cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the thiamine dose-response relationship for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) fry using an individual based model

Abstract Substantial natural reproduction of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) has not been achieved in the Great Lakes, except for Lake Superior and a few areas in Lake Huron, despite continued stocking efforts. Low thiamine levels in lake trout eggs, which can result in lethal and sublethal impacts (thiamine deficiency complex, TDC) on fry, may contribute to widespread recruitment failure in lake trout populations. We hypothesized that incorporation of sublethal impacts into dose-response curves would result in estimates of EC50s (median lethal concentrations) for fry greater than the estimates that rely only on acute mortality and that predation would exacerbate thiamine effects. To investigate the sublethal effects of TDC (prey capture success and predation mortality) on cohort growth and survival, we developed an individual-based model for lake trout fry. The model tracks daily activities, including consumption, respiration, growth, and mortality, of lake trout from hatch until fry reach a length of 33 mm when we assume fry feed naturally and thiamine effects are minimized. Model output with sublethal impacts resulted in an EC50 (7.3 nmol/g) that was greater than published studies that are limited to acute mortality (1.5 nmol/g). Furthermore, when we included interstitial and pelagic predation, the impact of sublethal effects shifted the EC50 values even higher (7.4–10 nmol/g). Simulation results indicate that low thiamine levels, in combination with moderate to high predation, can eliminate lake trout cohorts. Our simulations suggest that the sublethal effects of low thiamine can contribute to poor lake trout recruitment more than previously suspected.
The Causal Mechanisms of Horizontal Shareholding

Although empirical studies show that common shareholding affects corporate conduct and that common horizontal shareholding lessens competition, critics have argued that the law should not take any action until we have clearer proof on the causal mechanisms. I show that we in fact have ample proof on causal mechanisms, and that anyway antitrust enforcement should focus on anticompetitive market structures, rather than on causal mechanisms. I rebut claims that every type of causal mechanism that might produce anticompetitive effects is either empirically untested or implausible. I also show that critics are mistaken in claiming that common shareholders lack incentives to influence corporations to increase portfolio value by lessening competition. Finally, I show that preventing anticompetitive horizontal shareholding need not restrict diversification and would encourage, not discourage, desirable institutional investor influence on the efficiency of corporate conduct.
Organocatalytic Olefin Aziridination via Iminium-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Insight.

Olefin aziridination via organocatalytic nitrene transfer offers potential complementarity to metal-catalyzed methods; however there is a lack of reports of such reactions in the literature. Herein...
Cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention – Evidence and barriers

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) represents a spectrum of interventions that influence physical, mental, and social well-being of an individual. These interventions can range from dietary counseling to intense physical activity. The role of CR in various cardiac disorders, particularly ischemic heart disease, has been well established across multiple studies. However, real-world utilization of CR still seems to lag behind. As coronary intervention modalities keep evolving with increasing number of patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention, there is a need for reappraisal of the role of CR in this population. In this review, we discuss data behind the benefit of CR in patients with ischemic heart disease and highlight the barriers encountered in implementing CR in real-world practice.
A sensor array for the discrimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using conjugated polymers and the inner filter effect.

Natural and anthropogenic activities result in the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), persistent pollutants that negatively impact the environment and human health. Rapid and reliable methods for the detection and discrimination of these compounds remains a technological challenge owing to their relatively featureless properties, structural similarities, and existence as complex mixtures. Here, we demonstrate that the inner filter effect (IFE), in combination with conjugated polymer (CP) array-based sensing, offers a straightforward approach for the quantitative and qualitative profiling of PAHs. The sensor array was constructed from six fluorescent fluorene-based copolymers, which incorporate side chains with peripheral 2-phenylbenzimidazole substituents that provide spectral overlap with PAHs and give rise to a pronounced IFE. Subtle structural differences in copolymer structure result in distinct spectral signatures, which provide a unique “chemical fingerprint” for each PAH. The discriminatory power of the array was evaluated using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) in order to discriminate between 16 PAH compounds identified as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This array is the first multivariate system reliant on the modulation of the spectral signatures of CPs through the IFE for the detection and discrimination of closely related polynuclear aromatic species.
Carcinosarcoma of kidney.

Abstract A second case of renal pelvic carcinosarcoma with osteogenic component is reported. The neoplasm, arising in this location, appears to be a highly malignant tumor and, as in the previous case, resulted in the patient's death.
Lyme disease with erythema migrans presenting concurrently with optic nerve perineuritis and abducens nerve palsy.

A 70-year-old man presented to a community hospital in the northern Mid-Atlantic US midsummer with a main problem of severe, stabbing, knife-like pain behind the left eye and a little bit behind the right eye which had started a few days ago but abruptly worsened at 3 o’clock in the morning. He
Integration of bulk and interfacial properties in a polymeric system. 2. Rubber elasticity at polyisoprene/water interfaces

After oxidation of the surface of cross-linked cis-1,4-polyisoprene with aqueous permanganate, the composition of its interface with water depended on temperature. The polymer remained hydrophilic against cool water but became more hydrophobic against hot water. These changes depended upon the amount of cross-linking and on the amount of surface oxidation. They were also reversible when cycled between high and low temperature, and this reversibility disappeared only gradually over many cycles. The system independence of this behavior provided an important test of our hypothesis that the surface dynamics of elastomers can involve a competition between enthalpically favorable solvation of hydrophilic functional groups at the polymer/water interface and entropically unfavorable chain extension.
Foreign-body Ingestions in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Pediatric Referral Center.

In February 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed Italy. We retrospectively reviewed all attendances and emergency (A&E) admissions due to foreign-body ingestions (FBIs) to an Italian pediatric referral hospital, from February 24 to April 24, 2020, COVID-19 lockdown and compared them with the same period in the previous 4 years. A total of 101 cases were recorded. Mean age of admission was 4.6 years. Groups did not differ for gender (P = 0.4) or age (P = 0.3). Among FBIs ingestions, 24.0% occurred in children with <2 years of age and 47.5% in children from 2 to 6 years of age. In the 2020 study period, 9 patients were seen for batteries ingestion compared with a median value of one among compared periods. The rates of batteries ingestions increased significantly over the observational period (P < 0.001). We report a dramatic increase in batteries ingestions in children, a potentially fatal event, during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.
Fusion protein EWS-FLI1 is incorporated into a protein granule in cells

ABSTRACT Ewing sarcoma is driven by fusion proteins containing a low complexity (LC) domain that is intrinsically disordered and a powerful transcriptional regulator. The most common fusion protein found in Ewing sarcoma, EWS-FLI1, takes its LC domain from the RNA-binding protein EWSR1 (Ewing Sarcoma RNA-binding protein 1) and a DNA-binding domain from the transcription factor FLI1 (Friend Leukemia Virus Integration 1). The LC domain in EWS-FLI1 can bind RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) and can self-assemble through a process known as phase separation. The ability of EWSR1 and related RNA-binding proteins to assemble into ribonucleoprotein granules in cells has been intensely studied but the role of phase separation in EWS-FLI1 activity is less understood. We investigated the overlapping functions of EWSR1 and EWS-FLI1 in controlling gene expression and tumorigenic cell growth in Ewing sarcoma, and our results suggested that these proteins function closely together. We then studied the nature of interactions among EWS-FLI1, EWSR1, and RNA Pol II. We observed EWSR1 and RNA Pol II to be present in protein granules in cells. We then identified protein granules in cells associated with the fusion protein, EWS-FLI1. The tyrosine residues in the LC domain are required for the abilities of EWS-FLI1 to bind its partners, EWSR1 and RNA Pol II, and to incorporate into protein granules. These data suggest that interactions among EWS-FLI1, RNA Pol II, and EWSR1 in Ewing sarcoma can occur in the context of a molecular scaffold found within protein granules in the cell.
Anglophone African Author Perspectives on Using English

Two prominent African authors, Chinua Achebe of Nigeria and Ngũgi wa Thiong’o of Kenya, have taken different sides in the English language debate; their respective positions reflect the struggle many postcolonial writers face—English as the pragmatic linguistic choice or as the imperialistic linguistic code of the oppressor. Achebe and Ngũgi illustrate how the decision to write in English, and therefore the dichotomy between pragmatism and imperialism, is fraught with difficulty, yet despite its cruel colonial past, English has been necessary to these authors’ success and ability to reach a worldwide audience.
Emergency preparedness during a global pandemic: Individual preparedness for COVID-19

Existing research on individual preparedness in the United States indicates that we are generally unprepared for disasters. While there is an abundance of research on emergency preparedness, there are gaps in our knowledge. For example, the results of extant research are unclear regarding what factors influence individual preparedness. The preparedness literature is also limited in the types of disasters examined and in understanding the timing of preparedness activities. The current COVID-19 global pandemic provides a tragic but albeit unique opportunity to address these limitations of previous research and examine emergency preparedness activities before and immediately following the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. This research is further distinctive because it examines preparedness activities related to the global pandemic rather than other types of disasters. Policy and research implications of the findings are presented.
Generative adversarial networks and radiomics supervision for lung lesion synthesis

Realistic lesion generation is a useful tool for system evaluation and optimization. Generated lesions can serve as realistic imaging tasks for task-base image quality assessment, as well as targets in virtual clinical trials. In this work, we investigate a data-driven approach for categorical lung lesion synthesis using public lung CT databases. We propose a generative adversarial network with a Wasserstein discriminator and gradient penalty to stabilize training. We further included conditional inputs such that the network can generate user-specified lesion categories. Novel to our network, we directly incorporated radiomic features in an intermediate supervision step to encourage similar textures between generated and real lesions. We calculated the network using lung lesions from the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) database. Lesions are divided into two categories: solid vs. non-solid. We performed quantitative evaluation of network performance based on four criteria: 1) overfitting, in terms of structural and morphological similarity to the training data, 2) diversity of generated lesions, in terms of similarity to other generated data, 3) similarity to real lesions, in terms of distribution of example radiomics features, and 4) conditional consistency, in terms of classification accuracy using a classifier trained on the training lesions. We imposed a quantitative threshold for similarity based on visual inspection. The percentage of non-solid and solid lesions that satisfy low overfitting and high diversity is 87.1% and 70.2% of non-solid and solid lesions respectively. The distribution of example radiomics features are similar in the generated and real lesions indicated by low Kullback–Leibler divergence scores: 1.62 for non-solid lesions and 1.13 for solid lesions. Classification accuracy for the generated lesions are comparable with that for the real lesions. The proposed network presents a promising approach for generating realistic lesions with clinically relevant features crucial for the comprehensive assessment of novel medical imaging systems.
Simulation for ED Medical Directors and Administrators

Simulation based education has numerous applications in the Emergency Department (ED) and can assist administrators in their goals to create a safe, effective environment for patients and staff. There are some best practices to guide simulation-based programs. In-situ simulation has been shown to assist in identifying potential system failures that might not be otherwise recognized in a simulation center. Mobile simulation is the next step in taking simulation education to the learners, and can identify barriers to quality patient care. Simulation can also be utilized to train for disasters and improve team performance in the Emergency Department. Computer based simulation can aid the ED director in modeling patient flow and determining staffing needs. Documentation of return on investment (or expectation) for various simulation programs can provide value based justification for training programs. Overall, medical simulation is an expansive educational modality that an ED director can utilize to meet the challenges of running a successful ED.
Resonator-QWIP FPA development

Previously, we adopted the resonator-QWIPs and increased the FPA QE to 30 − 40%. In this work, we performed a systematic theoretical analysis on the potential performance based on this new detector structure. In this analysis, the doping density and the number of quantum wells are varied to obtain different detector characteristics. For 25 μm pixel pitch, 10 Me − integrated charge, and F/2 optics, the analysis shows that a 9.2 μm cutoff R-QWIP optimized for high temperature operation could provide 20 mK NEΔT at τ int = 2.6 ms when operating at T = 80 K. An R-QWIP with a 10.2 μm cutoff could achieve the same with τ int = 1.3 ms at T = 74 K. Similar NEΔT can also be achieved with smaller pixel pitch down to 6 μm for both cutoffs with a more relaxed operating condition where the f-number is 1, τ int is 5 ms, and T is 70 K. We provide preliminary test detector data to support this analysis.
The Separate Worlds of Physician and Patient

In his descriptive investigation of phenomena, Husserl paid particular attention to the manner in which the individual experiences the world. He analyzed such experiencing in terms of the structuring activity of consciousness, and thereby disclosed an essential correlation between the perceiver and the object perceived (e.g., between myself-as-believing and the belief-as-believed-by-me). In disclosing this essential correlation Husserl demonstrated that immediate experiencing is necessarily unique.17
Be unto me as a precious ointment : lady Grace Mildmay, sixteenth-century female practitioner

Lady Grace Mildmay's manuscripts represent an unusual presentation of three interrelated areas of family, devotion, and medicine. By examining her autobiography, meditations, and medical papers, I draw together literary analysis and discourses of female devotional and social practices with that of medical discourses to illustrate the ways in which women practitioners may have acquired and disseminated medical knowledge, and interacted with their patients, as well as how Lady Mildmay, and presumably other landed women practitioners, formed a textual community of women who administered medical treatment to lay people in late sixteenth-century England.
Ability, Schooling Inputs and Earnings: Evidence from the NELS

Utilizing the National Educational Longitudinal Study data, this paper examines the role of pre-market cognitive and noncognitive abilities, as well as schooling inputs, on young men's earnings. In addition to the conditional mean, we estimate the impacts over the earnings distribution using recently developed (instrumental) quantile regression techniques. Our results show that noncognitive ability is an important determinant of earnings, but the effects are not uniform across the distribution. We find noncognitive ability to be most effective for lower quantiles. Cognitive ability, on the other hand, shows a reversed pattern with more pronounced effects at the upper tail of the earnings distribution. We also find that, on average, pupil-teacher ratio is a significant determinant of earnings. However, similar to ability, the effects are not homogeneous
Modulo Scheduling with Cache Reuse Information

Software pipelining for instruction-level parallel computers with non-blocking caches usually assigns memory access latency by assuming either all accesses are cache hits or all are cache misses. We contend setting memory latencies by cache reuse analysis leads to better software pipelining than either an all-hit or all-miss assumption. Using a simple cache-reuse model, our software pipelining optimization achieved 10% improved execution performance over assuming all-cache-hits and used 18% fewer registers than required by an all-cache-miss assumption. We conclude that software pipelining for architectures with non-blocking cache should incorprate a memory-reuse model.
Two dimensional calculation of diffusive photocurrent in epitaxial bipolar devices

A 2D finite-difference model is presented that provides significant improvement over existing analytical approximations for the diffusive photocurrent generated in the collector by an epitaxial bipolar device when exposed to ionizing radiation. The model is used to gauge the effect of surface recombination on the amount of photocurrent generated. It is also used to compare the accuracy of several analytical approximations previously published in the literature. >
RADIATION CHEMISTRY OF PROTEINS. II. ENZYMIC ACTIVITY AND DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF LYSOZYME AND ALPHA-CHYMOTRYPSIN.

Abstract Chromatographically homogeneous egg-white lysozyme and crystalline α-chymotrypsin were irradiated in a Cs137 source with γ-rays, and the resulting samples were subjected to amino acid analyses, chromatographic examination, and deuterium exchange measurements. After a 10.7 Mrad dose3 one residue each of serine and tryptophan are lost per mole of α-chymotrypsin while in lysozyme, after a 26.6 Mrad dose 3 , no significant loss in any amino acid residue is observed. From irradiated α-chymotrypsin only one discrete active component can be demonstrated chromatographically. Chromatographic examination of the phosphate soluble material in irradiated lysozyme reveals five active and one inactive components. In α-chymotrypsin hard-to-exchange-amide (peptide) hydrogens are lost at about the same rate as enzymic activity as a function of radiation dose. In lysozyme, irradiation disrupts conformation so that hard-to-exchange-amide (peptide) hydrogens are lost at least twice as rapidly as enzymic activity. These results indicate that enzymic activity in α-chymotrypsin is closely dependent on native molecular conformation whereas only about half the native conformation of lysozyme is essential to enzymic activity.
Dark encounter computations

Two models of distributed computation are described in which the agents are anonymous finite-state sensors interacting through a communication network whose dynamics (in case the agents are mobile) and/or topology they do not control or even know about. These models were recently introduced in a series of papers by Angluin et al. [3,4,2,5].
Endocannabinoid-mediated improvement on a test of aversive memory in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome

Abstract Silencing the gene FMR1 in fragile X syndrome (FXS) with consequent loss of its protein product, FMRP, results in intellectual disability, hyperactivity, anxiety, seizure disorders, and autism-like behavior. In a mouse model (Fmr1 knockout (KO)) of FXS, a deficit in performance on the passive avoidance test of learning and memory is a robust phenotype. We report that drugs acting on the endocannabinoid (eCB) system can improve performance on this test. We present three lines of evidence: (1) Propofol (reported to inhibit fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity) administered 30 min after training on the passive avoidance test improved performance in Fmr1 KO mice but had no effect on wild type (WT). FAAH catalyzes the metabolism of the eCB, anandamide, so its inhibition should result in increased anandamide levels. (2) The effect of propofol was blocked by prior administration of the cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist AM-251. (3) Treatment with the FAAH inhibitor, URB-597, administered 30 min after training on the passive avoidance test also improved performance in Fmr1 KO mice but had no effect on WT. Our results indicate that the eCB system is involved in FXS and suggest that the eCB system is a promising target for treatment of FXS.
Scattering ripples from branes

A novel probe of D-brane dynamics is via scattering of a high-energy ripple traveling along an attached string. The inelastic processes in which the D-brane is excited through emission of an additional attached string is considered. Corresponding amplitudes can be found by factorizing a one-loop amplitude derived in this paper. This one-loop amplitude is shown to have the correct structure, but extraction of explicit expressions for the scattering amplitudes is difficult. It is conjectured that the exponential growth of available string states with energy leads to an inclusive scattering rate that becomes large at the string scale, due to excitation of the {open_quotes}string halo,{close_quotes} and meaning that such probes do not easily see structure at shorter scales. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Nuclear Data Sheets Update for A = 207

Abstract Detailed level schemes, decay schemes, and the experimental data on which they are based are presented for all nuclei with mass number A=207. The experimental data are evaluated; inconsistencies and discrepancies are noted; and adopted values for level and γ-ray energies, γ intensities, as well as for other nuclear properties are given.
EYE COLOR, SIZE AND QUICK-VERSUS-DELIBERATE BEHAVIOR OF BIRDS

Silmmmy.-Two analyses were made relating eye color to size and quickversus-deliberate behavior in families of birds. The areas of behavior studied were flight, feeding and escape. The results indicated that dark-eyed birds tend to be quick and light-eyed birds tend to be deliberate. These behavioral differences are over and above the fact that light-eyed birds tend to be larger than dark-eyed birds. Based on prior studies of eye color and behavior in humans and animals (Worthy, 1974), it was hypothesized that dark eyes are associated with quick behavior and light eyes with deliberate behavior in birds. To test this hypothesis eye-color information was obtained for 3,264 of the species listed in Birds of the Woru: A Checklist (Clements, 1974). In those cases in which eye color differed with age or sex the color for adult males was recorded. For each family the proportion of species with dark (brown or black) eyes was determined. The families ranged in eye darkness from Hummingbirds, all 30 species in the sample dark-eyed, to Herons, all 47 species in the sample light-eyed. Two studies were done relating this variable, eye-darkness, to size and to measures of quick-versus-deliberate2 behavior in the areas of flight, feeding, and escape.
Pulmonary artery constriction by mediastinal lymphoma simulating pulmonary embolus

Two cases of constriction of the pulmonary artery secondary to mediastinal lymphoma are reported. Both patients had clinical symptoms of pulmonary embolism. Radionuclide lung scans showed no perfusion of the right lung in one patient, and diminished perfusion of the right lung in the other. Pulmonary angiography revealed diffuse concentric narrowing of right main pulmonary arteries in both patients and of lobar branches in one, in whom severe encasement of the right pulmonary artery by a lymphomatous mass confirmed at autopsy. The decisive role of pulmonary angiography in determining the underlying pathology in patients with abnormal perfusion scans is illustrated.
The solubility of 1:1 nitrate electrolytes in supercritical water

Abstract A novel method was developed for determining the solubility of sodium nitrate in water solutions at pressures ranging from 248 to 300 bar and temperatures from 450 to 525°C. Sodium nitrate solubilities determined by this method ranged from 293 mg kg −1 at 248 bar and 525°C to 1963 mg kg −1 at 300 bar and 450°C. A simple hydration mechanism was used to model the data. In addition, solubilities were determined for potassium and lithium nitrate salts to assess the effect of ion size on solubility. These experiments determined that the solubility was proportional to the ion size, so that solubility decreased in the order LiNO 3 > NaNO 3 > KNO 3 . These studies were motivated by applications for sodium nitrate in hydrothermal treatment methods, especially supercritical-water oxidation.
High-throughput genotyping: practical considerations concerning the day-to-day application

Advances in high throughput genotyping protocols over the past few years have been remarkable. Most protocols developed to increase the throughput of genotyping rely on fluorescent based technologies for data acquisition and capture. In general, the number of genotypes per day quoted for these protocols are the result of extrapolations based on ideal situations. Here we present our experience with respect to the day to day problems of high throughput genotyping. Our laboratory is currently working on several genetic mapping projects in both mouse and man. For example, we are looking at the genetic basis for susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in a local native American tribe as well as a mouse animal model for the same disease. The machines used to collect gel image data are two Li- Cor infrared DNA sequencers adapted for genotyping. During the evolution of these projects, we have addressed issues concerning the tracking and flow of information from the initial extraction of DNA to the calling of the genotypes. In particular, we have focused on designing methods that are efficient, cost effective and can be easily taught to the technical staff. Computer programs have been written that record gel specific information (e.g. ID information), archive data and capture genotypes in a simple point and click environment. Instrumentation was purchased to ease the repetitive nature of sample allocation, reagent disbursement and gel loading. Using this system, we can produce genotype data on 96 individuals for 20 loci (1920 genotypes) in one day. Solutions to the overall flow of information at each of these junctions are discussed.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
“Sanitized for your protection” on the hygiene of metaphors

The metaphor has gained much importance as of late. No longer simply a decorative feature of discourse, the trope has obtained an epistemological and ontological dimension. No longer merely a figural flourish of prose, the metaphor has acquired an important role in the study of human understanding. Hence, thanks to theoretical rehabilitation and philosophical reconsideration, metaphorical analysis has become an important and popular pursuit for many disciplines--philosophy, literary theory, linguistics, rhetoric, et al.2 While the insights generated and the discoveries made by metaphorical analysis are significant and worthy of much study, we will take as our point of departure the limits of such critical inquiry. This essay offers another perspective, a sort of theoretical intervention which examines from another angle the study of discourse. Rhetorical theory, it will be reasoned, benefits from a perspective which considers the metonymical features of discourse. As such, the comparative advantages of either metaphorical or metonymical analysis are not measured by which one is true, but rather by which one is most useful for a given project. Simply put, a metonymical perspective can recognize and explain a terrain outside the scope of metaphorical analysis. The change we consider in this essay does not render useless or inadequate previous explanations, but rather opens a space or a zone from which to critically evaluate what has been previously overlooked. As noted, the popularity and importance of the metaphor has never been greater. Whether it be conceived as function, cluster, or nature, the research has sought, and continues to seek, the habitation of the metaphor within all symbolic discourse. Indeed, it may be safe to assume that the study of metaphors remains an important and integral component of contemporary rhetorical theory. As a result of theoretician diligence and persistence, a wide array of techniques exist for the study of metaphors within discourse. For examples of such metaphorical research we turn briefly to the work of I.A. Richards, Max Black, Edwin Black, and Paul Ricoeur. Perhaps no one should figure more prominently than I.A. Richards in the reappraisal of the trope. Using the metaphor, his New Rhetoric, seeks to recover meaning, to stabilize and neutralize the somewhat figural moments of discourse.
Synthetic Approaches to Indolo[2,3-a]carbazole alkaloids. Syntheses of arcyriaflavin A and AT2433-B aglycone

Abstract Ozonolysis of tetrahydrophthalimides 17 and 18 or cyclohexene diester 25 and treatment of the intermediate dialdehydes (19,20,26) with an arylhydrazine affords the corresponding bis-arylhydrazones (21–24,27,28). Exposure of 21 and 23 to PSSE in CH3NO2 gives the indolo[2,3-a]carbazole alkaloids arcyriaflavin A (8) and AT2433-B aglycone (29) in low yield. bis-Phenylhydrazones (osazones) (33,34,42,44) of cyclohexandiones were synthesized by m-CPBA oxidation of 4,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)tetrahydrophthalimides followed by treatment of the presumed intermediate 1,2-cyclohexanediones with an arylhydrazine. These osazones were cyclized to the corresponding indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles with PPSE.
A History of Lagrange's Theorem on Groups

(2001). A History of Lagrange's Theorem on Groups. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 99-108.
Presenting me! An examination of self-presentation in US and Russian online social networks

The head–body ratio of 716 profile pictures and user-provided information on the US online social networking site Facebook (423) and VKontakte (293), the Russian equivalent of Facebook, were analyzed to test differences in facial prominence in profile photos posted on Facebook. The social psychology theory of face-ism was used to measure the head–body ratio of men and women. Results show significant differences in how Russian women present themselves in contrast to US women, significant differences in the mean face-ism indexes between men and women of the two countries, and a significant difference in the number of reported friends between Russian and US men and women. All of these factors potentially point toward the societal differences between the two countries, which have manifested themselves in completely different uses of a virtually identical medium.
Physics and chemistry of sintering

The subject matter of this paper, the science of powder partictes coalescence, has developed from powder technology_ Before man learned how to generate high temperatures required in smelting iron ores, he discovered the ways of reducing them at low temperatures to the fine metallic powder. By hot-harnmering this powder, the first iron objects were fabricated. The-monument to the early ferrous powder metallurgy, the famous pillar of Delhi, still stands in that city and owing to the great purity of the iron used in its fabrication, successfully resisted corrosion for more than a millennium_ A new age of powder metallurgy was introduced at the turn of this century for very similar reasons, namely to fabricate the filaments of refractory metals such as tungsten, osmium and molybdenum for the then budding incandescent lamp industry. The high melting point of tungsten exceeding 3000°C precluded the use of the conventional metallurgical techniques of melting and casting. Since then powder technology has made steady progress and today it has become one of the most important methods of materials fabrication. Although from the beginning, modem powder metallurgy was researchminded, an understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying powder metallurgical processes was slow to develop. A powder compact is a hopelessly complicated system. The details of the geometry of the contacts between the individual particles, where the sintering process takes place, are so complex and so unknown that the results of measurements of the changes of the compact properties, such as density, as a function of time and temperature cannot lead
Productivity metrics in dynamic LCA for whole buildings: Using a post-occupancy evaluation of energy and indoor environmental quality tradeoffs

Abstract The IEQ + DLCA framework, which integrates indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and dynamic life cycle assessment (DLCA) at the whole-building level, was revised and expanded to consider non-chemical health impacts and productivity/performance impacts. The complete framework was evaluated for a case study of a LEED gold rated university building, supplemented with a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) designed to elicit qualitative feedback on IEQ and productivity impacts specific to the building. Most non-chemical health impacts (e.g. sick building syndrome (SBS), asthma) were not able to be included in the framework, due to potential overlaps with chemical-specific impacts already included in LCA. However, productivity impacts were able to be included in the framework for the purpose of comparing different design and operational choices for a given building. Occupants were also asked to evaluate the anticipated effects on their individual productivity due to IEQ changes associated with hypothetical energy-saving strategies. Results of the POE showed occupants were generally satisfied with IEQ, and considered that increasing summer cooling temperature set points would enhance productivity. Energy savings were calculated using an empirical energy and IEQ model calibrated with sensed data from the building. Evaluation of the full IEQ + DLCA framework suggested potentially significant energy savings potential and possible productivity enhancement, but indicated tradeoffs between internal chemical impact categories related to building ventilation, indoor pollutant generation and outdoor pollutant intake. The tradeoffs and overlaps between internal chemical impact categories themselves, as well as between chemical and non-chemical impact categories such as (SBS) are a challenge for LCA of whole buildings.
Brecciation of clasts in diamictites of the Gowganda Formation, Ontario, Canada

Igneous boulders in the Gowganda Formation were brecciated prior to the induration of the diamictites in which they occur. The breccias evidently represent the results of the maximum stresses imposed on a lodgment till in the final stages of emplacement. The stresses necessary to fracture granitoid clasts are likely to occur at the base of glaciers of unremarkable size, and could easily be imposed by small glaciers if the pore pressure in the underlying till dropped as a result of sudden leakage of pore fluid.
Central Airways Obstruction Due to Aspergillus fumigatus After Lung Transplantation

Aspergillus fumigatus may affect immunocompromised lung transplant patients in many ways. We report a new pulmonary manifestation of A fumigatus in 3 patients who underwent bilateral lung transplantation. All 3 subjects developed rapid decreases in pulmonary function and were found to have large central airways obstruction with thick plugs of mucus, heavily laden with Aspergillus species. All 3 patients presented with atypical features of Aspergillus infection, but all responded to treatments with either steroids, anti-fungals or both.
Preliminary Basin Analysis of El Rito Formation (Eocene), North-Central New Mexico: ABSTRACT

The Eocene El Rito Formation of north-central New Mexico is the basal Tertiary unit of the Chama basin and the north-western Espanola basin. Deposition of the El Rito occurred in the final stages of the Laramide orogeny. The formation is an alluvial-fan deposit, showing two principal facies, quartzite conglomerate and quartzose sandstone. Paleocurrent directions determined from imbricated clasts, cross-bedding, and parting lineations indicate that the primary sources for the sediment were in the north and northeast. The clasts of the early, conglomeratic facies were derived from the reworking of sediments eroded from the Precambrian crystalline highlands of northern New Mexico early in the Laramide orogeny. The conglomerates represent debris-flow, sieve and high-energy, braided-stream gravel deposits. The immature, sand-sized particles were derived from proximal sources in the Brazos uplift during the final stages of the Laramide orogeny. The sandstone units represent sheet-flow sediments deposited from lower energy, braided streams with more easterly sources than the sources for the conglomerates. Point counts of thin sections of four sandstone samples show high QFL% quartz and QpLvmLsm% metamorphic lithics. These results are consistent with a provenance in the Precambrian metamorphic core of the Brazos uplift. Extensive diagenetic effects typical of Cenozoic desert alluvium include calcite, zeolite, and hematite pore-filling and replacement of grains, alteration of feldspars, and removal of heavy minerals. End_of_Article - Last_Page 563------------
The europium (III)‐induced conformational transitions of poly(dG‐dC) · poly(dG‐dC) and poly(dG‐m5dC) · poly(dG‐m5dC) as studied by europium(III) luminescence, UV, and CD spectroscopy

The Eu3+ ion induces a B to Z transition in poly(dG-dC) · poly(dG-dC) and poly(dG-m5dC) · poly(dG-m5dC). Other conformations were also elicited by this ion. The conformational changes of these polynucleotides were followed by CD and uv spectroscopy. Eu3+ excitation spectra and Eu3+ excited-state lifetimes were measured for the Eu3+ ion bound to the duplexes in various conformations. B-form poly(dG-dC) and poly(dG-m5dC) appear to have a single class of the Eu3+ binding site while the Z-form observed conformation exhibits two. The numbers of H2O molecules coordinated to the Eu3+ ion bound to the various conformations of the duplexes were determined by measuring Eu3+ excited-state lifetimes in H2O and D2O. The first-order rate constants for the Eu3− and [Co(NH3)6]3+ induced B to Z transitions were measured. The Eu3+ mediated conversion is much faster than the [Co(NH3)6]3+ induced conversion in both polynucleotides.
Developing gender: The medical treatment of transgender young people

Abstract Situating the contemporary medical treatment of transgender young people – children and adolescents – in the longer history of engagement between transgender activists and the medical community, this article analyzes the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's (WPATH) Standards of Care (SOC) concerning the medical treatment of transgender young people. It traces how the SOC both achieves medical treatment for children and adolescents and reinforces a normative gender system by cleaving to a developmental approach. Without rejecting the value of developmentally-based medical treatment for now, it offers some preliminary thoughts on queer theory's valuation of developmental failure as a potential future alternative to an emergent medico-technological transgender normativity.
Preparation of giant unilamellar vesicles from damp lipid film for better lipid compositional uniformity

Abstract Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) containing cholesterol often have a wide distribution in lipid composition. In this study, GUVs of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DOPC)/1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DSPC)/cholesterol and 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(diPhyPC)/1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DPPC)/cholesterol were prepared from dry lipid films using the standard electroformation method as well as a modified method from damp lipid films, which are made from compositional uniform liposomes prepared using the Rapid Solvent Exchange (RSE) method. We quantified the lipid compositional distributions of GUV by measuring the miscibility transition temperature of GUVs using fluorescence microscopy, since a narrower distribution in the transition temperature should correspond to a more uniform distribution in GUV lipid composition. Cholesterol molecules can demix from other lipids in dry state and form cholesterol crystals. Using optical microscopy, micron-sized crystals were observed in some dry lipid films. Thus, a major cause of GUV lipid compositional heterogeneity is the demixing of lipids in the dry film state. By avoiding the dry film state, GUVs prepared from damp lipid films have a better uniformity in lipid composition, and the standard deviations of miscibility transition temperature are about 2.5 times smaller than that of GUVs prepared from dry lipid films. Comparing the two ternary systems, diPhyPC/DPPC/cholesterol GUVs has a larger cholesterol compositional heterogeneity, which directly correlates with the low maximum solubility of cholesterol in diPhyPC lipid bilayers (40.2 ± 0.5 mol%) measured by light scattering. Our data indicate that cholesterol interacts far less favorably with diPhyPC than it does with other PCs. The damp lipid film method also has a potential of preparing GUVs from cell membranes containing native proteins without going through a dry state.
Psychiatric intake as a mystery story

The psychiatric intake process is a form of negotiated interaction, where patient presentations are affected by referral source, the illness itself, and illness behavior. At the same time, staff understanding of patient presentations is affected by institutional structures of the clinic, desire to control the clinical interaction, and broad developments in the psychiatric fields (especially the dominance of biopsychiatry). Much of the interplay involves patients withholding or reinterpreting information, staff imputations about both the withheld and the proffered information, and the resultant bargaining over what is at stake. Patients may simply be telling astory, but therapists are listening to it as amystery story. They thus look forcues as to how things are signified and intended, andclues as to how this material fits together as a mystery. This leads to excessive reliance on a question-and-answer mode of engaging, staff interpretation of patient behavior and motivation, and control by staff of information. For patients, too, the clinical intake is a mystery in terms of what is wrong with them, what will be done for them, and how to conduct themselves in the intake.
Experimental models for systemic autoimmune disease—Current concepts

12:626-627. 12. Schatz, II., F. II. Beckman, and M. Floren. (1984). Thymidine incorporation into porcine thyroid folliclcs for estimation of thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins. In D. Doniach, H. Schleuscncr, and B. Wcinheimer (cds.), Current topics in thyroid autoimmunity. Thieme, Stuttgart. (in press). 13. Valente, W. A. et al. (1983). Antibodies that promote thyroid growth: A distinct population of thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies. N. Engl. J. Med. 309:1028-1034.
An Examination of Characteristics of Two Statistics of Agreement for Genuinely Dichotomous Data

This paper presents an empirical analysis of similarities and differences among two statistics, G and Phi, which treat genuinely dichotomous data. These results can aid researchers in selecting between these two statistics and in evaluating results from the use of one versus the other.
Neuroscience: The Cortical Layering of Visual Processing

Summary Visual perception depends on integration of the eyes' raw sensory input with information distributed across distinct regions of the brain. Recordings of neuronal activity in monkeys reveal that these two types of signal reach visual cortex in spatially distinct layers.
A Mixture Approach to Multivariate Analysis of Variance

Abstract In textbooks on multivariate statistics, the topic of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is usually presented in terms of the decomposition of the “total sums of squares and products” matrix into the “within” and “between” matrices, often called the “hypothesis” and the “error” matrices. While this decomposition can be justified by maximum likelihood estimation and hypothesis testing under normality assumptions, better motivation is provided by a finite mixture model in which no assumptions beyond the existence of second moments are needed. We propose that the decomposition be interpreted in terms of estimates of conditional and unconditional moments, rather than as just an algebraic identity.
Modeling the social construction of knowledge in ELT teacher education

The view that classroom knowledge is socially constructed rather than being merely transmitted from teacher to student has made a significant impact in English language teaching, as it has in other subject areas. Increasingly, English language teaching teacher education programs and Master's degrees are anchored in a strong constructivist stance. However, constructivism is not always well integrated within the training programs themselves, leaving teachers with a strongly embedded, unconscious, and unchallenged transmission model. Drawing on Vygotsky's concept of relational imitation, and Dewey's notion of learning through direct experience, this paper suggests ways of challenging the transmission paradigm and incorporating constructivism within ELT teacher education in teaching literacy, portfolio assessment, cooperative learning, and lecture classes.