cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rovibrational analysis of the v15 band in the HCN---HF hydrogen bonded cluster

Abstract The observation and assignment of rotational structure in the v 1 5 fundamental, the HCN intramolecular bending vibration, of the HCN---HF hydrogen bonded complex is reported, and the rotational constants have been derived. All intramolecular vibrations in this dimer have now been studied, and the frequency shifts of these vibrations upon complex formation have been obtained. The results are compared with the predictions of ab initio molecular orbital calculations.
Software for the Analysis of Emission Line Nebulae

A set of software tools has been developed for the IRAF/STSDAS environment to derive the physical conditions in a low-density (nebular) gas given appropriate diagnostic emission line ratios; and lien emissivities given appropriate emission line fluxes, the electron temperature (Te) and density (Ne). The package is based on the five-level program developed by De Robertis, Dufour and Hunt (1987), but it includes diagnostics from a greater set of ions and emission lines, most particularly those in the satellite ultraviolet that are now observable. Two fo the applications make use of a 3-zone nebular model to derive Te and N3 simultaneously in separate zones of low-, and intermediate-, and high-ionization. These applications are useful for calculating nebular densities and temperatures directly from the traditional diagnostic line ratios, either to provide some reasonable input parameters for a more complicated physical model, or to calculate ionic abundances (or other quantities) within some simplifying assumptions. Examples of the utility of these diagnostics for real nebulae are presented.
Nitrogen Metabolism in Sickle Cell Anemia: Free Amino Acids in Plasma and Urine

Twenty-four hour urinary levels and fasting plasma concentrations of free amino acids (AA) were evaluated in adult sickle cell anemia (HbSS) and age-matched HbAA subjects with comparable daily energy (E) and protein (N) intake. HbSS elicited significant reduction in the sum of plasma indispensable (EAA) with no change in the dispensable (NAA) amino acids, resulting in a prominent (P less than 0.01) reduction in the EAA/NAA ratio from 71% to 55%. Arg (-38%), Leu (-32%), Val (-28%) and His (-32%) were among the AA most severely affected. Despite a twofold increase in 24-hour urine volume in HbSS compared with HbAA subjects, total urinary losses of EAA and NAA were markedly reduced in the former group, with Arg (-53%) and Gly (-56%) levels most prominently affected. Compared with HbAA controls, HbSS subjects showed a three-fourfold increase in 24-hour urinary orotate excretion that had no relationship to amount of N intake. The results indicated that adult subjects with HbSS, who consumed adequate N and E as per the RDA for healthy individuals, behaved like normal HbAA controls on a low protein diet. There was evidence that the HbSS subject might be in a precarious state with respect to sufficiency of several amino acids, particularly L-Arg, which is now classified as conditionally indispensable for the human.
Towards a Spirituality of Aging and Old Age

The process of aging is itself a religious activity. Bccause mature old age is, according to Erikson, characterized by "care" and "wisdonl," authentically "human" aging leads to societal growth and improvement. Institutional religion can assist the aging in becoming conscious not only of the aging process but also of spirituality of aging, i.e., self worth and achievement of the "best" way of living. This spirituality must show that onc's real self is unbounded, give models for the unboundedness, and lcnd support for the aging process by means such as ritual and celebration, means that valuc the aging process as such.
Triadic directives in Navajo language socialization

This article argues that certain aspects of language use may be more resistant to change than is language code. In communities undergoing language shift, researchers have noted ways in which indigenous patterns of interaction may be retained after the language used has shifted to English. It is argued that aspects of a speech community's interaction that are most tacit are also the most resistant to change, and are maintained through mundane routines and forms of everyday interaction. Such contexts for language use typically are the focus in studies of language socialization, which bring the theoretical perspectives of both practice theory and Bakhtinian dialogicality to bear on the question of how interactional and linguistic routines are maintained and transmitted across generations. Analysis here focuses on one particular interactional routine: the giving of directives involving a triadic participation structure, between caregivers and children in a Navajo community.
Optimum inorganic ion concentrations for hematopoiesis cultures.

Current limitations in the ability to culture hematopoietic cells may be due to the use of ion concentrations that reflect those in the general circulation rather than those expected at hematopoietic sites. Expected changes in calcium, phosphate and hydroxyl ion are calculated indirectly using published data. Results indicate doubling of normal concentrations for the first week, followed by 2 weeks of smaller elevations as the osteon undergoes resorption and replacement. The period of 3 weeks fits the expected time of the three stages of differentiation and proliferation of erythrocytes to the maturation phase. Mimicking the high concentrations of these ions in vitro may require the development of dynamic flow cultures because of problems with precipitation of calcium phosphate crystals. After 3 weeks 10% less than normal concentrations is expected as the bone mineral is replaced over a period of months, allowing a static system for maturation.
A Randomized Trial of Computer-based Reminders and Audit and Feedback to Improve HIV Screening in a Primary Care Setting

Despite recommendations for voluntary HIV screening, few medical centres have implemented screening programmes. The objective of the study was to determine whether an intervention with computer-based reminders and feedback would increase screening for HIV in a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health-care system. The design of the study was a randomized controlled trial at five primary care clinics at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System. All primary care providers were eligible to participate in the study. The study intervention was computer-based reminders to either assess HIV risk behaviours or to offer HIV testing; feedback on adherence to reminders was provided. The main outcome measure was the difference in HIV testing rates between intervention and control group providers. The control group providers tested 1.0% (n = 67) and 1.4% (n = 106) of patients in the preintervention and intervention period, respectively; intervention providers tested 1.8% (n = 98) and 1.9% (n = 114), respectively (P = 0.75...
Implementation of a High Throughput 3GPP Turbo Decoder on GPU

Turbo code is a computationally intensive channel code that is widely used in current and upcoming wireless standards. General-purpose graphics processor unit (GPGPU) is a programmable commodity processor that achieves high performance computation power by using many simple cores. In this paper, we present a 3GPP LTE compliant Turbo decoder accelerator that takes advantage of the processing power of GPU to offer fast Turbo decoding throughput. Several techniques are used to improve the performance of the decoder. To fully utilize the computational resources on GPU, our decoder can decode multiple codewords simultaneously, divide the workload for a single codeword across multiple cores, and pack multiple codewords to fit the single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instruction width. In addition, we use shared memory judiciously to enable hundreds of concurrent multiple threads while keeping frequently used data local to keep memory access fast. To improve efficiency of the decoder in the high SNR regime, we also present a low complexity early termination scheme based on average extrinsic LLR statistics. Finally, we examine how different workload partitioning choices affect the error correction performance and the decoder throughput.
Identification of five sites of acetylation in alfalfa histone H4.

Radioactive acetylation in vivo of plant histone H4 of alfalfa, Arabidopsis, tobacco, and carrot revealed five distinct forms of radioactive, acetylated histone. In histone H4 of eukaryotes ranging from fungi to man, acetylation is restricted to four lysines (residues 5, 8, 12, and 16) possibly caused by a quantitative methylation of lysine-20. Chemical and proteolytic fragmentation of the amino terminally blocked alfalfa H4 protein, dynamically acetylated by radioactive acetate in vivo, allowed protein sequencing and identification of selected peptides. Peptide identification was facilitated by analyzing fully characterized calf histone H4 in parallel. Acetylation in vivo of alfalfa histone H4 was restricted to the lysines in the amino-terminal domain of the protein, residues 1-23. Lysine-20 was shown to be free of methylation, as in pea histone H4. This apparently makes lysine-20 accessible as a novel target for histone acetylation. The in vivo pattern of lysine acetylation (16 > 12 > 8 2 5 = 20) revealed a preference for lysines-16 and - 12 without an apparent strict sequential specificity of acetylation.
Knowledge representation of rules: a note

SUMMARY This paper examines knowledge acquisition and representation of ‘if–then’ rules and the linkage between the two. It provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between using different knowledge representations that are logically equivalent. A priori, logically equivalent forms would be expected to result in gathering the same knowledge. However, this paper does not substantiate that conclusion. Instead, different logically equivalent representations used for knowledge elicitation can result in different orderings of the probability of events. As a result, elicitation and representation must be tightly linked. In addition, this paper finds that groups of non-professionals can generate better orderings than individual professionals and non-professionals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cry1Ab protein levels in phytophagous insects feeding on transgenic corn: implications for secondary exposure risk assessment

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and bioassays were used to estimate levels of Cry1Ab protein in four species of phytophagous insects after feeding on transgenic Bt-corn plants expressing Cry1Ab protein or artificial diets containing Cry1Ab protein. The level of Cry1Ab in insects feeding on sources containing the Cry1Ab protein was uniformly low but varied with insect species as well as food source. For the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis(Fitch), feeding on diet solutions containing Cry1Ab protein, the level of the protein in the aphid was 250‐500 times less than the original levels in the diet, whereas no Cry1Ab was detected by ELISA in aphids feeding on transgenic Bt-Corn plants. For the lepidopteran insects, Ostrinia nubilalis(Hubner), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Agrotis ipsilon(Hufnagel), levels of Cry1Ab in larvae varied significantly with feeding treatment. When feeding for 24 h on artificial diets containing 20 and 100 ppm of Cry1Ab, the level of Cry1Ab in the larvae was about 57 and 142 times lower, respectively, than the original protein level in the diet for O. nubilalis ,2 0 and 34 times lower for H. zea, and 10 to 14 times lower for A. ipsilon. Diet incorporation bioassays with a susceptible insect (first instar O. nubilalis) showed significant Cry1Ab bioactivity present within whole body tissues of R. maidis and O. nubilalis that had fed on diet containing a minimum of 20 ppm or higher concentrations (100 or 200 ppm) of Cry1Ab, but no significant bioactivity within the tissues of these insects after feeding on transgenic Bt-corn plants. The relevance of these findings to secondary exposure risk assessment for transgenic Bt crops is discussed.
The Role of Environment in a Configurational Theory of Organizations

This paper refines existing conceptualizations of organizational task environments by distinguishing among environmental complexity, diversity, instability, uncertainty, dependence, and hostility. Based on these concepts, a typology is presented that suggests that certain combinations of environmental dimensions are important for classifying organizations. Further, the various combinations of environmental dimensions are used to specify a configurational theory of organizations by suggesting interaction effects between the various environmental dimensions and internal organizational design. Based on the typology of environmental dimensions and three premises, twelve propositions are derived for empirical testing. The existing literature relevant to some of the propositions is reviewed, the strengths and limitations of the theory are presented, and some implications for organizational research are discussed, particularly in terms of constructing more comprehensive theories of organizations.
StackTrack: an automated transactional approach to concurrent memory reclamation

Dynamic memory reclamation is arguably the biggest open problem in concurrent data structure design: all known solutions induce high overhead, or must be customized to the specific data structure by the programmer, or both. This paper presents StackTrack, the first concurrent memory reclamation scheme that can be applied automatically by a compiler, while maintaining efficiency. StackTrack eliminates most of the expensive bookkeeping required for memory reclamation by leveraging the power of hardware transactional memory (HTM) in a new way: it tracks thread variables dynamically, and in an atomic fashion. This effectively makes all memory references visible without having threads pay the overhead of writing out this information. Our empirical results show that this new approach matches or outperforms prior, non-automated, techniques.
Robust multiresolution techniques for image reconstruction

The reconstruction of images from projections, diffraction fields, or other similar measurements requires applying signal processing techniques within a physical context. Although modeling of the acquisition procedure can conveniently be carried out in the continuous domain, actual reconstruction from experimental measurements requires the derivation of discrete algorithms that are accurate, efficient, and robust. In recent years, wavelets and multiresolution approaches have been applied successfully for common image processing tasks bridging the gap between discrete and continuous representations. We show that it is possible to express many physical problems in a wavelet framework, thereby allowing the derivation of efficient algorithms that take advantage of wavelet properties, such as multiresolution structure, sparsity, and space-frequency decompositions. We review several examples of such algorithms with applications to X-ray tomography, digital holography, and confocal microscopy and discuss possible future extensions to other modalities.
Association of hepatic iron overload with invasive fungal infection in liver transplant recipients

Invasive fungal infection is a serious complication of orthotopic liver transplantation, but its risk factors remain incompletely defined. Iron overload has already been associated with increased risk of fungal infections, but it has not yet been assessed as a risk factor in liver transplantation. We retrospectively studied a cohort of 153 consecutive patients who underwent their first liver transplantation at a single center and who survived at least 7 days after transplantation. The association between various pretransplant patient characteristics, including hepatic explant iron and risk of invasive fungal infections, was analyzed by univariate and multivariate models. Iron in the hepatic explant was assessed by Perl's Prussian blue stain by a pathologist blinded to clinical outcome. During the first year after transplantation, 28 of 153 patients developed a total of 31 invasive fungal infections, of which 21 (68%) were caused by Candida, 7 (23%) by Aspergillus, 2 (6%) by Cryptococcus, and 1 (3%) by Saccharomyces. Stainable iron in the hepatic explant was found in 48 patients (31%). Stainable iron in the hepatic explant was found to be strongly and independently associated with posttransplantation fungal infections in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 3.09; 95% confidence interval 1.45-6.56; P = 0.003). Hepatic iron overload is strongly and independently associated with posttransplantation invasive fungal infections. Studies to confirm this finding in other centers and define the mechanism are warranted.
NATAL AND BREEDING PHILOPATRY IN A BLACK BRANT, BRANTA BERNICLA NIGRICANS, METAPOPULATION

We estimated natal and breeding philopatry and dispersal probabilities for a metapopulation of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) based on observations of marked birds at six breeding colonies in Alaska, 1986–1994. Both adult females and males exhibited high (>0.90) probability of philopatry to breeding colonies. Probability of natal philopatry was significantly higher for females than males. Natal dispersal of males was recorded between every pair of colonies, whereas natal dispersal of females was observed between only half of the colony pairs. We suggest that female-biased philopatry was the result of timing of pair formation and characteristics of the mating system of brant, rather than factors related to inbreeding avoidance or optimal discrepancy. Probability of natal philopatry of females increased with age but declined with year of banding. Age-related increase in natal philopatry was positively related to higher breeding probability of older females. Declines in natal philopatry with year of banding corresponded negatively to a period of increasing population density; therefore, local population density may influence the probability of nonbreeding and gene flow among colonies.
VidWiki: enabling the crowd to improve the legibility of online educational videos

Videos are becoming an increasingly popular medium for communicating information, especially for online education. Recent efforts by organizations like Coursera, edX, Udacity and Khan Academy have produced thousands of educational videos with hundreds of millions of views in their attempt to make high quality teaching available to the masses. As a medium, videos are time-consuming to produce and cannot be easily modified after release. As a result, errors or problems with legibility are common. While text-based information platforms like Wikipedia have benefitted enormously from crowdsourced contributions for the creation and improvement of content, the various limitations of video hinder the collaborative editing and improvement of educational videos. To address this issue, we present VidWiki, an online platform that enables students to iteratively improve the presentation quality and content of educational videos. Through the platform, users can improve the legibility of handwriting, correct errors, or translate text in videos by overlaying typeset content such as text, shapes, equations, or images. We conducted a small user study in which 13 novice users annotated and revised Khan Academy videos. Our results suggest that with only a small investment of time on the part of viewers, it may be possible to make meaningful improvements in online educational videos.
Barriers to treatment engagement for depression among Latinas

In spite of successful treatment options for depression, the majority of Americans with severe depression do not receive treatment. Latinos are even less likely to engage in treatment than non-Hispanic Whites. The purpose of this study is to explore barriers to treatment engagement and, more specifically, how childhood adversity and gender-based violence (GBV) contribute to a lack of perceived support for treatment engagement. Experiences of GBV and childhood adversity can call into question deeply held family, cultural, and religious values, and affect the perceived quality of the therapeutic relationship and attitudes about depression treatment. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used to understand the experiences of a sample of 12 Latinas who were part of a diabetes prevention study (n = 67) and had been referred for treatment because of elevated symptoms of depression. Results indicate that the often-cited barriers to mental health care (i.e., language barriers, economic considerations, and lack of illness recognition) did not serve as deterrents for Latinas in this study. Participants recognized that they were depressed and agreed with the assessment of depression. However, none of the women followed up on the recommendation to seek care. What has emerged from this study is how cultural values, such as familismo and marianismo, and the lack of responsiveness from family and religious leaders in the context of exposure to GBV and childhood adversity created significant barriers to treatment engagement. This study highlights the need for nurses to screen for these exposures and to engage in shared decision making about treatment.
Optically triggered pseudospark switches with metal photocathodes

Pseudospark switches have been successfully employed in a variety of pulsed power applications including high power electron beam sources, high power microwaves, and transient plasma ignition for pulsed detonation engines [1–3]. Investigation of magnesium, copper and molybdenum photocathode candidates for optically triggered pseudospark switches, also called back-lighted thyratrons (BLTs), has shown that magnesium has a higher quantum efficiency (up to 1.5×10−5) under BLT-relevant pressure conditions, compared to copper or molybdenum [4]. Magnesium, copper and molybdenum-based BLT cathodes were experimentally studied. A compact UV laser with an intensity of 3 mJ, and optical power density of 8.5×106 W/cm2 per pulse was used as the optical triggering source for these studies. It was demonstrated that both the delay and the jitter of the switch were shortened more than an order of magnitude when the Mg foil was present at the cathode. The electron emission mechanisms contributing to this improvement in delay and jitter for the BLT system are discussed.
Benefits of public land usage: an analysis of outdoor recreationists

Benefits-based management (BBM) is a prominent framework for managing outdoor recreation on public lands. BBM provides public land managers a framework to both identify and facilitate established recreation benefits for visitors to their lands. Despite its wide adoption among public land agencies, BBM has been criticized for being too complex and difficult to implement because of its broad theoretical construction and all-inclusive definition of benefits. To overcome these problems – using a national (the USA) sample – we identify: (1) the benefits that are most salient among outdoor recreationists and (2) six distinct groupings of public lands outdoor recreationists united by their desired benefits, relevant behaviors, values, and demographics. These findings open BBM to a more general application and understanding of outdoor recreationists.
Optimization of site occupancies in minerals using quadratic programming

Atomic sites with multiple substituents are common in minerals, and correct site assignment of substituents in structure refinement is of fundamental importance. Substituents must be assigned to particular sites to fit the observed site scattering and chemical analysis, but the assignments are rarely made with mathematical rigor. We propose a quadratic programming approach to calculating optimal site assignments, thereby providing crystallographers with a mathematically robust starting point for the determination of site occupancies. Our program, O CCQP, implements this approach within the widely used MATLAB programming environment. User-defined weights may be assigned to the structural formula, site scattering, and bond-valence sums. The program is useful for evaluation of site occupancies in newly refined structures and re-evaluation of previously published structures with ad hoc site assignments. For larger problems, mineralogists incorporate additional information (e.g., spectroscopic analyses) and adjust site occupancies in an attempt to mimic observed bond lengths, sitescattering values, and quantitative chemical data. Rarely, however, are these adjustments made with mathematical rigor. They invariably incorporate simplifying assumptions based on crystal-chemical reasoning. Examples of such simplifications include substituting only species of like-valence at a site, assuming certain species cannot even be considered at a site, assuming only two species may occupy a site, and assuming certain sites are fully occupied. We present a model for optimizing the occupancies of multiply occupied sites of crystals. The approach is based on crystal-structure data and chemical analyses of the compound, without making prior assumptions. Furthermore, this method provides a flexible means of evaluating the trade-off inherent in assigning occupancies on the basis of a single criterion, such as satisfying the observed structural formula exactly. Multiple criteria may be used and their relative importance adjusted interactively. The optimized occupancies obtained by this method provide a rigorous starting point for evaluation by crystallographers; the optimization yields excellent results from minimal assumptions.
O-030 Perioperative complications with the Pipeline Embolisation Device: Predictive value of the P2Y12 Test

Background and Purpose Dual anti-platelet therapy is necessary prior to treatment with the Pipeline Embolisation Device (PED). Although not fully accepted, routine monitoring of antiplatelet medications has been recently emphasised. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the P2Y12 test was predictive of perioperative complications with the PED and to identify an optimal pre-procedure value range. Methods Sixty-seven patients treated with the PED at our institution were included for analysis. Patients received 81 mg of aspirin and 75mg of clopidogrel for 5–10 days prior to the procedure. P2Y12 receptor inhibition was assessed with the VerifyNow test (Accumetrics, San Diego, California). Results All patients were on dual antiplatelet therapy and were tested on the day of the procedure. Mean aneurysm size was 10.4 mm, and mean number of PEDs was 1.4 per patient. Two patients were clopidogrel non responders and were switched to prasugrel before the procedure. The mean of the P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) was 148 ± 83 and the mean of the percentage inhibition was 51 ± 26. Perioperative complications (including clinically silent events) occurred in 11 (16.4%) patients (2 hemorrhagic and 9 ischaemic events). No patient had post-treatment aneurysm rupture and no PED thrombosed within 120 days. Patients with a percentage inhibition of ≤70 had a complication rate of 23% versus 0% in those with a percentage inhibition >70 (p=0.1). The complication rate tended to be lower in patients with PRU Conclusion A percentage inhibition of ≤70 and a PRU ≥90 tended to be associated with perioperative complications. Both parameters appear to be important for monitoring platelet function. Our results suggest that neurointerventionalists should target a percentage inhibition >70 for PED procedures. Further study is needed to determine the percentage inhibition above which the risk of hemorrhagic complications is increased. Disclosures N. Chalouhi: None. S. Ho: None. P. Jabbour: None. R. Starke: None. S. Tjoumakaris: None. A. Dumont: None. R. Rosenwasser: None. L. Gonzalez: None.
Structural Change of Raw Coke by Grinding

Structure of ground raw coke was investigated by means of Fourier transformation of the 002 reflection band and Diamond method.In the grinding with a mortar, the stacking numbers of the aromatic layers decreased with grinding time, although the size of layers did not decreased.On the other hand, little change in structure was observed in the case of jet-milling.Repetitions of shear stress applying the raw coke grains seem to induce slips of the aromatic layers, accompanying the breaks of chemical bonds surrounding the layers.
DREXEL'S E4 PROJECT : AN ENHANCED EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN ENGINEERING

After one and one-half years of the E4 experiment, it is clear that Drexel has dramatically improved the retention of students in engineering, improved the students’ performance in science and engineering course content, and given them a better sense of what engineers are and do. Further, they seem to be having fun.
Dynamic Query Interface for 3D Shape Search

Our 3D Engineering Shape Search System (3DESS), which uses the skeletal graph as one of its shape features to represent objects, has revealed the potential of graph-based representation for searching 3D models. In this paper, a dynamic user interface, which allows a user to customize the query by reusing the existing skeletal graph, shows another merit of the skeletal graph representation. This innovative user interface serves two purposes: (i) an iconic object for sketching and visualizing the skeletal abstraction, which is a 3D geometric representation of the skeletal graph, and (ii) a dynamic query interface which enables the user to customize the skeletal abstraction of the retrieved model as a new query. In order to more closely represent the original model and more precisely evaluate the shape similarity during the search process, a method of refining the preliminary skeletal graph is presented and implemented. This process elaborates the skeletal abstraction to be closer to the shape of the model. Thus, the skeletal graph contains both the essential topology and the geometry information of the original model. The results show that the retrieved skeletal abstraction matches the skeleton of the original model effectively, and the search retrieval based on the customized skeletal graph is sensitive to the user’s intention.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The help, unscripted: constructing the black revolutionary domestic in Afro-Brazilian media

AbstractThis essay examines the representations of domestic workers in two sites of Afro-Brazilian media production, Race Magazine (Revista Raca) and the Dandaras radio program. Both the magazine and the radio show are made exclusively to represent black culture, social issues, and histories. In examining their coverage of Afro-Brazilian domestic workers, I argue that both vehicles create images of black revolutionary domestics by employing representational strategies to endow domestic workers with interiority and convey their subjectivity outside of the labels and assumptions of mainstream public culture, which positions black domestic workers as protagonists and agents of their own lives.
The meaning of vaguely quantified frequency response options on a quality of life scale depends on respondents' medical status and age.

Self-report items in quality of life (QoL) scales commonly use vague quantifiers like “sometimes” or “often” to measure the frequency of health-related experiences. This study examined whether the meaning of such vaguely quantified response options differs depending on people’s medical status and age, which may undermine the validity of QoL group comparisons. Respondents (n = 600) rated the frequency of positive and negative QoL experiences using vague quantifiers (never, rarely, sometimes, often, always) and provided open-ended numeric frequency counts for the same items. Negative binomial regression analyses examined whether the numeric frequencies associated with each vague quantifier differed between medical status (no vs. one or more medical conditions) and age (18–40 vs. 60+ years) groups. Compared to respondents without a chronic condition, those with a medical condition assigned a higher numeric frequency to the same vague quantifiers for negative QoL experiences; this effect was not evident for positive QoL experiences. Older respondents’ numeric frequencies were more extreme (i.e., lower at the low end and somewhat higher at the high end of the response range) than those of younger respondents. After adjusting for these effects, differences in QoL became somewhat more pronounced between medical status groups, but not between age groups. The results suggest that people with different medical backgrounds and age do not interpret vague frequency quantifiers on a QoL scale in the same way. Open-ended numeric frequency reports may be useful to detect and potentially correct for differences in the meaning of vague quantifiers.
Excellent capacitive deionization performance of meso-carbon microbeads

Capacitive deionization (CDI), which is based on the formation of electric double layers on the surface of electrode materials at low power supply, is one of the most promising technologies for efficient ion removal from brackish water or seawater. In this paper, meso-carbon microbeads (MCMB), which have an ultrahigh surface area and rich functional groups, exhibited excellent double layer performance with specific capacity of 300 F g−1. In a batch-mode configuration, symmetrical MCMB electrodes reached the maximum electrosorption capacity of 17.7 mg g−1 at 1.5 V in 25 ml of 5 mM NaCl aqueous solution. Furthermore, the electrosorption capacity of MCMB is two times larger than that of commercially used activated carbon.
Discussion on the Spinning Process of Carbon Black/High Density Polyethylene Blend Conductive Fibers

Using high density polyethylene as matrix and carbon black as conductive medium, the electric conductive master batch was prepared. The carbon black/high density polyethylene blend conductive fiber was prepared with melt spinning method. The effects of the content and diameter of carbon black on spinnability were investigated. It was found that the better conductivity and spinnability were achieved when the content of carbon blank was 5 % and the diameter was 40～50 nm. After many attempts at spinning, the proper spinning technology was set up.
Analysis of rate of network report on data of plague surveillance in Ningxia

Objective To understand progress of network report on plague in 7 cities/counties(districts) of Ningxia, and provide basis for further improving quality of network report on plague prevention and control. Methods Statistical data of surveillance projects from the network system were compared with yearly data reported from cities/counties(districts),and rate of network report was calculated. Results The rate of network report was low for animal epidemic data in 2005,and 100.00% for all the epidemic in the other years. The rate of network report was low for surveillance data in 2005, and kept high and stable for the total in the other years. After 2011, all of the rate of network report on surveillance and epidemic data reached 100.00%. Conclusions The rate of network report on surveillance data of plague in Ningxia keeps high generally and tends to increase year by year. There is still missing, repeated and mistaken report in some cities/counties(districts).Though the rate of network report can reach 100.00% for the latest 3 years, it is necessary to reinforce training and supervision so as to improve quality of inspection and network report data.
The phosphorylation of proteins: a major mechanism for biological regulation

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Mammut americanum, Utah's first record of the American mastodon

A sinkhole locality in the Wasatch Plateau has yielded Utah's first record of the American mastodon. At nearly 3,000 m this fossil-bearing site denotes the highest elevation yet reported for Mammut americanum, and demonstrates that mountainous terrain was not a barrier to dispersals. A presumably preferred habitat of spruce-fir open forests, similar to that in the area today, was present during the time of the mastodons reported here. Two incomplete individuals of M. americanum are the only fossils that were found in the sinkhole. Entrapment appears to have been the cause of death. Since the record of M. americanum in western North America is sparse, the present find has added significance in providing more information about the nature of this animal. A possible association of a recovered spear point fragment near the fossils indicates the possibility that man and mastodon were contemporaneous here. Three independent datings were run on mastodon bone. Two based on carbon-14 yielded dates of 7,090 ± 200 yr B.P. and 7,590 ± 100 yr B.P., while the third, using the racemization process, indicated an age of less than 10,000 yr B.P.
Traveling Waves in Spatially Discrete Dynamical Systems of Diffusive Type

We discuss recent results in the theory of lattice differential equations (LDE’s), particularly for LDE’s of diffusive type. Broadly speaking, an LDE is an infinite system of ordinary differential equations modeled on an underlying spatial lattice which reflects the underlying geometry of the lattice. Often one obtains an LDE upon discretizing a partial differential equation, however, many LDE’s occur as models in their own right and are not approximations to the continuum limit. Generally here we consider LDE’s composed of local nonlinear dynamics (often of bistable type) coupled with a discrete laplacian. Questions examined are the existence of equilibria (particularly those exhibiting regular patterns), the existence and qualitative properties of traveling waves, and the occurrence of pinning. We also describe in detail the necessary functional analysis associated with functional differential equations of mixed type, which play a central role in the proofs of these results.
Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a Novel Fourth Year Interprofessional Clerkship

Many health profession schools, including medicine, struggle to implement interprofessional education (IPE) in their curriculum, in particular within the experiential portion of the programs. In 2013, the Commonwealth Medical College (TCMC) implemented a novel 2-week required clerkship in IPE. The goal of the course was to expose and include fourth year medical students to high functioning, interprofessional team environments. Course objectives were related to the IPEC core competencies and professionalism. The course required a number of activities and assignments to meet course outcomes. Thirteen clinical sites were identified and utilized during the 2013–2014 academic year, and sites had one to six learners throughout the year. Learners had meaningful interactions with an average of seven different health professionals during the 2-week rotation, and 86 % of the learners agreed that the course was effective in enhancing their understanding of interprofessional practice while 94 % of the learners would recommend their site to other learners. Qualitative analysis of the learners’ final reflections of the course identified themes which were consistent with course outcomes and illustrates the emphasis that the students placed on meaningful experiences. This study demonstrates a required fourth year clerkship in interprofessional practice has significant potential for promoting interprofessional and team-based care. In the future, the faculty hopes to expand site availability to primary care and inpatient settings. In addition, documentation of more meaningful outcomes beyond student perception is necessary. Coordinating this course with other health professional programs is a long-term goal.
Interior Point Methods

It was mentioned earlier that the standard simplex method searches for an optimum to a linear program by moving along the surface of a convex polyhedron from one extreme point to an adjacent extreme point in a fashion such that the objective value is nondecreasing between successive basic feasible solutions. The simplex process then either terminates, in a finite number of steps, at a finite optimal solution or reveals that no such solution exists. In this chapter we shall examine a set of interior point methods for solving a linear program (e.g., projective and affine potential reduction, primal and dual affine scaling, and path following), so named because they converge to an optimal point (if one exists) by passing through the interior of a convex polytope in a fashion such that, at each iteration, a weighted least squares problem is solved.
Aspekte der Beschreibungsgenerierung

Im folgenden verwenden wir den Begriff Beschreibung fur einen naturlichsprachlichen Beschreibungstext, der auch aus einem Satz bestehen kann, und nicht, wie Mellish 85, fur Nominalphrasen. Wir betrachten ausschlieslich Sprache fur konkrete Dinge, wie sie von Kindern zuerst gelernt wird (Olson 72), d.h. Sprache, deren Extensionen in der objektiven Wirklichkeit liegen und die typischerweise durch ostensive Definitionen1 gelehrt wird. Diese Art der Definition von Wortern verankert die Begriffsbildung an perzeptiven Informationen uber den Referenten2. Im Gegensatz dazu wird Sprache fur Abstrakta meist ebenfalls durch Sprache gelehrt. Inwieweit Ausdrucke der gegenstandlichen Welt im ubertragenen Sinn zur Definition abstrakter Konzepte herangezogen werden, oder ob Abstrakta grundsatzlich Begriffe sind, die auf metaphorische Sprache zuruckzufuhren sind, kann nur vermutet werden.
Tumor Xenografts of Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma But Not Corresponding Cell Lines Recapitulate Clinical Response to Sunitinib: Feasibility of Using Biopsy Samples

Abstract Background Parallel development of preclinical models that recapitulate treatment response observed in patients is central to the advancement of personalized medicine. Objective To evaluate the use of biopsy specimens to develop patient-derived xenografts and the use of corresponding cell lines from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors for the assessment of histopathology, genomics, and treatment response. Design, setting, and participants A total of 74 tumor specimens from 66 patients with RCC were implanted into immunocompromised NOD- SCID IL2Rg −/− mice. Four cell lines generated from patients' specimens with clear cell pathology were used for comparative studies. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Preclinical models were established and assessed. Engraftment rates were analyzed using chi-square testing. Analysis of variance (two-way analysis of variance) was conducted to assess tumor growth. Results and limitations Overall, 33 RCC mouse xenograft models were generated with an overall engraftment rate of 45% (33 of 74). Tumor biopsies engrafted comparably with surgically resected tumors (58% vs 41%; p =0.3). Xenograft tumors and their original tumors showed high fidelity in regard to histology, mutation status, copy number change, and targeted therapy response. Engraftment rates from metastatic tumors were higher but not more significant than primary tumors (54% vs 34%; p =0.091). Our engraftment rate using metastases or biopsies was comparable with recent reports using resected primary tumors. In stark contrast to corresponding cell lines, all tested xenografts recapitulated patients' clinical response to sunitinib. Conclusions Patient-derived xenograft models can be effectively established from tumor biopsies. Preclinical xenograft models but not matched cell lines reflected clinical responses to sunitinib. Patient summary Matched patient-derived clear cell renal cell carcinoma xenografts and cell lines from responsive and refractory patients treated with sunitinib were established and evaluated for pharmacologic response to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Both models accurately reflected the genetic characteristics of original tumors, but only xenografts recapitulated drug responses observed in patients. These models could serve as a powerful platform for precision medicine.
Robust Adaptive Beamforming of Volumetric Arrays

This paper considers the development of adaptive beamforming algorithms for a prototype volumetric array. Volumetric arrays are desirable in passive sonar systems because of their ability to resolve left-right ambiguity. However, adaptively beamforming volumetric arrays poses several unique challenges compared to linear arrays such as the large number of hydrophones, lack of sample support, the necessity to know accurately the x,y,z positions of all the elements, and the correlated structure of the ambient noise, even when it is isotropic. These problems are addressed by exploiting the special geometry of the prototype volumetric array by first adaptively forming beams with each of the three individual line subarrays using an expanding Krylov space obtained from a vector conjugate gradient algorithm and then adaptively beamforming the reduced-dimension line subarray beam outputs with Capon's method. The new approach is demonstrated on actual at-sea data and compared against conventional adaptive beamforming methods and is shown to work well and be highly robust.
Toward understanding patient experience in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Validation of patient-reported outcomes in IPF is essential in incorporating patient voice in IPF clinical trialshttp://ow.ly/hyNM306jeGR