cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental Demonstration of Complete 180° Reversal of Magnetization in Isolated Co Nanomagnets on a PMN-PT Substrate with Voltage Generated Strain.

Rotating the magnetization of a shape anisotropic magnetostrictive nanomagnet with voltage-generated stress/strain dissipates much less energy than most other magnetization rotation schemes, but its application to writing bits in nonvolatile magnetic memory has been hindered by the fundamental inability of stress/strain to rotate magnetization by full 180°. Normally, stress/strain can rotate the magnetization of a shape anisotropic elliptical nanomagnet by only up to 90°, resulting in incomplete magnetization reversal. Recently, we predicted that applying uniaxial stress sequentially along two different axes that are not collinear with the major or minor axis of the elliptical nanomagnet will rotate the magnetization by full 180°. Here, we demonstrate this complete 180° rotation in elliptical Co nanomagnets (fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate) at room temperature. The two stresses are generated by sequentially applying voltages to two pairs of shorted electrodes placed on the substrate such that the ...
Old Texts and New Media: Jewish Books on the Move and a Case for Collaboration

Abstract “Footprints: Jewish Books Through Time and Place” is a database and research project designed to trace books-in-motion. It brings together acts of careful individual research with large-scale quantification and mapping: using inscriptions, owner’s marks, and catalogs of copies of early Jewish printed books. The project is a cooperative endeavor of four project directors, both faculty and librarian, from different institutions, each representing different fields of Jewish Studies. With the technical expertise of partners at a university-based center for teaching and learning, a mix of paid and volunteer student, postdoctoral, and library based researchers, the project directors have created a database that is transforming the way research on the history of the book is done. This chapter will address collaboration in three aspects: between project directors; between the project and its contributors (individual and institutional, public and private); and between contributors and users. The chapter argues for a new model of iterative projects that relies in part on networked collaboration rather than only on operations in concert by a small, bounded group.
Amyloid Myopathy Presenting with Dysphagia and an Inclusion Body Myositis Phenotype (P2.119)

Objective: To describe a case of amyloid myopathy due to AL amyloidosis presenting with a sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM)-like phenotype including dysphagia. Background: AL amyloidosis is a hematologic disorder characterized by the deposition of fibrils of immunoglobulin light chains in tissues. While kidney, heart, and nerve are the most commonly involved, muscle involvement is well-recognized. Patients typically present with proximal weakness, and myopathic symptoms may pre-date the amyloidosis diagnosis. Design/Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: A 76-year-old man was referred for evaluation of progressive dysphagia. He was diagnosed with AL amyloidosis four years prior after presenting with heart and renal failure. He underwent chemotherapy but was shown to have declining cardiac function on an echocardiogram. He endorsed four years of progressive dysphagia and four to five years of progressive leg weakness. The neuromuscular examination was notable for a flaccid dysarthria. He had weakness of the arms and legs, most severe in the quadriceps where strength was barely antigravity. Mild finger flexor weakness was present. EMG revealed increased insertional activity, and the early recruitment of brief, polyphasic motor units. A vastus lateralis biopsy was pursued, as differentiation between sporadic IBM and amyloid myopathy would change management from the hematologic perspective. The biopsy revealed endomysial and perivascular amyloid deposits. The patient’s cardiac function declined, and he died of presumed cardiac arrhythmia or aspiration one month following myopathy diagnosis. Conclusions: Muscle involvement was likely present but not recognized at the time of presentation. Dysphagia is not previously described in amyloid myopathy. Features of the patient’s phenotype, including the preferential involvement of his quadriceps, were suggestive of IBM. Amyloidosis should be considered in patients with this pattern of weakness. Though amyloid deposits are a pathological feature of IBM, its pathogenesis is thought to be distinct from that of myopathy in primary amyloidosis. Disclosure: Dr. Jacobson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gallagher has nothing to disclose. Dr. Feldman has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis as a member of Data Safety Monitoring Board.
Sailors’ Snug Harbor: A Landscape of Gender and Power

Sailors’ Snug Harbor was a nineteenth century private charitable institution on the northern shore of Staten Island in what is now one of the boroughs of New York City (Fig. 8.1). It was the first home built specifically for retired seamen in the United States (Hardin 1983). This chapter focuses on the complex power dynamics reflected in this institution’s gendered landscape. Gendered landscapes can be found in diverse archaeological locations including residential sites, work places, military sites, religious sites, and institutional settings such as reformatories, prisons, and almshouses. Sailors’ Snug Harbor evolved within the context of almshouses in the colonial and early national periods, but unlike most almshouses that served both men and women, Sailors’ Snug Harbor was established exclusively for males. But because Sailors’ Snug Harbor employed women as well as men, its history reflects a gendered landscape within which issues of power and class were played out.
Chapter 6 - The Economics of Cultural Awards

Abstract This chapter considers the economic dimensions of prizes and awards in the arts. It first treats the role of awards in the markets for artistic goods: their effect on sales, earnings, and consumer demand, and their function as judgment devices or quality signals. Also discussed are the costs of mounting an awards program, and the economics of awards administration and presentation. The chapter then takes up a broader set of economic considerations, beyond those of commerce as such, discussing the role of prizes as a form of symbolic capital in the economy of prestige. This symbolic role includes their reputation effects and relation to cultural branding; their function as a form of incentive for artists; their capacity to predict or determine an eventual canon of esteemed works; and their value within an increasingly international system of cultural status hierarchies. Having surveyed the existing literature, the chapter concludes by noting economists’ narrow and excessive emphasis on the material consequences of prizes, and the many fundamental areas of inquiry that remain wide open for future research. These include the economics of sponsorship, particularly philanthropic sponsorship; the role of social capital and the system of exchange and reciprocity involving judges, recipients, and administrators; and the economics of the awards industry as a whole, its global dispersion, and its large-scale functions and effects within the creative economy.
Phased Small RNAs in Rice

Small RNAs have emerged as important regulators of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. Plant small RNAs are cleaved from longer fully or partially double-stranded RNA by Dicer. In most small RNA pathways, populations of overlapping small RNAs are produced. However, in some pathways double-stranded RNA molecules having unique start sites for cleavage are generated, and processive cleavage of these double-stranded RNAs generates a population of non-overlapping, phased small RNAs. Rice contains at least 40-fold more phased small RNA-generating loci than Arabidopsis, and mutations in genes involved in the biogenesis of phased small RNAs have much more severe phenotypes in rice and maize than in Arabidopsis. These considerations suggest that pathways producing phased small RNAs play a more important role in monocots than in Arabidopsis. To put this new development in context here we review the biogenesis and functions of phased small RNAs in rice.
Mobile Virtual Environments in Pervasive Computing

Recently, human computer interaction has shifted from traditional desktop computing to the pervasive computing paradigm where users are engaged with everywhere and anytime computing devices. Mobile virtual environments (MVEs) are an emerging research area that studies the deployment of virtual reality applications on mobile devices. MVEs present additional challenges to application developers due to the restricted resources of the mobile devices, in addition to issues that are specific to wireless computing, such as limited bandwidth, high error rate and handoff intervals. Moreover, adaptive resource allocation is a key issue in MVEs where user interactions affect system resources, which, in turn, affects the user’s experience. Such interplay between the user and the system can be modelled using game theory. This chapter presents MVEs as a real-time interactive distributed system, and investigates the challenges in designing and developing a remote rendering prefetching application for mobile devices. Furthermore, we introduce game theory as a tool for modelling decision-making in MVEs by describing a game between the remote rendering server and the mobile client.
Differences in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN) among younger and older cancer survivors.

e22022Background: Older age is associated with an increased risk of CIN, which can precipitate falls and functional decline. However, among cancer survivors with CIN, it is unknown if patient-repor...
Theory of the Brain and Mind: Visions and History

Abstract This chapter reviews the history of neural network modeling of the brain and mind. The original impulse to link biology and technology led to the founding of the International Neural Network Society, the journal Neural Networks, and the International Joint Conferences on Neural Networks. Yet many of the active researchers in the neural network field are not connected to those institutions. The chapter advocates various changes in the scientific culture that would help to reunite computational neuroscience with neural network theory and thereby come closer to realizing the dreams of INNS's founders.
Start Making Sense: Understanding Information Processing within Augmented Organizations

In this theoretical paper, I attempt to address the question, “Why is it that organizations employ information technologies in the ways that they do?” I position the challenge of organizing within ...
Can Intelligent Agent Improve Human-Machine Team Performance Under Cyberattacks?

This paper presents a preliminary work of a simulation study for the evaluation of human-machine team (HMT) performance with assistance of a sentinel system under cyberattacks. Sentinel system is an intelligent agent of cyberattack-detection kit, whose user interface (UI) was designed and implemented as a proof-of-concept in the simulation. The goal for this sentinel system is to improve the pilots’ Situation Awareness (SA) of the system vulnerability and resiliency, such that the HMT performance can be improved against disruptive events. Based on the literature of cyberattacks on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control systems, realistic mission operation and cyberattack scenarios were identified and implemented on a simulated UAV ground control station (GCS). In the follow-up experiment, up to twenty-four Air Force pilots will be instructed to supervise the UAVs under specific mission scenarios, and to respond for system recovery solutions generated on Sentinel UI after detection of cyberattacks. Understanding the interactive behaviors of the pilot and Sentinel under mission contexts and cyberattacks is expected to help improve HMT performance.
Avoiding drill-down fallacies with VisPilot: assisted exploration of data subsets

As datasets continue to grow in size and complexity, exploring multi-dimensional datasets remain challenging for analysts. A common operation during this exploration is drill-down-understanding the behavior of data subsets by progressively adding filters. While widely used, in the absence of careful attention towards confounding factors, drill-downs could lead to inductive fallacies. Specifically, an analyst may end up being "deceived" into thinking that a deviation in trend is attributable to a local change, when in fact it is a more general phenomenon; we term this the drill-down fallacy. One way to avoid falling prey to drill-down fallacies is to exhaustively explore all potential drill-down paths, which quickly becomes infeasible on complex datasets with many attributes. We present VisPilot, an accelerated visual data exploration tool that guides analysts through the key insights in a dataset, while avoiding drill-down fallacies. Our user study results show that VisPilot helps analysts discover interesting visualizations, understand attribute importance, and predict unseen visualizations better than other multidimensional data analysis baselines.
Performance Comparison of Minimum Variance, Market and Eigen Portfolios for US Equities

The Sharpe ratios and PNL curves of minimum variance, market and eigenportfolios for stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index are calculated. We employed in this study a) the exponential function to approximate the measured cross correlations of the end of day (EOD) returns for US equities in DJIA, and b) their empirical correlation and covariance matrices to design the three portfolio types, and compare their market performance from May 4, 1999 to November 1, 2018. It is shown that the performances of portfolios derived by using exponential model based and empirical correlation and covariance matrices are consistent. We also displayed the PNL curve of DIA for performance comparison. It is observed from these PNLs that the first eigenportfolio significantly outperforms the other portfolios and DIA.
Public Engagement with Official-Source Content in Crisis

Authoritative online information is especially important in disaster, when social media users are seeking out time- and safety-critical information. In this work we investigate how people engage with the posts by authoritative accounts that fall into five social roles-politicians, government agencies, media, weather experts, and humanitarian organizations. More specifically, we explore whether in their disaster-time sensemaking activities social media users engage with the content from different types of authoritative sources differently, and why. We find that tweets by politicians garner most replies and shares, but not due to prevalence in them of tweet features that facilitate visibility and engagement-hashtags, URLs, and images. We find that while higher popularity of political accounts plays a role in higher engagement, it does not fully explain the differences. Preliminary qualitative analysis suggests that politicized event-related posts by politicians and politicized public response to their even innocuous tweets may affect engagement.
The key frame extracting algorithm for record and analysis of psychological sand-play therapy video

Sand-play therapy is a very effective means of psychological counseling, but it has a very high demand for counseling technology and concentration of the counselors. If digital video processing technology is used to record videos and extract important events, it will greatly reduce the work of counselors and provide multiple help. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of sand-play therapy video analysis, this paper studied the existing video key frame extraction technology, implemented three key frame extraction algorithms and carried out in-depth experimental analysis. Finally, an improved key frame extraction method based on inter-frame correlation of RGB color space is proposed for sand-play therapy video recording, which achieves accurate key frame extraction and effectively reduces the number of redundant key frames.
G protein-coupled receptor allosteric modulators: understanding modulator affinity and pharmacological dose

Abstract Allosteric modulators represent a key modality to drug G protein-coupled receptors. In this chapter, we highlight the role of allosteric modulator affinity (KB) in defining the pharmacological profile necessary for in vivo efficacy. Using simulation approaches with the Stockton-Ehlert and the allosteric operational models, we investigate the role of KB in allosteric modulator action. The relationship between orthosteric agonist concentration, affinity, and allosteric parameters defines the pharmaceutical potential of positive and negative allosteric modulators. Simulations demonstrate that positive allosteric modulators with weak affinities or low exposures may be compensated by having high allosteric cooperativity. To understand the pharmacology of G protein-coupled receptor allosteric modulators, we need to obtain information about the in vivo concentrations of orthosteric agonists and coupling efficiencies of endogenous tissues. Quantification and optimization of the KB parameter within allosteric modulator structure-activity relationships is an underappreciated aspect of allosteric modulator drug design. The development of radioligands and binding assays to determine allosteric modulator affinities will greatly facilitate these efforts. Modulator affinity is a key determinant of pharmacological dose and manipulation of this will allow the design of allosteric modulators with superior pharmacological properties, and thus, the generation of effective allosteric GPCR-directed medicines.
Industry payments to female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgeons: an analysis of Sunshine Act open payments from 2014–2017

We aim to examine the financial relationship between industry and female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgeons (FPMRS) during the first four full calendar years since the implementation of the Sunshine Act. All board-certified FPMRS specialists were identified using the American Board of Medical Specialties directory. Program directors (PDs) were identified using an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) database. All identified physicians were categorized by gender, specialty, and American Urological Association (AUA) region. Payment data for each individual from 2014 to 2017 were accessed using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments website. Statistical analyses were performed to elucidate payment trends. Of the 1,307 FPMRS physicians identified, 25.1% (n = 328) are urology-trained and 74.9% (n = 979) are obstetrics/gynecology (OB/GYN)-trained. Of all physicians analyzed, 6.8% had no reported payments over the 4-year period. 90.1%, 86.5%, 85.3%, and 84.4% received some sort of payment in 2014 to 2017 respectively. Median total payments for all physicians decreased yearly, whereas mean payments decreased from 2014 to 2015 before increasing in all subsequent years. Median general payments were higher for men versus women, urology-trained versus OB/GYN-trained, and PDs versus non-PDs in all years analyzed. The largest contributor to overall payments was the “others” compensation category, which includes gifts, royalties, honoraria, and non-continuing medical education speaking engagements. Since institution of the Sunshine Act, the percentage of physicians receiving payments has decreased each year. Additionally, there has been a decrease in median total payments and an increase in yearly research payments in all years analyzed.
Look-Ahead Transit Signal Priority Control with Self-Organizing Logic

AbstractIn this paper, a model for transit signal priority control is presented. The model is based on an adaptive signal control called self-organizing logic (which evolved from fully actuated con...
Resistance of the murine cornea to bacterial colonization during experimental dry eye

The healthy cornea is remarkably resistant to infection, quickly clearing deliberately inoculated bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Contrasting with the adjacent conjunctiva and other body surfaces, it also lacks a resident viable bacterial microbiome. Corneal resistance to microbes depends on intrinsic defenses involving tear fluid and the corneal epithelium. Dry eye, an ocular surface disease associated with discomfort and inflammation, can alter tear fluid composition and volume, and impact epithelial integrity. We previously showed that experimentally-induced dry eye (EDE) in mice does not increase corneal susceptibility to P. aeruginosa infection. Here, we explored if EDE alters corneal resistance to bacterial colonization. EDE was established in mice using scopolamine injections and dehumidified air-flow, and verified by phenol-red thread testing after 5 and 10 days. As expected, EDE corneas showed increased fluorescein staining versus controls consistent with compromised epithelial barrier function. Confocal imaging using mT/mG knock-in mice with red-fluorescent membranes revealed no other obvious morphological differences between EDE corneas and controls for epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. EDE corneas were imaged ex vivo and compared to controls after alkyne-functionalized D-alanine labeling of metabolically-active colonizing bacteria, or by FISH using a universal 16S rRNA gene probe. Both methods revealed very few viable bacteria on EDE corneas after 5 or 10 days (median of 0, upper quartile of ≤ 1 bacteria per field of view for each group [9-12 eyes per group]) similar to control corneas. Furthermore, there was no obvious difference in abundance of conjunctival bacteria, which included previously reported filamentous forms. Thus, despite reduced tear flow and apparent compromise to corneal barrier function (fluorescein staining), EDE murine corneas continue to resist bacterial colonization and maintain the absence of a resident viable bacterial microbiome.
Linguistic Landscape Images and Québec’s Cultural Narrative in French Textbooks

The chapter reports results of an investigation of linguistic landscape (LL) in images of Quebec in 65 systematically sampled first-year French textbooks, over the fifty-year period from 1960 to 2010. A total of 311 images were found with over half of these appearing in the decade beginning in 2000. The sequential, explanatory mixed methods study design produced a quantitative summary of the number of images picturing French language in public spaces in Quebec; it also offered a qualitative analysis of how the language in LL images contributes to the meaning conveyed by the images as well as how the images contribute to the pedagogical tasks in the textbook. Results indicate some use of LL images throughout this period, but very few good models integrating LL images with pedagogy.
Understanding How Staphylococcal Autolysin Domains Interact With Polystyrene Surfaces

Biofilms, when formed on medical devices, can cause malfunctions and reduce the efficiency of these devices, thus complicating treatments and serving as a source of infection. The autolysin protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis contributes to its biofilm forming ability, especially on polystyrene surfaces. R2ab and amidase are autolysin protein domains thought to have high affinity to polystyrene surfaces, and they are involved in initial bacterial attachment in S. epidermidis biofilm formation. However, the structural details of R2ab and amidase binding to surfaces are poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated how R2ab and amidase influence biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces. We have also studied how these proteins interact with polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) using biophysical techniques. Pretreating polystyrene plates with R2ab and amidase domains inhibits biofilm growth relative to a control protein, indicating that these domains bind tightly to polystyrene surfaces and can block bacterial attachment. Correspondingly, we find that both domains interact strongly with anionic, carboxylate-functionalized as well as neutral, non-functionalized PSNPs, suggesting a similar binding interaction for nanoparticles and macroscopic surfaces. Both anionic and neutral PSNPs induce changes to the secondary structure of both R2ab and amidase as monitored by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. These changes are very similar, though not identical, for both types of PSNPs, suggesting that carboxylate functionalization is only a small perturbation for R2ab and amidase binding. This structural change is also seen in limited proteolysis experiments, which exhibit substantial differences for both proteins when in the presence of carboxylate PSNPs. Overall, our results demonstrate that the R2ab and amidase domains strongly favor adsorption to polystyrene surfaces, and that surface adsorption destabilizes the secondary structure of these domains. Bacterial attachment to polystyrene surfaces during the initial phases of biofilm formation, therefore, may be mediated by aromatic residues, since these residues are known to drive adsorption to PSNPs. Together, these experiments can be used to develop new strategies for biofilm eradication, ensuring the proper long-lived functioning of medical devices.
Music therapy effectiveness by duration in patients with cancer: a meta-regression

Objectives Several reviews and meta-analyses have reported on music therapy for physical and emotional well-being among patients with cancer. However, the duration of music therapy offered may range from less than 1 hour to several hours. The aim of this study is to assess whether longer duration of music therapy is associated with different levels of improvement in physical and mental well-being. Methods Ten studies were included in this paper, reporting on the endpoints of quality of life and pain. A meta-regression, using an inverse-variance model, was performed to assess the impact of total music therapy time. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for the outcome of pain, among low risk of bias trials. Results Our meta-regression found a trend for positive association between greater total music therapy time and improved better pain control, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion There is a need for more high-quality studies examining music therapy for patients with cancer, with a focus on total music therapy time and patient-related outcomes including quality of life and pain.
RESILIENCE ACROSS THE TRANSITION TO CANCER SURVIVORSHIP

Resilience is highly relevant in the context of cancer, and understanding how survivors adapt and potentially thrive following their diagnosis and treatment may provide insights into better support...
Social Choices and Comparative Negligence: Resurrecting Galena

This article reexamines in light of modern comparative negligence rules a century old rule of tort law originated by the Illinois Supreme Court in Galena & Chicago Union Railroad v. Jacobs.. The Galena rule assigns liability on the basis of comparative negligence with no apportionment of damages between the parties; the most negligence party pays all the damages. Such a rule of nonapportioned comparative negligence is Pareto superior to apportioned comparative negligence, traditional contributory negligence, and indeed, to any other modern or ancient tort rule, in that it provides a distinct and preferable mechanism for reaching social goals viewed as "economic" in nature. Using mathematical models of alternative tort rules, this article demonstrates that the Galena rule provides parties engaged in risky activities with incentives to prevent accidents whenever doing so is optimal. It never encourages prevention at a cost higher than that minimally necessary even when the least cost prevention method requires complementary efforts by the parties. In practice, it is easier to implement than the apportioned comparative negligence because it requires less complicated information and mathematical calculations by the parties and juries involved. This implies an increased likelihood of appropriate decisions by juries and appropriate behavior by individual parties. Moreover, the Galena rule operates on the basis of fault, thereby providing a moral basis for its acceptance. The article also offers mathematical models of pure and modified comparative negligence, demonstrating that they are likely to produce desirable incentives in the vast majority of cases and produce over- and under-deterrence only in unimportant cases. Because economic analysis identifies the implications of choosing a rule, this analysis is applied to other goals - compensation, fairness, and safety.
Polyol formation and NADPH-dependent reductases in dog retinal capillary pericytes and endothelial cells.

PURPOSE. Dogs fed a diet containing 30% galactose experience retinal vascular changes similar to those in human diabetic retinopathy, with selective pericyte loss as an initial lesion. In the present study the relationship among reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)dependent reductases, polyol formation, and flux through the polyol pathway in cultured dog retinal capillary cells were investigated. METHODS. Pericytes and endothelial cells were cultured from retina of beagle dogs. NADPHdependent reductases were characterized by chromatofocusing after gel nitration. Sugars in cultured cells were analyzed by gas chromatography, and flux through the polyol pathway was investigated by 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose (3FG) as a substrate. The presence of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in these cells was examined by northern blot analysis. RESULTS. TWO distinct peaks corresponding to aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase, the latter being dominant, were observed in pericytes by chromatofocusing. Culture in medium containing either 10 mM D-galactose or 30 mM D-glucose resulted in the accumulation of sugar alcohol in pericytes that was markedly reduced by aldose reductase inhibitors. 19 F NMR spectra obtained from pericytes cultured for 5 days in medium containing 2 mM 3FG displayed the marked accumulation of 3-fluoro-deoxysorbitol but not 3-fluoro-deoxyfructose. No 3FG metabolism was observed in similarly cultured endothelial cells. With northern blot analysis, aldose reductase was detected in pericytes but not in endothelial cells. Sorbitol dehydrogenase was below the detectable limit in pericytes and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS. Aldose, aldehyde, and glyceraldehyde reductases are present in dog retinal capillary pericytes, with aldehyde reductase being the major reductase present. Polyol accumulation easily occurs in pericytes but not in endothelial cells. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:697-704)
A result about a selection problem of Michael

It is shown that a continuum that is an S4 space in the sense of Michael must be hereditarily decomposable. This improves known results, thereby providing more evidence that such continua must be dendrites.
Essential tremor and disability: A biobehavioral conditioning model

Essential tremor (ET), the most common neurological movement disorder, reaches its peak prevalence in the 7th decade of life. Research has shown a linear relationship between duration of ET and tremor severity. Similarly, tremor disability and comorbid social anxiety are age-related phenomena. Until recently, most discussions of ET and related disability have had an entirely biomedical focus. A contemporary theory of tremor disability and social anxiety among older adults with ET based on principles of behavior is presented. Recommendations for further research are suggested.
Development of renewable energy resources in Greece: Policy initiatives and systemic constraints

The National Renewable Energy Plan, adopted by the government in 1988, set some ambitious targets for the development of renewable energy resources in Greece. A review of the state of development of these resources indicates that the plan's objectives for the year 2000 will not be met. The slow pace of development is attributed to a number of financial, regulatory, structural and attitudinal constraints. The nature and severity of these constraints are analysed, and a comprehensive strategy designed to overcome them is proposed.
Play hard, work hard

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the relationship between workplace fun and three elements of job performance: task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors and creative performance. Positive affect and engagement are proposed as mediators of the relationships between fun at work and performance. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 245 working individuals who worked in a variety of organizational roles was used. Respondents completed an online survey to assess elements of workplace fun, positive affect and engagement. Participants were also asked to have a supervisor at work complete an online survey to assess their work performance. Findings – Fun at work was positively and directly related to organizational citizenship behavior, and positively and indirectly to both task performance and creative performance. In addition, individuals having fun at work were also more likely to be more engaged in their work, and consequently exhibit greater creative performance. Originality/value – This...
An Examination of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Maltreated Multiracial Youth

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among maltreated youth removed from their homes. These symptoms might be particularly evident in multiracial youth, although little research exists on this vulnerable population. A model whereby depression, dissociation, and posttraumatic cognition symptoms contributed to symptoms of PTSD met goodness-of-fit criteria in 160 maltreated multiracial adolescents. Enhanced model fit was found for females and for adolescents 11 to 13 years old. Analyses further revealed that the best predictors of PTSD symptoms were negative cognitions about the world and anhedonia. The findings are discussed within the context of existing theoretical models of PTSD. The results further highlight the importance of ethnically and racially sensitive approaches to assessment and treatment of youth with PTSD symptoms.
Notes on some Panorpa from northeastern North America with the redescription of Panorpa insolens (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)

Abstract Three closely related species of the Panorpa banksiana species group, P. dissimilis Carpenter, P. gracilis Carpenter, and P. palustris Byers are distinguishable by differences in the male genitalia and distribution. Panorpa debilis Westwood is shown to consist of five forms, differing in characteristics of the aedeagal hamulus, ventral parameres, and distributions. The exact identity of P. debilis and P. canadensis Banks is determined from the study of the type or recently collected examples from near the type locality. Because the ventral parameres of P. nebulosa Westwood and P. flexa Carpenter are often curved and crossed apically in both species, leading to misidentifications, a characteristic of the dististyles is shown to distinguish the two. The presence of P. confusa Westwood is confirmed in Virginia, and the appearance of its ventral parameres is discussed. Panorpa longicornis Carpenter, P. subfurcata Westwood, and P. subulifera Byers are transferred to the P. virginica group, and differe...
Thermodynamic Properties of the XO2, X2O, XYO, X2O2, and XYO2 (X, Y = Cl, Br, and I) Isomers

High level ab initio electronic structure calculations at the coupled cluster level with a correction for triples extrapolated to the complete basis set limit have been made for the thermodynamics of the BrBrO2, IIO2, ClBrO2, ClIO2, and BrIO2 isomers, as well as various molecules involved in the bond dissociation processes. Of the BrBrO2 isomers, BrOOBr is predicted to be the most stable by 8.5 and 9.3 kcal/mol compared to BrBrO2 and BrOBrO at 298 K, respectively. The weakest bond in BrOOBr is the O−Br bond with a bond dissociation energy (BDE) of 15.9 kcal/mol, and in BrBrO2, it is the Br−Br bond of 19.1 kcal/mol. The smallest BDE in BrOBrO is for the central O−Br bond with a BDE of 12.6 kcal/mol. Of the IIO2 isomers, IIO2 is predicted to be the most stable by 3.3, 9.4, and 28.9 kcal/mol compared to IOIO, IOOI, and OIIO at 298 K, respectively. The weakest bond in IIO2 is the I−I bond with a BDE of 22.2 kcal/mol. The smallest BDEs in IOIO and IOOI are the terminal O−I bonds with values of 19.0 and 5.2 kca...
Trichinella spiralis: Effect of environmental temperature on mice

Abstract Effects of environmental temperature on Trichinella spiralis-infected mice were studied. Groups of mice were acclimated to temperatures of 8–10 C, 20–25 C, and 36 C for a period of 5 days and then were exposed to 100 infective juveniles of T. spiralis via stomach intubation. After being maintained at the above temperatures for 5 days, they were examined for adult worms. Results indicate that mice maintained at 36 C tend to harbor significantly higher numbers of adults and that there is a direct relationship between temperature and worm number. Effects of mouse strain differences on these results were also examined. Of those strains tested, inbred Swiss albino mice proved to be superior hosts for T. spiralis.
LEVEL AND DISPERSION OF SATISFACTION IN TEAMS: USING FOCI AND SOCIAL CONTEXT TO EXPLAIN THE SATISFACTION-ABSENTEEISM RELATIONSHIP

We develop an integrative theory regarding the effects of mean levels and dispersion of satisfaction predicting absenteeism. Differential interactive predictions are derived for two satisfaction foci and tested in two distinct samples. Among student teams, absenteeism from team meetings was highest when team (internally focused) satisfaction mean and dispersion were both lower, but low when course (externally focused) satisfaction mean and dispersion were both lower. Moreover, given lower dispersion, the mean team satisfaction-absenteeism relationship appeared stronger, whereas the same relationship involving course satisfaction appeared weaker than meta-analyzed individual-level relationships. We replicated these results among manufacturing teams using team and job satisfaction foci.
Trimetaphosphate‐Induced Addition of Aspartic Acid to Oligo(glutamic acid)s

When a solution containing 0.01M decaglutamic acid, 0.1–1.0M aspartic acid, 1.0M MgCl2, and 0.5M sodium trimetaphosphate is allowed to stand at temperatures in the range 0–50°, addition products containing up to ten aspartic acid residues are formed. Addition occurs to the side-chain carboxy moieties, not to the terminal amine of the decaglutamic acid. A number of other amino acids including glutamic acid, glycine, and histidine fail to react with decaglutamic acid under the same conditions. We believe that the activation of aspartic acid leads to the formation of a cyclic anhydride that is the key intermediate in the reaction.
Effects of either glucose or fructose and metabolic regulators on bovine embryo development and lipid accumulation in vitro.

Our objective was to determine if replacing glucose with fructose would decrease cytoplasmic lipid accumulation during culture of embryos with or without regulators of metabolism. In vitro-produced bovine zygotes were cultured 60 hr in chemically defined medium-1 (CDM-1) plus 0.5% BSA and 0.5 mM fructose or glucose in Experiment 1, and glucose in Experiment 2. In both experiments, 8-cell embryos were next cultured 135 hr in CDM-2 plus 2 mM fructose or glucose in factorial combination with five treatments: (Experiment 1: control, 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 0.3 microM phenazine ethosulfate (PES), 30 microM dinitrophenol (DNP), and PES + DNP), and (Experiment 2: control, PES, PES + DNP, and 1 and 3 microg/ml cerulenin (C1 and C3)). Day 7.5 blastocysts were stained with Sudan Black B to quantify cytoplasmic lipid droplets as small (SD, 6 microm). Blastocyst rates per oocyte were 22% (Experiment 1) and 15% (Experiment 2) higher (P < 0.05) for fructose than glucose. For Experiment 1, numbers of MD were lower for PES, DNP, and PES + DNP than control and FCS (P < 0.05). LD were lower for PES and DNP than control, and higher for FCS than all other treatments (P < 0.05). For Experiment 2, MD were lower (P < 0.05) for PES, and PES + DNP than C1, C3, and control. For LD, PES was lower (P < 0.05) than control, C1, and C3, but not different from PES + DNP. The only effect of hexose on lipids was that fructose resulted in fewer MD (P < 0.01) in Experiment 2. In conclusion, fructose produced more blastocysts than glucose, and PES reduced lipid accumulation.
Heuristics and Biases in Data-Based Decision Making: Effects of Experience, Training, and Graphical Data Displays

Abstract Managers use numerical data as the basis for many decisions. This research investigates how data on prior advertising expenditures and sales outcomes are used in budget allocation decisions and attempts to answer three important questions about data-based inferences. First, do biases exist that are strong enough to lead to seriously suboptimal decisions? Second, do graphical data displays, real-world experience, or explicit training reduce any observed biases? Third, are the observed biases well explained by a relatively small set of natural heuristics that managers use when making data-based allocation decisions? The results suggest answers of yes, no, and yes, respectively. The authors identify three broad classes of heuristics: difference-based (which assess causation by comparing adjacent changes in expenditures to changes in sales), trend-based (which assess causation by comparing overall trends in expenditures and sales), and exemplar-based (which emulate the allocation pattern of the obser...
The timing and division of parental transfers to children

Abstract We find parents divide various assets differently among children. Inter vivos transfers - cash gifts and co-residence - are made preferentially to poorer children. In contrast, transfers made at death (insurance benefits and wills) are awarded to children irrespective of income differences.
On the partial difference equations of mathematical physics

Problems involving the classical linear partial differential equations of mathematical physics can be reduced to algebraic ones of a very much simpler structure by replacing the differentials by difference quotients on some (say rectilinear) mesh. This paper will undertake an elementary discussion of these algebraic problems, in particular of the behavior of the solution as the mesh width tends to zero. For present purposes we limit ourselves mainly to simple but typical cases, and treat them in such a way that the applicability of the method to more general difference equations and to those with arbitrarily many independent variables is made clear.
Acute toxicities of selected heavy metals to the softshell clam, Mya arenaria.

Static acute toxicity bioassays with adult softshell clams and salts of copper, cadmium, zinc, lead, manganese, and nickel were conducted at 30 ‰ salinity and 22°C. Concentrations fatal to 50% in 168 hours, in mg/l (ppm) metal added at start, were 0.035 for Cu, 0.150 for Cd, 1.55 for Zn, 8.80 for Pb, 300.0 for Mn, and >50.0 for Ni. Additional tests were conducted with Zn2+ and Cu2+ at 30 ‰ during fall (17.5°C) and winter (4°C); clams displayed increasing survival with decreasing temperature. For Cu, LC-50 (336 hr) values at 17°C and 4°C were 0.086 and >3.00 mg/l, respectively; for Zn these were 2.65 and >25.0, respectively.
Indentation of an incompressible elastic film

The problem of impressing a rigid flat-ended cylindrical indenter onto an incompressible elastic film is considered. An integral transform solution is developed to reduce the solution of the problem to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind with a symmetrical kernel depending on the boundary conditions (frictionless/bonded) in the areas of contact. The relationship between the applied load and the indentation depth is derived, which provides a guideline for measuring the elastic constants of thin films and determining the degree of adhesion between a thin film and a stiffer substrate.
Emerging Strategies in Mileage-Based User Fees: Reducing Costs and Increasing Public Acceptance

Inflation and improved fuel economy have undermined revenue from federal and state excise taxes on gasoline and diesel; this situation has made it challenging to maintain and expand the nation's road network. With more stringent federal fuel economy standards and the emergence of alternative fuels threatening to accelerate this problem in future years, policymakers have begun to explore mileage-based user fees as a long-term replacement for fuel taxes. Unaffected by fuel type or fuel economy, mileage fees would provide more sustainable revenue, and the system could be structured to promote more efficient use of the roads, offer value-added motorist services, and collect travel data to support better network planning and operations. Mileage fees will likely cost more to administer than will fuel taxes, however, and the concept faces acceptance challenges related to privacy protection and other concerns. These obstacles in turn have spurred great innovation. On the basis of recent studies, trials, and imple...
Photoreactions of γ,δ-Unsaturated Chromium Carbene Complexes

A number of functionalized γ,δ-unsaturated chromium carbene complexes were synthesized, and their photochemistry was studied. Photolysis of carbene complexes 5 and 17 induced intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition to afford cyclobutanones 6 and 18, respectively. If the photoreactions were not run in thoroughly degassed solvents, small amounts of lactones 7 and 19 were obtained as well. Cyclobutanones 6 and 18 were stable once isolated, but underwent an acid-catalyzed Pinacol rearrangement/hydrolysis transformation in acidic solution to afford novel α-hydroxy-substituted bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanone compounds 20 and 21. Photolysis of cyclopropyl carbene complex 28 induced a vinylcyclopropyl rearrangement involving the photogenerated ketene moiety to provide α-alkoxy cyclopentenone 29.
Functional representation of power-law random fields and time series

Abstract Current methods of generating stationary random fields having power-law spectra are based on fast Fourier transforming an array of random numbers with zero mean and unit variance to wave space. Multiplication by the desired spectrum weight function, followed by inverse transformation to physical space then yields the sample field. We show that the desired spectral weightings can be generated directly in physical space, using the successive random addition methods previously employed for graphical display of random fractals, and derive expressions for the constants of the process in terms of the spectrum amplitude and exponent. A formula for the random number call sequence can be derived for the random addition process, eliminating the need for field array storage. This makes representation of random fields by a single computational function of the physical coordinates possible. Correspondingly, the scale range and dimension covered by the field function is limited only by machine word length. The same method can be used to represent time series with power-law frequency spectra functional form, or to include time-dependence in random field problems.
Studies of self-inactivation of bovine seminal fluid NAD glycohydrolase.

Summary Bovine seminal fluid NAD glycohydrolase (NADase) was observed to be rapidly inactivated during catalytic hydrolysis of the substrate NAD. The first-order rate constant for the self-inactivation process was independent of enzyme concentration. The enzyme self-inactivation was a turnoverrelated process and the number of moles of NAD hydrolyzed required for inactivation was proportional to the enzyme concentration. A number of dinucleotides serving as substrates for the enzyme also promoted selfinactivation. The self-inactivation was an irreversible process having a different rate-limiting step from NAD hydrolysis and was not related to the reversible binding of products and substrate-competitive inhibitors. Modification of arginine residues of the enzyme resulted in the loss of NAD hydrolase activity with no differential effect on the self-inactivation process.