cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed Detection of Information Flows with Side-Information

Distributed detection of information flows by timing analysis is considered. Timing measurements are subject to perturbations and the insertion of chaff noise. Moreover, communications among distributed traffic sensors are subject to capacity constraints. With the assumption that the detector is co- located at a point of measurement, the problem is formulated as a distributed hypothesis testing with side-information. The main challenge is that there is no parametric model for the relaying of information flows. Under the assumption that the relaying of flows is subject to bounded delays, distributed detection systems are designed by converting a centralized detector to distributed detectors under slot-based quantization. The proposed systems are evaluated both theoretically and numerically by the proposed performance measure as a function of the capacity in data collection. Numerical evaluation shows that separately designing data compression and detection modules can achieve satisfactory overall performance.
First results in autonomous landing and obstacle avoidance by a full-scale helicopter

Currently deployed unmanned rotorcraft rely on carefully preplanned missions and operate from prepared sites and thus avoid the need to perceive and react to the environment. Here we consider the problems of finding suitable but previously unmapped landing sites given general coordinates of the goal and planning collision free trajectories in real time to land at the “optimal” site. This requires accurate mapping, fast landing zone evaluation algorithms, and motion planning. We report here on the sensing, perception and motion planning integrated onto a full-scale helicopter that flies completely autonomously. We show results from 8 experiments for landing site selection and 5 runs at obstacles. These experiments have demonstrated the first autonomous full-scale helicopter that successfully selects its own landing sites and avoids obstacles.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CLOUD COMPONENTS FROM SELECTED TROPICAL FRUITS

The composition and characteristics of insoluble fruit matter (IFM) and alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) from banana, mango and orange were evaluated. The galacturonic acid content was significantly higher for mango and orange pectin (6.0%) compared to banana (5%). The degrees of esterification of pectin in AIS were 78 ± 5, 85 ± 6 and 85 ± 2 for mango, orange and banana, respectively. Proteins in the fruit pulps were of low molecular weight (<100,000 Da). The relative proportions of the amino acids in the AIS and IFM were similar, with predominant aspartic acid and low methionine and tyrosine contents. Phenolic compounds were highest in banana pulp (138 ± 2 mg gallic acid equivalent/L = mg GA/L) compared to 102 ± 8 mg GA/L for orange. Phenolic compounds were about 10-fold less (15 ± 2 mg GA/L) in mango. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This work has applications to the development of natural clouding agents for juices, juice-added beverages and protein-fortified beverages. The chemical analysis provides fundamental information on the potential for stable protein interactions from banana and mango, tropical fruits that are desirable in beverages. Further, the research enhances the potential for value-added processing of these fruits.
On the complexity of radicals in noncommutative rings

This article expands upon the recent work by Downey et al. (2007) [3], who classified the complexity of the nilradical and Jacobson radical of commutative rings in terms of the arithmetical hierarchy. Let R be a computable (not necessarily commutative) ring with identity. Then it follows from the definitions that the prime radical of R is Π11, and the Levitzki radical of R is Π20. We show that these upper bounds for the complexity of the prime and Levitzki radicals are optimal by constructing two noncommutative computable rings with identity, such that the prime radical of one is Π11-complete, while the Levitzki radical of the other is Π20-complete.
THE NASA SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TRAINING PROGRAM

NASA has instituted a Systems Engineering Training Program as part of its Program and Project Management Training Initiative (PPMI). The PPMI has several elements, including Project Management, Program Control, Human Development and Systems Engineering. PPMI also includes special training such as Source Evaluation Boards, SRM&QA, TQM, and Program/Project Management shared experience workshops. The Systems Engineering Training Program develops and delivers systems engineering courses NASA-wide. In addition, the program includes an intercenter working group which holds monthly videocons to exchange information on system engineering techniques and practices NASA-wide. A NASA Systems Engineering Handbook is being developed which will: Represent a basic NASA-tailored systems engineering process. Provide reference pointers to material on systems engineering techniques, technologies and practices. Provide documentation of material which will be used in the courses offered by NASA.
LLNL superconducting magnets test facility

The FENIX facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was upgraded and refurbished in 1996-1998 for testing CICC superconducting magnets. The FENIX facility was used for superconducting high current, short sample tests for fusion programs in the late 1980s-early 1990s. The new facility includes a 4-m diameter vacuum vessel, two refrigerators, a 40 kA, 42 V computer controlled power supply, a new switchyard with a dump resistor, a new helium distribution valve box, several sets of power leads, data acquisition system and other auxiliary systems, which provide a lot of flexibility in testing of a wide variety of superconducting magnets in a wide range of parameters. The detailed parameters and capabilities of this test facility and its systems are described in the paper.
Hepatic phase I and phase II biotransformations in quail and trout: Comparison to other species commonly used in toxicity testing

The ability of quail and trout to perform a number of representative phase I and phase II biotransformations was examined. To facilitate interspecies comparisons, metabolism of the same substrates was examined simultaneously under uniform conditions for rat, mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, cat, and dog. Both nonmammalian species can metabolize four representative substrates of phase I mixed-function oxidases and one substrate of epoxide hydrolase, though activity tended to be lower than that of the mammals. Important differences in the conjugative pathways were also noted. Among these differences were the quail's relative deficiency in glutathione conjugation and the trout's low ability to conjugate sulfate compounds. Trout liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity was remarkably high toward testosterone and bilirubin, while quail liver formed glucuronides of naphthol, p-nitrophenol, and digitoxigenin-monodigitoxoside. Also noteworthy was the high N-acetyltransferase activity of both quail and trout toward isoniazid, β-naphthylamine, and 2-aminofluorene. Differences in substrate specificity for a given enzymatic pathway may be an indication that multiple forms of drug metabolizing systems also occur in these nonmammalian species. Observation of several hundred- or even thousand-fold differences between species in their enzyme activities for certain substrates under uniform conditions reemphasizes the need for caution in extrapolation of xenobiotic metabolism from one species to another.
Microwave Spectra of Four New Perfluoromethyl Polyyne Chains: Trifluoropentadiyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮CH, Trifluoroheptatriyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮CC⋮CH, Tetrafluoropentadiyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮CF, and Trifluoromethylcyanoacetylene, CF3C⋮CC⋮N

Four fluoromethyl polyynes, 5,5,5-trifluoro-1,3-pentadiyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮CH, 7,7,7-trifluoro-1,3,5-heptatriyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮CC⋮CH, 1,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-1,3-pentadiyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮CF, and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-nitrile-2-butyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮N, were studied by pulsed-jet Fabry Perot Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The molecules were produced by pulsed high voltage discharges of dilute mixtures of precursor gases such as trifluoropropyne in an argon carrier pulsed jet. The carbon-13 and deuterium substituted isotopomers of trifluoropentadiyne were studied, and the molecular structure was determined.
Varieties of rhodopsin in frog rod outer segment membranes: analysis by isoelectric focusing.

Abstract Purified ROS membranes from cattle, R. pipiens and R. catesbeiana adults and tadpoles were investigated by analytical and preparative isoelectric focusing and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rhodopsin from single specimens of R. pipiens displayed two closely-spaced bands with M, at 34.7 and 37.0 k on SDS polyacrylamide gels. Both were found to be phosphorylated when prepared from retinas incubated with32Pi and then exposed to light. When purified ROS membranes were solubilized in octyl glucoside and examined by isoelectric focusing followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the low-Mr component focused in two bands (I, IIa) at pH 8.8 and 8.1. Band I and a trace amount of band IIa were observed if band I was eluted and refocused. The high-Mr component focused in one band (IIb) at pH 8.O. Identical isoelectric focusing patterns were observed with ROS membranes from R. catesbeiana tadpoles and the dorsal and ventral retina areas from R. catesbeiana adults. Bovine rhodopsin, on the other hand, had a single Mr component and focused in a major band at pH 6.2.
Taurine flux in chicken erythrocytes.

Abstract 1. 1. The intracellular taurine concentration in chick erythrocytes increased with age. 2. 2. Erythrocyte taurine influx and efflux rates increased with age. 3. 3. Erythrocyte taurine influx decreased when the extracellular sodium concentration was below normal physiological concentrations. 4. 4. Under hypo-osmotic conditions, taurine efflux from erythrocytes increased. 5. 5. The data suggest that chick erythrocyte taurine metabolism changes during early post-hatch development and that one taurine function may be as an osmoregulator.
Isolation of sarcoplasmic reticulum by zonal centrifugation and purification of Ca2+-pump and Ca2+-binding proteins

Abstract A procedure for the isolation of highly purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from rabbit skeletal muscle has been described using sucrose gradient centrifugation in zonal rotors. The yield of our purest fraction was 300 mg of sarcoplasmic reticulum protein using 1 kg muscle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were relatively simple in composition. The Ca 2+ -pump protein accounted for most (approx. two-thirds) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum protein. Two other protein components, a Ca 2+ -binding protein and a M 55 protein (approx. 55 000 daltons) each accounted for about 5–10% of the protein. Enrichment in the level of phosphoenzyme by the Ca 2+ -pump protein was regarded as an important index of the purification of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were capable of forming 6.4 nmoles of 32 P-labelled phosphoenzyme per mg protein and had a high capacity of energized Ca 2+ uptake. The Ca 2+ -dependent formation of phosphoenzyme has been used to estimate the sarcoplasmic reticulum protein content in rabbit skeletal muscle and found to be about 2.5% of the total muscle protein. The Ca 2+ -pump and Ca 2+ -binding proteins were isolated with a purity of 90% or more by treating the purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with bile acids in the presence of salt. The solubilized Ca 2+ -pump protein reaggregated during dialysis together with phospholipid to form membranous vesicles which were capable of forming approx. 9 nmoles 32 P-labelled phosphoenzyme per mg protein. The Ca 2+ -binding protein was water soluble and contained a high percentage of acidic amino acids (35% of total residues). Ca 2+ binding by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and by the Ca 2+ -pump and Ca 2+ -binding proteins was studied by equilibrium dialysis. Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and Ca 2+ -pump protein contained nonspecific high-affinity Ca 2+ binding sites with a capacity of 90–100 and 55–70 nmoles Ca 2+ per mg protein, respectively. Both of them specifically bound 10–15 nmoles Ca 2+ per mg protein. The binding constants for nonspecific and specific Ca 2+ binding by both preparations were approx. 1 μM −1 . The Ca 2+ -binding protein nonspecifically bound 900–1000 nmoles Ca 2+ per mg protein with a binding constant of about 0.25 μM −1 .
Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey, 1880): a potential model species for molecular carcinogenesis and ecotoxicogenomics

Kryptolebias marmoratus (Rivulus marmoratus till 2004, order Cyprinodontoformes; family Rivulidae) is the only known self-fertilizing hermaphrodite vertebrate. Because of this uniqueness, there has been great interest in its biology, physiology, developmental biology and genomics along with other basic and applied areas of environmental genomics and molecular carcinogenesis. In laboratory studies, K. marmoratus has shown susceptibility to a number of xenobiotics including carcinogens. Toxicologists are interested in the mechanisms of action of environmental chemicals of contemporary interest such as endocrine disruptors and may consider this as a suitable fish model for the study of chemically induced carcinogenesis. Single short-term exposure to model chemical carcinogens is sufficient to induce tumourigenesis in K. marmoratus in a relatively short time span. In recent years, considerable data have been generated about gene sequences of K. marmoratus. Laboratory maintenance of K. marmoratus is relatively easy. Gene bank data are readily available, though not as extensive as for zebrafish Danio rerio or Japanese madaka Oryzias latipes. The expressed sequence tag (EST) data, differential display real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Gene Sequencer 20™ sequencing data have recently been helpful in understanding the genomics and proteomics of this species. Recently, sequences of the oncogene, ras, and tumour suppressor gene, p53, have been reported in K. marmoratus. The expression of these important genes that play significant roles not only in carcinogenesis but also in other signal transduction pathways was observed to be modulated by environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Having a large sequence database (cDNA sequences and ESTs), it is expected that the use of a microarray in the near future will open new vistas for this fish with applications in cancer research, aquatic toxicology, endocrinology and genomics. This review discusses potential uses of K. marmoratus in new biotechnological approaches of aquatic toxicology.
FACTORIAL ASSESSMENT OF RATED WORK PERFORMANCE WITH ENTRY LEVEL PSYCHIATRIC AIDES

Summary.-A principal-components factor analysis of a 54-item workperformance rating scale with 173 entry-level psychiatric aides yielded three interpretable factors, Factor I: charting, record-keeping, and basic nursing care, Factor 11: general work habits and compliance with rules, and Factor 111: therapeutic interaction with patients. Comparisons of factorial and conceptual scoring methods yielded no differences in verbal-selection tesr/work-performance validities and no race or sex differences using either method. Ic was noted, however, that the use of factor analysis contributed to the construct validity of the scale and idenrified the major components of variance. Although the use of performance ratings as criteria in personnel decisions is widespread (6), limited attention has been given the evaluation of performance-appraisal systems (2, 5). It is evident that the job elements in an appraisal system need to be based on information obtained from job analysis (1) and that the components or dimensions of performance should be clearly defined (2). As indicated in the review of Landy and Farr (6), factor analysis is the most common technique for analyzing and defining performance dimensions. In the current research, factor analysis was used to assess the dimensions of a job-related (based on job analysis) performance-rating scale which was designed to appraise the work behavior of entry-level psychiatric aides during their probationary period. The smdy utilized data from previous research that concerned assessing verbal selection-test validity using a wosk-performance criterion (3). In addition to identifying the basic factor dimensions of the work-performance scale, the present study further evaluated the rating scale by comparing the effects of factorial and conceptual scoring procedures on se!ecciontest validity and evaluating race and sex differences in ratings using the two scoring procedures. Resevch on appraisal of work-performance of aides is particularly relevant since aides constitute a substantial part of the work force in psychiatric hospitals and provide a major portion of the daily clinical care of patients especially in state psychiatric facilities. Stutzman (9) estimated
Guanine nucleotides and pertussis toxin alter agonist binding to rat septal V1-vasopressin receptors

To investigate whether the rat brain vasopressin receptor is coupled to phospholipase C by a GTP-binding protein, the effects of guanine nucleotides and pertussis toxin on agonist binding to septal membranes were examined. Synaptic plasma membranes were prepared from rat septal tissue and binding of [(3)H]AVP was examined in the presence of guanine nucleotides at a concentration of 1 mM. Saturation isotherms revealed that all guanine nucleotides significantly increased the dissociation constant K(d), and the nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs GTPgammaS and Gpp(NH)p had the most pronounced effect. Treatment of membranes with pertussis toxin reduced the specific binding of 2 nM [(3)H]AVP by over 50%. These data suggest that the septal vasopressin receptor is coupled to phospholipase C via a G(i)- or G(o)-like GTP-binding protein.
Orthonormal wavelet representations for recognizing complex annotations

This paper describes a novel method of pattern recognition targeted for recognizing complex annotations found in paper documents. Our investigation is motivated by the high reliability required for accomplishing autonomous interpretation of maps and engineering drawings. The recognition problem is made difficult in part because characters and text may be expressed in arbitrary fonts and orientations. Our approach includes a novel incremental strategy based on the multiscale representation of wavelet decompositions. Our approach is motivated by biological mechanisms of the human visual system. Choosing wavelets that are simultaneously localized in both space and frequency, and decomposing a signal into a multiscale hierarchical basis with orientation selectivity, can provide a powerful methodology for pattern analysis. We evaluated several wavelets with different spatial-frequency characteristics and measured their performance in the context of character recognition. Wavelet bases are more attractive than traditional hierarchical bases because they are orthonormal, linear, continuous, and continuously invertible. The multiscale representation of wavelet transforms provides a mathematically coherent basis for multigrid techniques. In contrast to previous adhoc approaches, our method promises a practical solution embedded in a unified mathematical theory. A feasibility study is described in which more than 10000 patterns were recognized with an error rate of 2.6% by a neural network trained using multiscale representations from a class of 52 distinct alphanumeric patterns and graphical symbols. We observed a 10-fold reduction in the amount of information needed to represent each character for recognition. These results suggest that high reliability is possible at a reduced cost of representation.
Effect of dexamethasone therapy on serum vitamin E concentrations in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Effect of Dexamethasone Therapy on Serum Vitamin E Concentrations in Premature Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
A new meaning for gauge transformations in electrodynamics

The dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field in interaction with thePauli-Weisskopf field is worked out with the states defined on general space-like surfaces in space-time. A method is used which allows general gauge transformationAμ→Aμ+∂S/∂xμ with the functionS arbitrary. A new assumption is then introduced which connects the gauge with the surfaces on which the states are defined. The Hamiltonian takes on a simplified form, in which the interaction terms are of quite a different type from the usual theory.
ITS: interactive translation system

At COLING78 we reported on an interactive translation system now called ITS, which uses on-line man-machine interaction. This paper is an update on ITS with suggestions for future work.
Evaluation and analysis of users' activity organization

Our analyses of the activities performed by users of computer systems show complex patterns of interleaved activities. Current human - computer interfaces provide little support for the kinds of problems users encounter when attempting to accomplish several different tasks in a single session. In this paper we develop a framework for discussing the characteristics of activities, in terms of activity structures, and provide a number of conceptual guidelines for developing an interface which supports activity coordination. The concept of a workspace is introduced as a unifying construct for reducing the mental workload when switching tasks, and for supporting contextually-driven interpretations of the users' activity structures.
Densitometric thin-layer chromatographic studies on neutral lipids-in two strains of Helisoma trivolvis (gastropoda)

Abstract 1. 1. Densitometric thin-layer chromatographic studies were used to determine differences in the neutral lipid content of Helisoma trivolvis Pennsylvania strain versus H. trivolvis Colorado strain of snails fed on a lettuce-Tetramin diet ad libitum for 2 weeks. 2. 2. The major neutral lipid fractions in the digestive gland-gonad (DGG) complex and snail bodies of both strains were triacylglycerols and free sterols, along with lesser amounts of free fatty acids and sterol esters. 3. 3. Both the DGG and the snail body of the Colorado strain showed significantly greater amounts of triacylglycerols and free sterols than those of the Pennsylvania strain. 4. 4. The major neutral lipid fraction in the hemolymph and plasma of both strains was free fatty acids. Quantitative differences in the neural lipid fractions of the blood of the Colorado versus Pennsylvania strains were not apparent.
Rare-earth glass reference materials for near-infrared spectrometry: sources of x-axis location variability

Abstract The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently introduced two optical filter standards for wavelength/wavenumber calibration of near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers. Standard Reference Material®s (SRM®s) 2035 and 2065 were fabricated in lots of ≈100 units each from separate melts of nominally identical rare-earth glass. Since individual filter certification is extremely time-consuming and thus costly, economic production of these SRMs required the ability to batch certify band locations. Given the specification that the combined uncertainty for the location of the bands in a given filter should be ≤0.2 cm−1, rigorous evaluation of material heterogeneity was required to demonstrate the adequacy of batch certification for these materials. Among-filter variation in measured band locations convolves any influence of material heterogeneity with that of environmental, procedural, and instrumental artifacts. While univariate analysis of variance established band-specific heterogeneity upper bounds, it did not provide quantitative descriptions of the other possible sources for the observed measurement variability. Principal components analysis enabled both the identification and isolation of the most important NIR band location variances among the SRM 2065 filters. After correction for these variance sources, the upper bound on the material heterogeneity was determined to be 0.03 cm−1 for all bands. Since this is a small part of the measurement uncertainty, we conclude that batch analysis provides an acceptable certification approach for these and similarly fabricated rare-earth glass reference materials.
Optical processing based on spectral line-by-line pulse shaping on a phase-modulated CW laser

We demonstrate optical processing based on spectral line-by-line pulse shaping of a frequency comb generated by phase modulating a CW laser and show various applications including CW-to-pulse conversion, width/wavelength tunable return-to-zero pulse generation, pulse-to-CW conversion, wavelength conversion, and microwave photonics. The correlations between optical spectra, time-domain waveforms, and RF spectra are quantitatively studied
Synonymy in peperomia berteroana (Piperaceae) results in biological disjunction between Pacific and Atlantic oceans

Placing Peperomia berteroana of the Juan Fernandez Islands in the Pacific Ocean in synonymy with P. tristanensis of Tristan da Cunha in the Atlantic Ocean results in a species with a wide geographical disjunction of more than 5000 km. Morphological data indicate that these taxa are best treated as subspecies (P. berteroana subsp. berteroana and P. berteroana subsp. tristanensis).
Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with hemangiosarcoma.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a dimeric glycosylated polypeptide growth factor with potent angiogenic, mitogenic, and vascular permeability-enhancing properties specific for endothelial cells. In humans, VEGF seems to play a major role in tumor growth, and plasma concentrations correlate with tumor burden, response to therapy, and disease progression. This study compared plasma VEGF concentrations in healthy client-owned dogs (n = 17) to dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA; n 16). Dogs with HSA were significantly more likely to have detectable concentrations of plasma VEGF (13/17) compared to healthy dogs (1/17; P < .001). The median plasma VEGF concentration for dogs with HSA was 17.2 pg/mL (range, < 1.0-66.7 pg/mL). Plasma VEGF concentrations in dogs with HSA did not correlate with stage of disease or tumor burden, but 1 dog had undetectable VEGF during chemotherapy that subsequently increased with disease progression.
A study of the relative roles of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the regulation of testicular inhibin secretion in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative roles of FSH and LH in stimulating testicular inhibin secretion in the male rhesus monkey. Recombinant human (rh) FSH and rhCG were used as the gonadotropic stimuli, and juvenile rhesus monkeys, in which the endocrine activity of the pituitary-testicular axis was being driven in an adult manner with an intermittent iv GnRH infusion, were studied. Immunoactive inhibin levels were measured by the Monash RIA. Initiation of an intermittent iv infusion of rhFSH (10 IU every 3 h) resulted, after a delay of 5–6 h, in a progressive increase in the concentrations of immunoactive inhibin, which achieved, after 48 h of stimulation, a value twice that observed during vehicle treatment. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that the FSH-induced elevation in immunoactive inhibin was the result of an increase in three distinct mol wt fractions: peak I (100 kDa), peak II (50–60 kDa), and peak III (31 kDa). Although peak III accounted for most of the inhibin immunoact...
High-order harmonic pulse broadening in an ionizing medium

High-order harmonic pulse durations are measured using a laser and vacuum ultraviolet cross-correlation technique and the results are compared to theory. Harmonic pulses generated using moderate laser intensity are well described by current models and demonstrate that harmonic pulses are temporally broadened when produced at laser intensities sufficiently high to ionize the medium. At even higher generating laser intensity, measured pulse durations are longer than simulated pulse durations. We consider dipole emission from ions and distortion of the spatial laser profile as possible causes for the discrepancy.
The Temporal Effects of Divorces and Separations on Children’s Academic Achievement and Problem Behavior

This article provides an examination of the effects of the divorce and separation process on children’s academic achievement and problem behavior over time. By using child fixed effects and establishing a baseline period that is four or more years prior to a family disruption, I can examine how children are affected in different periods relative to the disruption and whether any negative effects subside, persist, or escalate as time passes from the disruption. With a sample of 7- to 14-year-olds, I find that children are affected at least two to four years before the disruption; reading test scores are most affected; and for reading comprehension, the negative effects persist and even escalate as time passes from the disruption.
Near-surface permeability in a supraglacial drainage basin on the Llewellyn Glacier, Juneau Icefield, British Columbia

Supraglacial channel networks link time varying melt production and meltwater routing on temperate glaciers. Such channel networks often include components of both surface transport in streams and subsurface porous flow through near-surface ice, firn or snowpack. Although subsurface transport if present will likely control network transport efficacy, it is the most poorly characterized component of the system. We present measurements of supraglacial channel spacing and network properties on the Juneau Icefield, subsurface water table height, and time variation of hydraulic characteristics including diurnal variability in water temperature. We combine these data with modeling of porous flow in weathered ice to infer near-surface permeability. Estimates are based on an observed phase lag between diurnal water temperature variations and discharge, and independently on measurement of water table surface elevation away from a stream. Both methods predict ice permeability on a 1–10 m scale in the range of 10 −10 –10 −11 m 2 . These estimates are considerably smaller than common parameterizations of surface water flow on bare ice in the literature, as well as smaller than most estimates of snowpack permeability. For supraglacial environments in which porosity/permeability creation in the subsurface is balanced by porous flow of meltwater, our methods provide an estimate of microscale hydraulic properties from observations of supraglacial channel spacing.
Process-centred restoration in a fire-adapted ponderosa pine forest

Summary Accurate and ecologically meaningful characterisation of reference conditions is a fundamental premise of restoration ecology. Restoration practice and research commonly define reference conditions in terms of compositional and structural elements. We propose a “process-centred” framework that places central emphasis on ecological functions and ecosystem processes. A wide variety of processes is central to the functioning and dynamics of ecological systems, and can be placed at the foundation of restoration research and practice. A process-centred approach allows the definition of “reference dynamics”, where spatial and temporal variability and underlying mechanisms of change are primary. We illustrate this approach using a 303-yr reconstruction of the natural surface fire regime to guide restoration of a Pinus ponderosa forest in the Jemez Mountains of southwestern North America. Fire occurrence varied over space and time during the period of record, with ecologically significant variation in fire intervals (yr fire−1) governed by process–structure interactions. We defined a variety of reference variables for reintroduction of fire as the keystone ecological process, along with related structural variation. A process-centered approach and the reference dynamics paradigm can replace a more static concept of reference conditions in defining restoration baselines and provide an improved standard of comparison for restoration ecology.
DEFINITIVE RECONSTRUCTION OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL, FUSIFORM INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS WITH THE PIPELINE EMBOLIZATION DEVICE

OBJECTIVEThe Pipeline embolization device (PED; Chestnut Medical, Menlo Park, CA) is a new endovascular construct designed to exclude aneurysms from the parent cerebrovasculature. We report the results of the first two human implantations of this device in North America.CLINICAL PRESENTATIONTwo pati
Silica-coated dual-tube zirconia induction furnace for high-strength optical-fibre production

The dual-wall zirconia induction furnace consists of an inner susceptor tube and an outer insulation tube. The centre piece of the inner tube is coated with a thin silica film. The performance of the newly designed furnace was evaluated in terms of the strength of drawn fibres. The proof test of 47 km length of fibre demonstrated superb strength results, yielding the average survival length at 1·4 GN/m2 (200 klb in−2) to be ∼8 km.
On the preparation and properties of earthworm tropomyosin

Abstract 1. 1. The preparation and characterization of tropomyosin from Lumbricus terrestris [Tm(W)] is described. It is compared with rabbit tropomyosin [Tm(R)]. 2. 2. Tm(W) electrophoreses as two major bands ( ∼ 33 kd ) similar to the α and β bands of Tm(R). Isoelectric focussing suggests an isoelectric pH ∼ 0.3 unit lower than for Tm(R). 3. 3. Tm(W) cannot be disulfide cross-linked, i.e. it has no cysteines. Dimethylsuberimidate cross-linking produces 66 kd species, showing that Tm(W) is a two-chain molecule. 4. 4. Amino acid composition shows no tryptophan or proline and 32% hydrophobic residues, as expected for an α-helical coiled-coil. The lysine and arginine content are unusually low. 5. 5. Cirular dichroism at 5°C indicates 100% α-helix. For both Tm(W) and Tm(R), thermal denaturation at pH 7.4 or 2.0 reveals three transitions, which are described in detail.
THE LUXURY OF ANTI-NEGRO PREJUDICE

IN STUDYING anti-Negro prejudice, it has long been usual for researchers to come up with the conclusion that the prejudice correlates closely with amount of education and the region a man comes from. Mr. Brophy here reports a study of anti-Negro prejudice where these correlations give way to quite different relationships. Among seamen what seems to matter most is a man's union and the number of times he has shipped with Negroes-a conclusion obviously filled with hopeful implications despite the special nature of the occupational group. Ira N. Brophy, formerly associated with Columbia University's Bureau of Applied Social Research, is now doing independent research.
Near-threshold fatigue crack growth in aluminum composite laminates

One promising method for improving the mechanical properties of particulate MMCs is to laminate the brittle composite with a more ductile component. A system currently being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a multilayer laminate consisting of alternating layers of AA6090/SiC/25p and more ductile AA5182. In order to further examine the effects of lamination on fatigue crack propagation mechanics and mechanisms, the fatigue crack growth behavior of the aluminum composite laminate developed at LLNL was examined. The laminate and the AA6090/SiC/25p component were studied in the T6 heat treatment condition for subsequent comparison. Fatigue crack surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy for further insight into crack growth mechanisms.
Effect of pressure and oxygen defects in divalent Chevrel-phase superconductors

The pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature T/sub c/ is measured for several samples each of the divalent Chevrel-phase systems SnMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/, PbMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/, and EuMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/. The pressure dependence of T/sub c/ scales with T/sub c/ and each system has the same scale factor. The data are discussed in terms of oxygen defects systematically introduced into each system and in terms of the lattice constants. Oxygen defects inadvertently introduced into Chevrel-phase superconducting systems may account for the wide variation of T/sub c/ quoted in the literature.
Catastrophe theory and cellular determination, transdetermination and differentiation

Catastrophe theory can be used to illustrate the results of some of the events that occur during embryogenesis. Trajectories over the surface of catastrophe manifolds provide an extension of Waddington's concept of a description of embryogenesis based on chreodic paths on an epigenetic landscape. The development of Elementary Catastrophe Theory to describe time- and space-equivalent events provides a rich qualitative “language” that seems well suited for the description of cellular behavior. Space-equivalent catastrophes have been used to illustrate the processes of cellular determination, differentiation, and transdetermination with initial success. This use should be tested further, for example, by experimental manipulation of embryonic tissue at well defined intervals of time during its development. The relationship of this approach to some others and to possible future theoretical developments has been discussed.
The Interaction of Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Moments with Molecular Rotation in Asymmetric-Top Molecules. I

The theory of the interaction of nuclear electric quadrupole moments with molecular rotation is extended to asymmetric-top molecules containing one or two quadrupolar nuclei. The first-order theory is developed in detail, and in a form which makes use of published numerical tables of line strengths of asymmetric-top pure rotation transitions, and involves the second derivatives of the electrostatic potential $V$ taken along the three principal axes of inertia. Only two of these are independent, and ($\frac{{\ensuremath{\partial}}^{2}V}{\ensuremath{\partial}{z}^{\ensuremath{'}2}}$) and $(\frac{{\ensuremath{\partial}}^{2}V}{\ensuremath{\partial}{x}^{\ensuremath{'}2}})\ensuremath{-}(\frac{{\ensuremath{\partial}}^{2}V}{\ensuremath{\partial}{y}^{\ensuremath{'}2}})$ are a convenient choice of the parameters of the problem. A general formulation of the theory, which includes higher order effects, is given. In case a molecule contains only one quadrupolar nucleus, the structure of the quadrupole multiplets should be sufficient to identify pure rotation transitions.
Aortic Valve Area on 64-MDCT Correlates with Transesophageal Echocardiography in Aortic Stenosis

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to compare aortic valve area and calcification between CT and echocardiography.MATERIALS AND METHODS. We performed retrospective evaluation of 80 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis (AS) who underwent ECG-gated 64-MDCT and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Valve planimetry was feasible in 80 patients with CT and in 63 patients with TEE; valve area by transthoracic echocardiography was available in 46 patients. Valve calcification grade on CT was compared with TEE. One cardiologist (echocardiography) and two radiologists (CT) independently and blindly reviewed the studies. Pearson's correlations, Spearman's rank correlations, paired Student's t tests, and weighted kappa tests were used.RESULTS. The median valve area on TEE was 0.7 ± 0.9 cm2. There was excellent correlation (n = 80; r = 0.91, p < 0.001) and no difference (0.06 ± 0.26 cm2, p = 0.06) between CT readers. There was strong correlation (n = 63; r = 0.84, p < 0.001) and no difference (—0.06 ± 0.4...
Sodium-Excreting Ability Before and After Intracardiac Surgery

Twenty-two patients were studied before, early after (2 to 4 weeks), and late after (6 to 12 months) open intracardiac surgery. Their urinary sodium excretion was measured during an eight-day period of oral sodium loading and the results compared with normal values previously established by Braunwald and colleagues. Eight patients had normal urinary sodium excretion preoperatively. Two of six studied late postoperatively had abnormally low urinary sodium excretion at that time, both having had abnormally low excretion when studied early postoperatively. Fourteen patients had abnormally low urinary sodium excretion preoperatively. Nine of the patients from this group had normal sodium excretion when studied late postoperatively. Early postoperatively, 3 of 13 patients studied had abnormally low sodium excretion: one died three months later; one still had abnormally low excretion when studied late postoperatively; and one was not studied late after operation. No correlation existed between urinary sodium ex...
Infrared Spectra of Gaseous Diazomethane

The gaseous infrared spectra of CH2N2, CHDN2, CD2N2, and CH2N15N have been examined between 230 and 4000 cm—1 under medium resolution. Band positions have been measured for all the distinguishable parallel features. Nearly all of the perpendicular fundamentals have been resolved and analyzed. The [A″—½(B″+C″)] rotational constants derived are: CH2N15N, 8.747±0.015 cm—1; CD2N2, 4.253±0.01 cm—1; CHDN2, 5.72±0.1 cm—1. These data combined with that given earlier for the CH2N2 isotope, show that the averaged distance of the hydrogen atoms from the molecular axis (in CH2N2 and in CH2N15N) is 0.9580±0.0006 A and of the deuterium atoms (in CD2N2) is 0.9560±0.001 A.In contrast to earlier studies, we were able to find no evidence for the presence of a tautomeric form of diazomethane in the samples studied.
Magnetic susceptibility of group II, group VI semiconductor ZnO

Abstract Diamagnetic susceptibility of ZnO crystals has been measured very accurately with a quartz microbalance, to elucidate the type of bonding. Calculations based on Slater-Agnus method for various state of ionization and following Mikhail et al. , makes us to believe that ZnO forms a covalent bond with partial ionic character. There is a very good agreement between the experimental and calculated values.
Correction to "Stable adaptive controller design - Part II: Proof of stability"

Errors in the work by K.S. Narendra et al. (IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. AC-25, pp. 440-448, 1980) are corrected. The errors are in remarks and in the proofs of lemmas 4 and 5.
Sequential studies of lymphoblast glucocorticoid receptor levels at diagnosis and relapse in childhood leukemia: An update

Abstract For 80 children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were lower in blast cells from patients who developed relapse while receiving chemotherapy (p = 0.03) and in those who failed reinduction treatment (p = 0.07). Serial determinations of GR at diagnosis and at relapse in blast cells from 41 patients disclosed various changes in receptor content, which were were not related to the initial GR levels, the immunophenotype of blast cells or number of relapses. Six of 9 patients for whom reinduction therapy failed and only 7 of 32 patients in whom subsequent remission was induced had decreased GR levels at relapse (p = 0.018). One patient failed reinduction despite a sharp increase in GR level. Although a decrease in GR levels between diagnosis and relapse is associated with steroid resistance, other mechanism(s) can also be responsible for the development of steriod resistance in childhood leukemia.
Schema accuracy and career challenges for men in the information technology workplace

Much of the diversity literature in the IT field has focused on the perspectives of women and racioethnic minorities. We expand this exploration by looking at perceptions of the unique challenges and barriers to advancement facing men in the IT workplace utilizing a cognitive lens and schema accuracy theory. In addition to evoking the unique challenges men perceive they face different from women, we also collected data from women regarding their perceptions of men's unique challenges. We found a minimal level of shared understanding occurring around interactions between the sexes (i.e., cross-gender interaction). These findings advance our understanding of the cognitive overlap (and lack thereof) regarding the perceptions of the unique challenges and barriers facing men in the IT field, and provide an initial step toward developing a shared understanding of the IT work environment.
Combination treatment of CO2 fractional laser, pulsed dye laser, and triamcinolone acetonide injection for refractory keloid scars on the upper back

Keloids and hypertrophic scars are common lesions, which typically present as a cosmetic concern; however, they also can cause significant pruritus and pain. These lesions pose as a particular therapeutic challenge among clinicians due to a lack of complete knowledge of the formation of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Multiple treatments are widely accepted, yet all have shown limited benefit. In this case, we describe the treatment combination of the Affirm CO2 fractional laser (10 600 nm, Cynosure), Cynergy Pulsed dye laser (585 nm, Cynosure), and triamcinolone acetonide injection for keloids refractory to solitary treatments of triamcinolone acetonide injection and other laser modalities.
The measurement of forces transmitted to abutment teeth of removable partial dentures

Despite the limited number of patients in the study, the following conclusions may be made regarding the magnitude and direction of forces transmitted to abutment teeth of extension-base removable partial dentures. 1. A technique was presented for using strain gauges to determine the magnitude and direction of forces transmitted to abutment teeth of removable partial dentures. 2. There are variations in force magnitude with a patient and between patients from chewing cycle to chewing cycle. 3. The transmitted forces vary when different removable partial denture designs are used. 4. Improving adaptation of the extension bases to the residual ridge is an excellent means for providing maximum support, increasing patient comfort, and decreasing forces to abutment teeth. 5. Extension bases apply mesially directed forces to abutment teeth during mastication. 6. Further research is needed to elucidate the effects of the various philosophies of removable partial denture design.
Comparative analysis of LISP and APL2

LISP and APL2 were both born in 1960's and they have the similar syntax which is called function type.The main users of LISP were in the universities and the applications were linguistics or formula processing in mathematics.On the other hand APL was used in the companies and many of their applications were in the business environment such as business planning or reporting.Traditional APL provided user intuitive expressions, but it was rather weak in handling character string of variable length or combination of numerics and characters.APL2 and its general array resolved these weak points and it has a great capability to develop AI applications.This paper introduces the similarities between LISP and APL2 and shows how APL2 solves the problem which LISP is good at handling.
TREFOIL PEPTIDES IN THE DEFENSE OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Microorganisms and other agents continually threaten the intestinal mucosa, calling for the gut to prevent damage, restore epithelium in regions in which cells are lost, and suppress inflammation. ...
On existence and approximate solutions for a nonlinear integral equation arising in the theory of creep in metals

Existence of a solution to a nonlinear integral equation arising in the theory of creep in symmetric pressure vessels is established by means of a recursively defined sequence of functions. It is shown that this sequence converges monotonically and uniformly to the solution.