cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ankle Sprains and Instability in Dancers

Ankle inversion injuries are the most common traumatic injuries in dancers. Ankle stability is integral to normal mobilization and to minimizing the risk for ankle sprain. The ability of the dynamic and static stabilizers of the ankle joint to maintain their structural integrity is a major component of the normal gait cycle. In the world of dance, this quality assumes even greater importance given the range of movement and stresses imposed on the ankle during various dance routines.
Genomic organization of a sex specific gene: the primary sperm receptor of the mouse zona pellucida.

The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix which surrounds mammalian oocytes and plays an important role in the species-specific fertilization of mammals. The mouse zona is composed of three sulfated glycoproteins one of which, ZP3, serves as the primary sperm receptor in the initial interaction between egg and sperm. We have previously cloned a ZP3 cDNA and shown that the gene for ZP3 is expressed in a precise temporal and spatial fashion only in growing oocytes. We now describe the genomic organization of this gene whose expression is germ-line and female sex-specific. The gene contains 8 exons spanning approximately 8.6 kilobases in the mouse genome where it appears to be present as a single copy gene. S1 analyses of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the gene define the transcription start and stop sites and show that ZP3 mRNA has very short untranslated regions. Sequence determination has revealed a novel tandem repeat which is reiterated six times in the 5′ flanking region and five times in the seventh intron.
Female-Headed Families and Poverty in Rural America*

Abstract Employing data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 March supplements of the Current Population Surveys, this study examines changing household and family structure in metro and nonmetro areas and corresponding changes in poverty, emphasizing female-headed families with children under age 18. We also pay particular attention to the structure and economic conditions of subfamilies with children during this period. Household and family structure in suburban metro and nonmetro areas were quite similar by 2000. In contrast, families and households in nonmetro and metro central city areas were similar in their high prevalence of poverty. Finally, the risk of female-headed families and subfamilies with children living in poverty is highest for nonmetro residents, and their individual characteristics suppress rather than account for this disadvantage. This pattern persisted across the decades studied, despite economic growth during the 1990s.
MOLECULAR GENETIC MANIPULATION OF THE DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)

Here, we describe the first system for genetic transformation of Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hustedt) Hasle et Heimdal, the only diatom for which a complete genome sequence is presently available. This method is based on microparticle bombardment followed by selection of transformants using the antibiotic nourseothricin. It exhibits the highest transformation efficiency compared with transformation systems for other diatom species. To achieve the high transformation efficiency, it is important to allow recovery of the bombarded T. pseudonana cells in non-selective suspension culture before spreading on nourseothricin containing agar plates. It is demonstrated that T. pseudonana is readily susceptible to co-transformation allowing for the simultaneous introduction of a non-selective gene together with the selection marker gene. Both introduced genes are stably inherited even in the absence of the antibiotic selection pressure. We have developed two T. pseudonana-specific expression vectors that can drive constitutive expression (vector pTpfcp) and inducible expression (vector pTpNR) of introduced genes. In combination with the available genome data the T. pseudonana transformation system is expected to provide a powerful tool for functional genomics in diatoms.
Recovery of excitability and of impulse propagation in the in situ canine conduction system

B Y VIRTUE of its location in the heart, the function of the specialized conduction system has until recently been relatively inaccessible to direct study. Some information has been obtained from direct studies of isolated Purkinje fibers, l from studies of the specialized conduction system in isolated perfused hearts,*-* and from interpretations based on electrocardiographic studies and clinical observations. From these observations it has been suggested that in the specialized conduction system the duration of local refractoriness may be longer than in the myocardium. One isolated direct observation on the recovery of excitability of an intramural Purkinje fiber bundle has been reported.5 Use of modern surgical technics in cardiovascular research now permits the study of specific structures within the heart, including the specialized conduction system, by means of surface electrodes positioned under direct vision .6,7 The present report presents the first direct study of the excitability cycle of three major subdivisions of the specialized conduction system of the in situ heart. These data include observations on the bundle of His, the left and right bundle branches and Purkinje fiberpapillary muscle junctions of the left and right ventricles, and, for comparison with the specialized conduction system, observations on the myocardium of the left ventricle.
A rare case of endometrioma and metastases of previously operated struma ovarii

We present the first case of association between an ovarian endometrioma and peritoneal metastases of struma ovarii. In a 20-year-old woman, previously subjected to right adnexectomy at 12 years old for struma ovarii, during operative videolaparoscopy, we observed on left ovary the presence of endometrioma of 6 cm in diameter and on pelvic peritoneum and right lateral abdominal wall, red colored nodules of multiple sizes; one of these was visible on the diaphragm and one on the right anterior lobe of the liver. Definitive histological examination revealed endometriotic cyst, and the immunohistochemical analysis of peritoneal nodules revealed the presence of thyroid tissue.
Men's support groups and the men's movement: Their role for men and for women

This article examines the structure and functions of men's support groups. They are multiplying rapidly in the US and Canada within the context of the Mythopoetic Men's Movement. Different from the social action movements of the 1970s and 1980s, but assuming their questions, this movement calls on men to initiate themselves by striving, first, for personal authenticity, second, for contact with other men to achieve it, and, third, for a nurturing of society with the integrity they have found. Emphasizing both psychology and spirituality, it provides the context for understanding the very diverse operations of men's support groups. The impact of these groups on men may best be understood through the “function of communal witness” and the healing reversal of the shame process that results. In the final analysis, these groups represent a modern form of the initiating process essential for a healthy society.
Antimonide-based type II superlattices: A superior candidate for the third generation of infrared imaging systems

Type II superlattices (T2SLs), a system of interacting multiquantum wells, were introduced by Nobel Laureate L. Esaki in the 1970s. Since then, this material system has drawn a lot of attention, especially for infrared detection and imaging. In recent years, the T2SL material system has experienced incredible improvements in material growth quality, device structure design, and device fabrication techniques that have elevated the performance of T2SL-based photodetectors and focal-plane arrays (FPAs) to a level comparable to state-of-the-art material systems for infrared detection and imaging, such as mercury cadmium telluride compounds. We present the current status of T2SL-based photodetectors and FPAs for imaging in different infrared regimes, from short wavelength to very long wavelength, and dual-band infrared detection and imaging, as well as the future outlook for this material system.
Contrails of Learning: Using New Technologies for Vertical Knowledge-building

Abstract Higher education is still dominated by objectivist models of learning involving experts who convey information to novices. Educational research has shown that this model is less effective than more active, constructivist approaches that help learners to build new knowledge on existing knowledge. Although to a lesser extent, the objectivist model is perpetuated in graduate education, a context where students are, ironically, assumed to be working alongside their mentors and becoming part of the culture of research in their fields. Using a recent report issued by the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, The Responsive Ph.D.: Innovations in Doctoral Education (2005), we argue that emerging technologies can help to create constructivist learning environments that challenge students to participate more actively in their own education. As illustration, we consider a graduate seminar on educational technologies that uses a wiki not only to engage students in knowledge-building but to link subsequent sections of the course into an ongoing, purposeful activity that functions both within and beyond the classroom. We explore some of the challenges we faced in getting students to take control of the wiki and overcome their existing assumptions about power and authority in graduate education.
GEF-H1 Modulates Localized RhoA Activation during Cytokinesis under the Control of Mitotic Kinases

Formation of the mitotic cleavage furrow is dependent upon both microtubules and activity of the small GTPase RhoA. GEF-H1 is a microtubule-regulated exchange factor that couples microtubule dynamics to RhoA activation. GEF-H1 localized to the mitotic apparatus in HeLa cells, particularly at the tips of cortical microtubules and the midbody, and perturbation of GEF-H1 function induced mitotic aberrations, including asymmetric furrowing, membrane blebbing, and impaired cytokinesis. The mitotic kinases Aurora A/B and Cdk1/Cyclin B phosphorylate GEF-H1, thereby inhibiting GEF-H1 catalytic activity. Dephosphorylation of GEF-H1 occurs just prior to cytokinesis, accompanied by GEF-H1-dependent GTP loading on RhoA. Using a live cell biosensor, we demonstrate distinct roles for GEF-H1 and Ect2 in regulating Rho activity in the cleavage furrow, with GEF-H1 catalyzing Rho activation in response to Ect2-dependent localization and initiation of cell cleavage. Our results identify a GEF-H1-dependent mechanism to modulate localized RhoA activation during cytokinesis under the control of mitotic kinases.
Transfer of Fallout Manganese54 from Feed to Milk

Abstract Manganese 54 , a gamma-ray emitting neutron activation product with a half-life of 310 days, has been regularly observed since May, 1963, in fallout contaminated dairy feeds, and in rainfall and surface air. The transfer coefficient for the transfer of Mn 54 from an alfalfa hay diet to milk was approximately 7×10 −6 per liter, while for fallout Cs 137 transfer coefficients were approximately 4×10 −3 per liter. The transfer coefficient is defined as the daily intake of the radionuclide in the feed in pCi, divided by the resulting concentration of the radionuclide in the milk (pCi per liter). The rate of secretion of Mn 54 into milk is extremely low, due to poor absorption from the gut. Manganese 54 was not found in muscle tissue of dairy cattle, but was in the liver of several slaughtered cows at levels of 30 to 341 pCi per kg of wet tissue, comparable to the usual Cs 137 levels.
From Submicrosecond to Subnanosecond Pulses - Entering a New Domain of Electric Field-Cell Interactions

Summary form only given. By reducing the duration of electrical pulses from microseconds into the nanosecond range, the electric field-cell interactions shift increasingly from the plasma (cell) membrane to subcellular structures. Yet another domain of pulsed electric field interactions with cell structures and functions opens when the pulse duration is reduced to values such that membrane charging becomes negligible, and direct electric field-molecule effects determine the biological mechanisms. For mammalian cells, this holds for a pulse duration of less than one nanosecond. In addition to entering a new domain of electric field-cell interactions, entering the subnanosecond temporal range will allow us to use near-field-focusing, wideband antennas, rather than needle or plate electrodes, to generate large pulsed electric fields with reasonable spatial resolution in tissue. Modeling results indicate that electric field intensities of tens (up to perhaps hundreds) of kV/cm with a spatial resolution of a few mm can be generated with prolate-spheroidal reflectors with TEM wave-launching structures, and using state-of-the-art pulsed power technology. In order to study the biological effect of subnanosecond pulses, we have developed a sub-ns pulse generator capable of delivering 250 kV into a high impedance load. The pulse width is approximately 600 ps with a voltage rise of up to 1 MV/ns. The pulses have been applied to B16 (murine melanoma) cells, and the plasma membrane integrity was studied by means of trypan blue exclusion. The results show that temporary nanopores in the plasma membrane are generated, allowing the uptake of drugs or nanoparticles without affecting the viability of the cells.
Usefulness of benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose to distinguish and fractionate double-stranded DNA bearing different extents of single-stranded regions.

Abstract Chromatography on benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose (BN-cellulose) is indicated to be a procedure sensitive within certain limits to the degree of single-strandedness in a double-stranded DNA molecule. For linear coliphage P22 DNA digested with λ-exonuclease to the extent of 0.0–5.5 %, there was a linear relationship between the degree of digestion and the concentration of caffeine at which peak elution of the digested DNA occurred from BN-cellulose. This relationship has been used to obtain an estimate of the size of single-stranded regions of DNA generated in bacteria as a consequence of replication on a template bearing thymine dimers. The experiments indicate that BN-cellulose may be successfully exploited to purify this form of DNA.
Provisioning and Food Sharing by Lactating Spotted Hyenas, Crocuta crocuta (Mammalia: Hyaenidae)

In contrast to most other carnivores, spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) do not regularly carry food back to their dens for provisioning of dependent young. Kruuk (1976) and Mills (1989) hypothesized that high levels of competition for provisioned food at the communal dens utilized by spotted hyenas may have selected against provisioning behavior in this species. We observed lactating female spotted hyenas carry food from ungulate kills to their dependent cubs at the den 18 times, and share food with their dependent cubs at kills 33 times. We used these data to test the Kruuk/Mills hypothesis by assessing effects of feeding competition on provisioning behavior. Provisioning rates were low, and were correlated with social rank. Provisioning attempts were often unsuccessful. Females dominant to the provisioner, with cubs also residing at the communal den, were the most effective competitors for provisioned food. Attempts to share food with cubs at kills were more successful than were attempts to provision cubs at the den. Our data thus support the Kruuk/Mills hypothesis.
Tracking Explicit Chain Sequence in Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations

The execution of individual KMC events can become a major computational bottleneck in the simulation of sequences along chains using KMC because of complex data storage schemes required to record the sequence of each chain. The execution of a KMC event can be very time-consuming because searching, moving, and modifying all the data detailing a chain to reflect the transformation as a result of a chemical reaction event can be computationally expensive. To address this issue, we developed a new data storage scheme for recording sequence, which can significantly improve calculation speed without affecting the information content of the calculations. By using the proposed data storage scheme, the computational time can be reduced significantly from 12 h to 4 min for our test reaction system.
Occlusion in removable partial prosthodontics

Abstract Textbooks and representative articles from dental periodical literature related to occlusion in removable partial prosthodontics were reviewed. An attempt was made to ascertain common denominators as well as varying concepts and practices among the authors. The author of this article states his opinions and practices in developing contacts of opposing teeth with distal extension removable partial dentures and the correction of occlusal discrepancies due to processing procedures.
An isocratic reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographie assay for adenine nucleotides in rat liver

Abstract An isocratic, reverse-phase high-performance liquid Chromatographie assay for adenine nucleotides was developed and validated for rat liver. The hepatic concentration of adenine nucleotides was shown to be dependent on the method used to obtain the liver sample. The recovery of nucleotides was greater than 90%. The method has the advantages of being specific, fast, and low cost.
Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Portfolio for Aspiring Educational Leaders: A Comprehensive, Evidence-Based Model:

Following a programmatic model for change, one new educational leadership department describes the process involved to design, develop, and implement a Web-portfolio to integrate, document, and evaluate leadership experiences of aspiring school leaders in a graduate education program. To ensure the successful implementation of the Web-portfolios, the department followed Barrett's model—vision, skills, incentives, resources, and action plan [1]. Each aspect of the model is described as the department migrates from a traditional paper-based portfolio to a Web-portfolio that scaffolds the development process through the use of a template—and at the same time—maintains the creativity of expression that has always been the hallmark of paper-based portfolios. Through the implementation of Web-portfolios, leadership candidates are given the opportunity to use a variety of artifact types including text, graphics, video, audio, photographs, and animations, to serve as evidence of their acquisition of the knowledge...
Objective measure of incidental learning in oncology.

Summary The learning experience of 150 third-year medical students in the specific area of paediatric oncology during a 6-week required paediatric clerkship, was assessed. The clerkship, during which emphasis is placed on patient contact, was based at each of two institutions (A and B). Institution A, with a large relevant patient population and more teaching staff in the field of paediatric oncology, relies primarily on incidental learning relative to this area during the clerkship. Institution B, with smaller related patient groups and teaching staff, employs didactic instruction in this field. Results of pre- and post-testing at both institutions revealed comparable and significant gain in information relative to paediatric oncology in both student groups. Pre-test scores did not increase during the course of the school year, suggesting that the influence of specific prior clerkships was negligible. Differences in the amount learned between individual student rotational groups were less marked in institution A, where opportunities to contact patients and teaching staff concerned with this specific area, was more consistent.
High Pressure Hydrogen Storage Tank: A Parametric Design Study

Low hydrogen density of high pressure vessels is the primary concern in compressed hydrogen storage techniques. To increase densities, a new tank design is proposed in this paper with simulative design approaches. A novel design feature of this tank is a multilayered wall, which is composed of a "dynamic wall" capable of absorbing hydrogen while supporting the tank and preventing hydrogen permeation and embrittlement. Such a proposed tank is modeled with finite element method to determine required properties towards achieving the Department of Energy (DOE) targets of 2010 and 2015. Parameters and relations for this engineering design are obtained.
Structural modal analysis using collocated piezoelectric actuator/sensors: an electromechanical approach

This paper presents a modal analysis technique based on the measurement of electric admittance of collocated actuator/sensors. The technique utilizes thin piezoelectric patches bonded on structures as both sensor and actuator. A commercial electrical impedance analyzer is used to measure the electrical admittance of the PZT patch. An SDOF model governing the electromechanical interaction is derived and then used to extract the mechanical impedance of the structures from the measured electrical admittance. Two corresponding algorithms, revised inverse Nyquist plane curve fitting and admittance matching-half power bandwidth approaches are presented for the extraction of modal parameters. Both approaches exclude the stiffening effect of PZT on structure yielding better estimations of extracted structure natural frequencies. The placement of PZT on structure is also studied. An experimental example is given on a small flexible beam. The results show the advantages of this technique in modal test of lightweight and flexible structures whose modal parameters are extremely sensitive to the stiffening of the transducers and shaker.
Accelerated Publication: Carbon nanotube thin film pH electrode for potentiometric enzymatic acetylcholine biosensing

Carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film (SWCNT-TF) is demonstrated as a pH electrode and a platform for enzymatic potentiometric acetylcholine biosensors. SWCNT is layer-by-layer assembled with a positively charged polyelectrolyte on the metal electrode. The open circuit potential on SWCNT-TF electrode is measured with reference to an Ag/AgCl electrode in various pH buffers. With the aid of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), acetylcholine (Ach) is successfully detected using the SWCNT-TF pH electrode that demonstrates Nernst potential of -43mV/pH. AchE-modified electrode has a sensing resolution of [email protected] of Ach and sensitivity of 19mV/decade. The SWCNT-TF pH electrode fabricated by layer-by-layer self-assembly may play an important role in micro/nanoscale electrochemical sensors.
DeviceNet network health monitoring using physical layer parameters

Since the 1980s, the manufacturing environment has seen the introduction of numerous sensor/actuator bus and network protocols for automation systems, which led to increased manufacturing productivity, improved inter- changeability of devices from different vendors, facilitated flexibility and reconfigurability for various applications and improved reliability, while reducing installation and maintenance costs. However, such heightened manufacturing integration facilitated by industrial networks also leads to dramatic consequences of improper or degraded network operation. This paper presents a novel Network Health Management system that provides diagnostic and prognostic information for DeviceNet at the device and network level. It extracts features from analog waveform communication signals, as well as logic and timing features from digital packet logs. These features are used to evaluate the network system performance degradation by applying multidimensional clustering techniques. In addition, this work proposes a hybrid prognostics structure using combined physical and logic layer features to provide fault location information that cannot easily be realized with analog or digital data independently. Furthermore, an intermittent connection diagnostic algorithm which analyzes patterns of interrupted and error packets on the network was developed. This tool can be used as a packet source identification method which uses joint analog features and digital information inferred from analog waveforms. A test-bed was constructed and the experiments of network impedance mismatch, cable degradation, and intermittent connections were conducted in laboratory environment. Experimental results show that the proposed system can detect degradations of the network and identify the location of the intermittent connection successfully. Field tests performed in an industrial environment were also conducted and their results are discussed.
Gas exchange and metabolism in the Sirenidae (Amphibia: Caudata)--I. Oxygen consumption of submerged sirenids as a function of body size and respiratory surface area.

Abstract 1. 1. Cutaneous oxygen consumption for three species of sirenid salamanders submerged at 25°C was determined. 2. 2. The relationship between metabolic rate (submerged) and body weight was approximately the same for each of the three species. This relationship for the Sirenidae is given by the equation; MR (submerged) = 72 W 0.66 . 3. 3. The surface area of the skin was found to have a similar relationship to body weight: SA = 10.5W 0.65 . 4. 4. Critical oxygen tension ( P c ) increases with increasing body size in the Sirenidae. 5. 5. Preliminary experiments indicate that Siren lacertina elevates its standard metabolic rate when allowed to breath both air and water, compared to the rate when breathing water alone. 6. 6. A discussion of the possibility that standard metabolic rate in poikilotherms may be determined by the availability of oxygen is presented.
Language in Context: A Model of Language Oriented Library Instruction

Abstract The following case study examines the opportunities and challenges of Language Oriented Library Instruction (LOLI). This instructional method is based on the idea that second language instruction should be the driving force for library instruction sessions delivered to students of world languages. Based on the experience of one librarian and a German language instructor at Kansas State University, this article will outline how to successfully offer library instruction in languages other than English.
Rapid determination of cancellous bone mineral loss in ovariectomized rats by a subtraction technique.

We present a rapid technique for determining cancellous bone mineral changes in small experimental animals. We used the distal centimeter of the right femur from ovariectomized (OX) (N = 30) and shamovariectomized (ShOX) (N = 28) rats, aged 90 days at surgery and killed at times from 125-540 days postsurgery. We used dual photon absorptiometry to scan the segment three times: intact, after parasagittal splitting, and after removing all cancellous bone. We equated the difference between the second and third scans to cancellous bone mineral content (Cn.BMC). To validate this, we compared it with histomorphometrically determined bone volume (BV/TV) of the proximal tibial metaphysis of the same rat. Parasagittally splitting the segment removed no detectable mineral. OX rats had 40% less Cn.BMC than ShOX rats. However, OX rats had 80% lower BV/TV than ShOX rats. The subtraction technique not only makes a rapid, reasonable assessment of cancellous bone loss in OX rats but permits a smaller sample size than histomorphometry. The histomorphometric technique finds a greater difference between OX and ShOX rats because it examines a region where cancellous bone loss is more marked than does the scanning technique. The current technique measures bone of not only the central secondary spongiosa but also the juxtacortical region and the primary spongiosa, where OX-related differences are less prominent. The principles of this subtraction technique proved workable. However, for the future, we recommend a two-scan technique using a dual energy X-ray scanner. It is likely to take only 20-30 min per specimen to assess cancellous bone mineral.
A Taguchi study of the aeroelastic tailoring design process

A Taguchi study was performed to determine the important players in the aeroelastic tailoring design process and to find the best composition of the optimization's objective function. The Wing Aeroelastic Synthesis Procedure (TSO) was used to ascertain the effects that factors such as composite laminate constraints, roll effectiveness constraints, and built-in wing twist and camber have on the optimum, aeroelastically tailored wing skin design. The results show the Taguchi method to be a viable engineering tool for computational inquiries, and provide some valuable lessons about the practice of aeroelastic tailoring.
Comment on "Solution of Nonlinear Equations"

The new method of solving nonlinear equations suggested by Kuo1is very interesting and the insight is truly commendable. However, the claim that the new method involves a smaller measure of work than the Newton-Raphson (N-R) method is somewhat m misleading. This statement is explained as follows.
Interleukin‐1 Represses COLIA1 Promoter Activity in Calvarial Bones of Transgenic ColCAT Mice In Vitro and In Vivo

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibits collagen synthesis in osteoblastic cell lines and primary osteoblast-like cells. However, promoter elements regulating type I collagen A1 (COLIA1) expression in vivo and in organ culture may differ from those regulating expression in cell culture. We have examined the effects of IL-1 on reporter gene activity in neonatal transgenic mouse calvariae bearing COLIA1 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (ColCAT) fusion genes. The parent construct, ColCAT 3.6, contains 3.5 kb of 5′ flanking sequence and 115 bp of 5′ untranslated region fused to the CAT reporter. In 48-h calvarial organ cultures, IL-1 repressed ColCAT 3.6 promoter activity and collagen synthesis in a dose-related manner, with a maximal inhibition of 40–65%. This repression was retained in 5′ deletion constructs truncated to −1719 bp. The inhibition of transgene mRNA was blocked by cycloheximide, indicating a requirement for new protein synthesis. Pretreatment with indomethacin diminished the inhibitory effect of IL-1 on CAT activity and collagen synthesis, suggesting partial mediation by prostaglandins. Local in vivo injection of IL-1 (500 ng) decreased calvarial transgene mRNA after 8 h, an effect that was partially blocked by indomethacin. ColCAT transgenic mice represent a useful model for in vitro and in vivo assessment of COLIA1 promoter regulation by cytokines and other factors.
The discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine and d-amphetamine: the effects of three routes of administration.

Abstract Five rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate intramuscular cocaine (0.25 mg/kg, 10 min presession) from saline. In subsequent tests, intramuscular cocaine (0.03–0.5 mg/kg, 10 min presession) and intravenous cocaine (0.03–0.25 mg/kg, 10 min presession) controlled cocaine-appropriate responding in a dose-dependent manner and all monkeys tested reached training criterion (greater than 90% cocaine-appropriate responses) levels after the higher doses were tested. d -Amphetamine (0.03–0.5 mg/kg) delivered intramuscularly (10 min presession) or intragastrically (60 min presession) also controlled cocaine-appropriate responding in a dose-dependent manner and, at the higher doses, all monkeys tested reached criterion. Regardless of route, cocaine and d -amphetamine were similar in potency. Intragastric cocaine (0.5–16.0 mg/kg, 60 min presession) also controlled cocaine-appropriate responding at some dose in each monkey tested, but the drug was less potent. More importantly, the effects of IG cocaine were less systematic possibly due to uncontrolled pharmacokinetic factors.
Suicide: A primary care concern

Abstract The suicide of a patient stimulates feelings of failure, denial, rejection, anger, and guilt both in those persons close to the deceased and in the treating physician. Most persons who kill themselves give warnings and clues, thus providing an opportunity to prevent suicide. The first step in prevention is increased awareness that the potential can exist in some patients. Effective intervention includes the physician establishing a relationship of trust with a willingness to inquire openly about suicidal ideation. An organized clinical approach to assessment and a predetermined plan to refer to therapists with competence in treating suicidal patients will save lives.
Manipulation of the Orientational Response of Liquid Crystals to Proteins Specifically Bound to Covalently Immobilized and Mechanically Sheared Films of Functionalized Bovine Serum Albumin

This paper reports on the orientational behavior of thermotropic liquid crystals supported on films of biotinylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) that are covalently immobilized on the surface of glas...
Computational electromagnetic analysis of plasmonic effects in interdigital photodetectors

Plasmonic nanostructures have been shown to act as optical antennas that enhance optical devices. This study focuses on computational electromagnetic (CEM) analysis of GaAs photodetectors with gold interdigital electrodes. Experiments have shown that the photoresponse of the devices depend greatly on the electrode spacing and the polarization of the incident light. Smaller electrode spacing and transverse polarization give rise to a larger photoresponse. This computational study will simulate the optical properties of these devices to determine what plasmonic properties and optical enhancement these devices may have. The models will be solving Maxwell’s equations with a finite element method (FEM) algorithm provided by the software COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4. The preliminary results gathered from the simulations follow the same trends that were seen in the experimental data collected, that the spectral response increases when the electrode spacing decreases. Also the simulations show that incident light with the electric field polarized transversely across the electrodes produced a larger photocurrent as compared with longitudinal polarization. This dependency is similar to other plasmonic devices. The simulation results compare well with the experimental data. This work also will model enhancement effects in nanostructure devices with dimensions that are smaller than the current samples to lead the way for future nanoscale devices. By seeing the potential effects that the decreased spacing could have, it opens the door to a new set of devices on a smaller scale, potentially ones with a higher level of enhancement for these devices. In addition, the precise modeling and understanding of the effects of the parameters provides avenues to optimize the enhancement of these structures making more efficient photodetectors. Similar structures could also potentially be used for enhanced photovoltaics as well.
Biomarkers of chemotherapy-induced testicular damage

Increasing numbers of men are having or wanting children after chemotherapy treatment. This can be attributed to improvements in cancer therapies that increase survival. However, a side effect of most chemotherapy drugs is disruption of spermatogenesis and a drastic reduction in sperm count and quality. Although many men eventually recover reproductive function, as indicated by normal semen analyses, there is no clinical test that can assess sperm quality at a high level of sensitivity. Sperm fluorescent in situ hybridization (i.e., FISH) and several different tests for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation have been used infrequently in clinical assessment. Animal models of chemotherapy-induced testicular damage are currently being used to identify potential molecular biomarkers that may be translatable to humans—these include sperm messenger RNAs, microRNAs, histone modifications, and DNA methylation patterns. Changes in these molecular measurements are quantitative and sensitive, potentially making them important clinical biomarkers of testicular function after chemotherapy treatment.
Existence and uniqueness of solutions for the hydrostatic Euler equations on a bounded domain with analytic data

Abstract We address the question of well-posedness in spaces of analytic functions for the hydrostatic incompressible Euler equations (inviscid primitive equations) on domains with boundary, with a novel side-boundary condition.
Einfluß lokalisierter Dreiquantenprozesse auf die Wärmeleitfähigkeit in Kristallen

Recent measurements by Pohl and Walker have shown that the thermal conductivity of some insulating crystals (alkali halides) which are doped with certain impurity centers, exhibits a distinct resonance indentation in the temperature behaviour. This requires an additional new relaxation time which is no longer monotonic and may be ascribed to non-elastic scattering of the phonons at localized modes. In the following, the relaxation time of the threequantum process (k) + (k′) = (s), which is symmetric in both involved phonons, is calculated. A preliminary comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental data seems to indicate that these processes are the only essential ones for monatomic impurity centers.
Hairy tale of signaling in hair follicle development and cycling

Hair follicles (HFs) is an appendage from the vertebrate skin epithelium, and is critical for environmental sensing, animal appearance, and body heat maintenance. HFs arise from the embryonic ectoderm and regenerate cyclically during adult life. Distinct morphological and functional stages from development through homeostasis have been extensively studied for the past decades to dissect the critical molecular mechanisms. Accumulating work suggests that different signaling cascades, such as Wnt, Bmp, Shh, and Notch, together with specific combinations of transcription factors are at work at different stages. Here we provide a comprehensive review of mouse genetics studies, which include lineage tracing along with knockout and over-expression of core genes from key signaling pathways, to paint an updated view of the molecular regulatory network that govern each stage of hair follicle development and adult cycling.
Interaction of proteins S16, S17 and S20 with 16 S ribosomal RNA

We have used rapid chemical probing methods to examine the effect of assembly of ribosomal proteins S16, S17 and S20 on the reactivity of individual residues of 16 S rRNA. Protein S17 strongly protects a compact region of the RNA between positions 245 and 281, a site previously assigned to binding of S20. Protein S20 also protects many of these same positions, albeit more weakly than S17. Strong S20-dependent protections are seen elsewhere in the 5' domain, most notably at positions 108, and in the 160-200 and 330 loop regions. Enenpectedly, S20 also causes protection of several bases in the 1430-1450 region, in the 3' minor domain. In the presence of the primary binding proteins S4, S8 and S20, we observe a variety of effects that result from assembly of the secondary binding protein S16. Most strongly protected are nucleotides around positions 50, 120, 300 to 330 and 360 in the 5' domain, and positions 606 to 630 in the central domain. In addition, numerous nucleotides in the 5' and central domains exhibit enhanced reactivity in response to S16. Interestingly, the strength of the S20-dependent effects in the 1430-1450 region is attenuated in the presence of S4 + S8 + S20, and restored in the presence of S4 + S8 + S20 + S16. Finally, the previously observed rearrangement of the 300 region stem-loop that occurs during assembly is shown to be an S16-dependent event. We discuss these findings with respect to assignment of RNA binding sites for these proteins, and in regard to the co-operativity of ribosome assembly.
Effects of gender on upper airway collapsibility and severity of obstructive sleep apnea.

Abstract Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is far more common in males than females. The discrepancy between the lower prevalence of OSA, the greater frequency of obesity and the smaller airway size in women compared to men suggests that a gender difference underlies this condition. We hypothesized that due to differences in tissue linkage women have more stable and less mobile upper airway structures than men, providing protection against severe forms of OSA. Methods Seventy-one consecutive patients with OSA, defined as having apnea-hypopnea index ≥5 events per hour, were enrolled into the study. The median (range) apnea-hypopnea index was 20 (5–132) events/h. In addition, measurements of upper airway dimensions were made, using an acoustic reflectance method, while the lower jaw was in the resting position and during retrusive posture. Measurements of upper airway dimensions were used during wakefulness to examine whether changes in pharyngeal dimensions, resulting from retrusive movement of the mandible commonly occurring during sleep, would explain the gender differences in the characteristics of OSA. Results OSA was much more positional and severe in men than women as indicated by the higher apnea-hypopnea index in supine position compared with sleeping on the side (difference between supine and side apnea-hypopnea index: 43.7±5.2 (SEM) events/h in men versus 10.7±7.6 events/h in women, P =0.0015). The position dependency of OSA was most pronounced in those patients who demonstrated the largest decrease in pharyngeal cross-sectional area with retrusive movement of the mandible. There was no significant change in pharyngeal cross-sectional area as a result of retrusive movement of the mandible in women. Conclusions Men tend to have a larger but more collapsible airway during mandibular movement than women and this, in part, may play a role in the positional dependency and severity of OSA in men.
Odor-mediated patterned responding as a function of delay of reinforcement but not reward-magnitude contrast

A two-phase experiment examining the production and utilization of odors under conditions of delay of reinforcement (Phases 1 and 2) but not reward-magnitude contrast (Phase 1) is presented. Appropriate odor-based patterning was shown only when animals entered an empty goalbox and reinforcement was subsequently delivered. Reducing reinforcement on selected trials (Phase 2) failed to result in the development of patterning by subjects entering a preloaded goalbox and did not significantly influence patterned responding that had already been established by those animals that entered an empty goalbox.
Understanding Hypermasculinity in Context: A Theory-Driven Analysis of Urban Adolescent Males' Coping Responses

In this article, we employ Spencer's (1995) Phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST) as a framework to examine risk and resilience, with a specific focus on understanding hypermasculine attitudes among low-resource urban, adolescent males. In the article, we highlight the need to understand normative human development processes in context and to consider risk and resilience in conjunction with these processes. We describe findings from a study of risk, social supports, and hypermasculinity. In the discussion, we outline the implications of these findings for theory and practice.
Effects of processing on the solid-state methyl transfer of tetraglycine methyl ester

The thermally induced solid-state methyl transfer of tetraglycine methyl ester (TGME) was followed by HPLC analysis for samples subjected to freeze-drying and milling and compared to that observed for a highly crystalline unprocessed sample. Corresponding measurements by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were used to follow physical changes in these samples during the course of the reaction. It was shown that freeze-drying and milling of TGME produced samples with significantly reduced crystallinity, i.e. amorphous structure, as well as an apparent polymorphic transformation. HPLC analysis revealed greatly enhanced chemical reactivity for the processed samples relative to the crystalline sample, but no overall change in the chemical intermediates and products produced. The kinetic curves for the freeze-dried samples were monotonic and could be treated by a first-order model, whereas the curves for the milled samples consisted of two parts, a rapid initial reaction followed by a slow phase. Kinetic data in both cases were treated with the assumption that the reaction proceeds independently and simultaneously in amorphous and crystalline phases. It was shown that reactivity in the amorphous phase for freeze-dried and milled samples is very similar, whereas reactivity taking place in the crystalline regions occurs at a rate almost two orders-of-magnitude greater in freeze-dried samples than in the milled preparations. Thus it is concluded that in addition to the formation of amorphous states processing of TGME such as freeze-drying or milling can introduce disorder into the remaining crystal lattice sufficient to also influence the kinetics of chemical degradation.
Anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitation of phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase activity in different cell types after exposure to epidermal growth factor.

In previous studies from this laboratory, it was shown that mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) or insulin increased the labeling of phosphaditylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PI-3,4-P2) in MA-10 cells prelabeled with different radioactive precursors (Pignataro, O.P., and Ascoli, M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1718-1723 and Mol. Endocrinol. (1990) 4, 758-765). In order to further characterize this phenomenon we sought to determine if we could use anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies to immunoprecipitate a phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinase activity from MA-10 cells treated with mEGF or insulin. Our data indicate that this is indeed the case, and that the PI kinase precipitated is a PI-3' kinase. A second cell type, A431 cells, in which we were unable to detect an increase in PI-3,4-P2 labeling when stimulated with mEGF or insulin, was also studied. It was found that, as in MA-10 cells, A431 cells also contain an immunoprecipitable PI-3' kinase activity that is increased in response to mEGF or insulin.
No-hole ( r + 1)-distant colorings

Abstract We study a generalization of the no-hole 2-distant colorings introduced by Roberts (1990). Here we want to color the vertices of a graph with consecutive positive integers so that adjacent vertices get colors which differ by more than a fixed positive integer r ⩾1. (When r =1 we get a no-hole 2-distant coloring.) Surprisingly, this concept turns out to be closely related to the Hamiltonian path problem. Besides examining the existence of such generalized colorings, we also seek to find one which uses a relatively small number of consecutive colors. We settle two questions left open in Roberts (1990).
TCT-3 Early results of multicenter, prospective trial of TEVAR for blunt thoracic aortic injury (RESCUE Trial)

Outcome of patients with blunt aortic injury undergoing endovascular repair is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the early outcome of patients undergoing TEVAR for blunt aortic injuries. A prospective, non-randomized, multicenter trial using Medtronic Valiant Captivia was
Cognitive processing of persuasive message cues: A meta‐analytic review of the effects of supporting information on attitudes

This investigation reviews recent theoretical developments on the effects of source and message cues in persuasion. The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Petty and Cacioppo (1981) is analyzed and limitations of the model are identified. Kahneman's (1973) Elastic Capacity Model is offered as a more comprehensive model. Consistent with the Kahneman model, predictions concerning the moderating effect of involvement on the effectiveness of central message and peripheral source cues are offered. A meta‐analytic review of studies of the effects of supporting information on attitudes provided support for these predictions. Specifically, there was a positive linear relationship between the level of message recipient involvement and the effect of central message cues on attitudes. In addition, there was a curvilinear relationship between involvement and the effect of source credibility on attitudes: As involvement increased, the effect of source credibility on attitudes increased up to a point, beyond which further ...