cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the physical attributes of the central and eastern Gulf of Alaska integrated ecosystem research program inshore study sites

Abstract In this analysis, five eastern Gulf of Alaska (eGOA) inshore study sites from the North Pacific Research Board's (NPRB) Gulf of Alaska Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (GOAIERP: http://www.nprb.org/gulf-of-alaska-project ) were characterized using multiple Geographic Information System (GIS) physical measurements including water volume, surface area, and shoreline length. These eGOA sites include three small bays (Islas Bay, Torch Bay and Graves Harbor), a large semi-protected body of water (Salisbury Sound), and a large bay (Whale Bay). These measurements provide quantitative metrics of study sites that may aid in the interpretation of biological differences among the sites. The analysis is similar to a previously published study of five central Gulf of Alaska (cGOA) sites that also included three small bays, an unprotected body of water, and a large bay. In addition, this analysis included new measures of the surface area of lakes within each sites' watershed, and the amount of nearby shallow (
Analysis of N-nitroso compounds encountered in metal-working coolant fluids

The determination of an N-nitroso compound encountered in metal-working coolant fluids has been investigated using differential pulse polarography, gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. The only fluids found to contain an appreciable concentration (>0.5 μg ml−1) of an N-nitroso compound were those which were formulated to contain high concentrations of di- and tri-ethanolamines and sodium nitrite. The N-nitroso compound isolated from these fluids has been investigated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the evidence obtained from this and other studies suggest that the N-nitroso compound present in metal-working fluids which have been allowed to stand for 6–12 months is the mono-nitrite ester of N-nitrosodiethanolamine.
Abstract 10610: Cxcr4 Overexpression Promotes Mitochondrial Function to Protect Against Ischemia-reperfusion-induced Cardiomyocyte Death

Background and Objective: The chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed on native cardiomyocytes and can decrease isolated cardiomyocyte contractility. Here, we examine the role of CXCR4 in cardiomyocyte response to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods and Results: Isolated adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) to simulate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The decrease in CXCR4 expression by 35%, 55% and 77% at 4, 7 and 9 hours after re-oxygenation was associated with dysfunctional energy metabolism indicated by an increased ADP/ATP ratio. To examine a possible nexus, we investigated whether CXCR4 over-expression (OE) can prevent bio-energetic disruption-associated cell death using adenoviral infection of cardiomyocytes with CXCR4 encoding-gene or non-translated nucleotide sequence (Control). Indeed, there was 2.5-fold increase in CXCR4 expression level in cardiomyocytes post CXCR4-adenovirus transduction. Although the same extent of H/R-provoked cytosolic calcium overload (~1.3-fold) was measured (Fig. 1A), the hydrogen-peroxide-induced the decay of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was suppressed in CXCR4 OE group compared with Control group (Fig. 1B). Despite calcium overload, mitochondrial swelling was significantly attenuated in CXCR4 group, implicating that CXCR4 OE prevents permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening (Fig. 1C). Consequently, in the presence of H/R, mitochondrial dysfunction was mitigated (Fig. 1D) and cardiomyocyte death was decreased to 65% in the CXCR4 OE group, compared with the control group. Conclusion: While ATP production and CXCR4 expression in cardiomyocytes are decreased by ischemia-reperfusion injury, CXCR4 OE can alleviate mitochondrial swelling and prevent energy disruption to improve cardiomyocyte survival.
Teachers’ Perspectives on the Learning and Work Environments Under the New Orleans School Reforms:

New Orleans schools experienced drastic reforms after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. To examine teachers’ perspectives on these reforms, we surveyed 323 teachers who taught in New Orleans public schools before 2005 and in 2013–2014. Teachers directly compared the learning and work environments and student and teacher outcomes of their current schools to those of their pre-Katrina schools. Returning teachers perceived significant and generally positive changes in learning environments and student outcomes but mixed positive and negative changes in work environments. Despite improvements in school environments, the net result is that teachers became less satisfied with their jobs. These results show that intensive, sustained school reform can lead to significant changes, but these changes can have negative impacts on teachers.
Workplace Telepressure and Worker Well-Being: The Intervening Role of Psychological Detachment

Workplace telepressure—an employee’s preoccupation and urge to respond quickly to work-related messages via information and communication technologies (ICTs)—may be associated with negative well-being outcomes for workers. The present study expands upon past work on ICT-related stressors and worker well-being with an examination of the presumed role of lower psychological detachment from work in the relationships between workplace telepressure and negative worker outcomes. A three-wave web-based survey with 234 employed adults confirmed between-person associations between workplace telepressure and lower psychological detachment from work, higher levels of exhaustion (physical and cognitive), and more sleep problems. Moreover, results supported the predicted indirect effect of workplace telepressure to physical exhaustion and sleep problems through psychological detachment at the between-person level. Results also showed a negative indirect effect of workplace telepressure through psychological detachment on within-person variation in work engagement, despite the positive bivariate association between workplace telepressure and engagement (absorption). Finally, exploratory analyses suggested that workplace telepressure might be a stronger predictor of exhaustion when ICT connection demands at work are low. We discuss implications for workplace telepressure in terms of both health impairment and motivational processes with respect to work recovery.
A Novel Design of a High Gain Step-Up Converter Using Switched-Capacitors/Switched-Inductors Cells

This paper addresses a two level power switched capacitors boost converter (PSC-boost) for high voltage gain applications. The difficulty to provide a high voltage gain by the conventional boost converter is the main purpose behind this design. The proposed design is an integration of a PSC converter and a conventional boost converter. The PSC switched-capacitors and the conventional boost converter are respectively cascaded as a primary and a secondary side of the proposed converter. Without alerting the secondary side (conventional boost), the conversion ratio can be increased by adding more switched-capacitors cells. The proposed converter similarly acts as a multilevel boost converter (MBC); however, the MBC converter fails at a higher duty cycle. Determining the proposed converter's ability at a higher duty cycle manner shows a subtle difference between the simulated and calculated results. Another implementation to the proposed converter is by inserting a switched inductor model instead of the secondary side's inductor. Five switches, five capacitors, seven diodes and three inductors are needed to build a PSC-boost switched-inductor converter. The PSC-boost converter's parameters are the input voltage, the output voltage, primary side switching frequency and the secondary side switching frequency which are chosen as 12 V, 192 V, 200 KHz and 100 KHz respectively. The MATLAB/SIMULINK and the LTspice simulators were used to determine the proposed model.
Using Calibration to Reduce Measurement Error in Prevalence Estimates Based on Electronic Health Records.

Introduction Increasing adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems by health care providers presents an opportunity for EHR-based population health surveillance. EHR data, however, may be subject to measurement error because of factors such as data entry errors and lack of documentation by physicians. We investigated the use of a calibration model to reduce bias of prevalence estimates from the New York City (NYC) Macroscope, an EHR-based surveillance system. Methods We calibrated 6 health indicators to the 2013-2014 NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES) data: hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, influenza vaccination, and depression. We classified indicators into having low measurement error or high measurement error on the basis of whether the proportion of misclassification (ie, false-negative or false-positive cases) was greater than 15% in 190 reviewed charts. We compared bias (ie, absolute difference between NYC Macroscope estimates and NYC HANES estimates) before and after calibration. Results The health indicators with low measurement error had the same bias after calibration as before calibration (diabetes, 2.5 percentage points; smoking, 2.5 percentage points; obesity, 3.5 percentage points; hypertension, 1.1 percentage points). For indicators with high measurement error, bias decreased from 10.8 to 2.5 percentage points for depression, and from 26.7 to 8.4 percentage points for influenza vaccination. Conclusion The calibration model has the potential to reduce bias of prevalence estimates from EHR-based surveillance systems for indicators with high measurement errors. Further research is warranted to assess the utility of the current calibration model for other EHR data and additional indicators.
5-2-1-0 Kids!, Using Technology to Teach Healthy Habits

5-2-1-0 Kids! Using Technology to Teach Kids Healthy Habits Purpose: 5-2-1-0 Kids! app was designed to make the concept of lifestyle changes “fun”, inspire young children to engage in healthy behaviors, and foster conversation with parents about healthy habits. The app was created by a multi-disciplinary childhood wellness team of pediatric physicians, a nutritionist, a behavior change researcher, and healthcare professionals. The animated games with customizable, personal avatars go beyond just introducing concepts. All the elements of the app are intentionally designed to illustrate how to put …
Online Couple-Based Meditation Intervention for Patients With Primary or Metastatic Brain Tumors and Their Partners: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract Objectives Although patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors and their partners are at risk of experiencing high symptom burden, they are often excluded from psychosocial intervention studies. Thus, we sought to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a couple-based meditation (CBM) program targeting symptom and well-being outcomes. Methods Couples completed baseline measures assessing symptom and well-being outcomes and were randomized to the CBM or a usual care control group. Couples in the CBM groups attended four weekly (60 minutes each) therapist-led sessions that were delivered via FaceTime (Apple Inc, Cupertino, CA). The CBM program focused on cultivating mindfulness, compassion, gratitude and purpose, and integrated emotional disclosure exercises. Both groups were reassessed six and 12 weeks after baseline. Results We approached 60 eligible dyads, of which 37 (62%) consented, 35 (95%) were randomized, and 22 (63%) completed all assessments. Couples in the CBM group attended a mean of 3.33 sessions (SD 1.09). For patients, significant group differences in favor of the CBM group were found for cognitive (d = 1.05) and general disease symptoms (d = 0.93), and relationship well-being (d = 0.68) and compassion (d = 0.96). No significant group differences were revealed for partners. Conclusion It seems to be feasible, acceptable, and possibly efficacious to deliver a dyadic intervention via FaceTime to brain tumor couples. Although both patients and partners in the CBM group rated the intervention as beneficial, significant group differences with medium-to-large effect sizes were only found for patients.
Excitation selectivity in model tin-oxo resist: a computational chemistry perspective

In this preliminary computational chemistry study, we report excitation selectivity in a model tin-oxo molecular resist. Upon impact ionization, organic side chains connected to 6-coordinated tin atoms (located near the charge balancing ligands) are preferentially destabilized. Upon electron addition, conversely, side chains connected to 5-coordinated tin atoms (located on the central belt) are destabilized. Inferring from the binding energies, the ionization induced processes likely have a smaller spatial extent than electron attachment induced process.
Safety Analysis of Five Randomized Controlled Studies of Daratumumab in Patients With Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract Background Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of daratumumab for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) and primary treatment for transplant-eligible and -ineligible patients. Materials and Methods We conducted an integrated safety analysis to characterize the frequency, severity, natural history, and outcomes of adverse events (AEs) with daratumumab versus comparators. Data were pooled from 5 completed phase III randomized controlled studies that had included 1798 daratumumab-treated and 1797 comparator-treated patients with MM as a first line in both transplant-eligible and transplant-ineligible patients and for relapsed/refractory disease. Safety analyses included reporting of AEs using crude and exposure-adjusted incidence rates. Results The median follow-up duration was 16.84 months (range, 7.4-28 months) for both daratumumab-treated and comparator-treated patients. Discontinuation for any reason occurred less often with daratumumab (22% vs. 33.9%), although discontinuation because of AEs occurred at similar rates (25% vs. 26%) as did deaths owing to AEs (2.25% vs. 1.84%). When adjusted for exposure, neutropenia, lymphopenia, diarrhea, fatigue, dyspnea, pneumonia, and hypertension were the only common grade 3/4 AEs reported more often with daratumumab than with the comparators. The prevalence of common grade 3/4 AEs with daratumumab were Conclusions These results from an integrated analysis support a favorable benefit/risk profile of daratumumab in patients with MM.
Return On Investment From Immunization Against 10 Pathogens In 94 Low- And Middle-Income Countries, 2011-30.

Estimating the value of global investment in immunization programs is critical to helping decision makers plan and mobilize immunization programs and allocate resources required to realize their fu...
Factors predicting episodic memory changes in older adults with subjective cognitive decline: A longitudinal observational study.

Abstract Episodic memory is affected early in the neuropathological process of Alzheimer's dementia. This study was performed to identify longitudinal associations between baseline vascular/neuropsychiatric risk factors and episodic memory changes over 4.1 ± 2.4 years in 1,401 older adults with subjective cognitive decline (age 74.0 ± 8.2 years). Data were from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center-Uniform Data Set and linear mixed effects regression models were used. Reference was those without risk factors. Participants with hypercholesterolemia and with former cigarette smoking had higher episodic memory scores, but current smokers had fewer points than reference at their first and follow-up visits. Despite no difference at baseline, episodic memory scores decreased in those with depressive symptoms relative to reference over time. In older adults with subjective cognitive decline, interventions managing current smoking and depressive symptoms could preserve episodic memory, which may result in delaying the onset of Alzheimer's dementia. Further research is required for the role of cholesterol and smoking.
Spin current generation and detection in uniaxial antiferromagnetic insulators

Spin current represents a flow of spin angular momentum and does not require movement of charges. Magnetic insulators can therefore work as a source as well as a medium of spin currents, which has been established in ferrimagnetic insulators. Here, we report recent progress in the generation and electrical detection of spin currents in uniaxial antiferromagnetic insulators carried by antiferromagnetic magnons, both thermally and resonantly excited, respectively, via the spin Seebeck effect and antiferromagnetic spin pumping by subterahertz microwaves. These findings open up many exciting possibilities of potential antiferromagnetic applications.
Psychological Issues in Childhood Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes imposes considerable demands on children and their families. As they are coping with normal developmental challenges, the additional burden of diabetes may be difficult for many children and families to deal with effectively. Especially challenging may be the demands of intensive management. With children as patients, families play a significant role in diabetes management, and are instrumental in the implementation of interventions. The quality of life of all family members is potentially affected by diabetes.
Discussion on "Improving precision and power in randomized trials for COVID-19 treatments using covariate adjustment for binary, ordinal, and time-to-event outcomes".

Benkeser et al. present a very informative paper evaluating the efficiency gains of covariate adjustment in settings with binary, ordinal, and time-to-event outcomes. The adjustment method focuses on estimating the marginal treatment effect averaged over the covariate distribution in both arms combined. The authors show that covariate adjustment can achieve power gains that could find answers more quickly. The suggested approach is an important weapon in the armamentarium against epidemics like COVID-19. I recommend evaluating the procedure against more traditional approaches for conditional analyses (e.g., logistic regression) and against blinded methods of building prediction models followed by randomization-based inference.
Hobbes on Resistance: Defying the Leviathan

Hobbes's political theory has traditionally been taken to be an endorsement of state power and a prescription for unconditional obedience to the sovereign's will. In this book, Susanne Sreedhar develops a novel interpretation of Hobbes's theory of political obligation and explores important cases where Hobbes claims that subjects have a right to disobey and resist state power, even when their lives are not directly threatened. Drawing attention to this broader set of rights, her comprehensive analysis of Hobbes's account of political disobedience reveals a unified and coherent theory of resistance that has previously gone unnoticed and undefended. Her book will appeal to all who are interested in the nature and limits of political authority, the right of self-defense, the right of revolution, and the modern origins of these issues.
Nutritional Aspects of Human Lactation

For many infants, human milk is the sole source of nutrients, including energy, for up to 1 year and may be a major source of calories and protein in the diet for 2 years or more. The success of lactation must be judged ultimately by its adequacy for the growth and health of the breast-fed infant. The physiological and nutritional demands of lactation on the mother are high and may last for considerably longer than those of pregnancy. Thus, the relationship between maternal nutritional status and lactation performance is a public health issue of substantial importance.
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase from human erythrocytes. V. Content and behavior of sulfhydryl groups.

Abstract Evidence has been obtained on the content and essential role of sulfhydryl groups in crystalline human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase. The present report is concerned with the total number of —SH groups of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and their behavior. Sulfhydryl groups of purine nucleoside phosphorylase differ greatly in their reactivity with sulfhydryl reagents, 5,5'-dithiobis(2nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB). One mole (81,000 g) of native purine nucleoside phosphorylase binds with 11 to 12 moles of 14C-labeled PCMB, and there is no increase in number upon denaturation with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). DTNB reacts with four to five —SH groups in the native enzyme, but upon denaturation with SDS 11 to 12 —SH groups reacts with DTNB. The reaction of the first four or five —SH groups of purine nucleoside phosphorylase with PCMB inactivates the enzyme completely, but activity can be restored by addition of an excess of dithiothreitol. However, the reaction of DTNB with four —SH groups causes only a partial loss of activity (60%) which is not reactivated completely by treatment with dithiothreitol. Guanine, hypoxanthine, adenine, inosine, and Formycin B partially protect the —SH groups from the reaction with DTNB whereas ribose 1-phosphate and phosphate are ineffective. However, the guanine does not protect the enzyme from reaction with PCMB. The kinetic behavior is markedly changed by treatment with DTNB either in the presence or absence of guanine. The activation in the presence of high concentrations of inosine reported earlier (Kim, B. K., Cha, S., and Parks, R. E., Jr., J. Biol. Chem., 243, 1771 (1968)) is abolished on treatment with DTNB, and the Km for inosine increases 4- to 5-fold. However, the original kinetic behavior is restored on reactivation of the enzyme with dithiothreitol.
Semantics-Based Program Integration

The need to integrate several versions of a base program into a common one arises frequently, but it is a tedious and time consuming task to integrate programs by hand. To date, the only available tools for assisting with program integration are variants of text-based differential file comparators; these are of limited utility because one has no guarantees about how the program that is the product of an integration behaves compared to the programs that were integrated.
The effect of CO2 enrichment on leaf photosynthetic rates and instantaneous water use efficiency of Andropogon gerardii in the tallgrass prairie

Open-top chambers were used to study the effects of CO2 enrichment on leaf-level photosynthetic rates of the C4 grass Andropogon gerardii in the native tallgrass prairie ecosystem near Manhattan, Kansas. Measurements were made during a year with abundant rainfall (1993) and a year with below-normal rainfall (1994). Treatments included: No chamber, ambient CO2 (A); chamber with ambient CO2 (CA); and chamber with twice-ambient CO2 (CE). Measurements of photosynthesis were made at 2-hour intervals, or at midday, on cloudless days throughout the growing season using an open-flow gas-exchange system. No significant differences in midday rates of photosynthesis or in daily carbon accumulation as a result of CO2 enrichment were found in the year with abundant precipitation. In the dry year, midday rates of photosynthesis were significantly higher in the CE treatment than in the CA or A treatments throughout the season. Estimates of daily carbon accumulation also indicated that CO2 enrichment allowed plants to maximize carbon acquisition on a diurnal basis. The increased carbon accumulation was accounted for by greater rates of photosynthesis in the CE plots during midday. During the wet year, CO2 enrichment decreased stomatal conductance, which allowed plants to decrease transpiration while still photosynthesizing at rates similar to plants in ambient conditions. During the dry year, CO2 enrichment allowed plants to maintain photosynthetic rates even though stomatal conductance and transpiration had been reduced in all treatments due to stress. Estimates of instantaneous water-use efficiency were reduced under CO2 enrichment for both years.
Calcium‐activated and voltage‐gated potassium channels of the pancreatic islet impart distinct and complementary roles during secretagogue induced electrical responses

Glucose-induced β-cell action potential (AP) repolarization is regulated by potassium efflux through voltage gated (Kv) and calcium activated (KCa) potassium channels. Thus, ablation of the primary Kv channel of the β-cell, Kv2.1, causes increased AP duration. However, Kv2.1−/− islet electrical activity still remains sensitive to the potassium channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium. Therefore, we utilized Kv2.1−/− islets to characterize Kv and KCa channels and their respective roles in modulating the β-cell AP. The remaining Kv current present in Kv2.1−/−β-cells is inhibited with 5 μm CP 339818. Inhibition of the remaining Kv current in Kv2.1−/− mouse β-cells increased AP firing frequency by 39.6% but did not significantly enhance glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The modest regulation of islet AP frequency by CP 339818 implicates other K+ channels, possibly KCa channels, in regulating AP repolarization. Blockade of the KCa channel BK with slotoxin increased β-cell AP amplitude by 28.2%, whereas activation of BK channels with isopimaric acid decreased β-cell AP amplitude by 30.6%. Interestingly, the KCa channel SK significantly contributes to Kv2.1−/− mouse islet AP repolarization. Inhibition of SK channels decreased AP firing frequency by 66% and increased AP duration by 67% only when Kv2.1 is ablated or inhibited and enhanced GSIS by 2.7-fold. Human islets also express SK3 channels and their β-cell AP frequency is significantly accelerated by 4.8-fold with apamin. These results uncover important repolarizing roles for both Kv and KCa channels and identify distinct roles for SK channel activity in regulating calcium- versus sodium-dependent AP firing.
Institutional Ownership and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Non-Linear Relation and its Implication for Stock Return Volatility

This study examines the relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and institutional investor ownership, and the impact of this relation on stock return volatility. We find that institutional ownership does not strictly increase or decrease in CSR; rather, institutional ownership is a concave function of CSR. This evidence suggests that institutional investors do not see CSR as strictly value enhancing activities. Institutional investors adjust their percentage of ownership when CSR activities go beyond the perceived optimal level. Employing the path analysis, we also examine the mediating effect of institutional ownership on the relation between CSR and stock return volatility. We find that CSR decreases stock return volatility at a decreasing rate through its effect on institutional ownership. Our results remain robust under several different CSR measures and estimation methods.
Manometric characteristics of cervical dysphagia in a patient with the Kearns-Sayre syndrome

The manometric findings of deglutitive pharyngoesophageal function in a patient with the Kearns-Sayre syndrome and cervical dysphagia are described. These findings indicate that striated muscles of the pharynx, upper esophageal sphincter (UES), and proximal esophagus are involved. Near absence of pharyngeal peristalsis, abnormally low UES resting pressure, and absence of proximal esophageal peristalsis characterize the manometric findings in this patient. It is conceivable that in mild cases, a combination of various degrees of severity of the above findings may exist.
Regional and age-related differences in GAD67 expression of parvalbumin and calbindin expressing neurons in the rhesus macaque auditory midbrain and brainstem

Neurons expressing the calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB) have shown age-related density changes throughout the ascending auditory system of both rodents and macaque monkeys. In the cerebral cortex, neurons expressing these CaBPs express markers of γ-aminobutyric acidergic neurotransmission, such as GAD67, and have well-understood physiological response properties. Recent evidence suggests that, in the rodent auditory brainstem, CaBP-containing cells do not express GAD67. It is unknown whether PV- and CB-containing cells in subcortical auditory structures of macaques similarly do not express GAD67, and a better understanding of the neurotransmission of neurons expressing these proteins is necessary for understanding the age-related changes in their density throughout the macaque auditory system. This was investigated with immunofluorescent double-labeling techniques to coregister PV- and CB-expressing neurons with GAD67 in the superior olivary complex and the inferior colliculus of young and aged rhesus macaques. The proportions of GAD67-expressing PV- and CB-positive neurons were computed with unbiased sampling techniques. Our results indicate that between 42% and 62% of PV- and CB-positive neurons in the auditory brainstem and midbrain express GAD67, which is significantly less than in the cerebrum. In general, fewer PV(+) neurons and more CB(+) neurons expressed GAD67 as a function of age. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory molecular profile of PV- and CB-expressing neurons can change with age in subcortical auditory structures and that these neurons are distinct from the well-described inhibitory interneurons that express these proteins in the cerebral cortex.
Studies of open-loop pointing in the presence of induced motion

In the present research, we examined the influence of induced motion (IM) on open-loop pointing responses and the possibility that IM alters the registration of either eye or trunk position. In two experiments, subjects tracked a dot that oscillated vertically while a rectangular stimulus oscillated horizontally. The pairing of frame and dot motion caused the dot to appear to move on a slant, due to IM. In the first experiment, the subjects made judgments of the apparent slant of the dot’s motion and, on separate trials, pointed open loop at the apparent location of the dot at the endpoints of its motion. Both responses were influenced by IM, although the effect on dot localization was less than the amount predicted by the IM, as indicated by the slant responses. Results were similar immediately following IM and after a 5-sec delay. In the second experiment, the subjects pointed open loop either at the apparent location of the endpoints of the tracked dot’s motion or at the apparent location of one of three other briefly flashed stationary dots. The pointing responses directed toward the fixated IM target were influenced by IM to a greater extent than the responses directed toward the stationary dots. The results of the two experiments are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the effect of IM on open-loop pointing at the IM target results completely from altered perception of either eye or trunk position, since misregistration of either would be expected to influence, in a similar fashion, pointing at both the tracked dot and the briefly flashed, stationary targets.
Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase of cultured mammalian cells.

Protein kinase was partially purified from Chang's liver cells, 3T6 mouse embryo fibroblasts, and HeLa cells. The rate of histone phosphorylation catalyzed by the kinase from each of these cell lines was stimulated two- to three-fold by 1 x 10-6 molar adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. The same concentration of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate failed to stimulate these kinases.
Design of Adsorption Heat Pump for Permanent Lunar Base

The design of an adsorption heat pump for a permanent lunar habitat is described herein. The adsorbent-refrigerant pair is chopped carbon fiber and methanol. The adsorption vessels are shell-and-tube with innovations to enhance conductance. The tubes have both radial internal and annular external fins, with metal wool loosely packed between the annular fins. Shell, tubes, fins, and wool are aluminum alloy. Carbon particles are vibratory compacted to 50% porosity between the annular fins and around the wool. An analytical model is presented for predicting efficiency and validated against a state-of-the-art prototype reported in the literature. The new design is compared with three of the highest efficiency prior designs on the basis of a figure of merit, which roughly correlates to efficiency, and is defined as the number of transfer units for the adsorption vessel's internal heat exchanger multiplied by the ratio of adsorbent to inert thermal mass. The new design has a predicted coefficient of performance for cooling of 1.5, 25% greater than previously reported. Specific cooling power is 355 W ·kg -1 of adsorbent or 141 W ·kg -1 of total mass (carbon, methanol, aluminum, and ethylene glycol heat transfer fluid), requiring106 kg of adsorbent vessels to provide 15 kW of cooling.
Manufacturing and Impact Characterization of Soy-Based Polyurethane Pultruded Composites

Composites have several advantages such as high corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and lower maintenance costs over conventional materials. The major cost drivers for composites are raw materials and manufacturing process. Automated manufacturing processes like pultrusion and low cost raw materials can significantly lower the cost of composites. Polyurethane (PU) resin systems are commonly used in the pultrusion industry as they have higher performance characteristics and manufacturing feasibility when compared to conventional resin systems such as polyester and vinyl ester. Manufacturing cost can be further decreased by the use of bio-based materials such as soy-based resin systems. In the present work, solid pultruded panels have been manufactured using the base PU and two soy-based PU resin systems. Pultruded panels were subjected to low velocity impact testing. Soy-based PU resin systems showed comparable properties to that of the base PU resin system and is a viable alternative to the conventional petroleum-based PU. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1070–1077, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Observational versus experimental studies: what's the evidence for a hierarchy?

The tenets of evidence-based medicine include an emphasis on hierarchies of research design (i.e., study architecture). Often, a single randomized, controlled trial is considered to provide “truth,” whereas results from any observational study are viewed with suspicion. This paper describes information that contradicts and discourages such a rigid approach to evaluating the quality of research design. Unless a more balanced strategy evolves, new claims of methodological authority may be just as problematic as the traditional claims of medical authority that have been criticized by proponents of evidence-based medicine.
Sequencing of imperfect inspection operations subject to constraints on the quality of accepted and rejected units

Abstract Several imperfect inspection operations are available in a discrete production environment. A decision regarding acceptance or rejection of the produced items needs to be made without exceeding specified limits for the probabilities of accepted units being non-conforming and rejected units conforming to quality specifications. A branch and bound approach is used to find the inspection sequence resulting in least expected total inspection cost. Following the heuristic construction of a trial solution, a dominance relationship is applied to search the tree of possible sequences for the optimal sequence. A numerical example is included.
Evidencing Nonstandard Feature Dynamics: “Speak Aloud and Write” Protocols by African American Freshman Composition Students

Via a Speak Aloud and Write protocol methodology, this study investigated the characteristics of the wording formulation process of a select group of 7 African American students in freshman composition who claimed nonstandard features were active at least 30% to 40% of the time while they composed their papers. Control of rhetorical context was established in terms of tone (formal), purpose (to explain or argue), audience (English instructor), and the time-place context (“simultaneously” spoken-written at one sit-ting). Two Speak Aloud and Write transcripts per participant were analyzed for grammatical and “pronunciation-related” nonstandard feature dynamics in reference to consequences on the page, given the requirements of freshman composition. Findings indicate complex dynamics at work in the form of 7 feature dynamic patterns and 19 variations, with particularly marked activity in relation to a consonant cluster reduction feature and to specific verbal nonconcord features. Also, students who shared fe...
Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Response to Maternal Glucose Infusion Before Delivery

An ex post facto study was designed to determine the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia in correlation to maternal glucose infusions. The sample consisted of 62 normal mother-infant pairs. Forty-three percent of term normal newborns studied had Dextrostix values less than 40 mg%. Data revealed that duration of maternal glucose infusion was statistically the most significant parameter in correlation with lowered newborn serum blood glucose. Also, multiple linear regression revealed that all three parameters of maternal intravenous glucose therapy duration, total amount of glucose received, and rate of glucose per hour significantly correlated with lowered newborn Dextrostix.
Melanin in the puparium and adult integument of the fleshfly, Sarcophaga bullata

Abstract The exocuticle of the fully developed cuticle of adults of Sarcophaga bullata is resistant to acid hydrolysis. The properties of a black pigment extracted from this layer are similar to those of pigment extracted from puparia of the same fly and of synthetic melanin. The pigment also resembles melanin from other sources; like them it contains indole rings. Tyrosine- 14 C is specifically incorporated into the acid-resistant exocuticle of the adult fly during the hardening and darkening period. It is suggested that hardening and darkening of the cuticles examined is due in part at least to the formation of ‘indole’-melanin derived from tyrosine.
USE OF P-31 NMR IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF A FAMILIAL CARDIOMYOPATHY

An 8 mo old female with a familial congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiomegaly showed a chronic hyperchloremic acidosis, nonketotic fasting hypoglycemia, normal ketogenesis from medium chain triglycerides, but evidence of an abnormal redox state. Serum and muscle carnitine content were low normal, 5 mo carnitine therapy had failed to halt disease progression. Muscle carnitine transferase activity was elevated. To determine 1) if in vivo P-31 NMR spectroscopy could detect a metabolic abnormality in human myocardium, and 2) if P-31 NMR could be used to evaluate therapy designed to improve myocardial energy production, measurements were made using a TMR-32 Oxford Research Systems magnet (30 cm bore, 1.9 Tesla) with a 5 cm surface coil positioned over the sternum. This demonstrated an abnormally low phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate ratio (PCr/Pi) compared to control (1.0±0.05 vs 2.0±0.3, R<0.01) . PCr/Pi remained low in the fasting state with or without administered MCT oil, but improved substantially following I.V. glucose or a carbohydrate enriched meal (PCr/Pi = 1.8±0.1, not different from control). We conclude that P-31 NMR can be used to evaluate the high energy phosphate profile of the human heart. Furthermore, when used in conjunction with dietary manipulations, it can be used to optimize therapeutic interventions, as shown in redox manipulations in another female who had skeletal muscle cytochrome-b deficiency. (Biophys. Jour., Feb. 1984 abstract)
Milk, Milk Products, and Dental Health

DISCUSSION Among the many benefits of consumption of milk and milk products are the teeth and bone building and strengthening characteristics of certain of the nutrients. Calcium is commonly associated with strong teeth and bones. The role of fluoride in dental health is somewhat confusing. In 1803, Morichini (18) reported that fluoride was present in the bony substance of fossil teeth enamel. In 1805, Gay-Lussac and Berthollet (7) discovered fluoride in the enamel of teeth when they made the earliest observations on the presence of fluoride in normal biological materials. Murray (19) included the fact, brought out by a 1969 World Health Organization report, that water fluoridation programs were underway in more than 30 countries and territories involving over 120 million people. He also indicated that fluoride ions were naturally present in all water supplies even though in extremely small concentrations in some waters. In 1892, Crichton-Browne (3) reported to the British Dental Association that dental caries were increasing in England. He stated: Analysis has proven that the enamel of teeth contains more fluorine, in the form of calcium fluoride, than any other part of the body, and fluorine might, indeed, be regarded as the characteristic chemical constituent in this structure, the hardest of all animal tissue and containing 95.5% of salts, against 72% in the dentin. As this is so, it is clear that a supply of fluorine, while the development of teeth is proceeding, is essential to the proper formation of the enamel and that any deficiency in this respect must result in thin and inferior enamel. Poulsen and Moiler (21) reported that a systemic supply of fluoride by water or tablets exerts part of its preventive effect against caries by direct contact of fluoride with the tooth surface before swallowing. World Health Organization investigators (31) agreed that the
Bacterial characterization of toilet bowl biofilm

Methods have been developed and applied for sampling, characterizing and quantifying naturally occurring toilet bowl biofilms. Ceramic porcelain disks mounted in neoprene rubber strips were sealed in place in toilet bowls in three residences in Bozeman, Montana. In each bowl, duplicate strips were placed above, at and below the water level. In 7 consecutive weeks, duplicate disks from each zone in each bowl were removed. Surface biofouling was measured by viable cell areal density. Specific fouling rates were calculated and variability among toilet bowls and water levels was assessed. Specific fouling rates ranged from 0.0 to 0.46d‐1. Average areal cell densities at the end of 7 weeks ranged from 103 to 107cfu cm‐2. The extent of fouling was highest below the water line. Neutralization of the chlorine residual (typically 0.9 mg l‐1) in one toilet did not increase the extent of fouling compared to the controls. Biofilm areal viable cell densities and bowl water viable counts were positively correlated (r =...
The Contributions of Weight Loss and Increased Physical Fitness to Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life

The relative contribution of obesity versus poor fitness to adverse health outcomes and diminished quality of life remains an area of controversy. Indeed, some researchers contend that poor cardiorespiratory fitness represents a greater threat to health and health-related quality of life than excess body weight. We addressed this issue by providing 298 obese 50-75 year-old women with a six-month lifestyle intervention that incorporated a low-calorie eating pattern coupled with an aerobic exercise program consisting of 30 min/day of brisk walking. The results showed that weight loss exhibited a significant individual contribution to improvements in seven of the nine domains of quality of life assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36). With the exception of physical functioning, however, physical fitness did not significantly contribute to improvements beyond the effects weight loss. Moreover, weight loss functioned as a full mediator of the association between increases in physical fitness and improvements in general health, vitality, and change in health relative to the previous year. Collectively, these findings suggest that for treatment-seeking obese individuals, weight loss rather than increased fitness contributes significantly to improvements in health-related quality of life.
Placement algorithms for hierarchical cooperative caching

Consider a hierarchical network in which each node periodically issues a request for an object drawn from a fixed set of unit-size objects. Suppose further that the following conditions are satisfied: the frequency with which each node accesses each object is known; each node has a cache of known capacity; any cache can be accessed by any node; and any request is satisfied by the closest node with a copy of the desired object, at a cost proportional to the distance between the accessing node and the closest copy. In such an environment, it is desirable to fill the available cache space with copies of objects in such a way that the average access cost is minimized. We provide both exact and approximate polynomial-time algorithms for this hierarchical placement problem. Our exact algorithm is based on a reduction to min-cost flow, and does not appear to be practical for large problem sizes. Thus we are motivated to search for a faster approximation algorithm. Our main result is a simple constant-factor approximation algorithm for the hierarchical placement problem that admits an efficient distributed implementation.
A rapid fluorometric method for the determination of histamine in canned tuna.

A quick, accurate method for the determination of histamine in tuna rish has been developed. Histamine is recovered from fish extracts by ion exchange chromatography, derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde and measured by the intensity of the resulting fluorophore. From filtered crude extracts, 12 samples can be determined per man hour including reconditioning of the ion exchange columns. Recoveries of histamine added at levels of 5 and 30 mg/100g to extracts from acceptable quality fish ranged from 98–103%. Recoveries of 94–101% were demonstrated for histamine added at levels of 30 and 100 mg/100g to extracts of decomposed fish. Multiple analyses agree within 0.5 mg at a level of 100 mg/100g and within 5.0 mg at a level of 100 mg%. The method is at least as accurate as the official AOAC calorimetric procedure and less prone to error by virtue of its simplicity.
Sectioning and staining whole heads of small animals.

Serial sections showing minimal disruption in delicate structures of the heads of adult small vertebrates were produced with regularity when the heads were: (1) fixed in Bouin's picro-formol; (2) decalcified electrolytically to a radiographically-determined end point; (3) dehydrated in alcohols to 95%; (4) cleared in iso-amyl acetate; (5) infiltrated with concentrations (to 40%) of low viscosity nitrocellulose in iso-amyl acetate; (6) embedded in the same material by hardening it with chloroform; and (7) soaked in a mixture of 95% ethyl alcohol and glycerol (3:1) prior to sectioning on a sliding microtome. Following affixation to slides, the nitrocellulose matrix was dissolved from the sections and they were hydrated. Thin sections stained well with a standard Mallory technique. Thick sections were treated with the same stain, but good results depended upon empirical determination of times to be used in the procedure, and the introduction of water and 95% alcohol extraction-differentiation steps for red-s...