cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 217: Mitochondrial reprogramming regulated cancer pathway in triple negative breast cancer

Compared to other subtypes of tumors, triple negative breast cancers (TN BCa) currently suffer from limited knowledge on its etiology and treatment options. Transmitochondrial cybrids (cybrid) and multiple OMICs approaches were used to understand mitochondrial reprogramming and mitochondria-regulated cancer pathways in TN BCa. Analysis of cybrids and established BCa cell lines showed that metastatic TN BCa maintain high levels of ATP through fatty acid β-oxidation and activate Src oncoprotein by its autophosphorylation. Inhibition and induction of β-oxidation including the shRNA mediated knockdown strategies, and analysis of patient derived xenograft (PDX) models confirmed the role of mitochondrial β-oxidation in Src activation and metastasis. Analysis of BCa clinical data further reaffirmed the role of mitochondrial β-oxidation in Src regulation and their significance in BCa metastasis. This study is innovative in showing the mitochondrial reprogramming mediated regulation of a major cancer pathway by its post-translation modification. Citation Format: Jun H. Park, Sajna Vithayathil, Danli Wu, Vasanta Putluri, Pi-Lin Sung, Efrosini Tsouko, Vadiraja B. Bhat, Cristian Coarfa, Daniel E. Frigo, Michael T. Lewis, Arun Sreekumar, Patricia Yotnda, Chad J. Creighton, Nagireddy Putluri, Lee-Jun C. Wong, Benny A. Kaipparettu. Mitochondrial reprogramming regulated cancer pathway in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 217.
The Emergence of Theoretical and Institutional Coherence in Post Keynesian Economics

Since its inception in the 1930s, Keynesian economics has been subject to interpretation, and fragmentation into different schools of Keynesianism. One such school is Post Keynesian economics, the origins of which are principally associated with an eclectic group of economists located in Cambridge, England. Amongst this group were such luminaries as Nicholas Kaldor, Joan Robinson, and Richard Kahn. Another important figure at Oxford, was the Polish emigre economist, Michael Kalecki; in the United States, the founding contributors to the Post Keynesian tradition in macroeconomics include Paul Davidson, Sidney Weintraub, and Hyman Minsky.2
Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies of the enkephalins, β-endorphin, and related peptides

There are several hypotheses concerning the relationships between the various endorphins and enkephalins (Hughes et al., 1975; Li and Chung, 1976; Guillemin et al., 1976; Bradbury et al., 1976). Such hypotheses include the possibility that β-endorphin or a similar pituitary peptide is primarily a precursor of met-enkephalin (Cox et al., 1975), that met-enkephalin and other peptides such as α and γ-endorphin are breakdown products of β-endorphin (Austen et al., 1977), or that the enkephalins and β-endorphin constitute two distinct endogenous opioid systems (Watson et al., 1977a, b, c; Akil et al., 1978; Bloom et al., 1977b). Furthermore, because of the history of their discovery, the enkephalins have been primarily associated with the brain (Hughes et al., 1975; Simantov and Snyder, 1976), while α, β, and γ-endorphin have been primarily linked to the intermediate and anterior lobes of the pituitary (Cox et al., 1975; Guillemin et al., 1976; Li and Chung, 1976; Bloom et al., 1977a; Bradbury et al., 1976; Graf et al., 1976; Teschemacher, 1975), and particularly to β-lipotropin (β-LPH) their putative prohormone (Moon et al., 1973; Pelletier et al., 1977). Elucidation of the relationships between these endogenous opioid peptides is a crucial first step towards a better understanding of their biosynthetic and degradative pathways, and as a prerequisite for the study of their physiological functions.
Short and long-term effects of gait retraining using real-time biofeedback to reduce knee hyperextension pattern in young women.

Abstract The use of real-time biofeedback has been shown to enable individuals to make changes to their gait patterns. It remains unknown whether the short-term improvements reported in previous studies are retained in the longer term. In this study, the paradigm used to investigate the short and long-term effects of real-time biofeedback was modifying knee range of motion during gait to prevent knee hyperextension in women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term (1-month follow up) and long-term (8-month follow up) effects of a gait retraining program using real-time biofeedback to correct knee hyperextension in young women. Seventeen healthy women, ages 18–35 years, with asymptomatic knee hyperextension underwent a three-week (6 sessions) treadmill gait retraining program. Real-time feedback of kinematic data (Visual 3D) was provided during treadmill training. Knee extension range of motion was monitored during overground gait evaluations and training sessions. Gait evaluations were performed pretraining, posttraining (2 days after), and 1-month, and 8-month after the last training session. This study showed significant reduction in knee hyperextension patterns immediately following training (mean ± SD, 10.9° ± 4°), and at 1-month (7.5° ± 5°) and 8-month (6.3° ± 3.5°) follow ups. There was an increase in knee extension between posttraining and 1-month follow up (3.4° ± 5°). Reduction in knee hyperextension range of motion was retained at 8-month follow up evaluation. The present study shows the effects of real-time biofeedback in facilitating the acquisition and retention of proficiency in reducing knee hyperextension gait patterns, documenting that the retention is sustained for up to 8 months.
Designing follicle-environment interactions with biomaterials.

The recruitment, selection, and ovulation of follicles, termed folliculogenesis, result from a complex set of signals that are exchanged between the follicle and its environment. These interactions include circulating hormones, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and mechanical signaling. The ovarian environment is highly dynamic, which has been commonly characterized by the cyclic changes in endocrine factors. Disruption of this dynamic interplay between the follicle and its environment, which can result from environmental toxins, disease, or disease therapies, underlies many causes of infertility. Although the significance of endocrine factors has been widely recognized, numerous other aspects of the ovarian environment are increasingly being recognized for their role in regulating folliculogenesis. Identifying the environmental mechanisms that regulate follicle development is essential for creating novel strategies to preserve fertility.
Using USA guidelines and standards of breast cancer care in an academic medical center: Screening to survivorship

T cost of healthcare in the United States is higher than all other developed countries. Despite these expenditures, outcomes lag behind others especially the United Kingdom, when looking at variables such as quality, access, efficiency, equity and healthy lives. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network, The American Society of Clinical Oncology, The United States Preventive Services Task Force, The National Cancer Institute, along with other organizations are increasing their focus on valuebased, evidence-based cancer care as the United States transitions to the era of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA in some ways mimics the successful program now in place for many years in the United Kingdom which ranks number 1 in three of the five categories noted above. The full discussion of this abstract will review the latest cancer facts and figures in the United States and contrast those to other developed countries such as the United Kingdom. Appropriate risk reduction and prevention strategies, cancer screening controversies, diagnostic testing, treatment options, surveillance and survivorship data will be tabulated, reviewed, and discussed with an economic focus.
Communication: Sine Qua Non of Organizational Leadership Theory and Practice

Much has been written about the nature of leadership communication; however, the linkage often is limited to a view of communication as a strategic mechanism—or technique—to be employed by leaders ...
Reactive sites and course of reduction in the Rieske protein

Rieske proteins play an essential role in electron transfer in the bc 1 complex. Rieske proteins contain a [2Fe-2S] cluster with one iron ligated by two histidines and the other iron ligated by two cysteines. All Rieske proteins have pH-dependent reduction potentials with the histidines ligating the cluster deprotonating in response to increases in pH. The addition of diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) modifies deprotonated histidines. The previous studies on the isolated Thermus thermophilus Rieske protein have used large excesses of DEPC, and this study examines what amino acids become modified under different molar equivalents of DEPC to protein. Increasing amounts of DEPC result in more modification, and higher pH values result in faster reaction. Upon modification, the protein also becomes reduced and ~6 equivalents of DEPC are needed for 50% of the reduction to occur. Which amino acids are modified first also points to the most reactive species on the protein. Mass spectrometry analysis shows that lysine 68 is the most reactive amino acid, followed by the ligating histidine 154 and two other surfaces lysines, 76 and 43. The modification of the ligating histidine at low numbers of DEPC equivalents and correlation with a similar number of equivalents needed to reduce the protein shows that this histidine can interact with neighboring groups, and these results can be extended to the protein within the bc 1 complex, where interaction with neighboring residues or molecules may allow reduction to occur. These results may shed light on how Rieske transfers electrons and protons in the bc 1 complex.
Cues as Functional Constraints on Sentence Processing in Chinese

The language-specific properties of Chinese provide a unique testgro-und for theories in sentence processing. This chapter examines the psycholinguistic mechanisms underlying Chinese sentence comprehension processes with results from two experiments. First, an off-line experiment was designed to investigate how Chinese speakers use word order and animacy cues in processing simple sentences. The results are largely compatible with previous studies in that Chinese speakers rely more on animacy than on word order. Second, an on-line experiment was designed to tap into the role of word order, animacy, the object marker BA, and the passive marker BEI in real-time processing of Chinese sentences. Consistent with the results from the off-line experiment, this experiment shows that different cues play different roles in the interpretation process, but they interact with each other as a function of competition and convergence that correspond to the patterns of cue use in the language. These studies also provide clues to the dynamic properties of sentence processing in general
Measurements of optical properties of waveshifting optical fiber for liquid scintillator hadron calorimetry

Measurements have been made on optical properties of Bicron BCF-91 waveshifting optical fiber. This fiber is proposed as a means of converting UV and blue light emitted from liquid scintillator when exposed to ionizing radiation. The conversion is accomplished by coiling the fiber in a reservoir filled with liquid scintillator and coated internally with reflective paint. UV and blue light is absorbed by the waveshifting dyes in the fiber and reemitted light is channeled into the core of the fiber and output to photo detectors. It has been proposed to outfit the hadron calorimeter sub-system of the GEM detector to be built at the Superconducting Super Collider with 800,000 separate liquid scintillator/waveshifting fiber cells. The measurements described in this work deal with the optical performance of the fiber: spectral emission, response as a function of input wavelengths, response as a function of irradiated length, propagation length and output numerical aperture. The theoretical response of an ideal calorimeter cell is studied based on the results of the measurements presented in this paper.
When, If, and How: Young Women Contend With Orgasmic Absence

While cultural ideas about "healthy" and "fulfilling" sexuality often include orgasm, many young women do not experience orgasm during partnered sex. The current study examined how women described this absence of orgasm in their sexual experiences with male partners. We examined interviews (N = 17) with women ages 18 to 28 and focused on their ideas about orgasm and their explanations concerning when and why they do not orgasm. We explored three themes that illustrate the strategies young women use to contend with orgasmic absence: (1) What's the big deal?; (2) It's just biology; and (3) Not now, but someday. We found that young women's explanations allowed them to reduce feelings of abnormality and enabled them to distance themselves from sexual expectations regarding the perceived value of orgasm. In analyzing the complicated gender and sexual dynamics surrounding orgasm, we turned to Fahs' (2014) work on sexual freedom and the importance of articulating freedom from sexual obligations as a key intervention in critical sexuality research. In our discussion, we examine the implications of our findings for critical researchers looking to better understand the role of sexual norms in how young women imagine and discuss the role of pleasure in their own sexual lives.
A Systematic Review of Suicide Risk in Veterans: Depression is a More Powerful Predictor than Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders

ABSTRACTDepressed veterans experience elevated rates of psychiatric problems, which may increase suicide risk. Peer-reviewed journal articles that assessed suicide in veterans with comorbid depress...
Aldosterone Antagonist Therapy and Mortality in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Without Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance Treatment with aldosterone antagonists is recommended and has been shown to have beneficial effects in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%. However, the role of aldosterone antagonists in patients with ejection fraction greater than 40% or without congestive heart failure is not well known. Objectives To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis using standard techniques to determine the role of therapy with aldosterone antagonists in this patient population. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central databases were searched and a manual search for relevant references from the selected articles and published reviews was performed from database inception through June 2017. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials that evaluated treatment with aldosterone antagonists in patients with STEMI without clinical heart failure or LVEF greater than 40% were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were used to conduct and report the meta-analysis, which used a random-effects model. Two investigators independently performed the database search and agreed on the final study selection. A manual search was performed for relevant references from the selected articles and published reviews. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcomes analyzed were mortality, new congestive heart failure, recurrent myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, and changes in LVEF, serum potassium level, and creatinine level at follow-up. Results In all, 10 randomized clinical trials with a total of 4147 unique patients were included in the meta-analysis. In patients who presented with STEMI without heart failure, treatment with aldosterone antagonists compared with control was associated with lower risk of mortality (2.4% vs 3.9%; odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42-0.91; P = .01) and similar risks of myocardial infarction (1.6% vs 1.5%; OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.57-1.86; P = .91), new congestive heart failure (4.3% vs 5.4%; OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.56-1.20; P = .31), and ventricular arrhythmia (4.1% vs 5.1%; OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.45-1.31; P = .33). Similarly, treatment with aldosterone antagonists compared with control was associated with a small yet significant increase in LVEF (mean difference, 1.58%; 95% CI, 0.18%-2.97%; P = .03), a small increase in serum potassium level (mean difference, 0.07 mEq/L; 95% CI, 0.01-0.13 mEq/L; P = .02), and no change in serum creatinine level (standardized mean difference, 1.4; 95% CI, −0.43 to 3.24; P = .13). Conclusions and Relevance Treatment with aldosterone antagonists is associated with a mortality benefit in patients with STEMI with LVEF greater than 40% or without heart failure.
Paleomythologies: The Spiritual Persuasion of Evolution

A current rise in so-called “caveman” diets, books, exercise regimes and other trends demonstrates a cultural attempt to reclaim idealized prehistoric conditions for the modern human. In a rhetorical analysis of texts from this modern paleo culture, we identify what we call a “paleomyth” and illustrate how such lifestyle trends not only offer truncated understandings of evolutionary science, but more importantly how they offer a mythological narrative for paleo believers.
Sampling Methodology: Implications for Drawing Conclusions from Clinical Research Findings

Generating a random sample from a population is important to minimize the bias of sample estimates in describing the population parameters. Despite the benefits of random sampling for generating appropriate inference, clinical research often relies instead on samples of convenience. Baseline characteristics and study inclusion and exclusion criteria can help identify the study population from which the sample was drawn. It is important to understand the factors that differ between the study sample and the larger population and the potential impact these differences may have on the conclusions of the study and how appropriate it is to apply study results to the larger population.
Iterates of the Exponential Function and an Ingenious Formal Technique

The first seven paragraphs of Chapter 4 are concerned with iterated exponential functions and constitute a sequel to a large portion of Chapter 3 wherein the Bell numbers, single-variable Bell polynomials, and related topics are studied. Recall that the Bell numbers B(n), 0 ≤ n ≤ ∞, may be defined by They were first thoroughly studied in print by Bell [1], [2] approximately 25–30 years after Ramanujan had derived several of their properties in the notebooks. Further iterations of the exponential function appear to have been scarcely studied in the literature. The most extensive study was undertaken by Bell [2] in 1938. Becker and Riordan [1] and Carlitz [1] have established arithmetical properties for these generalizations of Bell numbers. Also, Ginsburg [1] has briefly considered such iterates. For a combinatorial interpretation of numbers generated by iterated exponential functions, see Stanley’s article [1, Theorem 6.1].
Kinetics of Wood Gasification by Carbon Dioxide and Steam

Gasification of wood and related biomass fuels provides a means of converting these renewable resources to an energy form that can be stored, transported and burned more cleanly and efficiently. The availability of biomass materials, particularly in industries such as the food processing and forest products industries, and their lower nitrogen, sulfur and ash content compared to conventional fuels such as coal, offer distinct advantages for the use of biomass as gasification substrates. Furthermore, gasification can be used in combination with other thermal processes such as pyrolytic saccharification of wood1 to recover the fuel value of the energy-rich char which is a byproduct of this process.
Gelation Accompanying Crystallization from Dilute Solution: Some Guiding Principles

Gelation accompanying the crystallization from dilute and moderately dilute solution, which has been known to be characteristic of copolymers, is demonstrated to take place in homopolymers as well. The guiding principles by which to study this phenomenon are established. Carefully controlled experiments with both model homopolymers and copolymers are described in terms of these principles. Distinction must be made between homopolymers and copolymers as well as the thermodynamic nature of the solutions from which crystallization is occurring. For homopolymers covering a very wide molecular weight range, as well as for copolymers containing a surprisingly large co-unit content, the gels are found to be comprised of an overlapping supermolecular structure. The often postulated fringed micelle model for gel structure is only applicable, if at all, to copolymers of high co-unit content.
Cell type-specific role of lamin-B1 and its inflammation-driven reduction in organ building and aging

Cellular architectural proteins often participate in organ development and maintenance. Although functional decay of some of these proteins during aging is known, the cell-type specific developmental role and the cause and consequence of their subsequent decay remain to be established especially in mammals. By studying lamins, the nuclear structural proteins, we demonstrate that lamin-B1 functions specifically in the thymic epithelial cells (TECs) for proper thymus organogenesis. An upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the intra-thymic myeloid immune cells during aging accompanies a gradual reduction of adult TEC lamins-B1. These cytokines cause adult TEC senescence and lamin-B1 reduction. We identify 17 adult TEC subsets and show that TEC lamin-B1 maintains the composition of these TECs. Lamin-B1 supports the expression of TEC genes needed for maintaining adult thymic architecture and function. Thus, structural proteins involved in organ building and maintenance can subject to inflammation-driven decay which in turn contributes to age-associated organ degeneration.
Photoenzymatic Catalysis Enables Radical‐Mediated Ketone Reduction in Ene‐Reductases

Flavin-dependent ene-reductases (EREDs) are known to stereoselectively reduce activated alkenes, but are inactive toward carbonyls. Demonstrated here is that in the presence of photoredox catalysts, these enzymes will reduce aromatic ketones. Mechanistic experiments suggest this reaction proceeds through ketyl radical formation, a reaction pathway that is distinct from the native hydride-transfer mechanism. Furthermore, this reactivity is accessible without modification of either the enzyme or cofactors, allowing both native and non-natural mechanisms to occur simultaneously. Based on control experiments, we hypothesize that binding to the enzyme active site attenuates the reduction potential of the substrate, enabling single-electron reduction. This reactivity highlights opportunities to access new catalytic manifolds by merging photoredox catalysis with biocatalysis.
Hydrogen sulfide intervention in cystathionine-β-synthase mutant mouse helps restore ocular homeostasis.

Aim To investigate the applications of hydrogen sulﬁde (H2S) in eye-specific ailments in mice. Methods Heterozygous cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS+/-) and wild-type C57BL/6J (WT) mice fed with or without high methionine diet (HMD) were administered either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or the slow-release H2S donor: GYY4137. Several analyses were performed to study GYY4137 effects by examining retinal lysates for key protein expressions along with plasma glutamate and glutathione estimations. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored during GYY4137 treatment; barium sulfate and bovine serum albumin conjugated fluorescein isothiocyanate (BSA-FITC) angiographies were performed for examining vasculature and its permeability post-treatment. Vision-guided behavior was also tested employing novel object recognition test (NORT) and light-dark box test (LDBT) recordings. Results CBS deficiency (CBS+/-) coupled with HMD led disruption of methionine/homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism leading to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in CBS+/- mice as reflected by increased Hcy, and s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) levels. Unlike CBS, cystathionine-γ lyase (CSE), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) levels which were reduced but compensated by GYY4137 intervention. Heightened oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses were mitigated by GYY4137 effects along with enhanced glutathione (GSH) levels. Increased glutamate levels in CBS+/- strain were prominent than WT mice and these mice also exhibited higher IOP that was lowered by GYY4137 treatment. CBS deficiency also resulted in vision-guided behavioral impairment as revealed by NORT and LDBT findings. Interestingly, GYY4137 was able to improve CBS+/- mice behavior together with lowering their glutamate levels. Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) appeared compromised in CBS+/- with vessels' leakage that was mitigated in GYY4137 treated group. This corroborated the results for occludin (an integral plasma membrane protein of the cellular tight junctions) stabilization. Conclusion Findings reveal that HHcy-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative damage, ER-stress and vascular permeability alone or together can compromise ocular health and that GYY4137 could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treating HHcy induced ocular disorders.
In the Words of Women: The Revolutionary War and the Birth of the Nation, 1765–1799 (Louise V. North, Janet M. Wedge, and Landa M. Freeman, 2011)

The editors of In the Words of Women: The Revolutionary War and the Birth of a Nation have created a vivid narrative of women’s lives in the Revolutionary era. Weaving together short historical summaries, biographical context, and early American women’s words, the book is unusually readable and fast-paced for its genre.
Pairing geophysical techniques improves understanding of the near-surface Critical Zone: Visualization of preferential routing of stemflow along coarse roots

Abstract There is compelling evidence from aboveground observations that trees considerably affect precipitation partitioning through the Critical Zone. However, due to the lack of appropriate methods, the role of root systems (the hidden half of trees) on redistributing precipitation and infiltration into and routing through the soil remains inadequately visualized and understood. Here, we designed a novel experiment to pair two non-invasive geophysical techniques, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), to trace stemflow through the soil in a forested hillslope after water was released on the trunk of an American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) to induce stemflow. We used GPR to locate lateral coarse roots and GPR and ERT together to confirm the wetting areas in response to the non-uniform transport of stemflow. Signal changes between time-lapse geophysical images were used to reveal both the response time and location of stemflow infiltration into and redistribution through the soil. This first known study to investigate the subsurface routing of stemflow by combining GPR and ERT revealed that the belowground funneling of stemflow along laterally oriented coarse roots transported water 2.8 m downslope from the study tree in 30 min after stemflow was initiated. In situ excavation validated the distribution of lateral roots and lateral root-derived preferential flow paths identified in geophysical images, confirming the utility of pairing GPR and ERT to gain insights into the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of subsurface routing of stemflow. The proposed method visualized and confirmed the funneling effect of roots on belowground water redistribution that contributed to subsurface lateral flow. Pairing GPR and ERT provides a useful combination of geophysical methods to advance our understanding of the complex interactions between plant and soil, such as the role of tree roots in soil hydrological process by revealing areas of funneling in the hidden part of the Critical Zone.
Imaging: Patient Selection, Targeting, and Outcome Biomarkers

In this chapter, we introduce the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS), specifically the network modulation hypothesis. We discuss the implications of integrating this hypothesis, mainly for three main areas: (1) identification of therapeutic zones using tractography, (2) optimization of stimulation parameters to address patient-specific network dysfunction, and (3) improved patient selection based on markers for network dysfunction in addition to clinical phenotypes. In the first section we describe the rationale and approaches for the visualization of therapeutic targets with pre-operative diffusion tractography. The assumption that efficacious stimulation is mediated, in part, through stimulation of white matter tracts that are efferent/afferent or in the vicinity of the nucleus, brings us to the second section where we discuss a framework for stimulation titration based on structural connections of DBS electrodes. In the last section, we highlight the need to identify disease-specific biomarkers of clinical outcomes to improve patient selection for existing and novel DBS applications.
MR1 in combination with tumor mutational burden and PD-1/PD-L1 expression as a potentially novel clinical predictor for T cell exhaustion and immune checkpoint inhibitor response.

3109Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) restore T cell function by reversing T cell exhaustion. Variable response to ICIs warrants the development of precise predictive biomarkers, whic...
Static Growth Promotes PrrF and 2-Alkyl-4(1H)-Quinolone Regulation of Type VI Secretion Protein Expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is frequently associated with both acute and chronic infections. P. aeruginosa possesses a complex regulatory network that modulates nutrient acquisition and virulence, but our knowledge of these networks is largely based on studies with shaking cultures, which are not likely representative of conditions during infection. Here, we provide proteomic, metabolic, and genetic evidence that regulation by iron, a critical metallonutrient, is altered in static P. aeruginosa cultures. Specifically, we observed a loss of iron-induced expression of proteins for oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism under static conditions. Moreover, we identified type VI secretion as a target of iron regulation in P. aeruginosa cells under static but not shaking conditions, and we present evidence that this regulation occurs via PrrF small regulatory RNA (sRNA)-dependent production of 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolone metabolites. These results yield new iron regulation paradigms in an important opportunistic pathogen and highlight the need to redefine iron homeostasis in static microbial communities. IMPORTANCE Host-mediated iron starvation is a broadly conserved signal for microbial pathogens to upregulate expression of virulence traits required for successful infection. Historically, global iron regulatory studies in microorganisms have been conducted in shaking cultures to ensure culture homogeneity, yet these conditions are likely not reflective of growth during infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-studied opportunistic pathogen and model organism for iron regulatory studies. Iron homeostasis is maintained through the Fur protein and PrrF small regulatory sRNAs, the functions of which are highly conserved in many other bacterial species. In the current study, we examined how static growth affects the known iron and PrrF regulons of P. aeruginosa, leading to the discovery of novel PrrF-regulated virulence processes. This study demonstrates how the utilization of distinct growth models can enhance our understanding of basic physiological processes that may also affect pathogenesis.
The Coulomb Dissociation of 8B and a Critical Assessment of the Seattle S17(0) Result

The Coulomb dissociation of 8B, measured with high precision by the GSI group, is in excellent agreement with the astrophysical cross section factor (S17) measured by the Weizmann group with a 7Be target. The GSI and Weizmann data are in good agreement with the Seattle data at high energies, but at low energies we observe a slight systematic (up to 2sigma) deviation, yet the Seattle group repeatedly rejects the CD method. We show that when plotting the slopes, they mis plotted one CD data point and exclude measured slopes that contradict their claim. Indeed the measured slope is essential to elucidate the d-wave correction to S17(0) that could be as large as 15%, and is the last open question that needs to be resolved before S17(0) can be quoted with an accuracy of 5% or better. We show that this goal has not been achieved (in spite of the strong claim of the Seattle group), since currently there is no agreement among experiments as well as among theoretical models on the value of the slope. In addition, currently there is no theoretical framework within which (for example the Seattle) data can be analyzed and S17(0) extrapolated with the claimed high precision of 2.5%. This (last) issue of the slope and the d-wave correction must be resolved (by future measurements) so as to allow quoting S17(0) with an accuracy of 5% or better.
Fatigue, Stress, and Functional Status are Associated With Taste Changes in Oncology Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.

Abstract Context A common complaint among oncology patients receiving chemotherapy is altered taste perception. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate for differences in common symptoms and stress levels in patients who reported taste changes. Methods Patients were receiving chemotherapy for breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer. Change in the way food tastes (CFT) was assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale before the patients’ second or third cycle of chemotherapy. Valid and reliable instruments were used to assess for depressive symptoms, state and trait of anxiety, cognitive impairment, diurnal variations in fatigue and energy, sleep disturbance, and pain. Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate for risk factors associated with CFT. Results Of the 1329 patients, 49.4% reported CFT. Patients in the CFT group reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disturbance as well as higher levels of general and disease specific stress. Factors associated with CFT group included being non-White; receiving an antiemetic regimen that contained a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist with two other antiemetics; having a lower functional status; higher levels of morning fatigue; and reporting higher scores on the hyperarousal subscale of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Conclusions This study provides new evidence on associations between taste changes and common co-occurring symptoms and stress in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy. Clinicians need to evaluate for taste changes in these patients because this symptom can effect patients’ nutritional intake and quality of life.
MUC1 expression modulates epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and trafficking in transgenic mice and human breast cancer cell lines

1079 The objective of the present study is to characterize the effects of MUC1 expression on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling both in transgenic mice as well as in human breast cancer cell lines. MUC1 is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein overexpressed in a very high percentage of epithelial cancers, including breast cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that MUC1 overexpression results in the development of metastatic mammary tumors in transgenic mice. However, the precise mechanism by which MUC1 induces mammary carcinoma remains unresolved. It has been shown that MUC1 can interact with EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase frequently upregulated in many cancers and plays multiple roles in various aspects of mammary gland development. While MUCI and EGFR are both over expressed in breast carcinomas, the relationship between MUCI expression and EGFR activation has not been determined. To investigate the interactions between MUCI and EGFR, we utilized mammary gland protein lysates from the mice that either overexpress or lack Muc1. Immunoprecipitation experiments looking for interactions of Muc1 and EGFR and recruitment of downstream signaling molecules revealed the following results: MUC1 interacts with EGFR specifically in the tumor but not in the contralateral mammary gland derived from the same mouse. Overexpression of Muc1 in the mouse models results in EGF-independent recruitment of Grb2 to EGFR. Ablation of MUC1 expression in the breast cancer cell lines utilizing siRNA revealed very interesting results. We found that MUC1 expression affects the duration of EGFR phosphorylation and stability and also regulates the activation of Akt in breast cancer cell lines. Thus, we have demonstrated for the first time that MUC1 is a novel regulator of EGFR signaling and trafficking in breast cancer cell lines. Current studies are focused on deciphering the precise role of Muc1 by utilizing the transgenic mouse models of breast cancer and determine how removal of Muc1 expression affects tumor onset and development.
A phase I/II trial to evaluate cabozantinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with Child-Pugh class B cirrhosis after first-line therapy.

TPS357Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 4th leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. HCC typically develops in patients with cirrhosis and has a 5-year survival estimate of ...
Research on Fault Intelligent Identification and Control System of Large AC/DC Hybrid Grid

The power system is one of the most complex man-made technology networks in the world today. With the development of UHV AC/ DC and large-scale new energy grid connection, the complexity and uncertainty of modern power system operation and control have increased dramatically, which has brought huge challenges to power grid security and stability analysis and control. The rapid development of AI technology has brought opportunities for intelligent identification and rapid response control of large power grid faults. In this paper, from many aspects such as regular knowledge representation method of equipment fault, the judgment technology of large power grid complex fault patterns, the quantitative evaluation method of fault impact and the control criterion, the difficulties and ideas of AI technology application are put forward and the framework of fault intelligent identification and control system for AC/DC hybrid grid is proposed. The research will effectively promote the application of AI technology in the actual production of large power grids, and lay a foundation for comprehensively improving the flexibility, reliability and efficiency of stability control of large power grid.
Rejoinder: Gaussian Differential Privacy.

In this rejoinder, we aim to address two broad issues that cover most comments made in the discussion. First, we discuss some theoretical aspects of our work and comment on how this work might impact the theoretical foundation of privacy-preserving data analysis. Taking a practical viewpoint, we next discuss how f-differential privacy (f-DP) and Gaussian differential privacy (GDP) can make a difference in a range of applications.
A short note on the accuracy of the discontinuous Galerkin method with reentrant faces

Abstract We study the convergence of the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method applied to the advection–reaction equation on meshes with reentrant faces. On such meshes, the upwind numerical flux is not smooth, and so the numerical integration of the resulting face terms can only be expected to be first-order accurate. Despite this inexact integration, we prove that the DG method converges with order O ( h p + 1 / 2 ) , which is the same rate as in the case of exact integration. Consequently, specialized quadrature rules that accurately integrate the non-smooth numerical fluxes are not required for high-order accuracy. These results are numerically corroborated on examples of linear advection and discrete ordinates transport equations.
A domain wall-magnetic tunnel junction artificial synapse with notched geometry for accurate and efficient training of deep neural networks

Inspired by the parallelism and efficiency of the brain, several candidates for artificial synapse devices have been developed for neuromorphic computing, yet a nonlinear and asymmetric synaptic response curve precludes their use for backpropagation, the foundation of modern supervised learning. Spintronic devices—which benefit from high endurance, low power consumption, low latency, and CMOS compatibility—are a promising technology for memory, and domain-wall magnetic tunnel junction (DW-MTJ) devices have been shown to implement synaptic functions such as long-term potentiation and spike-timing dependent plasticity. In this work, we propose a notched DW-MTJ synapse as a candidate for supervised learning. Using micromagnetic simulations at room temperature, we show that notched synapses ensure the non-volatility of the synaptic weight and allow for highly linear, symmetric, and reproducible weight updates using either spin transfer torque (STT) or spin–orbit torque (SOT) mechanisms of DW propagation. We use lookup tables constructed from micromagnetics simulations to model the training of neural networks built with DW-MTJ synapses on both the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST image classification tasks. Accounting for thermal noise and realistic process variations, the DW-MTJ devices achieve classification accuracy close to ideal floating-point updates using both STT and SOT devices at room temperature and at 400 K. Our work establishes the basis for a magnetic artificial synapse that can eventually lead to hardware neural networks with fully spintronic matrix operations implementing machine learning.
A Leap among Entanglement and Neural Networks: A Quantum Survey.

In recent years, Quantum Computing witnessed massive improvements both in terms of resources availability and algorithms development. The ability to harness quantum phenomena to solve computational problems is a long-standing dream that has drawn the scientific community's interest since the late '80s. In such a context, we pose our contribution. First, we introduce basic concepts related to quantum computations, and then we explain the core functionalities of technologies that implement the Gate Model and Adiabatic Quantum Computing paradigms. Finally, we gather, compare and analyze the current state-of-the-art concerning Quantum Perceptrons and Quantum Neural Networks implementations.
ECLS resupply for Space Station Freedom

The design of logistics carriers is presented emphasizing the use of cost-effective pressurized and nonpressurized versions to resupply consumable fluids and provide on-orbit support for the Space Station Freedom. The requirements for the Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system include high-pressure oxygen and nitrogen as well as consumables that do not require pressurization. The nominal and contingency requirements are given for logistics carriers designed to support various mission scenarios by resupplying and servicing fluid systems on-orbit. The resulting design overview for the logistics carriers describes the cryogenic-nitrogen storage during launch and operation of the unpressurized version and the flexible payload-support capacity of the pressurized version. The carriers are characterized as lightweight and versatile, and the resupply of cryogenic nitrogen is a flight-proven capability.
Binary Excess Risk for Smooth Convex Surrogates.

In statistical learning theory, convex surrogates of the 0-1 loss are highly preferred because of the computational and theoretical virtues that convexity brings in. This is of more importance if we consider smooth surrogates as witnessed by the fact that the smoothness is further beneficial both computationally- by attaining an {\it optimal} convergence rate for optimization, and in a statistical sense- by providing an improved {\it optimistic} rate for generalization bound. In this paper we investigate the smoothness property from the viewpoint of statistical consistency and show how it affects the binary excess risk. We show that in contrast to optimization and generalization errors that favor the choice of smooth surrogate loss, the smoothness of loss function may degrade the binary excess risk. Motivated by this negative result, we provide a unified analysis that integrates optimization error, generalization bound, and the error in translating convex excess risk into a binary excess risk when examining the impact of smoothness on the binary excess risk. We show that under favorable conditions appropriate choice of smooth convex loss will result in a binary excess risk that is better than $O(1/\sqrt{n})$.
Distribution of lectin-binding sites in oxyntic and chief cells of isolated rabbit gastric glands

The distribution of lectin-binding sites in oxyntic and chief cells of isolated rabbit gastric glands was determined with seven fluoresceinated lectins, to ascertain which lectins might best be used in the biochemical characterization of cell membranes and glycoproteins of these two cell types. Oxyntic cell canaliculi were labeled by wheat germ, Helix pomatia, and peanut lectins, suggesting a predominance of N-acetylhexosamines. Tubulovesicles were heavily stained by wheat germ, Helix pomatia, and Ricinus communis I lectins, indicative of N-acetylhexosamine- and galactose-containing glycoconjugates. Diffuse oxyntic cell cytoplasmic staining was observed with the mannose-binding lectin concanavalin A. This lectin, along with wheat germ, soybean, Helix pomatia, and Ricinus communis I lectins, bound to oxyntic cell basolateral membranes, indicating mannose, N-acetylhexosamine, and galactose residues. Chief cell apical membranes were labeled with peanut, Ricinus communis I, Helix pomatia, and Ulex europaeus lectins, suggesting a predominance of N-acetylhexosamine, galactose, and fucose residues. None of the lectins demonstrated any significant affinity for chief cell cytoplasm or basolateral membrane. Ulex europaeus agglutinin-binding sites were additionally concentrated in lateral intercellular spaces. The results of this study indicate that the range of utility of isolated rabbit gastric glands can be expanded to include histochemical work. In addition, the data suggest the applicability of lectin affinity chromatography in the isolation and characterization of oxyntic and chief cell membranes and glycoproteins.