cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract C27: Potential contributions of genome-stabilizing activity of NM23 to its metastasis suppressor function in melanoma

Metastasis suppressor activity of NM23-M1 (NM23-H1 in human) in melanoma has been established using melanoma cell lines in culture and, more recently, in a model of UV-induced melanoma using NM23 knockout mice. While NM23-M1/H1 is clearly a suppressor of melanoma cell motility, we have recently shown it also exhibits genome-stabilizing activity, promoting repair of both spontaneous and UV-induced DNA damage via the nucleotide excision repair pathway. These findings suggest NM23 proteins may also inhibit metastasis by suppressing acquisition of metastasis-driving mutations and other genomic aberrations. To dissect the molecular mechanisms through which NM23 contributes to genomic stability, this study focused on the double-strand break repair (DSBR) pathway. All members of the NM23 family of proteins possess nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity, which could enhance nucleotide availability during polymerase-mediated repair, and 3'5' exonuclease activity which has been suggested to be critical in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of DSBR. To first determine whether NM23 is indeed recruited to DSBs, these lesions were produced in the human melanoma cell line WM793 using a tamoxifen-inducible form of the restriction endonuclease I- Ppo I via a retroviral vector. Induction of I- Ppo I-catalyzed DSBs resulted in recruitment of both endogenous NM23 and recombinant Flag-tagged H1 (Flag-H1) to a known I- Ppo I cleavage site within 30 min, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The rapid appearance of NM23-H1 at the DSB coincided with that of the damage sensor ATM, and disappearance of histone 2B. Forced expression of NM23-H1 resulted in significantly enhanced repair of the known I- Ppo I-induced DSB site, shown using a quantitative PCR across the lesion, indicating a functional contribution of the protein to DSBR. Induction of DSBs resulted in colocalization of Flag-H1 with γ-histone 2AX within small intranuclear foci, also consistent with recruitment of NM23-H1 directly to DSB lesions. Induction of DSBs using the DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide resulted in rapid nuclear colocalization within 5 minutes of Flag-H1 and ribonucleotide reductase, suggesting cooperative actions of these two enzymatic activities during DSBR. These studies are the first to demonstrate recruitment of NM23-H1 directly to sites of DNA damage, and suggest the possibility that NM23 deficiency in melanoma and other human cancers accelerates the acquisition of metastasis-driving mutations during cancer progression. Citation Format: Stuart G. Jarrett, Marian Novak, Gemma S. Cook, David M. Kaetzel. Potential contributions of genome-stabilizing activity of NM23 to its metastasis suppressor function in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C27.
KNOBBY ANALYSES OF KNOBLESS SURVEY ITEMS, PART I: THE APPROACH

Companies often conduct general Employee Opinion Surveys (EOSs) to measure some features or outcomes of an organization. Converting data to results is routine and governed by the design of the EOS and the use of standard statistical methods. However, as one moves away from results to their meanings or conclusions, and from conclusions to recommendations, other factors and variables come into play. These factors and variables are governed more by the context, the presence of constraints, the intuition of the decision makers, and the actions by engaged agents. Essentially EOSs produce ambiguous conclusions and recommendations because they are “knobless,” or lacking underlying processes which are controllable by management. The theory of the organizational hologram has evolved operationally into a family of Organizational Diagnostic Survey (ODS) forms which generate sets of results representing managerially controllable processes or combinations of processes. That is, the ODS provides a set of x‐axis variables that can be employed to explain variability in EOS results, which are viewed as dependent variables plotted on the y‐axis. Every item in an ODS form is “knobby.” The relationships among the questions and higher order results are causal and structured with known interdependencies. Combining ODS and EOS allows knobby analyses of knobless survey items.
Deconvolution of noisy tracer response data by a linear filtering method

L'etude s'applique a la modelisation de l'ecoulement et a l'estimation des parametres dans un reacteur a ruissellement avec des particules catalytiques poreuses. Les methodes de calcul utilisees pour le lissage des parametres sont la transformation de Fourier et la methode domaine temps
Ultrastructural changes during the fatigue of bone

Repetitive mechanical loading of bone can lead to ultrastructural-level damage, which can lead to fracture if not repaired. Skeletal fractures result not only from a loss in bone mass, but also because of alterations in tissue quality. Therefore, it is important to also delineate how changes in tissue ultrastructure affect the mechanistic response of bone to its physical environment. In this overview, factors affecting tissue quality, in particular fatigue resistance, are reviewed, followed by examples of recent work that has identified ultrastructural and compositional changes that occur in bone during fatigue.
Quantum hyperdense coding

We present a method, known as hyperdense coding, which uses photons hyperentangled in polarization and temporal mode to transmit up to 2.81 bits/photon of classical information over a two-qubit quantum channel. Furthermore, the hyperentangled photons used in this approach are much less susceptible to the influences of turbulence than spatial qubits, allowing for turbulence-resistant communication. We compare this technique to previously implemented hyperentanglement-enhanced superdense coding implementations which have a maximum theoretical channel capacity of 2 bits/photon.
Basal forebrain stimulation modifies auditory cortex responsiveness by an action at muscarinic receptors

We have hypothesized that auditory cortex plasticity involves modification of thalamocortical transmission by basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons, and that this action may involve muscarinic receptors. In a first test of this hypothesis, we report that BF stimulation can suppress or facilitate, depending on the intensity of stimulation, auditory cortical responses elicited by thalamic stimulation. BF-mediated facilitation is antagonized by atropine, implicating muscarinic receptors. These data suggest that BF cholinergic neurons functionally modify auditory cortex by regulating thalamocortical transmission.
Canopy dynamics and light climates in a tropical moist deciduous forest in India

The canopy dynamics and light climates within a 20 by 60 m quadrat were studied in a disturbed moist deciduous forest near Bombay, India. A map was drawn of individual trees within the quadrat, the taxa were identified, and their phenology was followed from November 1984 to July 1985. The quadrat contained 14 species, the most common being Tectona grandis, Terminalia tomentosa, Butea monosperma, Mitragyne parviflora and Albizia procera. Some individuals were in leaf at all times, more so at the moister east end of the quadrat. In November at the end of the rainy season, light measurements documented percentages of total daily photosynthetic photon fluence (PPF) at 10.0% of full sunlight; 44% of this flux was due to sun-flecks whose duration was approximately 17% of the daytime hours. Values for six sites were similar to mid-day measurements along a 40 m transect, and consistent with the 94% canopy cover of the sites, photographed with a fish-eye lens. The March dry season measurements revealed a more intense radiation environment (54% of solar PPF), and 59% of the photosynthetic photon flux density at mid-day along the transect. Canopy openings were increased to a mean of 59.4%. Light in the understorey in November was spectrally altered, with typical R:FR ratios of 0.30, compared to March values identical to those of sunlight, at 1.10.
Molecular physics: recombination cool and fast.

Molecular physicists and astrophysicists alike would like to know how fast the H3+ molecular ion recombines with electrons. Fast, seems to be the answer — with an awkward consequence for the astrophysicists.
The Cryogenics of a Thermosiphon-Cooled HTS MRI Magnet—Assembly and Component Testing

The team at GE Global Research presents cryo assembly and component test results of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) limb size magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner using Sumitomo's DI-BSCCO tape conductor, under an NIH research grant. The goal is to investigate the thermosiphon behavior for different MRI operating modes, validating the cryogenic robustness of this cooling approach and its performance limits. The magnet is indirectly cooled using cooling tubes with liquid neon filling and a single-stage cryocooler for reliquefying.
Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cult...
Marketing higher education in information technology

Market forces such as downturns in the economy, and world economic and political upheavals can have a negative impact on corporate support for individuals seeking to do advanced study in information technology (IT). Despite these circumstances, a highly skilled workforce is vital for maintaining corporate competitiveness. IT technology changes continually; and people need to maintain and update their skills. Making advanced education more accessible may be one possible solution.One of the options under consideration by the Information Technology Department at RIT to address this issue is offering an array of short-term, post-baccalaureate certificates. Advanced certificates could be attractive to individuals as a way to retool their skills for career growth or to prepare for new opportunities without having to commit to a lengthy graduate program. To investigate this idea, we surveyed the approximately thirty-five members of our department's industrial advisory board, which includes an array of corporations, including representatives from IBM, Cisco Systems, Excellus Health Plans, and Oracle Corporation. Board members were asked if there would be corporate interest in advanced certificates, what timeframes would be preferable, and which topics would be of interest.This paper will discuss the feedback received from the advisory board about the attractiveness of short-term certificate programs. In addition, the impact of these findings for curriculum development will be discussed.
Scaling of serially-connected MOSFET chains

Scaling of serially-connected MOSFETs results in reduced propagation delays and power dissipation. Delay formulae and optimum scaling factors are derived as functions of capacitive load, diffusion capacitance and number of MOSFETs in the serially-connected chain using exponential-scaling and linear-scaling methods. >
Design principles for multi-hop wavelength and time division multiplexed optical passive star networks

Proposes a graph model called the receiving graph model to describe optical networks where passive star couplers are used to interconnect stations, each of which has one fixed wavelength transmitter and one fixed wavelength receiver, and wavelength- and time-division multiplexing (WTDM) protocols are employed. Based on the model, the inherent characteristics of such WTDM networks can be fully understood and alternative designs can be compared. The authors discuss several design principles and present some theoretical performance limitations for the networks. >
Identification of the Most Critical Content Knowledge Base for Middle School Science Teachers

Much has been said about what science content students need to learn (e.g., Benchmarks for Science Literacy, National Science Education Standards). Less has been said about what science content teachers need to know to teach the content students are expected to learn. This study analyzed four standards documents and assessment frameworks to identify core middle school physical science teacher content knowledge. Analysis across all four documents identified critical middle school physical science content and the relative weightings of this content. This parsimonious selection of content synthesized from these major sources provides guidelines researchers, assessment developers, and professional development providers can use in determining how to expend limited time and other resources.
A Lightweight, Static Approach to Detecting Unbounded Thread-Instantiation Loops

In server applications, threads are created to handle incoming requests. Since threads consume significant resources including CPU cycles and memory, it is important to control the number of threads that are created. In this paper, we introduce a lightweight, static approach to detecting unbounded thread- instantiation loops that may exist in a server application. The key observation of our approach is that threads are objects of special significance and the decision logic for thread instantiation is typically not complex. Our approach checks loops against some bounded thread-instantiation patterns. A loop is considered bounded if a pattern match is found. Otherwise, it is considered unbounded. Our approach is heuristic by nature. That is, it does not guarantee to detect all the unbounded loops and may report unbounded loops that are actually bounded. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we report an Eclipse plugin called ThreadBoundChecker which implements our approach and an experiment on 24 real-life Java server applications. The results of our evaluation show that our approach can effectively detect unbounded thread-instantiation loops in these applications. In particular, 12 unbounded thread-instantiation loops detected by our approach are confirmed by the original developers.
A hardwon dirhodium paddlewheel with guanidinate type (hpp) bridging ligands.

We report a dirhodium paddlewheel compound which has an Rh25+ core enveloped by four guanidinate ligands and an axially coordinated bromine atom; Rh2(hpp)4Br crystallizes as a 1-D chain with a Rh–Rh distance of 2.430(3) A and a Rh–Rh bond order of 1.5 (hpp = the anion of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2a]pyrimidine).
A reexamination of long-run PPP: The case of Canada, the UK, and the US

The inherent nonstationarity of the variables has led many researchers to use unit root and cointegration methodologies to analyze the PPP hypothesis. The imposition of proportionality and symmetry restrictions has been a common practice yet no explicit hypothesis tests have been conducted to determine the validity of such restrictions. Few of the studies have dealt with the presence of deterministic trends in the data. This study uses a long span of data and explicitly tests the proportionality and symmetry restrictions implied by PPP. A careful treatment of the role of deterministic trends in the data is also included. Copyright 1996 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Supersonic fluid flow in parallel with an unstructured mesh

An algorithm has been implemented for time-accurate solutions of the two-dimensional compressible Euler equations using an irregular triangular mesh. The code runs on distributed or shared memory or sequential machines, and is written using the Distributed Irregular Mesh Environment (DIME). DIME is a programming environment for calculations with such meshes, with adaptive mesh refinement and dynamic load balancing. Results are presented for an example of a Mach 3 flow over a step, computed with a 32-processor NCUBE hypercube.
Comparison of body-fitted, embedded and immersed solutions of low Reynolds-number 3-D incompressible flows

The solutions obtained for low-Reynolds number incompressible flows using the same flow solver and solution technique on body-fitted, embedded surface and immersed body grids of similar size are compared. The cases considered are a sphere at Re = 100 and a stented aneurysm. It is found that the solutions using all of these techniques converge to the same grid-independent solution. On coarser grids, the effect of higher-order boundary conditions is noticeable. Therefore, if the manual labour required to set up a body-fitted domain is excessive (as is often the case for patient-specific geometries with medical devices), and/or computing resources are plentiful, the embedded surface and immersed body approaches become very attractive options.
Sharks that pass in the night: using Geographical Information Systems to investigate competition in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway

One way the effects of both ecology and environment on species can be observed in the fossil record is as changes in geographical distribution and range size. The prevalence of competitive interactions and species replacements in the fossil record has long been investigated and many evolutionary perspectives, including those of Darwin, have emphasized the importance of competitive interactions that ultimately lead one species to replace another. However, evidence for such phenomena in the fossil record is not always manifest. Here we use new quantitative analytical techniques based on Geographical Information Systems and PaleoGIS tectonic reconstructions to consider this issue in greater detail. The abundant, well-preserved fossil marine vertebrates of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America provide the component data for this study. Statistical analysis of distributional and range size changes in taxa confirms earlier ideas that the relative frequency of competitive replacement in the fossil record is limited to non-existent. It appears that typically, environmental gradients played the primary role in determining species distributions, with competitive interactions playing a more minor role.
Assessment and improvement of elevator controllers for energy efficiency

In recent years, several measures are being taken to conserve power with a goal towards energy savings without degradation in performance. In this paper we develop an algorithm to achieve notable energy savings in elevator systems. Operation of an elevator can be classified into two modes-running mode and stand-by mode. We design an energy-saving elevator system capable of manipulating its speed in running mode. Speed is varied based on the load carried and acceleration based on the number of floors to travel. Also choosing an appropriate range of speed is investigated. The total travel time of the system is to be considered for enhancing its overall performance. The algorithm is tested on varied traffic patterns: 1) Non-peak hours and 2) Peak hours. The final results are compared with constant speed elevators and tabulated. This method produces a 12.35% energy savings and 5.49% reduction in travel time during non-peak hours and 5.06% energy savings and 1.32% reduction in travel time during peak hours of traffic intensity.
Investment effects of departures from governmental present-value budget balance

The paper investigates whether departures from government borrowing constraints affect the relationship between fiscal-policy innovations and changes in the investment level. ‘Break points’, or apparent departures from present-value budget balance, are then identified. Next, the investment-deficit relationship is examined prior to and following identified break points in an effort to detect potential changes in behaviour. The investment-deficit relationship is quantified by examining posterior coverage bounds of impulse response functions. Britain appears to undergo such a break around 1973. Data from this country suggest that significantly more crowding out occurred following the identified breaks: in contrast, data from other comparison countries that do not appear to have experienced breaks indicate stable investment-deficit relationships.
Channels with both random errors and burst erasures: Capacities, LDPC code thresholds, and code performances

We derive the capacities of a class of channels, either memoryless or indecomposable finite-state, that also suffer from bursts of erasures. For such channels, we analyze the performances of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and code ensembles under belief propagation (BP) decoding, using density evolution (DE) techniques. Although known LDPC codes perform well in non-erasure-affected channels, their performances are far from the capacities when both random errors and erasures are present. We show that enhancing the codes' erasure handling using published methods beats, in some instances, the BP thresholds. However, to achieve capacity, codes must be constructed to tackle both effects simultaneously.
Formal Total Syntheses of the (−)-Salicylihalamides A and B From d-Glucose and l-Rhamnose

[reaction: see text] Two formal total syntheses of the (-)-salicylihalamides, based on chiral pool approaches, are reported. D-glucose and L-rhamnose were used to prepare advanced intermediates 23 and 54, which can be converted in three or four steps, respectively, to the target compounds. The synthesis of 23 from a known D-glucose-derivative was accomplished in 12 steps and 17% overall yield, and the synthesis of 54 from a known L-rhamnose-derivative was done in nine steps and 6% overall yield. A key step in the synthesis was a ring-closing metathesis reaction to prepare the macrocyclic ring system. It was demonstrated that the phenolic protecting group was critical for inducing the preferential formation of the desired E isomer. It was further shown that the protecting group at the C13 hydroxyl group had no significant influence on the E:Z ratio during the ring-closing metathesis reaction.
Effects of Bean Diets on Concentration of Carbon Dioxide in Flatus

A REVIEW of the literature shows that flatulence may be due to a variety of causes ; however, little information is available to account for the wide variations in its carbon dioxide concentration. The amount of carbon dioxide in collected flatus samples has been observed to vary from 1 to 6(1 per cent. It is the purpose of this report to show that high concentrations of carbon dioxide correlate well with the consumption of dry bean products, and not with a number of other suspected causes of excessive flatulence. The usual suggested causes of flatulence are swallowed ‘ -� bacterial fermentation,47 diffusion of gases from the blood into the intestinal lumen, :1,8,9 gastrointestinal secneh(�, mm and the ingestion of certain types of
The association between clinical characteristics, treatment modality, and outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer

7534 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. NSCLC outcomes vary widely among patients. The degree to which these disparate outcomes reflect differences in treatment modality remains unclear. We therefore examined these associations at a medical center providing care to a diverse patient population. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients diagnosed with NSCLC stages I-III from 2000 to 2005 at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. We recorded patient, disease, and treatment characteristics. The association between these characteristics and outcome was assessed using univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression, and survival analysis. Results: A total of 482 patients met criteria for analysis. Mean age was 64 y, and 52 percent were men. For stage I/II disease, median survival was 6.7 y for patients aged 5.8 y for women (P=0.0...
Taking Technology to Task: Technology-Mediated TBLT, Performance, and Production

Over the last few decades, task-based language teaching (TBLT) has garnered increasing attention from researchers and educators alike. With a strong and growing body of research demonstrating the efficacy of tasks to support and facilitate second language development and performance (e.g., Keck, Iberri-Shea, Tracy-Ventura, & Wa-Mbaleka, 2006), TBLT has become a leading pedagogical approach. Similarly, computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has also grown as a field, with the use and integration of technology in the classroom continuing to increase (Petersen & Sachs, 2015). As these fields have matured, a reciprocal relationship has developed (Lai & Li, 2011), with the literature on tasks and technology seeking to not only examine how technology might support and facilitate language learning, but how TBLT might serve as a framework to more thoroughly investigate CALL. In light of the expanding research on tasks and technology, this review article aims not only to provide a current state of the art of how technology-mediated TBLT facilitates and supports second language development and performance, but also to describe how technology can contribute to our understanding of how features of TBLT, such as task design features and task implementation, influence the success of second language acquisition. Suggestions for possible research agendas in technology-mediated TBLT are also made.
Modulation of luminescence by subtle anion-cation and anion-π interactions in a trigonal Au(I)···Cu(I) complex.

The trigonally coordinated [AuCu(PPh(2)py)(3)](BF(4))(2) (1) crystallizes in two polymorphs and a pseudopolymorph, each of which contains a trigonally coordinated cation with short Au(I)-Cu(I) separations of ∼2.7 A. Under UV illumination, these crystals luminesce different colors ranging from blue to yellow. The structures of these cations are nearly superimposable, and the primary difference resides in the relative placement of the anions and solvate molecules. As confirmed by time-dependent density functional theory calculations, it is these interactions that are responsible for the differential emission properties.
METABOLIC INERTNESS OF OROTIDINE IN MAN AND THE RAT.

Summary7-C14-labeled orotidine was prepared and administered parenterally to men and rats. The compound was recovered quantitatively in the urine and cleared from the plasma at rates approaching the glomerular filtration rate.
Stress analysis of propellant grain loaded in composite case motor under vertical storage

Under vertical storage state of solid rocket motor (SRM), its propellant grain bears two main associate loads in a long period, that is, the heat load due to the temperature difference after the curing temperature tends to equilibrium state and self axial gravity load. By taking into account of the material properties and different loading conditions, and based on the linear elastic three dimensional finite element method, strain and stress of a SRM grain are calculated respectively under those loads, and some danger parts of grain and their interfaces are analyzed in special.
Rational Nonaxis Points on the Unit Circle Have Irrational Angles

(2016). Rational Nonaxis Points on the Unit Circle Have Irrational Angles. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 490-490.
MAGNETO-OPTICAL AND RELATED MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS RARE EARTHS ALLOYED WITH NON-MAGNETIC ELEMENTS

Binary amorphous film alloys of rare earths, (Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb and Dy) with Au, Cu or Al all show broad maximums in the Faraday rotation (θF) in the visible wave length range. This maximum is discussed in terms of d → f and p → d interband transitions. In addition there is a strong correlation of θF with the spontaneous Hall angle, an in-traband effect which also contributes to the magnitude and structure of θF with wave length.
Response to Nivolumab in a Patient With Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and End-stage Renal Disease on Dialysis.

We report a response to fourth-line nivolumab in a patient with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on dialysis. A 77-yr-old man with hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease underwent partial right nephrectomy in February 2011 for an 8cm, grade 4 clear cell RCC with extensive necrosis. For local recurrence, a completion right nephrectomywas performed in January 2012. Nevertheless, by October 2012, he developed lung and peritoneal metastases. Shortly after beginning treatment with pazopanib in November 2012, his kidney disease progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring dialysis. He achieved an
A Self-Assessment Guide for Resident Teaching Experiences

The 2015 American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Educational Affairs Committee was charged with developing a self-assessment guide for residency programs to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the outcomes of resident teaching curricula. After extensively reviewing the literature, the committee developed assessment rubrics modeled after the 2013 ACCP white paper titled "Guidelines for Resident Teaching Experiences" and the revised American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) 2014 accreditation standards for PGY1 residencies, which place greater emphasis on the teaching and learning curriculum (TLC) than the previous accreditation standards. The self-assessment guide developed by the present committee can serve as an assessment tool for both basic and expanded TLCs. It provides the criteria for program goals, mentoring, directed readings with topic discussions, teaching experiences, and assessment methodology. For an expanded TLC, the committee has provided additional guidance on developing a teaching philosophy, becoming involved in interactive seminars, expanding teaching experiences, developing courses, and serving on academic committees. All the guidelines listed in the present paper use the measures "not present," "developing," and "well developed" so that residency program directors can self-assess along the continuum and identify areas of excellence and areas for improvement. Residency program directors should consider using this new assessment tool to measure program quality and outcomes of residency teaching experiences. Results of the assessment will help residency programs focus on areas within the TLC that will potentially benefit from additional attention and possible modification.
The Lion Cub

Like all Skvorecký’s novels The Lion Cub (Lvice) has a complicated publication history. Written and re-written during the years 1964–67, the work was originally scheduled to be published in 1966. However, it appeared only in 1969, in an edition of 40 000 copies, and it was immediately bought up by the reading public. The second printing, in almost double the quantity of the original edition, missed the end of the Dubcek era by only a few days. The new regime ordered that all copies be immediately confiscated and subsequently destroyed. In 1974 Skvorecký republished the novel in his publishing house in Canada. The English translation appeared in the same year under the title Miss Silver’s Past.
Pipeline task scheduling on network processors

This chapter presents Greedypipe, a heuristic approach that quickly performs near optimal task-to-pipeline stage assignments in a multiple flow, multiple pipeline environment. Though obtaining optimal assignments is a network processors (NP) hard problem, Greedypipe quickly obtains very good assignments. While Greedypipe can be used in obtaining throughput performance in a variety of pipelining environments, its development was motivated by the growing importance of embedded processor systems that are based on having multiple pipelines on a single chip. This sort of design is used extensively in current network processors. The chapter also illustrates how Greedypipe can be employed as a design tool in situations where the effects of pipeline depth, task sharing, and task partitioning are to be explored as part of the design process. This is done for a generic design case, and a case where three flows are present, each flow requiring one or more networking functions (Longest Prefix Match, Encryption, and Compression). The chapter shows how Greedypipe can be used to obtain good assignments in an environment where the total number of processor stages in all the pipelines is constrained. New methods are now being explored to incorporate into Greedypipe performance issues related to memory constraints and contention, and in using both dynamic programming and statistical optimization techniques to obtain optimal solutions.
Results from oral gavage carcinogenicity studies of ruxolitinib in Tg.rasH2 mice and Sprague-Dawley (Crl:CD) rats.

Ruxolitinib is a selective and potent inhibitor of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and JAK2. It is approved for the treatment of patients with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, or those with polycythemia vera who have had an inadequate response to or are intolerant of hydroxyurea. To investigate its carcinogenic potential, ruxolitinib was administered by oral gavage once daily to Tg.rasH2 mice for 6 months at doses of 15, 45 or 125 mg/kg/day, and to Sprague-Dawley (Crl:CD) rats for 2 years at 10, 20 or 60 mg/kg/day. Ruxolitinib had no effect on survival, and did not increase the incidence of any neoplastic findings in either species. Exposure (AUC) was similar to or exceeded that associated with therapeutic use. Lymphoid depletion and a decrease in extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen occurred in rats, which were attributed to the pharmacologic activity of ruxolitinib. In Tg.rasH2 mice, increased inflammation in the nasal cavity was observed. Dose-dependent decreases in a number of spontaneous neoplastic/preneoplastic lesions were observed in rats, including mammary tumors in females, adrenal pheochromocytomas in males, hepatocellular adenomas/carcinomas in males, and hepatic basophilic (males and females) and eosinophilic (males) foci. Peribiliary fibrosis was also decreased. Clear cell foci in the liver were increased in females. Based on the results of these studies, ruxolitinib is not considered to be carcinogenic.
Self-assembled monolayer structures of hexadecylamine on Cu surfaces: density-functional theory.

We used dispersion-corrected density-functional theory to probe possible structures for adsorbed layers of hexadecylamine (HDA) on Cu(100) and Cu(111). HDA forms self-assembled layers on these surfaces, analogous to alkanethiols on various metal surfaces, and it binds by donating electrons in the amine group to the Cu surface atoms, consistent with experiment. van der Waals interactions between the alkyl tails of HDA molecules are stronger than the interaction between the amine group and the Cu surfaces. Strong HDA–tail interactions lead to coverage-dependent tilting of the HDA layers, such that the tilt angle is larger for lower coverages. At full monolayer coverage, the energetically preferred binding configuration for HDA on Cu(100) is a (5 × 3) pattern – although we cannot rule out incommensurate structures – while the pattern is preferred on Cu(111). A major motivation for this study is to understand the experimentally observed capability of HDA as a capping agent for producing {100}-faceted Cu nanocrystals. Consistent with experiment, we find that HDA binds more strongly to Cu(100) than to Cu(111). This strong binding stems from the capability of HDA to form more densely packed layers on Cu(100), which leads to stronger HDA–tail interactions, as well as the stronger binding of the amine group to Cu(100). We estimate the surface energies of HDA-covered Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces and find that these surfaces are nearly isoenergetic. By drawing analogies to previous theoretical work, it seems likely that HDA-covered Cu nanocrystals could have kinetic shapes that primarily express {100} facets, as is seen experimentally.
Ploidy Manipulation of Zebrafish Embryos with Heat Shock 2 Treatment

Manipulation of ploidy allows for useful transformations, such as diploids to tetraploids, or haploids to diploids. In the zebrafish Danio rerio, specifically the generation of homozygous gynogenetic diploids is useful in genetic analysis because it allows the direct production of homozygotes from a single heterozygous mother. This article describes a modified protocol for ploidy duplication based on a heat pulse during the first cell cycle, Heat Shock 2 (HS2). Through inhibition of centriole duplication, this method results in a precise cell division stall during the second cell cycle. The precise one-cycle division stall, coupled to unaffected DNA duplication, results in whole genome duplication. Protocols associated with this method include egg and sperm collection, UV treatment of sperm, in vitro fertilization and heat pulse to cause a one-cell cycle division delay and ploidy duplication. A modified version of this protocol could be applied to induce ploidy changes in other animal species.
New framework that uses patterns and relations to understand terrorist behaviors

A new framework is proposed to understand the activity patterns and relations.A new similarity function is proposed to estimate the relationships among events.The new model is proposed to estimate the importance of the features.Over-training in the model is prevented by using the LASSO regularization.The government can control the terrorist behaviors using the intelligent framework. Terrorism is a complex phenomenon with high uncertainties in user strategy. The uncertain nature of terrorism is a main challenge in the design of counter-terrorism policy. Government agencies (e.g., CIA, FBI, NSA, etc.) cannot always use social media and telecommunications to capture the intentions of terrorists because terrorists are very careful in the use of these environments to plan and prepare attacks. To address this issue, this research aims to propose a new framework by defining the useful patterns of suicide attacks to analyze the terrorist activity patterns and relations, to understand behaviors and their future moves, and finally to prevent potential terrorist attacks. In the framework, a new network model is formed, and the structure of the relations is analyzed to infer knowledge about terrorist attacks. More specifically, an Evolutionary Simulating Annealing Lasso Logistic Regression (ESALLOR) model is proposed to select key features for similarity function. Subsequently, a new weighted heterogeneous similarity function is proposed to estimate the relationships among attacks. Moreover, a graph-based outbreak detection is proposed to define hazardous places for the outbreak of violence. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework with high accuracy (more than 90% accuracy) for finding patterns when compared with that of actual terrorism events in 2014 and 2015. In conclusion, by using this intelligent framework, governments can understand automatically how terrorism will impact future events, and governments can control terrorists behaviors and tactics to reduce the risk of future events.
Adhesion Enhancement of a Gel-Elastomer Interface by Shape Complementarity

Organogel samples molded against structured Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces consisting of periodic ridge-valley and hexagonally packed fibrillar array patterns were separated employing a wedge adhesion test. We found that the complementary gel-elastomer interface can be up to 5 times stronger than a control, non-structured, gel-elastomer interface. The higher the surface feature (ridge/fibril) and the smaller the spacing between the features, the more is the energy required to separate the interface. The principal mechanisms for enhanced adhesion are crack-trapping by the structured interface and friction between interpenetrating features.
The Anatomy of a Nonfaradaic Electrochemical Biosensor

Point-of-care (POC) testing has revolutionized diagnostic healthcare, bringing medical results directly and immediately to the patient. With faster diagnostics, more immediate clinical management d...
The Chemistry of Lyophilized Blood Products

With the development of new biologics and bioconjugates, storage and preservation have become more critical than ever before. Lyophilization is a method of cell and protein preservation by removing a solvent such as water from a substance followed by freezing. This technique has been used in the past and still holds promise for overcoming logistic challenges in safety net hospitals with limited blood banking resources, austere environments such as combat, and mass casualty situations where existing resources may be outstripped. This method allows for long-term storage and transport but requires the bioconjugation of preservatives to prevent cell destabilization. Trehalose is utilized as a bioconjugate in platelet and red blood cell preservation to maintain protein thermodynamics and stabilizing protein formulations in liquid and freeze-dried states. Biomimetic approaches have been explored as alternatives to cryo- and lyopreservation of blood components. Intravascular hemostats such as PLGA nanoparticles functionalized with PEG motifs, topical hemostats utilizing fibrinogen or chitosan, and liposomal encapsulated hemoglobin with surface modifications are effectively stored long-term through bioconjugation. In thinking about the best methods for storage and transport, we are focusing this topical review on blood products that have the longest track record of preservation and looking at how these methods can be applied to synthetic systems.
Spatial variation in stable isotopic composition of organic matter of macrophytes and sediments from a small Arctic lake in west Greenland

Stable isotope compositions of organic carbon (δ13Corg) and nitrogen (δ15N) in macrophytes and sediments are useful in assessing sources of lake productivity and diagenesis of organic matter from formation through sedimentation to decomposition. Despite the increasing importance of high-latitude landscapes to carbon cycling under amplified and accelerating warming in the Arctic, the high density of small closed-basin lakes in this landscape, and the utility of stable isotopes in the study of carbon dynamics, limited data are available on within-lake spatial variability of δ13Corg and δ15N in these systems. The goal of this study was to investigate the spatial variability in stable isotopic composition of three dominant macrophyte species (Hippuris vulgaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Warnstorfia exannulata) and sediments from littoral and profundal areas of a single closed-basin system among the common small Arctic lakes that populate the ice-free margin of Greenland. The range in δ13Corg of macrop...
Cellular Target Sequences for Retrovirus Integration

An essential step in the replication of retroviruses is the integration of a DNA copy of their RNA genome - the provirus - into the DNA of the infected host cell. Although central to the retroviral life cycle and decisive for many of the biological and pathological consequences of a retrovirus infection, the molecular events involved in the integration process are only partly understood. Viral DNA synthesis by reverse transcription and the structure of proviral DNA have been studied in detail (Weinberg, 1980; Varmus, 1982; Panganiban, 1985; Varmus and Swanstrom, 1985; Brown et al., 1987; Fujiwara and Mizuuchi, 1988). The proviral DNA is always colinear with the viral RNA except for the presence of long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences at either end of the provirus which are generated during reverse transcription. Insertion is precise to the nucleotide level with respect to the viral DNA. The integrated proviral DNA always lacks the terminal 2 base pairs (bp) as compared to the unintegrated precursor molecule, and it is flanked by short direct repeats of 4–6 bp derived by duplication of cellular target DNA, the length of the duplicated sequence being characteristic of the virus. This and additional genetic and biochemical evidence (Donehower and Varmus, 1984; Panganiban and Temin, 1984; Schwartzberg et al., 1984; Panet and Baltimore, 1987) indicates that endonucleolytic cleavage of viral and host cell DNA is catalyzed by a virus-encoded DNA endonuclease (“integrase”).
Teaching Pervasive Computing in Liberal Arts Colleges

In this article, we reflect on the critical role of liberal arts education in fostering creative, collaborative, and ethical innovators for pervasive computing. We discuss why liberal arts education is important as a foundation for advanced studies and leadership in ubiquitous computing, and we share our experiences teaching pervasive computing in liberal arts colleges.
Investigation of Accessible Pore Structure Evolution under Pressurization and Adsorption for Coal and Shale Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Pore structure is an important parameter to quantify the reservoir rock adsorption capability and diffusivity, both of which are fundamental reservoir properties to evaluate the gas production and carbon sequestration potential for coalbed methane (CBM) and shale gas reservoirs. In this study, we applied small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to characterize the total and accessible pore structures for two coal and two shale samples. We carried out in situ SANS measurements to probe the accessible pore structure differences under argon, deuterated methane (CD4), and CO2 penetrations. The results show that the total porosity ranges between 0.25 and 5.8% for the four samples. Less than 50% of the total pores are accessible to CD4 for the two coals, while more than 75% of the pores were found to be accessible for the two shales. This result suggests that organic matter pores tend to be disconnected compared to mineral matter pores. Argon pressurization can induce pore contraction because of the mechanical com...
Experimental Investigation of the Performance of Low Salinity Water Flooding at High Temperature

The potential of divalent cation Mg2+ in formation water (FW) for low-salinity (LS) EOR effect was previously investigated [Al-Saedi et al. in Oil recovery analyses and formation water investigations for high salinity-low salinity water flooding in sandstone reservoirs. SPE, 190845, 2018 1], where the increase in divalent cations in FW lowered the effect of LS water. In this study, we studied the importance of the same divalent cation (Mg2+ only) in the injected water. Berea sandstone cores were successfully flooded with FW and LS water at 130 °C. While injecting both brines, samples of the effluent were analyzed for pH. Oil recovery experiments with a double Mg2+ concentration showed a lower LS water effect, meaning that the cores became more water-wet; however, the LS water effect was much greater when the amount of Mg2+ in the HS water was decreased by half.