cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronicle of a summer and the editing of cinema‐verite

Jean Rouch and Edgar Morin's Chronicle of a Summer is held up as an innovative, seminal “work in the formation of cinema‐verite, and has a central position in the development of documentary and ethnographic filmmaking. Although much has been written about fthis film, little attention has been paid to the film's construction. This paper examines ‘elements of the editing structure of Chronicle of a Summer both to consider how this “work was shaped given the constraints of its production and intended reception and to ¦ analyze a relatively neglected aspect of documentary film practice.
Magnons and their interactions with phonons and photons

A review is given of the theory of spin waves and of the principal physical effects associated with spin waves. It is shown that the boundary condition mx = 0 at the surface permits the excitation of spin waves by a uniform r-f field. (auth)
Unaccusativity as lexical argument reduction: Evidence from aphasia

Abstract Theoretical approaches to unaccusativity have placed an emphasis on their derivation from underlyingly transitive predicates, which is assumed to involve argument reduction, possibly triggered by pre-syntactic affixation of some abstract morpheme. This paper presents some data from an aphasic subject who demonstrates a robust effect of grammatical class; he is unable to read any function words, and makes characteristic ‘within-category’ substitution errors. These errors extend to the class of unaccusative verbs, and this leads to a consideration of the potentially functional nature of the morphological trigger for unaccusativity. Existing accounts of unaccusative deficits in aphasia, and of the likely morphosyntactic representation of unaccusative verbs are discussed. The aphasic deficit, as we understand it, seems to provide evidence in support of the functional determination of unaccusativity.
Physical activity mediates the relationship between perceived crime safety and obesity.

Objective The current cross-sectional study tests whether low perceived crime safety is associated with body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk and whether less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) accounts for part of this relationship.
Clinical profiles of plain versus sustained-release niacin (Niaspan) and the physiologic rationale for nighttime dosing.

Abstract Niacin is the oldest and most versatile agent in use for the treatment of dyslipidemia. It has beneficial effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; the apolipoproteins B and A-I constituting these fractions; triglyceride; and lipoprotein(a). Together, these benefits lead to a diminished incidence of coronary artery disease among niacin users. The chief constraints against niacin use have been flushing, gastrointestinal discomfort, and metabolic effects including hepatotoxicity. Time-release niacin has been developed in part to limit flushing, and now a nighttime formulation (Niaspan) has been developed that assists in containing this untoward effect. In a pivotal metabolic study, bedtime administration of 1.5 g time-release niacin was shown to have the same beneficial effects as 1.5 g plain niacin in 3 divided doses and to be well tolerated. Previous studies suggest that bedtime niacin administration diminishes lipolysis and release of free fatty acids to the liver; this, in turn, leads to an abolition of the usual diurnal increase in plasma triglyceride, which may result in diminished formation and secretion of triglyceride in the very-low-density lipoprotein fraction.
Measurement of larval activity in the Drosophila activity monitor.

Drosophila larvae are used in many behavioral studies, yet a simple device for measuring basic parameters of larval activity has not been available. This protocol repurposes an instrument often used to measure adult activity, the TriKinetics Drosophila activity monitor (MB5 Multi-Beam Activity Monitor) to study larval activity. The instrument can monitor the movements of animals in 16 individual 8 cm glass assay tubes, using 17 infrared detection beams per tube. Logging software automatically saves data to a computer, recording parameters such as number of moves, times sensors were triggered, and animals’ positions within the tubes. The data can then be analyzed to represent overall locomotion and/or position preference as well as other measurements. All data are easily accessible and compatible with basic graphing and data manipulation software. This protocol will discuss how to use the apparatus, how to operate the software and how to run a larval activity assay from start to finish.
Nursing Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

The field of neonatal care has evolved into a specialty brimming with technological advances, accompanied by expanded nursing roles and responsibilities. In light of this, the impact that thermoregulation, noise pollution, and disruptive care planning can have upon the progress of a sick newborn is discussed. Suggestions are made for evaluation of problem areas and for redirection of patient care plans to include attention to these vital aspects.
The ultrasensitive silver "protein" stain also detects nanograms of nucleic acids.

Abstract The ultrasensitive silver staining procedure developed for proteins also stains nanogram quantities of RNA and DNA in polyacrylamide gels. A gradient polyacrylamide gel system is described which separates proteins from 10 4 to 10 6 M r , RNA from 5S to 23S and DNA from 0.4 to 21 Kb. The sensitivity of nucleic acid silver staining in this gel system considerably exceeds that of commonly used DNA and RNA dye-binding stains.
Mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in a European starling.

Bilateral conjunctivitis and episcleritis were identified in an adult European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). A novel mycoplasma species, Mycoplasma sturni, was isolated in pure culture from the conjunctiva of both eyes. The clinical presentation was similar to that of conjunctivitis in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum. However, the histologic lesions were distinct, by the presence of ulceration and epithelial hyperplasia and lacking a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Mycoplasma sturni ferments glucose, does not hemadsorb or hemagglutinate chicken erythrocytes, and grows rapidly at 37 C in comparison to other Mycoplasma spp. The role of M. sturni in conjunctivitis in other passerine species is presently unknown.
Phospholipase A2 activity towards phosphatidylcholine in mixed micelles: Surface dilution kinetics and the effect of thermotropic phase transitions☆

Phospholipase A2 will act on dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine as substrate when the phospholipid is part of a mixed micelle with Triton X-100 at a molar ratio of Triton to phospholipid of 2:1 or greater. Kinetic studies at high molar ratios of Triton X-100 to phospholipid are reported and show that the binding of phospholipase A2 to substrate depends on the total concentration of Triton X-100 and phospholipid, but that the rate of enzymatic catalysis decreases proportionally to the Triton X-100 concentration. These results are interpreted in terms of a model involving surface dilution kinetics. The relationship of this model to that of competitive inhibition is discussed. In addition, the activity of phospholipase A2 towards dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine at different temperatures is reported, and the results show a direct effect of the thermotropic phase transition of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine on enzymatic activity.
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal neoplasia is easily learned, efficacious, and safe

Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) without submucosal injection is a novel endoscopic procedure. It is not known if UEMR can be easily taught and learned, and the efficacy and safety of UEMR has not been demonstrated at multiple medical centers. Our aims were to demonstrate that (1) UEMR is a technique that can be easily learned by an endoscopist trained in traditional EMR, (2) endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) may not be required before UEMR, and (3) UEMR is an efficacious and safe method for resection of large or flat neoplastic colorectal lesions. An experienced interventional endoscopist began performing UEMR after observing UEMR procedures. Colorectal UEMR was performed using a pediatric colonoscope with a cap, a waterjet, and a ‘duck-bill’ snare using blended current. Submucosal injection was not used. Patient data were collected prospectively. A total of 21 patients (17 men, mean age 64.9 years, range 51–83) referred for polypectomy of large colorectal lesions underwent UEMR. A total of 43 colorectal lesions with a mean size of 20 mm (range 8–50) were resected by UEMR. Lesions were found in the right colon (N = 16), transverse colon (N = 5), left colon (N = 19), and rectum (N = 3). Pathology demonstrated tubular adenoma (N = 29), tubulovillous adenoma (N = 5), high-grade dysplasia (N = 3), serrated sessile adenoma without dysplasia (N = 3), and non-neoplastic tissue (N = 3). EUS was used in only two cases of rectal neoplasia (4.7 %). Of the UEMRs, 97.7 % were successful with complete resection of colorectal polyps. The only adverse event was one case (2.3 %) of delayed post-UEMR bleeding. UEMR was easily learned by an endoscopist already skilled in conventional EMR. EUS may not be required prior to most UEMR procedures. UEMR appears to be an efficacious and safe alternative to traditional EMR or ESD for large or flat colorectal neoplasms.
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Children with Autism: Interview Development and Rates of Disorders

The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia was modified for use in children and adolescents with autism by developing additional screening questions and coding options that reflect the presentation of psychiatric disorders in autism spectrum disorders. The modified instrument, the Autism Comorbidity Interview-Present and Lifetime Version (ACI-PL), was piloted and frequently diagnosed disorders, depression, ADHD, and OCD, were tested for reliability and validity. The ACI-PL provides reliable DSM diagnoses that are valid based on clinical psychiatric diagnosis and treatment history. The sample demonstrated a high prevalence of specific phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, and ADHD. The rates of psychiatric disorder in autism are high and are associated with functional impairment.
Successful increase in uterine volume and subsequent pregnancy in a patient with a history of radiation and chemotherapy

A 26-year-old woman with a history of cranial radiation and chemotherapy desired pregnancy. Pelvic ultrasound scanning demonstrated a small uterine volume of 7 mL. After 25 weeks of estrogen therapy, her uterine volume increased to 37 mL. The patient had an uncomplicated pregnancy with the use of donor oocytes and delivered a term healthy daughter.
Freeze dehydrated compressed sour cherries

Summary The stability of anthocyanin in freeze dehydrated compressed sour cherries during storage at 21 and 38°C were studied by extraction of pigments, thinlayer chromatography and spectrophotometry. Total anthocyanin contents of freeze-dried compressed sample decreased from 9.28 mg/100g to 5.04 and 1.10mg/100g, respectively, after six months at 21 and 38°C. Cyanidin-3-(2G-xylosylrutinoside) was the least stable pigment among the seven pigments identified.
Right to food, right to the city: Household urban agriculture, and socionatural metabolism in Managua, Nicaragua

The ‘right to the city’ has been understood as the right of urban inhabitants to produce urban spaces, and has generally drawn on Henri Lefevbre’s work on the social production of urban space. This paper examines the socioenvironmental aspects of the right to produce urban space. The aim of the paper is to draw on and contribute to the literatures on urban political ecology and the right to the city by exploring the concept of the right to urban metabolism through an analysis of everyday food production and consumption in homes in an informal settlement in Managua. The article argues that the ecologies of informal household urban agriculture (primarily the cultivation of fruit trees) are a key way that marginalised urban inhabitants in Managua appropriate and produce urban space, and consequently, demand their rights to urban metabolism. Through the production of home ecologies based on physiological necessities and cultural food practices, households simultaneously challenge their exclusion from urban spatial practices and address the increasing insecurity of access to food in Managua.
Chemotherapy for inoperable infantile fibrosarcoma.

IBROSARCOMA constitutes approximately 10% of soft F tissue sarcomas in children. The clinical behavior of fibrosarcoma occurring during the first 5 years of life (infantile or congenital type) differs from that observed in older children and adults. Local recurrence is a common problem in patients with infantile fibrosarcoma (17%43%), but the development of metastatic spread is rare (< 10%). Overall survival is greater than 90%.'-' These tumors are composed of immature spindle cells with a dense cellularity and a high mitotic index.' Infantile fibrosarcoma is commonly located in extremities and is usually amenable to total excision or amputation. We report two children with fibrosarcoma whose tumors were unresectable because of extensive retroperitoneal involvement. They represent the only two patients with infantile fibrosarcoma seen at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute or The Children's Hospital since 1973. Both infants were treated with doxorubicin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide and achieved a complete clinical response. These children remain disease-free for 2.5 and 4 years, respectively, after diagnosis.
DNA-catalyzed reactivity of a phosphoramidate functional group and formation of an unusual pyrophosphoramidate linkage

During in vitro selection for DNA-catalyzed lysine reactivity, we identified a deoxyribozyme that instead catalyzes nucleophilic attack of a phosphoramidate functional group at a 5′-triphosphate-RNA, forming an unusual pyrophosphoramidate (N–PV–O–PV) linkage. This finding highlights the relatively poor nucleophilicity of nitrogen using nucleic acid catalysts, indicating a major challenge for future experimental investigation.
The use of tapered self-expanding stents and embolic protection devices in the treatment of stenotic ectatic coronary arteries: a report of two cases.

Objective: The Usage of tapered self-expanding stents and embolic protection devices in the treatment of stenotic ectatic coronary arteries. Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an uncommon disease that is occasionally found during cardiac catheterization. A high incidence of artherosclerotic disease is associated with CAE. Currently, there is no evidence-based approach for the management of stenotic ectatic coronary arteries (SEC). Methods: Percutaneous intervention with carotid stenting system and embolic protection system to recanalize SEC. Results: We describe two patients who presented with acute coronary syndrome and were found to have CAE with significant stenosis. Both patients underwent percutaneous intervention with RX ACCULINK™ Carotid stenting system and ACCUNET™ embolic protection system (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL), successfully. This carotid stenting system is approved by FDA for stenting of extracranial carotid artery stenosis. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report illustrating the usage of these devices as an alternative for the treatment of SEC. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A theory of interstitial fluid motion and its implications for capillary exchange.

Abstract A nonlinear theory of interstitial fluid motion is presented in which the hydrodynamic conductivity and porosity of the tissue are regarded as arbitrary, but known, functions of interstitial fluid pressure. A previous study of capillary-tissue fluid exchange is extended using the more general theory for fluid flow in the surrounding tissue. Simplifications in the mathematical problem are made on the basis of results obtained in the earlier study, and perturbation techniques are used to obtain an asymptotic solution which is valid for most conditions of normal and pathological interest.
An acetylcholine receptor lacking both γ and ε subunits mediates transmission in zebrafish slow muscle synapses

Fast and slow skeletal muscle types in larval zebrafish can be distinguished by a fivefold difference in the time course of their synaptic decay. Single-channel recordings indicate that this difference is conferred through kinetically distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) isoforms. The underlying basis for this distinction was explored by cloning zebrafish muscle AChR subunit cDNAs and expressing them in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Measurements of single-channel conductance and mean open burst duration assigned α2βδe to fast muscle synaptic current. Contrary to expectations, receptors composed of only αβδ subunits (presumed to be α2βδ2 receptors) recapitulated the kinetics and conductance of slow muscle single-channel currents. Additional evidence in support of γ/e-less receptors as mediators of slow muscle synapses was reflected in the inward current rectification of heterologously expressed α2βδ2 receptors, a property normally associated with neuronal-type nicotinic receptors. Similar rectification was reflected in both single-channel and synaptic currents in slow muscle, distinguishing them from fast muscle. The final evidence for α2βδ2 receptors in slow muscle was provided by our ability to convert fast muscle synaptic currents to those of slow muscle by knocking down e subunit expression in vivo. Thus, for the first time, muscle synaptic function can be ascribed to a receptor isoform that is composed of only three different subunits. The unique functional features offered by the α2βδ2 receptor likely play a central role in mediating the persistent contractions characteristic to this muscle type.
Metastatic islet cell carcinoma to the umbilicus: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration.

Internal malignancies rarely metastasize to the umbilical region. The gastrointestinal tract and female genital tract are the most common primary sites. Although the pancreas is frequently involved, the majority of these metastases are adenocarcinoma. Here, we present a case of umbilical metastasis from an islet cell carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration in a young woman 2 yr after distal pancreatectomy. This finding led to further radiological studies and surgical intervention, which revealed intraabdominal tumor spread. Neuroendocrine tumors represent a rare tumor type that can give rise to umbilical metastases. Only two cases of carcinoid tumor metastasizing to the umbilicus have been reported.
Stopping power and effective charge of heavy ions in solids

We have measured the energy loss of several heavy ions (C, Si, Cl, Ti, Fe, Ni, Ge, Br, Nb, and I) in elemental targets (C, Al, Cu, Ag, and Au) at energies near the maximum in the stopping power versus energy curve. These measurements have been used to examine the charge dependence of heavy-ion stopping powers, as well as the magnitude of the ion's effective charge inside the target material. Inclusion of the Lindhard Z/sup 3//sub 1/, Z/sup 4//sub 1/ corrections provides the best fit to the data, and the use of these corrections results in a simple expression for the effective charge which is valid for all our measured projectile-target combinations (Z/sub 1/ = 6--53 and Z/sub 2/ = 6--79). Both the magnitude and the target dependence of this effective-charge expression are consistent with the average equilibrium charge-state measurements made in gases. This suggests that the high charge states observed for ions leaving solid materials are due mainly to charge-changing effects (such as Auger deexcitation) at the exit surface.
Weibull statistical fracture theory for the fracture of ceramics

The Weibull statistical fracture theory is widely applied to the fracture of ceramic materials. The foundations of the Weibull theory for brittle fracture are reviewed. This theory predicts that brittle fracture strength is a function of size, stress distribution, and stress state. Experimental multiaxial loading results for A12O3 tubes are compared to the stress state predictions of the Weibull theory. For the most part, the Weibull theory yields reasonable predictions, although there may be some difficulties in dealing with shear stress effects on fracture.
A reservoir-type controlled release device using aqueous-organic partitioning and a porous membrane

A reservoir-type controlled release device based on aqueous-organic partitioning is described. The reservoir is bounded by a microporous or porous membrane, either a hollow fiber or a flat film. The agent partitions between phases at the aqueous-organic interface of the reservoir and the pore mouth, and then diffuses through the membrane pore into a surrounding aqueous solution. The partition coefficient significantly influences the rate of release of the agent. The performance of the system is evaluated using model agents. Controlled release from a reservoir containing a pure organic liquid agent is demonstrated using toluene. Zero-order release is achieved for benzoic acid partitioning from an organic reservoir into water-filled pores, and for nicotine partitioning from an aqueous reservoir into organic-filled pores. Studies using benzoic acid demonstrate the effectiveness of a thin, nonporous coating on slowing the rate of release. A fast-dissolving suspension of benzoic acid in decanol extends the duration of zero-order release. Two agents, nicotine and caffeine, are released simultaneously and independently from a divided reservoir. A simplified mathematical model is presented, and experimental results compared well with those predicted by the model.
Evaluation of efficacy of Neoseiulus cucumeris for control of western flower thrips in spring bedding crops

Abstract Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is the principal insect pest of spring flower crops grown in the northeastern United States for use as bedding plants. Neoseiulus (= Amblyseius ) cucumeris (Oudemans) is a predacious mite reared commercially that is recommended for control of western flower thrips in various vegetable and flower crops at a rate of ca 53 mites/m 2 /week. Efficacy on spring flower crops, however, is not well demonstrated, reports being either from other crops or extension demonstration trials. In two trials (each replicated), we compared suppression of western flower thrips in spring bedding plants provided by (1) N. cucumeris at the recommended rate, (2) spinosad (at the labeled rate), the most widely used thrips-control pesticide, and (3) both combined. Trial No. 1 was run in mixed bedding plants in commercial greenhouses and Trial No. 2 in impatiens monocultures in University greenhouses. We found that in commercial greenhouses, variation in species composition of crops and movement of plants during crop production made it difficult to detect any significant effects. In an impatiens monoculture (Trial No. 2), we found better evidence of partial suppression of thrips larvae and adults by treatments. Spinosad alone provided the best control, with mites alone usually providing control intermediate to that of spinosad alone and the untreated control. Control from spinosad plus mites was not significantly different from that of spinosad alone (all treatments evaluated as counts of thrips per plant, in flowers). In another University-based trial (Trial No. 3), we compared the commercially recommended rate of N. cucumeris (53 mites/m 2 /week) to a 3- to 4-fold higher rate (190 mites/m 2 /week) in impatiens monocultures. This trial was replicated twice in the fall of 2004 and once in spring of 2005 in Amherst, Massachusetts. We found that the higher release rate, while not resulting in statistically significantly more mites per plant (in flowers) than the standard rate, did suppress thrips larvae per plant (in flowers) by 50–75%, a higher level than that achieved by the recommended standard rate. No reductions, however, were found in counts of adult thrips, either as numbers per plant (in flowers) or as numbers caught per yellow sticky card, except for one replication in which thrips counts were lowered compared to controls by mites (at both release rates). We conclude that N. cucumeris , especially at the higher rate, provides partial control of western flower thrips in impatiens bedding plants, but that control from spinosad is better. Biological control of western flower thrips with this predator is not a complete thrips IPM program, but may be used together with spinosad or other materials to prevent development of pesticide resistance. This approach is most likely to be of value in crops grown as continuous relay plantings or a series of different, but thrips-susceptible, crop species.
Synchronization of operations in a flexible manufacturing cell: The Petri net approach

Abstract In designing a shop floor controller for a flexible cell, interactions between the different real time, discrete event functions must be established and a computer structure capable of supporting these requirements must be identified. A distributed microprocessor-based architecture is described and a two-level machine tool synchronization structure is presented. The highest level performs the coordination of part flow between machine tools in the cell. The lowest level performs the coordination of a machine tool and a robot (for part, tool and gripper handling). The specification of the machine tool (and robot) functions working as a concurrent and cooperative system is given in terms of Petri nets: a graphical-mathematical technique suitable for representing process parallelism and asynchronism for flexible control of machine tools in a job shop environment.
Three-dimensional stress analysis of two-ply cord-rubber composite laminates

Abstract A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to predict the structural response of two-ply cord-rubber composite laminates. The present model treats a two-ply composite as an equivalent six-ply system with rubber and cord-rubber elements using 20-node isoparametric finite elements. The accuracy of the present model is demonstrated by comparing the results to the existing alternative solutions for linear analysis. The effects of different analyses, cord orientations, rubber material models and interply rubber thickness on interply stresses are presented for ± α steel cord-rubber composite laminates. The presented results of interface and interply stresses, and interply strains across the width as well as through the thickness illustrate behavior of two-ply cord-rubber composites.
The Pit-1β Domain Dictates Active Repression and Alteration of Histone Acetylation of the Proximal Prolactin Promoter

Abstract A critical problem in current molecular biology is to gain a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which related transcription factor isoforms with identical DNA sequence specificity mediate distinct transcription responses. Pit-1 and Pit-1β constitute such a pair of transcription factor isoforms. Pit-1 enhances the Ras signaling pathway to the prolactin promoter, and Pit-1β represses basal prolactin promoter activity as well as Ras signaling to the prolactin promoter in pituitary cells. We have previously demonstrated that the β-domain amino acid sequence dictates the transcriptional properties of Pit-1β. Here, we show that five hydrophobic β-domain residues are required for Pit-1 isoform-specific repression of Ras signaling, and we demonstrate that sodium butyrate and trichostatin A, pharmacological inhibitors of histone deacetylation, as well as viral Ski protein, a dominant-negative inhibitor of recruitment of N-CoR/mSin3 histone deacetylase complexes, specifically reverse β isoform-specific repression of Ras signaling. Moreover, we directly demonstrate, with a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, that the Pit-1β isoform alters the histone acetylation state of the proximal prolactin promoter. This differential analysis of Pit-1/Pit-1β isoform function provides significant insights into the structural determinants that govern how different transcription factors with identical DNA sequence specificity can display opposite effects on target gene activity.
Patterns and Predictors of Disclosure of Sexual Orientation to Healthcare Providers Among Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals

The present study sought to identify patterns and predictors of disclosure of sexual orientation to healthcare providers among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults. Respondents were 396 self-identified LGB individuals ages 18–59, recruited from diverse community venues in New York City, with equal numbers of men and women and Whites, Blacks, and Latinos. Respondents were interviewed at baseline and 1-year follow-up. We assessed the relationships among disclosure of sexual orientation, demographic characteristics, health, and minority stress. Rates of nondisclosure to healthcare providers were significantly higher among bisexual men (39.3 %) and bisexual women (32.6 %) compared with gay men (10 %) and lesbians (12.9 %). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models predicting disclosure of sexual orientation indicated that patient age, level of education, immigration status, medical history, level of internalized homophobia, and degree of connectedness to the LGBT community were significant factors, along with sexual identity. Nondisclosure of sexual orientation was related to poorer psychological well-being at 1 year follow-up. Our findings suggest that interventions targeting sexual minorities ought to carefully tailor messages to subpopulations. In particular, interventionists and clinicians ought to be mindful of differences between bisexually and gay/lesbian-identified individuals.
Prime III: an innovative electronic voting interface

Voting technology today has not addressed the issues that disabled voters are confronted with at the polls. Because approximately 17% of the voting population is disabled, their issues should be handled with a solution geared towards their needs. Disabled voters need to be able to cast their vote without the assistance of others. The Prime III multimodal voting system [2] addresses these issues. This demonstration will illustrate the use of the Prime III system, a virtual reality (VR) version (Prime V), and a similar version created using a voice user interface (VUI).
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND FREEDOM IN A WHITEHEADIAN PERSPECTIVE

. This paper attempts to demonstrate the critical significance of early advances in quantum physics for Alfred North Whiteheads development of the categories of his metaphysics and to illustrate the capacity of his system to serve as a bridge between the sciences and the humanities by relating specific Whiteheadian categories to concrete microphysical behavior with special reference to the notion of freedom.
First‐principles study of the pressure‐induced α → ω transition in titanium

The pressure-induced transition from the a to the ω-phase of Ti is studied with first-principles total-energy calculations by a procedure that finds the equilibrium structures of each phase directly as a function of pressure from minima of the Gibbs free energy. Good to excellent agreement with experiment is found for the lattice parameters of the two phases both at zero pressure and as functions of pressure up to 900 kbar. The Gibbs free energies of the two phases at zero temperature and without zero-point energy cross at about 500 kbar and then again at 700 kbar. Below 500 and above 700 kbar the α-phase has the lower free energy. Thus, unlike previous theoretical treatments, but in agreement with experiment, our procedure finds the α-phase more stable than the ω-phase below 500 kbar. The α → a transition pressure of 500 kbar is much higher than observed experimentally. Possible reasons for this discrepancy, as well as for the non-observance of the re-entrant α-phase above 700 kbar are presented. The importance of the zero-point energy in determining the ground-state phase and transition pressure is noted.
A new class of silicone resins for coatings

A new class of silicone has been developed for coatings or as coating additives. Cycloaliphatic silane monomers were prepared and reacted into more easily handled cyclic oligomers. These cyclic oligomers were ring-opened into siloxane polymers. The polymers were functionalized with a variety of groups, including: amino, glycidyl epoxide, cyclohexene epoxide, acrylic, and alkoxysilane. The cycloaliphatic silicones have been designed for a number of different curing conditions: (1) ambient temperature-cure (amino and glycidyl epoxide), (2) cationic ultraviolet (UV)-cure (cyclohexene epoxide), (3) radical UV-cure (acrylic), and (4) moisture-cure (alkoxysilane). The end usages thus far have been focused on silicone coatings; however, usage as coating additives will be a focus for future research. The cycloaliphatic silicone has been UV-cured with mixed sol–gel precursors for usage as aerospace coatings. The cycloaliphatic silicones have also been ambient temperature-cured for release coatings, and have application as anti-fouling coatings. The inherent low surface energy makes the cycloaliphatic silicones prime candidates for surface tension additives.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Spontaneous Loading into Exponentially Grown LBL Films

Exponentially growing layer-by-layer (e-LBL) assembled films attracts a lot of attention mostly due to multiple practical applications in biology and medicine. However, e-LBL was observed only for a very limited number of polymers. This fact inevitably limits the area of research and functionalities that one can obtain for them. Also, it is fundamentally important to gain better understanding of the effect and importance of molecular flexibility for e-LBL films. Here we report that dispersions of rod-like nanocolloids such as single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and nanowires (NWs) can spontaneously “bore into” and stay in the e-LBL matrix. Molecular rigidity and surface charge appear to be the key parameters determining the possibility of such a process and its extent. SWNT forms a thick 2−25 μm penetration layer, while insufficient flexibility leads to hedgehog structures in the case of CdTe and Te NWs. Electrical properties of the films obtained display fundamental differences with SWNT composites ma...
Community-based FOBT screening program results in identification of significant colonic lesions

Community-based FOBT screening program results in identification of significant colonic lesions
Diversity Training: Analysis of the Impact of Self-Efficacy

Although the importance of diversity in organizations is widely recognized, diversity training is under attack. Drawing from self-efficacy theory and research, we developed a questionnaire to measure one's efficacy of successfully coping with widely recognized diversity initiatives. Then we conducted a study examining the effect of self-efficacy-based diversity training on the level of participant's measured diversity self-efficacy (DSE) and the possible mediation of this DSE on intentions to pursue positive diversity-related initiatives. The field experimental design showed that training incorporating efficacy components significantly increased trainees' (N = 276) measured DSE. Diversity training was also shown to be positively related to the trainees' stated levels of difficulty and magnitude in coping with diversity initiatives. Finally, the DSE was found to mediate training and intentions. Importantly, one-year follow-up data supported the impact of the intentions. The practical implications of these findings for HRD in general and diversity training in particular conclude this article.
Simulation study of ultrasound-modulated optical tomography

Monte-Carlo modeling technique was used to simulate the ultrasound-modulated optical tomography. The difference between absorption and scattering objects was compared. Simulation result indicated that this technique is sensitive to object absorption property, while the scattering properties have less effect on the output AC/DC signal intensity. It was also demonstrated that inhomogeneity and the background optical properties of the scattering medium could change the AC/DC value. The signal-to-noise ratio problem in the experiment is carefully analyzed. The major noise source is the speckle noise caused by the small particle movement within the tissue sample. The decorrelation time of the speckle pattern was measured in the tissue sample. In order to reduce the speckle noise, the data acquisition time must be less than the speckle decorrelation time.
Perspectives in microclimate cooling involving protective clothing in hot environments

Abstract The effectiveness of microclimate cooling systems in alleviating the thermal burden imposed upon soldiers by the wearing of chemical protective clothing under varying environmental conditions has been examined in a series of studies conducted by the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine on the copper manikin, in the climatic chambers and in the field. Liquid-cooled undergarments (LCU) and air-cooled vests (ACV) were tested under environmental conditions from 29°C, 85% rh to 52°C, 25% rh. These parameters were chosen to simulate conditions which may be encountered in either armored vehicles, or in desert or tropic climates. We have reviewed seven studies using LCU (including two ice-cooled vests) and six studies using ACV. LCU tests investigated the effect on cooling when the proportion of total skin surface covered by the LCU was varied. ACV tests examined the effects on cooling during different combinations of air temperature, humidity and air flow rates. Additionally, these combinations were tested at low and moderate metabolic rates. The findings from these LCU and ACV studies demonstrate that (a) cooling can be increased with a greater body surface coverage by a LCU, and (b) evaporative cooling with an ACV is enhanced at low metabolic rates with optimal combinations of air flow rates and dry bulb/dew point temperatures, resulting in the extension of tolerance time. The application of these findings from military to industrial work situations is apparent.
Triangle-free Hamiltonian Kneser graphs

The Kneser graph K(n,k) has as vertices the k-subsets of {1, 2,...,n}. Two vertices are adjacent if the k-sets are disjoint. When n > 3k, the Kneser Graph K(n, k) has no triangle. In this paper, we prove that K(n,k) is Hamiltonian for n ≥ (3k + 1 + √5k2- 2k + 1)/2, and extend this to the bipartite Kneser graphs. Note that (3k + 1 + √5k2 - 2k + 1)/2 > 2.62k + 1.
INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHOMONOESTERASES IN RAT LIVER HOMOGENATE

Acid phosphatase or phosphomonoesterase II activity of rat and mouse liver homogenates, prepared in 0.25 M sucrose, was found mainly in the cytoplasmic granules. Since the small percentage of activity of the nuclear fraction activity could be explained by the presence of mitochondria (which were actually counted in this fraction) it is concluded that rat and mouse liver nuclei do not contain acid phosphatase activity.A rather broad range of acid phosphatase activity was observed in rat and mouse livers depending on the time elapsed between the preparation of homogenate and the activity determinations. However, a preincubation of the tissues or isolated fractions at 37° C. for 60 min. was sufficient to increase the activity to an optimal value, and thus eliminate variations due to the latency of this enzyme.Alkaline phosphatase or phosphomonoesterase I activity was also found to be latent in rat liver homogenates. The phenomenon was less apparent than for acid phosphatase and seemed to depend mostly on the...
Cosmic Microwave Background-normalized Predictions for Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect Fluctuations

We predict the level of small-scale anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) due to the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect for the ensemble of cosmological models that are consistent with current measurements of large-scale CMB anisotropy. We argue that the recently reported detections of the small-scale (arcminutes) CMB anisotropy are only marginally consistent with being due to the SZ effect when cosmological models are calibrated to the existing primary CMB data on large scales. The discrepancy is at more than 2-2.5 σ and is mainly due to a lower σ8 0.8 favored by the primary CMB and a higher σ8 1 favored by the SZ effect. A degeneracy between the optical depth to Thomson scattering and the CMB-derived value of σ8 suggests that the discrepancy would be reduced if the universe was reionized very early, at a redshift of ~25.
Variations in Near-Global Sea Level Pressure

Abstract Analysis of a near-global sea level pressure (SLP) data set for the period 1951-80 was carried out in terms of complex empirical orthogonal function A large-scale, propagating SLP signal was discovered that seems to include variability previously associated with the Southern Oscillation, monsoons and tropical midlatitude teleconnection patterns In this sense, the new feature offers an empirical framework for many of the well-known features of the global climate system. Extensive comparisons show the feature to be observable in the raw data field, and thus not a figment of the analysis technique. The large SLP signal may have its origins in a SLP/snow feedback loop that acts over the region from Siberia to India. It is suggested that the maintenance of the SLP signal involves SLP/precipation feedbacks and, more importantly, the excitation of a major natural mode of climate variation. The SLP signal is only excited at time scales larger than about 18 mouths, i.e., time scales characteristic of ocea...
Model dependence of Gen and the deuteron wave function

Abstract The threshold values of the neutron electric form factor have been previously found to depend on the nucleon-nucleon model used in extracting those values from the e-D scattering data. That model dependence is shown to be correlated with a range of deuteron quadrupole moment (QD) model values which is much larger than our present uncertainty in QD.
Building the Blue Economy: The Role of Marine Spatial Planning in Facilitating Offshore Renewable Energy Development

The oceans hold a stunning potential for meeting our ever-growing demand for energy in a sustainable manner by converting energy stored in the form of heat, waves, currents and tides. At present the offshore renewable energy industry remains in its infancy, but given the right conditions, it could grow into a significant contributor to the global energy mix. A number of inter-related barriers, such as resource and user conflicts, regulatory complexity, and a limited understanding of environmental impacts associated with offshore renewable energy technologies, as well as the general challenges surrounding ocean governance, hamper the development of the industry. Marine spatial planning is emerging around the world as a practical tool for promoting a more rational and wise use of the oceans. It could also play a significant role in promoting the speedy and environmentally sound deployment of offshore renewable energy by assisting in overcoming the various hurdles to the development of that sector of the blue economy.
Effects of using the quality matters (QM) programme as an intervention for online education

The study employed a mixed-method and used questionnaires and institutional documents to answer the research questions. Two comparison groups, QM recognised online courses and regular online courses, were examined in terms of students’ attrition rate and achievement score. The study also surveyed the experiences and perceptions of online students representing more than 14 subject areas from both regular and QM recognised online courses. While this study found no significant difference in attrition rates and attitude ratings between QM recognised courses and the control groups, students in QM recognised courses had a tendency to earn a slightly lower grade. Student-reported data indicated five elements (creating a clear course layout, modularising course content, integrating live interaction, connecting to real-world learning, and increasing teachers’ presence) that merit further consideration in order to help online learners develop more successful learning experiences and achieve better learning outcomes. Future research efforts should investigate the impact of course design and teacher presence in online education.
What's in a function ?

In this paper we argue that Revision Rules, introduced by Anil Gupta and Nuel Belnap as a tool for the analysis of the concept of truth, also provide a useful tool for defining computable functions. This also makes good on Gupta's and Belnap's claim that Revision Rules provide a general theory of definition, a claim for which they supply only the example of truth. In particular we show how Revision Rules arise naturally from relaxing and generalizing a classical construction due to Kleene, and indicate how they can be employed to reconstruct the class of the general recursive functions. We also point at how Revision Rules can be employed to access non-minimal fixed points of partially defined computing procedures.
Encounter modeling for sense and avoid development

Integrating unmanned aircraft into civil airspace requires the development and certification of systems for sensing and avoiding other aircraft. Because such systems are typically very complex and a high-level of safety must be maintained, rigorous analysis is required before they can be certified for operational use. As part of the certification process, collision avoidance systems need to be evaluated across millions of randomly generated close encounters that are representative of actual operations. New encounter models are under development that capture changes that have occurred in U.S. airspace since earlier models were developed in the 1980s and 1990s. These models capture the characteristics of small, general aviation aircraft that may not be receiving air traffic control services as well as typically larger aircraft that are squawking a discrete transponder code. Both models allow dynamic changes in airspeed, vertical rates, and turn rates in a way that was not possible previously. This paper describes the process used to construct the encounter models, how the models may be used in the development of sense-and-avoid systems for unmanned aircraft, and their application in an analysis of an electro-optical system for collision avoidance.
Methods for improving the quality of palliative care delivery: a systematic review.

Background:The effectiveness for improving the outcomes across palliative care domains remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review of different types of quality improvement interventions rele...
TweetDrops: a visualization to foster awareness and collective learning of sustainability

Whether or not you are paying attention to sustainability, you may become interested in it by reading about it online, or learning sustainable knowledge from others. We designed a system called TweetDrops, which is designed to draw people's attention to the issue of sustainability and to help them to learn sustainability-related knowledge by using an aesthetic visualization of qualitative data about sustainability attitudes and practices drawn from Twitter.