cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Issues in Management Division Dissertation Award Competition for 2011: Acknowledging Exemplary Research Processes and Outcomes in Doctoral Study

This dissertation forum continues the tradition started last year by Business & Society to recognize and recognize the achievements of the finalists of the Academy of Management’s Social Issues in ...
Distance education but beyond: "meLearning"--what if the impossible isn't?

ABSTRACT It's not the physical distance between teachers and learners that is the problem but the gap between what all of us as learners need and what those who supply the education, training, and learning have to offer. Mass-produced education for the masses will give way to massively customized learning with contributions from all. While the scope of such an endeavor appears staggering, the dream of adaptive, personalized “meLearning” for every person every day, and thus the brightest future ever imagined, lies immediately in front of us and within our grasp. The vision for a future world state where every person experiences personalized learning every day is clear, but it has arrived prematurely, is inequitably distributed, and remains unseen by most. Moreover, and as has been common in the history of conditions preceding such mass revolutions, the existing organizations and institution stand in stark contrast to this vision and, in many ways, oppose it. All quite predictable and understandable. Howeve...
Using history and sociology to teach engineering ethics

An overview is given of the academic discipline of engineering ethics in the United States, describing how the subject has been taught in the US, and suggesting a new method that uses the history and sociology of science and technology to teach ethical issues in engineering. Traditionally, engineering ethicists have focussed on accidents to analyze both ethical conduct and social implications of engineering. The new approach attempts to move beyond this concern with what might be called "disaster ethics" to study the ethical and social aspects of everyday engineering practice.
Limbic postictal events: anatomical substrates and opioid receptor involvement.

Abstract Caldecott-Hazard, Sally and Jerome Engel, Jr.: Limbic Postictal Events: Anatomical Substrates and Opioid Receptor Involvement. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. and Biol. Psychiat. 1987, 11 : 389–418 1. 1. Amygdaloid kindled seizures in rats produce postictal motor deficits, disruption of affective responding to sensory input, postictal explosiveness, and seizure suppression that may be similar to events following complex partial seizures in humans. 2. 2. Preliminary 2DG studies in kindled rats indicate that postictal motor deficits may be mediated by the substantia nigra. Disruption of affective responding and postictal seizure suppression may be mediated by the hippocampus. 3. 3. Data from the literature indicates that postictal motor deficits may be mediated by mu and kappa opioid receptors. The disruption of affective responding may be mediated primarily be delta and maybe also by kappa receptors. Postictal explosiveness may involve either a nonmu receptor or it may be a non-opioid effect. Kindling-induced postictal seizure suppression may be mediated by kappa receptors and perhaps also by mu receptors. 4. 4. Mechanisms underlying postictal effects of complex partial seizures in humans are suggested by the data in this manuscript. New approaches to the treatment of these postictal events are also proposed.
ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS OF CHINESE ROCK STANDARDS GSR 1–6: A COMPARISON WITH THE CERTIFICATE VALUES

Data are presented for the six new Chinese rock standards, GSR 1 through 6. These samples include a granite, an andesite, a basalt, a sandstone, a shale, and a limestone, providing a wide range of sample types of geochemical interest. The certificate values were tested using XRF and ITNA for the major and trace elements and colorimetry, coulometry, and thermogravimetry for the ferrous iron and the volatile constitutents. Excellent agreement was obtained for the 50 elements measured, implying these standards have been well characterized generally and should be of immediate use to geochemists.
A Revision of the North American Ants of the Genus Myrmica Latreille With a Synopsis of the Palearctic Species. III

The preceding parts with this title were published in the Annals of the Entomological Society of America, September, 1947 (40:437-474, 3 text figs.) and June, 1948 (41:267-308, 7 pl.). They treated the genus as a whole (keys, distribution, affinities, etc.) and 20 species comprising 104 described forms. The present part deals with the North American brevinodis and its subspecies, which are among the commonest ants of this area, and 12 additional species of the Holarctic Region comprising 42 forms. A projected fourth part will summarize the data and contain addenda and an index.
Covariant time-ordered perturbation theory.

By reformulating Kadyshevsky's perturbation theory for the S matrix in quantum field theory, a covariant version of time-ordered perturbation theory is obtained. The new graphical rules are just like those of time-ordered perturbation theory except for the replacement of three-momentum-conserving \ensuremath{\delta} functions with covariant three-dimensional \ensuremath{\delta} functions and the use of invariant denominators instead of energy denominators. The new rules are illustrated by deriving an approximate three-dimensional integral equation which describes the scattering of two identical scalar particles which interact by exchanging a different scalar particle.
The Instruments of Abolition, or Why Retributivism is the Only Real Justification of Punishment

Victor Tadros’ The Ends of Harm is the most recent systematic attempt to defend the good old utilitarian justification of punishment. The attempt fails for a variety of reasons, which are here explored. First, the attempt presupposes an implausible account of human’s psychology. Second, the attempt confuses an attack on retributivism with an attack on certain criminal justice systems. Finally, Tadros admits that his justification of punishment is best seen as a mere step along the road to full-blown abolitionism – and so he unwittingly admits the extraordinarily thin sense in which he could be said to be really attempting to justify punishment.
Class II MHC cDNAs in 15I5 B-congenic chickens.

cDNA was obtained from the bursae of Fabricius of chickens from six B-congenic lines developed at this laboratory and studied for expression of class II B-LB genes. Following cDNA amplification, cloning and sequencing, genes were assigned to B-LB loci based on characteristic DNA sequences, amino acid relatedness to characterized genes, and level of expression. Genes from the B-LBI, B-LBII, and B-LBVI loci were differentially expressed in chickens with the B 2 , B 5 , B 13 , B 15 , or B 21 haplotypes. Chickens of all haplotypes expressed a B-LBII gene. Additional B-LB genes expressed included: B-LBI genes in the B 5 and B 19 haplotypes; a B-LBI/VI recombinant gene in the B 2 haplotype; and a B-LBVI gene in the B 13 haplotype. The B-congenic lines have demonstrable differences in resistance to Marek’s disease (MD), and in responses to MD viral vaccines. This variability in disease resistance may be correlated with polymorphisms in the expressed B-LB genes, or with differential expression of genes at different loci.
Critical Dimension of String Theories in Curved Space

The critical dimension of string theories in which the background metric is a product of Minkowski space and an $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ or $\mathrm{SO}(N)$ group manifold is derived. A consistent string theory can be constructed only in the presence of a Wess-Zumino term associated with the compactified dimension. This implies that the compactified radius is quantized in units of the string tension. A generalization to the supersymmetric case is discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Amide-Derivatized, Polypyridyl-Based Metallopolymers

A new series of soluble metallopolymers based on amide-derivatized, styrene−p-(aminomethyl)styrene, containing on the average 16 repeat units, has been synthesized. The amino copolymer was prepared by treating styrene−p-(chloromethyl)styrene with potassium phthalimide and then with hydrazine monohydrate. The derivatization chemistry is based on amide coupling to the amino polymer. The aminated polymer was derivatized by reaction with a stoichiometric amount of the acid-functionalized metal complexes, [MIIb2b−COOH](PF6)2] (MII = RuII, OsII; b = 2,2‘-bipyridine, b−COOH = 4‘-methyl-2,2‘-bipyridine-4-carboxylic acid), in the presence of a coupling reagent. The remaining amino sites were capped by the acetyl group by treatment with acetic anhydride. Samples of varying composition, [co-PS−CH2NHCO−(RuIIxMe16-x)](PF6)2x (x = 4, 7, 9, 12, 16) and [co-PS−CH2NHCO−(OsIIxMe16-x)](PF6)2x (x = 4, 8, 16) have been prepared where MII is an abbreviation for [MIIb2b−CONH−]2+ (M = Ru, Os) and Me for the methyl of the acetami...
Effects of substrate crystallinity and dopant on the growth kinetics of platinum silicides

The growth kinetics of platinum silicides have been studied on four substrate categories: single‐crystal, amorphous, undoped polycrystalline, and phosphorus‐doped (8×1020 at./cm3) polycrystalline silicon. The sequential growth of Pt2Si and PtSi were analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), Seeman–Bohlin x‐ray diffraction, and cross‐section transmission electron microscopy. Phosphorus depth profiles were measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Our results conclude that the activation energies for the growth of Pt2Si and PtSi are not affected by substrate crystallinity and doping of phosphorus. Analysis of the phosphorus profile by SIMS clearly showed that phosphorus atoms are segregated near the interface between PtSi and polycrystalline silicon, but not at the Pt2Si/polycrystalline silicon interface.
Treatability of oil shale gas condensate wastewater

Laboratory-scale experiments with an actual modified in-situ gas condensate are used to assess the suitability of the available processes.
Segregation of alloying elements in passive systems—II. Numerical simulation

Abstract A physico-mathematical model has been developed, based on the Point Defect Model, to simulate depth profiles of the alloying and host elements in the passive systems (including barrier and outer films and the metal phase) of binary alloys. Curve fitting of the XPS depth profiles for W and Ni in aNi–W alloy shows that the Point Defect Model can account for the segregation of alloying elements in the passive film on this system. The effects of various parameters on the segregation have been investigated. Most of the predictions of the model are experimentally observed.
GABAergic modulation of human social interaction in a prisoner's dilemma model by acute administration of alprazolam.

Recent work in neuroeconomics has utilized game theory paradigms to examine neural systems that subserve human social interaction and decision making. Attempts to modify social interaction through pharmacological manipulation have been less common. Here we show dose-dependent modification of human social behavior in a prisoner’s dilemma (PD) model following acute administration of the GABA-A modulating benzodiazepine alprazolam. Nine healthy adults received doses of placebo, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg alprazolam in a counterbalanced within-subject design, while completing multiple test blocks per day on an iterated PD game. During test blocks in which peak subjective effects of alprazolam were reported, cooperative choices were significantly decreased as a function of dose. Consistent with previous reports showing that high acute doses of GABA-modulating drugs are associated with violence and other antisocial behavior, our data suggest that at sufficiently high doses, alprazolam can decrease cooperation. These behavioral changes may be facilitated by changes in inhibitory control facilitated by GABA. Game theory paradigms may prove useful in behavioral pharmacology studies seeking to measure social interaction, and may help inform the emerging field of neuroeconomics.
Financing Global Mental Health Services and the Role of WHO

A concrete indicator of a government's commitment to mental health services is the amount of financial resources it allocates. To encourage the government to increase mental health funding, it would require additional research and dissemination findings on the economic consequences of mental health disorders, cost-effectiveness benefits of alternatives treatment, and alternative methods of financing for mental health illnesses. In addition, an organized consumer group can be an effective means in informing legislative and government policy makers. Public financing alone is not sufficient for treating mental illness. Private financing may supplement public funding. It would be important to combine both public and private funding to deliver adequate services for mental illness patients. WHO has been very effective in global tobacco control and SARS epidemic. The new administration should use this successful momentum to initiate a global funding campaign for mental health disorder as a top priority.
Incorporating contemporary clinical practice into education: A curriculum model

A modularized, unit-directed course curriculum design is described as a possible vehicle for linking clinical practice and physical therapy professional education. The structure, implementation, strengths and weaknesses and possible applications in other educational environments are described. This curriculum design has been found to meet the criteria of suitability, feasibility, acceptability and accountability at the University of Michigan-Flint, USA and is believed to be sufficiently dynamic and flexible for possible use in physical therapy education programs worldwide.
Chemical anoxia of tubular cells induces activation of c-Src and its translocation to the zonula adherens.

Cyanide (CN)-induced chemical anoxia of cultured mouse proximal tubular (MPT) cells increased the kinase activity of c-Src by approximately threefold. 4-Amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo...
On the effect of asymmetric communication on distributed time synchronization

Several distributed algorithms have been recently proposed to estimate clock offsets and skews in a network of processors from a set of noisy measurements of the difference between clock offsets and of the ratios of clock skews. These algorithms are designed to converge to the optimal, i.e., the best linear unbiased, estimates even in the presence of node and link failures. However, they require symmetric communication between nodes for convergence. We examine the case when communication is asymmetric, i.e., when a node can receive information from another node but not vice versa. We first show that in the presence of asymmetric communication links, these algorithms converge to an unbiased but suboptimal estimate. In fact, we show that with a distributed algorithm that is constrained to use only local information, it is generally impossible to converge to the optimal estimate when communication is asymmetric. We characterize the resulting estimate that these algorithms converge to in the presence of asymmetry, and node and link failures, and its error covariance.
Recovering the linguistic components of the manual signs in American Sign Language

Manual signs in American sign language (ASL) are constructed using three building blocks -handshape, motion, and place of articulations. Only when these three are successfully estimated, can a sign by uniquely identified. Hence, the use of pattern recognition techniques that use only a subset of these is inappropriate. To achieve accurate classifications, the motion, the handshape and their three-dimensional position need to be recovered. In this paper, we define an algorithm to determine these three components form a single video sequence of two-dimensional pictures of a sign. We demonstrated the use of our algorithm in describing and recognizing a set of manual signs in ASL.
DICOVERY OF "BIOMARKERS" FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PREDICTION FROM STRUCTURAL MR IMAGES

We propose a computational framework for learning predictive image features as "biomarkers" for Alzheimer's disease discrimination using high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. We focus on the exploration of a very large (>500 million) feature space derived extensively from the deformation and tensor fields. In such a huge space, our computational tool supports an automatic search for discriminative feature subspaces and the corresponding anatomical regions in human brains, which can be used to discriminate previously unseen, individual structural MR images from Alzheimer' disease (AD) and normal control (CTL) subjects. Our aggressive leave-ten-out cross-validations on 40 subjects demonstrate higher than 90% sensitivity and specificity. In addition, we demonstrate intriguing anatomical locations as automatically discovered "biomarkers" and the spatial distributions of 20 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects in the discriminative feature space automatically learned for AD and CTL separations. Our results illustrate a truly complementary effort of human and computers for early diagnosis of AD from MR images.
Polyoxometalates from heteropoly “brown” precursors. A new structural class of mixed valence heteropolytungstates, [(XO4)WIV3WVI17O62Hx]n−

Reduction of the α-Keggin anion [Xn+O4W12O36][8 − n]− (X = H22+, B3+, Si4+) by six electrons results in the known tungsten “brown” species [Xn+O4(H2O)3WIV3WVI9O33][8 − n]− in which three W atoms have been reduced from WVI to WIV, forming a metal–metal bonded triad. The WIV atoms have terminal water coordinated in place of terminal oxo groups. Additional tungstate can condense onto these water molecules in aqueous solution between pH = 4 and 6.5 to form the species reported here, [(XO4)WIV3WVI17O62Hx]y−. The boron derivative (X = B3+) is more stable than the metatungstate (X = H22+), both of which have been characterized by elemental analysis, 183W NMR and X-ray crystal structure analysis. Eight additional tungstate groups condense in the form of a partial Keggin structure containing two triads and one dyad which is rotated 60° relative to a hypothetical α-isomer.
THE PERSISTENCE OF HEMOPOIETIC STEM CELLS IN VITRO

Cells capable of forming colonies in spleens of irradiated mice (CFU) are lost temporarily when bone marrow cells from rats or mice are maintained in culture. Rat marrow CFU go through a minimum at about 3 days after which there is a slow increase in the number of CFU in culture, reaching a maximum at 9 days. Mouse marrow CFU reach a minimum at 3 days and a maximum at 7 days. Some rat marrow CFU persist in culture for as long as 28 days.
IN VIVO PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF β‐CAROTENE AGAINST PSORALEN PHOTOTOXICITY

— The protective effect of β-carotene against PUVA- and UVB-induced erythema was determined in groups of albino female Osborne Mendel rats fed standard, placebo or β-carotene-fortified diets. After 13 weeks, the backs of selected animals were clipped and the animals received 8MOP orally, 20 mg/kg in corn oil, followed by 5 J/cm2 UVA irradiation 2 h after dose. A significant β-carotene protective effect was observed against phototoxicity induced by 8MOP, as measured by erythema production. A correlation was noted between the observed protective effect and β-carotene serum and skin levels, determined by HPLC. No protective effect against erythema induced by UVB (0.7 J/cm2) was observed in animals fed the β-carotene-fortified diet. This report represents the first in vivo demonstration of a protective effect of dietary p-carotene against psoraten-induced phototoxicity. Possible mechanisms for the observed β-carotene-protective effect are discussed.
Microeconomics: Theory of the Household

Microeconomic models of pure competition represent the producing and consuming elements of the economy by a series of homogeneous firms and households. As we examined in Chapter 3, production and resource (input) decisions can be analyzed with simple economic models of the production process. The optimal solutions of these models generate the output supply and input demand functions of the firms. The supply functions define how much will be produced by the firm at a given market price. The input demand functions relate the unit cost or price of a resource to how much is demanded of that resource.
Coping with Moore's law (and more): supporting arrays in state-of-the-art model checkers

State-of-the-art hardware model checkers and equivalence checkers rely upon a diversity of synergistic algorithms to achieve adequate scalability and automation. While higher-level decision procedures have enhanced capacity for problems of amenable syntax, little prior work has addressed (1) the generalization of many critical synergistic algorithms beyond bit-blasted representations, nor (2) the issue of bridging higher-level techniques to problems of complex circuit-accurate syntax. In this paper, we extend a variety of bit-level algorithms to designs with memory arrays, and introduce techniques to rewrite arrays from circuit-accurate to verification-amenable behavioral syntax. These extensions have numerous motivations, from scaling formal methods to verify ever-growing design components, to enabling hardware model checkers to reason about software-like systems, to allowing state-of-the-art model checkers to support temporally-consistent function- and predicate-abstraction.
From N/sub 2/ (337 nm) to high-order harmonic generation: 40 years of coherent source development in the UV and VUV

An abbreviated history of the development of several selected coherent sources (primary and nonlinear) in the 100-100-nm spectral region over the past four decades is presented. In this comparatively brief span of time, peak output powers in the UV have risen by more than eight orders of magnitude, and photons from the near-UV to the threshold of the soft X-ray region are now generated routinely at kilohertz repetition frequencies. A few of the milestones and individuals who contributed to this period of enormous progress are discussed.
Larval Feeding on Bt Hybrid and Non-Bt Corn Seedlings by Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Zoophytophagy is an omnivorous activity that occurs when a primarily carnivorous species feeds on plant material. Plant feeding by beneficial predators may have negative consequences if the plant material has been chemically treated, contains toxins, or was transgenically altered. Although common in predaceous Hemiptera, zoophytophagy has been rarely studied in aphidophagous coccinellids. This study examined the likelihood of feeding on Bt and non-Bt corn seedlings by third- and fourth-instar coccinellid larvae, the regularity of feeding events by fourth instars, and the effect of leaf feeding on development time and adult size. Both third- and fourth-instar Harmonia axyridis Pallas and Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer consume leaf tissue, with fourth instars being significantly more likely to feed on corn seedlings. C. maculata larvae ingested leaf tissue more frequently than H. axyridis. Furthermore, when given access to corn seedlings daily, development time of fourth-instar C. maculata increased after Bt hybrid corn treatments compared with non-Bt corn treatments. Zoophytophagous feeding behavior is thought to sustain predators during times of low prey availability, and leaf tissue feeding by coccinellids has typically been attributed to their need for water. However, in this study, tissue feeding regularly occurred even though coccinellid larvae had constant access to water and a daily ad libitum supply of aphids. We suggest that, in addition to environmental conditions, the physiological state of the zoophytophagous species will influence the probability of plant feeding.
Pressure ulcers and occipital alopecia in Operation Iraqi Freedom polytrauma casualties.

ABSTRACT Objective: Several of the casualties from Operation Iraqi Freedom arriving at one Veterans Administration (VA) polytrauma rehabilitation center (PRC) were noted to have occipital pressure ulcers or hair loss. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of pressure-related injuries in VA PRC admissions. Methods: A retrospective review of admissions from active duty from 2004 to 2006 was performed. Results: Thirty-eight percent of admissions to this VA PRC had pressure-related injuries on the day of admission. Casualties from Iraq had a higher rate of pressure ulcers (53%) than did those from elsewhere (22%). Occipital lesions constituted 50% of non-stage I pressure ulcers and were more severe than those of the sacrum or extremities. Conclusions: Further epidemiological research should be performed to identify risk factors for pressure injury in the military continuum of care, by linking specific military medical evacuation and treatment processes and characteristics of...
Integrating Insults: Using Fault Tree Analysis to Guide Schizophrenia Research across Levels of Analysis

The grand challenges of schizophrenia research are linking the causes of the disorder to its symptoms and finding ways to overcome those symptoms. We argue that the field will be unable to address these challenges within psychiatry’s standard neo-Kraepelinian (DSM) perspective. At the same time the current corrective, based in molecular genetics and cognitive neuroscience, is also likely to flounder due to its neglect for psychiatry’s syndromal structure. We suggest adopting a new approach long used in reliability engineering, which also serves as a synthesis of these approaches. This approach, known as fault tree analysis, can be combined with extant neuroscientific data collection and computational modeling efforts to uncover the causal structures underlying the cognitive and affective failures in people with schizophrenia as well as other complex psychiatric phenomena. By making explicit how causes combine from basic faults to downstream failures, this approach makes affordances for: (1) causes that are neither necessary nor sufficient in and of themselves; (2) within-diagnosis heterogeneity; and (3) between diagnosis co-morbidity.
Management of Menopausal Symptoms

Most menopausal women experience vasomotor symptoms with bothersome symptoms often lasting longer than one decade. Hormone therapy (HT) represents the most effective treatment for these symptoms with oral and transdermal estrogen formulations having comparable efficacy. Findings from the Women's Health Initiative and other recent randomized clinical trials have helped to clarify the benefits and risks of combination estrogen-progestin and estrogen-alone therapy. Absolute risks observed with HT tended to be small, especially in younger women. Neither regimen increased all-cause mortality rates. Given the lower rates of adverse events on HT among women close to menopause onset and at lower baseline risk of cardiovascular disease, risk stratification and personalized risk assessment appear to represent a sound strategy for optimizing the benefit-risk profile and safety of HT. Systemic HT should not be arbitrarily stopped at age 65 years; instead treatment duration should be individualized based on patients' risk profiles and personal preferences. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause represents a common condition that adversely affects the quality of life of many menopausal women. Without treatment, symptoms worsen over time. Low-dose vaginal estrogen represents highly effective treatment for this condition. Because custom-compounded hormones have not been tested for efficacy or safety, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved HT is preferred. A low-dose formulation of paroxetine mesylate currently represents the only nonhormonal medication FDA-approved to treat vasomotor symptoms. Gynecologists and other clinicians who remain abreast of data addressing the benefit-risk profile of hormonal and nonhormonal treatments can help menopausal women make sound choices regarding management of menopausal symptoms.
Directional Selection and Heritability for Pupal Weight in the Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Two factory production strains of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were subjected to directional selection for increasing or decreasing pupal weight at 4 days. After seven or eight cycles of mass selection, average pupal weight increased from 50 mg to 75 to 80 mg in heavy pupae lines, with heritabilities of ca. 0.60. In the light pupae lines decreases of ca. 5 mg were realized, with heritabilities of ca. 0.15. Pupal weight was positively correlated with development time, egg mass size, body length and width, and wing area. A mark-release-recapture experiment indicated that heavy and normal-sized flies dispersed and survived about the same.
Multiple antigens of Yersinia pestis delivered by live recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains elicit protective immunity against plague

Based on our improved novel Salmonella vaccine delivery platform, we optimized the recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine (RASV) χ12094 to deliver multiple Yersinia pestis antigens. These included LcrV196 (amino acids, 131-326), Psn encoded on pYA5383 and F1 encoded in the chromosome, their synthesis did not cause adverse effects on bacterial growth. Oral immunization with χ12094(pYA5383) simultaneously stimulated high antibody titers to LcrV, Psn and F1 in mice and presented complete protection against both subcutaneous (s.c.) and intranasal (i.n.) challenges with high lethal doses of Y. pestis CO92. Moreover, no deaths or other disease symptoms were observed in SCID mice orally immunized with χ12094(pYA5383) over a 60-day period. Therefore, the trivalent S. typhimurium-based live vaccine shows promise for a next-generation plague vaccine.
Effect of polyene macrolides on cholesterol metabolism of the chick.

SummaryIt was shown that small concentrations of certain dietary polyene macrolides, and in particular the aromatic heptaenes, effectively reduce plasma cholesterol of cholesterolfed chicks, presumably through a mechanism which involves binding of lipids, particularly cholesterol, in the digestive tract.
The urban question and identity formation: The case of second-generation Mexican males in Los Angeles

The concept of downward assimilation warns that second-generation Mexican-origin youth in the inner city are at great risk of developing a “reactive” identity and acculturating into chronic poverty...
THE EFFECTS OF WETTABILITY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF REMAINING OIL IN THE CONGLOMERATE RESERVOIRS

The recovery of conglomerate reservoirs is not high after secondary recovery and quantity of remaining oil has been remained in the reservoirs. Wettability is an important factor controlling the distribution of the oil, it strongly affects capillary pressure, relative permeability, waterflood behavior and efficiency. The distribution of the remaining oil saturation in sections in a reservoir scale for strong water-wet and strong oil-wet conglomerate reservoirs has been studied in the paper by applying numerical simulation, and effects of sequence rhythm and depth on the distribution of remaining oil in conglomerate reservoirs have also been studied. Furthermore, a dimensionless parameter is introduced to analyze the simulation results.
An energy-efficiency polling access control protocol for wireless sensor networks

Although the energy waste is well controlled on the medium access control(MAC) layer under the periodic sleeping point coordination function(PCF) scheme in wireless sensor networks(WSN),the system performance declined and the system query energy cost increased because the node loads were ignored.Based on the limited service(K=1),an improved PCF polling control protocol,which is known as the point coordination function by the site status(PCF-SS) for WSN,was proposed.The priority of a node was variable by its status and the service K was correspondingly changed using this protocol.Therefore,the service time of the next turn could be assigned dynamically according to its status when the AP server came to service a node.Also,the nodes were awakened by a uniform service time table which was used to save their power.The experimental results indicate that the performances,such as the mean value of queue length and message waiting time,are better than when using the periodic sleeping PCF scheme.The energy usage is more efficient and the lifecycle is longer,making it suitable for the MAC protocol of WSN.
Urinary tract reconstruction in children.

SUMMARY Urinary tract reconstruction and continent urinary diversion in children present a significant technical challenge. A major commitment is mandated from both surgeon and patient. We believe that although the principles and objectives of total bladder replacement rely on basic surgical and physiological tenets, the attainment of a successful outcome also requires patient involvement and cooperation.
Stereoselective and quantitative [2 + 2] photodimerization of a symmetrical octafluoro stilbene in the solid state: Face-to-face stacking of the fluorinated rings in trans-1,2-bis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethylene

Abstract The symmetrical octafluoro stilbene trans -1,2-bis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)ethylene ( 1 ) undergoes a stereoselective and quantitative [2 + 2] photodimerization in the solid state. The olefin self-assembles via C-H⋯F and face-to-face interactions of the fluorinated phenyl rings into a geometry for a topochemical photodimerization. The crystal structure and stereochemistry of the photoproduct rctt -1,2,3,4-tetrakis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)cyclobutane ( 2 ) has been determined.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and hysterosalpingography in evaluation of female infertility

The diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic value of hysterosalpingography (HSG), laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy were evaluated in 77 women who underwent these procedures as part of their infertility evaluation. HSG revealed in 32 women (42%) evidence of tubal or peritoneal disease, and 16 other women (21%) had radiographic evidence of intrauterine abnormalities. These findings were confirmed by laparoscopy in 84% of patients and by hysteroscopy in 69%, giving false-positive rates of 16% and 31% for HSG. HSG had a false-negative rate of 13% for tubal or peritoneal disease as subsequently uncovered by laparoscopy, and 1.3% for intrauterine lesions as revealed by hysteroscopy. The data suggest that while laparoscopy is of value in detecting previously unsuspected tubal disease, hysteroscopy adds little information in the management of the infertile patient. For optimum evaluation, a combined approach using all three procedures is recommended, especially in patients with a history of uterotubal and peritoneal lesions.
Psoriasis-associated fatigue: pathogenesis, metrics, and treatment

Fatigue, a substantial symptom of psoriasis, is triggered by complex interactions of inflammation in psoriatic disease, both directly via inflammatory cytokines and indirectly via psychological and physiological factors. We provide data and observations that highlight the importance of qualifying and quantifying fatigue among patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and underscore the need to develop novel therapeutics to target this debilitating element of a multisystem disease.
Marketing New Services

The basic question addressed by this paper was whether new services could be developed and marketed like new goods. The services literature was reviewed and unique characteristics of services that called for equally unique marketing solutions were identified. The traditional new products literature was then reviewed and the findings juxtaposed with the results of the Services literature review to generate new services propositions This paper concludes with specific suggestions for proceeding with a new services research agenda.
Stress and Reproduction in Mammals

Publisher Summary Successful reproduction in mammals, as in other vertebrates, requires coordination among behavioral and physiological processes so that the act of mating occurs coincident with physiological readiness to produce offspring. In the male, successful reproduction requires the maintenance of spermatogenesis and appropriate mating activity. In the female, ovulation and mating must occur close enough in time to ensure viability of both ova and sperm prior to fertilization. The events required for implantation and successful gestation must properly proceed, and postpartum mammalian offspring must receive nurturing so that they survive to reproduce themselves. Stress is associated with reproductive modification due to interaction between the stress-responsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The mechanisms responsible for this interaction include neuronal and peripheral events that are translated into alterations of gonadotropin secretion from the hypothalamus. Stress can interfere with any or all of these reproductive events.
Development of PCR Methods for Enteric Virus Detection in Water

This study developed a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection system for enteric viruses in sample concentrates obtained by conventional filter adsorption-elution methods. One liter beef extract (BE)-glycine (G) eluant seeded with poliovirus 1 and hepatitis A virus (HAV) was used as a model system and the eluant further processed for RT-PCR compatibility. Sample concentration and purification procedures consisted of polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, Pro-Cipitate (Affinity Technology, New Brunswick, NJ) precipitation, a second PEG precipitation, spin-column chromatography, and ultrafiltration. Sample volumes are reduced from 1 L to 20-40 µL and purified sufficiently for viral detection by RT-PCR. As little as 3 PFU of poliovirus 1 in an initial 1 L eluate were detected by RT-PCR.
"When This Breaks Down, It's Black Gold": Race and Gender in Agricultural Health and Safety.

Farmers are growing older, and fewer new agriculturists are rising to take their place. Concurrently, women and minorities are entering agriculture at an increasing rate. These rates are particularly curious viewed in light of the racialized and gendered nature of agriculture. Slavery and agriculture share strong historical roots, with many male slaves performing agricultural labor. So then, why would African American women choose to engage in agriculture in any form? Participant observation and in-depth interviews with a group of African American women urban farmers in the southeastern United States were asked this question. Interviews with seven such women revealed their perception of self-sustainable small-scale agriculture as a departure from, not return to, slavery. The women drew metaphors between the Earth and femininity, believing their work to be uniquely feminine. Production of food for consumption and trade provides a source for community and healthy food amid urban poverty and the plight of food deserts. These data encourage agricultural health and safety professionals and researchers to tackle the health-promoting nature of such work, with the entree of anthropology and other social sciences into the field. In many ways, these women portrayed small-scale food cultivation as an important component of, rather than a threat to, health and safety. Indeed, they viewed such labor as wholly health promoting. Their strong social connections provide a potential means for community-led dissemination of any relevant health and safety information.
Seeing roses in the thorn bush: Sexual assault survivors’ perceptions of social reactions.

Objective After sexual assault, survivors often reach to others for support and receive a range of reactions. Although these reactions have been characterized by researchers as positive (e.g., emotional support) or negative (e.g., victim blaming), survivors vary in their perceptions in ways that do not always match this framework. The goal of this research was to examine the degree to which designations of reactions as "positive" or "negative" fits across types of reactions and explain instances of mismatch between these designations and survivors' perceptions. Method We conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with 26 survivors of sexual assault to identify themes in their perceptions of social reactions. Results Although social reactions were generally perceived in a manner that matched researcher categorizations, there was significant variation. Perceptions could be characterized in terms of whether the reaction felt comfortable/soothing, consistent with survivors' needs/hopes/expectations, and helpful in the long term. The closeness of survivors' relationships with responders, the degree to which they were impacted by the assault, and the presence of other social reactions explained variation from researcher designations of reaction types. Conclusion This study clarifies the considerations that survivors make when evaluating social reactions and what accounts for discrepant perceptions of these reactions; in particular, they highlight that there is no "one size fits all" reaction to survivors of sexual assault and the context in which reactions occur may affect how they are seen.
Genetic Association with Ictal Cardiorespiratory Phenomena: SCN8A Case Series (P5.157)

Objective: Recognize importance of genetic testing in children with ictal cardiorespiratory symptoms. Background: Increased availability of genetic testing has led to identification of expanding SCN8A phenotypic spectrum. The association of ictal cardiac phenomena with this mutation is important in patient treatment, family education and risk of complications such as sudden unexplained death in epilepsy patients (SUDEP). Design/Methods: This is a case series of two patients with SCN8A mutations at the Children’s Hospital of Richmond. Detailed chart reviews were performed. PubMed was used to perform a literature review with no publication date limit, and English only articles. Search terms used were sodium channel mutation, ictal bradycardia/asystole, SUDEP, SCN8A. Results: Genetic testing revealed de novo SCN8A mutation in both patients. Patient 1 presented at 4 months of age with recurrent tonic seizures, ictal bradycardia, desaturations and cyanosis. Patient 2 presented at 6 months of age with recurrent tonic seizures, ictal asystole and cyanosis. Inter-ictally both patients had normal EEG and cardiac function. The antiepileptic drug treatment choice was made prior to known genetic abnormality, with resultant decrease in seizure frequency and severity of cardiorespiratory symptoms in both patients. In patient 1, seizures resolved with fosphenytoin during acute phase, later well controlled on zonisamide monotherapy. In patient 2, seizures have been well controlled with zonisamide/lamotrigene polytherapy. The association of SCN8A mutations and ictal cardiac symptoms has not been well described in the literature, which makes these cases unique. Conclusion: Children with SCN8A mutations may have dysfunction of cardiac voltage gated sodium channels resulting in ictal cardiac symptoms with associated respiratory distress. Early identification of this mutation will modify treatment and family education. The role of SCN8A in the mechanism of SUDEP requires future studies. Disclosure: Dr. Hussain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seinfeld has nothing to disclose. Dr. Morton has nothing to disclose.
Scientific Realism and Incommensurability: Some Criticisms of Kuhn and Feyerabend

Over twenty years ago, the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science heard a series of papers concerning Paul Feyerabend’s philosophy of science. On that occasion, Feyerabend defended his views against a variety of criticisms brought forward by J. J. C. Smart, Hilary Putnam, and Wilfrid Sellars. Although I was not privileged to hear these papers, my study of the published version of this debate, appearing in the Boston Studies for the Philosophy of Science, volume II,1 greatly influenced my own views and was one of the chief factors leading me to write my dissertation on Feyerabend’s philosophy of science. It is, therefore, only appropriate for me to continue the debate over Feyerabend’s work in the present paper.
Abstract TP272: A Novel Designer Lipophilic Curcumin Analog Promotes Clinical Improvement Ii Rabbit Models Of Spinal Cord Neurodegeneration and Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: We studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of intravenously administered CNB-001, a pleiotropic anti-inflammatory molecule with neurotrophic properties in two rabbit neuro-ische...
Multiscale Quantization for Fast Similarity Search

We propose a multiscale quantization approach for fast similarity search on large, high-dimensional datasets. The key insight of the approach is that quantization methods, in particular product quantization, perform poorly when there is large variance in the norms of the data points. This is a common scenario for real- world datasets, especially when doing product quantization of residuals obtained from coarse vector quantization. To address this issue, we propose a multiscale formulation where we learn a separate scalar quantizer of the residual norm scales. All parameters are learned jointly in a stochastic gradient descent framework to minimize the overall quantization error. We provide theoretical motivation for the proposed technique and conduct comprehensive experiments on two large-scale public datasets, demonstrating substantial improvements in recall over existing state-of-the-art methods.
American political development and black lives matter in the age of incarceration

What is the use and purpose of American political development (APD) in the era of Black Lives Matter? This article clarifies the APD’s role in analyzing the institutions to which the Movement for B...
Communication Outcomes of Critical Imaging Results in a Computerized Notification System

Objective: Communication of abnormal test results in the outpatient setting is prone to error. Using information technology can improve communication and improve patient safety. We standardized processes and procedures in a computerized test result notification system and examined their effectiveness to reduce errors in communication of abnormal imaging results. Design: We prospectively analyzed outcomes of computerized notification of abnormal test results (alerts) that providers did not explicitly acknowledge receiving in the electronic medical record of an ambulatory multispecialty clinic. Measurements: In the study period, 190,799 outpatient visits occurred and 20,680 outpatient imaging tests were performed. We tracked 1,017 transmitted alerts electronically. Using a taxonomy of communication errors, we focused on alerts in which errors in acknowledgment and reception occurred. Unacknowledged alerts were identified through electronic tracking. Among these, we performed chart reviews to determine any evidence of documented response, such as ordering a follow-up test or consultation. If no response was documented, we contacted providers by telephone to determine their awareness of the test results and any follow-up action they had taken. These processes confirmed the presence or absence of alert reception. Results: Providers failed to acknowledge receipt of over one-third (368 of 1,017) of transmitted alerts. In 45 of these cases (4% of abnormal results), the imaging study was completely lost to follow-up 4 weeks after the date of study. Overall, 0.2% of outpatient imaging was lost to follow-up. The rate of lost to follow-up imaging was 0.02% per outpatient visit. Conclusion: Imaging results continue to be lost to follow-up in a computerized test result notification system that alerted physicians through the electronic medical record. Although comparison data from previous studies are limited, the rate of results lost to follow-up appears to be lower than that reported in systems that do not use information technology comparable to what we evaluated.