cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When perfectionism is coupled with low achievement: The effects on academic engagement and help seeking in middle school

Abstract With a sample of 169 middle school students, the current study examined how two dimensions of perfectionism (i.e., personal standards [PS] and concern over mistakes [COM]) are related to academic engagement and help seeking behavior among peers in math classes. After controlling for gender and math achievement, COM was unrelated to most outcome variables but was positively related to avoidance of help seeking. This pattern was stronger among students with low PS. While PS was related to a desirable pattern of engagement (i.e., higher behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, and adaptive help seeking among peers), this was not the case for low-achieving students. Although modest in magnitude, the significant interactions suggested that PS did not buffer low-achieving students against expedient help seeking and disruptive behaviors.
Foreign Affairs Analysis: Some Thoughts on Expanding Competence

The 20 departments and agencies of the federal government which, under the leadership of the State Department, participate in the Foreign Area Research Coordination Group.' -The $41 million dollars these agencies obligated in FY-1967 for foreign affairs research to be done on a contract or grant basis.2 -The variety of analyses made inside government in departments and agencies spread all around Washington and environs.3 -The 191 major centers associated with American universities in which foreign affairs research, rather than teaching, is the pri-
A Characterization Study of Flip Chip Ball Grid Array (FCBGA) Dynamic Response and Performance on Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Board Application

This paper outlines and discusses the new mechanical characterization metrology applied on PCI board. The dynamic responses of PCI board were monitored and characterized using accelerometers and strain gauges. PCI board bend modes were analyzed to differentiate high risk areas through analysis of board strain responses to solder joint crack performance. Key influences, such as thermal/mechanical enabling preload masses and profiled shock on solder joint crack severity were also conducted to understand the potential SJR performance risk modulators. Commercial simulation software analysis tool was applied to correlate and predict the board’s bend modes; providing key information for product enabling solutions design. With this new characterization and validation concept, a practical stiffener solution for PCI application was designed to improve board SJR performance in its application condition.© 2005 ASME
Measures of asthma control.

Purpose of review Over the past decade, the concept of asthma control as distinct from asthma severity has been clearly defined. Well controlled asthma is the goal of therapy in all asthma patients. This review is a comprehensive description of the tools currently available for a methodical assessment of different aspects of asthma control in clinical practice and research. Recent findings Several questionnaires for assessing asthma control have been extensively validated in adults. In children, validation data are less extensive. Considerable overlap exists between asthma control measures and measures of asthma-specific quality of life. Asthma-specific quality-of-life questionnaires have been used as primary outcome measures in major clinical trials evaluating asthma therapy. Biomarkers that reflect eosinophilic inflammation of the airways are used as intermediate outcome measures to reflect the biological basis of asthma control. There is some controversy, however, over which biomarkers are best incorporated into therapeutic algorithms that attempt to achieve maximal asthma control while minimizing treatment intensity. Summary In designing clinical studies to evaluate different asthma therapies, researchers will find this review to be a useful resource in terms of choosing the appropriate tool for assessing asthma control. This is also a valuable resource for a methodical assessment of response to asthma therapy in routine clinical care.
Investigation and analysis on pesticide residues in dried domestic fungus sold in market

Objective To understand the situation of pesticide residues in dried domestic fungus sold in market. Methods The samples of dried domestic fungus were collected from supermarkets, wholesale markets, food stores and farmer markets. Gas chromatography was chosen to detect pesticides, including organic phosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid. Results Pesticide residues in 39 dried domestic funguses of 180 were found, and the detectable rate was 21.67%. Three pesticides with high detectable rates were methomyl(5.99%), fenobucarb(4.79%) and fenpropathrin(4.79%). The detectable rate of samples collected from farmer market is higher than others. Conclusion There is certain degree of residual pesticide pollution in dried domestic fungus sold in market.
Novel Biobased Polymers for Coating Applications

Prior to the ample supply of low cost petrochemicals, plant oils were used extensively as binders for paints and coatings. The utility of plant oil triglycerides as coating binders stems from the unsaturated fatty acid esters that provide a means to crosslink the liquid plant oil into an insoluble film by simply exposing the thin film of oil to the atmosphere. The crosslinking mechanism is a complex free-radical process, referred to as autoxidation, and involves abstraction of bis-allylic hydrogen atoms by singlet oxygen present in the atmosphere [1-4]. Since the concentration of bis-allylic hydrogens is critical to the autoxidation process, only plant oils with relatively high levels of linoleic and linolenic fatty acid esters are useful, such as linseed, tung, poppy seed and walnut oil. Plant oils such as these are referred to as ‘drying oils.’ Soybean oil (SBO), which is the plant oil currently produced in the highest volume in North America, is referred to as ‘semidrying’ since it is capable of autoxidising to a cured film, but the time required to do so is too long to be useful for paints and coatings. Corresponding author: Dr Bret J. Chisholm NDSU Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering bret.chisholm@ndsu.edu An alternative to alkyds
Methods for dielectric measurements of fluids

The purpose of this paper is to describe some recently developed techniques which have been found useful for dielectric measurements, primarily of liquids and gases.
Nuclear energy and the ballot

Nuclear decisions were first made at the Federal level, but as development increased nuclear energy's visibility, policy decisions have spread into a larger arena. The reason nuclear initiatives were defeated in several states last year, according to the anti-nuclear forces, was due to the heavy campagin financing by nuclear proponents; however, nationwide polling has indicated no serious qualms about nuclear energy. A shift in the battlegrounds can be expected until all avenues have been tried at local and state levels. The broadened controversy not only serves as a whole vehicle for disseminating information and motivating citizen response, but it requires independent judgment for all levels of representatives and may lead to more independent safety assessments. Prolonged court battles are predicted unless regulatory jurisdictions are clearly defined through legislation. A strong minority influence can be expected to continue (in spite of the overwhelming election defect) to demand a full public debate. (DCK)
Sensor-Based Balance Measures Outperform Modified Balance Error Scoring System in Identifying Acute Concussion

Balance assessment is an integral component of concussion evaluation and management. Although the modified balance error scoring system (mBESS) is the conventional clinical tool, objective metrics derived from wearable inertial sensors during the mBESS may increase sensitivity in detecting subtle balance deficits post-concussion. The aim of this study was to identify which stance condition and postural sway metrics obtained from an inertial sensor placed on the lumbar spine during the mBESS best discriminate athletes with acute concussion. Fifty-two college athletes in the acute phase of concussion and seventy-six controls participated in this study. Inertial sensor-based measures objectively detected group differences in the acutely concussed group of athletes while the clinical mBESS did not (p < 0.001 and p = 0.06, respectively). Mediolateral postural sway during the simplest condition of the mBESS (double stance) best classified those with acute concussion. Inertial sensors provided a sensitive and objective measure of balance in acute concussion. These results may be developed into practical guidelines to improve and simplify postural sway analysis post-concussion.
NH3-SCR of NO over one-pot Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst: Performance enhancement by doping Fe and MnCe and insight into N2O formation

Abstract One-pot synthesized Cu-SAPO-34 was prepared. Fe and MnCe (at Mn/Ce = 3/7) species were doped on the Cu-SPAO-34 samples by incipient wetness impregnation. The introduction of Fe and MnCe using incipient wetness impregnation enhanced the ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity and resulted in the best SCR performance for meeting diesel engine emission control requirement. The 1%Fe/1%MnCe/3.86%Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst showed higher hydrothermal stability than 1%Fe/1%MnCe/Cu-SSZ-13. It also exhibited higher SO2 resistance and wider temperature window, and yielded less N2O product. N2O formation was systematically investigated to study the mechanism. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD. The addition of Fe and MnCe increased Lewis acidity, which was beneficial to SCR activity. The lower oxidation state Fe species (Fe2+) was also responsible for the enhanced SCR activities.
Abstract 282: Aromatic Residue-based Tetrapeptide Fqqi Motif Mediates Internalization and Trafficking of Guanylyl-cyclase/natriuretic Peptide Receptor-a in Mouse Mesangial Cells

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone that modulates blood pressure and blood volume by activation of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) and subsequent generation of intracellular second messenger cGMP. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of small sequence motifs in the internalization and trafficking pathway of NPRA by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. A chimeric protein of enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) and NPRA (eGFP-NPRA) was used to study the dynamics of NPRA trafficking in the intact mouse mesangial cells (MMCs). We have identified a FQQI (Phe 790 , Gln 791 , Gln 792 and Ile 793 ) motif in the carboxyl-terminal domain of NPRA sequence and mutated with alanine residues (FQQI/AQQA) using QuickChange II site-directed mutagenesis kit. Cells were transiently transfected with mutated and wild-type constructs and cultured at 37 0 C in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 and 95% O 2 . In the ANP-treated cells, colocalization of wild-type eGFP-NPRA with pan-Cadherin, a plasma membrane marker, indicated that internalization of receptor accounted for 59.2%±3.4, 70.0%±4.3, 71.8%±4.3, and 77.4%±3.2 at 5, 10, 15, and 30 min, respectively of total fluorescence intensity compared with controls. Colocalization of eGFP-NPRA with early endosome antigen-1 (EEA-1) marker was maximum at 5 min (64.5%±2.3), and gradually decreased at 30 min (24.4%±3.8). However, the mutation of FQQI/AQQA decreased the receptor internalization by 45% ( P 0.001) and the receptor colocalization in to endosome by 58% ( P
What's the harm? Alcohol and marijuana use and perceived risks of unprotected sex among adolescents and young adults

Abstract The link between substance use and risky sexual behavior, particularly unprotected sex, among adolescents and young adults has been well established in the literature; however, less is known regarding how different patterns and types of substance use differentially relate to unprotected sex and perceived risks of unprotected sex. The current study examined perceived risks and unprotected sex among adolescents and young adults, and examined whether marijuana use, alcohol use, and dual marijuana and alcohol use were differentially linked to unprotected sex and perceived risks of unprotected sex. Method A sample of N = 144 adolescents and young adults (Mage = 18.77, SDage = 3.4, range: 12–25) completed self-report questionnaires regarding past month substance use, unprotected sex, and perceived risks of having unprotected sex. Results In a hierarchical logistic regression, only alcohol use was related to having unprotected sex at last intercourse (b = 0.25, p Conclusion While dual marijuana and alcohol use was related to lower perceived risk of unprotected sex, only alcohol use only was associated with a higher likelihood of unprotected sex.
The Kingdom of Spain ( Rieno de España )

Spain is located in the southwestern region of Europe on the Iberian Peninsula and resides between the countries Portugal and France. The official name of Spain is the Kingdom of Spain or Reino de Espana.1 Spain’s population density is lower than the majority of European countries, although it is one of the larger countries in terms of size.2 Over 40 million people are estimated to reside within the country. Spain’s population consists of both Mediterranean and Nordic-type ethnic groups, more specifically Basques, Catalans, and Galicians. The official language of the country is Spanish, in which 74% of the population speaks it fluently as their first language; however, Catalan, Galician, and Basque are also spoken.
Development of a MODIS data based algorithm for retrieving nearshore sea surface salinity along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast

Remote sensing algorithms for retrieval of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) were generally developed for deep ocean waters while practical applications of SSS are commonly involved in coastal (particular...
Next Time, Save Mushrooms for the Pizza!

Mann et al. (2018) use recombinant human tyrosinase to screen for novel inhibitors of pigmentation. They develop thiamidol, a new thiazolyl-resorcinol derivative, that is a submicromolar tyrosinase inhibitor and effective for treating solar lentigines. Thiamidol and established inhibitors of pigmentation exhibit substantially different activities on human and mushroom tyrosinase, supporting use of the human enzyme in high-throughput screens.
Endogenous Cardioprotective Strategies

The field of cardioprotection to reduce reperfusion injury has been characterized by a plethora of experimental studies with multiple pharmacological agents that have shown great promise in the laboratory, but have lacked clinical efficacy. This has led to diminishing enthusiasm for the translation of cardioprotection into clinical practice. In contrast, the field of endogenous cardiac protection is particularly appealing given that early clinical studies have documented feasibility and efficacy. Strategies for endogenous cardioprotection include ischemic preconditioning, ischemic postconditioning, and remote ischemic conditioning. However, the clinical trials performed to date have been small, used surrogate endpoints, and had strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Larger trials are needed that will allow assessment of the applicability to a wider patient population with prior infarcts, prior revascularization, reduced ejection fraction, history of congestive heart failure, use of multiple pharmacological agents, and presence of multiple coexisting diseases. Moreover, understanding the mechanisms for the apparent benefit may lead to the development of new drugs and molecules that could target the fundamental processes of ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Enhancement of Steering Feel of Electric Power Assist Steering System Using Modeling Reference Control

This paper presents a torque overlay control algorithm to improve the steering feel of an electric power assist steering system. A feedback control strategy is employed in which the proposed control algorithm utilizes a reference model to generate a target steering feel to be tracked. The proposed torque overlay control algorithm consists of three main components: reference model, rack force estimator, and tracking controller. A dynamic electric power assist steering (EPAS) model, which takes estimated rack force from a rack force estimator as input, is used as a reference model to produce a target steering feel. A sliding mode controller is used as a tracking controller to control the system output to follow the reference signal. The performance of the proposed control system is evaluated through simulation, which shows that the proposed control system is effective in enhancing the steering feel of electric power assist steering.
Toponyms on the Western and Southern Coasts of Africa

One of the areas on the Yale Martellus map that has elicited the greatest interest is the western and southern coasts of Africa, specifically the coastal place names. It seems likely that the Yale map, which is drawn at a larger scale than Martellus’s other world maps, would contain coastal place names that his other maps do not, place names from recent voyages down the coast of Africa that would shed light on his sources. There was no expectation that Martellus’s coastal African place names would have influenced Waldseemuller in making his 1507 map, for Fischer and von Wieser’s statement that Waldseemuller took his coastal African place names from Nicolo de Caverio’s chart of c. 1504 has been accepted without question. It would certainly be interesting to know whether there is a close correspondence between the coastal African place names on the Yale Martellus map and those on Martin Behaim’s globe of 1492.
Enabling Intra-Plane Parallel Block Erase in NAND Flash to Alleviate the Impact of Garbage Collection

Garbage collection (GC) in NAND flash can significantly decrease I/O performance in SSDs by copying valid data to other locations, thus blocking incoming I/O requests. To help improve performance, NAND flash utilizes various advanced commands to increase internal parallelism. Currently, these commands only parallelize operations across channels, chips, dies, and planes, neglecting the block level due to risk of disturbances that can compromise valid data by inducing errors. However, due to the triple-well structure of the NAND flash plane architecture, it is possible to erase multiple blocks within a plane, in parallel, without diminishing the integrity of the valid data. The number of page movements due to multiple block erases can be restrained so as to bound the overhead per GC. Moreover, more capacity can be reclaimed per GC which delays future GCs and effectively reduces their frequency. Such an Intra-Plane Parallel Block Erase (IPPBE) in turn diminishes the impact of GC on incoming requests, improving their response times. Experimental results show that IPPBE can reduce the time spent performing GC by up to 50.7% and 33.6% on average, read/write response time by up to 47.0%/45.4% and 16.5%/14.8% on average respectively, page movements by up to 52.2% and 26.6% on average, and blocks erased by up to 14.2% and 3.6% on average. An energy analysis conducted indicates that by reducing the number of page copies and the number of block erases, the energy cost of garbage collection can be reduced up to 44.1% and 19.3% on average.
CARDIOVASCULAR BENEFIT OF GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A META-ANALYSIS OF RECENT CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME TRIALS

Several studies have confirmed a higher diabetes-associated relative risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease in women compared to men. Recent CV outcome trials have demonstrated CV benefit of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However,
Inactivation of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli clinical and food isolates suspended in ground chicken meat by gamma radiation.

Abstract Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli are common contaminants in retail poultry and involved inflammatory bowel disease, urinary tract infections and meningitis in both animals and humans. They cause significantly more illnesses and deaths in humans than Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Ionizing radiation is used commercially for improving the safety and shelf-life of foods. In this study we inoculated ground chicken meat with 25 individual isolates of clinical uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and newborn meningitis causing E. coli (NMEC), isolates from retail chicken meat (CM), as well as retail chicken-skin isolates identified in our laboratory (CS). We then determined their gamma radiation inactivation kinetics (D10-value). The mean D10-value for all isolates (n = 25) was 0.30 kGy. The mean D10-value for the UPEC, NMEC, CM, and CS isolates were 0.25, 0.29, 0.29, and 0.39 kGy, respectively. The mean D10-value for the clinical isolates was 0.27 kGy vs. 0.34 kGy for the non-clinical isolates. There was no correlation between presence of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and radiation resistance. ExPEC were similar to that of STEC which were previously evaluated in our laboratory. The radiation doses needed to kill STEC poultry meat should also kill ExPEC.
Scleral and Conjunctival Hemorrhages Arising from a Gunshot Wound of the Chest: A Case Report

A young man committed suicide in the back seat of an automobile, witnessed by two law enforcement officers sitting in the front seat who had attempted to dissuade him from killing himself over an eight hour period. Death was caused by a contact gunshot wound of the anterior chest, which entered the midsternum and disrupted the anterior right atrium and ventricle of the heart, without involvement of either left ventricle or atrium. At the autopsy, bilateral fresh, confluent scleral and conjunctival sulcus hemorrhages were discovered, with no other evidence of facial or intracranial trauma. These hemorrhages are postulated to have arisen from a sudden pressure wave ascending through the superior vena cava, in a manner similar to the ocular findings associated with the retrograde venous blood flow that occurs during severe thoracic compression. These hemorrhages should not be mistaken for evidence that a decedent was beaten or otherwise involved in an assault episode.
What Explains Vietnam’s Exceptional Performance in Education Relative to Other Countries? Analysis of the 2012 and 2015 PISA Data

Despite being the poorest or second poorest participant, Vietnam performed much better than all other developing countries, and even ahead of wealthier countries such as the U.S. and the U.K., on the 2012 and 2015 PISA assessments. We provide a rigorous investigation of Vietnam's strong performance. After making various parametric and non-parametric corrections for potentially non-representative PISA samples, including bias due to Vietnam's large out-of-school population, Vietnam still remains a large positive outlier conditional on its income. Possible higher motivation of, and coaching given to, Vietnamese students only partly explains Vietnam's performance, and this is also the case for various observed household- and school-level variables. Finally, Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions indicate that the gap in average test scores between Vietnam and the other participating countries is due not to differences in students' and schools' observed characteristics, but instead to Vietnam's greater "productivity" of those characteristics.
High-Throughput Method for Measuring Alcohol Sedation Time of Individual Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model to study the genetic underpinnings of alcohol sensitivity. In contrast to studies in human populations, the Drosophila model allows strict control over genetic background, and virtually unlimited numbers of individuals of the same genotype can be reared rapidly under well-controlled environmental conditions without regulatory restrictions and at relatively low cost. Flies exposed to ethanol undergo physiological and behavioral changes that resemble human alcohol intoxication, including loss of postural control, sedation, and development of tolerance. Here, we describe a simple, low-cost, high-throughput assay for assessing alcohol sedation sensitivity in large numbers of single flies. The assay is based on video recording of single flies introduced without anesthesia in 24-well cell culture plates in a set-up that enables synchronous initiation of alcohol exposure. The system enables a single person to collect individual ethanol sedation data on as many as 2,000 flies within an 8 h work period. The assay can, in principle, be extended to assess the effects of exposure to any volatile substance and applied to measure effects of acute toxicity of volatiles on other insects, including other fly species.
Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD: A Case Study of a Transgender Male Co-Parenting With Former Spouse and Perpetrator of Domestic Violence

Abstract Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms have shown to contribute to intimate relationship discord (Taft et al., 2011). Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD (CBCT for PTSD; Monson & Fredman, 2012) is an evidence-based treatment for PTSD effective at significantly decreasing PTSD symptoms and increasing relationship satisfaction among dyads (Macdonald et al., 2016). To date, there has only been one case study examining the effectiveness of CBCT for PTSD with a sexual minority couple, (same-sex female couple) leaving uncertainty of the effectiveness of this treatment for other sexual minority couples. This case study examined a married couple’s response to treatment, in which the patient identified as a transgender male and his spouse identified as a cisgender female. The patient was diagnosed with PTSD per a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) total score of 45 (of a maximum of 80). On the CAPS-5, the patient reported a first sexual encounter rape at age 15, from his first marriage with his ex-husband, whom he was dating at the time, as his index trauma. Of note, the patient and his wife currently co-parent two children with the patient’s ex-husband, who perpetrated daily sexual assaults for years during their marriage. Pre-treatment relationship happiness for the couple was “a little unhappy” on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) Relationship Happiness Scale. Patient was also diagnosed with Dysthymia and responded well to continued Bupropion for depression. Following completion of the 15-session CBCT for PTSD protocol, the patient’s diagnosis of PTSD was determined to be in remission as evidenced by a post-treatment CAPS-5 total score of 7. At post-treatment the patient rated his relationship happiness as “happy” and his partner “very happy” on the DAS. The couple demonstrated clinically meaningful changes in areas of PTSD and relationship happiness. Functional improvements were also reported in the patient pursuing new employment and hobbies, improved co-parenting between the patient and his wife, improved sexual functioning, and decreased depression symptoms. Treatment gains were maintained at a 1-month and 3-month follow-up. These results demonstrate the effective use of CBCT for PTSD with a sexual minority couple that has continued co-parenting contact with a perpetrator of domestic violence.
Influence and comparison of contaminate partitioning on nanocrystalline stability in sputter-deposited and ball-milled Cu–Zr alloys

Ascertaining the mechanism(s) of nanocrystalline stability is a critical need in revealing how specific alloys retard grain growth. Often significant debate exists concerning such mechanisms, even in the same alloy. Here, we compare two processing methods—high-energy ball milling and thin film deposition—in the fabrication and subsequent two-step annealing (500 °C/24 h followed by a temperature ramp to 900 °C whereupon the sample was held for 1 min and quenched) for nanocrystalline Cu–Zr. Using precession electron diffraction (PED) and atom probe tomography (APT), the grain stability and secondary phase content was quantified. The milled powder sample revealed that the Zr solute was largely in an oxide/carbide state after milling with no significant change upon annealing. In contrast, the thin film sample showed nearly all elemental Zr upon deposition but significant oxidation after the vacuum anneal. The significant uptake of oxygen is contributed to the high surface area-to-volume ratio of the film coupled with columnar grains that were enriched in elemental Zr in the as-deposited state. Furthermore, upon sputter deposition, many of these boundaries were vitrified which was lost upon annealing. These glassy boundaries were not observed by PED of the powders. The consequence of when the solute reacts with contaminate species is discussed in relation to nanocrystalline and microstructural stability. The use of Zener pinning predicted grain sizes, based on the quantification of the secondary phase particulates measured by APT, are given to better ascertain their contribution to nanocrystalline stability.
On the exchange of intersection and supremum of σ-fields in filtering theory

We construct a stationary Markov process with trivial tail σ-field and a nondegenerate observation process such that the corresponding nonlinear filtering process is not uniquely ergodic. This settles in the negative a conjecture of the author in the ergodic theory of nonlinear filters arising from an erroneous proof in the classic paper of H. Kunita (1971), wherein an exchange of intersection and supremum of σ-fields is taken for granted.
Reconciling realities, adapting expectations, and reframing “success”: Adoptive parents respond to their children’s academic interests, challenges, and achievement

Abstract Adoptive parents are often well-educated, and potentially highly involved in children’s schooling. At the same time, adopted youth tend to struggle more academically than non-adopted youth. Amidst this reality, of interest is how adoptive parents perceive and make sense of their children’s academic performance, and form expectations for the future. This study of 63 parents in 33 families (11 lesbian mother, 11 gay father, 11 heterosexual parent) with school-aged children (mean age = 10) adopted via private domestic, public domestic, and international adoption, explores parents’ ideas about (a) children’s academic functioning, (b) the relative role of “nature” versus “nurture” in their abilities and challenges, and (c) children’s educational and vocational futures. Findings indicated a typology of parents: “inspired,” “pragmatic,” and “concerned.” “Inspired” parents described their children as bright and high-performing and were generally optimistic about their educational futures. Parents often acknowledged the positive contributions of birth family to, and downplayed their own role in, their children’s talents. “Pragmatic” parents described their children as academically average but bright, and as possessing learning or behavioral challenges. They acknowledged the role of birth family and genetics when describing their children’s aptitude, and also emphasized their own role in shaping and hopefully improving their children’s academic performance. “Concerned” parents had significant worries about children’s self-esteem and emotional/behavioral challenges, and these often outweighed academic concerns. Concerned parents tried to provide adequate supports to their children, but, unlike pragmatic parents, perceived an upper limit to how much school interventions could optimize their children’s abilities. Across the sample, as parents’ concerns about their children’s challenges increased, parents were less focused on academic success (e.g., college) and more on them living a happy, independent life. Some parents—especially male parents—struggled to adapt to or accept the reality that their own academic interests, orientation, and/or achievement were fairly different from those of their children. Results have implications for teachers and therapists who may need to help adoptive parents reconcile their perspectives on and experiences with school with those of their children.
Concepts of Space

Space, in the dictionary, is “a continuous area or expanse which is free, available, or unoccupied” and “the dimensions of height, depth, and width within which all things exist and move.” Those of us who are social scientists may recognize Henri Lefebvre's unitary theory of space in the dictionary definition, which seeks to capture physical, mental, and social “fields” constituting space: spatial practices, representations of space, and representational space (such as the opening and closing of airports, requiring that people queue for temperature scans, constructing stadiums and choosing names for them). If anything, the spread of coronavirus disease at the present moment draws the significance of space and tensions between different concepts of space to our immediate attention.
Oxidative Stress Culminates in Intracellular Bacteria Expulsion Via NRF2/KEAP1 Induction of RAB27B

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causing urinary tract infection (UTI), can persist within human bladder epithelial cells, but cells also have stepwise mechanisms to expel them. Here, we show that UPEC engaged TLR4/TRAF6, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating AMPK to increase autophagic flux. Autophagy caused degradation of p62 and its binding partner KEAP1. KEAP1 degradation freed NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) to upregulate ROS-buffering targets. Consequently, KEAP1-deficient cells showed: hyperactivated NRF2; reduced ROS; increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production; and, ultimately, UPEC expulsion. In contrast, NRF2-deficient cells and mice exhibited: increased ROS, cell death, and reduced UPEC expulsion. Finally, NRF2 bound and transcriptionally upregulated RAB27B expression. RAB27B increased in KEAP1-deficient and decreased in NRF1-deficient human cells in vitro; mouse bladders lacking NRF2 also had decreased RAB27B. Thus, ROS-mediated autophagy induction can shelter UPEC but also trigger their expulsion via RAB27B. The mechanisms described here might lead to new therapeutic targets against UTIs.
New Onset Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis.

There is an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among adolescents due to obesity. Diabetes can cause hypertriglyceridemia, defined as triglyceride (TG) levels above 150 mg/dl, leading to severe complications, including cardiovascular events, fatty liver disease, and acute pancreatitis. We present a case of acute pancreatitis manifested by both hypertriglyceridemia and new-onset DM. The risk of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTGP) significantly increases at triglyceride levels above 500 mg/dl. Both primary causes, including genetic disorders such as familial chylomicronemia, and secondary disorders of lipid metabolism, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, and pregnancy, could cause HTGP. The toxic levels of triglycerides that break into free fatty acids by pancreatic lipases are critical in pancreatitis pathogenesis. The lipotoxicity, in turn, causes systemic inflammation with further complications related to it. The clinical features of HTGP are similar to other pancreatitis causes, including abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Usually, patients with HTGP tend to have worse outcomes compared to other causes. Due to too high levels of triglycerides, the serum becomes milky and causes an alteration in serum electrolytes levels, including pseudo-hyponatremia. The recommended treatment for HTGP is plasma apheresis as well as IV insulin infusion, and heparin, specifically for less worrisome patients. IV insulin potentially avoids the interventional complexities of apheresis. The usual treatment goal is to reduce the triglycerides to a safe level, and then further management is tailored to lifestyle modification and oral lipid reducing agents. Our case report explains how well insulin works in stable patients with severe pancreatitis and thus prevents associated morbidity and mortality.
Fear Avoidance Beliefs Are Associated With Perceived Disability in Persons With Vestibular Disorders.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the association between fear-avoidance beliefs and disability in 3 months in people with vestibular disorders while accounting for demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS This prospective cohort study included people aged 18 to 100 years who reported dizziness. Participants were recruited from a balance disorders clinic and outpatient physical therapy clinics. All participants completed the Vestibular Activities Avoidance Instrument (VAAI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at baseline and the Vestibular Activities and Participation measure (VAP), dizziness Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and 12-item Short Form Health Questionnaire at baseline and 3-month follow-up. A modified version of the VAAI included 9 items abstracted from the 81-item VAAI. The relationships between 9-item VAAI scores and follow-up measures of disability were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Linear regression models were analyzed to determine the effect of fear-avoidance beliefs on follow-up VAP score while accounting for baseline outcome measures. RESULTS All participants (n = 404) completed the baseline assessment (mean age = 54 years), and 286 (71%) completed the 3-month assessment. The mean 9-item VAAI score was 25 (SD = 14) at baseline and was significantly associated with VAP (ρ = 0.54), 12-item Short Form Health Questionnaire component scores (ρ = -0.53; -0.44), and dizziness VAS at follow-up (ρ = 0.37). Approximately 38% of the variation in VAP score at follow-up was predicted by age, number of medications, 9-item VAAI score, dizziness VAS, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression score when considered together (R2 = 0.38). CONCLUSION Fear-avoidance beliefs are associated with measures of disability at 3 months and are predictive of activity limitations and participation restrictions at 3 months when controlling for age, medications, baseline dizziness, and depression symptom severity in people with vestibular disorders. IMPACT Measurement of fear-avoidance beliefs may provide important prognostic information, suggesting that an assessment of fear-avoidance beliefs could be used by clinicians to identify individuals at greater risk of disability after a vestibular disorder. LAY SUMMARY Fear-avoidance beliefs in people who have vestibular disorders are associated with disability at 3 months and predict limitations in daily activities at 3 months.
Multi-Scale Motion of Soft Continuum Robots using Tendons, Eccentric Rods, and a Cam

Continuum and soft robots may offer many advantages for use in miniature diagnostic and interventional surgical devices. Tendon-driven continuum manipulators are simple, robust, and can offer large ranges of curvature through actuation. However, obtaining precision motion at the distal end of a tendon-driven soft continuum manipulator while the robot traverses a tortuous or highly curved path remains a challenging task. We present the design concept and initial proof-of-concept prototype evaluation for a flexible, soft-skinned continuum robot that can exhibit both large-scale bending with tendons and precise motion through the rotation of cam-fitted Nitinol rods eccentric with respect to the axial centerline of the robot. We demonstrate experimentally that antagonistic pre-tension in the tendons allows the small-scale motion to be tailored to a specific axis if desired. Experimental results are demonstrated on a prototype which is 102 mm long and can generate 80° of total bending with the tendons and 6 mm of controlled end-effector motion using the cam rotation.
MobiWear: A Plausibly Deniable Encryption System for Wearable Mobile Devices

Mobile computing devices are widely used in our daily life. With their increased use, a large amount of sensitive data are collected, stored, and managed in the mobile devices. To protect sensitive data, encryption is often used but, traditional encryption is vulnerable to coercive attacks in which the device owner is coerced by the adversary to disclose the decryption key. To defend against the coercive attacks, Plausibly Deniable Encryption (PDE) has been designed which can allow the victim user to deny the existence of hidden sensitive data. The PDE systems have been explored broadly for smartphones. However, the PDE systems which are suitable for wearable mobile devices are still missing in the literature.
Large Pleural Effusion After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt, a Rare but Deadly Complication.

Cirrhosis affects more than 630,000 adults globally and can lead to development of ascites. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an alternative option for refractory ascites in patients who are ineligible or are waiting for liver transplants. However, this procedure can have serious complications. We present a case that highlights the development of a complex pleural effusion complicated by hemorrhagic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation after TIPS in a 54-year-old man. Our case is the first to report such a complication and aims to provide awareness.
The Locally-corrected Nyström Method: Progress and Challenges

The locally-corrected Nystrom method is a refinement of the classical Nystrom approach from the 1930s. It offers advantages over other approaches for high accuracy electromagnetic field computations. In this presentation we review the progress that has been made in applying the approach to realistic problems in electromagnetics and attempt to identify some of the current challenges in doing so.
Legitimizing and Resisting Spatial Violence in Southern Chile (1890s-1910s)

Objective/Context: This article analyzes how racialized understandings of geographic space underpinned the constitution of and resistance to violence in southern Chile in the late nineteenth and ea...
Reversible denaturation of human serum albumin by pH, temperature, and guanidine hydrochloride followed by optical rotation.

Abstract The pH-dependent transitions and the thermal unfolding of defatted human serum albumin in 0.2 m KCl as followed by polarimetry at 233 nm are found to be independent processes. The apparent net loss of structure (α helix) in the unfolding between pH 7 and 9 is 2.5%, in the N-F transformation it is 8% and in the acid expansion 1%. The two last mentioned transitions seem to be independent of each other. There is a temperature of maximum stability of the N stage in the N-F transformation at 18°. The thermal unfolding and the unfolding by guanidine hydrochloride at pH 2.6 both are continuous processes of apparently low cooperativity with no distinct intermediates. The temperature of maximum stability (Tmax) of human serum albumin is at all pH values below 0°, furthermore it is found to vary continuously with the concentration of guanidine hydrochloride, and in 0.2 m KCl at pH 2.6, Tmax can be extrapolated to -6°. From the transition profiles for thermal denaturation, the three dimensional structure of human serum albumin might be pictured to consist of segments of helical configuration with differential stabilities toward denaturation which impart the ability to unfold simultaneously, but more or less independently.
Glycerolphosphoinositide anchors for membrane-tethering proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the methodologies that are available for preparing engineered glycosylinositol phospholipid (GPI)-modified proteins. The surface of eukaryotic cells is composed of a lipid bilayer that is decorated with a variety of proteins. Most of these proteins are anchored in the plasma membrane by means of 18-22 sequential hydrophobic amino acid residues. Conventional type I (C-terminal anchored) and type II (N-terminal anchored) transmembrane proteins are attached by a single hydrophobic domain. For some proteins (e.g., tetraspans, G proteins, ATP-binding complex proteins), multiple internal noncontiguous stretches of hydrophobic amino acids causes proteins to span the cell membrane several times. Some proteins are anchored by lipid moieties added as a posttranslational modification. The property of GPI-anchored proteins that endows them with the ability to mediate extracellular functions, despite their restricted localization on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, is that they are non-randomly associated in the membrane in microdomains.
Are Financial Crises Indeed “Crises?” Evidence from the Emerging ADR Market

The recent episodes of financial turmoil in Mexico, East Asia, Russia, Brazil, and Argentina are often dubbed financial crises. However, the severe downturns in equity markets, abrupt currency devaluations, and massive capital flight that characterize these events can still be deemed compatible with efficient and functioning financial markets. Thus, why is a financial crisis a "crisis?" To answer this question, we conduct an empirical investigation of the efficiency and pricing of the emerging ADR market. More specifically, using a non-parametric technique, we test for regime shifts in two basic structural relationships for ADR returns in 20 emerging countries, identified via arbitrage and capital mobility considerations. We find that "normal" market conditions were violated in proximity of financial crises: The law of one price often ceased to hold, and domestic sources of risk became more important for many depositary receipts in our sample. We also find that some popular explanations for the occurrence of financial crises in emerging economies, in particular uncertainty among investors, exchange rate volatility, economic integration, and liquidity (but not financial integration, currency devaluations, or capital flight) made their equity markets less efficient as well. Based on this evidence, we can state with greater confidence that those episodes of financial turmoil were indeed "crises."
International Mediation—A Better Alternative for the Resolution of Commercial Disputes: Guidelines for a U.S. Negotiator Involved in an International Commercial Mediation with Mexicans

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Biosynthesis of Cyclopropane Compounds VIII. THE CONVERSION OF OLEATE TO DIHYDROSTERCULATE

Abstract Oleic acid was converted to dihydrosterculic acid (9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid) by Lactobacillus arabinosus cells. This was established by the mass spectra of branched chain esters formed by reductive opening of the cyclopropane ring of the corresponding cyclopropane fatty esters. The mass spectra allowed unambiguous assignment of the ring location to position 9,10. Oleic acid-9,10-d2 was converted to a dideuterated cyclopropane acid by L. arabinosus. This finding rules out intermediates in cyclopropane ring formation which have double bonds at carbon atom 9 or 10 after the extra carbon has been added, e.g. a 9,10-cyclopropene compound, 9- or 10-methylene compounds, or 9,10-olefins with a branched methyl group at position 9 or 10.
Validation and Evaluation

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Data Checking Validation of Learning Algorithm Evaluation of Performance Summary This chapter contains sections titled: Exercises References