cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Design of Buildings using Semantic BIM and Semantic Web Services

Abstract In response to the growing concerns about climate change and the environment, sustainable design of buildings is increasingly demanded by building owners and users. However, fast evaluation of various design options and identification of the optimized design requires application of design analysis tools such as energy modeling, daylight simulations, and natural ventilation analysis software. Energy analysis requires access to distributed sources of information such as building element material properties provided by designers, mechanical equipment information provided by equipment manufacturers, weather data provided by weather reporting agencies, and energy cost data from energy providers. Gathering energy related information from different sources and inputting the information to an energy analysis application is a time consuming process. This causes delays and increases the time for comparing different design alternatives. This paper discusses how Semantic Web technology can facilitate information collection from several sources for energy analysis. Semantic Web enables sharing, accessing, and combining information over the Internet in a machine process-able format. This would free building designers to concentrate on building design optimization rather than spending time on data preparation and manual entry into energy analysis applications.
IGF-1 Cellular Action and its Relationship to Cancer: Evidence from in Vitro and in Vivo Studies

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which include insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) are mitogenic and anti-apoptotic growth factors that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation and cell death. The mitogenic and anti-apoptotic properties of IGF-I and IGF-II affect both normal and cancerous cells. The effects of the IGFs on cell growth and apoptosis are ­mediated through binding to a tyrosine kinase receptor, the insulin-like growth ­factor-I receptor (IGF-IR). The IGF-IIR (the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor – M6P-R) is a single transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates the uptake and processing of M6P-containing cytokines, enzymes and peptide hormones and is involved in diverse functions related to lysosome biogenesis. IGF-II also binds the insulin receptor isoform-A (IR-A), with high affinity and can trigger mitogenic activity. IR and IGF-IR form hybrid heterodimeric receptors that bind insulin and IGFs. However, the role of the hybrid receptors in physiology and ­carcinogenesis is not fully understood and remains an area of active investigation.
The Sale of Donors’ Eggs: A Case Study of Why Congress Must Modify the Capital Asset Definition

Female infertility plagues a large segment of the reproductive population. In response to this problem, doctors have developed several techniques to fertilize and implant eggs into women that cannot produce their own. These techniques have heightened the demand for donors' eggs. Infertility clinics now offer donors lucrative financial incentives to sell their eggs.During the egg retrieval process, donors must dedicate several hours of their time and endure some physical discomfort. For political reasons, infertility clinics assert that they compensate donors' for their service, rather than their eggs. Consistent with their political position, infertility clinics issue tax information returns to donors indicating that the donors' role is service oriented.A more compelling argument can be made, however, that infertility clinics compensate donors not for their services, but for their eggs. Because eggs constitute property, donors thus experience a gain when they sell their eggs. This gain qualifies for preferential tax treatment because donors' eggs fall squarely within the broad scope of the "capital asset" definition provided under the Internal Revenue Code ("Code"). Based upon its policy objectives, however, Congress would likely not sanction this outcome.
Posterior augmented glenoid implants require less bone removal and generate lower stresses: a finite element analysis

Hypothesis Glenoid retroversion can be corrected with standard glenoid implants after anterior-side asymmetric reaming or by using posterior augmented glenoid implants with built-in corrections. The purpose of this study was to compare 2 augmented glenoid designs with a standard glenoid design, measure the amount of bone removed, and compute the stresses generated in the cement and bone. Methods Finite element models of 3 arthritic scapulae with varying severities of posterior glenoid wear were each implanted with 4 different implant configurations: standard glenoid implant in neutral alignment with asymmetric reaming, standard glenoid implant in retroversion, glenoid implant augmented with a posterior wedge in neutral alignment, and glenoid implant augmented with a posterior step in neutral alignment. The volume of cortical and cancellous bone removed and the percentage of implant back surface supported by cortical bone were measured. Stresses and strains in the implant, cement, and glenoid bone were computed. Results Asymmetric reaming for the standard implant in neutral version required the most bone removal, resulted in the lowest percentage of back surface supported by cortical bone, and generated strain levels that risked damage to the most bone volume. The wedged implant removed less bone, had a significantly greater percentage of the back surface supported by cortical bone, and generated strain levels that risked damage to significantly less bone volume. Conclusions The wedged glenoid implants appear to have various advantages over the standard implant for the correction of retroversion. Level of evidence Basic Science Study; Computer Modeling
Study of Bk 249 , Am 241 , and Pa 231 with proton transfer reactions

Proton single-particle states have been studied in the isotopes $^{249}\mathrm{Bk}$, $^{241}\mathrm{Am}$, and $^{231}\mathrm{Pa}$. The reaction ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, t$) was utilized in the three studies. Additionally, the reaction ($^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $d$) was used in the study of levels in $^{249}\mathrm{Bk}$. Many new levels were observed and some could be interpreted in terms of single-particle orbitals. Also several assignments previously made on the basis of radioactive decay studies were confirmed by the orbital signatures seen in the proton transfer spectra. Single-particle energies are extracted from the experimental data. Deformations of the nuclear central potential are deduced for $^{249}\mathrm{Bk}$ and $^{241}\mathrm{Am}$. By use of the parameters of the central field for $^{249}\mathrm{Bk}$, the ${f}_{\frac{7}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{f}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ splitting is deduced for mass 250 at zero deformation and estimated for mass 300.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}(^{3}\mathrm{He}, d)$, $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$, $^{240}\mathrm{Pu}$, $^{230}\mathrm{Th}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, t)$ $E=29$ MeV; measured $E$ (excitation), $\ensuremath{\sigma}$; deduced orbitals, s.p. energies, deformations in $^{249}\mathrm{Bk}$, $^{241}\mathrm{Am}$, $^{231}\mathrm{Pa}$.
Writing the Intifada Collective Action in the Occupied Territories

The five-year-old Palestinian uprising, the intifada, was the first of many mass mobilizations against nondemocratic rule to appear in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, East Asia, and the former Soviet Union between 1987 and 1991. Although the Palestinian struggle against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip is seldom included by the media or by social scientists in their treatments of this putative wave of “democratization,” many studies of the uprising are available. Although largely atheoretic in their construction of the intifada and in their explanations for it, the two general questions posed by most of these authors are familiar to students of collective action and revolution. On the one hand, why did it take twenty years for the Palestinians to launch the uprising? On the other hand, how, in light of the individual costs of participation and the negligible impact of any one person's decision to participate, could it have occurred at all? The work under review provides broad support for recent trends in the analysis of revolution and collection action, while illustrating both the opportunities and the constraints associated with using monographic literature as a data base.
A Switched-Capacitor RF Front End With Embedded Programmable High-Order Filtering

We propose a switched-capacitor radio-frequency (RF) front end achieving an equivalent high-order, tunable, highly linear RF filtering to improve the out-of-band (OB) blocker tolerance. RF input impedance matching, $N$ -path filtering, high-order discrete-time infinite-impulse response (IIR) filtering, and down-conversion are implemented using only switches and capacitors in a 0.1–0.7 GHz prototype with tunable center frequency, programmable filter order, and very high tolerance for OB blockers. The 40 nm CMOS frontend consumes 38.5–76.5 mA, achieves 40 dB gain, 24 dBm OB IIP3, 14.7 dBm 1 dB blocker compression point (B1dB) for a 30 MHz blocker offset, 6.8–9.7 dB noise figure, and $ > $ 66 dB calibrated harmonic rejection ratio.
Electrical Conductivity in Solid Solutions of La5-xMxMo3O16.5+x/2 (M: Ce4+ and Th4+; 0.0 ≤ x < 0.3) with a Fluorite-Related Structure.

The title solid solutions, all having a CaF2-related structure (La5Mo3O16.5: space group Pn3n, Z=4) are prepared by solid state reactions of MO2 (M: Ce, Th), MoO2, MoO3, and La2O3 at 960 °C (evacuated silica tube, 3 d).
Effect of antipyretic analgesics on immune responses to vaccination

While antipyretic analgesics are widely used to ameliorate vaccine adverse reactions, their use has been associated with blunted vaccine immune responses. Our objective was to review literature evaluating the effect of antipyretic analgesics on vaccine immune responses and to highlight potential underlying mechanisms. Observational studies reporting on antipyretic use around the time of immunization concluded that their use did not affect antibody responses. Only few randomized clinical trials demonstrated blunted antibody response of unknown clinical significance. This effect has only been noted following primary vaccination with novel antigens and disappears following booster immunization. The mechanism by which antipyretic analgesics reduce antibody response remains unclear and not fully explained by COX enzyme inhibition. Recent work has focused on the involvement of nuclear and subcellular signaling pathways. More detailed immunological investigations and a systems biology approach are needed to precisely define the impact and mechanism of antipyretic effects on vaccine immune responses.
A Bottom-Up Approach to Applying Graphical Models in Security Analysis

Graphical models have emerged as a widely adopted approach to conducting security analysis for computer and network systems. The power of graphical models lies in two aspects: the graph structure can be used to capture correlations among security events, and the quantitative reasoning over the graph structure can render useful triaging decisions when dealing with the inherent uncertainty in security events. In this work we leverage these powers afforded by graphical model in security analysis. Given that the analyst is the intended user of the model, the most difficult task for research in this area is to understand the real world constraints under which security analysts must operate with. Those constraints dictate what parameters are realistically obtainable to use in the designed graphical models, and what type of reasoning results can be useful to analysts. We present how we use this bottom-up approach to design customized graphical models for enterprise network intrusion analysis. In this work, we had to design specific graph generation algorithms based on the concrete security problems at hands, and customized reasoning algorithms to use the graphical model to yield useful tools for analysts.
Experimental Investigation of the Processes of Fossilization

Investigation of the early, preburial phases of the taphonomic (fossilization) process leads to an enhanced understanding of the fossil record. The simple laboratory experiment described herein demonstrates the relative rates of decay and disarticulation of hard-parts, nonmineralized skeletal parts, and internal soft-parts of animals, plants, and fungi. Experimental conditions involving marine and fresh water, oxic and anoxic water, and protected and unprotected subaerial (terrestrial) depositional settings mimic a broad spectrum of depositional environments. Results from the experiment, which are in good agreement with preservational patterns in the fossil record as a whole, help students understand what organisms and body parts are preserved under ordinary depositional conditions. They also help students interpret some of the major controls on the extraordinary preservation of organisms in such units as the Burgess Shale (Cambrian), the Chengjiang Lagerstatte (Cambrian), the Mazon Creek Lagerstatte (Pen...
In Memoriam: Dr. Shigeru Muraki

A brief biography of Dr. Shigeru Muraki is given highlighting his professional achievements.
Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Spiritual Life. By Nancy Koester. (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2014. Pp. xi, 371. $24.00.)

This author's focus on Harriet Beecher Stowe's spiritual life restores an element crucial to understanding the world Stowe inhabited. Nancy Koester argues persuasively that religion was central to ...
Uneasy Stories: Critical Reflection Narratives in Engineering Education

To respond to the calls of governmental, academic, and industrial leaders for critical changes in engineering education, engineering programs throughout the country refocused their mission and aspiration to include explicit statements about supporting development of engineers who are not only experts in their fields but also possess critical thinking and related skills. However, operationalization of these mission statements has been problematic, if not impossible, for most institutions. Using two case studies to drive its argument, this chapter spotlights one model for bringing critical into development of critically reflective engineers. We describe the ways in which a course on critical reflection embedded within the formal engineering curriculum that nonetheless allows for cross-pollination between formal and informal aspects of student experience at Olin College of Engineering allows for critical learning opportunities. Using Carper’s framework, we demonstrate how “personal way of knowing” can be integrated with professional ways of knowing to support development of more critically reflective engineer—bringing to the fore other ways of knowing, critical and creative, in engineering education. We further share a bit of our respective stories underscoring what motivates us to promote critical reflection in academia, and how such reflection transformed our two specific stories of integrated vision for change.
Isoelectric point separations of peptides and proteins

The separation of ampholytic components according to isoelectric point has played an important role in isolating, reducing complexity and improving peptide and protein detection. This brief review outlines the basics of isoelectric focusing, including a summary of the historical achievements and considerations in experimental design. Derivative methodologies of isoelectric focusing are also discussed including common detection methods used. Applications in a variety of fields using isoelectric point based separations are provided as well as an outlook on the field for future studies.
Urban political ecology III: The feminist and queer century

Given the ongoing importance of nature in the city, better grappling with the gendering and queering of urban political ecology offers important insights that collectively provides important politi...
What's the Folk Theory? Reasoning About Cyber-Social Systems

The present paper explores people’s folk theories of cyber-social systems by identifying the metaphors people hold and then analyzing them semantically for underlying attitudes and beliefs. In Study 1 (N = 3375) we use a novel method for eliciting metaphors for how people understand the Facebook News Feed and Twitter. In Study 2 (N = 1547) we used factor analysis to aggregate these metaphors into underlying folk theories for both Facebook and Twitter. In Study 3 (N = 1597) we replicate the factor analysis from Study 2 and examine the semantic dimensions for each of the folk theories across these two cyber-social systems, finding that there are four primary folk theories that people hold for the News Feed and Twitter: the rational assistant, the unwanted observer, the transparent platform and the corporate black box. The implications of identifying and understanding these folk theories for these cyber-social systems are discussed.
Influence of Durum Genotype on Whole Wheat and Traditional Spaghetti Qualities

This research was conducted to determine if genotypes selected for their superior traditional semolina pasta quality would also make the best whole wheat pasta. Results from 19 durum wheat cultivars and 17 breeding lines grown at 19 different environments in North Dakota showed that physical and cooking qualities varied differently for whole wheat and traditional spaghettis, respectively. Ward’s clustering segregated the 36 genotypes into five groups based on whole wheat spaghetti quality. Groups 1 and 2 (21 genotypes) produced good to high-quality whole wheat pasta that displayed high mean values for cooked firmness (4.3 and 4.1 g·cm), mechanical strength (31.3 and 31.0 g), and color (brightness, 34.92 and 34.54), respectively. Groups 4 and 5 produced poor quality whole wheat pasta that had low cooked firmness (both 3.5 g·cm) and high cooking loss (10.1 and 10.4%). Grain protein content (≥13.9%) was found with high quality of whole wheat spaghetti. Of the 36 genotypes evaluated, 21 and 3 genotypes produc...
Extensions to Online Feature Selection Using Bagging and Boosting

Feature subset selection can be used to sieve through large volumes of data and discover the most informative subset of variables for a particular learning problem. Yet, due to memory and other resource constraints (e.g., CPU availability), many of the state-of-the-art feature subset selection methods cannot be extended to high dimensional data, or data sets with an extremely large volume of instances. In this brief, we extend online feature selection (OFS), a recently introduced approach that uses partial feature information, by developing an ensemble of online linear models to make predictions. The OFS approach employs a linear model as the base classifier, which allows the $l_{0}$ -norm of the parameter vector to be constrained to perform feature selection leading to sparse linear models. We demonstrate that the proposed ensemble model typically yields a smaller error rate than any single linear model, while maintaining the same level of sparsity and complexity at the time of testing.
Perspectivist Chicano Studies, 1970-1985

This essay examine the development and failure of Perspectivist Chicano Studies. By the late 1960s Chicano(a) academics constructed several views of Chicano Studies. Not all Chicanos(as) followed El Plan de Santa Barbara nor interpreted it in the same manner; several expressions of Chicano Studies existed. This essay traces one such articulation through the writings of Romano and Carranza who develop perspectivism. In the academy the writings of Rodriguez and Rocco manifest Perspectivist Chicano Studies. Moreover in the writings of Atencio and the activists of Hijos del sol we encounter a non-academic expression of this view of Chicano Studies. The essay ends with the failure of Perspectivist Chicano Studies to challenge the rise of an empirical driven Chicano Studies.
Metabolism of the new synthetic cannabinoid EG-018 in human hepatocytes by high-resolution mass spectrometry

The present study aims to recommend appropriate urinary marker metabolites for documenting EG-018 consumption by investigating its metabolism in human hepatocytes. For metabolite profiling, 10 µM EG-018 was incubated in human hepatocytes for 3 h. Metabolite identification in hepatocyte samples was accomplished with high-resolution mass spectrometry via information-dependent data acquisition. EG-018 was highly metabolized in human hepatocytes. A total of eight metabolites were characterized, mainly generated from hydroxylation and carbonylation on the pentyl chain. Dihydrodiol formation, N-dealkylation, and glucuronidation of hydroxylated metabolites were the other major pathways. The primary metabolites of EG-018 in human hepatocyte incubation were pentyl hydroxylated EG-018 (M6) and pentyl carbonylated EG-018 (M8). These two metabolites are proposed as the best urinary markers for confirming EG-018 intake.
Risk of Falls in Parkinson's Disease after Deep Brain Stimulation (P04.184)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors associated with falling in patients with Parkinson9s disease (PD) who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) as compared to those who received best medical therapy (BMT) in a randomized controlled trial. BACKGROUND: Falls are a major source of morbidity and disability in patients with PD. Although motor function improved significantly with DBS, there were also significantly more events for falls for the DBS group vs BMT group during 6 months of follow-up. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the major risk factors associated with falling after DBS. DESIGN/METHODS: Data from a randomized controlled trial comparing the 6-month outcomes for patients with PD who received DBS vs. BMT were analyzed. Multiple variables for demographics and disease symptoms of the two groups and those of the fallers and nonfallers in the DBS group were compared using statistical univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: During the 6 months of follow-up, 41% or 75 of 182 subjects (men=148; mean age=61.8; mean years taking PD medications=10.6) in the DBS group fell as compared to 22 of 134 subjects (16%; men=110; mean age=62.3 years; mean years taking PD medications=12.6) in the BMT group (p CONCLUSIONS: Preventing falls is of paramount importance in the care of patients with PD. A subgroup of patients may be at a higher risk for falls after DBS. Special attention to fall risk using management plans should be implemented to avoid this potentially serious adverse event after an otherwise very beneficial treatment. Supported by: Department of Veterans Affairs, NINDS, and Metronic Neurological. Disclosure: Dr. Lai has received personal compensation from Forest Pharmaceuticals, Allergan, Pfizer, UCB and Novartis Pharmaceuticals for speaking programs and consulting services. Dr. Lai received research support for activities from Medtronic and Allergan. Dr. Bryant has nothing to disclose. Dr. Luo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Follett has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stern has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reda has received personal compensation for activities with Otonomy, Inc. as an advisory board member. Dr. Weaver has nothing to disclose.
Biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake: implications for diatom preservation

Diatom-salinity records from sediment cores have been used to construct climate records of saline-lake basins. In many cases, this has been done without thorough understanding of the preservation potential of the diatoms in the sediments through time. The purpose of this study was to determine the biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake and evaluate the potential effects of silica cycling on diatom preservation. During the period of record, 1867–1999, lake levels have fluctuated from 427 m above sea level in 1940 to 441.1 m above sea level in 1999. The biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake is dominated by internal cycling. During the early 1990s when lake levels were relatively high, about 94% of the biogenic silica (BSi) produced in Devils Lake was recycled in the water column before burial. About 42% of the BSi that was incorporated in bottom sediments was dissolved and diffused back into the lake, and the remaining 58% was buried. Therefore, the BSi accumulation rate was about 3% of the BSi assimilation rate. Generally, the results obtained from this study are similar to those obtained from studies of the biogeochemistry of silica in large oligotrophic lakes and the open ocean where most of the BSi produced is recycled in surface water. During the mid 1960s when lake levels were relatively low, BSi assimilation and water-column dissolution rates were much higher than when lake levels were high. The BSi assimilation rate was as much as three times higher during low lake levels. Even with the much higher BSi assimilation rate, the BSi accumulation rate was about three times lower because the BSi water-column dissolution rate was more than 99% of the BSi assimilation rate compared to 94% during high lake levels. Variations in the biogeochemistry of silica with lake level have important implications for paleolimnologic studies. Increased BSi water-column dissolution during decreasing lake levels may alter the diatom-salinity record by selectively removing the less resistant diatoms. Also, BSi accumulation may be proportional to the amount of silica input from tributary sources. Therefore, BSi accumulation chronologies from sediment cores may be effective records of tributary inflow.
Optimal Economic Growth

The theory of optimal economic growth is a branch of economic theory that makes direct and sophisticated use of the theory of optimal control. As such, the models of optimal economic growth that have been devised and reported in the economics literature are relatively easy for a person who has mastered the material of Chapters 3 and 4 of this book to comprehend. Among other things, this chapter shows how aspatial optimal economic growth theory may be extended to study optimal growth of interdependent regions in a national economy. Moreover, working through the analyses presented in this chapter provides a means of assessing and improving one’s mastery of the key mathematical concepts from the theory of optimal control that were introduced in previous chapters, especially the analysis and interpretation of optimality conditions and singular controls.
Single telomere length analysis in Ustilago maydis , a high-resolution tool for examining fungal telomere length distribution and C-strand 5’-end processing

Telomeres play important roles in genome stability and cell proliferation. Telomere lengths are heterogeneous and because just a few abnormal telomeres are sufficient to trigger significant cellular response, it is informative to have accurate assays that reveal not only average telomere lengths, but also the distribution of the longest and shortest telomeres in a given sample. Herein we report for the first time, the development of single telomere length analysis (STELA) - a PCR-based assay that amplifies multiple, individual telomeres - for Ustilago maydis, a basidiomycete fungus. Compared to the standard telomere Southern technique, STELA revealed a broader distribution of telomere size as well as the existence of relatively short telomeres in wild type cells. When applied to blm∆, a mutant thought to be defective in telomere replication, STELA revealed preferential loss of long telomeres, whose maintenance may thus be especially dependent upon efficient replication. In comparison to blm∆, the trt1∆ (telomerase null) mutant exhibited greater erosion of short telomeres, consistent with a special role for telomerase in re-lengthening extra-short telomeres. We also used STELA to characterize the 5' ends of telomere C-strand, and found that in U. maydis, they terminate preferentially at selected nucleotide positions within the telomere repeat. Deleting trt1 altered the 5'-end distributions, suggesting that telomerase may directly or indirectly modulate C-strand 5' end formation. These findings illustrate the utility of STELA as well as the strengths of U. maydis as a model system for telomere research.
Automated Time Series Measurement of Microbial Concentrations in Groundwater-Derived Water Supplies.

Fecal contamination by human and animal pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, is a potential human health hazard, especially with regards to drinking water. Pathogen occurrence in groundwater varies considerably in space and time, which can be difficult to characterize as sampling typically requires hundreds of liters of water to be passed through a filter. Here we describe the design and deployment of an automated sampler suited for hydrogeologically and chemically dynamic groundwater systems. Our design focused on a compact form to facilitate transport and quick deployment to municipal and domestic water supplies. We deployed a sampler to characterize water quality from a household well tapping a shallow fractured dolomite aquifer in northeast Wisconsin. The sampler was deployed from January to April 2017, and monitored temperature, nitrate, chloride, specific conductance, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter on a minute time step; water was directed to sequential microbial filters during three recharge periods that ranged from 5 to 20 days. Results from the automated sampler demonstrate the dynamic nature of the household water quality, especially with regard to microbial targets, which were shown to vary 1 to 2 orders of magnitude during a single sampling event. We believe assessments of pathogen occurrence and concentration, and related assessments of drinking well vulnerability, would be improved by the time-integrated characterization provided by this sampler.
Provisional argumentation and lucretius’ honeyed cup

Given that Lucretius offers a systematic and cohesive explanation of the workings of nature, we should not expect inconsistencies in his poem. The explanation presented by Lucretius emphatically rejects any interventionist divine machinery of the cosmos, offering in its place the eminently regular dynamics of atomic configuration and dissolution, which can explain everything that pertains to natural philosophy without necessitating the activity of any divinity. The reader who understands the basics of Lucretius’ philosophy, therefore, should be surprised that the DRN begins with an anthropomorphic description of the goddess Venus, whom the poet petitions to intervene actively in human affairs. Lucretius gradually refines this initial presentation of the goddess’ essence throughout the poem, suggesting that the Venus who inaugurates the poem must be nuanced once one has learned the basic principles of Epicurean philosophy. At the end of DRN 4, Venus is presented not as a divine being but as nothing more than the sexual drive shared by all creatures in nature (haec Venus est nobis, 4.1058). Historically scholars have been keen to ‘correct’ perceived inconsistencies such as this, either by arguing that such imperfections derive from later interpolators or by appealing to the incomplete nature of the text as we possess it. Of course, no one has suggested that Lucretius would have changed or removed the proem, so the Venus problem remains an issue. One major aim of this article is to show that the process we witness with Lucretius’ Venus is not inconsistent but programmatic, a point grasped by many with regard to Venus herself but not in respect to the DRN as a whole. In other words, this article extends this insight about Lucretius’ Venus, whose providential attributes are only provisionally attached to her at the outset of the poem and, in due course, are completely removed. In fact, I will argue that the technique of gradually redefining initial propositions—a process I will refer to as provisional argumentation—fundamentally informs Lucretius’ famous metaphor of the honeyed cup, and I will suggest that we ought to recognize this technique as a major aspect of Lucretius’ discursive method throughout the DRN.
Communicating Meaning in the Intelligence Enterprise

Intelligence community experts face challenges communicating the results of analysis products to policy makers. Given the high-stakes nature of intelligence analyses, the consequences of misinforma...
The wing pattern of Hydriomena Hübner, [1825] (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) lacks a predictable relationship with venation

Two simple models have been successfully applied to predict the relationship between wing pattern and venation in various lineages of Lepidoptera. However, neither of these models holds for the geometrid genus Hydriomena Hubner, 1825. Wing patterns in Hydriomena were studied intensively during the 1920s after the description of the nymphalid groundplan, an idealized schematic that outlines the primary elements of butterfly wing patterns; geometrids strongly resemble butterflies and, until recently, were considered to be among their closest relatives. The evolution of wing pattern in Geometridae has been neglected since the 1930s. Here, the relationship between wing pattern and venation is examined for Hydriomena costipunctata Barnes and McDunnough, 1912 and the Hydriomena speciosata (Packard, 1873) group. These two lineages have some of the simplest wing patterns in Hydriomena, consisting of large, well-defined dark and light pattern elements. The relationship between wing pattern and venation varies considerably within and between these lineages and can even vary between the right and left wings on the same individual. Although many different wing patterns were observed among the individuals examined for this study, not one can be reconciled with either of the models that successfully predict the relationship between wing pattern and venation in many other groups of Lepidoptera. This suggests that bands occurring on the wings of Hydriomena are not homologous with those on the wings of butterflies or of Acronictinae (Macroheterocera: Noctuidae), the only other two obtectomeran lineages for which the relationship between wing pattern and venation has been examined in recent years.
Caffeic Acid Genotoxicity: Correlation of the Pig-a Assay with Regulatory Genetic Toxicology In Vivo Endpoints

Caffeic acid is found in variety of fruits and vegetables. It is considered as possible human carcinogen (Group 2B). It is negative in Ames and mouse micronucleus (MN), but positive in mouse lymphoma and chromosomal aberration assays. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo genotoxicity of caffeic acid using three different endpoints: in vivo MN, Pig-a, and comet assay. Two sets of six rats per group were administered vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg/day of caffeic acid for three consecutive days via oral gavage. One set of animals was used for the Pig-a and MN assay and the other set was used for the comet assay. N-Ethyl N-Nitrosourea was used as positive control for the Pig-a and MN assay, and ethyl methanesulfonate for the comet assay. From one set of animals, peripheral blood was collected on Days -1, 14, and 30 for the Pig-a assay and on Day 4 for the MN assay. The other set of animals was euthanized 3 hr after the last dose; liver and blood were collected for the comet assay. A statistically significant increase in the MN frequency was observed at 2,000 mg/kg/day. No increase in the red blood cells (RBCCD59- ) or reticulocytes (RETCD59- ) Pig-a mutant frequencies was observed on Days 14 or 30. No increase in DNA strand breaks was observed in the peripheral blood or liver in the comet assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of noncardiotomy patients requiring postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

BACKGROUND The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the postoperative period has expanded to include a variety of noncardiotomy procedures. It is important to investigate outcomes for this uniquely ill subset of patients as currently published data on this subject is limited. METHODS All ECMO events at our institution from 2006 to 2017 were retrospectively considered. Patients were grouped into a postoperative noncardiotomy (PNC) cohort (n = 20) and a larger control cohort (n = 220). For additional analysis, the PNC cohort was further split into a liver transplant group (n = 4) and thoracic surgery group (n = 10). Basic demographics, medical history, type of operation performed, indication for support, and survival data were collected on all patients. Appropriate statistical analyses were performed and a P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Twenty PNC-ECMO patients were identified. The indications for support were respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock. PNC patient survival was similar to our control cohort, as well as extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) published data with 55% weaning off ECMO and 50% surviving to discharge. Twelve-month predicted survival was 40%. Post thoracic surgical patients were reviewed, and their survival rates were similar to the larger control cohort as well. There were no survivors in the liver transplant group. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent noncardiotomy surgery, patients who required ECMO for salvage in the postoperative period showed similar outcomes compared to our larger cohort and to published ELSO data, and reasonable long-term survival outcomes. This suggests that ECMO may be applied to a variety of postoperative settings with outcomes on par with nationally published results.
Mutations in the COPI coatomer subunit α-COP induce release of Aβ-42 and amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain and increase tau oligomerization and release.

Abstract Understanding the cellular processes that lead to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is critical, and one key lies in the genetics of families with histories of AD. Mutations a complex known as COPI were found in families with AD. The COPI complex is involved in protein processing and trafficking. Intriguingly, several recent publications have found components of the COPI complex can affect the metabolism of pathogenic AD proteins. We reduced levels of the COPI subunit α-COP, altering maturation and cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), resulting in decreased release of Aβ-42 and decreased accumulation of the AICD. Depletion of α-COP reduced uptake of proteopathic Tau seeds and reduces intracellular Tau self-association. Expression of AD-associated mutant α-COP altered APP processing, resulting in increased release of Aβ-42 and increased intracellular Tau aggregation and release of Tau oligomers. These results show that COPI coatomer function modulates processing of both APP and Tau, and expression of AD-associated α-COP confers a toxic gain of function, resulting in potentially pathogenic changes in both APP and Tau.
Windows Display Design Techniques

Due to the strong competitions among retailers, they need to find their competitive advantages in order to survive in the market. Windows display is the most effective element that retailer can use in order to provide good retail experience, which leads to customer loyalty. The main features of the design of window display are interest values, visual appeal, and relevance. The visual appeal of a display directly affects the ability of the display to gain shoppers attention. A successful window conveys a store’s brand story, providing entertainment for the eyes with mood, material, lighting, and colours. An effective window display should be attractive, memorable, appropriate, timely, and neat. Well-designed windows display can positively affect consumers’ purchase intentions. The objectives of this paper are: to investigate the influence window displays have on consumers and the design techniques required in a window display to entice people to enter a store, and to investigate how windows display promote the brand’s image, the common classifications of windows display, and the design setting. Also, to explore the relationship between windows display and customer behaviour throughout S.O.R model. This paper emphasizes the important role of windows display as an effective media of visual communication, also it emphasizes that window display has a first impression and lasting impact on the minds of consumers. Furthermore, this paper improves the understanding of how window display design techniques creates a unique visual impact. The main results of this paper are: the window display is a means of attraction that can lead to the final purchase of a product.Effective windows display educates the consumer how to use the products and helps consumers to create and maintain in their minds the overall image and identity.The process of reinforcing the purchase decision consists of these steps: attention, perception, involvement, credibility, and memory.
Incidence of Atrioventricular Blocks and its Association with In-Hospital Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection have been explored by clinicians and researchers all over the world. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of atrioventricular block (AV) in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and its association between in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Methods In-hospital electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 438 patients were compared with their prior or baseline ECGs to ascertain the development of new onset AV block. Patients who developed new AV blocks were then followed at 30 and 90 days post-discharge to check for resolution of AV block. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and complications during their hospital stay were evaluated. Major complications including respiratory failure requiring oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation, sepsis, deep vein thrombosis, elevated troponins, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, as well as death were compared between those who developed new onset AV blocks and those who did not. Results Based on our single center study, the incidence of new onset AV blocks among patients admitted for COVID-19 during the study period was 5.5 cases per 100 patients. New onset AV blocks were not associated with longer hospital and ICU length of stay, increased intubation rates, or increased mortality. Conclusion Although the development of a new onset AV block is most likely multifactorial and not solely due to COVID-19, it is still important for clinicians to be mindful about the possibility of developing symptomatic bradycardia and life-threatening arrhythmias in patients admitted for COVID-19. This can be achieved by appropriate rhythm monitoring in-patient but the need for a cardiac event monitor upon discharge is unlikely to be necessary. Careful history taking, including family and drug use history is also of great importance as emerging drug therapies for COVID-19 have potential arrhythmogenic effects.
Wavelength Dependent Aspects of Electric Birefringence and Dichroism

The optical properties of matter arise from the oscillations in the charge and current distribution induced by the incident radiation as Buckingham has pointed out in another paper in this symposium (1). Both the incident radiation and the response of the molecular charge distribution have a time dependence that may be described analytically in terms of their oscillation frequencies which, though correlated, need not be equal nor necessarily linearly proportional to the radiation frequency. It is our object to discuss some aspects of these properties when the molecular system is perturbed not only by the electromagnetic optical fields, but also by a static or pulsed external electric field, a condition which produces anisotropic properties, such as dichroism and birefringence, in a molecular system otherwise isotropic in the absence of the field. Similar perturbations may, in fact, be observed in already anisotropic systems, as in crystals for example, but as this is a special more complex case to which no new general phenomena may be ascribed, it will not be discussed here.
Abstract 228: Deconstructing the Cerebral Performance Category: Introducing the CPC-E

Objective: The Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) is considered the “gold” standard outcome tool to quantify and categorize post-CA outcomes, but lacks psychometric validation. The study objective was to create a new instrument with content validity, inter-rater reliability, and clinical utility called the CPC-Extended (CPC-E). Methods: Potential domains were identified through content analyses of the CPC and literature review. A panel comprised of CA and rehabilitation experts reviewed the CPC-E in iterative rounds. Following each round the CPC-E was revised resulting in near 100% consensus among experts. Inter-rater reliability and clinical feasibility of the CPC-E were tested by administering the CPC-E to CA survivors prior to discharge from the hospital. Intraclass correlation coefficients and descriptive statistics were used to examine inter-rater reliability and descriptive statistics respectively. Results: The CPC-E has 10 independent domains: Alert, Logical Thinking, Attention, Short-Term Memory, Motor, Basic Activities of Daily Living, Mood, Fatigue, Complex Activities of Daily Living, and Return to Work. Each domain has 5 levels with 1 being the best response for the domain and 5 being the worst. Inter-rater reliability for the domains is excellent (n = 20, range = 0.88 - 1.0). The CPC-E took a mean (SD) of 6.03 (3.68) minutes to administer and score. No missing data were reported and clinicians reported that it was easy to administer and use. Conclusion: The CPC-E offers an efficient, comprehensive tool with good psychometric properties to measure outcomes after CA. Clinically, the multi-domain CPC-E yields a profile of outcomes at the time of discharge that could “signal” a referral to rehabilitation or to a support service associated with a particular domain. Future studies will examine other psychometric properties of the CPC-E, including responsiveness to change.
La responsabilidad moral y la naturaleza del yo

El librealbedrista y el determinista concuerdan en que somos responsables solo de nuestras propias acciones; disputan en cuanto a saber si estas acciones tienen, o no, condiciones suficientes. Pero como quiera que nuestras propias acciones son acciones de nuestro yo, el resultado de esa disputa dependera de la naturaleza del yo. Por esta razon, aunque ello a menudo no se reconoce, la naturaleza del yo es la cuestion basica de esa discusion.
A comparison of methods for quantitating fetal heart rate variability.

Abstract Fetal heart rate (FHR) variability is thought to be an important index of fetal health. In the presence of normal variability, the fetus is vigorous, but lack of beat-to-beat variability may be associated with fetal compromise. A distinction between short-term variability (STV) (beat-to-beat changes between successive beats) and long-term variability (LTV) (rhythmic fluctuations in FHR) has not been made to date. We have utilized computer programs to compare three pairs of mathematical indices and one visual index of FHR variability. Among the three pairs of indices designed for detection of STV and LTV, de Haan's short-term and long-term indices exhibited the least interdependence, and the long-term index was completely insensitive to artificially generated pure STV. Yeh's short-term and long-term indices exhibited substantial positive interdependence. Hon's visual index appears to detect LTV primarily rather than STV. When the effect of progression of labor on FHR variability was examined, no conclusions were possible because of inconsistencies between patients. Ultimately, the clinical value of any one of these indices awaits testing of their ability to define fetal well-being or fetal distress.