cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined simultaneous embolization of the portal vein and hepatic vein (double vein embolization) - a technical note about embolization sequence.

Simultaneous portal vein embolization (PVE) and hepatic vein embolization (HVE) has been shown to be feasible, safe and lead to a faster growth of future liver remnant (FLR) than PVE alone. The objective of this study is to highlight different technical aspects as well as importance of embolization order. Seven patients were treated with simultaneous PVE and HVE. In three cases, HVE was performed first followed by PVE and in four cases the other way around. Portal vein branches were embolized using Glubran-Lipiodol mixture in all cases. Hepatic veins were embolized using Amplatzer II plugs sized 8–20 mm. Specific consideration was given to depth of glue penetration in the portal vein defined by visible branch order on the treated side. Six of seven patients were discharged home the same day. One patient with infected tumor necrosis died of liver failure 40 days later, otherwise there were no periprocedural clinical complications. Median glue penetration was to the 5th order (4th – 5th) when PVE was performed first and 3rd order (2nd - 4th) when PVE was performed after HVE. In one PVE first case, glue spillage was seen due to marked reduced flow in the right portal vein. There was sufficient FLR growth for subsequent surgical resection in the remaining six patients. PVE should be performed prior to HVE because the reduced flow in the portal vein after HVE leads to less deep glue penetration with presumably increased risk of contralateral spillage.
Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus promoter by human herpesvirus 6.

Abstract Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are often infected with a number of other heterologous viruses in addition to the initial human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and these agents could act as potential reactivating agents of latent HIV. A new antigenically distinct herpesvirus, designated human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), has recently been isolated from patients with AIDS and has been shown to infect a number of different human cells, specifically human T cells, B cells, and glial cells. Since these are some of the same cells that harbor the AIDS virus, it is quite important to determine any interaction between this new herpesvirus and HIV. In this report, we demonstrate that HHV-6 can trans-activate the HIV promoter in human T-cell lines as measured by the expression of the bacterial gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. This indicates that stimulation of HIV gene expression by HHV-6 could play a role in HIV pathogenesis.
Optic nerve and choroidal circulation in glaucoma.

PURPOSE. To investigate the circulation of the optic nerve head and choroid in patients with glaucoma. METHODS. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to determine optic nerve head relative blood velocity (ONVel), volume (ONVol), and flow (ONFlow) in 19 primary open-angle glaucoma patients and 15 age-matched healthy control subjects. In each subject, determinations were obtained from four sites on the neuroretinal tissue and from the center of the cup. A mean of the ONVel, ONVol, and ONFlow for these five measurement sites were calculated for each subject and defined as ONVel 5 , ONVol 5 , and ONFlow 5 . Circulatory parameters were correlated with measures of disease progression such as cup-to-disc ratio and Humphrey visual field indices. Measurements of relative choroidal blood velocity, volume, and flow were also obtained from the foveola. RESULTS. In glaucoma patients, mean ONFlow 5 was significantly lower than in control subjects (24%; P = 0.001; independent, two-tailed Student's t-test). This decrease was caused by a significant decrease in ONVol 5 (15%; P = 0.04) and a nonsignificant decrease in ONVel 5 (10%; P = 0.07). In glaucomatous eyes, mean ONFlow was significantly reduced from normal, by 28% in the inferior temporal neuroretinal rim location (P = 0.001) and by 24% in the superior temporal location (P = 0.001). Although mean ONFlow was also decreased by 33% in the cup, the difference was not statistically significant after a Bonferroni correction was applied. No significant differences from normal were observed in the superior and inferior nasal rim tissues. In glaucoma patients, ONFlow 5 was significantly and inversely correlated with the corrected pattern standard deviation (R = -0.53; P = 0.02) and with the cup-to-disc ratio (R = -0.65; P = 0.002). Choroidal blood flow measurements obtained in the foveola of glaucomatous eyes showed no statistically significant differences from normal. CONCLUSIONS. ONFlow 5 is reduced by approximately 24% in glaucoma patients. In the inferior temporal rim, the area in which nerve bundle defects most commonly occur, blood flow is reduced by 28%. Patients with more advanced glaucomatous damage, as detected by visual field corrected pattern standard deviation and measurement of the cup-to-disc ratio, tend to have lower ONFlow 5 . These results suggest a decrease in optic nerve blood flow that is correlated with functional and morphologic measures of glaucomatous progression. However, from these results we cannot conclude whether this decrease in flow has a primary role in the etiology of glaucoma or whether it is the result of the loss of neural components caused by this disease.
[Specific fluorescent derivatives of macromolecules. Synthesis and characterization of N-alpha-dansyl-L-phenylalanyl-chymotrypsino (His-57)-methane and N-alpha-dansyl-L-lysyl-trypsino (His-46)-methane].

1-Dimethylamino-5-naphthalene sulfonyl (dansyl)-derivatives of phenylalanine and lysine were synthesized and employed to introduce highly fluorescent groups into the active centers of chymotrypsin and trypsin utilizing the active-site directed labeling technique. N-alpha-dansyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethane reacted irreversibly with chymotrypsin. A second order rate constant of 8.8 M-1sec-1was found. Trypsin was specifically inactivated by N-alpha-dansyl-L-lysyl bromomethane with a second order rate constant of 3.5 M-1sec-1. Both enzymes were completely and stoichiometrically inactivated by reaction of the inhibitors with a single histidine residue as determined by amino acid analysis. From previous work with structurally similar inhibitors, histidine residue-57 of chymotrypsin and histidine residue-46 of trypsin are inferred to have been modified in the reaction. After performic acid rearrangement and acid hydrolysis, 3-carboxymethyl-histidine could be identified showing that the alkylation had occurred at nitrogen-3 of the histidine residue involved. Because of their fluorescent properties the new inhibitors can be considered as probes into the microenvironment of the active site of these enzymes.
Imaging the Earth's Interior

Introduction to imaging Why time and space? Offset, another dimension The craft of wavefield extrapolation Some frontiers.
Comparison of auroral processes: Earth and Jupiter

Aurora at Jupiter and Earth provide both interesting contrasts and similarities in our study of comparative planetary aurora. The major contrast lies in the driving forces behind the aurora. Jupiter's magnetosphere is largely powered by the internal rotation of the planet, facilitated by the release of SO 2 from Io and its subsequent ionization and acceleration in the rapidly rotating Jovian magnetosphere. The constant angular acceleration of this plasma as it moves from Io out into the outer magnetosphere drives a global current system that results in field-aligned acceleration of electrons much like the acceleration of electrons in Earth's field-aligned current system. However, the Earth's current system is driven by the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetosphere. Thus the plasma microphysics and aeronomy of the auroral emission process are quite similar while the macroscopic driving force provides an important contrast.
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE DISEASES AND PARASITES OF JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK, THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA, FROM THE GULF OF ALASKA

ABSTRACT: In 1986, a baseline survey was begun to investigate the possible role of parasites and diseases as regulators of wild, commercially important fish populations. Juvenile walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma , were chosen because much is known about their growth rate, life history, and distribution. A total of 142 fish were collected in 1986, and 726 in 1987.
Preparation and synthetic utility of 2-chloromercuric[(dimethtlamino)methyl]ferrocene

Abstract 2-(Chloromercuri)[(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocene I has been successfully synthesized from 2-lithio[(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocene II and 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]ferroceneboronic acid III. Chloromercuri-amine I was transmetalated to give improved yields of 2-lithio-amine II. Chloromercuri-amine I was readily converted to 2-iodo[(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocene V. The PMR spectrum of chloromercuri-amine I served to extend the concept of a contact interaction between the 2-substituent and the adjacent diastereotopic methylene protons.
Time to give SETI a chance

Earth 2.0 is in our sights. Checking it for signs of life will be the next big issue, says Jill Tarter
The relationship betweenVerticillium albo-atrum inoculum density and potato yield

Population studies withVerticillium albo-atrum (microsclerotial form) have shown that a significant negative correlation exists between inoculum density in field soils determined before planting and yield of potatoes in some areas of Colorado but not in others. In Southern Weld and Morgan Counties where potatoes are planted early in sandy soils, reduced yield in Norgold Russet and Norchip cultivars occurred as inoculum densities increased. In Northern Weld County where potatoes are planted later in heavier soils, no such relationship was found. The significant relationship between inoculum density and reduced yield was associated with growing areas where conditions, particularly air temperature, appear to be favorable for verticillium wilt development when plants begin to mature.
The Effects of Changing the Site of Activating Phosphorylation in CDK2 from Threonine to Serine

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that control cell cycle progression are regulated in many ways, including activating phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue. This essential phosphorylation is carried out by the CDK-activating kinase (CAK). Here we examine the effects of replacing this threonine residue in human CDK2 by serine. We found that cyclin A bound equally well to wild-type CDK2 (CDK2Thr-160) or to the mutant CDK2 (CDK2Ser-160). In the absence of activating phosphorylation, CDK2Ser-160-cyclin A complexes were more active than wild-type CDK2Thr-160-cyclin A complexes. In contrast, following activating phosphorylation, CDK2Ser-160-cyclin A complexes were less active than phosphorylated CDK2Thr-160-cyclin A complexes, reflecting a much smaller effect of activating phosphorylation on CDK2Ser-160. The kinetic parameters for phosphorylating histone H1 were similar for mutant and wild-type CDK2, ruling out a general defect in catalytic activity. Interestingly, the CDK2Ser-160 mutant was selectively defective in phosphorylating a peptide derived from the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. CDK2Ser-160 was efficiently phosphorylated by CAKs, both human p40MO15(CDK7)-cyclin H and budding yeast Cak1p. In fact, the k catvalues for phosphorylation of CDK2Ser-160 were significantly higher than for phosphorylation of CDK2Thr-160, indicating that CDK2Ser-160 is actually phosphorylated more efficiently than wild-type CDK2. In contrast, dephosphorylation proceeded more slowly with CDK2Ser-160 than with wild-type CDK2, either in HeLa cell extract or by purified PP2Cβ. Combined with the more efficient phosphorylation of CDK2Ser-160 by CAK, we suggest that one reason for the conservation of threonine as the site of activating phosphorylation may be to favor unphosphorylated CDKs following the degradation of cyclins.
Profiles of Design Dimensions and Fundamental Natural Frequencies for Steel Interstate Highway Bridges in Southeastern Missouri

Results from a research study funded by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program are presented. The first objective of this study was the development of a database for all 211 bridges along Interstate 55 in the New Madrid region of southeastern Missouri. Profiles for five key dimension parameters (which are stored in the database) were developed, and the results for steel highway bridges are presented here. The second objective was to perform field ambient vibration analyses on 25 typical bridge spans along the I-55 corridor. These 25 spans included 17 steel girder spans. Eight seismometers were used to record ambient vibrations at four locations on each bridge span. These records of bridge motion versus time were each subjected to a fast Fourier transformation, and plots of amplitude versus frequency were generated. These plots were used to determine the fundamental vertical and lateral frequencies of the bridge spans measured. The third objective was to use...
Prevalence of Prostatitis-Like Symptoms in a Managed Care Population

Purpose: We calculated the prevalence of symptoms typically associated with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men in a managed care population in the Pacific Northwest.Materials and Methods: A questionnaire mailing to 5,000 male enrollees 25 to 80 years old in the Kaiser Permanente Northwest (Portland, Oregon) health plan was performed. The questionnaires included screening questions about the presence, duration and severity of pelvic pain, and the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome symptoms were defined in 2 ways: 1) presence of any of the following for a duration of 3 or more months: pain in the perineum, testicles, tip of penis, pubic or bladder area, dysuria, ejaculatory pain; and 2) perineal and/or ejaculatory pain, and a National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index total pain score of 4 or more. Prevalence estimates were age adjusted to the total Kaiser Permanente Northwest male popula...
Pediatric orthopedic anesthesia: Review

T HERE have been enormous changes in pediatric orthopedic surgery, such as the shift from rehabilitation of paralyzed patients, treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, and simplistic management of fractures and trauma to major reconstructive surgery in skeletally immature patients of all ages. The range of patients presenting for pediatric orthopedic surgery has accordingly widened to include both the very young to teenagers with multiple congenital abnormalities and residuals of postnatal acquired deformities. Greater demands are concomitantly being made on the anesthesiologist. Children with congenital anomalies and the residuals of infection and trauma who require anesthesia for orthopedic surgical procedures include all stages of development from birth through adolescence. A pediatric anesthesiologist faces several recurring concerns regarding orthopedic procedures: positioning, blood loss, fluid replacement, airway management, malignant hyperthermia, maintenance of body temperature, and postoperative pain management. Due to the pathology of the diseases and deformities, these patients may need extensive rehabilitation, prolonged and repeated hospitalization, and long-term immobilization that may lead to emotional or psychiatric problems. Mentally impaired patients may become difficult to handle. Efforts must be made to make their hospitalization as tolerable as possible. The requirements for each child are different. They may benefit from preanesthetic psychological as well as pharmacologic preparation. The anesthesiologist must be aware of unusual associated syndromes that may have clinical anesthetic or orthopedic implications. This review presents complicated
Psychogenic Origins of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Syndrome: A Critical Review of the Research Literature

Abstract The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate research on the psychogenic origins of multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) syndrome. Using as keywords environmental illness, multiple chemical sensitivities, and clinical ecology, two databases—PsychLit and Medline—were searched by computer; reference lists of all articles located were also searched manually. Ten articles meeting three criteria were selected for review. Five sample selection problems, seven measurement problems, and three study design problems were common in all but one of the articles reviewed. Current studies investigating psychogenic hypotheses of MCS syndrome are methodologically problematic and their conclusions questionable. Studies of psychiatric profiles observed in MCS syndrome need to be designed to differentiate between competing psychogenic and biogenic hypotheses.
Perceptions of deception, divorce disclosures, and communication satisfaction with parents

This study examined the impact of perceived parental deception regarding impending divorce on subsequent communication satisfaction with parents and self esteem. Responses from 131 students from divorced and 200 from intact families were compared. Respondents who reported feeling deceived reported lower levels of communication satisfaction with their mothers than those who had not felt deceived. Self‐esteem was negatively related to perceptions of parental deception at the time of divorce. Communication satisfaction with mothers vs. fathers differed for intact versus divorced families.
Failure of negative dipyridamole thallium scans to predict perioperative myocardial ischaemia and infarction

Three cases of postoperative myocardial infarction are reported inpatients with normal or fixed defects on preoperative dipyridamole thallium scans (interpreted as “negative” for active cardiac ischaemic risk). All patients were monitored with an ambulatory electrocardiographic recorder from the evening before surgery through the first two postoperative days. Two of the patients demonstrated preoperative or early postoperative ischaemia, suggesting that the test was a false negative. The third patient did not demonstrate ischaemia during the period of monitoring, but developed a myocardial infarction during the third postoperative day, suggesting progression of the underlying coronary artery disease. Preoperative dipyridamole thallium imaging may result in false negative scans in selected high-risk populations.
Design of Robust Vibration Controller for a Smart Panel Using Finite Element Model

This paper presents a model reduction method and uncertainty modeling for the design of a low-order H∞ robust controller for suppression of smart panel vibration. A smart panel with collocated piezoceramic actuators and sensors is modeled using solid, transition, and shell finite elements, and then the size of the model is reduced in the state space domain. A robust controller is designed not only to minimize the panel vibration excited by applied uniform acoustic pressure, but also to be reliable in real world applications. This paper introduces the idea of Modal Hankel Singular values (MHSV) to reduce the finite element model to a low-order state space model with minimum model reduction error. MHSV measures balanced controllability and observability of each resonance mode to deselect insignificant resonance modes. State space modeling of realistic control conditions are formulated in terms of uncertainty variables. These uncertainty variables include uncertainty in actuators and sensors performances, uncertainty in the knowledge of resonance frequencies of the structure, damping ratio, static stiffness, unmodeled high resonance vibration modes, etc. The simplified model and the uncertainty model are combined as an integrated state space model, and then implemented in the H∞ control theory for controller parameterization. The low-order robust controller is easy to implement in an analog circuit to provide a low cost solution in a variety of applications where cost may be a limiting factor.
Effectiveness of manual cleaning and disinfection for the elimination of hepatitis C virus from GI endoscopes

Effectiveness of manual cleaning and disinfection for the elimination of hepatitis C virus from GI endoscopes
Effect and fate of intravenously administered porphobilin in rats.

It rats after i.v. prophobilin, blood pressure and pulse rate remained stable, the animals were calm and moved freely with no symptoms or signs of nervous effect. Prophobilin was rapidly excreted in the urine.
A morphologic, pathologic, and virologic study of anogenital warts in men.

• Background and Design.— Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in the anogenital region is associated with benign papillomas (condyloma acuminatum), subtle verrucous changes, subclinical infection, and malignant lesions. Although both men and women are affected, much of the investigation has been directed toward women in the study of cervical and vulvar carcinoma. The current investigation focuses on HPV infection in men. This study was undertaken to correlate the clinical spectrum of disease in our population of male patients with histopathologic features, immunoperoxidase staining for viral capsid antigen, and viral typing. Genital lesions from 26 patients were examined and tested prospectively over a 1-year period. Results.— The 26 lesions examined demonstrated variable morphologic features with regard to location, size, surface characteristics, and color. Histopathologic features were consistent with the diagnosis of venereal warts, but not necessarily diagnostic. Three of five standard histopathologic criteria were present in only 71% of the specimens. Despite the morphologic variability and the indeterminant histopathologic findings, 20 of 23 lesions positive for the genital tract HPV types tested contained HPV types 6 and/or 11. Conclusions.— We conclude that the morphologic appearance of anogenital warts does not necessarily correlate with HPV type. Histopathologic study is helpful in excluding other diagnoses but may be indeterminant in the diagnosis of venereal warts. All men with anogenital warts should be counseled, treated, and undergo follow-up regardless of HPV type. ( Arch Dermatol. 1992;127:495-500)
On unreliable computing systems when heavy-tails appear as a result of the recovery procedure

For some computing systems, failure is rare enough that it can be ignored. In other systems, failure is so common that how to handle it can have a significant impact on the performance of the system. There are many different recovery schemes for tasks, however, they can be classified into three broad categories: 1) Resume: when a task fails, it knows exactly where it stops and can continue at that point when allowed to resume (i.e., preemptive resume - prs); 2) Replace: when a task fails, then later when the processor continues, it begins with a brand new task (i.e., preemptive repeat different prd); and, 3) Restart: when a task fails it loses all work done to that point and must start anew upon continuing later (i.e., preemptive repeat identical - pri).In this paper, assuming a computing system is unreliable, we discuss how heavy-tail (hereafter referred to as power-tail - PT) distributions can appear in a job's task stream given the Restart recovery procedure. This is an important consideration since it is known that power-tails can lead to unstable systems [4], We then demonstrate how to obtain performance and dependablity measures for a class of computing systems comprised of P unreliable processors and a finite number of tasks N given the above recovery procedures.
Activity of acid phosphatase and TPP-ase at a fine structure level in the neuroglia as related to myelination of the brain.

Summary An ultrastructural investigation of the activity of acP and TPP-ase in the neuroglia of different developmental stages of the rabbit corpus callosum was performed. The observations made, lead to following conclusions: 1. The strongest demonstration of end products of acP activity was observed in the large dense bodies of oligodendrocytes at the culminating period of myelination gliosis. 2. At the peak of myelinogenesis a rise in the TPP-ase activity in the oligodendrocytes was localized mainly in the Golgi apparatus. However even in this period the Golgi system was only partially filled with reaction precipitates. 3. The increase of lysosomal acid phosphatase and of TPP-ase activity of the Golgi system of oligodendrocytes seems to be connected with the metabolic processes leading to deposition of myelin components.
Effects of salinity on baldcypress seedlings: Physiological responses and their relation to salinity tolerance

Growth and physiological responses of 15 open-pollinated families of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum var.distichum) subjected to flooding with saline water were evaluated in this study. Ten of the families were from coastal sites in Louisiana and Alabama, USA that have elevated levels of soil-water salinity. The other five families were from inland, freshwater sites in Louisiana. Seedlings from all families tolerated flooding with water of low (2 g 1−1) salinity. Differences in biomass among families became most apparent at the highest salinity levels (6 and 8 g 1−1). Overall, increasing salinity reduced leaf biomass more than root biomass, which in turn was reduced more than stem biomass. A subset of seedlings from the main greenhouse experiment was periodically placed indoors under artificial light, and measurements were made of gas exchange and leaf water potential. Also, tissue concentrations of Cl−, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ were determined at the end of the greenhouse experiment. Significant intraspecific variation was found for nearly all the physiological parameters evaluated, but only leaf concentrations of Na+ and Cl− were correlated with an index of family-level differences in salt tolerance.
Transmission electron microscopy study of cascade collapse in copper during in-situ ion-irradiation at elevated temperatures

The basic mechanisms driving the collapse of point defects produced in collision cascades are investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) characterization of defect microstructure produced in fcc-Cu irradiated with low-fluences of heavy (100 keV Kr) ions at elevated temperature (23--600 C). Areal defect yields are determined from direct TEM observation of the total defect production integrated over the duration of the in-situ ion-irradiation. They are unequivocally demonstrated to decrease with increasing lattice temperature. This decrease in defect yield indicates a proportional decrease in the probability of collapse of cascade regions into defects of size where visible contrast is produced in a TEM.
Circulating immune complex assays in patients with lupus and membranous glomerulonephritis

Abstract We have studied patients with both lupus and membranous glomerulonephritis for the presence of circulating immune complexes using Raji cell radioimmunoassay, solid phase Clq binding radioimmunoassay, and the serum cryoglobulins. Our results show proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis to be associated with greater levels of circulating immune complexes than either lupus or nonlupus membranous glomerulonephritis. The serum cryoglobulins were the most frequently positive assays followed by the Clq binding assay and Raji cell assay. The different immune complex assays appeared to measure overlapping, but not identical, material. Cryoprecipitable immune complexes are more reactive in the Raji cell assay than the Clq binding assay. In both assays however, removal of cryoprecipitable material from serum caused a significant decrease in reactivity. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation analysis of serum further indicated that most of the immune complex activity was of low molecular weight. Our results also suggest that a single immune complex assay may not be adequate for complete characterization of circulating immune complexes in a given disease.
Preparation and HPLC characterization of 3-(2,2,2-trichloroacetamide) propylsilane and 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)propylsilane bonded phases

Utilisation des phases liees du titre pour la separation d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et des composes heterocycliques. Interaction electronique avec ceux-ci et le groupement trichloro. La selectivite des phases liees pour differents composes depend de la solubilite, des effets de l'adsorption et des interactions par transfert de charge. Utilisation de la spectrometrie IR a transformee de Fourier
Development and description of an empirically based ecobehavioral treatment program for child maltreatment

Victims of child maltreatment and their families evince a myriad of behavioral problems, including deficits in parenting skills, social skills, safety skills, anger, stress, and financial management, mood disorders, and abusive behavior. Controlled treatment outcome studies in child maltreated samples have indicated that many of these problems are responsive to clinical intervention strategies. However, empirically based practitioners who treat child maltreatment are faced with the inevitable task of effectively integrating these treatments into their clinical programs. Therefore, this paper describes the development of an ecobehavioral treatment program for child maltreatment that is founded on a comprehensive integration of previously validated procedures. The program's development, and methods of assessment and intervention, will be underscored, including therapist training strategies, and solutions to problems that sometimes occur. Data in support of the program is examined, but primarily as a means to demonstrate how evaluative components may be utilized in practice settings to guide intervention. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation anxiety at the centromere

During mitosis, replicated sister-chromatids must maintain cohesion as they attach to the mitotic spindle. At anaphase, cohesion is lost simultaneously along the entire chromosome, releasing sisters from one another and allowing them to segregate to opposite poles. During meiosis, sisters separate in a two-step process. At anaphase of meiosis I, cohesion is lost along the chromosome arms but is maintained at centromeric regions. Not until meiosis II are sister chromatids able to break the connection at the centromere and separate away from one another. Recent studies suggest that the centromere exhibits dynamics that are very different compared with those of the chromatid arms during both mitosis and meiosis. This review discusses the nature of the specialized chromatid cohesion seen at the centromere.
Adaptive static-output-feedback stabilization using retrospective cost optimization

We present a discrete-time, adaptive, static-output-feedback control law that is effective for systems that are unstable, MIMO, and/or nonminimum phase. In particular, we present numerical examples to provide guidelines concerning the modeling information required for controller implementation. This information includes a sufficient number of Markov parameters to capture the relative degree, the sign of the high-frequency gain, and the nonminimum-phase zeros (if any). No further information about the poles or zeros need be known. In addition, we present a stability proof for a full-state-feedback specialization.
Healing of Nanocracks by Disclinations

We present a new mechanism---discovered using molecular dynamics simulations---that leads to complete healing of nanocracks. This mechanism relies on the generation of crystal defects known as disclinations by migrating grain boundaries. Crack healing by disclinations does not require any compressive loads applied normal to the crack faces and even occurs under monotonic tensile loading. By closing small cracks and suppressing the propagation of others, this mechanism may provide a novel way of mitigating internal damage that influences ductility in nanocrystalline metals.
A multiplicity result for the jumping nonlinearity problem

Abstract We consider a class of nonlinear problems of the form Au + g ( x , u )= f , where A is an unbounded self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space H of L 2 (Ω) -functions, Ω⊂ R N an arbitrary domain, and g : Ω× R → R is a “jumping nonlinearity” in the sense that the limits lim s→−∞ g(x,s) s =a , lim s→∞ g(x,s) s =b exist and “jump” over the principal eigenvalue of the operator − A . Under rather general conditions on the operator L and for suitable a b , we prove some multiplicity results. Applications are given to the wave equation, and elliptic equations in the whole space R N .
Coherent few-photon quantum transport in one-dimensional systems

We give exact solutions for correlated two-photon transport in one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a two-level system, using a Bethe-Ansatz-like approach. The S-matrix is explicitly constructed to account for the transport properties of the photons. We show that the scattering eigenstates of this system include a two-photon bound state that passes through the two-level system as a composite single particle. Also, the two-level system can induce effective attractive or repulsive interactions in space for photons. This general procedure can be applied to the Anderson model as well.
Adaptive IMC control for drug infusion for biological systems

Abstract This paper analyses the sodium nitroprusside infusion rate control problem that occurs in patients after surgery. The process includes several parameters that can vary over a significant range. Analysis of the model parameters has shown that an internal model controller (IMC) that can meet robust stability and performance criteria can be designed for variations in all of the parameters but one. This model parameter is found from an adaptation law that is introduced in this paper. The resulting controller was shown to meet the robust performance criteria for several simulated patients including some that showed extreme reactions to the drug infusion.
Divergence of canonical danger signals: The genome-level expression patterns of human mononuclear cells subjected to heat shock or lipopolysaccharide

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) serve a sentinel role allowing the host to efficiently sense and adapt to the presence of danger signals. Herein we have directly compared the genome-level expression patterns (microarray) of a human PBMC model (THP-1 cells) subjected to one of two canonical danger signals, heat shock or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Based on sequential expression and statistical filters, and in comparison to control cells, we found that 3,988 genes were differentially regulated in THP-1 cells subjected to LPS stress, and 2,921 genes were differentially regulated in THP-1 cells subjected to heat shock stress. Venn analyses demonstrated that the majority of differentially regulated genes (≥ 70%) were uniquely expressed in response to one of the two danger signals. Functional analyses demonstrated that the two danger signals induced expression or repression of genes corresponding to unique pathways, molecular functions, biological processes, and gene networks. In contrast, there were 184 genes that were commonly upregulated by both stress signals, and 430 genes that were commonly downregulated by both stress signals. Interestingly, the 184 commonly upregulated genes corresponded to a gene network broadly related to inflammation, and more specifically to chemokine signaling. These data demonstrate that the mononuclear cell responses to the canonical stress signals, heat shock and LPS, are highly divergent. However, there is a heretofore unrecognized common pattern of gene network expression corresponding to chemokine-related biology. The data also serve as a reference database for investigators in the field of stress signaling.
Comment on “deconvolution of partial pair correlation functions of an n component system using n diffraction experiments”

Abstract The general result of the paper of Dolgopolsky and Johnson is shown to be erroneous.
Comparison of the Native Ulnar Head and a Partial Ulnar Head Resurfacing Implant

Purpose To assess the match in size and shape between the native ulnar head and a partial ulnar head implant in cadaver specimens. Methods Ten fresh-frozen cadaver arms (6 male, 4 female, age range 79–91 years) with no history of previous distal radioulnar joint surgery were used. Radiographic measurements before and after implantation were used to compare ulnar head articular height, width, offset, and ulnar variance. Head diameter was measured using photographs of the resected ulnar heads. Results The partial ulnar head implant consistently reproduced the natural anatomic size and shape for all variables except ulnar head height and ulnar variance. Head height was greater with the implant, but the additional height extended proximally into the distal radioulnar joint synovial recess, which is unlikely to have adverse affects. Ulnar variance match was technique dependent, with a tendency to place the implant in more neutral variance when positive variance was present before surgery. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that a partial ulnar head implant, which replaces the articular surfaces, can closely re-create the ulnar head anatomy. By virtue of restoring the anatomy without an extensive dissection, the clinical results should be expected to at least match the functional results of total head replacement, reduce the rehabilitation, and possibly reduce the risk of joint instability.
Selective DNA amplification regulates transcript levels in plant mitochondria

Most plant mitochondrial genomes exist as subgenomic-size fragments apparently due to recombination between repetitive sequences. This leads to the possibility that independently replicating subgenomic domains could result in mitochondrial gene copy number variation. We show, through Southern-blot analysis of both restricted and intact mtDNA, that there are gene-specific copy number differences in the monocot Zea mays. Comparison of two different maize genotypes, B37(N) and B37(T), a cytoplasmic male-sterile strain, reveal fewer gene copy number differences for B37(T) than for B37(N). In contrast to maize, significant gene copy number differences are not detected in the dicot Brassica hirta. We also demonstrate that mitochondrial transcriptional rates in both species are apparently dependent on gene copy number since relative rates determined by run-on analysis are proportional to relative gene copy numbers. Thus a direct relationship exists between plant mitochondrial gene copy number and transcriptional rate.
Phenomenological dialogue, humanistic psychology, and pseudo‐walls: A response and extension

This article examines Martin Buber's dialogical principle in relationship to humanistic psychology and communication theory. A recent article is taken as a foil to demonstrate how misleading dichotomies might arise to thwart useful synthesis. Special emphasis is given to the concepts of role, image, empathy, and self, along with their phenomenological implications.
Conceptualizing the acceptance of wind and solar electricity

Drawing from research interviews and the academic literature, this article conceptualizes the conditions that promote investor confidence and the social acceptance of wind and solar sources of electricity. It explores the factors influencing the acceptance of commercial wind turbines in Denmark and India and residential solar panels in Germany and the United States. The article begins by justifying its selection of case studies and explaining the methodology behind its research interviews and field visits. It then summarizes some of the key findings in recent surveys of public attitudes and market acceptance concerning renewable energy, with a focus on why some investors and communities reject wind and solar systems whereas others rapidly approve and adopt them. The article proposes that acceptance has multiple dimensions – socio-political, community, and market – that must be met holistically in order for investors and users to embrace renewable energy. The article argues that acceptance hinges upon the prevalence of nine factors; the lack of such factors creates environments where they are rejected. The theory is tested against four case studies that explore the forces driving renewable energy in Denmark, Germany, India, and the United States.
Hair and bone as predictors of tissular mercury concentration in the western Alaska red fox, Vulpes vulpes.

Abstract We evaluated if total mercury (THg) concentrations of keratin-based and bone-based tissues can predict THg concentrations in skeletal muscle, renal medulla, renal cortex, and liver. The THg concentration in matched tissues of 65 red foxes, Vulpes vulpes , from western Alaska was determined. Hair THg concentration had a significant positive correlation with liver, renal medulla, renal cortex, and muscle. The THg concentration for males and females is moderately predictive of THg concentration in the renal cortex and liver for these foxes based on R 2 values (R 2 = 0.61 and 0.63, respectively). Bone is weakly predictive of THg concentration in muscle (R 2 = 0.40), but not a reliable tissue to predict THg concentration in liver (R 2 = 0.24), renal cortex (R 2 = 0.35), or renal medulla (R 2 = 0.25). These results confirm the potential use of trapped animals, specifically foxes, as useful Arctic sentinel species to inform researchers about patterns in THg levels over time as industrialization of the Arctic continues.
The spectrum of appendiceal disease in cystic fibrosis

A retrospective review of 1,220 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients between 1965 and 1989 identified 60 patients who underwent appendectomy. Ten had appendectomy prior to referral and 16 had an incidental appendectomy (primarily meconium ileus). Among the remaining 34 patients, acute appendicitis was present in 19 (1.8% incidence). "Classic appendicitis"--acute abdominal pain shifting to the right lower quadrant (RLQ), focal RLQ tenderness, and elevated white blood cell (WBC) count--was present in 15. Four additional inflamed appendixes were removed in patients following incorrect preoperative diagnosis. Thirteen of these 19 were perforated. Complications included wound infection (2), pelvic abscess (1), ileal obstruction requiring ileostomy (1), and pelvic hematoma (1). There were no deaths. One patient with acute RLQ pain and tenderness had a normal appendix. Seven patients (mean, 20 years) had chronic, intermittent, focal RLQ pain and tenderness not originating periumbilically with a normal WBC count and temperature. At exploration, these appendixes were enlarged and tensely distended with inspissated mucus. Microscopic examination showed no inflammation. Appendectomy resulted in resolution of symptoms without complications. Four additional patients with intermittent RLQ pain and tenderness and a history of recurrent intussusception presented with ileocolic intussusception. Persistent postreduction symptoms in three and failure of reduction in the fourth necessitated celiotomy at which time tensely distended appendixes were removed. Appendectomy led to resolution of symptoms. Three additional enlarged noninflammed appendixes were incidentally removed in asymptomatic patients undergoing unrelated intraabdominal procedures. Appendiceal disease in CF patients represents a spectrum ranging from simple mucous distention to acute appendicitis with perforation. CF patients with pain secondary to a noninflamed distended appendix represent a distinct syndrome cured by appendectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mechanisms Underlying the Acceleration of Thyroid Hormone-Induced Tadpole Metamorphosis by Corticosterone*

Adrenal steroids have been shown to accelerate both spontaneous and thyroid hormone (TH)-induced metamorphosis. The present study is concerned with the mechanisms underlying this effect. Premetamorphic Rana catesbeiana tadpoles were immersed in water containing 1-20 nM T4 or T3 +/- 1 microM corticosterone (B) for 6 to 19 days. B is the predominant glucocorticoid in tadpole plasma before climax. As indicated by the rate of tail resorption and hepatic carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) activity, metamorphosis was significantly accelerated when TH-treated animals also received B: after 14 days in T4 (20 nM), tadpole tail length was decreased by 10%; in T4 + B, the decrease was 19%. At the same time, CPS activity was increased approximately 12-fold in tadpoles in T4 and 18-fold in those in T4 + B. Comparable results were obtained when T3 was employed. Neither tail resorption nor CPS activity was influenced by B alone. Plasma T4 levels attained at all bath concentrations of T4 were increased more than 2-fold when B was present. The same was true when T3 was used. In addition, in tadpoles immersed in 20 nM T4, the plasma T3 level-was significantly increased in the presence of B. Assessment of 5'-deiodinase and 5-deiodinase activities in vitro revealed that administration of B for 7 days resulted in a significant increase in 5'-deiodinase activity in skin and a significant reduction in T3 5-deiodinase activity in both liver and gut. Treatment with B reduced the rate of turnover of T3; 72 h after injection of 0.01 nmol [125I]T3, B-treated tadpoles had retained approximately 58% of the dose vs. 42% in controls. T3 nuclear receptor number (sites per nucleus) as assessed by an in vitro saturation technique was not altered in liver, tail, or red blood cells after 14 days of exposure to B. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that the acceleration of TH-induced metamorphosis by B is due at least in part to its ability to increase the plasma level of T4 or T3 through its effects on the peripheral metabolism of TH. HD-09020
Conductance-peak height correlations for a Coulomb-blockaded quantum dot in a weak magnetic field

We consider statistical correlations between the heights of conductance peaks corresponding to two different levels in a Coulomb-blockaded quantum dot. Correlations exist for two peaks at the same magnetic field if the field does not fully break time-reversal symmetry as well as for peaks at different values of a magnetic field that fully breaks time-reversal symmetry. Our results are also relevant to Coulomb-blockade conductance peak height statistics in the presence of weak spin-orbit coupling in a chaotic quantum dot.
Gang membership and bias against young people who break the law

Abstract High school students (n=148), college students (n=98) and adult church members (n=108) reacted to vignettes depicting an illegal act by a young person: spray painting a wall (malicious mischief) or pointing a handgun at another person (felony menacing). In a randomized 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, manipulated variables were perpetrator as male/female, as Hispanic/not, as a gang member/not, and perpetrator accompanied by other young people versus alone. Church members perceived greatest danger, were most likely to report the incident, but high school students were the most punitive. The mischief vignette showed subjects were less likely to confront gang members, perceived them to be more dangerous, were more likely to report them to police, and more were likely to advocate locking them up. This bias was not observed in the menacing vignette. Perhaps greater seriousness of the incident overwhelmed the salience of gang membership.
Boundary control of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation with low anti-dissipation

We address the problem of Dirichlet and Neumann boundary control of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation on the domain [0, 1]. We note that, while the uncontrolled Dirichlet problem is asymptotically stable when an "anti-diffusion" parameter is small, and unstable when it is large (the critical value of the parameter), the uncontrolled Neumann problem is never asymptotically stable. We develop a Neumann feedback law that guarantees L/sup 2/-global exponential stability and H/sup 2/-global asymptotic stability for small values of the anti-diffusion parameter. The more interesting problem of boundary stabilization when the anti-diffusion parameter is large remains open. Our proof of global existence and uniqueness of solutions of the closed-loop system involves construction of a Green function and application of the Banach contraction mapping principle.