cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Student Groups Assimilate Despite Campus Resistance in the Early 1990s

In the early 1990s, as their status as members of a minority population was codified in many Midwestern universities, non-heterosexual students pressed for increased access to campus programs and services; campus housing and Reserve Officer Training Corps were flash points for college students influenced by ACT UP and Queer Nation. Very visible public demonstrations and protests reminiscent of those in the early 1970s, such as “kiss-ins” and marches, roiled many campuses. Non-heterosexual groups on many campuses joined with other minority student organizations to press for campuses to respond more effectively and efficiently to resolve issues affecting those populations. Campuses analyzed include Michigan State University, University of Michigan, Indiana University, Ohio State University, University of Kansas, University of Iowa, University of Minnesota, and Southern Illinois University Edwardsville.
Partially autoamputated heteropagus omphalopagus acardiac twin with accessory fetal bowel

Abstract This case report describes the management of a 27-year-old lady's partially auto-amputated heteropagus omphalopagus acardiac twin. This was a rare case that resulted in the parasitic twin's bowel being located extra-peritoneal but within the abdominal wall of the host twin.
Creative Innovation Takes a (Team Teaching) Family

Team teaching can be a valuable means of enabling cross-disciplinary collaboration, interdisciplinary study, and pedagogical innovation, but the logistical and intellectual challenges can seem too daunting to overcome. In this essay, we share the story of how four faculty members from professional writing, communications, and computing sciences developed a team teaching “family” as we imagined, created, launched, and ran an innovative experiential learning program at our university. The Design Thinking Studio in Social Innovation is a semester-long program worth four full courses of credit which brought us together with 14 intrepid students from across the university to learn and apply design thinking, Scrum project management, and social innovation theories to a large-scale civic engagement project. Here we explore the faculty lived experience during the pilot semester and how our teach teaching family was crucial to our personal and professional success in this high-stress environment. We then offer tips for creating your own team teaching “family.”
Contiguity Theory and Pied-Piping

In this article, I apply the conditions of Contiguity Theory (Richards 2016) to the problem of pied-piping. I derive the conditions on pied-piping discovered by Cable (2007, 2010a,b) and account for the connection discovered by Uribe-Etxebarria (2002) between the conditions on wh-in-situ in a given language and the conditions on pied-piping in that language. In the end, as in Cable’s approach, pied-piping dissolves as a phenomenon; the same conditions that determine when overt movement must take place also determine how much material may be pied-piped.
Do Fairer Elections Increase the Responsiveness of Politicians

Leveraging novel experimental designs and 2,160 months of Constituency Development Fund (CDF) spending by legislators in Ghana, I examine whether and how fairer elections promote democratic responsiveness. The results show that incumbents elected from constituencies that were randomly assigned to intensive election-day monitoring during Ghana’s 2012 election spent 19 percentage points more of their CDFs during their terms in office compared with those elected from constituencies with fewer monitors. Legislators from all types of constituencies are equally present in parliament, suggesting that high levels of monitoring do not cause politicians to substitute constituency service for parliamentary work. Tests of causal mechanisms provide suggestive evidence that fairer elections motivate high performance through incumbents’ expectations of electoral sanction and not the selection of better candidates. The article provides causal evidence of the impact of election integrity on democratic accountability.
Food-related health risks due to accessibility barriers

Issues with access to fresh and healthy produce can have long-lasting impacts on health, especially food-related health outcomes such as obesity and diabetes. To address these health outcomes (at l...
Depletion of resident muscle stem cells negatively impacts running volume, physical function, and muscle fiber hypertrophy in response to lifelong physical activity

To date, studies that have aimed to investigate the role of satellite cells during adult skeletal muscle adaptation and hypertrophy have utilized a nontranslational stimulus and/or have been perfor...
Validation of 4-marker protein panel for the early detection of lung cancer using PLCO samples.

9024Background: We have previously demonstrated that a protein panel consisting of ProSFTPB, CEA, CA125 and CYFRA21.1 may improve lung cancer risk assessment and has potential to define eligibility...
The History of Oil & Gas Development in the U.S.

Petroleum from natural seeps has been in use for millennia as a medicine, salve, and waterproof sealant. The discovery in the mid-nineteenth century that smoky crude oil could be refined into clean-burning kerosene for use as a lamp fuel caused the industry to blossom. Kerosene was far cheaper than the increasingly-scarce whale oil used for lamps, and soon displaced it. The first well drilled deliberately to produce oil was constructed in 1859 by Edwin Drake at Oil Creek, Pennsylvania. Drake’s success was soon imitated by others, touching off the first of many oil booms. Oil on the U.S. Gulf Coast was discovered by a mining engineer named Anthony Lucas who drilled a well in 1901 on a 12-foot (3.6 m) high hill south of Beaumont, Texas called Spindletop. The Lucas well produced oil at a rate of nearly 100,000 barrels per day, more than all of the other existing oil wells in America combined. This early well is iconic for its eruption of oil in a “gusher,” which reached a height of more than 150 feet (46 m).
HSKL: A Machine Learning Framework for Hyperspectral Image Analysis

A new framework for advanced machine learning-based analysis of hyperspectral datasets HSKL was built using the well-known package scikit-learn. In this paper, we describe HSKL’s structure and basic usage. We also showcase the diversity of models supported by the package by applying 17 classification algorithms and measure their baseline performance in segmenting objects with highly similar spectral properties.
Direct N-Glycosylation Profiling of Urine and Prostatic Fluid Glycoproteins and Extracellular Vesicles.

Expressed prostatic secretions (EPS), also called post digital rectal exam urines, are proximal fluids of the prostate that are widely used for diagnostic and prognostic assays for prostate cancer. These fluids contain an abundant number of glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles secreted by the prostate gland, and the ability to detect changes in their N-glycans composition as a reflection of disease state represents potential new biomarker candidates. Methods to characterize these N-glycan constituents directly from clinical samples in a timely manner and with minimal sample processing requirements are not currently available. In this report, an approach is described to directly profile the N-glycan constituents of EPS urine samples, prostatic fluids and urine using imaging mass spectrometry for detection. An amine reactive slide is used to immobilize glycoproteins from a few microliters of spotted samples, followed by peptide N-glycosidase digestion. Over 100 N-glycan compositions can be detected with this method, and it works with urine, urine EPS, prostatic fluids, and urine EPS-derived extracellular vesicles. A comparison of the N-glycans detected from the fluids with tissue N-glycans from prostate cancer tissues was done, indicating a subset of N-glycans present in fluids derived from the gland lumens. The developed N-glycan profiling is amenable to analysis of larger clinical cohorts and adaptable to other biofluids.
Synthesis of Organic Acids and Modification of Steroids by Immobilized Whole Microbial Cells

As part of our continued efforts to develop a technology based on collagen immobilized enzymes and whole microbial cells, we have investigated a number of reaction schemes catalyzed by collagen-whole cell complexes. We initiated our studies on immobilized whole cell systems with simple systems such as glucose isomerization which involve only a single enzymatic reaction. The encouraging results obtained in this case (production of high fructose syrup by immobilized Streptomyces venezuelae) (1,2) prompted us to examine other systems listed in Table 1.
Privacy of Facial Soft Biometrics: Suppressing Gender But Retaining Identity

We consider the problem of perturbing a face image in such a way that it cannot be used to ascertain soft biometric attributes such as age, gender and race, but can be used for automatic face recognition. Such an exercise is useful for extending different levels of privacy to a face image in a central database. In this work, we focus on masking the gender information in a face image with respect to an automated gender estimation scheme, while retaining its ability to be used by a face matcher. To facilitate this privacy-enhancing technique, the input face image is combined with another face image via a morphing scheme resulting in a mixed image. The mixing process can be used to progressively modify the input image such that its gender information is progressively suppressed; however, the modified images can still be used for recognition purposes if necessary. Preliminary experiments on the MUCT database suggest the potential of the scheme in imparting “differential privacy” to face images.
Welcoming Feedback II

Teaching is a very personal endeavor. Receiving feedback on anything so intimate can be scary. In order for this feedback to be productive and helpful, then, you must manage the process actively. As we discussed in the last essay, feedback can come from several different groups of stakeholders: students themselves, parents, colleagues, and supervisors.
Spatiotemporal sensitivity following lesions of area 18 in the cat.

The contribution of cat area 18 to spatiotemporal sensitivity and to motion processing was assessed in cats with unilateral ibotenic acid lesions placed in physiologically identified portions of area 18. The lesions were centered in the representation of the lower right visual field, about 10 degrees from the vertical meridian. In one of the animals, the lesion invaded a small portion of area 19. We measured detectability of various spatiotemporal stimuli placed within the lesioned and intact portions of the visual field, while monitoring eye position with a scleral search coil. We found a loss of sensitivity to gratings of low and intermediate spatial frequency, within the ablated portion of the visual field. The sensitivity loss was 0.6–1.0 log units at low and intermediate spatial frequencies, and decreased at higher frequencies with the resolution limits remaining intact. The loss extended over a range of temporal frequencies for both drifting gratings and grating modulated in counterphase. We also found that within the lesioned hemifield, the cats were unable to discriminate between rightward and leftward motion even at the highest contrasts. These results demonstrate that area 18 plays an important role in detecting drifting low- and intermediate-spatial-frequency targets and is likely to represent a critical stage in the cortical processing of motion signals.
Certification of Distributed Algorithms Solving Problems with Optimal Substructure

We report work-in-progress on applying the concept of a certifying algorithm to distributed algorithms. A certifying algorithm produces not only a result, but also a witness that verifies the result’s correctness. Certifying variants of numerous (sequential) algorithms have been developed. However, distributed algorithms behave differently from sequential algorithms. Consequently, it is challenging to make them certifying. Our local approach is to make the distributed algorithm compute many local witnesses that together verify the result’s correctness. We identified problems for which this approach is applicable. Particularly, we hypothesize that for problems with optimal substructure (i.e., an optimal solution can be constructed from optimal solutions of its subproblems) it is often easy to apply the local approach. As an example, we give a certifying distributed algorithm for the shortest path problem.
Diabetes screening at the periodontal visit: patient and provider experiences with two screening approaches

To cite this article: Int J Dent Hygiene10, 2012; 250–258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2011.00542.x Rosedale MT, Strauss SM. Diabetes screening at the periodontal visit: patient and provider experiences with two screening approaches. Abstract: Objectives: This study examined patient and dental provider experiences during the periodontal visit of diabetes screening approaches involving the collection of gingival crevicular blood (GCB) and finger stick blood (FSB) for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing. Methods: At a large, urban, US periodontics and implant clinic, FSB samples from 120 patients and GCB samples from 102 of these patients were collected on special blood collection cards and sent to a laboratory for HbA1c testing, with test results sent to the patients from the laboratory. Quantitative and qualitative data from patients and qualitative data from providers were collected and analysed. Results: Quantitative and qualitative data support the feasibility and acceptability of the approaches described. Themes that arose from the interviews with providers and patients include ‘a good chance to check’, ‘patient choice’, ‘FSB versus GCB testing’ and ‘a new way of interacting and viewing the dental visit’. Conclusions: Periodontal patients and dental providers believe that the dental visit is an opportune site for diabetes screening and generally prefer GCB to FSB collection. HbA1c testing is well tolerated, convenient and acceptable to patients, and GCB testing reduces time and liability obstacles for dental providers to conduct diabetes screening.
Moment tensor inversion of microseismic events from hydrofractures

We are applying moment-tensor inversion to microseismic events emanating from hydrofractures to learn what information can be obtained from limited-view receiver geometries (for example, single boreholes, few instruments, etc.). Our first dataset is from the GRI/DOE M-Site near Rifle, Colorado. The receiver geometry is a single borehole with a string of 17 3-component accelerometer pods spaced 30 feet (10 m) apart and spanning the depth range of 4280 to 4760 feet (1305–1450 m). The hydrofracture occurred in well located about 300 feet (100 m) away and produced microseismic events within the depth range of 4400 to 4600 feet (1340–1400 m). The accelerograms clearly record P and S waves, which can be reliably rotated into the SV and SH components for many traces. Several of the microseismic events produce relatively simple pulses of both P and S waves. We target these events in our initial investigation.
Natural interaction with culturally adaptive virtual characters

Recently, the verbal and non-verbal behavior of virtual characters has become more and more sophisticated due to advances in behavior planning and rendering. Nevertheless, the appearance and behavior of these characters is in most cases based on the cultural background of their designers. Especially in combination with new natural interaction interfaces, there is the risk that characters developed for a particular culture might not find acceptance when being presented to another culture. A few attempts have been made to create characters that reflect a particular cultural background. However, interaction with these characters still remains an awkward experience in particular when it comes to non-verbal interaction. In many cases, human users either have to choose actions from a menu their avatar has to execute or they have to struggle with obtrusive interaction devices. In contrast, our paper combines an approach to the generation of culture-specific behaviors with full body avatar control based on the Kinect sensor. A first study revealed that users are able to easily control an avatar through their body movements and immediately adapt its behavior to the cultural background of the agents they interact with.
Grid-scale energy storage applications in renewable energy integration: A survey

Abstract This paper examines both the potential of and barriers to grid-scale energy storage playing a substantive role in transitioning to an efficient, reliable and cost-effective power system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Grid-scale storage is a term that describes a number of different technologies with a wide range of characteristics. This versatility leads to the use of storage to perform a number of grid-services. We first enumerate these services, with an emphasize on those that are best suited to mitigate the effects of uncertainty and variability associated with intermittent, non-dispatchable renewable energy sources. We then provide an overview of the current methods to evaluate grid-integrated storage, summarize key findings, and highlight ongoing challenges to large-scale adoption of grid-scale energy storage. We focus on one particular area that is critical to both the efficient use of energy storage in the power grid and its long-term economic viability: the conflict between the technical benefits of this resource, which can provide both power and energy related grid-services (in some cases simultaneously), and the economic challenges of compensating these services within the current market structures. We then examine recent progress in addressing these issues through regulatory changes and other initiatives designed to mitigate previous market failures. This discussion is followed by some remarks about ongoing regulatory and market design challenges. The paper closes with a summary of the ideas presented and a discussion of critical research needs.
SU‐GG‐T‐505: Second Cancer Risks Following Proton Therapy and Intensity Modulated X‐Ray Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose: To assess the risk of second cancers from proton therapy for a typical prostate patient relative to 6‐MV IMXT, taking into account contributions from both primary and secondary (i.e., scatter and leakage) sources of radiation.Method and Materials: A 250‐MeV proton plan and a 6‐MV IMXT plan were constructed for a typical prostate patient using a commercial treatment planning system. Doses from the primary fields delivered to organs at risk of a developing a second cancer were taken from dose‐volume histograms provided by the planning system. Secondary doses from the proton plan were determined in a computerized anthropomorphic phantom using a detailed Monte Carlo model of the double‐scattering beamline at the M. D. Anderson Proton Therapy Center. Secondary doses from IMXT of the prostate were determined from published thermoluminescent detector measurements in an anthropomorphic phantom. Second cancer risks were estimated from primary and secondary doses on an organ‐by‐organ basis using modified risk coefficients from Report 116 of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Results:Proton therapyreduced risk of a second cancer by 17% compared to IMXT. This reduction was attributed the substantial reduction of dose to the rectum and bladder provided by the proton plan. Secondary doses from proton therapy were smaller than IMXT near the field, but larger far from the field. Much of the risk for both modalities emanated from the in‐field organs, i.e., the rectum and bladder. However, the risks from the in‐field organs were considerably lower from the proton plan (0.98%) compared to the IMXT plan (1.40%). The risks from secondary doses to out‐of‐field organs were similar for both plans (1.05% and 1.04% for the proton and IMXT plans, respectively). Conclusion: When considering primary and secondary doses,proton therapy can reduce the incidence of radiation‐induced cancers in prostate patients compared to contemporary IMXT.
The importance of record length in estimating the magnitude of climatic changes: an example using 175 years of lake ice-out dates in New England

Many studies have shown that lake ice-out (break-up) dates in the Northern Hemisphere are useful indicators of late winter/early spring climate change. Trends in lake ice-out dates in New England, USA, were analyzed for 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 year periods ending in 2008. More than 100 years of ice-out data were available for 19 of the 28 lakes in this study. The magnitude of trends over time depends on the length of the period considered. For the recent 25-year period, there was a mix of earlier and later ice-out dates. Lake ice-outs during the last 50 years became earlier by 1.8 days/decade (median change for all lakes with adequate data). This is a much higher rate than for longer historical periods; ice-outs became earlier by 0.6 days/decade during the last 75 years, 0.4 days/decade during the last 100 years, and 0.6 days/decade during the last 125 years. The significance of trends was assessed under the assumption of serial independence of historical ice-out dates and under the assumption of short and long term persistence. Hypolimnion dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are an important factor in lake eutrophication and coldwater fish survival. Based on historical data available at three lakes, 32 to 46 % of the interannual variability of late summer hypolimnion DO levels was related to ice-out dates; earlier ice-outs were associated with lower DO levels.
Rapid testing for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: implications for antimicrobial stewardship.

Purpose Assays for the rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection are reviewed, with a discussion of their potential role in antimicrobial stewardship programs. Summary Relative to standard culture and susceptibility testing methods, rapid MRSA assays developed during the last decade can dramatically shorten laboratory turnaround times (1–5 hours versus 48–96 hours), enabling clinicians to more quickly confirm or rule out MRSA infection and optimize antistaphylococcal therapy. Some rapid MRSA assays are based on polymerase chain reaction techniques while others use bacteriophage technology; four companies offer products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for testing certain clinical specimens. In general, the currently available rapid MRSA tests have been demonstrated to have good sensitivity (91–100%) and specificity (95–100%), but one test product with marginally acceptable sensitivity (75%) was withdrawn from the U.S. market after reports of unacceptably high rates of false-positive and false-negative results. There is limited published evidence on the impact of any rapid MRSA assay on patient-level outcome and cost-effectiveness measures. Hospitals evaluating rapid MRSA tests should weigh factors such as their relative costs, reliability, and sample-processing times, as well as the need for policies and processes to ensure the prompt communication of test results to clinicians. Conclusion Currently available rapid MRSA assays differ in specificity, sensitivity, cost, FDA-approved applications, and laboratory turnaround time, and published data on their comparative merits in terms of patient care and economic outcomes are limited. The optimal role of such tests in antimicrobial stewardship programs remains to be defined. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2013; 70:335–42
Pheromones Elicit Equivalent Levels of Fos-Immunoreactivity in Prepubertal and Adult Male Syrian Hamsters ☆

Male reproductive behavior in the Syrian hamster is dependent on both pheromones from the female and the presence of gonadal steroid hormones. The pheromones are contained within female hamster vaginal secretions (FHVS) and stimulate anogenital investigation and mounting by the male. Administration of testosterone to castrated male hamsters facilitates anogenital investigation, mounts, and intromissions in adults, but elicits only anogenital investigation in prepubertal males. One hypothesis for why the full complement of reproductive behaviors is not activated by testosterone in prepubertal males is that the neural processing of pheromonal cues encountered during anogenital investigation is different in juveniles and adults. In the present experiment, we investigated the influence of sexual maturity on Fos expression in response to FHVS in the male Syrian hamster. We predicted a greater increase in Fos-immunoreactivity after exposure to FHVS within the neural circuit mediating male reproductive behaviors in adult compared to prepubertal males. Intact adult and prepubertal males were exposed to either a clean cotton swab or a swab containing FHVS. We found that, compared to animals exposed to a clean cotton swab, both prepubertal and adult males exposed to FHVS have a greater amount of Fos-immunoreactivity within several brain nuclei comprising the neural circuit mediating male reproductive behavior. Furthermore, this Fos response was equivalent in the two age groups. These results suggest that the inability of the prepubertal male hamster to perform the full repertoire of male reproductive behaviors is not due to a lack of a neuronal activation in response to the pheromonal cues present in FHVS.
Water mass components of the North Atlantic deep western boundary current

Abstract Four hydrographic sections across the North Atlantic deep western boundary current from 55°W to 70°W are analysed to distinguish the current's different water mass components. The deepest component is the Norwegian-Greenland overflow water (2–3°C) which is characterized most readily by a core of high oxygen, tritium, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and low silicate anomaly. The above lying Labrador Sea Water (3–4°C) is distinguishable at this latitude only by its core of low potential vorticity. The shallowest component of the boundary current (4–5°C) is revealed by a core of high tritium, CFCs and low anomaly nut has no corresponding oxygen signal because of its proximity to the pronounced oxygen minimum layer. A careful analysis of the shallow water mass reveals that it is not dense enough to be formed in the central Labrador Sea even during warm winters. Rather, based on historical hydrography its area of formation is the southern Labrador Sea inshore of the North Atlantic current where surface layer salinities are particularly low. A simple scale analysis shows that lateral mixing with the adjacent North Atlantic current can increase the salinity of this component to the values observed in the mid-latitude data set.
Ultraviolet absorption studies on tobacco mosaic virus nucleic acid.

Abstract The effect of alkali, leaf ribonuclease and pancreatic ribonuclease on the changes in absorption of TMV-NA and its core was studied. It was found that alkali and leaf ribunuclease brought about increase in absorption ranging from 32 to 37%, while the pancreatic ribonuclease brought about a 15% increment. The increase in the absorption obtained following the treatment of the core with ribonuclease or N NaOH accounts for about 60% of the total increment brought about by the action of N NaOH or leaf ribonuclease on the intact TMV-NA. It was concluded that the polypurine nucleotide segments of TMV-NA are responsible for the major increase.
In vivo and in vitro formation and dissociation of HLA-DR complexes with invariant chain-derived peptides.

Summary HLA-DR molecules associated with class II—associated invariant chain peptides (CLIP) are generated in vivo as an intermediate in class II maturation. Such complexes can be produced in vitro by proteolytic digestion of DR αβ1 complexes, suggesting that CLIP is a residual fragment that remains associated with class II molecules following I chain degradation. In vitro, CLIP dissociation from DR αβ dimers occurs at different rates depending on the allele, and is facilitated by low pH and by detergents containing 8–10 carbon unbranched hydrocarbons, or by primary allphatic amines or carboxylic acids. The accumulation of DR αβCLIP complexes in HLA-DM-negative antigen-processing mutant cells argues that a functionally similar mechanism, dependent on HLA-DM expression, catalyzes in vivo CLIP dissociation and generation of normal class II—peptide complexes.
Moyamoya disease: A summary

Moyamoya, meaning a "hazy puff of smoke" in Japanese, is a chronic, occlusive cerebrovascular disease involving bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and/or the proximal portions of the anterior cerebral arteries and middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan has defined 4 types of moyamoya disease (MMD): ischemic, hemorrhagic, epileptic, and "other." The ischemic type has been shown to predominate in childhood, while the hemorrhagic type is more often observed in the adult population. The highest prevalence of MMD is found in Japan, with a higher female to male ratio. Studies have shown a possible genetic association of MMD linked to chromosome 17 in Japanese cases as well as in cases found in other demographics. During autopsy, intracerebral hematoma is found and most commonly serves as the major cause of death in patients with MMD. Moyamoya vessels at the base of the brain are composed of medium-sized or small muscular arteries emanating from the circle of Willis, mainly the intracranial portions of ICAs, anterior choroidal arteries, and posterior cerebral arteries, forming complex channels that connect with distal positions of the MCAs. Off of these channels are small tortuous and dilated vessels that penetrate into the base of the brain at the site of the thalamoperforate and lenticulostriate arteries. On angiography, there is the characteristic stenosis or occlusion bilaterally at the terminal portion of the ICAs as well as the moyamoya vessels at the base of the brain. Six angiographic stages have been described, from Stage 1, which reveals a narrowing of the carotid forks, to Stage 6, in which the moyamoya vessels disappear and collateral circulation is produced solely from the external carotid arteries. Cases with milder symptoms are usually treated conservatively; however, more severe symptomatic cases are treated using revascularization procedures. Surgical treatments are divided into 3 types: direct, indirect, and combined/other methods. Direct bypass includes superficial temporal artery-MCA bypass or use of other graft types. Indirect procedures bring in circulation to the intracranial regions by introducing newly developed vasculature from newly approximated tissues. These procedures may not be enough to prevent further ischemia; therefore, a combination of direct and indirect procedures is more suitable. This article will give a review of the epidemiology, natural history, pathology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria, including imaging, and briefly describe the surgical treatment of MMD.
What factors contribute to the duration of strikes by public employees

Previous research on United States public employee strikes has considered the occurrence and breadth of strikes, but seldom duration, as dimensions of the strike which merit examination. This study considers a much neglected dimension of strikes, duration, which is particularly important to public administrators and unions who become actively involved with resolving such disputes. Factors which theoretically were expected to be associated with the duration of public employee strikes--the economic expectations of the striking workers, various characteristics of the bargaining environment, and the fiscal condition of the jurisdiction taking the strike-—were identified and considered. Results indicated that one factor in particular, the fiscal constraints of the jurisdiction taking the strike, was significantly associated with longer strikes, indicating that public employee unions may not necessarily be deterred from engaging in protracted strikes because of a precarious fiscal climate.
Applications of social cognitive theory to the career development of women of color

Abstract This article provides a review of the literature on the educational and career development of women of color within the context of social cognitive career theory ( Lent, et al, 1994 , Lent, et al, 1996 ). Specifically, possible gender, ethnic, racial, and cultural influences on career self-efficacy and outcome expectations are explored to delinate the potential mechanisms whereby ethnicity, culture, and ethnic and racial identity development, in interaction with gender, affect career choice and adjustment. Suggestions for future research on social cognitive career theory and the career development of women of color are presented.
Activation sequence at the onset of arrhythmias induced by localized myocardial warming and programmed premature stimulation in dogs

The effect of localized shortening of ventricular repolarization on arrhythmia vulnerability was studied in 10 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. An area of the anterior right ventricle was warmed by directing a light beam through a condenser lens assembly and a rectangular aperture. Arrhythmia vulnerability was assessed with low-amplitude programmed stimulation. Activation sequence maps were constructed from electrograms recorded simultaneously from 40 epicardial sites and 24 endocardial sites in and surrounding the warmed area. Recordings were taken during regular atrial and ventricular drives and during programmed stimulation in control periods and during myocardial warming. Spontaneous activity could not be induced with low-amplitude programmed stimulation during control periods in any dog. During myocardial warming arrhythmias were induced in every dog. Most induced arrhythmias had features consistent with local reentry. However, activation sequence at the onset of some arrhythmias strongly resembled that of superventricular activation and was consistent with reentry involving the His-Purkinje system. The findings provide evidence that a localized area with short ventricular repolarization is an abnormality sufficient to increase arrhythmia vulnerability and also that even in this relatively simple setting there can be multiple mechanisms for arrhythmias.
Readers’ Perceptions of Philanthropy and Nonprofit Management Journals

This article describes the results of a survey conducted via e-mail of readers of the three leading generalist, peerreviewed scholarly journals in the field of nonprofit sector studies:Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, andVoluntas. The composition of the sample of respondents suggests that the readers of the journals include a substantial number of people relatively new to the field. Most identify themselves as academic researchers, although a significant minority represents practitioners or consultants. Results show that readers are generally pleased with the journals, giving them relatively high ratings on the quality of articles, readability of the research, and accessibility of the methodology. The results also show that consistent with their editorial missions, the three journals serve somewhat distinct niches and that the increased supply of journals has helped the field to grow.
Pericranial flap for closure of paramedian anterior skull base defects

Abstract Objective: We sought to examine the position of a pericranial flap reconstruction of anterior skull base defects with respect to the original floor of the anterior cranial fossa. Study design: A retrospective chart and radiology review of 17 patients (1993-2001) with pericranial flap reconstruction for anterior skull base defects and 17 controls was performed. Results: At 6 or more months after surgery, the new positions of the pericranial flaps ranged from 5 mm above to 11.3 mm below the positions of the original cribriform plates. There were no complications related to the pericranial flaps such as hemorrhage, flap loss, or brain herniation except for 2 (11.8%) cerebrospinal fluid leaks, 1 of which required operative correction. Conclusion: Pericranial flap reconstruction is a reliable method with low morbidity for closure of the most common skull base defect from the craniofacial resection that entails removal—unilateral or bilateral—of the fovea ethmoidalis, cribriform plate, and/or superior septum. This flap creates a watertight seal between the extradural space and the nasal cavity, prevents clinically significant brain herniation, and is associated with a low rate of cerebrospinal fluid leakage even without postoperative lumbar subarachnoid drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002; 127:494-500.)
Studying Forgiveness Among Older Whites, Older Blacks, and Older Mexican Americans

The purpose of this study is to assess race and ethnic differences in forgiveness among older whites, older blacks, and older Mexican Americans. The data suggest that older whites are less likely than older blacks or older Mexican Americans to forgive themselves, to forgive others, and to believe they have been forgiven by God. In addition, older whites are less likely to expect that acts of contrition should be performed and they are less likely to initiate the process of reconciliation. In contrast, fewer differences are found among older blacks and older Mexican Americans.
On model constants and second order closure for curved shear flows

The pressure-strain correlation model of Hanjalic and Launder is extended to rotating curved shear flows. Stationary plane flow data together with the requirement that the critical Richardson number should be predicted correctly are used to determine the model constants. The value of the constants are found to be the same as those determined by Hanjalic and Launder through computer optimization. It is also found that the pressure-strain correlation model of Hanjalic and Launder has negligible effects on the shear stress relation for curved shear flows compared to the simple “return to isotropy” model of Rotta. In view of this, significant improvement on second order closure of the mean flow equations for curved shear flows cannot be obtained by improving the simple Rotta model.
EuroSCORE predicts short- and mid-term mortality in combined aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass patients

Background and Aim of the Study: European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) has been studied for its effectiveness in predicting operative mortality, and more recently, long-term mortality in a wide variety of cardiac surgical procedures. Combined coronary artery bypass and aortic valve replacement (AVR-CABG) carries increased perioperative risk, and tends to have higher-risk patients. Performance of the EuroSCORE system in patients undergoing concomitant AVR-CABG has not been well established. Thus, we aimed to analyze the accuracy of both additive and logistic EuroSCOREs in predicting operative and mid-term mortality. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and calculated EuroSCOREs for all patients who underwent AVR-CABG between January 2000 and December 2004. Pa- tients who had previous cardiac surgery and those undergoing any concomitant procedures were excluded. Areas under the receiver operator curves (ROC) were determined to assess EuroSCORE's accuracy in pre- dicting operative mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to determine mid-term survival, freedom from repeat revascularization, and predictors of these outcomes. Results: There were 233 patients who met study criteria. Mean follow-up period was 2.2 ± 1.7 years with one patient lost to follow- up. Mean additive and logistic EuroSCOREs were 8.77 and 16.1, respectively, with an observed mortality of 9.44%. The area under the ROC curves for additive EuroSCORE was 0.76 and for logistic EuroSCORE was 0.75. Regression analysis revealed additive EuroSCORE, but not logistic EuroSCORE, to be predictive of mid-term mortality. Conclusions: Both additive and logistic EuroSCOREs were accurate in predicting operative morality. Only additive EuroSCORE was predictive of mid-term mortality in AVR-CABG patients. EuroSCORE remains a good and well-validated risk stratification model applicable to patients who undergo
Linear Complexity Context-Free Parsing Pipelines via Chart Constraints

In this paper, we extend methods from Roark and Hollingshead (2008) for reducing the worst-case complexity of a context-free parsing pipeline via hard constraints derived from finite-state tagging pre-processing. Methods from our previous paper achieved quadratic worst-case complexity. We prove here that alternate methods for choosing constraints can achieve either linear or O(Nlog2N) complexity. These worst-case bounds on processing are demonstrated to be achieved without reducing the parsing accuracy, in fact in some cases improving the accuracy. The new methods achieve observed performance comparable to the previously published quadratic complexity method. Finally, we demonstrate improved performance by combining complexity bounding methods with additional high precision constraints.
Generalized lentigo: Electrocardiographic abnormalities, conduction disorders and arrhythmias in three cases

Abstract The puzzling electrocardiographic abnormalities in generalized lentigo have been the subject of recent reports. We have studied 3 patients with generalized lentigo and conduction abnormalities and submit that many of the electrocardiographic patterns in this syndrome are due to left hemiblock and combinations of bundle branch block. One patient has complete heart block, and a second has manifested progression of bundle branch block, thus indicating that the conduction abnormalities in lentigo may be of serious import.
Editors’ Introduction to “European Perspectives on the New Comparative Theology”

This thematic issue of Religions, “European Perspectives on the New Comparative Theology,” asks how comparative theology—an old discipline that has been infused with new energy in recent decades and merited new attention—has been received, understood, and critiqued among theologians and scholars of religions in Europe today. How does comparative theology look in light of current understandings of theology, the study of religions, and comparative studies, and the politics of learning in the churches today? [...]
Morphologic Abnormalities in Human Infant Cerebral White Matter Related to Gestational and Postnatal Age

Morphologic Abnormalities in Human Infant Cerebral White Matter Related to Gestational and Postnatal Age
How to make requests that overcome obstacles to compliance

Abstract Speakers who request information from others often face potential obstacles to getting that information. Their addressees may not know the information, may be unwilling to give it, or may not remember it. In three experiments we show that speakers estimate the greatest potential obstacle to compliance and try to overcome it through their choice of indirect, or conditional, request. If speakers thought addressees might not remember the time of a concert, they could make their request conditional on the addressees' remembering the time and choose Do you remember what time the concert begins tonight?, meaning “Do you remember what time the concert begins, and if you do, please tell me.” In selecting their request, speakers in most situations try to pinpoint the obstacle as specifically as they can.
Can one predict when ultrasound will be useful with percutaneous liver biopsy

OBJECTIVE: We previously showed that ultrasound altered position of biopsy in 15% of cases by demonstrating intervening structures. This study was designed to test whether one could predict in which cases ultrasound would be useful. METHODS: A standard percussion technique was used. The site chosen was marked. Criteria were established to indicate whether a move might be predicted to be likely. If 10 or more points were assigned, then it was predicted that ultrasound would change position. A difficult percussion was assigned 10 points; obesity, 5 points; and chest deformity, 5 points. The ultrasound was then applied to the marked spot in every case. If an intervening structure was present within 6 cm, the biopsy site was moved. Otherwise, the biopsy was taken from the marked site. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen consecutive liver biopsies were included between January 1999 and January 2000. The criteria predicted the desirability of nine moves. No moves were made, however, in these cases. In 17 cases (14.5%), moves were made because of intervening structures. None of the cases were predicted. A move was made in 1 of 23 obese patients. There was no statistical difference in moves made between obese and nonobese patients. CONCLUSIONS: Using criteria of difficult percussion, obesity, and unusual chest shape, we could not predict when ultrasound would be useful. This is in contrast to the belief that ultrasound can be applied to selected liver biopsies considered in advance to be more difficult, as in the obese patients, and instead suggests that to avoid intervening structures, one should apply ultrasound to all cases.
A class of exactly solvable potentials II. The three-dimensional Schrödinger equation

Abstract The three-dimensional Schrodinger equation with an effective mass is solved for a new class of angular momentum dependent potentials with varying depths and shapes. The energy eigen, values and resonances are given in algebraic form as a function of the effective mass and depth and shape of the potential. The eigenfunctions, scattering function, and Green's function are given in closed form in terms of known special functions. The charge density of 208Pb is calculated using eigenfunctions of a particular potential and this charge density is compared to the measured charge density.
Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: the importance of this emerging stage of disease.

Background Patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) include those with localized disease who have tumor or patient characteristics that preclude immediate surgery. There is no optimal treatment schema for this distinct stage of disease, so the role of surgery is undefined. Study Design We defined patients with borderline resectable PA as fitting into one of three distinct groups. Group A comprised patients with tumor abutment of the visceral arteries or short-segment occlusion of the Superior Mesenteric Vein. In group B, patients had findings suggestive but not diagnostic of metastasis. Group C patients were of marginal performance status. Patients were treated initially with chemotherapy, chemoradiation, or both; those of sufficient performance status who completed preoperative therapy without disease progression were considered for surgery. Results Between October 1999 and August 2006, 160 (7%) of 2,454 patients with PA were classified as borderline resectable. Of these, 125 (78%) completed preoperative therapy and restaging, and 66 (41%) underwent pancreatectomy. Vascular resection was required in 18 (27%) of 66 patients, and 62 (94%) underwent a margin-negative pancreatectomy. A partial pathologic response to induction therapy ( Conclusions This is the first large report of borderline resectable PA and includes objective definitions for this stage of disease. Our neoadjuvant approach allowed for identification of the marked subset of patients that was most likely to benefit from surgery, as evidenced by the favorable median survival in this group.
The relation of blood hemoglobin concentration to body size in the toad Bufo boreas

Abstract 1. 1. The concentration of hemoglobin in blood of boreal toads is positively correlated with body weight. 2. 2. However, blood hemoglobin concentration does not increase proportion- ately with body weight; and, consequently, the ratio of hemoglobin to body weight (Hb/g) is inversely related to body size. 3. 3. In anurans, weight-related variations in blood hemoglobin concentration and in the hemoglobin-to-body weight ratio probably are the underlying basis, respectively, for weight-related variations in blood oxygen capacity and in the ratio of blood oxygen capacity to body weight.