cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHEVRON IS DEAD; LONG LIVE CHEVRON

The Supreme Court’s decision in Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. NRDC continues to obsess academics and courts alike. Despite all the attention, however, the “Chevron revolution” never quite happens, and the close of the Supreme Court’s 2014-15 Term was full of hints of new judicial skepticism about excessive judicial deference to agency decisions. So we have a decision that is seen as transformatively important but that is honored in the breach, in constant danger of being abandoned, and the subject of perpetual confusion and uncertainty. This article, written for a symposium in honor of Peter Strauss, seeks both to bury and to praise Chevron.The article begins by describing Chevron as a form of self-regulation. That feature alone is enough to explain why it has not taken over the world and will never do so. The article then lays out a basic understanding of Chevron, focusing on the distinction between Chevron and the quite different model of deference exemplified by Skidmore v. Swift and Co. The argument here is for a reading of Chevron that is both weaker and stronger than that often proposed. On the one hand, courts retain an essential and meaningful role in determining the boundaries of what Peter Strauss has labeled “Chevron space”; they have real work to do. On the other hand, in doing that work, the views of the agency can never be ignored; in doctrinal terms, Skidmore applies within step one. These principles are explicated in part by reviewing the vocabulary of Chevron doctrine. This part concludes by placing Chevron in a jurisprudential framework that draws on the distinction between “interpretation” and “construction.” That distinction, or something like it, maps onto and helps elucidate the distinction between step one and step two. Courts have ultimate authority over interpretation but yield to agency construction.Part III applies the framework developed in Part II to the Supreme Court’s 2013 decision in City of Arlington v. FCC, which held that Chevron applies to agency determinations going to their own jurisdiction. The majority and the dissent in that case were both correct, making City of Arlington that rare creature, a unanimous 6-3 decision.Chevron is not a revolutionary shift of authority from the judiciary to the executive. That Chevron is dead. The Chevron that survives is an appropriate allocation of decisionmaking responsibility among the three branches, relying on the judiciary to enforce congressional decisions, but protecting agency authority and discretion where Congress has left the decision to the executive. Long may it reign.
The Consequences of Trust in the Media: A Moderating Effect of Media Trust on the Relationship between Attention to Television and Political Knowledge

Over time there has been a decline in the amount of trust individuals place in the media. Concern arises that a perception of lack of legitimacy in the media may adversely affect representative democracy since majority of Americans depend on the media for their political information. The purpose of this study is to examine the following question: Does a lack of trust in the media moderate the influence that attention to politics on television has on political knowledge? The results support the previously expressed concern. Those who are more trusting of the media demonstrate a greater affect of TV on knowledge in comparison to those who are less trusting.
Evidence-based care for patients with acute coronary syndrome in New York City

This chapter describes an innovative model of emergency cardiac care, designed by an academic medical center for residents living in the high-disparity community of East Harlem in New York City. Due to the socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities experienced by individuals living in this community, residents experience the second highest rate of premature death in New York. With a state-of-the-art cardiac catheterization center, cardiologists, partnering with nurse practitioners, collaborate to utilize the best available evidence to assess, diagnose, and treat patients with acute coronary syndrome. This innovative model has resulted in a dramatic reduction of mortality rates involving both nonemergency and emergency patients as well as an improved safety record that has surpassed other New York State Hospitals since reporting of data began in 1994.
Patent Reviews: 6,666,511; 6,667,808; 6,671,044; 6,671,050; 6,671,106; 6,674,519; 6,674,530; 6,690,474

The patent number, date of issuance by the U.S. Patent Office, and classification are shown on the first line. The filing date is that of the first application (although some patents may derive from earlier applications with earlier claim dates). Any opinions expressed are those of the reviewers and do not reflect the opinions of the organizations with which they are associated, the Optical Society of America, or this journal. Printed copies of these patents may be ordered from the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, DC 20231: telephone (703) 557-3158, URL http://patents.uspto.gov. Inquiries about patents should be addressed to the Patents Office, not to this journal or to OSA.
Freud's defense of reason

(2010). Freud's defense of reason. The Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review: Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 151-157.
Reconstructing the integrated Sachs-Wolfe map with galaxy surveys

The integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect is a large-angle modulation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), generated when CMB photons traverse evolving potential wells associated with large scale structure (LSS). Recent efforts have been made to reconstruct maps of the ISW signal using information from surveys of galaxies and other LSS tracers, but investigation into how survey systematics affect their reliability has so far been limited. Using simulated ISW and LSS maps, we study the impact of galaxy survey properties and systematic errors on the accuracy of a reconstructed ISW signal. We find that systematics that affect the observed distribution of galaxies along the line of sight, such as photo-$z$ and bias-evolution related errors, have a relatively minor impact on reconstruction quality. In contrast, however, we find that direction-dependent calibration errors can be very harmful. Specifically, we find that, in order to avoid significant degradation of our reconstruction quality statistics, direction-dependent number density fluctuations due to systematics must be controlled so that their variance is smaller than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ (which corresponds to a 0.1% calibration). Additionally, we explore the implications of our results for attempts to use reconstructed ISW maps to shed light on the origin of large-angle CMB alignments. We find that there is only a weak correlation between the true and reconstructed angular momentum dispersion, which quantifies alignment, even for reconstructed ISW maps which are fairly accurate overall.
Studies of synovial and serum C-reactive protein in experimental arthritis in rabbits.

SummarySerum and synovial C-reactive protein concentrations were determined in rabbits with induced arthritis to test the hypothesis that this acute phase protein is formed from precursors at sites of inflammation. CRP always appeared later and in lower concentration in synovial fluid than in serum. Similarly, in patients with a variety of ar–thritides, synovial CRP concentration never exceeded values expected as a result of simple passage from blood into synovial space. These findings indicated that CRP is not formed at the inflammatory site. Rather, its formation must occur at sites distant from the site of inflammation, and hence depend on humoral factors.
A Micro-Combined Heat and Power Laboratory for Experiments in Applied Thermodynamics

The purpose of this paper is to describe a micro-combined heat and power system, sized for residential distributed power generation, which was designed, constructed, and installed in the Advanced Energy Technologies Laboratory at the Milwaukee School of Engineering. The installation began as a Mechanical Engineering senior design project, in which students evaluated potential methods for distributed residential combined heat and power systems. Potential systems were evaluated based on cost-effectiveness in supplying the energy requirements of a typical residence in Milwaukee, WI, and they were also judged on their environmental impacts. Initial feasibility studies, undertaken with consideration of Milwaukee’s climatic conditions, found that a natural gas-fired, reciprocating engine-generator set with heat recovery exchangers could best meet the energy needs of a typical residence in a cost-effective manner. Following the design, fabrication, and installation of the system in the laboratory, the team designed and performed experiments to quantify the system performance. The system is currently configured to deliver 2 kW of electric power and 6 kW of thermal power, achieving an overall efficiency of 72%. The system is now used in two courses: Applied Thermodynamics, and Advanced Energy Technologies. During the cogeneration laboratories performed in these courses, students decide which measurements are needed and use the collected data to compute performance parameters, to complete an energy balance, and to perform a second-law analysis of the system.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Thermal Conductivity and Heat Transfer in Superlattices

Understanding the thermal conductivity and heat transfer processes in superlattice structures is critical for the development of thermoelectric materials and devices based on quantum structures. This work reports progress on the modeling of thermal conductivity of superlattice structures. Results from the models established based on the Boltzmann transport equation could explain existing experimental results on the thermal conductivity of semiconductor superlattices in both in plane and cross-plane directions. These results suggest the possibility of engineering the interfaces to further reduce thermal conductivity of superlattice structures.
Response of Different Strains of Type I Pneumococcus to Sulfapyridine

Summary(1) Strains of type I pneumococcus varied considerably in their response to sulfapyridine. (2) These variations were not as great as the variations between types, observed previously,2 for all the strains of type I pneumococcus were susceptible to intensive therapy. (3) Reinfection experiments indicated that there were marked variations in the antigenicity of the strains, but these differences could not be correlated with the effectiveness of sulfapyridine, and therefore were not responsible for the strain variations noted above.
Identification of mRNA Coding for Globin in the Chloragogen Cells of Lumbricus Terrestris

Chloragogen cells of the outer intestinal walls of Lumbricus terrestris contain RNA which is active in the in vitro synthesis of globin which has been identified immunologically in a Western blot. A Northern blot shows the presence of a poly A+ RNA fraction of 750-850 bp which hybridizes strongly with a synthetic 17-base oligonucleotide corresponding to amino acid residues 103-108 of chain AIII of Lumbricus globin. A cDNA library in λgtl0 is being screened with the oligonucleotide.
Unpacking the Ideology of Cosmopolitanism in Language Education: Insights from Bakhtin and Systemic Functional Linguistics

In line with what Hull and Stornaiuolo (2010) describe as a cosmopolitan turn in the social sciences and given the growing interest in cosmopolitanism as a result of neoliberalism (Bernstein et al., 2015) and the global rise in the use of English (Seargeant, 2012), this article investigates the ideology of cosmopolitanism by drawing on the constructs of heteroglossia and dialogue (Bakhtin, 1981; Blackledge & Creese, 2013) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Using the SFL Engagement framework (Martin & White, 2005) to analyze how cosmopolitanism is constructed in political speeches, official educational documents, and classroom interactions in Singapore, we also examine the ways in which cosmopolitanism is mediated in these discourses and how it impacts the varieties of English that are valued in society and school. Following the analyses of our data, we call for a development of dialogical cosmopolitanism (Canagarajah, 2013), which conceives of cosmopolitanism as a negotiated process and values lin...
Uncertainty Assessment of Valid Chlorine Measurement in Chlorine Disinfectant

Objective Systematic uncertainty study of valid chlorine measurement in chlorine disinfectant were made so as to improve quality control of valid chlorine measurement.Methods Valid chlorine content measurement method and statistical methods such as standard deviation, and square and root etc in《Technical Standard For Disinfection 》 (2002 version) was adopted.Results After calculation of uncertainty measurement in the sub-money valid chlorine, obtains the m relative standard uncertainty component for 0.0022, Vst relative standard components of uncertainty as 0.0025.V1 relative standard components of uncertainty 0.0013,V2 relative standard components of uncertainty for 0.0015;The relative standard uncertainty of the ultimate synthesis of 0.0039.Conclusion The most important factors influencing the chlorine uncertainty measurement were m and Vst,amely is, benchmark quality of potassium dichromate solution and sample consumption volume by titration.
A set for relational reasoning: Facilitation of algebraic modeling by a fraction task

Recent work has identified correlations between early mastery of fractions and later math achievement, especially in algebra. However, causal connections between aspects of reasoning with fractions and improved algebra performance have yet to be established. The current study investigated whether relational reasoning with fractions facilitates subsequent algebraic reasoning using both pre-algebra students and adult college students. Participants were first given either a relational reasoning fractions task or a fraction algebra procedures control task. Then, all participants solved word problems and constructed algebraic equations in either multiplication or division format. The word problems and the equation construction tasks involved simple multiplicative comparison statements such as "There are 4 times as many students as teachers in a classroom." Performance on the algebraic equation construction task was enhanced for participants who had previously completed the relational fractions task compared with those who completed the fraction algebra procedures task. This finding suggests that relational reasoning with fractions can establish a relational set that promotes students' tendency to model relations using algebraic expressions.
Significance of high-risk HPV detection in women with atypical glandular cells on Pap testing: Analysis of 1857 cases from an academic institution

BACKGROUND The role of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing in women with various types of atypical glandular cells (AGC) on Papanicolaou (Pap) test is undetermined. METHODS Herein, the authors retrospectively searched their pathology database for cases of AGC with concurrent hrHPV testing and histological follow-up results within 1 year between January 2008 and December 2013. RESULTS Among 3709 AGC cases occurring during the study period, 2287 had concurrent Hybrid Capture 2 HPV testing results. The overall rate of hrHPV positivity (hrHPV+) was 27.7%. Of these 2287 cases, 1857 cases (81.2%) had histological follow-up results within 1 year, including 529 hrHPV + cases and 1328 hrHPV-negative (hrHPV-) cases. Among the hrHPV + cases, 16.8% had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3), 5.7% had cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)/adenocarcinoma (ADC), and 1.1% had an endometrial carcinoma. Among the hrHPV- cases, 0.6% had CIN2/3, 0.2% had AIS/ADC, and 3.8% had an endometrial carcinoma. The rate of high-grade cervical lesions (CIN2/3, AIS, or ADC) was significantly higher in women who were hrHPV + compared with hrHPV- women for all age groups. Endometrial carcinoma was most commonly present in women aged ≥50 years. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the largest follow-up study published to date regarding women with AGC cytology and HPV testing. The study data indicate that hrHPV testing is useful for predicting the risk of high-grade cervical neoplasia in women with AGC, but has no significant value in evaluating the risk of endometrial carcinoma. The combination of cytology, hrHPV testing, and patient age can significantly aid in the appropriate management of these individuals. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:205–211. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Autologous Transplantation in De Novo Non-Promyelocytic Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients in First Complete Remission (CR1) with Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Collection Following Consolidation with High-Dose Cytarabine and Etoposide: A Single Institution Experience

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Autologous PBSC transplant is an important yet evolving treatment modality for patients with AML. However, the ideal mobilization regimen from which to collect PBSC remains in question. Previous reports have indicated that highdose cytarabine with etoposide is both safe and effective in terms of successful PBSC procurement, subsequent engraftment, and disease outcome. METHODS: At our institution from 1994 to 2007, 38 consecutive patients with de novo non-promyelocytic AML in first complete remission following conventional induction chemotherapy were consolidated with high-dose cytarabine (2000mg/m2 IV q12h × 8 doses, days 1–4) and etoposide (40mg/kg IV over 96h) followed by G-CSF 5 mg/kg subcutaneously starting d14 until completion of PBSC collection. Patients underwent myeloablative therapy with busulfan (1mg/kg po q6h × 16 doses, days –7 to -4) and etoposide (60 mg/kg IV over 10h, day -3) with PBSC infusion occurring on day 0 with daily G-CSF 5 mg/kg. Data regarding stem cell yield, engraftment and patient outcome was collected retrospectively. RESULTS: The average patient age was 44 years (range 19–70). Following consolidation, at least 2×106 CD34 cells/kg were isolated from all 38 patients with a median of 9.4×106 (range 2.2–43) CD34 cells/kg over a mean of 4 collections (range 1–11). Overall, 36 of 38 (95%) remained in CR and went onto PBSC transplant (one died from infectious complications during consolidation, one relapsed before transplant). The median number of stem cells infused was 8.8×106 CD 34 cells/kg (range 2.2–47). All 36 patients engrafted with the mean number of days to neutrophil recovery (ANC>500) being 11 (range 8–17) and the mean number of days to platelet recovery (>20,000) being 12 (range 8–19). Disease-free outcomes in patients undergoing PBSC transplant while in CR1 are presented in Figure 1. The 3y overall survival in all pts was 66%, and 56% at 5y. For good-risk cytogenetic patients, 3y OS was 78% and the 5y OS was 75%. For intermediate-risk cytogenetic patients, OS was 47% and 36% at 3y and 5y respectively. Three patients with poor cytogenetics were autulogously transplanted. One patient relapsed at day 111 and expired at day 450. The second patient remains in CR at day 246. The third patient relapsed at day 104 and expired at day 322. CONCLUSION: In patients with de novo non-promyelocytic AML in CR1, consolidation with high-dose cytarabine plus etoposide is safe and provides excellent yield of PBSCs upon growth factor accelerated hematological recovery. Subsequent engraftment after autologous transplanation is rapid. Our outcomes support the viability of this regimen in patients with good and intermediate-risk cytogenetics. Download : Download high-res image (90KB) Download : Download full-size image
Thermocapillary approaches to the deliberate patterning of polymers

The phenomenon of thermocapillarity, the response of fluids to thermal gradients due to thermal alteration of their surface tension, was first reported over a century ago. Since then, research has focused generally on either the fundamentals or mitigation of this effect during the processing of materials. Only in the past two decades has the deliberate use of thermocapillary forces for the patterning of polymers been actively pursued, either for the ordering of internal structure or the introduction of topographic features. This review seeks to highlight this work and to identify directions for further investigation. In particular, while thermocapillary forces are often inextricably bound to other mechanisms, there are emerging directions in the deliberate coupling of forces to improve the capabilities of each mechanism. Further, the applications of thermocapillary patterning to polymer-nanoparticle composites has recently provided another promising route to active architectures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017
Quasi-Static Energy Transport between Nanoparticles

We consider energy transfer between non-equal nanoparticles mediated by a quantum system. The nanoparticles are considered as thermal reservoirs described as ensembles of finite numbers of harmonic oscillators within the Drude-Ullersma model having mode spacings Δ 1 and Δ 2 . Our approach is based on the generalized quantum Langevin equation. The quasi-static energy transport between the thermal reservoirs is investigated. As is shown, the double degeneracy of the mode frequencies, which occurred in the previously considered case when Δ 1 = Δ 2 , is removed in the present case of non-equal mode spacings. Equations describing long-time (t ∼1/Δ 1,2 ) relaxation for the mode temperatures (or the ensemble averaged mode energies) are solved and the resulting expression for the total energy current between the nanoparticles is derived and explored.
Heterogeneous Ribosomes Preferentially Translate Distinct Subpools of mRNAs Genome-wide

Emerging studies have linked the ribosome to more selective control of gene regulation. However, an outstanding question is whether ribosome heterogeneity at the level of core ribosomal proteins (RPs) exists and enables ribosomes to preferentially translate specific mRNAs genome-wide. Here, we measured the absolute abundance of RPs in translating ribosomes and profiled transcripts that are enriched or depleted from select subsets of ribosomes within embryonic stem cells. We find that heterogeneity in RP composition endows ribosomes with differential selectivity for translating subpools of transcripts, including those controlling metabolism, cell cycle, and development. As an example, mRNAs enriched in binding to RPL10A/uL1-containing ribosomes are shown to require RPL10A/uL1 for their efficient translation. Within several of these transcripts, this level of regulation is mediated, at least in part, by internal ribosome entry sites. Together, these results reveal a critical functional link between ribosome heterogeneity and the post-transcriptional circuitry of gene expression.
The Economic Empowerment of Women in Uganda Through Mushroom Production

This study focuses on empowering women both in peri-urban and rural areas through mushroom production. It was conducted in Kampala Metropolitan area-Uganda, during October 2016. It focused on estimating profits, conducting benefit-cost analysis/ratio (BCR) and return on investment (ROI), finding reasons as to why women involved in the mushroom production and identifying the constraints of mushroom farming from the perspective of women as well as the possible solutions to the constraints. 29 women were interviewed face to face through the use of the questionnaires. The study revealed an average net profit of 3,464.28 US dollars, BCR of 3.84 and ROI of 2.84 per farm in a period of three months. Our study revealed that mushroom production is a profitable enterprise for women. The major reason for women to involve in mushroom was to earn income. However, a range of other reasons was given such as fast maturity of mushrooms, availability of market, healthy benefits of mushrooms, etc. were the most important reasons. The problems faced by women farmers were ranked from the most pressing problem to the least pressing problem in this order; Low market prices per kilogram of mushroom, scarcity of cotton during some seasons, poor quality mushroom spawn supplied to farmers by breeders, inadequate extension, and advisory services were the most observed problems among others. The suggested solutions were organizing farmers into groups or cooperatives in order to negotiate for better markets locally and abroad together with the help of government, researchers to carry out more research on the suitability of other substrates like bagasse other than relying on only cotton, ensuring that mushroom spawn breeders conform to the set standards of quality spawn production and re-equipping local extension workers with knowledge regarding mushroom production among others.
PipelineDog: a simple and flexible graphic pipeline construction and maintenance tool.

Summary Analysis pipelines are an essential part of bioinformatics research, and ad hoc pipelines are frequently created by researchers for prototyping and proof-of-concept purposes. However, most existing pipeline management system or workflow engines are too complex for rapid prototyping or learning the pipeline concept. A lightweight, user-friendly and flexible solution is thus desirable. In this study, we developed a new pipeline construction and maintenance tool, PipelineDog. This is a web-based integrated development environment with a modern web graphical user interface. It offers cross-platform compatibility, project management capabilities, code formatting and error checking functions and an online repository. It uses an easy-to-read/write script system that encourages code reuse. With the online repository, it also encourages sharing of pipelines, which enhances analysis reproducibility and accountability. For most users, PipelineDog requires no software installation. Overall, this web application provides a way to rapidly create and easily manage pipelines. Availability and implementation PipelineDog web app is freely available at http://web.pipeline.dog. The command line version is available at http://www.npmjs.com/package/pipelinedog and online repository at http://repo.pipeline.dog. Contact ysun@kean.edu or xing@biology.rutgers.edu or ysun@diagnoa.com. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Chloride penetration resistance of concrete mixtures with recycled concrete aggregates

Disposal of aged concrete pavements involves great cost and (due to volumes involved) can be detrimental to environment when all of this material is deposited in landfills. It is therefore cost-effective to recycle crushed concrete as coarse aggregates (referred hereafter as RCA) to replace natural aggregates (NA) during construction of new concrete pavements. This approach reduces the need for quarrying of natural aggregates and saves space in the landfills. The main focus of this study was on determining the chloride penetration resistance of pavement concretes containing various levels (0, 30 and 100%) of RCA as a replacement for NA. All concrete mixtures used in this study were designed to meet the fresh properties and flexural strength requirements specified for pavements by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). The resistance to chloride ion penetration was determined using two electrical migration tests: rapid chloride permeability (RCP) test (as per ASTM C1202) and non-steady state migration test (as per NT BUILD 492). Before the initiation of the RCP test, all specimens were first subjected to 250 mV AC potential scan using Solartron™ 1260 gain-phase impedance analyzer. The impedance spectra (collected over a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz) were used to obtain bulk resistance (Rb) of the concrete. The steady state diffusion coefficients were calculated using RCP test data in Nernst-Plank and empirical equations. The general trends obtained from the chloride penetration resistance results indicate that initial current values from RCP test can be used to predict the performance of concretes containing RCA. Mixtures with 30% RCA performed similar to 0% RCA mixture while the resistance to chloride penetration of concrete with 100% RCA was somewhat reduced.
Molecular Evolution of Leukemia Stem Cells

Many cancers are propagated by cells that have acquired stem cell properties, including enhanced capacity for self-renewal, survival, aberrant differentiation, and dormancy related to cell migration and retention in supportive niches. Although the majority of cancer treatments eliminate rapidly dividing cells, patients suffering from hematologic malignancies continue to relapse and develop resistance to standard therapies. Initiating oncogenic events has been described at the level of the hematopoietic stem cell in leukemias of both myeloid and lymphoid types. During leukemic progression, this abnormal progenitor cell compartment expands and evolves from a molecular standpoint, resulting in the activation of pro-survival and self-renewal signaling pathways and facilitating the acquisition of additional stem cell-like functional properties. In this chapter we will discuss leukemia stem cells (LSC) evolution at a functional, genetic, and epigenetic level and address the contribution of these molecular alterations to the progression of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias driven by therapeutically recalcitrant LSC.
Is Propensity to Innovate a Priced Risk in a Global Financial Institution Multifactor Pricing Model

Abstract: We use reporting data from 2001 annual reports to construct a single measure of propensity to innovate for each member of a multi-country sample of global financial institutions. The measure proves to be robust when reconstructed from later 2002-2005 annual reports. It is also value relevant within a multifactor framework, more successful in forecasting marginal long run returns to stocks of our sample institutions over the period from 2002-2006 than the book/market factor in the Fama-French international two factor international alternative. This result suggests Fama-French book-to-market-ratio-based returns may be a market-wide proxy for multiple industry-specific priced risks.
Increased Risk of Influenza and Influenza-Related Complications Among 140,480 Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background Diseases of immune dysregulation are associated with an increased risk of viral infections, some of which may be preventable. To date, there are very limited data on the incidence and risk of influenza and related complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, the impact of immunosuppressive medications on that risk is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and severity of influenza infections in IBD patients. In addition, we looked specifically at the effect of medications on influenza risk. Methods Using the MarketScan Database (January 2008 to December 2011), we conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate the incidence of influenza and risk of related complications in IBD patients compared with those without IBD. We employed a nested case-control study design to evaluate the potential independent effect of IBD medications on influenza risk. Results A total of 140,480 patients with IBD and non-IBD controls were studied. There were 2963 patients with influenza compared with 1941 non-IBD subjects. Inflammatory bowel disease patients had an increased influenza risk compared with those without IBD (incidence rate ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-1.63). A higher rate of hospitalizations (162/2994 [5.4%] vs 36/1941 [1.85%]; P < 0.001) was noted. Systemic corticosteroids were found to be independently associated with influenza (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08-1.38). Conclusions Inflammatory bowel disease patients had an increased risk of influenza compared with those without IBD and were more likely to require hospitalization. Steroids were the only medication class independently associated with flu risk.
Electromagnetic Scattering from Multi-Layer Dielectric Media with 3D Random Rough Interfaces Using Translation Matrix Approach

The Translation Matrix (T-Matrix) solution to the 3D problem of scattering of the electromagnetic waves from a dielectric layered media with random rough interfaces is presented. The solution is based on the coupled vector integral equation using the periodic Green's function. It is shown that the T-Matrix solution conserves energy, the bistatic scattering pattern has no pole singularity for the layered media waveguide mode case, and also in the small height regime will coincide with the SPM2 solution which is an analytical approach.
A low-sensitivity quantitative measure for traffic safety data analytics

Crash frequency is probably the most commonly used absolute measure in transportation research to quantify traffic safety. However, it suffers from high variability that is caused by the randomness of crash incidents and the density distribution of the crash incidents observed by clustering algorithms over a varying number of clusters in a large spatial domain—we can call this variability a traffic safety sensitivity. This paper presents a quantitative measure—called fatal severity ratio (FSR)—that reduces the traffic safety sensitivity problem significantly. A new fatal-point concept is first introduced and used for normalizing the crash frequency in the proposed FSR measure of traffic safety. An extensive empirical study is conducted to validate and evaluate the fatal-point concept and the FSR measure using several clustering techniques. The 2015 North Carolina fatal crash data set of Fatality Analysis Reporting System is also adopted in this study. The experimental analysis shows that the traffic safety sensitivity can be significantly reduced and the FSR measure can quantify traffic safety better than the crash frequency measure by managing cluster variabilities.
Headaches and sleep problems in US adolescents: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey - Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).

BackgroundThere is limited research on the association of sleep problems with International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II)-defined headache subtypes in youth, particularly from comm...
Bridging to lung transplantation with double-lumen venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation:

Background:Double-lumen venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a bridge to lung transplantation. Predictors of outcome with this strategy have not been well described.Methods...
Transportation Plan for Furman University

Transportation is a huge part of any university campus, yet systems can be disconnected, funding limited, and students unaware of alternative transit options. A sustainability team of the four stud...
14-3-3 shuttles Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein to the cytoplasm to promote appropriate neuronal morphogenesis, cortical connectivity and calcium signaling

Abstract Neurite formation is the earliest stage of neuronal morphogenesis, where primitive dendrites and the primitive axon emerge from a spherical neuron and begin to elongate. Defective neuritogenesis is a contributing pathogenic mechanism behind a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (Adnp) is essential to embryonic and postnatal brain development, and mutations in ADNP are among the most frequent underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found that knockdown of Adnp in vitro and in vivo in mouse layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons leads to increased neurite initiation and defective neurite elongation, suggesting that Adnp has distinct roles in each. In vivo analysis revealed that deficits begin at P0 and are sustained throughout development, the most notable of which include increased neurite stabilization, disrupted angle of the apical dendrite, increased basal dendrite number, and increased axon length. Because small changes in neuronal morphology can have large-scale effects on neuronal function and connectivity, we performed ex vivo calcium imaging to assess spontaneous function of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons deficient in Adnp. This revealed that Adnp deficient neurons had a greater spontaneous calcium influx and a higher proportion of cells firing action potentials. Next, we utilized GRAPHIC, a novel synaptic tracing technology, to assess interhemispheric cortical connectivity. We found increased interhemispheric excitatory connectivity between Adnp deficient layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. Because Adnp is a multifunctional protein with both transcription factor and cytoskeletal activity, we performed localization analysis of Adnp as neurons underwent neurite formation to probe the mechanism of our morphological defects. We found that Adnp is shuttled from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon differentiation and this shuttling can be blocked via application of a global 14-3-3 inhibitor, difopein. Furthermore, we found that Adnp binds nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttle 14-3-3e. We conclude that Adnp is shuttled from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by 14-3-3e, where it regulates neuronal morphology, maturation, cortical connectivity, and calcium signaling.
Deep-learning approach to attack handling of IoT devices using IoT-enabled network services

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology for network devices. Most IoT devices are enabled to connect to the Internet and to external cloud servers purposely or incidentally. It is likely that an attack goes into IoT devices or it is initiated by IoT devices, which is unless otherwise handled by security rules in the legacy network equipment. Since IoT devices may appear or disappear with no prior notification or no proper authentication, firewall rules set up in a legacy network are unsatisfactory to handle the IoT attacks. It is in part because the firewall rules in legal network are defined not only for legacy computing but also they should serve for IoT devices (see Fig. 1). This paper proposes an IoT-enabled network infrastructure, which is a complementary service to the legacy network infrastructure, to handle the packets coming into or going out of IoT devices only (see Fig. 2). Attack models in IoT devices are described in this paper. A few models can be detected by rulesets, while others may not be and therefore analyzed by an artificial neural network approach: IoT packet sequence patterns are trained; and potentially attackable packets are identified. The contribution of this paper includes 1) the characterization of IoT attacks, 2) the formation of neural network nodes to train the IoT attack models, and 3) embedding the trained models to analyze real-time network-streaming data.
A Review of Gamified Fitness Tracker Apps and Future Directions

This review examines 103 existing gamified fitness tracker apps in the Apple App Store and Google Play Store that motivate users to walk more. We consider different types of game elements in these mobile app games and show how they cluster into different game genres. We found co-occurrences of various game elements including Competition, Challenges, and Social Influence. Social features played a central role in nearly every type of gamified fitness tracker app, where a sub-category of games with real-world incentives emerged. Content and network analysis are used to suggest new areas of the design space that are unexplored, but potentially fruitful, such as plot-based collaborative games.
Towards Numerical Assistants

The last few years have seen an explosion of work on tools that address numerical error in scientific, mathematical, and engineering software. The resulting tools can provide essential guidance to expert non-experts: scientists, mathematicians, and engineers for whom mathematical computation is essential but who may have little formal training in numerical methods. It is now time for these tools to move into practice.
First Bite Syndrome After Parotidectomy: A Case Series and Review of Literature

Introduction:First bite syndrome (FBS) is a rare but potentially debilitating complication observed after surgery involving the upper cervical region. Patients classically complain of severe facial...
Complications of RFA for Thyroid Nodules: Prevention and Management

This review will summarize the various complications of RFA for thyroid nodules as well as preventative and management strategies that can be used when faced with these adverse events. Although widely perceived to be less invasive and a potentially safer option than surgery, a broad spectrum of complications have been reported in recent years, including nerve damage, nodule rupture, permanent hypothyroidism, and needle tracking seeding. Complications occur at a rate ranging from 0.0–16.7%. Understanding the complications that arise during treatment is essential in conducting safe and effective ablation therapy. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become an increasingly popular alternative to surgery for thyroid nodules. RFA has been consistently shown to be safe and effective for treatment. While complications can occur, they are seldom life-threatening. Understanding the minor and major complications that arise during treatment is essential in conducting safe and effective ablation therapy.
Analysis of community-level factors contributing to cholera infection and water testing access in the Northern Corridor of Haiti.

Vibrio cholera, the bacteria that cause cholera, is endemic in Haiti with a presence in both cities and remote areas. Improved access to drinking water testing and treatment in remote areas may reduce the impact of the disease. This case study uses correlation and regression analysis to identify the main factors that hinder access to water testing and that lead to high cholera infection rates among communities in the Northern Corridor of Haiti. Poor road conditions, mountainous terrain, and limited transportation options lead to high travel times up to 5.7 min/km between remote communities and drinking water testing facilities. The presence of springs in a community has a significant positive correlation with cholera infection rates in the Northern Corridor. However, socioeconomic factors had no significant correlation with cholera infection rate. The results of this study will be used to plan the implementation of a new drinking water testing laboratory near the city of Cap-Haitian and other programs for vulnerable remote areas. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Topography and road conditions may be more important than distance in determining the accessibility of water testing facilities for rural communities. A lack of access to private vehicles is a substantial challenge for many rural communities in accessing water testing. The presence of springs in a community had a significant positive correlation with cholera infection rate.
Scalable hedonic coalition formation for task allocation with heterogeneous robots

Tasks in the real world are complex and often require multiple robots to collaborate to be serviced. In many cases, a task might require different sensory inputs and actuation outputs. However, allocating a large variety of sensors and/or actuators on a single robot is not a cost-effective solution—robots with different attributes must be considered. In this paper, we study coalition formation for such a set of heterogeneous robots to be allocated instantaneously to a set of tasks. Our proposed solution employs a hedonic coalition formation strategy based on a weighted bipartite matching algorithm. In our setting, a hedonic coalition game, a topic rooted in game theory, is used to form coalitions by minimizing the total cost of the formation and maximizing the overlap between required and allocated types of robots for each of the tasks. This approach guarantees a polynomial time complexity and Nash-stability. Numerical results show that our approach finds similar quality near-optimal solutions to existing approaches while significantly reducing the time to find them. Moreover, it easily scales to large numbers of robots and tasks in negligible time (1.57 sec. with 2000 robots and 400 tasks).
Why Women Stay: Understanding the Trauma Bond Between Victim and Abuser Case Studies Were Written

Despite the attention given to intimate partner abuse, little is understood about the psychological factors that influence women’s decisions about staying in abusive relationships. The current study applied object relations theory to explain the personality development of both victim and abuser stemming from childhood abuse, neglect or abandonment and the development of two defense mechanisms that influence women’s decisions about staying. Using case studies with three women in a private practice setting, the research found that the childhood experiences of the three women included different levels of abuse, and that they all employed the moral and splitting defenses that influenced their decisions about staying. Specific guidelines for intervention are discussed as well as implications for research and policy.
The Effects of Compressibility on the Two-Dimenstional Subsonic Wind-Tunnel Constriction Correction

Relaxation methods were applied to the determination of the effects of compressibility on two-dimensional wind-tunnel interference. Calculations were made for a 10-per cent-thick symmetrical section, both isolated and symmetrically placed between two walls, for ratios of chord to tunnel height c/h of 1 and 2. Flows at Mach Numbers of both 0 (incompressible flow) and 0.5 were obtained. The incompressible velocities agreed well with those obtained by conformal mapping methods and the compressible velocities for the free-stream case were in satisfactory agreement with those given by Kaplan. Evaluation of the wall interference showed tha t the effect of compressibility averaged linearly along the chord was about the same as given by the linear-perturbation theories of Goldstein and Young, and Allen and Vincenti. The variations along the chord were so great, however, tha t the use of these theories for correcting local quantities is problematical.
Towards a next-generation search engine

As more information becomes available on the World Wide Web, it has become an acute problem to provide effective search tools for information access. Previous generations of search engines are mainly keyword-based and cannot satisfy many informational needs of their users. Search based on simple keywords returns many irrelevant documents that can easily swamp the user. In this paper, we describe the system architecture of a next-generation search engine that we have built with a goal to provide accurate search result on frequently asked concepts. Our key differentiating factors from other search engines are natural language user interface, accurate search results, and interactive user interface and multimedia content retrieval. We describe the architecture, design goals and experience in developing the search engine.
Process Validation, Session Report

This session was concerned with validation, or the ability to achieve a high degree of confidence that the artifacts produced in a product line context are the correct ones for the application and conditions at hand.
Walnut Pest Management: Historical Perspective and Present Status

The Persian walnut, Juglans regia L., is the most important member of its genus as a commercial nut producer. Fifteen species of walnuts are native to North, Central and South America, the West Indies, China, Japan, and the Middle East. Several of these species are valued for their wood while others act as rootstocks for Persian walnut varieties. None match the Persian walnut as a producer of edible nuts.