cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case series supporting heme detoxification via therapeutic plasma exchange in acute multiorgan failure syndrome resistant to red blood cell exchange in sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND Depletion of haptoglobin (Hp) and hemopexin (Hx) with increase in free hemoglobin and heme are important etiologies of vaso-occlusive complications in sickle cell disease (SCD). This study is the first to show an association between clinical improvement in SCD and repletion of Hp and Hx by therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) using plasma replacement. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Thirteen fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) units derived from consecutive whole blood donations were thawed at 37°C after 10 months of storage; Hp and Hx concentrations immediately postthaw and after 5 days of refrigerated storage were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All SCD patients presenting to a single institution over a 2-year period with acute multiorgan failure syndrome resistant to red blood cell exchange (RCE) were treated with TPE with FFP replacement; concentrations of Hp, Hx, and heme were evaluated before and after TPE by ELISA. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of Hp and Hx decreased approximately 20% (p ≤ 0.002) after 5 days of refrigerated storage. Significant mean fold increases after TPE of 10 for Hp (p < 0.005) and seven for Hx (p < 0.003) and a 30% mean decrease in heme concentrations (p = 0.07) were noted in association with clinical improvement (three patients), whereas minimal increases in Hp and Hx were associated with continued clinical deterioration in one patient. CONCLUSION Fresh-frozen plasma rather than thawed plasma is optimal for Hp and Hx replacement. Patient data are consistent with Hp and Hx increases via TPE limiting clinical toxicity of worsened hemolysis associated with severe vaso-occlusive complications refractory to RCE in SCD.
The Mediterranean Is Armenian

This chapter reviews the contributions to the volume with reference to parallel scholarship in Mediterranean Studies (Braudel, Horden and Purcell), critical geography (Doreen Massey) and psychogeography (Guy Debord). It argues that—unlike most scholarship in Mediterranean Studies—the chapters in the volume take as their point of departure not the geography of the Mediterranean, but a population and a culture. By diverting focus from geography to culture, these chapters suggest an exciting new directly in scholarship on the Mediterranean.
A viagen do elefante, reescritura poscolonial de José Saramago

The objective of the present article is to analyze the strategies used by the narrator of Jose Saramago ‘s A viagem do elefante, published in 1998 and thus to propose an interpretation that explains the purpose that these strategies fulfill within the novel. The story deals with a minor fact in the history of Portugal and Austria, in which individuals from different cultures interact with each other. The resources used in this analysis are both the re-reading and rewriting of the historical event, as well as the metadiscursive reflection of the narrative voice, which comments on the consequences of such encounter. We consider that the strategies used by the narrator, when reflecting on the exchange produced by the contact of different cultures, seek to unveil the hegemony imposed on colonized individuals with gestures that deny their dignity. A viagem do elefante is studied from the Machado and Pageaux (2001) theory to carry out a comparative analysis, and the Bonnici (2012) studies to address the relationship between literature and postcolonialism.
Investigation on Phase Stability of AlxCo0.2Cr0.2Ni0.2Ti0.4 − x High Entropy Alloys

Phase stability of AlxCo0.2Cr0.2Ni0.2Ti0.4 − x (x = 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3, in mole fraction) high entropy alloys (HEAs) in both as-cast and as-annealed states is studied through thermodynamic calculations and experimental characterization. Both disordered bcc_A2 and ordered bcc_B2 phases are observed in the as-cast alloys and exhibit rather high stability with slow diffusion kinetics during post-annealing. Influences of Al/Ti content ratio on lattice constant, phase stability and hardness are discussed through comparison between computation and experiments. It is found that higher Al/Ti ratio stabilizes phases dramatically for both bcc_A2 and bcc_B2 phases, which are observed in all three as-cast AlxCo0.2Cr0.2Ni0.2Ti0.4 − x HEAs. The comparison between calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) model prediction and experimental results indicates a promising approach to design HEAs by applying the CALPHAD database. Moreover, the current CALPHAD database still needs to be further improved for a reliable parametric design of alloy composition and post-heat treatment.
Peripheral Nervous System Myelin Properties and Metabolism

Available knowledge about peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin has increased considerably since the first edition of the Handbook of Neurochemistry. At that time, CNS myelin was a subject of intense investigation in regard to both composition and metabolism, but very few laboratories had isolated peripheral nervous system myelin, and only the lipid composition had been measured. In this edition of the Handbook, aspects of PNS myelin and its pathology are a major subject of a number of chapters including those on the Schwann cell, peripheral nerve, nerve regeneration, Wallerian degeneration, and allergic neuritis. The interested reader may also refer to a chapter on CNS myelin for comparison of the characteristics and metabolism of CNS and PNS myelin.
Optimal Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Restless Bandit Model

This paper seeks an efficient way to screen a population of patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma when (1) each patient’s disease evolves stochastically and (2) there are limited screening ...
Association of overall survival with weight gain during treatment, initial body mass index (BMI), and glucose intolerance (GI) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

e19033 Background: Weight gain on therapy has a favorable prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer though elevated BMI correltates with inferior outcomes in malignancies such as breast, colon, and e...
Photo-disassembly of membrane microdomains revives a broad spectrum of antibiotics against MRSA persisters (Conference Presentation)

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the presence of bacterial persisters increasingly challenge the successful treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections, and thus poses a great threat to the global health. Here, we present a photonic approach to revive a broad spectrum of antibiotics for eradication of MRSA persisters via photo-disassembly of functional membrane microdomains. Membrane microdomains on MRSA cells are enriched in staphyloxanthin-derived lipids as constituent lipids with co-localized and oligomerized multimeric protein complexes including PBP2a to execute various cellular processes and cell virulence. We demonstrated that the membrane-bound staphyloxinthin is prone to photobleaching by blue light due to triplet-triplet annihilation and thus compromises the membrane integrity. Using high-intensity 460 nm pulsed laser (wide-field illumination, dosage far below human safety limit), we achieved strikingly high staphyloxanthin bleaching efficiency and depth when compared to low-level light sources (quantified by resonance Raman spectroscopy). More importantly, such efficient and selective photolysis of constituent lipids leads to catastrophic disassembly of membrane microdomains, yielding highly compromised cell membrane with nanometer-scale pores created and PBP2a unanchored from cell membrane or dispersed (proved and quantified by immunofluorescence, fluorescence assay, confocal, super-resolution imaging, and Western blotting). The disruption renders MRSA persisters highly traumatized, thus no longer in dormant state (verified by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy). Consequently, cells with compromised membrane are found highly susceptible to a broad spectrum of antibiotics: beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporins, due to PBP2a disassembly; antibiotics that inhibit intracellular activities enabled by effective diffusion via nanometer-scale pores, such as quinolones, aminoglycosides and sulfonamides. These synergistic therapies are validated both in vitro and in clinically relative models including biofilm and mice skin infection model. Collective, our findings unveil the underlying mechanism of photo-disassembly of MRSA membrane microdomains and highlight this photonic approach as a novel platform to revive a broad spectrum of conventional antibiotics and guide the development of new antibiotics for treatment of MRSA infections.
NRF2 activation with Protandim attenuates salt-induced vascular dysfunction and microvascular rarefaction.

Hypothesis This study tested the hypothesis that dietary activation of the master antioxidant and cell protective transcription factor nuclear factor, erythroid -2-like 2 (NRF2), protects against salt-induced vascular dysfunction by restoring redox homeostasis in the vasculature. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats and Syrian hamsters were fed a HS (4.0% NaCl) diet containing ~60 mg/kg/day Protandim supplement for 2 weeks and compared to controls fed HS diet alone. Results Protandim supplementation restoredendothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) in middle cerebral arteries (MCA)of HS-fed rats and hamster cheek pouch arterioles, and increased microvessel density in the cremastermuscle of HS-fed rats. The restored dilation to ACh in MCA of Protandim-treated rats was prevented by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with L-NAME [100 μM] and was absent in MCA from Nrf2(-/-) knockout rats fed HS diet. Basilar arteries from HS-fed rats treated with Protandim exhibited significantly lower staining for mitochondrial oxidizing species than untreated animals fed HS diet alone; and Protandim treatment increased MnSOD (SOD2) protein expression in mesenteric arteries of HS-fed rats. Conclusions These results suggest that dietary activation of NRF2 protects against salt-induced vascular dysfunction, vascular oxidative stress, and microvascular rarefaction by upregulating antioxidant defenses and reducing mitochondrial ROS levels.
e-Cigarettes More Effective Than Nicotine Replacement for Cessation of Tobacco Use in Adults.

Among adults who smoked a median of 15 cigarettes per day, those who were randomized to receive e-cigarettes were more likely to be abstinent at one year than those who received nicotine replacement (number needed to treat [NNT] = 12).
‘Serious’ science: a response to Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers

In their paper 'The "serious" factor in germline modification', Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers rightly highlight the ambiguity in the oft-utilised term 'serious' in legal discussions of human germline genome modification.1 They suggest interpretation of this term may benefit from a framework based on human rights rather than solely objectivist or constructivist frameworks. In this response, I show the authors provide a narrow and hasty dismissal of objectivist frameworks by defining objectivism broadly as 'based on biological facts' early on but later criticising genetic treatment lists, a single narrow implementation of only some of the facts. Furthermore, I will show their consideration of the right to science is biassed towards the material innovations of science, the authors succeed in recognising but fail in elaborating on the knowledge gained from scientific progress; knowledge which may ultimately update moral intuitions and change the nature of ethical conversation across cultures.
13 – Bearings and Seals

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on bearings and seals. The bearings in gas and steam turbines provide support and positioning for the rotating components. Radial support is generally provided by journal, or roller bearings, and axial positioning is provided by thrust bearings. Some engines, mainly aircraft jet engines, use ball or roller bearings for radial support, but nearly all-industrial gas turbines use journal bearings. Roller bearings have proven to be extremely rugged, and have demonstrated excellent life in industrial service. Most bearings provide reliable service for over 100,000 hours. There are various types of roller beating types, and they are differentiated according to the direction of the main radial loads (radial beatings), axial loads (thrust bearings), and the type of rolling elements used. Rolling bearings generally consist of bearing tings, inner ring and outer ring, rolling elements that roll on the raceways of the tings, and a cage that surrounds the rolling elements. The heavy frame type gas turbines use journal bearings. Journal bearings may be either full round or split; the lining may be heavy as used in large-size bearings for heavy machinery, or thin as used in precision insert-type beatings in internal combustion engines. Seals are very important and often critical components in turbomachinery, especially on high-pressure and high-speed equipment. They fall into two main categories: noncontacting seals and face seals. Noncontacting seals are used extensively in high-speed turbomachinery and have good mechanical reliability. There are two types of noncontacting seals, namely, labyrinth seals and ring seals. Mechanical seals form a running seal between flat precision-finished surfaces, and its primary function is to prevent leakage.
Private versus public corporate ownership: Implications for future profitability

The advantages and disadvantages of public versus private corporate ownership have long been debated; however, little empirical research has provided insight into the issue. We investigate the consequences of public versus private ownership on future profitability by examining a large cross-section of public and private firms as well as a propensity-matched sample of public and private firms. We find robust evidence that public firms are associated with significantly lower operating profitability three and five years into the future when compared with private firms after controlling for firm size, current profitability, growth, and components of profitability. We also find that the differential future profitability of public versus private firms is driven primarily by future profit margins and the association between the lower future profitability of public firms is more pronounced for firms in short-term focused and highly competitive industries. Finally, we find that public firms are associated with smoother future earnings than private firms. The results provide insight into the differential future profitability of public versus private firms and the factors that influence the differential profitability.
Exploring preferred and actual lighting levels for reading for adults with visual impairment at a center for the blind

IntroductionLight plays a crucial role in facilitating or hindering participation in reading. The purpose of this study is to examine the preferred lighting and actual lighting levels for reading f...
School Health: A Model for Improving Access to Care

Background: In 2015 Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) implemented a school health program comprised of 13 onsite School Based Health Centers (SBHC) in the Columbus Ohio region. The vision of this program is to improve pediatric outcomes by expanding access to comprehensive health and wellness services through school based care. We have partnered with Partners For Kids (PFK), a physician/hospital organization that was established in 1994. PFK is an Accountable Care Organization that accepts full-risk for 330,000 low-income children in central and southeastern Ohio. Objective: The objective of our School health/PFK partnership is to design …
Ab Initio Study of Chiral Discrimination in the Glycidol Dimer.

Chiral discrimination, the ability of a chiral molecule to exhibit different weak intermolecular interactions than its mirror image, is investigated for dimers of oxiranemethanol (glycidol). In this regard, high-level ab initio calculations were performed to study the chiral recognition effects in the homochiral and heterochiral dimers of glycidol. Fourteen dimer structures, seven homochiral and seven heterochiral, were studied: they all feature two intermolecular O-H···O hydrogen bonds. These structures have been determined with the second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) using the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set and verified to pertain to actual local minima. The benchmark interaction energy values were computed using MP2 extrapolated from the aug-cc-pVQZ and aug-cc-pV5Z bases with a higher-level correction from a coupled-cluster calculation in the aug-cc-pVTZ basis. The global minimum structure is a homochiral one, with the two hydrogen bonds forming a part of a ring with eight heavy atoms. A similar heterochiral structure has a binding energy smaller by about 0.6 kcal/mol. The largest diastereomeric energy difference is about 1.0 kcal/mol. Further insight into the origins of chiral discrimination was provided by symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) and a functional-group SAPT (F-SAPT) difference analysis to investigate the direct and indirect effects of two -H/-CH2OH substitutions leading from an achiral ethylene oxide dimer to the chiral glycidol dimer. Last but not least, harmonic frequency shifts relative to a noninteracting glycidol molecule were calculated and analyzed for all conformations to get insight into the origins of chiral discrimination. It is found that the largest frequency shifts are related to the effect of hydrogen bonding on the O-H stretch mode, the stability of the ring involving both hydrogen bonds, and the transition between two nonequivalent minima of the glycidol molecule.
The Force is still with you

Set after the original trilogy, Star Wars: Squadrons puts you inside the cockpits of the iconic X-wing and TIE fighter spacecraft. Piloting them is fun, but this is a good game rather than a great one, says Jacob Aron
Physics- and image-based prediction of fluid flow and transport in complex porous membranes and materials by deep learning

Abstract Although the morphology of porous membranes is the key factor in determining their flow, transport and separation properties, a general relation between the morphology and the physical properties has been difficult to identify. One promising approach to develop such a relation is through the application of a machine-learning (ML) algorithm to the problem. Over the last decade significant developments in the development of the ML approaches have led to many breakthroughs in various fields of science and engineering, but their application to porous media has been very limited. In this paper, we develop a deep network for predicting flow properties of porous membranes based on their morphology. The predicted properties include the spatial distributions of the fluid pressure and velocity throughout the entire membranes, provided that the deep network is properly trained by using high-resolution images of the membranes and the pressure and velocity distributions in their pore space at certain points in time. The network includes a residual U-net for developing a mapping between the input and output images, as well as a recurrent network for identifying physical correlations between the output data at various times. The results demonstrate that the deep network provides highly accurate predictions for the properties of interest. Thus, such a network may be used for predicting flow and transport properties of many other types of porous materials, as well as designing membranes for a specific application.
Teaching the Evaluation of Female Pelvic Pain: A Hands-On Simulation to Reinforce Exam Skills and Introduce Transvaginal Ultrasound.

Introduction Reproductive-age female patients commonly seek evaluation for pelvic pain in a variety of health care settings. Thus, teaching medical students how to effectively evaluate female pelvi...
Abstract 275: Oxygen Weaning is Slow and Highly Variable Among Mechanically Ventilated Patients After Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Arterial hyperoxia at 6 h following resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) may be associated with worsened survival and neurologic outcome. While global resuscitatio...
Elite Cues and the Rapid Decline in Trust in Science Agencies on COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has been marked by political divisions in U.S. public trust of scientists. Such divisions are well known on other topics, but regarding COVID-19 they arose suddenly, with disa...
The Photophysical Properties of CdTe/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots

The distinctive fluorescent properties of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) make them advantageous for use in optoelectronic and biological applications. We report on experiments done to characterize the optical properties and the general photostability of CdTe QDs with varying ZnS shell thicknesses. Steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements indicate that increasing the ZnS shell thickness results in longer absorption and emission wavelengths, increased quantum yield, and improved photostability.
Purification and assay of nuclear protein kinases.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses methods for fractionation and assay of the chromatin-associated protein kinases involved in catalyzing the phosphorylation of these proteins. The general approach involves purification of phosphorylated nonhistone chromatin proteins through salt extraction, chromatography on phosphocellulose columns involving a salt/pH step gradient, and assay for protein kinase activity in the absence of exogenous substrate. In addition, a step in the column elution increases the complexity of the protein kinase profile by a substantial amount. These enzyme activities are presumably left on the column under conditions employed by others. Thus, the methodology described in the chapter has several distinct advantages over the techniques previously used. The results indicate the existence of a large number of distinctly different enzymes involved in the phosphorylation of chromatin-associated proteins.
Semantic Change and Grammaticalization of the Universal Quantifier mĕi 每 in Chinese

This study investigates the development of the universal quantifier mĕi ‘every’ in Mandarin Chinese. Through quantitative analysis of historical texts (eleventh century BC – twentieth century AD), it shows that mĕi underwent three steps of semantic change and grammaticalization: (1) the development of the adverbial meaning ‘often/frequently’ from its (predicative) adjective meaning ‘flourishing/abundant’; (2) the emergency of the singularitive quantifier meaning ‘every time’; and (3) the extension to the determiner distributive universal quantifier meaning ‘every’. It is argued that while the first and second step of semantic change are clear cases of metaphoricalization and metonymization respectively, the third step, namely the extension to the determiner distributive universal quantifier meaning ‘every’, was triggered by semantic reanalysis (Xing, Semantic reanalysis and semantic change in grammaticalization in Chinese. In: Zhuo Jing-Schmidt (ed) Increased empiricism: recent advances in Chinese linguistics. John Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, pp 223–246, 2013), a pathway uncommon in semantic change and grammaticalization in Indo-European languages. The result of this study, along with studies of universal quantifiers in Indo-European languages (Haspelmath, Diachronic sources of ‘all’ and ‘every’. In: Bach et al. (eds) Quantification in natural languages. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, pp 263–382, 1995), should shed some light on the understanding of the development of universal quantifiers in genetically unrelated languages.
Investigation of Coastal CDOM Distributions Using In-Situ and Remote Sensing Observations and a Predictive CDOM Fate and Transport Model

Abstract : Our long-term goal is to interprete chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) sources, distributions, and dynamics in and around the NY/NJ Harbor Estuary, with a focus on significant freshwater events, through the creation of a robust, deterministic, high-resolution, four-dimensional, predictive model of CDOM fate and transport, validated against in-situ and remote sensing observations. An existing four-dimensional hydrodynamic and CDOM source tracking model was significantly updated and compared against a) concurrent datasets of in situ (EcoShuttle) CDOM observations available for the New York/New Jersey Harbor and, b) satellite-derived (SeaWiFS) surface CDOM distributions for the Harbor and its New York Bight Approaches (Bight Apex). The New York Harbor Observation and Prediction System (NYHOPS), a hydrodynamic/CDOM forecasting model incorporating CDOM fluorescence source strengths and first-order decay through photodegradation, was updated to a new high-resolution version shown to better capture the relevant hydrodynamic scales and associated CDOM sources and transport. The NYHOPS CDOM fate module was singificantly changed to include a more robust and deterministic bio-kinetic formulation of CDOM absorption loss due to photobleaching. Existing high-resolution local observations of CDOM fluorescence, absorption and other related variables, were used to locally calibrate the NYHOPS bio-kinetic module. CDOM distributions based on NYHOPS were compared to both the in-situ observations and SeaWiFS-derived spatial distributions, to continue interpretation of the CDOM data and facilitate an understanding of the processes that control CDOM distributions in estuarine and coastal waters.
The effect of age, gravidity, and parity on the location of the cervical squamocolumnar junction as determined by colposcopy

Abstract Colposcopy was used to determine the location of the squamocolumnar junction in 1,838 patients during evaluation for abnormal Papanicolaou smears. More than 50 per cent of women over 26 years of age or with gravidity and parity of 2 or greater demonstrated an endocervical squamocolumnar junction. The frequency further increased as age, gravidity, and parity advanced. Age is the most powerful predictor of the location of the squamocolumnar junction. As a result of the increasing proportion of patients with endocervical squamocolumnar junctions associated with advancing age, gravidity, and parity, the physician must assign greater importance to the endocervical cytologic specimen in his routine cervical cancer screening.
The 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami wavefront mapping across offshore Southern California

The 11 March 2011 (M_w = 9.0) Tohoku tsunami was recorded by a temporary array of seafloor pressure gauges deployed off the coast of Southern California, demonstrating how dense array data can illustrate and empirically validate predictions of linear tsunami wave propagation characteristics. A noise cross-correlation method was used to first correct for the pressure gauge instrument phase response. Phase and group travel times were then measured for the first arrival in the pressure gauge tsunami waveforms filtered in narrow bands around 30 periods between 200 and 3000 s. For each period, phase velocities were estimated across the pressure gauge array based on the phase travel time gradient using eikonal tomography. Clear correlation was observed between the phase velocity and long-wavelength bathymetry variations where fast and slow velocities occurred for deep and shallow water regions, respectively. In particular, velocity gradients are pronounced at the Patton Escarpment and near island plateaus due to the abrupt bathymetry change. In the deep open ocean area, clear phase velocity dispersion is observed. Comparison with numerically calculated tsunami waveforms validates the approach and provides an independent measure of the finite-frequency effect on phase velocities at long periods.
ANCOVA Methods for Heteroscedastic Nonparametric Regression Models

We consider an ANCOVA design in which the relationship between the response Yi and the covariate Xi in cell (factor-level combination) i satisfies the model Yi = mi(Xi)+σi(Xi)ϵi, where the error term ϵi is assumed to be independent of Xi, and mi and σi are respectively a smooth (but unknown) regression and scale function. This model can be viewed as a generalization of the nonparametric ANCOVA model of Young and Bowman. As such it is a useful alternative for parametric or semiparametric ANCOVA models, whenever modeling assumptions such as proportional odds, normality of the error terms, linearity or homoscedasticity appear suspect. We develop test statistics for the hypotheses of no main effects, no interaction effects, and no simple effects, which adjust for the covariate values, as defined by Akritas, Arnold, and Du. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistics is obtained, its small sample behavior is studied by means of simulations and a real dataset is analyzed.
Experimental Study of a Curved Rotating Heat Pipe

A curved rotating heat pipe for use in motor and generator applications is studied experimentally. The heat pipe is built so that both the condenser and evaporator sections are parallel to the axis of rotation. The condenser section is close to the axis of rotation while the evaporator section can be placed in contact with off-axis heat sources in the rotating machine. The geometry is achieved by incorporating an S-shaped curve between the on-axis rotating condenser section and the off-axis revolving evaporator section. The curved rotating heat pipe allows for a direct coupling of the rotating condenser section to an on-axis stationary refrigeration system, while allowing the revolving evaporator section to intercept off-axis heat sources in the rotating machine. An experimental rotating heat pipe test apparatus was built and operated. The test data indicate that the working fluid continued to circulate, resulting in heat transfer with a high effective thermal conductivity, with the curved rotating heat pipe operating under the influence of centrifugal accelerations approaching 400g. Furthermore, the experimental results were used to validate a heat pipe thermal model that can be used in the design of rotating machines that rely on the curved rotating heat pipe as part of the thermal management system.
The dorsomedial hypothalamus: a new player in thermoregulation

Neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) play key roles in physiological responses to exteroceptive (“emotional”) stress in rats, including tachycardia. Tachycardia evoked from the DMH or seen...
Chemical Analyses of Ancient Anthrosols in Residential Areas at Piedras Negras, Guatemala

Recent chemical analyses of ancient anthrosols in Mesoamerica and elsewhere demonstrate the explanatory value of these investigative techniques and also point out some of the problems that challenge interpretive capabilities. This paper presents the results of phosphate and heavy metals analyses of soils in residential areas at Piedras Negras, Guatemala, and offers some preliminary interpretations of the patterns obtained. After a brief review of recent studies of soils in archaeological contexts, we discuss some of the merits and problems with using different sampling designs and with obtaining reference samples that help model distributions of chemical concentrations. To aid in interpreting domestic activities, soil analyses are combined with archaeological data produced from both large-scale clearing and smaller test units. In this way, phosphate concentrations implicate refuse disposal areas, and heavy metal signatures and their patterning suggest that urban Maya houses may have been painted with metal-based mineral pigments. Varying, relative proportions of phosphates and heavy metals in midden deposits indicate the probability of classifying such features according to chemical signatures. We argue that this combined approach offers greater clarity in discerning activity patterns in residential environments than investigations that do not incorporate soil chemical analyses.
Influence of copper cation on inhibition of corrosion for steel in presence of benzotriazole in sulfuric acid

Abstract The concentration influence of benzotriazole on the electrochemical and corrosion behaviour of steel with and without a copper cation was studied potentiokinetically. It was found that benzotriazole increases the polarization resistance to a great extent. It was found that the Cu cation, at a concentration of 10 −3 M, strongly inhibits the corrosion rate. The corrosion of the steel in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 is appreciably reduced by benzotriazole in combination with the metallic copper cation, as a result of co-adsorption. At a higher concentration of copper cation ( 10 −2 M) in association with benzotriazole, the dissolution of steel is increased owing to the cathodic reduction of the cation to metal, and the potential is shifted toward the electropositive direction. In the presence of benzotriazole and lower metallic copper cation concentrations ( 10 −4 M ), the potentials shift in the electronegative direction, indicating suppression of the cathodic reaction by co-joint adsorption of the inhibitor and metallic cation. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated at different temperatures. The negative temperature coefficient for corrosion inhibition is assuming that the corrosion reaction is no longer the simple metal/acid reaction, owing to adsorption retardation.
An exemplary design framework: A small-scale prototype of home area network in a Smart Grid

In this paper, with a specific application to a Smart Grid system in mind, we present a small-scale prototype system of wireless networks and design details of the prototype system. From the perspective of undergraduate engineering education and learning, we describe how the project team of undergraduate students has overcome technical obstacles and challenges in successfully completing the prototype system. For an outcome of this project, we also derive a set of laboratory experiments for integration into a laboratory-based course for improvement in learning effectiveness and overall undergraduate engineering education.
Primary mirror figure control by laser autocollimation

A method of monitoring the figure of the primary mirror of the University of Texas 7.6-m telescope is under study, in which slope errors are determined by reflection of laser beams from small flat mirrors cemented to the back of the thin meniscus primary mirror. The method requires calibration against a stellar image wavefront sensor but does not require continuous presence of the stellar image for operation. The method will be described, together with an error analysis. An optimum distribution of test points will be shown based on finite element and modal structural analyses of the mirror blank. A discussion of possible operational errors attributable to the laser system, based on similar experience at the University of Arizona - Smithsonian MMT Observatory, will be given.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
What is a Kosher renal diet

Abstract Renal patients who follow Judaic religious practice may require special dietary modifications. This article discusses selected aspects of Jewish dietary laws and offers suggestions for incorporating Kosher foods into the renal diet.
Overexpression of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 by Senescent Human Fibroblasts: Attenuation of the Mitogenic Response to IGF-I

We have previously demonstrated that senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) produce large amounts of IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in comparison to early-passage vigorously proliferative HDF. In order to determine whether this excess IGFBP-3 accumulation plays a role in the observed attenuation of DNA synthesis in senescent HDF, we examined the response of these cells to IGF-I and two IGF-I functional analogs, [QAYL]IGF-I and insulin, both of which have extremely low binding affinity for IGFBP-3 but which exert their mitogenic effect via the IGF-I plasma membrane receptor. Senescent HDF showed an increased sensitivity of DNA synthetic response to [QAYL]IGF-I and insulin compared to IGF-I. IGF binding activity was significantly higher in conditioned medium of senescent HDF than the medium of young HDF, and virtually all of this enhanced binding capacity could be accounted for by IGFBP-3. Addition of recombinant IGFBP-3 to young cells at a constant molar ratio of 1:1 with respect to IGF-I significantly attenuated the response to IGF-I and abolished the response at a 2:1 molar ratio. These data indicate that IGFBP-3 accumulated in medium of senescent HDF can bind and sequester IGFs when present in molar excess and thereby account for a significant part of the attenuated response of senescent HDF to IGF-I.
Optimizing stimulating and recording parameters in somatosensory evoked potential studies

Methods to increase the signal:noise ratio of evoked potentials are reviewed, dividing them into three groups: (1) increasing the number of stimuli averaged; (2) decreasing the noise (muscle relaxation, filters, intermittent artifact reject methods); and (3) increasing the amplitude of the signal (stimulus intensity, nerves stimulated, bilateral versus unilateral stimulation, stimulus modality, and montage). Examples of these different methods applied to recording of somatosensory evoked potentials are given, and it is concluded that, for optimal recording of somatosensory evoked potentials, a combination of all these methods should be used.
Synthesis of 4-[3-(1H)-indolyl]-2-[N-guanidinomethyl]thiazole dihydrochloride

The title compound 3b was synthesized in three steps from acetaminothioacetamide (4b) in 15% overall yield. This represents the first synthesis of a 2-guanidinomethylthiazole, which is a homolog of an important pharmacophore, 2-guanidinothiazole.
Descriptions and Phylogeny of Four Limnephiloid Caddisflies (Trichoptera) Based on First Instars

First instars from a representative species of each of the limnephiloid families Coeridae, Brachycentridae, Lepidostomatidae, and Uenoidae and the sericostomatoid family Sericostomatidae were reared, described, and illustrated. Morphological comparisons of these species revealed 14 unique homologues which support a close evolutionary link between the families Goeridae and Uenoidae, This hypothesis concurs with a current phylogenetic interpretation and is corroborated by ecological characteristics of the 2 families, The study is an instructive example of the potential value of Ist-instar characters for phylogenetic interpretation in Trichoptera.
Titanium-beryllium microcomposites: a state-of-the-art review

Abstract Titanium-beryllium composites have been developed over a broad range of compositions to take advantage of the low density and high modulus of the beryllium and the strength and toughness of the titanium. Standard metalworking methods can be used for preparation of these fibre-reinforced composites from powder blends (hence the designation, microcomposites) and also for subsequent processing to finished components. This article reviews the history of the development of these materials and presents data from several sources. Potential applications are indicated.
The use of immobilized glutamate dehydrogenase to synthesize 13N-labeled L-amino acids.

Abstract By utilizing glutamate dehydrogenase immobilized onto CNBr-activated Sepharose it is possible to synthesize six l -13N-amino acids in high radiochemical yield (5–140 mCi) and in high (>99%) radiochemical purity. These 13N-amino acid solutions are potentially suitable for whole body and organ imaging in large animals and man.
Metabolism of cyanide by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Abstract The oxidation of veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) by lignin peroxidase H2 (LiP H2) from the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was strongly inhibited by sodium cyanide. The I 50 was estimated to be about 2–3 μ m . In contrast, sodium cyanide binds to the native enzyme with an apparent sodium cyanide dissociation constant K d of about 10 μ m . Inhibition of the veratryl alcohol oxidase activity of LiP H2 by cyanide was reversible. Ligninolytic cultures of P. chrysosporium mineralized cyanide at a rate that was proportional to the concentration of cyanide to 2 m m . The N-tert -butyl-α-phenylnitrone—cyanyl radical adduct was observed by ESR spin trapping upon incubation of LiP H2 with H 2 O 2 and sodium cyanide. The identity of the spin adduct was confirmed using 13 C-labeled cyanide. Six-day-old cultures of the fungus were more tolerant to sodium cyanide toxicity than spores. Toxicity measurements were based on the effect of sodium cyanide on respiration of the fungus as determined by the metabolism of [ 14 C]glucose to [ 14 C]CO 2 . We propose that this tolerance of the mature fungus was due to its ability to mineralize cyanide and that this fungus might be effective in treating environmental pollution sites contaminated with cyanide.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS OF MICROWAVE INSTABILITY IN ACCELERATORS

We develop a nonlinear theory of the weak single bunch instability in electron and positron circular accelerators and damping rings. A nonlinear equation is derived that governs the evolution of the amplitude of unstable oscillations with account of quantum diffusion effects due to the synchrotron radiation. Numerical solutions to this equation show a large variety of nonlinear regimes depending on the growth rate of the instability and the diffusion coefficient. Comparison with the observation in the Stanford Linear Collider Damping Ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center shows qualitative agreement with the patterns observed in the experiment. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Induced Radioactivity in Cadmium and Indium

The artificial activation of cadmium and indium now yields at least three radioactive isotopes of cadmium and eight radioactive isotopes of indium. The probable masses of several of these isotopes have been determined. In cadmium bombarded with deuterons two chain reactions are observed in which the active cadmium decays to radioactive indium. These are Cd (56 hour) to In (4.5 hour), and Cd (3.75 hour) to In (2.1 hour). Evidence is presented for believing that a new 65-hour gamma-radiation is due to an excited state of a normally stable indium isotope of mass 113. The energies and decay constants of many of the radiations have been accurately measured by means of a magnetic spectrometer of high resolving power.
Elastic responses to longitudinal torsion of single-strand, rectangular, orthodontic archwire segments.

Abstract Objectives . This study was undertaken to characterize elastic responses of orthodontic archwire segments in longitudinal torsion, to compare experimental results with predictions from structural engineering theory, and to examine the potential interaction between flexural and torsional responses of archwires. Methods . Passively straight and deflected rectangular wire segments were activated in torsion to states beyond their elastic limits. The wire parameters that were controlled included: the alloy, the cross-sectional size, and the gauge length. The research design included 48 cells and 240 separate tests. From torque-twist plots, values of elastic stiffness, elastic range, and unit elastic range were obtained. Raw experimental data were subjected to analyses of variance and means to a Tukey's post-hoc test. Mean stiffness and elastic range outcomes were compared with theoretical values. Results . Most plots were generally characteristics of Hookean materials. All three wire parameters significantly influenced the three dependent variables; few statistical interactions emerged. Theoretical stiffness values were reasonably comparable to those obtained experimentally; however, the elastic range predictions were conservative. Torsion theory predicts unit elastic ranges independent of gauge length; the experimental data displayed a nonlinear relationship. The minor influences of flexural deformations on the responses of wire segments activated in torsion are suggested as clinically inconsequential. Significance . Few clinically relevant, controlled studies of archwire torsion have been published. A modified or new formula is needed to predict elastic range magnitudes of archwires in torsion. When flexure and torsion exist in an archwire, it may be possible to separate them to determine overall structural response.
A Multifield Model and Method for Metal-Loaded High Explosives

An ensemble average of the full conservation equations for multiple materials produces an unclosed system called the multifield equations. Closures are approached by way of correlation to data from direct numerical simulations or from experiment for simplified conditions. The resulting multifield model using this approach is displayed and a numerical solution method used for sample simulations is outlined. Selected results are shown to illustrate the utility of the model and method for understanding the performance of a high explosive with a dense loading of small tungsten grains.
Elastically bent mirror for focusing synchrotron X-rays

Abstract A new focusing mirror has been placed in service on the A1 beamline at CHESS. It consists of a 10 cm (4′')×60 cm (24′' long platinum coated reflecting surface that can be elastically bent from a radius of 400 m to infinity. All of the bending apparatus is bolted onto the aluminum mirror blank from the underside leaving the top reflecting surface free. By pushing the two “table legs” apart with a lever, the reflecting surface can be bent to a cylindrical shape. This mirror receives horizontally focused X-rays after they are diffracted from a bent asymmetrically cut (111) germanium monochromator. The vertical beam height in the hutch has been observed to be 5 mm (unfocused) and 300 μm (fully focused). With double focusing from the crystal and the mirror, we have measured 3×1012 photons per second into a 1.5 mm × 0.3 mm area at 8 keV (5.3 GeV, 70 mA) from 2 mrad of wiggler radiation.
Spurious acoustic responses in SAW devices

Substantial documentation of the character of spurious responses in SAW devices has shown that they can be completely characterized as families of plate modes when the substrates have parallel top and bottom surfaces. Presented here are theoretical plate mode calculations and the corresponding experimental results for commonly used substrate orientations. It is shown that quantitative terminal response predictions are possible when all the plate modes are included in the analysis. Results for a new substrate cut, 46° (ZYW) LiNbO 3 , show that it can have lower than -60-dB spurious modes relative to the Rayleigh mode.
NHE-RF, a merlin-interacting protein, is primarily expressed in luminal epithelia, proliferative endometrium, and estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinomas.

NHE-RF, a regulatory cofactor for NHE (Na + -H + exchanger) type 3, interacts with ion transporters and receptors through its PDZ domains and with the MERM proteins (merlin, ezrin, radixin and moesin) via its carboxyl terminus. Thus, NHE-RF may act as a multifunctional adaptor protein and play a role in the assembly of signal transduction complexes, linking ion channels and receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. NHE-RF expression is up-regulated in response to estrogen in estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinoma cell lines, suggesting that it may be involved in estrogen signaling. To further understand NHE-RF function and its possible role in estrogen signaling, we analyzed NHE-RF expression in normal human tissues, including cycling endometrium, and in breast carcinomas, tissues in which estrogen plays an important role in regulating cell growth and proliferation. NHE-RF is expressed in many epithelia, especially in cells specialized in ion transport or absorption, and is often localized to apical (luminal) membranes. NHE-RF expression varies markedly in proliferative versus secretory endometrium, with high expression in proliferative (estrogen-stimulated) endometrium. Furthermore, estrogen receptor status and NHE-RF expression correlate closely in breast carcinoma specimens. These findings support a role for NHE-RF in estrogen signaling.