cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arranging and ordering in autism spectrum disorder: Characteristics, severity, and environmental correlates

AbstractBackground There is a need for a more accurate characterisation of higher level restricted and repetitive behaviour (RRB) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including why it might be considered problematic and events associated with its occurrence.Method We selected one form of higher level RRB—arranging and ordering—that was rated as severe for a large percentage of the population sampled. We interviewed 20 students’ teachers and conducted naturalistic observations for 15 of those students.Results The characteristics of arranging and ordering varied across, and sometimes within, individuals. Problems associated with compulsive-like1 behaviour also varied, with several unanticipated reported problems. With the exception of attention, social consequences were relatively infrequent.Conclusions These data highlight the need for research on the assessment and treatment of arranging and ordering and clinical attention to compulsive-like behaviour in ASD. Interviews and naturalistic observations are use...
Geodetic determination of horizontal deformation associated with the Guatemala earthquake of 4 February 1976

A 15-station geodetic control network extending 10 km north and 40 km south of the Motagua fault in Guatemala was reobserved 2 yr after the 4 February 1976 MS = 7.5 earthquake. The initial first-order triangulation was observed in two parts: the Guatemala-Honduras border arc completed in 1935 and the Motagua valley arc completed in 1953. Both angles and distances were observed in the 1978 resurvey. The angle changes between the combined 1935 to 1953 survey and the 1978 resurvey were used to calculate earthquake-related fault slip on two dislocation models of the rupture surface. Left-lateral slip of 1.3 ± 0.1 m is calculated for a model fault with constant displacement from 0 to 15 km. For a model fault divided into three successively deeper sections, the calculated left-lateral slip is 0.8 ± 0.1 m near the surface, increasing to 2.1 ± 0.5 m in the intermediate 5- to 15-km section, and is undetermined at greater depths. Both models are consistent with the 0.9 to 1.1 m of accumulated slip and afterslip observed near the network by Bucknam et al . (1978). The second model is in better agreement with the 2 m of slip derived by Kanamori and Stewart (1978) from a long-period seismic surface wave estimate of the seismic moment.
Laboratory rearing and field observations of Lyctocoris campestris (Heteroptera : Anthocoridae), a predator of stored-product insects

The predaceous bug Lyctocoris campestris (F.) is a holarctic anthocorid associated with the stored-product ecosystem. A laboratory-rearing procedure was established and general life-history parameters described at 30°C and 60–70% RH. Mating occurred via normal copulation, in contrast to the traumatic insemination in some other anthocorids. The mean developmental period was 28 d, including an egg incubation period of 1 wk. Females can lay as many as 274 eggs in a 41-d ovipositional period, with a maximum of 20 eggs in 1 d. The average fecundity per day was approximately six eggs per female. There was a strong correlation ( r = 0.96) between the length of the oviposition period and the total eggs laid per female. The first two nymphal stadia survived best when fed eggs or small larvae of prey, whereas the remaining stadia and adults survived and fed on any sized active larva. Females needed a moist substrate for oviposition, and eggs required that moisture be maintained for subsequent development of embryos. The sex ratio was 50:50 in laboratory colonies. Field studies using probe traps in a flat storage of corn showed that bugs preferred moldy over drier areas, and sex ratios of field-collected bugs were significantly female biased. L. campestris were trapped at depths of 0–30 cm but predominated in the top 0–15 cm. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the general biology of L. campestris in either the field or the laboratory.
Effect of Chitosan Properties on Immunoreactivity

Chitosan is a widely investigated biopolymer in drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering and vaccine development. However, the immune response to chitosan is not clearly understood due to contradicting results in literature regarding its immunoreactivity. Thus, in this study, we analyzed effects of various biochemical properties, namely degree of deacetylation (DDA), viscosity/polymer length and endotoxin levels, on immune responses by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Chitosan solutions from various sources were treated with mouse and human APCs (macrophages and/or dendritic cells) and the amount of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) released by the cells was used as an indicator of immunoreactivity. Our results indicate that only endotoxin content and not DDA or viscosity influenced chitosan-induced immune responses. Our data also indicate that low endotoxin chitosan (<0.01 EU/mg) ranging from 20 to 600 cP and 80% to 97% DDA is essentially inert. This study emphasizes the need for more complete characterization and purification of chitosan in preclinical studies in order for this valuable biomaterial to achieve widespread clinical application.
Congenital abnormalily of newborn and Mycoplasma infections

Objective To investigate the morbility of Mycoplasma infections in newborn with congenital abnormality and to explore the relations between the infections and the congenital abnormality. Methods Throat swab specimens were taken from newborns with congenital abnormality, Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu),Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), Mycoplasma genitalium(Mg),and Mycoplasma fermentans(Mf) were detected by nested polymerase chain reaction(nPCR) method. Results Of the 12 newborns with congetial abnormality, 10 cases were positive with Mh,5 cases were poistive with Uu, 3 cases were positive with Mh+Uu, and no positive case with Mg and Mf. Conclusion There is a relation among Mh and/or Uu infections and congenital abnormality of newborn.
Does Compensatory Testicular Enlargement Predict Monorchism

In 37 boys 3 years old or younger with an impalpable testis the length and volume of the normally descended testis were measured. In 12 boys who had surgically proved monorchism the descended testis length and volume exceeded 2 cm. (mean 2.22) and 2 cc, respectively. This represented significant compensatory enlargement of the descended testis compared to the descended testis in 19 boys with normal sized (mean 1.51) or 6 boys with atrophic (mean 1.78) impalpable undescended testes. Histological examinations revealed that in no case in which the descended testis was greater than 2 cm. long was there histological evidence contralaterally of normal, recognizably abnormal or dysgenetic testicular tissue. In these patients compensatory descended testis enlargement with testis length exceeding 2 cm. (2 cc volume) defined monorchism.
Influence of Rejection on Graft Survival after Renal Transplantation

AbstractThe clinical course was reviewed of 102 renal allograft recipients between December 1967 and December 1973. Only 4 of 21 patients (19 per cent) who had 2 or more episodes of rejection during the first 2 months had a functioning graft at the end of 1 year, compared to 24 of 30 patients (83 per cent) who had no rejection episodes. A similar trend was seen 2 to 6 months after transplantation. During the first 2 years vigorous immunosuppressive therapy for rejection in the first few months resulted in 12 deaths (44 per cent) of 27 patients. Subsequent to this immunosuppressive therapy was modified and grafts were removed if there was not a prompt recovery of function after treatment, which resulted in a significant decrease in mortality rate to 16 per cent. There also was improvement in the over-all survival of patients with functioning grafts from 37 to 56 per cent. Serious complications and mortality could be related to high dosage of steroids and severe leukopenia. A white blood count of less than ...
Performance improvement for 2-D face recognition using multi-classifier and BPN

Human face recognition and detection has become a very interesting field for the researcher and this interest is motivated by the huge demand of extensive applications of the real time surveillance system and the static matching system like DMV licenses, port authority and bank system. The image processing, neural network and computer vision are the most area active research areas. Many of papers and approaches have been introduced in the past decades. It is difficult to create and design an efficient computational system for accurate human face recognition because of the complex visual of the human face, which changes dramatically based on the variant effects. In this paper, we propose a new framework for 2D face recognition using five different distance algorithms and Backpropagation Neural network (BPN) to improve conventional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach. The performance of the new framework is compared with the performance of the K Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) classifier using five different distance algorithms then we combine them using the least square root algorithm to achieve a higher accuracy. Our experimental results on AT&T (formerly ORL) and Yale face databases show that our proposed method improves the overall performance of face recognition system with respect to existing approaches. The results show the high accuracy can be achieved by using %15 of the image features which increases the recognition performance rate with less computational cost than the existing methods.
Safe and Effective Use of Pharmacologic and Device Therapy for Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an uncommon, idiopathic complication of pregnancy associated with significant (10-30%) mortality. The disease occurs late in pregnancy or in the months following delivery, resulting in reduced systolic function and heart failure (HF) symptoms. Limited direction is provided for the management of PPCM, and the safe and effective use of medications in pregnant and breastfeeding women with PPCM presents a unique challenge. Although several HF therapies in pregnant and lactating women are supported by robust evidence, evidence to support the use of other therapies is significantly lacking. Current guidelines recommend treatment as in other forms of HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) but with consideration for the important nuances in this population as well as the unique and potential teratogenic effects of these therapies. Since most patients with PPCM recover their LVEF, the duration of therapy is currently unknown and warrants further study. We review the available literature surrounding pharmacologic and device therapy for PPCM and provide insight into managing patients with the condition.
The crystalline component of dental enamel

It has been shown through earlier electron microscopy that the crystalline apatite which is the major component of mature dental enamel is overlaid upon a framework of very fine organic fibrils (1, 2). There has been difficulty, however, in observing both the inorganic and organic constituents in the same preparation. The former has been brought out best in replicas of ground sections or cleaved fragments, and the latter in thin sections of demineralized enamel. In replicas and pseudoreplicas of untreated or acidetched specimens the crystalline elements have previously appeared flat and ribbon-like, as shown in Fig. 1, and lengths varying from 400 to 10,000 A have been reported (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Definite and uniform cross-markings at roughly 300 A intervals have also been seen on these structures (2, 4, 5). This segmented appearance, illustrated in Fig. 2, has been of interest because of the possibility that it might reflect the presence of organic material within the larger crystal-like objects. Evidence that this may in fact be the case has now been derived from the examination of pseudoreplicas of enamel from which organic substance has been selectively removed. This has been accomplished through treatment of the surfaces of polished ground sections with ethylene diamine, an agent which has previously been used in the preparation of anorganic bone (6). In the first experiments, the samples were treated in a Soxhlet extractor, which was modified so that condensed solvent did not drip directly on to the surfaces (7). A complete extraction cycle took 15 min, and specimens were exposed over the time required for one to six cycles. Identical results were later obtained by simply immersing the ground sections in warm (80° C) ethylene diamine for 15 min to 2 hr. After gentle washing and drying in air, positive collodion-carbon pseudoreplicas were made by a previously described method (8).
Religious Experience, Human Finitude, and the Cultural-Linguistic Model

The article argues that the anthropology of the cultural-linguistic model elaborates the radical materiality, historicity, and contingency of religious experience in a way that the experiential-expressivist model does not. More specifically, the article argues that experiential-expressivist thinkers who conceptualize religious experience as having a nonconceptual core which is not constituted by the contingencies of a person's material, social, and historical environments implicitly compromise human finitude. The article also suggests that the cultural-linguistic model will seem threatening to our sense of human freedom as long as we share the modern assumption that material causes and human choices are competing kinds of “things” in the world, rather than being descriptions of the same concrete phenomena from different perspectives and for different purposes, and that the cultural-linguistic model will seem atheistic if one shares the modern view that this-worldly causal efficacy is in competition with God's agency.
Dedicated Educational Nursing Unit: Clinical Instructors Role Perceptions and Learning Needs.

Over the past decade, health care leaders have called for a radical transformation in health care and nursing education. Patient care has become complex, demanding succinct interprofessional communication and collaboration to optimize the care of the patient, and the nurse at the bedside is the optimal leader at the point of care. Assistance with the clinical reasoning and critical thinking with nursing students is pivotal for successful patient outcomes. The expert clinical nurse at the bedside is the premier faculty to guide the young practitioner in the care of the patient. A dedicated educational unit (DEU) is an example of an academic–practice partnership designed to provide students with a positive clinical learning environment. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to identify the role perceptions of staff nurse's participating as clinical instructors on a DEU and the perceived educational learning needs of the experienced staff nurses. After Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System Institutional Review Board approval, a total of 8 nurses serving in the role of clinical instructor on a DEU participated in the study. Content analyses were used to code and synthesize common theses from the interviews. The themes that emerged related to role perception were mentoring, ensuring competency with basic skills and tasks, and development of critical thinking in nursing clinical education. The themes related to perceived learning needs of staff nurses related to the role of clinical instructor were the need for clear objectives from the academic affiliate, more coordination and acknowledgement by the academic affiliate, and addition education in dealing with students with diverse learning needs and accommodations.
Introduction to Symposium on Access to the Courts in the Roberts Era

Introduction to the Case Western Reserve Law Review's symposium "Access to the Courts in the Roberts Era" 2009, Cleveland, OH
Increased Hierarchical Wrinklons on Stiff Metal Thin Film on a Liquid Meniscus.

Wrinklons—the hierarchical merging of wrinkles—are observed on several surfaces including thin films, curtains, graphene sheets, and skin. Wrinklons are a consequence of the interplay between bending, stretching, and gravitational energies and generally exhibit 1 to 2 hierarchical transitions (λn+1 = 2λn). Here we show that parallel and self-similar wrinklons on ultrathin cobalt/chromium film atop a contracting silicone oil meniscus can produce up to 5 hierarchical wrinklon transitions near the fluid–solid boundary. Further, these wrinklons do not follow the standard von-Karman wrinklon scaling near the edge, attributed to the added surface energy (L/λ ∝ (A/t)0.31). A model developed via scale analysis shows (a) the relationship between wavelength and length of the wrinkles and (b) a linear relation between the amplitude and the length of wrinkles at all observed hierarchic levels (L ∝ A), fitted well with previous literature results. This work provides a mechanism for thin-film metal wrinkling on liquids...
Broadband GaN DHFET Traveling Wave Amplifiers with up to 120 GHz Bandwidth

We report MMIC traveling-wave amplifiers (TWAs) fabricated using a 40 nm GaN double heterostructure FET (DHFET) technology. By varying the gate periphery within cascode gain stages, we produced a family of TWA designs with a range of gain and bandwidth and approximately 300 GHz gain- bandwidth product. The TWA with the widest bandwidth had >120 GHz of 3-dB bandwidth, with 7.3 dB gain, 6 dB noise figure (NF), and saturated output power of 19 dBm at 20 GHz. Our TWA that was optimized for performance at lower frequencies had 1-50 GHz bandwidth with 16 dB gain, 1.7 dB minimum NF, and 27 dBm output power at 20 GHz. These circuits represent record MMIC performance for GaN in terms of bandwidth and gain-bandwidth product, and are very promising for broadband amplifier applications where low noise figure, and ultra- high linearity, dynamic range
Mind or Mechanism: Which Came First?

This chapter questions the reductionist assumption that bits of lifeless matter must have grouped themselves into complex patterns that eventually became living conscious beings. There is no decisive reason to question Peirce’s suggestion that mind came first and that mechanical causality emerges when regions of a fundamentally conscious universe settle into deterministic habits. If we define consciousness in a way that ignores clearly accidental properties such as looking and behaving like us, some form of panpsychism is not only possible but plausible. Ignoring this possibility could cause us to subconsciously exclude legitimate avenues of research.
Inhibition of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Restores Paclitaxel Chemosensitivity in Uterine Serous Cancer

Uterine serous cancer (USC) is aggressive, and the majority of recurrent cases are chemoresistant. Because the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL promotes invasion and metastasis of USC and is implicated in chemoresistance in other cancers, we assessed the role of AXL in paclitaxel resistance in USC, determined the mechanism of action, and sought to restore chemosensitivity by inhibiting AXL in vitro and in vivo We used short hairpin RNAs and BGB324 to knock down and inhibit AXL. We assessed sensitivity of USC cell lines to paclitaxel and measured paclitaxel intracellular accumulation in vitro in the presence or absence of AXL. We also examined the role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in AXL-mediated paclitaxel resistance. Finally, we treated USC xenografts with paclitaxel, BGB324, or paclitaxel plus BGB324 and monitored tumor burden. AXL expression was higher in chemoresistant USC patient tumors and cell lines than in chemosensitive tumors and cell lines. Knockdown or inhibition of AXL increased sensitivity of USC cell lines to paclitaxel in vitro and increased cellular accumulation of paclitaxel. AXL promoted chemoresistance even in cells that underwent the EMT in vitro Finally, in vivo studies of combination treatment with BGB324 and paclitaxel showed a greater than 51% decrease in tumor volume after 2 weeks of treatment when compared with no treatment or single-agent treatments (P < 0.001). Our results show that AXL expression mediates chemoresistance independent of EMT and prevents accumulation of paclitaxel. This study supports the continued investigation of AXL as a clinical target, particularly in chemoresistant USC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2881-91. ©2017 AACR.
Experimental Techniques for Understanding Polymer Crystallization

Abstract Crystallinity in polymers that are semicrystalline is an important material characteristic that determines many of their physical properties. This chapter discusses the various methods that are commonly used for determining crystallinity and crystallization behavior, and in understanding the crystalline characteristics. Beginning with the simplest of all techniques, the density measurements, the chapter describes the most commonly used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Spectroscopic methods, such as infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, are also discussed. Although these are secondary techniques that need to be calibrated using density or XRD methods, they provide important structural information and complement other measurement techniques. Other techniques, small-angle X-ray scattering and microscopy, are discussed to highlight the relation between crystallinity and structures at 10–1000 nm, such as lamellae, fibrils, and spherulites. Because the crystallinity is rarely homogeneous across the bulk of a sample, IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and μ-XRD techniques are presented as examples of the tools that can be used to map such inhomogeneities. Finally, techniques to monitor the crystallization kinetics and the results that are obtained from such measurements are illustrated with a discussion of the use of DSC, optical microscopy, dilatometry, light scattering, and X-ray scattering to measure the development crystals and larger length scale structures. The strength of each technique and the nature of the structural information obtained by different techniques are compared.
Rethinking mental health legislation in Lebanon: updates and implications

ABSTRACTThe mental health care system in Lebanon has a complex organisation that sits between a corporatist public coverage limited to specific beneficiaries and an expensive private sector occasionally resorting to a charitable philosophy of care. A mental health draft law has been adopted by the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health (MoPh) after it was initially submitted to Parliament in 2008 and amended in 2014. This report discusses the implications of these amendments for a viable mental health law that regulates involuntary admissions, protects patients’ rights and promotes access to outpatient mental health care. The report discusses the absence of public debate around the mental health draft law. It argues that in the context of a national mental health strategy that aspires to utilise a community-based approach, eliciting public debate around the draft law can introduce sustainable community mental health interventions that have proven successful in other contexts.
Ovulation Induction for the General Gynecologist

The practice of ovulation induction often falls to the reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialist. However, attitudes toward the evaluation and treatment of infertility has shifted among general obstetrician-gynecologists (OB-GYN). This review discusses the underlying scientific basis of anovulation and clinical guidelines regarding the use of different medications for the purpose of promoting follicular recruitment and ovulation for the general OB-GYN.
Paradoxical Effects of Vitamin E: Oxidized Lipoproteins, Prostanoids and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

Sixty years ago Michel Macheboeuf published his Doctor of Science Thesis and a year later his first paper on the isolation of a lipoprotein from horse serum. His outstanding studies1 showed for the first time that a lipoprotein of constant composition was obtained by repeated precipitation from an aqueous solution. Shortly after Macheboeuf’s work appeared, Sorensen2 questioned whether isolated lipoproteins truly represented the molecular complexes found in serum. Sorensen was most concerned with the association and dissociation of solutes during lipoprotein isolation but his paper, as Chargaff3 has noted, identified the problem of true lipoprotein composition in vivo. Some twenty years later, Oncley and Gurd4 reported that isolated serum low density lipoproteins (LDL) were highly unstable complexes readily susceptible to chemical modification by processes such as oxidation (LDLOXID). Lipoprotein instability raised again the question first posed by Sorensen that purified lipoproteins might be significantly different from native lipoproteins.
Exposure to neighborhood green space and sleep: evidence from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin.

Abstract Introduction Adequate sleep duration and quality are protective against many adverse health outcomes. Many individual-level predictors of poor sleep have been examined, but few studies have examined neighborhood-level influences. Despite known associations between neighborhood green space and sleep influencing factors (eg, physical activity, mental health), few studies have examined green space and sleep's relationship. Furthermore, little work has examined the relationship between the magnitude and type of neighborhood sounds and sleep. Study methods We analyzed data from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin database (n = 2712) for 2008-2013, a representative sample of Wisconsin residents ages 21-74. Outcomes included weekday and weekend sleep duration and self-rated sleep quality. Primary predictors were the proportion tree canopy (National Land Cover Database) and mean decibel levels of outdoor sound (US National Park Service) at the census block group level. Survey regression analysis was used to examine statistical associations, controlling for individual and neighborhood-level covariates. Results Models suggest a significant relationship (P Conclusions Neighborhood tree canopy and sound levels may influence sleep duration and are potential targets for neighborhood-level interventions to improve sleep.
Proteomic Analyses of Morphological Variants ofBorrelia burgdorferiShed New Light on Persistence Mechanisms: Implications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease, which is the most common vector borne disease in the United States and Europe. Although 2-4 week antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease is effective in the majority of cases, about 10–20% patients suffer from prolonged post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). While the mechanisms of PTLDS are unclear, persisting organisms not killed by current Lyme antibiotics has been suggested as a possible explanation. B. burgdorferi can spontaneously develop different morphological variant forms under stress or in stationary phase with increased persistence to antibiotics. To shed light on the possible mechanisms by which these variant forms develop persistence, here, we isolated three B. burgdorferi forms, log phase spirochetal form, stationary phase planktonic form, and stationary phase aggregated biofilm-like microcolony form. We showed that the two separated stationary phase forms especially microcolony form have more persistence to antibiotics than the log phase spirochetal form. Then, we performed mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis to determine the proteomic profiles of the three different forms to reveal the mechanisms of persistence in B. burgdorferi. We identified 1023 proteins in the three B. burgdorferi forms, with 642 proteins (63%) differentially expressed. Compared with the log phase spirochetal form of B. burgdorferi, a total of 143 proteins were upregulated in both stationary phase planktonic form and microcolony form. Among these common upregulated proteins, 90 proteins had predicted functions and were mapped to different pathways involved in infection and virulence, DNA repair, heat shock, transport, sporulation, cell envelope and metabolism, many of which are consistent with persister mechanisms in other bacteria. A particularly interesting observation is that infection and virulence related proteins are highly up-regulated in stationary phase planktonic form and microcolony form compared with log phase spirochetal form. These findings shed new light on the mechanisms of B. burgdorferi persistence and offer novel targets for developing more effective diagnostics, vaccines and treatments.
Gaining qualitative perspective: A career interview with Roy Ruckdeshel:

Qualitative Social Work has a tradition of publishing career interviews of distinguished social worker scholars who have been influential in conservations on qualitative inquiry. This career interv...
Abstract 169: Uncovering a myosin phosphatase regulator in pancreatic tumor cell mechanics and behavior

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) composes more than 80% of all pancreatic cancers and about 95% of exocrine pancreatic cancers. Patients typically present with symptoms post metastatic spread, which contributes to its overall lethality as the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths with a median 5-year survival rate of about 8%. We are investigating the role of the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) in PDAC. MYPT1 serves as an interaction platform between a catalytic phosphatase subunit and the phosphorylated regulatory light chain (MLC) of myosin, allowing for MLC dephosphorylation and myosin inactivation. MYPT1 has been shown to elicit an antibody response in PDAC patients treated with a cytokine-secreting whole tumor cell vaccine. Additionally, MYPT1 has been shown to be upregulated in PDAC cells through immunohistological staining of surgically resected patient samples and in established PDAC cell lines. As a major regulator of non-muscle myosin II, MYPT1 has implications in cancer cell shape control, adhesion, and migration. To elucidate its implications, we are characterizing tumor cell phenotype with and without MYPT1 expression using the CRISPR genome editing system. We are assessing MYPT1’s effect on cell mechanics (e.g. cortical tension), if MYPT1 responds to applied mechanical stresses, and how MYPT1 affects each of the non-muscle myosin II paralogs’ ability to respond to these mechanical stresses. We are characterizing MYPT1’s impact on cell and tissue behavior, including cell growth, migratory, and invasive phenotypes in culture and in mouse models. Overall, our work will provide insight into MYPT1’s role in cancer cell behavior and response to its surrounding environment. The work will also provide insight for early investigations into MYPT1’s targetability and immunogenic role in PDAC immunotherapy. Citation Format: Shantel M. Angstadt. Uncovering a myosin phosphatase regulator in pancreatic tumor cell mechanics and behavior [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 169.
The physiology of melanin deposition in health and disease

Eumelanin is the major pigment responsible for human skin color. This black/brown pigment is localized in membrane-bound organelles (melanosomes) found in specialized cells (melanocytes) in the basal layer of the epidermis. This review highlights the steps involved in melanogenesis in the epidermis and the disorders in skin pigmentation that occur when specific steps critical for this process are defective. Melanosomes, which contain tyrosinase, a major enzyme involved in melanin synthesis, develop through a series of steps in the melanocyte. They are donated from the melanocyte dendrites to the surrounding keratinocytes in the epidermis. In the keratinocytes, the melanosomes are found singly or packaged into groups, and as the keratinocytes move upward in the epidermis, the melanosomes start to degrade. This sequence of events is critical for melanin pigmentation in the skin and can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, which all play a role in levels of melanization of the epidermis. The effects these factors have on skin pigmentation can be due to different underlying mechanisms involved in the melanization process leading to either hypo- or hyperpigmentary disorders. These disorders highlight the importance of mechanistic studies on the specific steps involved in the melanization process.
Physical Performance Measures Correlate with Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football.

Purpose Head impact exposure (HIE) (i.e., magnitude and frequency of impacts) can vary considerably among individuals within a single football team. To better understand individual-specific factors that may explain variation in head impact biomechanics, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical performance measures and HIE metrics in youth football players. Methods Head impact data were collected from youth football players using the Head Impact Telemetry System. Head impact exposure was quantified in terms of impact frequency, linear and rotational head acceleration, and risk-weighted cumulative exposure metrics (RWELinear, RWERotational, and RWECP). Study participants completed four physical performance tests: vertical jump, shuttle run, three-cone, and 40-yard sprint. The relationships between performance measures, and HIE metrics were evaluated using linear regression analyses. Results A total of 51 youth football athletes (ages, 9-13 yr) completed performance testing and received combined 13,770 head impacts measured with the Head Impact Telemetry System for a full season. All performance measures were significantly correlated with total number of impacts in a season, RWELinear-Season, and all RWE-Game metrics. The strongest relationships were between 40-yard sprint speed and all RWE-Game metrics (all P ≤ 0.0001 and partial R > 0.3). The only significant relationships among HIE metrics in practice were between shuttle run speed and total practice impacts and RWELinear-Practices, 40 yard sprint speed and total number of practice impacts, and three-cone speed and 95th percentile number of impacts/practice. Conclusions Generally, higher vertical jump height and faster times in speed and agility drills were associated with higher HIE, especially in games. Physical performance explained less variation in HIE in practices, where drills and other factors, such as coaching style, may have a larger influence on HIE.
3DTUBE: A Design Framework for High-Variation Carbon Nanotube-based Transistor Technology

Various emerging technologies have shown great potential of supplementing silicon transistors as Moore’s law slows down. One such disruptive technology, carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs), is one of the most promising competing technologies available, offering exceptional electrostatic properties. Furthermore, their low-temperature manufacturing process and low power consumption make these devices perfect candidates for 3D integration. However, due to the infancy of their manufacturing process, high defect densities, and variation issues, chip designers are not encouraged to consider these emerging technologies as a stand-alone replacement for Si-based transistors. Hence, to commercialize these new technologies, new architectural and circuit modifications that can work around high-fault rates are required, improving performance comparable to Silicon, while the manufacturing process is perfected.This paper proposes a design flow framework that can be used for large-scale chip production while mitigating yield and variation failures to bring up CNT-based technology, using a reliable reconfigurable architecture. The proposed framework can efficiently support high-variation technologies by providing protection against manufacturing defects at multiple granulari-ties: module and pipeline-stage levels.To incorporate different CNT-based transistor manufacturing processes, this work builds a flexible variation model and a CMOS-based CNT design library that can be used to synthesize physical CNFET-based processor designs over a range of 0.4 to 0.7 V. Based on the variation observed in the synthesized design, a reliable CNT-based 3D multi-granular reconfigurable architecture, 3DTUBE, is presented to overcome the manufacturing difficulties in the technology. For 0.4 V to 0.7 V, 3DTUBE provides up to 6.0× higher throughput and up to 3.1× lower Energy-Delay Product compared to a silicon-based multi-core design evaluated at 1 ppb transistor failure rate, which is 10,000× lower in comparison to CNFETs failure rate.
CDR3α drives selection of the immunodominant Epstein Barr virus (EBV) BRLF1-specific CD8 T cell receptor repertoire in primary infection.

The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is an essential component of the CD8 T-cell immune response. Here, we seek to investigate factors that drive selection of TCR repertoires specific to the HLA-A2-restricted immunodominant epitope BRLF1109-117 (YVLDHLIVV) over the course of primary Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection. Using single-cell paired TCRαβ sequencing of tetramer sorted CD8 T cells ex vivo, we show at the clonal level that recognition of the HLA-A2-restricted BRLF1 (YVL-BR, BRLF-1109) epitope is mainly driven by the TCRα chain. For the first time, we identify a CDR3α (complementarity determining region 3 α) motif, KDTDKL, resulting from an obligate AV8.1-AJ34 pairing that was shared by all four individuals studied. This observation coupled with the fact that this public AV8.1-KDTDKL-AJ34 TCR pairs with multiple different TCRβ chains within the same donor (median 4; range: 1–9), suggests that there are some unique structural features of the interaction between the YVL-BR/MHC and the AV8.1-KDTDKL-AJ34 TCR that leads to this high level of selection. Newly developed TCR motif algorithms identified a lysine at position 1 of the CDR3α motif that is highly conserved and likely important for antigen recognition. Crystal structure analysis of the YVL-BR/HLA-A2 complex revealed that the MHC-bound peptide bulges at position 4, exposing a negatively charged aspartic acid that may interact with the positively charged lysine of CDR3α. TCR cloning and site-directed mutagenesis of the CDR3α lysine ablated YVL-BR-tetramer staining and substantially reduced CD69 upregulation on TCR mutant-transduced cells following antigen-specific stimulation. Reduced activation of T cells expressing this CDR3 motif was also observed following exposure to mutated (D4A) peptide. In summary, we show that a highly public TCR repertoire to an immunodominant epitope of a common human virus is almost completely selected on the basis of CDR3α and provide a likely structural basis for the selection. These studies emphasize the importance of examining TCRα, as well as TCRβ, in understanding the CD8 T cell receptor repertoire.
Enhancing CS1 with Mobile Apps

This workshop will introduce an Android library that is designed to fit seamlessly in a traditional CS1 course and to provide an opportunity for instructors to introduce the fundamental computer science concepts in fun and creative ways. During the workshop the participants will build apps of various levels of complexity ranging from Hello World-like apps that can be used in the first week to simple board games that incorporate advanced programming constructs at the end of the semester. No knowledge of Android and event-driven programming is required to use the library, yet students are able to create apps that run on mobile devices using only CS1 constructs. The intended audience is college and high school instructors teaching CS1. Support code, documentation, and examples are at: http://www.cs.gettysburg.edu/~ilinkin/cs1android.
Uncertainty Quantification Accounting for Model Discrepancy Within a Random Effects Bayesian Framework

With the advent of integrated computational materials engineering, there is a drive to exchange statistical confidence in a design obtained from repeated experimentation with one developed through modeling and simulation. Since these models are often missing physics or include incomplete knowledge or simplifying assumptions into their mathematical construct, they may not capture the physical system or process adequately over the entire domain. This can lead to a systematic discrepancy, otherwise known as model misfit, between the model output and the system it represents over at least part of the domain. However, by accounting for this discrepancy in uncertainty analyses, reliable inference, and prediction on the model parameters and material behavior can be made despite the missing physics. The previous statement is contingent on two conditions: (1) the discrepancy is systematic, and (2) the structure of the discrepancy is well understood, which is required to minimize issues with non-identifiability among unknown model components. We illustrate these insights via a case study of inference and prediction in a phenomenological meso-scale VPSC crystal plasticity model, which does not contain physics describing the elastic regime of deformation. Inference is performed via a Bayesian approach enabled by posterior simulation. Posterior uncertainty about unknown model parameters takes into account observation error, uncertainty stemming from aleatoric sample-to-sample variability, and model form error. Posterior uncertainty in the unknown Voce hardening parameters is propagated to generate a distribution of the stress–strain response in both the elastic and plastic regimes. Additionally, posterior predictive distributions are simulated to establish uncertainty bounds for future unobserved data.
Advanced Manufacturing Documentation: Process-Based and Practical Considerations

This paper examines documentation procedures and rhetorical contexts navigated by technical communicators in postindustrial, advanced manufacturing environments. Also addressed are the challenges of structure and authority faced by the technical writer in postindustrial hierarchies, particularly those of a STEM-dominated field. In reference to produced documentation, the need for technical communicators to explore alternative formats is such that the traditional operating manual may not be sufficient to fully account for the complexities of automated and digitally-augmented manufacturing systems. Documentation processes, then, must account for collaborative, distributed work approaches, as well as those of technology transfer in the composition and distribution of documentation in support of postindustrial, advanced manufacturing
The Flu Vaccination May Have a Protective Effect on the Course of COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population: When Does Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Meet Influenza?

Background In the midst of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, a lot more chaos could be anticipated in the flu season due to the coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza with almost similar epidemiologic and clinical features. Could this become a "twindemic" or “syndemic” if there is any viral interference occurs? We investigated the effect of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines on the disease course of SARS-CoV-2 in the pediatric population and the possibility of viral interference. Material and methods After approval from Institutional Review Board, a retrospective electronic chart review on 20 years and younger SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive patients who visited Arkansas Children’s Hospital System between February 1 to August 30, 2020, was performed. The clinical data was collected along with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status of these patients. Results The results showed that viral interference may have played a role in the current flu and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) twindemic. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza may have significantly affected each other’s epidemiological features. Conclusion Understanding the relationship and co-existence of other viruses alongside SARS-CoV-2 and knowing the vaccination status of the host population may help in deploying the right strategies to get the best outcomes.
Elastic Electron Scattering from the Magnetic Multipole Distributions of Li 6 , Li 7 , Be 9 , B 10 , B 11 , and N 14

The magnetic form factors of the $1p$-shell nuclei ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$, ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$, ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}$, ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$, ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$, ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, have been measured by high-energy electron scattering at an angle of 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Incident electron energies up to 230 MeV (${q}^{2}\ensuremath{\simeq}5.2$ ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) were used. The incident- and scattered-electron paths were separated by use of a uniform magnetic field. Back-ground due to charge scattering was subtracted by varying the scattering angle around 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. At the higher momentum transfers the scattering from those nuclei having spin $\ensuremath{\ge}\frac{3}{2}$, was dominated by the octupole moment distributions. Results are interpreted in terms of harmonic-oscillator and finite-square-well shell models. Parameters dependent only on the coupling of the angular momenta in the $1p$ shell may be obtained from the data. They show a general trend from $L\ensuremath{-}S$ coupling to $j\ensuremath{-}j$ coupling as the mass number increases, in agreement with calculations of magnetic dipole moments and energy-level schemes. The outstanding exception is ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$, whose form factor is accurately described by the extreme independent-particle model. ($L\ensuremath{-}S$ coupling is quite incompatible with the data.) The ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ results may also be interpreted in terms of an "alpha plus deuteron" model. Numerical results for the harmonic-well strengths are obtained and compare favorably with electron-charge-scattering values. It is also possible to estimate magnetic octupole moments, where applicable, with fair accuracy, although these estimations are to a certain extent model-dependent.
Heavy and light chains all at once: A new immunofluorescence technique to evaluate monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits

Tools to identify monoclonal Ig deposits within tissue specimens include immunofluorescence (IF) staining on frozen tissue for Ig heavy chains and light chains, pronase IF to unmask monoclonal Ig deposits not seen by IF staining on frozen tissue, and IF staining for IgG subclasses (IgG1–IgG4). In this issue of Kidney International, a novel diagnostic tool is introduced: IF staining for conformational epitopes at the junction of the Ig heavy chains and light chains. This technique has the potential to significantly enhance our ability to evaluate apparent monoclonal forms of renal disease.
Off-Nominal Performance and Reliability of Novel Aircraft Concepts During Early Design

To achieve improvements in aircraft efficiency and reduced environmental footprint, aircraft must incorporate novel concepts, architectures, and technologies, such as distributed electric propulsio...
Detection of infectious bursal disease viruses by using cloned cDNA probes.

A molecular clone representing 445 base pairs at the 39 end of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) genome segment B was used in a dot blot hybridization assay to detect viral RNA from cell culture and from chicken bursa and spleen tissue specimens. The cloned nucleotide sequence represents approximately 14% of the virus-encoded polymerase (VP-1) gene. The lower detection limit of radiolabeled probes prepared from this clone was 0.1 ng of IBDV double-stranded RNA. The probe had broad specificity and was used to detect four serotype 1 IBDV strains and one serotype 2 IBDV strain. This probe, however, did not cross-react with nucleic acid extracted from nine unrelated poultry viruses. A rapid procedure for isolation of IBDV genomic RNA from bursa and spleen tissue specimens was developed and used with the dot blot hybridization assay to detect IBDV strains in tissue samples from experimentally infected and commercially reared chickens. Images
Data Providers - A Language Experiment

A persistent myth is that database systems must be data storage systems. Most are. The relational model of data [9],[21], with its emphasis on tuples and tables, perpetuates this myth. So does the popular concept of data warehousing [11],[20].