cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On comparing the cohomology of algebraic groups, finite Chevalley groups and Frobenius kernels

Abstract Let G be a semisimple simply connected algebraic group defined and split over the field F p with p elements, G( F q ) be the finite Chevalley group consisting of the F q -rational points of G where q=pr, and Gr be the rth Frobenius kernel of G. This paper investigates relationships between the extension theories of G, G( F q ) , and Gr over the algebraic closure of F p . First, some qualitative results relating extensions over G( F q ) and Gr are presented. Then certain extensions over G( F q ) and Gr are explicitly identified in terms of extensions over G.
Does Delaware Incorporation Encourage Effective Monitoring? An Examination on Director Compensation

Delaware incorporation is popular among publicly traded firms in the United States. However, the question of whether Delaware incorporation favors shareholders is an on-going debate. This paper is the first attempt to examine director compensation by considering the role of state of incorporation. First, Delaware firms pay their directors more compensation than non-Delaware firms. Second, Delaware firms tend to hold more meetings per year than non-Delaware firms. Finally, among Delaware firms, the changes of director cash compensation, equity compensation, and total compensation are positively related to the change of shareholder wealth. The results not only indicate that Delaware incorporation appears to encourage effective board monitoring but also support the view of “race to the top” on Delaware incorporation.
The role of locus of control of reinforcement in interpersonal attraction

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine initial interpersonal attraction as a function of locus of control orientation. Subjects, previously tested for internality and externality, listened to a tape of an alleged stranger of the same age and sex as the subject. In reality the tapes were prepared to be either primarily internal or external in emphasis. Subjects were then asked to make some judgments about the supposed stranger. Among these judgments was the degree of attraction felt toward the individual on the tape. It was hypothesized that similarity of locus of control orientation between a subject and a stranger would lead to greater initial attraction than would a complementary locus of control orientation. Contrary to prediction, the results showed that both internal and external subjects were significantly more attracted to an internal stranger than to an external stranger. These results were discussed within an interpersonal attraction framework which suggested the need for a two-factor theory as the basis for interpersonal attraction.
An effective framework for enabling the reuse of external soft IP

Intellectual property (IP) reuse is essential for meeting the challenges of system-on-a-chip (SoC) design productivity improvement, design quality and meeting time-to-market goals. Recent trend in the design of complex SoC is doing a joint development with the customer, where it is required to integrate some of their IPs. In such a scenario, the usual paradigm followed for reuse has to be enhanced beyond the state of the art to meet the design goals. This paper describes the reuse framework that has been successfully applied during such a joint development program. The methodology consists of imposing a specified degree of compliance for internal checklists comprising of code quality, design quality, verification quality, and testability checks, and aligning on the goals for design verification and test coverage. Customized enhancements to the IPs to meet the SoC design goals are presented.
An Agent-Centered Account of Rightness: The Importance of a Good Attitude

This paper provides a sketch of an agent-centered way of understanding and answering the question, “What’s wrong with that?” On this view, what lies at the bottom of judgments of wrongness is a bad attitude; when someone does something wrong, she does something that expresses a bad, or inappropriate, attitude (where inappropriateness is understood, tentatively, as a failure to recognize the separateness of others). In order to motivate this account, a general Kantian agent-centered ethics is discussed, as well as Michael Slote’s agent-based ethics, in light of analysis of the grounding role of attitudes in the evaluation of two core cases. In light of these discussions, it is argued that there are advantages to preserving the grounding of the appropriateness of attitudes in facts about their objects (as opposed to Slote’s sentimentalism), while cutting such an agent-centered ethics away from a Kantian grounding.
Social relationships and ritualized greetings in adult male baboons ( Papio cynocephalus anubis )

Greetings involving exchanges of ritualized sexual gestures are a common form of interaction among adult male baboons, although relatively little attention has been paid to them. In this study, we investigate how greetings reflect important aspects of the male's social relationships, including dominance rank, age/residence status, and cooperative tendencies. The results are based on over 600 greetings among 12 adult males recorded during a 4-month study of a troop of wild olive baboons near Gilgil, Kenya. Four of the adult males were older, lower-ranking, long-term residents, which frequently formed coalitions to take estrous females away from the eight young, higher-ranking males. Virtually all dyads greeted: greetings occurred more than twice as often as other types of male-male interactions; and nearly all greetings occurred in a neutral context, in which there was no resource at stake. The percentage of greetings completed, the frequency with which different gestures were employed, and the roles adopted by each male varied significantly across old-old, old-young, and young-young dyads. Greetings between young adult males were often interrupted or actively resisted, consistent with their unstable and ambiguous dominance relationships. Greetings between old-old dyads were usually completed and appeared consistent with their cooperative relationships. One pair of old males formed a stable, reciprocal coalition against young males, and this pair's greetings showed remarkable symmetry of roles. Greetings, we hypothesize, function to allow males to negotiate important aspects of their relationships, including cooperation.
Children's Context Inappropriate Anger and Salivary Cortisol

Some children show emotion that is not consistent with normative appraisal of the context and can therefore be defined as context inappropriate (CI). The authors used individual growth curve modeling and hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine whether CI anger predicts differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, as manifest in salivary cortisol measures. About 23% of the 360 children (ages 6-10 years, primarily 7-8) showed at least 1 expression of CI anger in situations designed to elicit positive affect. Expression of anger across 2 positive assessments was less common (around 4%). CI anger predicted the hypothesized lower levels of cortisol beyond that attributed to context appropriate anger. Boys' CI anger predicted lower morning cortisol and flatter slopes. Results suggest that this novel approach to studying children's emotion across varying contexts can provide insight into affective style.
Development and validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for young adult women in the southwestern United States

The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a multicultural food frequency questionnaire1 (FFQ) for young women in the southwestern United States. The instrument was validated against 3-day diet records in 95 college women, and cross-validated against the mean of two 24-hour recalls and 4-day food records in 50 low-income postpartal women. Internal consistency reliability was assessed via Cronbach's alpha. Validity was examined via descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, and cross-classification by quartile categories. Cronbach's alpha averaged 0.75 for food groups in college women and 0.73 in low-income women. De-attenuated Pearson's correlations centered at 0.42 among college women and at 0.45 among low-income women. Cross-classification of participants into quartiles of nutrient intake resulted in 76% of college women and 79% of low-income women being classified correctly. These results suggest that the FFQ is reliable and valid for dietary assessment among young women in the southwestern United States.
Telomere length variation in normal epithelial cells adjacent to tumor: potential biomarker for breast cancer local recurrence

A better understanding of the risk of local recurrence (LR) will facilitate therapeutic decision making in the management of early breast cancers. In the present study, we investigated whether telomere length in the normal breast epithelial cells surrounding the tumor is predictive of breast cancer LR; 152 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer at the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center were included in this nested case–control study. Cases (patients had LR) and controls (patients had no LR) were matched on year of surgery, age at diagnosis and type of surgery. Telomere fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to determine the telomere length using formalin fixed paraffin-embedded breast tissues. Small telomere length variation (TLV), defined as the coefficient variation of telomere lengths among examined cells, in normal epithelial cells adjacent to the tumor was significantly associated with a 5-fold (95% confidence interval = 1.2–22.2) increased risk of breast cancer LR. When the subjects were categorized into quartiles, a significant inverse dose–response relationship was observed with lowest versus highest quartile odds ratio of 15.3 (Ptrend = 0.012). Patients who had large TLV had significantly better 10 year recurrence free survival rate compared with patients who had small TLV (80 versus 33%). The present study revealed that TLV in normal epithelial cells adjacent to tumor is a strong predictor of breast cancer LR. If confirmed by future studies, TLV in normal epithelial cells adjacent to tumor has the potential to become a promising biomarker for predicting breast cancer LR after breast conserving surgery.
Genetic and environmental contributions to cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans: The San Antonio Family Heart Study

Background The familial aggregation of coronary heart disease can be in large part accounted for by a clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors. To elucidate the determinants of cardiovascular disease, many epidemiological studies have focused on the behavioral and lifestyle determinants of these risk factors, whereas others have examined whether specific candidate genes influence quantitative variation in these phenotypes. Methods and Results Among Mexican Americans from San Antonio (Tex), we quantified the relative contributions of both genetic and environmental influences to a large panel of cardiovascular risk factors, including serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, hormones, adiposity, and blood pressure. Members of 42 extended families were studied, including 1236 first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of randomly ascertained probands and their spouses. In addition to the phenotypic assessments, information was obtained regarding usual dietary and physical activity patterns, me...
Phosphorylcholine Expression by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Correlates with Maturation of Biofilm Communities In Vitro and In Vivo

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) causes chronic infections that feature the formation of biofilm communities. NTHI variants within biofilms have on their surfaces lipooligosaccharides containing sialic acid (NeuAc) and phosphorylcholine (PCho). Our work showed that NeuAc promotes biofilm formation, but we observed no defect in the initial stages of biofilm formation for mutants lacking PCho. In this study, we asked if alterations in NTHI PCho content affect later stages of biofilm maturation. Biofilm communities were compared for NTHI 2019 and isogenic mutants that either lacked PCho (NTHI 2019 licD) or were constitutively locked in the PCho-positive phase (NTHI 2019 lic(ON)). Transformants expressing green fluorescent protein were cultured in continuous-flow biofilms and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. COMSTAT was used to quantify different biofilm parameters. PCho expression correlated significantly with increased biofilm thickness, surface coverage, and total biomass, as well as with a decrease in biofilm roughness. Comparable results were obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of thin sections of biofilms by transmission electron microscopy revealed shedding of outer membrane vesicles by NTHI bacteria within biofilms and staining of matrix material with ruthenium red in biofilms formed by NTHI 2019 lic(ON). The biofilms of all three strains were comparable in viability, the presence of extracellular DNA, and the presence of sialylated moieties on or between bacteria. In vivo infection studies using the chinchilla model of otitis media showed a direct correlation between PCho expression and biofilm formation within the middle-ear chamber and an inverse relationship between PCho and persistence in the planktonic phase in middle-ear effusions. Collectively, these data show that PCho correlates with, and may promote, the maturation of NTHI biofilms. Further, this structure may be disadvantageous in the planktonic phase.
Lower-Priority-Triggered Distributed MAC-layer Priority Scheduling in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

We propose a fully distributed MAC-layer priority scheduling mechanism, called LPT-DPS (Lower-Priority-Triggered Distributed Priority Scheduling), for wireless ad hoc networks. LPT-DPS can allocate channel bandwidth to flows with different priorities in such a way that the higher the priority level of the flow, the higher the bandwidth that the flow acquires. Using extensive simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LPT-DPS in delivering the high priority traffic even when the low priority traffic is overwhelming.
Call to Action: Embracing an Inclusive LGBTQ Culture on Community College Campuses.

Many community colleges are unwelcoming to LGBTQ students and this chapter provides practical suggestions to community college leaders to develop a more inclusive campus culture.
Technical Advantages for Weak-Value Amplification

We consider different types of technical noise in an optical context and show that weak-value amplification techniques (using a small fraction of photons) compare favourably with standard techniques (using all of them). We measure small beam deflections of an optical beam by monitoring the dark port in a Sagnac interferometer (weak-value technique) or by focusing the entire beam onto a split detector (standard technique). In all cases, the weak-value technique performs favourable in precision respect to the standard technique.
Abstract B143: Physical activity and risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal Chinese women

B143 Physical inactivity has emerged as a probable risk factor for post-menopausal breast cancer but our understanding of the type and amount of activity that confers benefit, and the influence of body size on activity associations, remains incomplete. In the Shanghai Women9s Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 75,000 women, we examined associations between specific types, intensities, and amounts of physical activity and risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. We also described the joint-effects of activity levels and body-size on risk. Physical activity at home, work, for transportation and in leisure-time, and relevant covariates, were assessed by in-person interview. Height and body mass were measured. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR [95% CI]) while adjusting for demographic characteristics and major breast cancer risk factors. This analysis includes postmenopausal women without a history of heart disease, stroke, or cancer at baseline and complete covariate data (N=48,707). Over 7.4 (SD=1.1) yrs of follow-up 467 incident breast cancers were identified. Exercise participation (last 5 yrs) assessed at study enrollment at levels that were at or above the current recommendations (7.5+ MET-hrs/wk/yr) were associated with a lower risk (HR=0.73 [0.56-0.95]), compared to no exercise. Less than 5% of women reported vigorous exercise (6+ METS) and there was no evidence for association for these participants (HR=1.12 [0.67-1.86]). Also there was no evidence of an inverse association between non-exercise activities (i.e., walking or cycling for transportation, housework, stair climbing) and breast cancer. In contrast, women that were exposed to more sedentary work environments (e.g., professional and clerical work) over their lifetime were at a 30% greater risk for breast cancer compared to women exposed to occupations requiring active manual work. Women that were least active at work and that also did not exercise at recommended levels were at nearly a two-fold greater risk for breast cancer (HR=1.89 [1.23-2.90]), compared to women that were active at work and in leisure-time. In terms of modification of the activity effects by body size, women with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the median level (23.9 kg/m2) that did not exercise at recommended levels were at higher risk (HR=1.66 [1.16-2.37]), but women in this BMI category that exercised at higher levels were not (HR=1.07 [0.68-1.68]), both compared to lean ( Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B143.
Application of high-performance computing to the management of social science and demographic data

The costs of conducting censuses and surveys have always been high. Nonetheless, demographic, social, environmental, and health scientists have found it possible to gather quantities of data that far exceed the capabilities of any contemporary computing technology to extract fully the information contained in the data. Recent developments in computing and information science technology offer the promise of supporting innovative approaches to managing and analyzing data that can dramatically increase the ease of access to the information hidden within these data. This presentation describes a highly integrated system of data, metadata, instructional tutorials, hardware, and software designed to minimize the technical barriers to working with large and complex data sets. The objective is to provide easy, low-cost, fast, and meaningful access to these data for a broad spectrum of users.
Tracheobronchial plasma cell granuloma.

Plasma cell granuloma is a very uncommon lesion which affects young adults and children usually as an asymptomatic parenchylmal lesion. Its cause is not yet understood. This report concerns the second reported instance in which such a lesion was found in the trachea and the method by which a large tracheal defect was closed.
Baron, D. 2003. The Beast in the Garden. A Modern Parable of Man and Nature. W. W. Norton, New York, 277 pp. ISBN 0-393-05807-7, price (hardbound), $24.95

D. Baron 2003. The Beast in the Garden. A Modern Parable of Man and Nature. W. W. Norton, New York, 277 pp. ISBN 0-393-05807-7, price (hardbound), $24.95. A friend of mine who lived outside of Boulder, Colorado, once told me of a neighbor who returned home to find that a puma had cached a deer kill under her porch. The University official who greeted the Conservation Biology annual meetings in Bozeman told us that the previous day a puma had bitten the head off someone's pet cat. I thought these 2 incidents were curious and amusing in a mammalogist-sort-of-way until I read David Baron's book. I now think that these incidents are grim pieces in the puzzle assembled for us in The Beast in the Garden . The book opens with an account of the discovery of the body of a high school runner killed by a puma—the 1st adult human known to have been killed and eaten by a puma in a century. The puma, a young adult male, was found to have fragments of a human heart in its stomach. In this book, the author sets out to explain why an animal said to be timid and afraid of humans has become a predator of humans. His answer, laid out in great detail, details the changes in land use, demography, and human values on the Front Range of the Rockies, and …
Multistatic radar exploitation of forward scattering nulls

This paper addresses the exploitation of forward scattering nulls in an omnidirectional range-only multistatic radar system. The method of range-only systems is developed and linearized using a physical interpretation of the forward scattering null. The reduced system of equations is implemented for target geolocation and compared against alternative system configurations. Exploration of target shadowing and multi-target resolution is examined within the constraints of the system and shown to be comparable to the single target geolocation metrics.
Review of Mathematics Interventions for Secondary Students With Learning Disabilities

Recent educational policy has raised the standards that all students, including students with disabilities, must meet in mathematics. To examine the strategies currently used to support students wi...
POST-HEPARIN PHOSPHOLIPASE.

Egg phosphatidyl ethanolamine is degraded to lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine and fatty acids by a phospholipase in post-heparin plasma at rates of 10 to 30 μmoles/hr per ml plasma. The optimal system for measuring this enzyme contained albumin and (NH4)2SO4, and the optimal pH was 8.8–9.1. Only slight degradation of egg or beef lecithin occurred. Post-heparin and pancreatic phospholipase differ in heat stability; in the inhibiting effects of EDTA, HgCl2, and diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate; in the requirement for deoxycholate or albumin; and in an apparent specificity of the post-heparin enzyme for the ethanolamine phosphatide.
Paclitaxel plus carboplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer: a Vanderbilt University Cancer Center phase II trial (LUN-46)

In studies conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, treatment with either paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) or carboplatin was associated with an improvement in 1-year survival in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Based on these findings, a phase II trial of carboplatin plus paclitaxel was conducted in patients with advanced NSCLC to determine the activity and toxicity of this regimen. Eligibility requirements included stage IIIB or IV histologically confirmed NSCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2, no prior chemotherapy, and adequate hematologic, renal, hepatic, and cardiac functions. Paclitaxel was administered intravenously over 24 hours at a dose of 135 mg/m2 (28 patients) or 175 mg/m2 (23 patients), followed by a 1-hour infusion of carboplatin on day 2. Carboplatin was administered at a dose of 300 mg/m2 (16 patients) or, using the Calvert formula, a dose calculated to achieve an area under the concentration-time curve of 6 mg/mL x min (35 patients). Treatment was repeated every 28 days for a total of six cycles. Among the 51 eligible patients, 34 were men and 17 were women; their median age was 60 years and their median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1. Six patients had stage IIIB and 45 had stage IV disease. Grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 47% and 3% of treatment cycles, respectively. The most common nonhematologic toxicities noted included nausea and emesis, neuropathy, and arthralgia and myalgia. There were no complete responses and 14 partial responses, for an overall response rate of 27% (95% confidence interval, 17% to 41%). Median survival was 38 weeks and the survival rate at 1 year was 32%. Paclitaxel plus carboplatin, as given in this study, was found to be a moderately active regimen in patients with advanced NSCLC. This regimen warrants comparison with existing cisplatin-based regimens in a prospective randomized trial.
Short-horned grasshopper subfamilies feed at different rates on big bluestem and switchgrass cultivars

Grasshopper species belonging to subfamilies Melanoplinae, Gomphocerinae and Oedipodinae were tested for their feeding rate on three types of grass. All grasshopper species were offered Shawnee and Kanlow cultivars of switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L. and big bluestem, Andropogon gerardii Vitman. The grasshoppers, Melanoplus femurrubrum and Melanoplus differentialis were also tested for their feeding on turgid or wilted leaves of the Shawnee cultivar of switchgrass. We found that M. differentialis consumed more switchgrass compared to big bluestem while M. femurrubrum and Arphia xanthoptera consumed the most Shawnee switchgrass. The M. differentialis consumed more turgid grass compared to wilted switchgrass. The feeding performances show differences among grasshopper species even in the same subfamily and suggest that Melanoplinae grasshoppers may become destructive pests of switchgrass planted for biofuel production.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Women's Experiences of Reproductive Coercion, Intimate Partner Violence, and Unintended Pregnancy.

Abstract Objective: To explore racial/ethnic differences in reproductive coercion (RC), intimate partner violence (IPV), and unintended pregnancy (UIP). Materials and Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional, baseline data from an intervention that was conducted between August 2008 and March 2009 in five family planning clinics in the San Francisco, California area, to examine the association of race/ethnicity with RC, IPV, and UIP among female patients aged 16–29 (n = 1234). Results: RC was significantly associated with race/ethnicity, p < 0.001, [prevalence estimates: Black (37.1%), multiracial (29.2%), White (18.0%), Hispanic/Latina (24.0%), and Asian/Pacific Islander/other (API/other) (18.4%)]. Race/ethnicity was not associated with IPV. UIP was more prevalent among Black (50.3%) and multiracial (47.2%) women, with an overall range of 37.1%–50.3% among all racial/ethnic groups (p < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, factors associated with UIP were RC [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval ...
Microcalcifications in stone-obstructed human submandibular gland are associated with apoptosis and cell proliferation.

Abstract Objective Human submandibular gland (SMG) stones are associated with inflammation, fibrosis and microcalcifications in the surrounding tissues. However, there is little information about the accompanying cell injury-repair process, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to investigate such an association and its clinical significance. Design of study Mid-gland paraffin sections of human SMGs (“stone glands”) and normal SMGs (“non-stone glands”) were subjected to stains for general histology (hematoxylin and eosin), fibrosis (Masson’s trichrome), and calcification (alizarin red) and to immunohistochemistry for proliferative activity (Ki-67), and apoptosis (Caspase-3). Tissues were assessed for areas of inflammation, calcium deposition, and fibrosis, and for cycling and apoptotic cells. Results Acini were atrophic and proportionately fewer in lobules with fibrosis in stone glands. Additionally, stone glands had intraluminal calcifications (microliths) in scattered excretory and striated ducts and blood vessel walls. Areas of inflammation and fibrosis were small and uncommon, and calcifications were not seen in non-stone glands. Proliferating and apoptotic cells were common in the main duct of stone glands where ciliated and mucous cell hyperplasia and stratified squamous metaplasia had occurred, uncommon in the main duct of non-stone glands, and uncommon in all other parenchymal elements of both stone and non-stone glands. Conclusion Stone obstruction in the main excretory ducts of SMG resulted in progressive depletion of acini from proximal to distal lobules via calcification, inflammation, fibrosis, and parenchymal cell atrophy, apoptosis and proliferation. Interlobular duct microliths contributed to this depletion by further provoking intralobular inflammation, fibrosis, and acinar atrophy.
The Hopf Bifurcation

The term Hopf bifurcation refers to a phenomenon in which a steady state of an evolution equation evolves into a periodic orbit as a bifurcation parameter is varied. The Hopf bifurcation theorem (Theorem 3.2) provides sufficient conditions for determining when this behavior occurs. In this chapter, we study Hopf bifurcation for systems of ODE using singularity theory methods. The principal advantage of these methods is that they adapt well to degenerate Hopf bifurcations; i.e., cases where one or more of the hypotheses of the traditional theory fail. The power of these methods is illustrated by Case Study 2, where we present the analysis by Labouriau [1983] of degenerate Hopf bifurcation in the clamped Hodgkin-Huxley equations.
Work-in-progress: contextual callbacks for resource discovery and trust negotiation on the internet of things

is paper introduces contextual callbacks, which allow environments to authenticate themselves to nearby devices and advertise local services in response to the reception of radio-broadcast announcements that are emied by mobile devices.
Recent progress in ASL

This article aims to provide the reader with an overview of recent developments in Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI techniques. A great deal of progress has been made in recent years in terms of the SNR and acquisition speed. New strategies have been introduced to improve labeling efficiency, reduce artefacts, and estimate other relevant physiological parameters besides perfusion. As a result, ASL techniques has become a reliable workhorse for researchers as well as clinicians. After a brief overview of the technique's fundamentals, this article will review new trends and variants in ASL including vascular territory mapping and velocity selective ASL, as well as arterial blood volume imaging techniques. This article will also review recent processing techniques to reduce partial volume effects and physiological noise. Next the article will examine how ASL techniques can be leveraged to calculate additional physiological parameters beyond perfusion and finally, it will review a few recent applications of ASL in the literature.
Entropy as a Driver of Selectivity for Inhibitor Binding to Histone Deacetylase 6.

Among the metal-dependent histone deacetylases, the class IIb isozyme HDAC6 is remarkable because of its role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics in the cytosol. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 results in microtubule hyperacetylation, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which is a validated strategy for cancer chemotherapy and the treatment of other disorders. HDAC6 inhibitors generally consist of a Zn2+-binding group such as a hydroxamate, a linker, and a capping group; the capping group is a critical determinant of isozyme selectivity. Surprisingly, however, even “capless” inhibitors exhibit appreciable HDAC6 selectivity. To probe the chemical basis for this selectivity, we now report high-resolution crystal structures of HDAC6 complexed with capless cycloalkyl hydroxamate inhibitors 1–4. Each inhibitor hydroxamate group coordinates to the catalytic Zn2+ ion with canonical bidentate geometry. Additionally, the olefin moieties of compounds 2 and 4 bind in an aromatic crevice between the side ...
Mechanisms of Viral Capture by Microfiltration

The male-specific bacterial virus MS2 is being used in this study to investigate the mechanisms of virus capture from aqueous suspension by a polypropylene microfilter. Mechanisms being studied include 1) adsorption of viruses to clean, unused filters; 2) adsorption of viruses to used filters; 3) capture of particulates formed from virus complexation with organic or inorganic materials; and 4) entrapment of viruses by a barrier layer generated by these materials on the outer surface of the filter. Batch studies were conducted using chopped filter material to quantify virus adsorption to unused filters. Identical studies are planned to examine used filters. Constant pressure studies using manufactured filter modules will be performed to assess the importance of complexation and barrier layer formation. Ranges of values of solution pH and ionic strength are to be examined in combination with varied concentrations of inorganic suspended solids, organic suspended solids and dissolved organic material to determine method and extent of virus capture. Initial data show adsorption directiy to an unused filter surface to be negligible between pH3 and pH10. Data is being collected to quantify the relative contribution of each of the other three mechanisms.
Locks, Directories, and Weak Coherence—a Recipe for Scalable Shared Memory Architectures

Bus based multiprocessors have the limitation that they do not scale well to large numbers of processors due to the bus becoming a bottleneck with the current bus technology. Lock-based protocols have been suggested as a possible way of mitigating this bottleneck for single bus systems with snooping ability. In this research, we are interested in extending lock-based protocols to general interconnection networks. Directory based cache coherence schemes have been proposed for such networks. We are investigating a combination of locking with directory based schemes. Further, most protocols in the literature until now, assume a strong coherence requirement. However, recent research has shown that it is possible to weaken this coherence requirement. Such an approach is expected to reduce the coherence overhead even further, making it an appealing one for building scalable systems.
Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy

Minimally invasive approaches to distal (left) pancreatectomy have been shown to produce equivalent short-term and long-term outcomes for the treatment of benign and malignant pancreatic diseases, including equivalent or better operative outcomes such as reduced blood loss, decreased pain medication requirements, and shorter hospital stay in retrospective studies from expert surgeons in high-volume centers [1–4]. Oncologically, lymph node retrieval, histologically negative margins, and recurrence have also been shown to be equivalent to open procedures in well-selected patients [3].
Expression of gelatinases A and B, and TIMPs 1 and 2 during corneal wound healing.

PURPOSE. TO determine the expression of gelatinases A and B and the localization of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 during the early stages of corneal wound healing in rats. METHODS. One eye each of 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats was treated with excimer laser keratectomy; the other eye was untreated. Frozen sections of corneas obtained 6, 18, and 24 hours and 3 and 7 days after wounding were used to perform immunoconfocal microscopy and in situ hybridization. RESULTS. Gelatinase B was immunolocalized to the basement membrane zone and superficial stroma, and its mRNA was exclusively localized to basal epithelial cells migrating across the wound at 18 and 24 hours and 3 days after wounding. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was also immunolocalized to the basement membrane zone and superficial stroma at the same time points. Gelatinase A was immunolocalized to the epithelium and stroma of normal corneas and was predominant in the basal epithelium and superficial stroma at 3 and 7 days after wounding. In situ hybridization confirmed gelatinase A expression by the epithelial cells and the stromal keratocytes. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 was immunolocalized to the epithelium in normal and wounded corneas. Intense TIMP-2 labeling of the basement membrane zone was noted 3 days after wounding. CONCLUSIONS. Unlike gelatinase A, gelatinase B is expressed exclusively by migrating basal epithelial cells after wounding. The matrix metalloproteinase-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (MMP)/ TIMP systems may play an important role in the early stages of corneal wound healing after excimer laser keratectomy. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:913-921)
Overcoming challenges of venous thromboembolism in sickle cell disease treatment.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common comorbid condition found in sickle cell disease (SCD) and is associated with increased mortality for adults with SCD. The pathophysiology that leads to the thrombophilic state in SCD has been previously reviewed; however, evidence-based guidelines to aid in diagnosis, prevention, and management of VTE are lacking.Areas covered: This review article will cover the pathophysiology underlying the hypercoagulable state, the epidemiology of VTE, and management strategies of VTE in SCD.Expert opinion: Providers should have a high suspicion for diagnosing VTE to help reduce morbidity and mortality in the SCD population. Unlike other thrombophilias, the risk of life-threatening anemia while being treated with anticoagulation is compounded with the potential complications surrounding red blood cell transfusions in this population (i.e. alloimmunization, hyperhemolysis) and this provides another complexity to managing VTE in this population. Clinical tri...
Prevalence of Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Coal Mining Counties of the United States

Objective Exposure to inhaled mineral dust, in particular silica, is associated with increased odds of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. We studied the association of RA with work-related coal and silica exposure in the Appalachian region of the US. Methods We carried out a random-digit dialed telephone survey in selected counties in Appalachia that had elevated coal workers' pneumoconiosis mortality. Our study cohort included men ages ≥50 with any employment history, and we assessed exposure to coal mining employment, other work-related dust, and ergonomic factors. We ascertained self-reported physician diagnosis of any arthritis and of RA with glucocorticoid treatment. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and associated population attributable fraction (PAF) estimates. Results Among the 973 men who met study entry criteria (mean ± SD ages 66 ± 10 years; 54% ever smokers), 266 (27%) reported coal mining work and 189 (19%) reported other work-related silica exposure. There were 517 men (53%), who reported any arthritis and 112 (12%) whose disease met the study definition of RA. Adjusting for covariates, coal mining was associated with elevated odds of RA (OR 3.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.1-6.2]), which accounted for a PAF of 33% (95% CI 26-40%) of the men studied. For any arthritis, the coal mining-associated OR was 2.3 (95% CI 1.6-3.2), with an associated PAF of 20% (95% CI 14-25%). Conclusion In this population of older males living in a coal mining region, we estimated that 20% of arthritis and 33% of RA may be attributable to coal mining work.
Past the End of the Catbus Line: Mushishi’s Apparitional Actants:

After evaluating some of the limitations in the reception of Hayao Miyazaki’s films as advocacy for climate change reform, the author suggests the need for a new path in animation toward animating ...
The Role of Resistance Training Dosing on Pain and Physical Function in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.

Context:Dosing parameters are needed to ensure the best practice guidelines for knee osteoarthritis.Objective:To determine whether resistance training affects pain and physical function in individu...
The genetics of dopa decarboxylase in Drosophila melanogaster: V.Ddc and 1(2)amd alleles: Isolation, characterization and intragenic complementation

Data on 46 mutations in the structural gene, Ddc. for dopa decarboxylase and 33 mutations in the αmethyl dopa hypersensitive gene, 1(2)amd, in Drosophila melanogaster are presented including information on their isolation, their effects on DDC activity, and their sensitivity to dietary αmethyl dopa. Intragenic complementation of both loci is documented, the effects of heteroallelic complementing heterozygosity on DDC activity, in vitro thermolability of DDC, and on temperature sensitive viability are presented. Data are marshalled to support rejection of the hypothesis that Ddc mutations and 1(2)amd, mutations are lesions in a single gene.
Non-sterilizing Hysterectomies? A Catholic Critique of the CDF.

In 2019, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) issued a statement that a woman could morally undergo a hysterectomy to avoid serial miscarriages if her uterus were incapable of susta...
HiLITE: Hi erarchical and L ightweight I mita t ion L e arning for Power Management of Embedded SoCs

Modern systems-on-chip (SoCs) use dynamic power management (DPM) techniques to improve energy efficiency. However, existing techniques are unable to efficiently adapt the runtime decisions considering multiple objectives (e.g., energy and real-time requirements) simultaneously on heterogeneous platforms. To address this need, we propose HiLITE, a hierarchical imitation learning framework that maximizes the energy efficiency while satisfying soft real-time constraints on embedded SoCs. Our approach first trains DPM policies using imitation learning; then, it applies a regression policy at runtime to minimize deadline misses. HiLITE improves the energy-delay product by 40 percent on average, and reduces deadline misses by up to 76 percent, compared to state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, we show that the trained policies not only achieve high accuracy, but also have negligible prediction time overhead and small memory footprint.
Compliance Management Systems: Do They Make a Difference?

Regulatory compliance is vital for promoting the public values served by regulation. Yet many businesses remain out of compliance with some of the regulations that apply to them — presenting not only possible dangers to the public but also exposing themselves to potentially significant liability risk. Compliance management systems (CMSs) may help reduce the likelihood of noncompliance. In recent years, managers have begun using CMSs in an effort to address compliance issues in a variety of domains: environment, workplace health and safety, finance, health care, and aviation, among others. CMSs establish systematic, checklist-like processes by which managers seek to improve their organizations’ compliance with government regulation. They can help managers identify compliance obligations, assign responsibility for meeting them, track progress, and take corrective action as needed. In effect, CMSs constitute firms’ own internal inspection and enforcement responsibilities. At least in theory, CMSs reduce noncompliance by increasing information available to employees and managers, facilitating internal incentives to correct instances of noncompliance once identified, and helping to foster a culture of compliance. Recognizing these potential benefits, some government policymakers and regulators have even started to require certain firms to adopt CMSs. But do CMSs actually achieve their theoretical benefits? We review the available empirical research related to CMSs in an effort to discern how they work, paying particular attention to whether CMSs help firms fulfill both the letter as well as the spirit of the law. We also consider lessons that can be drawn from research on the effectiveness of still broader systems for risk management and corporate codes of ethics, as these systems either include regulatory compliance as one component or they present comparable challenges in terms of internal monitoring and shaping of organizational behavior. Overall, we find evidence that firms with certain types of CMSs in place experience fewer compliance violations and show improvements in risk management. But these effects also appear to be rather modest. Compliance in large organizations generally requires more than just a CMS; it also demands appropriate managerial attitudes, organizational cultures, and information technologies that extend beyond the systematic, checklist processes characteristic of CMSs. We address implications of what we find for policy and future research, especially about the conditions under which CMSs appear to work best, the types or features of CMSs that appear to work better than others, and the possible value of regulatory mandates that firms implement CMSs.
Mean Levels and Variability in Psychological Well-Being and Associations With Sleep in Midlife and Older Women.

BACKGROUND Disturbed sleep is prevalent in older adulthood and particularly among women. Greater psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with better sleep, but intraindividual variability in PWB has not been examined. PURPOSE The current study examined whether mean levels and variability in PWB were associated with sleep disturbances in midlife and older women. METHODS Participants (N = 189) completed up to seven daily diaries and an end of the week assessment every 3 months for nine waves. Participants answered questions about their nightly sleep disturbances and reported their PWB using Ryff's six dimensions of PWB. RESULTS Regression models indicated that greater variability in one aspect of PWB, positive relations with others, was related to greater sleep disturbance even after adjusting for mean levels of well-being. Greater variability in environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance were also associated with sleep disturbance, but these associations were no longer significant after adjusting for mean levels of well-being. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that fluctuations in positive relations with others are related to sleep in adult women above and beyond mean levels of well-being. Results highlight the importance of considering variability in addition to mean levels of PWB.
Reduction in Hospital Associated Pressure Injuries for Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients with Provider Education

Introduction: Pediatric patients are immobilized for certain procedures such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). These procedures place the patient at high risk for developing hospital acquired pressure injuries (HAPI). The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to implement HAPI prevention interventions and provider education and to evaluate the rate of HAPI occurrence in ECMO patients before and after implementation. We hypothesized that the number of ECMO patients who developed a HAPI would decrease. Methods: All …
Outcomes After Shortened Skilled Nursing Facility Stays Suggest Potential For Improving Postacute Care Efficiency

Reducing postacute care in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in favor of home-based care is a leading cost-saving strategy in new payment models. Yet the extent to which SNF stays can be safely shortened remains unclear. We leveraged the exposure of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries without supplemental coverage to cost sharing after SNF benefit day 20 as a cause of shortened stays. Marked reductions in length-of-stay because of cost sharing shifted patients to home more than a week earlier than expected without cost sharing, producing a discharge spike. These reductions were not associated with clear evidence of compromised patient safety as measured by death, hospitalization for fall-related injuries, or all-cause hospitalization within nine days of the spike. Adverse consequences requiring hospitalization could not be excluded for a small proportion of shortened stays. These findings suggest potential for improving postacute care efficiency, as SNF stays may be unnecessarily long to ensure safety.