cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of GuCl2 and CoCl2 Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to visualize the structure of copper chloride and cobalt chloride graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). When the samples are biased negatively with respect to the tip, the images show details of the structure of the intercalant layers, and of its effects on the surface graphene layer. When the sample is under positive bias, symmetry properties of the uppermost graphite planes are revealed. Images of the CuCl2 stage 1 GIC display a hexagonal symmetry in which all the atoms of the graphite surface plane appear. This is in contrast to the three-fold symmetry usually seen in atomic resolution STM images of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), which we also observe on a reference sample of HOPG. The three-fold symmetry is attributed to the ABAB stacking of the atomic layers in HOPG. In GICs, this stacking sequence is interrupted by the layer of intercalate, so that for the stage 1 compound all carbon atoms in the plane become equivalent, and six-fold symmetry develops. For a stage 2 (CuCl2 or CoCl2) GIC three-fold symmetry is expected to persist. Images of the CoCl2 stage 1 GIC, taken with the sample bias is positive with respect to the tip, display a mixed trigonal and hexagonal symmetry, and may be attributable to the fact that the surface of sample is of mixed stage.
On the effectiveness of tailored mesoporous MFI zeolites for biomass catalytic fast pyrolysis

Abstract Optimum catalyst design plays a pivotal role in maximizing catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) bio-oil yield and quality. This work investigates the use of mordenite framework inverted (MFI) zeolites with hierarchical pore structures as potential catalysts to address the aforementioned challenges. Mesoporous MFI catalysts were created using both top-down and bottom-up approaches, were characterized and evaluated as CFP catalysts. CFP with mesoporous catalysts resulted in higher yields to aromatics and lower coke and char yields. The results of this study indicate that there is a maximum amount of mesopore volume required for optimal acid site accessibility leading to increased bio-oil production. After this maximum, intermediate aromatic hydrocarbons continue to polymerize to form bulky poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and coke.
Survey on cognitive function and analysis of associated factors among elders in Shanghai suburb

Objective To investigate the cognitive function among the elderly in Shanghai suburb,and identify the associated factors with cognitive impairment. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among people aged 60 years and above in Qingpu District of Shanghai. Face-to-face interview was conducted to collect the relevant information with prepared questionnaires,including the general condition,history of disease,history of drug usage and the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results Two thousand eight hundred and nine subjects were surveyed,accounting for 73.36%(2809/3829)of the eligible people,among whom 1010 were male (35.96%) with the mean age of (70.72±6.36)years old and 1799 were female with the mean age of (70.45±6.70)years old. The mean CMMSE score for all subjects was 24.37±4.171,and decreased gradually with the age increase. The mean CMMSE scores varied with the education levels:illiteracy,23.25±4.100; primary school,26.93±2.813; and middle school or higher,28.31±2.070. There were significant differences in the mean CMMSE score between male and female (25.93±3.575 vs 23.50±4.229,P0.01). It was revealed by multiple regression analysis that the CMMSE score was related to the education level (b=1.947,P=0.000),age (b=-0.184,P=0.000),gender (b=-1.612,P=0.000) and systolic blood pressure (b=-0.0081,P=0.035). Conclusion Female gender,old age,low education level and hypertension are associated with the high risks of cognitive impairment among the elderly in Shanghai suburb.
Some Reflections on the Building of the Network Station in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

To talk about some experience and reflections in the building and running of the network station in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and to give some suggestions on how to build the network station in CDC.
Altered lipid kinetics in adjuvant recombinant human growth hormone-treated multiple-trauma patients.

Adjuvant recombinant human growth hormone therapy during the postinjury period may improve the efficiency of utilization of body energy stores. In a group of 20 severely injured highly catabolic hypermetabolic adult multiple-trauma victims, we have investigated the basic lipid kinetics of trauma (study I) and its modification after 7 days of intravenous feeding (total parenteral nutrition) with (group H, n = 10) or without (group C, n = 10) daily rhGH (0.15 mg somatotropin.kg-1.day-1) intramuscular injections (study II). Whole body lipolysis rate (2-stage primed constant infusion of 10% glycerol), substrate net oxidation rates (indirect calorimetry), and plasma levels of hormones were determined. Compared with the control group (group C) the treatment group (group H) showed significantly (P = 0.006) enhanced rates of lipolysis and free fatty acid reesterification (10 +/- 2 to 18 +/- 2 kcal.kg-1.day-1, P = 0.05). As a function of resting energy expenditure (REE), a trend of increased net glucose oxidation [32 +/- 10 vs. 56 +/- 7% REE, not significant (NS)] and decreased fat (40 +/- 8 vs. 25 +/- 5% REE, NS) and protein oxidation rates (28 +/- 2 vs. 19 +/- 2% REE, P = 0.007) were also indicated. The simultaneous operation of increased lipolytic and reesterification processes may allow the adipocyte to respond rapidly to changes in peripheral metabolic fuel requirements in injury.
Living Polymerization of Alkynes by Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene Complexes

Organic polymers and oligomers that have conjugated π-systems possess a variety of interesting optical and electrical properties.1 For example, polyacetylene, one of the simplest of such polymers, is highly conductive when doped, particularly when oriented, and possesses a high bulk third-order hyperpolarizability (χ(3)).2,3 The discovery of polyacetylene initiated a search for more soluble polyenes that have most of the desirable properties of polyacetylene, but few of its undesirable properties (among them insolubility and air sensitivity). The most direct way to such molecules is to polymerize substituted alkynes.4 – 6 (Indirect methods include the ring opening polymerization of TCDTF6 (TCDTF6 = 7,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)tricyclo[4.2.2.02,5]deca-3,7,9-triene),8 or substituted cyclooctatetraenes.9,10) Disubstituted alkynes not only are relatively difficult to polymerize, but the resulting polyenes are often white and have few to none of the desirable electrical or optical properties of highly conjugated π systems. Monosubstituted alkynes can be polymerized to polyenes that are sometimes conjugated and soluble. Curiously, the inherent regiochemical problem associated with this polymerization has rarely been addressed in the literature; such polyenes are commonly assumed to be head-to-tail polymers and differences in the degree of conjugation (as measured by λmax) are ascribed to different possible structures (cistransoid, trans-transoid, etc.), rather than regiochemical irregularity. IR and NMR spectroscopy have been the main tools for assigning polymer structure.
Toward a Theory of Psychopathic Behavior

The psychopath presents a problem that is common to both psychiatry and law. Investigation has shown antisocial behavior to be an expression of social isolation or alienation.Failure to socialize and intolerance of adult roles and values characterize the psychopath. Such traits in juvenile delinquents have been traced to altered family relationships and to feelings of indifference or hostility between family members.Reasons for the psychopath's behavior must be recognized and understood before he can be helped. The author suggests research to determine the prevalence of social isolation during the formative years and its effect on acting-out behavior in adulthood.
Effect of High-Frequency Electrical Stimulation of the Claustrum on Sustained Attention in Rats (P4.059)

Objective:High-Frequency Stimulation of Claustrum decreases sustained attention. background: High-frequency stimulation of the claustrum in humans has been reported to induce alteration of consciousness that is reminiscent of the semiology of dyscognitive seizures. The aim of current study is to assess behavioral effect of high-frequency stimulation of claustrum in rats by using operant conditioning task that assesses sustained attention. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=5) weighing 250-390g were food-restricted before starting lever-pressing behavior for sucrose pellets delivered during responding.. They passed each session after stable performance was achieved.then tripolar electrodes were implanted in bilateral claustra and recording electrodes in bilateral hippocampal CA3 regions. The task was repeated with electrical stimulation of the claustra at one current intensity per session (starting 200 µA , increasing by 200 increments to maximum 1000 µA, at 50 Hz, and 0.2-ms pulse width) alternating with days of running task without stimulation. Repeat testing was done stimulating each claustrum separately. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used. . Results: High frequency stimulation of bilateral claustra did not seem to result in gross behavioral changes, but significantly affected the performance on the sustained attention task, with the most prominent decline occurring from baseline (score = 69.4 ± 3.5[percnt]) to bilateral claustral stimulation at 200 µA (score 53.8 ± 1.8[percnt]) (p=0.043). The decline appeared to plateau at 200 µA and did not worsen with higher current intensities. There was no significant difference between performance at baseline and during electrical stimulation of left or right (p>0.05) claustrum individually at 200 µA. Conclusions: The claustrum appears to be important for sustained attention in rats as bilateral electrical stimulation resulted in a consistent decline of performance. Future studies will analyze electrical activity of claustra during various seizure stages in an attempt to study its role in the alteration of awareness that accompanies seizures. Disclosure: Dr. Bayat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jahan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Joshi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tsuchiya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Connell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koubeissi has nothing to disclose.
Phenotype of GABA-transaminase deficiency.

Objective: We report a case series of 10 patients with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–transaminase deficiency including a novel therapeutic trial and an expanded phenotype. Methods: Case ascertainment, literature review, comprehensive evaluations, and long-term treatment with flumazenil. Results: All patients presented with neonatal or early infantile-onset encephalopathy; other features were hypotonia, hypersomnolence, epilepsy, choreoathetosis, and accelerated linear growth. EEGs showed burst-suppression, modified hypsarrhythmia, multifocal spikes, and generalized spike-wave. Five of the 10 patients are currently alive with age at last follow-up between 18 months and 9.5 years. Treatment with continuous flumazenil was implemented in 2 patients. One patient, with a milder phenotype, began treatment at age 21 months and has continued for 20 months with improved alertness and less excessive adventitious movements. The second patient had a more severe phenotype and was 7 years of age at initiation of flumazenil, which was not continued. Conclusions: GABA-transaminase deficiency presents with neonatal or infantile-onset encephalopathy including hypersomnolence and choreoathetosis. A widened phenotypic spectrum is reported as opposed to lethality by 2 years of age. The GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil may represent a therapeutic strategy.
Of Jaguars, Anthropologists, and Cole Porter: Poetry & Revision

The educational purposes of examining the revision process of a specific poem are significant and, to me, profound. It is a specialized teaching tool, one that burrows into the workings of the imagination by encouraging students to ponder specific changes to the various drafts and to discuss them. Such language talk about changes and close reading explicitly reveals those decisive steps that a poet takes in order to allow the real poem to emerge.
Effects of titanium substitutions for aluminum and tungsten in Co-10Ni-9Al-9W (at%) superalloys

Abstract Polycrystalline Co-10Ni-(9 – x)Al-(9 – x)W-2xTi at% (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) alloys with γ(f.c.c.) plus γ′(L1 2 ) microstructures are investigated, where the γ′(L1 2 )-formers Al and W are replaced with Ti. Upon aging, the initially cuboidal γ′(L1 2 )-precipitates grow and develop a rounded morphology. After 256 h of aging at 1000 °C, the precipitates in the 6 and 8 at% Ti alloys coalesce and develop an irregular, elongated morphology. After 1000 h of aging, replacement of W and Al with Ti increases both the mean radius, , and volume fraction, ϕ , of the γ′(L1 2 )-phase from = 463 nm and ϕ = 8% for 2 at% Ti to = 722 nm and ϕ = 52% for 8 at% Ti. Composition measurements of the γ(f.c.c.)-matrix and γ′(L1 2 )-precipitates demonstrate that Ti substitutes for W and Al in the γ′(L1 2 )-precipitates, increases the partitioning of W to γ′(L1 2 ), and changes the partitioning behavior of Al from a mild γ′(L1 2 )-former to a mild γ(f.c.c.)-former. The grain boundaries in the aged alloys exhibit W-rich precipitates, most likely μ(Co 7 W 6 )-type, which do not destabilize the γ(f.c.c.) plus γ′(L1 2 ) microstructure within the grains. Four important benefits accrue from replacing W and Al with Ti: (i) the alloys’ mass density decrease; (ii) the γ′(L1 2 )-solvus temperature increases; (iii) the γ′(L1 2 ) volume fraction formed during aging at 1273 K (1000 °C) increases; and (iv) the 0.2% offset flow stress increases.
Examining Mandarin Chinese teachers’ cultural knowledge in relation to their capacity as successful teachers in the United States

Interest in providing Mandarin foreign language at K-12 schools in the United States has grown steadily since the language was identified as critical to the U.S. finance and social security. However, the shortage of qualified Mandarin teachers is widely recognized as the key bottleneck to building capacity in Mandarin education. Drawing from research on teacher learning and teaching as well as effective bilingual education, this paper highlights a specific challenge that might influence Mandarin teachers’ capacity to carry out effective and successful teaching in the US classroom, that is, their implicit cultural knowledge of teaching. Data from a case study that examined a Mandarin classroom taught by two teachers from Taiwan illustrated how their actual classroom practices were mediated by their understandings of the culture of teaching in Taiwan and the United States. Some fundamental differences between the two cultures embedded in education might account for these teachers’ frustration in teaching and limited language teaching in the classroom. The findings point to the need to engage Mandarin teachers with critical reflection of their own understanding of teaching in their countries of origin and the United States.
The NIST Mise en Pratique for the Realization and Dissemination of the Kilogram as Part of the “New SI”

The International System of Units (SI) will be redefined in 2018 so that the present seven SI base units are realized by a set of defining constants having exact values. For the unit of mass, the k...
Mechanochemical Ablation of Superficial Veins

Endovenous thermal ablation of saphenous vein is currently the standard, minimally invasive treatment of choice for venous insufficiency. The procedure has become increasingly popular as it compares favorably with traditional surgical ligation and stripping with regard to complications and recovery. The recent introduction of nonthermal ablative techniques such as mechanochemical ablation has shown equivalent clinical efficacy with less discomfort by avoiding the use of tumescent anesthesia. This chapter gives an overview of the technique and outcomes of mechanochemical ablation.
Finding Network Communities Using Random Walkers with Improved Accuracy

Finding communities in structural networks (online social networks included) with sufficient accuracy is an important issue. We present a new method to identify communities that are in the same order of time complexity as the existing algorithms. In particular, we present an efficient algorithm using random walkers which, on a given network, generates a new network to better reveal the structures of the original network. We then use existing hierarchical clustering algorithms on the new network to find communities. We carry out simulations on both computer-generated data and the widely-used karate club data [10], and show that our algorithm can identify communities with much improved accuracy.
Physiological arousal among women veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess baseline physiological arousal in women veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a nonresearch setting. Heart rate, blood pressure, sublingual temperature, and weight were obtained from a retrospective chart review of the medical records of 92 women veterans with and without a diagnosis of PTSD who were seen in an outpatient Veterans Affairs medical center. Women veterans with PTSD had statistically significantly higher mean baseline heart rates compared with women veterans without PTSD. The two groups did not differ statistically in blood pressure measures, sublingual temperature, or body mass index. Based on our analyses, this difference is not likely to be an artifact of age, race, body mass index, smoking status, or medication. The mean resting heart rate of women with PTSD was 83.9 beats per minute; it was 77.5 beats per minute in those without PTSD. This elevation in heart rate among women veterans with PTSD suggests an increase in baseli...
Reflections on Reading Robert Pirsig's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance

This essay discusses the author's thoughts on Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, particularly related to femininsm, mind-body dualism, and peace of mind and oneness, especially with respect to technology.
Antineutrino detection based on 6Li-doped pulse shape sensitive plastic scintillator and gadolinium-doped water

The need for sensitive new reactor antineutrino detection methods is discussed. Two new methods are proposed, including a new technique suited for near field detectors unshielded from cosmic ray ba...
Students' understanding of their student model

Open Learner Models (OLM) are believed to facilitate students' metacognitive activities in learning. Inspectable student models are a simple but very common form of OLM that grant students opportunities to get feedback on their knowledge and reflect on it. This paper uses individualized surveys and interviews with high school students who have at least three years experience learning with the Cognitive Tutor regarding the inspectable student model in the Tutor. We also interviewed a teacher. We found that: i) students pay close attention to the OLM and report that seeing it change encourages them to learn; ii) there is a significant discrepancy between the students' self-assessment and the system's assessment; iii) students generally rely on the OLM to make judgments of their learning progress without much active reflection. We discuss potential revisions to the student model based on the findings, which aim to enhance students' reflection on and self-assessment of their own learning.
Rapid and efficient purification of Drosophila homeodomain transcription factors for biophysical characterization.

Abstract Homeodomain transcription factors (HD TFs) are a large class of evolutionarily conserved DNA binding proteins that contain a basic 60-amino acid region required for binding to specific DNA sites. In Drosophila melanogaster, many of these HD TFs are expressed in the early embryo and control transcription of target genes in development through their interaction with cis-regulatory modules. Previous studies where some of the Drosophila HD TFs were purified required the use of strong denaturants (i.e. 6 M urea) and multiple chromatography columns, making the downstream biochemical examination of the isolated protein difficult. To circumvent these obstacles, we have developed a streamlined expression and purification protocol to produce large yields of Drosophila HD TFs. Using the HD TFs FUSHI-TARAZU (FTZ), ANTENNAPEDIA (ANTP), ABDOMINAL-A (ABD-A), ABDOMINAL-B (ABD-B), and ULTRABITHORAX (UBX) as examples, we demonstrate that our 3-day protocol involving the overexpression of His6-SUMO fusion constructs in E. coli followed by a Ni2+-IMAC, SUMO-tag cleavage with the SUMO protease Ulp1, and a heparin column purification produces pure, soluble protein in biological buffers around pH 7 in the absence of denaturants. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) confirm that the purified HD proteins are functional and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra confirm that the purified HDs are well-folded. These purified HD TFs can be used in future biophysical experiments to structurally and biochemically characterize how and why these HD TFs bind to different DNA sequences and further probe how nucleotide differences contribute to TF-DNA specificity in the HD family.
ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC REGURGITATION: A 20 YEAR FOLLOW UP IN 756 PATIENTS

Aortic regurgitation (AR) results in a state of left ventricular (LV) pressure and volume overload leading to LV remodeling and dysfunction. Hence, we investigated the potential effect of vasodilator therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockade (ACEI) on long
Daniel M. Rohrer and the Fulton Debate Society: A Personal Memoir.

A little known aspect of Rohrer's contribution to forensic education was his work with the Fulton Debates, the public debate division of the program he directed at Boston College. This essay descri...
Narrative medicine: A useful approach for difficult conversations.

6Background: Narrative medicine (NM) is acknowledged as an effective approach for valuing patient and provider experiences. The NM approach requires developing narrative competence to “recognize, a...
Development of a Respiratory Support Score as a Visualization Tool in Intensive Care

BACKGROUND: In the modern era, many devices exist to support patients with respiratory insufficiency. There is currently no way to depict changes in the degree of support a patient is receiving over time. METHODS: We enrolled 4,889 subjects undergoing 5,732 cardiac surgical visits between 2011 and 2017 and extracted data elements related to respiratory support from the electronic medical record. We created an algorithm to use these data to categorize a subject9s respiratory support type and to calculate an empirically derived respiratory support score (RSS) at each postoperative minute; the RSS is scored on a scale of 0 to 100. The RSS was then used to identify the timing and incidence of nonprocedural re-intubations, which were electronically verified against secondary verification fields (eg, nursing extubation note). Rates of nonprocedural re-intubations and noninvasive ventilation were compared between surgical mortality risk scores (STAT scores). RESULTS: Computerized assignment of RSS was performed for 3 million subject time points. Mechanical ventilation duration varied significantly by STAT score (P CONCLUSIONS: Elements of respiratory support can be automatically extracted and transformed into a numerical RSS for visualization of respiratory course. The RSS provides a clear visual depiction of respiratory care over time, particularly in subjects with a complex ICU course. The score also allows for the automated adjudication of meaningful end points, including timing of extubation and incidence of nonprocedural re-intubation.
Chapter III – Space Perception

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses space perception in nonhuman primates. The study conducted four types of studies pertaining to the perception of space: (1) perception of object size, (2) perception of the vertical, (3) perceptual constancy, and (4) responses to complex, conflicting cues of space. Objects differ in relative size, shape, and tilt. The first specific dimension of spatial perception one considered was judgment of height. The chapter describes seven experiments, which were conducted to examine the cues monkeys employ in discriminating tilt from vertical and the relative potency of the cues of tilt, size, and color. Objects familiar to human beings tend to retain their sizes and shapes despite changing distance and angle of viewing. Mistaken identification of size or distance may lead to remarkable errors of judgment. The perception of constant size depends on accurate perception of distance, and errors in size judgments increase as the number of reliable cues of distance decrease. A person who does not employ distance cues depends entirely on cues provided by visual angle to judge size. Objects are continually approaching and receding as animals move about or are fed, watered, carried, and so on.
Risk of Early Birth among Women with a Urinary Tract Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the risk of preterm birth (PTB, Methods The primary sample was selected from births in California between 2011 and 2017. UTIs were identified from the ED or hospital discharge records. Risk of PTB, by subtype, and early term birth were evaluated by trimester of pregnancy and by type of visit using log-linear regression. Risk ratios were adjusted for maternal factors. Antibiotic usage was examined in a population of privately insured women from Iowa. Results Women with a UTI during pregnancy were at elevated risk of a birth Conclusion UTIs are associated with early birth. This association is present regardless of the trimester of pregnancy, type of PTB, and antibiotic treatment.
CAP-RAM: A Charge-Domain In-Memory Computing 6T-SRAM for Accurate and Precision-Programmable CNN Inference

A compact, accurate, and bitwidth-programmable in-memory computing (IMC) static random-access memory (SRAM) macro, named CAP-RAM, is presented for energy-efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) inference. It leverages a novel charge-domain multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) mechanism and circuitry to achieve superior linearity under process variations compared to conventional IMC designs. The adopted semi-parallel architecture efficiently stores filters from multiple CNN layers by sharing eight standard 6T SRAM cells with one charge-domain MAC circuit. Moreover, up to six levels of bit-width of weights with two encoding schemes and eight levels of input activations are supported. A 7-bit charge-injection SAR (ciSAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) getting rid of sample and hold (S&H) and input/reference buffers further improves the overall energy efficiency and throughput. A 65-nm prototype validates the excellent linearity and computing accuracy of CAP-RAM. A single $512\times 128$ macro stores a complete pruned and quantized CNN model to achieve 98.8% inference accuracy on the MNIST data set and 89.0% on the CIFAR-10 data set, with a 573.4-giga operations per second (GOPS) peak throughput and a 49.4-tera operations per second (TOPS)/W energy efficiency.
Blunted peripheral but not cerebral vasodilator function in young otherwise healthy adults with persistent symptoms following COVID-19.

This study was the first to investigate the persistent effects of COVID-19 on vascular function in otherwise healthy young adults. We demonstrated that peripheral macrovascular and microvascular va...
Radiation-Associated Sarcoma of the Head and Neck: Incidence, Latency, and Survival.

Objectives/hypothesis Radiation-associated sarcomas of the head and neck (RASHN) are known but rare sequelae after radiation for squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to characterize RASHN, estimate the risk of RASHN in head and neck squamous cell patients after therapeutic radiation, and compare their survival to that of patients with de novo sarcomas of the head and neck (dnSHN). Study design Retrospective database analysis. Methods RASHN and dnSHN cases were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database to identify risk factors and calculate incidence and latency. Survival was compared between RASHN and dnSHN. Results The risk of RASHN was 20.0 per 100,000 person-years. The average latency period was 124.2 months (range 38-329). The cumulative incidence of RASHN at 20 years was 0.13%. Oral cavity and oropharynx primaries demonstrate increased risk. Five-year overall survival of RASHN was 22.4% compared to 64.5% for dnSHN. Conclusions RASHN are confirmed to be rare. RASHN have poor overall survival and worse survival compared to dnSHN. The impact of intensity-modulated radiation therapy protocols on this risk is unknown. Modifiable risk factors of smoking and alcohol consumption continue to dwarf radiation therapy as risk factors of second primary head and neck cancers. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Frequentist Interpretation of Probability

If the outcome of an event is observed in a large number of independent repetitions of the event under roughly the same conditions, then it is a fact of the real world that the frequency of the outcome stabilizes as the number of repetitions increases. If another long sequence of such events is observed, the frequency of the outcome will typically be approximately the same as it was in the first sequence.
Matching and stabilization of the unicycle with rider

In this paper we apply matching techniques for controlled Lagrangians to the stabilization problem of a nonholonomic system consisting of a unicycle with rider. We show how generalized matching results may be applied to the Routhian associated with this nonholonomic system.
Reframing Ethnicity: Academic Tropes, Recognition beyond Politics, and Ritualized Action between Nepal and India

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork across the Himalayan borders of Nepal and India, I revisit disciplinary debates about ethnicity. I focus on the expressive production of ethnic consciousness among members of the Thangmi (Thami) community in a context of high cross-border mobility. I argue that ethnicity is the result not only of the prerogatives of state control or market forces but also of a ritual process through which identity itself is produced as a sacred object that binds together diverse members of the collectivity. Thangmi participation in a range of ritualized actions demonstrates how mobility across national borders yields a high level of self-consciousness about the efficacy of each form of action as well as of the frames within which action unfolds. Ethnicity may be understood simultaneously as a historically contingent process and a wellspring of affectively real cultural content, enabling us to make better sense—in both scholarly and political terms—of emergent ethnic claims in South Asia and beyond.
Association between body weight and composition and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in the Diabetes Prevention Program

We examined associations between body weight and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25OHD) in prediabetes and sought to estimate the impact of adiposity on these associations. The study was conducted in the placebo (n = 1082) and intensive lifestyle (n = 1079) groups of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a multicenter trial to prevent type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes. Weight and 25OHD were measured at baseline, month 6, years 1 and 2. In a subset (n = 584), visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adiposity were assessed by computed tomography at baseline and year 1. In cross-sectional analyses, baseline body weight, total fat, VAT, and SAT were inversely associated with plasma 25OHD concentration after multivariable adjustment. VAT accounted for 40 % [95 % CI 11, 69] of the association of body weight with plasma 25OHD concentration. There was no significant contribution by total fat or SAT. Two-year changes in plasma 25OHD concentration varied inversely with changes in body weight (p < 0.0001). One-year changes in total fat, VAT, or SAT were not significant mediators of the association between change in plasma 25OHD concentration and body weight. Our study found an inverse association between body weight and plasma 25OHD concentration at baseline and over a 2-year period in adults with prediabetes. These findings in the DPP, a weight loss intervention study, raise the possibility that weight loss increases plasma 25OHD concentration. Whether adiposity mediates this association remains inconclusive.
Fixed points on model solvmanifold pairs

In this paper we define model solvmanifold pairs and their diagonal type selfmaps in the tradition of Heath and Keppelmann. We derive an explicit formula for computing the relative Nielsen number N(F;X,A) on these spaces and selfmaps F:(X,A)?(X,A). We find that model solvmanifold pairs often exhibit interesting Schirmer theory, meaning N(F;X,A)>max{N(F),N(FA)}.
Airfoil boundary layer measurements at low Re in an accelerating flow from a nonzero velocity

The effects of an accelerating freestream from a nonzero velocity on the transitional separation bubble characteristics were investigated quantitatively. Hot wire anemometry was used to determine the boundary layer velocity profile repsonse to the acceleration at selected chordwise locations on a Wortmann FX 63-137 airfoil at 7 ° angle of attack. Both positive and negative accelerations were studied from base chord Reynolds number of 100,000 and 150,000, respectively. The purpose of this experiment was to verify the trends witnessed in previous research concerning a sinusoidally oscillating freestream velocity by uncoupling the accelerating and decelerating boundary layer effects. The experimental results indicate that as a result of a freestream acceleration, the separation bubble position shifts in the direction opposite to the chordwise direction it would move for a quasi-steady velocity change. The transition location was more responsive to the acceleration than was the separation position. This supports the oscillating freestream experiment conclusions.
A Dilution Stack Sampler for Collection of Organic Aerosol Emissions: Design, Characterization and Field Tests

A dilution stack sampler specifically intended to collect fine organic aerosol from combustion sources while minimizing sample contamination has been designed and tested. The sampler simulates the cooling and dilution processes that occur in the plume downwind of a combustion source, so that the organic compounds which condense under ambient conditions will be collected as particulate matter. The special features of this sampler are described in detail, and compared with other stack sampling systems. The results of both laboratory and field tests of the system are discussed. Collection of organic aerosol using this sampler is compared with collection using EPA Method 5.
Patient perceptions of an outpatient palliative care intervention:: “It had been on my mind before, but I did not know how to start talking about death…”

Little is known about whether introducing palliative care to seriously ill outpatients continuing to pursue treatment of their disease is acceptable or beneficial to patients. Intervention patients in a trial of outpatient palliative care consultation completed structured exit interviews as part of a qualitative study. Participants had advanced heart or lung disease or cancer, and a life expectancy between 1 to 5 years as estimated by their primary care physician (PCP). Thirty-five of 50 intervention patients (70%) completed the final interview. Twenty-one patients (60%) reported that the team uncovered previously undiagnosed medical problems, 12 patients (34.3%) reported decreased primary care visits, and 8 (22.9%) reported avoiding emergency department visits. Most patients reported improved satisfaction with family caregivers (85.7%), PCPs (80%), and the medical center (65.7%). Most patients (68.6%) would have wanted the intervention even earlier in the course of their illness. Seriously ill outpatients found palliative care acceptable and helpful, reporting increased satisfaction and decreased health care utilization.
Costs of treatment and outcomes associated with second-line therapy and greater for relapsed ovarian cancer

Abstract Objective . Most women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) will develop disease progression or recurrence with resistance to platinum therapy. We report overall costs and treatment outcomes associated with topotecan or gemcitabine administration in platinum- and paclitaxel-resistant EOC patients. Methods . Patients who received topotecan ( n = 51) or gemcitabine ( n = 56) as second-line therapy or greater for platinum- and paclitaxel-resistant EOC were retrospectively identified. Per patient costs for each regimen were determined and compared. Results . The mean total direct cost per cycle per patient of gemcitabine was $2732.28, with a median total direct cost per cycle of $1382.73. The mean total direct cost per cycle per patient of topotecan was $7832.07, with a median total direct cost per cycle of $4219.02. By comparison of the means, total direct cost per cycle per patient was significantly more expensive for topotecan ( P = 0.001). Fifty-six patients received a total of 415 cycles of gemcitabine, median 5 cycles per patient (range, 1–59). Thirteen (23.2%; 95% CI, 11.9–34.5%) of 56 patients displayed clinical benefit, with median PFS of 1.8 months and median overall survival (OS) of 8.2 months. Fifty-one patients received topotecan, for a total of 264 cycles, median 4 cycles per patient (range, 1–42). Twenty-eight (56%; 95% CI, 42.0–70.0%) of 50 patients achieved clinical benefit, with PFS and OS medians of 3.6 and 16.8 months, respectively. Conclusion . Gemcitabine and topotecan are active agents in heavily pretreated, platinum- and paclitaxel-resistant EOC patients. Topotecan was more costly to deliver. Although a larger percentage of patients received clinical benefit with topotecan use, this likely reflects physician selection for use of topotecan earlier in the course of disease.
An assessment of active versus passive methods for obtaining parental consent.

This study provides new information on how passive and active consent methods work in practice. Based on results from two junior high schools, we found that (1) almost all parents received consent packages sent by regular first-class mail, but getting them to pay attention to the materials often required additional communication methods, (2) nonresponse to passive consent typically reflected conscious parental approval, (3) nonresponse to active consent generally signified latent consent, not a deliberate refusal, and (4) vigorous retrieval methods substantially raised active consent response rates, but at a high cost in time and money. These findings suggest that passive consent can provide a viable alternative to active consent when supplemented by appropriate backup and privacy safeguard measures.
Cytoskeleton-associated Pr65gag and assembly of retrovirus temperature-sensitive mutants in chronically infected cells.

Abstract Certain temperature-sensitive ( ts ) mutants of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) were observed to be defective in virus assembly. These mutants also accumulated intracellular core protein precursor, Pr65 gag , at 39°, the nonpermissive temperature. At 39°, virions released from cells infected with the various is mutants also contained elevated levels of Pr65 gag relative to virions released at 33°, the permissive temperature. Detergent extraction of pulse-labeled cells with Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) generated an NP-40-insoluble cytoskeleton-enriched fraction. Reextraction of this fraction with deoxycholate followed by gel electrophoresis of solubilized, immunoprecipitated viral proteins showed that in Moloney MuLV (Mo-MuLV) ts 3-infected cells, and in Rauscher MuLV (R-MuLV) ts 17- and ts 24-infected cells, increased amounts of intracellular viral Pr65 gag rapidly become associated with the cytoskeleton-enriched fraction during pulse labeling at nonpermissive temperature. Furthermore, examination of cell extracts from chase-incubated cells infected with these ts mutants revealed that Pr659 gag accumulated in the cytoskeleton-enriched fraction at 39° but not at 33°. During steady-state labeling, as much as half of the intracellular Pr65 gag becomes associated with the cytoskeleton-enriched fraction (i.e., is not solubilized by NP-40) at 39°. At permissive temperature only 10–15% of the intracellular Pr65 gag is cytoskeleton associated. In contrast, cells infected with R-MuLV ts 25 or ts 26 showed little or no preferential localization of Pr65 gag in the cytoskeleton-enriched cell fraction during a short pulse at 39°, but Pr65 gag accumulated in both the NP-40-soluble and -insoluble fractions during a chase incubation relative to the condition at 33°. Based upon these and previous results (Edbauer and Naso,1983), models for retrovirus assembly are described in which the association of Pr65 gag with the cell membrane and cytoskeleton plays a critical role in virus assembly, budding, and postbudding maturation.
Development of the Syncytial Endosperm of Cocos nucifera

DUTT1 has recently summarized her investigations on nuclear behaviour in the developing endosperm of Cocos nucifera. Several of her observations are at variance with statements we have previously made2,3 and with some of our more recent findings4. Since these divergent opinions arise in part from a difference in terminology and in part from misinterpretations of the anatomical structure of the coconut, we wish to present several points to clarify this matter.
Perceptions of Women’s Sexuality Within the Context of Motherhood

For women, the transition to motherhood is often a time period filled with excitement, changes, and challenges. Mothers often face changes in their own sexuality in their adjustment to motherhood. ...
Correlation measurement and identification--A novel approach

A novel system is discussed for measuring the auto-correlation R(\tau) of a random process. The system consists of a scaling device and a filter whose output equals R(bt) . Thus, R(\tau) is determined not by a succession of discrete values but as a continuous signal in real time. It is also shown that the instrument can be used to determine the impulse response y(t) of a dynamic system N . The unknown response y(t) is exhibited as a continuous signal.
Chemotaxis of skeletal muscle satellite cells

Migration of myogenic cells occurs extensively during both embryogenesis and regeneration of skeletal muscle and is important in myoblast gene therapy, but little is known about factors that promote chemotaxis of these cells. We have used satellite cells from adult rats purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation to test growth factors and wound fluids for chemotactic activity in blind-well Boyden chambers. Of a variety of growth factors tested only hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) exhibited significant chemotactic activity. The dose-response curves for both of these factors was bell-shaped with maximum activity in the 1-10 ng/ml range. Checkerboard analysis of TGF-beta showed that chemotaxis occurred only in response to a positive concentration gradient. An extract of rat platelets also exhibited chemotactic activity for satellite cells. Half-maximal activity of this material was about 3 micrograms/ml, and there was no evidence of inhibition of migration at high concentrations. Checkerboard analysis of platelet extract exhibited evidence of both chemotaxis and chemokinesis, or increase in random motility of cells. Inhibition experiments showed that most, but not all, of the chemotactic activity in platelet extract could be blocked with a neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta. A saline extract of crushed muscle was found to contain both mitogenic and motogenic factors for satellite cells. The two activities were present in different fractions after heparin affinity chromatography. We propose that the proliferation and migration of satellite cells during regeneration is regulated by overlapping gradients of several effector molecules released at the site of muscle injury. These molecules may also be useful for enhancing the dispersion of injected myoblasts during gene therapy.
Amino acid coding in Sarcina lutea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Aminoacyl-tRNA9s from Sarcina lutea were tested for incorporation into protein in a heterologous system from Escherichia coli or for biniding in a homologous system from Sarcina lutea. Aminoacyl-tRNA9s from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were tested for biniding in a homologous Saccharomyces cerevisiae system. Synthetic polyribonucleotides were used as messengers. The code which exists in Sarcina lutea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the same as in Escherichia coli.
Learning Violence and Unviolence in Religious Education

In this article I begin to articulate a way of thinking about religious education and violence. The exercise surprised me. I had not realized how my struggles to make sense of violence had influenc...
Sedation in brainstem response audiometry

Summary In many children, sedation is virtually essential for reducing myogenic interference during brainstem response (BSR) audiometry. The most widely accepted sedative for young children is chloral hydrate. Children who are tired before the sedation is given fall asleep much more quickly with sedation, and in turn, require fewer doses of chloral hydrate. Instructing the parents to keep the child tired has produced significant increases in percent of those sleeping after the first dose ( z = 2.08, P
Chromatography of Gibberellins on Silica Gel Partition Columns

ALTHOUGH there are many chromatographic methods for separating the various gibberellins from each other, there appears to be no report of the use of silica gel partition columns. Columns are more useful for preparative separations than thin layer and paper chromatographic methods. Methods using absorption columns made with charcoal and silicic acid have been described1,2. Partition columns are usually considered to provide especially mild conditions for chromatography, which may be important with compounds that tend to be somewhat labile, such as the gibberellins.
Applying DHI/AVO Best Practices to Successfully Identify Key Risks Associated with a Fizz-Water Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator in the Norwegian Sea

Several years ago ExxonMobil developed a best practice process to evaluate and understand risk in DHIdependent plays. Within this best practice, a robust processing stream, rigorous analysis process, and a calibrated DHI-rating system using both DHI and data quality characteristics were designed. The rating system provides a valuable structure for evaluating DHI quality on a risk analysis basis. The example presented shows how applying best practices can help identify the key risks prior to drilling the first well in a frontier basin in the Norwegian Sea. Using our best practice methodology the main risk identified was low gas saturation (fizzwater), even though no low gas saturated sands were previously encountered in the area. Subsequent drilling confirmed our prediction. In this talk we will summarize our pre-drill analysis and share learnings from the drill well results.
Passive Fully Polarimetric W-Band Millimeter-Wave Imaging

We present the theory, design, and experimental results obtained from a scanning passive W-band fully polarimetric imager. Passive millimeter-wave imaging offers persistent day/nighttime imaging and the ability to penetrate dust, clouds and other obscurants, including clothing and dry soil. The single-pixel scanning imager includes both far-field and near-field fore-optics for investigation of polarization phenomena. Using both fore-optics, a variety of scenes including natural and man-made objects was imaged and these results are presented showing the utility of polarimetric imaging for anomaly detection. Analysis includes conventional Stokes-parameter based approaches as well as multivariate image analysis methods.