cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Diphenylether Herbicide Lactofen Induces Cell Death and Expression of Defense-Related Genes in Soybean

Lactofen belongs to the diphenylether class of herbicides, which targets protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which in turn causes singlet oxygen generation. In tolerant plants like soybean (Glycine max), the chemical nonetheless causes necrotic patches called “bronzing” in contact areas. Here it is shown that such bronzing is accompanied by cell death, which was quantified from digital microscopic images using Assess Software. Cellular autofluorescence accompanied cell death, and a homolog of the cell death marker gene, Hsr203j, was induced by lactofen in treated soybean tissues. Thus, this form of chemically induced cell death shares some hallmarks of certain types of programmed cell death. In addition to the cell death phenotype, lactofen caused enhanced expressions of chalcone synthase and chalcone reductase genes, mainly in the exposed and immediately adjacent (proximal) cells. Furthermore, isoflavone synthase genes, which are wound inducible in soybean, were up-regulated by lactofen in both proximal and distal cell zones in minimally wounded cotyledons and further enhanced in wounded tissues. Moreover, if the wall glucan elicitor from Phytophthora sojae was present during lactofen treatment, the induction of isoflavone synthase was even more rapid. These results are consistent with the fact that lactofen triggers massive isoflavone accumulations and activates the capacity for glyceollin elicitation competency. In addition, lactofen induces late expression of a selective set of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, including PR-1a, PR-5, and PR-10, mainly in treated proximal tissues. These various results are discussed in the context of singlet oxygen-induced responses and lactofen9s potential as a disease resistance-inducing agent.
Modeling Larval Survival and Movement to Evaluate Seed Mixtures of Transgenic Corn for Control of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

I expanded the population dynamics and genetics model published in 2005 by Crowder and Onstad to include larval survival and movement to evaluate the role of mixtures of transgenic and nontransgenic corn, Zea mays L., seed for resistance management of western corn rootworm. I studied both density-independent and density-dependent toxin survival. In all but the worst-case scenarios, resistance did not evolve within 30 yr when the resistance allele, R, was recessive. The standard model with density-independent toxin survival based on the expression of a medium dose of toxin indicated that 50% R allele frequency will be reached by years 5 and 7, respectively, with dominant and partially recessive expression and 20% nontransgenic seed. The standard model with density-dependent toxin survival indicates that resistance will occur in year 5 under the same conditions. These results are similar to the published results of Crowder and Onstad who studied a model with adjacent block refuges and mostly nonrandom mating in the landscape (random only within each block). Results depended on the heterozygote advantage (differential survival between SS and RS) and the degree of random mating provided by the seed mixture.
Newly developed and validated eosinophilic esophagitis histology scoring system and evidence that it outperforms peak eosinophil count for disease diagnosis and monitoring

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is diagnosed by symptoms, and at least 15 intraepithelial eosinophils per high power field in an esophageal biopsy. Other pathologic features have not been emphasized. We developed a histology scoring system for esophageal biopsies that evaluates eight features: eosinophil density, basal zone hyperplasia, eosinophil abscesses, eosinophil surface layering, dilated intercellular spaces (DIS), surface epithelial alteration, dyskeratotic epithelial cells, and lamina propria fibrosis. Severity (grade) and extent (stage) of abnormalities were scored using a 4-point scale (0 normal; 3 maximum change). Reliability was demonstrated by strong to moderate agreement among three pathologists who scored biopsies independently (P ≤ 0.008). Several features were often abnormal in 201 biopsies (101 distal, 100 proximal) from 104 subjects (34 untreated, 167 treated). Median grade and stage scores were significantly higher in untreated compared with treated subjects (P ≤ 0.0062). Grade scores for features independent of eosinophil counts were significantly higher in biopsies from untreated compared with treated subjects (basal zone hyperplasia P ≤ 0.024 and DIS P ≤ 0.005), and were strongly correlated (R-square >0.67). Principal components analysis identified three principal components that explained 78.2% of the variation in the features. In logistic regression models, two principal components more closely associated with treatment status than log distal peak eosinophil count (PEC) (R-square 17, area under the curve (AUC) 77.8 vs. R-square 9, AUC 69.8). In summary, the EoE histology scoring system provides a method to objectively assess histologic changes in the esophagus beyond eosinophil number. Importantly, it discriminates treated from untreated patients, uses features commonly found in such biopsies, and is utilizable by pathologists after minimal training. These data provide rationales and a method to evaluate esophageal biopsies for features in addition to PEC.
Powers Without Power: Game Theory and the Nondelegation Principle

The nondelegation principle prohibits Congress from delegating its leg-islative powers to other entities. The doctrinal test of this constitutional prohibition is to ask whether a statute provide an “intelligible principle” to guide and constrain delegated lawmaking authority. But the Court has never adequately explained the basis of the nondelegation principle, nor how it justifies an intelligible-principle test that today seems nearly impossible to fail. And while many theories of nondelegation have been put forth in the academic literature, few explain the prevalence of legislative delegation today, and none explain the intelligible principle test. This paper takes a novel approach to nondelegation: looking for the principle under the lens of non-cooperative game theory. The result is an intuitive theory of the nondelegation principle with attractive properties. This theory generalizes important aspects of many existing theories of nondelegation. It also provides a dynamic explanation, and partial justification, of the much maligned intelligible principle test.
The Lesson as an Aesthetic Experience

Here I develop a theory of the studio lesson, departing from John Dewey’s celebrated theory of aesthetic experience. The prototype for aesthetic experience, according to Dewey, is a non-artistic experience to which one applies a refined and reflective sensibility. I propose that, in this manner, one can make the lesson into an aesthetic experience. In particular, the aesthetic teacher detects in seemingly myriad occurrences, obstacles, and skills to be mastered an innate potential for unity and form, which she thus need not manufacture or impose but rather gently guide into existence. Mistakes in this approach are less problems to summarily eradicate than sources by which to develop a unified experience. In addition to unity and form, I enumerate various other music-aesthetic properties or qualities that I believe the lesson, like any aesthetic experience, can embody. In this approach, the utilitarian benefits of instruction arise from valuing the aesthetic integrity of the lesson in and for itself. Indeed, in this approach, the lesson-experience itself embodies music-aesthetic properties and is thus analogous to music and music-making.
Observations of Wake Vortex Instability Flowfields and Aircraft Response to Encounters

* from 0.5 to 3. The second phase, studied wakes from 5 to approximately 30 nm in length, or t * from 1 to 6. Sampling was conducted at 32 Hz. More recently, the NRC CT- 133 aeroplane, with 600Hz sampling air and inertial data systems, has conducted an additional data gathering flight against enroute jet transports. Through the course of all flights, a variety of condensation wake conditions prevailed, with condensation intensity and longevity varying between the upper engine exhaust jet wake and the lower trailing pair vortex wake domains. The sampling aeroplane conducted helical flightpaths around, rather than through, the condensation flow regimes. However, following the onset of significant multi-wavelength long- period instability (at enroute speeds, generally beyond 6 nm wake lengths), a number of entrainments of the Falcon 20 into wake vortex cores occurred. The effects of wake vortex core entrainments upon aerodynamic loading, flightpath stability and systems operation have been of particular interest. In loading, such entrainments were multi-axis, with severe (defined as >0.3g deviation) aZ and a Y and severe (defined as >90°s -2 for roll and >30°s -2 for yaw) roll/yaw angular accelerations. The angular acceleration loadings resulted in gross flightpath deviations and upsets. Such encounters with a B747-400 wake are studied in detail, in terms of their flowfield characteristics and the effects upon the Falcon. Cross-plane re-construction is used, in order to correlate structural characteristics and the changes in structure, with increasing wake age. In the case of the B747-400 entrainments, one occurred at the point of vortex linking, and one occurred with the wake vortex in a probable ring state. Although the loading was multi-axis in the former case, in the latter case the loading affected aZ only. The aircraft loading and flightpath upsets of an NRC CT-133 survey of an A310 wake vortex, which included deliberate vortex core traverses, are also discussed. Initial comparisons between the Falcon and CT-133 core penetrations suggest that the parameters of be/rC and bf/be might be significant factors for the magnitudes of loading and flightpath upset experienced during core passage.
The Effect of Cold-Working on the Crystallization Temperature of Thin-Film Shape Memory Effect TiNi.

The minimum temperature for the crystallization of amorphous TiNi on substrates is of interest in developing thin-film SME material while minimizing chemical interactions with the substrate. Using 20 micron thick free standing TiNi material annealed in a vacuum furnace, X-Ray diffraction of the thin-films indicated that the crystallization occured within 20 minutes at 510°C, 490°C and 480°C. At 450°C, crystallization kinetics were significantly slower, and the foils were fulling crystallized after annealing for 7.5 hrs. To further lower the crystallization temperature, cold working of the foil by rolling was introduced and full crystallization was observed after 7.5 hours annealing at 400°C in a cold-worked foil. Cold working and annealing at 300°C and 350°C for 7.5 hrs did not observably promote lower crystallization temperatures.
Application of All-digital PLL Design with Adjusting Capacitive Angle in the Resonnant Inverter

Through analysing the working principle of CLC load high frequency current-type resonnant inverter,it is necessary to desigh a phase-locked loop(PLL) with adjusting the capacitive angle.After summarized the defects of the adjusting the capacitive angle in analog integrated PLL.Indepth discussion of the design principle diagram of all-digi-tal PLL(DPLL),a digital gate circuits method is proposed.The simulation and experimental results show that the DPLL with adjusting the capacitive angle in the acceptable range flexibly is useful and superiority.
Progressive change in collateral blood flow after coronary occlusion in conscious dogs.

This study used a retrospective analysis of infarcted and salvaged tissue samples to determine the patterns of blood flow changes (radioactive microsphere technique) that occur within the area at risk during the first 24 h after coronary artery occlusion (CAO) in conscious dogs. With the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) technique, individual samples were selected and included in either the infarcted (TTC-negative) or salvaged (TTC-positive) group. The infarcted and salvaged samples were paired according to blood flow levels of 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, or 0.3-0.4 ml.min-1.g-1 at either 5 min, 1 h, 3 h, or 6 h after CAO. In tissue samples that were salvaged, blood flow rose progressively, i.e., from 5 min to 1 h, from 1 to 3 h, from 3 to 6 h, and from 6 to 24 h. Blood flow to infarcted tissue rose only in the longest interval, from 6 to 24 h after CAO. When blood flow levels were less than 0.1 ml.min-1.g-1, virtually all the samples were infarcted, whereas corresponding lesser amounts of infarction were observed with increasing blood flow levels after CAO. Thus, in the conscious dog, blood flow rises progressively to salvaged but not infarcted tissue within the area at risk. Except for myocardium with blood flow levels less than 0.1 ml.min-1.g-1, the blood flow levels at any of the time points after CAO could not be used to predict necrosis.
Preventive Health Practices in a Teaching Hospital: House Staff Attitudes and Performance of Gynecological Screening

Attitudes toward and the performance of Pap smears by the house staff in nongynecological hospital admissions were evaluated as markers of preventive health practices in a tertiary-care hospital. A major discrepancy between house staff attitudes and behaviors was noted. The residents considered it important to offer a Pap smear to all women on admission. However, a random review of 150 medical and surgical charts revealed a lack of documentation of pelvic examinations in 67 percent of the charts and Pap smears in 33 percent of the charts. Overall, Pap smears were actually performed on only eight of 150 patients. A survey of random hospital floors revealed a lack of equipment and facilities for performing Pap smears. Such factors were thought to be the major contributors to the failure by house staff to perform pelvic exams and Pap smears. Steps to increase the performance of these types of preventive health practices should include the use of a checklist admission form and the maintenance of appropriately equipped facilities on all hospital floors. We suggest a greater emphasis on the development of educational strategies to teach preventive health care principles in residency training programs.
Transport and histochemical studies of bicarbonate handling by the alligator kidney

The alligator excretes a persistently alkaline urine despite consuming an acid-residue diet. The amount of bicarbonate excreted is greater than the amount filtered, evidencing tubular secretion of bicarbonate. The parallel urinary excretion of ammonium maintains external acid balance. To investigate putative renal mechanisms responsible for the concurrent excretion of large quantities of ammonium bicarbonate, we used acridine orange fluorescence methodology in microvesicles prepared from the proximal tubule brush border to assess the activity of the Na+-H+ antiporter, and histochemical methods (cobalt sulfide precipitation) to assess carbonic anhydrase localization. We found no evidence for the presence of a functioning Na+-H+ antiporter, the protein known to be responsible for the majority of bicarbonate reabsorption in mammals; Na+-H+ exchange in vesicles from the alligator kidney failed to exhibit saturation kinetics, showed no affinity for lithium, and was not inhibited by amiloride. Sensitive histoch...
General and domain-specific beliefs about intelligence, ability, and effort among preservice and practicing teachers

Abstract This study examined preservice and practicing teachers’ beliefs about factors influencing student academic performance. Participants viewed teacher factors as a more important determinant of academic performance than student or family factors. However, teachers who held a stronger entity view of students’ intelligence viewed teachers as less responsible for students’ academic performance. Teachers held the most ability-based views of performance in the arts and the most effort-based views of performance in the humanities. General beliefs about intelligence were related to domain-specific beliefs in the areas of basic skills, humanities, and math and science, but not in the arts or physical domains.
Abdominoperitoneal approach to management of the high, short vagina in the adrenogenital syndrome.

AbstractWe describe a combined transtrigonal, abdominoperineal approach to the surgical management of the female pseudohermaphrodite with the adrenogenital syndrome and a high, short vagina. Most of our patients had undergone previous clitoral reduction surgery and, therefore, clitoral shaft skin was not available for exteriorization of the vagina. Our operation involves partial mobilization of the vagina through an inverted U flap from the perineum followed by detachment from the urogenital sinus from above by splitting the trigone. Exteriorization is accomplished by mobilizing 2 lateral skin flaps from the perineum and joining them with the inverted U flap to reach the vagina. Cosmetic results have been excellent, although anastomotic stenosis occurred in 1 young infant.
Ofatumumab monotherapy in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Despite recent advances, management of relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains a clinical challenge. While hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides t...
Increased size due to larval royal jelly exposure does not affect circadian locomotor activity or climbing ability in adult female Drosophila melanogaster.

AbstractThe effects of royal jelly (RJ) appear to be conserved in Drosophila; flies exposed of RJ exhibit increased body size, similar to queen bees. However, in flies and bees, there is evidence that increased body size can lead to impairments to locomotor activity, while RJ may have anti-fatigue properties. Canton-S and Oregon-R Drosophila larvae were raised on media containing 0% or 20% pure RJ. Climbing assays were conducted to assess vertical locomotion. Circadian locomotion was observed using Drosophila Activity Monitors. CS, but not Or-R, raised on RJ were larger compared to controls. Flies exposed to RJ exhibited entrainment and free-running rhythms. The increased size due to RJ exposure in this study had no bearing on circadian locomotor activity or climbing. These results indicate that there is variation among physiological responses to RJ among different strains, but RJ was equally ineffective in affecting locomotor behavior no matter the physiological response.
In Vitro Analysis of Epithelial Surface Changes During Implantation

Blastocyst implantation involves interaction between two independently controlled yet highly interdependent systems, the embryo and its maternal environment. In rodents the preimplantation blastocyst becomes closely surrounded by uterine epithelium in an “implantation chamber” (Enders, 1975), which precedes the first irreversible interaction between the embryo and uterus — adhesion between the apical surfaces of the first embryonic epithelium (trophectoderm) and the uterine epithelium (“1” in Figure 1). In mice, adhesion occurs about 100 hours after the morning in which the coital vaginal plug is discovered (Potts, 1968). In rats this is brought about by a nidatory surge of estradiol, accompanying increasing levels of progesterone (Psychoyos, 1973). There is no clear separation in time between the appearance of apical adhesion and the initiation of basolateral changes, which occur between about 3.5 and 4.5 days after mating (“2” in Figure 1). These changes are characterized by a loosening of lateral cell associations, involving ultimately the junctional complexes (“3” in Figure 1) and a separation of the epithelium from its basal lamina (Schlafke et al., 1985), preparatory to its subsequent sloughing and cell death (Parr et al., 1987).
Commodified Life: Post-Humanism, Cloning and Gender in Orphan Black

This paper argues that the television series Orphan Black (2013-2017) explores the philosophical implications of cloning and the posthuman questions these issues inevitably raise about the boundaries of the human. More importantly—it uses the experiences of its clones to draw attention to the existing legal context that is rapidly transforming the relationship of humans to their embodiment. The ethical questions raised by cloning and discourses of posthumanism, then, are no longer merely the stuff of sf extrapolation, but represent more-than-metaphorically biopolitical realities: commodification of body tissues; the sale of embodied services such as surrogate pregnancies; and IP in living organisms, including aspects of human DNA. The existence of cloning as a viable technology, and the current legislative and economic context in which commodified human body tissues circulate, makes the ethical issues raised by Orphan Black an important intervention into contemporary techno-science even though human clones do you (yet) exist.
Abstract PR04: A CRISPR-based genetic interaction map identifies synergistic drug combinations for cancer

Identification of effective combination therapies is critical to address the emergence of drug-resistant cancers. Although millions of drug combinations might be created by repurposing existing drugs, direct screening of these combinations is infeasible. Here, we designed a scalable CRISPR-based double knockout (CDKO) system to generate a mammalian genetic interaction (GI) map at unprecedented scale, comprised of 490,000 double-sgRNAs directed against 21,321 pairs of drug targets. We first developed an efficient strategy for cloning and sequencing the libraries, as well as a robust statistical scoring method for calculating GIs from CRISPR-deleted gene pairs. We then extensively validated this system by identifying known and novel genetic interactions in the ricin pathway, and compared the GIs to known protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Using this validated system, we searched for rare synthetic lethal drug target pairs in K562 leukemia cells and identified a number of potent combinations for which corresponding drugs exhibit synergistic killing. Together, this work demonstrates an effective strategy to screen synergistic drug combinations in high throughput, and a powerful CRISPR-based tool to dissect functional genetic interaction networks. Citation Format: Kyuho Han, Edwin Jeng, Gaelen Hess, David Morgens, Amy Li, Michael Bassik. A CRISPR-based genetic interaction map identifies synergistic drug combinations for cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Opportunities and Challenges of Exploiting Synthetic Lethality in Cancer; Jan 4-7, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR04.
Visualization of Micro-cracks in Compact Bovine Bone

Dog-bone specimens of compact bovine femur were loaded in tension in a multipurpose tensile testing system (MTS) under cross-head speeds ranging from 0.5 to 10 mm/min and a split-hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with strain rates up to 800 s−1. To examine the micro-cracks induced in the specimens during the fracture process, a high speed camera (Phantom V12) with a cold light source was used to capture the light illumination of the micro-cracks by use of strong light scattering effects. Images obtained from the high speed camera clearly showed the micro-cracks, which exhibited more light intensity compared to the surface without micro-cracks. The high speed images were synchronized to the stress-strain curves. It was found that micro-cracks were induced immediately after the specimen started to yield. The specimens with more micro-cracks exhibited higher energy-absorption capacity. Through the present optical technique, the toughening effects of micro-cracks on the overall mechanical properties have been studied for the first time on a macroscopic level.
Sabbatai Zevi: Testimonies to a Fallen Messiah

Sabbatai Zevi (1626–76) stirred up the Jewish world of the mid-seventeenth century by claiming to be the messiah, then stunned it by suddenly converting to Islam. His story, and that of the movement he created, is a landmark event in early modern Jewish history and a dramatic example of what can happen when mystic dreams and messianic hopes combine in an explosive mixture. Now, for the first time, English readers can experience these events through the words of those who lived through them, in lucid and compelling translations by a leading authority in the field. Of the contemporary 'testimonies' translated by David J. Halperin, three are accounts by Sabbatai Zevi's followers of the life and deeds of their messiah. These are the Najara Chronicle, an eyewitness narrative which Gershom Scholem called 'one of the most extraordinary documents shedding light on Sabbatai's personality'; Baruch of Arezzo's Memorial to the Children of Israel, a sober yet devout biography of Sabbatai written shortly after his death; and the bizarrely fanciful hagiography composed in 1692 by Abraham Cuenque of Hebron. These narratives by Sabbatean 'believers' are supplemented by two seventeenth-century letters, pungent in their style and colourful in their details, in which Sabbatai and his followers are described by a contemporary rabbi who detested them and everything they stood for. Finally, a reminiscence of Sabbatai's last days, preserved by one of the most independent-minded of his followers, conveys the enigma of the man who was to haunt the generations.
Case 11: Cutting Calories or Cutting Costs?

A nonprofit charter school focused on providing healthy, affordable meals to its students must decide between competing interests when a local food company offers to make a significant donation in exchange for the opportunity to install unhealthy vending machines on school grounds. School employees clash over the right solution to their financial difficulties in this case that deals with mission drift and conflicts of interest, two common ethical issues faced by nonprofits. Handy and Russell ask readers to step into the shoes of each of the key players and assess the best course of action, given limited time, information, and ethical considerations.
Treatment of Periprosthetic Knee Infection With Concurrent Rotational Muscle Flap Coverage Is Associated With High Failure Rates

Abstract Background Soft-tissue deficiency is a potentially devastating complication of the infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Rotational muscle flaps are commonly used to address these defects. However, reported success rates vary widely. Methods We reviewed 26 consecutive patients who underwent rotational muscle flap surgery for full-thickness anterior soft-tissue defect during treatment of an infected TKA. Twenty-four cases used a medial gastrocnemius rotational flap, 1 used a lateral gastrocnemius flap, and 1 used a rectus femoris-vastus intermedius flap. Implant survival, recurrence of infection, and limb survival were reported. Patient and procedural characteristics were tested for association with failure using χ2 and Student t-test. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the failure-free survival function. Results Mean follow-up time was 3.3 years. Eighteen of 26 patients (69.2%) experienced recurrent infection requiring an average of 5.3 additional operations (range, 1-20). Five (19.2%) required arthrodesis while 6 (23.1%) eventually underwent above-the-knee amputation. Two patients (7.7%) died due to complications of revision surgery or persistent infection. Eleven patients (42.3%) were infection free with a retained prosthesis after treatment at a mean follow-up of 5.3 years (range, 0.7-18.0 years). Conclusion Rotational muscle flap coverage of soft-tissue defects in the setting of the infected TKA remains a viable salvage option. However, despite adequate tissue coverage, many patients experience recurrent infection requiring additional surgical treatment. Patients and surgeons should be aware of the potential high failure rates observed when treating these complex problems.
Political Capitalism: How Economic and Political Power Is Made and Maintained

Problems associated with cronyism, corporatism, and policies that favor the elite over the masses have received increasing attention in recent years. Political Capitalism explains that what people often view as the result of corruption and unethical behavior are symptoms of a distinct system of political economy. The symptoms of political capitalism are often viewed as the result of government intervention in a market economy, or as attributes of a capitalist economy itself. Randall G. Holcombe combines well-established theories in economics and the social sciences to show that political capitalism is not a mixed economy, or government intervention in a market economy, or some intermediate step between capitalism and socialism. After developing the economic theory of political capitalism, Holcombe goes on to explain how changes in political ideology have facilitated the growth of political capitalism, and what can be done to redirect public policy back toward the public interest.
387 CARCINOMA ERYSIPELATOIDES ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe a case of carcinoma erysipelatoides occurring in association with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Material and Methods Case study including medical history, physical examination, laboratory and radiographic reports of a 64-year-old Caucasian male with a history of a nonhealing, erythematous, indurate plaque-like rash (20 × 32.5 cm) over his abdomen. Results Laboratory studies were significant for leukopenia (WBC 2.2/mm3), with a negative CT and ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis for any abcess. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with cellulitis and treated with antibiotics; however, blood cultures remained negative, and there was no improvement in the skin lesion. Subsequent punch biopsy was consistent with tumor cells similar in morphology and immunochemical staining to the original DLBCL. Antibiotics were discontinued; the patient was discharged home and expired shortly thereafter. Conclusion Although cases of carcinoma erysipelatoides occurring in association with solid tumors have rarely been described, to our knowledge, this is the first report of carcinoma erysipelatoides occurring in association with a hematologic malignancy. The treating physician needs to consider carcinoma erysipelatoides in the differential diagnosis of nonhealing rashes that resemble cellulitis in patients with lymphoma.
Effect of PD-L1 testing on the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of pembrolizumab for advanced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in the United States.

Abstract Purpose Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of PD-L1 testing on the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab for second-line treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma in the bladder from the U.S. societal perspective. Materials and methods We developed a microsimulation model to compare 3 treatment strategies: (1) treat all patients with standard-of-care chemotherapy, (2) treat all patients with pembrolizumab, and (3) treat patients with PD-L1-positive tumors at a ≥1% expression threshold with pembrolizumab, and all others with standard-of-care chemotherapy. Additionally, we performed a budget impact analysis based on the projected number of urothelial carcinoma patients eligible for second-line pembrolizumab treatment. Results Treating all patients with chemotherapy resulted in a mean cost of $17,232 and mean effect of 0.43 quality-adjusted life-years. The PD-L1 test strategy was the most efficient strategy, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $122,933/quality-adjusted life-year. Treating all patients with pembrolizumab resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $197,383/quality-adjusted life-year compared to the PD-L1 test strategy. The PD-L1 test strategy would produce an incremental budget impact of $14.9 million in the first year of use compared to chemotherapy, increasing to $16.5 million in the fifth year of use. Treating all patients with pembrolizumab would produce an incremental budget impact of $19.6 million compared to the PD-L1 test strategy in its first year of use, increasing to $20.9 million by year 5. Conclusions Pembrolizumab was not cost-effective in either strategy based on a $100,000/quality-adjusted life-year willingness-to-pay threshold. Using PD-L1 testing to select for patients who may have better associated outcomes may improve the affordability of pembrolizumab.
Robert T. Drew, Ph.D. (1936-2018).

Dr. Robert (Bob) Taylor Drew of Mount Pleasant, SC, died on November 14, 2018, after a brief illness. Bob was a graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic University with a BS in Biology. He received both ...
Towards Wireless Addressable Optoelectronic Implants for Large-Scale Optogenetics

This paper presents the concept and some preliminary results of a millimeter-scale wireless addressable optoelectronic implant (WAOI), a network of which can be distributed over the brain for large-scale optogenetics. The WAOI contains a wireless receiver (base), which establishes wireless power transfer and data communication with an external unit, connected to an optoelectronic shank, which integrates liquid crystal-based silicon photonic on CMOS electronics for switchable optical emission. The liquid crystal-switched waveguide can provide light switching of a single light source (e.g. laser diode), which is integrated on the base, along the shank, thus minimizing heat generation within brain parenchyma. To reduce interconnect wiring between the base and the shank, a power-line communication technique is presented for data transfer from the base to the shank. Simplified prototypes of the base and shank ASICs were designed and developed in 0.35-μm 2P4M CMOS process. The simulation results of these ASICs for addressing of 16 stimulation pixels on the shank are presented. Moreover, a macroscale example of liquid crystal-switched waveguide was fabricated and measured to demonstrate basic liquid crystal switch operation.
Undegraded intake protein supplementation: I. Effects on forage utilization and performance of periparturient beef cows fed low-quality hay.

Hereford x Angus cows (n = 36; initial wt = 568+/-59 kg) were used to evaluate effects of undegradable intake protein (UIP) supplementation on forage utilization and performance of beef cows fed low-quality hay. Treatments were control (unsupplemented) or one of three protein supplements. Supplements were fed at 1.3 kg DM/d and included UIP at low, medium, or high levels (53, 223, or 412 g UIP/kg supplement DM, respectively). Supplements were formulated to be isocaloric (1.77 Mcal NEm/kg) and to contain equal amounts of degradable intake protein (DIP; 211 g DIP/kg supplement DM). Intake of forage was measured daily during six 7-d collection periods, which approximated mo 7, 8, and 9 of gestation and mo 1, 2, and 3 of lactation. Prairie hay (5.8% CP) was offered daily for ad libitum consumption. Cows were weighed and condition-scored on d 7 of each period. Supplemented cows had greater (P = .01) total organic matter intake (g/kg BW) compared with control animals during gestation. Forage organic matter intake (g/kg BW) was greater (P .10) cow body weight or condition score. Body condition scores of supplemented cows were higher (P = .02) during mo 9 of gestation and during mo 3 of lactation compared with controls. Reproductive performance was similar (P>.10) among treatment groups, and there were few differences in calf performance. These data were interpreted to suggest that supplemental protein can increase total tract OM and NDF digestion by beef cows and increase body weight. Increasing the level of UIP in the supplement had little effect on forage utilization or animal performance.
Polynomial hulls and H-infinity control for a hypoconvex constraint

We say that a subset of C^n is hypoconvex if its complement is the union of complex hyperplanes. Let D be the closed unit disk in C, T the unit circle. We prove two conjectures of Helton and Marshall. (See ``Frequency domain design and analytic selections,'' Indiana Univ. Math. J. 39, no. 1 (1990), 157-184.) Let p:T X C^n --> R+ be a smooth function whose sublevel sets have compact hypoconvex fibers over T. Then, with some restrictions on p, if Y is the set where p is less than or equal to 1, the polynomial convex hull of Y is the union of graphs of analytic vector-valued functions with boundary in Y. Furthermore, let t be the smallest real number such that the set where p is less than or equal to t contains the boundary of the graph of some analytic vector-valued function on the disk. Then there is only one analytic vector-valued function f such that p(z,f(z)) is less than or equal to t for all z in T. We show that f is smooth on T. We also prove that if p varies smoothly with respect to a parameter, so does the unique f just found.
Chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation alleviates stress stimulated by in-feed dexamethasone in broiler chickens

Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, jejunal morphology, gene expression, and plasma antioxidant enzymes in male broiler chickens under experimentally induced stress via in-feed dexamethasone (DEX). On day 3 after hatching, male broiler chicks were assigned to 2 diets supplemented with COS at 0 or 1 g/kg in a randomized complete block design and fed to day 27 after hatching. Birds were pooled within each diet (0 or 1 g/kg COS) to equalize the average BW and fed 2 diets supplemented with 0 or 1 g/kg DEX, within each dietary COS, from day 20 to 27 after hatching. This resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 levels each of COS and DEX, 8 replicate cages of 7 birds per cage. On day 27 after hatching, birds were weighed and euthanized, and samples were collected. Dietary COS decreased (P
Evolution of the mutation rate across primates

Germline mutations are the source of all heritable variation. In the past few years, whole genome sequencing has allowed direct and comprehensive surveys of mutation patterns in humans and other species. These studies have documented substantial variation in both mutation rates and spectra across primates, the causes of which remain unclear. Here, we review what is currently known about mutation rates in primates, highlight the factors proposed to explain the variation across species, and discuss some implications of these findings on our understanding of the chronology of primate evolution and the process of mutagenesis.
Characterizing lentic habitats in golf courses and adjacent green spaces: water quality, water chemistry, pesticide concentrations, and algal concentrations

As human-dominated land-use increases globally, urbanization is a prominent cause of a decline in natural areas, including lentic ecosystems (i.e. lakes, ponds and wetlands). Lentic ecosystems in u...
Fractional-Overlap Declustered Parity: Evaluating Reliability for Storage Systems

In this paper, we propose a flexible and practical data protection scheme, fractional-overlap declustered parity (FODP), to explore the trade-offs between fault tolerance and rebuild performance. Our experiments show that FODP is able to bring forth up to 99% less probability of data loss in the presence of various failure regimes. Furthermore, by adding one additional spare drive capacity within each server, FODP yields up to 99% reduction in granularity of data loss.
Modeling Cavitation for Closed Conduit Flow

A portion of a model study is discussed which describes an experimental procedure for determining four cavitation limits and how to evaluate and adjust for scale effects. The item tested was a long radius elbow but the procedure applies to any pipe component or valve used in closed conduit flow. Cavitation limits evaluated are incipient, critical, incipient damage, and choking cavitation. Scale effects assoicated with change in size and velocity of pressure are evaluated and used to adjust the model data to the prototype conditions. No scale effects related to changes in velocity or pressure are found for any of the four cavitation limits. Incipient and critical cavitation are found to change significantly with size of elbow.
A Dynamic Model of Average Lung Deformation Using Capacity-Based Reparameterization and Shape Averaging of Lung MR Images

We present methods for extracting an average representation of respiratory dynamics from free-breathing lung MR images. Due to individual variations in respiration and the difficulties of real-time pulmonary imaging, time of image acquisition bears little physiologic meaning. Thus, we reparameterize each individual’s expiratory image sequence with respect to normalized lung capacity (area, as a substitute for volume), where 1 represents maximal capacity and 0 minimal capacity, as measured by semi-automated image segmentation. This process, combined with intra-subject pairwise non-rigid registration, is used to interpolate intermediate images in the normalized capacity interval [0,1]. Images from separate individuals with the same normalized capacity are taken to be at corresponding points during expiration. We then construct an average representation of pulmonary dynamics from capacity-matched image sequences. This methodology is illustrated using two coronal 2-D datasets from healthy individuals.
Matrix Extensions of the RSA Algorithm

A new matrix extension of the RSA algorithm is proposed which is based on the Cayley-Hamilton theorem and a one-way function. The security of this algorithm rests upon both that of the RSA algorithm and the one-way function. The computational efficiency of the new algorithm depends on the dimension of the matrix. The most efficient implementation is the 2×2 case in which both encryption and decryption use a single modulo arithmetic multiplication and single evaluation of the one-way function.
User Innovator Community Norms at the Boundary between Academic and Industry Research

This article considers norms of sharing research tools and materials in what has been called Pasteur’s Quadrant, in which basic science and applied research overlap. I employ a user innovation paradigm, along with a rational choice approach to social norms, to address the issue. User innovators intend to use, rather than sell, their innovative technology. They include hobbyists adapting commercial products for their individual needs as well as commercial firms developing equipment or processes for use in their factories. User innovators often form collaborative communities in which they share technical advances with one another in a process of “free revealing.” Surprisingly, free revealing occurs not only among hobbyists, but also in commercial contexts among market competitors. Traditional practices of sharing research tools and materials in the academy can be viewed as examples of free revealing in user innovator communities. The convergence of academic research with commercial interests has two different types of consequences for sharing norms. First, a research tool or material developed in a nonprofit research context may be a dual-purpose innovation with both research and nonresearch uses. Thus, for example, a genetic assay may be useful in research and as a clinical diagnostic test; many chemicals are used in the laboratory and in industrial processes; many imaging techniques have laboratory and commercial applications; and so forth. Second, the overlap of research interests between nonprofit and industry scientists means that the user community for research tools and materials in Pasteur’s Quadrant is more diverse than in areas of purely basic research. Both of these types of overlap affect the robustness of research tool sharing norms.The social norm analysis presented here predicts that the viability and robustness of practices of sharing research tools and materials depends on the differing preferences of academic and industry scientists, on whether a tool is do-it-yourself or requires access to a specific material, and on whether the tool is a garden variety research tool or a dual-purpose toolwith a significant nonresearch market. To understand sharing practices, empirical studies should seek to disentangle these variables. Policy prescriptions for enhancing sharing also should account for these factors.
How DNA Travels between the Separate Polymerase and 3′-5′-Exonuclease Sites of DNA Polymerase I (Klenow Fragment)

The polymerase and 3′-5′-exonuclease activities of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I are located on separate structural domains of the protein, separated by about 30 A. To determine whether a DNA primer terminus can move from one active site to the other without dissociation of the enzyme-DNA complex, we carried out reactions on a labeled DNA substrate in the presence of a large excess of unlabeled DNA, to limit observations to a single enzyme-DNA encounter. The results indicated that while Klenow fragment is capable of intramolecular shuttling of a DNA substrate between the two catalytic sites, the intermolecular pathway involving enzyme-DNA dissociation can also be used. Thus, there is nothing in the protein structure or the reaction mechanism that dictates a particular means of moving the DNA substrate. Instead, the use of the intermolecular or the intramolecular pathway is determined by the competition between the polymerase or exonuclease reaction and DNA dissociation. When the substrate has a mispaired primer terminus, DNA dissociation seems generally more rapid than exonucleolytic digestion. Thus, Klenow fragment edits its own polymerase errors by a predominantly intermolecular process, involving dissociation of the enzyme-DNA complex and reassociation of the DNA with the exonuclease site of a second molecule of Klenow fragment.
Asymptotic Description of Electromagnetic Pulse Propagation in a Linear Dispersive Medium

The asymptotic description of linear dispersive pulse propagation phenomena in lossy dielectrics is critically dependent upon the dominant contribution (i.e. the contribution with the least exponential decay) to the propagated field behavior at a given space-time point.
Structures of dimethylsulfoniopropionate-dependent demethylase from the marine organism Pelagabacter ubique.

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a ubiquitous algal metabolite and common carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria. DMSP is a precursor for the climatically active gas dimethylsulfide that is readily oxidized to sulfate, sulfur dioxide, methanesulfonic acid, and other products that act as cloud condensation nuclei. Although the environmental importance of DMSP metabolism has been known for some time, the enzyme responsible for DMSP demethylation by marine bacterioplankton, dimethylsufoniopropionate-dependent demethylase A (DmdA, EC 2.1.1.B5), has only recently been identified and biochemically characterized. In this work, we report the structure for the apoenzyme DmdA from Pelagibacter ubique (2.1 A), as well as for DmdA co-crystals soaked with substrate DMSP (1.6 A) or the cofactor tetrahydrofolate (THF) (1.6 A). Surprisingly, the overall fold of the DmdA is not similar to other enzymes that typically utilize the reduced form of THF and in fact is a triple domain structure similar to what has been observed for the glycine cleavage T protein or sarcosine oxidase. Specifically, while the THF binding fold appears conserved, previous biochemical studies have shown that all enzymes with a similar fold produce 5,10-methylene-THF, while DmdA catalyzes a redox-neutral methyl transfer reaction to produce 5-methyl-THF. On the basis of the findings presented herein and the available biochemical data, we outline a mechanism for a redox-neutral methyl transfer reaction that is novel to this conserved THF binding domain.