cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards the general circulation of the North Atlantic ocean

Abstract After reviewing the inverse method, we apply it to deducing the general circulation of the North Atlantic ocean. We argue that the method is purely classical in nature, being nothing more than a mathematical statement of the principles upon which nearly all previous circulation schemes have been based. The ‘smoothed’ solution is shown to represent the components of the flow field that are determinable independently of the initial reference level. We then produce two circulation schemes based upon two different initial reference levels — 2000 decibars and the bottom — called North Atlantic-1A and North Atlantic-1B respectively. The models share many features in common and are strikingly similar to several previous schemes, most notably those of Jacobsen and Defant in the region west of Bermuda. No simple level-of-no-motion emerges in the flow fields; rather the velocity sections exhibit a complex cellular structure. Zonally integrated meridional cells of models and of the uniquely determined components are very similar, showing a poleward movement of warm saline water compensated at depth by a return flow of cold, fresher water. The magnitudes of the implied polar sea overflows and the heat fluxes are in good agreement with previous estimates. Finally, it is argued that neither these model circulations nor any other circulation pattern based upon the existing data can be regarded as actually representing the true time average ocean circulation because the data are aliased in time; the frequency/wavenumber spectrum of the ocean is inadequately known to determine the resulting errors.
Purine-rich enhancers function in the AT-AC pre-mRNA splicing pathway and do so independently of intact U1 snRNP

A rare class of introns in higher eukaryotes is processed by the recently discovered AT-AC spliceosome. AT-AC introns are processed inefficiently in vitro, but the reaction is stimulated by exon-definition interactions involving binding of U1 snRNP to the 59 splice site of the downstream conventional intron. We report that purine-rich exonic splicing enhancers also strongly stimulate sodium channel AT-AC splicing. Intact U2, U4, or U6 snRNAs are not required for enhancer function or for exon definition. Enhancer function is independent of U1 snRNP, showing that splicing stimulation by a downstream 59 splice site and by an exonic enhancer differ mechanistically.
First measurements of the absolute neutron spectrum using the Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer (MRS) at OMEGA

A new type of neutron spectrometer, called a Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer (MRS) has been built and activated at OMEGA, and currently being developed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), for measurements of the absolute neutron spectrum in the range 6 to 30 MeV, from which ρR, Ti and yield can be determined. From the down-scattered neutrons in the range 6–10 MeV, a ρR can be inferred. From the tertiary spectrum (≫20 MeV), a second determination of the ρR can be inferred for high-yield implosions, which can be compared directly to the down-scattered neutron inferred ρR. Having such self-consistency check could prove immensely important for NIF fizzles that are on the threshold to ignite. In addition, absolute yield and a highly resolved 14-MeV primary neutron spectrum can be measured. This allows for measurements of Ti and, possibly more interestingly, non-thermal features, deviations from a single temperature and the effect of alpha-particle heating that might give an insight into the nature of a failed ignition-capsule implosions. In this talk, the results from the first measurements of the absolute spectrum of the down-scattered and primary neutrons at OMEGA will be presented. In addition, as much of the R&D and instrument optimization of the MRS at OMEGA is directly applicable to the MRS at the NIF, a description of the MRS design and characterization on the NIF is discussed as well.
Rhamnose biosynthesis in mycoplasmas requires precursor glycans larger than monosaccharide.

Despite the apparent absence of genes coding for the known pathways for biosynthesis, the monosaccharide rhamnose was detected in the d configuration in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pulmonis, and in both the d and l configurations in Mycoplasma arthritidis. Surprisingly, the monosaccharide glucose was not a precursor for rhamnose biosynthesis and was not incorporated at detectable levels in glucose-containing polysaccharides or glycoconjugates. In contrast, carbon atoms from starch, a polymer of glucose, were incorporated into rhamnose in each of the three species examined. When grown in a serum-free medium supplemented with starch, M. arthritidis synthesized higher levels of rhamnose, with a shift in the relative amounts of the d and l configurations. Our findings suggest the presence of a novel pathway for rhamnose synthesis that is widespread in the genus Mycoplasma.
Exploring drug users’ attitudes and decisions regarding hepatitis C (HCV) treatment in the U.S.

Abstract Individuals with a history of injecting drugs are at the highest risk of becoming infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), with studies of patients in methadone maintenance treatment programmes (MMTPs) reporting that 60–90 percent of intravenous drug users (IDUs) have the virus. Fortunately, HCV therapy has been shown to be effective in 42–82 percent of all patients with chronic HCV infection, including IDUs. While the decision to start HCV therapy requires significant consideration, little research exists that explores the attitudes of drug users toward HCV therapy. Therefore, this paper examines how drug users perceive the treatment, as well as the processes by which HCV-positive individuals examined the advantages and disadvantages of starting the HCV medications. Interviews were conducted with 164 patients from 14 drug treatment programmes throughout the United States, and both uninfected and HCV-positive drug users described a pipeline of communication among their peers that conveys largely negative messages about the medications that are available to treat HCV. Although many of the HCV-positive individuals said that these messages heightened their anxiety about the side effects and difficulties of treatment, some patients said that their peers helped them to consider, initiate HCV treatment or both. Gaining a better understanding of drug users' perceptions of HCV treatment is important, because so many of them, particularly IDUs, are already infected with HCV and may benefit from support in addressing their HCV treatment needs. In addition, currently uninfected drug users will likely remain at high risk for contracting HCV and may need to make decisions about whether or not to start the HCV medical regimen in the future.
An apparent hiatus in global warming

Global warming first became evident beyond the bounds of natural variability in the 1970s, but increases in global mean surface temperatures have stalled in the 2000s. Increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide, create an energy imbalance at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) even as the planet warms to adjust to this imbalance, which is estimated to be 0.5–1 W m−2 over the 2000s. Annual global fluctuations in TOA energy of up to 0.2 W m−2 occur from natural variations in clouds, aerosols, and changes in the Sun. At times of major volcanic eruptions the effects can be much larger. Yet global mean surface temperatures fluctuate much more than these can account for. An energy imbalance is manifested not just as surface atmospheric or ground warming but also as melting sea and land ice, and heating of the oceans. More than 90% of the heat goes into the oceans and, with melting land ice, causes sea level to rise. For the past decade, more than 30% of the heat has apparently penetrated below 700 m depth that is traceable to changes in surface winds mainly over the Pacific in association with a switch to a negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in 1999. Surface warming was much more in evidence during the 1976–1998 positive phase of the PDO, suggesting that natural decadal variability modulates the rate of change of global surface temperatures while sea-level rise is more relentless. Global warming has not stopped; it is merely manifested in different ways.
Machine‐assisted approach to general reference materials

A collection of 144 general reference works was analyzed and encoded according to 254 identifiable characteristics of services and contained data, comprising an “approach language” expressing search parameters. In response to a request submitted at an on-line terminal, the “REFSEARCH” system retrieves the names of those works whose profiles meet or exceed the specification. The background and rationale of the system is discussed, its current use in the School of Librarianship, University of California, and its potential for direct service to library patrons.
An accurate characterization of open microstrip discontinuities including radiation losses

An accurate full-wave analysis of a variety of open microstrip discontinuities and circuit elements has been performed. The technique has been used to characterize microstrip corners, steps, and matching sections. A two-dimensional application of the method of moments is utilized to solve Pocklington's integral equation in the space domain. The analysis accurately accounts for dispersion, space wave, and surface wave radiation. Scattering parameters are obtained for the circuit element or discontinuity by using transmission-line theory. Numerical results for the technique have demonstrated good agreement with the microwave software package Touchstone at lower frequencies. >
Magnetic coupling in multilayer ferromagnetic film structures

Indirect exchange coupling through magnetic bridges and magnetostatic coupling attributed to dipole-dipole interaction were observed in multilayer ferromagnetic film structures. This multilayer film consisted of an ordinary NiFe film with a normal uniaxial anisotropy, a thin separation layer of chromium and gold, and an anomalous NiFe film with a pronounced rotatable remanent magnetization. Both types of coupling produced a bias field and thus caused asymmetric magnetic properties of the ordinary film. It was also found that the effective coercive force of the ordinary film was greatly influenced by the interaction between domain walls and the stray field of the surface pole distribution. Generally, it increased as a result of the coupling and decreased exponentially as the thickness of the separation layer increased. Because of the presence of the magnetic coupling between the magnetizations and the interaction between normal walls and the stray field of the surface pole distribution, the coercive force of the ordinary film was found to be magnetically alterable by changing the remanent magnetization direction of the anomalous film.
Effects of Treadmill Training on Gait in a Hemiparetic Patient

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill training on temporal-distance gait variables. An A-B-A treatment-withdrawal, single-subject experimental design was used on a hemiparetic patient who was 3 years postinjury. The inked footprint method was used to obtain the variables of walking velocity, cadence, base of support, stride length, and step length. Treatment was a maximum of 10 minutes on a motorized treadmill without elevation at a comfortable walking speed. Data collection for all three phases (A-B-A) and treadmill training during the treatment phase were performed three times per week for 3 weeks. Data were analyzed using a celeration line approach and a C statistic. Treatment was found to affect the base of support and right step length. An increase in symmetry between right and left step length was apparent after treadmill training. There was no effect on right or left stride length, left step length, cadence, or walking velocity. The results indicate improvement in some aspects of gait with treadmill training in the patient studied. Further research is needed to confirm the generalizability of these findings and to identify which patients might benefit from treadmill training.
The revere hockey stick technique: Postmastectomy radiation therapy for breast cancer patients with locally advanced tumor presentation or extensive loco-regional recurrence

A combination of photon and electron radiation therapy (RT) fields was devised to treat patients with initial or recurrent breast cancer presentations which extensively involved the chest wall (CW) and/or the axilla. The ipsilateral supraclavicular, infraclavicular, axillary, and lateral CW regions are treated in continuity by anterior and posterior opposed photon beam "reverse hockey stick" fields. The internal mammary and medial chest wall regions are treated by an anterior electron beam field which is tightly junctioned to the photon beam fields. Electron beam energy and thickness of applied bolus are selected so that the electron beam 80% depth isodose curve matches the anterior pleural surface and/or deepest extent of tumor. The goal of treatment is to deliver 4400-5000 cGy to regions at risk of microscopic tumor with local boosts to 6000-7500 cGy to sites of gross disease. Between January 1977, and June 1985, this technique was selectively used in 46 patients, 31 patients with loco-regional tumor recurrence and 15 post-mastectomy patients who initially presented with locally advanced disease. A minimum tumor dose of 4400 cGy was delivered in all except five patients. A diffuse moist skin reaction developed in 31 of the 44 (70%) patients who received at least 3800 cGy. This healed in less than 1 month in all except seven. Frequency of CW diffuse moist skin reaction within the electron beam field was related to the daily applied RT dose. Diffuse moist skin reactions were also noted to be more frequent among patients who had received prior or concurrent Adriamycin. Significant complications included symptomatic arm lymphedema in seven; CW ulcer in two; and acute radiation pneumonitis; steroid-withdrawal radiation pneumonitis, pleuritis, and marked thrombocytopenia in one patient each. With a follow-up of 36-100 months, there was no evidence of loco-regional tumor relapse in 55% of patients treated for recurrent disease and in 73% treated following mastectomy for locally advanced presentations. In summary, we find the reverse hockey stick technique to be a simple, highly reproducible and effective RT approach for postmastectomy breast cancer patients with extensive initial presentation or recurrent disease.
ITERATIONS IN COMPANY VALUATION - EMCINSMED PLC.

DCF is the most respected method of company valuation. However, it does have a flaw related to the fact that the weights (share of debt and equity in total financing) that are used are based on book values. The problem may be overcome by using a technique based on iterations. In a real-life case, when one has to deal with numerous parameters and time periods, a numerical solution seems to be the only feasible approach. It is a chain of formulae that becomes so integrated that the information between cash flows and cost of capital moves freely. Loops run along columns (from V to WACC, and from E to k) and lines (from one year to another). The cost of capital “tracks” the capital structure and changes accordingly. The valuation is recursive, going backwards in time. In general, the recursive method of company evaluation overcomes a fundamental problem that is often ignored by many other methods: the fact that the cost of capital depends on the financial structure. Here in the paper, the valuation of Emcinsmed S.A. company is done in order to present the i-DCF valuation method. The company is highly leveraged, hence it serves as a good example.
Cultivating Promise and Possibility

Created by Patricia Hill Collins over 20 years ago, Black Feminist Thought (BFT)1 has flourished in multiple disciplines including sociology, English, political science, psychology, education, law, history, philosophy, Africana studies, mass communication, and communication studies. Since its inception, BFT has served as a key means to unapologetically center the embodied knowledge of Black women and foster opportunities for Black women to “talk back”2 to systemic oppression(s). To honor the legacy of BFT and propel its theoretical and methodological significance into the future, this special issue will feature critical, qualitative, and performative works that productively utilize, challenge, and extend BFT. Essays in this special issue will be characterized by: Exemplars of how BFT can be industriously challenged and extended include works that:
Long-term results of endoscopic balloon dilation for treatment of colorectal anastomotic stenosis.

Despite standardized techniques, anastomotic complications after colorectal resection remain a challenging problem. Among those, anastomotic stricture is a debilitating outcome which often requires multiple interventions and which is prone to recur. The present series investigates the long-term results of endoscopic balloon dilation for stenotic colorectal anastomosis. Consecutive patients from a single institution who presented with an anastomotic stenosis after a colorectal resection were identified using a prospective clinical database. Medical records were systematically reviewed to detail patients’ outcomes. Over 17 years (1988–2015), 2361 consecutive patients underwent a colorectal anastomosis. Of those, 76 patients (3.2 %) suffered a symptomatic anastomotic stenosis within a median of 5 months (interquartile range (IQR) 2–13) of the index procedure. All stenoses were primarily treated by endoscopic balloon dilation. Median follow-up was 11 years (IQR 7–14). In half the patients, one to two attempts at endoscopic balloon dilation definitively relieved the stenosis. Overall, the median number of endoscopic balloon dilation required was 3 (IQR 2–3). Recurrence rates at 1 year, 3 year, and 5 year were 11, 22, and 25 %, respectively. Median time to recurrence was 12 months (IQR 3–24). Ultimately, two patients (2.6 %) underwent an operation due to failure of endoscopic treatment. All other patients (97.4 %) were treated successfully with endoscopic balloon dilation. A total of 12 patients (15.7 %) suffered a complication from endoscopic dilation. Of those, 11 were minor bleeding and one was a perforation at the level of the anastomosis. All complications were managed conservatively, and no emergency procedure was required as a consequence of attempted endoscopic balloon dilation. Endoscopic balloon dilation is a safe approach to effectively relieve an anastomotic stenosis following a colorectal resection.
Mechanistic Studies of O2-Based Sulfoxidations Catalyzed by NOx/Br Systems

Many studies have noted that mixtures of nitrogen oxides (or oxyanions; NOx = NO3–, NO2–, NO–, etc.) and halide (particularly bromine) with or without a transition metal salt (most frequently, copper and iron complexes) are fast and highly selective catalysts for aerobic sulfoxidation and decontamination of many oxidizable toxic compounds. However, the lack of extensive and rigorous kinetic information has kept unequivocal mechanistic inferences on these important catalyst systems to a minimum. Through a series of spectroscopic and kinetics studies on NOx/bromine systems in acetonitrile, the following clarifying technical points have been established: (1) bromine is the reactive species in these oxidations; (2) nitrosonium and hypobromite are not kinetically important, (3) tribromide (Br3–) functions as a stable reservoir for Br2; (4) salts of Br3– and nitrate are stable, storable decontamination catalyst precursors; and (5) most importantly, the multiple complex roles of water (required for catalysts yet...
THERAPY-RELATED T/MYELOID MIXED PHENOTYPE ACUTE LEUKEMIA IN A PATIENT TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY FOR CUTANEOUS DIFFUSE LARGE B CELL LYMPHOMA

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia is a rare form of leukemia that is associated with a poor prognosis. Most cases of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia are de novo. However, therapy-related mixed-phenotype acute leukemia can occur, and are often associated with exposure to topoisomerase-II inhibitors and alkylating agents. There are no known treatment guidelines for therapy-related mixed-phenotype acute leukemia. We present a patient with T/myeloid mixed-phenotype acute leukemia secondary to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone R-CHOP chemotherapy for primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient's leukemic cells express CD34, an immaturity marker, CD3, a T-cell marker, and myeloperoxidase, a myeloid marker, and her history of chemotherapy for previous lymphoma supports the diagnosis of therapy-related T/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukemia. Clinicians should be aware that this entity could be associated with R-CHOP chemotherapy. Given the complexity in diagnosis, and lack of treatment guidelines, a further understanding of the pathological and genetic principles of therapy-related mixed-phenotype acute leukemia will assist in future efforts to treat and categorize these patients. Mixed phenotype acute leukemia is a rare entity that accounts for two to five percent of all acute leukemias. Therapy- related mixed phenotype acute leukemia is an exceedingly rare hematological neoplasm that accounts for less than one percent of acute leukemias. We describe a case of therapy-related T/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukemia following rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone R-CHOP chemotherapy for primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma DLBCL. The patient is a 63-year-old female who presented with several cutaneous nodules diagnosed as primary cutaneous DLBCL. The patient received R-CHOP chemotherapy and achieved remission. She remained in remission for four years until she presented with dyspnea, night sweats, weakness, and diffuse lymphadenopathy. Her presentation was initially concerning for recurrent lymphoma; however, a bone marrow biopsy and aspirate and a lymph node biopsy revealed a distinct blast population consistent with T/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukemia T/M-MPAL. Given the patient's history of previous chemotherapy exposure, our patient represents a case of therapy-related T/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukemia t-MPAL.
Reading Too Much into Reeder-Simco ?

This Note argues that a careful analysis of the Supreme Court's opinion in Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. v. Reeder-Simco GMC, Inc. demonstrates that, despite the expansive dicta appearing in part IV of that opinion, the Court did not intend to reshape the course of its Robinson-Patman Act jurisprudence in any significant way. The Court's opinion operated well within the confines of established Robinson-Patman Act doctrine, even if its searching review of the evidence presented at trial represented a rare foray into the arena of factual error correction. After Reeder-Simco, however, many commentators emphasized the dicta in part IV of the opinion and argued that Reeder-Simco portended the end of a pillar of Robinson-Patman Act doctrine, the Morton Salt Inference. In light of the expansive interpretations that many commentators adopted after Reeder-Simco, this Note surveys citations to the opinion to determine whether such broad readings of the case have taken hold in the lower courts as well. The results show that courts have generally read the opinion narrowly and continue to apply the Morton Salt Inference in secondary-line Robinson-Patman Act cases.
[P4–018]: UNCERTAINTIES AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DECISION-MAKING REGARDING AMYLOID-RELATED IMAGING ABNORMALITIES IN CLINICAL TRIALS FOR ALZHEIMER's DISEASE

Author(s): Rojas, Julio C; Ohanesian, Noelle; Chiong, Winston; Boxer, Adam L; Arias, Jalayne J
Sex similarities and differences in risk factors for recurrence of major depression

BackgroundMajor depression (MD) occurs about twice as often in women as in men, but it is unclear whether sex differences subsist after disease onset. This study aims to elucidate potential sex differences in rates and risk factors for MD recurrence, in order to improve prediction of course of illness and understanding of its underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe used prospective data from a general population sample (n = 653) that experienced a recent episode of MD. A diverse set of potential risk factors for recurrence of MD was analyzed using Cox models subject to elastic net regularization for males and females separately. Accuracy of the prediction models was tested in same-sex and opposite-sex test data. Additionally, interactions between sex and each of the risk factors were investigated to identify potential sex differences.ResultsRecurrence rates and the impact of most risk factors were similar for men and women. For both sexes, prediction models were highly multifactorial including risk factors such as comorbid anxiety, early traumas, and family history. Some subtle sex differences were detected: for men, prediction models included more risk factors concerning characteristics of the depressive episode and family history of MD and generalized anxiety, whereas for women, models included more risk factors concerning early and recent adverse life events and socioeconomic problems.ConclusionsNo prominent sex differences in risk factors for recurrence of MD were found, potentially indicating similar disease maintaining mechanisms for both sexes. Course of MD is a multifactorial phenomenon for both males and females.
Toward Prioritization of Data Flows for Scientific Workflows Using Virtual Software Defined Exchanges

Recent advances in cloud systems, on-demand circuits and software-defined networking have created new opportunities to enable complex, data-intensive scientific applications to run on dynamic networked cloud infrastructures. In this work, we present an end-to-end framework for autonomic adaptation for scientific workflows on networked cloud systems, which leverages novel network provisioning technologies. We present an application-independent controller framework called Mobius++ that includes dynamic network adaptation capabilities using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) mechanisms, which enables workflow management systems to address competing priorities of workflow operations, data movements in particular. We use a representative, data-intensive bioinformatics workflow as a driving use case to showcase the above capabilities. Experimental results show that the Mobius++ framework, in conjunction with a novel virtual Software Defined Exchange (SDX) platform, is able to dynamically prioritize bandwidths between different end-points, on-demand, and being driven by priority directives from a workflow management system. We show that data transfer jobs from two workflows with different priorities are accurately arbitrated as the relative priorities change.
P14 Discord between patients’ general practitioner repeat prescriptions and the medication list held by a paediatric cf centre

Aim To audit GP repeat prescription records in comparison with medication lists held in patients’ electronic notes (EMIS) in our centre, to identify any discrepancies and pharmacist interventions. Method Between October 2011 and June 2014, a pharmacist retrospectively reviewed the CF Centre medication lists, and compared them with the patient’s GP repeat prescription (accessed using Summary Care Record), identifying differences in doses, formulation, and directions. In addition, omissions from each list, drug-class duplications, drugs requiring cessation, and dosing errors were noted. The last date of dispensing was used as an indicator of adherence, and where necessary, GPs were contacted for further information. Pharmacist interventions requiring further action were recorded. Results Drugs (n=2009), were reviewed from 232 patient episodes. Total number of pharmacist interventions was 589 (29.3% drugs), with 20 prescribing errors identified as being clinically significant requiring immediate resolution. Dose and formulation discrepancies were noted in 141 (7.0%) and 48 (2.4%) drugs respectively. Omissions occurred on the GP prescription for 73 medications (3.6%), 30 of which were unlicensed. There were 69 (3.4%) omissions on the CF Unit medication list. Common drugs missed off the GP prescriptions were unlicensed medicines (ULM), accounting for 40% of GP omissions. Common drugs missed off the CF Centre drug list were dietary products and ‘acute’ courses (e.g. antifungals, eradication regimens) initiated by the CF Centre. The CF Centre was unaware of some GP prescribing of contraceptives and inhalers. 25 patients were identified as having adherence issues. Only 35/232 (15%) prescriptions matched identically. Conclusions This audit identified the need for a more thorough medicine review and reconciliation in the clinic, which should at least include the GP repeat prescription. The audit identified areas of discrepancy between the CF Centre list and the GP prescription, that were previously unknown and had not been considered. It is essential that teams are aware of additional prescribing by GPs and the medication list at the CF Centre should be updated at each clinic visit. Communication regarding drug therapy needs to be improved between the CF Centre and GPs. A comprehensive medication review should to be completed before altering any drug/doses in response to poor clinical response, as it cannot be assumed that patients have access to, or are taking, medicines as perceived by the CF Team. A pharmacist in a CF clinic would be ideally placed to complete this.
The Second Generation of Soyfoods

Soybeans and soyfoods were officially introduced to the Western world at the beginning of the twentieth century. Some soyfoods, such as soy sauce and soymilk, have been accepted by Westerners wholeheartedly, particularly for the past several decades, whereas others will take more time to be accepted. During the course of this introduction, a whole new class of soyfoods has been developed, including soy ice cream, soy yogurt, veggie burgers, soy sausage, and soy flour pancakes. They have been dubbed “the second generation of soyfoods.”
Abstract 3633: A National Assessment of Factors Influencing Emergency Medical Services Times Among Acute Stroke patients.

Background: The time spent in Emergency Medical Services [EMS] assessment and transport is a critical determinant of time interval between symptom onset and treatment for acute stroke. Objective: T...
Gd3+ EPR Probe of the Determination of Valence States

The theory of the Gd3+ probe EPR technique is reviewed. This technique has been employed to investigate at 9.2 GHz the Gd3+ EPR in 0.1 at. % GdS in TmS, 1 at. % GdTe in TmTe, and 1 at. % GdSe in TmSe. From the temperature dependence of the Gd3+ EPR linewidth, we have concluded that Tm in TmS is trivalent with a singlet ground-state. The temperature variation of the Gd3+ linewidth in TmTe has been interpreted in terms of the “delocalization” of the extra electron “localized” around Gd3+. From the linewidth and g-value data, we have shown that Tm in TmTe is divalent. The linewidth and the g-value of the Gd3+ resonance in TmSe have been found to be independent of temperature. These striking results have been explained in terms of the “motional narrowing” effect attributed to the inter-configurational fluctuations of Tm in TmSe.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF ILLITE

Investigations in the system K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O were made in an attempt to synthesize micas similar to illite and to determine their upper stability limits. These are representative of materials referred to by many clay mineralogists as illite, hydromuscovite and K-bentonite. Gels of these compositions were treated hydrothermally at temperatures above 250°C and at pressures above 10,000 lb/in.2. Natural illites and related minerals were also treated under the same conditions.
A New Twist on Tip Links.

Auditory transduction is fast and sensitive owing to the direct detection of mechanical stimuli by hair cells, the sensory receptors of the internal ear. A study by Dionne et al. (2018) in this issue of Neuron suggests how signals propagate through tip links, the cadherin-based strands that gate mechanically sensitive channels.
Definition differences and internal variability affect the simulated Arctic sea ice melt season

Abstract. Satellite observations show that the Arctic sea ice melt season is getting longer. This lengthening has important implications for the Arctic Ocean's radiation budget, marine ecology and accessibility. Here we assess how passive microwave satellite observations of the melt season can be used for climate model evaluation. By using the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM LE), we evaluate the effect of multiple possible definitions of melt onset, freeze onset and melt season length on comparisons with passive microwave satellite data, while taking into account the impacts of internal variability. We find that within the CESM LE, melt onset shows a higher sensitivity to definition choices than freeze onset, while freeze onset is more greatly impacted by internal variability. The CESM LE accurately simulates that the trend in freeze onset largely drives the observed pan-Arctic trend in melt season length. Under RCP8.5 forcing, the CESM LE projects that freeze onset dates will continue to shift later, leading to a pan-Arctic average melt season length of 7–9 months by the end of the 21st century. However, none of the available model definitions produce trends in the pan-Arctic melt season length as large as seen in passive microwave observations. This suggests a model bias, which might be a factor in the generally underestimated response of sea ice loss to global warming in the CESM LE. Overall, our results show that the choice of model melt season definition is highly dependent on the question posed, and none of the definitions exactly match the physics underlying the passive microwave observations.
Conjugated linoleic acid effects on cancer, obesity, and atherosclerosis: A review of pre-clinical and human trials with current perspectives

Obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are straining our healthcare system, necessitating the development of novel strategies for weight loss. Lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and caloric restriction, have proven effective against obesity in the short term, yet obesity persists because of the high predilection for weight regain. Therefore, alternative approaches to achieve long term sustainable weight loss are urgently needed. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid found naturally in ruminant animal food products, has been identified as a potential anti-obesogenic agent, with substantial efficacy in mice, and modest efficacy in obese human populations. Originally described as an anti-carcinogenic fatty acid, in addition to its anti-obesogenic effects, CLA has now been shown to possess anti-atherosclerotic properties. This review summarizes the pre-clinical and human studies conducted using CLA to date, which collectively suggest that CLA has efficacy against cancer, obesity, and atherosclerosis. In addition, the potential mechanisms for the many integrative physiological effects of CLA supplementation will be discussed in detail, including an introduction to the gut microbiota as a potential mediator of CLA effects on obesity and atherosclerosis.
Tax Credits for the Working Poor: A Call for Reform

The United States introduced the earned income tax credit (EITC) in 1975, where it remains the most significant earnings-based refundable credit in the Internal Revenue Code. While the United States was the first country to use its domestic revenue system to deliver and administer social welfare benefits to lower-income individuals or families, a number of other countries, including New Zealand and Canada, have experimented with or incorporated similar credits into their tax systems. In this work, Michelle Lyon Drumbl, drawing on her extensive advocacy experience representing low-income taxpayers in EITC audits, analyzes the effectiveness of the EITC in the United States and offers suggestions for how it can be improved. This timely book should be read by anyone interested in how the EITC can be reimagined to better serve the working poor and, more generally, whether the tax system can promote social justice.
Study of Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network Area in Multicast Communications

Multicast was introduced in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) in release 8 as the technology for the Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (eMBMS) and has been steadily updated in the later releases. Unlike unicast where available resources are split amongst each User Equipment (UE), in Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN), all the resources can be allocated to reach all UEs. This prominent advantage together with the prevalent signal improvement make MBSFN a popular LTE and 5G evolution technique. In this paper, we focus on the LTE Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MB-SFN) technology from the perspective of the MBSFN area and its application in public safety networks (PSNs). Since the MBSFN area plays a pivotal role in performance improvement and public safety incidents differ in their scales, using our state-of-the-art system-level simulations, we explore performance distributions within MBSFN areas of different shapes and sizes, as well as the impacts of MBSFN area locations relative to the network. We show that the results can give an informative insight into the MBSFN area for in-coverage performance prediction/evaluation or out-of-coverage mobile base station deployments.
ASSESSMENT OF FREQUENCY OF ALLOIMMUNISATION AND ERYTHROCYTES IN THALASSAEMIA PATIENTS ADMITTED TO ALI ASGHAR CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL DURING 1994–2004

Background Life-long red blood transfusion remains the main treatment for severe thalassaemia. The development of haemolytic alloantibodies and erythrocyte autoantibodies complicated transfusion therapy in thalassaemia patients. Methods and Materials The frequency causes and prevention of this phenomenon among 80 transfused thalassaemia patients were evaluated in Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital during 1998–2004 (cross-sectional). Resut In our study the mean age at the initiation of transfusion was 1.7 years (SD 1.94) and mean interval of transfusion 33.73 day (SD 20.74). Autoimmunisation in 15 patients was positive, eight patients had haemolytic reaction in transfusion. Conclusion Our data show that alloimmunisation to minor erythrocyte antigens and erythrocyte autoimmunisation of variable clinical significance are frequent findings in transfused thalassaemia patients. However, data suggest that the prevalence of immunisation in our patients is less than in other Asian countries.
Sharing Sensitive Information: A Hidden Profile Employee Selection Exercise:

Employee selection and group decision-making skills are critical for ensuring hiring is valid, meets organizational goals, and considers ethical and legal limitations. This exercise has participant...
ReviewFragrance material review on anisyl formate

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of anisyl formate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Anisyl formate is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohol Simple Acid Esters (AAASAE). The AAASAE fragrance ingredients are prepared by reacting an aryl alkyl alcohol with a simple carboxylic acid (a chain of 1–4 carbons) to generate formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and carbonate esters. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for anisyl formate were evaluated, then summarized, and includes: physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, and skin sensitization data. A safety assessment of the entire AAASAE will be published simultaneously with this document. Please refer to Belsito et al. (2012) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all AAASAE in fragrances. Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Hanifin, J.H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., 2012. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid esters when used as fragrance ingredients.
The phenomenological cornucopia of SU(3) exotica

We introduce an effort to catalog the gauge-invariant interactions of Standard Model (SM) particles and new fields in a variety of representations of the SM color gauge group $\text{SU}(3)_{\text{c}}$. In this first installment, we direct this effort toward fields in the six-dimensional (sextet, $\boldsymbol{6}$) representation. We consider effective operators of mass dimension up to seven (comprehensively up to dimension six), featuring both scalar and fermionic color sextets. We use an iterative tensor-product method to identify the color invariants underpinning such operators, emphasizing structures that have received little attention to date. In order to demonstrate the utility of our approach, we study a simple but novel model of color-sextet fields at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We compute cross sections for an array of new production channels enabled by our operators, including single-sextet production and sextet production in association with photons or leptons. We also discuss dijet-resonance constraints on a sextet fermion. This example shows that there remains a wide array of fairly minimal but well motivated and unexplored models with extended strong sectors as we await the high-luminosity LHC.
Too Much of a Good Thing? Frequent Flyers and the Implications for the Coproduction of Public Service Delivery

The attention on coproduction and specifically technology-enabled coproduction has grown substantially. This attention had provided findings that highlight the benefits for citizens and governments. Previous research on technologically-enabled coproduction (Internet, smartphones, and centralized non-emergency municipal call centers), show that these technologies have brought coproduction within reach of citizens (Meijer 2011; Kim and Lee 2012; Norris and Reddick 2013; Clark, Brudney, and Jang 2013; Linders 2012; Clark et al. 2016; Clark and Shurik 2016) and have the potential to improve perceptions of government performance (Clark and Shurik 2016). The advent of technologically-enabled coproduction has also made it possible for some residents to participate at levels not previously possible. These high volume coproducers, now known as “frequent flyers,” have the potential to become pseudo-bureaucrats. This chapter seeks to understand if we need to be concerned about this development. Additionally, we seek to understand what individual & neighborhood characteristics affect the intensity of coproduction of public services and if there are diffusion effects of frequent flyers. To address these questions, we use surveys of San Francisco, California, residents conducted in 2011, 2013, and 2015. Our results suggest that the frequent flyers are largely representative of their communities. Our study finds some evidence that racial and ethnic minorities might be more likely to be a part of this group than the white majority. And perhaps most interestingly we find that neighbors appear to be learning from one another — the more frequent flyers that live in a neighborhood, the more likely it is that you are going to be a frequent flyer.
Humor and the Omniscient God

In this paper, we show that God is portrayed in the Hebrew Bible and in the Rabbinic literature – the very Hebrew texts that influenced Judaism and Christianity – as One who can be argued with. He even changes his mind. There is something funny about the thought of arguing or disagreeing with an omniscient God, but a number of Biblical characters do just that. God is omniscient, but He enjoys a good argument. Perhaps this is why Judaism has developed an almost unique approach to the relationship between man and God; to some degree Christianity has taken on this approach as well. This warm attitude vis-a-vis God has had a profound effect on Jewish (and Christian) humor and Jewish literature, even to this day. Does God have a sense of humor? If God is omniscient, why does he ever lose an argument? Why does He change His mind? Once we realize that God can accept teasing, arguing, disputes, criticism and – even – lawsuits, then, all the more so, we mortals should learn to live with other people who don’t always do or believe what we would like.
Role of Preformulation in Development of Solid Dosage Forms

Preformulation testing has a significant role in a drug discovery and development program, as it provides valuable feedback to the various discovery and development teams in enabling druggability during lead identification and optimization. In a generic setting, preformulation studies are mainly focused on developing a formulation that is bioequivalent to the innovator's product with the main objective of filing an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA). This article focuses on preformulation testing for oral solid dosage forms in a drug discovery setting. Keywords: preformulation testing; abbreviated new drug application (ANDA); drug discovery; oral solid dosage forms
PROGRESS IN DOCUMENTATION: WISE: A WORLD INFORMATION SYNTHESIS AND ENCYCLOPAEDIA

In 1936, when H. G. Wells presented his proposal for a ‘World Encyclopaedia’ to the Royal Institution, an action‐oriented response commensurate with the magnitude of his idea did not ensue. ‘It is a super university I am thinking of, a world brain; no less’, he said. The speech was printed in an obscure book titled World Brain, which is now out of print and hardly ever cited or discussed where it should be.
Situational Interest of Fourth-Grade Children in Music at School:

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of common elementary music class activities that elicit situational interest, the short-term interest that emerges spontaneously in lea...
Multi-talented DEAD-box proteins and potential tumor promoters: p68 RNA helicase (DDX5) and its paralog, p72 RNA helicase (DDX17)

P68 (DDX5) and p72 (DDX17) are members of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family. They can unwind double-stranded RNA and also contribute to the remodeling of ribonucleoprotein complexes. These activities of p68/p72 are required for efficient RNA splicing and microRNA processing. In addition, p68/p72 perform functions that are independent of their enzymatic activity. This is especially common to their role in gene regulation, where p68/p72 coactivate various transcription factors, including the tumor suppressor p53, estrogen receptor alpha and beta-catenin. P68/p72 are posttranslationally modified by SUMO attachment and phosphorylation that regulate their coactivation potential, binding to known interactants or protein stability. Knock-out mouse models revealed that both DDX5 and DDX17 are essential genes during development. Furthermore, together with their ability to stimulate cell proliferation and prevent apoptosis, the reported overexpression of p68/p72 in three of the major human cancers (colon, breast, prostate) strongly suggests that p68/p72 promote tumorigenesis and might even represent proto-oncoproteins. If so, their inhibition holds promise as a novel way to contain or cure various carcinomas.
The Association Between HIV Status and Homelessness Among Veterans in Care

Veterans seeking care in the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VA) are more vulnerable to HIV infection and homelessness. However, there is little scholarship on the association between serostatus and homelessness among VA veterans. We examined this association in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, a sample of 6,819 HIV-positive and HIV-negative veterans attending 8 VAs across the country. We utilized logistic models regressing shelter use in the last month on correlates. HIV and homelessness prevalence was higher than in general veteran populations. Being HIV-positive was protective against homelessness. Substance use, hazardous alcohol use, depression, schizophrenia, and being African American and male increased risk of homelessness. HIV-positive status reduced the homelessness risk posed by substance use, especially among African American substance users. However, women veterans with HIV were at higher risk of homelessness than noninfected women veterans. Implications for policies on veteran homelessness and housing for people with HIV are discussed.