cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Key management for secure lnternet multicast using Boolean function minimization techniques

The Internet provides no support for privacy or authentication of multicast packets. However, an increasing number of applications require secure multicast services in order to restrict group membership and enforce accountability of group members. A major problem associated with the deployment of secure multicast delivery services is the scalability of the key distribution protocol. This is particularly true with regard to the handling of group membership changes, such as member departures and/or expulsions, which necessitate the distribution of a new session key to all the remaining group members. As the frequency of group membership changes increases, it becomes necessary to reduce the cost of key distribution operations. This paper explores the use of batching of group membership changes to reduce the frequency, and hence the cost, of key re-distribution operations. It focuses explicitly on the problem of cumulative member removal and presents an algorithm that minimizes the number of messages required to distribute new keys to the remaining group members. The algorithm is used in conjunction with a new multicast key management scheme which uses a set of auxiliary keys in order to improve scalability. In contrast to previous schemes which generate a fixed hierarchy of keys, the proposed scheme dynamically generates the most suitable key hierarchy by composing different keys. Our cumulative member removal algorithm uses Boolean function minimization techniques, and outperforms all other schemes known to us in terms of message complexity.
High-temperature lasing of long-wavelength VCSELs: problems and prospects

For many years, the operation of long-wavelength (1.3 micrometer and 1.55 micrometer) vertical-cavity surface- emitting lasers (LW-VCSELs) was restricted to low temperatures. Continuous-wave lasing above room-temperature (up to 64 degrees Celsius) has been achieved only recently. The strong temperature sensitivity of the lasing threshold is well known from their edge-emitting counterparts, but LW- VCSELs exhibit principal differences. Focusing on the so far most successful concept of wafer-fused LW-VCSELs, the physical mechanisms are analyzed that affect their temperature sensitivity. The analysis includes optical gain, carrier losses, optical losses, and self-heating. Photon absorption within the valence bands and auger recombination are found to limit high-temperature lasing. Scaling down the active area by lateral oxidation, VCSEL self-heating can be reduced despite a rising thermal resistance. Based on an excellent agreement with measurements at lower temperatures, numerical VCSEL simulation is employed to investigate laser operation up to 120 degrees Celsius. With minimization of threshold current and absorption losses and with proper adjustment of the gain peak wavelength, high-temperature continuous-wave lasing is predicted that is less temperature sensitive than in edge-emitting lasers.
Experiencing the Wilderness

The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to explore the experience of wilderness travel as noted by 11 women who had completed at least a 46-day 700 mile canoe expedition to the Nunavut and Saskatchewan territories in Northern Canada. Research typically explores outcomes of such travel and not the detailed descriptions of the actual expedition experience. Little is known empirically on how women paddlers experience the day-to-day life of wilderness trips. Women meeting criteria were asked to submit completed trail journals of their journeys, which were read, analyzed, and formulated, into essences with resulting themes of perceptions of wilderness travel. Women describe the expedition experience through connections to the journey, the land and the people.
The Obstructed Pancreatico-biliary Drainage Limb: Presentation, Management, and Outcomes

Obstruction of the pancreatico-biliary (PB) drainage limb following major PB operations creates unique diagnostic and management dilemmas. We describe the etiology and prevalence, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this challenging problem. Individuals with PB limb obstruction were identified from a cohort of 477 patients undergoing major PB resections or bypasses for benign and malignant (N = 265) diseases from September 2000 to January 2010. Their presentation, management, short-term outcomes, and survival were analyzed. Thirteen patients developed eventual PB limb obstruction with a mean time to presentation of 18.4 months (range 0.5–41.9), representing an overall adjusted incidence of 4%. Presenting symptoms were reflective of limb obstruction (elevated LFTs, jaundice, cholangitis, and pancreatitis). CT scans demonstrated dilation of the PB drainage limb in all 13 patients and evidence of intrahepatic biliary dilation in eight. Endoscopy was not valuable for either diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in the five patients evaluated in this manner. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTC) was pursued in six patients and provided definitive palliation in two, while three were temporized by this modality prior to a definitive operation, and it was employed postoperatively in another. Operative management occurred in 11 of 13 patients. Causative lesions were not accurately predicted by preoperative imaging and included adhesions, limb volvulus, abscess, malignant local recurrence, solitary metastatic disease, and carcinomatosis. Surgical interventions varied (five enteric bypasses, three adhesiolyses, two explorations, and one external limb venting). There were two perioperative mortalities, but limited morbidity otherwise (one myocardial infarction, one wound dehiscence, and one empyema from PTC placement). The median duration of postoperative hospital stay was 9 days, and no patient required readmission for further surgical management. No patients suffered subsequent recurrence of PB obstruction. In follow-up, nine of the remaining 11 patients are deceased with a median survival of 2.3 months (0.6–9.4 months). The other two are alive at a mean follow-up of 48 months. Although infrequent, PB limb obstruction occurs for a variety of reasons and most commonly in the setting of an original malignancy. Since numerous therapeutic modalities are available, an improved understanding of the condition is important in managing these complex patients. Decisive operative intervention accurately assesses the cause and extent of the problem and, for most presentations, provides definitive palliation with limited morbidity for this near-terminal event.
A New Technique to Enhance Film-Coating Processes in Oil-Based Media©

A new technique was developed to deposit phosphate films on irregular shaped iron or steel components. This technique is a chemical process, and it does not need any external power supply. The phosphate films thus coated are beneficial in reducing both friction and wear. Co-deposition of copper and zinc along with the phosphate is also demonstrated. This process could lead to the tailoring of the friction and wear properties of coatings by introducing various metals. In addition, the co-deposition of copper and zinc demonstrates that the lubricant can serve as a medium for the transport of ionic species. Presented at the 48th Annual Meeting in Calgary, Alberta, Canada May 17–20, 1993
Velocity bias induced by flow patterns around ADCPs and associated deployment platforms

Velocity measurements near the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) are important for mapping surface currents, measuring velocity and discharge in shallow streams, and providing accurate estimates of discharge in the top unmeasured portion of the water column. Improvements to ADCP performance permit measurement of velocities much closer (5 cm) to the transducer than has been possible in the past (25 cm). Velocity profiles collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) with a 1200 kHz Rio Grande Zedhead ADCP in 2002 showed a negative bias in measured velocities near the transducers. On the basis of these results, the USGS initiated a study combining field, laboratory, and numerical modeling data to assess the effect of flow patterns caused by flow around the ADCP and deployment platforms on velocities measured near the transducers. This ongoing study has shown that the negative bias observed in the field is due to the flow pattern around the ADCP. The flow pattern around an ADCP violates the basic assumption of flow homogeneity required for an accurate three-dimensional velocity solution. Results, to date (2014), have indicated velocity biases within the measurable profile, due to flow disturbance, for the TRDI 1200 kHz Rio Grande Zedhead and the SonTek RiverSurveyor M9 ADCPs. The flow speed past the ADCP, the mount and the deployment platform have also been shown to play an important role in the magnitude and extent of the velocity bias.
Late Quaternary sea level change in Southern Beringia: postglacial emergence of the Western Alaska Peninsula

Abstract Postglacial sea level trends have varied dramatically across the Bering Platform because of differences in coastal and shelf geologic settings. Emergent shorelines and basal peats along the western Alaska Peninsula indicate that relative sea level has fallen since regional deglaciation occurred ca. 13,000 cal. yr BP. Age/elevation determinations on four shorelines (25 m :>10 ka, 16 m : 9.6–6 ka, 6 m : 2.1 ka, and 2–3 m : 1.8–0.6 ka) in the vicinity of Cold and Morzhovoi bays provide an estimate of the pace and timing of of sea level change since the last glacial maximum (LGM, 22–17 ka). Isostatic recovery and shoreline regression following the disintegration of continental and alpine ice has been interrupted by transgressive conditions at least twice since deglaciation. Changes in the balance between eustatic sea level rise and isostatic uplift resulted in the reactivation of marine scarps during the early to middle Holocene, but terrace cutting and a gap in the archaeological record about 2.1 ka suggest that sudden tectonic displacements also influence the record. Reconstructions of coastal paleogeography constrain the timing and distribution of regional archaeological settlement. Periods of shoreline erosion during stillstands or transgressions, and the episodic reorganization of intertidal environments that accompanies tectonic displacements, have conditioned site preservation potential and long-term adaptive strategies.
Properties of a viral factor toxic to the parasitoid, Apanteles militaris.

Abstract The toxin produced in armyworm larvae infected with the synergistic strain of a granulosis virus adversely affects the development of the parasitoid, Apanteles militaris. The toxin is a macromolecule and appears to be proteinaceous. It is non-diffusible, heat labile, lyophilizable, and relatively stable at −22°C. Without any detectable loss of toxic activity, it can be completely precipitated at 50 per cent saturation with ammonium sulphate, ethanol, methanol, or acetone. Trichloroacetic acid, on the other hand, destroys most or all of its activity. It is stable at pH values between 3·5 to 10·5, but unstable below pH 3·0. Unparasitized armyworm larvae injected with the toxin are not adversely affected. Their progenies, when parasitized by A. militaris, produce healthy parasitoids indicating that no viral infection or toxin was passed to them. Larvae of Galleria mellonella are also unaffected by the toxin. However, armyworm larvae which contain toxin-killed parasitoids usually undergo an additional ecdysis, have a prolonged larval life, and die shortly after becoming pharate pupae.
ADEQUACY OF LIMITED TESTING FOR KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS

Knowledge-based engineering and computational intelligence are expected to become core technologies in the design and manufacturing for the next generation of space exploration missions. The literature is contradictory on how we are to assess such systems. Studies indicate significant disagreement regarding the amount of testing needed for system assessment. The sizes of standard black-box test suites are impractically large since the black-box approach neglects the internal structure of knowledge-based systems. On the contrary, practical results repeatedly indicate that only a few tests are needed to sample the range of behaviors of a knowledge-based program. In this paper, we model testing as a search process over the internal state space of the knowledge-based system. When comparing different test suites, the test suite that examines larger portion of the state space is considered more complete. Our goal is to investigate the trade-off between the completeness criterion and the size of test suites. The results of testing experiment on tens of thousands of mutants of real-world knowledge based systems indicate that a very limited gain in completeness can be achieved through prolonged testing. The use of simple (or random) search strategies for testing appears to be as powerful as testing by more thorough search algorithms.
Fashion merchandising internships for the millennial generation

The goal of fashion merchandising internships is to provide personal and professional development for student interns. Using directed content analysis, this study investigates the ways by which internships meet the needs of undergraduate students of the millennial generation based on five factors that have been identified as important to them: (1) leadership and role models; (2) growth, development and career paths; (3) working with ‘friends’ and people they like; (4) humour and fun and (5) respectful treatment. These results suggest that the internships meet many of the millennials' important needs and provide suggestions for strengthening internship programmes.
Thomas Carlyle on the use of numbers in economics

Thomas Carlyle’s criticism of economics goes far beyond his epithet, “Dismal Science.” One aspect of economics that attracted his attention was its use of numbers in both theories and empiricisms. Here is explored his attacks on economist’s use of arithmetic in explaining human behavior, and statistics in addressing the condition of the working class.
Planning for crime reduction

There may well be a decline in the overall crime rate in the USA, but violent and other crimes in cities are still prevalent, suggesting a need to develop improvements that may reduce crime even more. Confusion exists about the causes, promotion, and mitigation of crime in cities. Fear and types of crimes in urban areas seem to play an important role in influencing people's decisions in choosing where to live. This study reviews comprehensive sets of indicators composed of those variables consistently stated in the literature that affect an individual's sense of safety and security in cities – suggesting that physical components of urban environments make a significant contribution to the variation in violent offenses within cities over and above the contributions made by either the social and economic variables. Correlations between criminal offenses, physical attributes, race, gender, income, population densities, and other variables are considered.
EP3-2 receptor mRNA expression is reduced and EP3-6 receptor mRNA expression is increased in gravid human myometrium.

Objective:To assess relative expression levels of mRNA for EP3 isoforms EP3-2, EP3-3, and EP3-6 in human myometrium in various physiologic states.Methods:Using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed myometrial samples from 46 women (ten menopausal, ten nongravid premenopausal, 19 gravidas, seven premenopausal misoprostol-treated nongravid women) for the specific expression of mRNA messages for the EP3 receptor isoforms EP3-2, EP3-3, and EP3-6.Results:We found that the expression of EP3-2 was significantly lower in gravid than nongravid myometrium (P < .0001). Levels of the EP3-6 message were higher in gravid samples than in nongravid specimens (P < .02). EP3-3 mRNA was present in higher levels in menopausal samples compared with the other groups.Conclusions:The selective fluctuation of mRNA expression of the different EP3 isoforms suggests the possibility of an important regulatory role for these receptors in myometrial contractility. Additional studies are necessary...
Animal Mind: Science, Philosophy, and Ethics

Although 20th-century empiricists were agnostic about animal mind and consciousness, this was not the case for their historical ancestors – John Locke, David Hume, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and, of course, Charles Darwin and George John Romanes. Given the dominance of the Darwinian paradigm of evolutionary continuity, one would not expect belief in animal mind to disappear. That it did demonstrates that standard accounts of how scientific hypotheses are overturned – i.e., by empirical disconfirmation or by exposure of logical flaws – is inadequate. In fact, it can be demonstrated that belief in animal mind disappeared as a result of a change of values, a mechanism also apparent in the Scientific Revolution. The “valuational revolution” responsible for denying animal mind is examined in terms of the rise of Behaviorism and its flawed account of the historical inevitability of denying animal mentation. The effects of the denial of animal consciousness included profound moral implications for the major uses of animals in agriculture and scientific research. The latter is particularly notable for the denial of felt pain in animals. The rise of societal moral concern for animals, however, has driven the “reappropriation of common sense” about animal thought and feeling.
Evidence against Translational Repression by the Carboxyltransferase Component of Escherichia coli Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

In Escherichia coli, synthesis of the malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) required for membrane lipid synthesis is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a large complex composed of four subunits. The subunit proteins are needed in a defined stoichiometry, and it remains unclear how such production is achieved since the proteins are encoded at three different loci. Meades and coworkers (G. Meades, Jr., B. K. Benson, A. Grove, and G. L. Waldrop, Nucleic Acids Res. 38:1217–1227, 2010, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkp1079) reported that coordinated production of the AccA and AccD subunits is due to a translational repression mechanism exerted by the proteins themselves. The AccA and AccD subunits form the carboxyltransferase (CT) heterotetramer that catalyzes the second partial reaction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Meades et al. reported that CT tetramers bind the central portions of the accA and accD mRNAs and block their translation in vitro. However, long mRNA molecules (500 to 600 bases) were required for CT binding, but such long mRNA molecules devoid of ribosomes seemed unlikely to exist in vivo. This, plus problematical aspects of the data reported by Meades and coworkers, led us to perform in vivo experiments to test CT tetramer-mediated translational repression of the accA and accD mRNAs. We report that increased levels of CT tetramer have no detectable effect on translation of the CT subunit mRNAs.
A Network Architecture to Easily Control Devices

Recently, many works on ubiquitous computing have been reported. Many of them assume a closed system such as a Smart Home. In this paper, we consider assumptions in ubiquitous computing environments and discuss requirements for those environments. In addition, we propose and discuss network architecture for reducing the spatial limitations when controlling devices. Moreover, we show the current implementation of our prototype system.
Stabilization of Nitro‐Aromatics

For a variety of reasons, including U.S. Federal law and improved safety, it is desirable to have insensitive munitions (IM). Although a variety of methods are available to reduce the sensitivity of munitions only changes to the high explosive (HE) itself result in increased safety during storage, transportation, handling, and deployment. As a result of this IM are almost always filled with fire resistant, shock resistant insensitive HE such as triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB). The high cost of TATB has limited its use. In this study we examine 28 nitro-aromatics, including TATB and five previously unpublished structures, in the solid state in order to identify forces that stabilize the HE. We show that the sum of forces involved in crystal packing (i.e. the estimated energy of stabilization) has a direct relationship to the observed sensitivity of nitro-aromatic explosives.
Graceful degradation of speech recognition performance over packet-erasure networks

This paper explores packet loss recovery for automatic speech recognition (ASR) in spoken dialog systems, assuming an architecture in which a lightweight client communicates with a remote ASR server. Speech is transmitted with source and channel codes optimized for the ASR application, i.e., to minimize word error rate. Unequal amounts of forward error correction, depending on the data's effect on ASR performance, are assigned to protect against packet loss. Experiments with simulated packet loss in a range of loss conditions are conducted on the DARPA Communicator (air travel information) task. Results show that the approach provides robust ASR performance which degrades gracefully as packet loss rates increase. Transmitting at 5.2 Kbps with up to 200 ms added delay, leads to only a 7% relative degradation in word error rate even under extremely adverse network conditions.
Post-layout timing-driven cell placement using an accurate net length model with movable Steiner points

This paper presents a new algorithm for timing-driven cell placement using the notion of movable Steiner points that capture the net topology. The proposed algorithm improves the timing closure at the backend of the EDA design flow. Unlike conventional flows that perform placement and routing in two separate steps and use rough estimates of the net lengths during placement, our algorithm uses accurate net lengths by considering the net topologies during the Elmore delay calculation step and dynamically updates the routing during the concurrent placement of Steiner points and cells. The simultaneous placement and routing problem is formulated as a mathematical program with a small number of variables and solved by the Han-Powell method. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approach compared to the conventional flows.
Trends in energy and macronutrient intakes by weight status over four decades.

Objective To examine whether the recent increasing prevalence of obesity was accompanied by variations in energy and macronutrient intakes by weight status. Design Time series of cross-sectional surveys. Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in the USA. Subjects Adult participants of NHANES I (1971–1974), II (1976–1980), III (1988–1994) and continuous (1999–2004). Results Daily energy intake increased over time for men (9832 to 11 652 kJ, P < 0·01) and women (6418 to 8142 kJ, P < 0·01) in all BMI classes. Percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate increased over time (men: 42·7 % to 48·0 %, P < 0·01; women: 45·4 % to 50·6 %, P < 0·01), whereas percentage of energy intake from fat (men: 36·7 % to 33·1 %, P < 0·01; women: 36·1 % to 33·8 %, P < 0·01) and protein (men: 16·4 % to 15·1 %, P < 0·01; women: 16·9 % to 14·7 %, P < 0·01) decreased. With surveys combined, daily energy intake varied among BMI classes for women (underweight/normal weight: 7460 kJ; overweight: 6799 kJ; obese I: 7033 kJ; obese II/III: 7401 kJ; P < 0·01) but not men. Percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate decreased with increasing BMI class (men: 46·6 % to 45·5 %, P < 0·01; women: 49·0 % to 48·6 %, P < 0·01) whereas percentage of energy intake from fat (men: 34·3 % to 36·5 %, P < 0·01; women: 34·4 % to 35·4 %, P < 0·01) and protein (men: 15·3 % to 16·5 %, P < 0·01; women: 15·2 % to 16·0 %, P < 0·01) increased. Interactions of survey period and BMI class were not statistically significant. Conclusions Time trends in energy and macronutrient intakes were similar across BMI classes. Research examining how individuals respond differently to varying dietary compositions may provide greater insight about contributors to the rise in obesity.
Applicability of circuit macromodeling to analog single-event transient analysis

We have evaluated the applicability of vendor-supplied analog circuit macromodels to single-event transient (SET) analyses. Our findings demonstrate that macromodeling is very effective for system-level SET investigations; yet it is inadequate to address details of SET initiation at the IC level. Study of both dc and transient applications show that the circuitry peripheral to the ion strike location can be macromodeled and still retain an excellent ability to accurately transmit propagating voltage transients.
Viscosity and Yield Stress of Alumina Slurries Containing Large Concentrations of Electrolyte

Viscosity and yield stress measurements of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} slurries containing high concentrations of electrolyte are reported. Contrary to what is expected from DLVO theory, the particles in coagulated slurries produced in this way are held together by weaker forces than particles in slurries brought to the isoelectric point by changing the pH. In both cases an attractive, connective particle network is present. However, the network at the isoelectric point is stronger, as indicated by its much higher yield stress and by its higher viscosity at stresses above the yield point. An additional short-range repulsive force that appears at low pH and high electrolyte concentrations is believed to be responsible. This force prevents the particles from reaching the primary minimum associated with particle contact. The effects of solids loading, electrolyte concentration and type, and particle size have been investigated.
Adult xanthogranuloma of the vulva: case report and review

We report a case of adult xanthogranuloma arising on the labia majora of a 48-year-old female. Although histologically similar to juvenile xanthogranuloma, the clinical presentation and natural history are unique. To our knowledge this is the first case described of this rare histiocytic lesion arising in the vulva.
Reciprocal Modulatory Interaction between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat and Transcription Factor NFAT1

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is regulated by interactions between both viral and host factors. These interactions are also responsible for changes in the expression of many host cell genes, including cytokines and other immune regulators, which may account for the state of immunological dysregulation that characterizes HIV-1 infection. We have investigated the role of a host cell protein, the transcription factor NFAT1, in HIV-1 pathogenesis. We show that NFAT1 interacts with Tat and that this interaction, which involves the major transactivation domain of NFAT1 and the amino-terminal region of Tat, results in a reciprocal modulatory interplay between the proteins: whereas Tat enhances NFAT1-driven transcription in Jurkat T cells, NFAT1 represses Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). Moreover, NFAT1 binds to the κB sites on the viral LTR and negatively regulates NF-κB-mediated activation of HIV-1 transcription, by competing with NF-κB1 for its binding sites on the HIV-1 LTR. Tat-mediated enhancement of NFAT1 transactivation may explain the upregulation of interleukin 2 and other cytokines that occurs during HIV-1 infection. We discuss the potentially opposing roles of NFAT1 and another family member, NFAT2, in regulating gene transcription of HIV-1 and endogenous cytokine genes.
Disasters, Psychiatry, and Psychodynamics

Abstract The unique experience of Disaster Psychiatry Outreach, a voluntary organization devoted to providing psychiatric assistance to people affected by disasters, provides a valuable substrate for exploring the role of psychodynamics in the human experience of disaster and trauma. This article offers a theoretical framework for such an experience that takes into account personal meaning, ego psychology and defenses, and grief work and suggests how to employ this framework in the setting of a disaster by way of examples from the events of Sept. 11. A useful clinical construct for future disaster work known as the “trauma tent” is ultimately proposed, as are novel applications of psychodynamics toward the prevention and mitigation of manmade and natural disasters.
Combined dieting and stress evoke exaggerated responses to opioids in binge-eating rats.

The authors developed an animal model of binge eating where history of caloric restriction with footshock stress (R S) causes rats to consume twice the normal amount of palatable food. The authors tested the hypothesis that binge eating is mediated by changes in opioid control of feeding by comparing rats’ anorectic and orexigenic responses to naloxone and butorphanol, respectively, and by testing the ability of butorphanol to elicit binge eating of chow when palatable food was absent. Mu/kappa opioid-receptor blockade and activation had exaggerated responses in the R S rats with naloxone suppressing binge eating to control levels, and although butorphanol did not trigger chow binge eating, it enhanced binge eating of palatable food. These responses in sated normal-weight rats strengthen evidence that reward, over metabolic need, drives binge eating.
Erratum: " Structure-Borne Sound Transmission in Rib-stiffened Plate Structures Typical of Wood Frame Buildings." (Building Acoustics 1999, 6(3/4), 289-308)

The paper published by Bosmans and Nightingale [1] presented a calculation model for predicting structure-borne sound transmission at junctions involving an eccentrically positioned orthotropic beam. Equation (20) of reference [1] suggests that the torsional stiffness of the beam depends on the shear constant Gxy which, according to Figure 7 of the same paper, corresponds to a plane perpendicular to the beam axis. However, the actual shear deformation caused by beam torsion occurs in the (x,z)and (y,z)-planes, and the torsional stiffness T is independent of Gxy. According to Hearmon [2], the torsional stiffness of an orthotropic beam with rectangular cross-section, is given by:
eNOS and prostanoid enzymes in lungs of newborn piglets with chronic aortopulmonary shunts

Our purpose was to determine if abundance of proteins underlying nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoid production is altered in lungs of piglets with aortopulmonary shunts. We also evaluated whether shu...
More Words and Bigger Pictures

Object recognition is a little like translation: a picture (text in a source language) goes in, and a description (text in a target language) comes out. I will use this analogy, which has proven fertile, to describe recent progress in object recognition. We have very good methods to spot some objects in images, but extending these methods to produce descriptions of images remains very difficult. The description might come in the form of a set of words, indicating objects, and boxes or regions spanned by the object. This representation is difficult to work with, because some objects seem to be much more important than others, and because objects interact. An alternative is a sentence or a paragraph describing the picture, and recent work indicates how one might generate rich structures like this. Furthermore, recent work suggests that it is easier and more effective to generate descriptions of images in terms of chunks of meaning (”person on a horse”) rather than just objects (”person”; ”horse”). Finally, if the picture contains objects that are unfamiliar, then we need to generate useful descriptions that will make it possible to interact with them, even though we don’t know what they are. About the Speaker David Forsyth is currently a full professor at U. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he moved from U.C Berkeley, where he was also full professor. He has published over 130 papers on computer vision, computer graphics and machine learning. He has served as program chair and as general chair for various international conferences on computer vision. He received an IEEE technical achievement award for 2005 for his research and became an IEEE fellow in 2009. His textbook, ”Computer Vision: A Modern Approach” (joint with J. Ponce and published by Prentice Hall) is widely adopted as a course text. A second edition appeared in 2011. He was named editor in chief of IEEE TPAMI for a term starting in Jan 2013.
Transforming the past : Luciano Berio's appropriation of folk materials and idioms in "Folk Songs" (1964).

In this preliminary search for a coherent and continuous cohesion of western art and folk music-cultures, Berio utilizes folk songs from seven distinct as the basis for composition. The technique for combining western classical and folk music is one that Berio modified throughout his career, although it is with Folk Songs that the appropriation of vernacular musical idioms is most transparent. In the arrangement of the songs for this cycle, Berio circumvents his earlier handling of the vocal line as evident in Circles (1960) and Epifianie (1961/65). The unencumbered lyricism demonstrates a desire, on some level, to preserve the identifying characteristics of the songs he has appropriated and the workings out of a methodology for incorporating folk materials in his compositional language. Through a critical analysis of his arrangements and the folk materials from which he draws inspirations, the significance of the symbiotic interrelationship between music and culture will be exposed.
Moral and Altruistic Development II

The subjects of altruism and moral development are closely linked and both topics can be treated in ways that emphasize cognitive processing or in ways that emphasize the importance of affect and socialization. Whereas in Chapter 8 the latter features will be emphasized, in the present chapter the cognitive aspects of these topics will be presented. Following a presentation of some of the principal perspectives in the cognitive-developmental approach to moral development and a brief sketch of a sociobiological perspective on these topics, the empirical literature derived from these approaches will be reviewed, with an emphasis on how the data fit with the evolutionary perspective.
Duotone surfaces

In this paper, we present a method to divide any given surface into two regions with two properties: (1) they are visually interlocked since the boundary curve covers the whole surface by meandering over it and (2) the areas of these two regions are approximately the same. We obtain the duotone surfaces by coloring these regions with two different colors.We show that it is always possible to obtain two such regions for any given mesh surface. Our approach is based on a useful property of vertex insertion schemes such as Catmull-Clark subdivision: If such a vertex insertion scheme is applied to a mesh, the vertices of resulting quadrilateral mesh are always two colorable. Using this property, we can always classify vertices of meshes that are obtained by a vertex insertion scheme into two groups. We show that it is always possible to create a single curve that covers the whole surface such that all vertices in the first group are on one side of the curve while the other group of vertices are on the other side of the same curve. This single curve serves as a boundary that defines two regions in the surface. If the initial distribution of the vertices on the surface is uniform, the areas of the two regions are approximately the same.We have implemented this approach by appropriately mapping textures on each quadrilateral. The resulting textured surfaces look aesthetically pleasing since they closely resemble planar TSP (traveling salesmen problem) art and Truchet-like curves.
The Mathematics of Referendum Elections and Separable Preferences

Voters in referendum elections are often required to cast simultaneous ballots on several possibly related questions or proposals. The separability problem occurs when a voter's preferences on one ...
Direct Observation of Mn 55 NMR in Antiferromagnetic CsMn F 3

The direct nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{55}$ nuclei in the hexagonal antiferromagnet CsMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ has been observed in the frequency range between 250 and 650 Mc/sec. The very strong temperature and field dependence of the NMR frequency in the liquid-helium temperature range can be explained by the nuclear-electron coupling theory of NMR in magnetic materials developed by de Gennes. The results of the NMR experiments are in good agreement with the two-sublattice model proposed for CsMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ by Lee. The NMR frequency extrapolated to infinite nuclear temperature was found to be 666 Mc/sec. This suggests a zero-point spin-wave reduction of 3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0%; Davis's calculation predicts a 4.36% reduction in $〈S〉$.
Renal Function in Decompensated Cirrhosis of the Liver.

SummaryGlomerular filtration and renal plasma flow were found to be normal in eleven patients with cirrhosis of the liver who were accumulating edema fluid indicating that the retention of sodium is due to increased tubular reabsorption.
Aeroelastic analysis of wing and wing/fuselage configurations

An interface method developed to couple aerodynamics and structures is used to evaluate the aeroelastic effects of an advanced transport whig at cruise conditions. The calculated results are compared with wind tunnel test data. The capability of the interface method is also extended to wing/fuselage configurations. In addition, an aircraft trim analysis is described and applied to wing configurations.
The Role of Spirituality and Religiosity in Persons Living With Sickle Cell Disease A Review of the Literature

Purpose: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a serious debilitating chronic illness, affecting approximately 90,000 Americans and millions globally. Spirituality and religiosity (S/R) may ease the burden faced by persons living with SCD. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of S/R in adolescents and adults living with SCD in the research literature. Method: The electronic databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Health Source Nursing/Academic, ProQuest Health Module, PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed, and the American Theological Library Association were searched from January 1995 to December 2014. Findings: Of the 89 studies retrieved, 11 articles between 2001 and 2013 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Four themes emerged. The themes included (a) S/R as sources of coping, (b) S/R enhance pain management, (c) S/R influence health care utilization, and (d) S/R improve quality of life. Discussion: Use of S/R may be significant in coping with SCD, managing pain, affecting...
Special investigation on occupational health in wooden furniture manufacturing industry in Gaoming District of Foshan City

[Objective]To investigate the main occupational hazards in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry in Gaoming district of Foshan City,and provide evidence for occupational disease control.[Methods]The primer,topcoat and diluents of 10 furniture enterprises were sampled for GC-MS analysis.The technological process,protection facilities,personal protective equipment and occupational hazard factors of 35 furniture factories were investigated and tested on site in 2011.[Results] A high toxic substances benzene was detected in 3 types of samples(1%).Of 761 monitoring item times,the qualified rate of noise,dust and chemical toxicant were 42.3%,58.5% and 79.9% respectively.[Conclusion]Supervision and law enforcement should be strengthened.Enterprises and workplaces with serious occupational hazards should be carried out strict regulation and supervision in order to protect the health of workers.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HYDRATION PRODUCTS OF SLAG-FLY ASH MIXED CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS

The hydration products,microstructure and strength of slag-fly ash mixed cementitious materials were measured and ana-lyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The composition and microstructure of the hydration products were determined,and the hydration and strength characteristics of slag-fly ash mixed cementitious materials were studied.The results in-dicate that under the action of an excitation agent,surface hydrolysis of slag takes place on the glass body first and the hydration reac-tion occurs.Then the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash takes place.The main compositions of hydration products for slag-fly ash mixed cementitious materials consist of gelating hydrated calcium silicate.The net-shaped microstructure in the cementitious stone is similar to hardened oil well cement.With the increase of curing time,the strength of hardened cement increases continually in the later of the reaction period.
Kisspeptin Responsiveness Signals Emergence of Reproductive Endocrine Activity: Implications for Human Puberty.

Context: Some patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) undergo spontaneous activation of their hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis resulting in normalization of steroidogenesis and/or gametogenesis, a phenomenon termed reversal. Objective: To assess the responsiveness of the GnRH neuronal network to exogenous kisspeptin administration in IHH patients who have undergone reversal. Participants: Six men with congenital IHH and evidence for reversal. Intervention: Subjects underwent q10 min blood sampling to measure GnRH-induced LH secretion at baseline and in response to iv boluses of kisspeptin (0.24–2.4 nmol/kg) and GnRH (75 ng/kg). Results: Individuals with sustained reversal of their hypogonadotropism (spontaneous LH pulses) responded to exogenous kisspeptin with a GnRH-induced LH pulse. Individuals who had reversal but then subsequently suffered relapse of their IHH (loss of spontaneous LH pulsatility) did not respond to kisspeptin. Conclusions: The ability of kisspeptin to stimulate...
Pain: geriatric self-learning module.

The Geriatric Resource Nurse Model is used at the University of Virginia to improve the competency of staff in caring for older adults. Eight self-learning educational modules were developed to address common concerns in hospitalized elders. The Pain: Geriatric Self-Learning Module to published here
Lasers in Aesthetic Surgery

Lasers have been used in aesthetic surgery to improve skin texture, diminish dyspigmentation and rhytides, and tighten skin. Because of the characteristics of the light used in laser technology, it can be used for selective photothermolysis that targets specific chromophores ultimately leading to facial rejuvenation. Physics behind laser technology, the different lasers available, their clinical uses, and how to avoid complications will be reviewed. A comparison between lasers and other competing available technologies such as pulse light devices, radiofrequency, and ultrasound therapy is included. The available lasers for tattoo removal are discussed.
Survival of the Nicest: How Altruism Made Us Human and Why It Pays to Get Along, by Stefan Klein

Reviewed by JOSEPH E. WISEHaving recently moved back to the Washington, DC, area, I purchased a wooden desk via Craigslist, a well-known Web site that allows individuals to buy and sell items. Afte...
Prognostic factors and survival in non-central nervous system rhabdoid tumors

Introduction Non-central nervous system (non-CNS) rhabdoid tumors tend to present at a young age and have an extremely aggressive course, with dismal overall survival rates. Inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene SMARCB1 has been shown in rhabdoid tumors regardless of anatomic location, suggesting a common genetic basis. We retrospectively analyzed our institutional experience with non-CNS rhabdoid tumors to determine overall survival and prognostic variables.
The Role of Leukocyte Endogenous Mediator (Endogenous Pyrogen) in Inflammation

The term inflammation is generally employed to describe the localized response to cellular injury. However, if the extent of injury is sufficient there are systemic consequences as well. For example, even a simple surgical procedure such as venesection elicits modest increases in various plasma proteins (1), while severe injury induces marked alterations in trace metal, nitrogen, energy and hormone metabolism (2,3). In fact, there appears to be a proportionality between the extent of injury and a number of these metabolic alterations (4,5). Moreover, these systemic manifestations of inflammation evanesce if the injury is successfully treated or resolves itself (4,6). There is an increasing amount of evidence that many of these systemic sequelae of tissue injury interact with the local events usually associated with inflammation to protect the host against infection, as well as to limit and repair the injury (7–9). Thus it seems appropriate, at least for the purposes of this discussion, to include these systemic sequelae as part of the host’s comprehensive response to inflammation. If this is so, one would expect these systemic metabolic manifestations to occur whenever there is inflammation irrespective of the nature of the stimulus.
Examining the network components of a Medicare fraud scheme: the Mirzoyan-Terdjanian organization

White-collar crime researchers have noted the stagnating nature of white-collar crime research and data, calling for use of a wider-range of methodological procedures to uncover the empirical reality of white-collar crime and offending in the U.S. Using a collection of archival data, the present study examines the structural components of the Mirzoyan-Terdjanian organization, a transnational organized crime network that defrauded the United States Medicare system out of more than $100 million. Policy implications that can be derived from the use of social networking techniques will be discussed.
Molecular Pathology of Cervical Dysplasia and Carcinoma

The incidence of cervical cancer and its associated mortality rate have declined significantly over the past 40 years in developed countries, primarily due to successful screening using the Papanicolaou test.
Cell biology: a cellular choreographer.

Specialized cells that form barriers such as those of the intestine adopt a distinct asymmetry. One particular protein may be a prime mover in bringing about such cellular organization.
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.

This review describes recent trends in the epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), emerging pathogens, new insights into NTM pathogenesis, and advances in diagnosis and treatment. Emerging pathogens include Mycobacterium chimaera and drug-resistant subspecies of Mycobacterium abscessus. Important virulence mechanisms of pathogenic NTM include the ability to alter the macrophage’s permissiveness to intracellular bacterial growth. New diagnostic tools consist of DNA probes, gene sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight. These methods allow rapid speciation of NTM species, in some cases directly from patient samples. There are few novel agents available to treat NTM, although some repurposed drugs show excellent activity. The incidence of NTM infections appears to be increasing in a number of regions around the world. Molecular methods are now the diagnostic tools of choice. Discovery of novel effective agents and/or drug combinations with greater likelihood of cure, shorter treatment duration, and fewer side effects are research priorities.