cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of neutrophils and platelet-activating factor in mediating experimental pancreatitis

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Pancreatitis is characterized by inflammation and death of acinar cells. Death can occur by either necrosis or apoptosis. The initial injury may cause expression of cytokines that mediate activation and infiltration of neutrophils. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of neutrophils and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in cell death responses. METHODS: The effects of neutrophil depletion with antineutrophil serum (ANS) and a PAF antagonist (BN52021) were measured in the cerulein model of pancreatitis. Rats received a 6-hour intravenous infusion of cerulein either alone or after treatment with ANS, BN52021, or both. RESULTS: Cerulein-induced pancreatitis was characterized by neutrophilic infiltration, vacuolization of acinar cells, and foci of necrosis. Treatment with ANS and BN52021 prevented the inflammatory response caused by cerulein and decreased the cell damage. Treatment with ANS increased apoptosis in cerulein-infused animals. When BN52021 was added, apoptosis was abolished. The measurement of PAF in pancreatic tissue showed a ninefold increase with cerulein treatment alone and a 14-fold increase in cerulein-infused, neutrophil-depleted animals. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that cerulein stimulates pancreatic production of PAF. PAF mediates both apoptosis and neutrophil chemotaxis in the pancreas. Neutrophils in turn may convert acinar cells undergoing apoptosis into necrotic cells. (Gastroenterology 1996 Oct;111(4):1081-91)
Bases Consisting of Rational Functions of Uniformly Bounded Degrees or More General Functions

We prove in this paper the existence of a Schauder basis for C[0, 1] consisting of rational functions of uniformly bounded degrees. This solves an open question of some years standing concerning the possible existence of such bases. This result follows from a more general construction of bases on R and [0, 1]. We prove that the new bases are unconditional bases for Lp, 1<p<∞, and Besov spaces. On [0, 1], they are Schauder bases for C[0, 1] as well. The new bases are utilized for nonlinear approximation.
Structure of d(ITITACAC) complexed with distamycin at 1.6 A resolution.

The crystal structure of the DNA octamer d(ITITACAC)2 complexed with distamycin has been determined at 1.6 A resolution and refined to a final Rwork and Rfree of 17.0 and 20.7%, respectively. Two molecules of distamycin bind to the DNA duplex in an antiparallel side-by-side fashion. Each drug molecule covers five base pairs of the DNA duplex, with its amide groups hydrogen-bonding to bases in the proximal DNA strand. These two antiparallel drug molecules are stacked together with the pyrrole rings of one molecule stacking against the amide groups of the other. The present structure emphasizes the features of alternating DNA octamers in interaction with distamycin.
Specificity of Intertubular Capillary Changes: Comparative Ultrastructural Studies in Renal Allografts and Native Kidneys

The pathophysiology of chronic rejection of renal allografts is poorly understood and specific morphologic markers are being sought for its diagnosis. Ultrastructural splitting and reduplication of the basal lamina of the intertubular capillaries (ITCs) have been shown to be consistently associated with transplant glomerulopathy (TG) in renal allografts and have been used as a marker of chronic allograft rejection. Although the presence of ITC abnormalities is extremely helpful diag-nostically and has been considered a surrogate for the diagnosis of TG when glomeruli are not available for examination, their specificity has not been tested. This study examined 135 biopsy specimens from renal allografts and native kidneys and categorized the ITC basal lamina alterations into 5 patterns. The results showed that although marked ITC basal lamina abnormalities are characteristically seen in association with TG, lesser degrees of these changes may also be found in native kidneys and in transplants with other typ...
Conformational Study of the Alanine Dipeptide at the MP2 and DFT Levels

Conformations of an important model system, the alanine dipeptide, have been calculated by using high-level, ab initio electronic structure theory. A Ramachandran plot, with the angle φ in the range −180° to 90° and the angle ψ in the range −60° to 180°, was generated by using density functional theory with the generalized-gradient BLYP functional and a polarized triple-ζ basis set (TZVP+). Six conformers, C7eq, C5, C7ax, β2, αL, and α‘, have been identified in this region of the Ramachandran plot. A second derivative (frequency) analysis showed that all conformers are stable at this level of theory. These structures were used as starting points for geometry optimizations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level. Single-point energies were calculated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ and MP2/aug-cc-pVQZ levels at the final MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ structures and together with the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ results were used in extrapolations to the complete basis set limit. The N−H···O, N−H···N, and C−H···O hydrogen bond interactions that are key ...
Low Data-Rate Video Conferencing

A feasibility study has been completed on a narrow-band video conferencing system. Gray-scale images are converted to bi-level images and further processed to remove inconsistencies within the mappings. Ordered run-length coding of difference frames is used to update the areas of the image that are most likely to change and to be perceptually important first. Sequences of 15 (128 x 120) bi-level frames/s have been successfully transmitted at rates hard-limited at 19.2 kbits/s.
77)Se enrichment of proteins expands the biological NMR toolbox.

Sulfur, a key contributor to biological reactivity, is not amendable to investigations by biological NMR spectroscopy. To utilize selenium as a surrogate, we have developed a generally applicable (77)Se isotopic enrichment method for heterologous proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. We demonstrate (77)Se NMR spectroscopy of multiple selenocysteine and selenomethionine residues in the sulfhydryl oxidase augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR). The resonances of the active-site residues were assigned by comparing the NMR spectra of ALR bound to oxidized and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide. An additional resonance appears only in the presence of the reducing agent and disappears readily upon exposure to air and subsequent reoxidation of the flavin. Hence, (77)Se NMR spectroscopy can be used to report the local electronic environment of reactive and structural sulfur sites, as well as changes taking place in those locations during catalysis.
Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of chloroplast membranes. I. Analysis of surface-localized proteins.

Abstract Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of chloroplast membranes has been employed to characterize the vectorial distribution of lamellar proteins. The enzymatic reaction is highly specific for only the outermost membrane components (Phillips, D. R. and Morrison, M. (1971) Biochemistry 10, 1766–1771); we have determined the distribution of 125 I label and changes in photochemical activities after iodination in an effort to identify these components. Three major conclusions are evident: 1. 1. The coupling factor for photophosphorylation is highly exposed and is selectively and rapidly inhibited by the iodination reaction. 2. 2. A loss of Photosystem I activity (NADP reduction) resulted from iodination. Partial reactions indicated the effect was on electron-transport components on the reducing side of Photosystem I. There was also a limited inhibition of methyl viologen reduction. 3. 3. Iodination of intact membranes caused a reduction in rates of Photosystem II-dependent Hill reaction activity. This inhibition could not be explained solely on the basis of iodination effects on electron-transport components involved in the oxidation of water. The implications of these data with respect to previous chloroplast-membrane models are discussed.
The Effect of Continuous Light on Refractive Error and the Ocular Components of the Rat

Abstract Phototoxic induced degeneration of the rat retina is a well-documented phenomenon resulting in losses of photoreceptors and their cell bodies, and an overall retinal thinning. This process may serve as a test of the hypothesis that the retinoscopic reflex originates from the inner limiting membrane of the retina. Retinal thinning should produce myopia in the absence of any other ocular component changes in a stable, mature eye if the inner limiting membrane model is correct. Phototoxic retinal degeneration was induced in 10 albino rats by exposure to 19 days of continuous light (1,800 cd m−2). Another 10 albino rats exposed to 12-hr on/12-hr off cycled light served as controls. Before and after the exposure to constant light, measures were made of refractive state by cycloplegic retinoscopy, corneal curvature and lens curvature by Purkinje image photography, and axial length of the globe by A-scan ultrasonography. Comparing pre- to post-exposure values, phototoxic degeneration resulted in a mean (± s.d. ) myopic shift of −5.10±2.12 D (P
Survey of practicing cardiologists in maryland on their choice of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction

In November 1990, we surveyed 160 practicing community cardiologists in the state of Maryland and 20 academic cardiologists at the University of Maryland Medical Center to determine each individual's preference for aggressive versus nonaggressive therapy for various presentations of acute myocardial infarction. The survey was repeated in April 1991 following a report of the results of the Third International Study of Infarct Survival. All 100 responding cardiologists chose aggressive therapy to manage an early (less than 2 hours) acute anterior myocardial infarction in a 50-year-old patient. However, less aggressive therapy was chosen by many community cardiologists for management of early inferior acute myocardial infarction or for elderly patients. Most community cardiologists chose tissue plasminogen activator as their thrombolytic drug of choice, whereas university cardiologists favored streptokinase. Although there were substantial shifts in choice of thrombolytic agent on the repeat survey, most community physicians still chose tissue plasminogen activator over the less expensive streptokinase.
Injecting cosmopolitanism into the geography classroom

Cosmopolitanism is an ethical, moral, and political philosophy with profound geographical implications. In extending circles of compassion to a worldwide scale, it encourages respect for difference, including the concerns of distant strangers. This essay outlines the precepts of cosmopolitanism, its historical development, and the challenges it poses to nationalism. It justifies teaching cosmopolitanism in geography courses based on the need for empathetic understanding in an age of intense globalization. It offers strategies for teaching cosmopolitanism that seek to challenge students' geographical imaginations, including the author's experiences. The conclusion links teaching cosmopolitanism to geographies of care and caring.
Efficient image compression with optimized biorthogonal wavelets

A new parameterization approach for the construction of biorthogonal wavelets has revealed the possibility of deriving optimized biorthogonal filterbanks. Such a design methodology incorporates various optimization criteria and the regularity requirement into a single procedure while maintaining the usual perfect reconstruction principle. Because of the parameterization, the additional design procedure becomes fundamentally an unconstrained optimization problem. The method provides examples of new biorthogonal dual filters of slightly shorter length with comparable performance characteristics to that of traditional biorthogonal dual filters of longer length. Image coding using such new filterbanks becomes more efficient while maintaining similar quality. Preliminary studies in image coding will be reported in the presentation.
Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride: Raman spectrum of the liquid☆

Abstract The Raman spectrum of liquid hydrogen fluoride has been measured at a series of temperatures between −34·1°C and 49°C. Complex bands were found at displacements of 150, 400–700, 1000–1300 and 3000–3600 cm −1 . The intensity distribution within each of these bands is markedly temperature dependent. From the complexity of the temperature dependence and previously reported vapor density data, we conclude that a model involving all polymer species will be shown to be more correct than a model greatly emphasizing the hexamer.
Nature of virtual teams: a summary of their advantages and disadvantages

Purpose – This paper aims to extend knowledge about virtual teams and their advantages and disadvantages in a global business environment.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review and reported findings from interviews with experts and practitioners in the field, the paper has identified and discussed the advantages and problems associated with creating and managing virtual teams.Findings – In today's competitive global economy, organizations capable of rapidly creating virtual teams of talented people can respond quickly to changing business environments. Capabilities of this type offer organizations a form of competitive advantage.Originality/value – By identifying the advantages and problems associated with virtual teams, organizations will be better able to successfully establish and manage such teams.
Energy intake, parental control of children's eating, and physical activity in siblings discordant for adiposity

Studying siblings discordant for adiposity allows for identifying risk factors for obesity by testing whether there is low familiality or resemblance of energy balance behaviors and then whether sibling differences in these behaviors are associated with differences in their adiposity. Nineteen sibling pairs discordant for overweight were assessed for physical activity, laboratory-based food consumption (single food, variety of foods), and parental control of child feeding behaviors. There was virtually no familiality for physical activity and energy intake during a single food meal. Sibling differences in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and energy intake independently predicted differences in their adiposity. There was high familiality for increased energy intake (responsivity) when presented with a meal composed of a variety of foods, and sibling differences in responsivity did not predict sibling differences in adiposity. Parent concern and monitoring of child eating had only slight familiality and were associated with sibling differences in adiposity. In conclusion, sibling differences in MVPA and energy intake and parent concern and monitoring of child eating may promote differences in adiposity. Increased responsivity to dietary variety by overweight siblings does not appear to promoting sibling discordance in overweight as normal weight and overweight siblings responded similarly to dietary variety.
Organochlorines in carpet dust and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Background:The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has risen over the past several decades. Reasons for this increase are largely unexplained.Methods:In this population-based case–control study, we examined NHL risk and exposure to organochlorine compounds using concentrations in carpet dust as
STUDIES ON LIVER THREONINE DEHYDROGENASE.

Abstract A soluble preparation of l -threonine dehydrogenase was obtained from bull frog liver mitochondria, and the enzyme was partially purified. The K m of the substrate was found by a colorimetric method to be 7.5 × 10 −3 M , and by a spectrophotometric method to be 6.1 × 10 −3 M . The optimum activity of the enzyme was at pH 7.8. No metal ion requirements for the l -threonine dehydrogenase were detected.
A nonsmooth Newton method for variational inequalities, II: numerical results

This paper presents the results of extensive computational testing of the modified damped Newton algorithm for solving variational inequality problems presented in Part I [8].
An investigation of compliance-gaining as politeness.

This study considers an alternative perspective on the compliance-gaining phenomenon, specifically the theory of politeness articulated by Brown and Levinson (1978). They posit that all interaction is characterized by concern over the other person's autonomy needs and his or her desire to be liked, manifested in message behavior that addresses these needs (i.e., politeness). Brown and Levinson's typology of politeness strategies was translated into 32 items to which 155 respondents indicated likelihood of use and perceived politeness. Respondents assessed the items while imagining themselves in one of eight hypothetical scenarios created to manipulate the three situational factors posited as significant by Brown and Levinson: relationship distance, relationship power, and the magnitude of the request. A factor analysis reduced the 32 tactics to four underlying factors, which in turn served as one variable set for a canonical correlation whose second variable set was the situational factors and the agent's gender. Results indicated that females and persons in close relationships use more polite tactics than males and persons in more distant relationships. Secondarily, results also indicated that persons with power use less politeness than less powerful persons.
Malignant lymphoma with a high content of epithelioid histiocytes: Report of a T-cell variant of so-called lennert lymphoma and review of the literature

The present report describes the first case of well-differentiated nodular lymphocytic lymphoma evolving into Lennert lymphoma of T-cell origin. A 58-year-old white female developed malignant lymphoma, well-differentiated, lymphocytic type, nodular, with focal bone marrow involvement (stage IV) in May 1975. She received 16 cycles of cyclophosphamide and prednisone combination chemotherapy which was completed in October 1976. A complete remission was achieved. In December 1976, she relapsed and was treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, bleomycin, and prednisone until May 1977. Lymphadenopathy decreased until August 1978, but then increased again. Biopsy of an axillary lymph node was interpreted as Lennert lymphoma. She received methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and prednisone beginning in September 1978. When last seen in November 1979, she was in partial remission. Lymphoid cells obtained from lymph node which was involved with Lennert lymphoma consisted of 93% standard E-rosettes and 83% gravity E-rosettes. Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin on frozen sections was negative, but acid phosphatase (ACP) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reactions were strongly positive. These findings support a T-cell proliferation in Lennert lymphoma. A review of the literature reveals only four cases of Lennert lymphoma of T-cell origin.
Latency of Ocular Fixation upon the Second of Two Successive Stimuli

This report is concerned with the delays in fixating upon a visual stimulus which follows closely upon one preceding. Welford (1959) recently summarized and evaluated the theories that have been advanced on the general problem of increased delays in responding to the second of two sensory stimuli. None of the theories fits all the known facts. Nonetheless from one of the more tenable theories a speculative model can be set up as a framework for considering che latency data of this experiment. The model is constructed with the view that there is in the central mechanisms, interposed between the sensory reception of the stimulus and the execution of the movement of fixation, a single channel that can organize but one response at a time. This hypothetical model is borrowed directly from the writings of many investigators, among whom should be mentioned especially Vince (1948), Davis (1957, 1959), and Welford (1959). As will be apparent later, the model has serious shortcomings in describing the data of this experiment, the most obvious being that in some circumstances the movements to the first stimulus often can be modified or prevented by reception of a second stimulus if the interval between the two is short. This phenomenon was one of the three pointed out by Welford in his discussion of the hypothesis of the single-channel mechanism and referred to as the problem of "grouping."
Oxidative Addition of Phenyl Bromide to Pd(BINAP) vs Pd(BINAP)(amine). Evidence for Addition to Pd(BINAP)

The rates of oxidative addition of phenyl bromide to [Pd(BINAP)2] have been measured in the presence and absence of added amine to assess a previous hypothesis that addition to [Pd(BINAP)(amine)] is faster than addition to [Pd(BINAP)]. These data show that addition to the amine complex is not faster than addition to [Pd(BINAP)]. Instead, they are consistent with oxidative addition, even in the presence of amine, to [Pd(BINAP)] as the major pathway. These data underscore the value of studying the stoichiometric reactions of isolated complexes when assessing the mechanism of a catalytic process.
A device for separated and reversible co-culture of cardiomyocytes.

A novel technique is introduced for patterning and controllably merging two cultures of adherent cells on a microelectrode array (MEA) by separation with a removable physical barrier. The device was first demonstrated by separating two cardiomyocyte populations, which upon merging synchronized electrical activity. Next, two applications of this co-culture device are presented that demonstrate its flexibility as well as outline different metrics to analyze co-cultures. In a differential assay, the device contained two distinct cell cultures of neonatal wild-type and β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) knockout cardiomyocytes and simultaneously exposed them with the β-AR agonist isoproterenol. The beat rate and action potential amplitude from each cell type displayed different characteristic responses in both unmerged and merged states. This technique can be used to study the role of β-receptor signaling and how the corresponding cellular response can be modulated by neighboring cells. In the second application, action potential propagation between modeled host and graft cell cultures was shown through the analysis of conduction velocity across the MEA. A co-culture of murine cardiomyocytes (host) and murine skeletal myoblasts (graft) demonstrated functional integration at the boundary, as shown by the progression of synchronous electrical activity propagating from the host into the graft cell populations. However, conduction velocity significantly decreased as the depolarization waves reached the graft region due to a mismatch of inherent cell properties that influence conduction. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Correlation of Grain-Size Distribution and Mineralogy with Depositional Environment in the Dakota Formation (Cretaceous) of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado: ABSTRACT

The depositional environment of units within the Dakota formation of the San Juan basin was determined by means of fossils, sedimentary structures, and facies relationships. Grain-size distribution, heavy-mineral content, and clay-mineral content were found to correlate well with the depositional environment in a manner similar to observations reported from modern sediments. Many depositional environments are represented in the Dakota formation, which grades from lenticular, non-marine sandstone and carbonaceous shale in the northwestern San Juan basin to regularly interstratified shale and very fine-grained sandstone in the southeastern San Juan basin. Dakota fluvial sandstones are fine-skewed and are generally poorly sorted. Dakota beach sandstones are coarse-skewed and well sorted, while Dakota offshore marine sandstones are fine-skewed and are generally moderately well sorted. The finer particles in Dakota offshore sandstones were winnowed from beaches and were deposited offshore. Dakota fluvial sandstones characteristically are fine-skewed. The finer particles in these fluvial sandstones were not winnowed and the competence of stream flow sets an upper limit to the size of particles transported. In a vertical series of samples from Dakota sandstones grading from nonmarine deposits below to marine deposits above, the degree of sorting increases upward into the lower part of the lowest marine sandstone (beach deposit) and gradually decreases in offshore sandstones above the beach sandstone. The change in skewness from coarse in the beach sandstone to fine in the fluvial and offshore marine sandstones is abrupt. Dakota non-marine shales contain much kaolinite with some illite. The amount of carbonaceous matter in the shales is inversely related to the amount of illite. Dakota marine shales contain much montmorillonite in addition to kaolinite and illite. Dakota sandstones derived from source areas north and west of the San Juan basin have a small, stable suite of heavy minerals in which zircon and tourmaline predominate. Most of these mineralogically simple sandstones are non-marine. Dakota marine sandstones, such as the Tres Hermanos and Twowells members, which were derived from source areas south of the San Juan basin, contain a suite of metamorphic minerals in addition to zircon and tourmaline. End_of_Article - Last_Page 540------------
A note on the quantum-statistical Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory

Abstract The Brillouin-Wigner form of quantum statistical perturbation theory is developed. This gives a better convergence to expansions used to calculate the thermodynamic functions of many-particle systems. The method is demonstrated on the linked-cluster expansion for the free energy of a system of conduction electrons interacting with a magnetic ion.
Nonlinear Dynamics of a Foil Bearing Supported Rotor System: Simulation and Analysis

Foil bearings provide noncontacting rotor support through a number of thin metal strips attached around the circumference of a stator and separated from the rotor by a fluid film. The resulting support stiffness is dominated by the characteristics of the foils and is a nonlinear function of the rotor deflection. The present study is concerned with characterizing this nonlinear effect and investigating its influence on rotordynamical behavior. A finite element model is developed for an existing bearing, the force versus deflection relation characterized, and the dynamics of a sample rotor system are studied. Some conclusions are discussed with regard to appropriate ranges of operation for such a system.
Estimation of the critical concentration in an anisotropic percolation network.

A formulation based on statistical arguments is presented for estimating the critical volume fraction of cylinders necessary for the formation of a three-dimensional percolation network. Parameters included in the analysis are the geometry of the cylinder and the state of orientation of the cylinders. The principal cylinder geometric parameter is shown to be the cylinder aspect ratio. The cylinder orientation distribution is described in terms of two orientation parameters; one describes the orientation state with respect to an ``axial'' orientation and the other with respect to a ``planar'' orientation. The analysis shows that the critical volume fraction for the formation of the percolation network will vary from less than 1% to more than 20%.
Schedule-dependent pulsed paclitaxel radiosensitization for thoracic malignancy.

The objective of this study was to apply preclinical research of paclitaxel radiosensitization to the treatment of thoracic malignancy. Human lung cancer cell line NCI520 and epidermoid cell line A431 were investigated in vitro for radiosensitizing effects of paclitaxel. Optimal schedule of paclitaxel treatment was applied to a clinical protocol as well as off-protocol treatment of thoracic malignancy. Pulsed paclitaxel with concurrent once-daily radiation was delivered every 48 hours during the week using doses of 15 mg/m 2 , 20 mg/m 2 , or 25 mg/m 2 in a phase I clinical trial of dose escalation. Preclinical data support the finding that low-dose paclitaxel is sufficient for radiosensitization. Data also support that delaying radiation is better than immediate radiation after drug treatment. Twenty-three patients have enrolled in the phase I clinical trial. Seventeen patients completed treatment (6 at 15 mg/m 2 ; 5 at 20 mg/m 2 ; and 6 at 25 mg/m 2 ). Mean tumor shrinkage at 4 to 6 weeks after therapy was 82%, 84%, and 84% for dose levels I, II, and III, respectively [average primary tumor shrinkage was 83% ± 8% (95% C.I.)]. Locoregional tumor response rate was 100% [12% (2/17) complete response and 88% (15/17) partial response] with low rates of toxicity. It is concluded that pulsed low-dose paclitaxel and radiation is a very effective and well-tolerated regimen for thoracic malignancy.
Results on the Erdős–Falconer distance problem in Zqd for odd q

Abstract The Erdős–Falconer distance problem in Z q d asks one to show that if E ⊂ Z q d is of sufficiently large cardinality, then the set of distances determined by E satisfies Δ ( E ) = Z q . Previous results were known only in the case q = p l , where p is an odd prime, and as such only showed that all units were obtained in the distance set. We give the first such result over rings Z q where q is no longer confined to be a prime power, and despite this, we show that the distance set of E contains all of Z q whenever E is of sufficiently large cardinality.
Cognitive development and parental loss among the gifted, the exceptionally gifted and the creative.

Stmzmary.-This paper reports an analysis of descriptions of children with IQs of 155 or better. It is suggested that these children be distinguished from gifted children by the :abel exceptionally gifred. The paper reports some important cognitive differences between the two groups as well as the high rare of early parental loss among historically famous highly intelligent persons. This finding is discussed in the light of how certain parent-child relationships might contribute to the development of cognidve giftedness into high level of creative behavior. Cox (1926) snggested that an IQ of 155 or higher characterized her Sample of geniuses; Galton (1869) defined true eminence as thac occurring once among 4000 men, which converts to an IQ close to 160. Galton believed such eminence was based on exceptionally high, inborn, ability. Review of the literature shows far less information regarding what could be termed the exceptionally gifted childrerz, i.e., IQs 155 or higher than we have regarding gifred children, i.e., IQs up to 135 or 140. Missing is a discrimination berween levels of giftedness such as that required to graduate from college from that level or type of giftedness which might be required to become eminent, i.e., become a Nobel laurea te. Earlier (Albert., 1969) we reviewed social science articles from 1927 to 1965. There were 135 articles regarding genius. The period of greatest interest was 1920 to 1930. After World War I1 interest shifts almost completely to giftedness and creativity. We now rarely see references to study of genius, although "genius" often anchors the highest limits of creativity and intelligence. Early interest in geni~~s was considerably different from professional interest in creativity and giftedness. A large part took up questions of pathology, heredity, and demography (45% of the references) ; much of the interest in creativity related to personality dynamics and cognitive processes and the conditions and characteristics related to or contributing to creativity (37%), and much less with the question of psychopathology, pathology, or ill health. Giftedness is very much a matter dealing with the education, the training or the identification of the gifted (68%). Nonetheless one of the main results of works on genius was to keep social scientists aware of productive people, who, by their very achievements have continuously raised questions concerning the bases of D 'Pars of this paper were presented at the Western Psychological Association meeting June 1969, Vancouver. Canada. The author expresses his thanks to Pirzer College for its support in this research.
Optimal α-β trees with capacity constraint

We consider a specific kind of binary trees with weighted edges. Each right edge has weight ? while each left edge has weight β. Furthermore, no path in the tree is allowed to contain L or more consecutive ?-edges, where L ? 1 is fixed. Given, ?, β, L and the number of nodes n, an optimal tree is one which minimizes the total weighted path length. Algorithms for constructing an optimal tree as well as all optimal trees for given ?, β, L and n are proposed and analyzed. Timing and storage requirements are also discussed.
Nanocomposites — the Multifunctional Family of Materials

This paper starts by discussing the concept of multifunctional materials. Multifunctionality can be achieved in a single phase in a composite or a mixture. While a few exceptional single phase materials such as diamond, Al2O3, CaSrZr4P6O24 exhibit peak values of more than one function, it will be argued that the “invention” of the nanocomposite class of materials made by solution sol-gel processing has opened up the potential for designing several multifunctional materials. Examples will be drawn from our recent results—both successes and failures—in trying to design and synthesize nanocomposites of two or more ceramic phases for various chemical, thermal, and electrical functions.
Improved outcomes associated with higher surgery rates for older patients with early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Although surgery offers the greatest chance of a cure for patients with early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), older and sicker patients often fail to undergo resection. The benefits of surgery in older patients and patients with multiple comorbidities are uncertain. METHODS: The authors identified a national cohort of 17,638 Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥66 years living in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) areas who were diagnosed with stage I or II NSCLC during 2001 to 2005. Areas with high and low rates of curative surgery for early stage lung cancer were compared to estimate the effectiveness of surgery in older and sicker patients. Logistic regression models were used to assess mortality according to the quintile of area-level surgery rates, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Less than 63% of patients underwent surgery in low-surgery areas, whereas >79% underwent surgery in high-surgery areas. High-surgery areas operated on more patients of advanced age and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than low-surgery areas. The adjusted all-cause 1 year mortality was 18% in high-surgery areas versus 22.8% in low-surgery areas (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-0.93) for each 10% increase in the surgery rate).The 1-year lung-cancer-specific mortality similarly was lower in high-surgery areas (12%) versus low-surgery areas (16.9%; adjusted OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82-0.91) for each 10% increase in the surgery rate. CONCLUSIONS: Higher rates of surgery for stage I/II NSCLC were associated with improved survival, even when older patients and sicker patients underwent resection. The authors concluded that more work is needed to identify and reduce barriers to surgery for early stage NSCLC. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Effect of Soybean Cyst Nematode on Growth of Dry Bean in the Field

Poromarto, S. H., Nelson, B. D., and Goswami, R. S. 2010. Effect of soybean cyst nematode on growth of dry bean in the field. Plant Dis. 94:1299-1304. Phaseolus vulgaris is a host of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines), but the effects of SCN on growth of dry bean plants are poorly understood. To study the effects of SCN (HG type 0) on dry bean, the cultivars GTS-900 (pinto bean), Montcalm (kidney bean), and Mayflower (navy bean) were evaluated in eight field experiments at four locations between 2007 and 2009. Plants were grown in a pasteurized Arveson loam soil that was infested with SCN eggs at densities ranging from 0 to 10,000 eggs/100 cm3 soil. Soil was placed in 14.6-liter plastic pots that were buried in the field with the bottoms removed. SCN reproduced on all three dry bean cultivars with reproduction factors (RF = number of eggs in the soil at harvest divided by number of eggs at planting) ranging from 6.1 to1.2. RFs were higher for dry bean plants growing at lower egg densities compared to higher densities. Pod number (PN), pod weight (PW), seed number (SN), and seed weight (SW) of GTS-900 were significantly less at 5,000 and 10,000 eggs/100 cm3 soil compared with the control. Averaged over those two egg densities, PN, PW, SN, and SW were reduced by 44 to 56% over the 2 years compared with the control. For Montcalm, significant reductions of 31 to 35% in PW, SN, SW, and total dry weight (TDW) in treatments of 2,500 and 5,000 eggs/100 cm 3 soil were recorded in 2009, but not in 2008. For Mayflower, significant reductions of 27 to 41% in PH, PW, SN, SW, and TDW in treatments of 2,500 and 5,000 eggs/100 cm 3 soil compared with the control were recorded in one out of two experiments in 2009. The reproduction of SCN on roots and the reduction in plant growth and seed yield on three different bean classes under field conditions indicates SCN is a potential threat to the large dry bean industry in the North Dakota–northern Minnesota region.
Myocardial bridges in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

It has been shown that in the patient with normal coronary arteries and normal left ventricular contractility, myocardial bridging does not reduce surviva1.l Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, however, may alter its significance: Ishimori et al2 have shown the prevalence of angiographically recognized bridges to be higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis, and hypertension. Noble et al3 noted left ventricular hypertrophy or cardiomyopathy in 4 of 11 patients (36%) with systolic compression of 50% or more in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Two of the four patients with systolic compression of 75% or more and abnormal lactate extraction during atrial pacing had left ventricular hypertrophy. Also, one of three patients with myocardial bridging who suddenly died during exercise4 may have had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. If hypertrophic cardiomyopathy alters the pathologic significance of myocardial bridging, long-term survival in these patients should be reduced when significant myocardial bridging is present.
Comparison of 125I-angiotensin III and 125I-angiotensin II binding to rat brain membranes

The binding of 125I-angiotensin III (125I-ANG III) to rat brain membranes was examined and compared with that of 125I-angiotensin II (125I-ANG II). Degradation of each ligand, as monitored by HPLC, was effectively inhibited using fragments of ANG III and ANG II known to have little affinity for angiotensin binding sites. Three classes of 125I-ANG III-binding sites were observed based on affinity (KD = 0.13, 1.83, and 10.16 nM) and capacity (Bmax = 1.30, 18.41, and 67.2 fmol/mg protein, respectively). Two classes of 125I-ANG II-binding sites of high affinity (KD = 0.11 and 1.76 nM) and low capacity (Bmax = 1.03 and 18.86 fmol/mg protein, respectively) were also identified. Cross-displacement studies confirmed that the two highest-affinity 125I-ANG III-binding sites and the 125I-ANG II-binding sites were the same. On the other hand, the binding of 125I-ANG III to the low-affinity 125I-ANG III-binding site could not be inhibited with ANG II. These data imply that previously measured differences in the biological potency of cerebroventricularly applied ANG III and ANG II probably do not result from differential binding of these peptides to central angiotensin receptors.
Studies on reovirus type 2: viral interference with UV-inactived virus.

Ultraviolet light inactivated reovirus type 2 was found to cause cell death by cytotoxicity. The surviving cells developed resistance to virus challenge and produced interferon. Studies using actinomycin D to inhibit interferon production and the development of resitsance suggest that interferon may not play a primary role in the acquisition of resistance by cells exposed to inactivated reovirus type 2.
The James Webb Space Telescope and its capabilities for exoplanet science

The James Webb Space Telescope is a large aperture (6.5 meter), cryogenic space telescope with a suite of near and mid-infrared instruments covering the wavelength range of 0.6 ?m to 28 ?m. JWSTs primary science goal is to detect and characterize the first galaxies. It will also study the assembly of galaxies, star formation, and the formation of evolution of planetary systems. JWSTs instrument complement offers numerous capabilities to study the formation and evolution of exoplanets via direct imaging, high contrast coronagraphic imaging and photometric and spectroscopic observations of transiting exoplanets.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF SISYRINCHIUM SECTION BERMUDIANA (IRIDACEAE) OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS

Prior to this study thirteen taxa ofSisyrinchium sectionBermudiana were recognized as occurring in the Rocky Mountains. Morphological intrapopulational variation and hybridization with polyploidy has led to a general lack of discrete phenetic discontinuities among the species, resulting in differing taxonomic treatments. A biosystematic study utilizing morphology, cytology, analysis of breeding systems, and hybridization was undertaken to resolve the taxonomy of Rocky Mountain populations ofSisyrinchium. The following taxa are considered to be valid species of the Rocky Mountains:S. septentrionale Bicknell, a tetraploid (n=16), the octoploids (n=32)S. idahoense Bicknell andS. radicatum Bicknell, and the duodecaploid (n=48).S. montanum Greene. In addition, a previously undescribed, octoploid species,S. pallidum (with close affinities toS. idahoense) was discovered in north-central Colorado and southeastern Wyoming.
Analysis of structure of public debt as a basic stage of information technology

The structure of public debt as a basic stage of information technology for investigating direct public and publicly guaranteed debt was developed and analyzed in the paper. It includes the following steps: research base formation, econometric models development, analysis of public debt volume changes, depending on internal and external economic factors and forecasting public direct and publicly guaranteed debt volume changes in the near-term outlook. The important role of public debt in the economic life of the country was substantiated in the paper. The role and the influence of the studied object on the state budget balance and consequently on the economy as a whole were pointed out. External direct and publicly guaranteed debt formation sources were revealed, and external public debt effects on the state economy were described. The basic elements of public debt, such as debt type, debt effects, direct and publicly guaranteed debt formation sources were outlined. Direct public and publicly guaranteed debt functioning study, based on the statistical data analysis allows to control peak situations, when the state budget burden, caused by the public debt repayment and servicing is excessive.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE FIRMNESS OF RAW TOMATOES ON THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF CANNED PRODUCTS

The effects of firmness of raw tomatoes on selected quality characteristics of canned products was the primary objective of this study. Firm fruits, as sorted with Holme's Vibratory Sorter, were found to be significantly (P≤ .05) higher in drained weight, Agtron E-5 color readings, total acidity, sodium hexametaphosphate-soluble, and sodium hydroxide-soluble pectic substances, and lower in pH, soluble solids, soluble solids/acid ratio, and water soluble pectin than soft and unsorted fruits. In determining the sensory quality, firm fruits were superior in flavor, texture, and overall quality but inferior in color compared to soft and unsorted fruits. This investigation revealed that sorting fresh tomatoes with a vibratory sorter and canning only the firm fruits had a positive impact on improving the quality of canned products.
DTA USING SINGLE PARTICLES

A DTA sample holder for single particles was constructed using three thermocouples to hold the sample and reference material, respectively. The arrangement can be used to multiparticle samples too by setting a spherical-section sample holder on the three thermocouple junctions.
Thoracic Vascular Anatomy: A Brief Review

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, the attendee should be able to, 1. Describe normal patterns of pelVic vascular anatomy. 2. Identify the common variant patterns of pelvic vascular anatomy most likely to be encoun~ tered. 3. Describe the effect of common and uncommon anatomic variants on the performance of pelvic interventions with special emphasis on transcatheter therapy of uterine leiomyomata (UFE). 4. Identify normal patterns of thoracic vascular anatomy. 5. Identify the common variant patterns of thoracic vascular anatomy most likely to be encountered. 6. Describe the effect of common and uncommon anatomic variants on the performance of thoracic vascular interventions with special elnphasis on transcatheter arterial embolotherapy of bronchial bleeding and intrathoracic neoplasms. 7. Identify normal patterns of lower extremity vascular anatomy. 8. Describe the conunon variant patterns of lower extremity vascular anatomy.
An analysis of an available set of linear programming test problems

Abstract A set of linear programming test problems is analyzed with MINOS, Version 5.1. The problems have been run with different options for scaling and partial pricing to illustrate the effects of these options on the performance of the simplex method. The results indicate that the different options can significantly improve or degrade the performance of the simplex method, and that these options must be chosen wisely. For some of the problems, a picture of the nonzero structure of the matrix A is also presented so that the problems can be classified according to structure.
Dynamic polarization of protons in radiation-damaged polyethylene by the solid effect

Abstract Dynamic polarization of protons in irradiated polyethylene was measured at HO = 3 kG, 25 kG; T = 4.2°K, 1.2°K. Best result showed 10% free proton polarization. Center concentrations, e.p.r. linewidth, T1e, and T1p were measured whenever possible. Results are compared to Jeffries' model.