cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationships among Holland's personality types measured by an adjective checklist

Abstract A test of the personality constructs hypothesized by Holland was performed using a list of adjectives believed to be descriptive of the respective types. Subjects were 174 undergraduate psychology students who were directed to indicate whether or not each of 78 adjectives was self-descriptive. Scores for Holland's six types were obtained based on the number of adjectives endorsed for each type. Distances between types in factor space were analyzed for correspondence with Holland's model. The sample used the adjectives to describe themselves in a manner consistent with Holland's model, however the correspondence was closer for males than females.
Applying Cognitive Load Theory to the Design of Online Learning.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the application of cognitive load theory to the design of online instruction. Students in three different courses (N = 146) were measured on both learning performance and perceptions of mental effort to see if there were any statistically significant differences. The study utilized a quasi-experimental posttest-only control group design contrasting modified and unmodified instructional lessons. Both groups were given a posttest to measure knowledge gained from the lesson (cognitive domain of learning) and perceptions of mental effort involved. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare the mean performance scores of the treatment groups (i.e. the sections using redesigned materials) versus the control groups for all three courses. Cohen's d was also computed to determine effect size. Mental effort scores were similarly compared for each group on the overall cognitive load score, for a total of six data points in the study. Of the four hypotheses examined, three (H1, H2, H4) found no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Negative significance was found between the experimental and control group on the effect of modality (H3). On measures of cognitive load, no statistically significant differences were found.
Pulmonary arterial remodeling revealed by microfocal x-ray tomography

Animal models and micro-CT imaging are useful for understanding the functional consequences of, and identifying the genes involved in, the remodeling of vascular structures that accompanies pulmonary vascular disease. Using a micro-CT scanner to image contrast-enhanced arteries in excised lungs from fawn hooded rats (a strain genetically susceptible to hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension), we found that portions of the pulmonary arterial tree downstream from a given diameter were morphometrically indistinguishable. This 'self-consistency' property provided a means for summarizing the pulmonary arterial tree architecture and mechanical properties using a parameter vector obtained from measurements of the contiguous set of vessel segments comprising the longest (principal) pathway and its branches over a range of vascular pressures. This parameter vector was used to characterize the pulmonary vascular remodeling that occurred in rats exposed to a hypoxic (11.5% oxygen) environment and provided the input to a hemodynamic model relating structure to function. The major effect of the remodeling was a longitudinally (pulmonary artery to arterioles) uniform decrease in vessel distensibility that resulted in a 90% increase in arterial resistance. Despite the almost uniform change in vessel distensibility, over 50% of the resistance increase was attributable to vessels with unstressed diameters less than 125 microns.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE EMBRYOLOGY OF THE INTERCALATED DISC IN THE HEART OF THE RABBIT

Prenatal and postnatal cardiac muscle from rabbits has been studied by electron microscopy, after osmium fixation and methacrylate embedding. The observations showed that 1. Cell membranes divide the muscle into cellular units from the youngest embryo which was studied (9½ days after coitus) until the adult state. 2. The embryonic muscle cells contain only one nucleus, whereas the adult cell may be multinucleated. 3. At all stages of development, wherever a myofibrillar axis crosses a cellular boundary, the myofilaments are interrupted by an intercalated disc. 4. With age, increase in size and complexity of the discs render them recognisable by the light microscope.
Picosecond pulsed magnetic fields for studies of ultrafast magnetic phenomena

Ultrafast optical techniques were used to develop novel time-resolved probes of magnetic dynamics. Picosecond-scale magnetic field pulses were launched from a photoconductive switch and applied to small samples which were then probed by time-delayed optical pulses, yielded temporal information in a conventional stroboscopic manner. Characteristics of the magnetic field pulses are described and illustrated through measurements of rapid relaxation effects in europium sulfide films at low temperatures. >
A ratio-independent cyclic A/D conversion technique

A cyclic A/D (analog-to-digital) conversion technique is presented for achieving a conversion performance independent of capacitor ratios. Based on the concept of charge redistribution, the method requires only two operations per bit. This technique can be realized by a switched-capacitor circuit with two balanced operation amplifiers and a comparator. With the balanced structure, the charge injection effect of the switches is also effectively minimized. >
Chromatin structure and transposable elements in organismal aging.

Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are increasingly appreciated as central to a diverse array of biological processes, including aging. An association between heterochromatic silencing and longevity has long been recognized in yeast, and in more recent years evidence has accumulated of age-related chromatin changes in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mouse model systems, as well as in the tissue culture-based replicative senescence model of cell aging. In addition, a number of studies have linked expression of transposable elements (TEs), as well as changes in the RNAi pathways that cells use to combat TEs, to the aging process. This review summarizes the recent evidence linking chromatin structure and function to aging, with a particular focus on the relationship of heterochromatin structure to organismal aging.
Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorders in the Veterans Health Administration

Objective: Acamprosate, oral and long-acting injectable naltrexone, and disulfiram are approved for treatment of alcohol dependence. Their availability and consideration of their use in treatment are now standards of high-quality care. This study determined rates of medication initiation among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients. Methods: VHA pharmacy and administrative data were used to identify patients with alcohol use disorder diagnoses in fiscal years (FY) 2006 and 2007 and the proportion (nationally and by facility) who received each medication. Patient characteristics associated with receipt were also examined. Results: Among more than a quarter-million patients with alcohol use disorder diagnoses, the percentage receiving any of the medications increased from 2.8% in FY 2006 to 3.0% in FY 2007. Receipt of these medications was more likely among patients who received specialty addiction care, those with alcohol dependence (compared with abuse), those younger than 55 years, and females. In the patient subgroups examined, the largest proportion to receive any of the medications was 11.6%. Across 128 VHA facilities, rates of use among patients in the sample who had received past-year specialty addiction treatment ranged from 0% to 20.5%; rates ranged from 0% to 4.3% among those with no specialty treatment. Patient preferences and medical contraindications could not be determined from the data. Conclusions: Findings suggest the need to better understand systemwide variation in use of these medications and their use as a rough proxy for availability and consideration of pharmacotherapy—a standard of care with strong organizational support. (Psychiatric Services 61:392–398, 2010)
Plasma renin and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Framingham Heart Study

59; 53% women) and in a hypertensive subset (n ¼ 1413). Methods and results On follow-up (mean 7.1 years), 176 participants (122 hypertensives) developed CVD and 215 individuals (127 hypertensives) died. Overall, log-renin was associated with mortality [multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio (HR) per SD increment: in whole sample, 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00‐1.30, P ¼ 0.046; hypertensives, 1.16, 95% CI 1.00‐1.35, P ¼ 0.046], but relations varied over time (P , 0.02). Log-renin was associated with mortality at 2.5 years of follow-up (HR per SD increment: whole sample at 2.5 years, 1.23, 95% CI 1.04‐1.45; hypertensives at 2 years, 1.28, 95% CI 1.06‐1.54), but not during longer follow-up (HR per SD increment at 5 years: whole sample, 1.02, 95% CI 0.80‐1.29; hypertensives, 0.98, 95% CI 0.74‐1.30). The time-dependent relation of renin and mortality risk was maintainedupon excluding participants with prevalent CVD. Renin was not associated with CVD incidence (HR per SD increment log-renin: whole sample, 0.99, 95% CI 0.85‐1.14; hypertensives, 0.96, 95% CI 0.82‐1.12). Conclusion Higher plasma renin was associated with greater short-term mortality but not with CVD incidence in the community.
La germanofobia de Vicente Blasco en Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis

A pesar de la investigacion mas reciente sobre la obra de Blasco Ibanez, algunas de las deficiencias de su novela titulada Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis nunca se han senalado. La falta de motivacion psicologica en las escenas de guerra, la interpretacion erronea de la historia alemana, y la dicotomia blanco-negro en su interpretacion de los alemanes frente a los franceses son cosas que pueden, de hecho, ser llamados los defectos de la novela. El extraordinario exito de este trabajo en los Estados Unidos se debe a su gran atractivo emocional para el lector, debido al hecho de que el espiritu anti-aleman en el que la novela fue compuesta apelo al estado de animo anti-aleman reinante en los Estados Unidos despues de la Guerra . Y, sin embargo, la antipatia de Blasco Ibanez hacia los alemanes no puede tomarse demasiado en serio, ya que no hay otra cara de este autor, que admiraba la misma gente que eligio para atacar. In spite of the more recent research on Blasco Ibanez's work, some of the shortcomings of his novel entitled The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse have never been pointed out. The lack of any psychological motivation in the war scenes, the erroneous interpretation of German history, and the black-white dichotomy in his portrayal of the Germans versus the French are things that can, indeed, be called the shortcomings of the novel. The extraordinary success of this work in America was due to its great emotional appeal to the reader, owing to the fact that the anti-German spirit in which the novel was composed appealed to the anti-German mood reigning in the United States after the War. And yet, Blasco Ibanez's antipathy towards the Germans cannot be taken too seriously, since there there is another side of this author which admired the very same people he chose to attack.
User Behavior Modeling in a Cellular Network Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Insights into the behavior and preference of mobile device users from their web browsing/application activities are critical components of any successful dynamic content recommendation system, mobile advertisement platform, or web personalization initiative. In this paper we use an unsupervised topic model to understand the interests of the cellular users based upon their browsing profile. We posit that the length of time a user remains on a given website is positively correlated with the user’s interest in the website’s content. We propose an extended model to integrate this duration information efficiently by oversampling the URLs.
A Review of “The Baptism of Early Virginia: How Christianity Created Race”

In this reconsideration of colonial Virginia, NYU associate professor of history Rebecca Ann Goetz successfully weaves a tale of how religion and race came to be conflated terms. Goetz argues that ...
An Opinion of Counsel from Trial Counsel: A Handful of Sand?

This article examines the ethical and liability issues that arise when patent litigation counsel authors an opinion of counsel, often used to rebut a charge of willful infringement. Included is a discussion of advocate-as-witness disqualification, conflicts of interest, and privilege waiver.
Statement of Financial Economists Roundtable on Risk Disclosure by Mutual Funds

The Financial Economists Roundtable (FER) is a group of senior financial economists who have made significant contributions to the finance literature and seek to apply their knowledge to current policy debates. The Roundtable focuses on microeconomic issues in investments, corporate finance, and financial institutions and markets, both in the U.S. and internationally. Its major objective is to create a forum for intellectual interaction that promotes in-depth analyses of current policy issues in order to raise the level of public and private policy debate and improve the quality of policy decisions. FER was founded in 1993 and meets annually. Members attending a FER meeting discuss specific policy issues on which statements may be adopted. When a statement is issued, it reflects a consensus among at least two-thirds of the attending members and is signed by all members supporting it. The statements are intended to increase the awareness and understanding of public policy makers, the financial economics profession, the communications media, and the general public. FER statements are distributed to the financial and economic academic and practitioner communities, relevant policy makers, and the media.
Questioning tests of hadron production models based on minimum-bias distributions on transverse energy

A recent study reports measurements of transverse-energy ${E}_{t}$ distributions at midrapidity for several high-energy nuclear collision systems. The ${E}_{t}$ data are analyzed in the context of constituent-quark (CQ) participants estimated with a Glauber-model simulation. The study concludes that systematic variations of hadron and ${E}_{t}$ yields previously interpreted in terms of a two-component $\mathrm{soft}+\mathrm{hard}$ model (TCM) of hadron production including a dijet (hard) contribution are actually the result of CQ participant trends with only soft production. It is claimed that deviations from linear scaling with the number of nucleon participants of hadron yields vs $A\ensuremath{-}A$ centrality do not actually arise from dijet production, as previously assumed. In the present study I examine the new ${E}_{t}$ data in the context of the TCM and compare those results with previous differential spectrum and minimum-bias correlation analysis. I present substantial evidence supporting a significant dijet contribution to all high-energy nuclear collisions consistent with the TCM and conclude that the ${E}_{t}$ data, given their systematic uncertainties, fail to support claimed CQ model interpretations.
Trends and outcomes of gestational surrogacy in the United States.

Objective To evaluate trends and reproductive outcomes of gestational surrogacy in the United States. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Infertility clinics. Patient(s) IVF cycles transferring at least one embryo. Intervention(s) Use of a gestational carrier. Main Outcome Measure(s) Trends in gestational carrier cycles during 1999–2013, overall and for non-U.S. residents; reproductive outcomes for gestational carrier and nongestational carrier cycles during 2009–2013, stratified by the use of donor or nondonor oocytes. Result(s) Of 2,071,984 assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles performed during 1999–2013, 30,927 (1.9%) used a gestational carrier. The number of gestational carrier cycles increased from 727 (1.0%) in 1999 to 3,432 (2.5%) in 2013. Among gestational carrier cycles, the proportion with non-U.S. residents declined during 1999–2005 (9.5% to 3.0%) but increased during 2006–2013 (6.3% to 18.5%). Gestational carrier cycles using nondonor oocytes had higher rates of implantation (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.26), clinical pregnancy (aRR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.10–1.19), live birth (aRR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.12–1.21), and preterm delivery (aRR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.23) compared with nongestational carrier cycles. When using donor oocytes, multiple birth rates were higher among gestational carrier compared with nongestational carrier cycles (aRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.19). Conclusion(s) Use of gestational carriers increased during 1999–2013. Gestational carrier cycles had higher rates of ART success than nongestational carrier cycles, but multiple birth and preterm delivery rates were also higher. These risks may be mitigated by transferring fewer embryos given the higher success rates among gestational carrier cycles.
Proficiency of office microbiology testing.

Microbiology proficiency testing results from smaller physicians’ office laboratories in the state of Pennsylvania are reviewed. Possible reasons for lower performance levels are discussed, and some approaches to improving microbiology proficiency in this setting are suggested.
The management of esophageal motility disorders.

Until now, management has remained heavily dependent on physical measures to stretch smooth muscle by dilation or surgical myotomy. Pharmacologic treatment has played a secondary but significant role—one that may well be enhanced by renewed interest in the anticholinergics and the utilization of the calcium channel blockers. New treatment strategies are evolving.
Effects of vitamin A on growth and differentiation of human tracheobronchial epithelial cell cultures in serum-free medium.

Differentiating epithelial cell cultures from human tracheobronchial epithelium have been propagated in serum-free medium. The major objective of this study was to examine the trophic effects of vitamin A on cell multiplication and morphology of the tracheal cell cultures. The cellular responses were analyzed in terms of growth kinetics, morphological and ultrastructural alterations and secretion of glycoconjugates. Cell cultures in control medium exhibited characteristics of epithelial cells including microvilli on cell surfaces, desmosomes between cells, and numerous secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm. Vitamin A at 10(−6) M and 10(−7) M inhibited cell replication and enhanced the secretion of [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoconjugates. Further, vitamin A increased the production of plasma membrane vesicles and acquisition by the cells of a highly secretory ultrastructure. This in vitro model of human epithelial cells will be important in the investigation of various aspects of growth and differentiation.
A new memetic algorithm with GA crossover technique to solve Single Source Shortest Path (SSSP) problem

This paper addresses one of the potential graphbased problems that arises when an optimal shortest path solution, or near optimal solution is acceptable, namely the Single Source Shortest Path (SSSP) problem. The single source shortest path problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that has long challenged researchers. The objective of the SSSP is to find the path between two nodes with shortest length (weight). For solving this problem, a new technique Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping algorithm (MSFLA) with GA cross-over is developed and evaluated. SFLA is a meta-heuristic search method inspired by natural memetics. It combines the benefits of both meme-based Memetic Algorithm (MA) and social behaviour based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this paper some modification of SFLA is done and also GA Cross-over is implemented and applied it to SSSP problem. Some problems from references are solved using the proposed algorithm and an implementation study is presented. The implementation study shows the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Exaggerated Response To Toll-Like Receptor Agonist Contributes To Excessive TNF Production In Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

Rationale: Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF) is elevated in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) and plays a key role in expansion of the JAK2 V617F neoplastic clone. A high TNF environment, as is the case in MPN patients, gives TNF resistant JAK2 V617F mutant cells a selective advantage over their TNF sensitive non-mutant counterparts resulting in expansion of the neoplastic clone. To efficiently target TNF production therapeutically it is necessary to identify the mechanism driving this excessive TNF production. TNF is classically produced by monocytes after stimulation through Toll-like receptors (TLR), crucial pattern recognition receptors for microbial products. Because TLR signaling plays an integral role in inflammation and TNF production we hypothesized that exaggerated signaling of the TLR pathway is the mechanism by which TNF is overproduced in MPN. To test this hypothesis we quantified TLR responses in monocytes from MPN patients and normal controls. Results: We compared the response of peripheral blood monocytes from MPN versus normal controls to the TLR agonists R848 (TLR7/8), LPS (TLR4), or zymosan (TLR2). After stimulation with each of these TLR agonists for 24 hours, CD14 + monocytes from MPN patients (n=18) produced increased amounts of TNF (measured by ELISA) as compared to normal controls (n=10) at all concentrations tested (p + CD14 + ) monocytes in MPN. We next used phosflow to detect whether MPN patients have abnormal activation of downstream signaling molecules following stimulation with TLR agonists. At early time points (15min) following stimulation, MPN patients (n=6) and normal controls (n=6) phosphorylated p38 and ERK1/2 equally. At later time points (2hrs) MPN patients maintained phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2, whereas in normal controls phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 returned to baseline (p TLR ligation induces a negative feedback loop culminating in the production of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine which serves to dampen TNF production. We next used intracellular flow cytometry to determine whether the excessive TNF production in MPN is due to a failure to dampen TNF production over time. Monocytes from normal controls (n=12) cease production of TNF by 9 hours post LPS stimulation, whereas MPN monocytes (n=8) continue producing TNF (p Conclusions: We find that MPN monocytes produce excessive amounts of TNF in response to TLR ligation. This excessive production of TNF is due to a defect in the negative regulatory feedback loop which normally serves to dampen TNF production. Targeting the TLR pathway therapeutically in MPN may serve to reduce TNF production and neutralize the selective advantage of the JAK2 V617F neoplastic clone, ultimately leading to a reduction in the JAK2 V617F allele burden. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
IP subnet negotiation in Wi-Fi direct for seamless multi-group communications

Wi-Fi Direct has been gaining popularity in recent years as a mean for device-to-device communications. Adopting such technology allows portable devices, such as smart phones, to form groups for data sharing without the need for any infrastructure support. Interconnecting multiple groups allows broader coverage and enables the use of Wi-Fi direct in applications such as disaster recovery. However, the current implementation of Wi-Fi direct in popular software environments, such as Android, lacks proper support for multi-group communications. One of the limitations in Android is that all created groups share the same IP subnet. Thus, even if multiple Wi-Fi Direct groups could be interconnected, still bidirectional communications between some devices would not be possible. In this paper, we propose an IP Subnet Negotiation Protocol for Seamless Multi-Group Communications (ISNP) to address such limitation. ISNP is composed of two modules, one at the application level and the other at the OS level that allow Wi-Fi Direct groups to have distinct IP subnets. ISNP can be integrated with other Wi-Fi Direct multi-grouping protocols to allow bidirectional links between groups. In addition, ISNP is flexible, as it allows devices with no modification to its OS to still participate in the protocol, and lightweight, as it does not force the devices to form any type of connection before running ISNP. ISNP is validated through implementation on Android devices. The validation results have confirmed ISNP's efficiency and its ability of avoiding conflicts between IP subnets.
Effects of cell-cycle-dependent expression on random fluctuations in protein levels

Expression of many genes varies as a cell transitions through different cell-cycle stages. How coupling between stochastic expression and cell cycle impacts cell-to-cell variability (noise) in the level of protein is not well understood. We analyse a model where a stable protein is synthesized in random bursts, and the frequency with which bursts occur varies within the cell cycle. Formulae quantifying the extent of fluctuations in the protein copy number are derived and decomposed into components arising from the cell cycle and stochastic processes. The latter stochastic component represents contributions from bursty expression and errors incurred during partitioning of molecules between daughter cells. These formulae reveal an interesting trade-off: cell-cycle dependencies that amplify the noise contribution from bursty expression also attenuate the contribution from partitioning errors. We investigate the existence of optimum strategies for coupling expression to the cell cycle that minimize the stochastic component. Intriguingly, results show that a zero production rate throughout the cell cycle, with expression only occurring just before cell division, minimizes noise from bursty expression for a fixed mean protein level. By contrast, the optimal strategy in the case of partitioning errors is to make the protein just after cell division. We provide examples of regulatory proteins that are expressed only towards the end of the cell cycle, and argue that such strategies enhance robustness of cell-cycle decisions to the intrinsic stochasticity of gene expression.
Integrity of edible nano-coatings and its effects on quality of strawberries subjected to simulated in-transit vibrations

Abstract Strawberries are a popular fruit with a pleasing color and flavor. However, its delicate tissue and high sugar content makes it highly perishable with visible mold. In this study, we have attempted to test feasibility of a new edible coating for extending shelf life of ‘Chandler’ strawberries subjected to simulated vibrations of local transportation. Six types of coatings were compared based on the quality of treated berries. Curcumin and limonene were used as natural antimicrobials and coatings were prepared from their liposomes and were over-coated with methyl cellulose. One set of each coating type were subjected to the simulated vibration of local transportation. The vibrated samples had lower shelf life than non-vibrated samples, indicating a robust coating which remains intact during road vibrations is required. Based on the number of berries with visible mold, limonene liposomes showed significantly lower fungal growth compared to the control on the 14th day of storage. Titratable acidity and total phenolic contents were also found to be higher in limonene coated strawberries compared to other coatings. Further study is suggested to test liposome coatings of limonene with different particle size to improve integrity of the coatings when strawberries are subjected to local transportation.
A New History Experience Replay Design for Model-free Adaptive Dynamic Programming

Abstract An adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) controller is a powerful control technique that has been investigated, designed and tested in a wide range of applications for solving optimal control problems in complex systems. The performance of the ADP controller is usually obtained by long training periods because the data usage efficiency is low as it discards the samples once used. History experience, also known as experience replay, is a powerful technique showing potential to accelerate the training process of learning and control. However, the existing design of history experience cannot be directly used for the model-free ADP design, because the existing work focuses on the forward temporal difference (TD) information (e.g., state-action pair). This information is between the current time step and the future time step and will need a model network for future information prediction. This paper proposes a new history experience replay design to avoid the usage of the model network or identifier of the system/environment. Specifically, we designed the experience tuple with one step backward state-action information and the TD can be achieved by a previous time step and a current time step. In addition, a systematic approach is proposed to integrate history experience in both the critic and action networks of the ADP controller design. The proposed approach is tested for two case studies: a cart-pole balancing task and a triple-link pendulum balancing task. For fair comparison, we set the same initial starting states and initial weight parameters for both approaches under the same simulation environment. The statistical results show that the proposed approach can improve the required average number of trials to succeed as well as the success rate. In general, the proposed approach improved the required average trial to succeed by 26.5% for cart-pole and 43% for triple-link balancing tasks.
Vortex-based Control Algorithms

In high Reynolds number flows, interactions between coherent vortical structures are key to understanding dynamics. In this paper we review methods of control that rely on this observation. Control of vortex dynamics is pursued using a variety of reduced-order representations of the dynamics, such as point vortices, vortex blobs and vortex patches. Control algorithms designed based on such representations are applied in many contexts of which we review a few of the most common ones, such as wake vorticity control and recirculation zone vortex control. We also review some of our own work in the area of vortex control concentrated on two-vortex merging interactions. The methods used are those of averaging in the case of limited control authority and the nonlinear control method of flat coordinates.
Commentary: The State of Learning: A Preview

This article gives some background information on the authors’ forthcoming book, The State of Learning. There are many challenges facing educators who want to bring education into the 21st century. At the same time, the explosion of technology has the potential to make education more available and influential than ever before. Education is taking place on a large stage and is not just confined to schools. We must rethink the foundations of education so it can truly benefit from new technology.
Does Substance Use Exacerbate Escalation Along Developmental Pathways of Covert and Overt Externalizing Behaviors Among Young Men

The delinquency pathway model proposes that the majority of those who engage in serious delinquent acts have gone through a sequence of externalizing behaviors from less to more serious delinquent behaviors. This study examined whether the frequency of alcohol, marijuana, and hard drugs exacerbated escalation through the covert and overt pathways. Data came from the youngest cohort of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (N = 503). The young men were followed from mean age of 7 to mean age of 20. Sequences of offending were based on ages of onset of covert and overt delinquent behaviors. Survival analyses were conducted to examine the associations of frequency of use with risk for and timing of movement from the lowest to the highest level in each pathway. The frequency of alcohol and marijuana use was related to greater risk of moving from the lowest to the highest level in both pathways, and hard drug use vs. nonuse was associated with moving from minor aggression to violence. Reducing the frequency of substance use may interrupt escalation through the covert and overt pathways for young men once they enter the first level.
Reported thought as (hypothetical) assessment

Abstract This conversation analytic study examines the use of reported thought in advice-giving sequences. In particular, the study focuses on how the writing instructor uses reported thought as an interactional resource to provide a critical assessment on student writing. The target practice takes the following format: quotative (e.g., be like) + response particle (e.g., oh, okay, well) + clause (e.g., there's this random image here). The analyses show how the reported thought depicts a reader's real-time reaction to the current issue in student writing as well as to the potential issue to be avoided. Such a depiction provides a case for the instructor's accompanying advice for revision. As the practice of embedding reported thought allows the instructor to displace speakership and respond to student writing as an intended reader, it is used as an instructional tool to “bend space and time” (Barnes and Moss, 2007, p. 142) and substantiate the here-and-now advice. This study has implications for conversational analytic work on reported speech and thought and advice-giving in educational discourse.
Vision Screening with Random Dot Stereograms

Preschool vision screening programs using visual acuity criteria as the basis for referral are hampered by untestability, overreferral and probable underreferral. Contour-type stereograms have fail...
Comprehensive Review of Nutritional Components for Occupational Health Nurses—Part 1:

This article, the first in a two-part series, reviews and examines the components of clinical nutrition. In Part 1, the authors introduce the concept of nutrition and the role it plays in supporting healthy employees, current guidelines, and recommendations for determining healthy eating and the nutritional component of carbohydrates. In Part 2, the components of fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water, and a resource guide are provided for the occupational health nurse to assist in the implementation of employee education in the area of healthy nutrition. The intent of the articles is to acquaint and inform occupational health nurses on the current guidelines for healthy eating so they can better appraise their employee population, thus creating a healthier workforce. The information provided is not all-inclusive on the topics discussed, but provides a foundation to understand the requirements for a healthier workforce.
An evolutionary simulation optimization framework for interruptible load management in the smart grid

Abstract Demand response (DR) is one of the most promising ways to control peak energy demand in power networks that allows customers to make informed decisions regarding their energy consumption, and helps the energy providers reduce the peak load demand and reshape the load profile. Most of the existing DR strategies consider constant energy loads for devices in the system; however, energy load variation poses a major challenge to the feasibility of the solutions acquired by existing techniques. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary simulation optimization framework to implement an interruptive DR strategy on a smart grid with uncertain device loads. The proposed framework aims at adjusting the peak demand to the desired demand curve while ensuring the network reliability. This framework includes three components that interact and cooperate with each other: (1) a genetic algorithm that progressively improves the existing scenarios or discovers new scenarios for the interruption, (2) a simulation model that simulates the performance of selected scenarios, and (3) a design ranking algorithm that optimizes the allocation of simulation replications and identifies the top m best scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated on a simulated smart grid that includes 29 different types of devices. The results of the proposed framework are quite promising in terms of feasibility where it acquires at least 4 times as many feasible solutions as existing approaches do.
A cautionary note on global recalibration

We report a mathematical result that casts doubt on the possibility of recalibration of probabilities using calibration curves. We then discuss how to interpret this result in the light of behavioral research.
Die Starrheit der Polyeder

Ein Pappmodell eines konvexen Polyeders P wird entlang seiner Kanten in etliche Polygone zerschnitten. Das sind die Flachen von P. Es liegt eine vollstandige Adjazenzliste (Liste der Nachbarn) vor: Die Flachen F i und F j haben eine gemeinsame Kante E k . Nach dieser Liste setzt man ein Polyeder P′ zusammen, indem man die Flachen entlang derselben Kanten wie in P aneinander klebt. Ist P′ notwendigerweise kongruent zu P?
A nutrition support team led by general surgeons decreases inappropriate use of total parenteral nutrition on a surgical service.

The purpose of this study was to decrease the number of inappropriate orders for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in surgical patients. From February 1999 through November 2000 and between July 2001 and June 2002, the surgeon-guided adult nutrition support team (NST) at a university hospital monitored new TPN orders for appropriateness and specific indication. In April 1999, the NST was given authority to discontinue inappropriate TPN orders. Indications, based on the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) standards, included short gut, severe pancreatitis, severe malnutrition/catabolism with inability to enterally feed ≥5 days, inability to enterally feed >50 per cent of nutritional needs ≥9 days, enterocutaneous fistula, intra-abdominal leak, bowel obstruction, chylothorax, ischemic bowel, hemodynamic instability, massive gastrointestinal bleed, and lack of abdominal wall integrity. The number of inappropriate TPN orders declined from 62/194 (32.0%) in the first 11 months of the study to 22/168 (13.1%) in the second 11 months (P < 0.0001). This number further declined to 17/215 (7.9%) in the final 12 months of data collection, but compared to the second 11 months, this decrease was not statistically significant (P = 0.1347). The involvement of a surgical NST was associated with a reduction in inappropriate TPN orders without a change in overall use.
Bleeding Associated with Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

A mandatory and necessary component of any coronary intervention is the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, which lowers thrombotic risk yet simultaneously exposes patients to potential bleeding harm. Over the last several decades numerous antithrombotic drugs have been investigated and received approval based upon lowering thrombotic events, albeit at an excess cost of bleeding. Currently bleeding is the most common early complication associated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Beside the higher healthcare costs, bleeding complications are associated with a higher risk of mortality [Aggarwal B, Ellis SG, Lincoff AM, Kapadia SR, Cacchione J, Raymond RE, Cho L, Bajzer C, Nair R, Franco I, Simpfendorfer C, Tuzcu EM, Whitlow PL, Shishehbor MH, J Am Coll Cardiol 62:409–415, 2013]. In order to improve quality of care and outcomes, several studies have been conducted to better stratify bleeding risk, implement uniform bleeding scales, and develop preventive measures. In this chapter we provide a review on definition, risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of bleeding complications associated with interventional procedures.
Characteristics Associated with Pathologic Nodal Burden in Patients Presenting with Clinical Melanoma Nodal Metastasis

Nodal observation is safe for patients with microscopic melanoma metastasis in a sentinel lymph node (LN). Complete LN dissection (CLND) remains the standard of care for patients with clinically evident LN (cLN) metastases, even though about 40% have only one pathologic LN (pLN). We sought to identify clinical features associated with having one pLN among patients with cLNs. Patients at three melanoma centers who underwent CLND for cLNs were identified. Clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics associated with one pLN were determined by multivariable logistic regression and classification tree analysis. Of 190 patients, 90 (47.4%) had one pLN and 100 (52.6%) had more than one pLN. By multivariable logistic regression, extremity versus truncal primary (odds ratio [OR] 2.15, p = 0.012), axillary versus superficial inguinal location (OR 3.89, p = 0.009), and preoperative cross-sectional imaging demonstrating more than one versus one cLN (OR 17.1, p 6.55 mm (n = 17); and (2) if unknown primary or Breslow thickness ≤ 6.55 mm, then LN diameter > 1.8 cm in the inguinal location (n = 22). The majority of patients with one cLN from melanoma by preoperative imaging will harbor no additional pathologic nodes on CLND. Safety of nodal observation after clinical nodal excision in these patients, particularly in an era of effective adjuvant therapies, deserves prospective evaluation.
Comparison of the characteristics and clinical course of 677 patients with metastatic lung cancers with mutations in KRAS codons 12 and 13.

8025 Background: Patients (pts) with KRAS mutant lung cancers have a shorter survival compared to pts with KRAS/EGFR wild type tumors (Johnson et al, Cancer 2012). Whether outcomes for patients wit...
Doxorubicin causes lesions in the electron transport system of skeletal muscle mitochondria that are associated with a loss of contractile function

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline-based chemotherapeutic that causes myotoxicity with symptoms persisting beyond treatment. Patients experience muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, and atrophy, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Studies investigating doxorubicin-induced myotoxicity have reported disrupted mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are responsible for regulating both cellular energy status and Ca2+ handling, both of which impact contractile function. Moreover, loss of mitochondrial integrity may initiate muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysregulation may therefore contribute to an overall loss of skeletal muscle quality and performance that may be mitigated by appropriately targeted mitochondrial therapies. We therefore assessed the impact of doxorubicin on muscle performance and applied a multiplexed assay platform to diagnose alterations in mitochondrial respiratory control. Mice received a clinically relevant dose of doxorubicin delivered systemically and were euthanized 72 h later. We measured extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscle forces, fatigue, and contractile kinetics in vitro, along with Ca2+ uptake in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum. Isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria were used for real-time respirometry or frozen for protein content and activity assays. Doxorubicin impaired muscle performance, which was indicated by reduced force production, fatigue resistance, and sarcoplasmic reticulum–Ca2+ uptake, which were associated with a substrate-independent reduction in respiration and membrane potential but no changes in the NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ redox state. Protein content and dehydrogenase activity results corroborated these findings, indicating that doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial impairments are located upstream of ATP synthase within the electron transport system. Collectively, doxorubicin-induced lesions likely span mitochondrial complexes I–IV, providing potential targets for alleviating doxorubicin myotoxicity.
Educating the Global Citizen or the Global Consumer

In this paper I review three models of language that have dominated language learning and teaching in the last 40 years: the textual model, the information exchange model, and the multilingual model. I analyze each one and consider how it stacks up to instances of language use in a globalized world. I then propose moving beyond the metaphors of citizens and consumers, and consider language teaching as educating denizens of a global ecology that requires sensitivity to context, political awareness, ethical answerability and a good dose of situational cunning.
The Bank of England

Established in 1684, the Bank of England (BoE) is the central bank of the United Kingdom. The BoE is an independent public organization, wholly owned by the Treasury Solicitor on behalf of the government. The BoE's conduct of monetary policy is seen by many as a model for the rest of the central banks.61 The BoE is the sole issuer of bank notes in England and Wales, and regulates the issue of bank notes by commercial banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland. The BoE also manages the United Kingdom’s gold reserve and its foreign exchange reserve. Monetary policy is conducted by the Monetary Policy Committee, a talented group of experts.
Playing with The White Album

This article examines ways the authors have taught the Beatles’ White Album in college classrooms. While it is possible to approach the work through the lens of satire and parody, another is to ask...
RGB-D Object SLAM Using Quadrics for Indoor Environments.

Indoor service robots need to build an object-centric semantic map to understand and execute human instructions. Conventional visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems build a map using geometric features such as points, lines, and planes as landmarks. However, they lack a semantic understanding of the environment. This paper proposes an object-level semantic SLAM algorithm based on RGB-D data, which uses a quadric surface as an object model to compactly represent the object’s position, orientation, and shape. This paper proposes and derives two types of RGB-D camera-quadric observation models: a complete model and a partial model. The complete model combines object detection and point cloud data to estimate a complete ellipsoid in a single RGB-D frame. The partial model is activated when the depth data is severely missing because of illuminations or occlusions, which uses bounding boxes from object detection to constrain objects. Compared with the state-of-the-art quadric SLAM algorithms that use a monocular observation model, the RGB-D observation model reduces the requirements of the observation number and viewing angle changes, which helps improve the accuracy and robustness. This paper introduces a nonparametric pose graph to solve data associations in the back end, and innovatively applies it to the quadric surface model. We thoroughly evaluated the algorithm on two public datasets and an author-collected mobile robot dataset in a home-like environment. We obtained obvious improvements on the localization accuracy and mapping effects compared with two state-of-the-art object SLAM algorithms.
Product review of the rotavirus vaccines ROTASIIL, ROTAVAC, and Rotavin-M1

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis and death due to diarrhea among children under 5, causing over 180,000 under-5 deaths annually. Safe, effective rotavirus vaccines have been available for over a decade and are used in over 98 countries. In addition to the globally available, WHO-prequalified ROTARIX (GSK) and RotaTeq (Merck), several new rotavirus vaccines have attained national licensure - ROTAVAC (Bharat Biotech) and ROTASIIL (Serum Institute of India), licensed and manufactured in India and now WHO-prequalified, and Rotavin-M1 (PolyVac), licensed and manufactured in Vietnam. In this review, we summarize the available clinical trial and post-introduction evidence for these three new orally administered rotavirus vaccines. All three vaccines have demonstrated safety and efficacy against rotavirus diarrhea, although publicly available preclinical data are limited in some cases. This expanding product landscape presents a range of options to optimize immunization programs, and new presentations of each vaccine are currently under development.