cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Employment and Roles of Counselors in Employee Assistance Programs.

The authors studied employment and roles of master's-level counselors in employee assistance programs (EAPs) and the services offered by different types of EAP organizations. The study focused on programs, workshops and seminars: assessment; counseling; consultation; and evaluation and marketing services offered by EAPs. Master's-level counselors were found to be similar to those with Master's of Social Work (MSW) degrees in employment rate and percentage of EAP staff. Both groups were the most frequently employed and constitute the greatest percentage of the professional mental health staff in EAPs. Also, counselors were found to be involved in all of the service areas studied within each type of EAP. Differences in counselors' roles among EAP types are discussed.
Wastewater reclamation and reuse

Municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse has been practiced for hundreds of years as a beneficial use of a previously wasted product. But it is now becoming recognized as an effective water conservation tool and pollution-control method. This paper describes the status, need, and potential of water reuse in the United States. Current policies are emphasized with several examples of successful water recycling on a worldwide basis given. The discussion is limited to the treatment and reuse of municipal sewage effluents for agricultural, industrial, recreational and domestic purposes. This is to be distinguishedfrom in-plant water recycling where multiple uses of the same water are evident.
A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice

A new quantum gas microscope that bridges the gap between microscopic and macroscopic approaches to the study of quantum systems has been developed. It uses high-resolution optical imaging to detect single atoms held in a holographically generated optical lattice. Its potential is demonstrated by the production of images of single rubidium atoms confined to an optical lattice with spacings of just 640 nanometres between atoms. The approach should facilitate quantum simulation of condensed-matter systems and find possible application in addressing and read-out of large-scale quantum information systems based on ultracold atoms. There are two different approaches for creating complex atomic many-body quantum systems — the macroscopic and the microscopic — which have, until now, been fairly disconnected. A quantum gas 'microscope' is now demonstrated that bridges the two approaches and can be used to detect single atoms held in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice. This quantum gas microscope may enable addressing and read-out of large-scale quantum information systems based on ultracold atoms. Recent years have seen tremendous progress in creating complex atomic many-body quantum systems. One approach is to use macroscopic, effectively thermodynamic ensembles of ultracold atoms to create quantum gases and strongly correlated states of matter, and to analyse the bulk properties of the ensemble. For example, bosonic and fermionic atoms in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice1,2,3,4,5 can be used for quantum simulations of solid-state models6. The opposite approach is to build up microscopic quantum systems atom-by-atom, with complete control over all degrees of freedom7,8,9. The atoms or ions act as qubits and allow the realization of quantum gates, with the goal of creating highly controllable quantum information systems. Until now, the macroscopic and microscopic strategies have been fairly disconnected. Here we present a quantum gas ‘microscope’ that bridges the two approaches, realizing a system in which atoms of a macroscopic ensemble are detected individually and a complete set of degrees of freedom for each of them is determined through preparation and measurement. By implementing a high-resolution optical imaging system, single atoms are detected with near-unity fidelity on individual sites of a Hubbard-regime optical lattice. The lattice itself is generated by projecting a holographic mask through the imaging system. It has an arbitrary geometry, chosen to support both strong tunnel coupling between lattice sites and strong on-site confinement. Our approach can be used to directly detect strongly correlated states of matter; in the context of condensed matter simulation, this corresponds to the detection of individual electrons in the simulated crystal. Also, the quantum gas microscope may enable addressing and read-out of large-scale quantum information systems based on ultracold atoms.
Reflections on a Decade of SOX 404(b) Audit Production and Alternatives

SYNOPSIS: Since passage of the quickly finalized Sarbanes-Oxley Act during July 2002, audit production in the U.S. has been substantially expanded by mandated internal control audits. The control audit mandate is unique to the U.S. and costly to apply, yet little is known about the conduct of control audits or the efficacy of lower-cost alternatives. This paper reflects our overall knowledge about control audit production and observation of a consistent message across public and limited non-public archival data, analytical studies, and numerous personal experiences of audit practitioners. Our primary observation is that, absent any financial misstatement, auditors find it difficult to identify material weaknesses in control design. Conversely, when auditors know about misstatements they can, and do, detect related material weaknesses and thereby identify most public companies found by mandated control audits to have ineffective controls. Thus, it appears possible to exploit this observation to identify an...
Fluorine magnetic relaxation in poly(p-fluorostyrene) and poly(m-fluorostyrene)

The spin-lattice relaxation time and the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) of 19F nuclei in dilute solutions of poly(p-fluorostyrene) and poly(m-fluorostyrene) were measured as a function of molecular weight, concentration, temperature, solvent, and field strength. Models for local motion of the chain backbone based on independent internal rotations or on one-dimensional defect diffusion failed to provide a quantitative description of both T1 and the NOE. A model based on three-bond crankshaft motions and a cutoff of coupling along the backbone gives a consistent account of these results as well as 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation data on polystyrene from the literature. The model provides a finite set of exponential correlation times to describe local motion, the center of the distribution lying in the nanosecond region for dilute solutions of polystyrenes in normal solvents. The apparent activation energy for the backbone motion obtained from the temperature dependence of the average correlation time based on NMR data is about 20 kJ mole−1. The local correlation times based on NMR are appreciably shorter than those determined by dielectric relaxation. This discrepancy points to the existence of several different local motions which make different contributions depending upon the experimental technique employed.
Automated analyses of innate olfactory behaviors in rodents.

Olfaction based behavioral experiments are important for the investigation of sensory coding, perception, decision making and memory formation. The predominant experimental paradigms employ forced choice operant assays, which require associative learning and reinforced training. Animal performance in these assays not only reflects odor perception but also the confidence in decision making and memory. In this study, we describe a versatile and automated setup, “Poking-Registered Olfactory Behavior Evaluation System” (PROBES), which can be adapted to perform multiple olfactory assays. In addition to forced choice assays, we employ this system to examine animal’s innate ability for odor detection, discrimination and preference without elaborate training procedures. These assays provide quantitative measurements of odor discrimination and robust readouts of odor preference. Using PROBES, we find odor detection thresholds are at lower concentrations in naive animals than those determined by forced choice assays. PROBES-based automated assays provide an efficient way of analyzing innate odor-triggered behaviors.
Revising neutrino oscillation parameter space with direct flavor-changing interactions

We formulate direct, neutrino flavor-changing interactions in a framework that fits smoothly with the parametrization of two- and three-state mixing of massive neutrino states. We show that even small direct interaction strengths could have important consequences on the interpretation of currently running and proposed oscillation experiments. The oscillation amplitude and the borders of the allowed regions in two- and three-flavor mixing parameter space can be sensitive to the presence of direct interactions when the transition probability is small. We use extensively the high sensitivity of the NOMAD experiment to illustrate potentially large effects from small, direct flavor violation. In the purely leptonic sector, we find that the clean ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ beams from a ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider could provide the sharpest tests of direct flavor violation.
Reliability of two failure mode systems subject to correlated failures

The majority of reliability modeling techniques assume systems and their components exhibit a single mode of failure. However, many systems including hardware are susceptible to two or more distinct failure modes. Previous research on two failure mode systems derived analytical expressions to determine the number of components that will maximize system reliability or minimize system cost. However, these expressions are commonly obtained from models that assume component failures are statistically independent, an assumption that is often violated in practice. This paper presents models to explicitly characterize the impact of correlated failures on the reliability and cost of several common structures. The applications of the expressions are illustrated through a series of examples, which indicate that ignoring correlation can overestimate system reliability and underestimate system cost. Thus, the expressions presented in this work can quantify the impact of correlated failure on two failure mode systems so that actions can be taken to mitigate correlation's potentially negative influence.
Design of Lens-Mask Three-Gun Color Television Tubes

This paper discusses a modification of the shadow-mask three-gun color television tube. By applying an electron accelerating field between the mask and the fluorescent screen, the mask apertures act as individual electron lenses causing the individual electron beams to converge. This permits the apertures to be increased in area resulting in improved utilization of the electron beam current and reduced mask heating. The added voltage is applied after beam deflection and therefore increases the energy in the beam without requiring increased scanning power. Design formulas pertaining to lens effects at the mask and electron beam refraction effects between the mask and the fluorescent screen are given for both planar mask and curved mask designs. The effects of fluorescent screen bombardment by secondary electrons produced at the lens mask is described and means for suppressing these effects are discussed.
Perceptual photometric seamlessness in projection-based tiled displays

Arguably, the most vexing problem remaining for multi-projector displays is that of photometric (brightness) seamlessness within and across different projectors. Researchers have strived for strict photometric uniformity that achieves identical response at every pixel of the display. However, this goal typically results in displays with severely compressed dynamic range and poor image quality.In this article, we show that strict photometric uniformity is not a requirement for achieving photometric seamlessness. We introduce a general goal for photometric seamlessness by defining it as an optimization problem, balancing perceptual uniformity with display quality. Based on this goal, we present a new method to achieve perceptually seamless high quality displays. We first derive a model that describes the photometric response of projection-based displays. Then we estimate the model parameters and modify them using perception-driven criteria. Finally, we use the graphics hardware to reproject the image computed using the modified model parameters by manipulating only the projector inputs at interactive rates.Our method has been successfully demonstrated on three different practical display systems at Argonne National Laboratory, made of 2 × 2 array of four projectors, 2 × 3 array of six, projectors, and 3 × 5 array of fifteen projectors. Our approach is efficient, automatic and scalable---requiring only a digital camera and a photometer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach and system that addresses the photometric variation problem from a perceptual stand point and generates truly seamless displays with high dynamic range.
Viscosity of a room temperature ionic liquid: predictions from nonequilibrium and equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations have been performed on 1-methyl-3-ethyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide [emim][Ntf2] using Lees−Edwards boundary conditions. A rang...
Acute Hyperoxic Injury Attenuates the Relaxing Effects of “Loop” Diuretics and Salbutamol on Large Airways of Newborn Guinea Pigs

ABSTRACT: We have previously found an age-dependent relaxing effect of furosemide in normal fetal, newborn, and adult guinea pig airways with fetal trachea exhibiting the greatest relaxation and adult tissue the least. This study was designed to expand upon this finding by determining if in vivo hyperoxic exposure would influence in vitro airway relaxation mediated by the loop diuretics, furosemide and ethacrynic acid, and the β2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol. Newborn guinea pigs were raised in >95% Fi02 until ill; controls in room air. Isometric relaxation to 3 × 10−5 M furosemide, 3 × 10−6 M ethacrynic acid, or 10−8−10−6 M salbutamol was recorded in 3 × 10−6 M histamine-constricted airway rings. Ethacrynic acid, like furosemide, relaxed newborn guinea pig airways. Hyperoxia did not alter the contractile effect of 3 × 10−6 M histamine but did significantly decrease the relaxing effect of furosemide, ethacrynic acid, and salbutamol. Loop diuretic mediated airway relaxation was accentuated in HEPES buffer when compared with Krebs, whereas salbutamol-mediated relaxation was unaffected. These results suggest that hyperoxia nonspecifically decreases airway responsiveness to the relaxing agents studied.
An Interrater Reliability Study of the Trail Making Test (Parts A and B)

In 1982 Lezak hypothesized that the current procedure used to administer and score the Trail Making Test had resulted in diminished reliability by increasing scorers' variance. 39 participants, tra...
A new linear facility for the treatment of agricultural commodities

Abstract Financed by a cooperative agreement with DOE, an irradiation facility is being contracted m Gainesville, FL, utilizing a GE-CGR linear accelerator as the irradiation source in a two-level design. The lower level has a one meter horn for 10 MeV electrons to irradiate shallow layers of commodities. The upper level has a 2.5 m horn equipped to produce 5 MeV X-rays to irradiate up to pallet-size loads. Automated conveyors will transport materials to be irradiated. The facility is divided for irradiated and unirradiated commodities with freezer and refrigerated storage on both sides. The facility is designed for research and demonstration purposes. Public and private research agencies will have access to the facility. The location adjacent to the University of Florida was selected to make it convenient to the scientists at that institution.
The relative orientation of the accretion disk and host galaxy disk in Seyferts

We present the results of the study of the orientation of the accretion disk relative to the host galaxy disk in Seyfert galaxies. We used a sample selected by a mostly isotropic property, the flux at 60 μm, with radio and optical data homogeneously observed and analyzed, to avoid selection effects. We found that the observed i and δ values, galaxy inclination and difference between the position angle of the jet and the galaxy major axis, respectively, are consistent with a random β-distribution, the angle between the jet and the galaxy plane axis. We also found that the previously suggested Zone of Avoidance disappears and was probably due to a selection effect. We suggest several explanations for the misalignment of the accretion disk relative to the galaxy disk.
Production of 4-imidazole ethanol from histamine bySaccharomyces rouxii

Saccharomyces rouxii PRL-411-64 wurde im Nahrmedium mit Histamin als Stickstoffsubstrat kultiviert. Das Hauptprodukt des Metabolismus wurde papierchromatographisch als Imidazol-4-ethanol identifiziert.
P21-Activated Kinase (Pak1) is a Direct Modulator of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling (ECC) Gain

Ras related proteins regulate the activity of the serine-threonine protein kinase Pak1, which has been implicated in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and motility. Recent evidence points to its role in cardiac ECC by attenuation of the β-adrenergic stimulation of ICa,L and IKr through activation of the phosphatase PP2A. To further determine the role of Pak1 in cardiac ECC we analyzed the Ca handling properties of isolated ventricular myocytes (VM) from Pak1-/- mice by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Isolated VMs from Pak1-/- mice exhibited a reduced Ca transient amplitude (Δ F/F0 WT: 1.78 ± 0.22 n=10; Pak1-/-: 1.26 ± 0.18 n=7, p<0.05) that was not based on a decrease in the load of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (WT: 5.58 ± 0.32; Pak1-/-: 4.82 ± 0.31) or a decrease in the current density of ICa,L (@-10mV: WT: 4.1± 0.5 n=11 pA/pF; Pak1-/-: 4.02± 1.6 n=9). However, the rise time of the Ca transient in Pak1-/- myocytes was significantly delayed (WT: 79 ± 5 ms; Pak1-/-: 119 ± 7 ms, p<0.05). The reduced amplitude could be based on a modified gain between Ca influx and Ca induced Ca release through the ryanodine receptor. β-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (100 nM) not only rescued the Ca transient rise time in Pak1-/- myocytes but induced an exaggerated increase in Ca-transient amplitude (F/F0: WT: 4.45±0.25; Pak1-/-: 5.22±0.26; p<0.05) and decrease in tau (WT: 159.8±8ms; Pak1-/-: 121±3ms; p<0.05). The direct involvement of Pak1 in this process is suggested by the reversal of all parameters to control conditions by adenoviral overexpression of Pak1 in Pak1-/- VMs. Our results further support the role of Pak1 as a modulator of β-adrenergic stimulation in VMs and indicate a novel role in the maintenance of cardiac ECC gain.
The measurement of the Newtonian constant of gravitation: One recent experiment and some general comments

I discuss here our new determination of the Newtonian constant of gravitation as well as some general comments. Great care was exercised in carrying out the experiment and in our detailed analysis. On completing our measurement, Harold and I were reminded of Cavendish's description of his 1798 experiment, “The apparatus is very simple.” (That statement also applies to the experiment that I report on here.) We would add, “The measurement is very hard.”
An electromyographic study of strength and upper extremity muscle activity in simulated meat cutting tasks

Meat cutting has long been associated with a high incidence rate of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. This study examined upper extremity muscle activities and force exertion capabilities to identify postures which have potential for causing overexertion injuries. Fifteen subjects exerted force against a handle in postures similar to those observed in the meatpacking industry. Exertion level, direction of exertion, handle height, reach distance and grip type were varied. Activity in the posterior deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, extensor digitorum and flexor digitorum superficialis was monitored via surface electromyography (EMG). The ratio of normalized EMG activity to force produced during the exertion was computed for each muscle under each condition. The results showed that handle position had a significant effect on force exertion capability and the EMG/force ratio in all muscles. Force exertion capability was maximized, and the EMG/force ratio was generally minimized when participants pulled downward on a handle positioned at full arm's reach above the shoulder. For vertical cuts, force decreased and muscle activity generally increased as the handle height was lowered. For horizontal cuts, the full reach distance tended to allow greater force exertion with lower EMG/force ratios. The stab grip also tended to be associated with higher forces and lower EMG/force ratios than the slice grip. This study supports the premise that musculoskeletal stresses in meatpacking tasks can be altered through tool and workstation redesign. The data provided herein may be useful in selecting design modifications that reduce biomechanical stress on the upper extremities.
2. Diagnostic Utility of FDG-PET in the Clinical Management of Patients with Suspected Recurrent Pancreatic Carcinoma after Whipple Procedure.

Abstract Purpose: We evaluated the usefulness of FDG-PET in the assessment of patients with suspected pancreatic carcinoma who have previously undergone a Whipple procedure. Methods and Materials: Attenuation-corrected FDG-PET was performed in 11 patients (5 males, 6 females, age range 52–76 years), with suspected recurrent pancreatic carcinoma after Whipple procedure. Recurrence was suspected based on clinical, laboratory (CA19-9 serum tumor marker level), or abdominal CT findings. Diagnostic validation was by histology in 2 patients and radiologic or clinical follow-up (5 to 48 months) in 9 patients. Changes in therapeutic management that were prompted by PET were tabulated. Results: PET was concordant with the findings of abdominal CT in 7 patients (6 true-positive, 1 true-negative). PET detected unsuspected lung lesions in 1 of these patients that was subsequently confirmed by a chest CT. PET was discordant with abdominal CT in 4 patients. PET detected tumor recurrence in 3 of 4 patients in this group (27% of total) who had non-diagnostic CT and elevated CA19-9 serology. Chemotherapy was initiated in 2 of these 3 patients (18% of total), while the other patient died shortly after the PET study from pneumonia and recurrent tumor was confirmed at autopsy. The remaining 1 of 4 patients in the discordant group had a false-positive PET study due to relatively high FDG localization in a displaced loop of bowel. Conclusion: PET is useful in localizing the tumor in post-Whipple patients with suspected recurrent pancreatic carcinoma and can impact their clinical management.
Polyethylene glycol rapidly restores physiological functions in damaged sciatic nerves of guinea pigs.

OBJECTIVE We have studied the ability of the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) to anatomically and physiologically reconnect damaged axons of the adult guinea pig spinal cord. Here we have extended this approach to test whether completely severed guinea pig sciatic nerves in isolation could be fused and whether PEG was able to repair severe standardized crush injuries to sciatic nerves in vivo. METHODS The fusion test was performed with isolated sciatic nerves maintained in a double-sucrose gap recording chamber. For in vivo experiments, the sciatic nerve was surgically exposed in the hind leg of deeply anesthetized adult guinea pigs and was crushed proximal to its insertion in the gastrocnemius muscle. PEG was injected just beneath the epineurium with a 29-gauge needle, allowed to remain in the damaged axon region for 2 minutes, and removed. Sham-treated guinea pigs received an injection of water or Krebs' solution. Three indices of recovery were simultaneously monitored in response to electrical stimulation of the proximal nerve, i.e., 1) recovery of compound muscle action potentials (in millivolts), 2) contraction force of the muscle (in dynes), and 3) displacement of the muscle (in millimeters). RESULTS When isolated sciatic nerves were severed within the double-sucrose gap chamber, compound action potential propagation through the transection plane was eliminated. After abutment of the two segments and 2-minute PEG application to this site, variable compound action potential recovery was measured in all four cases. The crush injuries to the sciatic nerve in vivo eliminated the three functional responses to sciatic nerve stimulation in all animals. Within the first 30 minutes after treatment, only 1 of 12 control animals exhibited spontaneous recovery in any of these measures, compared with six of eight PEG-treated animals. By 45 minutes, two more sham-treated animals and one more PEG-treated animal had recovered at least one functional response. This difference in proportions between PEG-treated and sham-treated animals was statistically significant (P < or =0.02). CONCLUSION We conclude that these preliminary data suggest that PEG application may be a way to interfere with the steady dissolution of peripheral nerve fibers after mechanical damage and to even functionally fuse or reconnect severed proximal and distal segments.
Quality-weighting of studies in meta-analytic research

All decisions regarding the inclusion of studies in meta-analytic research are seen as special cases of quality-weighting. A number of measurement issues are raised including types of reliability, indices of reliability, and effect size indices. Suggestions are offered as to what types of results should be reported in future studies of the type discussed here.
A dynamic address computation mechanism for use in database management

A dynamic address computation mechanism for use in database management is presented. The address computation technique allows information structured according to a given pre-defined tree to be stored without any address pointers, yet the populated tree is assumed to have an arbitrary number of branches below non-terminating tree nodes, and have arbitrary length information stored at the tree leaves. The address computation is accomplished using a compact (yet complete) address-free description of the populated tree structure. Utilization of this description allows information at any level of the tree to be directly accessed. The address computation provides the basis for an "intermediate" database architecture which embodies many of the advantages of both associative architectures and classical Von Neumann architectures.
Studies on the spatial relationship between intestinal disaccharidases and the phlorizin-sensitive transport of glucose

Abstract The question of the spatial relationship of brush border disaccharidases to the phlorizin-sensitive transport of glucose was examined in intact everted hamster intestinal sacs by determining the distribution of glucose in the mucosal and serosal fluids when the disaccharide, maltose, trehalase, or sucrose, was added initially to the mucosal or serosal side in the presence or absence of phlorizin. The concentration in the serosal medium of glucose, derived from disaccharides added to the serosal fluid, was manyfold the titer of hexose in the mucosal medium, despite the presence of the transport inhibitor. These results negate the claim that disaccharides are hydrolyzed uniquely on the luminal side of the glucose transport barrier; rather, they favor the view that disaccharidase activities are present in a zone of the intestine internal as well as external to a phlorizin-sensitive active transport reaction. Compared to other disaccharidases, relatively more of the brush border trehalase is internal to the phlorizin-sensitive barrier.
Bmi-1 over-expression in neural stem/progenitor cells increases proliferation and neurogenesis in culture but has little effect on these functions in vivo

The polycomb gene Bmi-1 is required for the self-renewal of stem cells from diverse tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). Bmi-1 expression is elevated in most human gliomas, irrespective of grade, raising the question of whether Bmi-1 over-expression is sufficient to promote self-renewal or tumorigenesis by CNS stem/progenitor cells. To test this we generated Nestin-Bmi-1-GFP transgenic mice. Analysis of two independent lines with expression in the fetal and adult CNS demonstrated that transgenic neural stem cells formed larger colonies, more self-renewing divisions, and more neurons in culture. However, in vivo, Bmi-1 over-expression had little effect on CNS stem cell frequency, subventricular zone proliferation, olfactory bulb neurogenesis, or neurogenesis/gliogenesis during development. Bmi-1 transgenic mice were born with enlarged lateral ventricles and a minority developed idiopathic hydrocephalus as adults, but none of the transgenic mice formed detectable CNS tumors, even when aged. The more pronounced effects of Bmi-1 over-expression in culture were largely attributable to the attenuated induction of p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf) in culture, proteins that are generally not expressed by neural stem/progenitor cells in young mice in vivo. Bmi-1 over-expression therefore has more pronounced effects in culture and does not appear to be sufficient to induce tumorigenesis in vivo.
Coronary artery aneurysm: A review

Coronary artery aneurysm is defined as coronary dilatation which exceeds the diameter of normal adjacent segments or the diameter of the patient's largest coronary vessel by 1.5 times. This is an uncommon disease which has been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary angiography. The incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery. Atherosclerosis accounts for 50% of coronary aneurysms in adults. Reported complications include thrombosis and distal embolization, rupture and vasospasm. The natural history and prognosis remains obscure. Controversies persist regarding the use of surgical or medical management. The authors recommend surgery based on the severity of associated coronary stenosis rather than the mere presence of aneurysm. Medical therapy is indicated for the majority of patients and consists of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medication.
The influence of the Pseudo-nitzschia toxin, domoic acid, on microzooplankton grazing and growth: a field and laboratory assessment.

Abstract We conducted field and laboratory experiments to determine whether the Pseudo-nitzschia -derived metabolite, domoic acid (DA), functions as a microzooplankton grazing suppressant. Using the seawater dilution technique in natural plankton communities along the Pacific Northwest coast, we found no significant relationship between dissolved DA and microzooplankton grazing rate on Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Dilution experiments amended with either 50 or 80 nM dissolved DA also showed no evidence that microzooplankton community grazing was affected by DA. The relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia spp. intracellular DA and microzooplankton grazing was less clear. On a subset of data where small Pseudo-nitzschia spp. cells dominated community composition, an apparent negative relationship between intracellular DA and microzooplankton grazing was observed. However, we provide evidence that this relationship is a microzooplankton response to Pseudo-nitzschia spp. growth rate, rather than cellular DA. In laboratory experiments, two diatom-consuming dinoflagellates, Protoperidinium excentricum and P. pellucidum , were fed single and mixed diets of a toxic and non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species and an optimal prey, Ditylum brightwellii . P. excentricum did not grow or ingest either the toxic or non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia . However, P. pellucidum grew as well on the toxic Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries as it did on D. brightwellii , but did not grow on the non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia pungens . Both dinoflagellates were capable of growing if Pseudo-nitzschia spp. diets were mixed with D. brightwellii . Addition of dissolved DA also had no negative effect on dinoflagellate growth when fed the optimal diatom diet. We conclude that domoic acid has no functional role in deterring microzooplankton grazing or growth rates. Further, our findings highlight the difficulty of defining the complex mechanisms that regulate predator and prey interactions within microplankton food webs.
Special session 11B: ITRS adaptive test update

A lot has changed in two years. This presentation will review what is new for the Y2013 ITRS major revision. This revision focuses more on explaining adaptive test beyond the expert users. What are emerging opportunities/challenges? What are the biggest upcoming bottlenecks?
Relationship of Human Behavior within Outbuildings to Potential Exposure to Sin Nombre Virus in Western Montana

Sin Nombre virus (SNV) causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in humans. Transmission of SNV among the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) host predominates during spring and summer, and is greater in peridomestic than sylvan settings where, protected from UV light, SNV may survive longer. Incidence of HCPS reflects these times and settings and is associated with inhalation of mouse excreta. Little is known, however, about how human use of outbuildings contributes to potential exposure to SNV. Here, the frequency and seasonality of outbuilding use by humans was evaluated, via a survey of rural residents in western Montana, to quantify human behaviors and potential risk of exposure to SNV. Retrieving or return of tools and scooping feed/grain were the most frequently undertaken activities. Seasonal activities coinciding with seasons of highest HCPS incidence and times of potentially high viral shedding by deer mice, included retrieving or returning tools, calving or lambing, and, to a lesser extent, feeding livestock and sweeping or cleaning. Human behavior is a component of SNV transmission risk and this preliminary study provides a basis from which to further evaluate this route of exposure.
Throughput Capacity of Hybrid Radio-Frequency and Free-Space-Optical (RF/FSO) Multi-Hop Networks

The per-node throughput capacity of hybrid radio frequency and free space optics (RF/FSO) networks is studied and the benefit of using this hybrid network architecture over the pure RF wireless networks is evaluated. The hybrid RF/FSO network consists of an RF ad hoc network of n nodes, m of them (so called super nodes) are equipped with an additional FSO transceiver. Every RF and FSO transceiver is able to transmit at a maximum data rate of W1 and W2 bits/sec, respectively. All the super node are connected by the FSO links and thus can form a stand-alone FSO network. With a minimum transmit power objective, an upper bound on the per node capacity of radic(1/n log n) + c2W2 radic(m log m)/n is derived. In order to prove that this upper bound is achievable, we design a hybrid routing scheme in which the data traffic is divided into two classes and use different routing strategies: a portion of data will be forwarded with the (partial) support of super nodes in a hierarchical routing fashion, and the rest will be purely routed through RF links in a multi-hop fashion. By properly balancing the load between these two classes of traffic, it is shown that this upper bound is tight when the maximum data rate ratio of FSO and RF transceivers, W2/W1, grows slower than radicn. Under such circumstances, the capacity improvement with the support of FSO nodes, as compared with the results for RF wireless networks in [1], is evaluated. A significant capacity gain will be achieved if W2/W1m log m = Omega(n). The results characterize the number of super nodes and/or the FSO data rate necessary in order to cause a non-trivial increase in the per-node throughput.
Satellite observations of the oi 1304, 1356 and 1641 Å dayglow and the abundance of atomic oxygen in the thermosphere

Abstract The far ultraviolet spectrometer experiment on the S3-4 satellite made nadir-viewing observations of the atomic oxygen dayglow during the spring of 1978. Comparison of 27 orbits of OI 1304 A (3P-3S), 1356 A (3p-5S), and 1641 A (1D-3S) intensities shows important orbit-to-orbit variations. For four selected orbits of data, airglow intensities have been computed using the O abundance predicted by the MSIS-83 model atmosphere for the appropriate geophysical conditions. In general, the MSIS-83 empirical model reproduces the airglow rather well. To match the absolute magnitude of the airglow, the computed photoelectron flux was increased by 40%, also the observed 1641 1304 intensity ratio required a branching ratio of 2.4 × 10−6. Reductions in the airglow during geomagnetically disturbed conditions suggest decreases in the O concentration which can be observed remotely.
A Social-Cognitive Information-Processing Model for School-Based Aggression Reduction and Prevention Programs: Issues for Research and Practice

Student aggression in schools continues to be a problem. School-based programs are a critical part of the solution. In this article we review research on the development of aggressive behavior within a social-cognitive informationprocessing (SCIP) framework. Huesmann (1998) presented a "unified" SCIP model in an attempt to integrate extant models. This model focuses on individuals' (a) attention to and interpretation of situational cues; (b) search for and retrieval of scripts for behavior; (c) script evaluation based on beliefs about aggression, outcome expectancies, and selfefficacy for aggressing or inhibiting aggression; and (d) interpretation of environmental responses to their behavior. We highlight components of best practice school programs that address these steps. Limitations of the SCIP framework are discussed as directions for future research. Applied recommendations based on a unified SCIP model are offered.
Inhibitory Effect With Antisense Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Oligodeoxynucleotide Against Cerebral Vasospasm in Rats

Background and Purpose — Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) may be associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study aimed to clarify the role of MAPK expression and activation during cerebral vasospasm and to evaluate the therapeutic effect on cerebral vasospasm using an antisense MAPK oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). Methods — Antisense MAPK, sense MAPK, or scrambled ODN was injected into the rats intracisternally. We used a single-hemorrhage experimental SAH model to assess vasospasm in the basilar arteries at 30 minutes, 1 day, and 2 days after SAH by cross-sectional area measurement and other histological parameters. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to quantify MAPK expression and activation. In addition, a double-hemorrhage rat SAH model was used to test the effect of post-SAH treatment with antisense MAPK ODN. Results — Antisense MAPK therapy significantly inhibited cerebral vasospasm when compared with sense MAPK or scrambled ODN treatment on day 2. The immunohistochemistry and Western blotting performed in the basilar artery of rats that received antisense MAPK ODN demonstrated inhibition of MAPK and phosphorylated MAPK on day 2. In post-SAH treatment study, antisense ODN reduced MAPK and phosphorylated MAPK in the basilar artery and attenuated cerebral vasospasm. Conclusions — MAPK activation, but not expression, might be implicated with sustained smooth muscle contraction during cerebral vasospasm after SAH. This study suggests that antisense MAPK ODN strategy is an effective treatment against cerebral vasospasm.
Four-Wave Mixing In Liquid Suspensions Of Microparticles

Saturation characteristics and response times are examined for a liquid suspension of Brownian microparticles subjected to electromagnetic fields in a four-wave mixing configuration. Calculations are presented for the evolution of particle density in the field of two degenerate plane waves of arbitrary intensity and angle of incidence. The analysis is then extended to include the additional presence of weak probe and conjugate-wave fields. Nonlinear field particle interactions are shown to give rise to the formation of higher order particle gratings and to novel pump grating modulation effects which greatly enhance the phase-conjugate characteristics of the microparticle suspension.
Angels and evil

L'argumention developpee par l'A. est destinee a demontrer la coherence de la doctrine chretienne au sujet de l'omnipotence, de l'omniscience de Dieu, de l'existence du mal et de la bonte absolue de Dieu si on veut bien modifier la version traditionnelle de la defense des plus grands biens. Il s'agit pour l'A. de proposer la version angelique de la defense des plus grands biens. La relation entre les anges et le mal est logique et non causale; la dimension superstitieuse est evitee. La version angelique partage avec la defense du libre arbitre la vertu de la simplicite
Novel microtubule-associated protein-2 isoform is expressed early in human oligodendrocyte maturation.

We have identified a developmentally regulated, oligodendrocyte-specific protein, designated microtubule-associated protein-2 expressing exon 13 (MAP-2+13), in the human central nervous system (CNS). Monoclonal antibodies directed against MAP-2+13 labeled oligodendrocytes in the white matter of human fetal spinal cord. Double-label immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, and immunoelectron microscopy localized MAP-2+13 to the soma and extending processes of fetal oligodendrocytes, but not to the myelin sheath. The immunoreactivity was throughout the perikarya. Ultrastructural examination of the fetal myelin sheaths showed them to be thin and not fully compacted, indicating that myelination was in progress. There was no overlap in staining of GFAP+ astrocytes and MAP-2+13+ oligodendrocytes. MAP-2+13 was also expressed in intermediate filament-negative "radial glia" extending from the central canal to the subpial surface. In the mature CNS, MAP-2+13 also marked cells of oligodendroglial morphology, but these cells were rare. These finding demonstrate that in the human CNS, MAP-2+13 is a novel protein transiently expressed in cells of oligodendroglial lineage.
Thermal photons and dileptons from non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma

Abstract The dependence on initial conditions of thermal production rates for photons and dileptons in the quark-gluon plasma is discussed. We also consider using these signals to experimentally determine plasma initial conditions. Based on the chemical rate equations of Biro et al., we show that later emissions in the thermal expansion conceal information about the initial conditions in the region of low pT and M, making determination of initial conditions difficult.
Finding Euler tours in parallel

Abstract The problem of finding Euler tours in directed and undirected Euler graphs is considered. O (log | V |) time algorithms are given using a linear number of processors on a concurrent-read concurrent-write parallel RAM.
A surprising cause of wheezing in a morbidly obese patient: a case report

A typical patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has small airway disease, which often responds to bronchodilators. If the patient is obese, he or she may be further compromised and not tolerate being in the supine position. We present a case of a patient with history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea with acute renal failure and urosepsis scheduled for an emergent debridement of Fournier's gangrene. In this patient, the fiberoptic intubation was performed in semi-Fowler's position, and tracheomalacia was observed.
Preparative purification of functional bacteriorhodopsin by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography.

Abstract High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to produce stable bacteriorhodopsin essentially free of native lipids. The purified bacteriorhodopsin was shown to be hgihly functional when reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. Purple membrane was washed in the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2,2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPSO) to remove a large fraction (65%) of the membrane lipids, solubilized in Triton X-100 and purified on a Bio-Sil TSK G3000SW column using a CHAPSO mobile phase. Pooled column fractions of bacteriorhodopsin from 25-mg sample loads show a 280 548 nm absorbance ratio of 1.5-1.6 and contain less than 4% endogenous lipids. This HPSEC method requires much less expensive synthetic detergent and is much faster than open column methods [cf. L.J.W. Miercke, P.E. Ross, R.M. Stroud and E.A. Dratz, J. Biol. Chem., 264 (1989) 7531–7535].
Turbidimetric Micro-Determination of Magnesium in Milk

Summary From 5 to 40 μ g. of magnesium can be determined by measuring the turbidity formed when the potassium salt of erucic acid is added in the presence of potassium oxalate. Preliminary removal of calcium as oxalate is achieved rapidly at room temperature; other milk components do not interfere. Analysis of various samples of milk and serum by the present technique showed that, compared with ashed samples, direct analysis gave results which agreed within±3.3%. The method is simple, convenient, and suitable for routine analysis.
Biotransformation of phytosterols under aerobic conditions.

Phytosterols are plant-derived sterols present in pulp and paper wastewater and have been implicated in the endocrine disruption of aquatic species. Bioassays were performed to assess the effect of an additional carbon source and/or solubilizing agent on the aerobic biotransformation of a mixture of three common phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol). The aerobic biotransformation of the phytosterol mixture by a mixed culture developed from a pulp and paper wastewater treatment system was examined under three separate conditions: with phytosterols as the sole added carbon source, with phytosterols and dextrin as an additional carbon source, and with phytosterols added with ethanol as an additional carbon source and solubilizing agent. Significant phytosterol removal was not observed in assays set up with phytosterol powder, either with or without an additional carbon source. In contrast, all three phytosterols were aerobically degraded when added as a dissolved solution in ethanol. Thus, under the experimental conditions of this study, the bioavailability of phytosterols was limited without the presence of a solubilizing agent. The total phytosterol removal rate was linear for the first six days before re-spiking, with a rate of 0.47 mg/L-d (R(2) = 0.998). After the second spiking, the total phytosterol removal rate was linear for seven days, with a rate of 0.32 mg/L-d (R(2) = 0.968). Following the 7th day, the phytosterol removal rate markedly accelerated, suggesting two different mechanisms are involved in phytosterol biotransformation, more likely related to the production of enzyme(s) involved in phytosterol degradation, induced under different cell growth conditions. β-sitosterol was preferentially degraded, as compared to stigmasterol and campesterol, although all three phytosterols fell below detection limits by the 24th day of incubation.
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and terrestrial biota after a spill of crude oil in Trecate, Italy.

Following a large blowout of crude oil in northern Italy in 1994, the distribution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was examined over time and space in soils, uncultivated wild vegetation, insects, mice, and frogs in the area. Within 2 y of the blowout, PAH concentrations declined to background levels over much of the area where initial concentrations were within an order of magnitude above background, but had not declined to background in areas where starting concentrations exceeded background by two orders of magnitude. Octanol-water partitioning and extent of alkylation explained much of the variance in uptake of PAHs by plants and animals. Lower Kow PAHs and higher-alkylated PAHs had higher soil-to-biota accumulation factors (BSAFs) than did high-Kow and unalkylated forms. BSAFs for higher Kow PAHs were very low for plants, but much higher for animals, with frogs accumulating more of these compounds than other species.