cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interlaboratory comparison of fluorocarbons-11, -12, methylchloroform and nitrous oxide measurements

Measurements conducted by 19 participating laboratories were considered in the reported interlaboratory comparison study. The results show that there is considerable disagreement among laboratories regarding the absolute concentrations of all four trace gases (CCl3F, CCl2F2, H3CCl3, N2O). The magnitude of this disagreement is discussed. Laboratories in Group II showed considerable disagreement among themselves. Their results were scattered within large intervals of concentration. Laboratories in Group I (using common standards) were in excellent (+ or - 5%) agreement among themselves. A systematic disagreement was noted between Groups I and II laboratories. Generally, the mean values of concentrations determined from the measurements of Group II laboratories were lower than the mean values reported by Group I laboratories.
Universal and nonuniversal renormalizations in Fermi liquids

We discuss an interplay between the Fermi-liquid (FL) theory and diagrammatic perturbative approach to interacting Fermi systems. In the FL theory for Galilean-invariant systems, mass renormalization ${m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}/m$ comes exclusively from fermions at the Fermi surface. We show that in a diagrammatic perturbation theory the same result for ${m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}/m$ comes from fermions both at and away from the Fermi surface. The equivalence of the FL and perturbative approaches is based on a particular relation between self-energy contributions from high- and low-energy fermions. We argue that care has to be exercised in the renormalization-group approach to a FL in order not to miss the high-energy contribution to ${m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}/m$. As particular examples, we discuss ${m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}/m$ and the quasiparticle residue $Z$ for two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems with both SU(2) and $\text{SU}(N)$ symmetries, and with a short-range interaction. We derive an expression for the anisotropic part of the Fermi-liquid vertex in the large-$N$ limit of the $\text{SU}(N)$ case.
Evaluation and Optimization of Research Projects Based on Grey Relational Analysis Method

Research project evaluation is an important part of research management, and there is no unified approach to evaluate research projects．On the basis of the characteristics of complexity and the uncertainty of optimal selection for research projects, grey relational analysis model in research projects selection application has been put forward in this paper. The index system of influencing research projects selection is determined. Application model and procedures of the grey relational analysis method are introduced. According to the degree how close it is with the ideal dot, the optimal project is easy to be selected out. Through the optimization analysis projects selection for research projects, it is proved that the optimal project selection for research projects based on grey relational analysis has the strong recognition judgment ability. It is convenient, quantitative, and strict. It provided a possible new way for evaluation of research projects selecting．
Mapping the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) and Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) in Western North America

Abstract We georeferenced Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) and Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) locality records in western North America, compiling diverse institutional data sets, including data from 9 US states and Canadian provinces. For the entire range of the Western Pond Turtle and the western range of the Painted Turtle, we assessed counts of distinct locations from historical data, and analyzed distribution patterns temporally and spatially. Western Pond Turtle observation records were compiled from year 1850 to 2011, and Painted Turtle records were compiled from 1805 to 2011. For the Western Pond Turtle, 2935 locations were compiled range-wide; using a 500-m buffer criterion to aggregate adjacent coordinates to assess distinct localities, we consolidated these to 2111 discrete sites. We compiled 2953 locations for the Painted Turtle, which consolidated to 1219 discrete sites in the United States using the same 500-m criterion. The mapped data illustrate spatiotemporal patterns, which ca...
Indoor Localization, Tracking and Fall Detection for Assistive Healthcare Based on Spatial Sparsity and Wireless Sensor Network

Indoor localization and fall detection are two of the most paramount topics in assistive healthcare, where tracking the positions and actions of the patient or elderly is required for medical observation or accident prevention. Most of existing indoor localization methods are based on estimating one or more location-dependent signal parameters. However, some challenges caused by the complex scenarios within a closed space significantly limit the applicability of those existing approaches in an indoor environment, such as the severe multipath effect. In this paper, the authors propose a new one-stage, three-dimensional localization method based on the spatial sparsity in the x-y-z space. The proposed method is not only able to estimate and track the accurate positions of the patient, but also capable to detect the falls of the patient. In this method, the authors directly estimate the location of the emitter without going through the intermediate stage of TOA or signal strength estimation. The authors evaluate the performance of the proposed method using various Monte Carlo simulation settings. The results show that the proposed method is i very accurate even with a small number of sensors and ii very effective in addressing the multi-path issues.
Secondary Sexual Dimorphism and Phylogenetic Constraints in Bats: A Multivariate Approach

We develop a method to evaluate the degree to which particular morphological characteristics contribute to multivariate group differences in general and to secondary sexual dimorphism for size and shape in particular. In addition, we recommend a correlative approach to assess the degree to which the contribution of characters to group differences is consistent in different taxa. We apply both methods to a suite of 12 cranial characters obtained from populations of 18 species of bats in five families (Emballonuridae, Noctilionidae, Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, and Molossidae) from Caatinga and edaphic Cerrado biomes of northeastern Brazil. As expected, a correlation usually does not exist between profiles of the importance of characters to sexual dimorphism from the two biomes if the taxa are monomorphic with regard to sex (e.g., Vampyrops lineatus, Artibeus lituratus , and Myotis riparia ); any differences between the sexes within a biome are a result of chance. In contrast, significant correlations between profiles of importance of characters to intersexual variation in the two biomes usually exist when species are dimorphic (e.g., Anoura geoffroyi, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Phyllostomus discolor, Molossus molossus , and Artibeus planirostris ). Significant constraints on the expression of sexual dimorphism exist between populations of the same species; similar suites of characters are involved in intersexual variation if dimorphism exists. Such constraints appear inoperative at higher taxonomic levels. We hypothesize that once differentiation occurs at the specific level, coadapted gene complexes and genetic dynamics associated with epistasis, pleiomorphism, and linkage disequilibrium no longer constrain dimorphism in the same fashion as in the ancestral condition.
Electronic Flash Affects Flying Moths

Normal nocturnal moth flight can be interrupted by electronic flashes. Some insects showed disorientation and altitude loss, often spiraling.
“Is it Going to Hurt?”: The Impact of the Diagnostic Odyssey on Children and Their Families

The pediatric diagnostic odyssey is a period of uncertainty and emotional turmoil for families, often characterized by multiple minor medical procedures (such as venipuncture) that children may find distressing. Interventions to reduce distress are rarely offered, despite evidence that this is crucial both for avoiding anticipatory anxiety before future procedures and for improving healthcare compliance in adulthood. We interviewed ten mothers of children with neuromuscular disorders, asking about their perceptions of their child's experiences with different medical procedures, the emotional impact of the diagnostic odyssey, implications of obtaining a diagnosis, and interactions with healthcare providers. We coded interviews in ATLAS.ti (version 7.0) based on a priori and emergent themes, and analyzed them based on the principles of interpretive description. We found that predicting and assessing children's reactions to procedures is challenging; parents reported non-invasive procedures such as x-rays were distressing for some children, and that providers did not detect subtle indicators of distress. Parents valued obtaining a diagnosis because it validated their concerns, enabled planning for the child's future healthcare needs, and allowed access to established support networks. This study suggests that healthcare providers can improve the experience of the diagnostic odyssey by validating family concerns and connecting them to support services that are available without a diagnosis.
Synoptic environmental indicators as image analogs for landscape analysis

Spatially synoptic multivariate image data implicitly embody information on landscape pattern, for which analytical techniques of explicit pattern extraction are evolving. In parallel, a multiplicity of 'environmental indicators' is being generated in the arena of geographic information systems. Landscape ecological analysis offers substantial opportunity for configuring these indicators synoptically as cells over spatial extents and for stacking them into complementary sets of image-structured multiple environmental indicators whereby the values of the indicators become intensity analogs of brightness for spectral bands. As environmental signal analogs of multiband images, these data become available to image portrayal in both graytone and quasi-color renditions to reveal joint properties of pattern for visual interpretation. Likewise, many of the conventional image analysis operations can be conceived more broadly to allow their application in the indicator context. This includes combinatorial approache...
Determination of the phase behavior of (LiNH2) c(LiBH4)1-c quaternary hydrides through in Situ X-ray diffraction

Solid hydride materials combining high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen capacity, rapid hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics, and low operating temperature are highly desirable for hydroge...
TRABECULECTOMY WITH ADJUNCTIVE MITOMYCIN C IN PEDIATRIC GLAUCOMA

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C in patients 17 years of age or younger, and to identify risk factors for failure of this surgical technique. METHODS: Retrospective review of consecutive cases of pediatric glaucoma that underwent mitomycin C augmented trabeculectomy between January 1991 and December 1995. Forty-nine patients (60 eyes) with a mean age of 7.6 years (range, 6 weeks to 17.6 years) were identified and followed up until repeat glaucoma surgery, or after a minimum of 6 months. Success was defined as intraocular pressure control of 22 mm Hg or less with or without topical glaucoma control medication, no evidence of glaucoma progression, no further glaucoma surgery necessary, and no visually devastating complication. RESULTS: Cumulative probabilities of success ± SD for 49 eyes (one eye per patient) were 67% ± 13% at 12 months and 59% ± 15% at 24 months. Multivariate regression analysis yielded the following characteristics as significantly increased risk for failure: age of less than 1 year at time of surgery (risk ratio, 5.6; confidence interval, 2.1 to 14.7; P = .0005), and aphakia (risk ratio, 2.7; confidence interval, 1.1 to 6.9; P = .0364). Shallow anterior chamber (17 [28%] of 60 eyes) and serous choroidal detachment (13 [22%] of 60 eyes) were the most common complications. Four (11%) of 38 eyes with obtainable Snellen acuity were noted to have a decrease in best-corrected visual acuity of more than 2 Snellen lines or loss of light perception. In 5 (8%) of 60 eyes bleb-related endophthalmitis was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C is generally effective for the treatment of pediatric glaucoma, especially in phakic children over 1 year of age. However, late-onset bleb-related endophthalmitis is a substantial risk in this patient population.
Weighted-combining calibration for implicit feedback beamforming on downlink multiuser MIMO systems

This paper proposes a novel calibration scheme for implicit feedback beamforming on downlink (DL) multiuser (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In the proposed scheme, an access point (AP) calculates calibration coefficients from ratios of DL and uplink (UL) channel state information (CSI) corresponding to multiple stations (STAs), and then combines multiple coefficients with minimum mean square error (MMSE) weights. Although it is difficult to calculate MMSE weights since Gaussian noise terms due to estimated CSI error exist in the denominator of the mean square error, we derive the weights using a linear approximation in the highsignal to noise power ratio (SNR) regime. Simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme obtains signal to interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) gain of more than 6.9 dB over a calibration scheme without combining, at 10% cumulative distribution function (CDF) and SNR of 40 dB. It is found that the proposed scheme improves the calibration accuracy considerably.
Reaction of 2-Methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid (MHPC) Oxygenase with N-Methyl-5-hydroxynicotinic acid: Studies on the Mode of Binding, and Protonation Status of the Substrate†

Titrations of 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid (MHPC) oxygenase with the substrate MHPC identified the MHPC species bound to the enzyme as the tripolar ionic species. This result was supported by studies of the binding to the enzyme of N-methyl-5-hydroxynicotinic acid (NMHN), an MHPC analog existing only in the tripolar ionic form. The Kd is 55 μM compared to a Kd of 9.2 μM for MHPC and 5.2 μM for 5-hydroxynicotinic acid. Kinetics studies of the binding of NMHN to MHPC oxygenase show that its binding, like that for MHPC and for 5HN, is also a two-step process. Since NMHN never exists as an anionic form, neither of the observed steps is due to the binding of an anionic species as an intermediate step. Investigations of the reduction and oxygenation half reactions demonstrate that the mechanism of catalysis with NMHN is basically the same as with MHPC or with 5-hydroxynicotinic acid. Product analysis from reactions using NMHN, a compound that possesses positive charge on the nitrogen atom, indic...
Devices for cell transplantation into the central nervous system: Design considerations and emerging technologies.

Successful use of cell-based therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases is dependent upon effective delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS poses several challenges to the delivery of cell-based therapeutics, including the blood–brain barrier, anatomic complexity, and regional specificity. Targeted delivery methods are therefore required for the selective treatment of specific CNS regions. In addition, CNS tissues are mechanically and physiologically delicate and even minor injury to normal brain or spinal cord can cause devastating neurological deficits. Targeted delivery methods must therefore minimize tissue trauma. At present, direct injection into brain or spinal cord parenchyma promises to be the most versatile and accurate method of targeted CNS therapeutic delivery. While direct injection methods have already been employed in clinical trials of cell transplantation for a wide variety of neurological diseases, there are many shortcomings with the devices and surgical approaches currently used. Some of these technical limitations may hinder the clinical development of cell transplantation therapies despite validity of the underlying biological mechanisms. In this review, we discuss some of the important technical considerations of CNS injection devices such as targeting accuracy, distribution of infused therapeutic, and overall safety to the patient. We also introduce and discuss an emerging technology – radially branched deployment – that may improve our ability to safely distribute cell-based therapies and other therapeutic agents to the CNS. Finally, we speculate on future technological developments that may further enhance the efficacy of CNS therapeutic delivery.
Wind and tidal forcing of a buoyant plume, Mobile Bay, Alabama

AVHRR satellite imagery and in situ observations were combined to study the motion of a buoyant plume at the mouth of Mobile Bay, Alabama. The plume extended up to 30 km from shore, with a thickness of about 1 m. The inner plume, which was 3–8 m thick, moved between the Bay and inner shelf in response to tidal forcing. The tidal prism could be identified through the movement of plume waters between satellite images. The plume responded rapidly to alongshore wind, with sections of the plume moving at speeds of more than 70 cm s−1, about 11% of the wind speed. The plume moved predominantly in the direction of the wind with a weak Ekman drift. The enhanced speed of the plume relative to normal surface drift is probably due to the strong stratification in the plume, which limits the transfer of momentum into the underlying ambient waters.
The status of breast cancer screening: A quarter of a century of research

This article begins with a summary of the methods and results of the first randomized, controlled trial conducted to test the efficacy of periodic screening in reducing breast cancer mortality. The study was started in December, 1963 and the final phases of follow-up to determine the screening's long-term effect ended in 1986. Over 60,000 women aged 40–64 years, who were members of the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York (HIP), were assigned at random to either a study group or a control group. The study group was offered screening examinations consisting of mammography and a clinical examination of the breast. About 67% accepted the invitation for an initial screening; a large proportion returned for 3 reexaminations at annual intervals. The control group continued to receive their usual medical care. By 10 years from entry, breast cancer deaths were reduced 30% among the study group women; over the long run of 18 years from entry, the decrease was 23–24%. The benefit from screening was found to be more certain among women who were over 50 years of age at the start of screening than among those aged 40–49 years. This article also describes research on efficacy of breast cancer screening started more recently in Sweden, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Canada, and reviews available findings which reinforce the results of the HIP project. Information is given on policies and guidelines being adopted in many countries regarding modalities, frequency, and ages to be included in breast cancer screening programs.
Effects of topical epinephrine on aqueous humor dynamics in the cat.

The purpose of this study was to investigate, in cats, the effects of topical epinephrine on aqueous humor dynamics as measured by the non-invasive method of fluorophotometry and by other methods. Measurements were carried out on 12 cats before and after one week of twice daily treatment with 2% epinephrine hydrochloride to one eye. Aqueous flow and outflow facility were determined using fluorophotometry. Uveoscleral outflow was calculated from these results and was evaluated with anterior chamber perfusion of FITC-dextran. Outflow facility also was measured by tonography. Epinephrine-treated eyes, compared with their baseline values, showed a 31% reduction in intraocular pressure (P<0.001), a 23% reduction in aqueous flow (P<0.05), a 60% increase in fluorophotometric outflow facility (P<0.05), and a 43% increase in tonographic outflow facility (P<0.05). Treated eyes, compared with contralateral control eyes, showed a 27% reduction in IOP (P<0.005), a 25% reduction in aqueous flow (P<0.005), a 38% increase in fluorophotometric outflow facility (P<0.05), and a 34% increase in tonographic outflow facility. When evaluated by both fluorophotometry and FITC-dextran tracer methods, epinephrine had no significant effect on uveoscleral outflow. It was concluded that, in cats treated with topical epinephrine twice daily for a week, a reduction in intraocular pressure is induced by an increase in outflow facility and decrease in aqueous flow.
PTEN/MMAC1 mutations correlate inversely with an altered p53 tumor suppressor gene in gynecologic tumors.

Abstract Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the different mutations of p53 and compare p53 expression in gynecologic tumors in African American and Chinese women. Method: Tumor samples were collected from Atlanta, Ga, hospitals and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan. Samples were examined for different mutations using electrophoretic variants after single-stranded conformational analysis (SSCA). Cell lines obtained from the American Type Culture Collection were also used. Results: Mutations were identified in the gene for the tumor protein p53 at codons 156, 157, 176, 183, 246, and 248 at sites predicted to disrupt DNA binding. Collectively, an altered p53 status was found in about 28% of all tumors with similar frequencies observed between the African American and Chinese women. African American or Chinese women did not have common polymorphism. Conclusion: This study showed that in mutations in the PTEN/MMAC1 gene correlated inversely with an altered p53 status. Similar findings were found in 2 tumor cell lines examined. As p53 changes are associated with late stage cancers, we favor the possibility that in certain tumor subtypes, PTEN/MMAC1 genes alteration may be useful clinically in the evaluation of the tumor.
SU‐E‐J‐124: FDG PET Metrics Analysis in the Context of An Adaptive PET Protocol for Node Positive Gynecologic Cancer Patients

Purpose: To compare PET extracted metrics and investigate the role of a gradient-based PET segmentation tool, PET Edge (MIM Software Inc., Cleveland, OH), in the context of an adaptive PET protocol for node positive gynecologic cancer patients. Methods: An IRB approved protocol enrolled women with gynecological, PET visible malignancies. A PET-CT was obtained for treatment planning prescribed to 45–50.4Gy with a 55– 70Gy boost to the PET positive nodes. An intra-treatment PET-CT was obtained between 30–36Gy, and all volumes re-contoured. Standard uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVmedian) and GTV volumes were extracted from the clinician contoured GTVs on the pre- and intra-treament PET-CT for primaries and nodes and compared with a two tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The differences between primary and node GTV volumes contoured in the treatment planning system and those volumes generated using PET Edge were also investigated. Bland-Altman plots were used to describe significant differences between the two contouring methods. Results: Thirteen women were enrolled in this study. The median baseline/intra-treatment primary (SUVmax, mean, median) were (30.5, 9.09, 7.83)/( 16.6, 4.35, 3.74), and nodes were (20.1, 4.64, 3.93)/( 6.78, 3.13, 3.26). The p values were all < 0.001. The clinical contours were all larger than the PET Edge generated ones, with mean difference of +20.6 ml for primary, and +23.5 ml for nodes. The Bland-Altman revealed changes between clinician/PET Edge contours to be mostly within the margins of the coefficient of variability. However, there was a proportional trend, i.e. the larger the GTV, the larger the clinical contours as compared to PET Edge contours. Conclusion: Primary and node SUV values taken from the intratreament PET-CT can be used to assess the disease response and to design an adaptive plan. The PET Edge tool can streamline the contouring process and lead to smaller, less user-dependent contours.
Spread Spectrum Acquisition under Narrow Band Interference

The acquisition statistics of DS systems when under the influence of narrowband interference are predicted. Tone jamming increases the variance of the detection variable; as a result it significantly influences the probabilities of detection and false alarm of the receiver. The effects of jamming on acquisition time are also assessed for particular acquisition schemes. Finally, the results of these analyses are used to propose a receiver which mitigates the deleterious effects of the jamming. The primary observation is the need for the acquisition receiver to sense and adapt to jamming. A proposed adaptive receiver provides considerable jamming protection and the acquisition performance obtained with such a receiver bounds the performance of all adaptive acquisition receivers.
Noncardiac findings in cardiac imaging with multidetector computed tomography.

Objectives We investigated the frequency of the noncardiac findings in cardiac imaging with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Background Multidetector computed tomography is an accepted new tool to evaluate the heart. In cardiac MDCT scans, organs other than the heart are also irradiated, but usually not assessed. Methods A total of 503 patients underwent cardiac imaging with 16- or 64-slice MDCT. Cardiologists assessed the heart, while radiologists reviewed the other organs. Results A total of 346 new, noncardiac findings were identified in 292 patients (58.1%). A total of 114 patients (22.7%) had clinically significant findings including 4 cases of malignancy (0.8%). Conclusions There were a significant number of noncardiac findings in cardiac MDCT. To avoid missing clinically important findings, physicians who analyze cardiac MDCT scan—either radiologists or cardiologists—should carefully evaluate all the organs irradiated in the scan.
Decreased expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A/benzodiazepine receptor beta subunit mRNAs in brain of flurazepam-tolerant rats.

The expression of GABAA/benzodiazepine β subunit mRNAs was studied in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of flurazepam-treated rats. Immediately following 4 wk of treatment, β2 and β3 subunit mRNAs were significantly reduced in cerebellum and hippocampus, whereas only β2 was decreased in cortex. These decreases had largely reversed 48 h following flurazepam treatment. After 2 wk of treatment, both β2 and β3 mRNAs were reduced in cerebellum, and β3 mRNA was reduced in hippocampus, but neither was changed in cortex. Four hours after an acute flurazepam treatment, the only change was a decrease in β3 mRNA in hippocampus. These results indicate that the expression of GABAA receptor β subunit mRNAs in different brain regions is differentially regulated during chronic flurazepam treatment, and some changes occur within hours after a single large dose.
The Fine Structure of the ( 4 S°)3p 3 P Term of Oxygen O I*

The fine structure of the (4S°)3p3P term of O I has been determined by interferometric measurement of three triplets at 8446A, 7245A, and 6046A. The term is found to be partially inverted in agreement with Edlen’s findings.
High Fresnel Number 2-D And 3-D Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Phase Conjugation Modeling

A novel theoretical approach to steady state, stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation is presented. A perturbative technique produces highly accurate approximate solutions for both 2-D and 3-D simulations under conditions of interest. This technique permits accurate modeling of backward stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation on a microcomputer. Direct numerical integration is used to verify the validity of the approximate solutions.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Calculated structures and electrostatic potentials of some monocyclic unsaturated dioxins

Abstract An ab initio SCF computational study of the structural features, relative stabilities and electrostatic potentials of the isomers 1,4- and 1,2-dioxin, and their three isomeric mononitro derivatives is reported. Within each group, the peroxidic systems were found to be the least stable. The electrostatic potentials of the unsubstituted dioxins are dominated by the negative regions due to the oxygen atoms, with only weak negative potentials above the double bonds. These bonds are not therefore expected to show the usual olefinic reactivity toward electrophiles. Among the nitrodioxins, the major negative regions are associated with the oxygens of the nitro groups. Due to the strong electron-withdrawing power of z.snfc;N0 2 , the negative potentials near the ring oxygens have been weakened and those above the double bonds completely eliminated. Relatively strong buildup of positive potential is found above the Cz.snfc; 2 bond regions of the nitrodioxins, indicating a susceptibility to nucleophilic attack.
THE TRAGIC MULATTA PLAYS THE TRAGIC MUSE

Marie Lavington, the runaway octoroon slave in Charles Kingsley's little-read novel Two Years Ago (1857), makes this declaration of independence in a letter to Tom Thurnall, the novel's hero. Though Tom helped her escape to a Canadian Quaker community, Marie has tired of the “staid and sober” (122; vol. 1, ch. 5) lifestyle of a Quakeress. She reenters the public marketplace by refashioning herself into the Italian diva, La Cordifiamma. Marie's ascent to the stage as La Cordifiamma marks the construction of a new female body in the mid-nineteenth century: the Tragic Mulatta who becomes a Tragic Muse.
Design of the CRISP tracking mirror assembly

This paper describes the design of a two sided aluminum tracking mirror and mechanism for the CONTOUR Remote Imager and Spectrometer (CRISP) instrument flown on NASA's COmet Nucleus TOUR (CONTOUR) spacecraft launched in July 2002. The tracking mirror mechanism was designed to operate in a -60°C high vacuum space environment. The primary structure of the instrument and the tracking mirror assembly were all fabricated from solid billets of magnesium ZK60A-T5 alloy. Interfacing materials with drastically different coefficients of thermal expansion required significant analysis and close attention to details. By maintaining close symmetry, tight but not unrealistic tolerances, and simultaneous machining of interfaces, we were able to keep thermal distortions virtually identical on both ends of the mirror axis and thus maintain mirror flatness to mission requirements.
Deconstructing Randall Jarrell's THE DEATH OF THE BALL TURRET GUNNER

A bleak protest against war, Randall Jarrell's “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner” (1945) is as brief as the life it recounts. In five lines, the poem conjures a series of binaries—mother/father,...
Terahertz Switch Based on Waveguide-Cavity-Waveguide Comprising Cylindrical Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton

This paper demonstrates a terahertz (THz) switch that comprises a metallic perfect conductor in the form of periodically corrugated cylindrical waveguides surrounding a dielectric medium consisting of GaAs compound semiconductor. The proposed switch deploys a composite waveguide-cavity-waveguide structure. The switch controls its state by dynamically altering the optical properties of an engineered nonlinear material inside the cavity, while the corrugated waveguides on both sides of the cavity are incorporated to limit the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves at nearly THz frequencies only. At the resonant frequency, the corrugated waveguide allows strong EM confinement inside the grooves. The cavity has been designed to achieve a high quality factor as well as to trap EM waves for a significant period of time. Small changes in the GaAs refractive index inside the grooves can alter the cavity resonant frequency. Localized doping near the metal conductor inside the cavity is implemented so that by applying a voltage between the metal electrode and the depletion region in the dielectric medium, the switch can be altered from the ON state to the OFF state, and vice versa.
Power semiconductor devices for pulse power applications

The operation of various proposed thyristor closing switches for pulse power is reviewed and their switching parameters are compared and evaluated. The comparisons suggest that current thyristor technology can provide elements which can be combined to obtain a thyratron replacement switch.
Oral contraceptives, reproductive factors and risk of inflammatory bowel disease

Background Oral contraceptive use has been associated with risk of Crohn9s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Objective To determine whether this association is confounded or modified by other important lifestyle and reproductive factors. Design A prospective cohort study was carried out of 117 375 US women enrolled since 1976 in the Nurses Health Study I (NHS I) and 115 077 women enrolled since 1989 in the Nurses9 Health Study II (NHS II) with no prior history of UC or CD. These women had provided information every 2 years, on age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, parity, menopause status and other risk factors. Diagnoses of CD and UC were confirmed by review of medical records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs. Results Among 232 452 women with over 5 030 196 person-years of follow-up, 315 cases of CD and 392 cases of UC were recorded through 2007 in NHS II and 2008 in NHS I. Compared with never users of oral contraceptives, the multivariate-adjusted HRs for CD were 2.82 (95% CI 1.65 to 4.82) among current users and 1.39 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.85) among past users. The association between oral contraceptives and UC differed according to smoking history (p heterogeneity =0.04). Age at menarche, age at first birth and parity were not associated with risk of UC or CD. Conclusion In two large prospective cohorts of US women, oral contraceptive use was associated with risk of CD. The association between oral contraceptive use and UC was limited to women with a history of smoking.
Annotation of ATIS data

The performance of spoken language systems on utterances from the ATIS domain is evaluated by comparing system-produced responses with hand-crafted (and-verified) standard responses to the same utterances. The objective of SRI's annotation project is to provide SLS system developers with the range of correct responses to human utterances produced during experimental sessions with ATIS domain interactive systems. These correct responses are then used in system training and evaluation.
Systems Biology—Biomedical Modeling

Because of the complexity inherent in biological systems, many researchers frequently rely on a combination of global analysis and computational approaches to gain insight into both (i) how interacting components can produce complex system behaviors, and (ii) how changes in conditions may alter these behaviors. Because the biological details of a particular system are generally not taught along with the quantitative approaches that enable hypothesis generation and analysis of the system, we developed a course at Mount Sinai School of Medicine that introduces first-year graduate students to these computational principles and approaches. We anticipate that such approaches will apply throughout the biomedical sciences and that courses such as the one described here will become a core requirement of many graduate programs in the biological and biomedical sciences.
On Reading Shāṭibī in Rabat and Tunis

The ethical turn in Islamic jurisprudence known as the “maqāṣidī turn” has captured the imagination of many twentieth-and twenty-first-century practitioners and writers on Islamic law. Few places can rival debates related to “the purposes of the Sharīʿa” than North African thinkers, scholars, and philosophers who have spilt much ink on this topic for more than a century in order to provide blueprints for the reconstruction and reform of Muslim moral philosophy. From Muhammad al-Tahir bin ʿAshur (1879–1973) of Tunisia to ʿAllah al-Fassi (1910–1974) of Morocco in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, to the contemporary Aḥmad al-Raysuni (b. 1953) and several others, there have been scholars who voiced their opinion and support for this new trend of reading Islamic law. But the debate on the purposes of the Sharīʿa has also enjoyed a trans-regional dimension as thinkers from Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and from the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent periodically weighed in along with scholars based in Europe and North America whose voices approve, disapprove, or exhibit caution on this trend. Recently, however, philosophers have engaged Shāṭī too, and this chapter will address their take on the topic.
Pathways from child maltreatment to internalizing problems: perceptions of control as mediators and moderators.

Using a prospective longitudinal design, we examined internalizing problems and perceptions of control in a community sample of 785 children, 59 of whom had been maltreated. Children’s internalizing problems and perceptions of control were measured via self-report at annual assessments in third grade through seventh grade (modal ages 9–13 years). Children’s experiences of multiple types of maltreatment were rated based on social service records, using a standard coding system. Results of longitudinal analyses examining the roles of specific types of maltreatment (neglect, harsh parenting, and sexual abuse) revealed that neglect and sexual abuse were each associated with more internalizing problems, especially among children who experienced both these maltreatment types. Neglected children reported higher levels of perceived external control than other children did. Sexual abuse was associated with higher levels of perceived external control, but only among children who had also been neglected. Results of mediation analyses showed that higher levels of perceived external control accounted substantially for associations between specific maltreatment types and children’s internalizing problems. Results of moderator analyses revealed that, among maltreated children, greater perceived internal control predicted fewer internalizing problems, suggesting that perceived internal control functioned as a protective factor. Children maltreated early in life were less likely to have this protective characteristic. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the developmental consequences of specific and co-occurring types of maltreatment. Understanding the roots of internalizing prob- Lavori, Beardslee, Wunder, & Ryan, 1991) and are at increased risk for continuing de
Size Relationships and Aggressive Behavior in the Hermit Crab Clibanarius vittatus

Zusammenfassung In Kampfversuchen mit dem Einsiedlerkrebs Clibanarius vittatus wurde die Korpergrose der Kampfer mit dem Ausgang des Kampfes verglichen. Mit dem Grosenunterschied zwischen beiden wuchs die Wahrscheinlichkeit, das die Partner einander “ubersahen”, das das grosere Tier siegte, und das das kleinere sich zuruckzog, ehe das grosere drohte; zugleich sinkt die Wahrscheinlichkeit, das das grosere Tier droht oder auf ein Drohen des kleineren reagiert. Es lies sich zeigen, das grosere Tiere angriffslustiger sind. Sehr wahrscheinlich reagieren die Tiere auf die absolute Rivalengrose.
Knowing What Must be Done: A Caring and Effective Response to the Ebola Virus

“I have learned over the years that when one's mind is made up, this diminishes fear; knowing what must be done does away with fear” Rosa Parks. On August 6, 2014, I read an article in The Washington Post written by Susan M. Grant, the chief nurse at Emory Healthcare, titled “I’m the head nurse at Emory. This is whywewanted to bring the Ebola patients to the U.S (Grant, 2014).” I wasmoved by Grant's explanation of the importance of bringing Ebola patients to the U.S to eradicate the virus and how she articulated her moral–ethical value of human care as the foundation for nursing practice. So moved, I incorporated her article into the graduate nursing theory course I am teaching this fall. Ironically, I am writing this piece the very week my graduate nursing students are reading Grant's Washington Post article and reflecting on how she uses nursing theory to guide her practice and how they can use this exemplar to guide their own. What is a caring and effective response to the Ebola virus from the perspective of an advanced practice psychiatric nurse? As advanced practice psychiatric–mental health nurses, we understand fear and the paralyzing effect it has on our ability to respond in the moment. In the case of the Ebola virus, it keeps us concerned about the future. It stifles thinking and actions, creates indecisiveness, and blocks and disrupts learning. Equally concerning is that fear is contagious and readily spreads to those around us. Understanding and moving beyond fear has allowed our healthcare colleagues to travel abroad to treat Ebola in Africa; and closer to home, to care for those with this infectious disease within the United States. How can we as mental health professionals contribute to the eradication of Ebola? Addressing fear, educating ourselves and others, collaborating, providing clear communication based on the most up-to-date science, and grounding ourselves in a nursing theory that guides our practice are all ways to move beyond fear and act. Emotions such as fear have a toxic feel and can cause the release of specific stress hormones resulting in impaired mental functioning, diminished performance, and impaired memory (McCraty, Atkinson, Tomasino, & Bradley, 2009). These energy-draining emotions are costly, inefficient, and negatively impact us as well as those around us. One of the most important steps to providing helpful responses to potential health crisis is to identify unnecessary energy expenditures such
Hyaluronic acid and neural stem cells: implications for biomaterial design

While in the past hyaluronic acid (HA) was considered a passive component with a primarily structural role in tissues, research over the past few decades has revealed its diverse and complex biological functions, resulting in a major ideological shift. HA is abundant during normal central nervous system (CNS) development and, although down-regulated, remains ubiquitous in adult extracellular matrix (ECM). Significant changes in HA content are associated with pathological conditions, including stroke, traumatic injury and multiple sclerosis, and these changes likely disrupt repair by endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs). In this review, we describe recent findings in HA biology relevant to NSCs-focusing on the potential of HA-NSC interactions to mediate CNS regeneration. Currently, HA biomaterials are being developed to counteract matrix changes associated with CNS injury and disease, thereby promoting NSC survival and directing differentiation. In parallel, HA-based biomaterials engineered to mimic the native CNS microenvironment are being used to investigate the relationship between NSCs and their HA-rich surroundings within a controlled experimental space. As our understanding of HA-NSC interactions improves, so will the therapeutic potential of HA-based biomaterials. Efforts to better understand the relationship between HA bioactivities and biomaterial design parameters are already underway. Although significant progress has been made improving techniques for controlled fabrication of HA-based hydrogels with precisely defined features, there is still much work to be done. Ideally, future designs will incorporate multiple types of microenvironmental cues - orthogonally tuned in time and space - to direct differentiation of NSCs into various specialized lineages within a single biomaterial platform.
Effects of parameter variations and crosstalk noise on H-tree clock distribution networks

The effects of parameter variations and crosstalk noise on the clock signal propagating along an H-tree clock distribution network are investigated in this paper. In particular, the effects of variations in power supply voltage (V/sub DD/), and temperature on the delay and the transition time of the clock signal are evaluated. Furthermore, the effects of crosstalk between an H-tree structure and other interconnect wires are investigated. Different scenarios of capacitive coupling along different spatial locations of an H-tree are considered. The effects of coupling on the propagation delay, the transition time, and the waveform shape of the clock signal are demonstrated.
Amphetamine effects on acetylcholine release and mammalian neuromuscular transmission.

Abstract The mechanisms by which (+)-amphetamine biphasically modifies neuromuscular transmission were studied in the rat phrenic nervediaphragm preparation. Low to moderate amphetamine concentrations (30–300 μM) enhanced twitch height and potentiated the nerve stimulated release of acetylcholine (ACh) by up to 4.8-fold from the phrenic nerve. Higher amphetamine concentrations depressed muscle twitch and ACh release. Using a cannulated diaphragm preparation, amphetamine enhanced the twitch response to nerve stimulation but markedly depressed the contractions elicited by a pulsed injection of ACh. Amphetamine-induced enhancement of ACh release was prevented by pretreatment of animals with α -methyl- p -tyrosine, suggesting that amphetamine may be acting indirectly by releasing catecholamines. These results support the hypothesis that amphetamine enhancement results from a presynaptic increase in ACh release and the blocking actions are mediated by a postsynaptic inhibitory effect.
The “Drunken Bum” Theory of Wife Beating

We examine the belief that physical abuse of wives is strongly determined by drunkenness and socioeconomic status using interview data from a nationally representative sample of 5,159 families. Our findings show that excessive drinking is associated with higher wife abuse rates, but alcohol use is not an immediate antecedent ofviolence in the majority of families. The combination of blue-collar status, drinking, and approval of violence is significantly associated with the highest rate of wife abuse. Of the three factors, cultural approval of violence by men against women has the strongest association with wife abuse. Although our results provide support for the drunken bum theory of wife beating, they also demythologize the stereotype because they show that alcohol is far from being a necessary or sufficient cause of wife abuse.
Binding Specificity and Affinity of Acriflavine for Nucleic Acids

A set of conditions was developed for the specific binding of acriflavine to the DNA of intact squamous cells. This was achieved through a series of studies into the relative affinities for dye between DNA and various biopolymers by an agar gel diffusion technique. Specificity was ascertained by DNase and RNase treatment of the cells. The final conditions, based on an estimated DNA-to-dye ratio of 4:1, required a constant cell count of 100,000 and dye at a concentration of 0.0025 μg per ml in 10 ml of phosphate buffer, pH 6.0–7.4. These quantities were dictated by the sensitivity limitations of the analytical apparatus. To make use of standard fluorometric instrumentation, the whole cell population method for determining average values was followed. Free dye was analyzed after cell samples were stained, and the difference between this value and that of an aliquot of working dye was taken as the amount of bound dye. To ensure cell-free residues of dye, cells were removed by centrifugation through Teflon me...