cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Land use, scale, and bird distributions in the Phoenix metropolitan area

Abstract Most urban areas have land use maps, but these maps have not been used to explore whether land use categories affect bird distributions. We explored how land use, at 10 different scales, affected the distribution of bird species surveyed in the Phoenix metropolitan area during the breeding season. Based on vegetation cover and built structure, we randomly established 30, 1 km transects located in older residential neighborhoods, younger residential neighborhoods, remnant desert areas, and golf courses. Each transect was divided into five 200 m segments, and we surveyed transects between 1 May and 31 July 1998. From Maricopa Associations of Governments (MAG) land use data, we measured the amount of different land uses surrounding each segment from a small circular buffer, 100 m radius, to a large circular buffer, 2500 m radius. For each buffer area and species, we conducted multiple regressions between average bird counts and percent area represented by each land use category. Across all scales, results demonstrated that only 4 of 26 species had a significant coefficient of multiple determination >0.5 between average bird counts and land use. For most species, these results indicate that land use, as defined by MAG, has limited predictability on the number of birds found in an area. We hypothesize that the structural design of given area (e.g. quantity and types of trees planted) probably plays a primary role in affecting the distribution of most bird species in urban environments. Thus, regardless of land use designation, landscape design and management of an urban area may strongly influence whether an area is attractive to a given bird species.
Searching and Clustering Methodologies Connecting Political Communication Content across Platforms

People create, consume, and share content online in increasingly complex ways, often including multiple news, entertainment, and social media platforms. This article explores methods for tracing political media content across overlapping communication infrastructures. Using the 2011 Occupy Movement protests and 2013 consumer boycotts as cases, we illustrate methods for creating integrated datasets of political event-related social media content by (1) using fixed URLs to link posts across platforms (URL-based integration) and (2) using semiautomated text clustering to identify similar posts across social networking services (thematic integration). These approaches help to reveal biases in the way that we characterize political communication practices that may occur when we focus on a single platform in isolation.
Partitioned multi-indexing: bringing order to social search

To answer search queries on a social network rich with user-generated content, it is desirable to give a higher ranking to content that is closer to the individual issuing the query. Queries occur at nodes in the network, documents are also created by nodes in the same network, and the goal is to find the document that matches the query and is closest in network distance to the node issuing the query. In this paper, we present the "Partitioned Multi-Indexing" scheme, which provides an approximate solution to this problem. With m links in the network, after an offline ~O(m) pre-processing time, our scheme allows for social index operations (i.e., social search queries, as well as insertion and deletion of words into and from a document at any node), all in time ~O(1). Further, our scheme can be implemented on open source distributed streaming systems such as Yahoo! S4 or Twitter's Storm so that every social index operation takes ~O(1) processing time and network queries in the worst case, and just two network queries in the common case where the reverse index corresponding to the query keyword is much smaller than the memory available at any distributed compute node. Building on Das Sarma et al.'s approximate distance oracle, the worst-case approximation ratio of our scheme is ~O(1) for undirected networks. Our simulations on the social network Twitter as well as synthetic networks show that in practice, the approximation ratio is actually close to 1 for both directed and undirected networks. We believe that this work is the first demonstration of the feasibility of social search with real-time text updates at large scales.
Numerical study of double-diffusive convection in a vertical cavity with Soret and Dufour effects by lattice Boltzmann method on GPU

Abstract Double diffusive flow in a cavity has attracted lots of attention due to its importance in many engineering fields such as ocean circulation, crystal growth, pollution transportation in air, metal manufacturing process and so on. When heat and mass transfer occur simultaneously in the double diffusive flow, the fluid flow is not only driven by the temperature gradient but also by the concentration gradient as well. In some cases, the Dufour and Soret effects will play a significant role in the double diffusive flow process. The energy flux created by the concentration gradient is called Dufour effect and the temperature gradient can cause the mass flux which is Soret effect. When taking the Soret and Dufour effects into account, the temperature and concentration equations become coupled with each other. However, the coupling diffusivities matrix can be diagonalized. The coupled system can then be transformed to two uncoupled diffusion–advection equations of two independent species. The temperature and concentration can be obtained by the inverse transformation of these two independent species. As a numerical method developed in the past two decades, lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is powerful in simulating complex heat transfer and fluid mechanics problems. In the current study, a lattice Boltzmann model was developed and implemented for the double-diffusive convection with Soret and Dufour effects. Three distribution functions were used to compute the fluid velocity, specie 1, and specie 2, respectively. Specifically, a rectangular enclosure with horizontal temperature and concentration gradients was investigated. On the other hand, the graphics processing units (GPU) computing becomes popular since the advent of the NVIDIA’s CUDA platform, which includes both hardware components and software programming environment. The developed LBM code was adapted on the CUDA platform to accelerate the computation for parametric studies. The GPU is responsible for the parallel tasks while CPU tackles the sequential steps in the computation. To verify the improvement on computation ability by using GPU, the ratio of the computational time between CPU code and CUDA code is presented by simulating the classical natural convection process in a cavity. The computational speed can be accelerated by more than 20 times when large number of nodes is used. The fluid flow, temperature field and concentration field are presented for different Rayleigh numbers, buoyancy ratios, Prandtl numbers, Lewis numbers, aspect ratios, as well as Soret and Dufour coefficients. In addition, the results of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are shown for different parametric conditions. As a result, lattice Boltzmann method was demonstrated as a good option to study the complex double-diffusive convection with Soret and Dufour effects in a vertical cavity.
Examining Self-Concealment within the Framework of Psychological Inflexibility and Mindfulness: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Investigation

Although self-concealment has been a central topic in the field of personality and applied psychologies, it remains somewhat unclear how it should be conceptualized. The present study investigated self-concealment within the framework of psychological inflexibility and mindfulness, two major emotion/behavior regulation processes integrated into contemporary cognitive behavioral models of behavioral health. One-thousand sixty college undergraduates (77 % female; n = 816) completed a web-based survey that included the measures of interest. Results revealed that psychological inflexibility was positively and uniquely associated with self-concealment. The association between mindfulness and self-concealment was moderated by gender; higher levels of self-concealment predicted lower levels of mindfulness for women only and were associated with sexual-minority men, but self-concealment did not vary for women as a function of sexual orientation status. Additional results and future directions are also discussed.
Manifesto for the Radical Middle

This article advocates an active, concerted strategy for staking out the middle ground in environmental policy. The middle ground - the domain of "middle of the roaders" - has conventionally been defined by compromise, and as a result lacks any defining content and principles. I propose an aggressive middle that uses enriched sources of information, agency professional judgment, and transparent adaptive management as its components.
Pressure and disenchantment in physicians—Part I: Developing an approach to reconnect with what is noble about medicine

Physicians are faced with many stressors today that place them at risk of disenchantment, depression, and burnout. Although this is costly to the individual physician, it is equally costly to society, because physician stress can lead to exercise of poor judgment and medical errors. It also threatens to exacerbate physician shortages, as more physicians opt to retire or, in some cases, change careers altogether. In this essay, suggestions are made as to how to deal with these stressors that, if used, can ameliorate them at least to some degree. In a companion essay, a Chinese spiritual text, the Tao Te Ching, will be explored in depth as yet another tool that physicians can use as a guide for living with less stress.
Opiate Addiction: A Critique of Theory and Some Implications for Treatment

Various theories of opiate addiction are explored and assessed. Emphasis is placed on the special problems that narcotic addicts have with aggression and the use addicts make of opiates to relieve ...
On individualized teaching mode of college English

College English is a course with strong practicability.Traditional knowledge teaching can not meet the demand of tal- ents in society.Individualized teaching mode discussed in this paper can flexibly adjust teaching according to students'compre- hensive condition,can combine knowledge structure with thinking methods of students(combine knowledge with ability)in the implementation of the teaching method,and can make up for the deficiency of traditional education mode in operation mecha-
Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy continues to be an important tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease. This article reviews the history, technology, methodology, applications, and complications of this diagnostic tool.
Photon transport and intensity fluctuation spectra of diffuse light in dense, binary complex fluids

The fluctuation and transport properties of multiply scattered light in dense random media represent an important class of problems that has the potential to provide new information in several fields.1-5 The development and application of diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS), for example, has improved our understanding of Brownian dynamics in dense monodisperse colloids. Because many polydisperse systems exist in nature, it is highly desirable to extend our understanding of these phenomena to more complex media.
Natural rights, popular sovereignty, and covenant politics: Johannes Althusius and the Dutch Revolt and Republic

[I]n accordance with the law of nature and in order to preserve and defend ourselves and our fellow-countrymen, our rights, the privileges and ancient customs and the freedom of our fatherland, and the life and honor of our wives, children, and posterity, so that we may not become the Spaniard's slaves, and forsaking the King of Spain with good right, we have been compelled to devise and practice other means which seem to provide better for the greater safety and preservation of our aforesaid rights, privileges, and liberties. Dutch Act of Abjuration (1581) THE DUTCH REVOLT With these words, the Estates General of the Netherlands declared to the world that Philip II, King of Spain, Duke of Burgundy, and Lord of the Netherlands, was a tyrant whom they could no longer obey. The Act of Abjuration recited the familiar Calvinist resistance arguments. “The prince of a country is established by God as his subjects' sovereign in order to defend and protect them against all injury, force, and violence, just as a shepherd's duty is to keep his sheep safe.” He is established “for his subjects' sake,” and must “govern them by law and reason and to protect and love them as a father does his children.” The Dutch provinces and people have always accepted “their princes and lords under [these] set conditions.”
A Brief History of Biocontainment

The concept of clinical biocontainment, otherwise known as high-level containment care (HLCC), had its birth among a confluence of near-simultaneous events in 1969. The U.S. Army's Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) began construction of the first modern biocontainment unit that year, and opened the two-bed facility, often referred to as "the Slammer" in 1971. Over its 41-year existence, 21 persons exposed to highly hazardous infectious diseases were admitted to the Slammer, but none ever contracted the disease to which they had been exposed. Owing, in part, to this underutilization, some questioned the utility of HLCC units. This concern notwithstanding, Emory University and the University of Nebraska opened HLCC units in civilian academic medical centers in 2004 and 2005, respectively. These units, distinct from conventional infectious disease isolation wards found in most major medical centers, proved their worth during the West African Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014-2015. It is our opinion that such units, as well as the parallel high-level containment transport systems necessary to move patients to them, will continue to play an important role in the global response to emerging and highly hazardous contagious pathogens. Moreover, we feel that the lessons derived from their successful operation will lead to improvements in infection control procedures and practices throughout the healthcare system.
The Current Landscape of Teaching Analytics to Business Students at Institutions of Higher Education: Who is Teaching What?

ABSTRACTBusiness analytics continues to become increasingly important in business and therefore in business education. We surveyed faculty who teach statistics or whose institutions offer statistics to business students and conducted web searches of business analytics and data science programs that are offered by these faculties associated with schools of business. The intent of the survey and web searches was to gain insight on the current landscape of business analytics and how it may work synergistically with data science at institutions of higher education, as well as inform the role that statistics education plays in the era of big data. The study presents an analysis of subject areas (Statistics, Operations Research, Management Information Systems, Data Analytics, and Soft Skills) covered in courses offered by institutions with undergraduate degrees in business analytics or data science influencing statistics taught to business students. Given the notable contribution of statistics to the study of b...
Optimal Spatial-Dynamic Management of Stochastic Species Invasions

Recent analyses demonstrate that the spatial–temporal behavior of invasive species requires optimal management decisions over space and time. From a spatial perspective, this bioeconomic optimization model broadens away from invasive species spread at a frontier or to neighbors by examining short and long-distance dispersal, directionality in spread, and network geometry. In terms of uncertainty and dynamics, this framework incorporates several sources of stochasticity, decisions with multi-year implications, and temporal ecological processes. This paper employs a unique Markov decision process planning algorithm and a Monte Carlo simulation of the stochastic system to explore the spatial-dynamic optimal policy for a river network facing a bioinvasion, with Tamarisk as an example. In addition to exploring the spatial, stochastic, and dynamic aspects of management of invasions, the results demonstrate how the interaction of spatial and multi-period processes contributes to finding the optimal policy. Those interactions prove critical in determining the right management tool, in the right location, at the right time, which informs the management implications drawn from simpler frameworks. In particular, as compared to other modeling framework’s policy prescriptions, the framework here finds more use of the management tool restoration and more management in highly connected locations, which leads to a less invaded system over time.
Abstract 5707: STAT3 and STAT5a are potential therapeutic targets in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Background: Currently, there is no effective pharmacotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The mechanisms underlying mCRPC are not clearly understood, thus hindering rational-based drug design. Evidence suggests that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and 5a/b (STAT5a/b), key components of the JAK/STAT pathway, play a significant role in aggressive PC. However, expression of STAT3/5 in prostate tumor samples have not been studied. Here, we evaluated the possible role of STAT3/5a in aggressive PC. Materials and Methods: Expression of STAT3 and STAT5a in high grade PC (HGPC, n=15) and in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n=15) tissue sections were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) according to the protocol approved by Institutional Review Board. Age ranged from 59 to 95 years (median = 81) in the former and 57 years to 86 years (median = 68 years) in the latter category. In addition, the effects of STAT inhibitor, Pimozide, on androgen-sensitive LNCaP and its castration-resistant subline C4-2 PC cell growth were assessed in vitro. Results: A strong nuclear immunoreactivity for STAT3 and STAT5a in 93% (n=14) and 80% (n=12) of HGPC cases, respectively, were observed. Only one BPH case showed strong STAT3 expression. Focal and weak positivity for STAT3 and STAT5a were noted in 47% (n=7) and 67% (n=10) of BPH cases. None of the BPH cases showed strong STAT5a expression. HGPC cases showed significantly higher STAT3 positivity compared with BPH (p=0.01). No significant differences were observed for STAT5a expression between HGPC and BPH group (p=0.4). However, multifocal or diffuse and strong STAT3 (p Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that increased expression of STAT3 and STAT5a may serve as a predictive biomarker for efficacy of the JAK/STAT targeted therapy. Since JAK/STAT and androgen receptor signaling are functionally synergistic in contributing PC progression, the inhibition of JAK/STAT-alone or in combination with AR may lead to a novel treatment modality for mCRPC. Citation Format: Sambit K. Mohanty, Kader Yagiz, Luthringer Luthringer, Mahul B. Amin, Serhan Alkan, Bekir Cinar. STAT3 and STAT5a are potential therapeutic targets in castration-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5707. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5707
Single-crystal equations of state of magnesiowüstite at high pressures

Solid solutions of (Mg,Fe)O with high iron enrichment may be an important component of ultralow-velocity zones at Earth’s core-mantle boundary. However, to date there have been few high-precision studies on the elastic properties of these materials. In this study we present results on the compression of (Mg_(0.22)Fe_(0.78))O magnesiowustite in both neon and helium pressure media using single-crystal diffraction to ~55 GPa. In addition, our sample was characterized by time-domain synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy at ambient pressure using an extended time range that resulted in vastly improved energy resolution. The combination of these high-resolution techniques tightly constrains the presence of a defect-structure component at room pressure due to 4.7 mol% tetrahedrally coordinated ferric iron, resulting in a renormalized composition of (Mg_(0.215)Fe_(0.762)□_(0.023))O. Both high-pressure diffraction data sets are well described by a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The best fit-parameters for a crystal with cubic structure in helium are K_(0T) = 148(3) GPa, K′_(0T) = 4.09(12), and V0 = 78.87(6) A^3. Increasing differential stress in the neon-containing sample chamber was correlated with increasing apparent distortion of the initially cubic unit cell, requiring a lower-symmetry hexagonal cell to fit the data above ~20 GPa. For fit equations of state, we determine the pressure-dependent correlation ellipses for the equation of state parameters and compare with previously published single-crystal diffraction data from (Mg,Fe)O crystals in a helium medium. We make two main observations from the data sets using a helium pressure medium: K_(0T) decreases as a function of increasing iron content from periclase to wustite and K′_(0T) is consistent with an approximately constant value of 4.0 that is independent of iron content, at least up to the iron concentration measured here. In combination with previously reported thermal parameters, we compute the density of magnesiowustite with this composition at core-mantle boundary conditions and discuss the implications.
Tape Ball Grid Array

TAPE Ball Grid Array (TBGA) packages are a family of electronic chip carriers that utilize circuitized flex (tape) as the die carrier mounted to a printed circuit card or board. Previously this family of packages has been referred to by several designations, among them: Area Array Tape Automated Bonding (ATAB) [1], Tape Ball Grid Array (TBGA) [2], fleXBGA1 [3], Wire Bond TBGA (WB TBGA) [4], Signetics TBGA (S-TBGA) [5], Flex TBGA (FTBGA) [6], Star BGA [7]. TBGA is by far the most popular acronym utilized for this family of packages and adopted by the Joint Electronic Device Engineering Council of the Electronic Industry Association (JEDEC) for its standard package outlines [8]. Since the chip carrier is circuitized flex, it has been suggested that these packages more appropriately be referred to as Flex BGAs (FBGA) [9]. Since the standards refer to this package family as TBGAs, the terminology is adopted for this chapter.
Lessons for Science Communicators: Assumptions and Assessment

The results and discussions in Chaps. 1, 2, 3 and 4 detailed the public understanding of nanotechnologies, their discussions, and their responses to various speakers in public engagement events. While these are useful and important insights with implications for future public communication, engagement events, and potential regulation of nanotechnologies, these events and the data we gathered from them also offer guidance for science communicators and public engagement practitioners. This chapter provides that practical guidance in a brief, straightforward way, using both details from the 11 public engagement events in this study and previous research on effective science communication and public engagement with science.
Tendon healing affects the multiscale mechanical, structural and compositional response of tendon to quasi-static tensile loading.

Tendon experiences a variety of multiscale changes to its extracellular matrix during mechanical loading at the fascicle, fibre and fibril levels. For example, tensile loading of tendon increases its stiffness, with organization of collagen fibres, and increases cell strain in the direction of loading. Although applied macroscale strains correlate to cell and nuclear strains in uninjured tendon, the multiscale response during tendon healing remains unknown and may affect cell mechanosensing and response. Therefore, this study evaluated multiscale structure–function mechanisms in response to quasi-static tensile loading in uninjured and healing tendons. We found that tendon healing affected the macroscale mechanical and structural response to mechanical loading, evidenced by decreases in strain stiffening and collagen fibre realignment. At the micro- and nanoscales, healing resulted in increased collagen fibre disorganization, nuclear disorganization, decreased change in nuclear aspect ratio with loading, and decreased indentation modulus compared to uninjured tendons. Taken together, this work supports a new concept of nuclear strain transfer attenuation during tendon healing and identifies several multiscale properties that may contribute. Our work also provides benchmarks for the biomechanical microenvironments that tendon cells may experience following cell delivery therapies.
How Unpleasant: The Role of Unpleasant Emotions in the Workplace

This symposium showcases recent research on discrete unpleasant emotions, with a particular focus on how these emotions emerge in the workplace and effect organizational processes. Our five papers ...
Finding the Balance of Letting Residents Operate While Managing Patient Safety

If you accept a job as a surgical attending at an academic center or affiliated teaching hospital, you will likely be responsible for teaching residents and fellows. This can be a very daunting yet rewarding experience. Take a few minutes to reflect on all of the attending surgeons that trained you and remember that your primary goal will always be patient safety. There will be many other factors that play a role in how much resident participation you are comfortable with in the operating room.
Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Genotype–Phenotype Identification

The integration of phenotypes and genotypes is at an unprecedented level and offers new opportunities to establish deep phenotypes. There are a number of challenges to overcome, specifically, accelerated growth of data, data silos, incompleteness, inaccuracies, and heterogeneity within and across data sources. This perspective report discusses artificial intelligence (AI) approaches that hold promise in addressing these challenges by automating computable phenotypes and integrating them with genotypes. Collaborations between biomedical and AI researchers will be highlighted in order to describe initial successes with an eye toward the future.
Racist Like Me — A Call to Self-Reflection and Action for White Physicians

Racist Like Me I am racist, shaped by the sometimes subtle tendrils of white supremacy deeply embedded in our culture. I mean this not as a sanctimonious admission of guilt, but as a call to self-r...
Beam combinable, kilowatt all-fiber amplifiers for directed energy

In this chapter, several beam combining architectures suitable for DE applications have been reported, and are divided into two distinct categories: incoherent beam combination (IBC) and coherent beam combination (CBC). The purpose of each method is to increase the far field intensity when brightness and power of a single fiber amplifier is limited. In IBC, an array of fiber lasers is superimposed in the far field without control of the relative spectra or phases of the different fibers. No brightness enhancement is obtained from this method, limiting the maximum intensity in the far field. Although such beam combining has been successfully demonstrated by the Navy [5], this approach is limited to propagation ranges on the order of a few kilometers. In spectral beam combining (SBC), a separate class of IBC, incoherent beams of different wavelengths are spatially overlapped to create a single output beam of multiple colors. The brightness of the propagating beam can be increased at the cost of increased spectral bandwidth. Similarly, SBC has the advantage of not requiring active phase control or mutual temporal coherence of the individual beams. Alternatively, coherent beam combining (CBC) schemes require proper phase, frequency, and polarization relationships for efficient beam combination. Overall, due to their brightness enhancements, for longer range and higher power/ intensity DE applications, SBC and CBC are potentially more appealing.
MR Imaging of the Rotator Cuff

The cause of rotator cuff tears is multifactorial with both intrinsic and extrinsic contributing factors. Understanding the normal MR anatomy of the rotator cuff and using an appropriate search pattern can help readers identify common pathologic conditions. Accurate designation using classification systems for tear thickness, size, and degree of retraction and muscle fatty infiltration and atrophy are important in guiding surgical management. Knowledge of common disease locations for the rotator cuff tendons can help focus reader searches and increase sensitivity.
Risk Factors and Effect of Acute Kidney Injury on Outcomes Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Development of acute kidney injury (AKI) following primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a potentially avoidable complication associated with negative outcomes including discharge to facilities and mortality. Few studies have identified modifiable risk factors or strategies that the surgeon may use to reduce this risk. Methods We identified all patients undergoing primary TJA at a single hospital from 2005 to 2017, and collected patient demographics, comorbidities, short-term outcomes, as well as perioperative laboratory results. We defined AKI as an increase in creatinine levels by 50% or 0.3 points. We compared demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes between patients who developed AKI and those who did not. Multivariate regressions identified the independent effect of AKI on outcomes. A stochastic gradient boosting model was constructed to predict AKI. Results In total, 814 (3.9%) of 20,800 patients developed AKI. AKI independently increased length of stay by 0.26 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14-0.38, P Conclusion Our results confirm that AKI has adverse effects on outcome metrics including length of stay, discharge, and complications. Although many risk factors are nonmodifiable, maintaining adequate renal perfusion through optimizing preoperative hemoglobin, sufficient fluid resuscitation, and reducing blood loss, such as through the use of tranexamic acid, may aid in mitigating this risk.
Nutrient Capture from Aqueous Waste and Photocontrolled Fertilizer Delivery to Tomato Plants Using Fe(III)–Polysaccharide Hydrogels

Inexpensive and sustainable methods are needed to reclaim nutrients from agricultural waste solutions for use as a fertilizer while decreasing nutrient runoff. Fe(III)–polysaccharide hydrogels are ...
Defending the Ivory Tower: Toward Critical Community Engagement

FALL 2012 106 that represents society. Those who study the beast would not fail to learn its moods and preferences, and would proudly call their new knowledge a (social) science. These scholars of the social beast, then, would have learned to predict and accommodate all of the animal’s appetites, but “would not really know which of the creature’s tastes and desires was admirable or shameful, good or bad, right or wrong.” An important part of critical thinking, as political philosophers understand it, is developing the ability to reason when faced with the powerful forces of community and convention; it is the capacity to question, which needs, habits, and norms of the community are right and which are wrong. Critical thinking, thereIam often aware of a certain discord between the theme of my first-year seminar in critical thinking and its linked co-curriculum in community-based learning. The antagonism between our objectives becomes apparent early on, when Plato’s Republic cautions students against their own fellow citizens who, “give a complete training to young and old, men and women, turning them into just the sort of people they want.” The more often a young person interacts with his community, Plato fears, the more likely he is to be “swamped by the flood of popular praise and blame, and carried away with the stream till [sic] he finds himself agreeing with the popular idea of what is admirable or disgraceful, behaving like the crowd and becoming one of them.” Plato offers the analogy of the great beast, a “large and powerful animal” Defending the Ivory Tower: Toward Critical Community Engagement
PI1M: A Benchmark Database for Polymer Informatics

Open-source data on large scale are the cornerstones for data-driven research, but they are not readily available for polymers. In this work, we build a benchmark database, called PI1M (referring to ∼1 million polymers for polymer informatics), to provide data resources that can be used for machine learning research in polymer informatics. A generative model is trained on ∼12 000 polymers manually collected from the largest existing polymer database PolyInfo, and then the model is used to generate ∼1 million polymers. A new representation for polymers, polymer embedding (PE), is introduced, which is then used to perform several polymer informatics regression tasks for density, glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and dielectric constants. By comparing the PE trained by the PolyInfo data and that by the PI1M data, we conclude that the PI1M database covers similar chemical space as PolyInfo, but significantly populate regions where PolyInfo data are sparse. We believe that PI1M will serve as a good benchmark database for future research in polymer informatics.
Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Polyps Resected Using Underwater Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (UEMR) Compared to Conventional Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (CEMR).

Objective Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is reported to be superior to conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (CMER) for the complete resection of large polyps and may offer increased procedural efficiency. Aims To compare recurrence rates and adverse events between UEMR and CEMR and define risk factors related to recurrence. Also, to assess recurrence rates in piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) based on the number of pieces resected. Methods We identified all patients with large polyps treated using the UEMR technique at Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017 with follow-up through October of 2018. We matched the UEMR patients with patients treated using the CEMR technique (1:2 matching, respectively). The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate the cumulative risks of polyp recurrence. The Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to assess risk factors for developing polyp recurrence. Results Sixty-eight patients (mean age: 63.4 ± 12.5 years; 52.9% males) with polyps removed using the UEMR technique (Group 1) were matched with 122 patients (mean age: 64.4 ± 10.0 years; 51.6% males) who had polyps removed using CEMR (Group 2). Polyps resected in fewer pieces (≤ 3) had lower recurrence rates compared to the ones resected in >3 pieces. Right colon polyps removed using UEMR had a lower recurrence rate compared to right colon polyps resected using CEMR. Polyp size and a high degree of dysplasia were associated with a high risk of polyp recurrence after resection. Completing advanced endoscopy training was also associated with a lower risk of recurrence. Conclusion UEMR had a lower recurrence rate compared with CEMR for right colon polyps. Factors associated with recurrence included the degree of training, high-grade dysplasia, and polyp size.
Mesolimbic dopamine adapts the rate of learning from errors in performance

Recent success in training artificial agents and robots derives from a combination of direct learning of behavioral policies and indirect learning via value functions. Policy learning and value learning employ distinct algorithms that depend upon evaluation of errors in performance and reward prediction errors, respectively. In animals, behavioral learning and the role of mesolimbic dopamine signaling have been extensively evaluated with respect to reward prediction errors; however, to date there has been little consideration of how direct policy learning might inform our understanding. Here we used a comprehensive dataset of orofacial and body movements to reveal how behavioral policies evolve as naive, head-restrained mice learned a trace conditioning paradigm. Simultaneous multi-regional measurement of dopamine activity revealed that individual differences in initial reward responses robustly predicted behavioral policy hundreds of trials later, but not variation in reward prediction error encoding. These observations were remarkably well matched to the predictions of a neural network based model of behavioral policy learning. This work provides strong evidence that phasic dopamine activity regulates policy learning from performance errors in addition to its roles in value learning and further expands the explanatory power of reinforcement learning models for animal learning.
Efficient Bandwidth in Multimedia Distribution Networks with Guaranteed Quality of Service

In spite of predictions to the contrary, video on demand service has yet to be-come a significant channel for distribution of audiovisual entertainment to consumers’ homes. The main reason for the delay in development in this market can be attributed to a lack of cost-efficient distribution channels for this type of transmissions. In this work, we examine the quality of service requirements for delivery of video on demand services and develop a new measure of bandwidth requirements for this type of network transmissions. A limited simulation experiment is performed with which we derive the overlay bandwidth requirements for a single movie stream viewed simultaneously by multiple consumers with randomly distributed starting times. We conclude that video on demand service can be offered at reasonable quality of service with relatively modest overlay network transmission capacity requirements.
Aggression: Methods for Systematic Study

Down through the ages, philosophers, poets, theologians, novelists, and others have grappled repeatedly with the puzzle of human violence. What is its nature? Why does it occur? What factors influence its form and direction? These and many related questions have been the subject of continued, careful attention. Unfortunately, attempts by such scholars to unravel the nature of aggressive behavior were based largely upon informal observation and rational speculation. As a result, they often made intriguing reading but failed to provide anything remotely approaching definitive answers to the important questions discussed.
DICOM and Teleradiology

When PACS started gaining popularity in the late 1990s, they instantly proved a very important concept: there is no limit on how far computer networks can transfer digital data. Surprisingly, it took several years to realize that this concept could become a powerful tool in rebuilding the entire medical workflow. For too long, PACS users, developers, and administrators were much more preoccupied with imaging rather than networking. As a result, the road to making medicine truly tele, or distance-independent, took a few interesting turns before returning to the PACS domain. Its history is worth a quick review.
Clock generation and distribution for the 130-nm Itanium/sup /spl reg// 2 processor with 6-MB on-die L3 cache

The clock generation and distribution system for the 130-nm Itanium 2 processor operates at 1.5 GHz with a skew of 24 ps. The Itanium 2 processor features 6 MB of on-die L3 cache and has a die size of 374 mm/sup 2/. Fuse-based clock de-skew enables post-silicon clock optimization to gain higher frequency. This paper describes the clock generation, global clock distribution, local clocking, and the clock skew optimization feature.
A parabolic function to modify Thornthwaite estimates of potential evapotranspiration for the eastern United States

The Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration model is well known and widely used, but has received some criticism as it is primarily based on air temperature to estimate potential evapotranspiration. Errors of the Thornthwaite model can be analyzed using adjusted pan evaporation as an index of potential evapotranspiration. An examination of ratios of adjusted pan evaporation to Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration indicates that the ratios are highest in the winter and lowest during summer months. This trend suggests a parabolic pattern. In this study a parabolic function is used to adjust Thornthwaite estimates of potential evapotranspiration. Forty locations east of the Rocky Mountains are analyzed and indicate that a parabolic adjustment of Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration estimates generally increases correlation with adjusted pan evaporation and decreases error by 20 to 70 percent. [Key words: potential evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, Thornthwaite.]
Young Adult Daughters of Lesbian Mothers Speak: A Qualitative Study on Identity Formation

This projected explored the experiences of seven young women, ranging in age from 20 to 28 years, raised by lesbian parents. Interview participants were asked about what their perceived core aspects of their current adult identities and the aspects in their upbringing/childhood they believed helped to shape their identities. Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory was used to cull salient themes. Four particular core identity aspects emerged: identity as a person open to differences, as a values-centered person, as a strong person, and identity as an advocate. Interviewees also linked these identity constructs to experiences with parents, and their extended social environment. Implications for clinicians working with lesbian parenting dyads, lesbian adoptive parents, or with children of lesbian households are presented. The positive identity constructs presented by these interviewees suggests secure and health upbringing for children of lesbian parents.
A review of web-based weight loss interventions in adults

Unprecedented obesity rates are changing the burden of disease worldwide and obesity-related health complications are increasing healthcare costs. In response, researchers, clinicians and public health practitioners are seeking new and effective tools such as the Internet to effect weight loss. This review highlights peer-reviewed literature on randomized controlled trials that examine Internet-delivered weight loss and maintenance programmes. The scope of this review is broader than previous reviews, including more males and non-Caucasian participants. The reviewed studies show intervention results ranging from no weight loss to an average loss of 7.6 kg. It is difficult to draw a definitive conclusion on the potential impact of Internet-based weight loss as study methods are highly variable between papers, low adherence was recorded and not all studies include a control group. As the demand for low-cost, efficacious interventions that yield statistically significant and/or clinically relevant results grows, more rigorous, population-specific research is needed to determine if Internet-delivered interventions may slow or reverse with weight gain and obesity and the associated health consequences.
Chapter 24 Subcellular Heterogeneity of Energy Metabolism and KATP Current Oscillation in Cardiac Myocytes

Publisher Summary Modern molecular techniques have given biologist the opportunity to deconstruct the most complicated systems of the cell into component proteins that can be studied with unprecedented biophysical detail. A well-studied biochemical system that has spurred theoretical consideration of periodic phenomena in biological systems is the oscillation of energy metabolism in yeast. Oscillations in energy metabolism occur in cardiac myocytes deprived of exogenous substrates. The oscillations could be detected by following changes in the fluorescence of cellular NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Periods of suppressed energy metabolism were indicated by oxidation of NADH and were closely associated with activation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ (KATP) currents in the cardiac sarcolemma. A dependence on the external glucose concentration suggested that glycolytic oscillations, known to occur in cardiac cytoplasmic extracts, could be involved in the phenomenon. In addition to the oscillations in KATP current and excitation-contraction coupling, it was clear that mitochondrial function also oscillated under these conditions, because the NADH signal arises primarily from the mitochondrial matrix.
Measurement of the Stark shift within the 6 P 1 / 2 − 7 S 1 / 2 378-nm transition in atomic thallium

Using a thallium atomic beam apparatus and a stabilized, frequency-doubled diode laser system, we have measured the scalar Stark shift in the ${6P}_{1/2}\ensuremath{-}{7S}_{1/2}$ transition of thallium. We determine the Stark shift to be $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{S}=\ensuremath{-}103.23(39)\mathrm{kHz}/(\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{cm}{)}^{2},$ providing more than an order of magnitude improvement in precision over earlier measurements of this quantity. This measurement serves as a stringent test of recently published thallium parity nonconservation calculations.
How good is your calibration? A post-mortem examination and recalibration

Summary form only given. It is pointed out that the standard network analyzer calibration procedure suffers from several drawbacks. The test patterns, for instance, often reside on a wafer different from that being tested. The normal procedure is to measure only a single set of calibration patterns instead of collecting a statistically significant sample spanning the wafer. Wafer thickness uniformity, for example, affects the coplanar to microstrip launch discontinuity, which impacts the quality of the calibration. The parasitic probe-to-probe capacitances also differ between the calibration and test setups. Rather than propose solutions to these and other calibration issues, the authors examine the statistical quality of measurements after calibration and test. Reciprocity and symmetry are examined for several hundred passive components from a special test wafer. The frequency-dependent deviations from perfect reciprocity and symmetry are used to evaluate the quality of the original calibration. It is shown how this information can be used to recenter the calibration and quantify the intrinsic frequency degradation. >
Chemically Hardened Glassware A Contaminant in Lithium Analyses

A source of error in lithium determinations from commonly used chemically hardened glassware is described. This contaminating source may contribute up to a thirty-fold error, depending on the levels being analyzed.
Double or nothing: A Drosophila Mutation Affecting Meiotic Chromosome Segregation in Both Females and Males

We describe a Drosophila mutation, Double or nothing (Dub), that causes meiotic nondisjunction in a conditional, dominant manner. Previously isolated mutations in Drosophila specifically affect meiosis either in females or males, with the exception of the mei-S332 and ord genes which are required for proper sister-chromatid cohesion. Dub is unusual in that it causes aberrant chromosome segregation almost exclusively in meiosis I in both sexes. In Dub mutant females both nonexchange and exchange chromosomes undergo nondisjunction, but the effect of Dub on nonexchange chromosomes is more pronounced. Dub reduces recombination levels slightly. Multiple nondisjoined chromosomes frequently cosegregate to the same pole. Dub results in nondisjunction of all chromosomes in meiosis I of males, although the levels are lower than in females. When homozygous, Dub is a conditional lethal allele and exhibits phenotypes consistent with cell death.
Chromatographic separation of horseradish peroxidase isozymes from commercial preparations

Abstract Chromatographic methods developed by Paul and Shannon and co-workers for separating individual isozymes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) have been verified for highly purified but heterogeneous commercial preparations of the enzyme. Chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose (pH 4·4) reveals that both the Worthington and Calbiochem purification procedures remove the more acidic HRP isozymes present in extracts of horseradish roots.