cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic acid for soft-tissue augmentation.

Because of its ease of injection, safety profile, and high patient acceptance, Hylaform may become a leader in the soft-tissue augmentation market in the United States, as it already is worldwide.
Optimal space suit mass for Mars extravehicular activity

Enabling efficient extravehicular activity (EVA) is a key requirement for future human planetary exploration. Relative to unsuited human movement, space suits can impose substantial bioenergetic costs through their direct impact on load carried, as well as joint torques and inertial effects. This work focuses on the former, as represented by the weight of the space suit, taken to include suit, life support system, and other gear carried, which must be borne by astronauts during EVA. Gas pressure space suit legs can be treated as human-stabilized columns supported by air pressure, constraining the available forces for suit self-support. Here I model how suit pressure, gravitational acceleration, and gait characteristics interact to determine whether pressure suits are self-supporting or whether part of their weight must be carried by a suited astronaut. For the purposes of this model, optimal suit mass is defined as the maximum allowable mass at which the space suit is self-supporting across the range of human gait. The model suggests that complete suit self-support was achieved during Apollo lunar surface exploration despite 81 kg to 96 kg EVA system mass. However, on Mars, such a suit would not achieve self-support. Achieving Moon-like levels of self-support is estimated to require a 45 kg Mars suit. NASA EVA prototype suits for planetary exploration significantly exceed this mass but can compensate by operating at higher suit pressures. However, if low pressure (3.8 to 4.3 psi) operation is required to enable astronaut mobility, significant suit mass reductions will be required for astronaut explorers of Mars to avoid direct load carrying bioenergetics penalties and their associated impact on portable life support system sizing or performance margins.
‘Is America afraid of the truth?’ The aborted North American trip of Shapuriji Saklatvala, MP

In the fall of 1925, S.J. Saklatvala, an Indian-born Communist Member of the British Parliament, attempted to travel to the United States for the annual meeting of the Interparliamentary Union. At the last minute, the US government revoked his visa because of his Communist politics. This article examines this affair, analyses American governmentâ€™s decision and the British governmentâ€™s reaction, and places this in the context of the anti-Communist sentiment in Britain and the United States during the 1920s. Finally, the article examines the unsucessful campaign against the ban, emphasising how the campaign allowed Communists to build support among different sectors of the population.
Bioaerosol contamination of produce: Potential issues from an unexplored contaminant route

The aerosolization of foodborne pathogens and subsequent contamination of fresh food crops has been hypothesized to occur in field conditions. Very little evidence suggests confirming or denying this hypothesis, but some empirical evidence suggests its possibility, particularly when viewing aersosols from plant pathogens, as well as from other agricultural sectors. Despite the lack of research, a few areas can be identified which would be more prone to aerosolization. Irrigation, particularly surface-, furrow-, and spray-irrigation have all demonstrated their ability to aerosolize microorganisms and possibly contribute to food crop contamination. However, separating contaminants solely attributed to aerosolized irrigation water from plant tissue directly contacted by irrigation water will prove to be difficult. There is evidence to suggest that irrigation water can vertically aerosolize pathogens a meter into the air, contacting tissue in the vicinity. The land application of residual wastes and the presence of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have concerned farmers for some time now, in part due to some of the more recent food crop outbreaks. Application operations and CAFOs are already known to contribute bioaerosols; however, the majority of studies suggest that the bioaerosols generated will be kept onsite or travel a few hundred meters with a high dilution rate with increasing distance. This dilution factor appears to adequately dilute most pathogens, unless the aerosolization source is very nearby. For the most part, it appears that many of the most common aerosol-generating phenomena can be controlled, possibly reducing their respective impacts. Given the relative unknown nature of aerosols, there is a large knowledge gap, which is primed for more intensive research, particularly the role that aerosolization contributes to foodborne pathogens on crops. The aerosol contamination route has been largely ignored, especially considering the large focus other contamination routes have received.
Lack of Preventive Health Behaviors in the Early Forties: The Role of Earlier Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking From Adolescence to Adulthood

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the degree to which individuals in different trajectories of cigarette smoking from adolescence to the early forties are similar or different in terms of lack of preventive health behaviors (e.g., underuse of preventive health services, unhealthy eating habits) in early midlife. Methods: Participants came from a community-based random sample of residents in two upstate New York counties (N = 548). Data were collected from adolescence to early midlife (mean age = 43 years, standard deviation [SD] = 2.8) at seven time points. Using growth mixture modeling, we statistically identified the number of smoking trajectories. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between the probabilities of participants' smoking trajectory group membership and lack of preventive behaviors in early midlife. Results: Five trajectory groups of cigarette smokers were identified. With controls, as compared with the nonsmoker trajectory group, higher probabilities of belonging to th...
Mapping from the Margins: The Films of Beto Brant

This chapter explores the notion of border in six films by Beto Brant, a director who has been making films since the late 1980s, and whose steady production has been known for portraying outcast, marginal, and lone characters. It argues that Brant’s career as a filmmaker shows an interest in characters that live on the margins of social space. Through the mapping of Brant’s marginal characters and places, the chapter contends that the filmmaker uses different spatial strategies to articulate effects of alienation, repression, and resistance.
It’s all relative? Post-truth rhetoric, relativism, and teaching on “Authority as Constructed and Contextual”

W ithin the current climate of political polarization and discussions about “post-truth” rhetoric, many academic librarians are debating how the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education 1 does or does not address “post-truth” thinking and rhetoric. Most of these discussions have centered on the Authority Is Constructed frame, which describes source authority as determined largely in communities and within specific contexts, rather than as anything absolute or universal. The concept of constructed authority can potentially be understood as an affirmation that authority is purely a matter of opinion or subjective evaluation, or that there are no consistent or objective indicators of credibility. On the other hand, the notion of authority as entirely objective misrepresents the social nature of knowledge creation and renders invisible the sociocultural structures and systems that powerfully share what is considered knowledge.
Magnetic resonance elastography to estimate brain stiffness: Measurement reproducibility and its estimate in pseudotumor cerebri patients

This study determines the reproducibility of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) derived brain stiffness in normal volunteers and compares it against pseudotumor patients before and after lumbar puncture (LP). MRE was performed on 10 normal volunteers for reproducibility and 14 pseudotumor patients before and after LP. During LP, opening and closing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressures were recorded before and after removal of CSF and correlated to brain stiffness. Stiffness reproducibility was observed (r > 0.78; p < 0.008). Whole brain opening LP stiffness was significantly (p = 0.04) higher than normals, but no significant difference (p = 0.11) in closing LP measurements. No significant correlation was observed between opening and closing pressure and brain stiffness.
Visual adaptation and the amplitude spectra of radiological images

We examined how visual sensitivity and perception are affected by adaptation to the characteristic amplitude spectra of X-ray mammography images. Because of the transmissive nature of X-ray photons, these images have relatively more low-frequency variability than natural images, a difference that is captured by a steeper slope of the amplitude spectrum (~ − 1.5) compared to the ~ 1/f (slope of − 1) spectra common to natural scenes. Radiologists inspecting these images are therefore exposed to a different balance of spectral components, and we measured how this exposure might alter spatial vision. Observers (who were not radiologists) were adapted to images of normal mammograms or the same images sharpened by filtering the amplitude spectra to shallower slopes. Prior adaptation to the original mammograms significantly biased judgments of image focus relative to the sharpened images, demonstrating that the images are sufficient to induce substantial after-effects. The adaptation also induced strong losses in threshold contrast sensitivity that were selective for lower spatial frequencies, though these losses were very similar to the threshold changes induced by the sharpened images. Visual search for targets (Gaussian blobs) added to the images was also not differentially affected by adaptation to the original or sharper images. These results complement our previous studies examining how observers adapt to the textural properties or phase spectra of mammograms. Like the phase spectrum, adaptation to the amplitude spectrum of mammograms alters spatial sensitivity and visual judgments about the images. However, unlike the phase spectrum, adaptation to the amplitude spectra did not confer a selective performance advantage relative to more natural spectra.
Actinyl(VI) Carbonates in Concentrated Sodium Chloride Solutions: Characterization, Solubility, and Stability

Salt formations, like the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site near Carlsbad New Mexico and the Gorleben site in Niedersachsen Germany, are proposed to serve as permanent repositories for transuranic waste. Safety assessment required for the licensing of these sites necessitates the modeling of potential radionuclide releases from proposed nuclear waste repositories and the estimation of actinide solubilities in surrounding groundwaters. An understanding of actinide speciation and complex stability in the natural aquifer systems is the basis for developing reliable release models and predicting solubility. The predominant geochemical complexation reactions of actinides, hydrolysis and carbonate complex equilibria, have been studied in dilute solutions. Until recently, however, analogous studies in concentrated electrolyte solution, which are critical for the prediction of actinide behavior in complex brine systems, had not been performed.
Astronomical x-ray optics using mono-crystalline silicon: high resolution, light weight, and low cost

X-ray astronomy critically depends on X-ray optics. The capability of an X-ray telescope is largelydetermined by the point-spread function (PSF) and the photon-collection area of its mirrors, the same astelescopes in other wavelength bands. Since an X-ray telescope must be operated above the atmosphere inspace and that X-rays reflect only at grazing incidence, X-ray mirrors must be both lightweight and thin, bothof which add significant technical and engineering challenge to making an X-ray telescope. In this paper wereport our effort at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) of developing an approach to making an Xraymirror assembly that can be significantly better than the mirror assembly currently flying on the ChandraX-ray Observatory in each of the three aspects: PSF, effective area per unit mass, and production cost per uniteffective area. Our approach is based on the precision polishing of mono-crystalline silicon to fabricate thinand lightweight X-ray mirrors of the highest figure quality and micro-roughness, therefore, having thepotential of achieving diffraction-limited X-ray optics. When successfully developed, this approach will makeimplementable in the 2020s and 2030s many X-ray astronomical missions that are currently on the drawingboard, including sounding rocket flights such as OGRE, Explorer class missions such as STAR-X andFORCE, Probe class missions such as AXIS, TAP, and HEX-P, as well as large missions such as Lynx.
Convex Processes and Hamiltonian Dynamical Systems

Many economists have studied optimal growth models of the form $$\matrix{{\max imize} \hfill & {f_0^\infty e^{ - \rho } U(k(t),\,\,z(t))dt} \hfill \cr {subject\,\,to} \hfill & {k(0) = k_0, \dot k(t) = z(t) - \gamma k(t),} \hfill \cr }$$ (1) where K is a vector of capital goods, γ is the rate of depreciation, ρ is the discount rate, and U is a continuous concave utility function defined on a closed convex set D in which the pair (k,z) is constrained to lie. The theory of such problems is plagued by technical difficulties caused by the infinite time interval.\The optimality conditions are still not well understood, and there are serious questions about the existence of solutions and even the meaningfulness, in certain cases, of the expression being maximized.
Adenoma and Carcinoma, Pancreatic Islets, Rat

Adenomas of the pancreatic islets may not be visible grossly, or they may occur as pale to reddish, usually spherical nodules 3-5 mm or more in diameter within the pancreas. Carcinomas may appear grossly as round or irregular flesh-colored to dark red nodules up to 10 mm or more in diameter. Larger and more aggressive carcinomas on rare occasions may present as diffusely infiltrative masses which involve the duodenum or other abdominal organs.
Current Issues in School Services for Students with Autism

Recent research and practice in the education of students with autism are contrasted with earlier approaches and grouped in seven current issues: assessment, early intervention, family involvement,...
The Stanford hand-eye project

There is a large continuing project at Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory aimed towards the development of a system capable of interesting perceptual-motor behavior. This paper presents a brief outline of the currently active efforts and suggests references for more detailed information. A more thorough discussion of the effort to organize a visual perception system is presented.
Occurrence and Control of Cryptosporidium in Drinking Water

Although Cryptosporidium, an enteric coccidian protozoan, was described in 1907, it has only been recognized as a cause of disease in humans since 1980. Within five years of its acceptance as a human pathogen, the first waterborne outbreak associated with Cryptosporidium was described in the United States. Cryptosporidium must now be included in a list of pathogens which may occur and be transmitted by contaminated water.
Vehicle Suspension System Uncertainty Modeling, Control and Performance Evaluations

This research investigates uncertain vehicle quarter suspension dynamics and associated performances for multiplicative, additive, quotient, and inverse dynamical uncertainty model descriptions. The uncertain system models consider the variation on its sprung mass range as the source of uncertainty, resulting in different passenger comfort levels and implying superior dynamical modeling and optimization frameworks. The proposed robust system framework considers four uncertain dynamical descriptions and utilizes the corresponding Linear Fractional Transformations to achieve the robust performance in terms of steady-state tracking for superior passenger comfort levels and acceptable actuator actions for practical operations under norm-bounded uncertainty. The modeling and control synthesis simulations verify the close relationship between the suspension system uncertain dynamical characterization and superior comfort levels and identifies the optimal uncertainty description.
A Long Road to Freedom: The Exoneration Pipeline in the United States, 1989–2015

Research on criminal exoneration, a judicial declaration of innocence post-conviction, has emphasized the demographics of exonerees and the evidentiary bases of exoneration. Few studies have analyz...
A 2.1 pJ/bit, 8 Gb/s Ultra-Low Power In-Package Serial Link Featuring a Time-based Front-end and a Digital Equalizer

An 8 Gb/s time-to-digital converter (TDC) based receiver with a time-based front-end in 65nm CMOS is specifically designed for in-package serial link applications. The proposed receiver converts the channel signal to a corresponding time delay which is amplified by a novel delay line based time amplifier. Next, a time-to-digital converter generates a 4-bit code which is used for digital equalization. The proposed design is digital intensive and hence highly resilient to voltage headroom and/or PVT issues. A bathtub curve and time domain eye-diagram were measured by an in-situ bit-error-rate (BER) monitor circuit. An energy-efficiency of 2.1 pJ/b was achieved at 8 Gb/s for a 7 mm link. The receiver area is 240×120μm2.
Psychiatric comorbidity among first-time and repeat DUI offenders.

Abstract Driving under the influence of alcohol or other substances is a serious public health concern. Previous research has shown that psychiatric comorbidity is more prevalent for repeat offenders than the general population, and that first-time offenders exhibit elevated rates of psychiatric comorbidity, but few studies have directly compared first-time and repeat DUI offenders. The current study compares psychiatric comorbidity among repeat and first-time DUI offenders. First-time and repeat DUI offenders completed the screener module of the Computerized Assessment and Referral System (CARS), adapted from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI: Kessler & Ustun, 2004 ), to measure potential psychiatric comorbidity. For 16 of 19 psychiatric disorders, repeat DUI offenders were more likely to screen positive during their lifetime compared with first-time DUI offenders. Similarly, repeat DUI offenders were more likely to screen positive during the past year for 11 of 16 assessed psychiatric disorders. Overall, repeat DUI offenders screened positive for an average of 6.3 disorders during their lifetime, compared to first-time offenders who screened positive for an average of 3.7 disorders. Repeat DUI offenders also screened positive for more past-year disorders (M = 3.3) than first-time offenders (M = 1.9). Compared to first-time offenders, repeat DUI offenders evidence more severe and pervasive psychiatric comorbidity. Further research is necessary to determine whether psychiatric comorbidity among first-time offenders directly predicts re-offense. If so, screening for mental health issues among first-offenders could provide valuable information about how best to allocate resources for these offenders.
Writing Motivation and Middle School: An Examination of Changes in Students’ Motivation for Writing

ABSTRACTIn many states, writing is tested only in selected grades causing writing instruction often to be over-emphasized some years and neglected in others. The present study examines how students...
Neural Isolation of the Olfactory Bulbs Severely Impairs Taste-Guided Behavior to Normally Preferred, But Not Avoided, Stimuli.

Abstract Here we systematically tested the hypothesis that motivated behavioral responsiveness to preferred and avoided taste compounds is relatively independent of the olfactory system in mice whose olfactory bulbs (main and accessory) were surgically disconnected from the rest of the brain [bulbotomy (BULBx)]. BULBx was confirmed histologically as well as functionally with the buried food test. In brief access taste tests, animals received 10-s trials of various concentrations of a taste compound delivered quasirandomly. BULBx C57BL/6 (B6) mice displayed severely blunted concentration-dependent licking for the disaccharide sucrose, the maltodextrin Maltrin, and the fat emulsion Intralipid relative to their sham-operated controls (SHAM B6). Licking for the noncaloric sweetener saccharin was also blunted by bulbotomy, but less so. As expected, mice lacking a functional “sweet” receptor [T1R2+T1R3 knockout (KO)] displayed concentration-dependent responsiveness to Maltrin and severely attenuated licking to sucrose. Like in B6 mice, responsiveness to both stimuli was exceptionally curtailed by bulbotomy. In contrast to these deficits in taste-guided behavior for unconditionally preferred stimuli, BULBx in B6 and KO mice did not alter concentration-dependent decreases for the representative avoided stimuli quinine and citric acid. Nor did it temper the intake of and preference for high concentrations of affectively positive stimuli when presented in long-term (23-h) two-bottle tests, demonstrating that the surgery does not lead to a generalized motivational deficit. Collectively, these behavioral results demonstrate that specific aspects of taste-guided ingestive motivation are profoundly disturbed by eliminating the anatomic connections between the main/accessory olfactory bulbs and the rest of the brain.
Women's Experiences After Ovarian Cancer Surgery: Distress, Uncertainty, and the Need for Occupational Therapy.

Importance: Despite the growing literature on the association of functional, physical, and quality-of-life (QOL) deficits with poor postoperative outcomes, there is a gap in the literature identifying women’s occupational performance needs after ovarian cancer surgery. Objective: To describe the experiences of women hospitalized after ovarian cancer surgery to identify potential areas for intervention. Goals were to (1) identify functional needs and limitations at time of discharge as measured by the typical acute care occupational therapy evaluation and semistructured interview and (2) understand the women’s perspectives of their needs for occupational therapy and a safe return to home. Design: Single-arm, cross-sectional descriptive study. Mixed-methods data collection and analysis. Setting: Academic cancer center. Participants: Women with ovarian cancer (N = 11) who had completed surgery. Intervention: Semistructured interviews and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) completed postsurgery. Outcomes and Measures: PROMs included the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Distress Thermometer and Problem List, the PROMIS® Global Physical Health (GPH) and Global Mental Health (GMH) scales, and the Possibilities for Activity Scale–Women (PActS–W). Results: The mean NCCN Distress score was 6.0 (standard deviation [SD] = 3.1, with the top three concerns being pain (80%), worry (80%), and fatigue (78%). Mean GPH and GMH T scores were 38.0 (SD = 8.8) and 48.2 (SD = 8.4), respectively. Women scored a mean of 39.2 (SD = 11.2, range = 26–58) on the PActS–W. Thematic analyses found that the women were uncertain about potential functional limitations and significantly distressed. Conclusion and Relevance: Women with ovarian cancer experienced high levels of uncertainty and distress after surgery. Integrating in-home or community-based occupational therapy into routine care could decrease functional distress and uncertainty and help women manage concerns related to pain, worry, and fatigue. What This Article Adds: This study suggests that occupational therapy evaluation and intervention are needed to decrease distress and improve QOL of women upon discharge after ovarian cancer surgery.
Curative effect analysis of intravitreal Ranibizumab for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) for the treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods A total of 98 premature infants (190 eyes) with diagnosis of threshold ROP were reviewed and analyzed in this study. All the infants received IVR (10 mg/ml, 0.025ml) as the initial treatment within 24 hours after diagnosis. Anterior segment examinations were performed after injection in first 3 days, and fundus examination were performed after treatment in third day, first week third week and eighth week, and determined the follow-up examinations time according to condition and correct gestational age. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 48 weeks, and the average follow-up time was (32.1±10.5) weeks. If the infants didn’t respond positively to the treatment, IVR or laser photocoagulation treatment was performed once more. Results After receiving IVR injections, 128 eyes (67.37%) exhibited ROP regression. Among the eyes, the development of peripheral retinal vessels could be observed in 105 eyes (55.26%) which received a single injection; clinical improvement in 23 eye (12.11%) which received repeat injection; stable disease in 56 eyes (29.47%) which received laser therapy; needing-advance treatment disease in 6 eyes (3.16%). Conclusions IVR is safe and effective for most threshold ROP infants. In cases of recurrence or no response, conventional laser treatment or an additional IVR injection were needed for the others. Key words: Retinopathy; Threshold retinopathy of prematurity; Treatment; Intravitreal ranibizumab
Extended Thromboprophylaxis With Betrixaban or Rivaroxaban for Acutely Ill Hospitalized Medical Patients: Meta-Analysis of Prespecified Subgroups.

BACKGROUND Betrixaban and rivaroxaban are the direct anticoagulants approved in the United States for extended venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis among acutely ill medical patients. The efficacy and safety in specific subgroups remain unclear. METHODS A meta-analysis of 3 randomized trials involving extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban or rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin for medically ill patients was performed to compare VTE (composite of asymptomatic proximal and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or VTE-related death) and major bleeding in subgroups by baseline D-dimer, age, sex, and major medical illness on hospitalization. Risk difference (RD) was computed with the Mantel-Haenszel method by fitting a fixed-effect model. Heterogeneity of treatment effect across subgroups was examined using the nominal thresholds of P 75%. RESULTS Compared with enoxaparin, extended betrixaban or rivaroxaban reduced VTE (RD = -1.51% [95% CI, -2.32% to -0.69%]; P = 0.0003) without excess major bleeding (RD = 0.12% [-0.05% to 0.29%]; P = 0.16). A significant effect modification was observed in the subgroups by D-dimer (P = 0.004) and age (P = 0.04). Patients with D-dimer >2× upper limit of normal (ULN) experienced a greater VTE reduction (RD = -2.39% [-3.57% to -1.21%]; P 2×ULN or aged ≥75 years. D-dimer and advanced age may assist in decision-making on pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for hospitalized medical patients.
Fine-Needle Aspiration-Based Patient-Derived Cancer Organoids.

Summary Patient-derived cancer organoids hold great potential to accurately model and predict therapeutic responses. Efficient organoid isolation methods that minimize post-collection manipulation of tissues would improve adaptability, accuracy, and applicability to both experimental and real-time clinical settings. Here we present a simple and minimally invasive fine-needle aspiration (FNA)-based organoid culture technique using a variety of tumor types including gastrointestinal, thyroid, melanoma, and kidney. This method isolates organoids directly from patients at the bedside or from resected tissues, requiring minimal tissue processing while preserving the histologic growth patterns and infiltrating immune cells. Finally, we illustrate diverse downstream applications of this technique including in vitro high-throughput chemotherapeutic screens, in situ immune cell characterization, and in vivo patient-derived xenografts. Thus, routine clinical FNA-based collection techniques represent an unappreciated substantial source of material that can be exploited to generate tumor organoids from a variety of tumor types for both discovery and clinical applications.
Social Emotional Learning in Arts Teacher Education Policy: A Content Analysis of Assurance Standards and Course Descriptions.

Social Emotional Learning (SEL) is a unifying framework for essential life skills, including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationships, and responsible decision-making. In th...
Systematic review of telemedicine in spine surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The use of telemedicine (TM) has long been available, but recent restrictions to hospitals due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have accelerated the global implementation of TM. However, evidence on the effectiveness of this technology for the care of spine surgery patients is limited. In this systematic review the authors aimed to examine the current utilization of TM for spine surgery. METHODS: Using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, the authors performed a systematic review of the literature focused on the themes of telemedicine and spine surgery. Included in the search were randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-controlled studies. Two independent reviewers conducted the study appraisal, data abstraction, and quality assessments of the studies. RESULTS: Out of 1463 references from the initial search results, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of TM interventions focused on improving perioperative patient communication and patient education by using mobile phone apps, online surveys, or online materials for consent. The studies reported the feasibility of the use of TM for perioperative care and positive user experiences from the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The current increase in TM adoption due to the COVID-19 crisis presents an opportunity to further develop and validate this technology. Early evidence in the literature supports the use of TM as an adjunct to traditional in-person clinical encounters for certain perioperative tasks such as supplemental patient education and postoperative surveys.
A structural equation model of relationships of health literacy, illness and medication beliefs with medication adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Abstract Objective To determine the relative contributions of health literacy (HL) and illness and medication beliefs to medication adherence among older COPD patients and determine the pathways through which they operate. Methods The study was conducted using data from a prospective cohort of COPD patients in New York City and Chicago. We used structural equation modeling to examine the pathways linking HL, through medications and illness beliefs, with COPD medication adherence. Results Out of 393 older adults with COPD, 123 (31%) had limited HL and 208 (53%) reported low adherence to daily COPD medications. Those with limited HL were more likely to have low medication adherence (p Conclusion Our findings suggest that low HL is not a direct predictor of poor medication adherence among COPD patients. Practice implications Addressing medication concerns and reinforcing the need for daily COPD medications may be a more effective strategy for increasing adherence in this population.
A Treacherous Course.

A Treacherous Course A 33-year-old man with a history of smoking and heavy alcohol use presented to the emergency department in September 2019 with fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and hemoptysis. ...
Revised Draft Genome Sequences of Rhodomicrobium vannielii ATCC 17100 and Rhodomicrobium udaipurense JA643

Recent attempts to sequence regions of the Rhodomicrobium vannielii ATCC 17100 genome revealed discrepancies with the previously published genome. We report the revised draft genome sequences of the type strains Rhodomicrobium vannielii ATCC 17100 and Rhodomicrobium udaipurense JA643. These revisions will facilitate genetic studies of phototrophic metabolism in these bacteria.
Reforming Adult Felony Probation to Ease Prison Overcrowding: An Overview of California S.B. 678

INTRODUCTION In 2009, California’s prison overcrowding crisis made national headlines.1 A panel of three federal judges ordered the state to reduce its prison population to 137.5% of design capacity within two years in order to conform with constitutional requirements.2 Faced with the threat of releasing as many as fifty thousand offenders into the community, lawmakers and state officials rushed to devise plans that would satisfy the federal mandate, while also preserving public safety.3 Yet, the specter of tens of thousands of offenders living in the community is not a future scenario, but a present-day fact. As of December 31, 2008, approximately 445,822 adults in California were under “community supervision,” serving the remainder of a state prison term on parole or having been directly sentenced to probation.4 Roughly three-quarters of adults serving sentences in the community5—or about three times the number of offenders in California prisons at any one time6—are probationers. The large number of individuals on probation is directly tied to the state prison population: felony offenders who failed probation supervision account for about forty percent of all new felony
∂PV: An end-to-end differentiable solar-cell simulator

Abstract We introduce ∂ P V , an end-to-end differentiable photovoltaic (PV) cell simulator based on the drift-diffusion model and Beer–Lambert law for optical absorption. ∂ P V is programmed in Python using JAX, an automatic differentiation (AD) library for scientific computing. Using AD coupled with the implicit function theorem, ∂ P V computes the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of an input PV design as well as the derivative of the PCE with respect to any input parameters, all within comparable time of solving the forward problem. We show an example of perovskite solar-cell optimization and multi-parameter discovery, and compare results with random search and finite differences. The simulator can be integrated with optimization algorithms and neural networks, opening up possibilities for data-efficient optimization and parameter discovery. Program summary Program Title: ∂ P V CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/7w7r8mtx3d.1 Developer's repository link: https://github.com/romanodev/deltapv.git Code Ocean capsule: https://codeocean.com/capsule/0851990 Licensing provisions: MIT Programming language: Python Nature of problem: Photovoltaic cell optimization has been traditionally difficult due to the lack of gradients from numerical drift-diffusion solvers. This results in the need to treat the problem as a case of black-box optimization, which incurs high computational costs and low data efficiency. Solution method: An end-to-end differentiable photovoltaic simulator via the drift-diffusion model was developed using JAX, a growing scientific computation and automatic-differentiation library. To enhance computational speed, the implicit function theorem was used to bypass the need for directly differentiating through iterative solvers.
Correlation between maternal and infant cortisol varies by breastfeeding status

Objective The objective of this study was to examine associations of mother and infant salivary cortisol, measured three times over the course of a day, and assess whether these varied by breastfeeding status.
Expression of type I and type III procollagen by lens epithelial cells.

PURPOSE To identify the types of procollagen that are synthesized by cultured bovine lens epithelial cells and to determine what types of post-translational modifications are involved in procollagen biosynthesis and what patterns of procollagen gene expression occur in these cells. METHODS The epithelial nature of the cultured cells was confirmed with transmission electron and phase contrast microscopy. To label collagen, primary or secondary monolayer cultures were pulsed with [3H] proline for various periods of time. Procollagens were identified by immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies, pepsin digestion, and electrophoretic separation on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Procollagen messenger RNA was identified by Northern blot analysis using specific DNA probes. RESULTS In the normal lens epithelium, cells are attached to each other by tight junctions punctuated with desmosomes. After the proteins were labeled, they were immunoprecipitated with antibodies specific to collagen precursors and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to further confirm their identification as types I and III procollagen or processed forms of these proteins. The secretion of procollagen was inhibited by treatment with 2,2'-dipyridyl and bands of underhydroxylated procollagen were observed in the cell layer after electrophoresis. The sizes of messenger RNA observed were 6.9 kb and 5.4 kb for type alpha 1(I), 5.0 kb for type alpha 2(I), and 5.3 kb for the type III transcripts. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that lens epithelial cells express fibrillar procollagen genes, making the lens capsule a unique ocular basement membrane.
Responses to the Economic Crisis among Immigrants in the Czech Republic: Impeding and Inhibiting Factors for Staying

Dieser Beitrag beschaftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen der jungsten Weltwirtschaftskrise auf die Zuwanderung in der Tschechischen Republik. Die Entwicklungen wahrend dieser wirtschaftlich problematischen Zeit legen nahe, dass die im Bereich der Zuwanderung „unerfahrene“ Tschechische Republik, die erst im vergangenen Jahrzehnt in groserem Umfang Menschen anzog, die auf der Suche nach wirtschaftlichen Moglichkeiten waren, die gleichen historischen Fehler begangen hat wie bereits die westeuropaischen Lander wahrend der Olkrise in den 1970ern. Zunachst war es der tschechischen Regierung aufgrund des vielversprechenden Wirtschaftswachstums zu Beginn des Jahrzehnts moglich gewesen, Aspekte der Zuwanderung wie die Steuerung des Zustroms und die Integration der Migranten in die Mehrheitsgesellschaft zu ignorieren. Der Verlust von Arbeitsplatzen Ende 2008 – unabhangig davon, dass viele Arbeitgeber in den Wirtschaftszweigen auf auslandische Arbeitsmigranten angewiesen sind – traf das Land unvorbereitet. Als Masnahme zur Senkung der Arbeitslosenquote und um gesellschaftlichen Unruhen entgegenzuwirken, bot die Tschechische Republik den Zuwanderern, welche die Entscheidung zur freiwilligen Ausreise trafen, finanzielle Unterstutzung an. Dabei wurde allerdings die Bereitschaft der auslandischen Arbeitnehmer zur Ruckkehr in die Heimat, auch nach Verlust der Erwerbstatigkeit, uberschatzt.Der vorliegende Beitrag stutzt sich auf Untersuchungen, die unter Teilnehmern am staatlich unterstutzten Programm zur Freiwilligen Ruckkehr durchgefuhrt wurden, sowie auf eine ethnografische Vertiefungsstudie der vietnamesischen, ukrainischen und mongolischen Gemeinschaften in Prag, und er zeigt, dass sich die meisten Migranten trotz oft massiver Verschlechterungen ihrer Lebensbedingungen fur den Verbleib im Land entschieden haben. Wahrend die Motivationen der Zuwanderer, das Land zu verlassen oder zu bleiben, facettenreich sind, liefert dieser Beitrag eine Alternative zum „Pull-Push”-Modell, wobei sowohl okonomische als auch kulturelle Faktoren Berucksichtigung finden, die eine Ruckkehr der Migranten in ihre Heimat sowohl hemmen als auch verhindern.
An advanced management architecture for IN.

To provide various advanced telecommunications services and to enhance their operations, it is necessary to introduce a flexible and adaptable architecture on the Intelligent Network (IN). IN may be seen as one of the most innovative concepts of that last decade, if this flexibility and adaptability may be achieved. One way to reach such a goal is to introduce some intelligence. In that way, we propose a new management architecture for IN introducing concepts from the field of Distributed Artificial Intelligence.
The generation of natural firing patterns in neostriatal neurons.

Publisher Summary In one of the first single unit recording studies of the mammalian neostriatum, Albe-Fessard and co-workers observed that spontaneously active neostriatal neurons in unanesthetized (decerebrate) animals fired at low rates in an irregular, somewhat bursty pattern. They further observed that upon onset of chloralose anesthesia, the bursts of activity were more pronounced and began to occur rhythmically at 3–10 Hz. A later study by Sedgwick and Williams showed that this rhythmic bursting was also characteristic of light barbituate anesthesia, and deeper anesthesia could lead to slowing and complete cessation of firing. Using intracellular recordings, Sedgwick and Williams were able to demonstrate prolonged depolarizing potentials that underlay the bursts of firing in the lightly anesthetized animals, and they postulated that these arose from a rhythmic excitatory synaptic input to the neostriatum, acting in conjunction with inhibitory processes that terminated the bursts. Numerous studies published over the past 25 years have repeated these observations, usually emphasizing the low firing rates of the neurons, the large number of neurons with practically no spontaneous firing (in both anesthetized and unanesthetized preparations), and the rhythmic bursting of neurons under light anesthesia.
Moderators of the effect of weight on job‐related outcomes: a meta‐analysis of experimental studies

This study provides the first meta-analytic testing of (1) several proposed moderators of the relationship between employee weight and job-related outcomes (e.g., target gender, target qualifications, and rater gender); and (2) the effect of specific design features on the variation in results obtained across relevant experimental studies (e.g., weight manipulation and amount of job-relevant information). The results indicate that there are important moderators of the relationship between people's weight and job-related outcomes. However, design feature may significantly influence the obtained results. In particular, inconsistent experimental findings regarding the hypothesized moderating role of target sex appear to be explained by limitations in the way in which target weight was manipulated in some studies. Directions for future research are identified.
Pornography and the First Amendment: A Reply to Professor MacKinnon

point as Professor MacKinnon appears to. Moreover, all the evidence is not yet in as to the actual impact of pornography, and Professor MacKinnon may overstate its role in the subordination of women.2 Nevertheless, generally speaking, I accept Professor MacKinnon's basic position and proceed upon the premise that pornography plays a major part in establishing and maintaining male supremacy in our society. My concern arises not from Professor MacKinnon's statement of the problem but from her proposals for a solution. Despite her opening remark that "pornography cannot be reformed or suppressed or banned," but "can only be changed," it is clear that Professor MacKinnon would deal with the problem by invoking the power of the government to suppress pornography. Her specific proposals are embodied in the Minneapolis and Indianapolis Ordinances, which she and Andrea Dworkin drafted and persuaded the city councils of those cities to adopt. The Minneapolis Ordinance was vetoed by the Mayor as a violation of the first amendment, but
HCoDES Reveals Chromosomal DNA End Structures with Single-Nucleotide Resolution.

The structure of broken DNA ends is a critical determinant of the pathway used for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Here, we develop an approach involving the hairpin capture of DNA end structures (HCoDES), which elucidates chromosomal DNA end structures at single-nucleotide resolution. HCoDES defines structures of physiologic DSBs generated by the RAG endonuclease, as well as those generated by nucleases widely used for genome editing. Analysis of G1 phase cells deficient in H2AX or 53BP1 reveals DNA ends that are frequently resected to form long single-stranded overhangs that can be repaired by mutagenic pathways. In addition to 3′ overhangs, many of these DNA ends unexpectedly form long 5′ single-stranded overhangs. The divergence in DNA end structures resolved by HCoDES suggests that H2AX and 53BP1 may have distinct activities in end protection. Thus, the high-resolution end structures obtained by HCoDES identify features of DNA end processing during DSB repair.
Patient perceptions of coercion in mental hospital admission

In civil commitment the state applies its police and parens patriae powers in order to coerce mentally ill persons into treatment. Coercion, thus, is central to civil commitment. It also has been central in the mental health law debate over the justification of civil commitment of mentally ill patients. Civil libertarians, concerned with deprivations to free choice and movement, have argued for imposition of formal legal procedures and limitation of this coercion of mentally ill persons to those who are dangerous (La Fond & Durham, 1992; Morse, 1982; Wald & Friedman, 1978). Mental health practitioners, concerned with reducing symptoms and providing psychiatric care, have argued for minimal procedural and substantive limits on their ability to hospitalize and treat mentally disordered persons (Stone, 1975; Torrey, 1988; Treffert, 1981). Despite this debate, empirical researchers neglected development of the construct of coercion in psychiatric treatment (Hiday, 1992; Monahan et al., 1995); and only recently have they begun to lay the foundation conceptually and empirically to advance our understanding of it (Lidz & Hoge, 1993). In the substantial empirical literature on civil commitment, the existence of coercion was assumed to be inherent in the process while the focus was on other components of commitment such as characteristics of actors and rates of commitment. With few exceptions, researchers equated the legal category of involuntary patient with coercive practices.
Fracture of plain concrete under biaxial stresses

Abstract An attempt is made to explain experimental results on the behavior of plain concrete under biaxial stresses by various theories of fracture. Coulomb-Mohr and Griffith type criteria of fracture in their modified or generalized form are used and critically compared. These are the Zia's criterion, the generalized pyramidal criterion with compression cutoffs and the modified Griffith's criterion.