cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders with pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia are associated with a T-helper-17 cytokine profile and infiltrating granulocytes

Background The pathogenetic mechanism of CD30 + cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders (CLPD) associated with pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) and granulocytic inflammation surrounding atypical CD30 + lymphocytes remains unclear. Objective We sought to characterize clinical and pathological findings of a cohort of patients with PCH associated with CD30 + CLPD and to analyze the cytokine profile of the atypical lymphocytes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records and pathological material of CD30 + CLPD with PCH. Immunohistochemistry for T-helper (Th)17 cytokine profile was performed. Results In all, 25 patients with a median age of 52 years were included. The median follow-up was 3.7 years. Histologically, an infiltrating pattern of PCH was observed in 14 cases with a neutrophilic-rich infiltrate ( P = .21), and epidermal pattern in 11 cases with eosinophil-rich infiltrate ( P = .03). Th17 or Th22 cytokines were detected in tumor cells in 81% cases tested. Tumor cells expressed Th17 transcription factor retinoic acid receptor (ROR)-related orphan receptor gamma-2 in 2 of 7 samples tested and 1 was positive for aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Limitations This is a retrospective study of a small sample. Conclusions PCH in CD30 + CLPD is associated with Th17/Th22 cytokine expression in the atypical lymphocytes. Although these lesions commonly regress spontaneously and are associated with an indolent course, some cases develop a generalized process and tumor progression.
Saliva and biofilm-based diagnostics: a critical review of the literature concerning sialochemistry.

Abstract There is some evidence to support the use of salivary diagnostics in dentistry. Background and Purpose The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid has the potential to shape the role of oral health care professionals in the health care system. While more than a handful of chairside diagnostic tests are available for use by private practitioners, the evidence supporting their use continues to emerge. Methods An electronic search of the literature indexed on the PubMed electronic database was conducted to identify human clinical trials utilizing commercially available salivary diagnostics. Papers meeting the inclusion criteria, and any applicable references were critically appraised following SORT guidelines. Conclusions While the literature concerning salivary analysis is continuously growing, the limited literature that is available doesn't focus on patient oriented health outcomes. This ‘infant’ literature is focused on validating metrics and identifying biomarkers with diagnostic potential. As such, the evidence level of the literature is graded as level 3. Despite the lower grade, the research in this area shows consistent results, coherent conclusions, and research identifying new biomarkers will provide additional dimensions to salivary diagnostics.
Thalamic branched and unbranched axons to feline polysensory cortex.

Abstract Thalamic afferents to polysensory neocortex of the suprasylvian, anterior lateral, and pericruciate gyri were demonstrated by retrograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin lectin-bound horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and nuclear yellow (NY). Marker injections were placed in areas identified as responsive to auditory stimuli through the use of click-evoked potentials. Both HRP and NY labeled neurons were found in close proximity or in overlapping regions of the rostral intralaminar nuclei and the adjacent ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus. While thalamic neurons projecting to different polysensory neocortical areas were often in overlapping fields, double labeling was rare. These results indicate that similar auditory responses seen in different cortical polysensory areas are mediated by mainly separate but topographically related populations of thalamocortical neurons. Similarities in auditory response patterns seen across widely separated areas of polysensory neocortex may be due to common inputs relayed through overlapping or adjacent areas of the thalamus.
Reliability of the 2005 middle school Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the reliability of the middle school version of the 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (MSYRBS) questionnaire. Methods A convenience sample of 232 Midwestern seventh and eighth grade middle school students completed the MSYRBS questionnaire twice in a 2-week period (14 days apart). The MSYRBS questionnaire, which queries a variety of health risk behaviors, was administered in a manner that preserved anonymity but allowed Time 1 and Time 2 matching. This was accomplished by using two questionnaire scantrons coded with the same unique number, and destroying all used materials to ensure that each participant was matched with their code. Kappa statistics were calculated for individual questions and group characteristics using SAS. Results The mean kappa was 62.6% and the median was 66.5%. Kappa statistics for each item ranged from −2.4% (injection drug use) to 83.8% (suicide contemplation). Negative kappa values were found for two items that had extremely small cell sizes. Kappas did not differ by gender, grade, or race. Based on nonoverlapping confidence intervals, there were no items that had significantly different prevalence estimates at Time 1 vs. Time 2. Nine items (24.3%) and one category (alcohol-drugs) had kappas below 61.0%. Conclusions This preliminary study suggests that the reliability of the MSYRBS is high over time. A number of items should be further examined to determine whether they should be amended or omitted from future versions of the MSYRBS. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended, potentially involving children as content experts.
A comprehensive women's health care center: Are gynecologists offering primary care?

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare patient characteristics and diagnoses in a comprehensive Women's Health Care Clinic between gynecologists and internal medicine physicians. Study design This retrospective cohort study evaluated International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, codes that were recorded between January 1, 2001, and January 4, 2004, at the Women's Health Care Clinic. We compared demographics and prevalence of diagnosis codes for patients who were seen by obstetricians/gynecologists and internal medicine physicians and compared these data with national survey statistics. A sampling of charts was reviewed for coding verification. Results We analyzed 13,462 visits at the Women's Health Care Clinic. Patients who were seen by internists were older, had greater racial diversity, and had more gender-nonspecific medical disorders (hypertension, depression). Gynecologists saw more specific women's health problems (P Conclusion Within this multispecialty Women's Health Care Clinic, internal medicine physicians are practicing primary care and obstetricians/gynecologists are providing specialty care.
Construction and characterization of a reovirus double temperature-sensitive mutant

The infectious reovirus RNA system was used to construct a mutant with two temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions in genome segments M2 and S2, respectively. The double mutant is about 300 times more ts than either of its parents, which are about 1,500 and 170 times more ts than their wild-type parent reovirus ST3 strain Dearing. At 39°C the double mutant is essentially unable to multiply. In spite of its striking temperature sensitivity, the double mutant elicits the formation of significant amounts of neutralizing antibodies in newborn mice. Possible mechanisms responsible for this are discussed, as is the significance of this double ts mutant in relation to current searches for safe and efficient vaccine strains.
Measuring Change in OD Panel Designs: A Response to Critics

Four years ago, we reported (with Yeager) that tests utilizing survey research methods in a panel design for an organizational development (OD) project implied what we had suspected: common definitions of change are seriously inadequate. Last year, the Review published an article attacking our position [Undell & Drexler, 1979]. We respond here to their criticisms and misunderstandings.
An infrared, thermographic study of surface temperature in three ratites: ostrich, emu and double-wattled cassowary

Abstract (1)Surface temperatures of the ostrich (Struthio camelus), emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) and double-wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) were meas ured using infrared thermography at ambient temperatures ranging from 0 to 27°C. (2) The pattern of surface temperature regulation for thermoregulatory purposes was similar in all species examined. Beak, lower leg and neck surface temperatures are regulated in all species to alter heat exchange with the environment. The feet and toes are also used by the ostrich and emu to regulate heat exchange. The cassowary does not use the feet and toes to the same extent but used the casque in a similar manner. (3) Standard metabolic rates were estimated using a geometric model of a bird and instantaneous heat loss calculated for specific body parts. (4) Up to 40% of metabolic heat production can be dissipated across these structures which comprise 12% and 17.5% of total body surface area. (5) The ostrich was able to regulate surface temperature more precisely than the other species, probably due to a larger body size. The large wings of the ostrich are useful for thermoregulation by increasing convective heat loss.
Discrimination Regarding Asian Americans in MedicalSchool Admissions: The Management of Human Rights Policy Issue

Introduction Critics have levelled charges of bias, claiming that admission policies have been aimed specifically at slowing down the influx of Asian Americans into medical schools and have therefore discriminated against them. They point to Asian American admission rates (the number of Asian Americans offered admission divided by the number of Asian American applicants) that have been lower than those of Caucasians, despite Asian American performances as measured by standardised test scores and college grade point averages that appears to be equal to and at times superior to that of Caucasians. A downward turn in Asian American admission rates at some institutions has raised the additional concern that admission officers have put informal numerical limits on the number of Asian Americans they admit. However, most admissions officers deny such.
OPTICAL WAVELET TRANSFORM BY THE PHASE-ONLY JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR

A method is presented that performs the optical wavelet transform with liquid-crystal televisions as spatial light modulators operating only on the phase of the incident coherent light. The architecture is the joint-transform correlator, and the wavelets and the image to be transformed are encoded in the input plane of the system. The mathematical formalism describing the adaptation of the joint-transform correlator to the wavelet transform is given and extended to the operation of the phase-only joint-transform correlator. A new wavelet is described for two-dimensional image processing, and experimental results are presented for optical wavelet transforms done in real time by use of this wavelet in the phase-only joint-transform-correlator architecture. The analysis is extended to multiwavelet (multispectral) analysis by the joint-transform correlator, and simulation results are given. Finally experimental results with the phase-only joint-transform correlator applied to multi-wavelet analysis are presented.
Assessment of Hex-Dominant Mesh Efficacy for Nonlinear Finite Element Method Structural Analyses

The objective of this study is to compare different types of meshes for the solution of static structural problems under large deformation conditions, using nonlinear materials. The three types of mesh used in this study are a structured hexahedral mesh, an unstructured tetrahedral mesh, and a hex-dominant mesh generated automatically by the bubble packing algorithm, [1]. The two geometries tested were a hypothetical, partially symmetric model of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), and a three dimensional representation of an in vivo AAA reconstructed from CT scan images (Fig 1). In order to evaluate the accuracy of the finite element approximation the mean square (or L2) norm of the error was estimated.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Measuring smoking knowledge, attitudes and services (S-KAS) among clients in addiction treatment.

Abstract Background Addiction treatment programs are increasingly working to address prevalent and comorbid tobacco dependence in their service populations. However at present there are few published measurement tools, with known psychometric properties, that can be used to assess client-level constructs related to tobacco dependence in addiction treatment settings. Following on previous work that developed a staff-level survey instrument, this report describes the development and measurement characteristics of the smoking knowledge, attitudes and services (S-KAS) for use with clients in addiction treatment settings. Method 250 clients enrolled in residential drug abuse treatment programs were surveyed. Summary statistics were used to characterize both the participants and their responses, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the underlying factor structure. Results Examination of the rotated factor pattern indicated that the latent structure was formed by one knowledge factor, one attitude factor, and two “service” factors reflecting program services and clinician services related to tobacco dependence. Standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the four scales were, respectively, .57, .75, .82 and .82. Conclusions The proposed scales have reasonably good psychometric characteristics, although the knowledge scale leaves room for improvement, and will allow researchers to quantify client knowledge, attitudes and services regarding tobacco dependence treatment. Researchers, program administrators, and clinicians may find the S-KAS useful in changing organizational culture and clinical practices related to tobacco addiction, help in program evaluation studies, and in tracking and improving client motivation.
Overview of TeV gamma ray observations

TeV emission has been observed with high signal-to-noise from: two pulsar-driven supernova remnants, the Crab Nebula and PSR B1706-44 and a blazar class AGN, Markarian 421. Other sources, observed without the benefit of major background reduction techniques, are some of the compact object binaries. These discoveries plus the discoveries of EGRET of more than 130 sources at lower energies point to a growing number of scientific questions capable of being addressed by this field (particularly for distant sources via intergalactic absorption processes). Rapid further development will come as new instruments employing a variety of background reduction techniques come on-line.
Polarization-Induced GaN-on-Insulator E/D Mode p-Channel Heterostructure FETs

Polarization-induced p-type doping is realized in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown ultrathin body GaN/AlN heterostructures. The novel heterostructure consisting of a thin strained GaN layer grown on an AlN template exhibits a hole gas density close to the interface polarization charge (~5 × 1013 /cm2). Both enhancement- and depletion-mode (E/D) p-channel heterostructure field effect transistor (HFETs) are demonstrated. Driven by the high hole density, a 2.4-μm-long D-mode HFET with alloyed ohmic contacts shows improvement of drain current from 150 mA/mm (VGS = 12 V, VDS = 30 V) at 300 K to 270 mA/mm (VGS = 15 V, VDS = 30 V) at 77 K. The extrinsic peak transconductance of the D-mode device increases from 11 mS/mm (VGS = 6 V, VDS = 30 V) at 300 K to 16 mS/mm (VGS = 4 V, VDS = 30 V) at 77 K. Both the drive current and transconductance are recorded in nitride p-channel FETs. MBE regrown heavily Mg-doped p+-GaN is then employed for ohmic contacts of E-mode p-channel HFETs. A 2-μm-long E-mode device with a drain current of 4 mA/mm (VGS = 10 V, VDS = 80 V) and ON/OFF current ratio of 103 is achieved.
Progress realized: trends in HIV-1 viral load and CD4 cell count in a tertiary-care center from 1999 through 2011.

Background HIV-1 RNA and CD4 cell counts are important parameters for HIV care. The objective of this study was to assess the overall trends in HIV-1 viral load and CD4 cell counts within our clinic. Methods Patients with at least one of each test performed by the Infectious Diseases Laboratory from 1999 through 2011 were included in this analysis. By adapting a novel statistical model, log10 HIV-1 RNA means were estimated by month, and log10-transformed HIV-1 RNA means were estimated by calendar year. Geometric means were calculated for CD4 cell counts by month and calendar year. Log10 HIV-1 RNA and CD4 cell count monthly means were also examined with polynomial regression. Results There were 1,814 individuals with approximately 25,000 paired tests over the 13-year observation period. Based on each patient's final value of the year, the percentage of patients with viral loads below the lower limit of quantitation rose from 29% in 1999 to 72% in 2011, while the percentage with CD4 counts <200 cells/µL fell from 31% to 11%. On average annually, the mean HIV-1 RNA decreased by 86 copies/mL and the mean CD4 counts increased by 16 cells/µL. For the monthly means, the correlations (R2) from second-order polynomial regressions were 0.944 for log10 HIV-1 RNA and 0.840 for CD4 cell counts. Conclusions Marked improvements in HIV-1 RNA suppression and CD4 cell counts were achieved in a large inner-city population from 1999 through 2011. This success demonstrates that sustained viral control with improved immunologic status can be a realistic goal for most individuals in clinical care.
Launched waves on a beam--plasma system

An unstable launched wave on a low-density, cold-electron-beam-plasma system grows and traps the beam electrons. Test waves at neighboring unstable frequencies are observed to stop growing where the beam is trapped and to exhibit amplitude oscillations that are coherent with the amplitude oscillations of the main wave. The behavior of the test wave is calculated by regarding it as a slow modulation of the main wave's amplitude and phase. (auth)
Centimeter radiation associated with the solar limb prominence of 8 February 1972

Detailed maps of the Sun have been made on 8 and 9 February 1972 with a 2.2′ pencil beam. Superimposed upon a disc that shows only slight limb brightening, there are a number of radio emissive regions associated with centers of activity. Relatively intense radiation from the position of a limb prominence is apparent on 8 February but is absent on the 9th. Between observations the prominence became active leading to the ejection of a cloud of plasma. When the emission from the prominence at 2.2 cm is combined with observations at 10.7 cm, the spectral index obtained is much flatter than that usually associated with a center of activity.
Multiplexed RNA structure characterization with selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension sequencing (SHAPE-Seq)

New regulatory roles continue to emerge for both natural and engineered noncoding RNAs, many of which have specific secondary and tertiary structures essential to their function. Thus there is a growing need to develop technologies that enable rapid characterization of structural features within complex RNA populations. We have developed a high-throughput technique, SHAPE-Seq, that can simultaneously measure quantitative, single nucleotide-resolution secondary and tertiary structural information for hundreds of RNA molecules of arbitrary sequence. SHAPE-Seq combines selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) chemistry with multiplexed paired-end deep sequencing of primer extension products. This generates millions of sequencing reads, which are then analyzed using a fully automated data analysis pipeline, based on a rigorous maximum likelihood model of the SHAPE-Seq experiment. We demonstrate the ability of SHAPE-Seq to accurately infer secondary and tertiary structural information, detect subtle conformational changes due to single nucleotide point mutations, and simultaneously measure the structures of a complex pool of different RNA molecules. SHAPE-Seq thus represents a powerful step toward making the study of RNA secondary and tertiary structures high throughput and accessible to a wide array of scientific pursuits, from fundamental biological investigations to engineering RNA for synthetic biological systems.
Response of a Nematic Liquid Crystal to an Acoustic Field

Abstract The type of equations which describe a nematic liquid crystal in an acoustic field are reviewed. Simple examples show that solutions which allow for both an acoustic streaming component and an instability can be expected. The response time of the acoustic streaming component is examined via a normal mode analysis.
Subcritical Intergranular Crack Growth Rates and Thresholds of Fe and Fe + Sb

The addition of 0.06 monolayers of antimony to the grain boundaries of iron with 0.3 monolayers of sulfur was found to have no effect on the fracture toughness or subcritical crack growth behavior at cathodic potentials. Tests were conducted using compact tension type samples tested in 1N H2SO4 at cathodic potentials of −0.6V (SCE) to −1.25V (SCE). The absence of any effect of antimony on the fracture toughness was related to iron being in a “minimum” fracture toughness condition such that further segregation of an embrittling element had no effect. Also, the subcritical intergranular crack growth threshold was found to decrease with increasing cathodic potential consistent with results reported by others for transgranular fracture of steels in gaseous hydrogen.
Barriers to Swift, Even Flow in the Internal Supply Chain of Perioperative Surgical Services Department: A Case Study*

This research analyzes the internal service supply chain of a perioperative surgical services department of a nonacademic community hospital using the theory of swift and even flow as a theoretical lens. Performance data were gathered using an in-depth case study and it was determined that the swift and even flow constructs did affect flow speed and variance, but did not account for all the effects observed. To understand the need for departments to coordinate their efforts with each other and how this affected flow, further analysis was conducted using insights from Pagell's (2004) theory of internal integration and Gittell's (2002) research about coordinating mechanisms. The findings suggest the need to incorporate a variable measuring supply chain coordination into the theory of swift and even flow.
The Hidden Costs of Keeping Current: Technology and Libraries

ABSTRACT Rapid and pervasive technological change makes the concept of “keeping current” an issue not only for individual librarians but for libraries as organizations. Although overt hardware and software costs are high, the human factor and its interconnectedness with hardware and software generate costs that are even greater, although less calculable.
Homology of myosin DTNB light chain with alkali light chains, troponin C and parvalbumin

THE interaction of actin and myosin which occurs during muscle contraction is regulated by changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. In vertebrates Ca2+ regulation is associated with troponin and tropomyosin in the thin filaments, and the myosin ATPase activity in the presence of pure actin is not Ca2+ sensitive. Most invertebrates possess a myosin-linked (thick filament) control system, usually in conjuction with actin-linked (thin filament) control1. Although the mechanism of thin filament regulation is fairly well characterised, that of thick filament control remains somewhat obscure (for reviews, see refs 2 and 3). This letter presents evidence for a structural and evolutionary relationship between proteins which have central roles in the two types of regulatory systems.
New taxa of Apiaceae, Hydrophyllaceae and Saxifragaceae from Oregon and Idaho

One new taxon from Idaho,Saxifraga bryophora A. Gray var.tobiasiae, and two from Oregon,Cymopterus acaulis (Pursh) Raf. var.gree-Ieyorum andPhacelia lutea (Hook. & Arn.)J. T. Howell var.mackenzieorum are described and compared with their nearest relatives.
Associated anomalies in undescended testes

Several chromosomal and nonchromosomal syndromes are associated with cryptorchidism. Primary dysgenetic hypogonadism probably is the major cause of cryptorchidism in these syndromes. Systematic microscopic investigations of testicular tissue are not available. A higher than normal incidence of urinary tract malformations in boys with cryptorchidism has been reported, but there is no agreement in the literature on whether all patients with cryptorchidism should be screened for abnormalities of the urinary tract. In infants with ambiguous genitalia, including hypospadias, very often the testes are not palpable. Extensive evaluation of such infants is a 'social emergency'; early assignment of the gender role of the infant is of great importance. The association of neurofacial midline defects with short stature and cryptorchidism should be recognized.
Using Spiritual Interventions in Practice: Developing Some Guidelines from Evidence-based Practice

Research indicates that many social work practitioners are interested in using spiritual interventions in clinical settings. Unfortunately, studies also indicate that practitioners have frequently received minimal training on the topic during their graduate education. Drawing from the evidence-based practice movement, this article develops some guidelines to assist practitioners in using spiritual interventions in an ethical, professional manner that fosters client well-being. These guidelines can be summarized under the following four rubrics: (1) client preference, (2) evaluation of relevant research, (3) clinical expertise, and (4) cultural competency. The article concludes by emphasizing that these overlapping guidelines should be considered concurrently, in a manner that privileges clients' needs and desires in the decision-making process.
Evaluation of Instream Enhancement Structures for Salmonid Spawning and Rearing in a Coastal Oregon Stream

Abstract East Fork Lobster Creek, Oregon is an example of a stream that lost much of its productivity as an anadromous salmonid stream following logging activities, intensive stream cleaning, and flooding. The stream in the study area was almost devoid of instream structures, resulting in a nearly total lack of spawning gravel and rearing habitat. Stream enhancement structures installed in East Fork Lobster Creek were successful and functional after two winters with usual freshets. The structures dramatically increased the diversity of the stream bed, trapped gravel, and created shallow gravel bars and deep, covered pools. Also, the number, size, and quality of the pools increased in areas with structures. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) spawning increased substantially, as well as the numbers of rearing coho, steelhead fry, and steelhead and cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) parr. This study shows that similar degraded streams can be rehabilitated by properly designed enha...
Quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis of single-layer and multilayer thin films

Abstract The determination of elemental composition and thickness of single-layer and multilayer thin films by X-ray fluorescence is described. Analysis of complex single-, double- and triple-layer thin films using the fundamental parameter method shows that the inter-element and inter-layer X-ray absorptions and enhancements in a specimen have been determined properly. X-ray fluorescence results on various single-layer FeNi thin films agree with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy, electron microprobe and interferometer methods. The average deviations are 0.7% in composition and 2.3% in thickness. The precision of the multilayer thin film analysis has also been evaluated and compared with analyses of single-layer films prepared under identical conditions. For triple-layer chromium, NiFe and copper films, the discrepancies are 0.25% in composition and less than or equal to 3.2% in thickness. Analysis of a double-layer FeMn/NiFe thin film with iron as a common element has also been successful with a precision comparable with those of the single- and triple-layer thin film analyses.
Error Analysis for the Finite Element Approximation of Transmission Eigenvalues

In this paper we consider the transmission eigenvalue problem corresponding to acoustic scattering by a bounded isotropic inhomogeneous object in two dimensions. This is a non self-adjoint eigenvalue problem for a quadratic pencil of operators. In particular we are concerned with theoretical error analysis of a finite element method for computing the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions. Our analysis of convergence makes use of Osborn’s perturbation theory for eigenvalues of non self-adjoint compact operators. Some numerical examples are presented to confirm our theoretical error analysis.
SURFACE MINING CONTROL AND RECLAMATION ACT: A UTAH PERSPECTIVE

The authority to regulate the coal industry at the state level, under state statute and rules, the importance of the coal industry to the state, the importance of an environmentally sound regulatory program, and the benefit of a state-managed abandoned mine reclamation program, in short the ability of the state to manage its own natural resources, make state primacy a necessity, not an option. Implementation of SMCRA cannot be measured in the myriad of oversight statistics. Effectiveness means cost-effective, timely reclamation of abandoned sites; consistent, workable rules and regulatory practices; responsive program management; and compliance which is internalized in the mine's operations.
AUTONOMIC RESPONSIVITY IN PSYCHOPATHS: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND THEORETICAL PROPOSAL

The literature on autonomic responsivity in psychopaths is reviewed and critically evaluated with Fowles' (1980) psychophysiological adaptation of Gray's two-factor learning theory used as an organizing framework. It is concluded that, although much recent research has focused on assessing psychopaths' response to punishment in familiar paradigms, several intriguing new paradigms for assessing psychopaths' autonomic responsivity have been developed. A new conceptualization of the existing data is considered involving a motivational imbalance theory based on the Gray/Fowles model. This theory connects autonomic psychophysiological research on psychopaths to literatures on cognition, emotion, and behavior. Research directions for evaluating the validity of the theory are proposed.
Inhomogeneous state of superconductors by intense tunnel injection of quasiparticles

Measurements of the current-voltage characteristics of a tunnel junction as a function of quasiparticle injection from a second tunnel junction are presented. Aluminum films (300 » thick) are studied from the transition temperature down to about 0.35 K. For a certain range of injection currents, there exists an inhomogeneous energy gap and tunnel current; the large gap approximates the undisturbed film, while the value of the small gap depends on the specific resistance of the injector junction in a regular and calculable way. There is an instability which leads to this inhomogeneous state; although these experiments cannot unambiguously determine the mechanism of the instability, we show that severe problems are found in trying to explain it in terms of existing models. On the basis of our results and analysis, the instability apparently occurs because of small spatial inhomogeneities in the films and the extremely nonlinear current-voltage characteristics of tunnel junctions, rather than intrinsic properties of the superconductor. This result does not disprove the other models of instability, but shows the limitations of tunneling for investigating the models.
Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy of seven gases in the vicinity of chlorine monoxide lines.

Chlorine monoxide (ClO) is thought to play an important role in a photochemical cycle which causes the destruction of ozone in the earth's stratosphere. Since lines of the (1,0) fundamental of ClO lie near C-14O2-16, laser lines, IR heterodyne spectroscopy is potentially an important technique for monitoring the ClO abundance. However, due to the presence of lines from other trace atmospheric gases in this spectral range, the interpretation of such observations is ambiguous unless high resolution laboratory measurements support the identifications. Measured frequencies are reported for spectral lines of seven trace atmospheric gases which absorb near the C-14O2-16 laser transitions relevant to the detection of ClO by IR heterodyne spectroscopy.
Reliability of repetitive dynamic strengths as a screening tool for manual lifting tasks

Abstract Recent studies have shown that maximal dynamic strengths (MDSs) of individuals are superior and more reliable predictors of their maximum safe lifting capacity compared to maximal static strengths. The evidence, however, is based on studies that have investigated only infrequent lifting activities, i.e. lifting only a few times a day and with complete recovery from fatigue between successive lifts. It remains to be seen if MDSs are also as highly correlated to lifting capacity for frequent lifting tasks i.e. tasks that do not allow complete recovery from fatigue between successive lifts. The study reported here was conducted to determine the degree of affinity between MDSs and lifting capacities of individuals for frequent and infrequent lifting tasks. In addition, the hypothesis that lifting capacity for frequent manual lifting tasks will be more highly correlated to dynamic strength values which take into account the effect of repetition related fatigue, instead of MDSs, was tested. The results overwhelmingly supported the hypothesis. We therefore concluded that repetitive dynamic strength (RDS) is a more accurate measure of an individual's lifting capacity for frequently performed tasks, than maximal static or dynamic strengths, and deserves recognition as a reliable pre-employment screening tool for frequently performed manual lifting tasks. The experimental evidence also indicated that manual lifting tasks performed once every minute or less frequently are strength oriented while those per formed three times a minute or more frequently are not.
Geomagnetic models from satellite surveys.

The use of satellite scalar magnetic field data to produce geomagnetic field models is reviewed. There have been nine separate spacecraft that have acquired observations of the geomagnetic field from low (<1500 km) satellite altitudes since 1958. The magnetic field models produced from such data have not been sufficiently compared with surface vector data to firmly, establish their validity. One comparison has indicated that satellite-derived models are as valid over-all as those produced from surface data. Variations in the field components are shown to be larger than those in scalar field by factors of 4–10. Recent satellite models indicate an increase in dipole decay to −27 γ/year, a value that may be plausible, judging from extrapolation of earlier surface-derived models. Also noted is a recent slowing of eccentric dipole westward drift.
Doing management history: one editor's views

Purpose – Currently, only a small number of manuscripts dealing with management history are being submitted to journals, and few of those are being accepted for publication. What is needed to change this situation is more high‐quality research that is more interesting to a wider audience. The purpose of this paper is to offer some suggestions for overcoming current deficiencies.Design/methodology/approach – The perspective of one editor about what is being done and what might be done in terms of publishing management history research is presented.Findings – The unique perspective of an individual who is a past editor of a major management journal and current editor of an online journal each of which has published a variety of management history articles is presented.Originality/value – The paper stresses that too few management history manuscripts submitted to journals are of high‐enough quality or sufficiently interesting to merit publication and that more good quality research that is interesting to a w...
Design of the IBM Blue Gene/Q compute chip

The heart of a Blue Gene®/Q system is the Blue Gene/Q Compute (BQC) chip, which combines processors, memory, and communication functions on a single chip. The Blue Gene/Q Compute chip has 16 + 1 + 1 processor cores, each with a quad single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) floating-point unit, and a multi-versioned Level 2 cache that provides hardware support for transactional memory, speculative execution, and atomic operations. The Blue Gene/Q Compute chip further contains dual on-chip memory controllers for directly attached DDR3 (double data rate type 3) memory and sophisticated networking logic for chip-to-chip communications.
Quenching of electronically excited selenium atoms Se(1S0)

The Se2 B 3Σ−u→X 3Σ−g emission produced by OCSe photolysis in the vacuum ultraviolet is due to the reaction of Se(4 1S0) with OCSe. The decay of this emission has been analyzed to give rate coefficients for removal of Se(4 1S0) by a number of simple gases. Half‐quenching pressures for Se2 B 3Σ−u have also been determined. A comparison is made with removal rate coefficients for S(3 1S0) and O(2 1S0).
Capillary electrophoresis with laser fluorescence detection for profiling damage to fluorescein-labeled deoxyadenylic acid by background, ionizing radiation and hydrogen peroxide

Abstract Fluorescein-ethylenediamine-deoxyadenosine-5′-monophosphate, as an aqueous solution (including 10% acetonitrile), was exposed, as separate aliquots, to 60 Co and H 2 O 2 . Analysis of the resulting samples by capillary electrophoresis with laser fluorescence detection showed a complex but significantly resolved array of peaks for each, even when a relatively concentrated sample was injected (the peak for the parent compound was 100 × off-scale). The pattern of peaks was qualitatively similar for both samples, and also for a “non-exposed” sample, but much more intense for the exposed sample. This indicated the predominant role of degradation by oxidation in both exposures as well as from background. At least one peak was caused only by the 60 Co exposure. The technique therefore may lead to a specific biomarker for exposure of DNA to ionizing radiation.
Nanostructured polyurethane ceramer coatings for aircraft

A new low VOC (volatile organic compounds) polyurethane/oligosiloxane coating was formulated using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) isocyanurate, alkoxysilane-functionalized HDI isocyanurate, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) oligomers, and three cycloaliphatic polyesters. One series of polyesters was synthesized using 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) with 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (1,4-CHDA) and 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (1,3-CHDA). A second series of polyesters was synthesized using 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (BEPD) with 1,4-CHDA or 1,4-CHDA, and 1,3-CHDA, respectively. The polyurethane provided the general mechanical properties and the polysiloxane functioned as an adhesion promoter and corrosion inhibitor. The continuous organic polyurethane phase was coupled with the inorganic polysiloxane phase via the alkoxysilane-functionalized HDI isocyanurate. The general coatings, tensile, and viscoelastic properties were evaluated for the ceramer coatings as functions of the polyester and concentration of TEOS oligomers. Damage tolerance was evaluated via fracture toughness and development of the film deformation zone prior to crack propagation. The coatings’ properties were dominated by the organic phase. The film morphology was investigated using the combination of SEM (scanning electron microscope) and X-ray analysis. Phase separation was observed for ceramer coatings resulting in SiO2 particles. The size of the preceramic silicon-oxo-particles was controlled by the Tg of the organic phase and the concentration of TEOS oligomers.
A comparison of earth science classes taught by using original data in a research‐approach technique versus classes taught by conventional approaches not using such data

A data-centered experimental unit, “Weather and Climate,” was used in 31 Connecticut earth science classrooms during the 1968-69 school year. This approach effected a significantly greater (.05 level) improvement in critical thinking than was achieved by a control group of 30 earth science classes not using such an approach. This improvement occurred without a loss of achievement in the earth science course.
Biogeography and conservation of the herpetofauna of the Upland Pine-Oak Forests of Honduras

Wilson, L.D. & Townsend, J.H. Biogeography and conservation of the herpetofauna of the Upland Pine-Oak Forests of Honduras. Biota Neotrop. Jan/Apr 2007 vol. 7, no. 1 http://www.biotaneotropica.org. br/v7n1/pt/abstract?inventory+bn02307012007 ISSN 1676-0603. The upland pine-oak forest herpetofauna constitutes the smallest segment distributed in the major habitat types in Honduras, due to its occurrence at moderate elevations in relatively inhospitable environments, compared to more mesic habitats in the country. This segment, however, is subject to considerable environmental threat as a consequence of annual burning and logging. Of the 356 herpetofaunal species known from Honduras, 105 are known from these habitats. These forests occur throughout much of the mountainous interior of Honduras. They are subject to the Intermediate Dry climate. Four salamanders, 27 anurans, four turtles, 29 lizards, and 41 snakes comprise the herpetofauna. These species are partitioned into restricted, widespread, and peripheral distributional categories. They can be allocated to eleven broad distributional categories, with most belonging to the category containing species whose ranges extend from somewhere in Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to somewhere in South America. The large majority are terrestrial forest inhabitants, arboreal forest inhabitants, terrestrial pondside species, or terrestrial forest pondside species. Most species are judged common, with the next largest group considered to be of infrequent occurrence, and the smallest group of rare occurrence. Upland pine-oak forest species are distributed among four ecophysiographic areas, with the greatest number of species being found in the Southeastern Uplands. Construction of a CBR diagram illustrates that the herpetofaunas of the Northwestern and Northeastern Uplands, the Northeastern Uplands and Southeastern Uplands, and the Southeastern Uplands and Southwestern Uplands are about equally related to one another. The greatest significance of the upland pineoak forest herpetofauna lies in the relatively high percentage of members presently possessing stable populations, indicating their apparent greater ability to resist anthropogenic habitat disturbance. Few species currently have populations in decline, but about a third lack sufficient data to characterize their population status, indicating the need for considerable additional fieldwork before their conservation issues can be properly addressed.
Identification of novel conserved peptide uORF homology groups in Arabidopsis and rice reveals ancient eukaryotic origin of select groups and preferential association with transcription factor-encoding genes

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) can mediate translational control over the largest, or major ORF (mORF) in response to starvation, polyamine concentrations, and sucrose concentrations. One plant uORF with conserved peptide sequences has been shown to exert this control in an amino acid sequence-dependent manner but generally it is not clear what kinds of genes are regulated, or how extensively this mechanism is invoked in a given genome. By comparing full-length cDNA sequences from Arabidopsis and rice we identified 26 distinct homology groups of conserved peptide uORFs, only three of which have been reported previously. Pairwise K a /K s analysis showed that purifying selection had acted on nearly all conserved peptide uORFs and their associated mORFs. Functions of predicted mORF proteins could be inferred for 16 homology groups and many of these proteins appear to have a regulatory function, including 6 transcription factors, 5 signal transduction factors, 3 developmental signal molecules, a homolog of translation initiation factor eIF5, and a RING finger protein. Transcription factors are clearly overrepresented in this data set when compared to the frequency calculated for the entire genome (p = 1.2 × 10-7). Duplicate gene pairs arising from a whole genome duplication (ohnologs) with a conserved uORF are much more likely to have been retained in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) than are ohnologs of other genes (39% vs 14% of ancestral genes, p = 5 × 10-3). Two uORF groups were found in animals, indicating an ancient origin of these putative regulatory elements. Conservation of uORF amino acid sequence, association with homologous mORFs over long evolutionary time periods, preferential retention after whole genome duplications, and preferential association with mORFs coding for transcription factors suggest that the conserved peptide uORFs identified in this study are strong candidates for translational controllers of regulatory genes.
Limb length and locomotor biomechanics in the genus Homo: An experimental study

The striking variation in limb proportions within the genus Homo during the Pleistocene has important implications for understanding biomechanics in the later evolution of human bipedalism, because longer limbs and limb segments may increase bending moments about bones and joints. This research tested the hypothesis that long lower limbs and tibiae bring about increases in A-P bending forces on the lower limb during the stance phase of human walking. High-speed 3-D video data, force plates, and motion analysis software were used to analyze the walking gait of 27 modern human subjects. Limb length, as well as absolute and relative tibia length, were tested for associations with a number of kinetic and kinematic variables. Results show that individuals with longer limbs do incur greater bending moments along the lower limb during the first half of stance phase. During the second half of stance, individuals moderate bending moments through a complex of compensatory mechanisms, including keeping the knee in a more extended position. Neither absolute nor relative tibia length had any effect on the kinetic or kinematic variables tested. If these patterns apply to fossil Homo, groups with relatively long limbs (e.g. H. ergaster or early H. sapiens) may have experienced elevated bending forces along the lower limb during walking compared to those with relatively shorter limbs (e.g. the Neandertals). These increased forces could have led to greater reinforcement of joints and diaphyses. These results must be considered when formulating explanations for variation in limb morphology among Pleistocene hominins.
Iowa Demonstration Laboratory for NDE Applications Project Review

The Iowa Demonstration Laboratory (IDL) for NDE Applications is a State sponsored outreach program of the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation at Iowa State University. It serves as a NDE resource to Iowa manufacturers, particularly the small to medium size firms that make up most of Iowa’s economic base. The program’s basic mission is to educate Iowa companies on the use of NDE techniques and assist with implementation of the technology to improve the quality of products, control costs, and limit liability.