cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Experimental Techniques

We conclude with a brief sketch of some experimental procedures for magnetic measurements. In keeping with the rest of the book, the discussion will be limited to methods for measuring magnetic susceptibilities and specific heats. Since local requirements and experience usually determine the nature of each apparatus, relatively few details will be given; a number of commercial instruments are available for measuring susceptibilities, and these are not discussed.
Clinical efficacy and safety results for dose escalation of somatostatin receptor ligands in patients with acromegaly: a literature review

Acromegaly is a rare disease with a multifaceted clinical presentation. In 90–95% of patients with acromegaly, the disease is caused by a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma with elevated GH levels that ultimately induce excessive hepatic secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) are considered the standard medical choice for the treatment of acromegaly, and normalization of GH and IGF-1 is attainable with effective therapy. This review aims to summarize the literature relative to SRL dose escalation therapy in patients with acromegaly. A United States National Library of Medicine PubMed search of SRL’s was conducted using the following search terms: ((((LAR) OR ATG) OR octreotide) OR lanreotide Autogel) AND acromegaly. Related articles in non peer-reviewed journals were excluded. The rationale and benefits of SRL dose optimization therapy were investigated with emphasis on describing the clinical recognition, treatment, and management of patients with acromegaly. We found that dose escalation could provide additional biochemical control of acromegaly in patients who are inadequately controlled with conventional starting doses of octreotide LAR and lanreotide Autogel®. Furthermore, patients should routinely have their GH and IGF-1 levels closely monitored and their SRL dose increased or decreased thereafter according to individual response.
Planning with Different Forms of Domain-Dependent Control Knowledge - An Answer Set Programming Approach

In this paper we present a declarative approach to adding domain-dependent control knowledge for Answer Set Planning (ASP). Our approach allows different types of domain-dependent control knowledge such as hierarchical, temporal, or procedural knowledge to be represented and exploited in parallel, thus combining the ideas of control knowledge in HTN-planning, GOLOG-programming, and planning with temporal knowledge into ASP. To do so, we view domain-dependent control knowledge as sets of independent constraints. An advantage of this approach is that domain-dependent control knowledge can be modularly formalized and added to the planning problem as desired. We define a set of constructs for constraint representation and provide a set of domain-independent logic programming rules for checking constraint satisfaction.
Streptococcal M protein: molecular design and biological behavior.

M protein is a major virulence determinant for the group A streptococcus by virtue of its ability to allow the organism to resist phagocytosis. Common in eucaryotes, the fibrillar coiled-coil design for the M molecule may prove to be a common motif for surface proteins in gram-positive organisms. This type of structure offers the organism several distinct advantages, ranging from antigenic variation to multiple functional domains. The close resemblance of this molecular design to that of certain mammalian proteins could help explain on a molecular level the formation of epitopes responsible for serological cross-reactions between microbial and mammalian proteins. Many of the approaches described in the elucidation of the M-protein structure may be applied for characterizing similar molecules in other microbial systems. Images
Neonatal immunity: faulty T-helpers and the shortcomings of dendritic cells

Immunity in the newborn is characterized by minimal T helper (Th)1 function but an excess of Th2 activity. Since Th1 lymphocytes are important to counter microbes and Th2 cells favor allergies, the newborn faces susceptibility to microbial infections and allergic reactions. Delayed maturation of certain dendritic cells leads to limited interleukin (IL)-12 production during the neonatal period. The Th2 cytokine locus of neonatal CD4 + T cells is poised epigenetically for rapid and robust production of IL-4 and IL-13. Together, these circumstances lead to efficient differentiation of Th2 cells and the expression of an IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heteroreceptor on Th1 cells. Upon re-challenge, Th2 cells rapidly produce IL-4 which utilizes the heteroreceptor to drive apoptosis of Th1 cells, thus yielding the Th2 bias of neonatal immunity.
A Computational Analysis of Style, Affect, and Imagery in Contemporary Poetry

What makes a poem beautiful? We use computational methods to compare the stylistic and content features employed by awardwinning poets and amateur poets. Building upon existing techniques designed to quantitatively analyze style and affect in texts, we examined elements of poetic craft such as diction, sound devices, emotive language, and imagery. Results showed that the most important indicator of high-quality poetry we could detect was the frequency of references to concrete objects. This result highlights the influence of Imagism in contemporary professional poetry, and suggests that concreteness may be one of the most appealing features of poetry to the modern aesthetic. We also report on other features that characterize high-quality poetry and argue that methods from computational linguistics may provide important insights into the analysis of beauty in verbal art.
Mid-infrared integrated waveguide modulators based on silicon-on-lithium-niobate photonics

Heterogeneous integration techniques, such as direct bonding, have enabled solutions to many problems facing integrated photonics. In particular, the relatively new field of mid-infrared (mid-IR) integrated photonics has been hindered by the availability of functional, transparent substrates in this wavelength range. The key to achieving compact, high-performance optical modulation and frequency conversion is the monolithic integration of silicon photonics with a material with high second-order nonlinear susceptibility. By transferring large areas of thin, monocrystalline silicon to bulk lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrates, the first silicon-based platform to exploit the Pockels or linear electro-optic effect in the mid-IR range is achieved. Integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer modulators with an extinction ratio of ∼8 dB, a half-wave voltage-length product of 26 V·cm, and an on-chip insertion loss of 3.3 dB are demonstrated at a wavelength of 3.39 μm. Ultrathin optical waveguides fabricated and characterized on this platform exhibit a low transverse electric mode linear propagation loss of 2.5 dB/cm. Future capabilities such as wideband difference frequency generation for integrated mid-IR sources are envisioned for the demonstrated silicon-on-lithium-niobate platform.
The Low-Level Jet as Related to Nocturnal Thunderstorms over Midwest United States

Abstract The significance of the low-level jet in the development of nocturnal thunderstorms over the Midwest through the production of regions of convergence was investigated for an area centered at Omaha, Nebraska. A composite jet axis representing all non-frontal days during the summer months of 1955, 1956 and 1957 was found to coincide with the line of maximum frequency of thunderstorm occurrence. Correlation between average kinematic vertical velocities and per cent thunderstorm occurrence over the area centered at Omaha supports the view that the occurrence of summer nocturnal thunderstorms is closely related to the production of regions of convergence associated with the low-level jet.
Wound, Ostomy, and Continence/Enterostomal Therapy (WOC/ET) Nursing

The specialty of enterostomal therapy nursing (ET), now known as wound, ostomy, and continence nursing (WOC), was founded in 1958 at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Pioneering colorectal surgeon Rupert B. Turnbull, M.D., joined forces with former patient Norma Gill to improve care and rehabilitate people with ostomies and enterocutaneous fistulae.
Reform We Can Believe in?: Toward a Theory of Presidential Reform Rhetoric

Promises for not only policy adjustment but also system changes were evident in Obama’s rhetorical strategy even before his official candidacy was announced. Economic downturn, culminating in the financial collapse of September 2008, further prompted the rhetoric of systemic change during the campaign. However, once in office, Obama was faced with the more complicated task of selling systemic change to other governing elites as well as the electorate. This paper compares the success and content of Obama’s reform messages to those of another president who took office in the wake of a systemic crisis: Jimmy Carter, who took office after a decade of controversy over Watergate and Vietnam. The comparison between the reform rhetoric used by Carter and Obama is used to delineate new analytical categories for types of systemic reforms, as well as to assess different strategies for proposing systemic change.
Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of Nitrogen-Polar (0001̅) GaN by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of nitrogen-polar (0001) GaN (N-polar GaN) by metalorganic vapor deposition has been studied to achieve a high microstructural quality of N-polar GaN. The influence of growth conditions on lateral growth is investigated, and a correlation of growth conditions with the observed inversion of polarity is established. Most of the observed trends for N-polar ELO are contrary to those reported for Ga-polar experiments. Such differences are explained by considering the property of surface reactivity of N-polar GaN with hydrogen species. On the basis of the trends of the occurrence (or absence) of polarity inversion, an atomistic model is proposed to explain the origin of polarity inversion. This model also allows us to control the process and to completely eliminate polarity inversion, resulting in fully coalesced, purely N-polar GaN with improved crystalline quality.
Determinants of appointment absenteeism at an outpatient pediatric autism clinic.

Objective: Two widely discussed yet highly understudied factors that obstruct timely diagnosis and intervention among children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are missed scheduled appoint- ments and wait time for outpatient services. Research surrounding outpatient appointment no-show and cancellation rates as well as predictors of such would shed light on the barriers to community-based clinical care. Methods: In this study, data from 8049 children and adolescents (mean 5 6.97 years, SD 5 4.81) with scheduled appointments at a multidisciplinary pediatric outpatient autism center were examined. A total of 43,504 appointments, scheduled between June 2003 and April 2012, were analyzed. Random and fixed effects multinomial logistic regression models were employed to explore the child-, clinician-, and appointment-related determinants of no-show and cancellation for initial and follow-up appointments. Results: A no-show rate of 9% and 15%, and a cancellation rate of 11% and 10% was observed for initial (n 5 8049) and follow-up (n 5 35,455) appointments, respectively. Different predictors were found for both no-show and cancellation at the initial and follow-up appointments. In the multivariate analyses, the most consistent and robust predictors of no-show were African-American child race, medical assistance, provider type and appointment type, and evening appointments. For cancellation, these included increased wait time and provider type. Importantly, cancellation and no-show at the initial evaluation increased the risk for these same outcomes at follow-up. Conclusion: As ASD prevalence figures continue to increase in the United States, findings surrounding wait time, appointment absenteeism, and clinical models of care are important to improving public health. (J Dev Behav Pediatr 33:685-697, 2012) Index terms: autism, no-show, wait time, services, outpatient.
A comparison of Cp2HfCl2 versus Cp2ZrCl2 methylalumoxane catalysts

Ethylene polymerizations by Cp2ZrCl2/MAO (MAO=methyl-alumoxane) and Cp2HfCl2/MAO catalysts are compared. The Hf catalysts have about two-thirds the activity of the Zr catalysts. This difference may be attributed to the greater number of active centers present in the Zr catalyst. The Hf catalyst shows a smaller dependence of: (1) polymer MW on temperature and (2) polymerization activity on transition metal concentration than the Zr catalyst.
Overdiagnosis of HSIL on cervical biopsy: errors in p16 immunohistochemistry implementation

In 2012, the lower anogenital squamous terminology (LAST) project introduced new nomenclature for human papillomavirus-related squamous lesions of the lower genital tract: low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL and HSIL). Biomarker p16(INK4a) immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also recommended to assist classification: block-like positive staining supports the diagnosis of HSIL. We aim to assess the impact of LAST recommendations on our practice as well as to identify challenges and errors in p16 IHC implementation. We studied 262 cervical biopsies meeting 3 criteria: (1) HSIL diagnosis; (2) p16 IHC performed at time of diagnosis; and (3) patient's follow-up more than 12 months, including cervical cytology, biopsy, and excision. Among these patients, subsequent loop electrosurgical excision procedure and surveillance revealed 163 HSILs (62%), 28 LSILs (11%), and 71 "nondysplastic changes" (27%). We reviewed the latter 2 groups' original hematoxylin and eosin and p16 IHC slides. The diagnosis of HSIL was confirmed in 49 cases (49%), whereas 50 (51%) were reclassified as LSIL (n=46) or negative for dysplasia (n=4). These cases were initially overdiagnosed as HSIL because pathologists (1) overused p16 IHC on unequivocal LSIL (n=27) or (2) upgraded questionable lesions to HSIL based on nonblock p16 staining patterns (patchy or focal, n=23). To implement LAST recommendations successfully, we advocate judicious use of p16 in the designated circumstances and careful interpretation of staining patterns in the context of morphology. A standardized threshold for p16 positivity and supplementary guidance will help clarify the biomarker's utility and will facilitate LAST implementation in routine practice.
Pediatric heart transplantation after operations involving the pulmonary arteries

A prohibitive perioperative mortality has been previously ascribed to pediatric heart transplantation after palliative operations for congenital heart disease involving the pulmonary arteries. Of 46 children who have undergone heart transplantation at our institution between June 1984 and February 1990, 7 (15%; mean age 8 ± 3 years; range 1 to 18 years) have previously undergone such operations: right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit/homograft for levo-transposition of the great arteries (2), Waterston shunt for tricuspid and pulmonary atresia (1), pulmonary artery banding for single ventricle (1), Fontan procedure for single ventricle (1), first-stage Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (1), and classic right Blalock-Taussig shunt for atrioventricular canal with pulmonic stenosis (1). Three categories of pulmonary artery anatomy that require different approaches to reconstruction at the time of transplantation are recognized: abnormalities of position, pulmonary outflow obstruction, and previous systemic- or atrial-pulmonary connections. At operation, individualized pulmonary arterial reconstruction was employed, including use of previously created right ventricular–pulmonary artery conduits/homografts and angioplasty (with and without pericardial patches). Transplantation was successful in all patients. Posttransplant right ventricular-pulmonary artery pressure gradients and pulmonary vascular resistance indices were acceptable, with a tendency to decrease with time. Two patients had critical right ventricular failure postoperatively; one of them required support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. There was no perioperative mortality, with three deaths occurring from 5 to 39 months after transplantation. All surviving patients are in New York Heart Association functional class I. Techniques borrowed from the repair of congenital cardiac lesions can be applied to subgroups of children undergoing heart transplantation. Additional length of donor aorta and pulmonary artery should be harvested for possible use in designing pulmonary artery connections. Previous palliative operations involving the pulmonary arteries with associated complex pulmonary artery anatomy are not of themselves an insurmountable obstacle to successful heart transplantation.
Compact Hausdorff Heyting algebras

We prove that the topology of a compact Hausdorff topological Heyting algebra is a Stone topology. It then follows from known results that a Heyting algebra is profinite iff it admits a compact Hausdorff topology that makes it a compact Hausdorff topological Heyting algebra.
The Immovable Foundations of the Infinite and Immortal: Tocqueville's Philosophical Anthropology

My purpose in this essay is to show that the enduring value of Alexis de Tocqueville's work is rooted in his philosophical anthropology, or view of human nature. In Democracy in America, Tocqueville reveals his view of human nature as he treats the relationship between religion and politics in the democratic social state. His political science remains valuable because he understands human beings as creatures distinguished by their desire for the infinite and immortal. In sum, for Tocqueville, religion is an essential support of liberty in the democratic social state because it answers the soul's desire for the infinite and immortal, and provides the foundations for personal and political justice.
Not all drinking events are the same: Exploring 21st birthday and typical alcohol expectancies as a risk factor for high-risk drinking and alcohol problems.

Abstract Alcohol expectancies are a central construct in understanding college student typical alcohol use. However, to our knowledge, there is no research addressing how alcohol expectancies for specific events (i.e. 21st birthday) are different from expectancies regarding typical drinking. We examine the extent to which 21st birthday alcohol expectancies differ from general alcohol expectancies and how 21st birthday expectancies are associated with actual alcohol use and consequences experienced on 21st birthdays, above and beyond expectancies for typical drinking. Participants were college students (N = 585; 54% women) who were turning 21 within a week, and intended to drink 4/5 (female/male) drinks on their birthday. All negative expectancies (impairment, risk and aggression, negative self-perception) and positive expectancies (social, liquid courage, sex) except tension reduction were significantly greater for 21st birthday drinking than for typical drinking. While 21st birthday expectancies were not uniquely related to actual birthday drinking, several positive and negative 21st birthday expectancy subscales were associated with 21st birthday drinking-related consequences, even when controlling for typical drinking expectancies. Expectancy challenge interventions aimed specifically at these subscales may be effective at attenuating alcohol-related consequences that result from 21st birthday drinking.
The Last Autonomist: Louis D. Brandeis and the Struggle for Antitrust

Abstract Louis Brandeis was the greatest opponent of industrial “bigness,” but not the first. After a brief introduction to his life and intellectual commitment to small scale and decentralization of authority in both production and government, this essay considers Brandeis's ideas about policy toward large firms in the context of the controversy in the United States Supreme Court over the interpretation of the Sherman Antitrust Act between 1890 and 1911. Opponents of bigness (“autonomists”) on the Court believed that allowing the market to determine the size of firms made firms too large and supported direct controls on growth, and opposed the common law rule of reason as an obstacle to limiting the size of firms. In 1911, the Court definitively rejected both these propositions in favor of a policy of efficiency in production and indifference to large scale, interpreting the Sherman Antitrust Act to include the rule of reason and leaving the question of firm size to fair competition alone. Brandeis, surp...
Development of a structure-based model for moisture diffusion in multiphase lipid networks

Moisture diffusion in lipids has been traditionally described by generic models that do not offer complete information about its structural dependency. Due to the lack of a predictive structure-based model in literature, we do not know the crystallization conditions needed to favorably alter structure and decrease moisture transport in lipids. The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model to predict effective moisture diffusivity based on fractal structure and void fraction in lipids. Predicted water uptakes using the proposed model were in better agreement (RMSE 0.01–0.03) with experimental data when compared to models from literature (RMSE 0.01–0.16). Clearly, accounting for the fractality of fat crystal networks and vapor phase diffusion in the void fraction were critical to the success of the proposed model over all other models. Interestingly, moisture diffusion occurred predominantly in the void fraction compared to the liquid oil fraction of all the lipid samples.
Abstract B33: Beyond apoptosis, Bcl-xL in metastasis

Bcl-xL, a negative regulator of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, is frequently overexpressed in cancer to promote survival. Bcl-xL can also promote migration and/or metastasis. However, it is unclear whether this metastatic function is mediated via – or independent of – its anti-apoptotic activity and its residence at mitochondria. Here, we show that Bcl-xL promotes migration of cells defective in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Importantly, Bcl-xL mutants lacking anti-apoptotic activity still induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), upregulate TGFβ, and increase metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (panNET) cells. In the RIP-Tag; RIP-tva mouse model, infection of pancreatic lesions with avian retroviruses carrying such Bcl-xL mutants promotes metastasis as potently as wild-type Bcl-xL does. Furthermore, engineered Bcl-xL targeted to the nucleus, but not mitochondria or outside of nucleus, promotes EMT and alters EMT-associated factors. In addition, nuclear Bcl-xL can be found in human metastatic panNET samples. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the metastatic function of Bcl-xL is independent of its anti-apoptotic activity and its residence at mitochondria. Citation Format: Soyoung Choi, Zhengming Chen, Laura Tang, Yuanzhang Fang, Yi Li, Xuejun Jiang, Yi-Chieh Nancy Du. Beyond apoptosis, Bcl-xL in metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B33.
Synchronous timing of food resources triggers bears to switch from salmon to berries

We are in an era of phenological (seasonal timing) change (1). One of the most consistent fingerprints of climate change is the spring advancement of life history events of diverse taxa in the northern hemisphere, from flowers to butterflies to birds. As phenologies change, so too do potential interactions among species. The speed of phenological change can differ among interacting species (2, 3), potentially disrupting crucial interactions such as pollination, foraging, or predator–prey encounters. While there is growing appreciation that climate change may cause such trophic mismatches, the effect of climate-induced synchronization on food webs has been practically unexplored. Enter Deacy et al. (4). Deacy et al. (4) study an iconic interaction: bears feeding on salmon. However, as any biologist who has walked along a salmon stream knows, bears do not feed exclusively on salmon during the salmon run; bear scat encountered along salmon streams often contains seeds from berries (Fig. 1). As mobile consumers, bears integrate across heterogeneous resource pulses that are available at different times (5, 6). For example, in the Karluk watershed of Kodiak Island, Alaska, where Deacy et al. (4) conducted their research, brown bears feed on stream-spawning sockeye salmon early in the summer and then switch to feeding on red elderberry late in the summer. The complementary timing of stream-spawning salmon and elderberry effectively prolongs the duration of high-quality foraging opportunities during the short Alaskan growing season. Fig. 1. Bear scat encountered along a salmon stream reveals a balanced diet. Image courtesy of Andrew Hendry (photographer). However, with climate change and warmer springs, elderberry phenology is changing. Elderberries ripen earlier with warmer conditions, overlapping more with stream-spawning salmon. These stream-spawning salmon—in contrast to … [↵][1]1Email: smcarlson{at}berkeley.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Spontaneous pneumopericardium after coronary angioplasty.

To the Editor: I have read the interesting article by Peruzzi and colleagues1 regarding post-angioplasty pneumopericardium. Theirs is the first reported case of this sequela. In this particular patient, the more frequent causes of pneumopericardium are readily excluded because of the absence of risk factors. Nevertheless, the most apparent explanation for pneumopericardium after angioplasty is the occurrence of a subtle coronary perforation: intrapericardial air might have reached the pericardium from gaseous bubbles introduced during injection of the contrast agent or saline solution if the catheters were not adequately aspirated prior to injection. This could explain the air present in the pericardium on the chest radiograph. The introduction of air into the coronary arteries did not manifest itself, possibly because of its escape into the pericardium. Coronary air embolism during cardiac catheterization has been reported.2 The introduction of air during cardiac catheterization occurs when catheters are not adequately aspirated and flushed. Air can also be introduced by entrainment during balloon catheter or guidewire withdrawal or introduction. The mainstay of management is prevention of occurrence. It is therefore crucial that the operator conscientiously aspirate air from the sheath, catheter, and lines before injection. In the case presented here, repeat coronary angiography performed 3 days after the initial procedure did not reveal coronary perforation—but by that time a subtle perforation could well have closed. In conclusion, I propose that a subtle coronary perforation with introduction of intra-arterial air—due either to incomplete aspiration of catheters or to entrainment of air during balloon catheter introduction or withdrawal—was the most likely cause of pneumopericardium in this specific instance, when all other causes seem to have been excluded. Hesham R. Omar, MD Internal Medicine Department, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
A Real-Time Testbed for Routing Network

Existing network testbeds can enable developers to evaluate the performance of different routing protocols in a network and help students to enhance their hands-on experiences and understand complex and abstract concepts of routing protocols by allowing them to carry out real-world experiments, but they are either limited in features or expensive to establish and manage. To address the problem, this paper presents ARTNet - A Real-Time Testbed for Routing Network – which supports almost all the popular routing protocols for typical applications in a cost-effective manner. ARTNet has been implemented on a multiprocessor server for users to create and manage their routing networks. Performance and functionality evaluations on the ARTNet platform show that it is a promising approach.
Statistical Literacy as a Goal for Introductory Statistics Courses

In this paper, I will define statistical literacy (what it is and what it is not) and discuss how we can promote it in our introductory statistics courses, both in terms of teaching philosophy and ...
Predicting the operational acceptance of airborne flight reroute requests using data mining

Abstract For tools that generate more efficient flight routes or reroute advisories, it is important to ensure compatibility of automation and autonomy decisions with human objectives so as to ensure acceptability by the human operators. In this paper, the authors developed a proof of concept predictor of operational acceptability for route changes during a flight. Such a capability could have applications in automation tools that identify more efficient routes around airspace impacted by weather or congestion and that better meet airline preferences. The predictor is based on applying data mining techniques, including logistic regression, a decision tree, a support vector machine, a random forest and Adaptive Boost, to historical flight plan amendment data reported during operations and field experiments. Cross validation was used for model development, while nested cross validation was used to validate the models. The model found to have the best performance in predicting air traffic controller acceptance or rejection of a route change, using the available data from Fort Worth Air Traffic Control Center and its adjacent Centers, was the random forest, with an F-score of 0.77. This result indicates that the operational acceptance of reroute requests does indeed have some level of predictability, and that, with suitable data, models can be trained to predict the operational acceptability of reroute requests. Such models may ultimately be used to inform route selection by decision support tools, contributing to the development of increasingly autonomous systems that are capable of routing aircraft with less human input than is currently the case.
Predicting increasing high severity area burned for three forested regions in the western United States using extreme value theory

Abstract More than 70 years of fire suppression by federal land management agencies has interrupted fire regimes in much of the western United States. The result of missed fire cycles is a buildup of both surface and canopy fuels in many forest ecosystems, increasing the risk of severe fire. The frequency and size of fires has increased in recent decades, as has the area burned with high severity in some ecosystems. A number of studies have examined controls on high severity fire occurrence, but none have yet determined what controls the extent of high severity fire. We developed statistical models predicting high severity area burned for the western United States and three sub-regions—the Northern Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada Mountains, and Southwest. A simple model with maximum temperature the month of fire, annual normalized moisture deficit and location explains area burned in high severity fire in our west-wide model, with the exception of years with especially large areas burned with high severity fire: 1988, 2002. With respect to mitigation or management of high severity fire, understanding what drives extreme fire years is critical. For the sub-regional models, topography, spring temperature and snowpack condition, and vegetation condition class variables improved our prediction of high severity burned area in extreme fire years. Fire year climate is critical to predicting area burned in high severity fire, especially in extreme fire years. These models can be used for scenario analyses and impact assessments to aid management in mitigating negative impacts of high severity fire.
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM annual international workshop on Mission-oriented wireless sensor networking

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to The Second ACM Annual International Workshop on Mission-Oriented Wireless Sensor Networking -- ACM MiSeNet'13. The second edition of this year's workshop is the premier forum for presentation of research results and experience reports on leading edge issues of mission-oriented wireless sensor networks, including models, systems, applications, and theory. The mission of the workshop is to understand the major technical and application challenges as well as exchange and discuss scientific and engineering ideas related to architecture, protocols, algorithms, and application design in mission-oriented wireless sensor networks, and identify new directions for future research and development. ACM MiSeNet gives researchers and practitioners a unique opportunity to share their perspectives with others interested in the various aspects of mission-oriented wireless sensor networking. The call for papers attracted 12 submissions from Africa, Asia, Canada, Europe, and the United States. The program committee accepted 8 papers that cover a variety of topics, including data delivery in vehicular networking, data aggregation, quality of event assessment, human-machine interactions, graph-based modeling, reachability verification, indoor location fingerprints, and queuing modeling for delay analysis in missionoriented sensor networks. In addition, the program includes a keynote speech by Prof. Jie Wu on the trajectory optimization for mobile chargers in wireless sensor networks. We hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for researchers and developers in the area of mission-oriented wireless sensor networking.
Casting a wide net to find the molar tooth: A study on Joubert syndrome.

Joubert syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous group of congenital ataxias that share a distinctive cerebellar and hindbrain malformation referred to in the literature as the molar tooth sign.1,2 Based largely on unpublished data, the prevalence of Joubert syndrome is estimated as 1:80,000 to 500,000.3,4 In this issue of Neurology ®, Nuovo et al.5 present the first population-based estimate of age and sex prevalence of Joubert syndrome in Italy. The overall prevalence was 0.47 per 100,000 population, while in children 0 to 19 years of age, the prevalence was 1.7 per 100,000, 2- to 10-fold higher than prior estimates. To achieve these more accurate results, the authors created a nationwide network of centers with expertise in Joubert syndrome that partnered with a disease-specific nonprofit organization dedicated to congenital ataxias. Through this collaboration, the network identified 284 patients with Joubert syndrome based on clinical and neuroradiologic findings. Next-generation sequencing confirmed a genetic cause in ≈60% of individuals tested, consistent with prior publications examining the genetics of Joubert syndrome.6
Coexistence of Primary and Secondary Delusional Parasitosis

Objective Delusional parasitosis (DP) is a difficult-to-treat condition. It is prevalent in all cultures, societies, and countries. Previous case reports of DP have been published; however, the patient presented in this report is unique because of the co-occurrence of both primary and secondary types of DP. We aim to explore the two subtypes of DP. Conclusions We discuss DP from a nosological perspective and also highlight the various theories at play in the pathogenesis of primary and secondary DP. The different subtypes of DP should be taken into consideration as they also have a bearing on the management.
Outpatient clinical pharmacy practice in the face of COVID-19 at a cancer center in New York City.

PurposeWith the rapid spread of COVID-19 in New York City since early March 2020, innovative measures were needed for clinical pharmacy specialists to provide direct clinical care safely to cancer ...
The human WNT5A isoforms display similar patterns of expression but distinct and overlapping activities in normal human osteoblasts.

WNT5A activates noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways and has critical functions in early development, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Two major WNT5A protein isoforms, which in this study we term WNT5A-L(A) and WNT5A-S(B), have been identified that differ by 18 AA at their amino terminus. Functional differences between the isoforms have been indicated in studies utilizing cancer cell lines but the activities of the isoforms in normal cells and during differentiation have not been explored. We examined the WNT5A isoforms in the normal osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19. WNT5A-L(A) and WNT5A-S(B) transcripts increased from Days 3 to 21 of differentiation but WNT5A-S(B) showed a greater fold-change. In undifferentiated cells, there are 2-fold more WNT5A-L(A) than WNT5A-S(B) transcripts. Total intracellular WNT5A protein increased up to 3-fold during differentiation. siRNA knockdown of total WNT5A leads to a decrease in the expression of the differentiation markers, osteocalcin and RUNX2. Conditioned medium containing the isoform proteins [CM-L(A) and CM-S(B)] was used to analyze the effects of the isoforms on β-catenin and noncanonical signaling, proliferation, gene expression, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Treatment with both CM-L(A) and CM-S(B) reduced β-catenin signaling. CM-L(A) but not CM-S(B) significantly increased the proliferation of nondifferentiated hFOB1.19 cells. CM-L(A) enhanced osteocalcin transcripts over 2-fold in differentiating cells, whereas CM-S(B) had no effect. Analysis of differentiating cells up to Day 21 revealed no significant effect of treatment with CM-L(A) or CM-S(B) on ALP activity or osteocalcin gene expression. pJNK levels were unaffected in proliferating cells by treatment with neither isoform. pPKC increased slightly in CM-L(A)-treated cells at 15 min but by 2 h pPKC levels were less than the control. CM-S(B) had a more robust effect on pPKC levels that continued up to 2 h. Together these results suggest that the WNT5A isoforms have distinct and overlapping functions in normal osteoblasts.
Neuroimaging in Perinatal Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease

ABSTRACT Approximately one-quarter of childhood strokes occur in the perinatal period, which includes both fetuses and neonates, affecting between one in 2300–5000 births and representing the primary cause of cerebral palsy. Although the pathogenesis is incompletely understood, risk factors for perinatal stroke are often unique from strokes at other ages, with a combination of maternal, obstetric, anatomic, and genetic factors or predispositions leading to infarct. Clinical presentations of perinatal stroke differ from strokes in older children and adults, often presenting as encephalopathy, seizure, altered mental status, or neurologic deficits. However, neuroimaging remains equally indispensable for diagnosis and prognostication. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of perinatal strokes occurring in fetal and neonatal periods, and discuss the etiologies, diagnosis, management, and prognosis, with a focus on neuroimaging utilization and findings. Understanding the appropriate use of imaging in the distinct clinical entity of perinatal stroke is important for guiding appropriate clinical management.
Polyamine: A metabolic compass for T helper cell fate direction

Interplay between metabolic and epigenetic remodeling may be key to cell fate control. In this issue of Cell, Puleston et al. and Wagner et al. use metabolomic, computational, and genetic approaches to uncover that polyamine metabolism directs T helper cell lineage choices, epigenetic state, and pathogenic potential in inflammation.
Wavefront Reconstruction for Noisy Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensors using Deep Learning

A deep learning network for wavefront reconstruction based on intensity and slopes information (ISNet) is further improved by using realistic noise to generate a con- volutional neural net model for accurate centroiding and slopes calculation.
State-Building and Tax Regimes in Central America

In Central America, dynamic economic actors have inserted themselves into global markets. Elites atop these sectors attempt to advance a state-building project that will allow them to expand their activities and access political power, but they differ in their internal cohesion and their dominance with respect to other groups, especially previously constituted elites and popular sectors. Differences in resulting state-building patterns are expressed in the capacity to mobilize revenues from the most dynamic sectors in quantities sufficient to undertake public endeavors and in a relatively universal fashion across sectors. Historical, quantitative and qualitative detail on the five countries of Central America are followed by a focus on El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. The greatest changes have occurred in El Salvador, and Honduras has made some advances, although they are almost as quickly reversed by incentives, exemptions and special arrangements for particular producers. Guatemala has raised revenues only marginally and failed to address problems of inequity across sectors and between rich and poor.
An Experimental Analysis of Rule-Governed Behavior and Human-Computer Interactions

This chapter brings our analysis of rule-governed behavior into contact with some of the basic research that includes computer-interactive simulations of real world conditions. Several of these studies may appear rather abstract in the sense that they may seem far removed from natural classroom issues and events. But, computer simulations give us a chance to more thoroughly examine student rule-governed behavior on a platform that is free of extraneous variables. In fact. many of the studies in this chapter explicate (or retrospectively clarify) the procedures that we employ in natural environments (described in Chapters 5 and 6). As we move through some of our basic research on such issues as the contingencies of superstition, analogues to higher-order schedules of reinforcement, and computer-interactive procedures for augmenting the effectiveness of self-assessment, note that these same strategies will re-emerge in the coming chapters when we focus on assessment and treatment of behavior problems in natural school settings.
Cytochemical Electron Microscopic Localization of Esterase Activity in Lactobacillus casei

Abstract Enzymes capable of hydrolyzing thiolacetic acid in two strains of Lactobacillus casei were localized by the formation of electron-opaque PbS deposits in vivo in the presence of Pb(NO3)2. By electron microscopy, the deposition of PbS appeared primarily at the plasma membrane and at the outer surface of the cell wall.
Motivation and Personality

Perspectives on Sexuality Sex Research - an Overview Part 1. Biological Perspectives: Sexual Anatomy 1. Sexual Physiology 2. Human Reproduction 3. Birth Control 4. Abortion Part 2. Developmental Perspectives: Childhood Sexuality 5. Adolescent Sexuality 6. Adult Sexuality 7. Gender Roles Part 3. Psychological Perspectives: Loving and Being Loved 8. Intimacy and Communication Skills 9. Enhancing your Sexual Relationships 10. Sexual Orientation 11. Sexual Behaviour 12. Sexual Variations 13. Coercive Sex - the Varieties of Sexual Assault Part 4. Sexual Health Perspectives: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Infections 14. HIV Infection and AIDS 15. Sexual Dysfunctions and Sex Therapy 16. Sexual Disorders and Sexual Health Part 5 Cultural Perspectives: Sex and the Law 17. Religious and Ethical Perspectives and Sexuality
Triggered-exchange Two-dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy of Metal Carbonyl Photodissociation Dynamics

We present an ultrafast study of the dissociation dynamics of a metal carbonyl complex using transient Fourier transform 2DIR spectroscopy.
Noise analysis and characterization of a sigma-delta capacitive silicon microaccelerometer

This paper reports a high-sensitivity low-noise capacitive accelerometer system with one micro-g//spl radic/Hz resolution. The system operates as a 2/sup nd/-order electromechanical /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulator together with the interface electronics. A detailed noise analysis of electromechanical /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ capacitive accelerometers with a final goal of achieving sub-/spl mu/g resolution is also presented. The circuit has more than 120 dB dynamic range and can resolve better than 10 aF. The complete module operates from a single 5V supply and has a measured sensitivity of 960 mV/g with a noise floor of 1.08 /spl mu/g//spl radic/Hz in open-loop. This system can resolve better than 10 /spl mu/g//spl radic/Hz in closed-loop.
Neonatal Castration: Influence on Neural Organization of Sexual Reflexes in Male Rats

Most male rats castrated 4 days after birth and given exogenous testosterone in adulthood were sexually motivated but incapable of completing the mating sequence with an ejaculatory response. When tested for sexual reflexes after spinal transection, these animals displayed impairment of genital responses. Similarly treated 12-day castrates exhibited a complete mating sequence and had normal sexual reflexes. Thus neonatal testicular androgen appears to have an organizational influence at the spinal level on neural tissue mediating sexual reflexes.
Cyclic voltammetric study of polyselenide ions in fused potassium thiocyanate solvent

Abstract The study of the electrochemical oxidation and reduction of polyselenide ions in fused KSCN by cyclic voltammetry indicates two oxidation and two reduction reactions. The following consecutive reaction schemes are consistent with the observations: Emf measurements of the cell Pt/Se 2− n , KSCN|KSCH, Ag 2 S/Ag at constant polyselenide concentration fit the empirical equation E = E ′ + k log( n -1) where the constants are E ′ = −0.4058 V and k =0.5071 V.
Fine structure of GABA-labeled axonal endings in the inferior colliculus of the cat: immunocytochemistry on deplasticized ultrathin sections.

Abstract Antisera to GABA conjugates and postembedding techniques were used to identify GABA-containing axonal endings at the electron microscopic level in the inferior colliculus. Over 90% of the GABA-labeled axonal endings had a similar morphology. They contained pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and made symmetrical synapses. The exceptional endings contained round vesicles and made symmetrical synaptic contacts or had pleomorphic vesicles with asymmetrical contacts. The majority of GABA-labeled axonal endings synapsed on dendrites; however, a few labeled axosomatic synapses were also found. Potential sources for these GABAergic synapses are neurons intrinsic to the inferior colliculus or from the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. These findings suggest a basic similarity for most GABAergic endings in the inferior colliculus despite their possible origin from different cell types.
Groundwater interaction with a kettle-hole lake: Relation of observations to digital simulations

Abstract Observations made on a small, fully penetrating, kettle hole lake are used to test predictions made using digital stimulation about the exchange of water between lakes and groundwater systems. On the upgradient side of Lower Nashotah Lake, groundwater inseepage decreases exponentially away from the shore. Water exchange on the downgradient side is controlled by the presence and strength of a groundwater mound, but that mound and its effects are ephemeral. When the mound increases in strength, it generates a local groundwater flow cell beneath it which contains water of chemical composition distinct from deeper, regional groundwater. The growing mound also causes local inseepage of groundwater to the lake in an expanding zone along the downgradient shore. All of these phenomena occur as they have been predicted in published studies where digital simulation of relatively simple groundwater-lake systems has been carried out. The field observations thus confirm the validity of the simulation studies and their usefulness as a tool for understanding water exchanges in unmonitored systems.