cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zircon 4He/3He thermochronometry

Abstract Multiple thermochronometric methods are often required to constrain time-continuous rock exhumation for studying tectonic processes or development of km-scale topography at Earth’s surface. Here, we explore 4He/3He thermochronometry of zircon as a method for constraining continuous time–temperature (t–T) paths of individual samples through a temperature range that is complementary to methods such as 40Ar/39Ar thermochronometry of K-feldspar and 4He/3He thermochronometry of apatite. For different cooling rates and diffusion domain size, the temperature sensitivity of zircon 4He/3He thermochronometry ranges from slightly less than 100 °C to slightly greater than 250 °C; a typical sample provides continuous thermal constraints over ∼100 °C within that range. Outside these temperatures, 4He in zircon will either be quantitatively retained or completely lost by volume diffusion. As proof-of-concept, we present stepwise release 4He/3He spectra and associated U and Th concentration maps measured by laser ablation ICP-MS analysis of individual crystal aliquots of Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT) zircon and of a more complex setting in the Sierra Nevada batholith that experienced reheating from a proximal basaltic intrusion, the Little Devil’s Postpile (LDP). The FCT zircon 4He/3He release spectra are consistent with a 4He spatial distribution dominated by alpha-ejection from crystal surfaces. The spatial distributions of U and Th measured in the same crystals do not substantially influence 4He/3He release spectra that are predicted for the known thermal history, even when incorporating spatially variable diffusivity due to accumulation of radiation damage. Conversely, the LDP 4He/3He release spectra are strongly influenced by the observed parent nuclide zonation. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of 4He production and diffusion, which incorporates crystal geometry, U and Th zonation, and spatially variable He diffusion kinetics, substantially improves the fit between measured and modeled 4He/3He release spectra for the independently known thermal history of the sample. We conclude that zircon 4He/3He thermochronometry provides accurate thermal constraints through geologic time, but certain applications of this technique may require 3D numerical modeling approaches.
Diagnostic Technology for Combustion Turbines in Power Plants

This paper addresses diagnostic technology for power generating combustion turbines. It covers measurement techniques and software to interpret measured data, including details of methods to analyze transient vibration data. The paper reviews diagnostic techniques for on-line condition assessment and automated diagnosis, together with methods for defining and solving specific operational problems. Measured quantities include vibration, low speed shaft run-out, blade tip clearance, blade temperature, case distortion, strain, and combustion flame condition. Analysis techniques include modal methods, detection of significant change, visualization, and hot section life management.
Comparison of lymphedema incidence between 2 lymphadenectomy techniques in patients with uterine cancer undergoing robotic staging.

Objective This study aimed to compare the incidence of lower extremity lymphedema in patients with uterine cancer after robotic staging using the following 2 methods: standard and selective pelvic lymphadenectomy. Materials and Methods Three hundred forty-four consecutive patients who presented with endometrial cancer from March 2007 to October 2012 underwent robotic staging. Surgeon A performed standard pelvic lymphadenectomy and surgeon B performed selective lymphadenectomy. Selective pelvic lymphadenectomy spared the lateral chain of the external iliac lymph nodes (LNs). The incidence of lymphedema and staging adequacy between the 2 groups were analyzed. Results Standard pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 238/344 (69.2%) patients and selective pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 106/344 (30.8%) patients. Conversion to laparotomy occurred in 2/344 cases (0.6%). Mean age for 344 patients was 63.6 (10) years and body mass index was 34.8 (10.1) kg/m2. The mean operative time was 162.3 (54.6) minutes. Postoperative hospitalization was 1.62 (1.93) days. Histology included 80.8% endometrioid adenocarcinomas and 19.2% clear cell, serous, and carcinosarcomas. Mean pelvic LN counts for the standard and selective pelvic lymphadenectomy groups were 16 (8.6) and 15.5 (7.1), respectively (P = 0.31). Mean numbers of para-aortic LNs retrieved for the standard and selective lymphadenectomy groups were 3.1 (4.1) and 4.9 (4.5), respectively (P Median follow-up was 29.3 months (interquartile range, 15.6–43.1 months). The difference in the incidence of lower extremity lymphedema was statistically significant: 4.6% (11/238 patients) in the standard lymphadenectomy group versus 0.9% (1/106 patients) in the selective lymphadenectomy group (P = 0.03). Conclusions When compared to the standard technique, selective pelvic lymphadenectomy with sparing of the lateral chain of the external iliac LNs is adequate and results in a lower incidence of lower extremity lymphedema.
The Durazo technique is beneficial in Egyptian liver transplant programs

For nearly four decades, the American people have partnered with the people of Egypt to promote an environment where all groups in Egyptian society – including women and minorities – can lead healthy, productive lives. USAID's program in Egypt, helped scientists and researchers collaborate with American universities aiming to learn about modern American scientific innovations. I was lucky that I have collaborated with one of the most premier USA universities in Hepatology and Liver surgery; UCLA, where I can apply all the liver new techniques I have learned in UCLA in Egypt. Durazo technique is one of very interesting method-post liver transplant, would decrease morbidities and mortalities not only in USA and Egypt, but also Globally.
Behavioral and emotional factors and treatment responses in a study of anovulatory infertile women

In a controlled treatment study of 49 anovulatory infertile women, responses to clomiphene citrate (CC) and placebo treatments were compared and associations of behavioral and emotional factors with treatment responses were investigated. In the first treatment series, ovulation occurred in 20 of 24 women in the CC group and 8 of 22 women in the placebo group. Pregnancy was achieved by 11 women during CC treatment and 3 women during placebo treatment. Overall, 28 women completed the protocol and 21 withdrew. Those who achieved pregnancy ( n= 14) did not differ significantly from the ovulation-only group ( n =22) on pretreatment measures of emotional, behavioral, and personality factors including the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-90), Eysenck Personality Inventory, Langner Screening Scale, Mood Analog Scale, Social Adjustment Scale, Mooney Problem Checklist, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Conclusions were that a placebo response was observed in both ovulation and pregnancy, but psychologic factors as measured in this sample were not associated with these treatment outcomes.
Optimal intraoperative protection of myocardium distal to coronary stenoses

Metabolic evidence of improved delivery of cardioplegic solutions by adjuvant use of nitroglycerin (NTG) and reinfusing these solutions distal to an obstructed coronary artery was sought in 40 dogs subjected to cold cardioplegic arrest. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded prior to initiating arrest by ultra-aortic root infusion. Cardioplegic solution was reinfused with the left anterior descending occluded throughout ischemia (Group I), or with this artery reopened, to simulate a completed distal anastomosis (Group II). Serial biopsy specimens of the left ventricular apex were assayed for adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate, while specimens from the posterior left ventricular wall served as controls. Regional myocardial temperatures were recorded throughout ischemia. Half of the hearts in each group received 300 μg of nitroglycerin in the cardioplegic solution. Adenosine triphosphate was preserved in myocardium distal to a patent coronary artery whether nitroglycerin was added to the cardioplegic solution or not (control, control + NTG). Moreover, nitroglycerin did not prevent the 26% to 34% (p
Field-wide flow simulation in fractured porous media within lattice Boltzmann framework

Abstract In this paper, a generalized lattice Boltzmann model for simulating fluid flow in porous media at the representative volume element scale is extended towards applications of hydraulically and naturally fractured reservoirs. The key element within the model is the development of boundary conditions for a vertical well and horizontal fracture with minimal node usage. In addition, the governing non-dimensional equations are derived and a new set of dimensionless numbers are presented for the simulation of a fractured reservoir system. Homogenous and heterogeneous vertical well and fracture systems are simulated and verified against commercial reservoir simulation suites. Results are in excellent agreement to analytical and finite difference solutions.
The Epsilon-2 hybrid dataflow architecture

Epsilon-2 is a general parallel computer architecture that combines the fine-grain parallelism of dataflow computing with the sequential efficiency common to von Neumann computing. Instruction-level synchronization, single-cycle context switches, and reduced-instruction-set-computer-like sequential efficiency are all supported in Epsilon-2. Epsilon-2 is based on an intrinsically parallel computation model. The instruction scheduling model of Epsilon-2 is a generalization of both the von Neumann and dataflow models. The storage model of Epsilon-2 is a parallel generalization of a traditional stack-based storage model. The system is built around a module consisting of a processor board and structure memory board, connected by a four-by-four crossbar, an input/output port, and the global interconnect. In this way, each additional unit of processing brings with it a unit of structure memory, a unit of I/O bandwidth, and a unit of global interconnect bandwidth. A sample code is presented in detail, and the progress of the physical implementation discussed. >
Assessment of Hepatic Impairment and Implications for Pharmacokinetics of Substance Use Treatment

Although the liver is the primary site of metabolism and biliary excretion for many medications, data are limited on the liver's pharmacokinetic abilities in cirrhosis. Cirrhosis develops through collagen deposition, eventually culminating in end-stage liver disease that compromises hepatic drug metabolism. Consequently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends evaluating the pharmacokinetics of medications in subjects with hepatic impairment if hepatic metabolism constitutes more than 20% of their elimination or if they have a narrow therapeutic range. A variety of noninvasive indices and radiologic procedures can be employed to assess hepatic drug metabolism and excretion. The Child-Pugh score is the most commonly used scale for assessing hepatic impairment among drugs submitted for US FDA approval. The score, originally developed to guide operative mortality in patients undergoing hepatic resection, has not been modified since its inception 5 decades ago. Furthermore, the score was not originally intended to be a guide for potential dose modification in patients with hepatic impairment. These reasons, in combination with the availability of a variety of new imaging modalities and an enhanced understanding of hepatic biology, should foster the development of novel methods to assess the effect of hepatic impairment on liver drug metabolism.
Importance of genetic heterogeneity in curing adult acute leukemia (AL)

s1 Forty-five years ago adult AL was incurable. Since then we have discovered the striking heterogeneity of AL and its importance in selecting therapy, resulting in cure of increasing numbers of patients. Publication of the French-American-British classification 34 years ago resulted in acceptance that morphology and cytochemistry separated AL into two different diseases, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), that required separate treatment. During the next 15–20 years the importance of cytogenetics in dissecting ALL and AML into entities requiring different therapies became widely accepted, resulting in 2001 in their first incorporation into the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of AL. Over the last 10 years, discovery of molecular abnormalities within cytogenetic groups has further increased our ability to selectively treat and increasingly cure AL. The most striking example of increased curability of AL is acute promyelocytic leukemia, in which targeted ther...
An Automated Virtual Lab for Bond Graph Based Dynamics Modeling Using Graph Grammars and Tree Search

This paper explores the concept of an automated virtual lab in the area of system design and analysis. The project combines different research activities in automated design analysis using the graph grammar and tree search methods. In particular, a graph grammar rule-based system to automatically generate bond graphs for various systems is developed. This is combined with similar grammar based rules and search algorithms to provide automation as well as context sensitive feedback to users of the virtual lab. Examples will be demonstrated to showcase the potential as well as how the virtual lab can be scaled using appropriate learning algorithms towards personalizing education.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Predicting Flight Environments with a Small-Scale, Direct-Field Acoustic Test Facility

In order to predict flight environments for ground support equipment, a small-scale, direct-field acoustic test (DFAT) laboratory was recently constructed at Sandia National Laboratories. This unique laboratory setup—consisting of 24 commercial off-the-shelf monitor speakers driven by a multi-input multi-output control system—was capable of exciting the component with an acoustic environment of 103 dB overall sound pressure level (OASPL). The resulting measured data was used to predict the flight environment response of the component and to derive vibration test specifications for future mechanical shaker testing. This paper describes the small-scale DFAT laboratory setup, the applied acoustic test method, and the process used to predict the flight environments for the given ground support equipment.
Living under Economic Colonization: A Philosophical Remark on Arendt’s Human Condition

The culture of economic colonization is at the background and yet at the center of Arendt’s Human Condition. This colonizing culture is perfectly actualized through work and labor under a rhythmic coordination of a pater familias. It is more than ever enslaving and alienating, since it excludes possibilities for self-emancipation and provides no room for individuality. Work and labor therefore stand on the opposite side to the political. The culture they offer is in nature contradictory to the one promoted by the political. Hence the political is believed to be the remedy of economic and political problems. It in essence promotes action, i.e., the culture necessary for human self-emancipation. Arendt’s position on the idea of the political, however, must not be taken for granted. Arendt’s insistence on direct participation in political life has reminded us that citizens must be able to take care of their own desires and interests. It would be naive to uncritically entrust one’s destiny, life, and future to the political authority or to the state.
Mill's Metaethical Non-cognitivism

In section I, I lay out key components of my favoured non-cognitivist interpretation of Mill's metaethics. In section II, I respond to several objections to this style of interpretation posed by Christopher Macleod. In section III, I respond to David Brink's treatment of the well-known ‘competent judges’ passage in Mill's Utilitarianism. I argue that important difficulties face both Brink's evidential interpretation and the rival constitutive interpretation that he proposes but rejects. I opt for a third interpretative option that I call the psychological interpretation. This interpretation makes sense of otherwise difficult aspects of chapter IV of Utilitarianism. In section IV, I offer some reasons for rejecting Nicholas Drake's claim that Mill is ultimately best characterized as a Humean constructivist. If we accept Drake's suggestion that Mill's non-cognitivism is compatible with his being a constructivist, I argue, we should view Mill as putting forward a distinctively Millian form of constructivism rather than a Humean one.
Fast magnetization of amorphous metallic cores

Due to their high saturation flux density, amorphous metallic alloys play a key role in linear induction accelerators that require ferromagnetic cores with sufficient volt-seconds to support multiple pulses. As both the shape of the material hysteresis curve and the core losses depend on the magnetization rate, dB/dt, measurements at various rates are necessary in any system model involving these alloys. We present the characterization of two candidate materials, Metglas 2605CO and 2605HB1M, at magnetization rates ranging from 1–6 T/ws. We also compare our results to published data [1].
The power of distance: Re-theorizing social movements in Latin America

Most scholars who work on Latin American social movements borrow frameworks developed by those who study Europe and North America. Little effort has been made to formulate alternative models deliberately sensitive to the unique political, social, cultural, and economic developments in Latin America. Furthermore, the two models most frequently utilized, mainly the political opportunity structure (POS) and new social movement (NSM) approaches, are limited in their explanatory potential and scope because they are built on "western" assumptions about state formation and state-society relations that do not hold in the Latin American context. In what follows, I offer a new and more historically specific framework for the study of social movements, built around a phenomenological understanding of space conceived as both a material and a social construct. By encouraging a sensitivity to space and how it articulates with historically given patterns of state formation, class formation, and citizenship, as well as racial, ethnic, and gender-specific identity politics, my larger aim is to provide a new way of understanding and theorizing the origins, nature, and consequences of social movements in different comparative and historical contexts. I argue that once we more conscientiously develop what Anthony Giddens, Doreen Massey, and Alan Pred, among others, call the "space/time" dimension of our theorizing,1 we can better understand social movements in Latin America and elsewhere, not just who joins them and the role that meaning and stragegy play in these decisions, but also their larger implications for political and social change.
Strategy and Structure in Information-Intensive Markets: The Relationship Between Marketing and IT

This paper discusses the relationship between the traditionalfunctions of Marketing and Information Technology (IT) from theperspective of the emerging “information-intensive” marketsthat characterize the environment faced by most modern organizations.First, a conceptual framework is presented for understandingthe range of information-intensive strategies (built aroundexploiting the Customer Information File as the key corporateasset) that are increasingly the determinants of competitivesuccess. Next, the appropriate organizational structure to supportthese strategies is proposed—one in which the historicalseparation between marketing and IT is abandoned in favor ofa new structure organized around a core set of information-processingactivities. Finally, the characteristics of this new organizationare described—in particular its role as a “market-drivenlearning organization” and, increasingly, as a living, biologicalorganism.
A Reintroduction to Pediatric Medicine for Forensic Psychiatrists

Worldwide, the health of children is influenced by many factors, such as nutritional deficiencies, the prevalence of infectious diseases, and the cultural, economic, educational, and sociopolitical environment. Pediatrics, as a specialty, has expanded its scope in this century, particularly in the last 50 years.1 The United States has been successful in decreasing the infant morality rate (IMR) from 200/1000 live births in the late 19th century to 75/1000 in 1925 and 10.9/1000 in 1984. This decline in IMR can be attributed to the control of infectious diseases, nutritional support, well-child care, and effective management of metabolic disturbances in children. Also important have been the discovery of antibiotics and effective antibacterial agents, sophisticated technological advances and expertise in the management of newborns and premature infants, exponential increase in the body of knowledge in pediatric subspecialties to care effectively for children with chronic illnesses, genetic disorders, and congenital malformations.
Freight Futures and Chartering: A Contingent Claims Analysis Approach applied to Optimal Operational and Investment Decisions in Bulk Shipping

The objective of this research is to develop optimal policies for chartering (i.e., leasing) ships in the market for transportation services of bulk commodities by applying the methodology of contingent claims analysis (CCA) of financial economics and stochastic control theory, taking advantage of the relatively recent established market for freight futures. In addition after solving the chartering problem we can also determine the optimal investment decision (i.e., whether to buy or sell a ship and when).
Power transition in Northeast Asia: U.S.-China security perceptions and the challenges of systemic adjustment and stability

This article argues that the rise of China and the changing North-east Asian balance of power are creating the classical adjustment problems of Great Power international relations historically associated with power transitions and that three types of misperceptions across five important issues in the Sino-American security relationship are interfering with the prospects of achieving the systemic adjustments required for long-term stability. Power transition and the rise of China are seen as potentially undermining stability in four ways: (1) by generating security dilemmas and arms races, (2) by contributing to increased incidence of conflicting security interests, (3) by aggravating South china Sea maritime disputes, and (4) by undermining Chinese domestic stability in a manner which potentially results in a hostile regime that adopts an aggressive foreign policy coming to power at some point in the future. Systemic adjustment is defined as the process by which major powers peacefully reconcile their opposing interests and is viewed as being an essential feature of stability over the long term. The article argues that three types of misperceptions concerning: (1) salient issues, (2) security interests, and (3) the influence of domestic politics on foreign policy are manifesting themselves in misunderstandings of five security issues that are impeding the systemic adjustment process. These five issues are: (1) the nature of post-cold war Sino-American security relations and international politics, (2) the role of democracy and U.S. human rights in foreign policy, (3) the significance of China’s South China Sea policy, (4) Middle East diplomacy and arms sales, and (5) nuclear weapons and arms control policy. The article concludes with a discussion of policy implications that stresses the importance of consultation and dialogue to reduce misperceptions.
Optimal Control of a Self-propelled Particle in a Fluid Flow Field

This work presents a solution for the fuel-optimal navigation problem of an AUV given a fixed final time and free end states. The formulation of the problem assumes a self propelled particle in a two dimensional horizontal flow field. A closed form solution for the fuel-optimal control inputs of the thrust vectors are obtained. This is done through analytically solving the two point boundary value problem of the Euler-Lagrange equations. Subsequently, a feedback form of control is derived allowing the particle to navigate a flow field with disturbance. Finally, the concept of changing the cost weights of the optimal cost formulation in situ has been explored and viable applications such as obstacle avoidance has been presented.
Comparative analysis of the sin-hyperbolic and Kachanov–Rabotnov creep-damage models

Abstract In this study, the Sin-Hyperbolic (Sinh) and the classic Kachanov-Rabotnov (KR) creep-damage models are fit to creep data for 304 stainless steel at 600 and 700 °C. The ability of the models to predict minimum creep strain rate, creep deformation, damage evolution, and rupture are compared. It is shown that both models can predict the creep deformation accurately; however, the minimum creep strain rate, damage evolution, and rupture predictions of the KR model is deficient. Using the KR model, critical damage is often less than unity; a violation of continuum damage mechanics (CDM). The KR minimum creep strain rate and rupture predictions do not exhibit the sigmoidal bend on a log-log scale that is observed in experimental data. In the Sinh model, critical damage is always unity and the sigmoidal bend in the minimum creep strain rate and stress-rupture curves is present. Overall the Sinh model is more accurate.
T'ing off on posttransplant CMV.

In this issue of Blood, Camargo et al have identified 2 distinct functional subsets of cytomegalovirus (CMV) phosphoprotein 65 antigen peptide-specific, polyfunctional CD8+ T-cells that independently predict risk for clinically significant CMV DNAemia following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).1
Glucose oxidase promotes gallic acid-myofibrillar protein interaction and thermal gelation.

The effect of glucose oxidase (GOx) catalytic oxidation on the efficacy of gallic acid (GA) to modify the chemical structure and gelling behavior of myofibrillar protein (MP) was investigated. In contrast to non-oxidized MP samples where GA induced very little changes, GA (0, 6, 30, and 60 µmol/g MP) under GOx treatment promoted sulfhydryl and amine loss (up to 58% and 49%, respectively). The attenuation of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence in the GA/GOx-treated MP corroborated the finding. The gelling capacity of MP, corresponding to disulfide and non-disulfide bond formation in protein aggregates, was markedly enhanced by 60 µmol GA under GOx, up to 86% in gel storage modulus G' and 53% in gel strength. The GOx-aided GA modification of MP could be a potential ingredient strategy in meat processing to promote textural attributes of cooked products.
Host Plant Utilization Within Family Ericaceae by the Andromeda Lace Bug Stephanitis takeyai (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

This study examined host plant utilization by the Andromeda lace bug, Stephanitis takeyai Drake and Maa, within the family Ericaceae. The preferred host of S. takeyai is the Japanese pieris, Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D. Don ex G. Don, but it has been reported to exhibit host alternation and also to occur on other unrelated host plants. We examined the acceptability of ten landscape and fruit plants belonging to the family Ericaceae (Rhododendron calendulaceum, Rhododendron ‘Hampton Beauty’, Rhododendron ‘Autumn Empress’, Vaccinium arboreum, Vaccinium virgatum, Calluna vulgaris, Kalmia latifolia, Pieris floribunda, Pieris phillyreifolia and Pieris japonica ‘Temple Bells’) to S. takeyai. In no-choice tests adult survival did not vary significantly among the taxa. Highest leaf damage was recorded on P. japonica and R. calendulaceum, while slight damage was noted on V. arboreum and Rhododendron ‘Hampton Beauty’. Nymph emergence was observed in P. japonica, R. calendulaceum and Rhododendron ‘Hampton Beauty’. In...
Review of Christopher Meyers, The Professional Ethics Toolkit1

I co-teach with Nanette Elster a course called Professionalism and Professional Ethics in Healthcare. In this course, we examine the concept of professionalism and study various codes of ethics. At...
Underwater versus conventional endoscopic resection of nondiminutive nonpedunculated colorectal lesions: a prospective randomized controlled trial (with video).

Background and Aims Incomplete resection of colorectal neoplasia decreases the efficacy of colonoscopy. Conventional resection (CR) of polyps, performed in a gas-distended colon, is the current standard, but incomplete resection rates of approximately 2% to 30% for nondiminutive (>5 mm), nonpedunculated lesions are reported. Underwater resection (UR) is a novel technique. The aim of this study was to determine the incomplete resection rates of colorectal lesions removed by UR versus CR. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, patients with small (6-9 mm) and large (≥10 mm) nonpedunculated lesions were assigned to CR (gas-distended lumen) or UR (water-filled, gas-excluded lumen). Small lesions in both arms were removed with a dedicated cold snare. For CR, large lesions were removed with a hot snare after submucosal injection. For UR, large lesions were removed with a hot snare without submucosal injection. Four-quadrant biopsy samples around the resection sites were used to evaluate for incomplete resection. Results Four hundred sixty-two eligible polyps (248 UR vs 214 CR) from 255 patients were removed. Incomplete resection rates for UR and CR were low and did not differ (2% vs 1.9%, P = .91). UR was performed significantly faster for lesions ≥10 mm in size (10-19 mm, 2.9 minutes vs 5.6 minutes, P Conclusions Low incomplete resection rates are achievable with UR and CR. UR is effective and safe with the advantage of faster resection and potential cost savings for removal of larger (≥10 mm) lesions by avoiding submucosal injection. As an added approach, UR has potential to improve the cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy by increasing efficiency and reducing cost while maintaining quality. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT02889679.)
Culturally Competent Care for Transgender Voice and Communication Intervention

Purpose Despite constituting 4.5% of the population, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer+ community is poorly understood by the health care community. Seventy percent of transgender indi...
“We’re family”: Japanese Characters’ Categorizations of a Gay Man in a TV Drama

Drawing on notions of membership categorization analysis and stance, this chapter explores how a gay character is identified and perceived by non-LGBTQ characters, based on the categorizations they construct, in the 2018 Japanese TV drama My Brother’s Husband. The purpose of the study is to show how society’s (non-)marginalization of people in certain categories stems from categorization work. The analysis reveals consistent differences in how the gay character is identified by non-LGBTQ characters depending on the roles the latter are performing. The drama’s trajectory involves a change in the protagonist’s categorization practices regarding the gay character, indicating changes in taken-for-granted ideas about the social institutions of marriage and family. The chapter suggests that media representations can provide an arena for people to realize when such ideas become irrelevant to their everyday lives, thus potentially contributing to societal change.
Isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic Rayleigh wave dispersion across the Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates and U.S. Cascadia from earthquake data and ambient noise two- and three-station interferometry

We use data from the Cascadia Initiative (CI) amphibious array and the USArray Transportable Array to construct and compare Rayleigh wave isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic phase speed maps across the Juan de Fuca and Gorda Plates extending onto the continental north- western United States. Results from both earthquakes (28–80 s) as well as ambient noise two- and three-station interferometry (10–40 s) are produced. Compared with two-station interferometry, three-station direct wave interferometry provides >50 per cent improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of dispersion measurements obtained, particularly in the noisier oceanic environment. Earthquake and ambient noise results are complementary in bandwidth and azimuthal coverage, and agree within about twice the estimated uncertainties of each method. We, therefore, combine measurements from the different methods to produce composite results that provide an improved data set in accuracy, resolution and spatial and azimuthal coverage over each individual method. A great variety of both isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic structures are resolved. Across the oceanic plate, fast directions of anisotropy with 180◦ periodicity (2ψ) generally align with palaeo-spreading directions while 2ψ amplitudes mostly increase with lithospheric age, both displaying substantial variations with depth and age. Strong (>3 per cent) apparent anisotropy with 360◦ periodicity (1ψ) is observed at long periods (>50 s) surrounding the Cascade Range, probably caused by backscattering from heterogeneous isotropic structures.
Producer and Veterinarian Perspectives towards Pain Management Practices in the US Cattle Industry

Producers and veterinarians are considered responsible for improving animal welfare, as they are responsible for implementing practices that directly impact the animal’s well-being. Most husbandry procedures performed in cattle do not include pain mitigation, and understanding challenges faced by these stakeholders to use analgesics is key in improving on-farm pain management strategies. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to explore producer and veterinarian perspectives on pain management practices by (1) exploring inquires received by Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) regarding analgesic use in cattle and (2) using a survey instrument to identify factors that impact pain management implementation in the US cattle industry. Albeit analgesia use increased in the past ten years for some producers and the majority of veterinarians, administering analgesics for pain management on US cattle farms remains a challenge. From a producer perspective, drug cost, availability and logistics for administration. From a veterinarian perspective, lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) products hinders the support of on-farm protocols requiring extra-label drug use. Future steps to improve analgesic use on-farm include identifying and approving drugs that demonstrate efficacy for managing pain in cattle and disseminating educational resources to support stakeholders in both the implementation and drug withdrawal process.
Quality of life and subjective sleep-related measures in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.

Diminished quality of life (QoL) has been reported in patients with mood disorders. QoL has also been shown to be decreased by sleep disturbances. Since sleep disorders are common in mood disorders, the aim of this study was to determine whether sleep characteristics are associated to QoL among patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and unipolar Major Depressive Disorders (MDD). QoL was assessed in 170 patients with mood disorders (61 BD and 109 MDD), who also completed questionnaires measuring the severity of insomnia, sleepiness, chronotype preference and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) probability index. Analyses showed that BD and MDD groups had similar QoL and sleep measures but the MDD group had higher OSA scores. In BD, correlations indicated a relationship between QoL and insomnia complaints and sleepiness, whereas in MDD, correlations indicated an association between QoL and insomnia complaints and OSA score. In both groups, QoL was related to depressive symptomatology. Linear regressions showed that, in BD, QoL was related to insomnia complaints and sleepiness even in the euthymic state, whereas in MDD, QoL was related to insomnia complaints but not in euthymic patients. QoL is related to sleep differently in BD and MDD. The results suggest that insomnia and sleepiness are particularly high in BD even when patients are euthymic. These findings suggest that focusing on insomnia and sleepiness during different mood states of BD could increase QoL.
SU-D-304-07: Application of Proton Boron Fusion Reaction to Radiation Therapy

Purpose: we present the introduction of a therapy method using the proton boron fusion reaction. The purpose of this study is to verify the theoretical validity of proton boron fusion therapy using Monte Carlo simulations. Methods: After boron is accumulated in the tumor region, the emitted from outside the body proton can react with the boron in the tumor region. An increase of the proton’s maximum dose level is caused by the boron and only the tumor cell is damaged more critically. In addition, a prompt gamma ray is emitted from the proton boron reaction point. Here we show that the effectiveness of the proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) was verified using Monte Carlo simulations. Results: We found that a dramatic increase by more than half of the proton’s maximum dose level was induced by the boron in the tumor region. This increase occurred only when the proton’s maximum dose point was located within the boron uptake region (BUR). In addition, the 719 keV prompt gamma ray peak produced by the proton boron fusion reaction was positively detected. Conclusion: This therapy method features the advantages such as the application of Bragg-peak to the therapy, the accurate targeting of tumor, improvedmore » therapy effects, and the monitoring of the therapy region during treatment.« less
Commentary: IL-4 and IL-13 receptors and signaling

Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 were discovered approximately 30years ago and were immediately linked to allergy and atopic diseases. Since then, new roles for IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in normal gestation, fetal development and neurological function and in the pathogenesis of cancer and fibrosis have been appreciated. Studying IL-4/-13 and their receptors has revealed important clues about cytokine biology and led to the development of numerous experimental therapeutics. Here we aim to highlight new discoveries and consolidate concepts in the field of IL-4 and IL-13 structure, receptor regulation, signaling and experimental therapeutics.
Geriatric rehabilitation and the older adult family caregiver: stages of caregiving.

The development of a chronic illness, whether it is phys­ ical or cognitive in nature, has far-reaching implications for elderly patients and their spouses. While the plight of the patient, or care recipient, has been well documented, it has only been in the past ten years that the problems incurred by elderly spousal caregivers has begun to re­ ceive attention. In this article, difficulties experienced by elderly spousal caregivers, particularly women, are iden­ tified and a model for conceptualizing the three stages of caregiving are presented. The ways in which health care professionals can assist caregivers and alleviate their burdens and methods for determining which stage of caregiving the caretaker may be in and the particular needs associated with each stage are aL50 discussed.
If There's a Text in this Class, Where Did it Come From? Or, What Does Marilyn Monroe Have to do With The Sorrows of Young Man Werther?

Comparative literature has expanded our body of cultural knowledge in terms of geography, demography, language, genre, and theory. But a troubling aspect of literary studies in general, which also applies to comparative literature, is that undergraduate and graduate students and professors alike generally inhabit and leave the university knowing how to analyze texts, but not knowing where they physically come from or end up. We have largely neglected the mission of the post office and ignored the work of waste disposal...
Conformation in solution of coenzyme A thioesters: II. Butyryl-CoA and arylacetyl-CoA compounds☆

Abstract The 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-nmr) spectra of aqueous solutions of butyryl-CoA (Bu-CoA), indoleacetyl-CoA (IA-CoA), and phenylacetyl-CoA (PA-CoA) were examined at various concentrations and temperatures and compared to spectra of acetyl-CoA (Ac-CoA) and benzoyl-CoA (Bz-CoA) in order to determine to what extent, if any, each acyl-CoA compound exists in an intramolecular folded conformation. It was found previously that Ac-CoA exists predominantly in an extended conformation, whereas Bz-CoA is folded (Mieyal et al., J. Biol. Chem. 249 , 2633 (1974)). The present study showed: (a_ the solution behavior of Bu-CoA was essentially indistinguishable from that of Ac-CoA; thus both of these aliphatic CoA esters probably exist as extended molecules; (b) IA-CoA does form an intramolecular adenyl-indolyl complex, but the folded/unfolded ratio is only about one-half of that for Bz-CoA at physiological temperature; (c) PA-CoA apparently exists predominantly as an unfolded molecule. The diminished tendency of PA-CoA and IA-CoA to fold is probably related to the rotational mobility about the bond adjoining the respective arylmethylene group to the carbonyl moiety of the thioester link. Concentration-independent effects of the phenyl and indolyl ring currents on the 1 H-nmr signals of particular pantotheinyl methylene groups in PA-CoA and IA-CoA, respectively, are consistent with this conclusion. The outstanding conformational difference between the closely related Bz-CoA (folded) and PA-CoA (unfolded) molecules may provide insight regarding the nature of the binding sites for these molecules on the specific N -acyltransferase enzymes for which they are the best substrates (Webster et al., J. Biol. Chem. 251 , 3352 (1976)).
Coppin' an attitude: Attitudinal differences among juveniles toward police

Abstract Using data collected from 5,477 eighth grade students in eleven U.S. cities, this article explores the attitudes of juveniles toward police through five specific questions: (1) Do juveniles hold positive attitudes toward police, similar to those reported for adults?; (2) Are there differences in attitudes toward police across different racial and ethnic groups?; (3) Do attitudes toward police vary by gender?; (4) Does the city in which a juvenile resides affect his or her attitudes toward police?; and (5) Does the city where the juvenile resides interact with the race or ethnicity of the juvenile to produce a difference in attitudes toward police? Descriptive analyses suggest that unlike the favorable attitudes reported by adults, juveniles are relatively indifferent in their perceptions of police. Significant differences by race/ethnicity, gender, and city of residence were also found. The article concludes with a discussion of factors that may explain these differences and policy implications of the findings.
An architecture for molecular computing using quantum-dot cellular automata

The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) paradigm is a revolutionary approach to molecular-scale computing which represents binary information using the charge configuration of nanostructures in lieu of current switching devices. The basic building-block of QCA devices is the QCA cell. Electrostatic interaction between neighboring cells allows the design of QCA wires, logic devices and even simple microprocessors. The geometry of molecular six-dot QCA cells enables the clocking of QCA device via an electric field generated by a layout of clocking wires. Thus, precise control over the timing and direction of data flow in QCA circuits is possible. The design of QCA circuits now lies not only in the logic structure of the cells, but also in the layout of clocking wires. We discuss the clocking of QCA devices and connect layout to architecture.
Ratio of π − to π + Photoproduction from Deuterium at 8 and 16 GeV

We have studied the ratio $R=[\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma}d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}pp)}{\mathrm{dt}}]{[\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma}d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}nn)}{\mathrm{dt}}]}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 8 and 16 GeV for momentum transfers $|t|$ from about 0.001 to 1.3 Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$. $R$ is close to unity for $|t|l{{m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}$, but falls very rapidly with increasing $|t|$, passing through \textonehalf{} near $|t|=0.1$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$ and having a minium value of about $\frac{1}{3}$ near $|t|=0.4$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$; it slowly increases at larger momentum transfers. These results are similar to those obtained in other laboratories at 3.4 and 5 GeV. This implies considerable interference between the isoscalar and isovector photon amplitudes.
Biology, Evolution, and Psychological Development

Psychology is a biopsychosocial science, a natural science. Its principles are consistent and compatible with those of the other natural sciences. Behaving organisms are biological and social, as well as psychological. But while psychology emerged from biology and physiology, it is not a biological science. Being more complex than biology in the hierarchy of the sciences, its principles are uniquely psychological. We discuss the relevancy of biology, genetics, evolution, neuroscience, and development for a full understanding of the origins of behavior. We identify several erroneous applications of biology to psychology including the problems with neuro-imaging and brain and gene centric thinking. Keywords: developmental psychobiology; developmental genetics; evolution and behavior; cognition and neuroscience; philosophy of mind
Engineering “reasoning diagrams”: A new tool for visualizing engineering reasoning to improve engineering communication instruction

Learning to communicate effectively as an emerging professional poses many challenges to engineering students, as they must learn not only to understand the relationships between complex processes, concepts, and research and design methods, but also to understand how to compose for many different rhetorical situations, genres, audiences, and purposes. To help students understand the relationship between disciplinary reasoning, genre, and audience, we constructed what we term a “reasoning diagram” — a map that coordinates the knowledge domains of disciplinary content, field-specific rhetorical patterns of argumentation and arrangement, and genre conventions. This reasoning diagram was at the heart of an online instructional module teaching students to write a journal article from laboratory research in Materials Science and Engineering. Assessment data of online and live instruction using the reasoning diagram shows that this method of visually mapping professional communication, combined with instruction on the rhetorical moves of a professional genre, can increase the students' ability to understand how to communicate complex disciplinary knowledge, substantially improve students' ability to make appropriate rhetorical choices, and can help students develop their composing processes and scholarly habits of mind.
Pork-barrel politics, discriminatory policies and fiscal federalism

Dieser Aufsatz untersucht in einem Modell umverteilender Politik die Rolle von lokalen offentlichen Gutern und offentlichen Projekten in einzelnen Jurisdiktionen. Politiker konnen aus strategischen Grunden bestimmte lokale Projekte durchfuhren und dadurch gezielt bestimmte Gebietskorperschaften beeinflussen, welche die Vorteile dieser Projekte geniesen, wahrend die damit verbundenen Kosten von mehreren Jurisdiktionen getragen werden. Dies fuhrt zu einer Ineffizienz in der Durchfuhrung solcher lokalen Projekte. Insbesondere fuhrt eine politisch motivierte Ungleichbehandlung verschiedener Gebietskorperschaften bei der Durchfuhrung lokaler Projekte bzw. ihrer Finanzierung dazu, dass manche effizienten Projekte nicht durchgefuhrt werden. Allerdings geht diese Ineffizienz zuruck, wenn es grosere Moglichkeiten zu ungleicher Behandlungen verschiedener Jurisdiktionen gibt.