cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orthopaedic gifts: opportunities and obligations.

Dr. Swiontkowski, ABC Presidents, ABC Traveling Fellows, distinguished international presidents, AOA members, and guests: I am honored to have the opportunity to address you today. I vividly recall the first meeting of the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) that I attended. I was thrilled when my orthopaedic mentor, Wayne Southwick, asked me to join him and his wife, Ann, as their guest at the 1979 meeting of the AOA at the Dorado Beach Hotel in Puerto Rico. We boarded a minibus at the San Juan airport for the trip to the hotel. A gentleman climbed aboard, spotted Wayne and Ann, and introduced himself: “John Sharrard—I'm carrying the flag for the BOA.” Hmm, I thought, BOA, British Orthopaedic Association. How cool was that? It was difficult for me to imagine that I might someday merit election to membership in the AOA. I feel like Groucho Marx who said: “I would not join any club that would have someone like me for a member.” The prospect of presiding over this organization in the coming year is humbling. I have been the recipient of numerous gifts. I was particularly fortunate to have been mentored at Yale by a wonderful orthopaedic chief, Wayne Southwick, who taught me to love orthopaedics and to treasure the opportunity to influence the lives of those who will follow. I am forever in his debt. He gave me the gift of responsibility. I tried to warrant the confidence he showed in me. I am greatly honored that Wayne is here today. I am grateful to my true-blue friend Kris Keggi who has accompanied Wayne to this meeting. Initially, I planned to speak about my passion, academic orthopaedics. Events have convinced me to shift my focus to consider orthopaedic gifts, a subject that tests our fidelity to the highest principles of …
Assistive Devices For Motor Disabilities

The sections in this article are 1 Prosthetics 2 Assistive Robot Manipulators 3 Wheelchairs 4 Teletheses and Human Extenders: Research Issues 5 Design and Manufacture 6 Conclusion
A comparison of different wormhole routing schemes

Wormhole routing is an attractive scheme for large multicomputer networks. The authors include several such representative schemes and make performance comparisons via simulation on an N/spl times/N torus with nearest neighbor connections. A systematic performance scheme is followed, which shows that among all these 6 algorithms, worm1, a hill-climbing version, has a better performance. worm1, in addition, is simpler in structure and easier to implement. >
Adding spice to software development: a software development approach designed for rapidly changing environments

The Office of Military Applications and Stockpile Support of the Office of Defense Programs (DP-20) within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for managing nuclear materials. Over the last five years, changes at home and abroad have had a dramatic effect on DP-20. The end of the Cold War and the associated treaties have shifted much of DP-20 work from nuclear weapons production to the maintenance of a shrinking stockpile. The declassification of information has required DP-20 personnel to probe into data archived for decades. (You can't declassify information without having the information available.) Finally, the election of a new president has led to the restructuring of DOE and severe down-sizing of DP. These changes, and many others not mentioned, have made DP-20 a rapidly changing environment.
Driver Eye-Scanning Behavior as Function of Pavement Marking Configuration:

Spatial driver eye-scanning behavior and driving speeds were collected along four rural two-lane road test sites under low-beam illumination conditions at night. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that drivers adjust their spatial eye-scanning behavior and their driving speeds in response to pavement marking visibility. Two pavement marking conditions were investigated: (a) low-visibility temporary pavement markings (before condition) consisting of a yellow dashed centerline and no edge lines on a newly paved asphalt surface, and (b) new, fully restored double solid yellow centerlines with white edge lines (after condition). The results suggest that drivers operate with very short preview times and that drivers do not appear to lower their speeds under the low-visibility before condition, as compared with their speeds under the high-visibility after condition. However, drivers systematically and consistently decrease their longitudinal eye fixation distances under the before condition. This s...
The Debye temperature of nickel from 0 to 300°K☆

Abstract A new method of analysis of the specific heat data of ferromagnetic metals is applied to nickel. This method utilizes in a direct manner experimental results of the temperature-dependent saturation magnetization and thereby yields a more realistic estimate of the magnetic specific heat contribution than that obtained from a low temperature T 3 2 approximation. Based on this magnetic specific heat, an estimate of the lattice specific heat contribution is made. It is found that the Debye temperature agrees with that estimated by Rayne and Kemp for temperatures below 150°K, but lies significantly higher in the range 200–300°K.
Acoustics, context and function of vibrational signalling in a lycaenid butterfly-ant mutualism.

Juveniles of the Australian common imperial blue butterfly, Jalmenus evagoras, produce substrate-borne vibrational signals in the form of two kinds of pupal calls and three larval calls. Pupae stridulate in the presence of conspecific larvae, when attended by an ant guard, and as a reaction against perturbation. Using pupal pairs in which one member was experimentally muted, pupal calls were shown to be important in ant attraction and the maintenance of an ant guard. A pupa may use calls to regulate levels of its attendant ants and to signal its potential value in these mutualistic interactions. Therefore substrate-borne vibrations play a significant role in the communication between J. evagoras and its attendant ants and pupal calls appear to be more than just signals acting as a predator deterrent. Similarly, caterpillars make more sound when attended by Iridomyrmex anceps, suggesting that larval calls may be important in mediating ant symbioses. One larval call has the same mean dominant frequency, pulse rate, bandwidth and pulse length as the primary signal of a pupa, suggesting a similarity in function.
The Colletotrichum graminicola striatin orthologue Str1 is necessary for anastomosis and is a virulence factor

Striatin family proteins are key regulators in signalling pathways in fungi and animals. These scaffold proteins contain four conserved domains: a caveolin-binding domain, a coiled-coil motif and a calmodulin-binding domain at the N-terminus, and a WD-repeat domain at the C-terminus. Fungal striatin orthologues are associated with sexual development, hyphal growth and plant pathogenesis. In Fusarium verticillioides, the striatin orthologue Fsr1 promotes virulence in the maize stalk. The relationship between fungal striatins and pathogenicity remains largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that the Colletotrichum graminicola striatin orthologue Str1 is required for full stalk rot and leaf blight virulence in maize. Pathogenicity assays show that the striatin mutant strain (Δstr1) produces functional appressoria, but infection and colonization are attenuated. Additional phenotypes of the Δstr1 mutant include reduced radial growth and compromised hyphal fusion. In comparison with the wild-type, Δstr1 also shows a defect in sexual development and produces fewer and shorter conidia. Together with the fact that F. verticillioides fsr1 can complement Δstr1, our results indicate that C. graminicola Str1 shares five phenotypes with striatin orthologues in other fungal species: hyphal growth, hyphal fusion, conidiation, sexual development and virulence. We propose that fungal striatins, like mammalian striatins, act as scaffolding molecules that cross-link multiple signal transduction pathways.
An overview of results of processes impacting near-surface atmospheric pollutants (PINESAP) from the mid-Atlantic United States

Recent intensive sampling and numerical modeling studies have given insights to the processes driving atmospheric chemistry in the mid-Atlantic region. We summarize the meteorology and air quality measurements conducted as part of the NASA Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from COlumn and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaign and other mid-Atlantic sampling intensives during July 2011. We review the important findings of the work contained within the Processes Impacting NEar-Surface Atmospheric Pollutants (PINESAP) special issue and highlight the importance of intensive sampling campaigns as a means of gaining understanding of atmospheric chemistry in a changing climate.
Lacrimal Sac Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment

Lacrimal sac tumors are uncommon, but noteworthy as they are frequently locally invasive and can result in death. Approximately 750 cases have been reported in the literature over the last century, of which approximately 50–100% were malignant [1–14]. The benign tumors include squamous papilloma, transitional papilloma, fibrous histiocytoma, oncocytoma, and hemangiopericytoma. The malignant tumors include squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma, melanoma, transitional carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, in order of frequency. The most serious malignancies of the lacrimal sac are malignant melanoma and transitional cell carcinoma where the latter is associated with a 100% mortality rate [2]. The recurrence rate can be particularly high for some lacrimal sac malignancies as they can be invasive, multifocal, and located in vital nasopharyngeal regions. For example, the recurrence rate for invasive squamous and transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 50%, with 50% of those being fatal [1, 15]. Clinically, lacrimal sac tumors commonly masquerade as chronic dacryocystitis and often are unknowingly monitored conservatively until far advanced. Therefore, a high index of suspicion, awareness of the clinical presentation, and judicious examination of the lacrimal sac with imaging preoperatively and inspection at the time of surgery are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and to provide proper management.
Sifting Through the Dustbin of Legal Research History

This article looks at eight legal research tools that are obsolete and outdated print and online legal research tools. These obsolete legal research tools helped in the development of modern legal research tools and methods.
Expansive Motions for d-Dimensional Open Chains

We consider the problem of straightening chains ind 3 dimensions, possibly embedded into higher dimensions, using expansive motions. For any d 3, we show that there is an open chain in d dimensions that is not straight and not self-touching yet has no expansive motion. Furthermore, for any > 0 and d 3, we show that there is an open chain in d dimensions that cannot be straightened using expansive motions when embedded into R d [ ; ] (a bounded extra dimension). On the positive side, we prove that any open chain in d 2 dimensions can be straightened using an expansive motion when embedded into R d+1 (a full extra dimension).
Interfacial frictional stresses and fracture toughness of biomorphic graphite/copper interfaces

A fiber push-in test was adapted to measure the interfacial frictional stresses present in wood-derived biomorphic graphite/copper interpenetrating phase composites. Additionally, a sandwich composite was used to measure the interfacial fracture toughness of the copper/graphite system. Results indicate that due to poor wetting of copper on graphite, the surface roughness and extent of mechanical interlocking between the two phases determine the mechanical characteristics of the interface, and that the values are comparable to other metal-ceramic composite systems with limited bonding. A characterization of the mechanically bonded interfaces is vital to understanding load transfer, thermal cycling effects, contact resistance, and thermal conductivity.
Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate

### Calcium #### Overview of Analyte Calcium plays significant roles in cell structural components and biochemical functioning through signaling within and external to the cell. Calcium is essential for normal neuromuscular function and for correct functioning of the coagulation factors. It is the most prevalent cation in the body and is found in the skeleton, soft tissue, and extracellular fluid. In serum, the total calcium concentration is approximately 8.4 to 10.2 mg/dL (2.1–2.6 mmol/L). This calcium exists in 2 different forms, namely, bound and free. The protein-bound form of calcium accounts for approximately 40% of total serum calcium, of which 80% is bound to albumin and the remaining 20% is bound to globulins.1 A total of 10% of the total calcium is bound to small anions, including bicarbonate, phosphate, citrate, and lactate.1 The free, physiologically active calcium (often called ionized calcium) concentration in the plasma is approximately 4.4 to 5.2 mg/dL (1.1 to 1.3 mmol/L). The intracellular cytoplasmic calcium concentration is typically very low in unstimulated cells—approximately 0.1 μM. This is 4 orders of magnitude lower than the serum free-calcium concentration. The cellular machinery is exquisitely responsive to very small elevations in cytoplasmic calcium, making it a highly sensitive second messenger. The amount of serum calcium that is bound to plasma protein can be impacted by a number of factors, one of which is the pH of blood. In a patient with alkalosis, the higher pH allows for greater binding of free calcium to proteins, effectively decreasing the concentration of free calcium. Ionized calcium will decrease 0.16 mg/dL (0.04 mmol/L) with every 0.1-unit increase in pH in patients with acute respiratory alkalosis.2 Scientists have developed various empirical formulae to adjust the total serum calcium measurement according to the serum protein concentration. This method is used to exclude protein effects when interpreting total calcium … [↵][1]* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lbazydlo{at}ufl.edu [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A methodology for determining aerodynamic sensitivity derivatives with respect to variation of geometric shape

A general procedure is developed for calculating aerodynamic sensitivity coefficients using the full equations of fluid flow, where the focus of the work is the treatment of arbitrary variations of geometric shape design varibles. Using an upwind cell-centered finite volume approximation to represent the governing equations, sensitivity derivatives are determined by direct differentiation of the resulting set of coupled nonlinear algebriac equations which model the fluid flow. The technique is implemented and succesfully tested in 2D for inviscid flow (i.e., the Euler equations) through a subsonic nozzle (M, = 0.85), and also a supersonic inlet (M, = 2.0). Specifically, the method is demonstrated by calculating the sensitivity of the aerodynamic loads (forces) on the interior walls of the nozzle / inlet to variations in the geometric parameters which define their shape. The sensitivity coefficients calculated using this approach compare very well with those calculated using the method of "brute force" (i.e., using finite differences to approximate the sensitivity derivatives), and are computationally less expensive to obtain.
Lateral Transport of Solutes in Microfluidic Channels Using Electrochemically Generated Gradients in Redox-Active Surfactants

We report principles for a continuous flow process that can separate solutes based on a driving force for selective transport that is generated by a lateral concentration gradient of a redox-active surfactant across a microfluidic channel. Microfluidic channels fabricated with gold electrodes lining each vertical wall were used to electrochemically generate concentration gradients of the redox-active surfactant 11-ferrocenylundecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (FTMA) in a direction perpendicular to the flow. The interactions of three solutes (a hydrophobic dye, 1-phenylazo-2-naphthylamine (yellow AB), an amphiphilic molecule, 2-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-pentanoyl)-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (BODIPY C5-HPC), and an organic salt, 1-methylpyridinium-3-sulfonate (MPS)) with the lateral gradients in surfactant/micelle concentration were shown to drive the formation of solute-specific concentration gradients. Two distinct physical mechanisms were identified to lead ...
An approximate method for calculating heating rates on three-dimensional vehicles

An approximate method for calculating heating rates on three-dimensional vehicles at angle of attack is presented. The method is based on the axisymmetric analog for three-dimensional boundary layers and uses a generalized body fitted coordinate system. Edge conditions for the boundary layer solution are obtained from an inviscid flowfield solution, and because of the coordinate system used the method is applicable to any blunt body geometry for which a inviscid flowfield solution can be obtained. It is validated by comparing with experimental heating data and with Navier-Stokes calculations on the Shuttle orbiter at both wind tunnel and flight conditions and with Navier-Stokes calculations on the HL-20 at wind tunnel conditions.
Magnetic properties of Co nanochains

Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method, spin and orbital magnetic moments along with the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies (MAE) of linear shape $\mathrm{Co}$ nanochains consisting of two to seven atoms were explored. The MAE and orbital magnetic moments are strongly oscillatory against the size of nanochains. The magnetic circular dichroism sum rules were validated, but the relationship between MAE and the anisotropy of orbital moments was denied for these ultrasmall nanoentities due to large spin-flip contribution to MAE.
Photogrammetric analysis of concrete specimens and structures for condition assessment

Deterioration of civil infrastructure in America demands routine inspection and maintenance to avoid catastrophic failures from occurring. Among many other non-destructive evaluations (NDE), photogrammetry is an accessible and realistic approach used for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of a civil infrastructure systems. The objective of this paper is to explore the capabilities of photogrammetry for locating, sizing, and analyzing the remaining capacity of a specimen or system using point cloud data. Geometric interpretations, composed from up to 70 photographs are analyzed as a mesh or point cloud models. In this case study, concrete, which exhibits a large amount of surface texture features, was thoroughly examined. These evaluative techniques discussed were applied to concrete cylinder models as well as portions of civil infrastructure including buildings, retaining walls, and bridge abutments. In this paper, the aim is to demonstrate the basic analytical functionality of photogrammetry, as well as its applicability to in-situ civil infrastructure systems. In concrete specimens defect length and location can be evaluated in a fully defined model (one with the maximum amount of correctly acquired photographs) with less than 2% error. Error was found to be inversely proportional to the number of acceptable photographs acquired, remaining significantly under 10% error for any model with enough data to render. Furthermore, volumetric stress evaluations were applied using a cross sectional evaluation technique to locate the critical area, and determine the severity of damages. Finally, findings and the accuracy of the results are discussed.
Development and application of light alloy sheet gas forming processes

The main methods,engineering materials and applications of metal sheet gas forming processes were presented.Some special gas forming processes like gas detonation forming (GDF),laser shock forming (LSF),Super-plastic bulge forming(SBF),hot metal gas forming (HMGF) and quick plastic forming (QPF) was introduced,and its outgrowth,development, main process,the key technology and its application was also given.Also,important progresses of the gas forming materials were summarized,such as aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys.Summing up the progresses,the material study and development,high strain rate,low cost and improved properties forming process will be the key characters of the next generation gas forming.
Safety and Efficacy of Autologous and Metabolically Fit Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BM-MSC) in Medically Refractory Crohn's Disease (CD)

of the cases malignant plasma cell have been detected at residual disease levels or higher in stem cell products. Conclusions: Standardized flow cytometric analysis for minimal residual disease (MRD) should be urgently considered for release testing of stem cell transplants in patients with multiple myeloma, since they can identifying biologically aggressive disease with a high risk of early relapse.
Children of Katrina

In dealing with the aftermath of a traumatic event, many of us assume that children need to be coddled because they are young and haven’t yet developed coping skills. Others believe children are re...
Neurokinin 1 and 2 antagonists attenuate the responses and NK1 antagonists prevent the sensitization of primate spinothalamic tract neurons after intradermal capsaicin

1. Activation of neurokinin receptors contributes to the excitation of many dorsal horn neurons by cutaneous sensory stimuli, particularly noxious stimuli. In the present study we investigate the r...
Accumulation and Capital Theory

As Joan Robinson’s views matured, the study of expansion through the accumulation of capital moved more and more to central stage, and she increasingly sought to group other questions around it. Yet it proved a difficult nut to crack. Accumulation has been analyzed by economists in two very different ways, between which she moved uneasily The most common has been to see it as the expansion of the productive potential of an economy with a given technology, which may be improved in the process — this was her basic stance. But it has also been understood as the outright transformation of the technical and productive organization of the economy, an outlook of which she thoroughly approved, but which played almost no role in her analytics.
Cracks in the Edifice

In mid-March 1945, Ankara received a note from the Soviet government announcing its intention not to renew the 1925 Friendship and Neutrality Treaty and demanding military basing rights along the Bosphorus and Dardanelles Straits, the cession of Kars and Ardahan provinces in the east, and lesser territorial adjustments in favor of Bulgaria in the west. For Turkey’s leaders the entente with Moscow, that had formed the basis of their foreign policy since 1920, seemed to vanish like a mirage. After some initial vacillation, Washington responded by unveiling the Truman Doctrine on 12 March 1947 and sending the USS Missouri on a port call to Istanbul two months later. This led to a bilateral treaty between the two countries and, after the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 4 April 1949, to a campaign by the Turkish government to join that security alliance as well.
Electron Tunneling into Superconducting Filaments: Depth Profiling The Energy GAP of NbTi Filaments from Magnet Wires

Squeezable electron tunneling (SET) junctions consisting of superconducting NbTi filaments (extracted from magnet wires) and sputtered Nb thin-film counter electrodes were used to determine the energy gap at the surface of the filaments. The current versus voltage curves of junctions immersed in liquid helium at 4 K were measured for a series of filaments taken from the same wire. Each filament had been etched to remove a surface layer of varying thickness so that the energy gap could be determined as a function of depth into the surface of an “average” filament. It was found that some manufacturing processes yield filaments having surface layers with reduced energy gaps of 0.4 meV compared to measured interior bulk values ranging from 1.2 to 1.3 meV.
ITiCSE review

Its official, ITiCSE 2017, held this past July in Bologna, Italy, with 228 registered delegates, was the third largest in ITiCSE history! For those of you who follow this kind of scorekeeping, the second largest ITiCSE was 2006, when Bologna hosted its first ITiCSE.
Doing History: A Study of Disciplinary Literacy and Readers Labeled as Struggling.

Scholars contend that disciplinary literacy is a productive route for all secondary learners, including those identified as struggling readers, to build knowledge. Relatedly, scholars point to disc...
Hard-Wall Radar Imaging: Localization of Objects Shadowed by Metallic Walls With MIMO Radar

The technology of “through-the-wall radar imaging” enables seeing through walls by reconstructing the image based on backscattered waves passing through an optically opaque dielectric wall. However, when the electromagnetic waves cannot penetrate the shielding walls (such as metallic walls), a problem called “hard-wall radar imaging” (HWRI) must be investigated. As the objects are located in the shadow region, where only the diffracted field can be reflected back via edges, conventional imaging techniques are not applicable. The HWRI problem is an imaging scenario with an intrinsic multipath of signal propagation. Therefore, it has been studied using a model-based time-reversal (TR) decomposition of TR operator imaging method. In this paper, an imaging technique with a distributed transmitting and receiving array is proposed as a robust way resolving the problem with a low signal-to-clutter ratio in TR imaging. In this method, the interelement response matrix is collected for the construction of the covariance matrix, from which the geometry of the hard wall is determined from the direction of arrival by the multiple signal classification techniques. Next, the adaptive interference cancellation technique is applied to suppress the interference terms in the image function due to the multipath effects. The experimental results were obtained from a distributed multiple-input multiple-output radar system and show that this method is useful not only for the detection of a weak object echo but also for the localization of multiple targets hidden behind the wall.
PSA After Radiation for Prostate Cancer

The introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a reliable tumor marker for prostate cancer brought significant changes in the end points used for outcome reporting after therapy. With regard to a definition of failure after radiation, a consensus was reached in 1996 that took into account the particular issues of an intact prostate after therapy. Over the next several years, the consensus definition issued by the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) was used and studied. Concerns and criticisms were raised. The sensitivity and specificity of this definition vs other proposals has been investigated, and differences in outcome analyzed and compared. Although the ASTRO definition came from analysis of datasets on external-beam radiation and most of the work on this topic has been with this modality, failure definitions for brachytherapy must be explored as well. The concept of a universal definition of failure that might be applied to multiple modalities, including surgery, should also be investigated, at least for comparative study and research purposes.
God, Inc.: Hobby Lobby and Religious Freedom

In Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., the United States Supreme Court considered whether Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") regulations requiring employers to provide their female employees with no-cost access to contraception violate the Religious Freedom Restoration Act ("RFRA"), as applied to closely held corporations. Enacted in 1993, RFRA was Congress’s reaction to the Supreme Court's decision in Employment Division v. Smith. RFRA's purpose was to restore the compelling interest test established by the Court in Sherbert v. Verner and Wisconsin v. Yoder. Beginning with Sherbert and continuing with Yoder, the Supreme Court developed a test that required courts to determine whether a governmental action was a substantial burden on a person's sincere religious beliefs; and if so, whether that action was in furtherance of a compelling government interest. Although RFRA unquestionably applied to non-profit organizations, appellate courts split on whether RFRA's protection extended to for-profit corporations. In Hobby Lobby, a divided Court held that closely held, for-profit corporations were "persons" eligible for protection under RFRA; and that the HHS regulations requiring employers to provide their female employees with no-cost access to contraception violated RFRA. As this Note will show, recognizing RPRA protection for closely-held, for-profit corporations is consistent with statutory text, a logical extension of the Court's prior cases, and consistent with legislative history.
Perceptions about Ethical Behavior among Undergraduate Students Attending Religiously-Affiliated Institutions.

By controlling for size and existence of a religious affiliation and gender, this study adds to the literature regarding opinions of undergraduate business students about the ethical nature of both academic and business related actions. Analysis of student survey data from two institutions similar in these characteristics continues in this longitudinal study. After the data were separated by gender, ethical perceptions of male students significantly differed for business-related dishonest acts for those male students who had taken two or more courses in religion, but church service attendance did not seem to have any effect. This may suggest that taking more courses (or having more dialogs) in which moral issues beyond academics are discussed may affect male student perceptions of ethical issues outside the institution.
Is the Maker Movement Inclusive of ANYONE?: Three Accessibility Considerations to Invite Blind Makers to the Making World

The issue this paper addresses is the lack of attention to inclusivity of people with visual impairments in the maker movement. To capture major challenges which blind makers are faced with in makerspaces and to learn how to pursue a more accessible making ecology, three online communities for blind makers (The Blind Arduino Blog; Raspberry VI; and Blind Electronics) have been qualitatively explored based on the autoethnographic approach. As a result, three imperative challenges that need attention in designing inclusive maker tools have been highlighted: (1) inaccessible/undocumented instructions for maker toolkits; (2) a less tangible design of making board; and (3) a lack of multi-sensory modules. Three corresponding practical recommendations drawing from the blind makers’ know-hows along with author’s personal experience as a blind maker, are suggested. This paper contributes to improving the current awareness of accessibility aspects of the maker movement to invite another marginalized group into its discourse.
Family Spirit Nurture (FSN) – a randomized controlled trial to prevent early childhood obesity in American Indian populations: trial rationale and study protocol

Childhood overweight and obesity is a persistent public health issue in the US. Risk for obesity and obesity-related morbidity throughout the life course begins in utero. Native Americans suffer the greatest disparities in the US in childhood overweight and obesity status of any racial or ethnic group. Existing early childhood home-visiting interventions provide an opportunity for addressing obesity during the first 1000 days. However, to date, no evidence-based model has been specifically designed to comprehensively target early childhood obesity prevention. This study is a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of home-visiting intervention, called Family Spirit Nurture, on reducing early childhood obesity in Native American children. Participants are expectant Native American mothers ages 14–24 and their child, enrolled from pregnancy to 24 months postpartum and randomized 1:1 to receive the Family Spirit Nurture intervention or a control condition. The intervention includes 36 lessons delivered one-on-one by locally-hired Native American Family Health Coaches to participating mothers from pregnancy until 18 months postpartum. A mixed methods assessment includes maternal self-reports, maternal and child observations, and physical and biological data collected at 11 time points from 32 weeks gestation to 2 years postpartum to measure the intervention’s primary impact on maternal feeding behaviors; children’s healthy diet and physical activity; children’s weight status. Secondary measures include maternal psychosocial factors; household food and water security; infant sleep and temperament; and maternal and child metabolic status. None of the 20 current federally-endorsed home-visiting models have demonstrated impacts on preventing early childhood obesity. The original Family Spirit program, upon which Family Spirit Nurture is based, demonstrated effect on maternal and child behavioral health, not including obesity related risk factors. This trial has potential to inform the effectiveness of home-visiting intervention to reduce obesity risk for tribal communities and other vulnerable populations and expand public health solutions for the world’s obesity crisis. Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03334266 - Preventing Early Childhood Obesity, Part 2: Family Spirit Nurture, Prenatal - 18 Months; Retrospectively registered on 07 November 2017).
Associations between Walkability and Youth Obesity: Differences by Urbanicity.

Abstract Background: Attributes of the built environment, such as neighborhood walkability, have been linked to increased physical activity and reduced obesity risk. This relationship, however, has...
Do young adults value sustainable diet practices? Continuity in values from adolescence to adulthood and linkages to dietary behaviour.

OBJECTIVE To describe continuity over time in reports of valuing sustainable diet practices and investigate relationships between values, household meal behaviours and dietary intake. DESIGN Observational study. Participant ratings of how important it is for food to be produced as organic, not processed, locally grown and not GM were categorized to represent whether they valued (very/somewhat important) or did not value (a little/not at all important) each practice. Diet quality markers (e.g. fruit servings) were based on an FFQ. SETTING Mailed and online surveys. PARTICIPANTS Young adults (n 1620; 58 % female, mean age 31 (sd 1·6) years) who were participating in Project EAT (Eating and Activity among Teens and Young Adults) and responded to follow-up surveys in 2003-2004 and 2015-2016. RESULTS One-third (36·1 %) of participants reported valuing <2 practices at both assessments; 11·1 and 34·5 % respectively reported valuing ≥2 practices in 2003-2004 only and in 2015-2016 only; 18·3 % reported valuing ≥2 practices at both assessments. Regression models including demographics, parental status and vegetarian status showed that valuing ≥2 practices was associated with preparation of meals with vegetables at least a few times/week, less frequent purchase of family meals from fast-food restaurants, and higher diet quality in 2015-2016. For example, those who valued ≥2 practices consumed nearly one full vegetable serving more than other young adults on an average day and part of this difference was specifically associated with intake of dark green and red/orange vegetables. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the sustainability of food choices as part of public health messaging may be relevant for many young adults.
Association between multiple respiratory viral infections and pediatric intensive care unit admission among infants with bronchiolitis

Abstract Background It is unclear whether multiple respiratory viral infections are associated with more severe bronchiolitis requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. We aimed to identify the association between multiple respiratory viral infections and PICU admission among infants with bronchiolitis. Methods We performed a 1:1 case-control study enrolling previously healthy full-term infants (≤12 months) with bronchiolitis admitted to the PICU as cases and those to the general pediatric ward as controls from 2015 to 2017. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of the respiratory viruses. We summarized the characteristics of infants admitted to the PICU and the general pediatric unit. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to fit the association between multiple respiratory viral infections (≥2 strains) and PICU admission. Results A total of 135 infants admitted to the PICU were compared with 135 randomly selected control infants admitted to the general pediatric unit. The PICU patients were younger (median: 2.2 months, interquartile range: 1.3–4.2) than the general ward patients (median: 3.2 months, interquartile range: 1.6–6.4). Respiratory syncytial virus (74.1%), rhinovirus (28.9%), and coronavirus (5.9%) were the most common viruses for bronchiolitis requiring PICU admission. Patients with bronchiolitis admitted to the PICU tended to have multiple viral infections compared with patients on the general ward (23.0% vs. 10.4%, P Conclusion Infants with multiviral bronchiolitis have higher odds of PICU admission compared with those with a single or nondetectable viral infection.
Julie Sanders. The Cambridge Introduction to Early Modern Drama, 1576-1642 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp xvii, 261.

This review considers The Cambridge Introduction to Early Modern Drama, 1576-1642 by Julie Sanders.
PPSM: A Privacy-Preserving Stackelberg Mechanism: Privacy Guarantees for the Coordination of Sequential Electricity and Gas Markets.

This paper introduces a differentially private mechanism to protect the information exchanged during the coordination of the sequential market-clearing of electricity and natural gas systems. The coordination between these sequential and interdependent markets represents a classic Stackelberg game and relies on the exchange of sensitive information between the system agents, including the supply and demand bids in each market or the characteristics of the systems. The paper is motivated by the observation that traditional differential privacy mechanisms are unsuitable for the problem of interest: The perturbation introduced by these mechanisms fundamentally changes the underlying optimization problem and even leads to unsatisfiable instances. To remedy such limitation, the paper introduces the Privacy-Preserving Stackelberg Mechanism (PPSM), a framework that enforces the notions of consistency and fidelity of the privacy-preserving information to the original problem objective. The PPSM has strong properties: It complies with the notion of differential privacy and ensures that the outcomes of the privacy-preserving coordination mechanisms are close-to-optimality for each agent. The fidelity property is analyzed by providing theoretical guarantees on the cost of privacy of PPSM and experimental results on several gas and electricity market benchmarks based on a real case study demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Scheduled Repeat Cesarean Delivery

A healthy 30-year-old woman, G2P1, presents for a repeat cesarean delivery. Her weight is 78 kg, her height is 1.62 m, and her BMI is 29.7. She has no significant medical history and the indication for her previous cesarean delivery was cephalopelvic disproportion (L-1). The placenta is located in the uterine fundus with no ultrasound evidence of abnormal invasion of the uterus (L-2). Her obstetric course with this pregnancy was unremarkable and she is not in labor. The patient has been NPO after midnight—except for water, which was allowed in small quantities up until 2 hours before surgery (L-3). The patient receives sodium citrate 30 mL po and cefazolin 2 gm IV 15 minutes prior to the induction of anesthesia (L-4). A spinal anesthetic is administered through a 25 gauge needle at L3–4 (L-5) in the sitting position with 1.6 mL bupivacaine 0.75% (12 mg), 25 mcg of fentanyl, and 100 mcg of morphine (L-6). After the intrathecal injection, the patient lies back onto the OR table and is positioned with the uterus tilted to the left (L-7). After the spinal starts to take effect and until delivery, phenylephrine boluses in doses of 25–100 mcgm are used to maintain MAP above 80 mm Hg (roughly 100 systolic) (L-8).
Evaluating geovisualization for spatial learning analytics

Contemporary systems for supporting digital learning are capable of collecting a wide range of data on learner behaviours. The emerging science and technology of learning analytics seeks to use thi...
BLOOD FLOW IN ARISTOTLE

Modern readers view ancient theories of blood flow through the lens of circulation. Since the nineteenth century, scholarly work on the ancient understanding of the vascular system has run the gamut from attempting to prove that an ancient author had in fact, to some extent or another, pre-empted Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood or towards attempting, often with some empathetic embarrassment, to explain the failure on the part of an ancient author to notice something that seems so obvious to the modern eye. Thus C.R.S. Harris's 1973 book The Heart and Vascular System in Ancient Greek Medicine, which remains the standard on the topic, opens with a sentence in which he marvels at how the otherwise admirable ancient Greek physicians could have ‘failed entirely to arrive at any conception of the circulation of the blood’. This modern vantage point has had an unfortunate effect. In the case of Aristotle in particular, understanding of his cardiovascular system has been diminished by a tendency to define it in contradistinction to our own modern understanding of circulation. By deliberately uncoupling from the framework of modern physiology, this paper will offer a richer and more accurate picture of his views.
The United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division Public Roundtable Series on Competition and Deregulation, First Roundtable on State Action, Statutory Exemptions and Implied Immunities, Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University

This comment is submitted in connection with the first session of the Antitrust Division’s Public Roundtable Series on Competition and Deregulation, focusing on statutory exemptions, implied immunities and the State Action doctrine, scheduled for March 14, 2018. The Global Antitrust Institute’s (GAI’s) Competition Advocacy Program commends the Division for inviting discussion on these important issues. The GAI submission reviews the key economic considerations that should guide resolution of the main issues that arise when claims of implied immunity and/or the State Action defense are asserted by those accused of antitrust violations. To improve the public accountability of state government for anticompetitive regulatory policies, the GAI recommends that State Action immunity be restricted or withdrawn when state regulations impose most of their anticompetitive effects on non-residents.
A Bribed Tool of Reactionary Intrigue: Black Panther Ideology and the Rise of A White Lumpenproletariat

The “dangerous class,” the social scum, that passively rotting mass thrown off by the lowest layers of old society may, here and there, be swept into the movement by a proletarian revolution; its c...
NLO-Active Metal-Organic Complexes

This is a copy of the slides presented at the meeting but not formally written up for the volume. Presented is the initial photophysical investigation of a series of transition metals complexed with an organic, two photon absorbing chromophore. This system is capable of a dual-mode nonlinear response. Upon two photon excitation, rapid intersystem crossing generates a long-lived and strongly absorbing triplet excited state capable of further nonlinear absorption via a reverse saturable absorption pathway.
Dose-volume histogram parameters and patient-reported EPIC-Bowel domain in prostate cancer proton therapy.

PURPOSE To analyze rectal dose and changes in quality of life (QOL) measured with the Expanded Prostate and Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) bowel domain in patients being treated for prostate cancer with curative-intent proton beam therapy (PBT) within a large single-institution prospective registry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was collected from 243 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with PBT from 2016 to 2018. The EPIC survey was administered at baseline, end-of-treatment, 3, 6, and 12 months, then annually. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters for the rectum were computed, and rectal dose was analyzed using BED (α/β = 3), EQD2Gy, and total dose. Repeated measures mixed models were implemented to determine the effect of patient, clinical, and treatment factors (including DVH) on patient-reported bowel symptom burden (EPIC-Bowel). RESULTS Treatment overall resulted in changes in EPIC-Bowel scores (baseline score = 93.7), most notably at end-of-treatment (90.6) and 12 months (89.7). However, they returned to baseline at 36 months (92.9). On multivariate modeling, rectal BED D25 (Gy) ≥23% was significantly associated with decline in QOL scores measuring bother (p < 0.01; 4.06 points different). CONCLUSION Rectal doses, specifically BED D25 (Gy) ≥23%, are significantly associated with decline in bowel bother-related QOL in patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. This study demonstrates BED as an independent predictor of bowel QOL across dose fractionations of PBT.
Exploring the necessary complexity of interatomic potentials

Abstract The application of machine learning models and algorithms towards describing atomic interactions has been a major area of interest in materials simulations in recent years, as machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) are seen as being more flexible and accurate than their classical potential counterparts. This increase in accuracy of MLIPs over classical potentials has come at the cost of significantly increased complexity, leading to higher computational costs and lower physical interpretability and spurring research into improving the speeds and interpretability of MLIPs. As an alternative, in this work we leverage “machine learning” fitting databases and advanced optimization algorithms to fit a class of spline-based classical potentials, showing that they can be systematically improved in order to achieve accuracies comparable to those of low-complexity MLIPs. These results demonstrate that high model complexities may not be strictly necessary in order to achieve near-DFT accuracy in interatomic potentials and suggest an alternative route towards sampling the high accuracy, low complexity region of model space by starting with forms that promote simpler and more interpretable interatomic potentials.
Down by Law: Police Officers as Gang Sociology Experts

Are police officers experts in sociology? In California gang trials, they are. Their opinion testimony, as experts in gang sociology, is the only context in California criminal trials in which sociological expert testimony is frequently admitted into evidence. This comment analyzes the commonplace admission of police officer expert testimony in criminal gang trials, and finds several violations of the California Evidence Code. It argues that police officers are not qualified to offer sociological opinions, their methods are unreliable, and their testimony serves as a vehicle to place prejudicial and otherwise inadmissible evidence before the jury.