cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mouth protection in sports

Abstract Participation in sports across all age-groups plays an important role in the overall health of nations with cohort studies suggesting a 20%–40% reduction in all-cause mortality among active participants compared to nonparticipants. Further, global participation in sport is at an all-time high as global inactivity rates have been shown to be as low as 17% in Southeast Asia to 43% in the Americas. Around the world, participation increases have served to elevate sports such as soccer, basketball, gymnastics, and running which represent the most popular global sporting disciplines. It is logical to infer that an increase in athlete participation creates a concomitant increase in athlete exposure to risk of injury (including orofacial injuries). Potential orofacial maladies include fractures to bones of the face and jaw. Likewise, teeth can be chipped, fractured, dislocated, concussed, and/or avulsed. The direct mechanisms that cause these injuries may also be associated with brain concussion or sports-related mild traumatic brain injury. It has been suggested, although not scientifically proven, that impact forces to the jaw may be transmitted to the base of the brain via the mandibular condyles resulting in concussive insult. Regardless of mechanism, dental trauma is a serious and global public health problem that mostly affects the youth and participants in organized sport. In addition, dental trauma carries with it both significant short-term and long-term injury sequelae (e.g., root resorption). In the United States, estimates of dental rehabilitation costs because of sports-related orofacial injuries have been estimated at US$15,000 per tooth over the span of a lifetime for athletes who lose a tooth. These types of injuries carry with them physical, emotional, and financial costs.
Abstract 4035: High throughput validation of antibodies for cancer research

Antibodies are critical reagents both to study and treat a wide range of cancers. In addition to the relevance of antibodies in immunotherapy, their use in understanding cancer pathophysiology is one of the fastest growing applications. Such applications create a constant demand for high quality antibodies that can recognize a wide range of expression of a specific target that is involved in cancer and metastasis. Even though there are thousands of antibodies available, including those from commercial sources, only a small percentage is well characterized and demonstrated to be of dependable quality. Establishing the ground rules for rigorous validation of antibodies used for immunodetection of cancer targets is critical for obtaining high quality data. In fact, a number of high profile preclinical study failures have been attributed to the use of inadequately characterized antibodies exhibiting non-specific binding or high background. While researchers typically rely on publications in peer-reviewed journals as absolute indicators of antibody quality, this approach has not proven to be very reliable. In this poster we describe a robust and high throughput process for validating antibodies for use in western blot applications for cancer research. Some key cancer-related target proteins are detected by antibodies and the validation process is illustrated using these western blot data. In a nutshell, each antibody is screened against an entire panel of lysates from different cells expressing endogenous levels of the target protein. A rapid membrane transfer system coupled with a novel stain-free gel imaging technology is used to ensure a high efficiency of transfer and assess protein quality. Antibody sensitivity and binding specificity is determined based on quantitative data generated using an image analysis software. This software allows us to calculate the ratio of specific to non-specific binding accounting for background within the same lane from the western blot image. We have developed analytical parameters that, when applied to these data, allow us to identify high performing antibodies. The basic principles of this validation method are widely applicable for different types of antibodies and sample types. Overall, this approach ensures the selection of high-performing antibody reagents, thus enabling scientists to get dependable data for academic or preclinical research which, in turn, could significantly advance our understanding of cancer and help develop novel immunotherapies for cancer treatment. Citation Format: Mark Shulewitz, Tim Hamilton, Kaiti Schwartz, Christine Thornton, Gerald Uy, Poulomi Archarya, Roumen Bogoev, Yan Wang. High throughput validation of antibodies for cancer research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4035.
Recruiting Pregnant Patients for Survey Research: A Head to Head Comparison of Social Media-Based Versus Clinic-Based Approaches

Background: Recruiting a diverse sample of pregnant women for clinical research is a challenging but crucial task for improving obstetric services and maternal and child health outcomes. Objective: To compare the feasibility and cost of recruiting pregnant women for survey research using social media-based and clinic-based approaches. Methods: Advertisements were used to recruit pregnant women from the social media website Facebook. In-person methods were used to recruit pregnant women from the outpatient clinic of a large, tertiary care center. In both approaches, potential respondents were invited to participate in a 15-minute Web-based survey. Each recruitment method was monitored for 1 month. Using bivariate statistics, we compared the number, demographic characteristics, and health characteristics of women recruited and the cost per completed survey for each recruitment method. Results: The social media-based approach recruited 1178 women and the clinic-based approach recruited 219 women. A higher proportion of subjects recruited through social media identified as African American (29.4%, 207/705 vs 11.2%, 20/179), reported household incomes <US $30,000 per year (56.8%, 409/720 vs 25.8%, 47/182), reported being in early pregnancy (18.6%, 135/726 vs 10.4%, 19/183 first trimester), and rated their health as fair or poor (22.2%, 160/722 vs 8.2%, 15/183; all P<.001). A smaller proportion of subjects recruited through social media had earned a college degree (21.3%, 153/717 vs 62.3%, 114/183) and were married or in a domestic partnership (45.7%, 330/722 vs 72.1%, 132/183; all P<.001). Social media-based recruitment costs were US $14.63 per completed survey, compared with US $23.51 for clinic-based recruitment. Conclusions: Web-based recruitment through a social networking platform is a feasible, inexpensive, and rapid means of recruiting a large, diverse sample of pregnant women for survey research. [J Med Internet Res 2016;18(12):e326]
On structural properties of MDPs that bound loss due to shallow planning

Planning in MDPs often uses a smaller planning horizon than specified in the problem to save computational expense at the risk of a loss due to suboptimal plans. Jiang et al. [2015b] recently showed that smaller than specified planning horizons can in fact be beneficial in cases where the MDP model is learned from data and therefore not accurate. In this paper, we consider planning with accurate models and investigate structural properties of MDPs that bound the loss incurred by using smaller than specified planning horizons. We identify a number of structural parameters some of which depend on the reward function alone, some on the transition dynamics alone, and some that depend on the interaction between rewards and transition dynamics. We provide planning loss bounds in terms of these structural parameters and, in some cases, also show tightness of the upper bounds. Empirical results with randomly generated MDPs are used to validate qualitative properties of our theoretical bounds for shallow planning.
The Dynamic Maggot Mass Microbiome

Necrophagous insect studies have shown that decomposing vertebrate remains are an important ephemeral resource within an ecosystem. However, the microbes (e.g., bacteria and archaea) that were a part of the once living organism and the exogenous taxa that colonize this postmortem resource remain largely underexplored. Also, it is not well understood how these two kingdoms interact to recycle decaying biomass, an important mechanistic question for ecosystem function ecology. To better understand microbial community dynamics throughout decomposition, we used swine carcasses (N = 6) as models for mammalian postmortem decomposition to characterize epinecrotic microbial communities from: the abdominal skin of replicate carcasses; the internal microbiome of individual necrophagous dipteran larvae (maggots); and the microbiome of dipteran larval masses that had colonized the carcasses. Sampling occurred every 12 h for the duration of the decomposition process. We characterized these microbial communities over time using high-throughput 16S amplicon sequencing. The relative abundance of microbial taxa changed over decomposition as well as across sampling locations, suggesting significant interactions between the environment, microbes, and insect larvae. Maggot masses were represented by multiple blow fly species in each mass: Phormia regina (Meigen), Lucilia coeruleiviridis (Macquart), and Cochliomyia macellaria(F.). Relative abundance of these species within the mass also changed as decomposition progressed, suggesting the presence of certain Calliphoridae species within a mass may be associated with temporal shifts of the microbial communities. These results provide new insight into the community ecology of carrion decomposition by providing new data on interactions of microbes and dipteran larvae over time.
Synthetic DNA templates for the production of in situ hybridization probes

Generating RNA riboprobes for in situ hybridization generally requires the use of plasmids, which must be grown in bacteria, isolated, purified, and linearized prior to in vitro transcription. Here we report a simple method for generating DNA templates for the in vitro transcription of RNA probes from synthetic DNA (IDT gBlocks). Each synthetic DNA template contains sequences corresponding to the target mRNA flanked by bacteriophage promoters. Amplification of the template by a single round of PCR and subsequent in vitro transcription results in production of high quality RNA probes for in situ hybridization.
Ambivalently post-lesbian: LBQ friendships in the rural Midwest

Using data from friendship interviews with lesbian, bisexual, and queer women in a small Midwestern city, I argue that non-urban communities might be characterized as ambivalently post-lesbian, as participants explain that shared identities "don't matter" in their friendships, while continuing to insist on the relevance of lesbian identity in their community. This research highlights three sets of concerns about lesbian communities, identities, and friendships. First, given the theoretical purchase of the concept of "post-gay" communities, there is a parallel need to develop the concept of "post-lesbian" as uniquely ambivalent and distinct from post-gay discourses, as the case of LBQ friendship demonstrates. Second, the appearance of post-lesbian narratives beyond major cities suggests a need to reassess the presumably progressive post-gay narrative that gay identities are becoming less central to gay lives. Finally, a focus on close lesbian friendships highlights the central role such relationships continue to play in constituting, and perhaps dismantling, lesbian identities and communities.
Bilingual SpeechBlocks: Investigating How Bilingual Children Tinker with Words in English and Spanish

Many children in the USA speak a language other than English in the home, yet the literacy learning mobile apps and games available do not reflect the country's growing number of bilingual children. Furthermore, to the authors' knowledge, none of these apps provide open-ended, constructionist literacy learning opportunities for young bilinguals. In response, we created Bilingual SpeechBlocks, a version of the constructionist literacy learning app SpeechBlocks, for young children who speak both Spanish and English. We discuss the design considerations and examine the affordances of this app when tested with bilingual children, in comparison to the original monolingual app. From our observations, this version of the app enables new modes of wordplay and engagement for bilingual children and their families. This work has implications for how open-ended designs can foster bilingual literacy learning by encouraging language differentiation through exploration and providing natural opportunities for family co-engagement.
Radiation Testing Electronics with Heavy Ions-The Best Way to Hit a Target Moving Ever Exponentially Faster

In 1972, when engineers at Hughes Aircraft Corporation discovered that errors in their satellite avionics were being caused by cosmic rays (so-called single-event effects, or SEE), Moore's Law was only 7 years old. Now, more than 45 years on, the scaling that drove Moore's Law for its first 35 years has reached its limits. However, electronics technology continues to evolve exponentially and SEE remain a formidable issue for use of electronics in space. SEE occur when a single ionizing particle passes through a sensitive volume in an active semiconductor device and generates sufficient charge to cause anomalous behavior or failure in the device. Because SEE can occur at any time during the mission, the emphasis of SEE risk management methodologies is ensuring that all SEE modes in a device under test are detected by the test. Because a particle's probability of causing an SEE generally increases as the particle becomes more ionizing, heavy-ion beams have been and remain the preferred tools for elucidating SEE vulnerabilities. In this talk we briefly discuss space radiation environments and SEE mechanisms, describe SEE test methodologies and discuss current and future challenges for use of heavy-ion beams for SEE testing in an era when the continued validity of Moore's law depends on innovation rather than CMOS scaling.
Fake it 'til you make it: Examining faking ability on social media pages

Abstract The current study investigated job applicant faking ability on Facebook, including an examination of various individual differences and strategies predictive of faking success. Using an experimental design, results indicated that individuals are able to manipulate Facebook profiles in order to convey a certain image. Individual difference predictors of faking ability included age, daily Facebook usage, cognitive ability, Facebook impression motivation, self-monitoring ability and sensitivity, and neuroticism. Individuals used slightly different modification strategies across conditions, and interestingly, the most effective strategy, removing statuses, was a significant predictor of faking ability in only the “fake good” condition, which is consistent with research on negative salience effects. Profile suitability ratings provided by three independent raters demonstrated high inter-rater reliability, but low inter-rater agreement. Of the examined Facebook profile components, wall posts and likes emerged as significant predictors of overall suitability ratings. Thus, these findings highlight potential concerns regarding the use of social networking sites as applicant evaluation tools in organizational contexts. Future research directions are suggested.
Understanding Barriers and Solutions Affecting Preschool Attendance in Low-Income Families.

Preschool attendance problems negatively impact children's school readiness skills and future school attendance. Parents are critical to preschoolers’ attendance. This study explored parental barri...
Abstract 12038: A Family-focused and Literacy-sensitive Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Patients With Heart Failure

Background: Medication nonadherence contributes to rehospitalization and death in heart failure (HF) patients, yet there is no intervention that improves and sustains adherence after intervention c...
Lone wolves in infinite, discrete matching markets

Abstract In finite two-sided matching markets, the Lone Wolf Theorem guarantees that the same set of agents remains unmatched in all stable outcomes. I show by example that this assertion is not true in infinite, discrete markets. However, despite the fact that the Lone Wolf Theorem is often used to derive strategy-proofness, the deferred acceptance mechanism remains (group) strategy-proof in many infinite markets.
Keep Doing the Good Work: Impact of Coworker and Community Support on Continuation of Breastfeeding

ABSTRACTReturning to work poses a challenge to new mothers’ breastfeeding success during the first 6 months postpartum. While previous research has shown that breastfeeding-related workplace policy plays a significant role in women’s decision to continue breastfeeding, the extent to which interpersonal factors such as coworkers’ (lack of) support and stigma affect women’s breastfeeding behavior is less understood. Through a cross-sectional survey with 500 working mothers, this research found that female coworker support of other women played an important role in affecting mothers’ decision to continue breastfeeding after returning to work and contributed to breastfeeding self-efficacy. The findings suggest that mothers’ perception of supportive coworker communication has an impact on sustained breastfeeding. Workplaces need to enhance the mother-friendly climate by encouraging and rewarding coworkers and providing support necessary for breastfeeding colleagues.
US Medical Information Websites Benchmarking: How Is the Industry Fairing in Usability?:

Objectives:This study of 23 US-based biopharmaceutical medical information (MI) websites was conducted to assess usability and identify best practices and areas of potential improvement.Methods:In ...
Intention and Practical Inference

According to Professor von Wright, a sharp methodological division exists between the science of natural phenomena and the study of human action. Natural phenomena are explained, and predicted, on the causal model: to explain a natural event is to specify its cause, and such an explanation is thought to yield predictions for similar events. One modern form of this causal approach, according to von Wright, is the so-called deductive-nomological model of explanation: to explain an event is to subsume it under a law. Human actions, on the other hand, are held to be subject to a wholly different methodology of investigation. Von Wright argues, vigorously and often persuasively, that the correct model of understanding actions is not the causal-nomic model, but rather the following fundamental schema of practical inference:1 A intends to bring about p. A considers that he cannot bring about p unless he does a. Therefore, A sets himself to do a.
Nanostructured Electrospun Fibers

Electrospun fibers and fibrous mats have drawn tremendous interest in both academic and industrial circles, for application in a variety of fields ranging from air and water filtration to biomedical and energy applications. Efforts to develop and improve upon these materials have led to a deeper understanding of fiber formation and new ways to manipulate the structure and morphology of nanofibers produced by the electrospinning process. As a result, electrospinning and electrospun polymer fibers now constitute a platform technology for the production, manipulation, and application of one-dimensional nanomaterials in a variety of forms that extend well beyond the simple, uniform, homogeneous cylindrical element. This chapter summarizes the work to develop nanostructured electrospun fibers, such as beaded, porous, wrinkled, hollow, or microphase-separated fibers, with an emphasis on the mechanisms of structure formation.
Appearance Evaluation of Parenteral Pharmaceutical Products

This chapter will describe the current state of the art and expectations of performing inspections of drug product with a focus on those defects that are visible to the eye. Visible attributes cover cosmetic and functional defects using both manual and automated techniques that use appearance as the key characteristic. The section will cover inspection attributes, compare and contrast manual and machine-based inspection with regulatory expectations, limitations, technologies, and provide several examples through case studies.
The “Squeaking Cleopatra Boy”: Performance of the Queen’s Two Bodies on the Early Modern Stage

This chapter explores the semiotics of performing queenship on the early modern stage by tracing the physical appearance of boy players to demonstrate the fragile embodiment of femaleness when portraying monarchy in Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra. Boy actors evoked femininity through costumes and cosmetics to signify early modern notions of womanliness. The paradoxical relationship of the young, inexperienced boy player and the persuasive, accomplished Egyptian queen provides a ripe space in which to investigate the enigmatic conflation and segregation of the monarch’s two bodies. In considering the embodiment of queenship on stage, I analyze how this tension between the body of the actor and character offers a parallelism of liminality for the body politic and body natural when examined through gendered semiotics in performance.
Phase 1 dose-finding study of cabozantinib (cabo) plus abiraterone (abi) combination therapy in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): An investigator-sponsored study.

5027^ Background: Abi (CYP17A1 and lyase inhibitor) and cabo (multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor including MET and VEGFRs) have complementary mechanisms of action. Both have single agent activity in C...
Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers with a transient network

Abstract Vegetable oils and their fatty acids are convenient sources for polymers due to their wide availability, ease of functionalization, and lack of toxicity; however, the long alkyl chains of the fatty acids have a large impact on the resulting polymer properties. Polymers with bulky constituents, such as the long alkyl side-chains of fatty acid-derived polymers, typically exhibit poor mechanical performance due to lack of entanglements. In this study, hydrogen bonding moieties were incorporated into the fatty acid-based midblock of a thermoplastic elastomeric triblock copolymer as a means to improve its mechanical behavior. Poly(styrene-b-(lauryl acrylate-co-acrylamide)-b-styrene), containing lauryl acrylate (a derivative of lauric acid) and the hydrogen bonding comonomer acrylamide in the midblock, was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The chemical and physical properties of triblock copolymers of varying composition were explored. Quantitative FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of a transient network, which exhibited a reduction in crosslink density with increasing temperature, beneficial for high temperature melt processing. The triblock copolymers exhibited spherical morphologies lacking long-range order at room temperature, which were unaffected by the presence of acrylamide. Moreover, the order-disorder transition temperature reduced with increasing acrylamide content, due to a reduction in the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. Importantly, incorporation of acrylamide into the midblock greatly improved both the tensile strength and strain at break. Incorporation of a transient network into the midblock is therefore an effective method of improving the mechanical properties of triblock copolymer-based thermoplastic elastomers containing bulky constituents.
Editorial: IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing , Special Issue on Secure Sustainable Green Smart Computing

The booming development of cloud computing has resulted in a remarkable growth of multiple industries in which dramatic demands of green computing and sustainability are addressed. The platform of smart computing has provided an efficient approach for connecting various infrastructure such that many new technologies are eventually formed, such as Internet-of-Thing and ubiquitous computing. The concept of sustainable green smart computing has become a significant issue for those enterprises or practitioners who are engaging the implementations of smart computing aiming at a longer-term strategy. Considering the achievement of the real sustainability, one of the crucial values is to ensure all operations across different computing sources are under a secure executive environment. For reaching a high performance of securing sustainable green smart computing, many problems need to be solved. For example, one of the main challenges is to balance the costs among security, energy, performance, and sustainable requirements. The distribution of the computing resources in this issue is a great challenge because the real-time executions are usually constrained by multiple elements. An efficient approach of providing an adaptive and scalable service as well as addressing sustainability is an urgent research direction for current advanced cloud computing applications. Thus, this special issue aims at collecting updated outstanding papers that illustrate the latest achievements and development updates concerning the security solutions, issues, applications, trends, and implementations in sustainable green smart computing.
Specific labeling approaches to guanine and adenine imino and amino proton assignments in the AMP-RNA aptamer complex.

The secondary structure of a recently identified ATP-binding RNA aptamer consists of apurine-rich 11-residue internal loop positioned opposite a single guanine bulge flanked oneither side by helical stem segments. The ATP ligand targets the internal loop and bulgedomains, inducing a structural transition in this RNA segment on complex formation.Specifically, 10 new slowly exchanging proton resonances in the imino, amino and sugarhydroxyl chemical shift range are observed on AMP–RNA aptamer complex formation.This paper outlines site-specific labeling approaches to identify slowly exchanging imino(guanine) and amino (guanine and adenine) protons in internal loop and bulge segments ofcompact RNA folds such as found in the AMP–RNA aptamer complex. One approachincorporates 15N-labeled guanine (N1 imino and N2 amino positions) and 15N-labeledadenine (N6 amino position), one residue at a time, in the AMP-binding RNA aptamer, withlabeling incorporation through chemical synthesis facilitated by generating the aptamer fromtwo separate strands. The unambiguous assignments deduced from the 15N labeling studieshave been verified from an independent labeling strategy where individual guanines in theinternal loop have been replaced, one at a time, by inosines and assignments were made onthe basis of the large 2 ppm downfield shift of the guanine imino protons on inosinesubstitution. The strengths and limitations of the inosine-for-guanine substitution approachemerge from our studies on the AMP–RNA aptamer complex. The assignment of theinternal loop and bulge imino and amino protons was critical in our efforts to define thesolution structure of the AMP–RNA aptamer complex since these slowly exchangingprotons exhibit a large number of long-range intramolecular NOEs within the RNA, as wellas intermolecular NOEs to the AMP in the complex. The current application of specific 15Nand inosine labeling approaches for exchangeable imino and amino proton assignments in thenonhelical segments of an RNA aptamer complex in our laboratory complements selective 2Hand 13C approaches to assign nonexchangeable base and sugar protons in RNA andligand–RNA complexes reported in the literature.
Regularizing refractive index sensitivity for disordered plasmonic array

Plasmonic arrays fabricated by low-cost nanosphere lithography feature disorderliness and corresponding non-uniform index sensitivity. A calibration technique based on hyperspectral imaging has been implemented to regularize the sensitivity.
Growth of Monolayer MoS2 on Hydrophobic Substrates as a Novel and Feasible Method to Prevent the Ambient Degradation of Monolayer MoS2

Monolayer (ML) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a novel 2-dimensional (2D) semiconductor whose properties have many applications in devices. Despite its potential, ML MoS2 is limited in its use due to its degradation under exposure to ambient air. Therefore, studies of possible degradation prevention methods are important. It is well established that air humidity plays a major role in the degradation. In this paper, we investigate the effects of substrate hydrophobicity on the degradation of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown ML MoS2. We use optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman mapping to investigate the degradation of ML MoS2 grown on SiO2 and Si3N4 that are hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates, respectively. Our results show that the degradation of ML MoS2 on Si3N4 is significantly less than the degradation on SiO2. These results show that using hydrophobic substrates to grow 2D transition metal dichalcogenide ML materials may diminish ambient degradation and enable improved protocols for device manufacturing.
Individual differences in strategy use and performance during fault diagnosis

Research on causal reasoning often uses group-level data analyses that downplay individual differences and simple reasoning problems that are unrepresentative of everyday reasoning. In three empirical studies, we used an individual differences approach to investigate the cognitive processes people used in fault diagnosis, which is a complex diagnostic reasoning task. After first showing how high-level fault diagnosis strategies can be composed of simpler causal inferences, we discussed how two of these strategies—elimination and inference to the best explanation (IBE)—allow normative performance, which minimizes the number of diagnostic tests, whereas backtracking strategies are less efficient. We then investigated whether the use of normative strategies was infrequent and associated with greater fluid intelligence and positive thinking dispositions and whether normative strategies used slow, analytic processing while non-normative strategies used fast, heuristic processing. Across three studies and 279 participants, uses of elimination and IBE were infrequent, and most participants used inefficient backtracking strategies. Fluid intelligence positively predicted elimination and IBE use but not backtracking use. Positive thinking dispositions predicted avoidance of backtracking. After classifying participants into groups that consistently used elimination, IBE, and backtracking, we found that participants who used elimination and IBE made fewer, but slower, diagnostic tests compared to backtracking users. Participants’ fault diagnosis performance showed wide individual differences. Use of normative strategies was predicted by greater fluid intelligence and more open-minded and engaged thinking dispositions. Elimination and IBE users made the slow, efficient responses typical of analytic processing. Backtracking users made the fast, inefficient responses suggestive of heuristic processing.
A SEARCH FOR GUT MONOPOLES WITH MICA TRACK ETCH DETECTORS

Given the astrophysical bounds on monopole flux implied by survival of the Galactic magnetic field1, it is quite difficult to carry out meaningful searches for GUT monopoles. To improve significantly upon the Parker limit with direct searches using conventional techniques (superconducting loops, scintillation counters, He-CH4 proportional counters) would require detector areas of the order of 104 m2, and collection times in excess of several years. An attractive alternative scheme which will be described in the present paper, would be to use an unconventional particle detector of area 10−3 m2 which has been in operation for over 108 years.
What Is Integrative Headache Medicine

Integrative medicine is a patient-centered model of care that brings together mainstream and complementary treatments for which there is scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness. It emphaszies the partnership between patient and physician and integrates conventional and alternative methods to facilitate the body’s innate healing response. The integrative medicine model is guided by shared decision-making between the practitioner and the patient and an individualized therapeutic plan. The patient’s background, interests, and goals are discussed and accounted for when choosing treatment modalities. From a headache and pain perspective, the goal of integrative medicine is to not only reduce and prevent pain but to improve function, quality of life, and overall wellness. This chapter will discuss the evidence behind the integrative model for headache and propose a stepwise approach for incorporating it into clinical practice.
Prospective associations between bi+ minority stressors and internalizing symptoms: The mediating roles of general and group-specific processes.

Objective: The prevalence of anxiety and depressive (i.e., internalizing) disorders is higher among bi+ individuals (i.e., individuals with attractions to more than one gender and/or who identify as bisexual or pansexual) compared to both heterosexual and lesbian/gay individuals. Cross-sectional research has demonstrated that stressors unique to bi+ individuals are associated with internalizing symptoms. However, longitudinal research examining these associations and underlying mechanisms is extremely limited. Method: We utilized five waves of data (6 months between waves) from a diverse sample of bi+ individuals assigned female at birth (age 16-32; 29% gender minority; 72.9% racial/ethnic minority) to examine: (a) prospective associations between three bi+ stressors (enacted, internalized, anticipated bi+ stigma) and internalizing symptoms; (b) potential mediating role of rumination in these associations; and (c) potential mediating roles of internalized and anticipated bi+ stigma in associations between enacted bi+ stigma and internalizing symptoms. Results: At the within-person level, when participants experienced more bi+ stressors than usual during a particular wave, they experienced subsequent increases in internalizing symptoms. Increases in rumination mediated these associations. Associations between enacted bi+ stigma and internalizing symptoms were mediated by increases in internalized and anticipated bi+ stigma. Conclusions: Findings indicate that bi+ stressors prospectively predict increases in internalizing symptoms and rumination may play a mechanistic role. Further, findings suggest that internalized and anticipated bi+ stigma may play mechanistic roles in the associations between enacted bi+ stigma and internalizing symptoms. Interventions targeting rumination, internalized stigma, and anticipated bi+ stigma may help to reduce internalizing symptoms among bi+ individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Three Tools of Conceptual Engineering

The previous chapter argued for a tripartite method of invention or design for genetic algorithms and other innovating machines. The argument was made at a fairly high level, however, invoking some aviation history as empirical evidence, an economy of modeling as rational theory, and a combination of philosophy and history to unmask a cultural bias that resists the adoption of effective design technique. Although these efforts were important to laying the intellectual foundations for what follows, abstract discourse does not show us the way to GAs that work. Here, we examine three tools of the conceptual engineering trade: 1. design decomposition 2. little models 3. patchquilt integration using dimensional analysis in somewhat more detail with an eye toward application. Where it is advantageous, examples of technique in the realm of material machines will be given followed by a “conceptual machine” example drawn from the design of selectorecombinative genetic algorithms.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND RATE COEFFICIENT STUDIES FOR e-BEAM-SUSTAINED DIFFUSE GAS DISCHARGE SWITCHING*

ABSTRACT Measurements of the electron drift velocity, w, attachment coefficient, H/Na, and ionization coefficient, α/N, have been made in C2F6/Ar and C2F6/CH4 gas mixtures at gas temperatures, T, of 300 and 500 K over the concentration range of 0.1 to 100% of the C2F6. These measurements are useful for modeling the expected behavior of repetitively operated electron-beam sustained diffuse gas discharge opening switches where gas temperatures within the switch are anticipated to rise several hundred degrees during switch operation.
Microbial contamination in kitchens and bathrooms of rural Cambodian village households.

Aims: To quantify microbial contamination on kitchen and bathroom surfaces (fomites) in rural Cambodian homes and to compare these concentrations to similar data from the United States and Japan. Methods and Results: This study monitored the numbers of faecal coliforms (i.e. thermotolerant coliforms), total coliforms, Escherichia coli and heterotrophic plate count bacteria on household surfaces in a rural village of Cambodia. Faecal coliform levels in Cambodia were highest on moist locations such as the plastic ladle used for sink water, the toilet seat surface and the cutting board surface with 100-fold higher levels of faecal coliform bacteria than E. coli and 100-fold higher levels of faecal coliforms than the US and Japanese studies. Conclusions: A single public health intervention barrier, such as an improved latrine, is only partially effective for household sanitation. For complete sanitation, multiple environmental barriers may be necessary. These barriers occur in a house constructed with easily washable surfaces, a chlorinated water distribution system, house climate control and cleaning product availability. Significance and Impact of the Study: Results of this study can be used to emphasize the importance of increasing household environmental sanitation barriers.
Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Low-Iron Containing Diet on Non-Heme Iron and Muscle Mass of Aging Rats

The increased iron status of aging skeletal muscle was previously shown to be associated with the development of sarcopenia. Thus, lowering muscle iron status by administering a low-iron containing...
Chapter 2 Synthesis of geldanamycin using glycolate aldol reactions

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the process of successful total synthesis of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor, geldanamycin. Geldanamycin was first isolated as a crystalline antimicrobial compound from culture filtrates of the soil bacterium, Strep. Hygroscopicus. Two new aldol reactions, as general solutions to anti and syn 1, 2 diol formations, were developed for this route. More efficient, convergent approaches, as alternatives to the linear route, have been designed and attempted without success. Important information concerning the installation of the para -quinone has been obtained. UV analysis has been used to correlate ortho and para quinones, both in model systems and with the final ansamycin lactam products. The initial lack of attention can be attributed to its ambiguous stereochemistry, more challenging oxygenation pattern, and the unique presence of the additional methoxyl group on the quinone at C17. The impetus to surmount these challenges has been the more recent revelation of its ability to bind and inactivate the oncogenic kinase chaperone, Hsp90. This finding opens up huge opportunities for geldanamycin and its analogs as a new class of well-selective, therapeutic agents.
Methodological design of user experience applied to, the field of accessibility

The field of web accessibility is currently based on the correct application of development techniques. This paradigm raises two problems: The lack of segmentation of user profiles, hardly the site will suit users regardless of their characteristics and the lack of involvement of potential users in developing accessible products. To study both problems we have conducted a study that applied a methodological approach combining the user-centered design with current standards. For our study, we developed a method for assessing web accessibility techniques focusing on user experience. This assessment has led to new indicators that reliably reflect the accessibility of the application. Finally we have done a guide that allows any research team without prior experience of web accessibility to make evaluations focused on user.
Problems in mechanistic theoretical models for cell transformation by ionizing radiation

A mechanistic model based on yields of double strand breaks has been developed to determine the dose response curves for cell transformation frequencies. At its present stage the model is applicable to immortal cell lines and to various qualities (X-rays, Neon and Iron) of ionizing radiation. Presently, we have considered four types of processes which can lead to activation phenomena: (1) point mutation events on a regulatory segment of selected oncogenes, (2) inactivation of suppressor genes, through point mutation, (3) deletion of a suppressor gene by a single track, and (4) deletion of a suppressor gene by two tracks.
High voltage Si/SiC hybrid switch: An ideal next step for SiC

Silicon carbide (SiC) power switches such as MOSFET or JFET have demonstrated their superior advantages over silicon (Si) power devices such as IGBT, especially in terms of significantly reduced switching losses. A major issue facing large scale adoption of SiC power devices is still the much higher cost. This paper proposes that Si/SiC hybrid switch should be a natural next step moving forward for high voltage applications to address the cost issue. In the proposed Si/SiC hybrid switch, a SiC MOSFET is connected in parallel with Si IGBT to combine the advantages of IGBT and MOSFET. This concept can also works well with SiC JFET. A 6.5 kV Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET hybrid switch is developed as an example to demonstrate its superior cost/performance. The switching loss can be reduced by more than 70% at a cost of only 50% higher compared to Si IGBT. This work is especially essential for high voltage applications such as medium voltage motor drive, FACTS and HVDC systems.
Prostaglandins and cellular calcium transport in the pregnant human uterus.

Abstract A subcellular tissue fraction was isolated from human pregnant uteri by differential centrifugation and purified on a sucrose density gradient. This fraction bound calcium in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), splitting ATP in the process. The preparations were characterized morphologically and chemically. The observed activity appears to be similar to ATP-dependent calcium-binding activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from striated muscles. The smooth muscle stimulator prostaglandin E 2 inhibited ATP-dependent calcium binding and enhanced calcium release from the SR preparations. Physiologically inactive prostaglandin F 1β had no effect on SR calcium binding. The findings suggest that prostaglandins exert their effect on uterine contractility through transport of calcium.
CD47 blockade as another immune checkpoint therapy for cancer.

The role of CD47—often expressed on tumor cells—as a 'don't eat me' signal that inhibits macrophage phagocytosis is well established. But new work reveals a major role for other immune cell types—T cells and dendritic cells—in the anti-tumor effects of therapeutic CD47 blockade.
Online learning and recidivism rates

By any measure, there are too many people in American prisons. According to prison research, recidivism rates are high—higher than any other industrialized nation. Rehabilitation has not achieved t...
Design of a modular and scalable small-signal dq impedance measurement unit for grid applications utilizing 10 kV SiC MOSFETs

Not only that tremendously increased employment of power electronics in the energy production, transfer, and consumption enables a sustainable future, it undoubtedly brings major energy savings and stimulating improvements in people's quality of life. But not for “free”. This trend is considerably changing the nature of the sources and the loads in the electrical grid, altering their mild properties, and inflicting low-frequency dynamic interactions that did not exist in the conventional power system before. To be able to understand, analyze, design, and dynamically control the existing and future power systems, it is unarguably required to develop concepts and tools that offer better insights into the system-level behavior and stability of the grid. This paper presents the impedance measurement unit that can undoubtedly address some of the listed needs by characterizing in-situ source and load impedances of the sub-transmission medium-voltage networks (up to 69 kV). In addition to describing the design, this paper shows the experimental results obtained with the impedance measurement unit prototype built for 4.16 kV, capable of characterizing medium-voltage distribution systems of up to 2.2 MVA.
Usefulness of laparoscopic cholecystostomy in children with complicated choledochal cyst.

Introduction In children with choledochal cysts (CC), obstruction of the discharge of bile or pancreatic juice is frequently observed, and biliary perforation and severe pancreatitis may occur. In such cases, temporary drainage is necessary to stabilize these patients. We employed laparoscopic cholecystostomy followed by laparoscopic cyst excision in cases with complicated CC. Methods Between 2009 and 2013, emergency laparoscopic cholecystostomy for bile drainage was performed in seven girls with complicated CC in whom conservative treatment failed to ameliorate abdominal pain, vomiting, and jaundice; among these seven patients included two with biliary perforation, one with a huge cyst, and four with peribiliary edema suggestive of impending biliary rupture. Protein plugs in the common channel or the terminal portion of the cyst were present in six patients. Results Amelioration of symptoms, such as abdominal pain and jaundice, was achieved in all patients after laparoscopic cholecystostomy. Saline irrigation of the bile duct via cholecystostomy was commenced 2 days postoperatively. All patients underwent laparoscopic cyst resection after improvement of their general condition and detailed evaluation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Impacted protein plugs or gallstones were eliminated in all patients by the time of laparoscopic cyst excision. Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystostomy followed by laparoscopic cyst excision is a useful and safe procedure for the treatment of complicated CC. This technique is also favorable from a cosmetic viewpoint because the resultant wound can be reused as the trocar insertion site at the time of laparoscopic cyst excision.
Uniters or dividers? Voluntary organizations and social capital acquisition

Abstract Many voluntary civic groups such as churches, neighborhood organizations, and recreation clubs are segregated by status dimensions such as social class. As a result, they may preferentially foster social network ties among in-group members while excluding outsiders, thereby reinforcing social capital deficits among low status actors. However, to the extent that civic groups bring together diverse members from across a variety of status dimensions, these organizations can expand and strengthen network ties and foster heterogeneous social capital resources for those who participate. This study uses nationally representative data in the United States and the position-generator social capital instrument to investigate these issues. Analyses draw on several summary measures of individual social capital, as well as an innovative multilevel dyadic analysis constructed from position-generator responses. Results suggest that civic participation largely mediates the relationship between ego's social position and access to social capital resources. Additionally, civic participation is associated with stronger ties to high status alters.