cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Conduction as a Cause of Dielectric Absorption

The paper describes a series of experiments on the fundamental electrical properties of a number of waxes and oils, such as are used in composite high-voltage insulation. Particular attention has been directed to dielectric absorption as the origin of dielectric loss and the probable cause of deterioration and short life. The relation of the properties of the constituent parts to the properties of mixtures has been examined, with special reference to purification methods and the influence of small amounts of impurities. The studies have also afforded opportunity to test the validity of certain existing theories of absorption and loss. The method of experiment is the recording of short time absorption curves by means of the string galvanometer. Charge and discharge curves have been traced from a small fraction of a second following the beginning of charge or discharge, these curves having been brought much nearer to their beginnings than any heretofore recorded. It is this region near the beginning of these phenomena, which is most important in its bearing on dielectric loss. The principal results are summarized at the end of the paper, among the most striking being: (a) The extensive evidence that dielectric absorption is purely a conduction phenomenon; (b) The conductivity of dielectrics is highly anomalous in character, sometimes increasing, sometimes decreasing with increases in voltage and temperature. Absorption always follows the conductivity in these changes.
Laser action in singly ionized krypton and xenon

Laser oscillation has been observed in pulsed krypton and xenon discharges on 21 wavelengths spanning the visible portion of the spectrum. All lines observed arise from transitions between levels of the singly-ionized state of the atoms (KrII, XeII spectra). The wavelengths and tentative level assignments are given in Table I for krypton and Table II for xenon. Oscillation between energy levels of ions has previously been reported for mercury [1] and argon [2]. The levels reported here are analogous to those observed in argon. The xenon transitions are all s → p or s’ → p’, while the krypton transitions are predominantly of this type, but include one p → d two p’ → d.
Activation of pain pathways in animals

In analyzing the anatomy and physiology of sensory systems it is often necessary that one activate the particular system being studied with appropriate stimulation. In experiments where this is necessary, the stimulation presented should be specific to the sensory system under study. With the pain system, however, this is most difficult since most stimuli that activate pain pathways also activate other pathways such as those that mediate touch and pressure sensations. It is also helpful to have available a stimulation technique that can be used in both acute experiments and long term neurophysiological and behavioral experiments. For investigation of the anatomical substrates of pain perception, a technique has been developed for implantation of bipolar electrodes in the teeth of cats that permits one to stimulate the tooth pulp in acute or chronic preparations, and, thus, to activate a pain pathway exclusively and directly. This technique provides a stimulus that is readily quantifiable, easily controlled, entirely nociceptive in character, and which can be used in a wide variety of situations.
The use of Taylor series to test accuracy of function programs

This paper discusses the use of local Taylor series expansions for determining the accuracy of computer programs for special functions. The main example is testing of programs for exponential integrals. Additional applicaitons include testing of programs for certain Bessel functions, Dawson's integral, and error functions.
Assessing the Linkage of Norms, Environments, and Deviance

Panel data from a study of adolescent drinking practices are used to study the relationship of norms, deviance, and social environments. Using these data, a test is made of contrasting perspectives which differentially emphasize the extent of individual activity in the construction and maintenance of social order. The normative paradigm emphasizes the impact on individual behavior of normative structures and the groups with which individuals have affiliated themselves. The interpretive paradigm emphasizes the extent to which norms and group affiliations can be changed to support behavior which the individual has found rewarding. The results indicate that elements of both perspectives are applicable in the case of drinking among first-year college students. Norms influence both one's own drinking behavior and through a process of selection that of one's five best friends; and whether one drinks influences both one's drinking-related norms and the drinking habits of those we select as friends. It is a common observation that there are fairly strong associations among what we do, what we believe we ought to do, and what our friends do. And from these patterns of association we have typically inferred the existence of order in the lives of individuals. But how is this order to be explained? Accounts for this apparent order differ as to how constraining and susceptible to change normative structures are and how active man is in the face of social influence. The normative paradigm, for example, emphasizes the impact of norms and significant others on deviance, and attributes the order in the relationships among persons and within the social words in which people live to the power of norms and significant others. The interpretive paradigm, by contrast, begins with the assumption that norms cannot be taken as givens, and that significant others do not appear full blown on the scene. Thus, order cannot be taken for granted; it is, rather, problematic and must be negotiated. Consequently the order *This project was supported in part by NIMH Grant no. M-4302 and NIAAA Grant no. lRol AA00972-01. The authors would like to express their appreciation to Angela O'Rand, Charles Tittle, David Seidman, and Gerald Wright for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper.
Three-year outcome of drug-eluting stent implantation for coronary artery bifurcation lesions.

Objectives: To compare the very long-term clinical outcomes of bifurcation lesions using the crush and the simultaneous kissing stent (SKS) techniques. Background: A variety of two-stent techniques have been used to treat coronary artery bifurcation lesions in the drug-eluting stent era, but the long-term clinical outcome of these approaches is not known. Methods: A total of 74 consecutive patients underwent bifurcation stenting using either the crush or SKS techniques. Mean patient age was 66.91 ± 11.3 years; 26% were diabetic, and the left anterior descending/diagonal bifurcation was the most frequently treated lesion (68%). Results: In-hospital outcomes were not significantly different between groups. Over a median follow-up of 3.3 years, 1 patient in the SKS group and 3 patients in the crush group died (P = ns). Probable stent thrombosis leading to death according to the Academic Research Consortium definition occurred in 1 patient in the crush group. Mortality in the remaining 3 patients was noncardiac. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) occurred in 14 patients (40%) in the SKS group and 5 patients (12.8%) in the crush group (P = 0.015). Survival free from major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was significantly less in the SKS group and predominantly driven by TLR (60 vs. 88%, P = 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, over a median of 3.3 years of follow-up, TLR and MACE are significantly lower in bifurcation lesions treated with the crush technique when compared with the SKS technique. Definite or probable stent thrombosis is rare with either technique. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
LOW CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW CORRELATES WITH GOOD NEUROLOGIC OUTCOME AMONG SURVIVORS OF NEONATAL HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY. † 1649

LOW CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW CORRELATES WITH GOOD NEUROLOGIC OUTCOME AMONG SURVIVORS OF NEONATAL HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY. † 1649
Mathematical models of the early embryonic cell cycle: the role of MPF activation and cyclin degradation

Recent advances in cell biology indicate that the interactions between two proteins, cdc2 and cyclin, together with the activity of the cdc2/cyclin complex called MPF in the cytoplasm form the basis of a universal biochemical control mechanism for the cell division cycle in eukaryotes. Based on experimental facts that total cdc2 level is constant throughout the cell cycle and that onset of mitosis is subsequent to activation of MPF, we propose and analyze two different but related models--an ordinary differential equations model and a delay differential equations model--for the control of the early embryonic cell division cycle. Assuming very general reaction terms in the model equations, it is shown that MPF activation and rapid cyclin degradation triggered by active MPF drive cells to alternate between interphase and mitosis, the two phases of the cell cycle.
Functional Ontogeny of Pulmonary Vascular DA1 Dopamine Receptors in the Isolated Perfused Rabbit Lung

ABSTRACT: Using an in situ isolated salt-perfused rabbit lung preparation, we investigated the functional ontogeny of pulmonary vascular dopamine receptors. In rabbits from 1 to 23 d of age, we measured pulmonary vascular vasodilator) responses to the peripheral vascular dopamine receptor (DA1) agonist, fenoldopam, and sodium nitroprusside during prostaglandin F2α-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. In separate experiments, the lungs were pretreated with the DA1 receptor blocker, SCH 23390, before prostaglandin F2α, fenoldopam, and sodium nitroprusside. Lungs from rabbits at one of 6 age groups (n = 6–8 per group) were ventilated and perfused. After a stabilization period, prostaglandin F2α was infused into the pulmonary inflow catheter in a concentration range to yield a sustained rise in mean pulmonary artery pressure (4.9 ± 0.2 mm Hg). Fenoldopam was injected into the pulmonary artery at doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 μg/g after a recovery period, sodium nitroprusside (0.2 μg/g) was injected into the pulmonary artery, and the resultant changes in vascular pressure were recorded. Across all age groups, with and without DA1 receptor blockade, sodium nitroprusside–induced vasodilation was similar (–2.7 ± 0.2 mm Hg) and was considered reference vasodilation. The fenoldopam vasodilation response was considered a percentage of the sodium nitroprusside reference. Response to fenoldopam varied significantly (p < 0.05 by analysis of variance) across the six age groups, with a maximum at 3–5 d of age. Pretreatment with SCH 23390, a selective DA1-blocking agent, significantly attenuated fenoldopam vasodilation in all but the youngest animals (age 0–2 d), in which no blockade effect was noted. We conclude that there are significant age-related changes in the vascular responses to fenoldopam. We speculate that endogenous dopamine and vascular dopamine receptors may play a role in mediating changes in the transitional, pulmonary circulation.
Scapular winging: anatomical review, diagnosis, and treatments

Scapular winging is a rare debilitating condition that leads to limited functional activity of the upper extremity. It is the result of numerous causes, including traumatic, iatrogenic, and idiopathic processes that most often result in nerve injury and paralysis of either the serratus anterior, trapezius, or rhomboid muscles. Diagnosis is easily made upon visible inspection of the scapula, with serratus anterior paralysis resulting in medial winging of the scapula. This is in contrast to the lateral winging generated by trapezius and rhomboid paralysis. Most cases of serratus anterior paralysis spontaneously resolve within 24 months, while conservative treatment of trapezius paralysis is less effective. A conservative course of treatment is usually followed for rhomboid paralysis. To allow time for spontaneous recovery, a 6–24 month course of conservative treatment is often recommended, after which if there is no recovery, patients become candidates for corrective surgery.
Angiopoietin-like 4: A Novel Molecular Hallmark in Oral Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) remains among the most common causes of oral cancer in HIV-infected individuals. Infection with the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) is a necessary event for disease development. Emerging evidence suggests that KSHV infects vascular endothelial (or endothelial progenitor) cells promoting the formation of the KS tumor (or spindle) cell. These cells elaborate angiogenic growth factors and cytokines that promote the dysregulated angiogenesis and profuse edema that characterizes this unusual vascular tumor. Central among these secreted factors is the potent endothelial cell mitogen, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Indeed, VEGF has proven to be a key player in KSHV pathogenesis and is a molecular hallmark of KS lesions. We have recently shown that a second angiogenic factor, Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), may also play a critical role in KS development. Here we demonstrate that ANGPTL4 is upregulated both directly and indirectly by the KSHV oncogene, vGPCR. We further show that ANGPTL4 is a molecular hallmark of oral KS lesions. Indeed, expression of this protein was observed in more tumor cells and in more biopsies specimens than expression of VEGF (23/25 or 92% vs. 19/25 or 76%, respectively) in oral KS. These surprising results support a key role for ANGPTL4 in Kaposi’s sarcomagenesis and further suggest that this angiogenic factor may provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic marker for oral KS patients.
Dimensions of same-gender student-faculty role-model relationships

This study investigated factors important in the establishment of same-gender student-faculty role-model relationships. Subjects were 33 females and 24 male graduate students enrolled in the same academic department who responded anonymously to scales assessing four characteristics of the role model (personal attributes, life-style and values, power and influence, and professional achievement), three parallel areas of perceived similarity between student and role model (personality, attitudes and values, and professional goals), and students' self-esteem and achievement orientation. As predicted, female students rated the role-model relationship as more important to their professional development than did male students and rated the model's personal attributes and the model's life-style and values as more important in selecting a role model. Consistent with recent theoretical views, female and male students rated both the professional skills and the personal characteristics of the faculty role model as important in establishing the role-model relationship. These findings are interpreted within a framework that considers the continuing effect of belief systems about women's and men's roles on the professional development of women.
Multispaces harvesting of a pery-predator system

Simultaneous control of both species in the Lotka-Volterra prey-predator system model has been previously investigated by Goh, et al. [1], Vincent, et al. [2], Vincent [3], and others. More recently May, et al. [4] using a new model, somewhat akin to the Lotka-Volterra system, examined the consequences of simultaneous constant effort harvesting of both the prey (krill) and the predators (Baleen Whales).
Realizability of p-point, q-line graphs with prescribed maximum degree and line connectivity or minimum degree

We define a (p, q, λ, Δ) graph as a graph having p points, q lines, line connectivity λ, and maximum degree Δ. An arbitrary quadruple of integers (a, b, c, d) is called (p, q, λ, Δ) realizable if there is a (p, q, λ, Δ) graph with p = a, q = b, λ = c, and Δ = d. In this work, necessary and sufficient conditions for (p, q, λ, Δ) and (p, q, δ, Δ) realizability are derived, where δ denotes the minimum degree of a graph. In earlier papers, Boesch and Suffel gave necessary and sufficient conditions for (p, q, κ), (p, q, λ), (p, q, δ), (p, Δ, δ λ), and (p, Δ, δ κ) realizability, where κ denotes the point connectivity of a graph. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A filterbank model for echo delay estimation in biosonar

Summary form only given. In a jittering-echo task, big brown bats achieve an echo-delay acuity of 10-20 ns (40 ns at echo signal-to-noise ratio of 36 dB). To understand the origin of this unusually fine acuity, a filterbank model of transduction in the bat's peripheral auditory system was developed and tested in Monte Carlo simulations to determine its delay accuracy and test its acuity in a jittering-echo paradigm at different signal-to-noise levels. Several versions of the filterbank model were tested to learn how the model's smoothing filter affected performance. When tested at an echo signal-to-noise ratio of 36 dB, the best filterbank delay-estimation method had a jitter threshold of 75 nanoseconds. To achieve 15 nanoseconds, this method required an echo signal-to-noise ratio of 50 dB and the use of a 2nd order lowpass smoothing filter with a cutoff frequency of 8 kHz. Jitter thresholds for filterbank models with either a lower cutoff frequency or a higher order were more than an order of magnitude worse than the behavioral threshold. These results predict that the smoothing filter for echolocating bats may have a higher cutoff frequency and shallower slope than typical mammalian values.
Dissecting aortic aneurysm involving a right-sided aortic arch

In this case, the first reported instance of aortic dissection involving a right-sided arch, an anomalous fourth arch vessel, the left subclavian artery, arose from a congenital aortic diverticulum. This report emphasizes the need for precise anatomic definition with aortography to permit appropriate therapy when congenital anomalies of the aortic arch are complicated by dissecting hematoma.
Lung cancer stigma, depression, and quality of life among ever and never smokers

Purpose In 2010, lung cancer is expected to be the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. Because survival rates are increasing, an evaluation of the effects of treatment on quality of life (QOL) is an important outcome measure. In other diseases, stigma is known to have a negative impact on health status and QOL and be amenable to intervention. This is the first study to compare levels of lung cancer stigma (LCS) and relationships between LCS, depression, and QOL in ever and never smokers.
URBAN SYSTEMS THEORY AND THIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENT: A Review

: Spatial planning has played a role in third world development since the 1960s. During most of the 1970s, the dominant spatial development strategy was drawn from growth pole and growth centers theory. By the end of the decade, agropolitan development concepts, such as USAID's integrated rural development strategy, became influential. In the last several years, small and midsized cities or market centers have become the focus of attention. This paper reviews the spatial systems logic drawn upon to legitimize each of these strategies. It is argued that development models based on the hypothetical relationships posited to exist in a mature capitalist urban economic system are inappropriate in most third world countries.
The Interaction Between Victim Race and Gender on Sentencing Outcomes in Capital Murder Trials: A Further Exploration

This study extends previous research on the interactive effects of victim race and gender on death sentence outcomes reported by Williams and Holcomb (2004). They report an interactive effect between victim race and victim gender on Ohio death sentencing outcomes, such that killers of White women are especially at risk of receiving death sentences. The study here seeks to determine if the Williams and Holcomb finding holds for a sample of murder cases in North Carolina for which the state sought the death penalty. Initial results of a descriptive analysis suggest a White female victim effect, but the introduction of control variables via logistic regression equations yields no gender or race interactions as predictors of sentencing outcomes. Reasons for the different outcomes are explored, and topics requiring further exploration are discussed.
Control, Autonomy and Collaboration in the Fast Food Industry A Comparative Study between Domestic and International Franchising

This article examines the similarities and differences between domestic (US) and international franchises in the amount of control exerted by their US franchisors and the degree of autonomy accorded to franchisees. Based on in-depth interviews with franchisor representatives and franchisees from McDonald's, Subway, Papa John's, and Domino's, exploratory research is conducted to compare and contrast the franchisor-franchisee relationship in the fast food industry between the USA and Iceland, Ireland, the UK, Belgium, and the Netherlands.The interviews suggest that international franchisees tend to have more autonomy than their US counterparts, especially in decisions involving local market adaptation and in situations in which they experience strong performance or are master franchisees. On the other hand, experienced international franchisees are less likely to demand autonomy, while experienced US franchisees seek more autonomy. Interestingly, international franchisors and franchisees under hardship tend...
Sex Differences in the Jail Population: Competing Explanations:

Data from the 1978 National Survey of Jail Inmates were used to examine sex differences in local jail populations. In particular, the study focused on the patterns of sex differences in the data which might be expected, depending upon whether the criminal justice system's response to female offenders is based on (a) preferential treatment, (b) paternalism, or (c) equal treatment. It was found that while some sex differences supported preferential treatment arguments and others supported the idea of paternalism, there was no consistent pattern of sex differences and the widest support was provided for the idea that males and females are afforded equal treatment.
In Congress NOAA budget set

In late November, President Ronald Reagan signed into law the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) budget, which is part of the appropriations bill for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, State, the Judiciary, and related agencies; at the same time, he also signed into law an amendment attached to that bill that prohibits the sale of the weather satellites (Eos, May 17, 1983, p. 377, and March 22, 1983, p. 113). Commercialization of the land remote sensing satellite system is still being considered, however. As a result of the conference between the House of Representatives and the Senate appropriations committees, the appropriation for NOAA totals $1020.6 million, with a program level of $1073.1 million. The appropriation is the money that comes from the federal treasury; the program level represents all of the funds—including treasury funds, transfers, residuals, etc.—actually available for the program. Strictly in terms of dollars, the total fiscal 1984 NOAA appropriation is almost level with the fiscal 1983 appropriation of $1000.9 million. In fiscal 1984, NOAA's research core, called Operations, Research, and Facilities (ORF), receives an appropriation of $988.2 million, with a program level of $1014.8 million
Mitochondrial control region variation in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) is not related to Chernobyl radiation exposure

Three previous studies at Chernobyl, Ukraine, documented elevated mitochondrial DNA diversity in bank voles (Cleth- rionomys glareolus) from radioactively contaminated sites. Little evidence was found to link patterns of diversity in contaminated areas to radiation exposure, but the experimental design precluded discriminating among alternative explanations for elevated diversity in exposed groups. Reference sites selected for the studies were relatively distant from contaminated sites and, additionally, were separated from contaminated sites by large river systems; thus, we hypothesized that differences among sites were correlated with geographic isolation rather than with radiation exposure. For the present study, we added three reference sites, which were selected based on minimal radioactive contamination, proximity to contaminated sites, and absence of obvious barriers to dispersal. We hypothesized that neighboring reference sites should exhibit levels and patterns of diversity similar to those of contaminated sites if the previously detected differences were, in fact, caused by geographic isolation. Indeed, levels of diversity in nearby reference sites are comparable to levels in contaminated sites. Additionally, nearby reference sites contain several haplotypes not observed at other study sites. Our results suggest that levels of diversity in contaminated regions are more plausibly explained by ecological and historical factors than by increased mutational pressure resulting from exposure to Chernobyl radiation.
Jackknife estimators for reducing bias in asset allocation

We use jackknife-based estimators to reduce bias when estimating the optimal value of a stochastic program. Our discussion focuses on an asset allocation model with a power utility function. As we will describe, estimating the optimal value of such a problem plays a key role in establishing the quality of a candidate solution, and reducing bias improves our ability to do so efficiently. We develop a jackknife estimator that is adaptive in that it does not assume the order of the bias is known a priori.
Preclinical pharmacological profile of the selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist lasmiditan:

Introduction: Lasmiditan (also known as COL-144 and LY573144; 2,4,6-trifluoro-N-[6-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)carbonyl]pyridin-2yl]benzamide) is a high-affinity, highly selective serotonin (5-HT) 5-H...
PERSPECTIVE—The Sociological Ambivalence of Bureaucracy: From Weber via Gouldner to Marx

Reports of the demise of the bureaucratic form of organization are greatly exaggerated, and debates about bureaucracy's functions and effects therefore persist. For many years, a broad current of organizational scholarship has taken inspiration from Max Weber's image of bureaucracy as an “iron cage” and has seen bureaucracy as profoundly ambivalent—imposing alienation as the price of efficiency. Following a path originally sketched by Alvin Gouldner [Gouldner, A. W. 1954. Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy. Free Press, Glencoe, IL], some recent research has challenged this view as overly pessimistic, arguing that bureaucracy need not always be coercive but can sometimes take a form that is experienced as enabling. The present article challenges both Weber's and Gouldner's accounts, arguing that although bureaucracy's enabling role may sometimes be salient to employees, even when it is, bureaucracy typically appears to them as ambivalent—simultaneously enabling and coercive. I offer an unconventional reading of Marx as a way to make sense of this ambivalence.
A Financial Market Model for the Netherlands

The Commission Parameters (Langejan et al. (2014)) advises to use the KNW-capital market model to generate a uniform scenario set which enables comparable feasibility tests of pension funds. CPB’s task is to estimate the model on Dutch data and to calibrate some parameters to make it consistent with the expectations of the Commission Parameters.The model describes the stock and bond market (the latter by way of a term structure of interest rates). Both the nominal bonds as well as the development of the stock returns depend on the inflation process which is modelled, too. Net benefits of pensions can be considered as a derivative of bonds and equity, because both the benefits and premiums depend on the investment results. This capital market model is appropriate to evaluate derivative products. The model is developed by Koijen et al. (2010) and estimated by them on US data.This paper describes estimates based on data relevant for the Netherlands, estimated over a longer period than before (Draper (2012)). It provides a technical documentation of this capital market model and details on the derivations, the estimation and calibration. The estimation results are compared with earlier results.The Koijen et al. (2010) model is related to Brennan and Xia (2002), Campbell and Viceira (2001) and Sangvinatsos andWachter (2005). More details of the model can be found in Koijen et al. (2005) and Koijen et al. (2006). A survey of all risks that pension funds are facing, can be found in Broer (2010).Section 2 presents the model without giving details: its assumptions, parameter restrictions, the link between nominal and inflation linked bonds and the term structure are discussed. Section 3 details on the term structure and on bond funds implementing constant duration. The model is formulated in continuous time, but for simulation and estimation purposes a discretized version is necessary. This discretization and estimation procedure is discussed in section 4. To determine the value of derivative products, as for instance the liabilities of pension funds, risk-neutral simulation is used which is discussed in section 5. The data are presented in section 6. Section 7 gives the estimation results. Section 8 discusses the necessary parameter changes which results in consistency between the model outcomes and the expectations of the Commission Parameters. Section 10 concludes.
Proton magnetic resonance investigation of interactions between L-tryptophan and dinucleoside phosphates at low pD.

Interactions between mononucleoside and dinucleoside phosphates containing adenine and/or cytosine and L-tryptophan have been studied at low pD by proton magnetic resonance (pmr) spectroscopy. The results of those studies indicate that, despite extensive protonation of ring positions, and resulting electrostatic repulsion, ring stacking does occur between both like and unlike molecules. Geometries for stacked complexes are proposed and the extent of complex formation between L-tryptophan and adenosine or cytidine in 3′ or 5′ esterified positions is discussed qualitatively.
Danish patients with alcoholic cirrhosis have a low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma thus raising questions about the utility of screening

Commentary on: Jepsen P, Ott P, Andersen PK, et al. Risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156: 841– 7.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Alcohol consumption is increasing worldwide.1 As this trend continues, so is the associated morbidity and mortality.2 ,3 Alcohol causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Amount and duration of consumption are the two most important risk factors.3 ,4 The incidence rates for HCC have tripled during the past decades5 and alcoholic cirrhosis is a major contributing factor. Abstinence improves survival.4 Most HCC in alcoholics occur in cirrhosis. Surveillance is recommended when HCC risk exceeds 1.5% per year and the cost is <$50 000/year of life gained. Guidelines state that alcoholic cirrhosis is probably sufficient to warrant … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DANN%2BINTERN%2BMED%26rft.issn%253D0003-4819%26rft.aulast%253DJepsen%26rft.auinit1%253DP.%26rft.volume%253D156%26rft.issue%253D12%26rft.spage%253D841%26rft.epage%253D847%26rft.atitle%253DRisk%2Bfor%2Bhepatocellular%2Bcarcinoma%2Bin%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Balcoholic%2Bcirrhosis%253A%2Ba%2BDanish%2Bnationwide%2Bcohort%2Bstudy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252F0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00004%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22711076%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00004&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22711076&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F4%2F155.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000307783200013&link_type=ISI
New phenomena concerning a screw dislocation interacting with two imperfect interfaces

Abstract Dislocation mobility and stability in nanocrystals and electronic materials are influenced by the material composition and interface conditions. Its mobility and stability then affect the mechanical behaviors of the composites. In this paper, we first address, in detail, the problem of a screw dislocation located in an annular coating layer which is imperfectly bonded to the inner circular inhomogeneity and to the outer unbounded matrix. Both the inhomogeneity–coating interface and coating–matrix interface are modeled by a linear spring with vanishing thickness to account for the possible damage occurring on the interface. An analytic solution in series form is derived by means of complex variable method, with all the unknown constants being determined explicitly. The solution is then applied to the study of the dislocation mobility and stability due to its interaction with the two imperfect interfaces. The most interesting finding is that when the middle coating layer is more compliant than both the inner inhomogeneity and the outer unbounded matrix and when the interface rigidity parameters for the two imperfect interfaces are greater than certain values, one stable and two unstable equilibrium positions can exist for the dislocation. Furthermore, under certain conditions an equilibrium position, which can be either stable or unstable (i.e., a saddle point), can exist, which has never been observed in previous studies. Results for a screw dislocation interacting with two parallel straight imperfect interfaces are also presented as the limiting case where the radius of the inner inhomogeneity approaches infinity while the thickness of the coating layer is fixed.
Medical Care Transition Planning and Dental Care Use for Youth with Special Health Care Needs During the Transition from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: A Preliminary Explanatory Model

The aims of the study were to test the hypotheses that youth with special health care needs (YSHCN) with a medical care transition plan are more likely to use dental care during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood and that different factors are associated with dental utilization for YSHCN with and YSHCN without functional limitations. National Survey of CSHCN (2001) and Survey of Adult Transition and Health (2007) data were analyzed (N = 1,746). The main predictor variable was having a medical care transition plan, defined as having discussed with a doctor how health care needs might change with age and having developed a transition plan. The outcome variable was dental care use in 2001 (adolescence) and 2007 (young adulthood). Multiple variable Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate covariate-adjusted relative risks (RR). About 63 % of YSHCN had a medical care transition plan and 73.5 % utilized dental care. YSHCN with a medical care transition plan had a 9 % greater RR of utilizing dental care than YSHCN without a medical care transition plan (RR 1.09; 95 % CI 1.03–1.16). In the models stratified by functional limitation status, having a medical care transition plan was significantly associated with dental care use, but only for YSHCN without functional limitations (RR 1.11; 95 % CI 1.04–1.18). Having a medical care transition plan is significantly associated with dental care use, but only for YSHCN with no functional limitation. Dental care should be an integral part of the comprehensive health care transition planning process for all YSHCN.
Epilepsies, Identities, and Difference: Horizons of Meaning for Individuals with an Epilepsy

Since the late 1970s and early 1980s, epilepsy has emerged as a dynamic vehicle through which the social construction of illness can be researched. However, in various ways these efforts have remained somewhat stagnant and have concentrated on specific themes of the experience, such as stigma. To "reenergize" the field, the author focuses on the stories of three individuals with an epilepsy and employs an analytic vocabulary derived from Gubrium and Holstein along with contemporary theoretical arguments concerning the construction of identity and meaning to concentrate on the divergent and peculiar nature of the epilepsy experience. Drawing its dynamics from the poststructuralist concept of difference, this article discusses and analyzes the fragmented and ensembled identities of the individual with an epilepsy. Last, the importance of future efforts in the cross-disciplinary study of the illness experience are highlighted and discussed.
Diastolic dysfunction in the older heart.

f t f m c l l a s N THE NEXT 50 YEARS, the United States will experience an unprecedented increase in the size of its older adult and lderly population. According to US Census Bureau projecions, the number of persons 65 years of age or older will ncrease from approximately 35 million in the year 2000 to pproximately 82 million in 2050, a net increase of 135%. uring the same time period, the number of persons 85 years of ge or older will increase by 350%, making this the most apidly growing segment of the US population.1 As a result, it s anticipated that the number of surgical procedures in the lderly will increase dramatically, especially among the very lderly. Currently, 25% to 30% of surgical patients are older han 65 years of age, and it is projected that at least 1 in 2 older ersons aged 65 years will undergo an operation in the emainder of his/her lifetime.2 Although age itself is an independent predictor for perioprative outcome,3 cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are ther contributors to overall adverse perioperative outcome.4 istory of congestive heart failure is an important predictor of ostoperative adverse cardiac outcome and in-hospital mortalty in the elderly,5,6 and the role played by diastolic dysfunction n the aging heart is increasingly recognized as a cause of heart ailure.7-9 Taken together with the fact that the majority of the urgical patients 65 years old will have normal ejection ractions and ventricular filling abnormalities on their preopertive echocardiograms,10 it behooves perioperative physicians o understand the aging heart and, in particular, aging’s impact n diastolic function, so that perioperative anesthetic manageent can be modified in a way that may improve outcome in his rapidly growing cohort of surgical patients.
Incidence and implications of idiopathic thrombocytopenia following transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the Edwards Sapien(©) valves: a single center experience.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and etiology of thrombocytopenia following transcatheter Aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Background: the use of TAVR in the United States has grown rapidly. Anecdotally, thrombocytopenia following TAVR with the Sapien valves has been observed, though little is known about this phenomenon. Methods: All patients treated with TAVR using a Sapien valve or who underwent isolated balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) at Brigham and Women’s Hospital from October 2009 through November 2012 were analyzed. Post-procedure thrombocytopenia severity was stratified as none (>150,000 cells/lL), mild (100–150,000), and moderate to severe (<100,000). Summary statistics and simple comparisons were evaluated. Linear regression models were used to identify patient or procedural factors associated with platelet count nadir. Results: 112 TAVR and 105 BAV patients were analyzed. Following TAVR the prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 69% and the incidence of new thrombocytopenia was 45% compared to 37% and 17% respectively following BAV (P <0.01). Similar results were found across all strata of thrombocytopenia severity. Post-TAVR platelet nadirs were greater by 1,840 cells/lL for each 1% increase in STS score (P 50.03) and 670 cells/l Lg reater for each 1 mmHg increase in pre-TAVR mean aortic stenosis gradient. Among TAVR patients, thrombocytopenia appears to spontaneously resolve an average of 8 days post-procedure. No differences in clinical outcomes based on thrombocytopenia severity were observed except for an increased use of blood products (P 50.05). Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia following TAVR with the Edwards’ Sapien valves is a frequent but generally self-limited process. The etiology of this phenomenon is unknown. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of Phenol, Phenyl Glucuronide, and Phenyl Sulfate in Blood of Unanesthetized Rainbow Trout by Online Microdialysis Sampling

ABSTRACT Free concentrations of phenol (PH), phenyl glucuronide (PG), and phenyl sulfate (PS) were measured in the bloodstream of unanesthetized rainbow trout by online microdialysis (MD) sampling. Preliminary studies were conducted to optimize the MD system and evaluate three retrodialysis calibration standards: p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (PNPG), p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNPS), and [(14)C]-phenol ((14)C-PH). PG and PNPG exhibited nearly identical dialyzing properties in vitro (saline and plasma) and in vivo (muscle tissue and dorsal aorta). A similar result was obtained for PS and PNPS. In vivo studies were therefore performed using PNPG, PNPS, and (14)C-PH as retrodialysis calibrators for PG, PS, and PH, respectively. The utility of MD sampling for kinetic studies with fish was investigated by implanting MD probes into the dorsal aorta of spinally transected rainbow trout. Each fish was then exposed to PH in water in a respirometer-metabolism chamber. The free concentration of PH in blood reached a steady-state level within 12 h of initiating the exposure. A steady state for PS was generally established within 24 h, while free concentrations of PG tended to increase throughout the exposure. Terminal plasma samples were dialyzed using the same probe employed in each experiment. Analyte concentrations determined in this manner were in good agreement with calculated in vivo values. The methods described in this study can be used to collect kinetic data sets of high temporal resolution while eliminating artifacts often associated with conventional blood sampling methods.
JOURNAL CLUB: Head CT Scans in the Emergency Department for Syncope and Dizziness

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of acutely abnormal findings on head CT scans in patients presenting to the emergency department with dizziness, near-syncope, or syn...
Improving NFW Product Planning Through an Analysis of New Product Failure

In this paper, the causes of new product failure are analyzed in order to improve the new product planning process. Product management and organization, new product planning, timing, competition, product deficiencies, and marketing deficiencies are each investigated. From this assessment, twenty-three contributors to new product failure and twenty-one recommendations for reducing the rate of failure are offered. An extensive reference list is included.
Magnetic decoupling of 129 Xe − Rb and 129 Xe − Cs binary spin exchange

We report calculations of the magnetic decoupling of the nuclear spin relaxation rate of ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ atoms caused by binary collisions with Rb or Cs atoms in a gas. A semiclassical approximation, using a classical path for the collision and treating the spin interactions quantum mechanically, gives results that differ by no more than 2% from calculations with the distorted-wave Born approximation. Both computational methods show that the relaxation rate decreases substantially for magnetic fields of a few tens of teslas. For ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Rb},$ where recent experimental measurements are available, the calculated rate coefficients at the experimental field of 9.4 T are about 80% of the calculated values at zero field. At 9.4 T, the calculated rate coefficient for ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Rb}$ is about one-half of the experimentally observed value. This discrepancy is probably due to inaccuracies in the van der Waals and spin-dependent potentials used in the calculations.
Falling through the U.S. safety net: Alice’s adventures in social services:

The tattered social safety net in the United States allows many people with needs to slip through its holes. In this paper, I give case examples from my own life and my social work practice, which led me to question how social work practice and research is conducted. As a social worker, I wondered how other practitioners knew about poor people and now as a doctoral student, I question the assumptions we as researchers make about poverty and the poor. This discussion also sheds light on my nascent journey toward uncovering my ontology and epistemology of social work knowledge.
Domain Movements upon Activation of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Characterized by Crystallography and Chromatography-Coupled Small-Angle X-ray Scattering.

Mammalian phenylalanine hydroxylase (PheH) is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the catabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. Following allosteric activation by high phenylalanine levels, the enzyme catalyzes the pterin-dependent conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Inability to control elevated phenylalanine levels in the blood leads to increased risk of mental disabilities commonly associated with the inherited metabolic disorder, phenylketonuria. Although extensively studied, structural changes associated with allosteric activation in mammalian PheH have been elusive. Here, we examine the complex allosteric mechanisms of rat PheH using X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). We describe crystal structures of the preactivated state of the PheH tetramer depicting the regulatory domains docked against the catalytic domains and preventing substrate binding. Using SAXS, we further describe the domain movements involved...
Annotation-based finite state processing in a large-scale NLP arhitecture

There are well-articulated arguments promoting the deployment of finite-state (FS) processing techninques for natural language processing (NLP) application development. This paper adopts a point of view of designing industrial strength NLP frameworks, where emerging notions include a pipelined architecture, open-ended intercomponent communication, and the adoption of linguistic annotations as fundamental analytic/descriptive device. For such frameworks, certain issues arise — operational and notational — concerning the underlying data stream over which the FS machinery operates. The paper reviews recent work on finite-state processing of annotations and highlight some essential features required from a congenial architecture for NLP aiming to be broadly applicable to, and configurable for, an open-ended set of tasks.
A Review of Antihypertensive Drugs and Choosing the Right Antihypertensive for Recurrent Stroke Prevention

The etiology of long-standing hypertension is generally multifactorial and very poorly appreciated in the individual patient. Seldom does one drug therapy normalize BP in more than 50 % of patients. Moreover, the initial choice of a medication is often based on nonscientific grounds, anecdotal experience, individual preference, and on occasion intuition. A word-of-mouth approach to therapy sometimes surfaces from successful advertising and/or promotional efforts to both health-care providers and, more recently, patients. These background issues interface with the well-established need for antihypertensive therapy as an important component of secondary stroke reduction and oftentimes unnecessarily confound management.
Topic Avoidance about Deployment upon Reunion: Applying the Relational Turbulence Model

ABSTRACTThis study uses the logic of the relational turbulence model to examine the reluctance of military couples to talk about their deployment experiences during reunion. A total of 235 individuals (117 returning service members, 118 at-home partners) completed an online survey within 6 months of homecoming. People experiencing more relational uncertainty and interference from a partner upon reunion reported more topic avoidance about deployment. Relational uncertainty and interference from a partner were especially strong predictors of topic avoidance about deployment for individuals who were highly satisfied with their relationship. The findings have implications for both theory and practice.