cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Context-Aware Authentication Framework

We present an extensible context-aware authentication framework which can adapt to the contextual information available in a smart environment. Having confidence in a user’s identity and other contextual information is critical to the successful adoption of future mobile, context-aware services. This authentication framework can provide a standard base for the development of context-aware services, particularly while the user is mobile. Our implementation of the framework enhances usability during authentication by replacing the need for users to remember and enter their password with the act of a simple gesture. We discuss our architecture, implementation and policies and illustrate how they support usable authentication, using lightweight tagging and simple context from a smart environment.
Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) — A Short-Term Assay Applicable to Complex Environmental Mixtures

There is no question that a rapid and inexpensive screening tool is needed to assess potential teratogenicity. The now classical Ames test (Ames, 1975) and other tests screen for potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Although a number of relatively rapid bioassays, ranging from the invertebrates through lower vertebrates to mammals, as well as cell, organ, and embryo culture systems, have been used to examine teratogenicity, none has been adequately validated or widely accepted for routine use. The tier-testing approach, which uses rapid screens to detect potential hazard and indicate need for further testing, has been useful and expedient. Comparable tests, however, are not yet applicable for teratogenesis testing despite the fact that there are a number of methods available. Among these is one which we submit may be a valid model for preliminary assessment of potential teratogens. This model, referred to as FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus), has been applied to examine the relative teratogenic risk of a variety of chemicals and complex mixtures. The mixtures we have tested come from coal-conversion and shale-oil technologies and their effects have been compared to those of similar materials derived from natural petroleums.
Teamwork, technology, and a plan: producing a multivolume proceedings "before" the conference

Imagine having only 6 weeks to prepare a proceedings 10 times as large as the one you are holding in your hands. A communications team from Battelle publishes such a proceedings every other year for the conferences of the American council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. Teamwork cutting-edge publishing technology, and good planning are necessary to prepare 4000 camera-ready pages in such a short time. We share the best of what we have learned during three separate publications of this immense proceedings. >
ECONOMIC DISCOMFORT AND CONSUMER SENTIMENT

This paper finds that the Economic Discomfort Index (aka "Misery Index"), defined by Arthur Okun as the sum of the unemployment rate plus the annual rate of inflation, provides a rough and ready explanation of economic malaise as measured by the University of Michigan Index of Consumer Sentiment. A more precise explanation of Consumer Sentiment includes the rate of change in unemployment, the rate of change in the SP but Presidential dummies are insignificant. Studying the determinants of Consumer Sentiments helps validate the procedure invoked by Okun for constructing his Economic Discomfort Index.
An immunoreactive apoglycoprotein purified from Coccidioides immitis.

Deglycosylation of glycoproteins in a lysate of spherules of Coccidioides immitis has permitted purification and partial characterization of a proline-rich pronase-sensitive antigen. Moreover, soluble antigen specifically stimulated lymphocytes from persons with dermal delayed-type hypersensitivity to coccidioidal antigens. When related to reference coccidioidin by tandem two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, the antigen fused in the anodal region with a specific reference antigen (antigen 2). It did not show identity with coccidioidal antigens used in conventional serologic assays. Although immunoblots of the purified protein with monospecific rabbit antiserum showed a single antigen at 33 kDa, the parent spherule lysate bound the same antibody in a broad band between 70 and greater than 200 kDa, which could be explained by microheterogeneity of glycosylation. Immunoelectron microscopy using affinity-purified human antibodies localized the antigen to the cell wall and internal septa of spherules. These findings suggest that the apoglycoprotein may be important in human immune responses to coccidioidal infection. Images
Rayleigh–Bénard stability of a solidifying porous medium

Abstract In many solid/liquid phase transformation processes, natural convection controls the freezing or melting rate of the material. Freezing or melting in the presence of nonmelting components is important in numerous industrial processes and is also present in a wide range of systems in nature. The kinematics of the solid–liquid interface, coupled with bulk convection in the melt, play an important role in determining the microstructure of a solidified material. The fundamental problem of thermoconvective instability of a single-component fluid in a horizontal porous layer has been studied extensively; additional complexities arise during solidification due to the presence of a non-melting component, namely the porous medium. This study addresses the problem of Rayleigh–Benard instability of a liquid layer undergoing a phase transformation within a porous medium. A linear stability analysis is performed to determine the effects of the medium and phase-change on the conditions for incipient instability under a range of thermal boundary conditions. The analysis reveals that the onset of convection, or the stability of the system, is significantly affected by the presence of the porous medium, state of solidification and the thermal boundary conditions.
ART2 neural network clustering for hierarchical simulation

In this paper, we propose to employ the ART2 neural network to cluster the high dimensional vectors for the preservation of statistics in hierarchical simulation. The experiments show that ART2 serves this purpose quite well. The inter- and intra-cluster difference calculated indicated that ART2 clusters data according to Euclidean distance 'approximately'. The numerical results also indicate that the 'vigilance parameter' determines the degree of similarity of vectors in the same cluster by controlling the entire variation.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Understanding Process and Property Relationships in Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welds

Friction stir welding (FSW) has been in use for nearly fifteen years and a significant body of published research regarding process/property/structure relationships is now available; particularly with respect to FSW of aluminum alloys. In this paper, some pertinent literature will be reviewed and an attempt made to tie the numerous experimental observations together through some unifying concepts. Examination of relationships among control and response FSW process variables (respectively e.g. tool rotation rate and torque) and weld microstructure and properties can provide important insight regarding how weld properties develop and how best to approach process development for different alloy classes.
Spectacle: fast chromatin state annotation using spectral learning

Epigenomic data from ENCODE can be used to associate specific combinations of chromatin marks with regulatory elements in the human genome. Hidden Markov models and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm are often used to analyze epigenomic data. However, the EM algorithm can have overfitting problems in data sets where the chromatin states show high class-imbalance and it is often slow to converge. Here we use spectral learning instead of EM and find that our software Spectacle overcame these problems. Furthermore, Spectacle is able to find enhancer subtypes not found by ChromHMM but strongly enriched in GWAS SNPs. Spectacle is available at https://github.com/jiminsong/Spectacle.
Amine-oxide hybrid materials for acid gas separations

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on porous silica materials functionalized with amine-containing organic species are emerging as an important class of materials for the adsorptive separation of acid gases from dilute gas streams. In particular, these materials are being extensively studied for the adsorption of CO2 from simulated flue gas streams, with an eye towards utilizing these materials as part of a post-combustion carbon capture process at large flue gas producing installations, such as coal-fired electricity-generating power plants. In this Application Article, the utilization of amine-modified organic–inorganic hybrid materials is discussed, focusing on important attributes of the materials, such as (i) CO2 adsorption capacities, (ii) adsorption and desorption kinetics, and (iii) material stability, that will determine if these materials may one day be useful adsorbents in practical CO2 capture applications. Specific research needs and limitations associated with the current body of work are identified.
A Distinctive Electrocatalytic Response from the Cytochrome c Peroxidase of Nitrosomonas europaea

Here the cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) from Nitrosomonas europaea is examined using the technique of catalytic protein film voltammetry. Submonolayers of the bacterial diheme enzyme at a pyrolytic graphite edge electrode give catalytic, reductive signals in the presence of the substrate hydrogen peroxide. The resulting waveshapes indicate that CcP is bound non-covalently in a highly active configuration. The native enzyme has been shown to possess two heme groups of low and high potential (L and H, -260 and +450 mV versus hydrogen, respectively), and here we find that the catalytic waves of the N. europaea enzyme have a midpoint potential of >500 mV and a shape that corresponds to a 1-electron process. The signals increase in magnitude with hydrogen peroxide concentration, revealing Michaelis-Menten kinetics and K(m) = 55 microm. The midpoint potentials shift with substrate concentration, indicating the electrochemically active species observed in our data corresponds to a catalytic species. The potentials also shift with respect to pH, and the pH dependence is interpreted in terms of a two pK(a) model for proton binding. Together the data show that the electrochemistry of the N. europaea cytochrome c peroxidase is unlike other peroxidases studied to date, including other bacterial enzymes. This is discussed in terms of a catalytic model for the N. europaea enzyme and compared with other cytochrome c peroxidases.
THE OUTCOMES OF TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID AORTIC STENOSIS: INSIGHTS FROM THE STS/ACC TVT REGISTRY

Although transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was developed and has been extensively used for treatment of severe native tricuspid aortic stenosis (AS), it is now being applied in other anatomic subsets such as bicuspid AS. There is very limited information on the outcomes of these patients
Progress in magnetic microactuators

Magnetic microactuator construction has benefited from two processing extensions: stacking in the vertical and horizontal direction and multiple X-ray mask sacrificial layer LIGA. Vertical stacking requires height control of electroplated structures. This has been achieved by material insensitive lapping and polishing techniques. Structural heights of more than 1 mm have been achieved with 300 μm low-energy exposures. This has resulted in actuators with output forces to 100 mN and throws to 2 mm. Re-planarization after electroplating without photoresist damage enables second layer photoresist application via solvent bonding and fly cutting. Exposure of the substrate with a second X-ray mask becomes useful if the second mask can be aligned to the substrate. This has been accomplished with sufficient accuracy via mechanical techniques. A variety of magnetic actuators have been constructed. All of them use assembled rather than integrated coils. The performance of the assembled coils is adequate for position sensing in linear actuators and has resulted in a closed loop control device.
Relationship between brain blood flow and carotid arterial flow in the sheep fetus.

ABSTRACT: The present study investigates whether changes in total brain blood flow can be reliably estimated by changes in carotid arterial blood flow in fetal and perinatal lambs. We therefore compared carotid arterial blood flow, measured with implanted transit-time ultrasound transducers, with brain blood flow, measured by radioactive microspheres in fetal lambs during normal oxygenation and during pulmonary ventilation with oxygen, with Po: ranging from levels normal for the healthy fetus to levels normally seen postnatally. Cerebral perfusion pressure was modified over a wide range to alter brain blood flow: it was decreased by balloon occlusion of the brachiocephalic trunk and increased by a balloon occluder around the aortic isthmus. Carotid arterial blood flow and brain blood flow were closely related (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001). The relationship was not altered at different levels of oxygenation. However, measurements during higher cerebral perfusion pressures, obtained during aortic isthmus occlusion, had a negative influence on the agreement between carotid arterial blood flow and brain blood flow. When excluding values obtained by aortic isthmus occlusion, changes of 20% or more in brain blood flow could be predicted with carotid arterial blood flow within a confidence limit of 95%. Blood flow measurements in the carotid artery may be useful to estimate changes in brain perfusion.
Differentiation between transmembrane helices and peripheral helices by the deconvolution of circular dichroism spectra of membrane proteins.

Conformational studies of membrane proteins lag far behind those of soluble proteins mainly because of the difficulties associated with crystallization of membrane proteins for x-ray diffraction studies, and because of the restricted movement of the proteins embedded in the membrane for NMR studies (Kuhlbrandt, 1988; Smith and Griffin, 1988). X-ray crystallography is still the only routine method for determining the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules at high resolution (Kuhlbrandt, 1988) which can be utilized for the comparison of the structures determined by circular dichroism (CD) deconvolution. However, cryoelectron microscopy (Hendersson et al., 1990; Kuhlbrandt et al., 1994) has also been used successfully. Three-dimensional structures of seven membrane protein complexes have been determined. These are: the bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter (Rb.) viridis (Deisenhofer et al., 1984, 1985; Deisenhofer and Michel, 1989) and of Rb. sphaeroides (Chang et al., 1986; Allen et al., 1986, 1987; Feher et al., 1989), porin from Rb. capsulatus (Weiss et al., 1991; Kreusch et al., 1991), photoactive yellow protein (PYP) from the purple photoautotropic bacterium, Ectothiorhodospila halophilia (McRee et al., 1989), bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium (Henderson et al., 1990), light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex (Kuhlbrandt et al., 1994), and protein prostaglandin H2 synthase-1 (Picot et al., 1994). The structure of membrane proteins have not been determined by alternate methods, such as NMR, since a membrane-embedded protein, because of restriction of motion which renders an isotropy in dipolar, quadrupolar, and/or chemical shifts in resonances, shows powder patterns in NMR spectroscopy making it harder to interpret the data (Bovey, 1988; Smith and Griffin, 1988). Even solid-state NMR, such as cross-polarization magic angle spin NMR, to compensate the anisotropy, has limited success in obtaining structural information about prosthetic groups in membrane proteins, such as retinal in bacteriorhodopsin (Harbison et al., 1985; Smith et al., 1989) and in rhodopsin (Smith et al., 1987; Mollevanger et al., 1987). While electron microscopy (EM) has provided the overall shape of a protein including the number of helix strands, detailed information regarding secondary structure is not likely to be easily obtained from EM. Therefore, the conformational database is not adequate to evaluate the deconvolution results, as was the case for the soluble proteins (Perczel et al., 1992).
On the relation between undimensional judgments and multidimensional scaling

Abstract Three studies are described. They are based on the hypothesis that the individual's responses to members of a set of stimuli are based on his internalized conception of them and that this internalized conception can be revealed by multidimensional scaling analysis of his judgments of interstimulus similarity. Other responses were expected to be systematically related to the structure so revealed. In a study of facial expressions it was found that judgments of their intensity seemed to represent the expression's distance in two-dimensional space from a point representing no emotion. A study of semantic meaning showed that favorableness of adjectives was represented by a direction in 2-space and different kinds of favorableness were somewhat different directions. In a study of simulated air-raids, the degree of threat posed by a raid corresponded to a direction in the space and the action appropriate to counter it was an area of the space. The results were taken to support the validity of the hypothesis and the usefulness of multidimensional scaling.
Ureteroscopy in management of ureteral calculi.

Abstract Transurethral ureteroscopy (TUURS) for the management of ureteral stones was performed in 102 patients. Primary ureteroscopy was performed in 57 patients while in 20 cases the procedure was used for stone manipulation prior to ESWL and in 18 cases after ESWL treatment. In 7 cases, insertion of the instrument was impossible. The overall success rate was 89 per cent ( 85 95 ). Success rate in the lower ureter was 93 per cent, in the middle ureter 84 per cent, and in the upper ureter 80 per cent. There were four complications (4%) and open operation was required in 3 patients only (3%). The up-to-date ureteroscopic results suggest that ureteroscopy should be the procedure of choice in the treatment of lower ureteral calculi and a valuable alternative in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi.
Improved resolution backscatter coefficient imaging.

This paper reports the extension of a method for imaging acoustic backscatter coefficients that allows for greater spatial resolution in the resulting images. This is done by using a broad-band excitation pulse and short-duration time gates in the analysis. The images produced had better spatial resolution than the previously reported technique [Ultrasonic Imaging 10, 121–138]. Furthermore, the pixel values were based upon quantitatively accurate backscatter coefficients at given spatial locations. The paper also discusses the additional computational requirements of greater spatial resolution and proposes a least-squares fit to a smoothly varying set of sparse data to generate the data points in between.
Neutrophil collagenase activation: The role of oxidants and cathepsin G

The events leading to neutrophil collagenase activationin vivo were analyzed using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated neutrophil supernatant. Under the conditions when this supernatant was incubated with the serine proteinase inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and then treated with the oxidant, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), collagenase was activated. When cathepsin G, a known activator of neutrophil collagenase, was also present, less HOCl was required to activate the latent collagenase. These experiments support the conclusion that activation of neutrophil collagenase occursin vivo by both an oxidant and an enzymatic mechanism where the effectiveness of oxidants is enhanced by cathepsin G.
Accommodation Decision Making for Postsecondary Students With Learning Disabilities Individually Tailored or One Size Fits All

Clinicians uniformly recommend accommodations for college students with learning disabilities; however, we know very little about which accommodations they select and the validity of their recommendations. We examined the assessment documentation of a large sample of community college students receiving academic accommodations for learning disabilities to determine (a) which accommodations their clinicians recommended and (b) whether clinicians' recommendations were supported by objective data gathered during the assessment process. In addition to test and instructional accommodations, many clinicians recommended that students with learning disabilities should have different educational expectations, standards, and methods of evaluation (i.e., grading) than their nondisabled classmates. Many of their recommendations for accommodations were not supported by objective evidence from students' history, diagnosis, test data, and current functioning. Furthermore, clinicians often recommended accommodations that were not specific to the student's diagnosis or area of disability. Our findings highlight the need for individually selected accommodations matched to students' needs and academic contexts.
Toxic femininity 4.0

This paper examines constructions of toxic femininity within fourth-wave feminism. Taking hashtag feminism as its focus, this article contends that charges of toxicity lobbed online reproduce divisive dynamics that have shaped earlier trends within feminist movements in the United States. It further suggests that Twitter, as a platform, amplifies deep discomfort with theories of intersectional feminism while shaping how normative gender is reproduced online.
The Clinical Diagnosis of Ball Variance in a Mitral Valve Prosthesis

A 45-year-old veteran underwent closed mitral commissurotomies in 1957 and 1962. I n April, 1964, his mitral valve was replaced by a 0.900-inch SCDK double-caged prosthesis. Because of repeated thromboembolic episodes over the next three years and the recurrence of exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and chest pains, he was referred to the Veterans Administration Hospital in May, 1967. He was in moderate congestive heart failure. At initial auscultation the cardiac rhythm was thought to be a sinus mechanism with multiple premature ventricular contractions; however, the peripheral pulses remained perfectly regular. There were changes in the intensity and timing of the opening and closing clicks of the prosthesis. The “auscultatory arrhythmia,” identified as a varying interval from the aortic closure to the opening click of the prosthesis (A,-O.C. interval), was documented by phonocardiography with simultaneously recorded arterial wave forms (Fig. 1). The A,2-0.C. interval varied from 0.10 to 0.62 second; at the longer intervals the opening click followed atrial contraction. At operation in May, 1967, granulating tissues obscured much of the metallic inflow face of the SCDK prosthesis, which was resected (Fig. 2) and replaced with a size 2M Starr-Edwards prosthesis. The Silastic ball of the resected prosthesis was opaque, light canary-yellow, and somewhat softer than a normal Silastic ball. T h e equatorial diameter of 0.922 inch caused it to “stick” in the 0.909-inch orifice of the prosthesis and prevented its travel to the atrial cage. Chemical analysis of the ball showed cholesterol and triglyceride deposits. T h e patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Improvement of symptoms has been maintained to the present.
The role of growth factors in the healing of chronic wounds

The clinical use of growth factors for the treatment of nonhealing human wounds holds great therapeutic potential. However, numerous clinical studies of recombinant growth factors used to treat chronic dermal wounds have generally reported disappointing results. Part of the explanation for these results may be a lack of appreciation of three basic principles related to the biology of wound healing and pharmaceutic considerations. Above all, the growth factor selected for a particular nonhealing wound must regulate a process of healing which is predominantly involved in healing that wound. A growth factor which stimulates epithelialization will be of little good in a wound which needs to heal by connective tissue deposition. Once the appropriate biologic modifier has been identified, one must be assured that there is a deficiency of that modifier in the wound environment. Finally, one must be sure that the delivery of the growth factor to the wound is in sufficient amount and duration to produce a biologic response. These considerations are exemplified with several clinical studies which did show improvement in the rate of healing of chronic wounds. Only when clinical trials are undertaken in which these tenets are incorporated in the study design will the true potential of various growth factors be appropriately determined.
Ultrastructure of the acinar cells in the submandibular gland of the nine‐banded armadillo

There are two discrete lobes comprising the armadillo submandibular gland. These two lobes can be defined grossly, histochemically and morphologically with the light and electron microscope. The minor lobe stains more intensely with PAS and AB. When viewed in the electron microscope, the secretory granules of the acinar cells within this lobe appear mucous-like. The granules of the demilune cells are slightly different in appearance. The secretory granules of the acinar cells in the major lobe contain many dense foci embedded in a fibrillar matrix, a substructure not described previously. The demilune cells of this lobe contain secretory granules with a mucous-like structure which is consistent throughout the entire lobe. As in the minor lobe, these demilune cells stain very intensely with PAS and AB.
Women and Social Change in Latin America

Women and Social Change in Latin America. Elizabeth Jelin. editor. London and New Jersey: Zed Books, Ltd., 1990. 256 pp. $49.95 (cloth), $15.00 (paper). ISBN 0-86232-870-5, ISBN 0-86232-871-3.
The Relationship between Phonological Memory, Phonological Sensitivity, and Incidental Word Learning.

This study investigated the cognitive abilities needed to succeed at incidental word learning, specifically by examining the role of phonological memory and phonological sensitivity in novel word learning by 4-year-olds who were typically developing. Forty 4-year-olds were administered a test of nonword repetition (to investigate phonological memory), rhyming and phoneme alliteration tasks (to investigate phonological sensitivity), and an incidental word learning task (via a computer-based presentation of a cartoon story). A multiple regression analysis revealed that nonword repetition scores did not contribute significantly to incidental word learning. Phonological sensitivity scores were significant predictors of incidental word learning. These findings provide support for a model of lexical acquisition in which phonological knowledge plays an important role.
Lip Movement in Apraxia of Speech

Peak articulatory velocity of the lower lip and temporal coordination between the upper and lower lips were studied in 5 neurologically impaired subjects with speech behaviors consistent with a dia...
Telemedicine and Toxicology: Back to the Future?

I was recently consulted via our poison control center (PCC) regarding a toddler who arrived at an Arizona pediatric intensive care unit. The child had first presented to a rural facility where he was evaluated and treated for presumed sepsis. The intensivist I spoke with on the phone was new to our state and suspected that the patient had an alternate diagnosis. After consenting the child’s mother, he securely transferred a short video of the child’s examination. We reviewed the video together on the phone and, after recognizing the opsoclonus characteristic of Centruroides envenomation, we treated the child with scorpion antivenom. The patient was safely discharged to home a few hours later, asymptomatic. Reflecting on the experience of this video diagnosis, it occurred to me that medical toxicologists were among the earliest pioneers in the field of telemedicine. However, the nature of telemedicine is rapidly growing and changing. Are toxicologists and poison centers doing enough to keep up with the tide of information technology? What will the remote toxicology practice of the future look like?
Negotiating the afterlife: emplacement as ongoing concern in contemporary Japan

This article analyzes how Japanese handle problematic situations involving the care of the dead. Drawing upon narratives of hauntings, dream visitations, and split-grave internments, and other ethnographic data collected in northern Japan, we show the central importance of ongoing ritual attention and attentiveness to the needs of the dead as a means of maintaining proper emplacement of ancestral spirits. We argue that ongoing concerns about maintaining connections between the dead and their proper loci is a manifestation of concerns about constructing and maintaining social relationships among the living and between the living and the dead, providing a way to physically represent and work through social problems displaying interdependencies. In their emphasis on emplacement as an ongoing process, our informants' narratives reveal a different way of thinking about the divide between the living and the dead, and the possibility of its transcendence through the actions of the living.
Trichinella spiralis: Generation in the presence of rat serum of factors chemotactic for rat cells

Abstract Chemotaxis of rat peritoneal cells, of which the eosinophil was the predominant migratory cell type, toward incubates of Trichinella spiralis was studied using a modified Boyden chamber. Excysted muscle larvae, preadults, and adults were incubated in a buffered medium for 20 hr at 37 C. Worms were incubated alone or with serum or spleen cells, or both, from immune and nonimmune rats. Incubates of worm stages alone possessed no chemotactic activity as compared with incubation medium as a negative control and zymosan-activated serum as a positive control. Both normal and immune sera tested alone stimulated cell migration to the same degree. Incubates of spleen cells from either normal or immunized hosts did not show chemotactic activity. Chemotaxis caused by normal and immune sera were not altered by incubation with homologous spleen cells. Addition of larva, preadults, and adult worms to sera, however, enhanced chemotactic activity over sera alone. Chemotaxis caused by larvae plus immune sera was significantly greater than that stimulated by larvae plus normal sera. This difference decreased when preadults were substituted for larvae and was not observed when adult worms were used. Reversal of the chemical gradients showed that active cell migration caused by various incubates was due to Chemotaxis.
Atmospheric effects on the photosensitive response of poly(methylphenylsilane) thin films

Abstract Agile ready-when-needed patterning of refractive index structures in photosensitive materials requires an understanding of the impact of local application environment on mechanisms contributing to the desired photoinduced index change. The present work examines the impact of atmosphere on the photosensitive response of poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS) thin films whose high photoinduced index change under low incident optical fluence make them attractive candidates for such applications. Changes in optical absorption and refractive index are investigated after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light resonant with the lowest energy transition exhibited by the Si–Si backbone structure in the material. A comparison between photoinduced absorption changes for thin films exposed in an air atmosphere versus those observed for samples subjected to a nitrogen environment during photoexposure is made for the first time. The study reveals that the anaerobic conditions of the nitrogen atmosphere significantly reduce the photosensitive response of the material to light. These results are discussed in terms of photooxidation processes within the polysilane structure and in the context of the need for predictable photosensitive refractive index change in varied photoimprinting environments.
Kinetic Results for Mutations of Conserved Residues H304 and R309 of Human Sulfite Oxidase Point to Mechanistic Complexities

Several point mutations in the gene of human sulfite oxidase (hSO) result in isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency, an inherited metabolic disorder. Three conserved residues (H304, R309, K322) are hydrogen bonded to the phosphate group of the molybdenum cofactor, and the R309H and K322R mutations are responsible for isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency. The kinetic effects of the K322R mutation have been previously reported (Rajapakshe et al., Chem. Biodiversity, 2012, 9, 1621–1634); here we investigate several mutants of H304 and R309 by steady-state kinetics, laser flash photolysis studies of intramolecular electron transfer (IET), and spectroelectrochemistry. An unexpected result is that all of the mutants show decreased rates of IET but increased steady-state rates of catalysis. However, in all cases the rate of IET is greater than the overall turnover rate, showing that IET is not the rate determining step for any of the mutations.
Differential ability of Ambystoma tigrinum hepatic microsomes to produce mutagenic metabolites from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines

Abstract A number of carcinogenic aromatic amines when activated by liver microsomes from a salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, are mutagenic for Salmonella tester strains sensitive to frameshift mutagens. However, 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and perylene) that are rendered mutagenic by mammalian microsomes are not activated by Ambystoma mixed-function oxidases. BaP was chosen for study because it is a well-known environmental carcinogen; perylene, an isomer of BaP, has been implicated as an etiological agent in cutaneous neoplasia in Ambystoma. These results support the observation that amphibians are quite resistant to PAH carcinogenesis and suggest that aromatic amines may be more appropriate model carcinogens.
Serotonin modulates offensive attack in adolescent anabolic steroid-treated hamsters.

Chronic anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) treatment during adolescence facilitates offensive aggression in male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The current study assessed whether adolescent AAS-facilitated offensive attack was modulated by serotonin (5-HT) and if AAS exposure during this developmental period influenced 5-HT innervation to areas of hamster brain implicated in aggressive behavior. In a first experiment, hamsters were administered high-dose AAS throughout adolescence, and then scored for offensive attack following the systemic administration of saline or fluoxetine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor. Saline-treated hamsters showed high levels of offensive attack, while treatment with fluoxetine attenuated the AAS-facilitated aggressive response. In a second experiment,were administered high-dose AAS or sesame oil throughout adolescence, tested for offensive attack and then examined for differences in 5-HT innervation to areas of the hamster brain important for aggression. Aggressive AAS-treated hamsters showed significant reductions in the number of 5-HT immunoreactive (5-HT-ir) varicosities and fibers in several of these areas, most notably the anterior hypothalamus (AH), ventrolateral hypothalamus (VLH) and medial amygdala (MeA). However, no differences in 5-HT afferent innervation were found in other aggression areas, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and lateral septum (LS). Together, these results support a role for altered 5-HT innervation and function in adolescent AAS-facilitated offensive aggression.
Transmyocardial laser revascularization dose response: enhanced perfusion in a porcine ischemia model as a function of channel density.

Abstract Background . Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) appears to provide symptomatic relief to patients with ischemic heart disease, but evidence that TMR enhances perfusion to ischemic myocardium remains limited. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether there exists a TMR dose–response relationship that is a function of channel number. We therefore compared restoration of blood flow as analyzed by rest and stress 99m Tc-sestamibi scans and histologic grading of neovascularization after 50-channel, 25-channel, or 10-channel TMR using the excimer laser in an established model of porcine myocardial ischemia. Methods . Yorkshire swine underwent a thoracotomy and placement of an ameroid constrictor around the proximal circumflex coronary artery. Three weeks later, the animals underwent resting and adenosine stress 99m Tc-sestamibi scans for evaluation of ischemia immediately before repeat thoracotomy and TMR with either 50 channels (n = 4), 25 channels (n = 4), or 10 channels (n = 4) in the circumflex territory. The animals underwent repeat perfusion analyses 4 weeks later, after which the animals were sacrificed and the hearts were perfusion fixed for histologic evaluation of neovascularization. Results . All animals survived to sacrifice. Semiquantitative analyses of the sestamibi perfusion scans 4 weeks after lasing demonstrated significant improvement ( p p p > 0.05). Histologic assessment of neovascularization demonstrated significantly greater number of microvessels per low-power field in the 50- versus the 25- and 10-channel groups ( p Conclusions . In an animal model of myocardial ischemia, TMR appears to enhance myocardial perfusion. A dose–response relationship related to channel number may be of significance when evaluating the efficacy of various treatment strategies.
Multimodality imaging of an appendiceal intussusception

Appendiceal intussusception is a rare entity. The majority of cases reported in the literature address surgical and colonoscopic approaches to treatment of the condition. The existing radiologic literature largely describes the sonographic and double-contrast enema findings of appendiceal intussusception. We present a case of appendiceal intussusception and describe the air-contrast enema, sonographic and CT findings.
Transaction Costs and Environmental Markets: The Role of Entrepreneurs

AbstractAt the core of environmental economics is the potential for a divergence between private and social costs (based on the work of A. C. Pigou) and the potential for private contracts to shrin...
Synthesis of sulfomucopolysaccharides in thyroidectomized rats.

The thyroid glands of rats were made non-functional by a single dose of iodine-131 on the 1st day after birth or by surgical removal on the 28th day. The incorporation of sulfate-sulfur into the sulfomucopolysaccharides of skeletons and pelts was found to be significantly depressed by thyroidectomy. Daily supplements of 5 or 10 γ of L-thyroxine, started on the 28th day, increased the uptake of sulfur-35, although it did not reach normal in the 2 weeks of treatment. Autoradiograms of sections of tibiae and pelts confirmed the analytical data. The findings suggest that the synthesis of sulfomucopolysaccharides is depressed in thyroidectomized rats.
Maximizing the Chances of a Color Match

(2005). Maximizing the Chances of a Color Match. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 132-137.
Safety Profile and Efficacy of Cefotaxime for the Treatment of Hospitalized Children

Cefotaxime has been used to treat serious bacterial infections in children since 1982. With the predominant use of cephalosporins in pediatrics, reports of adverse effects of certain compounds have increased. A retrospective review is presented of 2,243 cases of children receiving therapy with cefotaxime in order to evaluate the safety profile and efficacy of cefotaxime in the treatment of serious infections in hospitalized children. Overall, 57 (2.5%) children experienced adverse reactions. These included local reactions in 6 (0.3%), rash in 28 (1.2%), diarrhea in 15 (0.97%), vomiting in 10 (0.7%), abdominal pain in 1 (0.1%), headache in 3 (0.4%), and drug fever in 1 (0.1%). No cases of hemolytic anemia, bleeding, or hyperbilirubinemia were found. Efficacy of treatment for different disease categories ranged from 90.5% to 100%. The percentage of children in any treatment group with a particular laboratory abnormality following initiation of cefotaxime therapy ranged from 0% to 2.6%, and rates of superinfection with bacteria or Candida were 0.4% to 1.7%. Cefotaxime has the distinct advantage of high rates of efficacy and low rates of complications and superinfection among children hospitalized for serious infections.
Hepatocyte growth factor as a second trimester marker for preeclampsia

PREECLAMPSIA CHRISTOPHER ROBINSON, DONNA JOHNSON, Medical University of South Carolina, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charleston, South Carolina OBJECTIVE: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a hormone produced by placental trophoblasts, is recognized as an important cytokine involved in placental development. HGF knockout animal models display a phenotype of placental insufficiency. HGF has been shown to be reduced in human serum at the onset of clinical preeclampsia. This study was undertaken to determine if serum HGF levels are altered in the second trimester prior to the onset of clinical preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: Following IRB approval, serum drawn from 15-20 weeks gestation was obtained from 70 C storage for healthy controls and patients who developed severe preeclampsia as defined by ACOG criteria. Patients were matched for age and gestational age at blood draw. HGF concentration was quantitated by ELISA and reported as mean G standard deviation in pg/mL. Statistical analysis was performed with independent sample T test, chi square, and Fisher’s exact test where appropriate. RESULTS: 44 controls and 37 patients with severe preeclampsia were enrolled. Age (p=0.48) and gestational age at blood draw (p=0.27) were both similar between groups. However, HGF was not different in second trimester serum in patients who later developed severe preeclampsia compared to healthy normotensive patients (1330 G 690 vs. 1130 G 580, p=0.27). CONCLUSION: Although HGF has been reported to be altered in serum of patients who have clinical manifestations of preeclampsia, it does not appear to be altered earlier as measured in the second trimester. HGF alone is not a candidate marker for early detection of preeclampsia as measured in the second trimester.
Structural Stability of Homothetic Solutions of the Collinear n-Body Problem

We investigate specific homothetic solutions of then-body problem which both begin and end in a simultaneous collision of all of the particles. Under a suitable change of variables, these solutions become heteroclinic orbits, i.e., they lie in the intersection of the stable and unstable manifolds of distinct equilibrium points. Our main result is that these manifolds intersect transversely along these orbits. This proves that the homothetic solutions are structurally stable.
Differences in apparent straightness of dot and line stimuli.

An investigation has been made of anisotropic responses to contoured and noncontoured stimuli to obtain an insight into the way these stimuli are processed. For this purpose, eight subjects judged the alignment of minimally contoured (3 dot) and contoured (line) stimuli. Stimuli, presented to each eye separately, vertically subtended either 8 or 32 deg visual angle and were located 10 deg left, center, or 10 deg right in the visual field. Location-dependent deviations from physical straightness were larger for dot stimuli than for lines. The results were the same for the two eyes. In a second experiment, subjects judged the alignment of stimuli composed of different densities of dots. Apparent straightness for these stimuli was the same as for lines. The results are discussed in terms of alternative mechanisms for analysis of contoured and minimally contoured stimuli.
Serial sectioning of sentinel nodes in patients with breast cancer: A pilot study

Background: Recent reports indicate that the sentinel node, defined as the first regional lymph node to receive lymphatic fluid from the breast, accurately represents the metastatic status of the primary breast cancer. However, routine single section examination of the regional nodes, including the sentinel node, underestimates the true incidence of metastases. The goal of this study is to determine whether multiple sectioning of sentinel nodes will detect occult metastases in operable breast cancer.
Production rates of toxic gases from liquid swine manure: Health implications for workers and animals in swine confinement buildings

Abstract Gas production rates from three liquid swine manure storage structures (SS) were monitored over a 12-month period. All three SS were under slatted-floor buildings. Rates of gas production were monitored relative to various chemical and physical parameters of the manure, such as pH, temperature and manure removal. A gas collection device was constructed which captured gas over a known surface area of the manure. This gas was quantified, and the proportions of hydrogen sulfide, methane and carbon dioxide were determined. Manure in SS under the farrowing building produced 8–20 times more gas per cubic meter of manure than manure from nursery and finishing buildings. This apparently was due to the high ammonia and volatile acids in the latter two SS inhibiting biological activity. Gas production per cubic meter of manure decreased following emptying, especially when done in a cool season. It was felt this reduced gas production was due both to reduced critical biomass and a loss of heat in the biomass. When the manure temperature fell below 18°C, there was a significant decrease in gas production. Therefore, gas production was significantly less in the winter than in the summer. This phenomenon was especially pronounced in a modified open-front building. Winter manure temperatures and gas production were thus affected by building design. Ambient pit off-gassing does not appear to be a problem, in terms of build-up of toxic gases in the environment, as long as buildings are ventilated in accordance with the Midwest Plan Service guidelines. Winter ventilation rates were more than adequate to handle ambient gas generation from these SS. However, excess atmospheric ammoni is a common problem, indicating that there are other sources of ammonia (i.e. feces and urine on top of floors or slats). Spike release of hydrogen sulfide during manure agitation is a problem that may overload the ventilation system, resulting in acutely toxic environments.
Ten motion picture tests on perceptual abilities.

The work reported here describes a variety of new measures of perceptual abilities. At present these tests must be considered research instruments only. With further development, these instruments ...
Religious Associations and the Formation of Political Catholicism in Vienna, 1848 to the 1870s

One of the ironies of the Revolution of 1848 in Austria is that one of the most attacked institutions, the Roman Catholic Church, was able to draw the most benefit from the revolutionary upheaval. By the time Cardinal-Archbishop Eduard Milde returned to his palace in the Wollzeile from his safe mountain retreat, the dreaded Katzenmusik (mock serenading) had died down and it was clear that real social reform, not to speak of social revolution, was dead as well. Along the way, however, Catholic agitators, including Catholic priests, had learned how to use the revolution to further their own purposes.