cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initiation and Maintenance of Exercise Behavior

New guidelines developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine state that significant health benefits can be gained by participating in daily bouts of moderate-intensity physical activity (Pate et al., 1995). Many of the things people already do, such as brisk walking, heavy housework, or climbing stairs, can produce health benefits if performed for a sufficient duration. Many people, however, think of physical activity and exercise as being different. For many, “exercise” is a vigorous, structured activity performed in a gym or in a class or an activity that requires an exercise machine. On the other hand, overuse of the phrase “physical activity” can mislead people into believing that any activity, including casual strolling or light housework, counts. It is the aim of this chapter to encourage a broad understanding that health benefits can be obtained by both vigorous exercise and moderate-intensity physical activity. In this chapter, therefore, the terms physical activity and exercise are used interchangeably.
Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cystic Fibrosis in the Genomic Era

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex autosomal recessive disease that continues to present unique diagnostic challenges. Because CF was first described in 1938, there has been a substantial growth of genetic and phenotypic information about the disorder. During the past few years, as more evidence has become available, a consortium of international experts determined that the 2008 guidelines from the CF Foundation needed to be reviewed and updated. CONTENT: The goal of this review is to highlight the latest advances in CF multidisciplinary care, together with the recent updates to the 2017 CF Foundation diagnostic guidelines. SUMMARY: Data from newborn screening programs, patient registries, clinical databases, and functional research have led to a better understanding of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) gene. Recent consensus guidelines have provided recommendations for clinicians and laboratorians to better assist with interpretation of disease status and related CF mutations. The highly recommended Clinical and Functional Translation of CFTR project should be the first resource in the evaluation of disease severity for CF mutations. Screen-positive newborns and patients with high clinical suspicion for CF are always recommended to undergo confirmatory sweat chloride testing with interpretations based on updated reference intervals. Every patient diagnosed with CF should receive genotyping, as novel molecular therapies are becoming standard of practice. The future of CF management must consider healthcare system disparities as CF transitions from a historically childhood disease to a predominantly adult epidemic.
RBC Exposure in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Epidemiology and Factors Associated With Large Blood Transfusion Volume.

OBJECTIVES To quantify and identify factors associated with large RBC exposure in children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS One-hundred twenty-two children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for greater than 12 hours during January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2016. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Clinical, laboratory, and survival data were obtained from medical records. Only data from patients' first extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run were used. The primary outcome was RBC volume exposure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (mL/kg/d). Patients with RBC exposure volume greater than 75th percentile were categorized as "high RBC use" patients. A "bleeding day" was identified if mediastinum or cannula sites were explored and/or Factor VIIa administration, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, or intracranial hemorrhages occurred. Median age was 0.3 years (interquartile range, 0-3 yr). Congenital heart disease (n = 56; 46%) was the most common diagnosis. Median RBC volume transfused during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was 39 mL/kg/d (interquartile range, 21-66 mL/kg/d). High RBC use patients were more likely be supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (100 vs 76%; p = 0.006), have congenital heart disease (68 vs 39%; p = 0.02), and experience bleeding (33 vs 11% d; p < 0.001). High RBC use patients showed a trend toward higher in-hospital mortality (58 vs 37%; p = 0.07). In the multivariable analysis, younger age (-9% per year; 95% CI, -10% to -7%; p < 0.001), more blood draws per day (+8%; 95% CI, 6-11%; p < 0.001), and higher proportion of bleeding days (+22% per 10% increase; 95% CI, 16-29%; p < 0.001) were associated with larger RBC exposure (model R = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS Bleeding during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, frequent laboratory draws, and younger age were associated with increased RBC exposure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Higher transfusion volume was associated with increased mortality.
Oxidative Stress and the Proteasome: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance

The proteasome is a key mediator of the oxidative environment in cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by normal cellular metabolic processes, and the proteasome can mediate ROS levels by degrading proteins that generate ROS and by controlling antioxidant turnover, as well as by clearing oxidatively damaged proteins from cells. The proteasome itself is also regulated by ROS, with certain subunits being susceptible to oxidative modification and damage, while other subunits are transcriptionally up-regulated as part of the antioxidant response. Proteasome inhibition has been shown to increase ROS in many cellular contexts, and this increase in ROS is often integral to cell death induction. Cells that have elevated basal levels of antioxidants, or that can mount a quick antioxidant response that often includes increasing proteasome subunit levels, can neutralize ROS and escape proteasome inhibitor-induced death. Many current studies are focused on overcoming this resistance by combining proteasome inhibitors with other ROS-generating agents, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and certain kinase inhibitors, which can cause synergistic ROS induction and death.
Epidermal growth factor stimulates integrin-mediated cell migration of cultured human corneal epithelial cells on fibronectin and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide.

Purpose. The aim of this work was to show epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent migration of human corneal epithelial cells to fibronectin and GRGDSP peptide. The authors assessed the role of cell surface integrin heterodimer α5β1 in mediating haptotactic cell migration to fibronectin by the use of specific function-blocking integrin antibodies. Methods. A haptotactic cell migration assay in a Boyden chamber was used to compare the relative migration of the cultured human corneal epithelial cells in the presence of fibronectin and GRGDSP peptide-coated filters. Epithelial cells were incubated in the presence of function-blocking integrin antibodies or anti-EGF-receptor antibodies to determine their role in haptotactic cell migration. Results. Human corneal epithelial cells grown as primary cultures migrated in the presence of fibronectin or GRGDSP peptide, but only on stimulation with EGF. Antibodies to the EGF receptor blocked the EGF-mediated stimulation of haptotactic cell migration. Anti-β1 and anti-α5 antibodies each inhibited haptotactic cell migration to fibronectin and GRGDSP peptide. Conclusions. Epidennal growth factor provides an important stimulus of haptotactic cell migration of human corneal epithelial cells. Stimulation of cell migration by EGF was maximal in the range of 5 to 10 ng/ml ; this response was completely blocked by incubation with an anti-EGF receptor antibody. Function-blocking integrin antibodies, specifically anti-β1 and anti-α5, inhibited integrin-mediated cell migration to fibronectin and GRGDSP peptide. These data suggest that EGF represents an essential initial stimulus for haptotactic cell migration of human corneal epithelial cells ; furthermore, integrins are important in mediating cell migration to fibronectin and GRGDSP. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995 ;36 :2120-2126.
Dial M for HeMolysis

You are consulted about preparation for open lung biopsy in a 40-year-old woman with sickle cell disease (HbSS). Her red cell phenotype is O, D+, C+, c+, E−, e+, K−k+, Fy(a−b−), Jk(a+b+), M−N+, S−s+. Hospital records show that the following antibodies were previously detected: anti-Fy3; anti-E; anti-Jsa; anti-M; anti-S, all active at 37°C. On the day of admission, a LISS-IAT panel detected anti-Fy3 and anti-S; weak anti-E was detected after papain treatment. Patient’s hemoglobin is 7.5 g/dl; Hemoglobin S (HbS) 73%; platelets 313 × 109/l; INR 1.1; APTR 0.98.
Pet ownership and childhood acute leukemia (USA and Canada).

Objectives: For more than three decades there has been speculation regarding a possible role of zoonotic diseases in the development of human leukemia. This study investigated the potential relationship between exposure to pets and the development of childhood leukemia. Methods: Data from 2359 cases of acute leukemia from two large case–control studies were analyzed. Cases were individually matched to population controls on telephone exchange, age, and race. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) associated with pet ownership. Results: Overall, there was no association between pet ownership (either “any pet”, dog, or cat) and childhood acute leukemia (ORany pet:=1.01, 95% CI 0.89–1.2). Additionally, no relationship was found between exposure to an ill pet and childhood leukemia. Conclusion: The results of this analysis suggest that pet ownership (healthy or sick) is unrelated to an increased risk of childhood leukemia.
Ideologies of Invisibility and Support for Families of Color During Orientation Initiatives

This article reviews how orientation programs perpetuate or combat an ideology of invisibility for families of Color during the transition into college. Findings identify the ways in which ideologi...
Multilevel Information Fusion DGA Diagnosis Method for Power Transformer

Different types of failure occur in the running transformer, always goes with different warning signs. Fault diagnosis is to analyze the information, and then judge the nature of the fault severity, and found the transformer faults and abnormal state parts, At present, with the application of new detection methods such as on-line monitoring and live detection of transformers, more and more data representing real-time state information of transformers and more and more information sources are available. However, on the one hand, the characteristics of the diagnostic methods are characterized by a single type of characteristic information, such as the ratio of gas content or content, which leads to weak anti-interference ability and easy to cause errors. On the other hand, the characteristics of diagnostic methods may have different characteristics, and the lack of integration and comprehensive analysis among information affects the analysis and utilization of characteristic information. In general, the current use of information remains at a lower level. To this end, this paper introduces the information fusion technology, and puts forward the diagnosis new criterion to be effectively integrated and rationally stratified in order to improve the reliability of the diagnosis.
Hyperbolic Volume of Manifolds with Geodesic Boundary and Orthospectra

In this paper we describe a function Fn : R+ → R+ such that for any hyperbolic n-manifold M with totally geodesic boundary \({\partial M \neq \emptyset}\) , the volume of M is equal to the sum of the values of Fn on the orthospectrum of M. We derive an integral formula for Fn in terms of elementary functions. We use this to give a lower bound for the volume of a hyperbolic n-manifold with totally geodesic boundary in terms of the area of the boundary.
Objectivity and Ethics in Environmental Health Science

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how to improve research beneficence and extend measures of objectivity in environmental health studies that take place in local, geographic communities, particularly those with culturally diverse groups. In this article, there is an emphasis on the community value of a research investigation, a community-based ethical obligation, which can be determined along with an ethic of scientific validity. By engaging in the research the participation of local community representatives and cultural groups along with academic research teams, community and social values are enhanced. Through community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership or collaborative models, community value will be improved when the scientific design and methods of an environmental health investigation will incorporate local contextual conditions, cultural appropriateness/competence, community capacity-building, and other community-based measures of local beneficence. Additionally, with these CBPR models and ethical perspectives, evidence for extending objectivity into the multiple, interrelated impacts of environmental health threats, instead of single end point technical analyses, can be seen. This too increases community beneficence when the full extent of environmental health harms is accounted for and become part of remediation plans.
Associations between individual differences in approach motivation and effort-based task performance

Abstract Approach motivation is of interest to multiple domains of psychology and the principal method of assessing this construct is self-report. However, there are multiple behavioral measures available to assess approach motivation. More work is needed to examine the validity of these tasks. In this study, we examined the progressive ratio (PR) task and effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT). We examined how PR task parameters influenced performance; associations between self-report measures of approach motivation and behavioral performance; and associations between behavioral task performance. Overall, the results showed that PR task performance was impacted based on the magnitude of ratio increases. We found some associations between self-report and PR task and EEfRT performance of modest effect size. We also found associations between task performance, but only when EEfRT performance was based on high probability reward trials. Overall, this study provides preliminary convergent validity of these behavioral measures for assessing approach motivation.
Satir Transformational Systemic Therapy and Spirituality

Bu calisma, Yasantisal Aile Terapisi icinde yer alan Virginia Satir’in onculugunu yaptigi Satir Aile Terapisinin icine maneviyatin entegre edilmesini konu edinmektedir. 1950’lerden sonra bireysel terapilerde yer edinen maneviyat kavrami, 1990 sonrasinda ozellikle Satir ile birlikte aile terapilerinde de yer bulmustur. Manevi Temelli Satir Aile Terapisinde amac, maneviyati psikolojik danisma surecine entegre ederek danisanlarin uyum ve iletisim becerilerini artirmaktir. Ayrica bu yaklasimda, manevi tekniklerin kullanilmasi ile aile uyelerine duygularin fark ettirilmesi de amaclanmaktadir. Yaklasimini herhangi bir dini gelenekle sinirlandirmayan Satir’in evrensel maneviyat kavramini benimsedigi soylenebilir. Ulkemizde maneviyat kavrami yeni yeni bireysel psikolojik danismada yer alirken henuz aile terapisi boyutunda herhangi bir yere sahip degildir. Alanyazinda da bu konuda az sayida arastirmaya rastlanmistir ve yeni calismalara ihtiyac duyuldugundan bu calisma gerceklestirilmistir. Bu calismanin alanyazina onemli bir katki sunacagina inanilmaktadir. Bu calismada oncelikle Satir’in de temsilcisi oldugu Yasantisal Aile Terapisinden, Satir Aile Terapisinin maneviyata bakisindan, bu yaklasimda maneviyatin nasil uygulanabileceginden ve manevi temelli yaklasimda terapotik surecin nasil olmasi gerektiginden soz edilmistir. Ardindan maneviyatin entegre edildigi Satir Aile Terapisinde psikolojik danismanin rol ve sorumluluklari anlatilmis, Satir’in manevi temelli yaklasiminda yer alan tekniklerden bahsedilmistir. En son, Satir’in manevi temelli aile terapisi yaklasimina dayanan bir vaka ornegine yer verilmis ve konu genel olarak ozetlenmistir.
Recognizing genetic disease: A key aspect of pediatric pulmonary care

Advancement in technology has improved recognition of genetic etiologies of disease, which has impacted diagnosis and management of rare disease patients in the pediatric pulmonary clinic. This review provides an overview of genetic conditions that are likely to present with pulmonary features and require extensive care by the pediatric pulmonologist. Increased familiarity with these conditions allows for improved care of these patients by reducing time to diagnosis, tailoring management, and prompting further investigation into these disorders.
Under the Radar: A Coherent System of Climate Governance, Driven by Business

Initiatives by private actor groups to cut carbon emissions, adopt climate-smart agriculture practices and increase renewable energy are growing in scope and ambition. Although links exist with public policy, these actions are not mandated by public law. Instead, participation is driven by a complex mix of other compelling motivations, including pressure from investors and the public, maintaining access to markets, and a growing economic and social case for climate action. This paper presents the hypothesis that these growing private efforts, when examined collectively, begin to take on the attributes and functions of a system of governance that could be vital to societal decarbonization. This analysis takes the concept of private governance further than most studies by not just evaluating specific initiatives against governance criteria, but looking at the entire field of private climate action to ask whether the collective effort hangs together as a system of governance and should be treated as such by its many participants. Although coherent and growing, the system is at a delicate moment with its future, and perhaps ours, dependent on whether bridges are built, barriers are cleared, and current and new players better coordinate. The paper includes a proposed research and action agenda to advance these goals.
RULENet: End-to-end Learning with the Dual-estimator for Remaining Useful Life Estimation

Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation is a key element in Predictive maintenance. System agnostic approaches which just utilize sensor and operational time series have gained popularity due to its ease of implementation. Due to the nature of measurement or degradation mechanisms, its accurate estimation is not always feasible. Existing methods suppose the range of RUL with feasible estimation is given from results at upstream tasks or prior knowledge. In this work, we propose the novel framework of end-to-end learning for RUL estimation, which is called RULENet. RULENet simultaneously optimizes its Dual-estimator for RUL estimation and its feasible range estimation. Experimental results on NASA C-MAPSS benchmark data show the superiority of the end-to-end framework.
Examining racial and socioeconomic disparity in the pediatric heart transplant evaluation

Racial disparities have been reported among pediatric patients waitlisted for and undergoing heart transplantation but have not been studied further upstream in the transplant candidate evaluation process. We retrospectively studied our single-center experience in order to investigate any potential biases in the evaluation process. Results of the heart transplant evaluation in children ≤18 years old at our institution were analyzed. Primary outcome was final disposition to waitlist or not. Race was defined by family self-identification. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed. From 2013 to 2019, 133 unique patients were referred for listing consideration. While Black patients comprised 44% of the referral population and had more markers of socioeconomic disadvantage, they comprised 43% of the patients who were listed for transplantation with no significant difference between these proportions (p = .96). Black and White patients made up a similar proportion of patients deemed too well or too ill for listing. Black patients had lower annual household income estimates and rates of household marriage. Despite identifying significant social challenges in 27 patients (18 of them Black), only five patients (3 Black and 2 White) were turned down for listing due to social barriers. While limited by the small number of patients turned down for social barriers, our transplant evaluation process does not appear to result in racial disparities in access to listing. Further studies are needed using national cohorts to explore possible racial disparities upstream from waitlisting and transplantation, such as during the referral and evaluation.
Fluorescence dual-color fiberscope for monitoring neuron and astrocyte concurrent activities in freely-behaving animals

Monitoring brain activity associated with natural physiological behavior is at the core of many neuroscience studies, yet many labs utilize imaging modalities that require anesthesia or immobilization of animals that cause unnatural stress and perturbed behavior. Instead, we separated the physiological system from the optical one using a fiber-optic tether, which allows the use of larger, optimized optical components while allowing mice to move freely thereby minimizing interference to their behavior. In vivo astrocyte activity, both spontaneous and stimulus-evoked was observed. The developed dual-color fluorescence system extended functionality to study multiple cell types concurrently.
Linear Coding for AWGN Channels with Noisy Output Feedback via Dynamic Programming

In this paper, we consider a communication system where a sender sends messages over a memoryless Gaussian point-to-point channel to a receiver and receives the output feedback over another Gaussian channel with known variance and unit delay. The sender sequentially transmits the message over multiple times till a certain error performance is achieved. The aim of our work is to design a transmission strategy to process every transmission with the information that was received in the previous feedback and send a signal so that the estimation error drops as quickly as possible. The optimal code is unknown for channels with noisy output feedback when the block length is finite. Even within the family of linear codes, optimal codes are unknown in general. Bridging this gap, we propose a family of linear sequential codes and provide a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm to solve for a closed form expression for the optimal code within a class of sequential linear codes. The optimal code discovered via DP is a generalized version of which the Schalkwijk-Kailath (SK) scheme is one special case with noiseless feedback; our proposed code coincides with the celebrated SK scheme for noiseless feedback settings.
Housing status, mortgage debt and financial burden as barriers to health among older adults in the U.S

We examine relations between housing status, mortgage, financial burden, and healthy aging among older U.S. adults. We combine cross-sectional data from 2012 to 2014 Health and Retirement Study coh...
Aflatoxin-producing Potential of Isolates of the Aspergillus flavus-oryzae Group from Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Seventy-eight samples of farmer stock peanuts, representing peanuts grown in nine different geographical areas during 1964, were assayed for aflatoxin and examined for associated microflora. Only two samples contained more than 50 ppb of aflatoxin. Infestation by members of the Aspergillus flavus-oryzae group varied from 35 to 100% of the kernels per area and from 1 to 100% of the kernels per sample. Aflatoxin production by individual isolates ranged from 0 to 349,143 ppb under the test conditions employed. In general, the isolates produced 8 to 10 times more B(1) than B(2), and no isolate producing aflatoxins G(1) or G(2) was found. The importance of proper postharvest handling of peanuts is emphasized by the prevalence of isolates of A. flavus-oryzae capable of producing aflatoxins on farmers stock peanuts.
Temporal dispersion windows in cortical neurons.

A temporal dispersion windowis the time required for a volley of action potentials on presynaptic axons to cross the dendritic arbor of a postsynaptic neuron. The volley produces a series of unitary postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) on the postsynaptic neuron. Temporal dispersion is, thus, one factor that can influence the integration of unitary PSPs and the production of action potentials in cortical neurons. Temporal dispersion windows for neurons in the visual cortex of the freshwater turtle, Pseudemys scripta, were estimated by characterizing geniculate afferents and the morphology of neurons in the visual cortex. Horseradish peroxidase injections in the thalamus revealed thin and unmyelinated terminal arbors that run horizontally from lateral to medial across the cortex, forming en passant synapses across the dendrites of cortical neurons. Axons with two calibers were seen, one with diameters between 0.5 and 2.0 "m, and a second with diameters below the resolution limit of the light microscope. The conduction velocity of geniculate afferents in the cortex was measured at 0.18 m/sec§0.04 using the latency of extracellular field potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral forebrain bundle. The positions and dendritic arbors were characterized in Golgi preparations. Seven morphologically distinct neuron types were positioned to intersect the geniculate afferents in Golgi preparations. The spatial overlap between the dendritic arbors of these cells and the geniculate afferents varied from 128 to 850 "m. Temporal dispersion windows for the seven cell types ranged from 0.7 to 4.7 msec, estimated using a geniculate fiber conduction velocity of 0.18 m/sec. Estimated conduction velocities of 0.04 m/sec for small-caliber fibers produce temporal dispersion windows of 3.2 to 21.3 m/sec.
A Visual Guide to NFIB v. Sebelius: Competing Commerce Clause Opinion Lines 1789-2012

Though Chief Justice Roberts ultimately provided the fifth vote upholding the Affordable Care Act (ACA) under the Tax Power, his was also one of five votes finding the ACA exceeded Congress’ power under the Commerce Clause. The doctrinal basis for Roberts’ Commerce Clause analysis was hotly contested. While Roberts argued that the ACA’s purported exercise of Commerce power “finds no support in our precedent,” Justice Ginsburg accused the Chief Justice of failing to “evaluat[e] the constitutionality of the minimum coverage provision in the manner established by our precedents.” These diametrically opposed perspectives on “precedent” might prompt observers to ask whether Roberts and Ginsburg considered the same cases as controlling. This Visual Guide shows that though the justices agreed on relevant cases, they disagreed on which opinions within those cases properly stated the law. Both Roberts and Ginsburg implicitly adopted the reasoning of prior dissents and concurrences as well as majority opinions. The map illustrates how competing lines of Commerce Clause opinions constitute a long-running doctrinal dialectic that culminated – for now – in NFIB v. Sebelius. This Visual Guide is a single-page PDF "poster" designed to serve as quick reference to the doctrinal debate.
Desmin and CD34 positivity in cellular fibrous histiocytoma: an immunohistochemical analysis of 100 cases

Background: Cellular benign fibrous histiocytoma (CBFH) represents a morphologic variant of cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma (FH). Because of its relative monomorphism and frequent fascicularity, CBFH can easily be mistaken for a malignancy. In fact, CD34, often used to distinguish CBFH from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), can also be positive. To add to the confusion, desmin positivity may also be observed in a subset of CBFH. Desmin and CD34 expression often cause interpretative difficulty which may lead to misdiagnosis. Our aim was to examine the incidence of desmin and CD34 expression in CBFH. Methods: One hundred consecutive cases of morphologically typical CBFH were retrieved from consultation files. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features were evaluated. Results: SMA positivity was found in tumor cells in 93 of 100 cases (93%). Desmin positivity was found in 32 of 100 cases (32%). CD34 was positive in 6 of 100 cases (6%). There was no evident correlation between immunophenotype and anatomic site or other clinical variables. Conclusion: Frequent desmin (32%) and occasional CD34 (6%) expression are encountered in CBFH. Desmin positivity can be explained on the basis of myofibroblastic differentiation. The occasional CD34 positivity in a subset of CBFH should not be a deterrent from making the correct pathologic diagnosis, based on characteristic morphologic features.
Molecular Electronic Devices

The ability to utilize single molecules that function as self-contained electronic devices has motivated researchers around the world for years, concurrent with the continuous drive to minimize electronic circuit elements in semiconductor industry. The microelectronics industry is presently close to the limit of this minimization trend dictated by both laws of physics and the cost of production. It is possible that electronically functional molecular components can not only address the ultimate limits of possible miniaturization, but also provide promising new methodologies for novel architectures, as well as nonlinear devices, and memories.
Allergic encephalitis with gelastic status epilepticus induced by wasp sting

Wasp stings are ubiquitous worldwide and generally cause self-limiting local reaction. Occasionally more serious systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis, rhabdomyolysis, and intravascular hemolysis may occur, especially with multiple stings.1,–,3 Although exceedingly rare, neurologic complications of the wasp sting have been described.3,–,6 We report a case of allergic encephalitis with gelastic status epilepticus (SE) due to a delayed reaction to the wasp venom. ### Case report. A 49-year-old right-handed white man with a history of left cerebellar medulloblastoma resected 10 years prior with no residual neurologic deficits presented with a worsening left-sided headache after being repeatedly stung by a swarm of wasps in the left head …
On the Design and Control of a Squeeze-Flow Mode Magnetorheological Fluid Mount

The paper presents the design and control of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid based mount that combines the squeeze and flow modes in operation. The proposed design yields a high static stiffness and a low dynamic stiffness in the working frequency range of the mount, enhancing the vibration isolation capabilities of the mount compared to existing hydraulic mounts. Vertical vibrations, namely displacement/force transmissibility, can be isolated or significantly reduced, in real time, by controlling the fluid yield stress through an applied electric current. The mount governing equations have been derived and the effect of system parameters on its performance was analyzed. Preliminary results on the implementation of skyhook, groundhook and hybrid control strategies are also presented.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Video identification of predators at Golden-cheeked Warbler nests

Abstract We monitored 67 Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) nests with infrared video cameras and time-lapse recorders to identify predators. Rat snakes (Elaphe spp.) were the most frequent predators, depredating 12 nests and capturing three adult females. A variety of avian predators depredated seven nests, including three American Crows (Corvus brachyrynchos), two Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater), one Western Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica), and one Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii). Fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) depredated four nests and were the only mammalian predators recorded. Post-outcome recordings (i.e., after young fledged or nests failed) revealed western coachwhips (Masticophis flagellum testaceus), mice (Peromyscus sp.), and Greater Roadrunners (Geococcyx californianus) as potential predators, though they were not recorded at active nests. Video proved to be an effective method of monitoring Golden-cheeked Warbler nests, because all but one predator was identified and o...
Stabilization of β-Be at room temperature by a rapid quench technique

The retention of the ..beta..-Be phase at room temperature by the use of a rapid quench technique opens the way for a full investigation of its physical properties. Studied were thermal response, hardness, electrical resistivity, structural analysis, and superconductivity. Preliminary work indicates that the stabilization of the ..beta..-Be structure at room temperature is a very sensitive function of Ni content. This sensitivity is illustrated by the fact that the Be/sub 92/Ni/sub 8/ sample is mainly ..cap alpha..-phase while the Be/sub 91/ /sub 8/Ni/sub 8/ /sub 2/ is almost completely ..beta..-phase. Retention of the ..beta..-structure apparently requires the exact eutectoid composition and a high quench rate.
The Timing of Work Over Time

The incidence of evening and night work declined sharply in the United States between the early 1970s and the early 1990s, while the fraction of work performed at the fringes of the traditional regular working day grew. This secular decline did not result from industrial shifts or demographic changes. It was greatest at the upper end of the wage distribution, slowest among workers in the lowest quartile of wages. The observed changes are explained by a model that views evening/night work as a disamenity, with rising real earnings leading workers to shift away from such work in the presence of technical change.
Routine chest radiography of children with cancer hospitalized for fever and neutropenia: is it really necessary?

BACKGROUND Although there have been two reports suggesting that it is not necessary to obtain chest radiographs of all children with cancer who are hospitalized for fever and neutropenia, this practice continues. METHODS Fifty-four children with cancer who were hospitalized for 108 episodes of fever and neutropenia were followed prospectively. Data on their respiratory signs and symptoms were collected on admission and throughout their hospital course. Chest radiographs were obtained at the discretion of the pediatric oncology attending physician and were interpreted by a pediatric radiologist. RESULTS Pneumonia was documented by chest radiograph in 4 of the 108 episodes (3.7%) of fever and neutropenia. In 10 of the 108 episodes, the children had abnormal respiratory findings; this group included the 4 children with pneumonia documented by chest X-ray examination. None of the children with normal respiratory findings hospitalized for the remaining 98 episodes had pneumonia. Chest radiographs were not obtained for 40 of the 108 episodes of fever and neutropenia. None of the children with these 40 episodes had respiratory abnormalities and all recovered without a problem. Chest radiographs were obtained for the remaining 68 episodes of fever and neutropenia. Of the four children in this group with pneumonia documented by chest X-ray, two were diagnosed on admission, and another two whose initial radiographs were normal developed pneumonia later in their hospital course. There were no differences in age, absolute neutrophil count, temperature at presentation, or type of malignancy between the children who had chest radiographs and the children who did not. CONCLUSIONS Pneumonia is an uncommon cause of infection in children with cancer hospitalized for fever and neutropenia. Therefore, the authors believe it is not necessary to obtain a chest radiograph in children with no respiratory abnormalities who are hospitalized for fever and neutropenia. [See editorial on pages 1009-10, this issue.] Cancer 1997; 80:1160-4. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Rare Genetic Variants and Treatment Response: Sample Size and Analysis Issues

Incorporating information about common genetic variants may help improve the design and analysis of clinical trials. For example, if genes impact response to treatment, one can pregenotype potential participants to screen out genetically determined nonresponders and substantially reduce the sample size and duration of a trial. Genetic associations with response to treatment are generally much larger than those observed for development of common diseases, as highlighted here by findings from genome-wide association studies. With the development and decreasing cost of next generation sequencing, more extensive genetic information - including rare variants - is becoming available on individuals treated with drugs and other therapies. We can use this information to evaluate whether rare variants impact treatment response. The sparseness of rare variants, however, raises issues of how the resulting data should be best analyzed. As shown here, simply evaluating the association between each rare variant and treatment response one-at-a-time will require enormous sample sizes. Combining the rare variants together can substantially reduce the required sample sizes, but require a number of assumptions about the similarity among the rare variants' effects on treatment response. We have developed an empirical approach for aggregating and analyzing rare variants that limit such assumptions and work well under a range of scenarios. Such analyses provide a valuable opportunity to more fully decipher the genomic basis of response to treatment.
Ligation of the Common Bile Duct in the Fetal Lamb: an Experimental Model for the Study of Biliary Atresia

Summary: Intrauterine ligation of the common bile duct was carried out in ten fetal lambs at approximately 80 days gestational age. Six of the fetal lambs survived until term and were sacrificed at varying periods until the 36th day of life. The lesion which developed resembled a “correctable” type of extrahepatic biliary atresia [Kasai type 1 (b)]. The lining epithelium was either totally or incompletely denuded in the blind end of the common duct proximal to the obstruction. Speculation: The compliance of the wall of the common bile duct would appear to vary with the age at which an obstruction is introduced. The finding of an incomplete epithelial lining in the blind bulbous end of the proximal common duct may be of practical importance in influencing the siting of a biliary-intestinal anastomosis in the operative correction of the clinical condition. The failure to achieve mucosa-to-mucosa apposition may predispose towards anastomotic stenosis with all its sequelae. The findings in this small preliminary study are of sufficient interest to warrant further investigation.
Substance abuse in the Soviet Union

ALCOHOL ABUSE REPRESENTS one of the major health problems in contemporary Western society, but individuals unfamiliar with the extent of alcohol consumption in the Soviet Union would probably be shocked at the extent of alcohol usage and alcoholism in the major communist power on earth. Hedrick Smith (1983) wrote that “The West has nothing equivalent of vodka. . . . Vodka is one of the indispensable lubricants and escape mechanisms of Russia. . . . The mere mention of vodka starts Russians salivating and puts them in a mellow mood. . . . It would take an encyclopedia to explain all the vodka lore. In my three years in Russia, I am sure that I consumed more alcohol than in the rest of my life.” (pp. 161, 163). And according to an old legend, St. Vladimir, who introduced Christianity to Russia in 988 A.D., said “there is no joy without drinking.” What was the “joy” in the 10th century became a tragedy in the 20th century. Alcohol in the Soviet Union is blamed for 90% of murders, 66% of workrelated accidents, 50% of divorces and 80% of thefts and robberies.
Distinct mechanisms promote polarity establishment in carpels of Arabidopsis

Lateral organs of plants display asymmetry with abaxial identity being specified by members of the Arabidopsis YABBY gene family. Mutations in CRABS CLAW, the founding family member, display ectopic formation of adaxial carpel tissues only when the functions of other genes, such as GYMNOS or KANADI, are also compromised. Mutations in these genes alone do not result in loss of polar differentiation, and therefore, they act redundantly with CRABS CLAW to establish polarity. As GYMNOS encodes a uniformly expressed homolog of the chromatin-remodeling protein, Mi2, we argue that the unique genetic interactions do not reflect a molecular redundancy. Rather, CRABS CLAW regulates transcription spatially, whereas GYMNOS regulates downstream targets temporally to ensure proper differentiation of the carpels.
A new variety of coreopsis Californica (Compositae) Endemic to Arizona

Coreopsis californica var. newberryi, a new variety, differing from typical material ofC. californica in achene morphology, is proposed. Achene spotting in the two varieties exhibits maternal inheritance.
Developing an exploration decision support system (EDSS): A strategy for combining information and analytics

Petroleum exploration companies enter the twenty first century facing an increasingly competitive and risky environment. Under those circumstances, there is a growing need for better systematic decision-making that explicitly embodies the firm's desired goals and resource constraints. Computer-aided decision making, or decision support systems (DSS), provide an aid for those exploration management problems that are large, complex, unstructured, and involve management mudgment. Almost every present day DSS falls into one of two general classes. Vehicle DSSs such as linear/nonlinear programming models and other optimization routines, propose and impose specific methodologies to the decision-maker. On the other hand, toolbox DSSs, such as simulation programs, statistical functions, and graphical packages, are generally flexible in enabling their users to employ a variety of approaches and tools for their decision tasks but provide little guidance on both problem representation and investigation. This paper describes the development of a hybrid DSS model that combines the advantages of both the vehicle and toolbox systems components to provide a comprehensive approach to exploration planning from geological development through the capital allocation process. The Exploration Decision Support System (EDSS) preserves the flexibility of the toolbox system while enriching the problem-solving strategies available to the firm. The central objectives for developing an EDSS framework are: (1) better decisions about resource allocations; (2) more systematic understanding of the factors affecting exploration decisions; (3) improved communication about EP and (4) an explicit vehicle for continuous improvement of the petroleum exploration firm's decision-making process. The EDSS model can guide geological and exploration managers toward a more formal evaluation of projects, provide insight into the impact of competing choice alternatives, and significantly improve the quality of exploration decisions.
Teaching Writing as a Professional Practice Skill: A Curricular Case Example

This article describes one MSW program's innovative and informed response to the pervasive problem of inadequate professional writing skills. We articulate the rationale, implementation, and assessment of our systemic response, which includes (a) requiring a professional writing course, (b) implementing curricular infusion of a standard writing rubric, (c) using sequential papers and peer reviews, (d) incorporating writing assessment into admissions decisions and culminating projects, (e) collaborating with the university writing center, (f) offering a writing coach, and (g) mentoring students for professional scholarship. This curricular case example provides specific and comprehensive strategies for other programs to address this ubiquitous educational concern, demonstrates adherence to CSWE's (2008) Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards in multiple dimensions, and contributes to literature on curriculum development.
Oxygen nonstoichiometry in mixed-conducting SrFeCo0.5Ox

Abstract The electrical transport properties of SrFeCo0.5Ox were studied in various oxygen partial pressure (po2) environments by conductivity experiments. Oxygen stoichiometry was determined by thermogravimetric analysis, while oxygen chemical diffusion coefficient was derived from time relaxation experiments by abruptly changing the po2 in the surrounding atmosphere and monitoring specimen weight change as a function of time. The structure of SrFeCo0.5Ox was determined by X-ray powder diffraction. Conductivity results showed that SrFeCo0.5Ox is a mixed conductor with high combined electronic and oxygen ionic conductivities. At 950 °C in air, total electrical conductivity is ≈23 S cm−1 and the ionic transference number is ≈0.4. In high-po2 environments, interstitial oxide ions and holes are the predominant charge carriers in SrFeCo0.5Ox. We found that oxygen transport in SrFeCo0.5Ox is primarily bulk controlled, and X-ray diffraction revealed that the SrFeCo0.5Ox system has an oxygen-deficient perovskite-like layered structure. Its structure can be fit by Rietveld analysis with an orthorhombic unit cell of lattice parameters a = 11.112, b = 19.12, c = 5.528 A , and cell volume of 1174.67 A3.
Unusual presentations of injuries associated with the mandibular condyle in children

Condylar fractures are sustained commonly by children and are readily diagnosed in the main. Three case histories serve to illustrate the intricate anatomy of the area and how damage to it can produce unusual signs and symptoms which can mislead the unwary. Supplemental images, in particular coronal CTs, can be instrumental in arriving at the correct diagnosis and treatment.
Inventories and Distribution of Radiocaesium in Arctic Marine Sediments: Influence of Biological and Physical Processes

Abstract Extensive surveys of sediment burdens of radiocaesium, specifically 137Cs, and other radioactive contaminants in the Arctic during the 1990′s, indicate that almost all anthropogenic radionuclides buried on continental shelves adjacent to Alaska are derived from global bomb fallout. the 137Cs (half-life: 30.2y) activities observed in surface (0–4 cm) marine sediments however, vary widely, albeit much less than the expected current inventory resulting from bomb fallout at this latitude (∼100mBq cm−2). This observed geographical variation provided the opportunity to evaluate physical and biological mechanisms that may affect caesium biogeochemistry on Arctic continental shelves. We investigated whether high biological productivity in portions of the Bering and Chukchi Seas is effective in removing dissolved radiocaesium from the water column, and whether biological production in overlying water affects total radiocaesium inventories in sediments. Based upon C/N ratios in the organic fraction of shal...
The relationship of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency to hyperbilirubinemia in Negro premature infants

All of the Negro nfants admitted to a premature nursery during a four month interval were essayed for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Ten of 87 were found to be deficient. Serum bilirubin levels of 20 mg. per cent or more were attained in six of these ten infants, and five required exchange transfusions. In contrast, only eight of the remaining seventy-seven infants required exchange transfusions. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of the Negro premature infant, unlike that of the Negro term infant, appears to be associated with an increased risk of hyperbilirubinemia.