studied in an additive white Gaussian channel. Experimental results with aerial and ground vehicles utilizing the proposed SDR are presented demonstrating a close match between the variation in pseudoranges and the variation in true ranges between the receiver and two cellular CDMA base transceiver stations (BTSs). Moreover, the dynamics of the discrepancy between the observed clock biases of different sectors of the same BTS cell is modeled and validated experimentally. The consistency of the obtained model is analyzed through experimental tests in different locations, at different times, and for different cellular providers.
Resources for Patients with Diabetes

Modern comprehensive care for patients with diabetes includes many components. One of these is Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME). DSME empowers patients to control their disease on a daily basis. The best way to arm the patient with the knowledge is to offer comprehensive counseling provided by the diabetes team, which may include physicians, nurses, registered dietitians, exercise physiologists, and other specialists. Often DSME is provided by Certified Diabetes Educators (CDE) – health care professionals who obtained their certification by passing the National Board Examination for Diabetes Educators. Some pre-examination requirements include a minimum of 2 years of professional practice experience in diabetes self-management education and a minimum of 1000 h of diabetes self-management education experience.
Maintaining consistency in hierarchical reasoning

We explore techniques for maintaining consistency in reasoning when employing dynamic hierarchical task decompositions. In particular, we consider the difficulty of maintaining consistency when an agent nonmonotonically modifies an assumption in one level of the task hierarchy and that assumption depends upon potentially dynamic assertions higher in the hierarchy. The hypothesis of our work is that reasoning maintenance can be extended to hierarchical systems such that consistency is maintained across all levels of the hierarchy. We introduce two novel extensions to standard reason maintenance approaches, assumption justification and dynamic hierarchical justification, both of which provide the necessary capabilities. The key difference between the two methods is whether a particular assumption (assumption justification) or an entire level of the hierarchy (dynamic hierarchical justification) is disabled when an inconsistency is found. Our investigations suggest that dynamic hierarchical justification has advantages over assumption justification, especially when the task decomposition is wellconstructed. Agents using dynamic hierarchical justification also compare favorably to agents using less complete methods for reasoning consistency, improving the reactivity of hierarchical architectures while eliminating the need for knowledge that otherwise would be required to maintain reasoning consistency.
Psychosocial Aspects of Epilepsy

It has long been known that epileptic patients suffer various levels and types of psychosocial deficits. These include intelligence levels, academic deficits, social interactions both at home and in the public realm, and overall quality and satisfaction with life. Contributing to these aspects of existence are types, severity, and frequency of seizures, treatment regimes such as effects of AEDs, and the view by the patient of his or her disorder.
Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial NAD + -NADH 2 ratios in rat brain and liver: effect of hypoxia.

Abstract 1. 1. The cytoplasmic and mitochondrial NAD + NADH 2 ratios of liver and brain (calculated by the substrate ratio method) were compared in normal and hypoxic rats. 2. 2. Hypoxia decreased the NAD + NADH 2 ratios in liver cytoplasm and mitochondria and in brain cytoplasm, but increased the ratios in brain mitochondria. This increase was the mathematical result of an increase in brain intracellular acidity together with unchanged mitochondrial substrate ratios. 3. 3. It is suggested that the complex metabolic compartmentation of the brain of the adult rat may be responsible for the lack of hypoxic change in the mitochondrial substrate ratios.
The Importance of Stable Income Sources in Retirement: An Exploratory Study

Spiraling compensation costs over the past two decades has led many firms to change their compensation strategies. There has been a shift in employee pension benefits as a form of compensation, as firms are rapidly moving from defined benefit plans towards defined contribution plans. In this study, we examine data and prior empirical analyses from the Health and Retirement Study to explore how this shift may affect retirees and employees. Based on an exploratory data analysis, we introduce a theoretical framework representing the relationship between retiree satisfaction and pension plans, and discuss its potential impact on organizations and their employees.
The probabilism debate that never was

This paper responds to Ronald Allen and Michael Pardo's essay, “Relative Plausibility and its Critics.” In short, Profs. Allen and Pardo succeed on one front but fail on another. They succeed in de...
The continuing story of T‐cell independent antibodies

The purpose of this article is to review the role of extrafollicular and T-cell independent antibody responses in humoral immunity. We consider two interrelated questions: (a) do T-cell independent antibody responses dominated by IgM and/or IgA play unique functions in immunity and homeostasis; and (b) is it typical for these responses to result in lifelong protection? In addressing these questions, we consider the established advantages of T-cell driven responses including the unique role played by germinal center reactions in these responses, and contrast the processes and outcomes of germinal center-centric responses with germinal center- and T-cell independent antibodies. We suggest that T-independent and other extrafollicular responses contribute substantially to highly stable antibody repertoires in both the serum and the intestine, providing relatively constitutive humoral barriers with the collective dual function of protecting against invading pathogens and regulating the composition of non-pathogenic microbial communities.
132) Predictors of Opioid Analgesic Prescription in Adult Outpatients with Sickle Cell Disease

Opioid analgesics are the mainstay therapy for managing severe pain of sickle cell disease (SCD) for the 100,000 Americans afflicted with it. However, there is limited evidence on the contribution of sociodemographic and clinical factors as predictors of opioid prescription in adult outpatients with SCD. Using baseline data from an ongoing longitudinal clinical trial, the purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to determine sociodemographic and clinical factors that predict opioid prescription calculated as Morphine Sulfate Equivalent (MSEQ) in adult outpatients with SCD. Patients (N=186, mean age 36.6±11.7 years [19-74 years], 97% African American, 59% female) enrolled between March 2015 and August 2017 completed PAINReportIt, a computerized pain measure that obtains demographic questions, weight and medication profile. Patients also completed thermal and mechanical quantitative sensory testing (QST [heat/cold/mechanical pain thresholds]) at three body sites. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, and multivariate regression analysis were computed using R statistical software. Ninety-nine percent of outpatients were on analgesics prescription, including opioids (92%), NSAIDs (64%), and adjuvants (25%). Mean scores were: average pain intensity (API) (4.5±2.4 [range 0-9]), MSEQ (62.5±105.9 [range 0-525]), and weight (159.2±41.5). Thirty-one percent of patients had pain sensitization while 69% were not sensitized. Results of the multiple regression showed that API and adjuvant prescription were positively associated with MSEQ (p
The Vicious Circle of the Constricting State as Viewed through the Failure of Executive Leadership in Anglo-American Democracies

I have a dirty little secret to tell. On the night of February 4, 1997, when President Bill Clinton was to give his State of the Union address and the judge in the O.J. Simpson civil case was to read the jury’s verdict, I surfed the channels to find a station that was covering the latter story rather than the speech.
The construction and the initial validation of the Cognitive Bias Scale for the Personality Assessment Inventory

Objective: This study describes the derivation and initial validation evidence of a novel Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) scale designed to be sensitive to cognitive response bias, as defined by poor performance on performance validity tests (PVTs), in the context of neuropsychological assessment. The Cognitive Bias Scale (CBS) is a ten-item scale that was designed to discriminate between neuropsychological patients who passed or failed PVTs. Method: In a sample of 306 consecutive mixed neuropsychological outpatients, the CBS was derived by initially selecting items that significantly discriminated participants who passed and failed two or more PVTs, with further item refinement utilizing Item Response Theory methods. Results: Initial validation evidence suggests the CBS outperforms existing PAI symptom validity tests in predicting failure on two or more PVTs. The CBS showed good ability to discriminate between valid and invalid performance validity (Cohen's d = -0.96), with good classification accuracy (area under the curve = 0.72). Conclusions: Study results suggest the CBS may be useful in detecting cognitive response bias in a mixed neuropsychological outpatient sample; however, cross-validation will be necessary to further establish its utility.
Protestors, terrorists or something else? How to think about dissident groups:

Many scholars of contentious politics claim there is no such thing as a group that uses only one tactic, yet scholars, pundits, and the public routinely use single-minded terms like protestors, dis...
Reactivity of contact metals on monolayer WS2

Incorporating two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) into electronic and optoelectronic applications requires a fundamental understanding of metal/TMD interactions. This work applies a fast and easy approach to observe reactivity between metal contacts and monolayer (1L) WS2 via Raman spectroscopy using both destructive and non-destructive methods. We compare findings from Raman spectra collected via a backside geometry and also from mechanically exfoliated metal/WS2 films after annealing with our previously published thermodynamic predictions for reactivity of bulk materials. The disappearance of the Raman-active phonon modes for WS2 suggests the consumption of WS2 through reactions with the continuous metal film, as observed completely for Ti upon deposition and nearly completely for Al after annealing at and above 100 °C. On the other hand, the persistence of multiple Raman-active phonon modes for WS2 confirms that Au, Cu, and Pd are unreactive with WS2 upon deposition and after cumulatively annealing for 1 h at 100, 200, and 300 °C, even though unreactive metal overlayers can shift some of the peaks in the spectrum. The metal/WS2 reactivity observed in this study is in excellent agreement with predictions from bulk thermodynamics, which can provide good guidance for studies of other metal/TMD systems. In addition, using a backside geometry for collecting Raman spectra can aid in fundamental studies of interfaces with TMDs.
Adapting a Neural Engineering Summer Camp for High School Students to a Fully Online Experience

The COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting health and safety concerns caused the cancellation of many engineering education opportunities for high school students. To expose high school students to the field of neural engineering and encourage them to pursue academic pathways in biomedical engineering, the Center for Neurotechnology (CNT) at the University of Washington converted an in-person summer camp to a fully online program (Virtual REACH Program, VRP) offering both synchronous and asynchronous resources. The VRP is a five-day online program that focuses on a different daily theme (neuroscience, brain-computer interfaces, electrical stimulation, neuroethics, career/academic pathways). Each day, the VRP starts with a live videoconference meeting (lecture and interactive discussion) with a CNT faculty member. The online lectures are supported by at-home learning resources (e.g., text, videos, activities, quizzes) embedded within a digital book created using the Pressbook platform. An online bulletin board (Padlet) is also used by students to share artifacts and build community. Program evaluation will be conducted by an external evaluator. A summative survey will collect information on participants’ experiences in the VRP and will help inform future iterations of the program. Although significant time was required to create a digital book, the VRP will reach a larger audience than the prior in-person program and resulted in the creation of learning tools that can be used in the future.
Nonreciprocal photonic topological order driven by uniform optical pumping

Photonic topological insulators (PTIs) have raised significant interest in recent years, in part because of their protected edge propagation. Most PTI realizations have been based on reciprocal platforms, with protection only from symmetry-preserving defects. Nonreciprocal PTIs protect against arbitrary disorder, but their implementation requires breaking reciprocity either through a magnetic bias or complex spatiotemporal modulation schemes. Here, we demonstrate that nonreciprocal topological protection can be achieved by optically pumping a nonlinear photonic crystal with a uniform bias field, drastically simplifying the implementation of quantum-Hall-like topological protection in silicon-compatible platforms for classical and quantum optics.
IntAPT: integrated assembly of phenotype-specific transcripts from multiple RNA-seq profiles.

Motivation High-throughput RNA sequencing has revolutionized the scope and depth of transcriptome analysis. Accurate reconstruction of a phenotype-specific transcriptome is challenging due to the noise and variability of RNA-seq data. This requires computational identification of transcripts from multiple samples of the same phenotype, given the underlying consensus transcript structure. Results We present a Bayesian method, Integrated Assembly of Phenotype-specific Transcripts (IntAPT), that identifies phenotype-specific isoforms from multiple RNA-seq profiles. IntAPT features a novel two-layer Bayesian model to capture the presence of isoforms at the group layer and to quantify the abundance of isoforms at the sample layer. A spike-and-slab prior is used to model the isoform expression and to enforce the sparsity of expressed isoforms. Dependencies between the existence of isoforms and their expression are modeled explicitly to facilitate parameter estimation. Model parameters are estimated iteratively using Gibbs sampling to infer the joint posterior distribution, from which the presence and abundance of isoforms can reliably be determined. Studies using both simulations and real data sets show that IntAPT consistently outperforms existing methods for the integrated assembly of phenotype-specific transcripts. Experimental results demonstrate that, despite sequencing errors, IntAPT exhibits a robust performance among multiple samples, resulting in notably improved identification of expressed isoforms of low abundance. Availability The IntAPT package is available at http://github.com/henryxushi/IntAPT. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Athermal sediment creep triggered by porous flow

Experiments on a submerged sediment layer creep were performed, varying the system angle and a porous flow, far under the avalanching stress criterion. Logarithmic decay rates of the deformation are observed, with the rate increasing with both control parameters.