cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Back lift versus leg lift: an index and visualization of dynamic lifting strategies

The description of a lifting strategy is typically provided in qualitative terms. A quantitative static descriptor or index differentiates the starting postures but not the primary moving segments. This technical note proposes an index that quantitatively characterizes different dynamic postural strategies employed during sagittal plane lifting. Dynamic lifting strategies are modeled in the velocity domain as different schemes of partitioning postural changes between the torso and leg segments. The index consists of two parameters, assigned to two leg segments, quantifying their contributions relative to the torso. Given a measured lifting movement, its index parameters values, ranging from 0.1 to 10, are estimated through an enumeration search process with the objective of minimizing the fitting error. The use of this index is illustrated by applying it to 24 lifting movements performed by six subjects assuming either a back-lift or a leg-lift strategy. Results indicate that a lifting strategy, in terms of whether the leg or the back is generally the prime mover, can be differentiated and visualized using this simple two-parameter index. In addition, indistinct intermediate strategies are also discerned, as the involvement of each segment in a lifting movement is quantified. The index is however limited in that it does not accommodate arm motion contributions to a lift nor possible time-dependent strategic changes during a lift. Potential future applications include time-efficient movement prediction and simulation for computerized biomechanical or ergonomic analysis.
Anselm: Platonism, language and truth in Proslogion

When the Proslogion is read from within the context of Anselm's De Veritate it seems that Anselm's project is firmly based on theological premises. Anselm works with a two-fold conception of truth. Truth is first of all a quality inherent in the statement itself. It is the correctness (rectitudo) of the statement. Second, truth is the correspondence with the extra-linguistic reality. This second level of truth is accidental to the statement. What provides the link between extra-linguistic reality and the statement is the Word of God, which is the level of true reference, where original statements correspond to the original will of God in the creation. When Plato asks what true knowledge is in the Theatetus, the final answer seems to be that what is needed is a statement which carries its own truth as a certainty of Being and Unity within itself. However, no such statement is presented in the dialogue. The name of God in the Proslogion is such a statement which carries its own truth as a certainty of Being and Unity within itself, in that on the first level of truth (rectituto) it is impossible to deny. As the statement concerns the Being of God and cannot be denied it necessarily overflows into the second level of truth which is correspondence with extra-linguistic reality. Therefore, this article argues that Anselm develops a statement which fulfils the criterion of true knowledge presented in the Theatetus. He manages to do this from the position of faith, which includes a strict theological rationality.
Aldoses in various size fractions of marine organic matter: Implications for carbon cycling

Carbohydrates are major components of marine organic matter, but few molecular-level carbohydrate analyses in seawater have been undertaken owing to the low concentrations of individual compounds. This paper presents novel data on aldose compositions and concentrations in various size fractions of particulate and dissolved organic matter from the equatorial Pacific. Samples of high-molecular-weight (HMW, >1 kDa) dissolved organic matter (DOM) and suspended particulate organic matter (POM, >O. 1 pm) were collected by tangential-flow ultrafiltration. Aldose content of low-molecular-weight (LMW) DOM was calculated as the difference bctwecn aldose content in unfiltered samples and HMW DOM + POM. Size-fractionated and unfiltered samples were hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid, and aldoscs were separated and detected by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and pulsed ampero- metric detection, A detailed description of the method is provided. The concentrations of fucosc, rhamnose, arabi- nose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and mannosc were determined. In general, the predominant sugars were glucose and galactose. The HMW DOM fraction was slightly enriched in deoxysugars and galactose. The average depth- integrated size distribution of aldoses indicated that 68% of aldoscs were LMW DOM, 28% were HMW DOM, and 4% were POM. Concentrations and yields (normalized to organic carbon) of aldoses in POM and HMW DOM decreased with depth, indicating selective degradation of aldoses. The molecular compositiqns of the degraded components of POM and HMW DOM were similar to surface compositions but the mole % glucose increased with depth, implying that glucose was preferentially preserved in a refractory structure. The fraction with the highest aldose yield was POM, followed by HMW DOM and LMW DOM. In surface waters from both stations, the largest fractions of dissolved aldoses were found in HMW DOM, whereas in subsurface waters most dissolved aldoses were found in LMW DOM. Yields and concentrations of aldoscs indicated a size-related diagenetic sequence where POM represents the most reactive material and LMW DOM the most refractory material, Aldoses represented 1.7- 3.6% of DOC and IO-20% of total carbohydrates, indicating that a large fraction of the carbohydrate pool is still uncharacterized at the molecular level. Aldoses could be identified in all, presumably refractory, deep-water samples, and most of the aldoses in deep water were LMW, indicating that a factor other than molecular composition was important in determining biological availability of the aldoscs.
Illusion decrement in intersecting line figures

This study tests the generality of illusion decrement using four illusion figures involving intersecting lines: the Zoellner, Poggendorff, Wundt-Hering, and Mueller-Lyer figures. Five minutes of inspection with testing at 1-min intervals led to significant decrement in all figures. The rate of decrement was the same for all figures. These data are consistent with a judgmental theory of geometric illusions.
Facial and abdominal hair growth in hirsutism: A computerized evaluation

Abstract Methods of objectively assessing the growth rate of hairs in hirsute women have generally required some form of shaving and have focused on studying hairs affecting the face, which has reduced the number of patients willing or able to participate in such studies. A possible solution is to assess the terminal hairs on the lower abdomen (ie, the male escutcheon) because these two body areas are the most frequently affected with excess hair growth in hirsute patients. Nonetheless, it is unclear how the growth characteristics (density, diameter, and growth rate) of the hairs on the abdomen and face differ in these patients. We hypothesize that the growth characteristics of terminal hairs on the abdomen and face are similar and that evaluation of either area may be sufficient in assessing the hair growth rate of these patients. To objectively evaluate hair growth in the face and abdomen in hirsute patients, we developed a computer-aided image analysis system capable of measuring several growth parameters. Twenty hirsute women (12 white and 8 black), aged 31.2 ± 6.1 years, were studied. Facial and abdominal skin areas were shaved, and 3 to 5 days later the areas were photographed through a calibrated glass plate and 5 terminal hairs were plucked from each area. The daily hair growth rate (assessed by photography and by direct measurement of the plucked hair), the density of hairs (number of hairs per surface area assessed by photography), and hair diameter (of the plucked hairs) were determined. The extent of hirsutism was also measured, albeit subjectively, by a modification of the Ferriman-Gallwey method, with each area given a score of 0 (no terminal hairs seen) to 4 (terminal hairs in a pattern similar to that of a very hirsute man). Facial, abdominal, and total Ferriman-Gallwey scores were 1.3 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.9, and 12.5 ± 5.4, respectively. Our results indicated that facial hairs were distributed in greater density and had a greater diameter than abdominal hairs (15.6 ± 14.2 hairs/cm 2 vs 5.4 ± 1.9 hairs/cm 2 , and 84.5 ± 19.5 μm and 66.2 ± 17.5 μm, respectively, P
Response to furosemide in chronic renal insufficiency: rationale for limited doses

Patients with renal insufficiency often undergo therapy with large doses of loop diuretics. We tested the hypotheses that remaining nephrons respond normally to amounts of diuretic reaching them, and that more limited doses than are commonly used are sufficient to reach effective portions of the dose-response curve. In eight patients with creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/min/1.73 m2, the amount of diuretic causing half-maximal response was identical to that in normal subjects, but the maximal response expressed as fractional excretion of sodium was increased approximately 60%. The upper plateau of the dose-response curve was attained with single intravenous doses of furosemide, 120 to 160 mg. In conclusion, remnant nephrons appear to demonstrate an exaggerated response to furosemide. Because maximal response was attained with single intravenous doses of furosemide of 120 to 160 mg, there appears to be no need to administer larger single doses in such patients.
Molecular basis of biodegradation of chloroaromatic compounds

Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons are widely used in industry and agriculture, and comprise the bulk of environmental pollutants. Although simple aromatic compounds are biodegradable by a variety of degradative pathways, their halogenated counterparts are more resistant to bacterial attack and often necessitate evolution of novel pathways. An understanding of such evolutionary processes is essential for developing genetically improved strains capable of mineralizing highly chlorinated compounds. This article provides an overview of the genetic aspects of dissimilation of chloroaromatic compounds and discusses the potential of gene manipulation to promote enhanced evolution of the degradative pathways.
Characterization of subcellular localization and stability of a splice variant of G alpha i2.

Alternative mRNA splicing of αi2, a heterotrimeric G protein α subunit, has been shown to produce an additional protein, termed sαi2. In the sαi2 splice variant, 35 novel amino acids replace the normal C-terminal 24 amino acids of αi2. Whereas αi2 is found predominantly at cellular plasma membranes, sαi2 has been localized to intracellular Golgi membranes, and the unique 35 amino acids of sαi2 have been suggested to constitute a specific targeting signal. This paper proposes and examines an alternative hypothesis: disruption of the normal C-terminus of αi2 produces an unstable protein that fails to localize to plasma membranes. sαi2 is poorly expressed upon transfection of cultured cells; however, radiolabeling indicated that αi2 and sαi2 undergo myristoylation, a co-translational modification, equally well suggesting that protein stability rather than translation is affected. Indeed, pulse-chase analysis indicates that sαi2 is more rapidly degraded compared to αi2. Co-expression of βγ rescues PM localization and increases expression of sαi2. In addition, αi2A327S, a mutant previously shown to be unstable and defective in guanine-nucleotide binding, and αi2(1–331), in which the C-terminal 24 amino acids of αi2 are deleted, show a similar pattern of subcellular localization as sαi2 (i.e., intracellular membranes rather than plasma membranes). Finally, sαi2 displays a propensity to localize to potential aggresome-like structures. Thus, instead of the novel C-terminus of sαi2 functioning as a specific Golgi targeting signal, the results presented here indicate that the disruption of the normal C-terminus of αi2 causes mislocalization and rapid degradation of sαi2.
Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy: An Integrative Review

The occupational therapy literature has been comprehensively reviewed to identify various theoretical answers to the question of what is clinical reasoning. Authors to date have two primary answers to this question, which we labeled scientific reasoning and narrative reasoning. Additional literature addresses the influence of personal and practice contexts on clinical practice. These are labeled pragmatic reasoning and are proposed to be an integral part of clinical reasoning. Pragmatic reasoning considers issues such as reimbursement, therapists' skills, and equipment availability. To be comprehensive, further study of clinical reasoning should include these contextual issues as an inherent part of the clinical reasoning process.
Christianity and Bakhtin

Book reviewed in this article: Ruth Coates, Christianity in Bakhtin: God and the Exiled Author
Urine pH in renal calcium stone formers who do and do not increase stone phosphate content with time

Background. Calcium phosphate (CaP) renal stones appear to be increasing in prevalence, and are caused by high urine CaP supersaturation, which arises from genetic hypercalciuria and high urine pH. Renal damage from stones or procedures, or treatments for stone could raise urine pH; alternatively pH may be intrinsically high in some people who are thereby predisposed to CaP stones. Methods. To distinguish these alternatives we sequenced changes in urine pH and stone CaP content asking which occurs first in patients whose stones showed progressive increase in CaP over time. From 4767 patients we found 62 in whom we could document transformation from calcium oxalate (CaOx) to CaP stones, and 134 CaOx controls who did not transform. Laboratory and clinical finding were contrasted between these groups. Results. Even when patients were forming relatively pure CaOx stones, those destined to increase stone CaP had higher urine pH than controls who never did so. Their higher pH was present before and during treatments to prevent new stone formation. Shock wave lithotripsy was strongly associated with increasing stone CaP but urine pH bore no relationship to number of procedures. Conclusion. We conclude that high pH may not be acquired as a result of stones or their treatments but may precede transformation from CaOx to CaP stones and arise from diet or possibly heredity.
The Complexity of Public Attitudes Toward Compact Development

Problem: The future of compact development depends in part on understanding and shaping the public's attitudes toward it. Previous studies have suggested life cycle, socioeconomic, attitudinal, and ideological dimensions to preferences regarding development patterns, but rarely have all of these factors been examined systematically across a broad, generalizable sample of respondents. Purpose: To examine public attitudes toward compact development, we asked survey respondents to weigh four important tradeoffs between compact and sprawling growth. We assess the relative influence of a variety of individual characteristics on these attitudes. Methods: We use results from two large-scale, randomized telephone surveys, one conducted in California in 2002 and the other in four other southwestern states in 2007. Using logistic regression, we assess which personal characteristics are associated with stated preferences regarding compact development, and illustrate their degree of influence. Results and conclusions...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain

Hemispheric asymmetry represents a cardinal feature of cerebral organization, but the nature of structural and functional differences between the hemispheres is far from fully understood. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging morphometry, we identified several volumetric differences between the two hemispheres of the human brain. Heteromodal inferoparietal and lateral prefrontal cortices are more extensive in the right than left hemisphere, as is visual cortex. Heteromodal mesial and orbital prefrontal and cingulate cortices are more extensive in the left than right hemisphere, as are somatosensory, parts of motor, and auditory cortices. Thus, heteromodal association cortices are more extensively represented on the lateral aspect of the right than in the left hemisphere, and modality-specific cortices are more extensively represented on the lateral aspect of the left than in the right hemisphere. On the mesial aspect heteromodal association cortices are more extensively represented in the left than right hemisphere.
Toxic streptococcal syndrome.

The streptococcal toxic shocklike syndrome is a recently recognized, multisystem disorder that shares many of the features of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, but is caused by toxins elaborated by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus . We describe a patient who fulfilled the major criteria for the clinical diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome (fever, hypotension, multisystem dysfunction, and diffuse macular erythroderma followed by desquamation) and who demonstrated serologic evidence suggesting streptococcal infection. In patients presenting with clinical findings consistent with a toxic shocklike syndrome, the emergency physician should consider streptococcal infection as a potential etiology.
Involvement of brain monoamines in the stimulant and paradoxical inhibitory effects of methylphenidate.

The significance of central noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neural systems for the locomotor stimulant effects of methylphenidate was investigated in the rat. In order to study the role of brain catecholamines, rats were pretreated with reserpine (2.5 mg/kg) followed 24 hrs later by treatment with α-methyltyrosine (25 mg/kg) or U-14,624 (75 mg/kg), a dopamine-Β-hydroxylase inhibitor. In these experiments, methylphenidate stimulated motor activity was antagonized by α-methyltyrosine and enhanced after treatment with U-14,624, suggesting that release of newly synthesized dopamine is important to a locomotor stimulant action of methylphenidate. Evidence implicating brain serotonin in the actions of methylphenidate was obtained in rats pretreated with pargyline or p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Administration of pargyline 1 hr prior to methylphenidate was found to reduce the locomotor activity induced by methylphenidate and this was antagonized by pretreatment with low doses of PCPA. Higher doses of PCPA caused a significant elevation of methylphenidate induced activity which could be reduced by 5-hydroxytryptophan. Destruction of serotonergic neurons with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine also potentiated methylphenidate induced locomotion. These latter findings suggest that serotonergic fibers have an inhibitory function in brain. These results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism by which methylphenidate may act in hyperkinesis.
In vivo drug distribution dynamics in thermoablated and normal rabbit livers from biodegradable polymers

Image-guided radiofrequency ablation com- bined with intratumoral drug delivery provides a novel and minimally invasive treatment of liver cancers. In this study, the in vivo transport properties of doxorubicin in thermo- ablated and nonablated rabbit livers were characterized and compared. Doxorubicin was released from polymer im- plants (millirods) to the ablated and nonablated liver tissue. At different time points, the 2D distribution profiles were quantitatively determined by a fluorescence imaging method. Analysis of the doxorubicin concentration at the ablation boundary showed that it reached a maximum of 49.8 g/g at 24 h after implantation, which was higher than the reported cytotoxic concentration of doxorubicin (6.4 g/g) for liver VX-2 cancer cells. This value dropped to 0.4 g/g at 48 h after implantation due to the depletion of doxorubicin from the polymer millirod. Results also showed that the area of drug distribution was significantly larger in ablated tissue than nonablated tissue. The therapeutic penetration distance was found to be 5.2 mm in thermoablated livers, compared to 1.2 mm in nonablated livers at 24 h. This difference in drug transport properties is attributed to destruction of the vasculature network in the ablated tissue as supported by histological analysis. Consequently, drug washout by blood perfusion is hampered while drug diffusion becomes the dominant process of transport in the ablated tissue. Results from this study provide insightful information on the ratio- nal design and development of polymer millirods for intra- tumoral drug delivery applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodi- cals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 308-314, 2002
How to use the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in paediatrics

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has become a ubiquitously used technique in medicine as a marker of systemic illness. The test involves placing anticoagulated whole blood into an upright test tube and monitoring the rate at which red blood cells (RBC) fall over time. Negative charges keep RBC from sticking together. If this charge is neutralised, RBC stack into chains, or rouleaux, and fall more rapidly. ESR can be measured with a variety of tests: Westergren and modified Westergren; Wintrobe; micro-ESR. The Westergren is the most commonly used method of performing the ESR. Technical factors, such as temperature, time from specimen collection, tube orientation and vibration, can affect the results. RBC size, shape and concentration impact the ESR. Plasma characteristics are also important determinants of the ESR. Other factors that can change ESR include age, sex, race, medications and disease states, such as obesity, hypofibrinogenaemia and congestive heart failure. Other acute-phase reactants besides the ESR include C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, complement, ferritin, plasma viscosity, serum amyloid A and albumin. When clinical suspicion for infection or inflammation is low, a normal ESR can reassure that there is no active disease. The slow rise (48 h) and fall of the ESR relative to other acute-phase reactants may make it superior for monitoring inflammation in more chronic conditions. In conjunction with physical findings and other laboratory values, the ESR value can be used to screen for disease or disease complications, aid in disease diagnosis or assess disease activity or response to therapy.
Mechanism of Start Site Selection by RNA Polymerase II: INTERPLAY BETWEEN TFIIB AND Ssl2/XPB HELICASE SUBUNIT OF TFIIH*

TFIIB is essential for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. TFIIB also cross-links to terminator regions and is required for gene loops that juxtapose promoter-terminator elements in a transcription-dependent manner. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae sua7-1 mutation encodes an altered form of TFIIB (E62K) that is defective for both start site selection and gene looping. Here we report the isolation of an ssl2 mutant, encoding an altered form of TFIIH, as a suppressor of the cold-sensitive growth defect of the sua7-1 mutation. Ssl2 (Rad25) is orthologous to human XPB and is a member of the SF2 family of ATP-dependent DNA helicases. The ssl2 suppressor allele encodes an arginine replacement of the conserved histidine residue (H508R) located within the DEVH-containing helicase domain. In addition to suppressing the TFIIB E62K growth defect, Ssl2 H508R partially restores both normal start site selection and gene looping. Moreover, Ssl2, like TFIIB, associates with promoter and terminator regions, and the diminished association of TFIIB E62K with the PMA1 terminator is restored by the Ssl2 H508R suppressor. These results define a novel, functional interaction between TFIIB and Ssl2 that affects start site selection and gene looping.
Health care workers and disaster preparedness: barriers to and facilitators of willingness to respond

There is limited research on preparation of health care workers for disasters. Prior research addressed systems-level responses rather than specific institutional and individual responses. An anonymous online survey of hospital employees, who were grouped into clinical and non-clinical staff, was conducted. The objective of this study was to compare perceptions of clinical and non-clinical staff with regard to personal needs, willingness to report (WTR) to work, and level of confidence in the hospital‘s ability to protect safety and provide personal protective equipment (PPE) in the event of a disaster. A total of 5,790 employees were surveyed; 41 % responded (77 % were women and 63 % were clinical staff). Seventy-nine percent either strongly or somewhat agreed that they know what to do in the event of a disaster, and the majority was willing to report for duty in the event of a disaster. The most common barriers included ‘caring for children’ (55 %) and ‘caring for pets’ (34 %). Clinical staff was significantly more likely than non-clinical staff to endorse childcare responsibilities (58.9 % vs. 48 %) and caring for pets (36 % vs. 30 %, respectively) as barriers to WTR. Older age was a significant facilitator of WTR [odds ratio (OR) 1.49, 95 % CI: 1.27-1.65]. Non-clinical staff was more confident in the hospital’s ability to protect safety and provide PPE compared to clinical staff (OR 1.43, 95 % CI: 1.15-1.78). Clinical and non-clinical staff differ in the types of barriers to WTR endorsed, as well as their confidence in the hospital’s ability to provide them with PPE and guarantee their safety.
Redox active hemoglobin enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced injury to cultured bovine endothelial cells.

The interaction of cell-free hemoglobin with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is thought to aggravate the pathophysiology of sepsis and/or septic shock. This study examines the possible modulatory role of ...
Community-based dental education at the Ohio State University: the OHIO Project.

In the late 1990s, Ohio’s citizens expressed to the state leadership that access to dental care was their greatest unmet health need. State-sponsored surveys continued to report that certain populations—the poor, disabled, and minorities—experience higher-than-average rates of dental disease and cannot access care. The Ohio State University College of Dentistry sought to respond to this need by securing a $1.5 million grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in 2002 and began an experiment in engagement with community partners unprecedented in its history. As the state’s flagship dental institution, the college committed to a fundamental change in its clinical education of students and began a process of making dental education relevant to our citizens, exposing students to populations they were being trained to help, and bolstering the fragile statewide network of safety-net clinics with providers. This case history offers an operational overview, including some challenges and successes, of one school’s journey in community-based dental education.
Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders in the Thermally Injured

Thermal burns present challenging problems of fluid and electrolyte management. Initially, large volumes of isotonic solutions are required to treat and/or prevent burn shock. Postresuscitation management of intravascular and extravascular fluid volumes, increased water requirements, and the management of minor ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphates, etc.) require a workable understanding of the basic pathophysiology of the burn injury, the complex interaction with treatment regimens, and the differences interposed by age and concomitant disease. Approximately one third of all burn injuries (or one million patients per year) require knowledge of one or more facets of the fluid and electrolyte physiology.
Comprehensive Circuit Failure Prediction for Logic and SRAM Using Virtual Aging

This article develops a comprehensive technique for failure prediction in the field for many-core processors to address wear out in harsh environments for logic and static RAM (SRAM). The authors develop three principles. First, virtually aging a processor by momentarily reducing its voltage exposes wear-out failure. Second, sampled redundancy can be used to capture logic wear-out failures because their underlying fault model is delay faults, which makes them poorly suited for using test-vector-based techniques. Third, wear out on SRAMs decreases their noise margin, and the end results can be effectively modeled as a stuck-at fault, thus allowing asymmetric checkers like built-in self-test to work effectively. The authors' design comprises two components (Aged-SDMR, which combines sampling and dual-modular redundancy, and Aged-AsymChk, which uses an asymmetric checker); has a simple implementation; and delivers low complexity, low overheads, and high accuracy. In addition to ensuring no corruptions or missed errors from wear-out failures, the full system predicts failures within 0.4 days for logic and within milliseconds for SRAM after their appearance. Furthermore, compared to SRAMs protected only with error-correcting code and decommissioned on first failure, the authors extend lifetime by 14 months on average.
Potential Use of Water by Irrigation in the Humid Area

The author reflects on uses of irrigation water in humid areas with consideration to future increases in population and, subsequently, the demand for food.
Angular correlation and reaction mechanism for 11B(p,α)8Be2.9(α)4He with Ep < 1.4 MeV

Abstract The α-α angular correlation from the sequential decay of the 11 B(p,α) 8 Be 2.9 (α) 4 He reaction indicates that this reaction proceeds by compound-nucleus formation of 12 C states of E x , J π = 16.11(2 + ), 16.58(2 − and 17.23(1 − ). For E p = 0.163, 0.675, 1.00 and 1.39 MeV, and for a first-emitted α-partiele angle of 90°, kinematically complete experiments provide observed symmetry axes for the 8 Be 2.9 break-up distribution in its own c.m. system. The axis for each correlation function, when compared to the momentum transfer and recoil directions associated with various possible mechanisms, indicates that compound-nucleus formation is the predominating mechanism at each beam energy. The correlation functions at the resonant proton energies of 0.163, 0.675 and 1.39 MeV are consistent with the capture states having J π = 2 + , 2 − and 1 − , respectively.
LXXXII. On the temperature coefficient of air-cored self-inductances

Summary Butterworth, in his classical paper on the high-frequency resistance of inductance coils, obtained the power losses in the coil wire by evaluating the real part of the complex form of Poynting's Integral taken over the surface of the wire. The imaginary part of the same integral was evaluated by T. J. Douma, who believed thus to have calculated the wattless power exchanged by the “internal” reactance of the coil. However, the penetration of the magnetic field into the conductor alters also the field surrounding the conductor, and it is the total change in the stored magnetic energy which is responsible for the “internal” reactance (i. e. the additional reactance caused by the fact that the resistance of the wire is not zero).
Multiobjective optimization of structure and visual qualities

The paper describes and demonstrates an optimization tool that combines methods developed independently in the fields of structural engineering and fine art. Optimization has a long history in structural engineering. Most commonly, structural optimization seeks a configuration that minimizes material volume, subject to constraints on strength and stiffness. Metaheuristic search methods, such as genetic algorithms, have been widely applied to structural optimization problems. Such methods have also been applied in the field of evolutionary art. This field seeks to produce aesthetic images or objects through an iterative search, guided by visual, rather than functional objectives. The paper presents the Variable Evolutionary Strategy for Pareto Optimization (Vespo), and demonstrates its use to integrate visual objective functions like those in evolutionary art with technical objective functions and constraints in structural optimization. The goal is to aid a designer in developing an efficient structure with desired visual qualities. The work is motivated in part by the prominent trend in contemporary architecture toward randomized, free-form structures.
GE-06IDENTIFICATION OF TARGETABLE MUTATIONS IN RARE PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS BY CLINICAL WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING

INTRODUCTION: Recent genomic studies have provided significant insight into the pathogenesis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, little is known about the genetic events underlying rare CNS tumor types, which often present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The BASIC3 clinical exome sequencing study of children with newly-diagnosed tumors offers an opportunity to investigate the genetic basis of these rare CNS tumors. METHODS: Tumor and germline whole exome sequencing (WES) is performed in a CLIA-certified laboratory on fresh-frozen tumor and matched normal blood samples from children with newly-diagnosed CNS and non-CNS solid tumors. Additional research genomic studies, including transcriptome sequencing, are also conducted with specific consent. RESULTS: 67 children with CNS tumors have been enrolled on study to date, including several rare diagnoses. For example, WES of a malignant epithelioid glioneuronal tumor with two known BRAF alterations (BRAF-V600E and KIAA1549-BRAF fusion) also identified a nonsense mutation in TSC1 (p.Q829X), suggesting the theoretical utility of combined BRAF and mTOR inhibition for this patient. WES of a pilocytic astrocytoma with anaplasia with known KIAA1549-BRAF fusion revealed a pathogenic mutation in ACVR1 (p.R206H), which has been previously reported in high grade gliomas and is currently the target of investigational agents. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor WES has the potential to reveal somatic mutations of biological and clinical significance (for both diagnostics and therapeutics) that are not detectable by standard clinical testing in rare pediatric CNS tumors. Further molecular interrogation of both tumor types is ongoing, including evaluation of additional cases, complementary genomic studies including transcriptome sequencing and copy number arrays, and evaluation of intra-tumoral genetic heterogeneity. Orthotopic xenograft models and cell lines derived from the same primary CNS tumors are being generated to allow for additional biologic and pre-clinical studies as indicated.
Housing as an Index of Social Class

lower than many people assumed before the postwar developments-an important new finding for city planners to consider. But when the basic utilities and means of transportation have not been restored by the community, the "cultural component" alone is not strong enough to bring about the rehabilitation of an area. Devastated areas without utilities still lay waste in European cities.'6 Gradually, from generation to generation, people move to suburbs from central areas. This involves probably some change in their habits. But suburbanites are still linked with the city-socially, culturally, and by their work. A sudden evacuation does not turn urbanites into rural people or villagers. The effect of bombardments upon permanent dispersal has often been overestimated.'7 Permanent population dispersal from large cities and suburbs into small towns or villages would involve a change of habits-a change of the "urban way of life," which only a few people are willing to undergo.
RAT CEREBRAL CORTICAL OXYGEN UPTAKE STIMULATING FACTOR FROM SCIATIC NERVE.

SummaryStimulation of the in vitro oxygen uptake of rat cerebral cortical slices by some factor which diffuses from rat sciatic nerve or the sheath of sciatic nerve during a 2-hour incubation period at room temperature has been shown. The incubation medium used was phosphate buffered, possessing the normal ionic constituents except for calcium and lacking exogenous substrates. The control QO2 determined in this medium was 3.0 with values of 4.9 (P<0.01) and 4.1 (P<0.015) resulting from nerve- and sheath-activated media respectively. QO2 values determined in a well-substrated medium (Krebs III solution lacking calcium) did not show any stimulation. The results of these experiments suggest that both the nerve and its sheath are good sources of an oxygen uptake stimulating material. The nature of the substance is unknown.
The effect of cell-free staphylococcal toxin on the mammary gland of the mouse.

Cell-free toxin from a strain of staphylococcus known to cause mastitis in the cow was inoculated in various dilutions into the mammary gland of the mouse. The undiluted toxin hilled 13 of 14 mice within 48 h. The principal histopathological change was coagulative necrosis of ischaemic origin consistent with the action of alpha haemolysin, a toxin known to be present in the inoculated preparation. A marked leucocyte response was seen at lower concentrations of the toxin. Coagulase activity was absent from the inoculated toxin and there was no evidence of abscess formation in the mammary glands. These histopathological changes were not seen following intramammary inoculation of a sterile culture medium, heat inactivated toxin or toxin neutralized by antitoxin in vitro.
Determining optimum air-void spacing requirement for a given concrete mixture design using poromechanics

AbstractThe frost resistance of concrete is a function of the concrete constituent properties, entrained air-void system parameters and environmental exposure history. However, only a single maximum value for the void spacing factor is specified for all types of concrete by code writing bodies for successful protection against freezing damage. The advent and utilisation of new materials over the recent years warrant reevaluation of the validity of this single pass/fail criteria established more than 50 years ago. Here, a poromechanical model, capable of incorporating concrete constituent properties, environmental exposure and air-void spacing factor, has been used to determine the role of various concrete constituents and air-void system on the damage propensity of concrete exposed to freezing temperatures. It is found that a maximum threshold of acceptance, for instance a 0.2 mm spacing factor, may not be adequate for all concrete mixture designs subject to various cooling conditions. The model also sugg...
Epilogue: Kierkegaard on Christ and Socrates

Kierkegaard mentions the name of Socrates in the Hong edition of his journals and papers well over two hundred times. Some of his remarks revolve around themes familiar from the pseudonymous works, such as Socrates' existential “proof” for the immortality of the soul, the significance of his example for the Christian dialectician, his exemplary use of indirect communication, his attention to the single individual, his negativity, and his emphasis on doing as the proper criterion of knowing. On other occasions, Kierkegaard reflects on the Socratic nature of his own task. “I wonder if it did not go with Socrates in his age as with me,” he muses in a typical entry. “He came to be regarded as representing evil, for in those days ignorance was looked upon as evil – and yet Socrates was in truth the physician.” Yet another significant set of entries explores Socrates' anticipation of Christian existence – a theme that is especially prominent in Kierkegaard's later years. “This Socratic thesis is of utmost importance for Christianity,” he writes in 1850: Virtue cannot be taught; that is, it is not a doctrine, it is a being-able, an exercising, an existing [ Existeren ], an existential [ existentiel ] transformation, and therefore it is so slow to learn, not at all as simple and easy as the rote-learning of one more language or one more system. No, in respect to virtue there is always particular emphasis on the internal , the inward, “the single individual.”
The Folsom Point From The Rising Site, Southeast Arizona

AbstractThe occurrence of a Folsom point 31 miles east of Douglas, Arizona moves the Folsom Culture westward into a region well known for the Clovis Culture.
Algorithm Animation with Galant

Although surveys suggest positive student attitudes toward the use of algorithm animations, it is not clear that they improve learning outcomes. The Graph Algorithm Animation Tool, or Galant, challenges and motivates students to engage more deeply with algorithm concepts, without distracting them with programming language details or GUIs. Even though Galant is specifically designed for graph algorithms, it has also been used to animate other algorithms, most notably sorting algorithms.
Longitudinal monitoring of the head and neck lymphatics in response to surgery and radiation.

Background The lymphatic vasculature provides a route for cancer metastases, and its dysfunction after cancer treatment can result in lymphedema. However, changes in the lymphatics before, during, and after surgery and radiation remain unclear. Methods Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging was performed before and after lymph node dissection and fractionated radiotherapy to assess changes in external lymphatic function. Results Patients who underwent both lymph node dissection and radiotherapy developed lymphatic dermal backflow on treated sides ranging from days after the start of radiotherapy to weeks after its completion, whereas contralateral regions that were not associated with lymph node dissection but also treated with radiotherapy experienced no such changes in external lymphatic anatomies. Conclusion The external lymphatics undergo transient changes during and weeks after lymph node dissection and radiotherapy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1177-1188, 2017.
Incentives and Pay for Performance in the Workplace

Abstract I provide an overview of key developments in the literature on incentive pay and, more broadly, pay for performance (PFP) in workplace settings. These include the shift from a focus on pay level to an increased interest in PFP in economics and management, versus a decreasing interest in PFP and/or increased skepticism about the effectiveness of PFP in psychology. One part of the explanation for differing views on PFP may be that PFP, as actually used in workplace settings, differs from the type of PFP still mostly studied (individual incentive plans that use a formula to determine incentive payouts based on individual physical output) in psychology and, to a lesser extent, in economics. In work organizations, subjective assessments (ratings) and (often multiple) organization level measures of performance (e.g., revenues, profits) are commonly used as the basis for PFP payouts. We describe research on the use and effectiveness of both types of PFP plans with a particular emphasis on merit pay plans, which rely on subjective assessments of performance, given their wide use. We suggest that the types of PFP programs that are more common in US workplaces are less likely to suffer from the drawbacks of incentive pay (defined as individual incentive plans) often identified. Finally, we suggest how future research might better inform our understanding of PFP as used in the workplace.
Cerebellar Abscess with Nocardia: A Rare Diagnosis (P06.206)

OBJECTIVE: We report a case of cerebellar abscess positive for nocardia while negative for diabetes and any pulmonary involvement. BACKGROUND: Nocardia is an opportunistic bacteria that presents with pulmonary manifestations and rarely as CNS involvement. Brain abscess are the more common clinical manifestations of CNS infection, while cerebellar and spinal locations are uncommon. DESIGN/METHODS: A 64 year old male with a history of hypertension presented with progressive left leg weakness and difficulty walking since one week. He denied any unprotected sexual exposure, travel outside the country and any personal or family history of diabetes. RESULTS: MRI brain on admission showed left cerebellar mass with surrounding edema concerning for abscess or neoplasm with metastasis and primary glioma as differentials. CT chest/abdomen/pelvis was done that was negative for any malignancies. Stereotactic biopsy of the cerebellar mass was performed that showed chronic inflammatory and reactive changes with no malignant cells. Cultures from the biopsy grew fine filamentous-beaded branching gram-positive rods and the patient was later started on empirical antibiotics for Nocardial abscess. CONCLUSIONS: Nocardiosis is an infectious disease that should be kept in the differential of any brain abscess, apparently even with immunocompetent and non-diabetic patients. Although CNS nocardiosis is usually a consequence of pulmonary infections, no other nidus of infection was found in our patient. Cerebral nocardiosis is associated with significant incidence of mortality and require a prolonged course of oral antimicrobials to prevent relapse of infection. Disclosure: Dr. Rana has nothing to disclose. Dr. Malhotra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aziz has nothing to disclose.
Analysts’ Forecasts: What Do We Know after Decades of Work?

Sell-side analysts have been the subject of hundreds of academic studies. In this paper, I offer perspectives on the state of our understanding of analysts based on prior academic research. Additionally, several observations are offered, which question how descriptive certain widely held beliefs are in light of the evidence. These observations on the literature serve as both criticisms and suggestions for future research.
Rethinking Riley: Applying Commensurate and Intermediate Scrutiny Standards to Judicial Evaluation of Charitable Solicitation Regulation

In Riley v. National Federation of the Blind, 487 U.S. 781 (1988), the Supreme Court struck down as unduly burdensome and unconstitutional a North Carolina statute requiring professional fundraisers to disclose to those solicited the average percentage of gross receipts actually turned over to the charity for all charitable solicitations conducted in the state within the previous twelve months. The Court applied a strict scrutiny standard of review of the regulated speech, rather than a more deferential intermediate or rational standard of scrutiny. The Court’s reasoning was that the commercial speech elements of the charity’s message were inextricably intertwined with the fully protected educational portions. It also held North Carolina’s regulations governing application of the statute were not narrowly tailored to achieve the state’s valid interests in protecting charities and informing donors how money contributed was spent. This article disagrees with Riley’s rationale that the educational elements in charitable solicitations are always so interwoven with commercial speech that a governmental regulation that impinges on a charity’s message should always be subject to strict judicial scrutiny review, and as a matter of course protected by the First Amendment. (Fraudulent solicitations do not receive constitutional protection.) The reality is that the educational component of many charitable solicitations is formulaic or an afterthought unconnected to the solicitation message. The article contends that if a charity’s costs of fundraising over several years exceeds eighty-five percent of the amount raised, and the actual amount that is used for the charity’s philanthropic mission is miniscule, should create a rebuttable presumption that the charitable program is not commensurate with the resources contributed to the organization. Absent certain exceptions, such organizations should lose their tax exempt status. Judicial review of such revocations should be subject to a lesser, intermediate standard of scrutiny of review by the courts. There are both common law and federal tax precedents for using a commensurate standard in evaluating whether a charity serves a public purpose relative to its resources and abilities. This approach should pass constitutional muster, and will protect the public from deception and manipulation.