cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HIV INFECTION PRESENTING AS AN UNUSUALLY LARGE PURE YOLK SAC TUMOR OF THE TESTIS

An increasing number of testicular tumors in patients seropositive for HIV are being reported. Optimal treatment presents unique challenges regarding the ability of patients with immunodeficiency to tolerate standard therapy. We report on a patient with previously undiagnosed HIV infection and an extremely large pure yolk sac tumor presenting as a painless enlarging scrotal mass. CASE REPORT A 41-year-old black man noticed left testicular enlargement for which he was treated with oral antibiotics for presumed epididymo-orchitis in 1989. Although asymptomatic, he presented 8 years later with a visibly noticeable scrotal mass and a 40-pound weight loss. Physical examination demonstrated an enormous solid, nontender left scrotal mass. Abdominal computerized tomography showed the scrotal mass, as well as 4 3 4 cm. hepatic and 5 3 4 3 10 cm. para-aortic lesions that were consistent with metastases (fig. 1). The patient had an elevated a-fetoprotein of 4,755 ng./ml. (normal less than 20) and unexplained anemia. Further evaluation revealed a low CD41 count of 238 cells per ml. (normal 400 to 1,400) and HIV seropositivity. The patient underwent left radical orchiectomy and reduction scrotoplasty. Pathological examination revealed a pure yolk sac tumor and negative surgical margins (fig. 2). After 4 cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, serum a-fetoprotein returned to normal. Radiographic studies revealed only small, calcified left para-aortic lymph nodes. Anti-retroviral therapy was begun following chemotherapy. At 24-month followup the patient was without clinical disease, which was confirmed on radiography.
Measurements of antifungal levels in corneal tissue: a simplified bioassay for amphotericin B.

Measuring precise antifungal levels in the cornea with broth-dilution bioassays is difficult, as standard techniques involving visual determination of endpoints are hindered by corneal debris. To increase the precision of the measurement, we modified the sample preparation for bioassay of rabbit corneas treated with subconjunctival Amphotericin B. Endpoint determination and variance were compared for a freshly thawed corneal suspension and the supernatant after 24 h equilibration; bioassay of the corneal suspension after 24 h equilibration served as an additional control. All endpoints were read visually in a masked fashion and were verified by culture. The three methods gave comparable endpoint values with equivalent degrees of variance. Amphotericin B levels were consistent by both visual and culture determination; however, endpoints were clearly visible and easier to read for the supernatant. Visual determination of the endpoints for the supernatant following 24 h equilibration simplified and ensured the precision of the bioassay technique.
αB-crystallin: a novel VEGF chaperone

In this issue of Blood , Kase and colleagues demonstrate that αB-crystallin controls stress-induced intraocular neovascularization via regulation of VEGF secretion.[1][1] Intraocular neovascularization caused by retinopathy is the primary cause of blindness. Retinopathies, such as retinopathy of
“Trifecta” in Partial Nephrectomy

Purpose: We introduce the concept of trifecta outcomes during robotic/laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, in which the 3 key outcomes of negative cancer margin, minimal renal functional decrease and no urological complications are simultaneously realized. We report serial trifecta outcomes in patients treated with robotic/laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for tumor in a 12-year period.Materials and Methods: A total of 534 patients had complete data available and were retrospectively divided into 4 chronologic eras, including the discovery era—139 from September 1999 to December 2003, conventional hilar clamping era—213 from January 2004 to December 2006, early unclamping era—104 from January 2007 to November 2008 and anatomical zero ischemia era—78 from March 2010 to October 2011. Renal functional decrease was defined as a greater than 10% reduction in the actual vs volume predicted postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate.Results: Across the 4 eras tumors trended toward larger size (2.9, 2.8, 3.1 ...
Electrophoretic studies of bovine serum. V. Complement-fixing antibodies in serum fractions in anaplasmosis.

SummaryFractionation of acute phase anti-Anaplasma sera and subsequent study of the fractions by CF showed that serologic activity was associated with the alpha- and beta-globulins of lower mobilities, and the gamma-globulins of highest mobility. Similar studies with convalescent sera showed a complete absence of CF activity in the alpha-globuliins. CF activity in the beta-globulin fractions was distributed essentially similar to that found in acute phase sera although the titers of the individual fractions were diminished. The CF activity in the gamma-globulins during the convalescent stages was associated with fractions of high and intermediate mobilities. It was confirmed that a relationship existed between the concentrations of globulin components and CF antibody titers.
Precipitative Removal of As, Ba, B, Cr, Sr, and V Using Sodium Carbonate

Sodium carbonate softening at pH 10.3 is a viable method of removing the inorganic contaminants arsenic, barium, chromium, strontium, and vanadium from drinking water sources. A broad survey revealed that removals varied widely and were dependent on solution composition. Median removals of As, Ba, Cr, Sr, and V were 24, 100, 92, 99, and 60%, respectively. Linear and nonlinear empirical models were fit for crudely estimating the removal of these contaminants in the presence of other elements that are typically removed in the softening process (i.e., calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, and aluminum). Boron was removed to a much lesser extent (median removal 2%) indicating soda ash softening is not a promising treatment option for this purpose.
Integration, Disintegration, and Reintegration via Advanced Information Technology

American culture is shifting from a mass culture toward increasing specialization and diversification. The growth of communication in cyberspace is consistent with this trend inasmuch as it supports the proliferation of interest and affinity groups. Socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural factors affect access to, use of, and behavior within this communication space. Other forms of regulation of the use of cyberspace include the emerging norms of on-line discussion groups and political attempts to regulate the content of the Internet.
Iron in Synthetic Quartz: Heat and Radiation Induced Changes

As part of a study of the possible changes in silicate material on the lunar surface produced by solar radiation, effects of ionizing radiation, of heating, and of heating followed by ionizing radiation on iron-doped synthetic quartzes have been studied as models. The optical changes are mainly related to valence changes in ferric or ferrous ions.
Brain mechanisms and feeding behavior in the pigeon (Columba livia). II. Analysis of feeding behavior deficits after lesions of quinto-frontal structures.

An analysis of the deficits produced by lesions of quinto-frontal structures (PrV, QFT, NB) in the pigeon was carried out, using a variety of measures of hunger and thirst. The results may be summarized as follows: In pigeons maintained under ad-libitum conditions lesions of PrV, QFT and NB are followed by a period in which responsiveness to food is abolished or significantly reduced. Lesions of PrV and NB impair the performance of the consummatory response of eating by disrupting the neuro-sensory control of mandibulation. Lesions of PrV and NB abolish an operant key-pecking response reinforced with food for periods ranging from a few days to several weeks. No effects of quinto-frontal lesions upon either operant or consummatory measures of thirst were observed. We conclude that quinto-frontal structures mediate both sensorimotor and motivational processes involved in the control of feeding behavior in the pigeon and that these two functions may be experimentally dissociated. Our results are discussed in relation to previous studies of the sensory and neural control of hunger in birds and mammals.
Scale-Based Fuzzy Connected Image Segmentation

This paper extends a previously reported theory and algorithms for object definition based on fuzzy connectedness. In this approach, a strength of connectedness is determined between every pair of image elements. This is done by considering all possible connecting paths between the two elements in each pair. The strength assigned to a particular path is defined as the weakest affinity between successive pairs of elements along the path. Affinity specifies the degree to which elements hang together locally in the image. Although the theory allowed any neighborhood size for affinity definition, it did not indicate how this was to be selected. By bringing object scale into the framework in this paper, not only the size of the neighborhood is specified but also it is allowed to change in different parts of the image. This paper argues that scale-based affinity, and hence connectedness, is natural in object definition and demonstrates that this leads to more effective object segmentation.The approach presented here considers affinity to consist of two components. The homogeneity-based component indicates the degree of affinity between image elements based on the homogeneity of their intensity properties. The object-feature-based component captures the degree of closeness of their intensity properties to some expected values of those properties for the object. A family of non-scale-based and scale-based affinity relations are constructed dictated by how we envisage the two components to characterize objects. A simple and effective method for giving a rough estimate of scale at different locations in the image is presented. The original theoretical and algorithmic framework remains more-or-less the same but considerably improved segmentations result. The method has been tested in several applications qualitatively. A quantitative statistical comparison between the non-scale-based and the scale-based methods was made based on 250 phantom images. These were generated from 10 patient MR brain studies by first segmenting the objects, then setting up appropriate intensity levels for the object and the background, and then by adding five different levels for each of noise and blurring and a fixed slow varying background component. Both the statistical and the subjective tests clearly indicate that the scale-based method is superior to the non-scale-based method in capturing details and in robustness to noise. It is also shown, based on these phantom images, that any (global) optimum threshold selection method will perform inferior to the fuzzy connectedness methods described in this paper.
The influence of complete dentures upon taste perception

Abstract 1. Taste, as we ordinarily think of it, is dependent upon all our special senses. 2. Without the sense of smell we have only our basic tastes, namely, sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. 3. In addition, taste perception is influenced by the age, health, attitude, or hunger of the individual. 4. The sense of touch and temperature are also closely allied with the sense of taste. 5. There is a much wider distribution of taste buds in the fetus, infant, and children than in the adult. Our sense of taste diminishes, therefore, as we grow older. 6. There is a gradual shift of taste from the tip of the tongue to the region of the circumvallate papillae. Our sense of taste of sweet and salt diminishes, and the sour is more pronounced. 7. Complete loss of taste, or ageusia, is known to accompany hysterical and other abnormal nervous states. It may be temporary, or, in cases of certain lesions, the sense of taste may be permanently destroyed. 8. The sense of taste may be interfered with or even interrupted by the interjection of an outside stimulus such as a denture or dentures. 9. Pressure or pain acting as a counterirritant may interrupt the sense of taste. 10. Mastication of food on the anterior teeth or undermastication of food may preclude the actual penetration of the material or food in solution into the taste pore.
Status Of X-Ray Lithography At H-P

The various aspects of X-ray lithography at H-P in terms of mask-fabrication, resist development, alignment systems and source development are reviewed in their present status. Masks are being developed, flat within one micron, and with very low substrate defect density. PCMS is described as an X-ray resist with moderate sensitivity, but very good physical properties. Advanced source cooling techniques are expected to allow power densities up to 60KW/cm2, enhancing the source brightness. A very compact automatic exposure system is described, with alignment accuracy of .15 micron RMS.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The method of solution for stimulated Raman scattering and two-photon propagation

Abstract A uniquely different inverse scattering transform is presented for solving stimulated Raman Scattering and two-photon propagation. This transform is based on the generalized Zakharov-Shabat problem, and in certain cases one will not have r = ±q ∗ , bound-state eigenvalues may move, and the space dependence of the scattering data may itself depend on a second inverse scattering transform.
Mobile visual communications and displays

The different types of mobile visual communication modes and the types of displays needed in cellular handsets are explored. The well-known 2-way video conferencing is only one of the possible modes. Some modes are already supported on current handsets while others need the arrival of advanced network capabilities to be supported. Displays for devices that support these visual communication modes need to deliver the required visual experience. Over the last 20 years the display has grown in size while the rest of the handset has shrunk. However, the display is still not large enough - the processor performance and network capabilities continue to outstrip the display ability. This makes the display a bottleneck. This paper will explore potential solutions to a small large image on a small handset.
Antarctica's Whillans Ice Plain ice flows are highly variable

The Whillans Ice Plain (WIP) is a roughly 20,000-square-kilometer region of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that acts as a massive conveyor, driving glacial ice into the Ross Ice Shelf. As the climate changes, knowing how large bodies of ice like the WIP behave will be important to assessing sea level rise.
Detecting urethral and prostatic inflammation in patients with chronic prostatitis

Abstract Objectives. Diagnosis of urethral and prostatic inflammation can represent a challenge. We compare the accuracy of diagnostic methods for detecting inflammation in lower urinary specimens/samples. Methods. A standardized protocol was used to evaluate urethral smear, first-void urine (VB1), midstream urine (VB2), expressed prostatic secretions (EPS), and postmassage urine (VB3) in urologic patients with no symptoms or signs of urethritis who were attending our prostatitis clinic. Results. Of 235 subjects, 60 (26%) had leukocytes detected by the Gram-stained urethral smear, 44 (18%) by the VB1, and only 14 (6%) by the VB2. Compared with the urethral swab, VB1 had 0% to 22% sensitivity and 81% to 98% specificity, and VB2 had 8% to 11% sensitivity. Of 83 subjects with prostatic inflammation, the EPS detected 63 (76%) and the VB3 detected 68 (82%). Conclusions. VB1 or VB2 examinations had low sensitivity for detecting urethral inflammation. Examining both the EPS and VB3 proved best for detecting prostatic fluid inflammation. Combining the urethral smear with lower urinary tract localization (“four-glass test”) represents an optimal approach for detecting urethral and prostatic inflammation.
Monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus in standard clinical care

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with a fluctuating and unpredictable course. Monitoring SLE in the routine clinic setting is a challenge because both the disease and its treatment can result in organ damage. Disease activity indices and a cumulative history summary can be used to track complicated patients over time. Monitoring guidelines for damage from the disease and for the toxicity of treatment are available.
Store-dependent and -independent Modes Regulating Ca2+ Release-activated Ca2+ Channel Activity of Human Orai1 and Orai3

We evaluated currents induced by expression of human homologs of Orai together with STIM1 in human embryonic kidney cells. When co-expressed with STIM1, Orai1 induced a large inwardly rectifying Ca2+-selective current with Ca2+-induced slow inactivation. A point mutation of Orai1 (E106D) altered the ion selectivity of the induced Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC)-like current while retaining an inwardly rectifying I-V characteristic. Expression of the C-terminal portion of STIM1 with Orai1 was sufficient to generate CRAC current without store depletion. 2-APB activated a large relatively nonselective current in STIM1 and Orai3 co-expressing cells. 2-APB also induced Ca2+ influx in Orai3-expressing cells without store depletion or co-expression of STIM1. The Orai3 current induced by 2-APB exhibited outward rectification and an inward component representing a mixed calcium and monovalent current. A pore mutant of Orai3 inhibited store-operated Ca2+ entry and did not carry significant current in response to either store depletion or addition of 2-APB. Analysis of a series of Orai1-3 chimeras revealed the structural determinant responsible for 2-APB-induced current within the sequence from the second to third transmembrane segment of Orai3. The Orai3 current induced by 2-APB may reflect a store-independent mode of CRAC channel activation that opens a relatively nonselective cation pore.
Increased G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) expression in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia

Abstract Background Current pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including dopamine receptors. Ligand-bound GPCRs are regulated by a family of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), members of which uncouple the receptor from heterotrimeric G proteins, desensitize the receptor, and induce receptor internalization via the arrestin family of scaffolding and signaling molecules. GRKs initiate the activation of downstream signaling pathways, can regulate receptors and signaling molecules independent of GPCR phosphorylation, and modulate epigenetic regulators like histone deacetylases (HDACs). We hypothesize that the expression of GRK proteins is altered in schizophrenia, consistent with previous findings of alterations upstream and downstream from this family of molecules that facilitate intracellular signaling processes. Methods In this study, we measured protein expression via Western blot analysis for GRKs 2, 3, 5, and 6 in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with schizophrenia ( n = 36) and a comparison group ( n = 33). To control for antipsychotic treatment, we measured these same targets in haloperidol-treated vs. untreated rats ( n = 10 for both). Results We found increased levels of GRK5 in schizophrenia. No changes were detected in GRK protein expression in rats treated with haloperidol decanoate for 9 months. Conclusion These data suggest that increased GRK5 expression may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia via abnormal regulation of the cytoskeleton, endocytosis, signaling, GPCRs, and histone modification.
Membrane association of sucrose synthase: changes during the graviresponse and possible control by protein phosphorylation

Sucrose synthase (SuSy) plays an important role in sucrose degradation and occurs both as a soluble and as a membrane-associated enzyme in higher plants. We show that membrane association can vary in vivo in response to gravistimulation, apparently involving SuSy dephosphorylation, and is a reversible process in vitro. Phosphorylation of SuSy has little effect on its activity but decreases its surface hydrophobicity as reported with the fluorescent probe bis-ANS. We postulate that phosphorylation of SuSy (and perhaps other membrane proteins) is involved in the release of the membrane-bound enzyme in part as a result of decreased surface hydrophobicity.
Double-layer-relevant laboratory results

Many double-layer-relevant laboratory experiments have been carried out at the University of Wisconsin. Laboratory stair-step double layers, which resemble three or more weak double layers joined in series, have been produced without ionization. Double-layer floating potential fluctuations have been investigated and progress has been made in developing a novel technique for measuring electron energy distribution functions in low-density double layers (i.e. lambda /sub D/>>probe dimensions). A new inductive plasma source has been developed. With this source, magnetized double layers can be routinely produced. These magnetized double layers are often weak stair-step double layers that are oblique to the magnetic field. Laboratory data of emitting probe characteristics taken in tenuous plasmas have helped to quantify space-charge-enhanced plasma gradient induced error in double-layer electric field measurements made by satellite double probes. Also, magnetic sheaths have been experimentally studied and compared with theory. >
Time-Series Analysis of Supergranule Characteristics at Solar Minimum

Sixty days of Doppler images from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) / Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) investigation during the 1996 and 2008 solar minima have been analyzed to show that certain supergranule characteristics (size, size range, and horizontal velocity) exhibit fluctuations of three to five days. Cross-correlating parameters showed a good, positive correlation between supergranulation size and size range, and a moderate, negative correlation between size range and velocity. The size and velocity do exhibit a moderate, negative correlation, but with a small time lag (less than 12 hours). Supergranule sizes during five days of co-temporal data from MDI and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) / Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) exhibit similar fluctuations with a high level of correlation between them. This verifies the solar origin of the fluctuations, which cannot be caused by instrumental artifacts according to these observations. Similar fluctuations are also observed in data simulations that model the evolution of the MDI Doppler pattern over a 60-day period. Correlations between the supergranule size and size range time-series derived from the simulated data are similar to those seen in MDI data. A simple toy-model using cumulative, uncorrelated exponential growth and decay patterns at random emergence times produces a time-series similar to the data simulations. The qualitative similarities between the simulated and the observed time-series suggest that the fluctuations arise from stochastic processes occurring within the solar convection zone. This behavior, propagating to surface manifestations of supergranulation, may assist our understanding of magnetic-field-line advection, evolution, and interaction.
Magadiite templated high surface area graphene -type carbons from metal-halide based ionic liquids

Dispersible graphene-type carbon powders were prepared with metal halide-ionic liquids as the carbon source and Magadiite, a layered sodium silicate, as the template. The metal halide has a major impact on the graphene yield, ordering of the carbon lattice, and adsorption properties.
Ca2+ dependence of the binomial parameters p and n at the mouse neuromuscular junction.

The Ca2+ dependence of synaptic quantal release is generally thought to be restricted to probability of vesicular release. However, some studies have suggested that the number of release sites (n) ...
DIRECT-TO-CONSUMER ADVERTISING AND CONSUMER PRESCRIPTION PRICES

Virtually all published empirical research regarding direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) has focused on the communicational aspects of the advertising message. At the same time, and without direct evidence, debate has continued regarding the potential effects of DTCA on consumer prices.The present study is intended to provide insight into part of this debate, and to contribute information which may help in weighing the costs and benefits of DTCA. This study will briefly describe what is called the “dual-stage” theory and its application in other product categories. Discussion will address the potential for relatively lower consumer prices of advertised brands as a result of manufacturers' consumer-directed promotions.
Intense Implementation of a Strict Insulin Infusion Protocol Does Not Guarantee Postoperative Glycemic Control

Background The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) has benchmarked 6:00 AM blood sugars on postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 2 at Study Design All postoperative cardiac surgery patients for 12 consecutive months on the IIP were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included patients who were SCIP compliant (n = 98), and group 2 were patients who were not SCIP compliant (n = 10). For each patient, we determined average blood sugar, duration of hyperglycemia (percent of time with blood sugar >200mg/dL), and intensity of implementation of the IIP, defined as (number of blood sugar checks/hours on IIP), with 0.5 = minimum intensity of implementation dictated by the IIP, ie, an insulin adjustment every 2 hours. Results The average blood sugar for each of the 110 patients was no different than the SCIP 6:00 AM blood sugar: 146 versus 154 mg/dL, p=0.18. SCIP noncompliance correlated with more intense implementation of the IIP, 0.72 ± 0.03 versus 0.83 ± 0.06 blood sugar checks/hour. Conclusions The SCIP 6:00 AM blood sugar metric does correlate with average blood sugar on POD 1. Compliance with SCIP 6:00 AM blood sugar measurement is a valid surrogate for GC, though duration of hyperglycemia was still 14% in the compliant group. Use of an IIP does not guarantee GC, despite increased intensity of its application. Even intense use of an IIP may be ineffective when it fails to account for patient risk factors for hyperglycemia.
Native 3D structure of eukaryotic 80s ribosome: morphological homology with E. coli 70S ribosome.

A three-dimensional reconstruction of the eukaryotic 80S monosome from a frozen-hydrated electron microscopic preparation reveals the native structure of this macromolecular complex. The new structure, at 38A resolution, shows a marked resemblance to the structure determined for the E. coli 70S ribosome (Frank, J., A. Verschoor, Y. Li, J. Zhu, R.K. Lata, M. Radermacher, P. Penczek, R. Grassucci, R.K. Agrawal, and Srivastava. 1996b. In press; Frank, J., J. Zhu, P. Penczek, Y. Li, S. Srivastava ., A. Verschoor, M. Radermacher, R. Grassucci, R.K. Lata, and R. Agrawal. 1995. Nature (Lond.).376:441-444.) limited to a comparable resolution, but with a number of eukaryotic elaborations superimposed. Although considerably greater size and intricacy of the features is seen in the morphology of the large subunit (60S vs 50S), the most striking differences are in the small subunit morphology (40S vs 30S): the extended beak and crest features of the head, the back lobes, and the feet. However, the structure underlying these extra features appears to be remarkably similar in form to the 30S portion of the 70S structure. The intersubunit space also appears to be strongly conserved, as might be expected from the degree of functional conservation of the ribosome among kingdoms (Eukarya, Eubacteria, and Archaea). The internal organization of the 80S structure appears as an armature or core of high-density material for each subunit, with the two cores linked by a single bridge between the platform region of the 40S subunit and the region below the presumed peptidyltransferase center of the 60S subunit. This may be equated with a close contact of the 18S and 28S rRNAs in the translational domain centered on the upper subunit:subunit interface.
Optimization of on-site renewable energy generation for industrial sites

We consider the energy sourcing decision problem faced by industrial power consumers who must determine their long-term electricity procurement plan and need to evaluate various options to meet load requirements for their facilities including those which may involve on-site renewable generation. Other than sourcing from on-site renewable generation such as solar photovoltaic or wind, power can be purchased from spot markets or through a power purchase agreement, i.e. energy supply contract. We develop a mixed-integer linear model to make decisions that include investments in renewable generation, power purchases from spot markets, and amount sourced from supply contracts. Taking into account renewable energy certificates, the model's objective is to maximize revenue from trading renewable certificates minus the expected total costs of investing and operating on-site renewable generation, and purchasing from electricity markets. Real load data from manufacturing plants are used to illustrate a numerical case study for our model.
Solving for the parameters of a beta distribution under two quantile constraints

It will be shown that a solution exists for the parameters of a beta distribution given any combination of a lower quantile and upper quantile constraint. A numerical procedure is developed to solve for the parameters of the beta distribution given these quantile constraints. Example solutions are provided.
Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Upper Cretaceous rocks in coastal southwest Oregon: Evidence for wrench-fault tectonics in a postulated accretionary terrane

Southwest Oregon is a region of complex juxtaposition of tectonostratigraphic terranes. In southwest Oregon, three Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-?Maastrichtian) formations occur in fault and depositional contact with the Upper Jurassic Otter Point complex, an oceanic assemblage. These four units occur only west of high-angle, north-northwest-trending faults, and they make up a terrane (Gold Beach terrane) unlike any terrane east of these faults. The patterns of sedimentation and the stratigraphic relationships of the three Upper Cretaceous formations indicate that they were deposited in a tectonically active setting influenced by vertical tectonics. Source areas for clasts in the Cretaceous conglomerates cannot be found in the adjacent Klamath Mountains or other nearby terranes. We postulate that they were deposited in a borderland-type basin with a sediment source at least as far south as southern California. They were translated north during latest Cretaceous to early Paleogene time and were then accreted to the Oregon margin.
Selective MR imaging approach for evaluation of patients with Horner's syndrome.

PURPOSE To assess the usefulness of MR in the evaluation of patients with Horner9s syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively performed MR imaging in 33 patients with Horner9s syndrome (13 preganglionic and 20 postganglionic) using a protocol specifically designed for pre- and postganglionic varieties of this syndrome. Assignment of patients to pre- or postganglionic categories was performed on the basis of pharmacologic testing. RESULTS Abnormalities in one-half of the patients with preganglionic Horner9s syndrome included lateral medullary infarct, spinal cord/root disease, apical lung tumor, and paravertebral metastatic mass. Three of 20 patients with postganglionic Horner9s syndrome had carotid artery dissection. CONCLUSION Routine scanning of patients who have postganglionic Horner9s syndrome with cluster headaches was not helpful in our small series.
Evaluation of Cirrus Cloud Properties Derived from MODIS Data Using Cloud Properties Derived from Ground-Based Observations Collected at the ARM SGP Site

Abstract The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra satellite has been collecting global data since March 2000 and the one on the Aqua satellite since June 2002. In this paper, cirrus cloud properties derived from ground-based remote sensing data are compared with similar cloud properties derived from MODIS data on Terra. To improve the space–time correlation between the satellite and ground-based observations, data from a wind profiler are used to define the cloud advective streamline along which the comparisons are made. In this paper, approximately two dozen cases of cirrus are examined and a statistical approach to the comparison that relaxes the requirement that clouds occur over the ground-based instruments during the overpass instant is explored. The statistical comparison includes 168 cloudy MODIS overpasses of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) region and approximately 300 h of ground-based cirrus observations. The physical and radiative properties of cloud lay...
Vitamin D, Depression and Coping Self-Efficacy in Young Women: Longitudinal Study

Depression is a significant health issue in young women with few assessment strategies for early detection. It has been suggested that self-efficacy and vitamin D levels can predict and prevent depression. The authors examined the relationship between vitamin D levels, coping self-efficacy and depression in 77 college age women over three seasons. The results of the repeated measures analysis showed that a strong, inverse relationship existed between self-efficacy and depression but not vitamin D levels. These findings were consistent across the three data collection points. The results implied that strengthening perceived coping self-efficacy may be useful in order to maintain the mental health of young college age women.
Macular lymphocytic arteritis: a unique benign cutaneous arteritis, mediated by lymphocytes and appearing as macules

Background: Macular arteritis (MA) is a term coined for a cutaneous vasculitis that manifests as multiple macules that favor the lower extremities and that reveal lymphocytic inflammation of an artery in the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat. Methods: We describe the demographic, clinical, histologic, and laboratory findings in three new cases and review seven previously reported cases of MA, and discuss the nosology of MA. Results: MA affects predominantly females (70% or 7/10) and individuals of African-American race (50%). Eight patients had hyperpigmented patches, one had hypopigmented macules, and one had erythematous macules. The lower extremities were involved in 100% of cases, followed by the upper extremities (44%). Light microscopic changes are those of a medium-vessel lymphocytic arteritis. Investigations for possible causes are non-revealing. Conclusion: We conclude that MA is a primary idiopathic cutaneous lymphocytic arteritis that is limited to the skin.
Leaf litter decomposition and microarthropod abundance along an altitudinal gradient

Mass loss rates of three types of leaf litter were measured along an altitudinal gradient at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Macon County, North Carolina. Litterbags containing air dried litter from Quercus prinus L., Lirio- dendron tulipifera L., and Rhododendron maximum L. were placed in five plots along the gradient and sampled monthly. Microarthropods were extracted and sorted, and litter was weighed to determine mass loss. Decomposition rate constants were calculated for all litter types at each sample point along the gradient. Microarthropod abundance was also examined for all litter types across the gradient; the possible relationships of climatic factors to decomposition rates and microarthropod abundance were explored.
On the handling of atomic anisotropic displacement parameters

A number of conventions for the parameterization of atomic anisotropic displacements are used in the literature and in crystallographic programs. Here we summarize the commonly used conventions, with a special emphasis on their application in macromolecular crystallography. We then describe a new software toolbox for the handling of the various parameterizations of atomic anisotropic displacements and their interconversion. All algorithms are integrated into the freely available Computational Crystallography Toolbox.
Ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis: from bedside to bench.

See related article, pages 1470–1475. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) infusion is the fastest and easiest way to initiate reperfusion therapy in acute stroke. However, poor recovery can still be expected in up to 50% of patients, likely as a result of the initial severity of ischemic insult and slow and incomplete thrombolysis.1,2 Clinical improvement and functional independence after stroke usually occur after arterial recanalization.3–6 A recent meta-analysis showed that recanalization is associated with a 4- to 5-fold increase in the odds of a good final functional outcome and a 4- to 5-fold reduction in the odds of death.7 These results lend strong support to the hypothesis that recanalization is the mechanism of how systemic tPA increases the likelihood of recovery from stroke and the use of recanalization as a surrogate end point in phase II trials of reperfusion agents in acute ischemic stroke. Over the past 30 years, in vitro and animal studies have provided evidence that thrombolysis with tPA can be enhanced with ultrasound. Although the mechanisms are still not fully understood, it is known that ultrasound accelerates enzymatic fibrinolysis primarily through nonthermal mechanisms by increasing transport of drug molecules into the clot.8,9 Mechanical effects of ultrasound radiation forces have the ability to influence drug transport. In addition, ultrasound can promote the motion of fluid through and around the …
Maximum transition run codes for generalized partial response channels

A new twins constraint for maximum transition run (MTR) codes is introduced to eliminate quasi-catastrophic error propagation in sequence detectors for generalized partial response channels with spectral nulls both at dc and at the Nyquist frequency. Two variants of the twins constraint that depend on whether the generalized partial response detector trellis is unconstrained or j-constrained are studied. Deterministic finite-state transition diagrams that present the twins constraint are specified, and the capacity of the new class of MTR constraints is computed. The connection between (G,I) constraints and MTR(j) constraints is clarified. Code design methodologies that are based on look-ahead coding in combination with violation detection/substitution as well as on state splitting are used to obtain several specific constructions of high-rate MTR codes.
100 years running: The need to understand why employee physical activity benefits organizations

Summary Employee physical activity initiatives are commonplace, but management scholarship has not kept pace with theoretical and empirical work to validate such initiatives. In this Incubator, we clarify the employee physical activity construct, present mechanisms linking physical activity to organizationally valued outcomes, and consider the dark side of employee physical activity initiatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supplementation of laying-hen feed with annatto tocotrienols and impact of alpha-tocopherol on tocotrienol transfer to egg yolk and tocopherol and annatto tocotrienol distribution analysis in laying-hen body

vi CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Egg Nutrition 1 Rational for Nutrient Enrichment 2 Rational for Distribution Determination 5 Thesis Organization 5 References 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 Vitamin E: Tocopherols and Tocotrienols 9 Absorption and Transport Vitamin E 12 Annatto Tocotrienols 14 Cholesterol Lowering 15 Cholesterol Quantification 18 Egg Formation 19 References 22 CHAPTER 3: SUPPLEMENTATION OF LAYING-HEN FEED WITH ANNATTO TOCOTRIENOLS AND IMPACT OF α-TOCOPHEROL ON TOCOTRIENOL TRANSFER TO EGG YOLK 27 Abstract 28 Introduction 29 Materials and Methods 30 Results and Discussion 36 Conclusions 46 References 48 Tables and Figures 5428 Introduction 29 Materials and Methods 30 Results and Discussion 36 Conclusions 46 References 48 Tables and Figures 54
Experiencing Diversity — Encouraging Cultural Competency in Medical Training

This manuscript illustrates the importance of medical school curriculum changes that include hands-on care to culturally diverse populations as critical to increase the cultural competency of medical students. For this paper, the Navajo people of New Mexico will be specifically highlighted. An introduction to the problem is presented; the demographic of the medical center is provided; and the Navajo Reservation and the physical environment are described. The traditions, beliefs, ceremonies, and culture of the Navajo people are also illustrated. As medical students transition into a world unfamiliar to them, specific student experiences are shared covering their clinical experiences, how they were introduced to the Navajo peoples’ beliefs regarding health care and beyond, and their realization of the commonalities of people who establish trust regardless of cultural differences.
Optimizing fluid resuscitation in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Abstract Background Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is the most common diagnosis requiring surgery in infants. Electrolytes are used as a marker of resuscitation for these patients prior to general anesthesia induction. Often multiple fluid boluses and electrolyte panels are needed, delaying operative intervention. We have attempted to predict the amount of IV fluid boluses needed for electrolyte correction based on initial values. Methods A single center retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with HPS from 2008 through 2014 was performed. Abnormal electrolytes were defined as chloride 5.2 or Results During the study period 542 patients were identified with HPS. Of the 505 who were analyzed 202 patients had electrolyte abnormalities requiring IV fluid resuscitation above maintenance, and 303 patients had normal electrolytes at time of diagnosis. Weight on presentation was significantly lower in the patients with abnormal electrolytes (3.8 vs 4.1kg, p Chloride was the most sensitive and specific indicator of the need for multiple saline boluses. Using an ROC curve, parameters of initial Cl − 80mmol/L and the need for 3 or more boluses AUC was 0.71. Modifying the parameters to initial Cl − ≤97mmol/L and 2 boluses AUC was 0.65. A patient with an initial Cl − 85 will need three 20ml/kg boluses 73% (95% CI 52–88%) of the time. A patient with an initial Cl − ≤97 will need two 20ml/kg boluses at a rate of 73% (95% CI 64–80%). Conclusion Children with electrolyte abnormalities at time of diagnosis of HPS have a longer length of stay; require more fluid resuscitation and more lab draws. This study reveals high sensitivity and specificity of presenting chloride in determining the need for multiple boluses. We recommend the administration of two 20ml/kg saline boluses separated by an hour prior to rechecking labs in patients with initial Cl − value ≤97mmol/L. If the presenting Cl −
THE EVOLUTION OF CARBON ALLOCATION TO PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES: A GENETIC ANALYSIS OF COST IN DIPLACUS AURANTIACUS.

Diplacus aurantiacus contains large amounts of a leaf phenolic resin, an important deterrent to a leaf-eating caterpillar, Euphydryas chalcedona. The resin can also retard water loss during drought. Furthermore, the leaf resin content differs among plants and populations. This study investigates the existence of heritable variation (h2 ) in resin production and tests for a genetic correlation (rG ) between carbon allocation to secondary metabolites and growth rate, as well as with three other vegetative traits. Nine dam and 10 sire plants were chosen randomly at a field site and used to generate 78 full-sib families (19 half-sib families) by crossing all males to all females in a factorial design. Heritability was estimated in two ways, and genetic correlations were estimated by three methods. We found: (1) the heritability of resin production estimated by the regression of offspring on sires was significantly greater than zero (hs2=0.32, P<0.01); (2) the maternal variance in resin content was significantly greater than zero (21.3% of total phenotypic variance); (3) significant negative genetic correlation between resin content and growth rate was observed from two of three methods and was consistent with the phenotypic correlation; and (4) the cost of resin could be assessed quantitatively. The genetic cost of 1 mg in resin is equivalent to 25 mg of dry shoot-biomass growth, but the phenotypic cost is only 2.1 mg. This study indicates that carbon allocation to these secondary metabolites may respond to natural selection, and the phenotypic cost of resin production has a genetic basis in D. aurantiacus. This trade-off suggests that once selection occurs, increased phenolic resin production may result in decreased growth, or vice versa.
Climate finance in the Asia-Pacific region: Trends and innovative approaches

Asia and the Pacific is one of the most disaster-prone regions and the possibility that climate change may exacerbate the frequency and severity of extreme weather events is a real threat to progress made towards achieving sustainable development. To secure sustainable development gains and build resilience in the region, there is an urgent need to undertake climate mitigation and adaptation action. Despite an estimated $391 billion in climate finance flows internationally in 2014, the gap between available climate finance and the financing required to limit global warming to two degrees Celsius and adapt to unavoidable impacts of climate change is growing. The present paper offers an overview of the climate finance landscape with a focus on the Asia-Pacific region, and of finance flows from international climate funds, multilateral development banks and subregional and national climate finance initiatives. The ultimate goal of the discussion is to provide policymakers in the region with an understanding of the state of climate finance and recommendations on approaches for mobilizing climate finance in the light of global efforts, regional trends and successful initiatives.
Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan,Sodium Alginate,Thymol and Their Compounds on Major Pathogenic Fungi in Post-harvest Zizphus jujube Mill cv.Lingwu changzao

Chitosan,sodium alginate,thymol and their compounds were adopted to study their inhibitory efficacy on major pathogenic fungi in post-harvest Lingwu changzao(Zizphus jujube Mill cv.Lingwu changzao),such as Rhizopus stolonifer,Penicillium crustosum,Alternaria alternate(Fr.) Keiss.and Trichoderma roseum(Pers.) The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was also tested.The results indicated that the three antimicrobial agents and their compounds had strong inhibitory effects on the four experimental fungi.The minimum inhibitory concentration on the four experimental fungi in descending order would be chitosan-thymol,sodium alginate-thymol,thymol,chitosan and sodium alginate.Therefore,the inhibitory efficacy of chitosan,sodium alginate in combination with thymol separately was significantly higher than that of them alone at the same effective concentration.