cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Haptic-induced postoperative complications. Evaluation using ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Abstract Objective Evaluation of haptic-induced postoperative complications with single-piece intraocular lenses (IOLs) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Design A retrospective case series. Participants We looked at 5 pseudophakic eyes with noninfectious postoperative complications, after undergoing phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intracapsular IOL placement. Methods A review of clinical findings as well as UBM measurements looking at the distance of the IOL from the posterior surface of the pupil on each side of the lens. Results In all cases, UBM revealed malposition of the IOL, confirming IOL tilting and haptic displacement outside of the capsular bag. Conclusions UBM is a useful tool for early diagnosis of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome because it enables visualization of the exact position of the IOL in vivo. In such cases, localization of the lens and haptics are essential in devising treatment strategies, such as repositioning of the haptics, haptic amputation, or removal of the IOL.
Neuropathology-based risk scoring for dementia diagnosis in the elderly.

Current neuropathologic consensus criteria for diagnosis of dementia yield a classification of processes that likely contributed to dementia in that individual. While dementia diagnosis currently relies on clinical criteria, practicing neuropathologists and researchers might benefit from a simple, accurate risk scoring protocol for the neuropathologic diagnosis of dementia. Using 232 consecutive autopsies from the population-based Adult Changes in Thought study, we developed two logistic regression-based risk scoring systems; one solely using neuropathologic measures and a second additionally including demographic information. Inverse-probability weighting was used to adjust for inherent selection bias in autopsy-based studies of dementing illnesses. Both systems displayed high levels of predictive accuracy; bias-adjusted area-under-the-curve statistics were 0.78 (95% CI 0.71, 0.85) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.83, 0.92), indicating improved performance with the inclusion of demographic characteristics, specifically age and birth cohort information. Application of the combined neuropathlogy/demographic model yielded bias-adjusted sensitivity and specificity of 81% each. In contrast, application of NIA-Reagan criteria yielded sensitivity and specificity of 53% and 84%. Our proposed scoring systems provide neuropathologists with tools to make a diagnosis, and interpret their diagnosis in the light of known sensitivity and specificity estimates. Evaluation in independent samples will be important to verify our findings.
Composition dependence of the magnetomechanical effect and magnetostriction

Magnetomechanical and magnetostriction measurements were performed on a series of plain carbon steels, with carbon contents ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 wt.%. The microstructures in all specimens were similar, being a mixture of ferrite and pearlite, with the pearlite volume fraction increasing with increasing carbon. The magnetomechanical effect was found to vary with carbon content. Specifically, the change in magnetization with stress was proportional to the remanent magnetization for a given carbon level. Also, the sign of the magnetization change upon removal of compressive stress reversed at 0.6 wt.% carbon. The results were explained by the increased number of domain wall pinning sites produced by the increase in carbon content.
On-chip high power porous silicon lithium ion batteries with stable capacity over 10 000 cycles

We demonstrate the operation of a graphene-passivated on-chip porous silicon material as a high rate lithium battery anode with over 50X power density, and 100X energy density improvement compared to identically prepared on-chip supercapacitors. We demonstrate this Faradaic storage behavior to occur at fast charging rates (1–10 mA cm−2) where lithium locally intercalates into the nanoporous silicon, preventing the degradation and poor cycling performance attributed to deep storage in the bulk silicon. This device exhibits cycling performance that exceeds 10 000 cycles with capacity above 0.1 mA h cm−2 without notable capacity fade. This demonstrates a practical route toward high power, high energy, and long lifetime all-silicon on-chip storage systems relevant toward integration into electronics, photovoltaics, and other silicon-based platforms.
The Effect of Frequency of Input‐Enhancements on Word Learning and Text Comprehension

Research on second language lexical development during reading has found positive effects for word frequency, the provision of glosses, and elaborative word processing. However, findings have been inconclusive regarding the effect of such intervention tasks on long-term retention. Likewise, few studies have looked at the cumulative effect of interventions on word learning or text comprehension. This investigation sought to assess the effect of increased frequency of target words (TWs) comparing lexical gain of words that occurred once (F1) or four times (F4) in the input passage. The study further investigated the combined effect of frequency (F4) and semantic or visual enhancements. It compared the following reading conditions: (a) TWs were glossed four times in the text (four-gloss: 4G); (b) TWs were first glossed, then retrieved in the first language, and bolded twice (gloss-retrieval: GR); and (c) TWs were first glossed and then bolded three times (gloss-bolding: GB). In addition, the study assessed the effect of these interventions on long-term retention (4–6 weeks) of lexical knowledge and on text comprehension. Findings revealed that the GR and 4G reading conditions resulted in more productive word gain than the GB condition or when readers encountered a TW only once. Repeated visual enhancements seemed to have no effect on strengthening word encoding. The comprehension of main ideas was highest when the TW was glossed four times followed by the gloss-bolding reading condition and the gloss-retrieval task.
Evidence for Eolian Origin of Cross-Stratification in Sandstone of the Casper Formation, Southernmost Laramie Basin, Wyoming

The Casper Formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age in the southernmost Laramie Basin contains large trough cross-stratification for which both eolian and subaqueous origins have been proposed. To determine which is the most reasonable interpretation of origin, information concerning depositional processes was obtained from a study of associated sedimentary structures and settling velocities of light and heavy minerals. Two important characteristics of sandstone units in the Casper Formation strongly suggest an eolian origin: (1) The cross-stratified units typically contain low-crested, locally truncated ripple marks that nearly everywhere are oriented with their crests parallel to the dip of the cross-strata, and (2) there are evenly spaced lag grains along bedding surfaces. Other characteristics of the sandstone units are compatible with an eolian environment, although their origin is more ambiguous. For example, low-dipping cross-strata, often cited as evidence against an eolian origin, are similar to the internal stratification of eolian dunes where moisture prohibits development of large avalanche faces. Moreover, large-scale contemporaneous deformation of sand, although commonly attributed to subaqueous gliding, probably requires more cohesion than would be present in saturated subaqueous sand. Moist eolian conditions may provide this cohesion. Finally, settling velocities of associated light and heavy minerals indicate deposition from eolian suspension. Therefore, I conclude that sandstone units in the Casper Formation of the southernmost Laramie Basin were deposited as a coastal dune field that bordered the ancestral Front Range uplift and migrated laterally in response to a fluctuating sea level.
LARVAL SURVEY OF TIRE-BREEDING MOSQUITOES IN ALABAMA

A state-wide survey of tire-breeding mosquitoes in Alabama was conducted in 2004 and 2005. Tire sites in all 67 counties in the state of Alabama were sampled for mosquito larvae. A total of 13,022 mosquito larvae, representing 12 species in 7 genera, was collected. The most frequently collected species were Aedes albopictus (70.4%), Culex territans (8.0%), and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (7.1%). The following species were also collected: Cx. restuans (6.0%), Cx. salinarius (2.7%), Orthopodomyia signifera (2.4%), and Cx. quinquefasciatus (1.4%). Ochlerotatus atropalpus, Toxorhynchites rutilus, Anopheles punctipennis, An. quadrimaculatus, and Psorophora columbiae each represented <1.0% of the total larval collections. No Ae. aegypti or Oc. japonicus were collected from tires during this survey. The first known collection of Ps. columbiae breeding in water-filled tires is reported.
High-grade pelvic osteosarcoma with intravascular extension to the right side of the heart: A case report and review of the literature

We describe a rare case of high-grade osteosarcoma with intravascular extension to the right atrium and right ventricle in a 23-year-old woman. Osteosarcomas rarely metastasize to the heart, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature thus far. Diagnoses in some of these cases were made during investigation for severe cardiac failure and in most of these cases at autopsy. We describe a unique case of intravascular extension of the tumor embolus in a cordlike fashion from the left femoral vein to the right side of the heart that morphologically resembled a chondrosarcoma.
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

The apparent increasing incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) and of bulimia nervosa (BN) has resulted in a surge of interest in effective treatment methods among a wide range of health professionals. The aim of this chapter is to provide a practical overview of treatment principles that have been identified as useful in the management of these eating disorders. Emphasis will be given to cognitive-behavioral (CB) methods that may be justified for BN by the growing body of empirical literature indicating that these methods are effective for many patients (Fairburn, Kirk, O’Connor, & Cooper, 1986; Freeman, Barry, Dunkeld-Turnbull, & Henderson, 1988; Giles, R. R. Young, & D. E. Young, 1985; Hsu & Holder, 1986; Kirkley, Schneider, Agras, & Bachman, 1985; Lee & Rush, 1986; Leitenberg, Rosen, Gross, Nudelman, & Vera, (1989); Ordman & Kirschenbaum, 1985; Schneider & Agras, 1985; Wilson, Rossiter, Kleifeld, & Lindholm, 1986; cf. Garner, 1987; Garner, Fairburn, & Davis, 1987). The rationale for the application of CB interventions to AN is based almost entirely on clinical experience since comparative treatment trials have not been reported.
Demand relationships among fresh fruit and juices in Canada

This paper considers an application of the differential approach to Canadian fresh fruit and juice demand for the time period from 1960 through 1987. Results show that if Canadian consumers were to allocate larger portions of their budgets to the consumption of fresh fruit and juices, expenditure shares on oranges and apples would increase, with fresh oranges benefitting the most. Furthermore, results show that oranges and grapefruit are substitutes for apples; therefore, an increase in the price of fresh apples would increase the consumption of citrus; thus, increasing citrus imports.
Group Day Care and the Risk of Serious Infectious Illnesses

Group day care attendance has been associated with an increased risk of infectious illnesses. With the exception of illnesses caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (H. influenzae) and Neisseria Meningitidis (N. meningitidis), most studies have examined relatively mild illnesses. A matched case-control study was conducted to study the association between group day care attendance and serious infectious illnesses (requiring hospitalization). Cases were children aged 3 months to 59 months hospitalized for an infectious illness at Yale-New Haven Hospital from June 1984 through November 1986. Each case was matched to a control by date of birth and regular pediatrician, and their parents were interviewed. Data from 193 matched pairs were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. The matched odds ratio (OR) for the association between group day care attendance and serious infectious illness was 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87-2.20). For pairs in which the case had an H. influenzae infection (n = 46), the odds ratio was 8.00 (95% CI 1.00-63.85), and for N. meningitidis (n = 9) the odds ratio was 2.00 (95% CI 0.39-10.27). In the remaining 138 pairs, the odds ratio was 1.27 (95% CI 0.76-2.12). In infants less than 12 months of age (n = 64) the odds ratio for group day care and illnesses (excluding H. influenzae and N. meningitidis) was 1.66 (95% CI 0.73-3.80) and it was 1.06 (95% CI 0.55-2.05) for older children (n = 74). The data suggested an association between day care attendance and invasive bacterial infections other than H. influenza and N. meningitidis, OR = 2.00 (95% CI 0.81-4.94) but not for local bacterial infections, OR = 1.00 (95% CI 0.25-4.00) or infections of presumed viral etiology, OR = 1.00 (95% CI 0.49-2.05). Important predictors of serious infections (excluding H. influenzae and N. meningitidis) were passive smoking (OR = 3.96, 95% CI 2.16-7.24) and sharing a bedroom (OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.23-4.33). These findings do not suggest that group day care attendance poses a large risk of serious infections (other than H. influenzae or N. meningitidis) to young children; however, at least one preventable factor, passive smoking, may.
Exploration of the Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Parental Illness on Children’s Educational and Behavioral Functioning Using a Large Taiwanese Sample

This study used data from Waves I and II of the Taiwan Educational Panel Survey (TEPS) to explore the potential short-term and long-term effects of parental illness and health condition on children's behavioral and educational functioning. A sample of 11,018 junior high school students and their parents and teachers in Taiwan were included in this present study. The results supported previous work that parental illness may place children at slight risk for poor psychosocial adjustment and behavioral problems. Parental illness was associated with lower adaptive skills and more behavioral problems in children. Children of ill parents showed resilience in their educational functioning in the event of parental illness as children's academic achievement and learning skills were not related to parental illness/health condition.
An automated system for optimizing temporary housing arrangements after natural disasters

Post-disaster temporary housing programs have often been criticized due their inability to fulfill the socioeconomic and safety needs of the displaced families and for being overly expensive. Impact assessment software systems, such as HAZUSMH (FEMA) and MAEviz (Mid-America Earthquake Center), enable emergency planners to estimate post-disaster housing damage and displacement of families. This paper presents the development of an automated temporary housing planning system, which incorporates a preparedness model and a response model. These models are currently being integrated in MAEviz to support decision-makers in (1) identifying available temporary housing resources prior to a disaster; and (2) identifying optimal configurations of post-disaster temporary housing arrangements, which satisfy the safety and socioeconomic needs of displaced families, while minimizing public expenditures. A large-scale application example is provided to demonstrate the capabilities of the system in identifying feasible temporary housing alternatives and generating optimal trade-offs among different optimization objectives.
Reply: Mechanical Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke.

We appreciate the interest from Dr. Badhiwala and colleagues about our recent meta-analysis [(1)][1]. It is well known that if separate groups conduct their own meta-analyses, there will always be subtle differences between them. Our aim was to conduct a rigorous and high-quality analysis
Chemical Equilibrium Model of Solution Behavior and Bishofite (MgCl2•6H2O(cr)) and Hydrogen―Carnallite (HCl•MgCl2•7H2O(cr)) Solubility in the MgCl2 + H2O and HCl•MgCl2 + H2O Systems to High Acid Concentration at (0 to 100) °C

This paper describes the development of a thermodynamic model for the highly important MgCl2 + H2O and HCl + MgCl2 + H2O systems at (0 to 100) °C. The model incorporates the concentration-dependent specific interaction equations of Pitzer for aqueous solutions (J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 268). All experimental thermodynamic quantities available in the literature (osmotic coefficients, water activities, magnesium chloride mineral’s solubilties) are used to construct a chemical model that calculates solute and solvent activities and solid−liquid equilibria in the MgCl2 + H2O and HCl + MgCl2 + H2O systems. The (0 to 100) °C model for the binary MgCl2 + H2O system gives excellent agreement with activity and solubility data used in parametrization and/or validation processes. To create a temperature-variable mixed solution model for the HCl + MgCl2 + H2O system, a HCl + H2O model parametrization established in our previous study (Christov and Moller, GCA 2004a, 68, 1309) has been used. To develop an equilibrium ...
Patient advocacy for beginners.

Though the lack of consensus about the proper role of advocacy in physicians' professional lives makes it unlikely that medical schools will focus on it, those who wish to bring about change can do so without formal training.
Upper bounds on friction tumble in turbulent flow

Physics students are always told to ignore air friction when solving textbook problems in mechanics, such as finding projectile trajectories or calculating pendulum oscillations. It is often argued that the rate at which mechanical energy is converted into heat by viscous stresses within the fluid is small enough to be neglected. (This energy conversion rate is called the flow dissipation.) No-one minds this approximation when it is used in first-year physics, but it is disconcerting to find, years later, in the graduate seminar room, that flow dissipation is still treated approximately.
The Work of I. S. Kon

The work of I. S. Kon merits a separate chapter for two main reasons. Firstly, he is one of the few Soviet scholars to have devoted much time to an analysis of sex differences in personality. Secondly, he spans a number of disciplines, and so fits awkwardly into any single category. He has been described as a social-psychologist, sociologist, ethnographer, and (increasingly) sexologist. This profusion of titles is not inappropriate, since Kon strives to maintain an interdisciplinary approach. He is aware of, and frequently cites, research undertaken in a variety of disciplines, both in the USSR and in the West, and laments the failure of other social scientists to learn from the work of their colleagues in related fields. For example, in one hard-hitting article in Pravda Kon anticipates the failure of the school reform proposals, introduced in 1984, unless pedagogical theorists and teachers join forces with psychologists and sociologists to produce an integrated study of children and the various agents of socialization. He goes on to attack the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences for virtually sabotaging the development of such a co-ordinated project by ignoring the work of neighbouring disciplines — notably sociology and social-pedagogy — rather than serving as a centre for the assimilation and assessment of all work in this area.1
Distinct regulation of atonal in a visual organ of Drosophila: Organ-specific enhancer and lack of autoregulation in the larval eye.

Abstract Drosophila has three types of visual organs, the larval eyes or Bolwig's organs (BO), the ocelli (OC) and the compound eyes (CE). In all, the bHLH protein Atonal (Ato) functions as the proneural factor for photoreceptors and effects the transition from progenitor cells to differentiating neurons. In this work, we investigate the regulation of ato expression in the BO primordium (BOP). Surprisingly, we find that ato transcription in the BOP is entirely independent of the shared regulatory DNA for the developing CE and OC. The core enhancer for BOP expression, ato BO , lies ~6 kb upstream of the ato gene, in contrast to the downstream location of CE and OC regulatory elements. Moreover, maintenance of ato expression in the neuronal precursors through autoregulation—a common and ancient feature of ato expression that is well-documented in eyes, ocelli and chordotonal organs—does not occur in the BO. We also show that the ato BO enhancer contains two binding sites for the transcription factor Sine oculis (So), a core component of the progenitor specification network in all three visual organs. These binding sites function in vivo and are specifically bound by So in vitro . Taken together, our findings reveal that the control of ato transcription in the evolutionarily derived BO has diverged considerably from ato regulation in the more ancestral compound eyes and ocelli, to the extent of acquiring what appears to be a distinct and evolutionarily novel cis -regulatory module.
Budgeted testing through an algorithmic lens

Automated testing has been a focus of research for a long time. As such, we tend to think about this in a coverage centric manner. Testing budgets have also driven research such as prioritization and test selection, but as a secondary concern. As our systems get larger, are more dynamic, and impact more people with each change, we argue that we should switch from a coverage centric view to a budgeted testing centric view. Researchers in other fields have designed approximation algorithms for such budgeted scenarios and these are often simple to implement and run. In this paper we present an exemplar study on combinatorial interaction testing (CIT) to show that a budgeted greedy algorithm, when adapted to our problem for various budgets, does almost as well coverage-wise as a state of the art greedy CIT algorithm, better in some cases than a state of the art simulated annealing, and always improves over random. This suggests that we might benefit from switching our focus in large systems, from coverage to budgets.
Indoor and outdoor mobility for an intelligent autonomous wheelchair

A smart wheelchair was developed to provide users with increased independence and flexibility in their lives. The wheelchair can be operated in a fully autonomous mode or a hybrid brain-controlled mode while the continuously running autonomous mode may override the user-generated motion command to avoid potential dangers. The wheelchair's indoor mobility has been demonstrated by operating it in a dynamically occupied hallway, where the smart wheelchair intelligently interacted with pedestrians. An extended operation of the wheelchair for outdoor environments was also explored. Terrain recognition based on visual image processes and multi-layer neural learning network was demonstrated. A mounted Laser Range Finder (LRF) was used to determine terrain drop-offs and steps and to detect stationary and moving obstacles for autonomous path planning. Real-time imaging of the outdoor scenes using the oscillating LRF was attempted; however, the overhead in generating a three-dimensional point cloud exceeded the onboard computer capability.
Effects of C5 organic carbon and light on growth and cell activity of Haematococcus pluvialis under mixotrophic conditions

Abstract Mixotrophic culture can be an effective way for increasing algae growth rate and productivity. In this study, the utilization of C5 organic carbon by Haematococcus pluvialis was investigated under mixotrophic conditions with different light intensities. H. pluvialis was found to have the capacity to assimilate ribose as a carbon source. Ribose supplementation increased biomass content and cell activity, which prolonged the green growing stage through increasing cell division. Higher cell activity levels also reduced the possibility of contamination. Forty one percent of supplemented ribose was assimilated after 7 days under mixotrophic cultivation. In addition, cultures supplemented with ribose had an improved motile cell ratio (31%) over cultures supplemented with sodium acetate, 7%. Light intensities affected ribose assimilation and cell activity. The highest ribose assimilation level (46%) was obtained at high light intensity. However, the maximum ratio of motile cell (37%) and the highest total cell number (1.15 × 106/mL) occurred at low light intensity. The results provided information about the synergistic effects of light and types of C5 carbon on biomass growth for H. pluvialis under mixotrophic culture. The possibility of using ribose as a carbon source offers a new strategy for biomass improvement and contamination control under mixotrophic conditions.
College student grief, grief differences, family communication, and family satisfaction

ABSTRACTAlthough family grief communication has received solid research attention, few studies have examined how communication about grief differences among family members may relate to college students’ grief experiences and family satisfaction. Online survey data were collected from emerging adults attending college (n = 335) at a large Midwestern university and analyzed using hierarchical multiple regressions. Findings indicated that family communication about grief differences was positively associated with family satisfaction but was not related to individual grief reactions. This study contributes to the understanding of family grief communication among college students and offers implications for student affairs personnel working with grieving college students.
High fat diet disrupts endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis in the rat liver

Background & Aims Disruption to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis has been implicated in obesity, however, the ability to longitudinally monitor ER calcium fluctuations has been challenging with prior methodologies. We recently described the development of a Gaussia luciferase (GLuc)-based reporter protein responsive to ER calcium depletion (GLuc-SERCaMP) and investigated the effect of a high fat diet on ER calcium homeostasis. Methods A GLuc-based reporter cell line was treated with palmitate, a free fatty acid. Rats intrahepatically injected with GLuc-SERCaMP reporter were fed a cafeteria diet or high fat diet. The liver and plasma were examined for established markers of steatosis and compared to plasma levels of SERCaMP activity. Results Palmitate induced GLuc-SERCaMP release in vitro , indicating ER calcium depletion. Consumption of a cafeteria diet or high fat pellets correlated with alterations to hepatic ER calcium homeostasis in rats, shown by increased GLuc-SERCaMP release. Access to ad lib high fat pellets also led to a corresponding decrease in microsomal calcium ATPase activity and an increase in markers of hepatic steatosis. In addition to GLuc-SERCaMP, we have also identified endogenous proteins (endogenous SERCaMPs) with a similar response to ER calcium depletion. We demonstrated the release of an endogenous SERCaMP, thought to be a liver esterase, during access to a high fat diet. Attenuation of both GLuc-SERCaMP and endogenous SERCaMP was observed during dantrolene administration. Conclusions Here we describe the use of a reporter for in vitro and in vivo models of high fat diet. Our results support the theory that dietary fat intake correlates with a decrease in ER calcium levels in the liver and suggest a high fat diet alters the ER proteome. Lay summary: ER calcium dysregulation was observed in rats fed a cafeteria diet or high fat pellets, with fluctuations in sensor release correlating with fat intake. Attenuation of sensor release, as well as food intake was observed during administration of dantrolene, a drug that stabilizes ER calcium. The study describes a novel technique for liver research and provides insight into cellular processes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and fatty liver disease.
Undergraduate Nursing Students' Ability to Apply Ethics in Simulated Cases

Abstract Background Nursing faculty are often challenged to teach constructs to foster ethical growth to student nurses in a large classroom setting. Traditional classroom teaching strategies have historically not been effective. Our goal was to develop and evaluate the teaching effectiveness on the application of the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics using four simulation-based scenarios to undergraduate nursing students via a learning management system. Methods After classroom-based instruction, individual students (N = 93) reviewed four preprogramed simulated scenarios constructed with the collaboration of the theater department and senior-level students entitled The Teenage Pregnancy , The Impaired Nurse , Withholding Treatment , and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit . After viewing the vignettes, feedback was solicited through a five-item Likert scale questionnaire. Results The results from students revealed they were able to discern the ethical values of advocacy, autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence among others. Conclusions The data support that ethical growth was enriched using this course enhancement exercise suggesting that high-fidelity simulation using standardized patients may be a method of teaching large masses of prelicensure nursing students on how to address ethical quandaries that confront their patients in the delivery of their care. Refinement of tools and further inquiry is warranted. Although students overwhelmingly thought that their ability for engaging in therapeutic communication, their ability to recognize potential ethical issues, and their ability to feel more comfortable in approaching patients about ethical issues was enhanced, this exercise suggests that there remains much work in getting undergraduate nursing students to be proficient in this area.
Nanoemulsion formulation of a novel taxoid DHA-SBT-1214 inhibits prostate cancer stem cell-induced tumor growth.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion formulation encapsulating DHA-SBT-1214, a novel omega-3 fatty acid conjugated taxoid prodrug, against prostate cancer stem cells. Nanoemulsions of DHA-SBT-1214 (NE-DHA-SBT-1214) were prepared and characterized. In vitro delivery efficiency and cytotoxicity of NE-DHA-SBT-1214 was compared with solution formulation in PPT2 cells. In vivo studies included analysis of comparative efficacy of NE-DHA-SBT-1214 with Abraxane® and placebo nanoemulsions as well as post-treatment alternations in clonogenic and sphere-forming capabilities of the tumor cells. Qualitative intracellular uptake studies of dye encapsulated NEs by confocal imaging showed uptake by both monolayer and spheroid cultured PPT2 cells. Treatment of PPT2 cells with NE DHA-SBT-1214 (1nM-1μM for monolayer culture of cells grown on collagen-coated dishes for 48 h) induced complete cell death, showing higher efficacy as compared to the drug solution. This nanoemulsion (10nM-10μM) also showed toxicity in 3D culture of floating spheroids. Weekly intravenous administration of the NE-DHA-SBT-1214 to NOD/SCID mice bearing subcutaneous PPT2 tumor xenografts led to dramatic suppression of tumor growth compared to Abraxane® and placebo nanoemulsion formulation. Viable cells that survived from this in vivo treatment regimen were no longer able to induce floating spheroids and holoclones, whereas control and Abraxane® treated tumor cells induced a large number of both. The results show that NE-DHA-SBT-1214 possesses significant activity against prostate CD133high/CD44+/high tumor-initiating cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Accounting Research Productivity Benchmarks : Who Uses Them?

Numerous studies have been conducted over the last 40 years concerning accounting faculty research productivity that have developed benchmarks for which accounting department administrators can evaluate the research productivity of accounting faculty. Such benchmarks not only use quantity of publications, but also subjective qualitative measures such as the perceived “quality” of journals in which the research is published. It remains unknown, however, the extent to which, or whether, any of the benchmarks published to date are actually used by administrators to evaluate the accounting research productivity of their faculty or what decisions they may make based on those benchmarks. The research question is thus, do accounting department administrators use published accounting productivity benchmarks. This study surveyed accounting department administrators (deans, chairpersons, and heads of accounting departments) of U.S. institutions to determine if they use published accounting research productivity benchmarks in evaluating faculty for hiring, promotion, tenure, or merit pay decisions. The results of our survey were analyzed using chi-square tests of association and one-sample chi-square. The results indicate that at a .000 level of significance accounting department administrators do not use published accounting research productivity benchmarks in evaluating faculty for hiring, promotion, tenure, and merit pay decisions. This suggests that new research productivity benchmarks need to be developed that can actually be used by administrators.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring personality in childhood and adulthood.

Objective: Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been associated with offspring internalizing and externalizing disorders. The purpose of this research is to examine whether MSDP is also associated with variations in normal personality traits in childhood and adulthood. Method: This study uses four independent samples (total N=16,323) to examine whether there are mean-level differences in offspring personality traits by MSDP, controlling for relevant socio-demographic factors. Two samples are of children (Ns=3,782 and 3,841) and two samples are of adults (Ns=1,786 and 6,914). Results: A meta-analysis across the four samples indicated that offspring of mothers who did smoke during pregnancy scored higher in Neuroticism (p=.000) and Extraversion (p=.003) and lower in Conscientiousness (p=.002) than offspring of mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy. The association between MSDP and Neuroticism and Conscientiousness held across both childhood and adulthood and when propensity score matching was used, whereas the association with Extraversion was only apparent in adulthood and did not hold with propensity scores. Conclusions: These results suggest that MSDP is associated with individual differences in psychological traits in childhood and adulthood and may be one prenatal factor that contributes to trait Neuroticism and Conscientiousness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Adiposity at different periods of life and risk of adult glioma in a cohort of postmenopausal women.

Abstract Background Little is known about risk factors for adult glioma. Adiposity has received some attention as a possible risk factor. Methods We examined the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), measured at enrollment, as well as self-reported weight earlier in life, with risk of glioma in a large cohort of postmenopausal women. Over 18 years of follow-up, 217 glioma cases were ascertained, including 164 glioblastomas. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results There was a modest, non-significant trend toward increasing risk of glioma and glioblastoma with increasing measured BMI and WHR. No trend was seen for WC. Self-reported BMI earlier in life showed no association with risk. Conclusions Our weak findings regarding the association of adiposity measures with risk of glioma are in agreement the results of several large cohort studies. In view of the available evidence, adiposity is unlikely to represent an important risk factor for glioma.
Hospital readmissions in diabetic kidney transplant recipients with peripheral vascular disease.

BACKGROUND The benefits of kidney transplantation in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) are unclear. While patients may have improved survival compared to dialysis, the burden of care after transplant has not been assessed. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of adult diabetic kidney-only transplant recipients with and without PVD transplanted from January 2012 until June 30, 2015. RESULTS Of 203 diabetic kidney transplant recipients, 56 (27.6%) had PVD and 147 (72.4%) had no PVD. At a median of 3.14 years follow-up, there were no significant differences in 30-, 90-, or 1-year readmission rates. At 1 year after transplant, PVD patients were significantly more likely to have a greater sum of unplanned inpatient days (44.6% vs 27.9% with ≥10 inpatient days, P = .03) and at least 1 reoperation (28.6% vs. 8.7%, P < .01). At 1 year post-transplant, there were similar rates of graft-related reoperations; however, patients with PVD had significantly increased rates of non-graft-related operations of which 31.2% were PVD-related. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients with PVD utilize more resources after kidney transplant, spending more time in the hospital and undergoing more post-transplant operations. The causes of readmission are predominantly related to progression of PVD rather than allograft complications.
Improving Communication through Overlay Detours: Pipe Dream or Actionable Insight?

It has been long observed that communication between a client and a content server using overlay detours may result in substantially better performance than a native path offered by IP routing. Yet the use of detours has been limited to distributed platforms such as Akamai. This paper poses a question – how can clients practically take advantage of overlay detours without modification to content servers (which are obviously outside clients' control)? We have posited elsewhere that the emergence of gigabit-to-the-home access networks would precipitate a new home network appliance, which would maintain permanent presence on the Internet for the users and have general computing and storage capabilities. Given such an appliance, our vision is that Internet users may form cooperatives in which members agree to serve as waypoints points to each other to improve each other's Internet experience. To make detours transparent to the server, we leverage MPTCP, which normally allows a device to communicate with the server on several network interfaces in parallel but we use it to communicate through external waypoint hosts. The waypoints then mimic MPTCP's subflows to the server, making the server oblivious to the overlay detours as long as it supports MPTCP.
Aspects of the Projector on Prox-Regular Sets

This paper deals with results about projectors on the important class of closed, prox-regular sets in ℝn. These sets, which include all closed convex sets but also many nonconvex sets, have the property that their associated projection mappings are very well behaved, being locally single-valued and continuous among other good properties. We give elementary proofs of these properties of the projector, and for the case in which the projection is made onto a perturbed set we show that under suitable conditions the projector is jointly continuous in the perturbation variable and the variable expressing the point that is projected. We briefly describe an application to the extension of a normal-map construction from variational inequalities posed over polyhedral convex sets to variational conditions posed over sets that satisfy prox-regularity.
Cost Driver Analysis in Hospitals: A Simultaneous Equations Approach

This paper extends recent cost driver research to the health care sector. In various case studies it has been suggested that overhead costs are driven by volume and complexity variables. This paper investigates the significance of these variables in determining hospital overhead costs, how they are structurally related, and how the cost impacts of these variables can be estimated in practice. A unique feature of the research is the treatment of complexity as an endogenous variable. It is hypothesized that the level of hospital complexity, in terms of the number of services provided (i.e., "breadth" complexity) and the intensity of individual services (i.e., "depth" complexity), is simultaneously determined with the level of general services (overhead) costs needed to support the complexity. Two-stage least squares regression is used to estimate the model. The volume and complexity variables were all statistically significant drivers of hospital overhead costs.
Ocular and Orbital Tumors

Intraocular and orbital tumors are relatively rare disease entities. Approximately 2100 new cases of primary orbital or ocular tumors are diagnosed annually in the United States. While cancer metastases to the eye or the orbit comprise the majority of ocular and/or orbital tumors, the most common primary tumor of the eye in adults is intraocular melanoma.
High Frequency Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging of Solid Tumors in Mice

A mammary carcinoma and a sarcoma were grown in mice and imaged with ultrasound transducers operating with a center frequency of 20 MHz. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) analysis was used to characterize the tumors using the bandwidth of 10 to 25 MHz. Initial QUS estimates of the scatterer properties (average scatterer diameter and acoustic concentration) did not reveal differences between the two kinds of tumors. Examination of the tumors using light microscopy indicated definite structural differences between the two kinds of tumors. In order to draw out the structural differences with ultrasound, a higher frequency probe (center frequency measured at 70 MHz) was used to interrogate the two kinds of tumors and new models were applied to the QUS analysis. QUS scatterer diameter images of the tumors were constructed using the high frequency probe. Several models for scattering were implemented to obtain estimates of scatterer properties in order to relate estimated scatterer properties to real tissue microstructure. The Anderson model for scattering from a fluid-filled sphere differentiated the two kinds of tumors but did not yield scatterer property estimates that resembled underlying structure. Using the Anderson model, the average estimated scatterer diameters were 25.5 ± 0.14 μm for the carcinoma and 57.5 ± 2.90 for the sarcoma. A new cell model was developed, which was based on scattering from a cell by incorporating the effects of the cytoskeleton and nucleus. The new cell model yielded estimates that appeared to reflect underlying structure more accurately but did not separate the two kinds of tumors. Using the new cell model, the average estimated scatterer diameters were 15.6 ± 2.2 μm for the carcinoma and 16.8 ± 3.82 μm for the sarcoma. The new cell model yielded estimates close to the actual nuclear diameter of the cell (13 μm)
Habit-Making Devices

Within this chapter, the important distinction between habit, compulsion, and addiction is explained, particularly with regard to our personal technologies. The term smartphone addiction has become over-sensationalized, but there is some evidence that warrants a closer look at the gravitational pull that our smartphones possess. In particular, the chapter reviews the consequential effects of incessant phone-checking and how this can lead to more serious psychological and physiological manifestations.
Meningococcal Group A, C, W, and Y Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine: A Review of Clinical Data in Adolescents

MenACWY-TT (Nimenrix) is a quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine containing polysaccharides from serogroups A, C, W, and Y conjugated to a tetanus toxoid carrier protein. MenACWY-TT is licensed in some countries as a three-dose primary series in individuals as young as 6 weeks of age and as a single dose in individuals ≥12 months of age. MenACWY-TT use is supported by long-term immunogenicity and safety across age groups, including data from several phase 2, 3, and 4 clinical studies in adolescents and young adults. Adolescents are an important population in the epidemiology, transmission, and prevention of invasive meningococcal disease, with this age-based population having the highest risk for carriage and transmission as well as one of the highest risks of disease. This age group is emerging as a target population in meningococcal vaccination programs globally, as vaccinating adolescents and young adults could potentially not only decrease disease rates directly for those vaccinated but also indirectly for unvaccinated individuals by decreasing carriage and eliciting herd protection. This review will consider available data for MenACWY-TT in adolescents, including safety and immunogenicity, booster and memory responses, persistence, and coadministration with other vaccines, with an emphasis on the rationale for use of MenACWY-TT and other quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines in adolescents to address the changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease.
The Role of Completion Lymph Node Dissection for Sentinel Lymph Node-Positive Melanoma.

Completion lymph node dissection (CLND) for sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive melanoma patients has been guideline-concordant standard of care since adoption of lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy for the management of clinically node-negative melanoma patients more than 20 years ago. However, a trend for omission of CLND has been observed over the past decade, and we now have randomized, controlled clinical trial data to help guide treatment recommendations. Publication of these data prompted an American Society of Clinical Oncology—Society of Surgical Oncology 2018 clinical practice guideline update for these patients. Systematic review of current evidence supports a selective, individualized approach to CLND for SLN-positive melanoma. For low-risk, low-volume micrometastatic disease, SLN biopsy may be both diagnostic and therapeutic, and close clinical follow-up with imaging or CLND are reasonable options for appropriately selected patients. For higher-risk patients, omission of CLND requires careful consideration of risks versus benefits, relevant histopathology, and individualized patient discussion. This should address patient comorbidities and life expectancy, the predicted likelihood of additional positive nodes, availability of imaging surveillance, likelihood of adherence to imaging and clinical follow-up, consequences of regional recurrence, and the prognostic value of complete nodal staging and its impact on adjuvant therapy recommendations or clinical trial participation. Data on long-term outcomes, cost, and patient-reported quality of life measures are not yet available.
Close Following Behavior: Estimation of Desired Gap Headway Using Loop Detector Data (TECHNICAL NOTE)

The desired gap headway of drivers, while close following, represents the main parameter in determining the following distance between vehicles. This paper uses the raw individual vehicles data taken from loop detectors for millions of vehicles used M25 and M42 in order to estimate the gap headway distributions between successive pairs of vehicles. The data used in this paper were filtered so as to focus on the cases of close following behavior only and more than quarter million pairs of close following cases is used to presents the results. Such huge sample size taken from loop detectors will increase the results reliability as previous research used limited sample size. The results presented the cumulative distribution of drivers’ gap headway and suggested that the mean gap headway of drivers is about 1.1 s with standard deviation of 0.42 s. The lane choice found to be significantly influencing the desired gap headway for speed higher than 70km/h only. The effect of the follower vehicle type of the desired gap headway was also examined and the results suggested that such effect is insignificant. The findings of this paper are suggested to be used as inputs for traffic micro-simulation models.