cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Material And Design Guidelines For Reinforced Thermoplastic Body Panels

Abstract : This paper describes new reinforced thermoplastic materials that have been developed for rigid exterior, painted automobile panels. Traditionally these panels have been fabricated from zinc die cast, steel, or more recently from sheet molding compound (SMC). Guide Lamp Division of General Motors is injection molding mineral filled nylon, fiber glass reinforced nylon, and fiber glass reinforced thermoplastic polyester rigid exterior automotive panels that are painted car color for 1974 Chevelles, Cadillacs, Pontiacs, Oldsmobiles and Buicks. The applications, material properties, paint performance, and design recommendations for these three reinforced thermoplastic materials are reviewed. (MM)
Sages of the Profession: Celebration of our Heritage

The Indiana University School of Social Work recently celebrated its 100-year anniversary as the oldest school of social work continuously affiliated with a university. That seminal occasion served as a compelling reminder of the extraordinary history of our profession and its relentless efforts on behalf of the vulnerable, oppressed and disadvantaged members of society. For more than a decade, the School’s journal Advances in Social Work has been devoted to the dissemination of theory and research that supports these efforts of social work educators and practitioners. Thus it seemed only appropriate that we devote a special issue of Advances to a retrospective exploration of some of the critical events in the history of the profession that have contributed to and help shape our present understanding of social work practice and education.
Strengths-based Practice and Motivational Interviewing

There has been recent concern that many practices and programs erroneously claim to be strengths-based. In reaction some have called for researchers to make systematic comparisons to the tenets of strengths-based practice (SBP) before making the contention that an intervention is strengths-based. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an intervention which has been described as being strengths-based; however, no systematic efforts have yet been made to compare the two. This article takes a methodical approach to comparing SBP and MI to determine level of cohesion and how they might be used together. A case-example is used to illustrate how MI and SBP may be used in conjunction and implications for social work practice and education are discussed.
Toll-Like Receptors and Dectin-1, a C-Type Lectin Receptor, Trigger Divergent Functions in CNS Macrophages.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) activates macrophages, endowing them with both reparative and pathological functions. The mechanisms responsible for these divergent functions are unknown but are likely controlled through stochastic activation of different macrophage receptor subtypes. Various danger-associated molecular patterns released from dying cells in the injured spinal cord likely activate distinct subtypes of macrophage pattern recognition receptors, including bacterial toll-like receptors (TLRs) and fungal C-type lectin receptors (e.g., dectin-1). To determine the in vivo consequences of activating these receptors, ligands specific for TLR2 or dectin-1 were microinjected, alone or in combination, into intact spinal cord. Both ligands elicit a florid macrophage reaction; however, only dectin-1 activation causes macrophage-mediated demyelination and axonal injury. Coactivating TLR2 reduced the injurious effects of dectin-1 activation. When injected into traumatically injured spinal cord, TLR2 agonists enhance the endogenous macrophage reaction while conferring neuroprotection. Indeed, dieback of axons was reduced, leading to smaller lesion volumes at the peak of the macrophage response. Moreover, the density of NG2+ cells expressing vimentin increased in and near lesions that were enriched with TLR2-activated macrophages. In dectin-1-null mutant (knock-out) mice, dieback of corticospinal tract axons also is reduced after SCI. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that the ability of macrophages to create an axon growth-permissive microenvironment or cause neurotoxicity is receptor dependent and it may be possible to exploit this functional dichotomy to enhance CNS repair. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is a growing appreciation that macrophages exert diverse functions in the injured and diseased CNS. Indeed, both macrophage-mediated repair and macrophage-mediated injury occur, and often these effector functions are elicited simultaneously. Understanding the mechanisms governing the reparative and pathological properties of activated macrophages is at the forefront of neuroscience research. In this report, using in vitro and in vivo models of relevance to traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), new data indicate that stochastic activation of toll-like and c-type lectin receptors on macrophages causes neuroprotection or neurotoxicity, respectively. Although this manuscript focuses on SCI, these two innate immune receptor subtypes are also involved in developmental processes and become activated in macrophages that respond to various neurological diseases.
Association mining in time-varying domains

The input of a classical application of association mining is a large set of transactions, each consisting of a list of items a customer has paid for at a supermarket checkout desk. The goal is to identify groups of items ("itemsets") that frequently co-occur in the same shopping carts. This paper focuses on an aspect that has so far received relatively little attention: the composition of the list of frequent itemsets may change in time as the purchasing habits get affected by fashion, season, and introduction of new products. We investigate (1) heuristics for the detection of such changes in time-ordered databases and (2) techniques that update the set of frequent itemsets when the change is detected. As the main performance criterion, we use the accuracy with which our program maintains the current list of frequent itemsets in a time-varying environment.
Algunas Orquidáceas americanas

La presente contribucion al conocimiento de las Orquidaceas americanas trata de algunas especies de Mexico, America Central, Sur America y las Antillas. Estas notas son el resultado de determinaciones de varios ejemplares colectados en tales regiones, y que se hallan depositados en el Ames Herbarium, Cambridge, Mass., el United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., el New York Botanical Garden Herbarium, Nueva York, o en el Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri.
Forecasting Volatility Using Tick by Tick Data

The paper builds an econometric model for estimating the volatility of unobserved efficient price change using tick by tick data. We model the joint density of the marked point process of duration and tick by tick returns within an ACD-GARCH framework. We first model the duration variable as an ACD process that could potentially depend on past returns. We then model the return variable conditioning on its current duration as well as past information. The observed return process admits a state space model, where the unobserved efficient price innovation and microstructure noises serve as state variables. After adjusting for bid-ask spread and a non-linear function of durations, tick by tick returns are distributed independently of durations, with volatility that admits a GARCH process. We apply the above model to frequently traded NYSE stock transactions data. It appears that contemporaneous duration has little affect on the conditional volatility per trade, which means per second volatility is inversely related to the duration between trades. This is consistent with the result of Engle (2000) and Easley and O'Hara (1987). The model is used to obtain a new, model-based estimate of daily, realized volatility as well as the volatility of efficient price changes.Volatility is forecasted over calendar time intervals by simulation. The distribution of the number of trades is central in forming these forecasts.
Ba3A2PtCu2O10 (A = Y or Ho): The crystal structure of a reaction by-product of high transition temperature superconductors with platinum metal

Mixtures of CuO, BaCO/sub 3/, and A/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (A = Y, rare earth) react at temperatures between 600 and 1000/sup 0/C with platinum containers to produce crystals of composition Ba/sub 3/A/sub 2/PtCu/sub 2/O/sub 10/. The crystal structures of the compounds with A = Y or Ho were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. They are isostructural, monoclinic, space group C2/m, with Z = 2. Lattice parameters for Ba/sub 3/Y/sub 2/PtCu/sub 2/O/sub 10/ are a = 12.520(3) A, b = 5.817(1) A, c = 7.357(1) A, ..beta.. = 105.53(2)/sup 0/, V = 516.2(2) A/sup 3/. Lattice parameters for Ba/sub 3/Ho/sub 2/PtCu/sub 2/O/sub 10/ are a = 12.516(3) A, b = 5.813(1) A, c = 7.350(3) A, ..beta.. = 105.54(2)/sup 0/, V = 512.2(3) A/sup 3/. The structure of these complex oxides has the four metal ions in five distinct coordination environments; two barium sites with coordination number (CN) 8 and 11, yttrium or holmium with CN 7, platinum(IV) with CN 6, and copper with CN 5.
A note on the cyclotomic polynomial

The n-th roots of unity 1, ω, …, ωn-1, where ω = exp (2πi\n), are linearly dependent in the field Q of rationals since, for instance, their sum vanishes. We are here concerned with the linear relations between them with integral coefficients. Let U denote the vector space of elements u = (u0, …, un−1) over Q and let N be the subspace of elements u defined by the relation u0+u1ω+…+un−1ωn−1=0. (1)
Data Compression Concepts and Algorithms and Their Applications to Bioinformatics

Data compression at its base is concerned with how information is organized in data. Understanding this organization can lead to efficient ways of representing the information and hence data compression. In this paper we review the ways in which ideas and approaches fundamental to the theory and practice of data compression have been used in the area of bioinformatics. We look at how basic theoretical ideas from data compression, such as the notions of entropy, mutual information, and complexity have been used for analyzing biological sequences in order to discover hidden patterns, infer phylogenetic relationships between organisms and study viral populations. Finally, we look at how inferred grammars for biological sequences have been used to uncover structure in biological sequences.
Electronic Spin of the Ga Vacancy in GaP

EPR experiments with uniaxial stress on the Ga vacancy ${V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ in GaP reveal that its spin is $\frac{3}{2}$. The spectrum splits linearly with stress into three components with a coefficient ${C}_{11}=34\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${(\mathrm{d}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{n}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 20 K. The high spin demonstrates the importance of the exchange interaction for this vacancy.
Photoinduced polarization properties of LilO 3 single crystal

Photoinduced polarization is achieved in a lithium iodate single crystal by the simultaneous application of a dc field and illumination from a uv source. The dark depolarization and photodepolarization current decay characteristics of the polarized samples have been studied in detail in this paper.
The Liouville theorem and accurate plasma simulation

Abstract The cold two-stream instability has been examined within the context of the one-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson model for three simulation methods. Two of the methods treat a continuum of particles; the third is the particle-in-cell method. The onset of noise in the simulations occurred near the time when the beams crossed or nearly crossed in the phase space, indicating a violation of Liousville's theorem or strong sensitivity of particle trajectories to initial conditions in the vicinity of the point of near crossing. Details of the underlying Hamiltonian structure of the particle dynamics appear to be important in achieving accurate plasma simulations.
Gene inactivation in the citrus pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata defect at the Ku70 locus associated with non-homologous end joining

Low frequency of targeted gene disruption in filamentous fungi has been attributed to the predominance of ectopic integration that is controlled by a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair mechanism. It has been shown in a number of fungi that suppression of NHEJ by inactivating the yeast Ku70 or Ku80 homolog facilitates homologous recombination, thereby enhancing the frequency of gene targeting. A Ku70 gene homolog was cloned from the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata, causing citrus brown spot. The cloned gene, designated AaKu70, was independently inactivated by insertion of an acetolactate synthase gene (SUR) conferring sulfonylurea resistance or of a bacterial phosphotransferase gene (HYG) cassette conferring hygromycin resistance. The AaKu70 deficient strain reduced conidial formation and pigmentation slightly, but unchanged in toxin production and pathogenicity. Unlike many fungal species, mutation of the AaKu70 gene by inserting either SUR or HYG did not facilitate gene disruption, as tested for disruption targeting an AaAP1gene encoding a redox responsive transcription regulator or an AaHSK1 gene encoding a histidine kinase. However, a split marker approach, using truncated DNA fragments overlapping within the HYG, but not SUR, selectable marker, enhanced the frequency of AaAP1 disruption considerably in the progenitor and the ∆AaKu70 strain. Compared to the disruption targeting the AaAP1 gene, the frequency for recovery of the AaHSK1 impaired mutant was much lower, indicating an allele-dependent disruption. The present study indicates that AaKu70 has little or no effect on gene disruption and homologous integration in A. alternata.
A Diet and Methods for the in vitro Rearing of the Tachinid, Eucelatoria sp.

Eucelatoria sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) were reared in vitro to adults from maggots that had lived in the host as briefly as 4–6 h. The artificial diet provided a requisite transition from a liquid to a gelled medium for the young maggots and provided adequate nutrition. Eucelatoria sp. is the second species of tachinid and the first rapidly developing species of tachinid to be reared to the adult stage on artificial diet.
The Iron-Copper Connection: the Link to Ceruloplasmin Grows Stronger

A rare genetic defect in ceruloplasmin biosynthesis has provided the strongest evidence to date that ceruloplasmin is essential for iron metabolism and tissue distribution in humans. A aceruloplasminemia results in massive accumulations of iron in the liver and brain and is associated with retinal degeneration and diabetes.
Effects of trunk exertion force and direction on postural control of the trunk during unstable sitting.

Abstract Background. Pushing and pulling exertions have been implicated as risk factors of low-back disorders. In an attempt to investigate the mechanisms by which pushing and pulling influence risk for low-back disorders, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of trunk exertion force and exertion direction on postural control of the trunk during unstable sitting. Methods. Seat movements were recorded while subjects maintained a seated posture on a wobbly chair against different exertion forces (0N, 40N, and 80N) and exertion directions (trunk flexion and extension). Postural control of the trunk was assessed from kinematic variability (root-mean-squared amplitude and 95% ellipse area) and non-linear stability analyses (stability diffusion exponent and maximum finite-time Lyapunov exponent). Findings. Kinematic variability and non-linear stability estimates increased as exertion force increased including root-mean-squared amplitude (P Interpretation. Trunk exertion force and exertion direction affect postural control of the trunk. This study may aid in understanding how pushing and pulling exertions can potentially contribute to low-back disorders.
Feasibility and Validity of a One-Item Fatigue Screen in a Thoracic Oncology Clinic

Introduction Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in patients with advanced cancers. Despite its high prevalence, it is often unrecognized and undetected. This study assessed the feasibility and validity of a one-item fatigue scale (OIFS) in an outpatient oncology clinic. Methods Over a 3-month trial period, all patients in a thoracic oncology clinic were screened for fatigue with a one-item, 0 to 10 scale. Over a second trial period, an additional sample of 100 clinic patients completed validated measures of fatigue, including the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F) and Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), in addition to the OIFS. Results During the initial trial period, more than 95% of patients (574 of 600) had a documented OIFS score on their first clinic visit. Data from the second cohort of patients revealed that the OIFS had good test-retest reliability ( r = 0.88) and was highly correlated with the FSI severity scale (0.87) and the FACIT-F (−0.75). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the OIFS had good discrimination compared with the FACIT-F (area under the curve=0.87). Sensitivity and specificity of several OIFS cutoff scores were compared, and scores between 3 and 5 were found to be optimal. Conclusions The use of a one-item scale to screen for fatigue is feasible in an ambulatory clinic setting. This scale had convergent validity with other measures of fatigue and was able to identify cases of fatigue that met criteria on the FACIT-F. These data support the recommendations in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for cancer-related fatigue screening.
On the measurement of absolute cerebral blood volume (CBV) using vascular‐space‐occupancy (VASO) MRI

Recently, a vascular-space-occupancy (VASO) MRI technique was developed for quantitative assessment of cerebral blood volume (CBV). This method uses the T(1)-shortening effect of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) with imaging parameters chosen that null the precontrast blood magnetization but allow the postcontrast blood magnetization to recover to equilibrium. A key advantage of VASO CBV estimation is that it provides a straightforward procedure for converting MR signals to absolute physiologic values. However, as with other T(1)-based steady-state approaches, several important factors need to be considered that influence the accuracy of CBV values obtained with VASO MRI. Here, the transverse relaxation (T(2)/T(2) (*)) effect in VASO MRI was investigated using multiecho spin-echo and gradient-echo experiments, resulting in underestimation of CBV by 14.9% +/- 1.1% and 16.0% +/- 2.5% for spin echo (TE = 10 ms) and gradient echo (TE = 6 ms), respectively. In addition, the influence of contrast agent clearance was studied by acquiring multiple postcontrast VASO images at 2.2-min intervals, which showed that the concentration of Gd-DTPA in the first 14 min (single dose) was sufficient for the blood magnetization to fully recover to equilibrium. Finally, the effect of vascular Gd-DTPA leakage was assessed for scalp tissue, and signal extrapolation as a function of postinjection time was demonstrated to be useful in minimizing the associated errors. Specific recommendations for VASO MRI acquisition and processing strategies are provided.
A mechanism for the multiple brightenings of dayside poleward-moving auroral forms

Magnetic reconnection plays an important role in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and may lead to the formation of the dayside auroras. Observations of the dayside auroras may provide clues to the reconnection process at the magnetopause. Recently Fasel et al. (1992) observed poleward-moving dayside auroral forms that rebrighten during their lifetimes. Lee et. al. (1993) examined the topology of magnetic flux ropes formed by the patchy multiple X-line reconnection (PMXR), in which a magnetic flux tube reconnects with other flux tubes at multiple sites of limited extent. This paper develops the connection between the evolution of the magnetic flux ropes and the multiple brighentings of poleward-moving dayside auroral forms.
Arbitrage and the Flattening Effect of Large Numbers

Abstract In a model of an exchange economy with a continuum of individuals, we show that competitive equilibrium can be regarded as resulting from the elimination of arbitrage opportunities. Generically, the elimination of such opportunities results in a phenomenon we call the “flattening effect of large numbers.” The flattening effect provides a precise meaning to the statement that under perfect competition individuals cannot influence prices; they face perfectly elastic demands and supplies. The attractive geometry associated with arbitrage and the flattening effect is highlighted in several figures. We also link the demonstration of equilibrium through arbitrage with the logic of marginalism. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: D51.
Effect of trap color, volatile attractants, and type of toxic bait dispenser on captures of adult corn rootworm beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Studies were conducted using sticky traps and corn rootworm traps in fields of maize ( Zea mays L. ) after silking had occurred to determine effect of trap color, olfactory attractants, and type of toxic bait dispenser on captures of adult corn rootworm beetles ( Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte ). Capture of D. barberi (each sex) on sticky traps varied with color but not with the presence or absence of attractant (4-methoxyphenethanol [MPE]). Yellow traps captured the greatest numbers of D. barberi . Capture of D. v. virgifera (each sex) on sticky traps varied both with color and attractant (4-methoxycinnamaldehyde [MCHO]); interaction between color and attractant was also significant. Saturn yellow and aluminum foil traps, each baited with MCHO, captured the greatest numbers of D. v. virgifera . Tests comparing commercial brands of sticky traps showed that Multigard traps captured more male D. barberi than did Pherocon AM traps. Unbaited Multigard traps captured the greatest number of male D. v. virgifera , whereas most female D. v. virgifera were captured on Multigard traps baited with MCHO. Capture of D. barberi in corn rootworm traps (vial-type traps baited with toxin and feeding stimulant) did not vary with color or attractant (MPE). Both color and attractant affected capture of D. v. virgifera : traps painted Saturn yellow and baited with MCHO captured the greatest numbers of D. v. virgifera . Capture of female D. barberi varied with the type of toxic-bait dispenser: mean capture was greatest in traps with tray-type dispensers. Implications are discussed for trapping of adult D. barberi and D. v. virgifera .
Effect of aging and endurance training on tissue catecholamine response to strenuous exercise in Fischer 344 rats.

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the catecholamine response in various tissues to a bout of strenuous exercise in young, adult, and old Fischer 344 rats. Further, to study the effect of endurance training on this response, animals from each age group underwent ten weeks of treadmill running at 75% of their functional capacity. On completion of the training program, all animals demonstrated significant increases ( P 2 max and endurance capacity. At rest or immediately after an acute bout of strenuous exercise, animals were killed, and the heart, liver, kidney, and adrenals were removed for subsequent catecholamine analysis. Resting cardiac catecholamine levels declined significantly with age. In response to an acute exercise bout, epinephrine (E) levels in the heart were greatly reduced with age averaging 141.8, 62.3, and 21.7 ng/g for the 6-, 15-, and 27-month-old untrained group, respectively. The 15- and 27-month-old trained animals demonstrated significantly higher E levels (33% and 91%) than controls. A similar trend was found for norepinephrine (NE) content in the heart in response to acute exercise, with a marked reduction occurring with advancing age (904.6, 580.1, and 400.8 ng/g heart for 6-, 15-, and 27-month-old untrained groups, respectively). Again, training induced a greater NE response in the older trained animals compared to age-matched controls. In contrast, adrenal catecholamine levels showed a tendency to increase with age. It was concluded that when challenged with strenuous physical stress, cardiac catecholamine content is markedly diminished with age. Further, ten weeks of endurance training can attenuate this functional decline.
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptors of mouse central nervous system cells in vitro

This study evaluates the distribution of receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on central nervous cells maintained in vitro using colloidal gold-labeled immunocytochemical markers at the electron microscopic level. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors were found to be sparsely distributed over the surface of type 1 astrocytes, apparent type 2 astrocytes, and neurons. Receptors appeared to be preferentially associated with filopodia-like extensions of the cell membrane. The existence of functional receptors was confirmed using the impermeant, water-soluble affinity cross-linking agent bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate to covalently link radiolabeled PDGF to its receptor. The PDGF/receptor complexes could also be immunoprecipitated with the same antibody used in immunocytochemical experiments. The improved resolution of these techniques allows definitive identification of PDGF receptors on cultured mammalian central nervous system cells other than oligodendrocytes. These data expand the range of possible roles of PDGF during nervous system development. Receptors for PDGF are likely to play a key role in the differentiation of cells in the central nervous system. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Braun enteroenterostomy is associated with reduced delayed gastric emptying and early resumption of oral feeding following pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background and Objectives Morbidity rates following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remain high with delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and slow resumption of oral diet contributing to increased postoperative length of stay. A Braun enteroenterostomy has been shown to decrease bile reflux following gastric resection. We hypothesize that addition of Braun enteroenterostomy during PD would reduce the sequelae of DGE. Methods From our PD database, patients were identified that underwent classic PD with partial gastrectomy from 2001 to 2006. All patients with reconstruction utilizing a single loop of jejunum at the University of Florida Shands Hospital were reviewed. Demographics, presenting signs and symptoms, pathologic diagnoses, and postoperative morbidity were compared in those patients undergoing reconstruction with an additional Braun enteroenterostomy (n = 70) to those not undergoing a Braun enteroenterostomy (n = 35). Results Patients undergoing a Braun had NG tubes removed earlier (Braun: 2 days, no Braun: 3 days, P = 0.002) and no significant change in postoperative vomiting (Braun: 27%, no Braun: 37%, P = 0.37) or NG tube reinsertion rates (Braun: 17%, no Braun: 29%, P = 0.21). Median postoperative day with tolerance of oral liquids (Braun: 5, no Braun: 6, P = 0.01) and solid diets (Braun: 7, no Braun: 9, P = 0.01) were significantly sooner in the Braun group. DGE defined by two criteria including the inability to have oral intake by postoperative day 10 (Braun: 10%, no Braun: 26%, P < 0.05) and the international grading criteria (grades B and C, Braun: 7% vs. no Braun: 31%, P = 0.003) were significantly reduced in those undergoing the Braun procedure. In addition, the median length of stay (Braun: 10 days, no Braun: 12 days, P < 0.05) was significantly reduced in those undergoing the Braun procedure. The rate of pancreatic anastomotic failure was similar in the two groups (Braun: 17% vs. no Braun: 14%, P = 0.79). Median bile reflux was 0% in those undergoing a Braun. Conclusions The present study suggests that Braun enteroenterostomy can be safely performed in patients undergoing PD and may reduce the indicence of DGE and its sequelae. Further studies of Braun enteroenterostomy in larger randomized trials of patients undergoing PD are warranted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:351–355. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Test-first pair-programming tutorial

This hands-on tutorial covers two practices of Extreme Programming (XP): Test-First programming and Test-Driven Development. It focuses on the deeper aspects of these practices, including how they affect productivity.
Molecular orbital theory of carbon NMR chemical shifts

Abstract Carbon NMR chemical shifts are calculated for a group of polyatomic molecules using ab initio molecular orbital theory with a basis of contracted gaussian functions. The results are overall in good agreement with experimental values.
Nature-inspired reconfiguration of overlay networks

Many different kind of overlay networking technologies have emerged over the past years. The research has focused on the development of technologies for solving the challenges to provide reliable and efficient networks for data delivery. The ability to automatically reconfigure overlay networks is essential for the future of autonomous computer systems. This paper introduces two approaches for the automatic reconfiguration of overlay networks. The first is a Genetic Algorithm approach as proposed in previous literature, and the second is a Particle Swarm Optimization approach. Both approaches are implemented in order to compare and evaluate their response to link failures and complete network failures.
Bounded groups and norm-Hermitian matrices

Abstract An elementary proof is given that a bounded multiplicative group of complex (real) n × n nonsingular matrices is similar to a unitary (orthogonal) group. Given a norm on a complex n -space, it follows that there exists a nonsingular n × n matrix L (the Loewner-John matrix for the norm) such that LHL −1 is Hermitian for every norm-Hermitian H . Numerous applications of this result are given.
Additional experience with empiric radiotherapy for presumed human immunodeficiency virus-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Background. In light of the steadily improving capability to treat opportunistic infections, the authors reviewed their recent experience with short course empiric radiotherapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated presumed central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. Methods. Medical records were reviewed of 32 previously unreported HIV-infected patients who had computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging findings consistent with lymphoma, whose lesions had failed to respond to antitoxoplasmosis therapy and therefore subsequently treated with empiric radiotherapy to the cranium and meninges, nearly always 3000 cGy in 10 fractions. Results. The majority of patients were in poor general condition (median Karnofsky score = 50) when radiotherapy was initiated. Fifty percent improved during or after radiation. Median survival was 2.1 months. Conclusions. Despite progress made in the past several years in the treatment of opportunistic infections and brief clinical response to radiotherapy, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who have a presumed diagnosis of CNS lymphoma continue to have extremely poor survival. Early biopsy in patients with lesions that fail to respond to empiric antitoxoplasmosis treatment or with lesions radiographically most consistent with lymphoma may improve outcome
Detection, Cloning, and Sequence Analysis of an Indigenous Plasmid from Cellulolytic Clostridial Strain MCF1

Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 2451-bp plasmid (pMCF1) from a cellulolytic Clostridium revealed that the protein specified by the largest open reading frame (ORF1) was homologous to RepB of Clostridium butyricum plasmid pCB101. The data suggest that pMCF1 belongs to the pC194 family of rolling-circle replicating plasmids and the ORF1 protein functions as its replication protein.
THE UNCERTAIN FUTURE OF US HOUSING POLICY, a Reply to Peter Dreier and John Atlas

(1996). The Uncertain Future of Us Housing Policy, a Reply to Peter Dreier and John Atlas. Journal of Urban Affairs: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 371-375.
Time-dependent solutions of the viscous incompressible flow past a circular cylinder by the method of series truncation

Abstract Semi-analytic solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are calculated for two-dimensional, symmetrical, viscous incompressible flow past a circular cylinder. The stream and vorticity functions are expanded in the finite Fourier series and then substituted in the Navier-Stokes equations. This led to a system of coupled parabolic partial differential equations which are solved numerically. More terms of the series are required as Reynolds number increases and the present calculations were terminated at Reynolds number 600 with 60 terms of Fourier series. The results are compared with similar calculations and experimental data for Reynolds numbers 60, 100, 200, 500, 550 and 600. At the termination of the calculations for Reynolds numbers 60 and 100, the separation angle, the wake length, the drag coefficient, and the vorticity distributions around the surface were very close to their steady-state values. A secondary vortex appeared on the surface of the cylinder in the case of Reynolds numbers 500, 550 and 600. The wake length, the drag coefficient and the separation angle differ slightly at a given instant in the case of Reynolds numbers 500, 550 and 600.
Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy

Abstract Recent analyses continue to modify our understanding of terrestrial carbon sinks. The sinks are large and variable enough to account for much of the variability in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2. They are distributed throughout both northern mid-latitudes and the tropics. Identification of the factors influencing an observed sink is extremely difficult; methods for attribution are reviewed. Although various ecological mechanisms (e.g. CO2 fertilization, nitrogen deposition, climatic variability) have been shown experimentally to have short-term effects on physiological processes controlling the amount of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, it is unclear which of these mechanisms has been most important in the past 10–100 years and which will be most important in the future. The decades-long supposition that CO2 fertilization has been a major driver of terrestrial carbon uptake is being challenged. A major portion of the sink in the northern mid-latitudes (although probably not in the tropics) is a result of recovery from past changes in land use and management. To the extent that these direct human actions explain most of the current (and future) sink, attribution and thus accounting become more tractable, but the continued functioning of the sink is limited and largely dependent on deliberate actions (e.g. afforestation, sustainable forest management and preservation).
Use of a video monitoring approach to reduce at-risk driving behaviors in commercial vehicle operations

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) funded this project to provide an independent evaluation of a commercially available onboard safety monitoring (OBSM) system. Participating drivers drove a truck instrumented with data collection equipment (e.g., two video cameras and three accelerometers) for 17 consecutive weeks while they made their normal, revenue-producing deliveries. During the 4-week Baseline phase, the OBSM device recorded safety-related events; however, the feedback light on the OBSM device was disabled and safety managers did not have access to the recorded safety-related events to provide feedback to drivers. During the 13-week Intervention phase, the feedback light on the OBSM device was activated and safety managers had access to the recorded safety-related events and followed the coaching protocol with drivers (when necessary). Carrier A significantly reduced the mean rate of recorded safety-related events/10,000 miles traveled from Baseline to Intervention by 37% (p = 0.046) and Carrier B significantly reduced the mean rate of recorded safety-related events/10,000 miles traveled from Baseline to Intervention by 52.2% (p = 0.034). The results suggest the combination of video monitoring and behavioral coaching was responsible for the reduction in the mean rate of safety-related events/10,000 miles traveled at Carriers A and B.
The alveolar macrophage: its capacity to act as an accessory cell in mitogen-stimulated proliferation of guinea pig lymphocytes.

Abstract The capacity of the alveolar macrophage to act as an accessory cell in PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation was investigated and compared with that of the peritoneal and peritoneal exudate macrophages in guinea pigs. When lymph node cells were co-cultured with autologous lung cells recovered by airway lavage, the proliferative response to PHA was greatly enhanced over that of lymph node cells alone. In the presence of peritoneal cells or peritoneal exudate (glycogen-induced) cells, the PHA response was intermediate between that of lymph node cells alone and lymph node cells cultured with lung cells. Experiments using purified macrophages (≥98%) as accessory cells demonstrated that the difference observed between lung and peritoneal accessory cells was due to differences in macrophage function. Furthermore, when lymph node cells were cultured in the upper chamber of a double-chambered Marbrook apparatus, PHA-induced proliferation was enhanced only when lung and not peritoneal macrophages were present in the lower chamber. Additional experiments showed that this difference (1) was not an artifact of the thymidine incorporation assay to measure proliferation; (2) was not affected by changing the macrophage-lymphocyte ratio; and (3) was not simply a trephocytic or growth promoting effect of macrophages which could be replaced by 2-mercaptoethanol. These findings show that macrophages from different sources differ in their abilities to act as accessory cells in PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Alveolar macrophages appear to have an enhanced capacity compared to unstimulated and stimulated peritoneal macrophages in this function. At least part of this difference may be due to a difference in the elaboration of soluble factor (s) by macrophages.
Self-Regulation of Learning and Academic Delay of Gratification: Gender and Ethnic Differences among College Students.

Self-regulated learners engage in self-generated thoughts, actions, and feelings while pursuing academic goals. The most successful learners use appropriate learning strategies and maintain high levels of motivation. Few studies on the self-regulation of learning have examined individual differences such as gender and ethnicity among college students. The study examined gender and ethnic differences in the relationships between academic performance, self-regulation, motivation, and delay of gratification using correlational analyses. The study also investigated whether students from diverse gender and ethnic groups differed with regard to their use of self-regulation, motivation, delay of gratification, and academic performance using multivariate and univariate analyses of variance. Participants were 364 college students enrolled in introductory psychology courses in a public university. The results suggested the presence of gender and ethnic differences in motivation, use of cognitive strategies, and del...
The role of protein synthesis in the stimulation by LH of prostaglandin accumulation in rat preovulatory follicles in vitro.

Abstract Preovulatory follicles isolated from immature rats, treated in vivo with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin, were incubated in vitro and the accumulation of prostaglandin E measured. The addition of luteinizing hormone (5 μg/ml) increased this accumulation, after a lag period of 3 hours. This delay suggested the involvement of macromolecular synthesis in the mechanism of prostaglandin stimulation by luteinizing hormone. When the synthesis of protein was inhibited by the addition of puromycin (100 μM), the luteinizing hormone stimulation of prostaglandin E in these follicles was completely abolished. This inhibition was not seen with an analogue of puromycin, which does not inhibit protein synthesis, puromycin amino-nucleoside. These data suggest that concomitant protein synthesis is required for the luteinizing hormone stimulation of prostaglandin accumulation in rat follicles.
Does Who Votes Matter? Income Bias in Voter Turnout and Economic Inequality in the American States from 1980 to 2010

A growing body of research examines the political sources of economic inequality in the United States. A second literature examines the political consequences of who votes. The current study contributes to both literatures by examining the influence of income bias in voter turnout on income inequality in the American states from 1980 to 2010. I use power resources theory and research demonstrating growing partisan polarization across income levels as theoretical foundations. Using time-series and cross-sectional analysis, I find that states with greater income bias in turnout have higher levels of income inequality than states with greater parity in voter turnout across income levels, findings that are robust across various model specifications. The implications of these findings for our understanding of economic inequality, low-income voter turnout, and state electoral laws are discussed.
Agency and Affectivity of Paintings: The Lives of Chitrajis in Hindu Ritual Contexts

Numerous roles given to prints, paintings, and photographs in contemporary Hindu religious practices can be traced to changes in the ritual status of paintings. By advocating an ontological shift to a purified non-dualism called shuddhadvaita, the sixteenth-century religious philosopher Vallabhacharya established a new Hindu community who subsequently developed their own elaborate traditions of ritual that allowed devotees to personally interact with live images of Krishna. Within this new ontology of purified non-dualism, paintings were given roles normally reserved in Hinduism for sculptural images of gods and goddesses. This developed into a tradition of caring for and worshiping paintings considered live gods called chitra seva. The “picture turn” created by chitra seva led to other roles being given to paintings, where they were not only allowed agency, but could manifest affective powers within the classical Indian rasa system of aesthetics applied by Vallabhacharya to religious experience.
888 THE EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND VITAMIN A (VA) ON LEAD-203 (203Pb) TRANSPORT IN BONE ORGAN CULTURE

A mobile compartment of bone Pb, regulated like bone mineral, has been demonstrated in vitro. Since the activation of lysosomal enzymes plays an important role in parathyroid hormone (PTH) effecting bone resorption, the importance of lysosomal labilizers (PTH, VA, CaNa2EDTA[EDTA]) and stabilizers (glucocorticoids = cortisol[COR]) were assessed on the transport of bone Pb. Pregnant rats on day #18 of pregnancy were injected with 500μCi of 203Pb and 200 μCi of 45Ca. On day #19, fetal bones were cultured in a chemically defined medium to which lysosomal labilizers and stabilizers were added. After 5 days in culture, 203Pb and 45Ca released from bones into the above experimental medium (EM) were compared to that released from bones into the appropriate control medium (CM). The 203Pb results (*= p< .01, different from 1.00) were expressed as cpm EM/CM ratios: Significant release of 45Ca occured in #1 and #5; and significant increases in medium levels of hydroxyproline and acid phosphatase were measured in #1, 3 and 5, but not in #2, 4 and 6. These data indicate that: 1) lysosomal mechanisms play an important role in the release of 203Pb from bone explants in vitro; 2) other agents, besides calcium-regulating hormones, control, in part, bone Pb metabolism in vitro, and 3) such agents (COR, VA) may well modify Pb's toxic effects in vivo.
Nine IGBTs based UPFC topology and control for renewable power integration

This paper proposes an integrated unified power flow controller (UPFC) with only nine IGBTs to improve grid compliance of renewable (i.e., wind and solar) power generation systems. The integrated UPFC has two AC outputs, which are served as an AC injected voltage source (DC-AC inverter) and an AC current source (AC-DC rectifier), respectively. The modulation of the UPFC is developed to provide sufficient voltage for power flow control as well as minimizing system rating. Then operating range of the developed UPFC is analyzed with a given system power rating. Furthermore, voltage oriented control of the UPFC is introduced to achieve independent control of real and reactive power. A 2-MVA simulation model is built to demonstrate the operating performance of the proposed UPFC configuration.
Program Planning for Dyslexic Children in General Education

In summary, the steps one might follow in establishing an educational plan for dyslexic children, within the framework of general education, are: 1. Identifying the problem. 2. Building a commitment to try to solve the problem. 3. Increasing awareness of the problem, self-awareness, as well as that of others. 4. Developing and implementing a plan of action to help the children. 5. Evaluating the implementation of the plan and revising it when necessary. 6. Maintaining progress.
MFTP: A Clean-Slate Transport Protocol for the Information Centric Mobilityfirst Network

This paper presents the design and evaluation of clean-slate transport layer protocols for the MobilityFirst (MF) future Internet architecture based on the concept of named objects. The MF architecture is a specific realization of the emerging class of Information Centric Networks (ICN) that are designed to support new modes of communication based on names of information objects rather than their network addresses or locators. ICN architectures including MF are characterized by the following distinctive features: (a) use of names to identify sources and sinks of information; (b) storage of information at routers within the network in order to support content caching and disconnection; (c) multicasting and anycasting as integral network services; and in the MF case (d) hop-by-hop reliability protocols between routers in the network. These properties have significant implications for transport layer protocol design since the current Internet transports (TCP and UDP) were designed for the end-to-end Internet principle which uses address based routing with minimal functionality (i.e. no storage or reliability mechanisms) within the network. Several use cases including web access, large file transfer, Machine-to-machine and multicast services are considered, leading to an identification of four basic functions needed to constitute a flexible transport protocol for ICN: (i) fragmentation and end-to-end re-sequencing; (ii) lightweight end-to-end error recovery with in-network transport proxies; (iii) optional flow and congestion control mechanisms; and (iv) scalable multicast delivery mechanisms. The design of the MobilityFirst transport protocol (MFTP) framework realizing these features in a modular and flexible manner is presented and discussed. The proposed MFTP protocol is then experimentally evaluated and compared with TCP/IP for a few representative scenarios including mobile data delivery, web content retrieval and disconnected/late binding service. The results show that significant performance gains can be achieved in each case.