cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Letter: effectiveness of split‐dose certolizumab pegol for Crohn's disease

Several controlled clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy of certolizumab pegol (CZP) for Crohn’s Disease (CD). However, there are limited published data evaluating the effectiveness of CZP in clinical practice, with even less regarding the effectiveness of split-dose modification (200 mg every 2 weeks). We evaluated the efficacy of CZP split-dose modification in CD patients who experienced active symptoms despite a standard maintenance dose of CZP (400 mg once monthly). We conducted a retrospective chart review of CZP-treated CD patients seen in our Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic. Remission was defined as steroid-free with evidence of inactive disease on imaging or histology. Response was defined as any decrease in: Harvey-Bradshaw Index, patient symptoms or objective assessment of inflammation. Fifty-six patients (35 women, 63%; mean age when starting therapy, 36.3 years) were switched from standard dosing after a median time of 6 months (range, 2– 29). Twenty-six patients had active inflammatory disease and 30 fistulising disease. The majority had ileocolonic disease. Thirty-four patients had previously failed two anti-TNFs, 19 had failed one anti-TNF and 3 had no previous anti-TNF treatment. Sixteen patients (29%) achieved clinical remission, with a median time to remission from dose splitting of 8 months (range, 3–14). Another 27 patients (48%) had a response, but did not achieve remission, with a median time to response of 3 months following dose modification (range, 1–21). Clinical remission in a relatively refractory cohort was achieved in 29% of CD patients with split-dose modification after experiencing recurrent active symptoms. In addition, 48% of patients recaptured or gained clinical response with this dosing strategy. Although limited by small sample size, the strategy of initiating split dosing appears to be beneficial. Flexible dosing regimens rather than dose escalation per se warrant further investigation for patients with active CD.
The presence of Burkitt‐like cells in non‐Burkitt's neoplasms

In four cases, the morphology of neoplastic cells from the peripheral blood and bone marrow suggested the diagnosis of American Burkitt's lymphoma or acute lymphocytic leukemia (French--American--British--Classification; FAB-L3). Cytochemical and immunologic studies, however, indicated that the neoplastic cells in one case were characteristic of acute lymphocytic leukemia (non-B, non-T-cell type); in another case, metastatic carcinoma; and in two two cases acute myelomonocytic leukemia. We conclude that cytochemical and immunologic cell markers are necessary for the diagnosis of American Burkitt's lymphoma. In addition, neoplastic cells simulating lymphoblasts of acute lymphocytic leukemia, FAB-L3 may derive from non-B lymphocytic lineage.
P21 and p27: roles in carcinogenesis and drug resistance

Human cancers arise from an imbalance of cell growth and cell death. Key proteins that govern this balance are those that mediate the cell cycle. Several different molecular effectors have been identified that tightly regulate specific phases of the cell cycle, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and CDK inhibitors. Notably, loss of expression or function of two G1-checkpoint CDK inhibitors - p21 (CDKN1A) and p27 (CDKN1B) - has been implicated in the genesis or progression of many human malignancies. Additionally, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that functional loss of p21 or p27 can mediate a drug-resistance phenotype. However, reports in the literature have also suggested p21 and p27 can promote tumours, indicating a paradoxical effect. Here, we review historic and recent studies of these two CDK inhibitors, including their identification, function, importance to carcinogenesis and finally their roles in drug resistance.
Balancing Investment Incentives and Social Benefits when Protecting Plant Varieties

This paper examines the most recent (1991) UPOV modification of Plant Variety Protection systems to provide incentives for prebreeding. We conclude the system is unworkable as presently interpreted and, at a minimum, recommend that national bodies be established to manage minimum enhancements for initial variety status. A more fundamental limitation is the application of a single approach for improvements controlled by single or by multiple gene traits; a relatedness requirement is appropriate for the latter but not the former. We recommend different criteria be applied depending on the type(s) of innovation that characterizes a new variety. Absent that, the incentive structure applies pressure against the use of competitors' materials in a breeding program, which can delay breeding advances, while not providing significant incentives to encourage introduction of new traits through prebreeding.
Hydrothermal synthesis of oriented ETS-4 films on porous α-alumina substrates

Abstract Preparation of ETS-4 films on porous α-alumina substrates was investigated using gel-forming synthesis mixtures (3.6SiO2:1TiO2:5.5Na2O:xH2SO4:230.2H2O, x = 4.4 or x = 3.6). The procedure involved two steps: direct in situ hydrothermal crystallization of seed layers, followed by their secondary growth. ETS-4 seed layers (thickness ∼ 3.0–4.0 μm) were obtained using gels with x = 4.4 when the autoclaves were rotated (72 RPM). The seed layers consisted of submicron plate-like crystals and were partially b-out-of-plane oriented. Films, obtained in the second step under static synthesis conditions, had a columnar microstructure and were highly (x = 4.4) or less preferentially (x = 3.6) oriented (b-out-of-plane). This orientation is desirable for many applications of ETS-4 films. The observable dimensions of crystals in films increased more than twice from these in seed layers. Film thickness increased up to ∼10.0–11.0 μm. Incorporation of new crystals into the film was not detected. Thus, these films were obtained by direct, evolutionary growth of seed crystals. Secondary growth conditions that effectively decouple nucleation from growth of seeds, and provide the highest growth rate along the b-direction, were established for ETS-4.
The evans-vigier field,B (3): Derivation of the de Broglie matter-wave equation from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation

The emergence of the Evans-Vigier fieldB (3) of vacuum electromagnetism has been accompanied by a novel charge quantization condition inferred from 0(3) gauge theory. This finding is used to derive the de Broglie matter-wave equation from the classical Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation of one electron in the electromagnetic field. The HJ equation is used with the charge quantization condition to show that, in a perfectly elastic photon-electron interaction, complete transfer of angular momentum occurs self-consistently, and the electron acquires the angular momentum ℏ of the photon. In this limit the electron travels infinitesimally near the speed of light, and its concomitant electromagnetic fields become indistinguishable from those of the uncharged photon. This result independently proves the validity of the charge quantization condition and demonstrates unequivocally the existence of the vacuum fieldB (3).
You are what you eat, but what about your DNA?

Human and animal studies have demonstrated that the prenatal environment affects adult health and disease. Epidemiological studies have shown that gestational exposure to maternal starvation or overnutrition of the paternal grandfather is linked to increased risks for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes ( 1 , 2 ). In both cases, adverse metabolic health outcomes can be transmitted multigenerationally. As well, pregnant rats fed low-protein diets produced two sequential generations of offspring that became diabetic as adults ( 3 ). Nevertheless, despite considerable research efforts elaborating the phenotypic consequences of in utero insults to adult offspring and to their progeny, the mechanisms mediating multigenerational effects are unclear. On page [1255903][1] of this issue, Radford et al. ( 4 ) undertook an in-depth, genome-wide approach using a mouse model of undernutrition. This model has been linked to low birth weight, glucose intolerance, and reduced pancreatic function in two subsequent generations ( 5 ). Radford et al. not only provide convincing mechanistic insights about the transmission of phenotypes to later generations, their findings also suggest a path forward for pursuing these types of detailed studies. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6198/1255903.full
Dietary ethanol and cholesterol in Macaca nemestrina serum lipid and hepatic changes.

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the effects of alcohol ingestion on liver integrity in nonhuman primates consuming a fat-rich diet typical of North American humans. Nineteen young adult male Macaca nemestrina were studied for 18 months. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used such that two groups received a liquid diet with ethanol as 36% of calories and two groups received an elevated dietary cholesterol level of 1.0 mg/kcal. Intereactions between the effects of ethanol and cholesterol were determined. Significant effects of ethanol were found, with the most pronounced of these including increased serum and liver triglyceride concentrations. Dietary cholesterol induced significant increases in serum cholesterol and liver cholesterol concentrations. Significant interactions between ethanol and cholesterol were found in the elevation of liver triglyceride, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Ethanol-fed animals developed fatty livers with giant mitochondria but not alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Hepatic lipidosis and megamitochondria were apparent after 6 months, and progression in their severity from 6 to 18 months was minimal. Massive hepatic fat accumulation during 18 months of alcohol ingestion with fat-rich diets was not sufficient to cause further hepatic degeneration in these primates.
Conceptual Metaphors and Figurative Language Interpretation: Food for Thought?

Abstract How do people interpret metaphors such as The lecture was a three-course meal? Lakoff (1993) has proposed that figurative expressions are interpreted as instantiations of deep conceptual metaphors, such as IDEAS ARE FOOD. In contrast, Glucksberg (1991) has proposed that metaphors are interpreted as assertions of the topic's (e.g., lecture ) membership in an attributive category exemplified by the vehicle (e.g., three-course meal ). Four experiments that test the predictions of the two views are reported. The results suggest that reference to a conceptual metaphor is not the modal strategy that people use when paraphrasing metaphors (Experiments 1 and 2), rating the similarity between metaphors (Experiment 3), or retrieving metaphors from memory (Experiment 4). In each of these situations, participants relied primarily on the stereotypical properties of the vehicle concept. The results from these experiments are consistent with Glucksberg's (1991) attributive categorization proposal.
Benefits of religious beliefs for cancer patients: a response to Dawkins and Hitchens.

Two brilliantly written and perhaps surprisingly popular books, The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins and God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything by Christopher Hitchens, discuss in great detail the potential dangers associated with organized religions and religious beliefs [1,2]. Both writers have unquestionably—and quite eloquently— expressed a coherent perspective on the role of religion in the daily life of individuals and its disconcerting impact on both history and our current geopolitical environment. In their respective books, these authors forcefully discuss how many individuals—including, apparently, themselves— lack a fundamental requirement for a belief in God in the face of serious health concerns, such as advanced and progressive malignant disease. Unfortunately, however, both authors either fail to appreciate, or have chosen not to acknowledge, the extraordinary importance that a very “personal God” may play in the lives of many individuals forced to deal with these profoundly life-changing situations. In a brief section of his book (page 352) entitled “Consolation,” Professor Dawkins writes [1]:
An examination of biracial college youths' family ethnic socialization, ethnic identity, and adjustment: Do self-identification labels and university context matter?

This study examined family ethnic socialization, ethnic identity, and adjustment among Latino/White and Asian/White biracial college students (n = 507), with special attention to how ethnic self-identification and university ethnic composition informed the ethnic identity process. Findings indicated that family ethnic socialization was positively related to participants' ethnic identity exploration and resolution, but not ethnic identity affirmation. Furthermore, ethnic identity resolution and affirmation were associated with higher self-acceptance and self-esteem, and lower depressive symptoms. Importantly, university ethnic composition moderated the association between ethnic identity resolution and anxiety, such that resolution promoted adjustment in contexts that were relatively more ethnically diverse. University ethnic composition also moderated the association between ethnic identity affirmation and both self-esteem and self-acceptance, such that affirmation was associated with better adjustment but only in schools that were less ethnically diverse.
The white supremacy continuum of images for black men

INTRODUCTION In the now famous words of Rodney King, "Can we all just get along," resides one of the tragedies of race relations in the U.S. For all of us to "get along," as Mr. King asks, suggests that we all share a perception of one another that promotes community or the ability to get along with others. It was the perception of the Los Angeles police officers that judged King to be a hardened criminal which resulted in him being brutal ly beaten. It also suggests that we all have a vested interest in pursuing efforts that would increase the chances of us all "gett ing along." This article will seek to illustrate how the social construction of certain images for black men and the continual reproduction of these images in various forms within the media fosters attitudes and behaviors that prohibit healthy social and race relations, thus preventing racially harmonious communities. The image-making machine in the U.S., the mass media (TV, print, and cinema), has historically functioned and currently operates to maintain a system of white supremacy "[ t ]hrough a repetitive display of cultural norms and values which eventually become seen as simple 'truths'" (Ross, 1996, xix). The research involving
Cellulitis Caused by Legionella pneumophila

A patient with lymphoma presented with pneumonia. While receiving antibiotics, he developed a rapidly spreading cellulitis. The soft tissues were debrided in the operating room, and pathological examination showed fat necrosis and a fibrinopurulent exudate in the fibroadipose tissue; direct immunofluorescence of the debrided tissue revealed the presence of Legionella pneumophila. Culture of the specimen obtained during the operation yielded L. pneumophila. To our knowledge, this represents the first case report of cellulitis due to L. pneumophila.
Halftoning by multiscale dot distribution

We propose a new halftoning approach that ensures the average graylevels in a grayscale image to be equal to that of a halftone over corresponding local neighborhoods, where the neighborhoods are taken with respect to a quad-tree structure. The halftoning algorithm first determines the total number of black and white dots in the entire halftone using a global mean requirement. It then distributes the dots to various local neighborhoods of the halftone using a multiscale dot distribution technique over the nodes of a quad-tree. We show that such a halftoning method produces high quality halftones particularly in the rendering of details.
Active skepticism: beyond the IOM's CTSA report.

> Let us accept the truth … We need a stern, iconoclastic spirit which leads to an active skepticism—not the passive skepticism, born of despair, but the active skepticism born of a knowledge that recognizes its limitations. Only in this attitude of mind can true progress be made. > > –Dr.
The I mpact of Teachers and Schools on Educational Achievement

This paper examines which major educational factors have a significant effect on standardized test scores as an objective measure of educational outcomes. The empirical model includes individual student, school, and teacher factors that can impact the quality of a student’s education. For the purposes of this paper, individual factors will be controlled for (e.g. living environment, socioeconomic status) and focus will be directed towards how teachers and schools themselves impact the quality of education. Since teachers and schools can mold themselves in the light of policies and new research, this paper will show what factors that teacher and schools have control over are beneficial to students. Quality of education will be measured through objective standardized test scores for reading, math, science, and history subjects as well as an average of the four subjects. This research can even be compelling even if certain factors have a significant positive impact on one or two subjects instead of all four of them thus sparking research into why these differences exist. This paper hypothesizes that the characteristics that are associated with teachers and the schools will have a significant impact on a student’s standardized test scores while controlling for individual characteristics. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol19/iss1/14
Piracy in Somalia: Interbehavioral Assessment and Intervention

Maritime piracy off the coast of Somalia has been thrust into the international spotlight due to its effects on international financial markets and, hence, the livelihood of many individuals around the world. Furthermore, the history of Somalia itself is one of continuous failed attempts at establishing stability in the country. While the recent piracy literature offers suggestions for intervention, they are in need of further elaboration and specification. Given these factors, the author provides an analysis of this pressing issue from a behavior analytic perspective. The issue of how and why a science of individual behavior is relevant to cultural issues will be addressed utilizing Kantor’s interbehavioral system of cultural psychology, which precisely delineates the subject-matters of psychology from other sciences. As such, two specific interdisciplinary assess-ment-and-intervention plans are outlined that are fully integrated with recent behavior analytic research; one plan involves consultation with maritime academies while the other requires behavior analysts to immerse themselves in Somali culture. An explicitly scientific approach may be what is needed to combat maritime piracy in Somalia.
Fractal Structure of Stylolites

ABSTRACT The recognition of fractal structure in stratigraphic systems is becoming increasingly widespread. Within the plethora of scale-invariant sedimentary structures, stylolites are one of the most visually suggestive of fractal form. Traces of stylolites, viewed in vertical section, have been studied by standard Fourier spectral analysis and are found to possess spectra typical of 1/f fractional noises. The power distribution is significantly shifted towards the low-frequency end of the spectrum. This red-shifted spectrum is best modeled as a persistent fractional noise. Such noise spectra are those where successive positions along the data series, in this case the trace of the stylolite, are strongly positively correlated. Therefore, stylolites are readily modeled as strongly persistent Brownian trails. Regression of the noise spectrum shows the fractal dimension of the stylolite trace to be 1.346.
Audio steganography using bit modification

A method of embedding a covert audio message in a cover utterance for secure communication is presented. The covert message is represented in a compressed form with possibly encryption and/or encoding for added security. One bit in each of the samples of a given cover utterance is altered in accordance with the data bits and a key. The same key is used to retrieve the embedded bits at the receiver. The results, based on cover signals from a clean TIMIT utterance and a noisy aircraft cockpit utterance, show that the technique meets several major criteria for successful covert communication.
Increased expression and local accumulation of the Prion Protein, Alzheimer Aβ peptides, superoxide dismutase 1, and Nitric oxide synthases 1 & 2 in muscle in a rabbit model of diabetes

Muscle disease associated with different etiologies has been shown to produce localized accumulations of amyloid and oxidative stress-related proteins that are more commonly associated with neurodegeneration in the brain. In this study we examined changes in muscle tissue in a classic model of diabetes and hyperglycemia in rabbits to determine if similar dysregulation of Alzheimer Aβ peptides, the prion protein (PrP), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), as well as nitric oxide synthases is produced in muscle in diabetic animals. This wild-type rabbit model includes systemic physiological expression of human-like Alzheimer precursor proteins and Aβ peptides that are considered key in Alzheimer protein studies. Diabetes was produced in rabbits by injection of the toxic glucose analogue alloxan, which selectively enters pancreatic beta cells and irreversibly decreases insulin production, similar to streptozotocin. Quadriceps muscle from rabbits 16 wks after onset of diabetes and hyperglycemia were analyzed with biochemical and in situ methods. Immunoblots of whole muscle protein samples demonstrated increased PrP, SOD1, as well as neuronal and inducible Nitric oxide synthases (NOS1 and NOS2) in diabetic muscle. In contrast, we detected little change in Alzheimer Aβ precursor protein expression, or BACE1 and Presenilin 1 levels. However, Aβ peptides measured by ELISA increased several fold in diabetic muscle, suggesting a key role for Aβ cleavage in muscle similar to Alzheimer neurodegeneration in this diabetes model. Histological changes in diabetic muscle included localized accumulations of PrP, Aβ, NOS1 and 2, and SOD1, and evidence of increased central nuclei and cell infiltration. The present study provides evidence that several classic amyloid and oxidative stress-related disease proteins coordinately increase in overall expression and form localized accumulations in diabetic muscle. The present study highlights the capacity of this wild-type animal model to produce an array of hallmark pathological features that have also been described in other muscle diseases.
CZLoD: A psychophysical approach for 3D tele-immersive video

This article presents a psychophysical study that measures the perceptual thresholds of a new factor called Color-plus-Depth Level-of-Details (CZLoD) peculiar to polygon-based 3D tele-immersive video. The results demonstrate the existence of Just Noticeable Degradation and Just Unacceptable Degradation thresholds on the factor. In light of the results, we design and implement a real-time perception-based quality adaptor for 3D tele-immersive video. Our experimental results show that the adaptation scheme can reduce resource usage (e.g., CPU cycles) while considerably enhancing the overall perceived visual quality. Our analysis confirms the potential temporal and spatial performance benefits achievable with CZLoD adaptation.
A low-IF WiMAX RF transceiver in 0.18μm CMOS technology

This paper describes a dual band low-IF transceiver front-end for the Mobile WiMAX (802.16e) standard. The transceiver is implemented in TSMC 0.18 mum CMOS technology and covers the frequency ranges from 2.3 - 2.7 GHz. The front end transmitter provides an output gain control of 50 dB with an EVM below 3%, where as the receiver achieves gain of 37 dB and a noise figure of 3.7 dB. The components included in the system are low noise amplifier, Active and passive mixers, voltage controlled oscillator and Class- A power Amplifier.
Review of government technology transfer in Vietnam

Vietnam is a developing country which is in a transition from a centrally planned economy to free market economy. The country has embarked a reform process two decades ago to make a transformation from a rigid administrative bureaucracy to an adaptive management system that can cope up with the movements in today's society. Technology and Science is acknowledged by the government as a critical driver of the economic development of the country in the 21st century. However the country's administration of science and technology activities is still struggling in a mix of legacy inertia and reform efforts. Much efforts and time are needed before an effective national innovation system can be put into work. This paper aims to address the problem of effective transfer of research results from the government R&D agencies to industry in Vietnam. It will first review the process of legal development and the restructuring of the national science and technology system in the country since late 1980s. Then the technology transfer process from the state R&D agencies to industry will be examined and followed by the issues and challenges of the current system. The paper is concluded with some comments and recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the government technology transfer to industry in the country.
Hierarchical Data-Driven Descent for Efficient Optimal Deformation Estimation

Real-world surfaces such as clothing, water and human body deform in complex ways. The image distortions observed are high-dimensional and non-linear, making it hard to estimate these deformations accurately. The recent data-driven descent approach applies Nearest Neighbor estimators iteratively on a particular distribution of training samples to obtain a globally optimal and dense deformation field between a template and a distorted image. In this work, we develop a hierarchical structure for the Nearest Neighbor estimators, each of which can have only a local image support. We demonstrate in both theory and practice that this algorithm has several advantages over the non-hierarchical version: it guarantees global optimality with significantly fewer training samples, is several orders faster, provides a metric to decide whether a given image is ``hard'' (or ``easy'') requiring more (or less) samples, and can handle more complex scenes that include both global motion and local deformation. The proposed algorithm successfully tracks a broad range of non-rigid scenes including water, clothing, and medical images, and compares favorably against several other deformation estimation and tracking approaches that do not provide optimality guarantees.
Molecular cloning of Brevundimonas diminuta for efficacy assessment of reverse osmosis devices

Brevundimonas diminuta is the test organism specified in the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) reverse osmosis (RO) treatment device verification protocol. As non-selective growth medium is employed, enumeration of B. diminuta may be impaired due to interference by indigenous heterotrophic bacteria. Thus the microbial removal capability of the filtration system may be incorrectly assessed. As these treatment devices are used in emergency situations, the health of the public could be compromised. The objective of this study was to develop selective approaches for enumerating viable B. diminuta in test water. Two molecular approaches were investigated: expression of a kanamycin resistance gene and expression of a fluorescent protein gene. The USEPA protocol specifies a 0.3 μm cell size, so the expression of the selective markers were assessed following growth on media designed to induce this small cell diameter. The kan(R) strain was demonstrated to be equivalent to the wild type in cell dimension and survival following exposure to the test water. The kan(R) strain showed equivalent performance to the wild type in the RO protocol indicating that it is a viable alternative surrogate. By utilizing this strain, a more accurate validation of the RO system can be achieved.
Influence of growth phase on the susceptibility of Candida albicans to butoconazole, oxiconazole, and sulconazole

Three topical antifungal imidazoles were examined for fungicidal potential. At 8 X 10(-5) M, butoconazole, oxiconazole, and sulconazole were strictly fungistatic against early stationary phase Candida albicans cells diluted into fresh medium. With early logarithmic phase organisms, oxiconazole again was fungistatic, but sulconazole and butoconazole were highly lethal at only 2 X 10(-5) M.
Exploring mobile devices as Grid resources: Using an x86 virtual machine to run BOINC on an iPhone

The increasing power and number of mobile devices makes them an attractive target for grid computing. To date, most research related to mobile devices and grid computing is focused on the access and use of grid resources. In this paper we propose the use of mobile devices themselves as grid computing nodes. We demonstrate the feasibility of this concept by implementing the BOINC client on an Apple iPhone. Work units are downloaded from a BOINC server and executed on the iPhone via a virtual machine emulating an x86 processor, and results are uploaded to the server. The world of mobile devices brings renewed challenges to the problem of grid client design in the areas of network bandwidth, processor capability, storage, and energy consumption. Using our prototype, we conduct initial studies evaluating performance, energy efficiency, and bandwidth on a cellular device against a more traditional grid computing node.
Determining the number of classes for segmentation in SAR sea ice imagery

In this paper, we describe a segmentation technique for SAR sea ice imagery that determines the number of classes in the image without a priori knowledge of the characteristics of the image. Image segmentation is important to sea ice research such as classification, and floe and lead analyses. In SAR sea ice imagery, however, backscatter characteristics vary for different seasons, temperatures, wind activity, and geographical locations, etc. As a result, image processing techniques that pre-determine the number of classes could generate segmentation that contains erroneous merging of classes and/or unnecessary separation of a class leading to unrecoverable mistakes during the classification phase. We have designed an image segmentation technique that combines image processing and machine learning methodologies. It computes spatial and textural statistics from the image and determines the number of classes by conceptually clustering these statistics. We have also tested this technique on a large database of sea ice imagery, and it has shown successes in determining the number of classes without human intervention.
Electron spin resonance spectra of aged, γ‐irradiated polystyrenes

The electron spin resonance spectrum of polystyrene that has been γ-irradiated at −196°C. changes gradually with time from a broad three-peaked structure with outer derivative peaks at ±46 gauss to a much narrower structure with poorly separated outer derivative peaks at ±21–24 gauss. The deuterated polystyrenes behave likewise in general. The aged radicals of α,β,β-trideuterostyrene and β,β-dideuterostyrene exhibit only a single peak with derivative maxima at ±7 or 8 gauss from center. The aged spectra are all consistent with the hypothesis of major hyperfine interaction with β hydrogens. During the aging about 80% of the original radicals are lost, but the remainder are very long-lived. Poorly evacuated samples or those with added benzene decay much more rapidly.
One memory access bloom filters and their generalization

The Bloom filters have been extensively applied in many network functions. Their performance is judged by three criteria: processing overhead, space overhead, and false positive ratio. Due to wide applicability, any improvement to the performance of Bloom filters can potentially have broad impact in many areas of networking research. In this paper, we propose Bloom-1, a new data structure that performs membership check in one memory access, which compares favorably with the k memory accesses of a classical Bloom filter. We also generalize Bloom-1 to Bloom-g, allowing performance tradeoff between membership query overhead and false positive ratio. We thoroughly examine the variants in this new family of filters, and show that they can be configured to outperform the Bloom filters with a smaller number of memory accesses, a smaller or equal number of hash bits, and a smaller and comparable false positive ratio in practical scenarios. We also perform experiments based on a real traffic trace to support our new filter design.
Why are Only Bad Acts Good Sentencing Factors

Few pieces of information play a larger role in determining a criminal offender's sentence than her prior criminal history. The notion that an offender's prior bad acts ought to be considered an aggravating sentencing factor enjoys near-universal acceptance. But fewer jurisdictions appear to consider an offender's prior good acts (such as honorable military service or charitable works) as a mitigating factor at sentencing. This Article discusses the potential relationship between aggravating and mitigating sentencing factors. It also explores whether, in light of the overwhelming consensus that a prior bad act is aggravating, there is a principled reason that a sentencing system could fail to treat a prior good act as mitigating.
Industrial Plant Process Flow/Energy Analysis

In this chapter the process flow/energy analysis is discussed and described in detail. This is a significant tool for use by utility account representatives and industrial consultants to understand the industrial process and to provide a basis for implementing opportunities for plant improvement. The process flow/energy analysis for a specific plant is composed of a number of steps: 1) conduct a plant walk-through, 2) develop a process flow diagram, 3) complete an energy and mass balance for each process step, 4) prepare a profile of energy and energy costs by process step, 5) develop process performance parameters, and 6) prepare a list of process improvement opportunities. A complete analysis is presented for a fluid milk process.
Sublethal Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) on Cyclocephala lurida (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Abstract The sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (strain GHA) and Metarhizium brunneum Petch (strain F-52), on larval weight gain, adult longevity, oviposition, pupation, and eclosion success were investigated in the southern masked chafer, Cyclocephala lurida Bland. Neither M. brunneum nor B. bassiana had a significant effect in reducing larval weight gains in body mass or interfering with the developmental growth of C. lurida. The fungi did not significantly decrease the adult longevity of either male or female chafers. Oviposition in this insect was strongly correlated with the time duration of male companion and female longevity, but neither fungal species had a significant impact. Pupation rate for the treatment with M. brunneum was significantly lower than that with B. bassiana, but neither treatment showed a significant difference from the control. Also, adult eclosion in this insect was not significantly affected by either M. brunneum or B. bass...
A Uniform Tidal Datum System for the United States of America

The tidal datum of Mean Lower Low Water will be adopted as Chart Datum for all nautical charts, bathymetric maps, and tide tables of the National Ocean Survey. The Mean Higher High Water Line will be depicted as the Shoreline on all nautical charts and bathymetric maps. The low water line, when called for on large-scale charts with broad beach slopes, will be the Mean Lower Low Water Line. Legal difficulties may require the retention (as it did for creation) of Gulf Coast Low Water Datum and the establishment of Gulf Coast High Water Datum. However, these datums lie at the elevations of Mean Lower Low Water and Mean Higher High Water, respectively, in a regime of alternating mixed and diurnal tides. Implementation will probably require six years. Accuracies will be consistent with present practices.
Historic Districts' Development Strategy at Guanhai Road in Qingdao

In recent years,historic districts' revitalization has been widely concerned.There is a growing recognition that static protection is not conducive to historic districts' revival.Based on protection,development and reuse is not only the effective protection but also in favor of neighborhood revitalization.The Historic Districts at Guanhai Road in Qingdao are just faced with the problem of realizing the revival on the basis of protection.The focus of this article is to find the suitable development positioning of Historic Districts.In order to find the root cause of neighborhood decline,and find out the potential development advantage a variety of development models which should meet the demand of the block status and the protection of historical blocks must be explored.
Nonlinear Characteristic Adaptive Compensation Control for the Servo Stabilized Platform in Image Seeker

This paper proposes nonlinear characteristic compensation that is based on model and CMAC feedback control that is based on study,which is based on the discussion of the nonlinear characteristic of the servo stabilized platform in image seeker.The simulation results show that the compensation control for the nonlinear characteristic is effective.
Innovation Exploration and Practice of Agricultural Information Interactive Communication through Common Media

Using the interactive communication theory,the author researched the methods for agricultural information interactive communication through 5 kinds of common media(newspaper and journal,broadcast,TV,network and mobile phone),as well as the innovation exploration and practice of these methods.The study found that the innovation exploration and practice of agricultural information interactive communication through common media were mainly divided into two types:strengthening the traditional media based on their communication characteristics;realizing the interactive integration of multiple media by their own advantages.We considered that only the integration and complementation of various media could innovate,strengthen and expand the interactive communication.
Mode-selective periodic transmission line filters to reduce radiated common-mode emissions

Numerous techniques have been devised to counter unintended common-mode signals on differential structures. These signals, if unfiltered, can lead to radiated emissions from cables and connectors. A periodic transmission line structure is described in this paper that selectively filters common-mode signals while passing differential signals. The structure does not rely on any modifications to the reference structure. Additionally, the wiring density can be maintained without incurring excessive crosstalk on the same PCB layer or adjacent layers. The design of the structure is described, and a test PCB is designed, measured, and compared with modeling.
Frequency response based damage detection using principal component analysis

In this paper we explore structural damage detection using frequency response signals and principal component analysis. While frequency responses are easy to measure especially in online damage detection applications, most of the associated detection methods are deterministic in nature and cannot deal with uncertainties and noise which are inevitable under practical situations. To tackle this issue and to develop a robust damage detection protocol, here we develop a feature extraction/de-noising methodology based on principal component analysis (PCA). The basic idea is to first establish a feature space of the intact structure response by using multiple measurements. Abnormal signature that is different from the baseline signature can then be identified and magnified after signal reconstruction using the intact structure features. Essentially, the directionality between an inspected signal and the baseline signal in the feature space is used as index of damage occurrence. A series of numerical analyses are performed to characterize the detection system sensitivity and robustness.
Bayesian Group Testing Under Sum Observations: A Parallelizable Two-Approximation for Entropy Loss

We consider the problem of group testing with sum observations and noiseless answers, in which we aim to locate multiple objects by querying the number of objects in each of a sequence of chosen sets. We study a probabilistic setting with entropy loss, in which we assume a joint Bayesian prior density on the locations of the objects and seek to choose the sets queried to minimize the expected entropy of the Bayesian posterior distribution after a fixed number of questions. We present a new non-adaptive policy, called the dyadic policy, show that it is optimal among non-adaptive policies, and is within a factor of two of optimal among adaptive policies. This policy is quick to compute, its nonadaptive nature makes it easy to parallelize, and our bounds show that it performs well even when compared with adaptive policies. We also study an adaptive greedy policy, which maximizes the one-step expected reduction in entropy, and show that it performs at least as well as the dyadic policy, offering greater query efficiency but reduced parallelism. Numerical experiments demonstrate that both procedures outperform a divide-and-conquer benchmark policy from the literature, called sequential bifurcation, and show how these procedures may be applied in a stylized computer vision problem.
A Computational Investigation into the Mechanism of the Histone Acetyltransferase, Gcn5

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can have a profound effect on protein structure and function. One such PTM is the acetylation of histone (a protein involved in DNA binding). In this reaction, an enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl CoA to a free lysine on the histone. This transfer neutralizes the positively charged lysine, which ultimately allows the DNA to be exposed for transcription. In our study, we focus on the acetyltransferase, Gcn5. Details regarding the reaction mechanism used by Gcn5 remain obscured. However, current mechanistic hypotheses suggest that the reaction occurs through a tetrahedral oxyanion intermediate, which is stabilized by a hydrogen bond to a nearby residue, i.e. an oxyanion hole. We utilize molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations in order to further probe possible mechanistic schemes of this reaction.
Generation of a Foxc2 Gene Knockout Murine Melanoma Cell Line via CRISPR Cas9 Genome Editing Technology

Melanoma is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths each year, and murine model systems for the study of this disease are important tools for investigating factors that regulate the growth and met...
The Limitations of Existing Approaches in Improving MicroRNA Target Prediction Accuracy.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (18-24 nt) endogenous RNAs found across diverse phyla involved in posttranscriptional regulation, primarily downregulation of mRNAs. Experimentally determining miRNA-mRNA interactions can be expensive and time-consuming, making the accurate computational prediction of miRNA targets a high priority. Since miRNA-mRNA base pairing in mammals is not perfectly complementary and only a fraction of the identified motifs are real binding sites, accurately predicting miRNA targets remains challenging. The limitations and bottlenecks of existing algorithms and approaches are discussed in this chapter.A new miRNA-mRNA interaction algorithm was implemented in Python (TargetFind) to capture three different modes of association and to maximize detection sensitivity to around 95% for mouse (mm9) and human (hg19) reference data. For human (hg19) data, the prediction accuracy with any one feature among evolutionarily conserved score, multiple targets in a UTR or changes in free energy varied within a close range from 63.5% to 66%. When the results of these features are combined with majority voting, the expected prediction accuracy increases to 69.5%. When all three features are used together, the average best prediction accuracy with tenfold cross validation from the classifiers naive Bayes, support vector machine, artificial neural network, and decision tree were, respectively, 66.5%, 67.1%, 69%, and 68.4%. The results reveal the advantages and limitations of these approaches.When comparing different sets of features on their strength in predicting true hg19 targets, evolutionarily conserved score slightly outperformed all other features based on thermostability, and target multiplicity. The sophisticated supervised learning algorithms did not improve the prediction accuracy significantly compared to a simple threshold based approach on conservation score or combining the results of each feature with majority agreements. The targets from randomly generated UTRs behaved similar to that of noninteracting pairs with respect to changes in free energy. Availability of additional experimental data describing noninteracting pairs will advance our understanding of the characteristics and the factors positively and negatively influencing these interactions.
Impact of Volcanic Aerosols on Stratospheric Ozone Recovery

We use transient GFDL-CM3 chemistry-climate model simulations over the 2006-2100 period to show how the influence of volcanic aerosols on the extent and timing of ozone recovery varies with a) future greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and b) halogen loading. Current understanding is that elevated volcanic aerosols reduce ozone under high halogen loading, but increase ozone under low halogen loading when the chemistry is more NOx dominated. With extremely low aerosol loadings (designated here as ‘background’), global stratospheric ozone burden is simulated to return to 1980 levels around 2050 in the RCP8.5 scenario, but remains below 1980 levels throughout the 21st century in the RCP4.5 scenario. In contrast, with elevated volcanic aerosols, ozone column recovers more quickly to 1980 levels, with recovery dates ranging from the mid-2040s in RCP8.5 to the mid-2050s to early 2070s in RCP4.5. The ozone response in both future emission scenarios increases with enhanced volcanic aerosols. By 2100, the 1980-baseline adjusted global stratospheric ozone column is projected to be 20-40% greater in RCP8.5 and 110-200% greater in RCP4.5 with elevated volcanic aerosols compared to simulations with the extremely low background aerosols. The weaker ozone enhancement at 2100 in RCP8.5 than in RCP4.5 in response to elevated volcanic aerosols is due to a factor of 2.5 greater methane in RCP8.5 compared with RCP4.5. Our results demonstrate the substantial uncertainties in stratospheric ozone projections and expected recovery dates induced by volcanic aerosol perturbations that need to be considered in future model ozone projections.
Yield Line Analysis of Folded Plate Structures

A method is presented for determining the collapse loading and associated displacement pattern for the simply supported, prismatic, reinforced concrete, folded plate structure using the methods of limit analysis. The displacement patterns consist of appropriate combinations of transverse, longitudinal, and diagonal bending together with longitudinal extension and contraction. A computer program developed for the numerical solution of the controlling equations is discussed. The program is used to solve three examples involving loading of three structures which had been previously tested to failure by others. Comparison is made of the reported test results and the computer solutions.