cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Second-Order Cyclostationarity of Mobile WiMAX and LTE OFDM Signals and Application to Spectrum Awareness in Cognitive Radio Systems

Spectrum sensing and awareness are challenging requirements in cognitive radio (CR). To adequately adapt to the changing radio environment, it is necessary for the CR to detect the presence and classify the on-the-air signals. The wireless industry has shown great interest in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology. Hence, classification of OFDM signals has been intensively researched recently. Generic signals have been mainly considered, and there is a need to investigate OFDM standard signals, and their specific discriminating features for classification. In this paper, realistic and comprehensive mathematical models of the OFDM-based mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and third-Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) signals are developed, and their second-order cyclostationarity is studied. Closed-from expressions for the cyclic autocorrelation function (CAF) and cycle frequencies (CFs) of both signal types are derived, based on which an algorithm is proposed for their classification. The proposed algorithm does not require carrier, waveform, and symbol timing recovery, and is immune to phase, frequency, and timing offsets. The classification performance of the algorithm is investigated versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), for diverse observation intervals and channel conditions. In addition, the computational complexity is explored versus the signal type. Simulation results show the efficiency of the algorithm is terms of classification performance, and the complexity study proves the real time applicability of the algorithm.
Chicken sine oculis binding protein homolog (sobp), a novel gene that may regulate feather development.

Feathers are appendages of skin in avi- ans and provide a model for analyzing skin append- age morphogenesis. The feathers of Chinese Silky (CS) and White Leghorn (WL) chickens have distinct phenotypes. Based on preliminary genetic results, we cloned the chicken gene sobp (encoding sine oculis bind- ing protein homolog, which is expressed at a higher level in the dorsal skin and in the feather follicle in the WL compared with the CS. The reverse-transcription PCR and quantitative real-time PCR indicated that sobp was expressed in many tissues and was continu- ously expressed during embryonic development in both strains. Northern and Western blotting indicated that the mRNA of sobp was approximately 5 kb and the SOBP protein was approximately 96 kDa. The expres- sions of signaling molecules that affect feather develop- ment were similar. This study is the first report of sobp expression in chickens. Our results suggest that sobp might regulate distinct feather type.
40 Gbps Short Reach Links Using Plastic Optical Fiber

We demonstrate that 50 mum perfluorinated graded index plastic optical fiber exhibits strong mode coupling and sufficiently low differential mode delay to support 40 Gbps short reach links
The Demographic Histories of the M and S Molecular Forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Anopheles gambiae is a primary vector of Plasmodium falciparum, a human malaria parasite that causes over a million deaths each year in sub-Saharan Africa. Population genetic tests have been employed to detect natural selection at suspected A. gambiae antimalaria genes, but these tests have generally been compromised by the lack of demographically correct null models. Here, we used a coalescent simulation approach within a maximum likelihood framework to fit population growth, bottleneck, and migration models to polymorphism data from Cameroonian A. gambiae. The best-fit models for both the "M" and the "S" molecular forms of A. gambiae included ancient population growth and a high rate of migration from an unsampled subpopulation. After correcting for differences in effective population size, our models suggest that the molecular forms expanded at different times and both expansions significantly predate the advent of agriculture. We show that correcting null models for demography increases the power to detect natural selection in A. gambiae.
TRANSIENT THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ERAS/IN0.53GA0.47AS THERMOELECTRIC MODULE

Embedded metallic nanoparticles in semiconductors have recently been proven to be of great interest for thermoelectric applications. These metallic nanoparticles play the role of scattering centers for phonons and a source of doping for electrons; they reduce simultaneously the thermal conductivity and increase the thermoelectric power factor of the semiconductor. It has also shown that metal/semiconductor heterostructures can be used to break the crystal momentum symmetry for hot electrons in thermionic devices, then increasing the number of electrons participating in transport. A thermoelectric module of 200 N-P pairs of InGaAlAs with embedded ErAs metallic nanoparticles has been fabricated. Network Identification by Deconvolution (NID) technique is then applied for transient thermal characterization of this thermoelectric module. The combination of this new representation of the dynamic behavior of the packaged device with high resolution thin film temperature measurement allows us to obtain information about heat transfer within the thermoelectric module. This is used to extract the thermal resistances and heat capacitances of the module.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Methionine Content and Availability in Varieties and Breeding Lines of Peas for Chicks

Abstract The methionine content of 44 breeding lines of green, yellow (Pisum sativum L.), and Austrian winter peas (Pisum sativum arvense L.) was determined chemically and each sample of peas was fed to chicks with and without supplemental methionine. The crude protein (N × 6.25) of peas varied from 19.6 to 25.5%. Three lines of peas had a much higher level of methionine as determined chemically than other lines, but those lines did not support chick growth any better than the lines with lower methionine content. Supplementation with .2% DL-methionine significantly improved growth and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in all the pea lines tested. With supplemental methionine, a small number of pea lines had a PER that was not significantly different from soybean meal. This would suggest that protein availability among the pea lines tested differs or that some lines contain factors that depress chick growth. None of the peas were autoclaved before feeding.
Strategies and mechanisms for electronic peer review

We have implemented a peer grading system for review of student assignments over the World Wide Web and used it in approximately eight courses in computing and electrical engineering. Students prepare their assignments and submit them to our Peer Grader (PG) system. Other students are then assigned to review and grade the assignments. The system allows authors and reviewers to communicate, with authors being able to update their submissions. Unique features of our approach include the ability to submit arbitrary sets of Web pages for review, and mechanisms for encouraging careful review of submissions. Electronic peer review facilitates collaborative learning in several ways. First, there is the obvious fact that students can learn from their reviewers' comments. Second, students help each other to improve their communication skills. Third, in team projects, peer review allows team members to be assessed by each other. Finally, peer review makes it possible to break up a large project into small chunks. In fact, new releases of PG are being developed in exactly this way.
Defect Dynamics in Amorphous Silicon – the Recrystallization Process

The mechanism that underlies the recrystallization of amorphous silicon tas not been established. It is generally argued, however, that the rearrangement of the network occurs through the breaking of bonds or the introduction of vacancies and that this step is responsible for the observed activation energy (∼2.5 eV). It is suggested here that the rearrangement of the network is accomplished through the migration of intrinsic overcoordination defects (“floating bonds”) and that this process has a small activation energy (∼0.4 eV). The observed large activation energy is actually due to a reaction that inhibits recrystallization. This reaction may be the elimination of preexisting dangling bonds.
The Development of Early Communication: Using Developmental Literature for Selecting Communication Goals:

The developmental model of communication growth is often the most appropriate framework for determining intervention goals regarding forms of communication. Most children who are functioning at the sensorimotor level of cognition can learn to communicate more effectively and will benefit from intervention that is based on the normal progression of communication forms and functions. An integration of published literature describing the developmental progression of sensory, motor, and social abilities is provided as an intervention framework for developing communicative abilities in prelinguistic children.
SEX DISCRIMINATION AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN FACULTY SALARIES

A counterfactual model is used to determine if sex discrimination in salaries existed at Illinois State University. The analysis makes use of detailed peer evaluations of each faculty members's productivity in scholarly productivity, teaching, and service. The model is extended to examine the effects of Affirmative Action salary increments given female faculty members. Evidence of sex discrimination in salaries against female faculty is found. The Affirmative Action salary program erased this discrimination and introduced statistically significant discrimination against male faculty.
Photoelastic lensing effect in Ti:sapphire crystal pumped by high-energy pulses

We have built a setup with high temporal resolution to measure the very fast photoelastic lensing effect, which is on the scale of microseconds in a Ti:sapphire crystal pumped by very strong laser pulses (up to 5 J/cm2). The experimental results measured by this method and the real multimode beam profile taken by a CCD camera are applied to a three-dimensional crystal model to calculate one of the photoelastic constants of Ti:sapphire crystal, which is found to be p31=−0.03±0.01. This value is helpful to evaluate the photoelastic lensing effect in Ti:sapphire crystal for a laser beam polarized along the c axis, commonly used for laser amplification.
Untangling the Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Diamond Blackfan Anemia

Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a lineage-selective inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized primarily by anemia and physical malformations. Recent advances in identifying the genetic abnormalities underlying DBA have demonstrated involvement of genes encoding both large (RPL) and small (RPS) ribosomal subunit proteins, including mutations of RPL5, RPL11, RPL35A, RPS7, RPS10, RPS17, RPS19, RPS24, and RPS26 in 50% to 60% of affected patients. Despite significant progress, identification of gene abnormalities in the remaining patients remains an important question since present data suggest that mutations in other members of the ribosomal protein gene complement do not explain those cases without an identified genetic lesion in these genes. Genetic studies have also raised new questions with the recognition of substantial variability in the manifestations of DBA, ranging from ribosomal protein mutations in otherwise asymptomatic individuals to those with classic severe red blood cell aplasia with characteristic malformations, at times within the same kindred. In this review, we summarize the genetic basis of DBA and discuss mechanisms by which the phenotype of DBA might be modified.
Microfluidic devices fabricated in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for biological studies

This review describes microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) for biological studies. Properties of PDMS that make it a suitable platform for miniaturized biological studies, techniques for fabricating PDMS microstructures, and methods for controlling fluid flow in microchannels are discussed. Biological procedures that have been miniaturized into PDMS-based microdevices include immunoassays, separation of proteins and DNA, sorting and manipulation of cells, studies of cells in microchannels exposed to laminar flows of fluids, and large-scale, combinatorial screening. The review emphasizes the advantages of miniaturization for biological analysis, such as efficiency of the device and special insights into cell biology.
WOULD YOU RECOGNIZE UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING IF YOU SAW IT? TEN PROPOSITIONS FOR NEW DIRECTIONS FOR THE SECOND DECADE OF UDL

As I read the latest issue of the Learning Disability Quarterly,I was appreciative of the essay by King-Sears (2009) high- lighting the value of universal design for learning (UDL) to the learning disability community. The allure of UDL has captured the imagination of many educators and policy makers. The recent reau- thorization of the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-315, Section 202, I, A), for example, requires col- leges of education that receive federal funding for teacher quality partnership grants to report on the outcomes of UDL training within their preservice preparation programs. King-Sears' efforts to encourage the learning disability community to dialogue about UDL are noteworthy and timely. Given that the King-Sears piece was featured as a "Commen- tary" article designed to spark conversation about contemporary topics, I would like to take this opportunity to extend the conver- sation and highlight nuances associated with translating UDL the- ory into practice. As someone who has been involved in helping individual teachers as well as schools, states, provinces, and policy makers translate UDL theory into practice, I am concerned about the ability of the profession to implement a construct that it can- not define.
Ferroportin is a manganese-responsive protein that decreases manganese cytotoxicity and accumulation

Although manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for human development and growth, chronic exposure to excessive Mn levels can result in psychiatric and motor disturbances, referred to as manganism. However, there are no known mechanism(s) for efflux of excess Mn from mammalian cells. Here, we test the hypothesis that the cytoplasmic iron (Fe) exporter ferroportin (Fpn) may also function as a Mn exporter to attenuate Mn toxicity. Using an inducible human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cell model, we examined the influence of Fpn expression on Mn-induced cytotoxicity and intracellular Mn concentrations. We found that induction of an Fpn-green fluorescent protein fusion protein in HEK293T cells was cytoprotective against several measures of Mn toxicity, including Mn-induced cell membrane leakage and Mn-induced reductions in glutamate uptake. Fpn-green fluorescent protein mediated cytoprotection correlated with decreased Mn accumulation following Mn exposure. Thus, Fpn expression reduces Mn toxicity concomitant with reduced Mn accumulation. To determine if mammalian cells may utilize Fpn in response to increased intracellular Mn concentrations and toxicity, we assessed endogenous Fpn levels in Mn-exposed HEK293T cells and in mouse brain in vivo. We find that 6 h of Mn exposure in HEK293T cells is associated with a significant increase in Fpn levels. Furthermore, mice exposed to Mn showed an increase in Fpn levels in both the cerebellum and cortex. Collectively, these results indicate that (i) Mn exposure promotes Fpn protein expression, (ii) Fpn expression reduces net Mn accumulation, and (iii) reduces cytotoxicity associated with exposure to this metal.
Compensation of the effect of a detector solenoid on the beam size in the ILC

In the International Linear Collider (ILC) [1] the colliding beams must be focused to the nanometre size in order to reach the desired luminosity. The method of Weak Antisolenoid is used for the compensation of the effect of the Detector Solenoid on the beam size [2], [3]. The studies of this method require the computer simulation of the charged particle's kinematics in the arbitrarily distributed solenoidal, dipole, quadrupole and higher multipole fields. We suggest the mathematical algorithm that allows to optimize parameters of antisolenoid for different configurations of Final Focus magnets and to compensate parasitic effects of the Detector Solenoid on the beam.
Frozen Modes in Coupled Microstrip Lines Printed on Ferromagnetic Substrates

A microstrip transmission line model is proposed for magnetic photonic crystals having a stationary inflection point in their dispersion diagrams. The model is formed from an existing degenerate band edge microstrip circuit by replacing the substrate material with a properly biased ferrite. Using the four port unit cell's transfer matrix, we calculate the dispersion diagram of the periodic structure and verify the stationary inflection behavior. Variation of the geometry parameters to tune the k - omega diagram is also discussed.
Self-esteem, cortisol reactivity, and depressed mood mediated by perceptions of control

Abstract This study investigated cortisol reactivity (CR) as a moderator and perceptions of control as a mediator between low self-esteem (SE) and depressed mood. Fifty-four participants completed SE and mood inventories before an uncontrollable laboratory stressor. Salivary cortisol was determined before and after the stressor. Analyses indicated significance for SE ( β =−0.30), CR ( β =−0.92) and their interaction ( β =−0.90) in predicting depressed mood ( P =0.03 for all). Low SE and decreased CR predicted the highest levels of depressed mood. The interaction indicated that depressed mood was predicted by increases in cortisol in individuals with higher SE, but by decreases in cortisol in individuals with lower SE. These relationships were statistically explained by low perceptions of control at baseline. Findings support biopsychological explanations for depression, with SE, CR, and uncontrollability as putative markers of depressed mood that may be even more pronounced in depressive disorders.
Deficient visual sensitivity in schizotypal personality disorder

Abstract Schizotypal personality disorder is a personality disorder in the schizophrenia spectrum, sharing genetic and neurobiologic characteristics with schizophrenia. Visual contrast detection, found to be abnormal in chronic schizophrenia, was investigated in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Since dopamine in the retina enhances visual contrast detection and SPD patients have relatively reduced dopaminergic activity in the brain compared to schizophrenia patients, it was hypothesized that SPD patients would have decreased to normal contrast sensitivity. Twenty-one subjects with DSM-IV diagnosed SPD, 18 healthy controls, and 12 subjects with a personality disorder unrelated to schizophrenia (OPD) were evaluated for contrast detection using a sinusoidal grating presented at varying temporal frequencies. Subjects also were evaluated neuropsychologically using several standardized neurocognitive tests. A significant effect of subject group was found on the contrast detection threshold (p
Control Design of Hard Disk Drive Concentric Self-Servo Track Writing via $H_{2}$ and $H_{\infty}$ Synthesis

This paper considers two novel controller synthesis methodologies using a feedforward control structure for performing concentric self-servo track writing in hard disk drives. In the first methodology, it is assumed that a conventional causal track-following controller has been designed and a non-causal feedforward controller, which utilizes the stored error signal from writing the previous track, is designed using standard H∞ control synthesis techniques, in order to prevent the track errors from propagating and to achieve good disturbance attenuation. In the second methodology, both the track-following feedback controller and the feedforward controller are simultaneously designed via a mixed H2/H∞ control scheme, which involves the solution of a set of linear matrix inequalities and achieves good disturbance attenuation while preventing the propagation of track errors from the previous tracks. Simulation results confirm that the two proposed control synthesis methodologies prevent error propagation from the previously written tracks and significantly improve concentric self-servo track writing performance.
Feldspar in Atlantic Continental Margin Sands off the Southeastern United States

Sand-size sediments on the Atlantic southeastern United States continental margin are generally low in feldspar; this reflects the deeply weathered source area. The feldspar content of sediments indicates that shelf sands are derived mainly from Piedmont Province rivers and that contour currents may be important in distributing continental rise sands. There is no clear indication of significant ice-age subaerial weathering of feldspar on the shelf or on present day beaches. However, the size distribution of feldspar in continental shelf sands compared to the size distribution of feldspar in river sands indicates that the shelf sands have undergone a significant abrasional history subsequent to contribution from rivers.
The third RNA recognition motif of Drosophila ELAV protein has a role in multimerization

ELAV is a neuron-specific RNA-binding protein in Drosophila that is required for development and maintenance of neurons. ELAV regulates alternative splicing of Neuroglian and erect wing (ewg) transcripts, and has been shown to form a multimeric complex on the last ewg intron. The protein has three RNA recognition motifs (RRM1, 2 and 3) with a hinge region between RRM2 and 3. In this study, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to determine the multimerization domain of ELAV. Using deletion constructs, we mapped an interaction activity to a region containing most of RRM3. We found three conserved short sequences in RRM3 that were essential for the interaction, and also sufficient to give the interaction activity to RRM2 when introduced into it. In our in vivo functional assay, a mutation in one of the three sequences showed reduced activity in splicing regulation, underlining the functional importance of multimerization. However, RRM2 with the three RRM3 interaction sequences did not function as RRM3 in vivo, which suggested that multimerization is not the only function of RRM3. Our results are consistent with a model in which RRM3 serves as a bi-functional domain that interacts with both RNA and protein.
Diffusion Couples as Electrical Insulation Aging Monitors

Most aging phenomena are temperature dependent as indicated by the Arrhenius equation. Knowledge of probable aging rates is necessary for practical engineering design of equipment, and aging rates of many electrical insulation systems have been studied in detail. Service life expectancies can therefore be confidently estimated for particular insulation systems in specific thermal environments. However, it is not possible to assure that all electrical equipments will be operated within the design environments and ratings. Thus, variations in service life performance of electrical equipments often reflect variations in operating conditions. It has not been economically feasible to measure actual conditions of use and exposure of most electrical equipments. An inexpensive monitor of thermal exposures has been recently developed. The resistance changes of bimetallic elements are in accord with the Arrhenius model for normal diffusion. Selection of metals that interdiffuse with temperature sensitivity equivalent to that of an insulation system of known thermal aging behavior allows use of the bimetallic diffusion couple as an indirect monitor of the actual insulation thermal degradation. A preferred form of the bimetal is a composite wire, comprising alternate concentric layers of two pure metals. The diffusion couple must be placed in a location which exhibits a representative, if not identical, thermal exposure of the insulation system to be monitored. The monitors may be "built-in" and read in-situ or they may be inserted as replaceable probes which can be retrieved and returned to a central test facility for evaluation.
Towards global network positioning

We propose a new approach to predict Internet network distance called Global Network Positioning (GNP). This approach models the Internet as a geometric space and distributedly computes geometric coordinates to characterize the positions of hosts in the Internet. By conducting Internet experiments, we show that the geometric distances implied by the GNP hosts coordinates can accurately predict the Internet network distances.
Changes in Surface Air Temperature Caused by Desiccation of the Aral Sea

A statistical method for establishing the cause‐effect relationship between a land surface modification and some component of observed climatic change is presented. This method aids attribution in two ways. First, the climatic changes that are unique to the area influenced by some land surface modification are identified. This isolates changes caused by the spatially restricted forcing from changes caused by other factors. Second, most of the short-term climatic variability in the records from the affected area is removed based on information from the surrounding region. This makes it possible to identify smaller climatic changes. This method is used to identify the changes in surface air temperature that have resulted from desiccation of the Aral Sea (1960‐97). Desiccation has weakened the ‘‘lake effect’’ of the Aral Sea, so regional climatic changes are expected. Substantial temperature trends, unrelated to desiccation, are observed across a broad region of central Asia (;2000 km) between 1960 and 1997. These trends are similar in magnitude to the changes from desiccation. These trends are removed from the records from the Aral region because they would enhance or offset the local temperature changes caused by desiccation. There is also substantial year-to-year temperature variability that is spatially coherent across central Asia. The method used here removes ;80%‐90% of this short-term variability in the observed temperature records from the Aral region. This lowers the climate change detection limit from ;38‐88 Ct o;18‐28C, which improves the identification of the spatial extent of the desiccation-induced changes. The climate records from around the Aral Sea show dramatic temperature changes between 1960 and 1997, once regionally coherent trends and variability are removed. Mean, maximum, and minimum temperature near the Aral Sea have changed by up to 68C. Warming (cooling) is observed during spring and summer (autumn and winter), as expected to accompany the diminished lake effect caused by desiccation. The magnitude of temperature changes decreases with increasing distance from the 1960 shoreline, with changes extending up to ;200 km from the shoreline in the downwind direction. An increase in diurnal temperature range of 28‐38 Ci s observed in all months, demonstrating a weakening of the lake’s damping effect on the diurnal temperature cycle.
Development and Use of a Cyclic Voltammetry Simulator To Introduce Undergraduate Students to Electrochemical Simulations

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a popular technique for the study of electrochemical mechanisms because the method can provide useful information on the redox couple. The technique involves the application of a potential ramp on an unstirred solution while the current is monitored, and then the ramp is reversed for a return sweep. CV is sometimes introduced in undergraduate chemistry laboratories. The CV waveform is dependent on several processes including charge transfer, diffusion, and coupled homogeneous reactions. Computer simulations are sometimes used to study these effects. An easy-to-use CV simulator was written in Microsoft Excel for the purpose of teaching undergraduate students and to serve as an entryway to more sophisticated electrochemical simulations.
Metal-induced charge transfer, structural distortion, and orbital order in SrTiO 3 thin films

The atomic and electronic properties of the Cs/SrTiO${}_{3}$ heterostructure are investigated using density functional theory. Our results suggest that an antiferrodistortive (AFD) or a ferroelectric (FE) like distortion could be induced in SrTiO${}_{3}$ (STO) by a Cs layer, depending on the interface bonding geometry between the metal and the oxide. Furthermore, while the AFD distortion extends throughout the STO region, the FE-like distortion decays within two layers of STO. Independent of the interface geometry, we find a large ${e}_{g}$ orbital splitting (orbital order) around the interface, leading to an ${e}_{g}$-based two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined within the two layers of STO, which is fundamentally different from the conventional ${t}_{2g}$-based 2DEG in this material. This unique feature can be understood in terms of the local orbital mixing at the interface. We discuss the relation between the orbital order and structural distortion.
Modeling of Hydrate Dissociation Conditions for Alkanes in the Presence of Single and Mixed Electrolyte Solutions Using Ion-Based Statistical Associating Fluid Theory

Ion-based statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT2), coupled with the van der Waals and Platteeuw model for hydrate phase, is applied to describe the hydrate dissociation conditions for methane, ethane, and propane in the presence of single and mixed electrolyte solutions containing NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2. The model, which can be conveniently applied to mixed electrolyte solutions, is found to provide accurate predictions of the hydrate inhibition effects of these electrolyte solutions. The effect of different salt concentrations on the alkane hydrate dissociation conditions is also well-captured.
XVIII: Man and Animals in Recent Poetry

In American poetry written since the World War one of the most significant new developments is now seen to be the fascination which animal life holds for the poet. In American periodicals during the last fifteen years, 236 writers have been publishing earnest and philosophical poems about animals. In 1933 and 1934 the newest poets—Frederick Prokosch, Frances Frost, Marie Welch, Audrey Wurdemann, Joseph Auslander, Laura Benet, and above all Robert Tristram Coffin—were writing of little else. And practically every one in the older groups, whether traditional or radical, simple or esoteric, has written occasional poems about them. Notably Robert Frost, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Elinor Wylie, Hart Crane, Robinson Jeffers, Padriac Colum, and D. H. Lawrence have dealt with the subject repeatedly.
Effect of Root Rot and Rhizoglyphus robini on Greenhouse-Forced Easter Lily Development

Easter lily bulbs, Lilium longiflorum , Thumb., “Ace”, from Oregon contained an average 1.95 Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede per bulb. Bulbs inoculated with Pythium ultimum Trow and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. produced smaller plants with fewer buds and had more root rot and mites than uninoculated plants. Benomyl and Truban® applications significantly reduced root rot, partially alleviated fungal influence on bud counts, and fully alleviated fungal influence on plant height but had no influence on R. robini numbers. A 30-min dicofol soak before potting significantly reduced bulb mite numbers. No relationship was found between mite number and root rating, bud count, plant height, or days to flower. No treatment differences were found for number of days from plant emergence to first flower. A modified Berlese-Tullgren system used to extract mites was more sensitive and convenient than visual examination of individual bulbs.
Heavy metal levels in acculturated and unacculturated populations.

In the comparison of metals in the hair, blood, and urine of 100 acculturated and 90 unacculturated individuals copper level was found to be the same in both groups. Levels of lead and cadmium were found to be markedly lower in the unacculturated population. Mercury was the same, higher, or lower in the unacculturated population, depending on sex and location. The higher values resulted from levels in men. On the basis of current knowledge, elevated levels may derive from exposure to alkyl mercury.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-based multidentate oligomers for biocompatible semiconductor and gold nanocrystals.

We have developed a new set of multifunctional multidentate OligoPEG ligands, each containing a central oligomer on which were laterally grafted several short poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) moieties appended with either thioctic acid (TA) or terminally reactive groups. Reduction of the TAs (e.g., in the presence of NaBH4) provides dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA)-appended oligomers. Here the insertion of PEG segments in the ligand structure promotes water solubility and reduces nonspecific interactions, while TA and DHLA groups provide multidentate anchoring onto Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and ZnS-overcoated semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), respectively. The synthetic route involves simple coupling chemistry using N,N-dicylohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Water-soluble QDs and AuNPs capped with these ligands were prepared via cap exchange. As prepared, the nanocrystals dispersions were aggregation-free, homogeneous, and stable for extended periods of time over pH ranging from 2 to 14 and in the presence of excess electroly...
From Incapacitation to Criminal Careers

Thinking about reducing crime through incarceration inevitably leads to deterrence and incapacitation, and incapacitation inevitably leads to measuring individual offending frequency or lambda, since the high-lambda offenders would be priority candidates for incarceration. A second major issue involves estimating the duration of a criminal career, and especially the residual career after a particular intervention, since longer sentences would waste prison capacity. That immersion in criminal careers inevitably leads to questions of sequences of crime types over the course of a career, their seriousness, and specialization. And that raises questions about the distribution of all these parameters and their determinants. With all these questions on the table, it was natural for the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to create a panel to start sorting them out and pointing directions for the future.
Factors contributing to eviction from permanent supportive housing: Lessons from HUD-VASH.

Abstract Introduction Eviction from housing is associated with several negative outcomes, further exacerbated among high-need populations requiring financial and supportive services to maintain housing stability. This study investigated risk and protective factors—both characteristics and precipitating events of tenant eviction—informing permanent supportive housing (PSH) programs’ efforts to identify tenants at risk and intervene. Methods Using administrative data for a cohort of 20,146 Veterans participating in PSH, this study assessed differences in Veterans who exited the program due to eviction and Veterans who exited because they accomplished their goals. A series of logistic regressions identified patterns of health services use that may signal imminent eviction. Results Veterans with a drug use disorder and those who received inpatient, emergency, or outpatient care related to mental/behavioral health and substance use conditions proximal to program exit had greater risk for eviction. Receipt of outpatient primary medical care and supportive services was generally protective against eviction. The likelihood of eviction was greatest for Veterans with acute care use within 30 days of exit. Discussion PSH providers may use these correlates of eviction to identify Veterans in need of an intervention to prevent eviction. Future work should focus on operationalizing these findings and identifying appropriate interventions.
Algorithms, networks, and social phenomena

We consider the development of computational models for systems involving social networks and large human audiences. In particular, we focus on the spread of information and behavior through such systems, and the ways in which these processes are affected by the underlying network structure.
Data Mining for New Two- and One-Dimensional Weakly Bonded Solids and Lattice-Commensurate Heterostructures

Layered materials held together by weak interactions including van der Waals forces, such as graphite, have attracted interest for both technological applications and fundamental physics in their layered form and as an isolated single-layer. Only a few dozen single-layer van der Waals solids have been subject to considerable research focus, although there are likely to be many more that could have superior properties. To identify a broad spectrum of layered materials, we present a novel data mining algorithm that determines the dimensionality of weakly bonded subcomponents based on the atomic positions of bulk, three-dimensional crystal structures. By applying this algorithm to the Materials Project database of over 50,000 inorganic crystals, we identify 1173 two-dimensional layered materials and 487 materials that consist of weakly bonded one-dimensional molecular chains. This is an order of magnitude increase in the number of identified materials with most materials not known as two- or one-dimensional ...
Invoking landscapes of spatialized inequality: Race, class, and place in Philadelphia’s school closure debate

ABSTRACTThis article considers the intersection of school closure recommendations in Philadelphia in 2013 with neighborhood race and class demographics and explores how neighborhood stakeholders situated themselves in space in protesting school closures. Quantitative analysis reveals that census tracts where schools were slated for closure had disproportionately lower income and higher representation of African American residents than those tracts without closure recommendations. Qualitative analysis of testimony at public meetings and subsequent interviews with neighborhood stakeholders highlights 3 ways in which stakeholders invoked their spatial positionality on this landscape: (1) by framing school closure as confirmation and perpetuation of past place-based inequities and marginalization, (2) by describing school closure as a burden unequally borne by poor and African-American communities, and (3) by portraying school closure as a harbinger of displacement. The article highlights the ways in which st...
A Dedicated Neurological Infectious Disease Consult Service: One Year of Experience (P04.016)

OBJECTIVE: To examine and descriptively report the findings of a dedicated neurological infectious disease (NID) consultation service at our hospital. BACKGROUND: Neuro-infectious diseases are often complex, misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. If left undiagnosed, they have significant morbidity and mortality. The establishment of a subspecialty such as the Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU) resulted in improved care and outcomes. Few institutions have implemented a dedicated inpatient NID service. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective review of all patients consulted to the NID service between March 2011 and March 2012 at our center. Demographic data, consulting service, reason for consult, laboratory and vitals, final diagnosis and clinic follow up notes were reviewed. RESULTS: In one year, there were 383 NID consults done in 364 patients. Mean age was 53 with a standard deviation of 17 years. There were 181 males (50%). Neurosurgery was the most common consulting service (46%) followed by Neurology (22%), and Internal Medicine (16%). Suspected acute meningitis was the most common reason for consult (27.23%) followed by suspected central nervous system (CNS) abscess (18.72%), suspected encephalitis/myelitis (18.3%), and altered mental status with fever (11.1%). Fever (>38 C) was seen in 47%. CSF pleocytosis (>5 cells) in 63% and CSF hypoglycorrhachia in 12%. In 98% of the consults, a final diagnosis was made. Most commonly, a non-infectious CNS disease process that mimicked an infection was diagnosed (21%) followed by a diagnosis of CNS abscess (13%) and encephalitis (13%). The most common non-infectious CNS disease was demyelinating/auto-immune disorder. CONCLUSIONS: In most patients seen by the NID service a final diagnosis was reached. The most common diagnoses were non-ID CNS diseases that mimic an infection. Knowledge of these mimics is important in approaching these patients. The implementation of a dedicated NID service can result in accurate diagnosis. Disclosure: Dr. George has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shrestha has nothing to disclose. Dr. van Duin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bhimraj has nothing to disclose.
Kidney and Adrenal Glands

In the kidney, imaging studies like ultrasonography (US), MRI, and CT are very accurate in diagnosing renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and benign cysts. Only <10% of adult renal lesions are candidates for FNA, and FNA plays a very important role in diagnosis and patient management. For pediatric tumors like Wilms tumor, because of the recent changes made in staging criteria, FNA procedure no longer leads to clinical upstaging; this may increase the use of FNA in pediatric population. Recently a more conservative treatment of a small renal lesion (<3 or 4 cm) has been introduced, and a preoperative diagnosis is often required. In the adrenal gland, the most common lesions are metastasis and adrenal adenoma. The most common metastases are lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, melanoma, and RCC. The primary tumors of the adrenal gland fall into two categories: adrenal cortical adenoma and carcinoma in the cortex and pheochromocytoma in the medulla. FNA proved to be a very effective tool to distinguish benign adrenal nodules from metastatic tumors in the workup of known malignancy at other sites and diagnose infections such as histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, or cryptococcosis that may mimic a primary adrenal tumor. Recently EUS-guided FNAB has been successfully performed on adrenal glands and played an important role in the preoperative assessment of lung carcinoma.
A New Way to View the Magnitude of the Difference between the Arithmetic Mean and the Geometric Mean and the Difference between the Slopes When a Continuous Dependent Variable Is Expressed in Raw Form Versus Logged Form

In Trond Petersen’s “Multiplicative Models for Continuous Dependent Variables: Estimation on Unlogged versus Logged Form” (this volume, pp. 113–164), the following phenomenon is noted: With the ari...
Understanding the impact of adaptations to a parent-mediated intervention on parents' ratings of perceived barriers, program attributes, and intent to use.

Within the autism spectrum disorder field, rates of attrition in parent-mediated interventions have highlighted the need to engage families around improving the delivery of these services. The primary goal of this study was to approximate the impact of adaptations to an evidence-based, parent-mediated intervention, Project ImPACT (Improving Parents as Communication Teachers), that had been made in collaboration with families in a Medicaid system. A total of 103 parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder were randomized to watch a presentation of either the original or adapted Project ImPACT program. After watching the presentation, participants rated (1) demographic information, (2) perceived structural barriers, (3) Project ImPACT attributes, and (4) intent to use the program. Results from hierarchical linear regression models demonstrated that program type alone predicted parents’ ratings of perceived structural barriers. Additionally, both program type and the interaction of program type and annu...
Retinal Prostheses: Bioengineering Considerations

A typical retinal prosthesis is composed of multiple main functional blocks that operate as an integrated system, including an image acquisition module, an electronics module, and an electrode array. The image acquisition device is responsible for obtaining light information. The images are converted to electrical signals and processed by the electronics module into an electrical stimulation pattern that is applied to the retina through multielectrode array. These three main functional blocks are implemented in a variety of ways. Implementation depends on whether the array is passive (no implanted power source) or active (implanted power source). Another distinguishing design choice of retinal prostheses is the location of electrode array forming a functional interface with retina, which fall into three types: epiretinal (on the top surface of retina), subretinal (between retina and RPE/choroid), and suprachoroidal prostheses (between sclera and choroid). In this chapter, we will review important bioengineering considerations for retinal prostheses.
Mother and child personality traits associated with common feeding strategies and child body mass index.

The feeding strategies that parents use with their children shape their children's attitudes and behaviors toward food. The present research examined whether personality traits of the mother and the child are associated with the types of feeding strategies mothers use with their children. The present research also examined whether these characteristics are associated with the child's body mass index (BMI). Mothers (N = 2928) reported how often they used three feeding strategies (Restriction, Pressure to Eat, Monitoring) with the target child and their personality and the personality of the child. Both mother and child Conscientiousness were associated significantly with less use of Restriction and Pressure to Eat and more use of Monitoring. Child Openness and Agreeableness were likewise related to less use of Restriction and Pressure to Eat. Mother and child Conscientiousness were associated with child obesity: Children with obesity scored lower in Conscientiousness and also had mothers who scored lower on this trait; Restriction and Pressure to Eat partially mediated the association between mother Conscientiousness and child BMI. The present findings suggest that individual differences in both mother and child personality are associated with the use of three common feeding strategies in childhood and the child's weight.
Glass formation and structural analysis of Na4P2S7-xOx, 0 ≤ x ≤ 7 sodium oxy-thiophosphate glasses

Abstract The short-range order (SRO) structures of glasses in the Na4P2S7-xOx, 0 ≤ x ≤ 7 system were investigated on samples prepared by planetary ball milling (PBM). Like other glasses prepared by PBM, the glassy nature of the prepared materials was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) showing that they were structurally amorphous and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showing that each composition exhibited a reproducible glass transition temperature (Tg). The SRO structure of these glasses were determined using a combination of Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and 31P Magic Angle Spinning NMR (MAS NMR) spectroscopies to investigate how oxygen and sulfur are bonded in the various SRO structural units that were found in these glasses. The three spectroscopic techniques gave further evidence that the resulting glasses were completely reacted from their starting polycrystalline materials Na2S, P2S5 and P2O5. It was found that significant disproportionation reactions occur in these compositions in which the original as-batched and expected pyro-phosphate SRO units, P1 = 2 Na/P, for x = 0 undergo a transformation to form charge compensated amounts of ortho-phosphate (P0, 3 Na/P) and meta-phosphate (P2, 1 Na/P) SRO structures with increasing x such that there is a conservation of Na+ charge, on average 2Na/P. In this nomenclature, the superscript is the total number of bridging sulfurs (BSs) and bridging oxygens (BOs), three minus the superscript is the number of Na per P, and four minus the superscript is the total number of non-bridging sulfurs (NBSs) and non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) on each of the SRO units. As seen in earlier work on other mixed oxy-sulfide (MOS) glass forming systems, the stronger Lewis base O=, compared to S=, is found to preferentially form BOs in the form of P2 units by bonding to the stronger Lewis acid P+5, compared to Na+. This leaves the weaker Lewis base S= to bond to the weaker Lewis acid, Na+, in the form of NBSs on the charge compensation required P0 groups. Using both charge balance and quantitative 31P MAS NMR measurements, a complete composition map of all of the SRO structures present in these glasses has been determined.