cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polymer/piezoelectric ceramic composites: Polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) with PZT

Lead zirconate–titanate (PZT)/polymer composites have been prepared by in situ polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate around aligned, thin PZT rods. Hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients (dh and ḡgh) measured by a dynamic technique yielded figures of merit (dhḡh) roughly four times that of homogeneous PZT for as-polymerized composites. When these composites were annealed at a temperature slightly below the glass transition temperature of the matrix polymer and repoled, dhḡh increased nearly twofold due primarily to a reduction of the composite dielectric constant. The piezoelectric response was found to be essentially independent of frequency from 30 to 160 Hz.
Tunnel diode ¿ Saturable reactor insulated control amplifier

SOLID-STATE devices are providing solutions for many control problems in industrial and defense products. New semiconductors1 permit control techniques that previously were unavailable. Many control systems require amplifiers or function generators with insulation between the input signal and the output. Saturaable reactors2,3 have the needed insulated input. No semiconductor has an insulated input for d-c signals. The combination of semiconductors and saturable reactors provides the advantage of semiconductors and the advantage of insulated input.
A correlator sensor chip based on the integration of meta-materials and photonic crystals

In this paper, we utilize advanced artificial materials, namely, photonic crystals (PhCs) and meta-materials, to construct a sensing head with miniaturized antennas as detecting devices and embedded signal channelization for preprocessing. We experimentally demonstrated miniaturized antennas based on meta-materials, as well as, hybrid lattice PhCs and Schottky diodes for RF channelization. To further decrease the size of the system, we also present our initial design and simulation results for a PhC slow wave delay line, which also functions as a waveguide to the channelized signals.
Reading and Function of a Histone Code Involved in Targeting Corepressor Complexes for Repression

A central question in histone code theory is how various codes are recognized and utilized in vivo. Here we show that TBL1 and TBLR1, two WD-40 repeat proteins in the corepressor SMRT/N-CoR complexes, are functionally redundant and essential for transcriptional repression by unliganded thyroid hormone receptors (TR) but not essential for transcriptional activation by liganded TR. TBL1 and TBLR1 bind preferentially to hypoacetylated histones H2B and H4 in vitro and have a critical role in targeting the corepressor complexes to chromatin in vivo. We show that targeting SMRT/N-CoR complexes to the deiodinase 1 gene (D1) requires at least two interactions, one between unliganded TR and SMRT/N-CoR and the other between TBL1/TBLR1 and hypoacetylated histones. Neither interaction alone is sufficient for the stable association of the corepressor complexes with the D1 promoter. Our data support a feed-forward working model in which deacetylation exerted by initial unstable recruitment of SMRT/N-CoR complexes via their interaction with unliganded TR generates a histone code that serves to stabilize their own recruitment. Similarly, we find that targeting of the Sin3 complex to pericentric heterochromatin may also follow this model. Our studies provide an in vivo example that a histone code is not read independently but is recognized in the context of other interactions.
Coercion Through IOs: The Security Council and the Logic of Information Transmission

Why do powerful states often channel coercive policies through inter- national organizations ~IOs!? The article explains this phenomenon by theorizing the political advantages of working through a neutral institution, defined as one with heterogeneous and representative member preferences+ The argument centers on the notion of strategic information transmission+ IO involvement sends information about the coercer's intentions and the consequences of the coercive policy to foreign lead- ers and their publics, information that determines the level of international support offered to the coercing state+ The logic helps explain why the United Nations Secu- rity Council plays a unique role in approving and disapproving the use of force+ A case study of the 1990-91 Gulf War shows how these information transmission mech- anisms work in practice and that the rationalist information argument provides more traction than a legitimacy-based alternative explanation+
Side Group Addition to the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Coronene by Ultraviolet Photolysis in Cosmic Ice Analogs

Ultraviolet photolysis of various coronene-ice mixtures at low temperature and pressure caused the addition of amino (”NH2), methyl (”CH3), methoxy (”OCH3), cyano/isocyano (”CN, ”NC), and acid (”COOH) functional groups to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) coronene (C24H12), in addition to previously reported alcohol (”OH) and ketone (>C»O) formation. This work represents the first experimental evidence that ice photochemistry may have contributed to the aromatics bearing carbon and nitrogen containing side groups that are detected in primitive meteorites and interplanetary dust particles. Furthermore, these results suggest that a wide range of modified PAHs should be expected in interstellar ices and materials that predated solar system formation. The implications of these results for interstellar and meteoritic chemistry are discussed. Subject headings: astrobiology — astrochemistry — ISM: molecules — meteors, meteoroids — molecular processes — ultraviolet: ISM
The effect of early environment on neophobia in orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica)

Early experience is often a significant factor in shaping animals’ later behavior. Early maternal separation is associated with negative behavioral outcomes, such as increased fearfulness in rats, while higher levels of maternal grooming during the neonatal period are associated with decreased fearfulness and increased exploratory behavior. This finding may have implications for the welfare of captive parrots, many of which are hand-reared for the pet trade. We investigated the effects of three different rearing conditions on the neophobia of juvenile orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica). Hand-reared (H, N = 6), parent-reared/human-handled (birds which were handled five times/week for 20 min/session between 2 and 8 weeks of age, PH, N = 6), and parent-reared without handling (P, N = 7) parrots were tested for neophobia between the ages of 4.5 and 6 months of age by measuring their latency to feed in the presence of five different novel objects. The parrots’ neophobia was assessed again at 12 months of age by measuring their response to a novel object hung in their home cage. Although PH birds were groomed by their parents significantly more than P birds (F2,16 = 6.21, P = 0.01), there was no significant difference in neophobia between the two groups (F1,11 = 0.41, P = 0.53, 1 d.f.). H birds were significantly less neophobic than P and PH birds until 6 months of age (F1,17 = 9.25, P = 0.007, 1 d.f.). At 1 year of age, P, PH, and H birds exhibited comparable levels of neophobia. Our results suggest that the development of neophobia in orange-winged Amazons is not related to parental care, but may be related to the level of novelty that the chicks experience during early life. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Glomus tumors in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1

Background Glomus tumors have recently been reported in individuals with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer disposition syndrome. We compare the clinical and molecular features of these painful hamartomas in a series of sporadic and NF1-associated cases. Objective We sought to evaluate the association of NF1 with glomus tumors and to compare NF1-associated glomus tumors with sporadic glomus tumors. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals with a histopathologic diagnosis of glomus tumor at a large tertiary care center from January 1998 to January 2013. Charts were reviewed for a coexisting diagnosis of NF1. Results A total of 42 glomus tumors were identified in 34 individuals. Twelve (28.6%) were found in 6 patients with NF1. In 28 individuals with 30 sporadic tumors, there was no coexisting medical condition. Although multifocal tumors (16.7%) and tumor recurrence (33.3%) were more common in association with NF1, these trends did not reach statistical significance. NF1-associated glomus tumors exhibited no neurofibromin immunoreactivity, whereas their sporadic counterparts retained neurofibromin expression. Limitations The retrospective design resulted in incomplete data capture. Conclusions Detection of glomus tumors should raise suspicion for a concurrent diagnosis of NF1.
A capacitance boosted full-octave LC VCO based 0.7 to 24 GHz fractional-N synthesizer

This paper describes a technique in which a series inductance is used with a varactor to increase the varactor maximum to minimum capacitance ratio, thus enabling increased tuning range in an LC VCO. This technique is demonstrated through the implementation of an LC VCO tunable over a range greater than an octave, specifically 10.5 to 24 GHz (78%). The VCO is implemented within a fractional-N synthesizer in 32nm SOI CMOS to achieve continuous tuning from a fixed reference and achieves −128 to −119 dBc/Hz phase noise at 10MHz offset from the carrier across the tuning range. Output divider circuits are used to obtain all frequencies down to 660MHz.
An Evaluation Model of Stroke Rehabilitation

At present, the evaluation of stroke rehabilitation is mainly based on physician’s experience and evaluates the degree of one of function injury for motor function, nerve function, and activities of daily living. There is no a quantitative method. Therefore, the evaluation model of stroke rehabilitation is proposed and evaluates the condition of stroke patients quantitatively. Experimental results show that the evaluation model of stroke rehabilitation correlates well with the Fugl-Meyer assessment, which indicates that the model is effective.
Some Guidelines for Publishing Quantitative Research in Sex Roles

Many of the studies published in Sex Roles: A Journal of Research represent quantitative research. To ensure that this research continues to be of high caliber and impact, the Editorial leadership outlines here some general guidelines for consideration by authors who intend to submit research that utilizes quantitative methods and analyses to Sex Roles. Both authors will be part of the journal’s editorial team and will serve as Consultants to the Editor for submissions that draw on quantitative methods. We recognize that quantitative methods are diverse and consistently evolving. Furthermore, methodology and analyses should not be circumscribed by regulations, but rather should be guided by a study’s purpose, hypotheses, and data. Given those caveats, the following recommendations are offered as general guidelines, not dictates. These guidelines, however, do reflect good or best practices and should be incorporated where and when appropriate.
Iron Metabolism in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda and in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria

Absorption of radioiron, plasma iron and iron-binding capacity, plasma iron turnover and utilization of radioiron, tissue iron stores, and hepatic biopsy histology have been studied in 20 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). Some of these facets of iron metabolism were also studied in five patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Iron absorption was increased in nine untreated patients with PCT, particularly in those with cirrhosis, and was inappropriately great in a further three. It was markedly increased in six patients with PCT in remission many months after treatment by repeated phlebotomy. Iron absorption was normal in two patients with EPP and raised in another in whom marrow storage iron was absent. Plasma iron was elevated in 15 of the patients with PCT, but in eight it fell into the normal range after their admission to hospital, probably in part as a result of their stopping taking alcohol. Total iron-binding capacity was usually normal. Plasma iron turnover was mildly increased in seven of 20 patients with PCT, and was normal in three with EPP. Utilization of radioiron was slightly reduced in two patients with PCT, and normal in 14 others with PCT and in two with EPP. Liver biopsy in 18 untreated patients with PCT invariably showed evidence of liver damage, with excess iron in parenchymal cells, Kupffer cells, and, with one exception, portal tract macrophages. Repeat biopsy in four patients with PCT in remission after repeated phlebotomy showed absence of stainable iron in three with normal liver architecture, and a marked reduction in excess iron in one with cirrhosis. Reticulo-endothelial iron was increased in marrow smears from six of 14 patients with PCT, and was absent in one and minimal in two patients with EPP. Storage iron mobilized by repeated phlebotomy amounted to from 0.4 to 1.8 g in 12 patients with PCT. One patient with EPP had recurrent iron-deficiency anaemia and in three others mobilizable storage iron was less than 250 mg. The observations confirm the invariable finding of excess hepatic iron in PCT, with often a modest increase in mobilizable storage iron. The increase appears to be due to an inappropriately high level of iron absorption of uncertain cause. In contrast, suboptimal storage iron may be frequent in EPP.
GPU-Friendly Local Regression for Voice Conversion

Voice conversion is the task of transforming a source speaker’s voice so that it sounds like a target speaker’s voice. We present a GPUfriendly local regression model for voice conversion that is capable of converting speech in real-time and achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on this task. Our model uses a new approximation for computing local regression coefficients that is explicitly designed to preserve memory locality. As a result, our inference procedure is amenable to efficient implementation on the GPU. Our approach is more than 10X faster than a highly optimized CPUbased implementation, and is able to convert speech 2.7X faster than real-time.
Foreword: ADR for the Masses

This Foreword introduces the Oregon Law Review's 2012 Scholarship Series, “ADR for the Masses." The Series examines the proliferation of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes in large-scale contexts – such as mass torts, environmental and public policy decisionmaking, collaborative governance, consumer disputes, and organizational dispute systems design – and encompasses both post-dispute processes (designed to accompany or replace traditional legal approaches to dispute resolution in mass contexts) and pre-dispute processes (designed to manage widespread or large-scale conflict and disputes earlier and more effectively). Sometimes ADR serves as a response or fix to the shortcomings of the legal system in situations involving multiple disputants or decisionmakers; sometimes ADR is an upstream strategy for managing disputes that, among other things, may render formal legal intervention unnecessary; sometimes ADR is a companion piece to traditional legal processes, pre- or post-dispute, when managing a mass disaster or large-scale dispute or conflict. The Series is an opportunity to identify not only the creative possibilities of these innovations and hybrids, but also to explore the logistical difficulties or ideological tensions that these new developments may present.
Arqueologia del Bajo Patia, Fases y Correlaciones en la Costa Pacifica de Colombia y Ecuador

La region pacifica de Colombia presenta numerosas areas inexploradas a lo largo de su litoral costero y tierras bajas. La region sur es la mas conocida gracias a la importancia arqueologica de las zonas de Tumaco y La Tolita (Ecuador). Al norte de Tumaco recientemente se exploro la region del bajo Rio Patia (Narino). A traves de este trabajo se observaron asentamientos precolombinos relacionados con dos fases culturales: (a) fase Buena Vista y (b) fase Maina. Los pobladores precolombinos de estas fases se adaptaron basicamente a las areas bajas de la llanura aluvial selvatica y la region costera del sur de Colombia. Hacia finales del periodo de Desarrollo Regional costero, la fase Buena Vista (ca. 70–500 D.C.) culturalmente se encuentra relacionada con las fases tardias de El Morro y El Balsal de la secuencia establecida para la region de Tumaco (Narino). Estas fases a su vez forman parte del periodo tardio “decadente” de la tradicion Tumaco-La Tolita (ca. 400 A.C.-500 D.C.) de la costa sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador. Igualmente, la fase Buena Vista se relaciona con la fase Guadual (ca. 200–600 D.C.) de la cuenca de los rios Santiago y Cayapas, en el norte de la costa ecuatoriana. Posteriormente, la llegada de nuevos grupos al bajo Patia se representa por asentamientos de la fase Maina datados hacia el 880 D.C., hasta, probablemente, el contacto europeo. Esta fase se caracteriza primordialmente por una industria alfarera sencilla y poco decorada en relacion con la ceramica de la fase anterior. Algunos de los sitios tardios a su vez podrian corresponder a asentamientos de grupos Sindagua que ocuparon el area al tiempo de la Conquista y la Colonia, en los siglos XVI y XVII.
421 AN INTERACTIVE PHARMACOKINETIC-PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL FOR PATIENT-SPECIFIC HIV TREATMENT GUIDELINES.

Purpose The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is challenging because the narrow therapeutic range of existing therapies creates a difficult tradeoff between efficacy and toxicity. Adverse side effects occur at high drug concentrations, and HIV9s rapid mutation and turnover rates lead to the development of drug-resistant strains at low drug concentrations. The continual maintenance of an optimal therapeutic range over the long term requires predicting the dynamic course of infection and making timely adjustments to treatment. Methods We constructed a prototype software application in MATLAB that allows clinicians to interactively monitor as well as predict short-term and long-term variations in HIV9s key clinical outcome parameters. To accurately capture the effects of patient-specific parameters, drug-drug interactions, and the effects of different drug combinations on the activities of the various viral strains, our design uses a database of HIV drugs with their published pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models, a database of the different viral strains with their viral activity parameters, the most current mathematical models for T-cell infection and replication, and a database of patients with relevant information from their medical records. The results of the analysis are presented as an interactive graph depicting time-dependent serum drug levels, CD4+ count, and viral loads of all strains. Based on this information about the expected course of the disease with the current regimen, the clinician may explore other treatment options using our model. Results Our model was tested on real patient data involving infections by single and multiple viral strains and wild-type and mutant strains. The recommended treatment regimens using our model coincided closely with those prescribed by expert clinicians in the field. In a small number of cases, our model failed to prescribe the appropriate best course of treatment. These were due to specific pharmacogenomic factors not captured by our model, which significantly affected patient drug metabolism and response to treatment. Conclusions An integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for HIV treatment decisions can produce therapeutically relevant results as corroborated by expert physicians. The prognostic capability of such a model allows physicians to better respond to the challenge of having to constantly stay within a narrow therapeutic window. Incorporation of important pharmacogenomic factors unique to every patient is critical, however, before such a tool becomes truly useful in clinical practice.
On Ways and Limits of Administrative Power in Interfering Domestic Violence's Prevention and Control

In the time of democracy and rule of law, the administrative power in interfering domestic violence has its legal ground . But considering the domestic violence's distinctions from the other kinds of violence, we must dispose of it with more consideration, and attach importance to the victim's wish.
Is there an alternative medicine clinic in your future

Alternative medicine is experiencing rapid growth; already, an estimated 33-40% of Americans use some form of alternative therapy and treatment. Evidence-based support for its efficacy is lacking, but the variety of alternative therapies continues to increase. This article traces the growth of alternative medicine and its acceptance by traditional practitioners, describes the National Institutes of Health's Office of Alternative Medicine and two programs integrating traditional and alternative approaches, and reviews professional liability principles pertaining to alternative medicine.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Histidine-Tagged F 1 -ATPase Surface Adsorption

Studies of the rotational activity of the enzymatic core (α3β3γ) of the F1-ATPase motor protein have relied on binding the enzyme to NTA-coated glass surfaces via polyhistidine tags engineered into the C-termini of each of the three α or β subunits. Those studies revealed the rotational motion of the central γ subunit by monitoring the motion of attached micron-long actin filaments or spherical nanoparticles. However, only a small percentage of the attached filaments or particles were observed to rotate, likely due, at least in part, to non-uniform surface attachment of the motor proteins. In this study, we have applied surface plasmon resonance to monitor the kinetics and affinity of binding of the His-tagged motor protein to NTA-coated gold sensor surfaces. The binding data, when fit to a heterogeneous binding model, exhibit two sets of adsorption–desorption rate constants with two dissociation constants of 4.0 × 10−9 M and 8.6 × 10−11 M for 6His-α3β3γ binding to the nickel ion-activated NTA surface. The data are consistent with mixed attachment of the protein via two (bimodal) and three (trimodal) NTA/Ni2+-His-tag interactions, respectively, with the less stable bimodal interaction dominating. The results provide a partial explanation for the low number of surface-attached F1 motors previously observed in rotation studies and suggest alternative approaches to uniform F1 motor surface attachment for future fabrication of motor-based nanobiodevices and materials.
Geochemistry of the Black Sea during the last 15 kyr: A protracted evolution of its hydrography and ecology

The Black Sea is a 2200-m deep anoxic, marine sea connected to the Mediterranean Sea via the Dardanelles Strait, Marmara Sea, and the 3-km wide, 35 -m deep Bosphorus Strait. The biogeochemistry of sediment from the Anatolia slope has recorded changes to the hydrography leading up to and following the input of Mediterranean water at ~ 9.4 ka (103 yr BP), when global sea level rose to the level of the Bosphorus sill and high-salinity water from the Mediterranean began to spill into the then brackish lake. The water initially mixed little with the lake water, but cascaded to the bottom where it remained essentially isolated for ca 1.6 kyr, the time required to fill the basin from the bottom up at its present input rate. The accumulation of Mo in the sea-floor sediments, a proxy of bottom-water anoxia, increased sharply ~ 8.6 ka, when bacterial respiration in the bottom water advanced to SO42- reduction by the oxidation of organic detritus that settled out of the photic zone. Its accumulation remained elevated to ~ 5.6 ka, when it decreased 60 %, only to again increase slightly at ~ 2.0 ka. The accumulation of Corg, a proxy of primary productivity, increased 3- to 4-fold at ~ 7.8 ka, when upward mixing of the high-salinity bottom water replaced the then thin veneer of the brackish photic zone in less than 50 yrs. From that time onward, the accumulation of Corg, Mo, and additional trace metals have reflected the hydrography of the basin and Bosphorus Strait, controlled largely by climate.
Differential Regulation of the Extracellular Cysteine/Cystine Redox State (EhCySS) by Lung Fibroblasts from Young and Old Mice

Aging is associated with progressive oxidation of plasma cysteine (Cys)/cystine (CySS) redox state, expressed as EhCySS. Cultured cells condition their media to reproduce physiological EhCySS, but it is unknown whether aged cells produce a more oxidized extracellular environment reflective of that seen in vivo. In the current study, we isolated primary lung fibroblasts from young and old female mice and measured the media EhCySS before and after challenge with Cys or CySS. We also measured expression of genes related to redox regulation and fibroblast function. These studies revealed that old fibroblasts produced a more oxidizing extracellular EhCySS than young fibroblasts and that old fibroblasts had a decreased capacity to recover from an oxidative challenge due to a slower rate of reduction of CySS to Cys. These defects were associated with 10-fold lower expression of the Slc7a11 subunit of the xCT cystine-glutamate transporter. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (Sod3) was the only antioxidant or thiol-disulfide regulating enzyme among 36 examined that was downregulated in old fibroblasts by more than 2-fold, but there were numerous changes in extracellular matrix components. Thus, aging fibroblasts not only contribute to remodeling of the extracellular matrix but also have a profound effect on the extracellular redox environment.
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder and urethra: another urinary tract lesion immunoreactive for P504S.

Abstract Context.—Clear cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder/ urethra is a rare tumor histologically resembling the neoplasms in the female genital tract. Adequate characterization of this tumor h...
One Day Makes All the Difference: Denying Federal Offenders Access to “Good Time” Through Sentencing:

The race/sentencing literature has focused on imprisonment and sentence length decisions to the exclusion of other relevant outcomes. The present study extends this research by examining a previous...
1492—The Medical Consequences

This discussion was selected from the weekly staff conferences in the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from a transcription, it has been edited by Nathan M. Bass, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the direction of Lloyd H. Smith Jr, MD, Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean in the School of Medicine.
Spiritual Care in the Intensive Care Unit: A Narrative Review:

Spiritual care is an important component of high-quality health care, especially for critically ill patients and their families. Despite evidence of benefits from spiritual care, physicians and other health-care providers commonly fail to assess and address their patients’ spiritual care needs in the intensive care unit (ICU). In addition, it is common that spiritual care resources that can improve both patient outcomes and family member experiences are underutilized. In this review, we provide an overview of spiritual care and its role in the ICU. We review evidence demonstrating the benefits of, and persistent unmet needs for, spiritual care services, as well as the current state of spiritual care delivery in the ICU setting. Furthermore, we outline tools and strategies intensivists and other critical care medicine health-care professionals can employ to support the spiritual well-being of patients and families, with a special focus on chaplaincy services.
Social media identities of African immigrant youth: implications for educators

AbstractDespite their growing numbers and influence, there is limited research on African immigrant youth in the U.S. The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine the multiple identities that first and 1.5 generation African immigrant college students enact in their online worlds. By developing a deeper understanding of how these youths enact and perceive their online identities, educators and administrators may be better able to support their educational and professional goals. Open-ended questionnaires were administered and an analysis of social media accounts was conducted to understand the shifting identities that the participants performed in their online worlds. This nuanced understanding of the participants’ online lives may enable educators and policy-makers to better design educational opportunities for first and 1.5 generation African immigrant youth.
Does Population Heterogeneity Really Matter to Nonprofit Sector Size? Revisiting Weisbrod’s Demand Heterogeneity Hypothesis

The size variation of the nonprofit sector across geographic locations has attracted substantial scholarly attention. One dominant theory exploring this issue is Weisbrod’s demand heterogeneity hypothesis which suggests that the nonprofit sector size in a locality is positively related to population heterogeneity of the area. However, empirical tests of Weisbrod’s hypothesis reach a very inconsistent conclusion. This study employs a meta-analysis to aggregate existing studies on the relationship between population heterogeneity and nonprofit sector size. The study finds a significant and positive association between the two variables, but the magnitude of the relationship is substantially small. Further, this relationship seems generalized across countries and is supported by both within-country and cross-country data and by different measurements of nonprofit sector size. In addition, population heterogeneity in terms of age, education, ethnicity, language, and religion supports the hypothesis better. Overall, although the demand heterogeneity hypothesis holds empirically, its explanatory power in predicting nonprofit sector size and growth might be less robust.
Building Evidence for Health: Green Buildings, Current Science, and Future Challenges

Civilizational challenges have questioned the status quo of energy and material consumption by humans. From the built environment perspective, a response to these challenges was the creation of green buildings. Although the revolutionary capacity of the green building movement has elevated the expectations of new commercial construction, its rate of implementation has secluded the majority of the population from its benefits. Beyond reductions in energy usage and increases in market value, the main strength of green buildings may be the procurement of healthier building environments. Further pursuing the right to healthy indoor environments could help the green building movement to attain its full potential as a transformational public health tool. On the basis of 40 years of research on indoor environmental quality, we present a summary of nine environment elements that are foundational to human health. We posit the role of green buildings as a critical research platform within a novel sustainability framework based on social-environmental capital assets.
Ongoing Medical Management to Maximize Health and Well-being for Persons Living With Dementia

Background and objectives Persons living with dementia have complex care needs including memory loss that should be taken into account by providers and family caregivers involved with their care. The prevalence of comorbid conditions in people with dementia is high and, thus, how primary care, community providers and family caregivers provide best practice care, person-centered care is important. Research design and methods Care providers should understand the ongoing medical management needs of persons living with dementia in order to maximize their quality of life, proactively plan for their anticipated needs, and be as well prepared as possible for health crises that may occur. Results This article provides eight practice recommendations intended to promote understanding and support of the role of nonphysician care providers in educating family caregivers about ongoing medical management to improve the wellbeing of persons living with dementia. Discussion and implications Key among these are recommendations to use nonpharmacological interventions to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia as the first line of treatment and recommendations on how to best support the use and discontinuation of pharmacological interventions as necessary.
Reply: Comparative Analysis of Single versus Stacked Free Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Single-Center Experience.

Background As breast reconstructive microsurgeons increase their available flap techniques with experience, the need for stacked and multiple flaps may generate an improved aesthetic outcome. The authors present their institutional experience of using single versus stacked free flap breast reconstruction. Methods ONE THOUSAND SEVENTY: flaps were performed on 509 patients from 2010 to 2018 by two senior surgeons at a single university hospital. Three hundred eighty-eight flaps were either stacked profunda artery perforator (PAP) flaps, four-flap flaps [bilateral PAP plus bilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap], or double-pedicle DIEP/superficial inferior epigastric perforator flaps. Six hundred eighty-two flaps were either unilateral or bilateral DIEP or PAP flap (one flap per breast). Demographics, patient comorbidities, and flap complications were compared between the two groups. Results Of the 509 patients, 359 underwent single DIEP or PAP flap (one flap per breast) and 150 patients underwent stacked free flaps. The stacked flap group had statistically lower body mass index, higher rates of radiation therapy, longer procedure time, smaller flaps, higher deep venous thrombosis rates, and higher take-back rates compared with the single flap group. There were no statistical differences in the rates of flap loss (2.2 percent in stacked flaps versus 1.1 percent in single flaps), wound complication, hematoma, or pulmonary embolism. Conclusions Autologous breast reconstruction is the gold standard for natural and durable breast reconstruction, often giving superior aesthetic outcomes and higher patient satisfaction. However, the true success of autologous breast reconstruction is limited to the amount of tissue available to provide total breast reconstruction. This study shows that stacked flap breast reconstruction is safe and has similar complication rates as single-flap breast reconstruction. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, III.
The Clean Water Act: A Blueprint for Reform

The 1972 passage of the Clean Water Act (CWA) marked an important milestone in the nation's environmental history. Motivated by public outrage at oil spills covering hundreds of square miles, massive fish kills due to pollution, and rivers so laden with pollutants that they actually caught fire, Congress adopted the measure, overriding the veto of President Richard Nixon.For its time, the bill was genuinely revolutionary, and in the years since, it has done much to clean up the nation's waterways. The volume of pollutants discharged from factories and sewage treatment facilities has decreased significantly. Though we continue to lose wetlands, the rate of yearly wetlands loss has decreased. And the most important measure: many, but not all, of the nation's waterways are cleaner today than they were when the CWA was passed.While the law has accomplished much, and while it set the nation on a course toward significantly greater environmental responsibility, much more remains to be done. Almost half of the nation's waters are still "impaired," which is to say that they are too polluted to support the uses authorities have identified for them - to serve as sources of drinking water, recreational areas, or to support fish and wildlife. Wetlands continue to be lost to pollution and development. Nonpoint source pollution - runoff from farms, construction sites, and roads, for example - is the leading cause of water pollution today, but it is inadequately addressed by the CWA. Industrial facilities, meanwhile, are discharging toxics into sewer systems that then pass into waterways. In addition, the nation's wastewater infrastructure is aging and showing its wear. All the while, enforcement has declined, particularly in the last few years. Since 2001, two Supreme Court decisions - Rapanos and SWANCC - have thrust the CWA into the spotlight, paring back the CWA's protection of wetlands and other waters.While these all-too-familiar problems mount, climate change threatens to stress existing water resources and the ecosystems that depend upon them still further. Its effects will be far-reaching indeed. Competition for water among agricultural, municipal, industrial and ecological uses will increase. Rising sea levels will threaten already vulnerable salt marshes and other coastal habitats. Heavy precipitation caused by extreme weather events will increase sewer overflows, degrade water quality, and increase the likelihood of water-borne disease.It is long past time for action to update the Clean Water Act. This Blueprint for Reform presents a number of specific and meaningful reforms for the CWA that address existing problems and prepare for the new problems climate change will create.
Ultrastructure and Function of Cyst Nematodes

Investigations of the structure of the cyst nematodes and other Tylenchid species have been stimulated by the detailed electron microscopy (TEM) observations of the cuticle of Globodera (Heterodera) rostochiensis (Woll.) Behr. by Gunther and Kampfe (1966) and Shepherd et al. (1972). Ultrastructure of the root knot species Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitw. (Bird and Rogers, 1965a, b; Bird, 1968) was described in a previous symposium (Lamberti and Taylor, 1979). The extensive investigation by De Grisse (1977) of the ultrastructure of 22 genera of the Tylenchids showed the common structural base of these genera and from which future studies can be extended.
New learning, New Youth? Policy, Literacy, and the Subjects of Reform in Risk Society

Vocational education in the United States, now called Career and Technical Education (CTE), offers an option for youth in a climate increasingly focused upon particular versions of college-prep coursework as a condition for high school graduation. For those students with specific work interests or those who struggle to connect with conventional approaches to academic study, having the option to learn in a hands-on, career-focused environment often sustains a connection to school. It can represent a viable route towards graduation, labor market entry, and further education (DeLuca, Plank & Estacion, 2006). Yet CTE has long been embedded in secondary education as a low-status track, accorded less value than the college-prep track and frequently assigned to students as much as selected by them, historically based on gender, class, and ethnoracial biases.
Intraoperative Diagnosis and Management of Acute Hypotensive Blood Transfusion Reaction (AHTR): A Report of Two Cases

BACKGROUND Acute hypotensive transfusion reaction (AHTR) is characterized by the abrupt onset of hypotension immediately after the start of transfusion and usually resolves when transfusion ceases. Recent studies have shown an association with pre-operative treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. This report presents two cases of AHTR in non-related patients and describes the diagnosis and management. CASE REPORT A 68-year-old woman underwent lumbar fusion surgery due to spinal stenosis and an 86-year-old man underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure). Both patients had been treated pre-operatively with ACE inhibitors for hypertension. During surgery, both patients experienced acute profound intraoperative hypotension immediately after transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs). The blood transfusion was stopped immediately, and hemodynamic support was given with epinephrine, ephedrine, and phenylephrine. A diagnosis of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction was excluded by the direct antiglobulin test, serum hemolysis testing, exclusion of blood group mismatching, and a post-transfusion antibody screen. Other causes of hypotension were excluded. The two patients were confirmed t have had an AHTR, based on the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. In both cases, discontinuation of surgery was not possible, and surgery continued with intermittent hemodynamic support provided with catecholamines and vasopressin. CONCLUSIONS AHTR is a diagnosis of exclusion, based on laboratory and clinical findings. Antibody-mediated acute hemolytic transfusion reaction and any other causes of hypotension should be excluded as rapidly as possible. Patients who are at high risk of intraoperative bleeding might benefit from cessation of ACE inhibitors pre-operatively.
Pharmacologic Prevention and Treatment of Neonatal Brain Injury

Neonatal brain injury (NBI) remains a major contributor to neonatal mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental morbidity. Although therapeutic hypothermia is the only proven treatment to minimize brain injury caused by neonatal encephalopathy in term neonates, it provides incomplete neuroprotection. There are no specific drugs yet proven to prevent NBI in preterm neonates. This review discusses the scientific and emerging clinical trial data for several neuroprotective drugs in development, examining potential efficacy and safety concerns. Drugs with the highest likelihood of success and closest to clinical application include erythropoietin for term and preterm neonates and antenatal magnesium for preterm neonates.
Multiscale additive manufacturing of electronics and biomedical devices

Recent advances in 3D printing have enabled the creation of novel 3D constructs and devices with an unprecedented level of complexity, properties, and functionalities. In contrast to manufacturing techniques developed for mass production, 3D printing encompasses a broad class of fabrication technologies that can enable 1) the creation of highly customized and optimized 3D physical architectures from digital designs; 2) the synergistic integration of properties and functionalities of distinct classes of materials to create novel hybrid devices; and 3) a biocompatible fabrication approach that facilitates the creation and co-integration of biological constructs and systems. Developing the ability to 3D print various classes of materials possessing distinct properties could enable the freeform generation of active electronics in unique functional, interwoven architectures. Here we are developing a multiscale 3D printing approach that enables the integration of diverse classes of materials to create a variety of 3D printed electronics and functional devices with active properties that are not easily achieved using standard microfabrication techniques. In one of the examples, we demonstrate an approach to prolong the gastric residence of wireless electronics to weeks via multi-material three-dimensional design and fabrication. The surgical-free approach to integrate biomedical electronics with the human body can revolutionize telemedicine by enabling a real-time diagnosis and delivery of therapeutic agents.
Transcatheter Closing Atrial Septal Defect in a Child With Hereditary Spherocytosis

A 3-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital for the correction of atrial septal defect (ASD). Open heart operation with cardiopulmonary bypass is dangerous because the patient also had hereditary spherocytosis, which put her at risk for hemolytic anemia. Therefore, percutaneous transcatheter closure for ASD was chosen and performed successfully, which avoided the erythrocyte damage caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. This is the first time such a case has been reported, and we present an alternative approach for ASD with hereditary spherocytosis.
Atrial natriuretic peptide: structure, function, and physiological effects: a narrative review.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac peptide with multiple physiological effects, including natriuresis, blood pressure regulation, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonism. Pre-proANP is synthesized in the atria and must be extensively cleaved by the protease corin to produce the mature 28 amino acid ANP. The downstream signaling pathway of ANP acts through the guanylyl cyclase receptor and the second messenger cGMP. Studies on ANP's physiological effects have demonstrated its activity on channels present in the apical membrane in the renal nephron, potentially inhibiting or decreasing sodium reabsorption. Recent research has also identified several clinical conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, renal failure, and aging, associated with increased and decreased ANP levels. ANP levels could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of acute stages of heart failure, and ANP infusion could have a role in the management of acute or chronic heart failure.
Switched Beam SIW Horn Arrays at 60 GHz for 360° Chip-to-Chip Communications

Switched beam horn arrays at 60 GHz based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology are presented for use in reconfigurable chip-to-chip communications. Each array has eight identical printed horn elements. The elements can be individually excited to produce eight directive endfire beams, at an angular spacing of 45°, in the azimuth plane. The arrays enable each chip to communicate with its eight surrounding neighbors. The side and back lobes of the element radiation pattern, however, causes interference to chips that are in the unintended directions. The wireless links are analyzed using the measured and simulated transmission coefficients between the arrays in the line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) directions.
Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) to improve cardiovascular (CV) function and psychosocial outcomes in breast cancer survivors

Background: Breast cancer survivors on aromatase inhibitors (AIs) can develop endothelial dysfunction, a measure of increased CV risk. Stress modifying techniques such as MBSR may improve CV function and quality of life (QOL). We present data of a pilot study assessing the impact of MBSR on endothelial dysfunction and psychosocial outcomes. Methods: 31 women with locally advanced breast cancer and taking an AI were randomized 1:1 to 8 weekly MBSR classes or wait-list control. Subjects with tobacco use, known hypertension or hyperlipidemia were excluded. Participants completed surveys and vascular testing at baseline and 10 weeks. With the COVID 19 pandemic, MBSR classes were held on a virtual platform. Endothelial function was measured using the Endo-PAT2000 system;reductions in EndoPAT ratio (<1.6) are indicative of worsening endothelial function and increased CV risk. Questionnaires included the CDC's 4-item Healthy Days Core Module (HRQOL), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 for depression, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Functional test markers were compared between groups using t-tests. Results: Baseline mean age was 59 years, body mass index was 28.4 kg/m2, mean systolic blood pressure was 128.1 mmHg and cholesterol was 226.9 mg/dL. These measures did not differ between groups. Baseline EndoPAT ratio (0.60) and follow up (0.52) were low in all participants. As statewide COVID- 19 cases spiked, 3/31 participants did not return for a second assessment, and for another 5 participants, one EndoPAT ratio measurement was not interpretable. Both groups showed a decline in EndoPat ratio pre-to-post, but the decline among MBSR participants (all of whom completed the intervention) was five times less than that observed among controls [Table]. Groups did not differ on QOL or psychosocial outcomes. Conclusions: Breast cancer survivors on AIs have endothelial dysfunction, a measure of increased CV risk. Stress reduction techniques, using virtual platforms, are feasible and acceptable to this patient population, and may help improve endothelial function. Further research and longer follow up is warranted in understanding the longterm impact of these interventions on CV risk and psychosocial well-being. Mean difference scores between pre- and postintervention values, participants with complete EndoPat Ratio value pairs only, N=23.