cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitions associated with nurse performance: a comparison of concurrent and retrospective verbal reports of nurse performance in a simulated task environment.

Abstract Background Cognitions represent the computations associated with human thought processes. Verbal protocols offer a method by which to record these processes. While concurrent and retrospective verbal reporting of cognitions have been used extensively within nursing and other domains, the use of this methodology in nursing has been characterized by inconsistencies in its application. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to describe and compare the content of concurrent and retrospective verbal reports provided by nurses during and after administering care in a simulated task environment. Design The study utilized a laboratory based quasi-experimental research design. Setting The study was based in a simulation laboratory designed specifically for use in studies designed to measure nursing performance. The laboratory integrated extensive instrumentation that facilitated the comprehensive audio and video recording of participant actions. Participants The participants ( N =15) were recruited from a College of Nursing at a large university in the Southeastern United States. Methods Research participants were asked to admit a patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure in a simulated task environment, during which they were required to prioritize and provide care. Participants were trained in the method for providing verbal reports of thoughts, and concurrent and retrospective report data were collected during and after the simulation exercise. The data were then coded for the purposes of descriptive analysis. Results The results indicated that the concurrent verbal reports provide a more complete representation of the cognitions of research participants providing care in a simulated task environment. However, the results reflect that additional unique data is present in the retrospective reports, exclusive of the concurrent reports. Conclusions The findings support the utility of concurrent and retrospective verbal reports as a method of gathering data in studies that address nursing performance in a clinical context.
Grasp force matching and brain iron content estimated in vivo in older women

Increased brain iron content has been linked to neural degeneration and to age-related decline of cognitive and motor functions. The basal ganglia (BG), which contain significant amount of iron, play an important role in establishing and modulating force requirements in hand grasp to meet specific task demands. However, it is unclear if increased BG iron content contributes to age differences in hand grasp performance. To investigate the relationship between BG iron content and hand grasp force matching in older (65.0 ± 8.9 years) healthy women, participants generated a 20 % maximum voluntary exertion reference force that was matched with the opposite hand in the Contralateral Remembered (CR) and Contralateral Concurrent (CC) conditions and with the same hand in the Ipsilateral Remembered (IR) condition. T2* relaxation times calculated from MRI scans served to estimate iron content in the caudate nucleus (Cd), globus pallidus (GP), and putamen (Pt). Greater iron content in all BG was associated with relatively greater number of errors committed when matching force with the opposite hand in the CR and CC conditions than with the same hand in the IR condition. Younger women with greater estimated iron content committed more errors than their older counterparts with lesser estimated iron content in Cd and Pt. Greater iron content in the BG may contribute to sensorimotor declines in healthy women, and relative iron content quantified by MRI may be a promising biomarker of such.
Complications of right heart catheterization. A prospective autopsy study.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the type and prevalence of abnormalities associated with right heart catheterization. We performed detailed post-mortem examinations of 32 consecutive patients brought to autopsy with a right heart catheter in the pulmonary artery. Thrombosis (17 patients, 53 percent), hemorrhagic lesions (25 patients, 78 percent), and intimal fibrin deposition (21 patients, 66 percent) were found at sites along the entire path of the catheter. Twenty-nine patients (91 percent) had either thrombosis, hemorrhage or both. While the superior vena cava was the most common site for all lesions, seven patients had thrombosis involving the chambers and valves of the heart and four had thrombosis involving the pulmonary artery. The incidence of thrombosis was significantly higher after 36 hours of catheterization (p
Starved for Credit? Bank Lending Strategies and Constraints

Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) often require financing and bank loans. But the problem that corporations face in obtaining loans hasn't been much relieved in the years since the 2008 credit crisis. The author of this article, a financial consultant, reports that clients are constantly complaining about the difficulty in obtaining financing. And many clients blame the banks for their plight. This article discusses the complex issues impacting this situation and strategies that corporate treasurers can take to cope with the problem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observations of a 12 H wave in the mesopause region at the South Pole

In December 1989 a Na lidar was installed at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station and was used to measure aerosol, stratospheric temperature and mesospheric Na profiles through October 1990. The mesospheric Na data are used to characterize the gravity wave field in the mesopause region. These first lidar observations of Na layer dynamics at the South Pole show strong wave activity during the Antarctic winter. Data for 25 June and 19 August 1990 UT are presented here. The total wave induced variances in atmospheric density are respectively 29 and 35 (%)2. The Na layer centroid height is very low during both observation periods. On 25 June a strong 12 h oscillation is observed in the bottomside of the Na layer which extends to altitudes as low as 74 km. The vertical displacement and temperature amplitudes associated with the 12 h oscillation are respectively 1.9 km and 19 K. The characteristics of the 12 h wave are similar to the pseudotide observed at Svalbard by Walterscheid et al. [1986].
Beyond Talking About Books Implications of the Reading Comprehension Instruction and Pedagogical Beliefs of a Special Educator Perceived as Effective

This investigation extends the study of the reading comprehension practices used with students with learning disabilities (LD) via a case study, exploring the beliefs and practices in reading compr...
Single sysem ectopic ureters and ureteroceles associated with dysplastic kidney

Eight children forming an uncommon subgroup of renal obstructive dysplasia are presented. Each child had a nonfunctioning dysplastic kidney with a single collecting system with ectopic ureteral insertion and/or ureterocele. Five of the children had classic multicystic dysplastic kidneys, one had they hdyronephrotic type of multicystic dysplasia kidney had two had hypoplastic kidneys. Other significant medical problems in 5 of the 8 children (63%Z) included VACTERL association, congenital heart diseaise and other genitourinary malformations. Unlike some children with unilateral multicystic dysplasia kidney, this subgroup of children ahs an increased risk of infection. The must be correctly identified on imaging so that tailored clinical management decisions can be made and associated anomalies detected.
An Accrual/Multi-Factor Approach to Intestate Inheritance Rights for Unmarried Committed Partners

As cohabitation among unmarried couples becomes more common in the United States, a most pressing challenge facing inheritance law scholars, practitioners and others who concern themselves with the development of inheritance law is to craft reforms that would, if implemented, better serve non-marital families while at the same time maintain a reasonable ease of administration of estates. One area in urgent need of such reform is intestacy law. Current intestacy law generally does not reflect as well as it could the way Americans today structure their family lives. For example, the intestacy statutes of forty-seven states make no provision for the survivor of a non-marital committed partnership. This article proposes to change that.Professor Spitko has structured an intestacy statute that looks beyond the attributed intent of the decedent in order to protect those surviving committed partners who contributed significantly to the decedent's wealth or physical well-being or who sacrificed career opportunities for the good of the partnership. To implement these reciprocity and reliance values, Professor Spitko identifies twenty-three factors (the "multi-factor" test) that a court should use to qualify a committed partner for the purposes of the intestacy statute. His proposal also sets forth an accrual schedule that determines the size of the surviving committed partner's intestate share based on the duration of the partnership. Professor Spitko further proposes to give an intestate share to the survivor of a committed partnership that fractured prior to the decedent's death if, under the circumstances, the survivor's reciprocity or reliance interests should be vindicated. And he proposes to alter the rules for standing to challenge a committed partner's will in order to minimize the uncertainty that the proposal necessarily would introduce into the probate process.
A numerical method for some stochastic differential equations with multiplicative noise

Diffusion processes intended to model the continuous state space limit of birth–death processes, chemical reactions, and other discrete particle systems often involve multiplicative noise where the diffusion vanishes near one (or more) of the state space boundaries. Standard direct numerical simulation schemes for the associated stochastic differential equations run the risk of “overshooting”, i.e., of varying outside the meaningful state space domain where simple analytic expressions for the diffusion coefficient may take on unphysical (negative or complex) values. We propose a simple scheme to overcome this problem and apply it to an exactly soluble stochastic ordinary differential equation (SODE), and to a related parabolic stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) that admits exact analytic solution for the stationary correlation function. Armed with these analytic benchmark solutions, we demonstrate that the scheme produces approximate solutions for the SODE with distributions that display first-order convergence in the Wasserstein metric. For the SPDE, the scheme produces first order convergence for
Emotional Contagion Revisited: Effects of Social Comparison and Expressive Style on Mood Convergence

This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the spread of emotion from one individual to another. Subjects who were either very high or very low in nonverbal expressiveness were paired to create equal numbers of same-sex dyads in which both members were higiily expressive, both were unexpressive, or a high and a low were paired together. Moods were assessed both before and after a britf waiting period during which talking was not allowed. The results suggested that social comparison processes are, in part, responsible far mood convergence. Consistent with previous findings, the expressive members of high-low dyads exerted more influence on moods of the unexpressives than vice versa.
An endoplasmic reticulum-specific stress-activated caspase (caspase-12) is implicated in the apoptosis of A549 epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induced programmed cell death or apoptosis in the cultured lung epithelial cell line, A549. The apoptotic cells underwent multiple changes, including fragmentation and degradation of genomic DNA, consistent with the activation of the DNA fragmentation factor or caspase-activated DNase (DFF or CAD). The infection led to activation of FasL; however, a transdominant mutant of FAS-downstream death domain protein, FADD, did not inhibit apoptosis. Similarly, modest activation of cytoplasmic apoptotic caspases, caspase-3 and -8, were observed; however, only a specific inhibitor of caspases-3 inhibited apoptosis, while an inhibitor of caspase-8 had little effect. No activation of caspase-9 and -10, indicators of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, was observed. In contrast, RSV infection strongly activated caspase-12, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response caspase. Activation of the ER stress response was further evidenced by upregulation of ER chaperones BiP and calnexin. Antisense-mediated inhibition of caspase-12 inhibited apoptosis. Inhibitors of NF-kappa B had no effect on apoptosis. Thus, RSV-induced apoptosis appears to occur through an ER stress response that activates caspase-12, and is uncoupled from NF-kappa B activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 80:441–454, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Schools, Disciplines, and Reviews

Arens' review of Urban Dynamics in Black Africa: An Interdisciplinary Approach (AA 75:1828-1828) is disturbing in at least two respects-my co-author terms these "academic ideological bias" and "oceanic presumption." (I leave aside the fact that the main themes of the book are never mentioned.) First, it displays a lack of sympathy with the main thrust of contemporary social science: the attempt to establish empirically based general statements about human behavior. Thus, after he quotes an introductory statement that "heavy reliance is placed upon general statements," he condemns such an effort: "Unfortunately, this sentence too adequately characterizes what follows." The two paragraphs in the book which follow the quoted statement elaborate what was attemped and show how it fits into a wider effort among social scientists:
Effects of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Therapy on Subjective Bother and Neural Connectivity in Chronic Tinnitus

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program in patients with chronic bothersome tinnitus on the (1) severity of symptoms of tinnitus and (2) functional connectivity in neural attention networks.Study DesignOpen-label interventional pilot study.SettingOutpatient academic medical center.SubjectsA total of 13 adult participants with a median age of 55 years, suffering from bothersome tinnitus.MethodsAn 8-week MBSR program was conducted by a trained MBSR instructor. The primary outcome measure was the difference in patient-reported tinnitus symptoms using the Tinnitus Handicap Index (THI) and Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) between pre-intervention, post-MBSR, and 4-week post-MBSR assessments. Secondary outcomes included change in measurements of depression, anxiety, mindfulness, and cognitive abilities. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at pre- and post-MBSR intervention time points to serve as a neuroimaging biomarker of critica...
Development and Assessment of a New Hybrid Density Functional Model for Thermochemical Kinetics

A new hybrid Hartree-Fock-density functional model called the Becke88-Becke95 1-parameter model for kinetics (BB1K) was optimized against a database of three forward barrier heights, three reverse barrier heights, and three energies of reaction for the reactions in the BH6 representative barrier height database. We then assessed the newly developed BB1K method against a saddle point geometries database, a database of 42 barrier heights, the AE6 representative atomization energy database, a molecular geometries data set, and a set of 13 zero point energies. The results show that BB1K can give excellent saddle point geometries and barrier heights, and its performance for calculating atomization energies is 40% better than MPW1K. Using a mean mean unsigned error criterion that equally weights the errors in barrier heights and in bond energies, the new BB1K method outperforms all other DFT and hybrid DFT methods by a large margin, and we therefore conclude that it is the best density functional-type method for thermochemical kinetics.
IS CIGARETTE SMOKING RELATED TO ALCOHOL USE DURING THE 8 YEARS FOLLOWING TREATMENT FOR ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG ABUSE

Aims: The present study examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and alcohol use outcomes over an 8-year period following treatment for adolescent alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders. Methods: The present study was based on a sample of 166 adolescents recruited during inpatient AOD abuse treatment. Included in this study were 123 (74% of the full sample) participants, of whom 41% were female, 81% identified themselves as White and who averaged 15.9 years of age (SD = 1.3) when entering treatment. Data for the present study were drawn from interviews conducted at the time of treatment and 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-years post-treatment. Results: Twenty six percent of participants had quit smoking for > 1 year at the 8-year assessment, while 44% reported persistent smoking over time. Overall smoking rates decreased significantly over time. Subjects associated with the highest alcohol involvement trajectory reported significantly greater likelihood of persistent smoking as well as higher current smoking and cigarette consumption across time points. Conclusions: The significant declines observed in smoking from adolescence into young adulthood were contrary to expectations, indicating that this behaviour may be less stable than previously thought among adolescent AOD abusers. Smoking involvement over time was greater within the highest alcohol use trajectory, consistent with previous evidence for a positive relationship between these behaviours. However, when compared with the general population smoking rates remained very high regardless of alcohol involvement. Thus, individuals treated for AOD abuse as adolescents remained at elevated risk for tobacco related disease regardless of post-treatment AOD use outcomes.
African American and European American Children in Diverse Elementary Classrooms: Social Integration, Social Status, and Social Behavior

With a sample of African American and European American 3rd- and 4th-grade children (N = 486, ages 8–11 years), this study examined classroom ethnic composition, peer social status (i.e., social preference and perceived popularity as nominated by same- and cross-ethnicity peers), and patterns of ethnic segregation (i.e., friendship, peer group, and cross-ethnicity dislike). African American—but not European American—children had more segregated relationships and were more disliked by cross-ethnicity peers when they had fewer same-ethnicity classmates. African American children’s segregation was positively associated with same-ethnicity social preference and perceived popularity and with cross-ethnicity perceived popularity. European American children’s segregation was positively associated with same-ethnicity social preference but negatively associated with cross-ethnicity social preference and perceived popularity.
The Cost Of Providing Health Care Benefits To Early Retirees

Abstract: Subsidized health care benefits would be guaranteed for early retirees ages fifty-five to sixty-four under President Bill Clinton's health care reform proposal. This is an important policy issue because persons in this age group are the least likely age cohort of the nonelderly population to be working. They are also the most likely to face high and uncertain health care costs. Previous research has shown that access to continuation of health insurance coverage encourages retirement before age sixty-five. These retirement effects can add substantially to the federal government's cost of providing health care benefits to early retirees. Based upon various assumptions for premium levels, the induced retirement effects of current workers, and the number of nonworkers qualifying for subsidized benefits, we present total annual cost estimates to the federal government, based on 1994 figures, ranging from $9.1 billion to $19.6 billion, to provide subsidized benefits to the nonworking population betwee...
The total cross section for the production of heavy quarks in hadronic collisions

We present the result.8 of a full calculation of the QCD O(a$) radiative corrections to the total cross aection for the production of a heavy quark pair. We find large contributions for parton s&energies near threshold and well above threshold. The implications for the production of top and bottom quarks at collider energies are discussed.
GENITOURINARY RHABDOMYOSARCOMA: Treatment Options

Dramatic improvements have occurred in the treatment and prognosis of the child with rhabdomyosarcoma over the past 2 decades. Increased understanding of tumor behavior has improved survival and focused attention on important quality of life issues. Future therapeutic advances will depend largely on an improved molecular understanding of altered cell behavior and the continued efforts of multi-institutional studies.
Exploring the Dimensions of Emotional Labor

This study empirically identifies the dimensions and initiates the development of a measure of emotional labor. Phase 1 of this project generated items for an exploratory questionnaire to which a broad sample of service workers responded (N = 358). Analysis revealed two dimensions of emotional labor: emotive effort, a construct never before identified in the emotional labor literature; and emo­tive dissonance, an acknowledged dimension that is further validated by this study. Several viable antecedent constructs of emo­tional labor also were identified and incorporated into an emerging model of emotional labor. In Phase 2, revised scales were administered to a second sample of service workers ( N = 427) for reliability and validity purposes. Structural equation modeling also was used to establish relationships among emotional labor's dimensions and various antecedent variables, facilitating development of a model of emotional labor.
Brain blood flow SPECT in temporary balloon occlusion of carotid and intracerebral arteries

It is important to determine preoperatively which patients can tolerate permanent occlusion of a cervical internal carotid or cerebral artery when such a procedure may be necessary to treat cerebrovascular or neoplastic lesions. Here we report our experience in combining temporary intra-arterial balloon occlusion with concomitant cerebral blood flow imaging in preoperative evaluation of such patients. Forty-two patients with a variety of cerebrovascular and neoplastic lesions underwent trial balloon occlusion of an internal carotid or intracerebral artery. Eight patients developed both neurologic symptoms as well as brain perfusion defects during trial occlusion. Nine others developed only perfusion defects. The remainder were asymptomatic and had negative scans. Brain blood flow imaging during intra-arterial balloon occlusion identified 17 patients potentially at risk for developing postsurgical ischemic deficits. Treatment alternatives to acute arterial sacrifice were developed for these patients.
Enhanced critical temperature in a dual-layered molecular superconductor.

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has shown that the high-critical-temperature (Tc) phase of the filamentary molecular superconductor (BEDT-TTF)2Ag(CF3)4(1,1,2-trichloroethane) [BEDT-TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] contains layers of BEDT-TTF radical cations with alternating κ- and α′-type packing motifs. This molecule-based superconductor with dual BEDT-TTF packing motifs has a Tc five times higher than that of its polymorph that contains only κ-type packing.
Cold Tolerance Identification of Indica Hybrid Rice Combinations in Bijie Prefecture of Guizhou Province

The cold tolerance of 69 indica hybrid rice combinations were researched in Guizhou regional test in 2010 to fully study their cold tolerance property and ecological suitability.The results show that under the special ecological climate conditions of Bijie,the number of rice combinations with strong,stronger,moderate and weak cold tolerance is 10,11,10,13 and 25,respectively.
Detecting the presence and cause of pulmonary edema.

PreviewPrompt recognition of pulmonary edema is important to avoid life-threatening complications. Chest radiography and other tests are key to establishing the diagnosis and distinguishing between the two types of pulmonary edema—cardiogenic and noncardiogenic. Dr Colice discusses the mechanisms that lead to pulmonary edema, the various diagnostic methods, prognosis, and management.
Abstract P5-10-01: Patient advocates as partners in breast cancer research at Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center

The integration of patient advocate input into biomedical research grant proposals is a relatively new phenomenon and represents a paradigm shift for basic, translational and clinical researchers seeking funding for their proposed studies. In 2011, the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC) at Georgetown University (GU) established the Georgetown Breast Cancer Advocates (GBCA) to facilitate collaboration between researchers and advocates. The mission of GBCA is to ensure research is patient-centered, innovative, evidence-based, and accessible. Working with researchers and clinicians at GU-LCCC early in proposal development, the members of the GBCA evaluate the feasibility of research, emphasizing the need for bench-to-bedside studies, the importance of quality of life, health care disparities and a reduction in breast cancer mortality. This integrated and early approach has resulted in GU-LCCC researchers being awarded a PCORI Grant, a DOD Idea Expansion Award, and a prestigious NIH U01 award. The GBCA consists of survivors and community stakeholders from diverse ethnic, racial, and age groups. It ranges from women at high risk for breast cancer to both short- and long-term survivors of various sub-types of breast cancer and those with recurrent disease. Several advocates were trained by the National Breast Cancer Coalition9s scientific education program, Project LEAD, and others participate in the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Advocates in Science Program. Members have served as consumer reviewers for the DOD9s Breast Cancer Research Program at both the peer review and programmatic review levels, and as patient representatives on American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) clinical practice guideline panels. GU-LCCC researchers and oncologists serve as advisors for the group. This poster describes the evolution and work of the GBCA and how the group has influenced breast cancer research at GU-LCCC. GBCA works with researchers in the pre-award phase, providing input to investigators regarding methodologies to increase participant recruitment, retention, and adherence to research protocols. The advocates also provide input on study designs and patient education strategies. Through their contributions, the advocates have become an integral and respected part of the breast cancer research community at GU-LCCC. Citation Format: Brundage S, Charles Chisholm D, Holloway JN, Lucas W, Salamone J, Winarsky S, London M, Greenwood N, Stahl S, Carbine N, Goyes R, Price E, Ernst E, Leventhal K-G, Isaacs C, Clarke R, Shajahan-Haq AN. Patient advocates as partners in breast cancer research at Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-10-01.
Ocular Flutter in the Serotonin Syndrome

A 46-year-old woman was brought to the ED because of agitation. On arrival, she had a fever, tachycardia, and ocular flutter, as well as rigidity in the legs and myoclonus in the arms. Videos are available at NEJM.org.
L'art et le temps de la chasse dans la section française de l' "Internationale Jagdausstellung" (Berlin, 1937) / The art and the time of the hunt in the French section of the “Internationale Jagdausstellung” (Berlin, 1937)

Cet article se concentre sur la section francaise de l’ “Internationale Jagdausstellung” de Berlin (1937), une grandiloquente exposition consacree a la chasse qui fut convoquee par Hermann Goring et sanctionnee par le programme nazi d’expositions temporaires. Concue pour retablir l’autorite historique de la France sur les arts decoratifs et la venerie, une technique de chasse a courre traditionnelle, l’enclave francaise avait pour particularite de presenter ses trophees et artefacts cynegetiques au milieu de pieces de mobilier, de peintures et de tapisseries datant des XVIIe, XVIIIe et XIXe siecles. Si l’un des objectifs avoues du comite francais etait de promouvoir le tourisme de chasse dans ses colonies, il chercha egalement en Allemagne a restaurer ce qui etait percu comme une grandeur nationale en decadence. En examinant l’accrochage de l’“Internationale Jagdausstellung” ainsi que les ecrits de Guillaume Janneau, le commissaire des oeuvres d’art francaises, nous analysons comment la museographie de la section francaise creait le recit d’une modernite culturelle nationaliste ancree dans une vision reactionnaire du XVIIIe siecle, imagine et mis en scene comme l’âge d’or de la purete nationale. This article attends to the French section of the 1937 “Internationale Jagdausstellung”, a grandiloquent hunting fair convened by Hermann Goring and sanctioned by the Nazi program of temporary exhibitions. Designed to affi rm France’s historical authority on decorative arts and venery, an old-fashioned form of hunting with dogs, the French enclave had the distinct feature of showing its trophies and artifacts alongside seventeenth- through nineteenth-century paintings, furniture, and tapestries. While one of the declared objectives of the French committee was to promote colonial hunting tourism, it also found in Germany the means to restore what it believed to be France’s declining national grandeur. By looking at the display of the French section and the writings of its curator of artworks, Guillaume Janneau, this article examines how its museography created a narrative about a nationalist cultural modernity rooted in a reactionary vision of the eighteenth century, imagined and staged as the golden age of national purity.
How to See Black Space in Total Whiteness: taisha paggett's underwaters (we is ready, we is ready) and the 2014 Whitney Biennial

underwaters (we is ready, we is ready), taisha paggett’s durational 2014 Whitney Biennial performance, was largely overlooked amidst the controversy over the lack of representation of Black female artists in the show. paggett’s process and performative installation challenge institutional forms of knowledge that shape the viewing of Black performance within the white cube. Her project makes space and place (both imaginative and material) for Black(female)ness in the art world.
Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups

BackgroundMajor depression is associated with significant disability, morbidity, and mortality. The current study estimated trends in the prevalence of major depression in the US population from 2005 to 2015 overall and by demographic subgroups.MethodsData were drawn from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual cross-sectional study of US persons ages 12 and over (total analytic sample N = 607 520). Past-year depression prevalence was examined annually among respondents from 2005 to 2015. Time trends in depression prevalence stratified by survey year were tested using logistic regression. Data were re-analyzed stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and education.ResultsDepression prevalence increased significantly in the USA from 2005 to 2015, before and after controlling for demographics. Increases in depression were significant for the youngest and oldest age groups, men, and women, Non-Hispanic White persons, the lowest income group, and the highest education and income groups. A significant year × demographic interaction was found for age. The rate of increase in depression was significantly more rapid among youth relative to all older age groups.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression increased significantly in the USA from 2005 to 2015. The rate of increase in depression among youth was significantly more rapid relative to older groups. Further research into understanding the macro level, micro level, and individual factors that are contributing to the increase in depression, including factors specific to demographic subgroups, would help to direct public health prevention and intervention efforts.
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Cranial Neuropathy

Abstract Evaluation of cranial neuropathy can be complex given the different pathway of each cranial nerve as well as the associated anatomic landmarks. Radiological evaluation requires imaging of the entire course of the nerve from its nucleus to the end organ. MRI is the modality of choice with CT playing a complementary role, particularly in the evaluation of the bone anatomy. Since neoplastic and inflammatory lesions are prevalent on the differential diagnosis, contrast enhanced studies are preferred when possible. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidencebased guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
Influencing the future of rural-focused pharmacy education: Identifying factors pertinent to pharmacy practice in rural health environments.

Abstract Introduction To identify themes regarding the skills used on a regular basis by pharmacists practicing in rural areas. Methods A cross-sectional qualitative survey was administered to pharmacists working in a non-clinical capacity in rural community and hospital practice. Pharmacists were identified in conjunction with departments of experiential education, boards of pharmacy, and other rural health experts. Contacts were interviewed using a semi-structured approach with thematic saturation determining the number of interviews. Themes were identified by reviewing interview notes and transcripts for repeated phrases, concepts, and ideas then compared with the literature. Results Fifteen pharmacists practicing in rural areas were interviewed. Themes related to practice environment, patient population, skills used by rural pharmacists, preparation of students, and continuing education needs were identified. Many of the identified themes are corroborated by published literature. One pharmacy-specific theme not corroborated was “pharmacy specialization is not helpful”. Discussion and conclusions The results of this study coupled with data from rural medical education may be useful for educators developing rural-focused coursework via reverse design.
Single Question Is Useful for Identifying Acute Mountain Sickness in Travelers at High Altitude.

Three different diagnostic scoring tools have similar accuracy for identifying adults at risk of AMS. One tool, the clinical functional score, is the simplest to use and consists of asking a single question.
Medical ethics and performance-enhancing drugs.

A physician's role in controlling the abuse of performance-enhancing drugs includes educating patients about the harms associated with these drugs and encouraging them to adopt safe and appropriate training programs. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
The Disordered Insulator: Electron Glasses and Crystals

The behavior of electrons in a random potential has been a particularly rich problem for both theorists and experimentalists, as attested to by this collection of articles. In three-dimensional disordered systems there is the extra twist of a possible metal-insulator transition, going back to the classic papers by Mott1 and by Anderson2, which emphasize, respectively, the role of electron correlation and disorder in the phenomenon of electron localization. Most recent work3 has concentrated on the unusual properties of the disordered metal and the approach to the metal-insulator transition critical point from above. In fact, the nature of the disordered insulator near the critical point not only provides an equally good test of theories of the transition, but it is a fascinating entity unto itself. Under the proper circumstances, barely localized electrons can form glasses or even crystals, depending upon the relative importance of the disorder and the interactions. In this paper, I will briefly review results on the approach to the metal-insulator critical point from below, and summarize recent experiments on the electron glass in Si :P and the electron crystal in Hg1-xCdxTe.
The Production of Foreign Proteins from Genetically Modified Plant Cells

While traditionally used to produce natural products, plant suspension cultures can also be utilized for the production of foreign proteins. Production of these high-value products in plant cells is an economically viable alternative to other systems, particularly in cases where the protein must be biologically active. There are several advantages to using plant cells for the large-scale production of secreted proteins. Plant cell media are composed of simple sugars and salts and are therefore less expensive and complex than mammalian media. Consequently, purification of secreted protein is simpler and more economical. Additionally, plant cell derived proteins are likely to be safer than those derived from other systems, since plant cell pathogens are not harmful to humans. In this chapter, we will review foreign protein production from plant cells. To begin, we will discuss the behavior of plant cell cultures, products produced by plant cells, protein secretion and its relationship to purification, and the performance of plant cells as compared to whole plants and other alternative hosts. After a brief discussion of gene transfer techniques, we will present strategies to overcome the limitations of protein production, including protein stabilization, novel production schemes, modeling, and scale-up considerations. To conclude, we will discuss implications for future development of this technology.
Risk of Stroke After Colorectal Surgery for Cancerous Versus Benign Conditions.

Abstract Background Cancer treatment, specifically surgical intervention, as a possible stroke trigger is understudied. Methods Using the Nationwide Readmissions Database and validated diagnosis and procedure codes, we identified adults with index admissions for colorectal surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma (Group A) and compared them to admissions for colorectal surgery for benign conditions (Group B) and hepatobiliary or pancreatic surgery for benign conditions (Group C). Within the colorectal cancer cohort, we further identified patients who underwent open versus laparoscopic surgery. The primary outcome was readmission for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke up to 1 year. Cumulative risk of ischemic stroke was calculated using risk survival statistics, and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using adjusted Cox regression. Results Patients in Group A had higher 3-month readmission rates for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes than those in Groups B and C. Higher risk of ischemic stroke (HR 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.79) in Group A compared to Group B was eliminated following adjustments for illness severity and vascular risk factors. Comparing types of colorectal surgical intervention for cancer, there was significantly greater risk of ischemic stroke with open versus laparoscopic surgery, despite adjusting for vascular risk factors (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.15-2.52). Conclusions We found elevated risk of ischemic stroke up to 1 year following open surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma compared to laparoscopic. More research is necessary to clarify the underlying surgery-related mechanisms that contribute to elevated risk.
Framing the Industry: Front-Page Coverage of Intercollegiate Athletics in Five Major Newspapers

This study examined the prevalence, content, and tone of front page intercollegiate athletic coverage within daily sampling of five major newspapers during the 2011 calendar year through a theoretical lens of framing as a theory of media effects. Analysis reveals broad media presentation of an industry characterized by lavish spending and widespread corruption in football and men's basketball with roughly 98% of the college sport-coverage word count devoted to men's sport with 73.7% covering football and 23.8% covering men's basketball with dominant emergent themes including financial exorbitance, scandal, athlete compensation, conference realignment, conflict between athletics & the academy, athlete entitlement, athlete discipline problems, coach power, and hyper-competitiveness.
Variations of the lung microbiome and immune response in mechanically ventilated surgical patients

Mechanically ventilated surgical patients have a variety of bacterial flora that are often undetectable by traditional culture methods. The source of infection in many of these patients remains unclear. To address this clinical problem, the microbiome profile and host inflammatory response in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the surgical intensive care unit were examined relative to clinical pathology diagnoses. The hypothesis was tested that clinical diagnosis of respiratory tract flora were similar to culture positive lavage samples in both microbiome and inflammatory profile. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected in the surgical intensive care unit as standard of care for intubated individuals with a clinical pulmonary infection score of >6 or who were expected to be intubated for >48 hours. Cytokine analysis was conducted with the Bioplex Pro Human Th17 cytokine panel. The microbiome of the samples was sequenced for the 16S rRNA region using the Ion Torrent. Microbiome diversity analysis showed the culture-positive samples had the lowest levels of diversity and culture negative with the highest based upon the Shannon-Wiener index (culture positive: 0.77 ± 0.36, respiratory tract flora: 2.06 ± 0.73, culture negative: 3.97 ± 0.65). Culture-negative samples were not dominated by a single bacterial genera. Lavages classified as respiratory tract flora were more similar to the culture-positive in the microbiome profile. A comparison of cytokine expression between groups showed increased levels of cytokines (IFN-g, IL-17F, IL-1B, IL-31, TNF-a) in culture-positive and respiratory tract flora groups. Culture-positive samples exhibited a more robust immune response and reduced diversity of bacterial genera. Lower cytokine levels in culture-negative samples, despite a greater number of bacterial species, suggest a resident nonpathogenic bacterial community may be indicative of a normal pulmonary environment. Respiratory tract flora samples were most similar to the culture-positive samples and may warrant classification as culture-positive when considering clinical treatment.
Investigating the Impact of Conflicting Roles of Work and School on Service Providers: An Abstract

Job stress, lower job satisfaction, and role stress (role conflict and role ambiguity) result in deviant behaviors which could be directed toward the organization, colleagues, or customers (Darrat et al. 2010). Various forms of inter-role conflict have been found to significantly affect job outcomes. Conflict resulting from family and work roles has been studied extensively in the literature. Grounded in role theory and conservation of resources theory, this study investigates work-school conflict (WSC) and school-work conflict (SWC) and their effects on restaurant service providers.
A framework for firm-level critical material supply management and mitigation

Abstract Organizations of all sizes are vulnerable to critical material supply disruptions. Although there is a significant body of literature that examines how large entities such as nations and governments can assess and mitigate criticality, there is very little work that addresses firm-level criticality in a way that is actionable for businesses. This work uses literature review and case study analysis to understand the impact of critical material supply risk at the firm level, and to determine salient internal indicators. A total of 42 criticality studies were reviewed and the findings were used to develop a matrix to assess and monitor criticality risk using internal firm-specific data. The matrix incorporates three categories of risk including product concept viability, production, and profitability. It also contains four key business functions including finance, procurement, marketing, and production. These aspects were chosen because they are relevant to all businesses that produce and sell manufactured goods, and because they represent dynamics that are within the control of an individual firm. Unlike the global and national level indicators emphasized in most current research, the indicators proposed in this research are derived from data that firms can compile with reasonable ease. Finally, this work considers the role of the organization in criticality risk assessment and mitigation through an examination of the data needed to complete the aforementioned matrix and the likely sources of that information. The findings of this analysis elucidate the gap between internal and external and micro- and macro- criticality assessment, as well as provide a framework for firm-level criticality mitigation.
Investigating the Construct of Topical Knowledge in Second Language Assessment: A Scenario-Based Assessment Approach

To effectively achieve communicative goals, second language (L2) learners need not only the necessary L2 knowledge, skills, and abilities, but also the relevant topical knowledge. However, in L2 as...
Analysis of Impact Stresses in Composite Plates

In this paper an analytical study is presented of the two-dimensional response of an elastic laminated composite plate to an impact load applied to its surface. The surface load is arbitrarily distributed along the extentof the plate surface and varies sharply in time to model the impact loading. Each layer of the laminated plate is of arbitrary (constant) thickness with specified density and orthotropic material properties, with the material axes coincident with the plate axes. The physical behavior of the plate is exactly represented along the extent of plate in the form of a Fourier series, and its behavior in the thickness direction is modeled by a sufficiently large number of generalized coordinates to capture quantitatively the propagation and dispersion of stress waves due to the surface impact, with emphasis directed to calculating stresses on laminate interfaces. This method of analysis results in a sequence of algebraic eigenvalue problems, the solutions of which are used to decouple the equations of motion into a large number of simple differential equations in time. This procedure is quite straightforward and computationally effective and may be used to study the impact problem for an arbitrarily laminated plate. An isotropic plate with a specified surface impact loading is presented to indicate both the accuracy of the results obtained and the time domain for which they are valid. A two-layer boron-epoxy plate is examined in detail to indicate the quantity and quality of information which may be generated by this method for composite material structures in impact environments. The results for this problem also reveal potentially harmful effects which develop during impact. Sufficient information is presented to permit an experimental verification of the results obtained, for regions of time where the magnitudes of the impact stresses are most critical to material integrity.