cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE PROPAGATION OF GUAYULE FROM CUTTINGS

ALTHOUGH PROPAGATION from seed may be the most satisfactory method for large-scale guayule production, propagation from cuttings might be a useful technique under some circumstances, for example in connection with a breeding program, or to help in the expansion of a valuable variety. Lloyd (1911, p. 193-198) was emphatic in denying the practicability of propagating guayule from cuttings. However, several Mexican publications mention the successful propagation of guayule cuttings (cf. Calvino, 1910; Martinez, 1926), and point out certain advantages of this technique. In spite of Lloyd's (1912) refutation of Calvino's claims, the reports of successful rooting are sufficiently plausible to justify further study of this method of propagation. Our experiments have shown that guayule can be propagated freely from cuttings throughout the year (results for July and August still incomplete). Appropriate technique results in the rooting of more than 95 per cent of the cuttings set out. The rooted cuttings are easily transplanted to field plots, where they make a more rapid start than transplanted seedlings, and produce plants of larger size during the first season's growth. The stand of cuttings is more uniform than a comparable stand of plants grown from seed, and plants grown from cuttings produce seed earlier and more abundantly than seedgrown plants. During the first year, the cuttings produce at least as much rubber as the seedlings. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS. Location and climatic conditions, source of material.-The propagation of cuttings has been carried on at the Manzanar Relocation Center in the Owens Valley of California. Manzanar is on the valley floor at an altitude of almost 4000 feet, just east of the Sierra Nevada range. The diurnal temperature range is large (400 to 600F. difference between day maximum and night minimum being common), the relative humidity is extremely low, and the valley is frequently swept by violent winds. Maximum summer temperatures run somewhat above 100?F., and minimum winter temperatures are around 0'F. These climatic conditions might be expected to be unfavorable to the propagation of cuttings, which generally do not tolerate desiccation or extreme variation in temperature. Although certain protective measures are necessary to compensate for the climatic conditions at Manzanar, experience shows that guayule cuttings are at least as hardy as average propagating material. The guayule material included both wild varieties
Automation Controller for Operational IT Management

Controllers in computer systems have mainly been explored for automating regulative tasks such as admission control or resource supply control. The majority of IT management tasks, however, relies on discrete management states and coordinated transitions between those states. The paper shows how the concept of a feedback system can also be applied to automate operational management tasks. The paper introduces the concept and a realization of an IT management automation controller, which operates on discrete management states expressed as a pair of models for desired and observed state. Models are represented as a special form of place-transition nets (PTN or Petri nets). Controller logic directly executes PTN in order to achieve and maintain alignment between desired and observed state in a managed domain. In contrast to workflow systems, PTN combine the description of state and actions in one model (graph). Three operational database management tasks have been implemented as a proof of concept in a blade server automation infrastructure using the management automation controller.
Quantification of Crop-Hail Losses by Aerial Photography

Abstract Experiments designed to evaluate the potential of infrared (IR) color and standard color aerial photographs to measure crop-hail losses were performed. Detailed post-storm field measurements of loss (by standard adjusting techniques) and actual harvested yields (control data) were used for comparisons. Studies were made from a damaging hailstorm and from simulated hail damage on corn test plots. Stereoscopic analysis of standard color film provided estimates of average field loss for corn and soybeans that were better than those derived from the “best” field adjusting that involved detailed sampling of 1 point per 5 acres. Badly damaged areas had unique “signature” on the photographs consisting of semi-circular areas of loss that suggest a hail-wind related series of vortices of 100–500 ft in diameter. Measurements of IR film density for the simulated hail-damaged corn at the 14-leaf and later growth stages also showed a good relationship with the amount of harvested corn loss, but a weaker relat...
Kepone®: Toxicity and bioaccumulation in blue crabs

Two long-term studies were conducted to determine toxicity, uptake and depuration of Kepone in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus). In the first, Kepone was administered to crabs in seawater (0.03 or 0.3 μg Kepone/I) or food (eastern oyster,Crassostrea virginica, containing 0.25 μg/g Kepone). Uptake of Kepone in 28 days was primarily through the contaminated oysters. When these crabs were held in Kepone-free seawater and fed Kepone-free oysters for 28 days, no loss of the insecticide was evident. There were adverse effects on molting and survival in crabs fed oysters that contained 0.25 μg/g Kepone.
Populations at high risk for prostate cancer.

Although prostate cancer tends to be a slow-growing neoplasm affecting primarily older men, there is clearly a subset of younger patients at high risk of developing clinically significant disease. This group of patients includes men with a familial history of prostate cancer. Despite significant progress in identifying genetic markers for this disease, no single prostate cancer gene has been identified. Furthermore, the presence of multiple genetic markers suggests a strong environmental component to the development of prostate cancer. The high incidence of this disease among African Americans and the relatively low incidence among Asian Americans strongly suggest that diet may play an important role. The Western diet is much higher in fat and red meat compared with the Asian diet. Furthermore, soy-based diets appear to have an anticancer effect. Men who undergo transrectal ultrasound and prostate biopsy who are found to have high-grade prostatic intraepithelial hyperplasia or atypical small acinar proliferation also have a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Screening men at increased risk of developing clinically significant disease appears to be a logical strategy, especially in light of recent reports that suggest a benefit to aggressive treatment.
The Wightman axioms and the mass gap for weakly coupled (ϕ4)3 quantum field theories

The weakly coupled λΦ4 quantum field theory models in three space time dimensions exist and satisfy all the Wightman axioms.The mass operator \(M = (H^2 - \vec P^2 )^{1/2} \)has an isolated simple eigenvalue at zero and no spectrum in the interval (0, m) for some m > 0.
Some critical observations on twenty-first century graduate education in clinical psychology.

A number of issues raised in the C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott article, “Twenty-First Century Graduate Education in Clinical Psychology: A Four Level Matrix Model” (this issue), are critically examined: the role of interpersonal and societal factors in understanding the human condition, the desirability of breadth in both undergraduate and graduate education, political and scientific issues in prevention research and application, problems in the use of randomized clinical trials for evaluating psychotherapy, and the efficacy–effectiveness debate in therapy research. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Moire Topography For The Detection Of Orthopaedic Defects

Moire topography is applied for the follow-up of scoliosis patients. The results are then compared with the X-rays. A special lamp and scale arrangement is utilized for patient alignment. It is suggested that this technique will be used for the detection of all orthopaedic defects.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol against histamine challenge in Bordetella pertussis-treated and β-adrenergic blocked mice

Abstract The ability of isoproterenol, epinephrine, norepinephrine and mixtures of norepinephrine and isoproterenol to protect against the lethal effects of a histamine challenge in mice treated with propranolol or a saline extract (SE) of B . pertussis cells was compared. All treatments produced significant protection in propranolol-treated mice. In SE-treated mice, epinephrine gave good protection, but isoproterenol was ineffective in small doses and deleterious in larger doses, producing a significant increase in mortality over that of the untreated control mice. Isoproterenol added to norepinephrine also decreased the protective capability of norepinephrine in SE-treated mice.
Flexure Strength, Fracture Toughness, and Slow Crack Growth of YSZ/Alumina Composites at High Temperatures

Flexure strength and fracture toughness of zirconia–alumina composites, fabricated by hot pressing 10 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (10-YSZ) reinforced with 0–30 mol% alumina particulates or platelets, were determined as a function of alumina content at 1000°C in air. Both strength and fracture toughness of the two composite systems increased with increasing alumina content. For a given alumina content, flexure strength of the particulate composites was greater than that of the platelet composites at higher alumina contents (≥20 mol%); whereas, fracture toughness of the platelet composites was greater than that of the particulate counterparts, regardless of the alumina content. The susceptibility to slow crack growth (SCG), determined at 1000°C via constant stress-rate testing, was greatest for 30 mol% particulate composite with SCG parameter n=5–8 and was least for 30 mol% platelet composite with n=33. Elastic modulus of both composite systems decreased below 400°C and then remained almost unchanged up to 1000°C, forming a unique transition around 400°C, irrespective of alumina content.
Introduction to the Special Section: The Anthropology of Psychopharmaceuticals: Cultural and Pharmacological Efficacies in Context

IntroductionPsychopharmaceuticals have become a common means to treat mental distress indiverse contexts around the globe. In the past 20 years, the escalating globalinﬂuence of biomedicine has led to the increasing presence of psychopharmaceu-ticals in the United States (Jenkins 2010a), Europe (Verdoux et al. 2008), Asia andthe global south (Biehl 2010; Ecks 2010; Good 2010). Psychiatric drugs represent amulti-billion-dollar-a-year industry that promises to alleviate suffering (Petrynaand Kleinman 2006) and, as part of the global economy, these drugs have transformedour sense of identity, agency, and afﬂiction (Kirmayer and Raikhel 2009).While psychopharmaceutical interventions hold powerful promise for improvingpsychopathology, assessments of their successes or failures are ambiguous.Psychopharmaceutical treatments are not ‘‘magic bullet’’ cures, and each drug hasmultiple, potentially competing effects (Kirmayer and Raikhel 2009). Thesedynamics underscore the need to interrogate the meanings of psychopharmaceuticalefﬁcacy.How is psychopharmaceutical efﬁcacy deﬁned, and by whom? How doindividuals experience these drugs and interpret their effects in the contexts oftheir lives? Whyte et al. (2002b) stress that pharmaceutical treatments are ‘‘based on
FASTDash: a visual dashboard for fostering awareness in software teams

Software developers spend significant time gaining and maintaining awareness of fellow developers' activities. FASTDash is a new interactive visualization that seeks to improve team activity awareness using a spatial representation of the shared code base that highlights team members' current activities. With FASTDash, a developer can quickly determine which team members have source files checked out, which files are being viewed, and what methods and classes are currently being changed. The visualization can be annotated, allowing programmers to supplement activity information with additional status details. It provides immediate awareness of potential conflict situations, such as two programmers editing the same source file. FASTDash was developed through user-centered design, including surveys, team interviews, and in situ observation. Results from a field study show that FASTDash improved team awareness, reduced reliance on shared artifacts, and increased project-related communication. Additionally, the team that participated in our field study continues to use FASTDash.
Acoustic Emission (AE) Forecasting Rock Burst Key Technology

Acoustic emission (AE) technique is a trend of non-contact technique forecasting coal and rock dynamic disaster.Coal and rock AE propagation attenuation exponent function on different AE frequencies, different quality factors and different propagation distance are acquired by theory and numerical simulation and actual experiment; the effect of AE sensor installation manners on coal and rock surface , coal and rock bottom and wave guide are studied, the results show that the effect of AE sensor installation manner on wave guide is better than on coal and rock surface ,equivalent to installation manner on coal and rock hole bottom. Based on above study results, actual rock bursts are successfully forecasted.
We've got minorities, yes we do: visual representations of racial and ethnic diversity in college recruitment materials

Colleges and universities have expanded their use of the internet and social media in marketing strategies, but the direct mailing of admissions brochures continues to be at the heart of recruitment efforts. Because admissions brochures often serve as a potential student's introduction to the campus, they are carefully crafted to provide a specific impression of the institution. This study examined one aspect of the marketing of colleges by examining the portrayal of racial and ethnic diversity. Through a content analysis of over 10,000 photographs from 165 four-year institutions in the US, the accuracy of the photographic portrayal of diversity in recruitment materials was assessed. Findings indicate that the majority of institutions provided images of diversity to prospective students in 2011 that were significantly different than the actual student body. Furthermore, diversity was typically symbolized by portraying African American students at higher rates rather than presenting a more representative s...
Person tracking and reidentification: Introducing Panoramic Appearance Map (PAM) for feature representation

This paper develops a concept of Panoramic Appearance Map (PAM) for performing person reidentification in a multi-camera setup. Each person is tracked in multiple cameras and the position on the floor plan is determined using triangulation. Using the geometry of the cameras and the person location, a panoramic map centered at the person’s location is created with the horizontal axis representing the azimuth angle and vertical axis representing the height. Each pixel in the map image gets color information from the cameras which can observe it. The maps between different tracks are compared using a distance measure based on weighted SSD in order to select the best match. Temporalintegration by registering multiple maps over the tracking period improves the matching performance. Experimental results of matching persons between two camera sets show the effectiveness of the approach.
Interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of posterior capsule opacification and the potential role for interleukin-6 inhibition in the future of cataract surgery

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a debilitating and relatively common complication of cataract surgery despite modern medical and surgical advances. The pathophysiology of this condition has largely been attributed to peptide mediators, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), with the inhibition of these and other related molecules showing promising results. Studies have also shown that the levels of interleukin-6 are elevated in the eyes following cataract surgery and in various ocular inflammatory disorders that predispose to PCO development. This review proposes, utilizing ocular and extra-ocular disease models, several potential pathways through which IL-6 may modulate the activity of TGFβ, EGF, MMP-2/-9 and immune cells to promote PCO. Among the IL-6-mediated pathways discussed are the transactivation of EGF receptor, the up-regulation of TGFβ and MMP-2/-9, and the loss of ocular immune privilege through trans-signaling, down-regulation of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and up-regulation of Th17 cells. After establishing both the potential role of ocular IL-6 in the development of PCO and the apparent upstream activity of IL-6 in relation to the known mediators of PCO, the author hypothesizes that intraoperative anti-IL-6 therapy may be of great benefit in reducing all parameters of PCO pathogenesis. This review also provides a strong basis for carrying out multiple experimental studies with IL-6 inhibitors to further elucidate the specific pathways by which IL-6 may promote PCO as well as to better determine what role inflammation may play in this disease process.
Characterizing distribution rules for cost sharing games

We consider the problem of designing the distribution rule used to share “welfare” (cost or revenue) among individually strategic agents. There are many distribution rules known to guarantee the existence of a (pure Nash) equilibrium in this setting, e.g., the Shapley value and its weighted variants; however a characterization of the space of distribution rules that yield the existence of a Nash equilibrium is unknown. Our work provides a step towards such a characterization. We prove that when the welfare function is strictly submodular, a budget-balanced distribution rule guarantees equilibrium existence for all games (i.e., all possible sets of resources, agent action sets, etc.) if and only if it is a weighted Shapley value.
Selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes by a cationic surfactant

Three single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), (8,4), (7,5) and (7,6), are significantly enriched via selective dispersion of SWNTs using a cationic surfactant, where the electronic donor–acceptor interaction with the nanotube is assumed to play an important role in the observed selectivity.
Keeping Signals Straight in Phosphorelay Signal Transduction

Bacteria are highly adaptable organisms capable of growth on countless carbon and nitrogen sources and of occupying an inexhaustible variety of ecological niches. Any particular bacterium possesses a subset of these capabilities that are encoded by a repertoire of genes normally kept unexpressed
Efficient application placement in a dynamic hosting platform

Web hosting providers are increasingly looking into dynamic hosting to reduce costs and improve the performance of their platforms. Instead of provisioning fixed resources to each customer, dynamic hosting maintains a variable number of application instances to satisfy current demand. While existing research in this area has mostly focused on the algorithms that decide on the number and location of application instances, we address the problem of efficient enactment of these decisions once they are made. We propose a new approach to application placement and experimentally show that it dramatically reduces the cost of application placement, which in turn improves the end-to-end agility of the hosting platform in reacting to demand changes.
Static and Dynamic Polarizabilities of Conjugated Molecules and Their Cations

Recent advances in nonlinear optics and strong-field chemistry highlight the need for calculated properties of organic molecules and their molecular ions for which no experimental values exist. Both static and frequencydependent properties are required to understand the optical response of molecules and their ions interacting with laser fields. It is particularly important to understand the dynamics of the optical response of multielectron systems in the near-IR (I 800 nm) region, where the majority of strong-field experiments are performed. To this end we used Hartree-Fock (HF) and PBE0 density functional theory to calculate ground-state firstorder polarizabilities ( R) for two series of conjugated organic molecules and their molecular ions: (a) alltrans linear polyenes ranging in size from ethylene (C 2H4) to octadecanonene (C18H20) and (b) polyacenes ranging in size from benzene (C6H6) to tetracene (C18H12). The major observed trends are: (i) the wellknown nonlinear increase of R with molecular size, (ii) a significant increase of R upon ionization for larger systems, and (iii) for larger ions, the dynamic polarizability at 800 nm is much larger than the static polarizability. We have also compared the HF and PBE0 polarizabilities of the linear polyenes up to octatetraene calculated with second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and coupled cluster theory with single and double excitations (CCSD). For neutral molecules the results at the PBE0 and HF levels are very similar and ca. 20% higher than the MP2 and CCSD results. For molecular ions, results at the HF, PBE0, MP2, and CCSD are all very close. We discuss the size scaling and frequency dependence of R, and provide simple models that capture the origin of the change in the static and dynamic polarization upon ionization.
Hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension in repeatedly bred parents of the obese spontaneously hypertensive rat (Obese/SHR) unaccompanied by arteriosclerosis

Abstract A sub-strain of male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) capable of having massively obese or non-obese offspring were bred repeatedly or were maintained as virgin controls. When the male and female breeders had sired or given birth to 5 litters of young, they were autopsied along with their 10-month-old celibate brothers and sisters. Virgin and breeder SHR developed high blood pressure (250 ± 10 mm Hg). Breeder rats were significantly heavier than their virgin cohorts; pituitary and adrenal glands, hearts, and kidneys were significantly enlarged while thymi were severely involuted in breeder vs virgin SHR. The hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, hyperglycemia, and islet hyperplasia, characteristic of virgin SHR, were greatly exacerbated in breeder SHR. Blood levels of corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and aldosterone were greatly elevated in breeder vs virgin SHR. Although breeder rats of genetically normotensive strains develop aortic sclerosis, none of the breeder SHR developed aortic sclerosis. Instead, intimal fibrinohyalin lesions appeared confined to the testes and ovaries. It is suggested that the anatomical appearance or resistance of the arterial wall to the development of lesions is genetically mediated but this genetic programming may be modified by metabolic and hormonal factors with particular emphasis on the participation of adrenocorticoids.
Export Mode and Market Entry Costs

This paper provides intangible trade data for an important U.S. export industry during a period when official data are very thin. It examines what modes firms use to export intangible assets. It uses a novel data source that provides very detailed information on export modal choice and market entry costs. Motion picture exporters use different modes of entry across markets. Exporters use more intensive modes, those that require them to pay a higher share of distribution costs, in large markets. Markets with the largest sales are more costly to serve, since they require more extensive sales office networks. While costs are higher in large markets, they are compensated by higher revenue.
Exponentially harmonic maps and their properties

We show that the associated quadratic differentials of exponentially harmonic maps are holomorphic under certain circumstance. We study the sufficient and necessary conditions for axially symmetric maps which are exponentially harmonic. We investigate exponentially harmonic equations for rotationally symmetric maps between rotationally symmetric manifolds of low dimensions.
Social Communication Intervention for an Adult with Asperger Syndrome: Experiences, Perspectives, and Challenges

Adults on the autism spectrum, despite having received intervention throughout their childhood and adolescence, continue to experience challenges with everyday social interactions, forming and maintaining relationships, and social abilities needed in work settings. This article presents a case example of a 22-year-old adult with Asperger syndrome, and highlights the issues in providing intervention for highly able young adults on the autism spectrum. A unique feature of this report is the inclusion of the client's own insights into his experiences, perspectives, and challenges with the intervention. The approaches used to address his social communication and organizational needs are outlined, and clinical implications discussed.
Linear extensions of ranked posets, enumerated by descents. A problem of Stanley from the 1981 Banff Conference on Ordered Sets

Let P be a naturally labelled, ranked (graded) poset of rank r and cardinality n. Let H"k be the set of linear extensions of P with k descents. An explicit bijection between H"k and H"n"-"1"-"r"-"k is constructed using the involution principle (0=
A TEST OF A REGRESSION-TREE MODEL OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION

REGRESSION-TREE ANALYSIS HAS increasingly found applications in ornithology, in modeling of behavior (Grubb and King 1991) and of species distributions (Rodenhouse et al. 1993; O'Connor et al. 1996, 1999; Hahn and O'Connor 2002). The method has proved particularly useful in modeling species occurrence over the large areas necessary for macroecology (Brown and Maurer 1989, Brown 1995, De'ath and Fabricius 2000, Iverson and Prasad 2002) and in accommodating the effects of anthropogenic stressors (Grubb and King 1991, Wickham et al. 1997, Allen and O'Connor 2000). O'Connor and Jones (1997) used the technique to estimate losses of bird populations to anthropogenic stressors in the United States and concluded that some 15% of the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) routes in the conterminous United States had lost, on average, 17 or more breeding bird species. That would mean-given an average of 81 species on the typical BBS route (O'Connor et al. 1996)-that 21% of species in the bird communities in those areas were locally extinct, which is equivalent to a 3.1% average extinction rate over the conterminous United States! However, those conclusions depend on the validity of the underlying statistical model, a regression-tree analysis that involves subjective decisions that might have influenced the estimates. Here, we report the results of a test-with an entirely independent data set-that supports the ability of the O'Connor-Jones model to correctly predict local bird-species richness. Regression-tree analysis (Breiman et al. 1984, Clark and Pregibon 1992) proceeds by recursive binary splitting of the original sample. In O'Connor and Jones's (1997) model, the predicted variable was species richness estimated from Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data, and the
Lacan: the mind of the modernist

This paper offers an intellectual portrait of the French psychoanalyst, Jacques Lacan, by considering his incorporation of perspectives associated with “modernism,” the artistic and intellectual avant-garde of the first half of the twentieth century. These perspectives are largely absent in other alternatives in psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis. Emphasis is placed on Lacan’s affinities with phenomenology, a tradition he criticized and to which he is often seen as opposed. Two general issues are discussed. The first is Lacan’s unparalleled appreciation of the paradoxical nature of human experience, together with his treatment of paradox as (paradoxically enough) almost a criterion of truth. These points are illustrated by considering Lacan’s conceptions of the self and of erotic desire. The second issue is Lacan’s focus on the “ontological dimension,” on overall styles or modalities of what might be termed “transcendental subjectivity”: namely, what he calls the registers of the “Imaginary,” the “Symbolic,” and the “Real.” By emphasizing the incommensurable yet (paradoxically) interdependent nature of these modalities, Lacan offers a synthesis of dynamic/conflictual and formal/ontological dimensions of the human condition. This paper offers an encompassing portrait of Lacan’s major ideas that is at odds with the widespread assumption that Lacan is somehow a deeply anti-humanist thinker who derides the subjective dimension. Lacan’s most distinctive contributions are fundamentally concerned with the nature of human experience. They show strong affinities with (and the influence of) hermeneutic forms of phenomenology inspired by Heidegger, a philosopher who focused on ontological modes of Being and considered paradox as a mark of truth.
The IMF and the Asian Crisis: A View from the Executive Board

I want to look back, and tell you, briefly, how the Asian crisis looked from the perspective of a member of the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund. Thanks to the IMF’s vaunted secrecy, many of you may not even know that there is an Executive Board—24 directors representing 182 member countries—which decides all major fund policies and approves all programs and disbursements of fund resources. Several of my board colleagues are here tonight.
An Overview of Recent Advances in Mineral Metabolism

The last decade witnessed a dramatic expansion of knowledge, both fundamental and clinical, about the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, and about the regulation of bone structure and function in health and disease. Calcium and phosphorus are essential components of the skeleton, which regulate or modulate many biochemical and transport processes. Cystosolic and extracellular fluid concentrations of ionic calcium are maintained within narrow limits despite wide fluctuation in calcium intake. The circulating levels of phosphorus are controlled by many of the same factors responsible for regulating calcium metabolism, though to a less stringent degree.
Premature Separation of the Placenta

A CCIDENTAIJ uterine hemorrhage of Rigby,1 or ablatio placentae of t-\ Holmes,2 or abruptio placentae of DeLee3 is defined in the standard textbooks of obstetricsH as uterine hemorrhage from a premature separation of a normally implanted placenta. The case reported and other experiences of the author have suggested that this condition should be defined as uterine hemorrhage from a premature separation of the placenta, irrespective of its attachment to either the upper or the lower uterine segment. On the basis of the underlying pathologie and the physiologic changes, I suggest a clinical rlassification of 1 he contraetive and the retractive types.
Secukinumab (AIN-457) for the treatment of Psoriasis

Secukinumab (also known as AIN-457) is a human monoclonal antibody targeting IL-17A, which has been recently FDA-approved for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with coexistent moderate to severe plaque psoriasis based on clinical trials demonstrating excellent efficacy. This review will address the rationale for targeting the IL-23/Th17/IL-17 axis, the role of IL-17 and Th17 cells in psoriasis and other chronic inflammatory diseases, and will examine pre-clinical studies, pharmacologic properties, clinical efficacy, and the safety profile of secukinumab.
Profile of retigabine-induced neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat brain

Summary Objective Acute neonatal exposure to some, but not all, anticonvulsant drugs induces a profound increase in neuronal apoptosis in rats. Phenobarbital and phenytoin induce apoptosis at a therapeutically relevant dose range, lamotrigine and carbamazepine do so only at supratherapeutic doses or in polytherapy, and valproate does so even at subtherapeutic doses. Levetiracetam is devoid of pro-apoptotic effects. Retigabine, a new-generation drug, acts uniquely by enhancing the M-type potassium current. Because its safety profile in developing animals is unstudied, we sought to determine if retigabine would induce apoptosis. Methods Postnatal day (P) 7 rat pups were treated with retigabine (5–30 mg/kg), vehicle (saline), or comparator drugs (phenobarbital, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, or carbamazepine). Cell death was assessed using amino-cupric-silver staining. A separate group of animals was treated repeatedly (three times over 24 h) with retigabine (15 mg/kg) or vehicle. To establish a pharmacokinetic profile for retigabine, we measured plasma and brain levels after drug treatment. Results Consistent with prior studies from our group and others, we found phenobarbital-induced cell death throughout thalamus, nucleus accumbens, and several neocortical areas. By contrast, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine were found to have no appreciable apoptotic effect on the aforementioned structures. Acute (single) exposure to retigabine, even at doses of 30 mg/kg, was also without effect on apoptosis. However, repeated (three times) exposure to retigabine triggered apoptosis in a subset of brain areas. The half-life of retigabine in plasma was 2.5 h, with appreciable concentrations reached in the brain within 1 h of administration. Significance These data demonstrate that retigabine, like many other anticonvulsant drugs, is capable of triggering neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat brain. Unlike other drugs, repeated dosing of retigabine was necessary to induce this effect. This may be due to its shorter half-life as compared to other drugs, such as phenobarbital.
Reading Playboy for the Science Fiction

Through an examination of some of the science-fiction stories published in Playboy magazine from 1953 to 1973, this essay shows that futuristic narratives were integral to the magazine’s editorial sensibility, which suggested that intimate life should be governed by the cool rationality of scientific management. In addition to offering close readings of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and “The Fly” by George Langelaan, this essay demonstrates that Playboy editor and publisher Hugh Hefner himself was a science-fictional figure, representing the fantasy of a human merging with a media network. During this period, Hefner purported to be the living embodiment of the Playboy enterprise, as well as its target audience. This claim allowed the magazine to manage public and legal perceptions of its readership, a move that helped Playboy skirt censorship while courting advertisers. Women and other supposedly vulnerable readers were excluded from its audience, appearing instead as instruments for masculine self-contemplation. Thus, the magazine describes female characters such as Clarisse, the “girl next door” in Fahrenheit 451, and Janet Pilgrim, the first girl-next-door Playmate, as media technologies operated by men. Drawing on Michel Foucault and the history of the book, this article uses the example of Hefner to theorize the editorial subject. Like Foucault’s author function, the editor function represents a position of legal, moral, and authorial responsibility that binds together disparate elements into a single, legible identity. Threats to this identity reemerge through science-fiction narratives, which allow readers to obtain a cool and estranged perspective on otherwise disturbing ideas and emotions. Nevertheless, Playboy rejected even speculative short stories that failed to conform to its editorial point of view.
A Comparison of Acuity and Treatment Measures of Inmate and Noninmate Hospital Patients With a Diagnosis of Either Heart Disease or Chest Pain

Objective This paper used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Survey for the period 1998-2004 to examine whether California male inmate hospital patients with a primary diagnosis of heart disease or chest pain receive poorer quality of care (measures = number and type of procedures and time from admission to first procedure) or are sicker (measures = length of stay, risk of mortality, severity of illness, and number of diagnoses) compared to noninmate patients. Methods Differences between inmates and noninmates were examined using a t test for continuous variables and a c 2 test for categorical variables. Multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and ordered logistic regression were used to investigate relationships between the outcome variables and inmate/noninmate status, controlling for age, race, expected payer, hospital, and total charges. Results Being an inmate was not statistically significantly associated with acuity or quality of care for patients with chest pain. For patients with heart disease, being an inmate was statistically significantly associated with a decrease in time to first procedure of 0.464 days (standard error = 0.189, p =.015) and an increase in length of stay of 0.81 days (standard error = 0.256, p =.002). Conclusion The provision of health care to prison inmates is required by law, paid for by taxpayers, and increasing as the inmate population increases. The findings that, on average, inmate patients with heart disease stay in the hospital longer and receive treatment sooner compared to noninmate patients do not indicate that inmates receive poorer quality of care compared to noninmates.
Maximal Clique Size Versus Centrality: A Correlation Analysis for Complex Real-World Network Graphs

The paper presents the results of correlation analysis between node centrality (a computationally lightweight metric) and the maximal clique size (a computationally hard metric) that each node is part of in complex real-world network graphs, ranging from regular random graphs to scale-free graphs. The maximal clique size for a node is the size of the largest clique (number of constituent nodes) the node is part of. The correlation coefficient between the centrality value and the maximal clique size for a node is observed to increase with increase in the spectral radius ratio for node degree (a measure of the variation of node degree in the network). As the real-world networks get increasingly scale-free, the correlation between the centrality value and the maximal clique size increases. The degree-based centrality metrics are observed to be relatively better correlated with the maximal clique size compared to the shortest path-based centrality metrics.
Soluble, Chloride-Terminated CdSe Nanocrystals: Ligand Exchange Monitored by 1H and 31P NMR Spectroscopy

Chloride-terminated, tri-n-butylphosphine (Bu3P) bound CdSe nanocrystals were prepared by cleaving carboxylate ligands from CdSe nanocrystals (2.5 carboxylate/nm2) with chlorotrimethylsilane in Bu3P solution. 1H and 31P{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the isolated nanocrystals allowed assignment of distinct signals from several free and bound species, including surface-bound Bu3P (δ = −13 ppm, fwhm = 908 Hz) and [Bu3P–H]+[Cl]− ligands as well as a Bu3P complex of cadmium chloride. NMR spectroscopy supports complete cleavage (>99%) of the X-type carboxylate ligands. Primary n-alkylamines rapidly displace the bound Bu3P on mixing, leading to amine-bound nanocrystals with higher dative ligand coverages (1.8 RNH2/nm2 vs 0.5 Bu3P/nm2) and greatly increased photoluminescence quantum yields (33 ± 3% vs <1%). Combined with measurements of the Se:Cd:Cl ratio (1:1.16:0.28) using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, these studies support a structural model of nanocrystals where chloride ligands te...
Drinking Water Quality and Safety Project in Rural Sichuan,2011

Objective To learn the quality condition of drinking water in Sichuan's rural areas and provide scientific basis for evaluating the effect of rural drinking water safety project.Methods According to the requirement of The technical scheme for hygiene surveillance of the quality of rural drinking water in 2011 published by National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee Office,the samples of drinking water safety project was randomly selected.According to Hygienic standard for drinking water,the water quality in both dry and wet seasons were detected.Results Among 2 993 detected projects,small-scale projects accounted for 94.85%.The qualification rate of finished water between dry and wet seasons(χ2=78.94),big-scale and small-scale projects(χ2=18.76),experiencing 4 kinds of treatment processes(χ2=176.21),whether the project have used disinfection facilities(χ2=23.36),or whether the projects have used different disinfection preparations(χ2=18.65),are statistically significant(P0.01).The descending order of the qualification rate of finished water starts from ecotoxicology index(98.96%) through general chemical index(90.75%),organoleptic index(82.79%) and microbial index(52.72%) to disinfection index(41.29%).Conclusion Rural drinking water safety project gave priority to small-scale project.The qualification rate of finished water is higher if the projects are under total treatment with support from disinfection facilities on demand and disinfected by chlorine dioxide.Microbial index and disinfection index are the main factors that caused disqualification of finished water quality.To guarantee the rural drinking water safety,the development of big-scale projects as well as the construction quality of water facilities should be improved.The use of health facilities and expanding the method of chlorine dioxide disinfection should be enhanced.
Relationship Between High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein and P Wave Dispersion in Patients With Lone Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Objective: To analyze the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and P wave dispersion(Pd) in patients with lone atrial fibrillation(AF), and to explore the effect of inflammation on atrial electrophysiological remodeling.Methods: Our research included 2 groups. AF group, containing 71 consecutive paroxysmal lone AF patients, and Control group, containing 71 paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia patients with the matched age and gender. The clinical characteristics, electrocardiographic Pd assessment and plasma hs-CRP levels were compared between 2 groups. The relationship between hs-CRP and Pd was studied by linear and multi linear regression analysis.Results: Compared with Control group, AF group showed increased left atrial diameter, Pd and hs-CRP, all P0.05. multilinear regression analysis indicated that hs-CRP was positively related to Pd in both groups, P0.01. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hs-CRP was an independent risk factor for AF occurrence(HR=15.430, 95% CI 6.031-39.476, P0.001), with adjusted Pd, multiple logistic regression analysis presented that both Pd and hs-CRP were the independent risk factors for AF occurrence, both P0.001, while the HR for hs-CRP predicting AF occurrence was attenuated from 15.430 to 6.246. Conclusion: Plasma hs-CRP level and electrocardiographic Pd were the important risk factors for paroxysmal lone AF, the interaction between hs-CRP and AF occurrence could be mediated by Pd, suggesting that inflammation might be involved in atrial electrophysiological remodeling.
Contact Characteristic Analysis of a Compressor Disc Dovetail Structure

Focusing on the compressor disc dovetail structure,where the compressor disc model consisted of 38 blades,the finite element model of 1 /38 of the whole plate was established based on ANSYS software. Considering centrifugal force caused by rotation,the effects of friction coefficient,dovetail installation angle and contact area of interface on contact pressure and contact slip distance were studied. The Lagrange multiplier was applied to calculate the contact responses between dovetail and groove. The results showthat the maximum contact pressure and maximum slide distance decrease gradually with the increasing of friction coefficient; the maximum contact pressure increases and the maximum slide distance almost keep constant with the increasing of dovetail installation angle; the maximum contact pressure and maximum slide distance of interface gradually decrease with the increasing of contact area.
Stability of causal inference

We consider the sensitivity of causal identification to small perturbations in the input. A long line of work culminating in papers by Shpitser and Pearl (2006) and Huang and Valtorta (2008) led to a complete procedure for the causal identification problem. In our main result in this paper, we show that the identification function computed by these procedures is in some cases extremely unstable numerically. Specifically, the "condition number" of causal identification can be of the order of Ω(exp(n0.49)) on an identifiable semi-Markovian model with n visible nodes. That is, in order to give an output accurate to d bits, the empirical probabilities of the observable events need to be obtained to accuracy d + Ω(n0.49) bits.
Minds at Work: Writing, Acting, Watching, Reading Hamlet

King uses the paradox inherent in the neurological definition of ambiguity—the simultaneous certainty of different scenarios, each one of which has equal validity—to triangulate the distinct creative sources of writers, actors, readers, and spectators. She argues that Shakespeare, perhaps most clearly in Hamlet, creates multiple contradictory meanings that actors, readers, and audiences experience in a process that cannot help but draw their attention to the mysteries of their own consciousness. Paying attention to the acting conditions of Elizabethan theater, in which individual actors did not possess the entire play script, she demonstrates through a close reading of the first two scenes of Hamlet how constructed holes in knowledge combine with contradictory impressions to give both characters and audiences a complex phenomenological experience.
Market Share Analysis of U.S. Export Trade

The continued trade deficits of U.S. are causing major concern. U.S. trade performance vis-a-vis its major trading partners, namely, E.E.C., and Japan was analyzed for the period of 1974 through 1977. Market shares of U.S., E.E.C., and Japan were computed for 120 countries and their relative trade performance in world markets was assessed.
Western interest in gesture from Classical Antiquity to the eighteenth century

Discussion of gesture in Classical Antiquity In the Western tradition, among the Greeks and, later, the Romans, gesture was recognized as a feature of human expression that, being powerful, must be shaped and regulated in accordance with the aims of creating persuasive or effective discourse. Aristotle saw it as part of the technique used by public orators to sway the feelings of the crowd, but he rather disparaged it, regarding gesture, tone of voice, and other theatrical techniques, as detracting from the ideal of just and proper discourse which, he believed, should require only facts and the principles of reason. Later, in the Roman tradition, these aspects of oratorical technique came to be valued somewhat differently. For example, Cicero discusses gesture and facial expression in his discourses on oratory but, unlike Aristotle, he regarded them as worthy of cultivation. Nevertheless, in his discussion, he emphasizes how gesture and, especially, the face, were to be used to express the feelings that lie behind a discourse. They should be employed in a measured and dignified fashion, not at all in the manner of gesture as used by mimes and actors, whose techniques were regarded as quite different from those of the public orator (Lamedica 1984). The most complete discussion of gesture from the Roman era is in the eleventh Book of Institutio oratoria (‘Education of the Orator’) by Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, written in the first century AD (Maier-Eichorn 1989, Graf 1993, Aldrete 1999, Dutsch 2003 are recent discussions).