cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uncovering novel loci for mesocotyl elongation and shoot length in indica rice through genome-wide association mapping

Totally, 23 loci were detected, and 383 candidate genes were identified, and four of these candidate genes, Os01g0392100, Os04g0630000, Os01g0904700 and Os07g0615000 , were regarded as promising targets. Direct-seeding cultivation is becoming popular in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-planting countries because it is labor- and time-efficient. However, low seedling establishment and slow seedling emergence have restricted the application and popularity of the technique. Mesocotyl elongation and shoot length are two important traits that can enhance rice seedling emergence. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a genome sequence variation caused by a single base within a population, and SNPs evenly distributed throughout the genomes of plant species. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS), based on 4136 SNPs, was performed using a compressed mixed linear model that accounted for population structure and relative kinship to detect novel loci for the two traits. Totally, 23 loci were identified, including five loci located known QTLs region. For the mesocotyl elongation, 17 major loci were identified, explaining ~19.31 % of the phenotypic variation. For the shoot length, six major loci were detected, explaining ~39.79 % of the phenotypic variation. In total, 383 candidate genes were included in a 200-kb genomic region (±100 kb of each locus). Additionally, 32 SNPs were identified in 30 candidate genes. Relative expression level analyses indicated that four candidate genes containing SNP variations, Os01g0392100, Os04g0630000, Os01g0904700 and Os07g0615000, represented promising targets. Finally, eight elite accessions with long mesocotyl and shoot lengths were chosen as breeding donors for further rice direct-seeding variety modifications.
Industry Trends in Engineering Offshoring

Engineering jobs are being offshored to countries like India and China, and the trend seems to be gaining momentum. It is not clear whether this will erode U.S competitiveness or provide long term benefit. What is clear is that there is insufficient independent research on this topic. Here, we delve into some of the offshoring experiences of leading American corporations. This report summarizes data collected from 78 division representatives at 58 U.S. based companies involved in engineering offshoring. We discuss their experiences in hiring engineers, the perception of the productivity and quality differences between U.S. engineers and those in China and India, and future trends in offshoring.
Unlocking the Secrets of the Temple: An Analysis of the Politics of the FOMC

Using a novel data set based on verbally expressed preferences between 1989 and 2007, I show that members of the Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee (FOMC) are not completely apolitical. That is, they may not be willing to cut interest rates to support the president's electoral objectives, but they are much less willing to raise interest rates during times of declining presidential approval and political scandal. This is particularly true among copartisans (Fed governors that are of the same party as the president) and as an election approaches. The chairman is also an conditional inflation hawk, willing to use monetary policy to fight inflation during the Clinton Administration, but apparently not in Republican administrations. This is a concerning finding given the vast literature suggesting that politicization of central banking leads to suboptimal macroeconomic outcomes.
Design of Accurate Low-Cost On-Chip Structures for Protecting Integrated Circuits Against Recycling

The recycling of electronic components has become a major industrial and governmental concern, as it could potentially impact the security and reliability of a wide variety of electronic systems. It is extremely challenging to detect a recycled integrated circuit (IC) that is already used for a very short period of time because the process variations outpace the degradation caused by aging, especially in lower technology nodes. In this paper, we propose a suite of solutions, based on lightweight negative bias temperature instability (NBTI)-aware ring oscillators (ROs), for combating die and IC recycling (CDIR) when ICs are used for a very short duration. The proposed solutions are implemented in the 90-nm technology node. The simulation results demonstrate that our newly proposed NBTI-aware multiple pair RO-based CDIRs can detect ICs used only for a few hours.
Cross-Linking Disulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Telechelic Oligomers. 1. Synthesis, Characterization, and Membrane Preparation

meta-Aminophenol was used during nucleophilic step copolymerization to end-cap partially disulfonated bisphenol A based random copolymers with controlled oligomeric molecular weights. The amine end groups were thermally reacted with a tetrafunctional epoxy reagent to produce networks. Very high gel fractions, up to 99%, and ductile film formation were achieved. The oligomer was further functionalized with acryloyl chloride, phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride, and maleic anhydride to obtain several novel free radically cross-linkable oligomers. The structure and molecular weights (Mn) were established with 1H NMR spectroscopy of the oligomers and end groups. TGA analysis demonstrated the high thermal stability of these oligomers; DSC investigations showed that the oligomers had curing exotherms from 140 to 330 °C and that residual casting solvent during cross-linking was necessary to avoid vitrification during membrane formation. In addition to the thermally cross-linkable systems, photocross-linking was dem...
Discontinuous administration of clofazimine (B663) in Mycobacterium leprae infections.

SummaryThe prophylactic and spaced administration of clofazimine was studied. The drug had an effect when given orally for 2 days immediately after infection, but had no effect when given 5 weeks before infection. When given once every 4 weeks from Day 70 to Day 140 after infection, the drug had a distinct effect. It was also active when injected intraperitoneally on the day of infection.
Fatigue properties of a titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM): Effects of internal defects and residual stress

Abstract A clear understanding of the fatigue properties of Ti–6Al–4V manufactured with electron beam melting (EBM) is needed to ensure performance in critical applications in the medical device and aerospace industries. In this work, the effects of residual stress and internal defects (pores and voids) on fatigue properties of EBM Ti–6Al–4V material in as-built, stress-relieved, and hot isostatic pressed (HIPed) conditions were evaluated. Conventional techniques were used to measure the chemical composition and quantify microstructures, and neutron scattering was utilized to measure residual stresses. Post-processing did not alter chemical composition. Compared to the as-built condition, microstructure was unchanged for stress-relieved material and coarser for HIPed material. No significant residual stresses were measured for any of the three conditions. This indicates build platform and layer preheating lead to sufficient process temperatures to achieve full stress relief in-situ. The fatigue strengths at 107 cycles measured for the as-built and stress-relieved conditions were statistically similar and were measured to be 200–250 MPa. A significantly higher fatigue strength at 107 cycles of 550–600 MPa was measured for the HIPed condition. The increase in fatigue endurance limit was attributed to a reduction in internal porosity and void content.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Gd_2O_2SO_4∶Eu~(3+) Sub-microrods

Gd2O2SO4∶Eu3+ sub-microrods are synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis using Gd2O3, Eu2O3, H2SO4 and NaOH as starting materials. XRD and FT-IR show that the Gd2(OH)4SO4·nH2O precursor can be transformed into pure Gd2O2SO4 phase by hydrothermal synthesis and subsequent heat treatment(900℃ for 2h). FE-SEM images indicate that the Gd2O2SO4 phosphors are sub-microrods with a side length of 500~800nm and a length of more than 10μm. PL spectra reveals that the strongest red emission peak of Gd2O2SO4∶Eu3+ sub-microrods is located at 618nm under 270nm ultraviolet light excitation, which correspond to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. And the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ has a single exponential decay behavior with a corresponding lifetime of 1.13ms.
Application of Rapid Microbiological Testing Technology in Public Health Emergencies

The control of the public health emergencies is valued for timely and effective,and through rapid testing technology,making a clear diagnosis as soon as possible can ensure that unexpected events to be controlled in time and effectively.Among public health emergencies of micro-organisms,the progress of bacterial food poisoning testing has been reported,this paper aims to introduce the application and progress of the rapid test technology in the wide detrimental,newly discovered or frequently happened public health emergencies except for bacterial food poisoning.
Disrupting long-range polar order with an electric field

Electric fields are known to favor long-range polar order through the aligning of electric dipoles in relation to Coulomb's force. Therefore, it would be surprising to observe a disordered polar state induced from an ordered state by electric fields. Here we show such an unusual phenomenon in a polycrystalline oxide where electric fields induce a ferroelectric-to-relaxor phase transition. The nonergodic relaxor phase with disordered dipoles appears as an intermediate state under electric fields during polarization reversal of the ferroelectric phase. Using the phenomenological theory, the underlying mechanism for this unexpected behavior can be attributed to the slow kinetics of the ferroelectric-to-relaxor phase transition, as well as its competition against domain switching during electric reversal. The demonstrated material could also serve as a model system to study the transient stages in first-order phase transitions; the slow kinetics does not require the use of sophisticated ultrafast tools.
Integrating MCDM and DSS: Barriers and Counter Strategies

AbstractDecision support systems (DSS) and multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) models are generally aimed at supporting nonstructured decision making. Despite overlapping goals and sustained development in both fields for the last fifteen years, there are few examples of truly integrated working systems that possess all the functionality of DSS, yet provide the rich support for decision making offered by MCDM. This paper examines some of the reasons for the lack of ready adoption of ideas, concepts, and proven strategies of each discipline in the complementary discipline. The role of each discipline vis-a-vis the other is explicated, and barriers to integration discussed. Some suggestions to counter them are presented. Since each field can benefit from the use of techniques developed in the other, their continued independent development would certainly be counter-productive.
Ontological Analysis of Meaningful Use of Healthcare Information Systems (MUHIS) Requirements and Practice

We present an ontology of meaningful use of healthcare information systems (MUHIS), and an analysis of its requirements and practices using the ontology. We map (a) the Stages 1 and 2 meaningful use requirements set by the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services (CMS) for Electronic Health Records (EHR), and (b) the current literature on meaningful use, to derive the ontological map of the two respectively. Both maps are fragmented and incomplete. We highlight the gaps (a) in the requirements, (b) in practices, and (c) between requirements and practices, and highlight the bright, light, blank, and blind spots in MUHIS. We discuss why these gaps should be (a) bridged if they are important, (b) ignored if they are unimportant, or (c) reconsidered if they have been overlooked. Thus ontological analysis can provide systemic feedback for continuous improvement of MUHIS though systematic changes in policies and practice.
The Normal Breast

In all fetuses of seven months’ development or more that survive three or four days after birth, the mammary ducts are dilated and filled with fluid. This is similar to adult colostrum and is secreted in the same way. The substance is often referred to as“witch’s milk.” The condition usually disappears within a few days, but if it persists, true lactation acini are formed.
Linking Abusive Supervision to Employee Engagement and Exhaustion

ABSTRACTThis research extends the differentiated job demands–resource model by integrating the main propositions of the transactional theory of stress to examine how cognitive appraisal processes link employee perceptions of abusive supervision to engagement and exhaustion. Two studies were conducted using a broad sample of employees. Study 1 developed the abusive supervision demand appraisal measure (ABSDAM). Study 2 examined the role that challenge or hindrance demand appraisals play in employee reactions to perceptions of abusive supervision. Study 1 determined that the ABSDAM was a valid means to measure how employees appraise abusive supervision as a challenge and/or hindrance demand. Study 2 found that hindrance demand appraisals mediate the relationship between perceived abusive supervision and exhaustion, while challenge demand appraisals mediate the relationship between perceived abusive supervision and engagement. This study suggests that accounting for demand appraisal processes provides furthe...
Stackable electronics architecture for densely packed PET detectors

We are developing a 1 mm3 resolution, high sensitivity clinical PET system, comprising two detector panels. Each panel contains 9 cartridges, each of which has eight layers of 1mm high detectors, requiring 768 readout signals per cartridge. A single layer comprising 16 data acquisition (DAQ) modules digitizes the readout information for 1 cartridge. A digital interface board (DIB) provides communication and interconnects to all of the DAQ modules in a cartridge.
Nuclear Coercion in Myth and Reality

What is the role of nuclear weapons in world politics? The political effects of nuclear weapons were central to the study of international relations during the Cold War. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, many people assumed that nuclear weapons were no longer relevant. Careful thinking about nuclear deterrence ground to a halt. Events soon reminded us that nuclear weapons did not disappear with the end of the Cold War. India and Pakistan tested nuclear weapons in 1998. The United States invaded Iraq in 2003, in part due to concerns about Saddam Hussein's nuclear ambitions. North Korea withdrew from the Non-Proliferation Treaty and joined the nuclear club, carrying out its first successful nuclear explosion in 2006. Iran recently appeared to be on the cusp of building nuclear weapons. Clearly, nuclear weapons continue to influence the contemporary international landscape in many ways. Yet the field of international relations has been unable to answer critical questions about this new nuclear era. One of those unanswered questions is how nuclear weapons shape the dynamics of coercion in international politics. An emerging wisdom – which we call the “nuclear coercionist” school – holds that nuclear weapons provide states with tremendous political leverage. According to this view, nuclear powers have special advantages in international diplomacy. Not only are they better able to deter attacks against themselves and their allies, but they can also win crises with greater ease and extract political concessions more effectively than nonnuclear countries. Nuclear weapons, according to coercionist logic, are useful for much more than self-defense – they also help states engage in military coercion. This book has challenged this notion. It has offered an alternative theoretical approach, nuclear skepticism theory, that better explains the role of nuclear weapons in international affairs. This perspective argues that nuclear weapons do not help states throw their weight around in world politics. The reason is that it is exceedingly difficult to make coercive nuclear threats believable. Nuclear blackmail does not work because threats to launch nuclear attacks for offensive political purposes fundamentally lack credibility.
The meaning of action: Do self-regulatory processes contribute to a purposeful life?

Abstract Viewing life as purposeful is a powerful belief: in addition to positively coloring our feelings, it is associated with decreased risk of falling ill, and, ultimately, dying (Kim et al., 2013). Having valued goals infuses life with purpose (Scheier et al., 2006), suggesting that purpose is closely tied to people's self-regulation. According to Kruglanski et al. (2000), two self-regulatory processes are important: to attain our goals, we must identify what it is that we want to accomplish and how best to pursue it (assessment), and then follow through and actually do it (locomotion). Does purpose, then, emerge from moving toward one's desired outcomes, from carefully identifying and evaluating the best outcomes to pursue, or both? And could purpose be a mechanism linking people's self-regulatory tendencies to their subjective well-being? Three studies (total N = 744) showed that purpose was positively predicted by locomotion, but negatively by assessment; no interaction between locomotion and assessment was found. Moreover, purpose mediated the link between self-regulation and people's satisfaction with life. Our results imply that purpose is derived from movement and that action carries meaning.
Safety and efficacy of helminth treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of the HINT 2 clinical trial.

Serological response against HHV-6A is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis
Inorganic and Organic Phosphorus in Sediments in the Walnut Creek Watershed of Central Iowa, USA

The dynamics of phosphorus (P) reactions in stream water are important because of their potential to trigger eutrophication. This study aimed to explore the nature of P in sediments associated with Walnut Creek, Jasper County, Iowa. The Walnut Creek watershed supports row crop production, grazing, and riparian buffer zones. The alluvial cross section is composed of a sequence of sediments that contribute differentially to the amounts and forms of P entering the stream. Twenty-five sediment samples collected near Walnut Creek (classified as bank, in-stream, and floodplain deposits) were sequentially extracted for P. Across all 25 samples, the inorganic P (Pi) fractions followed the order Fe-bound Pi > Ca-bound Pi > reductant-soluble Pi > Al-bound Pi > soluble and loosely bound Pi. For the organic (Po) fractions, the order was nonlabile Po > fulvic acid-bound Po > humic acid-bound Po > labile Po > moderately labile Po. The ranges of total P (TP), Mehlich-3-extractable P (P-M3), and ammonium oxalate-extractable P (Pox) were 386 to 1134, 5 to 85, and 60 to 823 mg kg−1, respectively. Among the sample groups, the highest concentrations of TP, P-M3, and Pox were measured in in-stream deposits. Total P was significantly correlated with Fe oxides, clay, and soil organic matter, especially in the bank and floodplain deposits. Because of the potential release of P from these sediments, we can speculate that changes in land use within the riparian areas may, at least initially, have little direct effect on soluble or particulate P loads in Walnut Creek.
Complexities of Tourism Planning and Development in Cuba

Within the last ten years, Cuba has undergone many social, economic, and political changes. Since President Raul Castro took the reins from his brother, Fidel Castro, he has restructured several core economic principles within the island nation to allow for more legalized private enterprises, reduce the number of State-employed workers, and foster additional outside investments in order to tackle economic stagnation. These reforms have created a surge of entrepreneurial activity in tourism among Cuban residents who are entering into the private sector, offering new products or expanding traditional ones such as opening paladars (private restaurants) or operating their homes as casa particulares (bed and breakfast enterprises). Paralleling the changes in Cuban domestic economic policies, there has also been increased interest in the potential for significant transformation in the relationship between Cuba and the US that led to speculation and attention among researchers, politicians, and investors alike. Though the current diplomatic climate suggests uncertainty foreseeable future, the ripple effects of the possibility of a thawed relationship went beyond the two countries with an unexpected surge in international travels looking to experience Cuba before it was opened up to US travelers.
CD4 T-Cell Immunity in the Lung

T helper cells are a distinct lineage of T-cells that can differentiate into the well-characterized subsets, Th1 and Th2 and a newer subset called Th17 cells. Data to date suggest that these cells play specific roles in host defense in the lung and thus, these subsets can also be targeted for vaccine-induced immunity. Here we summarize recent progress in our understanding of these specific T-cell subsets, their effector cytokines, and how these cells regulate host defense against pulmonary infection.
The Roles of Glucagon and Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate in the Regulation of Lipid Biosynthesis

The role of glucagon and cyclic AMP in the long-term regulation of fatty acid synthesis was studied. A marked suppression of the induction of hepatic fatty acid synthetase by glucagon was observed in developing animals weaned to a fat-free diet. This effect of glucagon was similar to that observed when the hormone is administered to animals refed a fat-free diet after a fast. Although it is probable that cyclic AMP mediates these long-term effects of glucagon, tissue levels of the mononucleotide did not correlate with the activities of fatty acid synthetase. The mechanism(s) by which glucagon-induced elevations of hepatic cyclic AMP might lead to the suppression of the synthesis of fatty acid synthetase is discussed but remains unknown.
Phase II trial of single agent amrubicin (A) in patients (pts) with previously treated advanced thymic malignancies (TM).

7580 Background: There are limited treatment options for pts with TM and chemotherapy efficacy is often restricted by cumulative toxicity such as neuropathy (taxanes) and cardiomyopathy (anthracycl...
Sport Policy Institutionalization: Examining the Adoption of Concussion Legislation Across States

Multilevel examinations of sport policy institutionalization are scarce in sport management scholarship. As sport policies diffuse across geographic boundaries, there is often variation in the timi...
Comparing better building design and operation to other corporate strategies for improving organizational productivity: a review and synthesis

‘Better buildings’ are intended to improve employee well-being and other important organizational productivity metrics, but such effects have been notoriously difficult to quantify convincingly. Th...
A dual-tuned multichannel bilateral RF coil for 1 H/23 Na breast MRI at 7 T.

Purpose Sodium MRI has shown promise for monitoring neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer. The purpose of this work was to build a dual-tuned bilateral proton/sodium breast coil for 7T MRI that provides sufficient SNR to enable sodium breast imaging in less than 10 minutes. Methods The proton/sodium coil consists of 2 shielded unilateral units: 1 for each breast. Each unit consists of 3 nested layers: (1) a 3-loop solenoid for sodium excitation, (2) a 3-loop solenoid for proton excitation and signal reception, and (3) a 4-channel receive array for sodium signal reception. Benchmark measurements were performed in phantoms with and without the sodium receive array insert. In vivo images were acquired on a healthy volunteer. Results The sodium receive array boosted 1.5 to 3 times the SNR compared with the solenoid. Proton SNR loss due to residual interaction with the sodium array was less than 10%. The coil enabled sodium imaging in vivo with 2.8-mm isotropic nominal resolution (~5-mm real resolution) in 9:36 minutes. Conclusion The coil design that we propose addresses challenges associated with sodium's low SNR from a hardware perspective and offers the opportunity to investigate noninvasively breast tumor metabolism as a function of sodium concentration in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Maternal childhood and lifetime traumatic life events and infant bronchiolitis.

Background Viral bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection that often affects term, otherwise healthy infants. A small literature suggests maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with bronchiolitis. However, the association between maternal exposure to lifetime traumatic stress, including traumatic events occurring in childhood or throughout the life course, and bronchiolitis has not been studied previously. Objectives To investigate the association between maternal exposure to total lifetime and childhood traumatic stress events and infant bronchiolitis. Methods We studied mother-infant dyads enrolled in a prospective prenatal cohort, recruited 2006-2011, and Tennessee Medicaid. During pregnancy, we assessed maternal lifetime exposure to types of traumatic events by questionnaire. We captured bronchiolitis diagnoses in term, non-low birthweight infants' first 12 months using linked Medicaid data. In separate models, we assessed the association of maternal lifetime traumatic events (0 to 20 types) and a subset of traumatic events that occurred during childhood (0 to 3: family violence, sexual, and physical abuse) and infant bronchiolitis using multivariable log-binomial models. Results Of 629 women, 85% were African American. The median count (interquartile range) of lifetime traumatic events was 3 (2, 5); 42% reported ≥1 childhood traumatic event. Among infants, 22% had a bronchiolitis diagnosis (0 to 2 lifetime traumatic events: 24%; 3 events: 20%; 4 to 5 events: 18%; 6 or more events: 24%). Total maternal lifetime traumatic events were not associated with bronchiolitis in multivariable analyses. For maternal childhood traumatic events, the risk of infant bronchiolitis increased with number of event types reported: adjusted Risk ratios were 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80, 1.59), 1.31 (95% CI 0.83, 2.07), and 2.65 (95% CI 1.45, 4.85) for 1, 2, and 3 events, respectively, vs none. Conclusions Infants born to women reporting multiple types of childhood trauma were at higher risk for bronchiolitis. Further research is needed to explore intergenerational effects of traumatic experiences.
A Formally Verified Hybrid System for the Next-Generation Airborne Collision Avoidance System

The Next-Generation Airborne Collision Avoidance System ACASi¾?X is intended to be installed on all large aircraft to give advice to pilots and prevent mid-air collisions with other aircraft. It is currently being developed by the Federal Aviation Administration FAA. In this paper we determine the geometric configurations under which the advice given by ACAS X is safe under a precise set of assumptions and formally verify these configurations using hybrid systems theorem proving techniques. We conduct an initial examination of the current version of the real ACAS X system and discuss some cases where our safety theorem conflicts with the actual advisory given by that version, demonstrating how formal, hybrid approaches are helping ensure the safety of ACAS X. Our approach is general and could also be used to identify unsafe advice issued by other collision avoidance systems or confirm their safety.
Modeling and Linear Analysis of Stitched Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composite Laminates for Mode I Delamination

Composites are used in assemblies more often now, requiring different joints such as mechanical fasteners, riveting, welding, and polymeric adhesives. These methods tend to trade off on the strength of the joint for increased assembly weight and cause additional constraints to be considered in the design process, complicating the design process further. An optimal candidate would be one that could provide high strength to weight ratio with minimal hassle for maintenance and high fatigue performance. One such candidate is stitch-bonded composites. Despite several experimental investigations on the material behaviors of these composites, the corresponding material response models are still far from maturity. The problem statement of this paper is to simulate and compare the delamination damage in an unstitched adhesively-bonded joint, a stitchbonded joint, and a bolted joint of a four-layer carbon fiber epoxy composite laminate using a finite element model developed for all cases. The stitching thread considered in the model is made of Vectran liquid crystal polymer spun fibers and has been treated as one-dimensional truss elements embedded into a lap joint. The delamination failure was modeled as inter-laminar failure using a cohesive zone method. The debonding between the stitching thread and the surrounding material (i.e., epoxy and carbon fiber) was not modeled. The crack opening mode or Mode I delamination was observed for the lap joint. The simulation results include the stress and strain fields, critical strain energy release rates, and the load-displacement curves for all considered joint types. The results provided us better insights into the inter-laminar interaction when delamination occurs and the mechanisms with which the stitching arrests the propagation of the bond failure.
Metabolism of 14C-imipramine. I. Excretion in the rat and in man.

When the brains of Wistar rats were extracted 1 1/4 hours after single intraperitoneal injections of radio-active imipramine some desmethylimipramine (DMI) was always found, together with comparable amounts of iminodibenzyl (IdB) and 2 hydroxyimipramine. The total radioactivity recovered from brain, (usually less than 0.2 % of dose) did not rise on repeated daily injection but then proportions of DMI and IdB tended to be higher. Brain slices incubated for 2 hours at 37° C with radioactive imipramine produced DMI, IdB, and some didesmethylimipramine, but no hydroxylated metabolites. Liver slices produced more DMI, less IdB, a fair amount of 10-hydroxy DMI and comparable 2-hydroxyimipramine. Heart, kidney, lung and gut slices were also active in varying degrees. These findings are consistent with at least two different metabolic hypotheses of the way imipramine exerts its antidepressant action in man.
The 'Odd Party Out' Theory of Certiorari

Whether and why the Supreme Court agrees to hear cases is among the most important—and well studied—topics in American politics. However, existing theories have overlooked a key player: the advocates. We develop and test a new theory that explicitly incorporates advocates in explaining which cases the Supreme Court is likely to accept. Specifically, we theorize that cert petitions are most likely to be successful when (1) there is great ideological distance between the opposing advocates and (2) the lower-court panel is closest ideologically to the advocate who won at the lower-court level. In these cases, as we explain, the advocate petitioning the Supreme Court to intervene becomes the “Odd Party Out,” a cue that conveys important information about the probability of bias as well as the political importance of the case. We test this theory using a new dataset on the identities and ideologies of advocates and judges. We find strong support for our theory: cert petitions are significantly more likely to be granted when the advocate appealing to the Court is an ideological outlier—that is, when the petitioner is in opposition to an ideologically aligned respondent and lower-court panel.
Indecomposable objects of Rep_(GLt) in terms of exterior powers of the tautological object and its dual

Abstract The purpose of this short note is to understand the split Grothendieck ring of the Deligne category Rep _ ( G L t ) . We give a formula for the class of an indecomposable object in terms of exterior powers of the tautological object and its dual.
Large-scale tethered function assays identify factors that regulate mRNA stability and translation.

The molecular functions of the majority of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) remain unclear, highlighting a major bottleneck to a full understanding of gene expression regulation. Here, we develop a plasmid resource of 690 human RBPs that we subject to luciferase-based 3ʹ-untranslated-region tethered function assays to pinpoint RBPs that regulate RNA stability or translation. Enhanced UV-cross-linking and immunoprecipitation of these RBPs identifies thousands of endogenous mRNA targets that respond to changes in RBP level, recapitulating effects observed in tethered function assays. Among these RBPs, the ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like (UBAP2L) protein interacts with RNA via its RGG domain and cross-links to mRNA and rRNA. Fusion of UBAP2L to RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas9 demonstrates programmable translational enhancement. Polysome profiling indicates that UBAP2L promotes translation of target mRNAs, particularly global regulators of translation. Our tethering survey allows rapid assignment of the molecular activity of proteins, such as UBAP2L, to specific steps of mRNA metabolism. A survey of human RNA-binding proteins based on luciferase-based 3ʹ-untranslated-region tethered function assays and identification of their target mRNAs provides insights into their role in RNA metabolism.
The Dielectric Function of "Astrodust" and Predictions for Polarization in the 3.4$\mu$m and 10$\mu$m Features

The dielectric function of interstellar dust material is modeled using observations of extinction and polarization in the infrared, together with estimates for the mass of interstellar dust. The "astrodust" material is assumed to be a mix of amorphous silicates and other materials, including hydrocarbons producing an absorption feature at 3.4$\mu$m. The detailed shape of the 10$\mu$m polarization profile depends on the assumed porosity and grain shape, but the 10$\mu$m spectropolarimetric data are not yet good enough to clearly favor one shape over another, nor to constrain the porosity. The expected 3.4$\mu$m feature polarization is consistent with existing upper limits, provided the 3.4$\mu$m absorption is preferentially located in grain surface layers; a separate population of non-aligned carbonaceous grains is not required. We predict the 3.4$\mu$m polarization feature to be $(\Delta p)_{3.4\mu{\rm m}}/p(10\mu{\rm m})\approx 0.016$, just below current upper limits. Polarization by the same grains at submm wavelengths is also calculated.
What character strengths do early childhood educators use to address workplace challenges? Positive psychology in teacher professional development

Positive psychology interventions, such as the application of character strengths, can improve job performance and satisfaction across industries, but little of this research has been applied to th...
Allocation changes in heart transplantation: What has really changed?

Abstract Objective In 2018, the heart allocation system changed status classifications and broadened geographic distribution. We examined this change at a national level based on the immediate pre- and postchange periods. Methods Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database, we identified all adult primary, isolated heart transplants from October 18, 2017, to October 17, 2019. Two time periods were compared: (1) October 18, 2017, to October 17, 2018 (pre); and (2) October 18, 2018, to October 17, 2019 (post). Comparisons were made between groups, and a multivariable logistic regression model was created to identify factors associated with pretransplant temporary mechanical circulatory support. Volume analysis at the regional, state, and center level was also conducted as the primary focus. Results A total of 5381 independent heart transplants were identified within the time frame. On unadjusted analysis, there was a significant increase in temporary mechanical circulatory support (pre, 11.1%; post, 36.2%, P Conclusions Since the planned alteration to the allocation system, there have been changes in the use of temporary mechanical circulatory support as well as distance and ischemic time associated with transplant, but no significant volume changes were observed. Continued observation of outcomes and volume under the new allocation system will be necessary in the upcoming years.
Dividing attention influences contextual facilitation and revision during language comprehension

Abstract Although we often seem to successfully comprehend language in the face of distraction, few studies have examined the role of sustained attention in critical components of sentence processing, such as integrating information over a sentence and revising predictions when unexpected information is encountered. The current study investigated the impact of attention on sentence processing using a novel dual-task paradigm. Participants read weakly and strongly constraining sentences with expected or unexpected endings while also tracking the motion of dots in the background, and their EEG was recorded. Under full attention, the amplitude of the N400 component of the ERP, a measure of semantic access, was reduced (facilitated) in a graded fashion by contextual strength and fit. This context-based facilitation was attenuated when attention was divided, suggesting that sustained attention is important for building up message-level representations. In contrast, the post-N400 frontal positivity that has been observed to prediction violations and associated with revision processes was unaffected by dividing attention. However, under divided attention, participants also elicited posteriorly-distributed effects to these violations. Thus, predictive processes seem to be engaged even when attention is divided, but additional resources may then be required to process unexpected information.
The Use of Diuretic in Mechanically Ventilated Children with Viral Bronchiolitis: a Cohort Study.

Introduction Viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of admissions to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). A literature review indicates that there is limited information on fluid overload and the use of diuretics in mechanically ventilated children with viral bronchiolitis. This study was conducted to understand diuretic use concerning fluid overload in this population. Material and methods A retrospective cohort study performed at a quaternary children's hospital. The study population consisted of mechanically ventilated children with bronchiolitis, with a confirmed viral diagnosis on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Children with co-morbidities were excluded. Data collected included demographics, fluid status, diuretic use, morbidity and outcomes. The data were compared between groups that received or did not receive diuretics. Result Of the 224 mechanically ventilated children with confirmed bronchiolitis, 179 (79%) received furosemide on Day 2 of invasive ventilation. Out of these, 72% of the patients received intermittent intravenous furosemide, whereas 28% received continuous infusion. It was used more commonly in patients who had a higher fluid overload. Initial fluid overload was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation (median days 6 vs 4, p<0.001) and length of stay (median days 10 vs 6, p<0.001) even with the use of furosemide. Superimposed bacterial pneumonia was seen in 60% of cases and was associated with a higher per cent fluid overload at 24 hours (9.1 vs 6.3, p = 0.003). Conclusion Diuretics are frequently used in mechanically ventilated children with bronchiolitis and fluid overload, with intermittent dosing of furosemide being the commonest treatment. There is a potential benefit of improved oxygenation in these children, though further research is needed to quantify this benefit and any potential harm. Due to potential harm with fluid overload, restrictive fluid strategies may have a potential benefit.
Effects of danofloxacin dosing regimen on gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics and fecal microbiome in steers

Fluoroquinolones are a class of antimicrobial commonly used in human medicine, and deemed critical by the World Health Organization. Nonetheless, two formulations are approved for the treatment of respiratory disease in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics and impact on enteric bacteria of cattle when receiving one of the two dosing regimens (high: 40 mg/kg SC once or low: 20 mg/kg IM q48hr) of danofloxacin, a commonly utilized synthetic fluoroquinolone in veterinary medicine. Danofloxacin was administered to 12 steers (age 7 months) fitted with intestinal ultrafiltration devices at two different dosing regimens to assess the gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics, the shifts in the gastrointestinal microbiome and the development of resistant bacterial isolates. Our results demonstrated high intestinal penetration of danofloxacin for both dosing groups, as well as, significant differences in MIC values for E. coli and Enterococcus between dosing groups at selected time points over a 38 day period. Danofloxacin treatment consistently resulted in the Euryarchaeota phyla decreasing over time, specifically due to a decrease in Methanobrevibacter. Although microbiome differences were minor between dosing groups, the low dose group had a higher number of isolates with MIC values high enough to cause clinically relevant resistance. This information would help guide veterinarians as to appropriate dosing schemes to minimize the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Heterogeneous 3D ICs: Current Status and Future Directions for Physical Design Technologies

One of the advantages of 3D IC technology is its ability to integrate different devices such as CMOS, SRAM, and RRAM, or multiple technology nodes of single or different devices onto a single chip due to the presence of multiple tiers. This ability to create heterogeneous 3D ICs finds a wide range of applications, from improving processor performance by integrating better memory technologies to building compute-in-memory ICs to support advanced machine learning algorithms. This paper discusses the current trends and future directions for the physical design of heterogeneous 3D ICs. We summarize various physical design and optimization flows, integration techniques, and existing academic works on heterogeneous 3D ICs.
Preclinical Assessment of a MUC12-Targeted BiTE (Bispecific T-cell Engager) Molecule.

MUC12 is a transmembrane mucin that is highly expressed in >50% of primary and metastatic colorectal tumors. MUC12 is also expressed by normal epithelial cells of the colon and small intestine. Although MUC12 localization in normal epithelial cells is restricted to the apical membrane, expression in tumors is depolarized and shows broad membrane localization. The differential localization of MUC12 in tumor cells as compared with normal cells makes it a potential therapeutic target. Here, we evaluated targeting of MUC12 with a BiTE (bispecific T-cell engager) molecule. We generated a panel of proof-of-concept half-life extended (HLE) BiTE molecules that bind MUC12 on tumor cells and CD3 on T cells. We prioritized one molecule based on in vitro activity for further characterization in vivo. In vitro, the MUC12 HLE BiTE molecule mediated T-cell–redirected lysis of MUC12-expressing cells with half-maximal lysis of 4.4 ± 0.9 to 117 ± 78 pmol/L. In an exploratory cynomolgus monkey toxicology study, the MUC12 HLE BiTE molecule administered at 200 μg/kg with a step dose to 1,000 μg/kg was tolerated with minimal clinical observations. However, higher doses were not tolerated, and there was evidence of damage in the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting dose levels projected to be required for antitumor activity may be associated with on-target toxicity. Together, these data demonstrate that the apically restricted expression of MUC12 in normal tissues is accessible to BiTE molecule target engagement and highlight the difficult challenge of identifying tumor-selective antigens for solid tumor T-cell engagers.
Behind the veil: Social desirability bias and animal welfare ballot initiatives

Abstract Farm animal welfare (FAW) issues are becoming increasingly political in many countries, as evidenced by the increased use of regulations, legislation, and ballot initiatives. Available empirical evidence however, indicates that consumer valuation of improved animal welfare is low, although positive. As a result of the sensitive nature of FAW issues, public preferences for improved FAW standards can be susceptible to social desirability bias leading to disparities between regulatory standards and the public’s “true” preferences. Given the potential negative impacts of high mandated FAW standards on food costs and the associated consumer and producer welfare losses, this study examined the issue of effective public preference elicitation in animal welfare ballot initiatives. Specifically, we examined social desirability, the tendency to conform to the social norms, and its role in generating overenthusiasm in the support for FAW issues and policy instruments. We used data from an opt-in survey of respondents and compared results of a List Experiments (LE) to a conventional (direct) survey format. Our results show that public support for the FAW issues examined was consistently overestimated when elicited with the conventional survey format. We discuss the implications of these outcomes for animal welfare policy and offer suggestions to researchers and practitioners eliciting preferences in other sensitive food policy contexts.
The effect of writing with computers versus handwriting on the writing achievement of first-graders

The written work of 18 first-grade students of mixed ability was compared under two conditions: word processing with computer writing programs and writing by hand. An intact first-grade classroom alternately used computers and handwriting to produce writing samples over six months of a regular school year. Additionally, event recording of academic engaged behavior was conducted for each different writing condition. Over 750 writing samples, distributed between computer and handwriting conditions, were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Students exhibited significant differences favoring use of computers over handwriting despite no differences observed in off-task behavior. The significance of these results is discussed.
4D flow MRI demonstrates altered aortic hemodynamics in patients with right-left and right-noncoronary bicuspid aortic valve fusion patterns

Background Altered aortic hemodynamics associated with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have been implicated in the development of aortopathy in patients with congenitally altered valves[1]. Most studies have focused on the most common “right-left” bicuspid aortic valve (RL-BAV) fusion pattern [2]. This study assessed the effects of valve morphology on aortic 3D blood flow in cohorts with the most common RL-BAV fusion, less common right-noncoronary (RNC-BAV), and normal trileaflet valves.