cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breast and cervical cancer screening among Chinese American women.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe breast and cervical cancer screening knowledge and practices of a representative sample of Chinese American women and to examine the factors associated with screening practices. Description of study: A random sample of 332 Chinese American women, 40 to 69 years of age, from the Chinatown area of Chicago, Illinois, were interviewed face to face, using both Chinese Mandarin (or Putunghua) and Cantonese versions of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Cancer Control Supplement Questionnaire. Knowledge and use of mammogram, clinical breast examination (CBE), breast self-examination (BSE), and Pap smear test were assessed. Results: The results showed a low level of knowledge of cancer screening tests and low use rates. Multiple logistics regression analysis showed that women with spoken English fluency were more likely to have knowledge and use of CBE, BSE, Pap test, and mammograms. Women with better than an elementary education were more likely to have knowledge and use of CBE, BSE, and Pap test. The source of medical care was statistically significant for having had a mammogram. Knowledge of cancer warning signs and symptoms was significant for knowledge of mammogram and BSE and for the use of BSE. Clinical implications: Multiple strategies are needed. These might include the following: 1) integration of research with population-based care by physicians and scientists; 2) coordinated public health education on cancer screening and postscreening support in Chinese languages; and 3) replication of the NHIS survey methodology and adaptive application of these instruments across several states and regions, combined with the assessment of screening performance in Chinese American populations.
Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral bacteria: release of lysosomal hydrolases from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to gram-positive plaque bacteria.

Abstract The purpose was to ascertain whether Gram-positive bacteria derived from dental plaque could stimulate the release of lysosomal enzymes from rabbit peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Microorganisms which were capable of inducing periodontal syndromes in experimental animals and of synthesizing extracellular polysaccharides were capable of triggering hydrolase release from PMNs. On the other hand, bacteria which did not produce extracellular polysaccharides under the conditions employed were relatively inactive in inducing a PMN-release response. Lysosome release resulting from bacterial-PMN interactions may be one important mechanism in the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontal disease.
The Long-Term Course of Multifocal Choroiditis (Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis)

We studied 40 patients with the presumed ocular histoplasmosis triad for ten to 15 years. Another patient developed the choroidal features of the syndrome in previously normal eyes. The basic lesion is a nodular choroidal infiltrate that evolves from clinically and angiographically normal retina. It is initially hypofluorescent and has an overlying serous detachment. It evolves through episodes of serous detachment and hyperfluorescence into a choroidal scar with breaks in Bruch's membrane and occasional subretinal neovascularization. Seven of 42 eyes (16.6%) developed new choroidal infiltrates in choroid and retina that were clinically and angiographically normal more than ten years ago. After ten years about 50% of eyes with central scars will have visual acuity changes of 3 or more lines because of progressive remodeling and extension of the disciform scar. Nine of 40 fellow eyes (22.5%) sustained a disciform process during the entire follow-up period. One patient developed typical choroidal lesions in previously normal fundi. Results of extensive physical and laboratory tests for histoplasmosis and other diseases were normal.
“You gotta know the territory”: the work of James “Pete” Shortridge (thus far)

What unifies James “Pete” Shortridge's work has long been a love of understanding places. Sometimes, he has explored concrete details of their settlement and population, while at others, he has del...
The effects of various methods of cervical stimulation on continuation of prolactin surges in rats.

Ahstract. In rats, the induction of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy is dependent upon the number of penile intromissions as well as the interintromission interval. The mating-induced stimulation of the uterine cervix is “stored” within the brain and repetitively expressed as two daily surges of prolactin for at least 10 days. It has been reported that the prolactin surges persist for only 6 days if the uterine cervices of ovariectomized (OVX) rats are stimulated artificially (CS). The present study demonstrates the effects of different methods of CS on prolongation of nocturnal (N) and diurnal (D) surges of prolactin secretion through Day 10 in OVX rats. Female rats were permitted to mate with males from proestrus through estrus, or received a mechanical (glass rod) or electrical stimulus of the uterine cervix at 1700 hr proestrus. All animals were OVX on the morning of estrus and blood was sampled by decapitation 10 days later. Both N and D surges of prolactin were present on Day 10 in mated rats or rats receiving a mechanical CS on proestrus. However, rats stimulated electrically on proestrus had neither N nor D surges of prolactin on Day 10. On the other hand, a second electrical stimulus on the morning of estrus prior to OVX induced prolactin surges which persisted through Day 10. Similar results were obtained in rats whose uterine cervices were artificially stimulated 14 days after OVX. However, N surges, when significantly elevated, were smaller than those of acutely OVX rats and D surges were present in only a small proportion of the animals sampled on Day 10. These results suggest that the stimulus provided by penile intromission can account for the induction and persistence of daily prolactin surges independently of ovarian support and that this physiological stimulus can be simulated by electrical or mechanical stimulation of the uterine cervix at appropriate intervals.
Magnetoresistance of dilute solutions of Fe in CuNi alloys

Abstract The longitudinal magnetoresistance of Cu 1− x Ni x alloys with x = 0.06 0.12 0.23 and 300 ppm ⩽ Fe ⩽ 1100 ppm has been measured in fields up to 85 kG. In every case the Fe-bearing samples showed a negative contribution to the magnetoresistance. This result correlates very well with the depths of the minima in the electrical resistivity.
Examination of group-velocity criterion for breakdown of vortex flow in a divergent duct

A group‐velocity criterion for vortex breakdown implied by wave trapping theory is applied to vortex flows in a slightly divergent duct that exhibits breakdown. The group velocities for both symmetric (n=0) and nonsymmetric (n=±1) modes of wave propagation are calculated for the experimental data. It is found that the flow ahead of the breakdown region is always supercritical and stable to these modes of disturbances. However, the flow field behind the breakdown region may be either supercritical or subcritical to the modes n=0 and n=1, and always supercritical to mode n=−1. The flow field behind this breakdown region is unstable to the asymmetric mode disturbance (n=1) for a finite range of wavenumbers. The calculated frequencies of the unstable disturbances are in good agreement with the frenquencies obtained from the experimental measurements.
The porphyrias: Clinical and laboratory aspects

The porphyrias, a group of diseases caused by enzyme deficiencies in the heme biosynthetic pathway, are reviewed. The clinical features and pathophysiology of each porphyria are discussed. Analytical techniques used in both screening and definitive investigations are reviewed. The final sections integrate the previous information to provide a protocol to assist in planning the investigation of any particular case of porphyria according to clinical presentation and in interpreting the results of laboratory investigations.
Regulation of cholesterol synthesis in L1210 murine leukemia cells by dietary cholesterol

Abstract Studies were undertaken to measure cholesterol synthesis by L 1210 murine leukemia cells and to determine if there is modulation of the rate of cholesterol synthesis by the content of cholesterol in the diets of the host animals. When the animals were fed a cholesterol-free diet for 6 weeks , the L 1210 leukemia cells synthesized digitonin-precipitable sterols from [2- 14 C] acetate at rates that were 2–3 fold greater than cells from animals fed a 5% cholesterol diet. This difference was also evident after only 2 weeks of feeding. The total and free cholesterol content of the cell-free ascites fluid of the animals fed the 5% cholesterol diet was higher than the ascites fluid of the animals fed the cholesterol-free diet. However, there were no differences in the cholesterol content of the L 1210 cells from the two diet groups. These results suggest that there is dietary regulation of the rate of cholesterol synthesis by L 1210 leukemia cells.
Methyl farnesoate controls adult male morphogenesis in the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii

Abstract Adult male crayfish Procambarus clarkii exist in two morphotypes. They continue to molt as adults, switching between Form Is and Form IIs. Form Is are primary reproductive types, with large chelae and spines on the ischiopodites of the third and fourth pair of walking legs. Form IIs are non-reproductive types with smaller chelae and no spines on the ischiopodites. We investigated the hormonal control of these transitions in two ways, by eyestalk ablation and by methyl farnesoate (MF) treatments. Eyestalk ablation accelerates molting and increases MF levels in the blood. MF is a hormone that regulates both reproduction and morphogenesis. MF concentrations were determined in two ways. The hemolymph samples were extracted first, then purified, using normal phase HPLC. The fractions containing MF were collected and analyzed for MF concentration, utilizing both internal and external standards by GC/MS. The other hemolymph samples were analyzed from individual animals by HPLC. The concentrations of ecdysteroids were determined by radioimmunoassay. In the control animals, 4 out of 4 untreated Form I males molted into Form II, while 6 out of 7 Form IIs molted into Form Is. Eight of 8 ablated Form Is molted into Form IIs as expected, while 5 of 5 ablated Form IIs molted into Form IIs, instead of Form Is. MF treatment of intact animals resulted in 6 of 7 Form Is becoming Form IIs and 5 of 6 Form IIs becoming Form IIs. These results were highly significant in comparison of Form I and IIs in each treatment (eyestalk intact, eyestalk ablated and eyestalk intact with MF) by a chi square analysis, P = 0.006 , P 0.0005 , and P = 0.013 , respectively. MF premolt blood levels suggested that Form IIs were produced in the presence of 1.3 ng/ml MF, while Form Is result from MF levels less than 0.5 ng/ml. Since both eyestalk ablation and MF treatment resulted in the failure of Form IIs becoming Form Is, it was concluded that the control of morphogenesis of primary reproductives (Form Is) depends on a low level of MF prior to the molt, while Form IIs are formed in the presence of increased levels of MF.
SystemSens: a tool for monitoring usage in smartphone research deployments

By deploying several research applications, we found that capturing usage context (e.g., CPU and memory) is highly valuable for debugging and interpreting results, even if that context information appears unrelated to the application. We have developed a general tool called SystemSens to help researchers capture usage context in their deployments in an extendible way. This paper describes and motivates the design choices underlying our tool and evaluates its overheads in terms of phone resources and data.
Composites with multiple cutouts

Abstract An experimental and analytical study of composite coupons and panels with multiple cutouts are presented. Coupons with circular and rectangular cutouts with aligned and staggered hole configurations were examined under tensile loads. Two- and three-dimensional finite element anlaysis is utilized to predict in-plane and interlaminar stress response, respectively. A stiffened hat panel is selected as the structural component to illustrate the effects of cutouts in actual composite parts. Throughout testing, C-scans and X-ray photographs were utilized to document the damage formation. Both numerical and experimental results highlighted the presence of reduced stress fields in the vicinity of the rectangular cutout versus the circular.
Interference-free two-photon LIF imaging of atomic hydrogen in flames using picosecond excitation

Abstract Interference-free, two-photon-excited planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of atomic hydrogen is demonstrated in steady premixed methane flames. PLIF measurements of atomic hydrogen present a challenge because of the relatively weak two-photon absorption cross-sections and the nonlinear dependence of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) signal on laser intensity. Previous two-photon LIF measurements of atomic hydrogen in hydrocarbon flames using nanosecond laser excitation have identified complications from photolytic production of hydrogen atoms by the excitation laser. Recent results from line-imaging studies in our laboratory indicate a significant advantage to using picosecond excitation for imaging atomic hydrogen with negligible photolytic interference. In the current study, we extend our capabilities for interference-free PLIF imaging of atomic hydrogen in steady premixed CH 4 / O 2 / N 2 flames. Peak single-shot signal-to-noise ratios of approximately 6–8 are achieved, and the estimated single-shot detection limit is on the order of 10 16 cm - 3 . Avoidance of interference and stimulated emission and the effects of fluorescence quenching are discussed. Averaged composite PLIF images are generated by combining images from multiple axial locations in the flame. The images show enhanced number densities of atomic hydrogen near the flame tip, in accordance with numerical predictions of diffusional focusing of H-atoms resulting from the sharp curvature of the flame front.
Filament contact within situ Nb3Sn superconducting wire

Experimental evidence is presented which indicates that the Nb3Sn filaments withinin situ prepared Nb3Sn-Cu superconducting wire are welded together at point contacts along a thin annular region which borders the surface of the original tin supply. For wires with tin added from an external plated layer the welded annular region lies near the outside diameter just below the original tin plate, whereas for wires with the tin added from an internal core the annular region lies along the original core hole. This welded region is expected to increase the a.c. loss characteristics of these wires. A possible cause of the welded annular region and methods for its elimination are discussed.
Studies on the leaf of Salvia leucophylla.

A report of the results of an investigation of the leaves of a wild‐growing California Sage which were offered on the market during the early part of World War II and were determined by the senior author as Salvia leucophylla Greene. This paper includes a pharmacognostical description of the physical characteristics of the leaves, the histology of the leaf blade and petiole and an initial report on the volatile constituents of the leaves.
Albumin survival in patients with massive small-bowel resection.

The effect of removal of major portions of proximal and distal small intestine on albumin degradation was studied in 3 patients, 2 to 12 years after resection.
The EPR paradox revisited

Abstract Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) argued in 1935 that quantum mechanics fails to give an adequate description of physical reality, and also cannot give a consistent wave-function description of certain phenomena. We show that a calculation based upon the reduced density matrix removes the formal inconsistency pointed out by EPR. The spirit of the present paper is that of a pedagogical review.
Unions, firms, and the return to seniority

Wages generally rise more slowly with experience in union than in nonunion settings. It has been argued that the lower slope of the earnings profiles reflects the preferences of the median worker. It is shown in this paper that the median worker model (assuming a median worker exists) does not lead to a uniformly less steeply sloped earnings profile. Instead, the lower return to seniority reflects the firm’s rational response to the union’s monopoly power. Thus, the lower slope in unionized firms reflects the objectives of firms, not unions, in the bargaining process.
The mass of spiral galaxy halos

A discussion is presented of previous and current work on the determination of the mass distribution of spiral galaxy halos. The two most common tools utilized to determine the mass of spiral galaxies, i.e., companion galaxies and rotation curves are discussed. The most recent research of companion galaxies, which probes the potential to larger distances and utilizes more accurate dynamic modeling, demonstrates that isolated late-type galaxies do have very large dark-matter halos.
Laser ablation of dyed acrylic bone cement.

Revision surgery of cemented implants is indicated when mechanical failure causes severe pain and/or loss of function for the patient. Successful revision arthroplasty of cemented implants requires complete removal of the existing cement. Removal of old cement is an arduous task often causing damage to the surrounding bone tissue. In this study, the authors investigate the use of an Argon laser and the addition of dyes to enhance the laser ablation of bone cement. Methylene blue and red dye #13 were each added separately to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement powder. A continuous wave Argon ion laser (lambda = 514 nm) was used for cement ablation. Cement samples were ablated at different power levels (1.5, 2.3, and 3.0 W) and exposure times (30, 60, 90, 120 sec). The results show that the Argon laser was unable to ablate undyed PMMA. However, the addition of either methylene blue or red dye #13 greatly improved cement ablation by altering the cements' absorption characteristics. Results of Student's t-tests show a statistical difference between red and blue dyed PMMA mean ablation areas at all energy levels tested (P < .0002). As expected, all red ablation areas were greater than blue ablation areas at each energy level tested since red dye absorbs more energy at 514 nm than methylene blue dye. The results of this study suggest that by selectively altering the absorption characteristics of PMMA, laser removal of bone cement can be achieved. In addition, this study also shows that bone tissue does not absorb visible light energy at 514 nm, suggesting that bone cement may be removed with minimal damage to the surrounding bone tissue.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from the β-pinene+NO 3 system: effect of humidity and peroxy radical fate

Abstract. The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the oxidation of β-pinene via nitrate radicals is investigated in the Georgia Tech Environmental Chamber (GTEC) facility. Aerosol yields are determined for experiments performed under both dry (relative humidity (RH)
CHRONICLED METASTASES IN A HAMSTER MELANOMA

Fortner's Melanotic Melanoma #1 was inoculated into the right hindfoot of 86 golden hamsters. Three, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after inoculation, groups of hamsters underwent amputations at the ipsilateral hindhip to determine when pulmonary metastases initially occur. Upon subsequent sacrifice of the hamsters, pulmonary metastases were found to occur initially within 14 days of tumor inoculation.
Panic disorder: Its association with mitral valve prolapse and appropriate dental management

Panic disorder affects 0.75% of all adult Americans. Up to 50% of these persons may have concomitant mitral valve prolapse. Modifications in dental therapy for this highly anxious group of patients require that closely coordinated care be given by the dentist, the psychiatrist, and the cardiologist.
Intersubjectivity as a Measure of Social Competence Among Children Attending Head Start: Assessing the Measure’s Validity and Relation to Context

The present paper reported on a new method and procedure for assessing preschooler’s social competence. This method utilized an observational measure of intersubjectivity to assess the social competence that develops in real time during interaction between two or more children. The measure of intersubjectivity reflected a conceptualization of the construct as multi-dimensional and co-constructed during interaction. Findings showed the measure to be reliable and valid for a low income preschool population. In addition, intersubjectivity levels and dimensions were shown to vary with group characteristics and play type. Longer interactions were found to have higher levels of intersubjectivity across dimensions. These findings suggest that children’s social competence is not a function of individual child capacities, but rather a product of engagement in shared activities such as play. As an indicator of the competence displayed during interactions, intersubjectivity was also shown to be tied to the particular contextual elements of the interactions and reflective of the types of play in which children participated. This offers a functional view of social competence, in which young children establish intersubjectivity with their peers for specific purposes during interaction. In this way, neither social competence nor intersubjectivity is viewed in terms of individual capacities, but rather in terms of social tools that children use to aid and sustain their play interactions. From this perspective it may be possible to analyze how preschoolers accomplish social competence during interaction and to provide supports within the classroom for this process.
Pulsatile nature of growth hormone levels in critically ill trauma victims.

Background. Circulating growth hormone (GH) levels in normal persons fluctuate widely because of pulsatile GH secretion. It is not known whether this pulsatile nature and rhythmicity exist in severe injury. These data become necessary to decide the timing of supplementary GH administration for its optimal utilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the GH circadian variation with respect to that of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin, C-peptide, and cortisol in the early flow phase of injury. Methods. Plasma GH, IGF-1, insulin, C-peptide, and cortisol levels were measured at 1-hour intervals during 24 hours (8 am to 8 am ) in 10 severely injured adults with multiple trauma during the early catabolic flow phase 24 to 48 hours after injury, when patients received maintenance fluids without calories or nitrogen. Results. The 24-hour integrated GH concentration is not different from either 12-hour mean diurnal or 12-hour mean nocturnal or mean 8 am GH concentration. Pulsatile GH bursts persist in injured patients during both day and night. Pulsatile bursts do not exist for IGF-1, insulin, and C-peptide. The plasma levels of cortisol show time-dependent daily maximum and minimum levels. Conclusions. Pulsatile GH bursts persist in injured patients but less frequently than seen in normal persons. The time of bolus administration of GH to augment the anabolic GH action in patients with trauma does not matter; however, for convenience morning administration may be preferable for patients in the intensive care unit.
The seasonal and global behavior of water vapor in the Mars atmosphere: Complete global results of the Viking Atmospheric Water Detector Experiment

A key question regarding the evolution of Mars is related to the behavior of its volatiles. The present investigation is concerned with the global and seasonal abundances of water vapor in the Mars atmosphere as mapped by the Viking Mars Atmospheric Water Detector (MAWD) instrument for almost 1-1/2 Martian years from June 1976 to April 1979. Attention is given to the implications of the observed variations for determining the relative importance of those processes which may be controlling the vapor cycle on a seasonal basis. The processes considered include buffering of the atmosphere water by a surface or subsurface reservior of ground ice, physically adsorbed water, or chemically bound water. Other processes are related to the supply of water from the residual or seasonal north polar ice cap, the redistribution of the vapor resulting from atmospheric circulation, and control of the vapor holding capacity of the atmosphere by the local atmospheric temperatures.
An Economic Analysis of Domestic Violence

While economists have been studying the family as an economic unit for almost thirty years, most models have focused on cooperative family units. Domestic violence, one of the most widespread violent crimes against women, is one example of a family unit that is better explained as a noncooperative re1ationship. In this paper, a noncooperative model of domestic violence is presented. The comparative statics from this model predict that women's incomes and other financial support received from outside the marriage (family, welfare, shelters, divorce settlements, etc.) will decrease the level of violence in intact families because they increase the woman's threat point. Implications of the theoretical model are discussed and empirical evidence is summarized. The results from existing and new analysis provide support for the hypothesis that improved economic opportunities for women will decrease the level of violence in abusive re1ationships.
Precipitate flotation of copper as the sulfide, using recyclable amphoteric surfactants

Abstract An experimental study was made to identify surfactants which are effective for removal of copper from dilute aqueous solution (100–500 ppm) by precipitate flotation as the sulfide, and which at the same time can be recovered from the CuS product for recycle. Batch flotation experiments confirmed that a cationic surfactant was necessary for flotation of CuS from such dilute suspensions; however, no satisfactory way could be found for recovering cationic surfactants from the CuS. This led to consideration of amphoteric surfactants, which are cationic at low pH and anionic at high pH. It was found that a change to negative, rather than simply neutral, charge was required for efficient surfactant recovery. It was further found, through the assistance of experiments in which the CuS suspension was agitated with solvents, that certain functional groups which interact chemically with the CuS surface should also be absent from the surfactant molecule. Following this logic, Amphoterge K-2 (Lonza Chemical Co.) was identified as a suitable surfactant, provided CuS was precipitated with S 2− in excess. Tests established that 95% of adsorbed Amphoterge K-2 could be recovered by raising the pH to 11 and boiling the suspension for one hour, followed by decanting. Surfactant thus recovered was effective in a second flotation test. Foamate solids settled rapidly; such behavior would help reduce the consumption of chemicals for the pH change. Column flotation studies were made using Amphoterge K-2 for removal of Cu 2+ present at 100 ppm and pH = 2. High removals of CuS could be obtained at concentrations of surfactant above about 25 ppm, for which conditions a substantial fraction of the surfactant remains in solution rather than being adsorbed onto the CuS. The recovery of CuS would be improved by introducing the surfactant in a separate feed, below the feed of CuS suspension. Adding some surfactant in the CuS feed, as well as in a lower feed, gave an even better recovery of CuS (99.8%) at sufficiently high surfactant loadings.
Spring simulated delamination of axially-loaded flat laminates

Abstract A general one-dimensional model of a delaminated composite structural element under axial loading is used for predicting the classical buckling load, with the bending-stretching coupling effect. Two cases are examined. In the first case the delamination is such that it does not cause any resistance in the motion of the two detached laminae, due to the applied axial loads. In the second case, the delamination is such that both laminae feel the existence of a spring distribution along the length of the delamination.
Physician decision making and cardiac risk: Effects of knowledge, risk perception, risk tolerance, and fuzzy processing.

Despite training, professionals sometimes make serious errors in risky decision making. The authors investigated judgments and decisions for 9 hypothetical patients at 3 levels of cardiac risk, comparing student and physician groups varying in domain-specific knowledge. Decisions were examined regarding whether they deviated from guidelines, how risk perceptions and risk tolerances determined decisions, and how the latter differed for knowledge groups. More knowledgeable professionals were better at discriminating levels of risk according to external correspondence criteria but committed similar errors in disjunctive probability judgments, violating internal coherence criteria. Also, higher knowledge groups relied on fewer dimensions of information than did lower knowledge groups. Consistent with fuzzy-trace theory, experts achieved better discrimination by processing less information and made sharper all-or-none distinctions among decision categories.
Energy release rate and crack propagation in piezoelectric materials. Part II: Combined mechanical and electrical loads

Abstract A finite element technique is used to study the angular distributions of the energy release rates and stresses for the crack propagation in a piezoelectric ceramic because of the applied stress and applied electric field. The change in total energy is compared with the theoretical values of the energy release rates given by Pak. This change in the total energy is higher in the case of a positive applied electric field than in the case of a negative applied electric field. For high negative applied clectric fields, the strain energy of the specimen becomes negative although a remotely applied stress is tensile in nature and under these conditions, crack closure occurs.
Magnetic interaction in europium chalcogenides

Abstract The magnetic interaction in EuO, EuS and EuSe is characterized by a ferromagnetic nn interaction and an antiferromagnetic nnn interaction. We propose a mechanism for this interaction; it is an indirect exchange mediated by electrons occupying chalcogen valence bands. The LCAO energy bands are used in a perturbative calculation of the indirect exchange between two Eu ions. The calculated results agree with experiments both in sign and in magnitude for all three compounds considered.
Molecular dynamics of 300 keV (D2O)100 clusters on Ti-D

We use the molecular dynamics code DAMSEL to predict the velocity distributions for beam and lattice atoms after bombardment of Ti-D “foils” of thickness 20.86 A by 300 keV (D2O)100 cluster ions. From these distributions we estimate the D-D nuclear fusion yield. We find that cluster bombardment reduces the overall energy deposition of the beam in the lattice compared to that of the individual beam atoms of the same velocity. However, a small portion of lattice atoms (<1%), and a larger percentage of beam atoms (∼30%), have energies above the maximum present in the case of bombardment by individual D or O atoms. The folding of the standard D-D fusion cross sections over the relative velocity distributions produced by beam and lattice deuterons produce a fusion yield estimate of ∼1×10−21 fusions per cluster, with the high-energy distributions of beam deuterons playing the most important role. This is nine orders of magnitude lower that the data of Beuhler et al. While transient (∼10 fs) atom densities 50% higher than that of the initial lattice are recorded in the course of the simulation, the average energy transferred per lattice atom — 23 eV — is insufficient to support any “collision spike” explanation of the observed fusion yield.
Constitutive nitric oxide release modulates neurally-evoked chloride secretion in guinea pig colon.

Abstract The role of constitutive nitric oxide (NO) release in enteric neural pathways regulating ion transport was examined in guinea pig distal colon, in vitro and ex vivo. In in vitro studies, 43% of colonic preparations exhibited oscillations in baseline short-circuit current ( I sc ), which were reduced by tetrodotoxin (TTX). The NO chelator, hemoglobin (Hb), and neuronal NO synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), significantly increased the baseline I sc in these tissues, which was reduced by TTX. In tissues without oscillations in baseline I sc , Hb reduced the I sc , while 7-NI had little effect. In all tissues, electrical field stimulation (EFS; 15 V/10 Hz) caused a biphasic increase in the I sc which was enhanced by both Hb and 7-NI. In the ex vivo studies, basal release of nitric oxide was significantly lower in colonic segments isolated from guinea pigs administered N ω -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME) i.p. compared to control tissues. Moreover, carbachol, caused a 10-fold increase in NO release in control tissues, but had no effect in tissues isolated from the l -NAME group. l -NAME increased tissue conductance and EFS-induced changes in I sc , which were reversed by l -arginine. However, carbachol-induced ion secretion was unaltered in the l -NAME group compared to control animals. The results suggest that, in guinea pig colon, constitutive enteric NO release tonically suppresses submucous neural activity and it is involved in the maintenance of basal epithelial chloride secretion and mucosal permeability. Hence, constitutive NO promotes a delicate balance between pro-absorptive and pro-secretory processes in guinea pig colon.
Relationship Quality and Domestic Violence in Women's Same-Sex Relationships: The Role of Minority Stress

Despite a large body of literature addressing relationship quality and domestic violence in women's same-sex relationships, few studies have empirically examined how stress specific to living as a lesbian or bisexual woman might correlate with these relationship variables. Degree of outness, internalized homophobia, lifetime and recent experiences of discrimination, butch/femme identity, relationship quality, and lifetime and recent experiences of domestic violence were assessed in a sample of 272 predominantly European American lesbian and bisexual women. Lesbian and bisexual women were found to be comparable on most relationship variables. In bivariate analyses, minority stress variables (internalized homophobia and discrimination) were associated with lower relationship quality and both domestic violence perpetration and victimization. Outness and butch/femme identity were largely unrelated to relationship variables. Path analysis revealed that relationship quality fully mediated the relationship between internalized homophobia and recent domestic violence.
Are there universal parenting concepts among culturally diverse families in an inner-city pediatric clinic?

Introduction Cultural competence is necessary in providing care to culturally diverse families. Numerous studies have emphasized similarities and differences between predetermined cultural groups, yet few have studied groups across cultures. This project aimed to investigate parenting concepts, which in this context pertains to philosophy of parenting and child care practices across cultures. Method Using a grounded theory approach, ethnographic interviews of 46 families representing 27 countries were taped, transcribed, and analyzed. Results Similarities in parenting concepts were found among families. Teaching values and respect and the need for strict discipline were important. A sense of community, family, and spirituality/religion was strong. Television was viewed as educational and parents anticipated opportunities for jobs and higher education for their children. Parents were more inclined to use medical treatments than home remedies for acute illnesses, which may have been linked to the finding that their providers had a strong influence. Parents feared children playing alone outdoors; distrusted nonfamily babysitters; and felt conflicted between a desire for cultural preservation versus assimilation. Discussion Universal concepts in parenting philosophies and practices exist among culturally diverse families. Providers may approach anticipatory guidance by addressing global parental concerns that transcend culture in order to relieve time constraints and the overwhelming task of being knowledgeable about all cultures.
Hyperlipidemia with hypoglycemia reduces myocardial oxygen utilization efficiency but not contractile function during coronary hypoperfusion.

Abstract This study was designed to determine changes in myocardial contractile function and fuel selection during moderate coronary hypoperfusion in the presence of elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) at normal and reduced blood glucose concentrations. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was sequentially lowered from 100 to 60, 50, and 40 mmHg in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Regional glucose uptake (GU), fatty acid uptake (FAU), percentage segment shortening (%SS), and oxygen consumption (MV O 2) were determined with normal arterial plasma FFA concentrations (Group 1) or with elevated FFA concentrations (Groups 2 and 3). In Group 3, glucose in the coronary perfusate blood was reduced from 3.53±0.36 to 0.15±0.03 m M by hemodialysis. In Group 1, FAU fell by 85% as CPP was lowered to 60 mmHg and remained depressed as CPP was reduced further; GU did not fall significantly. Hyperlipidemia in Group 2 did not alter GU at any CPP, but maintained FAU at baseline levels until CPP was lowered to 40 mmHg. At 40 mmHg CPP, myocardial function and metabolic variables were similar in Groups 1 and 2. In Group 3 at 40 mmHg, FAU increased four-fold and MV O 2doubled v Groups 1 and 2, and GU fell to zero. Despite these metabolic changes, %SS in Group 3 was unchanged relative to Group 2. Addition of glucose to the dialysate prevented the effects of dialysis on FAU, GU, and MV O 2. Thus, preferential glucose oxidation sustains myocardial oxygen utilization efficiency [(heart rate × %SS × maximum left ventricular pressure)/MV O 2] during hypoperfusion. Blocking preferential glucose oxidation by combined hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia lowers oxygen utilization efficiency, but does not compromise myocardial contractile function.
A multicenter prospective assessment of surgical findings associated with suboptimal cytoreduction at primary debulking surgery for advanced ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer

multiagent chemotherapy regimens preoperatively. Patient and disease characteristics, including age, FIGO stage and score, antecedent pregnancy, number of pulmonary metastases, other sites of disease, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels before and after surgery, and number and type of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy regimens, were evaluated with respect to outcome. Results: Fifteen (26%) of 58 patients treated for high-risk GTN underwent pulmonary resection with curative intent. Mean age of patients was 29 years (range, 19–37 years). FIGO stage was III in 12 patients and IV in 3. FIGO scores ranged from 5 to 20 (mean, 10). Antecedent pregnancy was nonmolar in 11 patients (73%). Adjuvant surgical procedures other than pulmonary resection were performed in eight patients (53%). The number of preoperative chemotherapy regimens ranged from 1 to 12 (median, 4) and courses numbered from 2 to 32 (median, 14). Preoperative hCG levels ranged from 2 to 2786 mIU/mL (median, 177 mIU/mL). Pulmonary wedge resections or lobectomies were performed via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (11) or thoracotomy (4). Two patients underwent pulmonary resections on two separate occasions. No patient had complications as a result of these procedures. Eleven patients (73%) were cured. In these 11 patients, hCG levels decreased to b2 mIU/mL within 6 to 52 days (mean, 22 days) postoperatively. Of the four patients who were not cured, mean FIGO score was 13, three had preoperative hCG levels N1700 mIU/mL, two had brain metastases, and one was noncompliant with follow-up chemotherapy. Conclusions: Pulmonary resection of chemotherapy-resistant GTN was an important component of treatment in 26% of high-risk patients, resulting in a 73% cure rate. Ideal candidates have disease isolated to the lungs and low hCG levels. However, even some patients with multiple lesions in one lung requiring more than one primary resection or recurrent pulmonary disease requiring repeat surgery may still be curable. Postoperative chemotherapy should be administered.
Individualization of immunosuppressive therapy: I. Sirolimus improves outcomes in African-American renal transplant recipients.

Abstract Introduction African-American renal transplant recipients are prone to acute rejection episodes and graft loss owing to genetic, pharmacokinetic, cultural, and socioeconomic factors. While more intense exposures to antirejection agents can mitigate this propensity, heightened immunosuppressive regimens are accompanied by an array of toxicities. Our study sought to examine the impact of a combination of sirolimus (SRL) and cyclosporine (CsA) on the outcomes of African-Americans vs Caucasians. Materials and Methods The outcomes of African-Americans treated with either CsA-prednisone (Pred, n = 90) or SRL-CsA-Pred (n = 86) were compared with 148 SRL-CsA-Pred-treated Caucasians. Results The addition of SRL to a CsA-Pred regimen reduced the rate of acute rejection episodes within 2 years in African-Americans from 43.3% to 17% (P = .004), a value similar to that observed in Caucasian patients (18%). At 2 years, the graft survival rate of 79% among African-American patients treated with SRL-CsA-Pred was similar to that in the Caucasian cohort (80%). The respective patient survival rates also were similar: 93% and 90%, respectively. Multivariate analysis of 5-year outcomes among patients treated with SRL-CsA-Pred revealed the hazard ratios of African-Americans vs Caucasians to actually be reduced for acute rejection (.22; P = .01) and for death (.15; P = .01), but similar for chronic rejection (.77; P = NS) and graft loss (1.03; P = NS). Conclusion The use of SRL-based regimens mitigated the otherwise enhanced risk for acute rejection episodes or graft loss otherwise experienced by CsA-treated African-American renal transplant recipients.
SERUM-CHOLESTEROL AND CAPACITY FOR PHYSICAL WORK OF MIDDLE-AGED SEDENTARY MALES

Abstract Submaximal bicycle ergometer exercise tests and serum-cholesterol determinations were made on 298 sedentary males between the ages of thirty and fifty-nine years in Cleveland, Ohio. 211 of the men were healthy and 87 had arteriosclerotic heart-disease (A.S.H.D.). In both groups the predicted maximum oxygen uptake was unrelated to the serum-cholesterol level. The mean serum-cholesterol in the two groups as a whole was 248 mg. per 100 ml.; in the A.S.H.D. group the level was 261 mg. per 100 ml., and in the control group it was 244 mg. per 100 ml. The mean predicted maximum oxygen uptake for both groups was 24·1 ml. per kg. body-weight. Analysis of seven-day food records of a subsample of 42 of the men revealed that 35·6% of the total caloric intake was supplied by fat. The saturated polyunsaturated fatty-acid ratio was 2·8:1. Finnish businessmen, according to a recent report, had higher serum-cholesterol levels and predicted maximum oxygen uptakes than the Cleveland men, and showed a negative correlation between these two variables. A review of the dietary analysis of Finnish farmers indicated an intake of approximately the same percentage of dietary calories supplied by fat as in the Cleveland men. Their serum-cholesterol was also similar, despite their higher level of habitual physical activity because of daily manual labour. The results of the present study and the comparisons with the Finnish populations support the view that diet, rather than the level of habitual physical activity, predominantly determines the serum-cholesterol level.
Kinetic partitioning in competitive reaction systems

Abstract The efficient reduction of NO by CO in the presence of a stoichiometric excess of O 2 requires a catalyst which selectively promotes the CONO reaction over the COO 2 reaction. In such a system CO may be said to be kinetically partitioned between the two oxidants, and this can lead to unusual relationships between the amount of catalytically active component and the conversion of NO. A general treatment of kinetic partitioning will be given with emphasis on the transition from an activity-controlled regime to a selectivity-controlled regime. The manner in which the selectivity parameter of a catalyst can effect performance in the selectivity-controlled regime will be illustrated in general and for the particular example of the NOCOO 2 system.
Shared Decision Making for Clients With Mental Illness: A Randomized Factorial Survey

Objective:The goal of this study was to test the degree to which client clinical characteristics and environmental context and social workers’ practice values and experience influenced support for client’s autonomy and willingness to engage in shared decision making (SDM), and whether willingness to engage in SDM was mediated by support for autonomy.Method:A randomized factorial survey of social workers working with adults with severe mental illness was employed. Eighty-seven social workers responded yielding 435 vignettes.Results:Hypotheses were partially supported. Diagnosis, symptomology, threats of harm, treatment adherence, substance use, and social workers’ values and experience predicted support for autonomy and willingness to engage in SDM. Willingness to engage in SDM was modestly mediated by support for autonomy.Conclusion:Helping social workers avoid bias in decision making is critical to the goal of supporting clients’ autonomy, building their capacity, minimizing disempowerment, and promoting...
Preoperative Tumor Volume Is Associated With Outcome In Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Abstract Objectives: Our objective was to analyze the impact of preoperative and postresection solid tumor volumes on outcomes in 47 of 48 consecutive patients undergoing resection for malignant pleural mesothelioma who were treated prospectively and randomized to photodynamic therapy or no photodynamic therapy. Methods: From July 1993 to June 1996, 48 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma had cytoreductive debulking to 5 mm or less residual tumor by extrapleural pneumonectomy ( n = 25) or pleurectomy/decortication ( n = 23). Three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstructions of preresection and postresection solid tumor were prospectively performed and the disease was staged postoperatively according to the new International Mesothelioma Interest Group staging. Results: Median survival for all patients is 14.4 months (extrapleural pneumonectomy, 11 months; pleurectomy/decortication, 22 months; p 2 = 0.07). Median survival for preoperative volume less than 100 was 22 months versus 11 months if more than 100 cc, p 2 = 0.03. Median survival for postoperative volume less than 9 cc was 25 months versus 9 months if more than 9 cc, p 2 = 0.0002. Thirty-two of forty-seven (68%) had positive N1 or N2 nodes. Tumor volumes associated with negative nodes were significantly smaller (median 51 cc) than those with positive nodes (median 166 cc, p 2 = 0.01). Progressively higher stage was associated with higher median preoperative volume: stage I, 4 cc; stage II, 94 cc; stage III, 143 cc; stage IV, 505 cc; p 2 = 0.007 for stage I versus II versus III versus IV. Patients with preoperative tumor volumes greater than 52 cc had shorter progression-free intervals (8 months) than those 51 cc or less (11 months; p 2 = 0.02). Conclusions: Preresection tumor volume is representative of T status in malignant pleural mesothelioma and can predict overall and progression-free survival, as well as postoperative stage. Large volumes are associated with nodal spread, and postresection residual tumor burden may predict outcome. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Sufg 1998;115:310-8)