cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct adaptive fuzzy control design achieving H/sup /spl infin// tracking for high performance servo drives

This paper proposes a direct adaptive fuzzy control technique to achieve H/sup /spl infin// tracking for high performance servo drives with external disturbances. The proposed methodology combines: the attenuation technique; fuzzy logic approximation method; and adaptive control algorithm for the robust tracking control design of the nonlinear servo drives with unknown parameter variations and structures. The adaptive fuzzy approximation technique is used as rough tuning and the H/sup /spl infin// disturbance attenuation technique is considered as fine tuning. Selection of suitable performance weights is the main problem in design of a robust H/sup /spl infin// controller. In this paper, a systematic and automated approach based on adaptive fuzzy logic algorithm is proposed. It gives elevation the selection of optimal performance weights without any trial and error effort. Computer simulations show the effect of both the fuzzy approximation error and the external disturbance on the tracking error can be attenuated efficiently by the proposed method. The results illustrate desired upgrade on both H/sup /spl infin// and fuzzy control design. Thus, the proposed technique is suitable for the control of the uncertain nonlinear servo drive tracking applications. To the best knowledge of the author, however, the H/sup /spl infin// optimal control design has not yet been used for adaptive control or fuzzy control of high performance servo drives.
Nutritional Factors and Preservation of C-Peptide in Youth With Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes: SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study

OBJECTIVE To test the novel hypothesis that nutritional factors previously associated with type 1 diabetes etiology or with insulin secretion are prospectively associated with fasting C-peptide (FCP) concentration among youth recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Included were 1,316 youth with autoantibody-positive type 1 diabetes who participated in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study (baseline disease duration, 9.9 months; SD, 6.3). Nutritional exposures included breastfeeding and age at introduction of complementary foods, baseline plasma long-chain omega-3 fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), vitamin D, vitamin E, and, from a baseline food frequency questionnaire, estimated intake of the branched-chain amino acid leucine and total carbohydrate. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to relate each nutritional factor to baseline FCP adjusted for demographics, disease-related factors, and other confounders. Prospective analyses included the subset of participants with preserved β-cell function at baseline (baseline FCP ≥0.23 ng/mL) with additional adjustment for baseline FCP and time (mean follow-up, 24.3 months; SD, 8.2; n = 656). FCP concentration was analyzed as log(FCP). RESULTS In adjusted prospective analyses, baseline EPA ( P = 0.02), EPA plus DHA ( P = 0.03), and leucine ( P = 0.03) were each associated positively and significantly with FCP at follow-up. Vitamin D was unexpectedly inversely associated with FCP ( P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Increased intake of branched-chain amino acids and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids may support preservation of β-cell function. This represents a new direction for research to improve prognosis for type 1 diabetes.
RS Plus LDPC Codes for Perpendicular Magnetic Recording

In this paper, we investigate RS plus LDPC concatenated architectures for perpendicular magnetic recording channels. Using simulations, we find the optimal code rate and iterative scheme for the concatenated codes, compare their performance in both random noise and media defects, and show that those whose inner LDPC codes have lower column weights exhibit better performance. In addition, we estimate the performance of the concatenated codes with inner LDPC codes of column weight two, at very high signal-to-noise ratios, and find their error floors.
Use of SCADA Data for Failure Detection in Wind Turbines

This paper discusses the use of existing wind turbine SCADA data for development of fault detection and diagnostic techniques for wind turbines.
The development of a more virulent strain of Scleroderris lagerbergii in New York State

Scleroderris canker has recently killed several thousand hectares of large red and Scotch pine trees in northern New York State. The disease pattern indicates that a new more virulent strain of S. lagerbergii is now present in North America.
Track Clustering Using Fréchet Distance and Minimum Description Length

Clustering of objects into similar groups that share some common attributes has been a problem of interest in the data-mining community. Applications of this sort include pattern recognition, data analysis, and image recognition. In one recent track data-mining application, a dataset of polygonal trajectories was analyzed to discover common subtrajectories. Recent approaches to the track data-mining problem have made use of either the principle of minimum description length or new metrics for computing the distance between objects with a polygonal shape. A new approach to the track clustering problem based on the Frechet distance metric and the minimum description length principle is proposed and tested with the GeoLife dataset. This approach can be generalized for clustering any dataset of shapes on a metric space.
The Regulation of Type 7 Adenylyl Cyclase by Its C1b Region and Escherichia coli Peptidylprolyl Isomerase, SlyD *

Mammalian membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase consists of two highly conserved cytoplasmic domains (C1a and C2a) separated by a less conserved connecting region, C1b, and one of two transmembrane domains, M2. The C1a and C2a domains form a catalytic core that can be stimulated by forskolin and the stimulatory G protein subunit α (Gαs). In this study, we analyzed the regulation of type 7 adenylyl cyclase (AC7) by C1b. The C1a, C1b, and C2a domains of AC7 were purified separately. Escherichia coli SlyD protein, a cis-transpeptidylprolyl isomerase (PPIase), copurifies with AC7 C1b (7C1b). SlyD protein can inhibit the Gαs- and/or forskolin-activated activity of both soluble and membrane-bound AC7. Mutant forms of SlyD with reduced PPIase activity are less potent in the inhibition of AC7 activity. Interestingly, different isoforms of mammalian membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase can be either inhibited or stimulated by SlyD protein, raising the possibility that mammalian PPIase may regulate enzymatic activity of mammalian adenylyl cyclase. Purified 7C1b-SlyD complex has a greater inhibitory effect on AC7 activity than SlyD alone. This inhibition by 7C1b is abolished in a 7C1b mutant in which a conserved glutamic acid (amino acid residue 582) is changed to alanine. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity by 7C1b is further confirmed by using 7C1b purified from an E. coli slyD-deficient strain. This inhibitory activity of AC7 is also observed with the 28-mer peptides derived from a region of C1b conserved in AC7 and AC2 but is not observed with a peptide derived from the corresponding region of AC6. This inhibitory activity exhibited by the C1b domain may result from the interaction of 7C1b with 7C1a and 7C2a and may serve to hold AC7 in the basal nonstimulated state.
Counterfeit money detection by intrinsic fluorescence lifetime

Genuine U.S. Federal Reserve Notes have a consistent, two-component intrinsic fluorescence lifetime. We used scanning two-photon laser excitation and the time-correlated single photon counting method to identify three different types of counterfeit U.S. paper money.
Analysis of a Novel 3D Hybrid Woven/Knitted Fabric Structure Part II: Mechanical Model to Predict Modulus and Extension

In Part I of this series, a geometric model was developed to predict loop length, yarn consumption, and thickness of a novel 3D hybrid woven/knitted fabric structure. In this part, a mechanical model is generated for estimating the Young's modulus and extension of the 3D hybrid woven/knitted fabric structure. Castigliano's theorem is used to derive the relations. The compression, extension, and bending energies of yarns are considered for the total strain-energy formula of the fabric. The mechanical model is verified for the fabric Young's modulus. There is reasonable agreement between theory and experiment considering the assumptions made and the complexity of the 3D fabric structure. The deviation is less with high performance multifilament fibers in the warp and bias yarns.
Interfacial Stresses and Void Nucleation in Discontinuously Reinforced Composites

This paper presents the theoretical predictions of the stress state at the inclusion-matrix interface in discontinuous metal matrix composites by the generalized inclusion method. In the author's previous works, this method had been extended to the elastoplastic deformation in the matrix material. The present analysis of the ellipsoidal inclusion problem indicates that the regions at the pole and the equator of the particle/matrix interface essentially remain elastic regardless of the level of deformation, although the size of the elastic region keeps decreasing as deformation becomes larger. It was also found that, when the composite is undergoing a relatively large plastic deformation (strain), the maximum interfacial normal stress is approximately linearly dependent upon the von Mises stress and the hydrostatic stress. Based on the stress criterion for void nucleation, the author determined the void nucleation loci and nucleation strain for a composite subjected to an axisymmetric macroscopic stress state. The influences of interfacial bonding strength, inclusion shape, and volume fraction on the occurrence of void nucleation have been determined. The interfacial bonding strength in a SiC-aluminum system was re-evaluated by using existing experimental evidence.
Withdrawal from continuous cocaine administration: time dependent changes in accumbens 5-HT3 receptor function and behavioral tolerance.

We have previously reported that continuous cocaine administration functionally down regulates 5-HT3 receptors in the nucleus accumbens. The current experiments evaluated the duration of behavioral tolerance to cocaine and whether the duration of behavioral tolerance and 5-HT3 receptor down-regulation co-varied. Rats were withdrawn from a pretreatment regimen (40 mg/kg/per day cocaine or 0.9% saline for 14 days) for 1, 7 or 14 days. The rats were either sacrificed, and slices from the nucleus accumbens obtained, or were exposed to behavioral rating procedures. The results indicated that continuous cocaine administration significantly attenuated the ability of mCPBG to facilitate K+-stimulated DA release on days 1 and 7, but not day 14, of withdrawal. Furthermore, continuous cocaine administration induced behavioral tolerance to a cocaine challenge on days 1 and 7, but not day 14, of withdrawal. These results suggest that continuous cocaine administration functionally down-regulates 5-HT3 receptors in the nucleus accumbens, and this functional down-regulation co-varies with the behavioral tolerance induced by continuous cocaine administration. Hence, a functional down-regulation of accumbens 5-HT3 receptors may represent a partial mechanism for the tolerance following continuous cocaine administration.
A specific PP2A regulatory subunit, B56γ, mediates DNA damage‐induced dephosphorylation of p53 at Thr55

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been implicated to exert its tumor suppressive function via a small subset of regulatory subunits. In this study, we reported that the specific B regulatory subunits of PP2A B56γ1 and B56γ3 mediate dephosphorylation of p53 at Thr55. Ablation of the B56γ protein by RNAi, which abolishes the Thr55 dephosphorylation in response to DNA damage, reduces p53 stabilization, Bax expression and cell apoptosis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms, we have shown that the endogenous B56γ protein level and association with p53 increase after DNA damage. Finally, we demonstrate that Thr55 dephosphorylation is required for B56γ3-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and cell transformation. These results suggest a molecular mechanism for B56γ-mediated tumor suppression and provide a potential route for regulation of B56γ-specific PP2A complex function.
An Examination Of The Country Liquidity Index To Predict A Country's Foreign Direct Investment

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is critical to the economic development of any nation regardless of its level of growth. There is a plethora of research on the determining factors of FDI, both economic and non-economic, but very little on the weighted influence of these factors. This research is an attempt to categorize and rank the major determinates of FDI. The conclusion reached by this research is that economic condition of a country is a major determining factor for FDI, but there are other competing factors, as well, that have major impact on FDI. Using the Country Liquidity Index (CLI) as a barometer, the FDI is regressed to develop a model to predict the potential FDI of a country. Results conclude that only 22.46% of a country's FDI is explained by economic factors leaving the remaining 77.54% unexplained. This research attempts to explain the unexplained factors and rank the countries as overinvested and underinvested. A review of the data for the over and underinvested countries indicates that political factors and third country influences may outweigh economic factors when it comes to FDI. The paper concludes with a ranking of 62 countries and their foreign direct investment potential along with their current over/under foreign direct investments.
Definitions of Inflammatory Bowel Disease of Unknown Etiology

"Clear and precise definitions of diseases, and the application of such names to them as are expressive of their true and real nature, are of more consequence than they are generally imagined to be: untrue or imperfect ones occasion false ideas; and false ideas are generally fol­ lowed by erroneous practice."
An Applet for the Investigation of Simpson's Paradox

This article describes an applet that facilitates investigation of Simpson’s Paradox in the context of a number of real and hypothetical data sets. The applet builds on the Baker-Kramer graphical representation for Simpson’s Paradox. The implementation and use of the applet are explained. This is followed by a description of how the applet has been used in an introductory statistics class and a discussion of student responses to the applet.
The Guardians of Capitalism: International Consensus and the Technocratic Implementation of Austerity

Current debates on austerity often forget that these policies are almost a hundred years old. This article explores how the combination of austerity and technocracy acted as a powerful tool to secure the compliance of European countries with socio-economic stabilization after the First World War. Austerity emerged as an economic, moral, and technocratic message as economic experts sought to educate restless post-war civil society. The article analyses primary austerity documents from the international economic conferences of Brussels (1920) and Genoa (1922). In addition, I use a case study of Italy (1922–1925) to show how austerity succeeded under the first years of Fascism, when the government authorized prominent economics professors to implement the international financial codes devised at Brussels and Genoa. I also consider the scientific writings of De Stefani, Ricci, and Pantaleoni in order to examine the theoretical roots of the technocratic nature of austerity.
Reinforcement of Rubber through Short Individual Filaments

Abstract Short, individual filaments of seven organic fibers, along with glass and wire, were mixed into several types of rubber stock, mainly on a rubber mill. Both the glass and the wire filament...
Using qualitative methods to guide scale development for anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder

Anxiety is common in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Despite this common co-occurrence, studies targeting anxiety in this population are hindered by the under-developed state of measures in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Content validity (the extent to which an instrument measures the domain of interest) and an instrument's relevance to the patient population are key components of measurement development. This article describes the application of qualitative research methods in the initial development of a parent-rated instrument of anxiety symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Overall, 48 parents of 45 children (aged 3-17 years) with autism spectrum disorder and at least mild anxiety participated in one of six focus groups at two sites (three groups per site). Systematic coding of the focus group transcripts identified broad themes reflecting the situations and events that trigger anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder, the behavioral manifestations of anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder, the parent and the child's own response to anxiety, and broad behavioral patterns that could be associated with anxiety. From the focus group data, investigators generated 52 candidate items for a parent-rating of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder. This report provides a detailed description of these early steps in developing a patient-oriented outcome measure.
Theory for composite sandwich structures with unsymmetrical wythes and transverse interaction

Abstract Although concrete sandwich structures, such as the wide variety of insulated wall panels in use today, have gained increasing popularity over recent years, a rigorous analytical approach that captures and defines its complicated mechanics is lacking. This work addresses that concern by deriving a general form of governing equations for unsymmetrical wythe sandwich structures that includes both longitudinal and transverse interactions. A decoupled analysis procedure based on those governing equations that is applicable for design use is then presented. Finally, mathematical proof that demonstrates the difference and relationships between this newly developed methodology and popular existing theories is presented, and discussion of the implications and importance of the approach is provided.
Associations of coolness and social goals with aggression and engagement during adolescence

Abstract This study examined associations of coolness and social goals with aggression and academic engagement, and whether social goals and gender moderated associations across the fall and spring of sixth grade (first year of middle school). Students ( N = 347; 49% females) self-reported social goals (popularity, dominance, intimacy) and engagement (involved, disruptive behavior) and peer-reported coolness and aggression (overt, relational). Results indicated relations of coolness and social goals with subsequent aggression and engagement, and goals and gender moderated associations. Cool youth who endorsed intimacy goals had higher overt aggression; cool boys with low popularity goals or high dominance goals had higher overt aggression. Cool youth endorsing dominance goals and cool girls endorsing popularity goals had higher relational aggression. Cool youth and boys endorsing dominance goals reported lower involved behavior. Youth endorsing popularity goals and cool youth endorsing dominance goals reported higher disruptive behavior. Implications for examining adolescent coolness and social motivation are discussed.
Investigation of Xylose Reversion Reactions That Can Occur during Dilute Acid Pretreatment

Xylose reversion reactions to form xylooligomers represent a potentially important mechanism of sugar loss during dilute acid pretreatment of biomass. We have conducted a study to identify the products that result from these reactions and to determine the kinetics of their formation. A major obstacle is that there are few commercial standards available for xylose disaccharides, which are essential for the identification and quantification of the xylose reversion products formed during these reactions. To overcome this obstacle, we have used GC/MS and NMR analysis of xylose disaccharides isolated by preparative HPLC to identify the reaction products. At the xylose concentration we used (300 g L–1), only xylose disaccharides were observed. As with glucose reversion reactions [Pilath, H. M.; et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 6131], the disaccharides contained linkages that involved the anomeric carbon atom of one of the sugar monomers. Eight out of the nine possible disaccharides, including alpha and bet...
Predictors of Persistence With Antihypertensive Therapy : Results From the NHANES

BACKGROUND More than 40% of treated hypertensives in the United States do not have their blood pressure under control. This is partly owing to non-persistence with prescribed medication, which occurs within 1 year in 32-53% of newly treated patients. Knowledge of factors related to non-persistence is limited, partly because previous studies have being conducted mostly in elderly patients enrolled in a single health insurance. METHODS Weighted logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with non-persistence in hypertensive patients from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys III (NHANES III) and NHANES 1999-2002 who had been prescribed antihypertensive medication. RESULTS Of 6100 participants, 903 were non-persistent (sampling weighted national prevalence of 12.5%), even though they had elevated blood pressure. Non-persistence was 12 times higher in patients or =50 years old (P < 0.001), 31% higher in men than in women (P = 0.01), and 43% higher in Hispanics, as compare to other racial groups (P = 0.03). Patients with low income were almost two times more likely to be non-persistent (P < 0.001). Having no health insurance increased non-persistence by 88% (P = 0.002), and patients who did not visit their doctor during the last year were 10 times more likely to be non-persistent than those who made at least one medical visit (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In addition to young age, factors related to access to health care and medications (low income, health insurance, and visits to the doctor) were the main predictors of non-persistence. Policies that improve access to health care and patient follow-up may be of great impact in maintaining persistence.
Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) on BK K+ Channel Properties

Large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are widely expressed and acquire functional heterogeneity through alternative splicing, auxiliary subunits (β1-4, γ1-4), and posttranslational modifications. An additional mechanism with the potential to alter channel properties is natural genetic variation via single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Five SNPs in the gene encoding the pore-forming α subunit of BK, Kcnma1, were predicted to have potentially deleterious effects on channel properties. To determine whether these SNPs could alter BK currents, we introduced the SNPs into two human BK variants expressed in HEK293T cells, encoding muscle and brain-type channels (hBKQEERL and hBKVYR, respectively). We found that an autism-linked SNP (A138V), located in the ‘core’ channel intracellular S0-S1 linker, had little effect on current properties, while two non-disease-linked SNPs (C495G and R800W) in the C-terminal gating ring affected the conductance-voltage relationship and kinetics across multiple Ca2+ conditions in the context of both BK variants. Although the conductance-voltage relationships of the hBKQEERL and hBKVYR variants differed across Ca2+ conditions, R800W consistently produced rightward shifts in the V1/2 values, while C495G produced leftward shifts in the V1/2 values. These results suggest that SNP effects are additive in combination with splice variant effects in channel properties and implicate naturally occurring human genetic variation as a potential modulator of BK channel function.
Fog attenuation analysis of visible band for free space optical link

Free space optical (FSO) links are a viable option in high speed and last-mile data transmission links. However, weather conditions often deteriorate its performance and limit the widespread use of the technology. For an inexpensive and easily implementable FSO link, we propose to study the effects of fog on light transmission. Using a controlled fog chamber, we test and compare the attenuation characteristics of a six different wavelength LED FSO system, with a He-Ne laser system as reference. We find that Red LED system has the least attenuation due to fog.
#Blacklivesmatter: Congress and Symbolic Representation Through Twitter

In the age of Twitter, what does representation look like? Pitkin (1967) delineated four different forms of representation: formalistic, descriptive, substantive, and symbolic. Much of the Congressional representational literature has examined the relationship between descriptive and substantive (Lublin 1997; Canon 1999; Mansbridge 1999). Less attention has been given to the role of symbolic representation or its significance (Tate 2001; Canon 1999). Social media give members of Congress a new medium for representation and provide an emerging area of study for the concept of symbolic representation. More specifically, Twitter allows these Members of Congress to symbolically respond to both their constituents concerns and broader national movements. For example, movements like Black Lives Matter, which has significant real world impact through their organizing in response to police extrajudicial killings, gained a noticeable level of ubiquity through Twitter. Using this Twitter data, we will examine how Members of Congress symbolically address “#BlackLivesMatter”, by collecting the Tweets using the hashtag from our sample of legislators. This sample will include both minority and white Members of Congress and we will analyze their tweets based on their treatment of the Black Lives Matter movement. We expect that minority representatives, specifically black representatives, will be more positively responsive towards the movement than compared to white representatives.​
Empirical research on effects of interaction on elearning satisfaction and outcome: a review and future research direction

We have reviewed several e-learning empirical research studies that have investigated the effects of interaction on satisfaction and outcomes of e-learning, published between 2001 and 2010. Their conclusions seemed inconclusive, ranging from no relationships between interactions and two dependent variables (satisfaction and learning outcomes) to positive relationships. In-depth analyses of these empirical papers were conducted by examining dependent and independent constructs and their indicators, research methods, and participants' characteristics. We conclude that the conflicting results are due to primarily different definitions of the dependent and independent constructs and their indicator variables, different research methods employed, and participant's demographic characteristics. In order to build e-learning theories and a cumulative research tradition, it is necessary to (1) define the dependent/independent constructs and their indicators, (2) employ common research methodology, and (3) test commonly accepted causal models. Without fulfilling these, e-learning empirical research will continue to produce inconclusive findings.
Confined Growth of Metal Nanoparticles Within 3D DNA Origami Molds

Manufacturing prescribed shaped metal nanoparticles promises emerging applications in plasmonics, energy, and disease diagnosis. The key to the shape-controllable synthesis is generating local environments encoded with prescribed geometrical information. Here, we describe a general strategy that uses 3D self-assembled DNA origami as mold to confine the casting growth of metal nanoparticle. By transferring the shape information from DNA cavities to metal nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles with prescribed shapes, dimensions, and surface binding features could be rationally designed and synthesized.
Overlooked FANCD2 variant encodes a promising, portent tumor suppressor, and alternative polyadenylation contributes to its expression

Fanconi Anemia (FA) complementation group D2 protein (FANCD2) is the center of the FA tumor suppressor pathway, which has become an important field of investigation in human aging and cancer. Here we report an overlooked central player in the FA pathway, FANCD2 variant 2 (FANCD2-V2), which appears to perform more potent tumor suppressor-function compared to the known variant of FANCD2, namely, FANCD2-V1. Detailed analysis of the FANCD2 gene structure indicated a proximal and distal polyadenylation site (PAS), associated with V2 and V1 transcripts accordingly. RNA polymerase II Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) targeting the two PAS-regions determined lesser binding of RNA pol II to DNA fragments in the distal PAS region in non-malignant cells compared to malignant cells. Conversely, the opposite occurred in the proximal PAS region. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) identified that U2 snRNP, a major component of RNA splicing complex that interacts with the 3'end of an intron, showed greater binding to the last intron of the FANCD2-V1 transcript in malignant cells compared to the non-malignant cells. Importantly, our data showed that in human tissue samples, the ratio of V2 /V1 expression in lung, bladder, or ovarian cancer correlates inversely with the tumor stages/grades. Therefore, these findings provide a previously unrecognized central player FANCD2-V2 and thus novel insights into human tumorigenesis, and indicate that V2/V1 can act as an effective biomarker in assisting the recognition of tumor malignance.
Primary Care UK Records of Brain Tumor Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms and signs of brain tumor in children with and without brain tumors were compared in a UK population-based retrospective analysis of primary care records by researchers at University of York and other centers in the UK.
The Ambiguity Theory of “Knows”

The ambiguity theory of “knows” is the view that knows and its cognates have more than one propositional sense—i.e., more than one sense that can properly be used in “knows that” etc. constructions. The ambiguity theory of “know” has received relatively little attention as an account of the truth-conditions for knowledge ascriptions and denials—especially compared to views like classical, moderate invariantism and epistemic contextualism. In this paper, it is argued that the ambiguity theory of knows has an advantage over both classical, moderate invariantism and epistemic contextualism. This advantage is that it is the only one of these views that can account for “diverging knowledge responses without inconsistency” (DRWI)—i.e., cases in which, for the same subject S and proposition p, one and the same speaker says truly “S knows p” but instead could have truly said “S does not know p” and vice versa. This paper argues both for the existence of DRWI scenarios and the ability of the ambiguity theory of knows to best explain their existence.
Acceleration of Dynamic Process Simulation with Hierarchical Control by Steady State Leap

The dynamic simulation of process manufacturing system with hierarchical control of multiple time scales may have the problem of scale gap, which presents a major bottleneck to the global simulation speed. This paper presents a novel approach of steady state leap (SSL) to accelerate the system simulation of such kind. The SSL technique detects the state of the system at the beginning of each simulation cycle. If the system is at a steady state, the simulator will calculate the system state using its steady state model instead of the dynamic model. Otherwise the dynamic solver routine will be applied. SSL can also be applied in parallel to achieve further acceleration. The proposed approach is capable of speeding up the simulation to a magnitude in reverse ratio of the frequency of disturbance occurrence. The performance of SSL is validated by the experiment study on a grinding manufacturing process. The issue associated with the parallel application of SSL is also discussed.
Non-retarded dispersion energy between macroscopic spheres

Abstract The dispersion energy between two spheres A and B is calculated by expanding the field fluctuations in these spheres in terms of spherical harmonics. This yields an infinite Taylor series in the reduced radii (=radius/distance of centers). The exact dispersion energy is compared with its upper and lower limits, which correspond to a maximum screening by half-spaces (Lifshitz approach) and to no screening at all (Hamaker approach). The two limits are split into identical frequency and different geometric factors and differ by less than 1 per cent at separations characteristic of adhesion. In a second step we calculate the dispersion energy between spheres whose surface is covered with an adsorbed layer. The effect of such layers on the dispersion energy depends primarily on the cross-sections of the spheres at twice the separation d of the interacting partner. An exact treatment of adsorbed layers shows that the dispersion energy is no longer factorized into a frequency and a geometric term and hence depends sensitively on the frequency dependence of the dielectric constants involved. This affects the accuracy of computed results, in particular for separations smaller than and equal to the thickness of the adsorbed layer; for large separations the dielectric properties of the bulk material are predominant.
Anaximander's spartan sundial

As the author of the earliest secular account of the universe's formation, Anaximander of Miletus can lay a strong claim to the title of first Greek cosmologist. Tradition also credited him with invention of the first time-telling instruments: ‘He was the first to construct gnomons for the identification of solstices, time spans, horai and the equinox’ (οὗτος πρῶτος γνώμονας κατeσκeύασe πρὸς διάγνωσιν τροπῶν τe ἡλίου καὶ χρόνων καὶ ὡρῶν καὶ ἰσημeρίας, Euseb. Praep. evang. 10.14.11). This paper reconstructs the location, design and function of a γνώμων which he erected at Sparta, and moots some intriguing parallels with the Augustan Horologium on the Campus Martius. Before we turn to the evidence, however, two points of terminology need to be clarified. The Greek term γνώμων can denote either a sundial—a pointer attached to a surface with marks for tracking its shadow—or the pointer itself, in English also called the gnomon; Eusebius’ reference to the identification of times suggests that what Anaximander created was in fact a sundial. Now, depending on its design, a sundial can tell either the hour of the day, the season of the year, or both; from Eusebius’ text it is not clear which function Anaximander's dial possessed, since the noun ὧραι can mean either ‘hours’ or ‘seasons’. But only one usage of the word would be appropriate for the sixth century: no authors refer to hours of the day prior to Herodotus (2.109) and there is no evidence for Greek sundials displaying hours prior to c.350 b.c.; by contrast, the use of ὥρα to mean ‘season of the year’ is as old as Homer and Hesiod, and the solstices and equinoxes mentioned by Eusebius demarcate the transitions between the seasons. Anaximander's device was a sundial, then, one which tracked seasons rather than hours. According to Diogenes Laertius, the cosmologist set up one such device at Sparta (2.1).
Strengths and Struggles: First-Generation College-Goers Persisting at One Predominantly White Institution

Through use of an interpretive phenomenological inquiry, this study examined the lived experiences of first-generation college students persisting at a mid-sized, private, predominantly White insti...
AAWAA: Visibility, Pan-Asian Identity and the Limits of Community

This chapter describes how Asian American art in San Francisco evolved in the 1990s, connecting the then prominent discourse of multiculturalism with the attention given to “minority” artists and their identity (especially those who do not fit clearly in the predominant conceptions of Asianness in California).
Intersecting Identities and Persuasive Speech

The similarities between Judah’s speech before Joseph in Genesis 44 and Esther’s series of requests before Ahasuerus in the book of Esther provide an unusual opportunity for an intersectional exploration of multiple identities as reflected in persuasive discourse. The speeches of the two figures not only contain verbal similarities but also occur at decisive moments in the narratives, when hidden identities are revealed, and they even share a set of rhetorical tactics. Each speech unfolds in a setting where the speaker’s identity is shaped by a combination of intersecting factors involving class, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and relatedness. Judah and Esther both model ways in which Jews who inhabited these intersecting categories could shape social realities in their diasporic communities despite structural constraints on their status. Subtle differences between the rhetorical strategies of the two figures provide further clues to the ways in which persuasive discourse and intersecting identities mutually influenced one another.
The power of place, or powerless places? Hybrid attitudes towards Soviet symbols in post-Soviet Georgia

This article explores the hybridity of commemoration by analysing people’s attitudes to three types of contested Soviet symbols in post-Soviet Georgia. I draw on 62 in-depth qualitative interviews ...
Reliability and clinical feasibility of measuring dual-task gait in the inpatient rehabilitation setting following traumatic brain injury.

Background: To prepare patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) for discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, physical therapists may incorporate dual-task gait activities. Reliability of common d...
Achieving Global Climate and Environmental Goals by Governmental Regulatory Targeting

Abstract Strategic niche management and transition management have been promoted as useful avenues to pursue in order to achieve both specific product or process changes and system transformation by focusing on technology development through evolutionary and co-evolutionary processes, guided by government and relevant stakeholders. However, these processes are acknowledged to require decades to achieve their intended changes, a timeframe that is too long to adequately address many of the environmental and social issues many industrialized and industrializing nations are facing. An approach that involves incumbents and does not consider targets that look beyond reasonably foreseeable technology is likely to advance a model where incumbents evolve rather than being replaced or displaced. On the other hand, approaches that focus on creating new entrants could nurture niche development or deployment of disruptive technologies, but those technologies may only be marginally better than the technologies they replace. Either approach may take a long time to achieve their goals. Sustainable development requires both radical disruptive technological and institutional changes, the latter including stringent regulation, the integration of disparate goals, and changes in incentives to enable new voices to contribute to new systems and solutions. This paper outlines options for a strong governmental role in setting future sustainability goals and the pathways for achieving them.
Crew health status and monitoring summary: the second manned Skylab mission.

The evaluation of available medical data to determine the health status of the Skylab 3 crew members is discussed. The utilization of raw data from medical experiments during the course of the mission as a source of near-real time criteria for monitoring crew health is described. The percentage change of selected metabolic parameters, including calorie intake, Na intake, K intake, urine output, water intake, and body weight, from their pre-flight values, vectorcardiographic data, and results of the lower body negative pressure experiment provided a core of information upon which clinical judgements could be made. Minor clinical problems occurring during the mission are outlined.
A curated gene list for expanding the horizons of pigmentation biology

Over the past century, studies of human pigmentary disorders along with mouse and zebrafish models have shed light on the many cellular functions associated with visible pigment phenotypes. This has led to numerous genes annotated with the ontology term "pigmentation" in independent human, mouse, and zebrafish databases. Comparisons among these datasets revealed that each is individually incomplete in documenting all genes involved in integument-based pigmentation phenotypes. Additionally, each database contained inherent species-specific biases in data annotation, and the term "pigmentation" did not solely reflect integument pigmentation phenotypes. This review presents a comprehensive, cross-species list of 650 genes involved in pigmentation phenotypes that was compiled with extensive manual curation of genes annotated in OMIM, MGI, ZFIN, and GO. The resulting cross-species list of genes both intrinsic and extrinsic to integument pigment cells provides a valuable tool that can be used to expand our knowledge of complex, pigmentation-associated pathways.
Teaching Competencies for Student-Centered, One-to-One Learning Environments: A Delphi Study:

Learning environments with a one-to-one student-to-computer ratio have unique qualities when compared with traditional learning spaces. Past studies have focused on the impact of the technology, bu...
The fame monster: Unintended consequence of fame for psychological science

Abstract Scientific fields often assign fame to certain individuals and studies to delineate a narrative about the field's importance, success, and contribution to knowledge. However, such assignations of fame can result in a situation wherein assumptions of scientific merit may follow from fame, rather than fame following from clear scientific merit. This can result in several problems for the field including conflicts of interest in peer review, resistance to disconfirmatory results, politicization of some research areas, and may contribute to psychology's replication crisis. It is suggested that principles of replicability, transparency and open science can, ultimately, help psychological science identify those empirical results which are most verifiable and, as such, deserving of “fame.”
Managerialism: The Before, During, and After of Fragmentation in International Law

Scholars have largely refrained from categorising fragmentation into (pre-, peri-, and post-) stages. However, by tracking scholarly debate on the causes, conditions, and effects of fragmentation since the 1990s, a common linkage becomes apparent. This is managerial ideology. Managerialism has received scholarly attention but with an expanded definition of managerialism – as a microcosm of managerialism in modern society – additional features are revealed, which are identifiable in the fragmentation of international law. The paper, therefore, begins by conceptualising managerialism, looking to management to provide this broader definition. Hereafter, the paper traces the importance of the managerial mindset to the fragmentation of international law. It looks to the causes of fragmentation, arguing that managerialism conditioned the turn to functional regimes. It then considers the managerial premises underpinning functional regimes, namely the idea of professional specialisation and the portrayal of regimes operating as markets. Finally, it considers one pathology of functional regimes – the democracy deficit – and how the solution posed to this, namely greater accountability and oversight, is a managerial one. The paper concludes on the importance of managerialism for the development of international law over recent decades.
Autonomous Object Pick-and-Sort Procedure for Industrial Robotics Application

This paper describes an industrial robotics application, named Gilbreth, for autonomously picking up objects of different types from a moving conveyor belt and sorting the objects into bins accordi...
Pain in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

The practice of pain management in infants, children, and adolescents is an evolving specialty directed by a rapidly expanding body of knowledge acquired over the last 30 years.
103. IMPROVING SCREENING LAB COMPLIANCE IN AN URBAN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

Background Screening laboratory evaluations are important components of pediatric primary care. Current AAP guidelines recommend hemoglobin and lead screening at 12 months as well as lipid screening between 9-11 years. Health disparities, including variable access to transportation, contribute to failure to complete recommended screening labs at an underserved urban pediatric clinic. Following urban clinic relocation from site 1 to site 2 and subsequent loss of on-site phlebotomy, the average lab completion rate declined significantly. Aim Statement Our primary aim is to increase the rate of screening lab completions in our urban pediatric population to 75% by December 2018. Interventions A multidisciplinary team completed a Quality Improvement study to evaluate barriers to completing screening labs. Standardized phone calls to families with incomplete labs were made and fishbone diagrams were created to categorize barriers. A process map was created to understand the steps required to complete screening labs. Interventions included: reminder phone calls, standardized instructions placed into After Visit Summary (directions to the lab location, lab hours and public transportation routes to the lab), initiation of access to onsite phlebotomy, and training of on site clinic staff in phlebotomy. Measures Outcome measures were the percent of patients with completed screening labs. Process measures included percentage of patients without complete labs who received follow-up phone calls. Balancing measures were allocation and cost of staff resources. Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) methodology was used to implement and test interventions. Statistical process control charts were used to analyze the impact of interventions. Results 473 charts were reviewed. Average screening lab completion at Site 1 was 79% with decline to baseline of 21% with move to clinic Site 2. Lab completion rates increased to mean of 42% with initial interventions in action period. Lab completion increased to 90% with special cause improvement after on site staff phlebotomy training. Cost analysis data pending. Conclusions and Next Steps Significant increase was noted in lab completion upon the addition of on-site lab phlebotomy at site 2. Initial interventions did not lead to increased compliance rates further highlighting the importance of accessibility in an urban population. Urban underserved clinics may consider addition of on-site phlebotomy to continue to close the gaps in health disparity.
Dietary Effects on Dahl Salt-Sensitive Hypertension, Renal Damage, and the T Lymphocyte Transcriptome.

The Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat is an established model of SS hypertension and renal damage. In addition to salt, other dietary components were shown to be important determinants of hypertension i...
Correction to: Using online peer assessment in an Instructional Technology and Material Design course through social media

The original version of this article unfortunately requires correction with respect to the affiliation of the author.