cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Herpesvirus 8 Envelope Glycoprotein B Mediates Cell Adhesion via Its RGD Sequence

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma, utilizes heparan sulfate-like molecules to bind the target cells via its envelope-associated glycoproteins gB and gpK8.1A. HHV-8-gB possesses the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, the minimal peptide region of many proteins known to interact with subsets of host cell surface integrins. HHV-8 utilizes alpha3beta1 integrin as one of the receptors for its entry into the target cells via its gB interaction and induces the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) (S. M. Akula, N. P. Pramod, F.-Z. Wang, and B. Chandran, Cell 108:407-419, 2002). Since FAK activation is the first step in the outside-in signaling necessary for integrin-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell adhesions, motility, and proliferation, the ability of HHV-8-gB to mediate the target cell adhesion was examined. A truncated form of gB without the transmembrane and carboxyl domains (gBdeltaTM) and a gBdeltaTM mutant (gBdeltaTM-RGA) with a single amino acid mutation (RGD to RGA) were expressed in a baculovirus system and purified. Radiolabeled HHV-8-gBdeltaTM, gBdeltaTM-RGA, and deltaTMgpK8.1A proteins bound to the human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), human dermal microvascular endothelial (HMVEC-d) cells, human B (BJAB) cells, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells with equal efficiency, which was blocked by preincubation of proteins with soluble heparin. Maxisorp plate-bound gBdeltaTM protein induced the adhesion of HFFs and HMVEC-d and monkey kidney epithelial (CV-1) cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the gBdeltaTM-RGA and DeltaTMgpK8.1A proteins did not mediate adhesion. Adhesion mediated by gBdeltaTM was blocked by the preincubation of target cells with RGD-containing peptides or by the preincubation of plate-bound gBdeltaTM protein with rabbit antibodies against gB peptide containing the RGD sequence. In contrast, adhesion was not blocked by the preincubation of plate-bound gBdeltaTM protein with heparin, suggesting that the adhesion is mediated by the RGD amino acids of gB, which is independent of the heparin-binding domain of gB. Integrin-ligand interaction is dependent on divalent cations. Adhesion induced by the gBdeltaTM was blocked by EDTA, thus suggesting the role of integrins in the observed adhesions. Focal adhesion components such as FAK and paxillin were activated by the binding of gBdeltaTM protein to the target cells but not by gBdeltaTM-RGA protein binding. Inhibition of FAK phosphorylation by genistein blocked gBdeltaTM-induced FAK activation and cell adhesion. These findings suggest that HHV-8-gB could mediate cell adhesion via its RGD motif interaction with the cell surface integrin molecules and indicate the induction of cellular signaling pathways, which may play roles in the infection of target cells and in Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis.
Scalable ranking for preference queries

Top-k preference queries with multiple attributes are critical for decision-making applications. Previous research has concentrated on improving the computational efficiency mainly by using novel index structures and search strategies. Since current applications need to scale to terabytes of data and thousands of users, performance of such systems is strongly impacted by the amount of available memory. This paper proposes a scalable approach for memory-bounded top-k query processing.
The Application Of Molecular Sieves As Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents

The application of zeolite molecular sieves as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents is presented. Recent progress is described for X, Y and A type zeolites modified with paramagnetic species.
Device scaling for 15 nm node and beyond

Over the last two decades, silicon CMOS scaling [1,2] had been the foundation of the information revolution. It is worthwhile to realize that prior to 1990, CMOS was more of a density driver, and it was based on DRAM technology. Where performance was needed, one had to rely on bipolar or BiCMOS technologies. In early 90's the power of a number of high end bipolar chips approached ~100 W/cm2 value, and the outlook for further bipolar technology performance improvement (constrained by power) was put in doubt. That forced an industry migration away from BiCMOS to scaled CMOS, based on Dennard's scaling theory [2]. Over the next 20 years, a new CMOS node, every two years, with 2X density shrink and ~35% performance gain per technology node became the norm. Over the last few years, and starting at 90 nm, total chip power and power density have approached the air-cool limit of ~100 W/cm2.. Furthermore, as we have moved to 65, 45 and the upcoming 32 nm nodes, scaling has deviated from the ideal theory (i.e. slowdown in drop in supply voltage and increase in leakage power). The combined effect of the above have been a halt in the frequency scaling for the chips with conventional cooling (around 4 GHz), and migration to multi-core systems (Figure 1).
Packaging alternatives for high lead count, fine pitch, surface mount technology

It is noted that increasing demand for more powerful, small-form-factor personal computers is driving the need for highly integrated, high-performance, high-density, and low-cost component packaging, and that surface mount technology (SMT) has proved effective in meeting these needs. At the same time component technology is being relied upon to deliver high integration and high performance. While the future direction for packaged surface mount components seems clearly dominated by plastic encapsulation, there are a number of options using direct attachment of unpackaged die that achieve greater system density. The authors review both the alternatives and issues associated with the growing number of fine pitch surface mount and direct attach technologies that seem applicable for assembly of high-lead-count, high-integration IC devices. >
Toward Integration of Comparative Genetic, Physical, Diversity, and Cytomolecular Maps for Grasses and Grains, Using the Sorghum Genome as a Foundation

The small genome of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) provides an important template for study of closely related large-genome crops such as maize (Zea mays) and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and is a logical complement to distantly related rice (Oryza sativa) as a “grass genome model.” Using a high-density RFLP map as a framework, a robust physical map of sorghum is being assembled by integrating hybridization and fingerprint data with comparative data from related taxa such as rice and using new methods to resolve genomic duplications into locus-specific groups. By taking advantage of allelic variation revealed by heterologous probes, the positions of corresponding loci on the wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice, maize, sugarcane, and Arabidopsis genomes are being interpolated on the sorghum physical map. Bacterial artificial chromosomes for the small genome of rice are shown to close several gaps in the sorghum contigs; the emerging rice physical map and assembled sequence will further accelerate progress. An important motivation for developing genomic tools is to relate molecular level variation to phenotypic diversity. “Diversity maps,” which depict the levels and patterns of variation in different gene pools, shed light on relationships of allelic diversity with chromosome organization, and suggest possible locations of genomic regions that are under selection due to major gene effects (some of which may be revealed by quantitative trait locus mapping). Both physical maps and diversity maps suggest interesting features that may be integrally related to the chromosomal context of DNA—progress in cytology promises to provide a means to elucidate such relationships. We seek to provide a detailed picture of the structure, function, and evolution of the genome of sorghum and its relatives, together with molecular tools such as locus-specific sequence-tagged site DNA markers and bacterial artificial chromosome contigs that will have enduring value for many aspects of genome analysis.
Discussion of “A Test of the single‐ and double‐ring types of infiltrometers”

The use of single- and double-ring infiltrometers to determine infiltration rates is becoming widespread. Articles such as this are extremely timely. These investigators found that single-ring and double-ring infiltrometers gave about the same value on a uniform Yolo silt loam with a soil profile having no layers restricting the downward movement of wrater. They state “this conclusion differs from the results obtained by Bower and others [1951] and Schiff [1953] who found that the outer ring of the double-ring infiltrometer reduces lateral movement from the inner ring and thus gives a more accurate value for the infiltration rate.” Burgy and Luthin “attribute this conclusion to the fact that these investigators were wrorking on layered soils having either more compact subsoils or strata wmich caused an increase in the lateral flow over the vertical flow.” However, the lowrer the permeability of the layer beneath an infiltrometer, the higher becomes the proportion of lateral flow to vertical flow. Part of such flow comes from the inner-ring infiltrometer, and the buffer becomes less effective in establishing a true infiltration rate for the inner ring. In addition, a single-ring infiltrometer may give appreciably higher infiltration rates than a double-ring infiltrometer, even in a uniform soil, if a combination of soil permeability and surface head (depth of wrater on the soil surface) and depth of infiltrometer in the soil result in an appreciable hydraulic gradient a t the base of the single-ring infiltrometer. The hydraulic gradient for the ‘falling head’ single-ring infiltrometer on Yolo silt loam was undoubtedly too low to cause sufficient lateral flow at the base of the single-ring infiltrometer.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of papillary thyroid cancer surveillance

BACKGROUND The recent overdiagnosis of subclinical, low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) coincides with a growing national interest in cost-effective health care practices. The aim of this study was to measure the relative cost-effectiveness of disease surveillance of low-risk PTC patients versus intermediate- and high-risk patients in accordance with American Thyroid Association risk categories.
Home-range Size and Habitat Used by the Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis)

We examined home range size and habitat use of nine female northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) within an intensively managed forest in the central Appalachians of West Virginia. Using the 95% adaptive kernel method, we calculated a mean home range of 65 ha. Northern myotis used recent diameter-limit harvests and road corridors more than expected based on availability of these habitats. Intact forest stands and more open deferment harvested stands were used less than expected based on the availability of these habitats, although intact forest stands still constituted the overall majority of habitat used. Partial timber harvests that leave a relatively closed canopy appear to promote or improve northern myotis foraging habitat in heavily forested landscapes. However, the long-term ecological impacts on bats and other biota from this silviculturally unacceptable practice are unclear.
Application of Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI) to the Study of the Animal Models of Human Infectious Diseases

Traditional approaches in measuring the efficacy of antimicrobials, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitic therapies have limitations which contribute to noise in efficacy assessment. These include the following: (1) large number of animals must be sacrificed at multiple time points to assess the effects of therapy on pathogen titers in the organs; (2) weight loss of 25–30 % in animals requires ethical animal euthanasia which may be unscheduled and skew sampling; and (3) the organ titers are based upon ex vivo culture or analysis. Such limitations can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding drug efficacy versus spontaneous recovery. One needs to evaluate dissemination of the pathogen in vivo within the same animal to truly measure efficacy. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has been developed as a new method to monitor infections in small animal models. BLI is based on noninvasive measurement of biomarkers possessing a light-producing luciferin or other light-emitting metabolic substrates. This imaging platform is now a widely used technique in oncology, tumor metastasis, establishing efficacy of anticancer and anti-infective therapies, detecting protein–protein interactions, detecting transgene expression in vivo, and many more. BLI, importantly, enables each animal to be used as its own control over time, thus limiting the number of animals required in studies and minimizing animal-to-animal variations which improves statistical precision of efficacy outcomes. In this chapter we describe applications of BLI in the study of infection, reveal important limitations of the technique, and summarize recent work in murine microbial and viral models.
Evaluating a Decade of the AU's Protection of Human Rights and Democracy: A Post-Tahrir Assessment

When the African Union was established, replacing the Organisation of African Unity, many were enthusiastic that it would champion the cause of human rights and democracy, one of the areas in which its predecessor had failed. Among the reasons for optimism was the fact that the African Union’s Constitutive Act was a lot more empathetic for the cause of human rights and democratic ideals. The article contends that, while the Constitutive Act might be potentially important, it is but one among many conditioning factors for the Union’s actions. The article argues that the most important determining factor for the Union’s success or failure is the human rights track record of member states and the perceived or real dependence of elites within these states on human rights violations. Other conditioning factors, such as international legal obligations created by the Constitutive Act and other treaties, pressure from pan-African sentiment within the AU, and pressure from the AU’s human rights organs only play a secondary and a comparatively minor role in affecting the AU’s behavior.
Optical Storage Disk Technology

Optical storage of digital information has reached the consumer market in the form of the compact audio disk. In this technology, information is stored in the form of shallow pits embossed in a polymer surface. The surface is coated with a reflective thin metallic film, and the digital information, represented by the position and length of the pits, is read out optically with a focused, low-power (5 mW) laser beam. When used for information storage for a computer this device is called a CD-ROM, a Compact Digital-Read Only Memory. The user can only extract information (digital data) from the disk without changing or adding any data. That is, it is possible to “read” but not to “write” or “erase” information.While it is an advantage to have permanently stored information in some cases — for example when listening to Beethoven's Ninth Symphony—in other situations the read-only feature is not appropriate. For most computer applications, it is essential that the user be able to store information on the disk and read it back at will. For example, in a word processing task—such as typing this article — it is often necessary to store the document on a disk. Optical data storage for this purpose is available in the form of a Write Once Read Many times (WORM) optical disk drive. The operating principle in a WORM drive is to use a focused laser beam (20 – 40 mW) to make a permanent mark on a thin film on a disk. The information is then read out as a change in the optical properties of the disk, e.g., reflectivity or absorbance. These changes can take various forms: “hole burning” is the removal of material (typically a thin film of tellurium) by evaporation, melting or spalling — sometime s referred to as laser ablation; bubble or pit formation involves deformation of the surface, usually of a polymer overcoat on a metal reflector.
(1,4,7,10-Tetra­oxacyclo­dodeca­ne)(trideuteroacetonitrile)lithium perchlorate

In the title compound, [Li(C8H16O4)(CD3CN)]ClO4, the Li atom is penta­coordinate. The O atoms of the 12-crown-4 ether form the basal plane, whereas the N atom of the trideutero­aceto­nitrile occupies the apical position. The Li+ atom is displaced by 0.794 (6) A toward the apical position from the plane formed by the O atoms because the Li+ atom is too large to fit in the cavity of the 12-crown-4 ether, resulting in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry about the Li+ atom.
Stimulus-response durations in paired-associates learning

This study was conducted for the purpose of determining, whether stimulus-response duration, independent of distribution of practice is related to learning of verbal paired associates. Both stimulus-response duration and inter-item interval were varied. lt was concluded that stimulus-response time per se does slightly affect learning, but that distribution produces a more substantial effect.
Tests for Audible and Ultrasonic Sound Production by Stored-Product Insects1

Ten species of stored-product insects were studied for the production of nonincidental sounds. Eight species confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal; merchant grain beetle, Oryzaephitus mercator (Fauvel); granary weevil, Sitophilus granaries (L.); flat grain beetle, Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr); furniture carpet beetle, Anthrenus flavipes LeConte; Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst); tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella (Hubner); and almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker)-were monitored both in whole colonies over a 24-hour period and individually (adults, pupae, and last or penultimate instar larvae) under conditions of stress. Two spider beetles, Mezium americanum Laporte and Gibbium psylloides (Czempinski), were monitored under conditions of stress. Both audible (1–14.5 kilocycles per second) and ultrasonic (15–60 kilocycles per second) ranges were monitored. A method of determining the minimum discernible signal of a microphone by electronic means is described. No stridulatory or protest (stress) sounds were heard.
Preliminary Study on Economical Operation and Evaluation Management in Goupitan Hydropower Station

Based on the case study of the Goupitan Hydropower Station,this paper studies measures to be taken for the economical operation of a hydropower station from the aspects of optimal dispatch of cascade power stations,economical operation and the operation evaluation for a particular station.Through decomposition of the main factors which affect the main indexes such as the water consumption rate for power generation,capacity factor of power water,composite output factor,loads during water abandonments and the increase rate of hydro energy utilization.The paper establishes some comprehensive indexes which can better reflect the economical operation of a hydropower station,and builds an index evaluation system.Applications of the new indexes and the evaluation system in the hydropower stations are analyzed in the hope to provide useful reference for the improvement of economical operation for large-scale hydropower stations.
Flying Letters and Feuilles Volantes: Symptoms of Orality in Two Troubadour Songbooks

This essay argues that approaching troubadour lyric texts as bodies bearing symptoms of a repressed orality can deepen our understanding of how the poems relate to the manuscript songbooks in which they have been preserved. In Arnaut Daniel’s canso “Autet e bas entre’ls prims fuelhs,” the lyric persona’s contradictory desire to express the truth of his love affair while simultaneously upholding a code of sexual secrecy resonates with the perpetual negotiation of orality and textuality, voice and silence at work in the songbooks themselves. The Lacanian psychoanalytic concept of letters that “fly,” connecting the Unconscious to the Real of the body by acting as the raw material of all signification, can help account for the way in which the textual fabric of a manuscript poem and its persona’s experience of enjoyment (joi) seem to bend together under the sway of an underlying voice. A comparative reading of versions of “Autet e bas” in songbooks K and C suggests that in the performative act of copying, con...
X-Radiography, an Analytical Tool in Population Studies of the Leafcutter Bee Megachile Pacifica

SummaryThe contents and condition of cells of Megachile pacifica could be rapidly and accurately determined by X-radiography. Investigations are described and illustrated on loose cells, in white and Kraft paper straws, and cell series in sections of pre-drilled boards. Live and dead larvae, pupae and adults, pollen masses, parasites (Monodontomerus obscurus, Sapyga pumila, Nemognatha lurida), chalkbrood, and an unidentified disease, were determined from radiographs. The method is rapid and inexpensive, and should have a broad application in bee research and in commerce.
Renal and Skeletal Actions of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and PTH-Related Protein

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the various mechanisms through which parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) control renal tubular epithelial function. The kidney is the focal point for the physiological regulation of mineral ion homeostasis by circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH). By directly controlling renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and phosphate and the synthesis of 1,25 (OH)2D, PTH exerts control over both intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of these key mineral ions. Renal tubular responses to PTH deficiency, PTH or PTHRP excess, or defects in function of the type-1 FFH/FFHrP receptor (PTHR) lead to alterations in blood calcium, phosphate, or 1,25 (OH)2D that are the hallmarks of numerous clinical disorders. As the PTHR recognizes the active amino termini of both ligands equivalently, it is likely that the effects described for PTH would pertain to PTHrP as well. As in other PTH/FFHRP target cells, the responsiveness of renal epithelial cells to PTH or PTHRP may be regulated, both by previous or chronic exposure to the homologous ligand and by other agonists that do not interact directly with the PTHR. Several factors may contribute to this renal resistance to PTHR activation, including a reduced number of cell surface PTHRs, persistent occupancy of PTHRs by ligand, and defective coupling between available PTHRs and the G proteins that mediate activation of effectors such as adenylyl cyclase or PLC. Administration of PTH in vivo also increases the net renal reabsorption of both Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Distributed dynamic optimization over directed graphs

This paper considers distributed convex optimization problems over a multi-agent network, with each agent possessing a dynamic objective function. The agents aim to collectively track the minimum of the sum of locally known time-varying convex functions by exchanging information between the neighbors. We focus on scenarios when the communication among the agents is described by a directed network. We devise an algorithm with a discrete time-sampling scheme such that the distance between any agent estimate and time-varying optimal solutions converges to a steady state error bound whose size is related to the constant step-size and the sampling interval. The convergence rate is shown to be linear given that the objective function is strongly-convex. Numerical simulations demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed approach.
How PET/MR Can Add Value for Children with Cancer

To review how positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) technology could add value for pediatric cancer patients. Since many primary tumors in children are evaluated with MR imaging and metastases are detected with PET/computed tomography (CT), integrated PET/MR can be a time-efficient and convenient solution for pediatric cancer staging. 18F-FDG PET/MR can assess primary tumors and the whole body in one imaging session, avoid repetitive anesthesia, and reduce radiation exposure compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT. This article lists 10 action points, which might improve the clinical value of PET/MR for children with cancer. However, even if PET/MR proves valuable, it cannot enter mainstream applications if it is not accessible to the majority of pediatric cancer patients. Therefore, innovations are needed to make PET/MR scanners affordable and increase patient throughput. PET/MR offers opportunities for more efficient, accurate, and safe diagnoses of pediatric cancer patients. The impact on patient management and outcomes has to be substantiated by large-scale prospective clinical trials.
Interpreting and using student ratings data: Guidance for faculty serving as administrators and on evaluation committees

Abstract This article is about the accurate interpretation of student ratings data and the appropriate use of that data to evaluate faculty. Its aim is to make recommendations for use and interpretation based on more than 80 years of student ratings research. As more colleges and universities use student ratings data to guide personnel decisions, it is critical that administrators and faculty evaluators have access to research-based information about their use and interpretation. The article begins with an overview of common views and misconceptions about student ratings, followed by clarification of what student ratings are and are not. Next are two sections that provide advice for two audiences—administrators and faculty evaluators—to help them accurately, responsibly, and appropriately use and interpret student ratings data. A list of administrator questions is followed by a list of advice for faculty responsible for evaluating other faculty members’ records.
Pedestal radial flux measuring method to prevent impurity accumulation

The use of high-z wall materials attempts to shift the fusion challenge from heat handling to impurity removal. We demonstrate that not only the impurity density in-out asymmetry but also the poloidal flow has a major impact on the radial impurity flux direction. This realization provides the first method of measuring the flux from available diagnostics, without the need of a computationally demanding kinetic calculation of the full bulk ion response. Moreover, it affords insight into optimal tokamak operation to avoid impurity accumulation while allowing free fueling.
RIVERINE DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSITION AND DYNAMICS

Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are intimately linked through the transfer of energy and materials. A common example of ecosystem linkage is the input of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) to rivers and streams. DOM can play a variety of roles in stream ecosystem function by fueling local food webs, influencing trophic state, and affecting the dissolved nutrient availability. Microorganisms utilize, transform, and produce DOM during microbial metabolism, a relationship that links microbes to DOM quality and quantity. Chemical and physical properties are known to vary with DOM source, and thus the type of terrestrial input may dictate how DOM is processed in a stream. Using laboratory microcosms, and added terrestrial organic matter substrates, we carried out a leaching experiment over forty-five days. We employed a suite of complementary techniques to determine the effect of leaching DOM sources on microorganisms, DOM processing, and ecosystem function. Microbial community composition changed from the original stream water inoculum and depended on DOM source. Cell abundances for all DOM sources spiked after two days, after which abundances dropped and remained relatively steady until the end of the experiment. DOM concentrations decreased exponentially with the maximum amount of carbon utilization taking place within the first five days. The DOM fluorescent signature, initially influenced by amino acid-like fluorescence shifts to more humic-like character over the course of the experiment, indicating DOM humification over time. Our results showcase the advantages of interdisciplinary tools to elucidate the connection of microbial processing, DOM chemistry, and ecosystem function.
Direct response and force transmissibilities in the characterization of coupled structures

Abstract A description of coupled structures, and structures with blocked degrees of freedom, is presented in terms of direct transmissibility functions (DTFs) as an alternative to the standard mobility approach. The notion of DTFs between degrees of freedom is extended to DTFs between groups of subsystems for that purpose. The relation between DTFs and mobilities is clearly established and the concept of direct force transmissibility, which offers a different description of signal transmission within a structure, is also introduced. Moreover, a physical interpretation for the decomposition of the mobility matrix of the coupled substructures in terms of Schur complements is given. This highlights the transmission process from input forces to substructure responses. Finally, two numerical examples are included to elucidate all concepts and outline their potential for practical applications. The first one deals with predicting vibrations of a plate after blocking some of its degrees of freedom. The second one addresses signal transmission between two plates with elastic coupling.
Pardon me? An assessment of Jonathan Pollard’s quest for presidential clemency

On 4 March 1987, Jonathan Pollard was sentenced to life in prison for spying for Israel. Five U.S. presidents have considered pardoning Pollard. This study examines the factors affecting presidenti...
A Review on the Strengthening of Nanostructured Materials

Nanostructured materials, whose characteristic microstructure size is under 100 nm, can be either single-phase nanocrystalline materials or multi-phase nanocomposite materials. Nanocrystalline materials can also be treated as nanocomposites with grain interior as matrix and grain boundary as secondary phase. The strengthening models of nanostructured materials resemble those strengthening models of conventional composite structures, but have substantial deviations from conventional strengthening mechanisms due to their distinctive nanoscale structure and the complex hierarchy of their nanoscale microstructure. This paper reviewed the current progress in developments of strengthening models for nanostructured materials with emphasis on single-phase nanocrystalline and multiphase nanocomposite materials, which would help guide the design of new nanostructured materials and other similar nanoscale composite structures. Furthermore, practical large scale industrial applications of high strength nanostructured materials require these materials to possess decent formability, ductility or other functional properties to satisfy both structural and multifunctional applications. Therefore, the latest developments of novel nanostructured materials are discussed to highlight their potential of overcoming the strength ductility trade-off and strength-conductivity trade-off by various approaches. Their complex and distinctive nanoscale microstructure suggests the potential challenges and opportunities in developing new strengthening models for designing future advanced nanostructured materials with unprecedented properties.
High neighborhood incarceration rate is associated with cardiometabolic disease in nonincarcerated black individuals.

Abstract Purpose To examine the association between residence in neighborhoods with high rates of incarceration and cardiometabolic disease among nonincarcerated individuals. Methods We used data from two community cohort studies (n = 1368) in Atlanta, Georgia–META-Health and Predictive Health (2005–2012)—to assess the association between neighborhood incarceration rate and cardiometabolic disease, adjusting for individual-level and neighborhood-level factors. We also examined the interaction between race and neighborhood incarceration rate. Results Individuals living in neighborhoods with high incarceration rates were more likely to have dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–2.09) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.07–2.59) in fully adjusted models. Interactions between race and neighborhood incarceration rate were significant; black individuals living in neighborhoods with high incarceration rates were more likely to have hypertension (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.01–2.49), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.12–2.80), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.09–2.99). Conclusions Black individuals living in neighborhoods with high rates of incarceration have worse cardiometabolic health profiles. Criminal justice reform may help reduce race-specific health disparities in the United States.
Automatic Generation of Human-Computer Interfaces from BACnet Descriptions

We present a methodology by which interfaces can be generated for application areas that have standards for definition of systems within that application area. The methodology includes organizational rules that describe the general nature of information for the application area, operational rules that describe the way users interact with that data, and optional user preference rule by which users can tailor the interface for a more meaningful experience. We show that by developing multiple sets of operational and user preference rules our approach can provide for universal access. We demonstrate the methodology for applications defined by BACNet, a standard for defining building control and monitoring systems and which can be used to also define general Internet of Things systems. We provide a brief description of BACNet objects and show how the application area leads to organizational, operational, and user preference rules for BACNet systems. We also illustrate the approach applied to a second application area to show the generality of the method.
Routine bone marrow exam during first remission of acute myeloid leukemia

To detect relapse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment protocols have called for bone marrow exams every 2 to 4 months in remission. To investigate the effect of replacing this policy with one calling for marrows only when blood count is abnormal (platelets 0%, unrelated to prior chemotherapy), we reviewed the records of all 444 patients with AML whose disease recurred ( > or = 5% marrow blasts unrelated to prior chemotherapy) for the first time between 1980 and 1995. The 375 patients with adequate follow-up were classified as (1) simultaneous--blood count abnormal when relapse noted without a normal marrow intervening between first abnormal count and relapse, 289 patients (77% of 375), (2) marrow first--blood count normal when relapse noted, 60 patients (16%), or (3) blood first--a normal marrow intervened between first abnormal blood count and relapse, 26 patients (7%). Interval between marrow exams and blood counts did not differ in the three groups (a 25-patient sample of the 289 patient simultaneous group was analyzed as representative of this group) with marrows done at a median of once monthly and blood counts at a median of once weekly from complete remission (CR) date to relapse date. The three groups also had similar first CR duration, and pretreatment cytogenetics. CR rates following salvage chemotherapy were 32% to 33% in the simultaneous and marrow first groups and 17% in the blood first group. We conclude that routine marrow exams for morphology are not needed in the great majority of AML patients in first CR.
Feasibility of a Telemedicine-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Rural Breast Cancer Survivors.

Objectives To evaluate a nurse-led, telemedicine-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) in rural breast cancer survivors (BCSs). Sample & setting 18 BCSs diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer in the rural western United States. Methods & variables In this prospective, pre-/post-test, quasiexperimental feasibility pilot trial, BCSs attended six weekly sessions of CBTI via Internet videoconference. Feasibility was assessed using recruitment and acceptability of the intervention. Primary outcomes were diary-based sleep efficiency (SE), sleep latency (SL), total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, and number of nightly awakenings; secondary outcomes included quality of life (QOL), mental health, and daily functioning. Results Following the intervention, participants reported improvements in sleep outcomes, including SE and SL. QOL and daily functioning improved, but anxiety and depression did not. Implications for nursing Nurse-led, telemedicine-delivered CBTI for rural BCSs is feasible and may be effective in managing insomnia. Additional research is needed to determine widespread effectiveness and best practices for dissemination and implementation.
Matrices for Non-Fiction: Dziga Vertov and the Kino-Nedelia Newsreels

Although Dziga Vertov is usually remembered as the creator of Man with a Movie Camera (1929), his career began and ended in newsreel. His work on the first Soviet newsreel series, Kino-Nedelia (Film-Week, 1918–1919), was formative not only for his own later practice but for Soviet non-fiction in general. Beginning with a discussion of Kino-Nedelia’s main predecessor, the short-lived Svobodnaia Rossiia (Free Russia, 1917) series, the present chapter focuses on important conventions of later Soviet non-fiction filmmaking that find early expression in Kino-Nedelia. These include the foregrounding of the collective character of filmmaking labour; sophisticated strategies of the narrative and non-narrative organization of footage; techniques of agitation; and, most importantly, the idea of newsreel itself as both historical archive and a source for other films.
Effects of persistent energy-related brine contamination on amphibian abundance in national wildlife refuge wetlands

Abstract To inform sustainable energy development, it is important to understand the ecological effects of historical and current production practices and the persistence of those effects. The Williston Basin is one of North America's largest oil production areas and overlaps the Prairie Pothole Region, an area densely populated with wetlands that provide important wildlife habitat. Although historical disposal practices that released chloride-rich waters (brines) produced during oil extraction into the environment are no longer used, brine spills still occur frequently. We sampled 33 wetlands for three amphibian species in Montana and North Dakota during 2015–2017, primarily on National Wildlife Refuges, and used N-mixture models to determine how abundance varied with evidence of brine contamination. To provide insight into effects of historical versus contemporary contamination, we also estimated the association of well density and age with water quality and amphibian abundance. Abundance of boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) larvae declined most rapidly in response to increased chloride (range: 0.04–17,500 mg/L), followed by the northern leopard frog (Lithobates [Rana] pipiens) and barred tiger salamander (Ambystoma mavortium). Water quality and population- and community-level abundance of amphibians were more strongly related to nearby wells (≤800 m) installed before 1982 than to wells installed since 1982. These results suggest historical brine management practices were the primary driver of contamination and reduced amphibian abundance in wetlands we sampled, reflecting multi-decadal ecological effects. These persistent effects also underscore the critical need for tools to restore landscapes affected by brine contamination.
Hollow carbon anchored highly dispersed Pd species for selective hydrogenation of 3-nitrostyrene: metal-carbon interaction

Constructing Pd–C bond between Pd particles and defective hollow nanocarbons (h-NCs) not only enables facile H2 dissociation but also diffusion of the dissociated H species, which makes the Pd/h-NC highly active with a TOF of 21 845 h−1 (>80 times higher than that of the best catalyst in literature), selective (97%), and stable (4 cycles) for selective hydrogenation of 3-nitrostyrene to 3-ethylnitrobenze.
Acute Manifestations of Neuromuscular Disease

Neuromuscular emergencies may be defined as disorders or exacerbation of diseases of the peripheral nervous system that are rapidly progressive and potentially life-threatening. Such disorders can affect any level of the peripheral nervous system, from the muscle to the anterior horn cell. While their clinical manifestations may vary, severe morbidity and mortality is most frequently the result of neuromuscular respiratory failure. Some disorders, such as Guillain–Barre syndrome, provide the additional threat of severe, and potentially irreversible, nerve loss. Others, such as rhabdomyolysis and malignant hyperthermia, may produce serious medical complications. This article reviews neuromuscular emergencies by localization in the peripheral nervous system of the underlying disorder, as well as the identification and management of neuromuscular respiratory failure.
Electrochemistry of Metalloporphyrins in Nonaqueous Media

The sections in this article are Introduction Porphyrin Electrochemistry in the Early 1960s and the 1970s Porphyrin Electrochemistry in the 1980s and the 1990s Selection of Appropriate Solvent and Supporting Electrolyte Selection of Appropriate Supporting Electrolyte Effect of Macrocycle Structure on Potentials Effect of Axial Ligation Periodic Table of Metalloporphyrins Groups 1–4 Groups 5 and 6 Group 7 Group 8 Ruthenium Osmium Iron Group 9 Group 10 Group 11 Group 12 Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Concluding Statement Acknowledgments
VariLoc: Path Loss Exponent Estimation and Localization Using Multi-Range Beaconing

The achievable accuracy of localization based on received signal strength measurements depends on the path loss exponent (PLE), which describes the multipath fading and shadowing characteristics of a channel. An inaccurate estimation of the PLE leads to inaccurate estimation of positions. In this letter, we introduce a new ranging technique, called VariLoc, which uses a multi-range beaconing approach to perform localization and PLE estimation. The main novelty of VariLoc is that it leverages the sensitivity level of a receiver device for sensing the channel and the transmission power, instead of the more commonly used RSSI measurements, which can be very noisy. This letter shows that VariLoc is robust against multipath fading and can estimate the PLE accurately, even in the presence of very deep fading. This letter further introduces a centroid localization algorithm that utilizes VariLoc to obtain estimates for both the PLE and the position of a target node. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with the state-of-the-art localization algorithms and Cramer–Rao bound using simulation and real-world experimentation using Bluetooth beacons.
Whereabouts and Secrets: A Person-Centered Approach to Emerging Adults' Routine and Self-Disclosure to Parents

The current study examined heterogeneity in emerging adult children’s routine and self-disclosure to parents using mixture modeling and explored predictors and outcomes associated with the patterns...
Electrocardiographic and Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating From the Basal Inferoseptal Left Ventricle.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to characterize ventricular arrhythmia (VA) ablated from the basal inferoseptal left ventricular endocardium (BIS-LVe) and identify electrocardiographic characteristics to differentiate from inferobasal crux (IBC) VA. Background The inferior basal septum is an uncommon source of idiopathic VAs, which can arise from its endocardial or epicardial (crux) aspect. Because the latter are often targeted from the coronary venous system or epicardium, distinguishing between the 2 is important for successful ablation. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing ablation of idiopathic VA from the BIS-LVe or IBC from 2009 to 2018 were identified and clinical characteristics and electrocardiographs of VA were compared. Results Of 931 patients undergoing idiopathic VA ablation, VA was eliminated from the BIS-LVe in 19 patients (2%) (17 male, age 63.7 ± 9.2 years, LV ejection fraction: 45.0 ± 9.3%). QRS complexes typically manifested right bundle branch block morphology with “reverse V2 pattern break” and left superior axis (more negative in lead III than II). VA elimination was achieved after median of 2 lesions (interquartile range [IQR]: 1–6; range 1 to 20) (radiofrequency ablation time: 123 s [IQR: 75–311]). Compared with 7 patients with IBC VA (3 male, age 51.9 ± 20.1 years, LV ejection fraction: 51.4 ± 17.7%), BIS-LVe VA less frequently had initial negative forces (QS pattern) in leads II, III, and/or aVF (p Conclusions The BIS-LVe region is an uncommon source of idiopathic VA. Distinguishing these from IBC VA is important for procedural planning and ablation success.
Changes in Gut Microbiome after Bariatric Surgery Versus Medical Weight Loss in a Pilot Randomized Trial

Gut microbiota likely impact obesity and metabolic diseases. We evaluated the changes in gut microbiota after surgical versus medical weight loss in adults with diabetes and obesity. We performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to identify the gut microbial composition at baseline and at 10% weight loss in adults with diabetes who were randomized to medical weight loss (MWL, n = 4), adjustable gastric banding (AGB, n = 4), or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 4). All participants were female, 75% reported black race with mean age of 51 years. At similar weight loss amount and glycemic improvement, the RYGB group had the most number of bacterial species (10 increased, 1 decreased) that significantly changed (p < 0.05) in relative abundance. Alpha-diversity at follow-up was significantly lower in AGB group compared to MWL and RYGB (observed species for AGB vs. MWL, p = 0.0093; AGB vs. RYGB, p = 0.0093). The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased in 3 participants after RYGB, 1 after AGB, and 1 after MWL. At similar weight loss and glycemic improvement, the greatest alteration in gut microbiota occurred after RYGB with an increase in the potentially beneficial bacterium, F. prausnitzii. Gut microbial diversity tended to decrease after AGB and increase after RYGB and MWL. Future studies are needed to determine the impact and durability of gut microbial changes over time and their role in long-term metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery in adults with type 2 diabetes. NCTDK089557— ClinicalTrials.gov
Member and dentist narratives about a dental programme for the Medicaid expansion population: A content analysis.

Objectives In the United States, the 2010 Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion improved financial access to dental care for new Medicaid enrollees in states with Medicaid dental benefits for adults. Using an existing theoretical framework, we explored dentist and Medicaid member narratives concerning a state's redesigned dental programme for the Medicaid expansion population. Methods Data sources include two surveys conducted in 2016-one to a random sample of Medicaid members and one to private practice dentists in Iowa. A qualitative content analysis approach was used to quantify and describe themes present in open-ended comment data. Results The most common themes among Medicaid member narratives were related to oral health needs and status, availability of dentists who accept Medicaid, and Medicaid coverage for dental care. Among dentists, the programme's administrative burden was the most common theme, with coverage and reimbursement commonly cited as well. An emergent theme among both member and dentist comments was patient confusion or lack of knowledge about programme enrolment and coverage. Conclusions Member awareness about enrolment and coverage in public dental benefit plans should be further explored to determine the impact on access to care. Effectively communicating the intent, programme design and expectations of a Medicaid programme to both providers and Medicaid members is important to the success of the programme.