cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HAWK: Hardware support for unstructured log processing

Rapidly processing high-velocity text data is critical for many technical and business applications. Widely used software solutions for processing these large text corpora target disk-resident data and rely on pre-computed indexes and large clusters to achieve high performance. However, greater capacity and falling costs are enabling a shift to RAM-resident data sets. The enormous bandwidth of RAM can facilitate scan operations that are competitive with pre-computed indexes for interactive, ad-hoc queries. However, software approaches for processing these large text corpora fall far short of saturating available bandwidth and meeting peak scan rates possible on modern memory systems. In this paper, we present HAWK, a hardware accelerator for ad hoc queries against large in-memory logs. HAWK comprises a stall-free hardware pipeline that scans input data at a constant rate, examining multiple input characters in parallel during a single accelerator clock cycle. We describe a 1GHz 32-characterwide HAWK design targeting ASIC implementation, designed to process data at 32GB/s (up to two orders of magnitude faster than software solutions), and demonstrate a scaled-down FPGA prototype that operates at 100MHz with 4-wide parallelism, which processes at 400MB/s (13× faster than software grep for large multi-pattern scans).
Putting Yourself Forward

This chapter is about overcoming women’s reluctance to embrace ambition and promote their work and their achievement.
Social Labeling, Precision of Measurement, and Problem Solving: Key Issues in the Assessment of Children's Emotional Problems

This article discusses key issues and assumptions which underlie the use of behavior rating scales for assessing children's emotional problems. Three arguments are advanced supporting the use of st...
Influences of academic institutional factors on R&D funding for graduate students

We examine the effect of academic institutional characteristics on research funding grant success for graduate students. This article draws upon the US National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP). We match a set of graduate students to their graduate programs to examine whether higher education institutional factors mediate funding assignment to award or honorable mention. We find evidence that a series of leadership, peer, programmatic, and university characteristics are associated with grant funding outcomes. Notably, faculty research and peer quality are associated with award success, while the signal of being at a public institution decreases the likelihood of award receipt. Moreover, while we find that larger programs are more likely to have graduate students that receive awards, the larger, lower-ranked programs exhibit inefficiencies in scaling the activity. This implies that these programs may face coordination costs that are detrimental to the rate of graduate student success.
Frailty and Perioperative Outcomes

Frailty is associated with serious adverse outcomes, such as disability, health care utilization, and death in the perioperative period. In this review, we discuss surgical outcomes in a frail individual, and risk stratification for a frail individual. Frailty is associated with increased length of hospital stay and 30- and 90-day mortality. The data on association of frailty on discharge to home and quality of life is scant, but it is likely that they are closely related. Prehabilitation involving a diet and exercise program seems to improve outcomes in the frail surgical candidates. Making a surgical decision in frail patients is complex. Frailty is commonly associated with the older age group. The balance between high operative risk and the potential benefits of surgery is not always clear. The challenge lies in effectively identifying patients that will benefit most from operative intervention and then optimize them for surgery.
Support vector machines for classification of automotive radar interference

This paper studies classification of the automotive radar interference waveforms via support vector machine (SVM). Automotive radar implemented in advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) is an essential sensor in road traffic safety, e.g., moving target indication, collision avoidance and enhanced navigation system. However, radar-to-radar interference is inevitable as the number of automotive radar increases. Our work shows different types of radar-to-radar interference with analyzing the received signal. Providing linear frequency modulated transmitting (LFM) signal, filtering and dechirping techniques, the classification of six different types of radar-to-radar interference are presented and analyzed. Time-frequency domain signal and range-doppler profiles of different types of interference are simulated. The machine learning classifier of SVM of multi-class high-dimensional waveform data classification is used to classify different interference waveforms and non-interference waveforms. Random produced dataset is cross validated through the SVM classifier. Different types of interference prediction accuracies are shown and verified by the proposed method. The confusion matrix of interference and non­interference, detecting different types of interference and classifying all incoming receiving signal are presented.
DATING METHODS, OVERVIEW

Developing secure chronological information through the use of various dating methods is a priority in archaeological research. Understanding exactly what information is actually obtained using dating methods is crucial for evaluating their application to diverse archaeological problems and contexts. Factors that impact the meaning of archaeological dates are discussed. A brief review of the history of archaeological dating is then presented, followed by a description and appraisal of the different dating techniques used in archaeology.
Femoral to Anterior Tibial Artery Bypass with Non-reversed Great Saphenous Vein

A non-reversed great saphenous vein bypass has several advantages. Such a bypass allows for a good size match between the vein and the target infrapopliteal artery. The valvulotomy may be easier to perform as the vein is free in the surgeon’s hands rather than still attached to the leg. It also allows for tunneling the bypass through various routes decreasing its vulnerability should a wound complication develop. Furthermore, it allows for flexibility in using different inflow sources especially when the usable vein length is limited and a more distal inflow source is necessary for the vein to reach the target vessel. Its potential disadvantages include vein ischemia during harvesting and trauma to the vein and endothelium during harvesting and valvulotomy.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Structure of White Ash (Fraxinus Americana L.) Wood

Wood, a natural polymer, is characterized by complex dynamic mechanical properties which are a function of temperature, specimen history and other factors. For white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), a relaxation process, believed to be associated with presence of water, is present in the 200°K region. Damping peaks are also present near 360°K and 550°K, and these give evidence of other relaxation mechanisms in wood. The relaxation behavior below room temperature has been studied with regard to both water and another additive (ethylenediamine). DSC scans and measurements of effluent released as a function of temperature illustrate the changes taking place in the material during testing. Carbonization of wood in a N2 atmosphere has been studied and the results obtained are discussed. Scanning electron micrographs, taken on the carbonized specimens, illustrate the effects of the treatment and the ultra- structure of the ash system.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Forensic Treatment

Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) are based on the premise that people’s behaviors influence their thoughts, while their thoughts likewise influence their behaviors. Therefore, from a CBT perspective, psychological symptoms can be alleviated by restructuring the problematic thoughts and/or behaviors that underlie the symptoms. Applied to the practice of forensic treatment, CBT involves assessing the client’s functioning in the criminal risk domains associated with reoffending and identifying the criminogenic thinking patterns and lifestyle factors (unhealthy routines, relationships, and habits) that facilitate the client’s antisocial behavior. Once identified, the relevant thinking patterns and lifestyle factors are targeted for change in the context of a collaborative therapeutic alliance. Support for the effectiveness of CBT in forensic treatment has come from meta-analyses indicating its effectiveness in reducing general, sexual, drug-related, and violent recidivism. CBT is utilized in group and individual treatments in community and institutional forensic settings. More recently, attempts have been made to integrate CBT into the practice of community supervision by training probation and parole officers to use CBT techniques in their supervision sessions with their clients. These initiatives have shown promise in improving officer communication skills, focusing supervision sessions on relevant thinking and behavior patterns, and, most importantly, reducing reoffending among clients serving their sentence in the community.
Geometric probability, psychophysics and invariance

The perception of the noisy visual world around us naturally combines geometry and probability with psychophysics. So how do we perceive geometric objects from a probabilistic perspective, i.e. infer randomness in a spatial setting ? To test this psychophysically, we use a set of simple experiments to distinguish between probability distributions of planar line images connected with Buffon’s needle and Bertrand’s paradox, two classic exemplars of geometric probability. We find that participants associate greater randomness with images that are invariant under the sub-groups of translation, rotation, and scale. An information theoretic framework centered around the Radon (Hough) transform captures the observed behavioral results, and suggests that symmetry and chance are embedded in human visual perception.
Multihazard Design and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Buildings with Special Moment–Resisting Steel Frames

AbstractThis study evaluates the economic viability of allowing for controlled inelastic deformation of special moment–resisting buildings during wind storms. This is achieved through a set of case...
Seed Production and Germination of Eight Cultivars and the Wild Type of Ruellia tweediana: A Potentially Invasive Ornamental

Abstract Seed production and the influence of light and temperature on germination were determined for eight cultivars and the wild type form of Mexican petunia (Ruellia tweediana Griseb). The wild type form of R. tweediana has been ranked by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council as a Category I invasive plant, meaning it has invaded and is disrupting native plant communities in Florida. The cultivar ‘Purple Showers’ did not set any seed. Peak flowering and seed production for other cultivars generally occurred in August with ‘Morado Chi’, ‘Chi Chi’, and the wild type plants producing approximately three times the amount of seed produced by ‘Katie Pink’, ‘Katie Purple’, ‘Katie White’, and ‘Snow White’. For seed germination, significant cultivar x light interactions occurred for each temperature treatment. Some germination was observed at each temperature except for ‘Katie Purple’, ‘Katie Variegated’, and ‘Katie White’ at 33C (91.4F) without light. Regardless of cultivar or provision of light, 94-100% germ...
The Opportunity – VAWA 2013 Reauthorization Provides a Natural Experiment for Bystander Efficacy Evaluation

This methods paper describes the fractional factorial design within the context of an evaluation of campus bystander programming. Prior evaluations include relative program comparisons, but do not reflect campus implementation of specific aspects of prevention programming. Campuses use combinations of programs, delivered across modalities, audiences, intensity, and degrees of requirement. Bystander program evaluation, in a natural experiment, must consider combinations of these components. This evaluation offers a novel application of the fractional factorial framework, considering combinations of program components, as implemented, within a multi-campus quasi-experimental design. Leveraging qualitative data, cluster analysis provides an initial identification of bystander program component combinations, mapped to experimental conditions. SAS v9.4 PROC FACTEX constructs possible fractional factorial designs to estimate main effects. From key informant interviews, primary program components are determined: delivery method, level of skill-building, degree of requirement, and intended audience. A total of seven combinations are identified. Using presence or absence of program components, a partial factorial structure is identified, where component clusters comprised seven of the 24 = 16 possible combinations. The smallest number of experimental conditions necessary for estimating these effects is determined with PROC FACTEX. Resulting designs indicate the necessary experimental conditions for determining bystander program component effectiveness available within this study. Our fractional factorial approach offers a novel strategy for planning an evaluation of several bystander program component combinations. This paper provides foundational elements needed to implement a bystander evaluation design, with the requisite emphasis on program components and relevant combinations, while optimizing number of participating campuses.
Relative size underlies alternative morph development in a salamander

Size thresholds commonly underlie the induction of alternative morphological states. However, the respective importance of absolute and relative size to such thresholds remains uncertain. If absolute size governs expression, morph frequency should differ among environments that influence absolute sizes (e.g. resources, competition), and individuals of the same morph should have similar average sizes across environments. If relative size determines expression, the frequency of each morph may not differ among environments, but morphs within each environment should differ in size relative to one another. We tested these predictions in a salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) that develops into either a terrestrial metamorph or an aquatic paedomorph. To generate size variation within and among environments, we reared individuals in mesocosm ponds across three conspecific densities. We found that morph frequency did not differ among density treatments, and the morphs were not similarly sized within each density treatment. Instead, within each environment, relatively larger individuals became metamorphs and relatively smaller individuals became paedomorphs. Relative size therefore determined morph development, highlighting the importance of an individual’s social context to size-dependent morph induction.
Cell-programmed nutrient partitioning in the tumour microenvironment

Cancer cells characteristically consume glucose through Warburg metabolism1, a process that forms the basis of tumour imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). Tumour-infiltrating immune cells also rely on glucose, and impaired immune cell metabolism in the tumour microenvironment (TME) contributes to immune evasion by tumour cells2–4. However, whether the metabolism of immune cells is dysregulated in the TME by cell-intrinsic programs or by competition with cancer cells for limited nutrients remains unclear. Here we used PET tracers to measure the access to and uptake of glucose and glutamine by specific cell subsets in the TME. Notably, myeloid cells had the greatest capacity to take up intratumoral glucose, followed by T cells and cancer cells, across a range of cancer models. By contrast, cancer cells showed the highest uptake of glutamine. This distinct nutrient partitioning was programmed in a cell-intrinsic manner through mTORC1 signalling and the expression of genes related to the metabolism of glucose and glutamine. Inhibiting glutamine uptake enhanced glucose uptake across tumour-resident cell types, showing that glutamine metabolism suppresses glucose uptake without glucose being a limiting factor in the TME. Thus, cell-intrinsic programs drive the preferential acquisition of glucose and glutamine by immune and cancer cells, respectively. Cell-selective partitioning of these nutrients could be exploited to develop therapies and imaging strategies to enhance or monitor the metabolic programs and activities of specific cell populations in the TME. Positron emission tomography measurements of nutrient uptake in cells of the tumour microenvironment reveal cell-intrinsic partitioning in which glucose uptake is higher in myeloid cells, whereas glutamine is preferentially acquired by cancer cells.
Neural Networks: A New Tool for Predicting Thrift Failures

A neural network model that processes input data consisting of financial ratios is developed to predict financial institution failure. The network's ability to discriminate between healthy and failed institutions is compared to a traditional statistical logit model. We find that the neural network has performed as well or better than logit for failure prediction. We also observe that, in some cases, when the cutoff point was lowered, the reduction in Type I errors committed was accompanied by greater increases in Type II errors for the logit model than for the neural network. This may be an important result when examiners factor in the cost of committing Type I and Type II errors. The neural network, which uses the same financial data, requires fewer assumptions, achieves a higher degree of prediction accuracy, and is more robust.
Figuring Fact from Fiction: Unbiased Polling of Memory T Cells

Immunization generates several memory T cell subsets that differ in their migratory properties, anatomic distribution, and, hence, accessibility to investigation. In this issue, Steinert et al. demonstrate that what was believed to be a minor memory cell subset in peripheral tissues has been dramatically underestimated. Thus, current models of protective immunity require revision.
Long-term outcomes of combined endoscopic/laparoscopic intragastric enucleation of presumed gastric stromal tumors.

Purpose Definitive surgical treatment of gastric myogenic neoplasms such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) typically involves full-thickness resection of the lesion with normal gastric wall as the margin. This is not readily possible with proximal gastric lesions near the gastroesophageal junction, nor necessary for small incidental lesions. We have employed a combined endoscopic/laparoscopic intraluminal enucleation technique for selected patients and report long-term surveillance following this novel technique.
Self-action cw-pulsed lasers and glare attenuators

This article reports a patented nonlinear fiber array [US Patent #5,589.101-Khoo] faceplate device and several newly developed materials that are capable of spatial frequency discrimination and intensity dependent transmission. In addition, because of the temporal range spanning nanosecond laser pulses to cw light sources, the device possesses response time and responses capable of self-action in such time scales. This paper presents theoretical modeling of device operational principle and experimental demonstration results for cw and pulsed lasers.
THE EARLY MOTHER-INFANT ADJUSTMENT.

The ability of the physician to evaluate and predict the individual innate capacities of an infant for interaction with his environment can be blended with an understanding of the mother to effect a positive start in the mother-infant relationship. The psychological adjustments required of a new mother and the psychophysiological homeostatic mechanisms of the baby9s first week offer the pediatrician opportunities for important observation and effective assistance. Two cases serve to demonstrate divergent reactions between mothers and their new babies, as they adjust to each other. The recognition of the role each of the participants plays in this first adjustment becomes important to the pediatrician in his efforts to strengthen a positive mother-infant relationship.
Isolation and characterization of a platelet membrane protein related to the vitronectin receptor.

Abstract Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa is the most prominent Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-binding adhesion receptor on platelets. By affinity chromatography on an immobilized RGD peptide, we have investigated the possible existence of other platelet-associated adhesion receptors that bind RGD peptides. When an octyl glucoside extract of surface-radioiodinated platelets was applied to an affinity matrix of KYGRGDS-coupled Sepharose 4B, a 160-kDa-labeled protein (P160) and GPIIb-IIIa bound and were specifically eluted by soluble GRGDSP peptide, but not by the variant GRGESP peptide. Furthermore, a dodecapeptide corresponding to fibrinogen gamma 400-411 eluted only GPIIb-IIIa but not P160 from the RGD affinity matrix. Characterization of P160 by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by the O'Farrell gel electrophoresis system indicated that P160 is a component of platelet GPIc. GoH3, a monoclonal antibody recognizing the alpha subunit of the very late antigen-6, failed to immunoprecipitate P160 from the RGD eluate, indicating that it did not contain the very late antigen-6 alpha subunit. In immunoblots, P160 reacted specifically with a polyclonal anti-peptide antibody recognizing the alpha subunit of the vitronectin receptor (VnR), but not with the monoclonal anti-GPIIb antibody PMI-1, suggesting that P160 is the alpha subunit of platelet VnR. This possibility was further substantiated by the complete identity between the determined amino-terminal sequence of P160 and the known sequence of the VnR alpha subunit. Moreover, direct association of P160 with a beta subunit having an apparent molecular weight similar to that of GPIIIa was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with LM609, an anti-VnR complex monoclonal antibody. These results indicate that the VnR complex is present on platelets and may play a functional role in platelet adhesive reactions.
On algebraic $\sigma$-groups

We introduce the categories of algebraic σ-varieties and σ-groups over a difference field (K, σ). Under a "linearly σ-closed" assumption on (K, a) we prove an isotriviality theorem for σ-groups. This theorem immediately yields the key lemma in a proof of the Manin-Mumford conjecture. The present paper crucially uses ideas of Pilay and Ziegler (2003) but in a model theory free manner. The applications to Manin-Mumford are inspired by Hrushovski's work (2001) and are also closely related to papers of Pink and Roessler (2002 and 2004).
Metal-molecule-semiconductor heterostructures for nanoelectronic applications

The present work focuses on metal-molecule-semiconductor (Au-molecule-GaAs) heterostructures. Four probe I-V measurements on the Au-molecule-GaAs device was calculated at room temperature. The presence of the molecular layer lower the effective barrier height due to the relatively low dielectric constant of the molecules and in some cases, the net dipole moment of the molecules. FTIR spectra was explained for 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) monolayer on GaAs.
Inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, C(8) and C(5') substitutions.

Abstract The C(8) and C(5') positions of base and nucleoside substrates of human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) are promising sites for the development of an inhibitor of this enzyme. The substrate analog, 8-aminoguanine (8-AG), has the lowest dissociation constant (Ki = 0.2–1.2 μM) of any compound reported to date and Vmax = 16 per cent (relative to guanine). Other C(8) substituents decreased the affinity for PNP and, with the exception of the methyl and sulfhydryl groups, abolished substrate activity. Halogens or a thiomethyl group at C(5') of inosine resulted in unchanged or improved affinities (Ki = 10–30 μM) and greatly decreased substrate activity (Vmax
Management Turnover And Succession Planning In Firms

In this study, I investigate some of the issues involved in the process of CEO succession. Parrino (1997) suggests that one way for organizations to reduce their succession costs is to have formal succession plans. I provide evidence consistent with firms managing succession so as to reduce succession costs. I show that the probability of top executive turnover is higher for firms that have succession plans. Also such firms are more likely to have inside succession. I also find that firms that ex-ante expect to have high costs of outside succession are more likely to do succession planning. Specifically, I find that succession planning is more likely in firms in heterogeneous industries, in larger firms, and in diversified firms.
Gastrointestinal manifestations of the muscular dystrophies

Skeletal and cardiac muscle involvement is a recognized feature of the muscular dystrophies. Visceral smooth muscle involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is not as well appreciated. Gastrointestinal symptoms may herald the onset of a muscular disorder and may be the predominant feature of the disorder. In some instances, smooth muscle dysfunction may be the only clinical manifestation of the disease. The gastrointestinal manifestations of the various muscular dystrophies are reviewed. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic features are discussed. Further study of the histopathology and pathophysiology of visceral smooth muscle involvement in the muscular dystrophies will have a substantial impact on treatment that, to a large extent, remains empiric.
Frequency Analysis of Time Series

Consider a sequence of observations y 1, y 2,..., y n taken at equally spaced time intervals. Some of the many sources of such data are production from industrial units, national economic data, and regularly recorded biological data (e.g., blood pressures taken at regular intervals) . The distinguishing characteristic of time series data is that because data are being taken on the same object over time, the individual observations are correlated.
The dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) SNP rs1076560 is associated with opioid addiction

Summary The risk for drug addiction is partially heritable. Genes of the dopamine system are likely candidates to harbour risk variants, as dopamine neurotransmission is involved in mediating the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. One functional single nucleotide polymorphism in dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), rs1076560, is involved in regulating splicing of the gene and alters the ratio of DRD2 isoforms located pre- and postsynaptically. rs1076560 has been previously associated with cocaine abuse and we set out to confirm this association in a sample of European American (EA) (n = 336) and African American (AA) (n = 1034) cocaine addicts and EA (n = 656) and AA (n = 668) controls. We also analysed the role of rs1076560 in opioid dependence by genotyping EA (n = 1041) and AA (n = 284) opioid addicts. rs1076560 was found to be nominally associated with opioid dependence in EAs (p = 0.02, OR = 1.27) and AAs (p = 0.03, OR = 1.43). When both opioid-addicted ancestral samples were combined, rs1076560 was significantly associated with increased risk for drug dependence (p = 0.0038, OR = 1.29). This association remained significant after correction for multiple testing. No association was found with cocaine dependence. These data demonstrate the importance of dopamine gene variants in the risk for opioid dependence and highlight a functional polymorphism that warrants further study.
Fault Lines in the Terrain of Distance Education.

Abstract Distance education holds out the same hope as education in general (equal opportunity for all) and combines that hope with a popular belief in the socially transformative power of technology. The relatively new terrain of distance education contains some ideological fault lines that we need to watch. The geologic metaphor illustrates ways that both students and teachers may be differentially displaced by distance education. To map the displacements, the essay examines differential access, differential perceptions of teachers’ roles, and differential retention patterns.
Efficient algorithms for bidirectional debugging

This paper discusses our research into algorithms for creating an efficient bidirectional debugger in which all traditional forward movement commands can be performed with equal ease in the reverse direction. We expect that adding these backwards movement capabilities to a debugger will greatly increase its efficacy as a programming tool.The efficiency of our methods arises from our use of event counters that are embedded into the program being debugged. These counters are used to precisely identify the desired target event on the fly as the target program executes. This is in contrast to traditional debuggers that may trap back to the debugger many times for some movements. For reverse movements we re-execute the program (possibly using two passes) to identify and stop at the desired earlier point. Our counter based techniques are essential for these reverse movements because they allow us to efficiently execute through the millions of events encountered during re-execution.Two other important components of this debugger are its I/O logging and checkpointing. We log and later replay the results of system calls to ensure deterministic re-execution, and we use checkpointing to bound the amount of re-execution used for reverse movements. Short movements generally appear instantaneous, and the time for longer movements is usually bounded within a small constant factor of the temporal distance moved back.
Several views of metal halide and high-pressure sodium lighting for outdoor applications

Metal halide (MH) lighting systems are gaining in acceptance relative to high-pressure sodium (HPS) lighting systems for many night time applications. The present paper describes a series of studies carried out to address some of the ‘quality’ issues associated with MH and HPS lighting systems. HPS and MH installations were compared in terms of perceptions of brightness and safety, acceptability for social interaction, facial recognition and eyewitness identification. At equal photopic light levels, a street scene illuminated at night by an MH lighting system was reliably seen as brighter and safer than the same scene illuminated by an HPS system. In terms of acceptability for social interaction, facial recognition and many aspects of eyewitness identification, the measured differences between lighting systems were not as clear.
Research as Ideology in Professional Communication.

This article claims that the debate over research in professional communication is grounded in ideology. The article discusses the ideologies of two research perspectives: a functionalist perspective, common in much social scientific research, and a critical interpretive perspective, currently emerging in disciplines other than our own. The article sets recent discussions of research in professional communication within a functionalist framework, then posits that a critical interpretive ideology provides an alternative. The interests advanced by both perspectives are discussed, and the viability of critical interpretive research in professional communication is supported.
Chemical identification of icosahedral structure for cobalt and nickel clusters

Reactions of bare and hydrogenated cobalt and nickel clusters with ammonia and with water are used to determine cluster geometrical structure. Saturation measurements determine the total number of ammonia binding sites on cluster surfaces. A pattern of minima in the number of such sites is found to correlate with the sequence of closed shells and subshells expected for icosahedral packing in the 50- to 120-atom size range (50- to 200-atom range for hydrogenated clusters). In many cases there are 12 sites at the minima, the number that would be expected for preferred ammonia binding sites on closed (sub)shells of icosahedral clusters. The equilibrium adsorption of a single water molecule provides a sensitive measure of changes in cluster-water binding energy. A pattern of binding energy maxima is found, once again correlating with icosahedral structure, but for clusters having one metal atom more than the closed (sub)shells. In general, hydrogenation enhances the patterns of minima and maxima. These observations are explained in terms of the expected nature of ammonia and water binding to icosahedral clusters.
Alpha,Omega-Diphenyl and Alpha, Omega-Cyclohexylphenyl Derivatives of AminoAlkanes and Hydroxy Amino Alkanes

Eight alpha, omega-dicarbocyclic derivatives of amino alkanes, four alpha, omega-dicarbocyclic derivatives of hydroxy amino alkanes and one alpha, omega-dicarbocyclic derivative of amino oxo alkane have been prepared for pharmacological evaluation as depressors.
Arbitrary pulse shape synthesis via nonuniform transmission lines

A discrete inverse scattering technique is used to define the impedance profile for a nonuniform transmission line which reflects an arbitrary waveform. Initially charged nonuniform lines, switched out into a general load, can also be synthesized by this method, and are discussed. The direct or layer peeling algorithm is applied to generate profiles which are subsequently analyzed using the one-dimensional finite difference method and fabricated in stripline. Excitation for the nonuniform line is done by using a charged line connected to a photoconductive Si switch triggered by a mode-locked YLF laser. Several lines were fabricated relevant to amplitude modulation of the master oscillator laser pulse for fusion experiments. Using the layer peeling method, a complex high-voltage pulse shape for use in laser fusion experiments is synthesized to an extraordinary degree of precision. It is possible to generate any arbitrary pulse shape by reflecting a step pulse off a synthesized nonuniform transmission line provided the power spectrum of the reflected pulse does not exceed that of the input pulse at any frequency. >
An analog BiCMOS Hopfield neuron

We present an analog BiCMOS neuron circuit with linear input synapses which implements the standard Hopfield neuron model. The use of bipolar transistors allows linear multiplication, exact replication of the sigmoid function, and precise linear gain control. SPICE simulations are presented which demonstrate the properties of the neuron. The use of the basic neuron structure to build multilayer networks is discussed, as are some large-scale integration issues.
Harmonic Generation in Transformers Related to DC Excitation and System Loading

Experimental results are presented showing the effects of both dc excitation and load variations on transformer harmonic generation in single phase and three phase systems.
COMPARISON OF AN ELECTRON-ATOM-SCATTERING DESCRIPTION WITH GAS-PHASE SCATTERING DATA FOR HE, NE, AR, KR, AND XE

Recent measurements of complete Auger electron emission angular distributions from solid surfaces have pointed to the need for an accurate description of Auger electron scattering at surfaces and the angular intensity distributions which result. Presented here is a description of electron−atom scattering which includes the effects of inhomogeneous elastic scattering as required for analysis of Auger electron emission angular distributions from ordered solid surfaces. As a first test of the description, use is made of elastic scattering differential cross-section measurements reported by various workers for scattering of electrons by rare gas atoms (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). These gas-phase data allow the elastic portion of the description to be tested in the absence of complications due to long-range structure and multiple scattering. The resulting simulations, which span the kinetic energy range from 50 to 100 eV, are found to be in good agreement with the gas-phase scattering data, suggesting future appl...
Experimental demonstration of a buried-channel charge-coupled device in 6H silicon carbide

Fundamental operation of the first buried-channel charge-coupled device (BCCD) in 6H-SiC is presented. The n-type buried-channel was formed by ion implantation of nitrogen, and a double level overlapping-polysilicon-gate process was adapted to the SiC MOS system. An electron mobility of 200 cm/sup 2//Vs was measured in the channel, which is doped 1.6/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/. An eight-stage, four-phase BCCD shift register was operated in the pseudo-two-phase configuration at room temperature. At 5.5 kHz, the charge transfer efficiency is greater than 99.4%.
Does language learning disability in school-age children affect semantic word learning when reading?

AbstractPurpose: The study was undertaken to determine how position of informative context, rate of word presentation and part of speech impacted novel word learning during reading in children with language learning disability.Method: Children with language learning disability (LLD; n = 13), age-matched peers (n = 13) and vocabulary-matched peers (n = 13) read four narrative passages containing 10 nouns and 10 verbs. Informative context provided clues to word meanings and was either adjacent or non-adjacent to the target words. Target words occurred either twice (low rate) or 5-times (high rate). Following reading, word learning was assessed using dynamic assessment, including oral definitions, contextual clues and forced choices.Result: Overall, age-matched peers performed better than children with LLD and vocabulary-matched peers, who performed similarly. No effect was found for position of informative context; however, word learning improved with high rate of presentation for children with LLD. Nouns w...
Efficiencies and photofractions of some commonly used NaI(TI) well crystals

A knowledge of the ratio of the number of gamma rays that are completely absorbed in the crystal to the total number of gamma rays that interact at least once is necessary in evaluating a detector for applications involving selective pulse-height analysis. A calculation of this ratio, called the photofraction, p(E), is complicated by the variable source volumes encountered in practice, and, as a result, an empirical study of p(E) as a function of crystal and sample geometry was made for four different scintillation spectrometers. (auth)
A Dst contribution to the equatorward shift of the aurora

Abstract It is observed that in the course of at least one major magnetic storm, during aurorally quiet pauses, the poleward limit of auoral activity is shifted 10–15° equatorward of its typical non-storm-time limit. The storm-time ring current will contribute to the equatorward shift by expanding the size of the magnetosphere, causing an increase in the magnetic flux in the tail that maps into the aurorally inactive polar cap. We use a new model of the ring current to estimate the size of the ring current effect on the shift in the poleward limit. One calculated example that is probably representative gives a shift of between 5 and 10° corresponding to a Dst in the range from −300 to −600 nT.
An asymmetric Si/Si1−xGex channel vertical p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor

Abstract In this study, we discuss a vertical p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor device structure with an asymmetric Si/Si1−xGex deep submicron (100 nm) channel. The source and source end of the channel are made of Si while rest of the channel and the drain are made of strained Si1−xGex. Compared with conventional Si device, the drive current of this asymmetric channel device is improved due to high electric field near the source end, high pinchoff voltage and high hole mobility in the strained Si1−xGex layer. The short channel effects and punchthrough are not degraded because the source and channel junction is made of Si, instead of strained Si1−xGex which has a smaller band gap.
From intrusive thoughts to obsessions: The role of perceptions of responsibility, salience, and thought suppression

Abstract Salkovskis [1985. Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 571–583.] hypothesized that intrusive thoughts are more likely to occur if the thought is salient for the individual, triggers feelings of responsibility and if the individual attempts to suppress the thought. The relationship between these three factors (responsibility, salience, thought suppression) and frequency of intrusive thoughts as well as anxiety were examined in the present study. One hundred female college students were led to believe that a snake had escaped from the cage in which it was housed. Half of the participants were led to believe that they were responsible for the snake's escape and half were not (Responsibility/No Responsibility). Half of the participants in each Responsibility condition were instructed to suppress thoughts of snakes during a stream of consciousness exercise and half were not (Thought Suppression vs. No Thought Suppression). All participants then completed a second stream of consciousness without suppression instructions. Salience groups were determined by a median split on a measure of snake fearfulness. Participants for whom the snake was a salient stimulus and who believed that they were responsible for the snake's escape had the highest frequency of snake thoughts during the second stream of consciousness task and also experienced the highest levels of state anxiety. Findings are discussed with respect to Salkovskis' model.
Mining the TRAF6/p62 interactome for a selective ubiquitination motif.

A new approach is described here to predict ubiquitinated substrates of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRAF6, which takes into account its interaction with the scaffold protein SQSTM1/p62. A novel TRAF6 ubiquitination motif defined as [–(hydrophobic)–k–(hydrophobic)–x–x–(hydrophobic)– (polar)–(hydrophobic)–(polar)–(hydrophobic)] was identified and used to screen the TRAF6/p62 interactome composed of 155 proteins, that were either TRAF6 or p62 interactors, or a negative dataset, composed of 54 proteins with no known association to either TRAF6 or p62. NRIF (K19), TrkA (K485), TrkB (K811), TrkC (K602 and K815), NTRK2 (K828), NTRK3 (K829) and MBP (K169) were found to possess a perfect match for the amino acid consensus motif for TRAF6/p62 ubiquitination. Subsequent analyses revealed that this motif was biased to the C-terminal regions of the protein (nearly 50% the sites), and had preference for loops (~50%) and helices (~37%) over beta-strands (15% or less). In addition, the motif was observed to be in regions that were highly solvent accessible (nearly 90%). Our findings suggest that specific Lysines may be selected for ubiquitination based upon an embedded code defined by a specific amino acid motif with structural determinants. Collectively, our results reveal an unappreciated role for the scaffold protein in targeting ubiquitination. The findings described herein could be used to aid in identification of other E3/scaffold ubiquitination sites.
The process of building a process manager: architecture and design patterns

Process Managers are applications that implement and manage process flows integrating people, information, and technology. They allow customers to improve organizational productivity while satisfying governance and compliance requirements. This paper describes the design challenges in building Process Managers in contrast with workflow-based applications. A methodology is presented which includes using industry best practice processes, usage scenario analysis, and architecture and design patterns that have been derived from lessons learned over the last few years of building Process Managers. Although the approach and design methodology are described for the information-technology-enabled service management domain, the overall design principles are expected to be of interest for most process management domains.
Adsorption of 99TcO4 − onto hydrotalcite and calcined hydrotalcite under basic conditions: influence of humic acids and anions

The remediation of technetium-99 (99Tc) at contaminated sites remains a major challenge, as Tc high solubility and anionic nature under oxic conditions lead to high contaminant mobility. Hydrotalcite, a form of anionic clay, can strongly retain anions, especially upon mineral calcination. However, naturally occurring humic acids can also sorb onto hydrotalcite, therefore competing with TcO4 − for sorption sites. This work explores the ability of hydrotalcite to retain TcO4 − in presence of humic substances to evaluate the efficacy of hydrotalcite for Tc remediation in natural environment. Results show that calcined hydrotalcite can immobilize TcO4 −, while the presence of 23 ppm humic acids has little influence on TcO4 − uptake. However, additional monatomic and polyatomic anions in solution can compete with TcO4 − for sorption sites on hydrotalcite.
Numerical comparison of techniques for estimating Doppler velocity time series from coherent sea surface scattering measurements

A number of techniques for estimating the Doppler velocity time series from coherent sea surface scattering measurements are compared by observing their behaviour with computer simulated signals. These techniques include the finite difference instantaneous frequency estimator, the covariance moment estimation technique, tracking the peak of the short-time Fourier transform and tracking the peak of the cross Wigner–Ville time–frequency distribution. This comparison is achieved by examining the ability of each technique to track the instantaneous frequency of a unity amplitude, sinusoidal frequency law, complex exponential signal embedded in white Gaussian noise. The response of the estimators to various signal conditions, including low signal-to-noise ratios, high Doppler frequency excursions and high modulation frequencies, is investigated. Using the results, consideration is given to the suitability of each technique for estimating the magnitude, phase and power spectrum of the Doppler velocity time series. These are fundamental quantities required for studying sea surface scattering mechanisms and remotely sensing oceanographic properties.
Not just a place to sleep: homeless perspectives on libraries in central Michigan

Purpose – This study aims to focus on a qualitative and quantitative assessment of how homeless people in the USA use libraries. Libraries, especially in urban areas, have a complicated relationship with homeless patrons. It is easy to assume that homeless populations use libraries as a safe place to avoid the elements or to sleep. This paper considers the other ways that people without permanent housing are using libraries, how they perceive libraries, and what their specific information needs might be.Design/methodology/approach – The primary method of data collection involved surveys conducted with over 100 homeless individuals in central Michigan in 2009, supplemented with information about area library policies that specifically affect this population.Findings – Many homeless people in central Michigan use libraries frequently. They most often read for entertainment and use the internet. Survey respondents tended to be appreciative of library services. Local social service agencies are a primary sour...
Stratospheric HNO3 quantification from line-by-line nonlinear least-squares analysis of high-resolution balloon-borne solar absorption spectra in the 870-cm-1 region.

Line parameters for the nu(5) and 2nu(9) bands and associated hot bands of HNO3 have been calculated and compared with laboratory spectra, and the results are presented. Spectral intervals near 870/cm for which best agreement was obtained are used to quantitatively analyze HNO3 absorption features in 0.02/cm resolution stratospheric solar absorption spectra.
Transsexualism: Some Theological and Ethical Perspectives

Abstract: The debates in church and theological circles regarding sexuality have been dominated by the subject of homosexuality. There has been far less theological discussion and ethical reflection regarding transgendered people and transsexualism in particular. This article introduces readers to some basic facts about transsexualism and to a selection of theological and ethical responses to this phenomenon with particular attention to how the notion of “disordered sexuality” is a factor in both the debate over the ethical status of transsexualism and homosexual unions.