cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of TCRαβ Combinations used by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8 + T Cells in Rhesus Monkeys: Implications for CTL Immunodominance

Immunodominance is a common feature of Ag-specific CTL responses to infection or vaccines. Understanding the basis of immunodominance is crucial to understanding cellular immunity and viral evasion mechanisms and will provide a rational approach for improving HIV vaccine design. This study was performed comparing CTLs specific for the SIV Gag p11C (dominant) and SIV Pol p68A (subdominant) epitopes that are consistently generated in Mamu-A*01(+) rhesus monkeys exposed to SIV proteins. Additionally, vaccinated monkeys were used to prevent any issues of antigenic variation or dynamic changes in CTL responses by continuous Ag exposure. Analysis of the TCR repertoire revealed the usage of higher numbers of TCR clones by the dominant p11C-specific CTL population. Preferential usage of specific TCRs and the in vitro functional TCR-alpha- and -beta-chain-pairing assay suggests that every peptide/MHC complex may only be recognized by a limited number of unique combinations of alpha- and beta-chain pairs. The wider array of TCR clones used by the dominant p11C-specific CTL population might be explained by the higher probability of generating those specific TCR chain pairs. Our data suggest that Ag-specific naive T cell precursor frequency may be predetermined and that this process dictates immunodominance of SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. These findings will aid in understanding immunodominance and designing new approaches to modulate CTL responses.
Unsheltered Homelessness Among Veterans: Correlates and Profiles

We identified correlates of unsheltered status among Veterans experiencing homelessness and described distinct subgroups within the unsheltered homeless Veteran population using data from a screening instrument for homelessness that is administered to all Veterans accessing outpatient care at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facility. Correlates of unsheltered homelessness included male gender, white race, older age, lower levels of VHA eligibility, substance use disorders, frequent use of VHA inpatient and infrequent use of VHA outpatient services, and residing in the West. We identified six distinct subgroups of unsheltered Veterans; the tri-morbid frequent users represented the highest need group, but the largest group was comprised of Veterans who made highly infrequent use of VHA healthcare services. Differences between sheltered and unsheltered Veterans and heterogeneity within the unsheltered Veteran population should be considered in targeting housing and other interventions.
Of Cosmic Background Anisotropies

Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation have put the standard model of cosmology, the Big Bang, on firm footing and provide tests of various ideas of large scale structure formation. CMB observations now let. us test the role of gravity and General Relativity in cosmology including the geometry, topology, and dynamics of the Universe. Foreground galactic emissions, dust thermal emission and emission from energetic electrons, provide a serious limit to observations. Nevertheless, observations may determine if the evolution of the Universe can be understood from fundamental physical principles.
Etiology and outcome for 295 patients with acute liver failure in the united states

Little information is available on acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States. We gathered demographic data retrospectively for a 2-year period from July 1994 to June 1996 on all cases of ALF from 13 hospitals (12 liver transplant centers). Data on the patients included age, hepatic coma grade on admission, presumed cause, transplantation, and outcome. Among 295 patients, 74 (25%) survived spontaneously, 121 (41%) underwent transplantation, and 99 (34%) died without undergoing transplantation. Ninety-two of 121 patients (76%) survived 1 year after transplantation. Acetaminophen overdose was the most frequent cause (60 patients; 20%), followed by cryptogenic/non A non B non C (NANBNC; 15%), idiosyncratic drug reactions (12%), hepatitis B (10%), and hepatitis A (7%). Spontaneous survival rates were highest for patients with acetaminophen overdose (57%) and hepatitis A (40%) and lowest for those with Wilson's disease (no survivors of 18 patients). The transplantation rate was highest for Wilson's disease (17 of 18 patients; 94%) and lowest for autoimmune hepatitis (29%) and acetaminophen overdose (12%). Age did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors, perhaps reflecting a selection bias for patients transferred to liver transplant centers. Coma grade on admission was not a significant determinant of outcome, but showed a trend toward affecting both survival and transplantation rate. These findings on retrospectively studied patients from the United States differ from those previously gathered in the United Kingdom and France, highlighting the need for further study of trends in each country.
Electromagnetic confinement and shaping for a plate-form part

Abstract The relationship between the melt shape, the electromagnetic pressure and the magnetic field is studied for the electromagnetic confinement and shaping of a plate-form part. The results of experimental observation and theoretical inference can be summarized as follows. If the melt thickness a is sufficiently large, providing a ratio of plate thickness to current theoretical skin depth, a / δ >2.2, the electromagnetic pressure acting on the melt can be expressed simply as P m = B 2 /2 μ , and the melt shape can be known just by measuring the distribution of the magnetic flux density. If a is small and makes the ratio a / δ B , but also by the melt thickness a , the electromagnetic parameter μγ and the current frequency f. In this paper, an equation for calculating the electromagnetic pressure acting on a “thin plate-form melt” is proposed. The equation gives the precise relationship between the electromagnetic pressure factor p and the melt thickness a , the electromagnetic parameter μγ and the current frequency f .
Flexible photonic metastructures for tunable coloration

The ability to actively control the perceived color of objects is highly desirable for a variety of applications, such as camouflage, sensing, and displays. We report a completely new flexible, high-contrast metastructure (HCM) whose color can be varied by stretching the membrane. This is accomplished by annihilating the 0th order diffraction while enhancing the -1st order, a new phenomenon made possible with a large index contrast. The color perception of the HCM can thus be changed by varying its period. The structure is fabricated using silicon metastructures embedded in a flexible membrane. We experimentally demonstrate brilliant colors and change the color from green to orange (39 nm wavelength change) with a stretch of 25 nm period change. The same effect can be used for steering a laser beam, with more than 36 resolvable beam spots being demonstrated.
A SIMPLE DETERMINISTIC MODEL FOR VOLCANIC ASHFALL DEPOSITION

We describe a simple deterministic model for the dispersion of particulate ash which has been ejected into the atmosphere by a volcanic eruption. In our model the atmosphere is divided into a series of horizontal layers within which the physical parameters involved are constant. This is an effective way to allow for the changing behaviour of the particulate ash and atmospheric flow with height whilst retaining simplicity. From our model we construct an analytical expression for the final deposit which could be incorporated within hazard assessment projections. In particular we show how to allow for variation with height of dispersion (caused by turbulence due to the wind) and settling speed (affected by the agglomeration and fragmentation of particles). doi:10.1017/S1446181108000047
Season and Migration Alters the Corticosterone Response to Capture and Handling in an Arctic Migrant, the White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)

Abstract The Gambel's race of white-crowned sparrow ( Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii ) migrates each year from their wintering grounds in the Southwestern United States to the Arctic to breed. Associated with this migration is a change in both the nonstressed and the stress-induced levels of circulating plasma corticosterone. Birds were captured at two sites on their wintering grounds (New Mexico and Arizona). Although stress-induced corticosterone levels were elevated at each site compared to nonstressed levels, there were no differences between wintering sites. These were also similar to levels in birds caught in Washington state during fall migration. In contrast, nonstressed corticosterone values were greatly elevated in birds on their breeding grounds in Alaska and similar to stress-induced levels in wintering birds. Corticosterone levels rose even further in response to the stress of capture and handling in breeding birds. These augmented corticosterone levels during breeding were not associated with weather. Both nonstressed and stress-induced corticosterone levels were similar in birds caught on their breeding grounds on two different years, one with temperatures during mid-May of approximately 0°C during a snowstorm and the other with temperatures in the mid-20s. These results suggest that seasonal physiological changes, and not local conditions, underlie seasonal changes in corticosterone levels. Furthermore, birds caught in Washington state during spring migration had intermediate levels of both nonstressed and stress-induced corticosterone. Corticosterone release may function differently during spring and fall migrations.
Mechanisms Regulating the Diffusion of the Lipid Raft Marker Cholera Toxin B Subunit

The B subunit of cholera toxin (CTXB) is generally accepted as a marker of lipid rafts. Compared to other raft markers or lipid-anchored proteins, CTXB exhibits relatively slow diffusion. A variety of mechanisms could potentially account for this slow diffusion of CTXB, including crosslinking of small raft domains, confinement by the actin cytoskeleton, association with caveolae, incorporation into actively maintained domains, or molecular crowding effects in response to elevated membrane protein density. We evaluated the role of each of these mechanisms in controlling the lateral diffusion of CTXB in the current study by employing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) of fluorescently labeled CTXB following actin depolymerization, ATP depletion, cholesterol depletion, labeling across a range of CTXB concentrations, or in caveolin-1 knockout MEFs. Of these conditions, only cholesterol depletion significantly altered the diffusional mobility of CTXB. Furthermore, we tested whether the slow diffusion of CTXB is an intrinsic property of its receptor by examining the effects of CTXB on the diffusion of a fluorescent GM1 analog. The results of this experiment showed that CTXB slows the diffusion of its receptor. However, binding of CTXB to cells did not affect the diffusion of another raft marker (YFP-GL-GPI), a non-raft marker (YFP-GT46), or a fluorescent lipid analog (DiIC16). Taken together, these data suggest that CTXB diffusion is not limited by actin corrals, caveolae, molecular crowding effects, or the intrinsically slow diffusion of GM1. In addition, they suggest that crosslinking of small rafts induced by CTXB binding does not substantially alter the dynamics of membrane domains enriched in other types of raft or non-raft proteins or lipids.
The development of pneumoperitoneum as a result of botox injection for treatment of achalasia

The development of pneumoperitoneum as a result of botox injection for treatment of achalasia
Degree of ethnicity and aspirations for upward social mobility among Mexican American youth

Abstract Theoretical statements by Talcott Parsons and others were used as a basis in deriving the hypothesis guiding this effort: that degree of identification with the Mexican American subculture among adolescents is inversely related to desire for upward social mobility. Data used to test this hypothesis were available from a 1967 study of over 500 Mexican American high school sophomores from South Texas. Ethnic identification was indicated by an index of the use of Spanish in a variety of situations. Aspiration for intergenerational mobility was measured through cross-classification of the respondents' occupational aspirations with the job of main breadwinner in his family. Comparative analysis of “upwardly mobile” and “nonmobile” respondents by ethnicity, SES, and sex and comparison of ethnicity scores by degree of mobility projected for each SES type did not support the hypothesis. Relevant theoretical implications were drawn and suggestions were provided for future research.
The association between educational attainment and mental status examinations: of etiologic significance for senile dementias or not?

BOTH EDUCATIONAL level and socioeconomic status are associated with virtually every cause of morbidity and mortality. In almost all cases, for a multitude of reasons, people of lower socioeconomic groups have higher rates of disease [l-4]. For some diseases they do not have higher rates of disease incidence but still have higher rates of mortality (case-fatality) or disability [5,6]. People with few years of schooling are also known to have poorer performance scores on most kinds of intelligence and mental status exams [7-91. The question of central importance regarding the influence of education and socioeconomic status on performance of mental status exams is whether education (or some factor highly correlated with it) is of etiologic significance in the development of senile dementia (which mental status exams were designed to screen for) or whether the association reflects a stable characteristic of the individual in his or her mental performance which leads to differential misclassification and detection bias. If we are sure that educational level influences mental status scores exclusively via the latter pathway, then various adjustment procedures might well be justified. However, if there is a possibility that some part of the association between educational level and mental status score is the result of the influence of this factor on a disease process ultimately resulting in senile dementia and subsequent mental deterioration, it would clearly be a mistake to “adjust” for such a factor in the screening process for the disease. It is this latter perspective I would like to support. We have not yet arrived at such an advanced stage in our research efforts in this area that we can say with confidence that educational variability in rates of dementia are non-existent or trivial and should therefore be ignored. In fact, there are some reasons to suspect the opposite; that is, that educational level and/or socio-environmental exposures and behaviors correlated with it may be genuine risk factors for various senile dementias and are worthy of scientific exploration in their own right. The perspective I would like to present is not that the evidence indicates that such factors are risk factors, but rather that they may potentially be regarded as risk factors and ought to be investigated rather than obscured by essentially “over-adjusting”. In other words, educational level reflects many factors-social, environmental, behavioral, psychological, and biological. Many of these factors may be risk factors for dementias. Thus, education differences in mental status scores may reflect more than detection differences, although some amount of misclassification is likely to be present. What are the possible pathways by which such educational variables could influence the incidence or course and disability of dementias? Let us assume that the majority of senile
Effect of arsenical drugs on glutathione metabolism of Litomosoides carinii.

Abstract Despite centuries of therapeutic use, the mechanism of action of arsenicals against various diseases remains unknown. Because of the known inhibition of sulfhydryl-containing enzymes by arsenicals, we investigated the possibility that the anti-filarial effects of arsenical drugs might be exerted specifically through impairment of parasite thiol metabolism. We find: (1) arsenicals readily inhibit glutathione reductase of Litomosoides carinii but have little effect upon mammalian enzyme. (2) Administration of Melarsen B to filaria-infected gerbils causes decreases in filarial — but not host — glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione. (3) Such in vivo treatment does not, however, acutely affect parasite energy (ATP) metabolism. These results support the proposition that arsenicals may act through preferential interference with parasite thiol metabolism. The much greater susceptibility of parasite glutathione reductase to inhibition by arsenicals suggests that this enzyme may be a useful point of attack for new drugs.
Informed Consent in Professionalism

W415 What information should be presented? How should the conversation take place? Someone must take responsibility for putting informed consent into practice. A variety of organizations outside the patient-physician relationship may play roles in this process. For example, governmental agencies, news media, and drug and device manufacturers help to educate patients about the benefits and risks of medical procedures [2], but the final responsibility for actually ensuring that patients are able to make well-informed and voluntary decisions rests with individual health professionals. Merely supplying information is insufficient—a conversation in which the patient can ask questions must take place. With regard to radiologic procedures, there are reasons to think that referring health professionals may be well positioned to obtain informed consent. For one thing, the referring physician is the one who is requesting the procedure. In many cases, the referring physician has a longer and deeper relationship with the patient, whereas the radiologist may be meeting the patient for the first time. The referring physician also may be more familiar with the patient’s overall history and current condition and, therefore, better able to situate the benefits and risks of the radiologic procedure in the larger context of the patient’s care [2]. Yet ultimate responsibility for ensuring informed consent for radiologic procedures rests with the radiologist. The radiologist is the one performing and interpreting the examination and being compensated for doing so [2]. The radiologist generally possesses the best understanding of the proposed procedure and other imaging alternatives. Having the radiology department take responsibility for informed consent ensures that the process is more standardized than if responsibility rested with referring physicians. Finally, the radiologist is likely to be the last physician to speak with the patient Informed Consent in Professionalism
Performance-reliability issues in distributed file systems

This paper discusses some policies for performance-reliability improvement in distributed file systems. File replication, file migration, and process migration are considered, and the decision whether to replicate a file, or to move a file or a process, is based on the workload demands on the system resources. The utilization of system components, especially that of the communication network, is important, and the system bottleneck and the hosts' bottlenecks are detected. A model of a distributed system is constructed and consists of a number of hosts connected by a communication network. Concurrency control policy allows transaction type access to the shared resources. A unit of concurrency control (i.e., entity to be locked) is a sector of a file. Concurrency control policy is a single writer or multiple readers. Two-phase locking protocol is used for transaction serialization.
Comparative Histophysiology of the Pancreatic Islets

The embryological origin of the islet tissue from a common entodermal anlage with the exocrine pancreas has been questioned recently. The islet tissue may be of. neural crest origin, and the ancestral islet cells may have been “taste cells in the gut.” Whether the separation of exocrine and endocrine tissue in the cyclostomes is an original one or not remains an open phylogenetic key question. One or more islet hormones affect the exocrine pancreas tissue. However, the islet topography in various groups shows that intrapancreatic islet dissemination is not a general prerequisite for the normal function of the exocrine tissue. The D-cell is now generally recognized as the source of a third islet hormone. A fourth granular cell type (X-cell) may well secrete a fourth islet hormone. The significance of the amphiphil islet cells, found in various species, and of the “light” cells of the cyclostomes requires further studies. The islet function in lower vertebrates is largely unknown. So far, neither the islet cytology nor the known effects of pancreatectomy allow far-reaching conclusions. The evolution of the islet functions may be only understood when their interactions with the pituitary functions become clear.
Prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin E1 and thromboxane B2 release from human monocytes treated with C3b or bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Abstract C3b or lipopolysaccharide treatment of human peripheral blood monocytes in culture stimulates an early release of thromboxane B 2 and a delayed release of prostaglandin E into culture supernatants. Immunoreactive thromboxane B 2 release is maximal from 2–8 h, whereas prostaglandin E release is maximal from 16–24 h after stimulation of monocytes in culture. We further examined this process by comparing the time course of labelled prostaglandin E 2 , prostaglandin E 1 and thromboxane B 2 release from human monocytes which were pulse or continuously labelled with [ 3 H]arachidonic acid and [ 14 C]eicosatrienoic acid. The release of labelled eicosanoids was compared with the release of immunoreactive prostaglandin E and thromboxane B 2 . The time course of prostaglandin E 2 release was virtually identical to the release of prostaglandin E 1 in all culture supernatants regardless of labelling conditions. However, release of immunoreactive prostaglandin E paralleled the release of labelled prostaglandin E 1 and E 2 only for continuously labelled cultures. The release of labelled prostaglandin E 1 and E 2 from pulse labelled cultures paralleled the release of thromboxane B 2 and not immunoreactive prostaglandin. In contrast, labelled and immunoreactive thromboxane B 2 , quantitated in the same culture supernatants, demonstrated similar release patterns regardless of labelling conditions. These findings indicate that the differential pattern of prostaglandin E and thromboxane B 2 release from human monocytes is not related to a time-dependent shift in the release of prostaglandin E 1 relative to prostaglandin E 2 . Because thromboxane B 2 and prostaglandin E 2 are produced through cyclooxygenase mediated conversion of arachidonic acid, these results further suggest that prostaglandin E 2 and thromboxane B 2 are independently metabolized in human monocyte populations.
ADVERTISEMENT CALLS OF THE TREE FROGS, HYLA ARBOREA AND HYLA SAVIGNYI (ANURA: HYLIDAE) IN TURKEY

ABSTRACT The systematic classification of tree frogs (Hyla) inhabiting different regions of the country of Turkey is unclear. Recordings of natural advertisement calls of individual male tree frogs in different locations in Turkey were analyzed to determine variation in acoustic features that may be related to taxonomic status. Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that call duration, intercali interval and number of pulses per call varied significantly between frogs in different locales. Call duration, intercall interval, and number of pulses per call were related to air temperature. Dominant frequency differed significantly between different groups of frogs, and was temperature-independent. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that tree frogs in Turkey represent two distinct species, Hyla arborea and Hyla savignyi.
SU-E-I-194: Motion Detection Based Adaptive Temporal Filtering for Image Guided Procedures Using the High Resolution Microangiographic Fluoroscope (MAF)

Purpose: To implement real‐time adaptive temporal filtering based on amount of motion detected for an object of interest during fluoroscopy. For a stationary object, higher‐weight temporal filtering is used and during movement the weight is reduced in real‐time. Methods: A phantom consisting of two stents (stainless steel and nitinol) mounted on a linear stage, and a stationary third stent (nitinol stent with platinum markers) was assembled. The stent strut sizes ranged between 80 to 100 micron. Fluoroscopy was done using the custom high resolution Micro Angiographic Fluoroscope (MAF) with an x‐ray spectrum hardened by a head equivalent phantom. The stainless steel stent was selected as the object of interest and was localized using a pattern matching algorithm available as a part of LabVIEW IMAQ Vision software. A real time adaptive temporal filter was developed. When the stent was found to be stationary, the temporal filtering weight was increased. Depending on the amount of motion the weight was reduced; more the motion, lesser the weight. Results: Without temporal filtering, the nitinol stent could not be seen. When the stents were stationary, and the temporal filter weight was increased, the nitinol stent could be clearly visualized due to the quantum noise reduction. When the same temporal filter was used while the stents were in motion, then motion blur reduced the visibility of the nitinol stent and the struts of stainless steel stent also could not be distinguished from each other. In this case when the temporal filtering weight was reduced the stainless steel stent struts were visualized better. Conclusions: Motion based adaptive temporal filtering can be implemented to aid during interventional procedures by tracking the motion of the high contrast interventional device to improve the visualization of lower contrast neurovascular objects. Support: NIH Grants R01‐EB008425, R01‐EB002873
Reply by Jane Jaquette

Sawer's and Mansbridge's comments reinforce my concern that feminists are not taking the state as seriously as they need to in order to address redistributional issues. "Wary usage' of the state suggests an alternative to cooptation or opposition.
Positive oxidative stress in aging and aging-related disease tolerance

It is now well established that reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and a basal level of oxidative stress are essential for cell survival. It is also well known that while severe oxidative stress often leads to widespread oxidative damage and cell death, a moderate level of oxidative stress, induced by a variety of stressors, can yield great beneficial effects on adaptive cellular responses to pathological challenges in aging and aging-associated disease tolerance such as ischemia tolerance. Here in this review, I term this moderate level of oxidative stress as positive oxidative stress, which usually involves imprinting molecular signatures on lipids and proteins via formation of lipid peroxidation by-products and protein oxidation adducts. As ROS/RNS are short-lived molecules, these molecular signatures can thus execute the ultimate function of ROS/RNS. Representative examples of lipid peroxidation products and protein oxidation adducts are presented to illustrate the role of positive oxidative stress in a variety of pathological settings, demonstrating that positive oxidative stress could be a valuable prophylactic and/or therapeutic approach targeting aging and aging-associated diseases.
A Densified Liquid Methane Delivery System for the Altair Ascent Stage

¶The Altair Lunar Lander is currently carrying options for both cryogenic and hypergolic ascent stage propulsion modules. The cryogenic option uses liquid methane and liquid oxygen to propel Altair from the lunar surface back to rendezvous with the Orion command module. Recent studies have determined that the liquid methane should be densified by subcooling it to 93 K in order to prevent over-pressurization of the propellant tanks during the 210 day stay on the lunar surface. A trade study has been conducted to determine the preferred method of producing, loading, and maintaining the subcooled, densified liquid methane onboard Altair from a ground operations perspective. The trade study took into account the limitations in mass for the launch vehicle and the mobile launch platform as well as the historical reliability of various components and their thermal efficiencies. Several unique problems were encountered, namely delivering a small amount of a cryogenic propellant to a flight tank that’s positioned over 350 feet above the launch pad as well as generating the desired delivery temperature of the methane at 93 K which is only 2.3 K above the methane triple point of 90.7 K. Over twenty methods of subcooled liquid methane production and delivery along with the associated system architectures were investigated to determine the best solutions to the problem. The top four cryogenic processing solutions were selected for further evaluation and detailed thermal modeling. This paper describes the results of the preliminary trade analysis of the twenty plus methane densification methods considered. The results of the detailed analysis will be briefed to the Altair Project Office and their propulsion team as well as the Ground Operations Project Office before the down-select is made between cryogenic and hypergolic ascent stages in August, 2010.
A PERSPECTIVE ON SAFEGUARDING AND MONITORING EXCESS MILITARY PLUTONIUM

The purpose of this paper is to provide a perspective and framework for the development of safeguarding and monitoring procedures for the various stages of disposition of excess military plutonium. The paper briefly outlines and comments on some of the issues involved in safeguarding and monitoring excess military plutonium as it progresses from weapons through dismantlement, to fabrication as reactor fuel, to use in a reactor, and fmally to storage and disposal as spent fuel. “Military” refers to ownership, and includes both reactor-grade and weapon-grade plutonium. “Excess” refers to plutonium (in any form) that a government decides is no longer needed for military use and can be irrevocably removed from military stockpiles. Many of the issues and proposals presented in this paper are based on, or are similar to, those mentioned in the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report on excess military plutonium.1
Dimer switching on Si(100)

Abstract First-principles-based molecular dynamics simulations are reported for the (100) surface of Si. Both 2×1 and 4×2 unit cells were treated, with twelve or six layers of atoms allowed to move independently. The following results were obtained: (1) There is a strong tendency toward the formation of dimer rows. (2) Tilted dimers are preferred, and in the simulations at 200 K only tilted dimers were observed. (3) At 300 K the dimers still spend most of their time in tilted positions. However, each dimer is occasionally observed to switch among the three available geometries: tilted left, untilted, and tilted right. There are low barriers (∽0.1 eV) separating these local energy minima. (4) At 750 K there are large amplitude, very anharmonic vibrations about the untilted geometry.
The incorporation of ornithine-[2,3-13C2] into nicotine and nornicotine established by NMR

Abstract dl -Ornithine-[2,3- 13 C 2 ] was synthesized from acetate-[1- 13 C] and ethyl acetamidocyanoacetate-[2- 13 C]. This labelled material was mixed with dl -ornithine-[5- 14 C] and fed to Nicotiana glutinosa plants by the wick method. After 10 days the plants were harvested affording radioactive nicotine and nornicotine (0.14% and 0.051% specific incorporations, respectively). Even at these low specific incorporations an examination of their 13 C NMR spectra established the incorporation of ornithine symmetrically into the pyrrolidine rings of these alkaloids. Satellites were observable at the signals due to C-2′, 3′, 4′ and 5′ positions, arising by the presence of contiguous carbons at C-2′, 3′ and C-4′, 5′.
A note on the eigenvalue relationship for USAOR iterative method applied to p-cyclic matrices

A new relationship of eigenvalues between the Jacobi iterative matrix and the USAOR iterative matrix for a general block p-cyclic case is derived. Many known results are its special cases.
Organometallic osmium and iridium complexes as phosphorescent dye in barometric sensitive coatings

Abstract Pressure sensitive paints (PSP) that measure changes in barometric pressure through oxygen quenching are an important analytical tool in wind tunnel and other research. PSPs are often used during the development phase of new aircraft, cars, and trucks where the performance of the proposed vehicle is researched. Previously, many PSPs have been based upon charged phosphorescent metal complex salts that may have poor solubility in the oxygen permeable host material. Charge neutral phosphorescent dyes should have better solubility, and to demonstrate this, neutral osmium and iridium complexes are presented in this report. X-ray structures are measured and DFT calculations are used to explain many of their properties. The complexes are dissolved into poly(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate-co-1H,1H-dihydroperfluorobutyl-methacrylate) (FIB), an oxygen permeable host polymer. The complexes exhibit good solubility and compatibility with the FIB polymer. The photo-degradation, temperature sensitivity, and Stern–Volmer curves of PSPs based on these complexes are presented. The complexes show great promise for use in PSPs.
An objective assessment of the advantages of retrograde parotidectomy

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine whether the retrograde parotidectomy approach is more efficient than standard anterograde parotidectomy without compromise of surgical effectiveness.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing parotidectomy was conducted. Cases were divided into those undergoing retrograde facial nerve dissection and those undergoing standard anterograde facial nerve dissection. From the review of medical records, standard demographic information, surgical time, histopathology, estimated blood loss, and use of facial nerve monitoring were determined. Pathology was reviewed to determine the size of the overall resection specimen as well as the size of the lesion excised and margin status. Postoperative complications were also recorded. Statistical comparisons were conducted between these 2 approaches for these clinical variables such as surgical time, blood loss, tumor margin status and relative volume of tissue removed during parotidectomy.RESULTS: 45 patients...
Mental Health and Family Functioning as Correlates of a Sedentary Lifestyle Among Low-Income Women with Young Children

The authors in this cross-sectional study examined mental health and family environmental factors related to a sedentary lifestyle, including lack of leisure-time physical activity and high levels of television viewing, among low-income mothers/female guardians of preschool-aged children. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 131 mothers in 2010. Primary outcome measures included television viewing time (minutes/day) and leisure-time physical activity ( 3 hours). Additionally, 36% of women engaged in less than the recommended 150-minute leisure-time physical activity per week. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that greater depressive symptoms (B = 76.4, p < 0.01) and lower family functioning (B = 33.0, p < 0.05) were independently related to greater television viewing when controlling for other variables. No independent factors were identified for lack of leisure-time physical activity when controlling for other covariates. Findings suggest that health promotion efforts to promote an active lifestyle among low-income women with young children should address mental health and family functioning factors, especially depressive symptoms.
Comprehending anaphoric metaphors

In this study we investigate the comprehension of various kinds of anaphoric metaphors in context. We describe an experiment that manipulated the metaphoricity of simple noun + verb + ending sentences by using either a metaphoric noun or a metaphoric verb or both. Our results show that metaphoric nouns affect sentence comprehension to a greater extent than do metaphoric verbs. Thus, even though there were no sentence-reading time differences between metaphoric and literal targets, metaphoric nouns were read more slowly than were literal nouns, and they also affected the reading time of the following verb. Moreover, in trials involving metaphoric-noun targets, participants read the endings of the targets faster and made more mistakes in answering posttrial questions than they did in literal-noun trials. We argue that these results suggest a comprehension deficit for anaphoric noun metaphors even when they are preceded by a context.
Japanese encephalitis in Sarawak: studies on adult mosquito populations.

Abstract In a one year study of the epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis in a ricefield and village ecosystem in Sarawak, Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the major mosquito species biting man and pigs. The highest numbers of this insect biting man were collected in the village, while greatest numbers biting pigs were found in the ricefields. Blood feeding was almost exclusively at night. The numbers of C. tritaeniorhynchus collected by different trapping methods varied throughout the year with low populations in July and August and with a 10-fold population increase in October and November, as a result of increased breeding due to the preparation of ricefields for cultivation.
An automated repellency assay system. II. A new electronic "Bitometer-timer".

An instrument is described that makes electronic screening of potential mosquito repellents more efficient and accurate. The instrument consists essentially of 2 digital timers and a meter relay. One timer runs continuously throughout the period of the test, while the other is actuated only when an insect bites a host. A direct and immediate measure of the percentage of time of biting thus becomes available for insertion into a computer program that yields statistical confidence limits for repellency.
The evolution of instabilities in the axisymmetric jet. I - The linear growth of disturbances near the nozzle. II - The flow resulting from the interaction between two waves

The modal distribution of coherent structures evolving near the nozzle of a circular jet was studied experimentally and theoretically, with particular attention given to the effects produced on the instability modes by transverse curvature, flow divergence, inhomogeneous inflow conditions, and the detailed shape of the mean velocity profile. Experiments were performed using a specially constructed air-jet facility; hot-wire anemometers were used in conjunction with Disa Model 55P11 sensors for flow measurements. The linear model used as a transfer function is capable of predicting the spectral distribution of the velocity perturbations in a jet. Consideration was also given to studies of leading nonlinear interactions generated by waves externally superimposed on an axisymmetric jet; theoretical predictions were verified experimentally.
Chromatic-discrimination axes, CRT phosphor spectra, and individual variation in color vision

There is a growing use of color monitor systems in visual research and a parallel growth in the use of cone-excitation space to define stimuli and to report data. Color specification in monitor systems is accomplished by combination of the phosphor chromaticities. The effect of interobserver variation on color specification is highly dependent on the spectroradiometric properties of the primaries. We review potential sources of biologic variability and its effect on the nominal axes in a cone-excitation diagram for a color monitor system. Variation in preretinal pigment (lens and macular pigment), in the effective optical density and the spectral sensitivity of the visual photopigments, and in the cone weighting used to derive the spectral luminosity function are considered. The consequences of such biological variability are rotation and translation of the axes for a given observer relative to the nominal axes that the observer used for color specification. The importance of such rotations can be viewed within the framework of a particular experimental paradigm.
Initiation of human cytomegalovirus infection requires initial interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate.

In this report, we demonstrate that the initial event in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is attachment to extracellular heparan sulfate. Further, this interaction is important for initiation of infection in fibroblast cells. Using microbinding assays to specifically monitor virus attachment as well as plaque titration assays to measure infectivity, we found that heparin competition as well as enzymatic digestion of cells with heparinase blocked virus attachment, initiation of immediate-early gene expression and infectivity. Other major glycosaminoglycans were found not to be involved in HCMV attachment and infectivity. In addition, HCMV was unable to attach to mutant derivatives of Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Basic fibroblast growth factor, which requires initial interaction with extracellular heparin prior to binding to its high affinity receptor, also inhibited HCMV attachment to cells. Time-course experiments revealed that the initial HCMV binding was sensitive to heparin competition (10 μg/ml) or 0.75 M salt washes. The initial heparin-dissociable binding converted rapidly to high affinity (heparin resistant) HCMV attachment. These data suggest that sequential receptor interactions may mediate HCMV adsorption to cells. Heparin affinity chromatography revealed that multiple HCMV envelope glycoproteins, including gB, are capable of binding to heparin.
Emotion and cognition in the films of Bernardo Bertolucci

Confined to a wheelchair and depressed, Bernardo Bertolucci was convinced that The Dreamers (2003), a nostalgic reverie of sex, politics and cinema, would remain his last film. Then, after almost 1...
A-C shocks of varying parameters affecting the heart

It is well known that both the human and the dog's heart may be thrown into ventricular fibrillation by 60-cycle a-c shocks, resulting in the cessation of circulation followed by death. There are, however, little data available as to the magnitude of the current of various durations that will result in fibrillation, nor is there much information as to how the induction of fibrillation is influenced by the timing of the shock in the heart cycle. Ferris, Williams, Spence, and King1 found that the sheep's heart was most vulnerable to shocks that fell during the T phase of the electrocardiogram of the heart.
FIELD NOTES: PRE-PLACEMENT ANXIETY AMONG FOUNDATION-YEAR MSW STUDENTS: A FOLLOW-UP STUDY

This Field Note presents a follow-up to a pilot study that explored pre-field placement anxiety for 1st-year MSW students. Previous studies report that students experience significant anxiety as they anticipate their field placement, and research indicates that anxiety has the potential to affect learning. A sample of 204 students reported moderate levels of anxiety, comparable to previous findings. Older students, and those with prior work and classroom experience, reported significantly less anxiety. Students described specific concerns but also viewed anxiety as an expectable response with positive connotations for enhanced learning. Implications for social work education and future research are discussed.
Transmission studies with Sarcocystis idahoensis of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus).

Transmission studies with Sarcocystis idahoensis of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) were conducted to determine host specificity of various stages of the parasite. Sporocysts were not passed by four dogs or four cats fed infected skeletal muscle from deer mice. Seven white mice (Mus musculus) and 34 white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were negative for sarcocysts and liver meronts following oral inoculation with S. idahoensis sporocysts; however, excystation of sporocysts occurred in two white-footed mice killed four hours post inoculation (PI). A gopher snake orally inoculated with sporocysts remained negative for coccidia for two months PI. Three deer mice orally inoculated and three intraperitoneally (IP) inoculated with tachyzoites from liver meronts developed sarcocysts in their skeletal muscles similar to those seen in deer mice orally inoculated with sporocysts. Liver meronts were not found. Ten deer mice orally inoculated and 10 deer mice inoculate...
Patient-Centered Communication in Cancer Care: The Role of the NCI’s Cancer Information Service

While patient-centered care and the reduction of suffering due to cancer are primary goals of the NCI, improvement in the delivery of patient-centered communication has been identified as a key NCI research priority. As research on patient-centered communication evolves, the potential contributions of programs such as the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Cancer Information Service (CIS) cannot be overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to describe how the six core functions of patient-clinician communication described in the literature (fostering healing relationships, exchanging information, responding to emotions, managing uncertainty, making decisions and enabling patient-self management) are embedded in the work of the CIS. The communication process used by the CIS to extend the patient-centered communication role of the clinician will be discussed. CIS training and quality management systems will be described. Lastly, suggestions for the role of CIS in future health information delivery and research will be explored.
Obtaining reliable performance measures on the sensory organization test: altered testing sequences in young adults.

OBJECTIVE The present study assessed test reliability of the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) with varied testing sequences in healthy young adults. Second, the various contributors to test variability were assessed to better identify the controllable sources of variance. DESIGN Test reliability using generalizability theory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three recreationally active college-aged subjects (12 men and 11 women). SETTING University research laboratory. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Measures of postural stability were assessed for the 6 conditions of the SOT across trials, tests, and days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postural stability as measured by equilibrium score (a measure indicating amount of sway as a percentage score, with lower scores indicative of higher amounts of sway). RESULTS The study showed that moderate to good reliability measures were obtainable after 2 performances of the SOT on 2 separate days. Although reasonable levels of reliability were achieved for both random and serial testing protocols, the random test sequence produced more reliable results when the environment was moving in response to the individual's sway. CONCLUSIONS As a way of increasing the real-world applicability of the SOT, we assessed the reliability of performing the test in both random and serial orders. Although reasonable levels of reliability were obtained, a clinician interested in monitoring/tracking performance to make decisions on return to play/function may want to follow the manufacturer's suggested test sequencing. For assessments of an individual's ability to respond to novel or unexpected environmental changes, a random order may be more advisable.