cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The incidence of cancellation and nonattendance at a dermatology clinic

Abstract Background: Same-day cancellation of appointments and nonattendance by patients can disrupt management of certain aspects of medical delivery and lead to inefficient allocation of resources and lost revenue. The frequency of cancellation and nonattendance at dermatology clinics has not been well documented. Objective: We measured same-day cancellation and nonattendance in a university dermatology clinic. Methods: We tabulated clinic attendees, same-day cancellations, and nonattendance for a 6-month period. We examined distribution by gender, type of payer, and clinic visit type (initial or follow-up). Results: Total same-day cancellation rate was 8.3%. Female patients canceled more frequently than male patients (9.2% vs 7.3%, P = .02). Cancellation rates were similar for initial and follow-up visits. The nonattendance rate was 17% with the highest rates found in state-supported categories (26%) and the lowest in commercial insurance programs (13%). Nonattendance rates did not vary significantly by gender or visit type. Conclusion: Same-day cancellation and clinic nonattendance is a significant factor in the efficient fiscally sound management of a busy dermatology clinic. The risk of nonattendance is assumed by physicians and seems to be correlated with payer type.(J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:714-8.)
Titanium centerpieces and a modified temperature control system for the Spinco analytical ultracentrifuge

Analytical ultracentrifugation of nucleic acid in the concentration range of 5 to 40 ,m these last authors were forced to use much higher salt concentrations to obtain reliable data. The difficulty is believed to arise from convection caused by thermal gradients in the ultracentrifuge cells by the standard ultracentrifuge temperature-control system and also from the poor heat conductivity of some of the materials used in the construction of the centerpieces for
Primers of Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis from Peruvian Rain Forest Plants

We have developed a rapid, high throughput screening assay for compounds that alter the assembly of glycosaminoglycan chains in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The assay uses autoradiography to measure the binding of newly synthesized [35S]proteoglycans and [35S]glycosaminoglycans to a positively charged membrane. Screening over 1000 extracts from a random plant collection obtained from the Amazon rain forest yielded five plants that stimulated glycosaminoglycan assembly in both wild-type cells and a mutant cell line defective in xylosyltransferase (the first committed enzyme involved in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis). Fractionation of an extract of Maieta guianensis by silica gel and reverse-phase chromatography yielded two pure compounds with stimulatory activity. Spectroscopic analysis by NMR and mass spectrometry revealed that the active principles were xylosides of dimethylated ellagic acid. One of the compounds also contained a galloyl group at C-3 of the xylose moiety. These findings suggest that plants and other natural products may be a source of agents that can potentially alter glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan formation in animal cells.
An analysis of barter in the broadcasting industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address differences in bartering between markets and firms, as this mode of transaction has become a norm in the broadcasting industry in the sale of advertising air time and the purchase of programs.Design/methodology/approach – Panel data from television stations in the USA is used to investigate the impact of a group of market‐specific and firm‐specific factors on the level of barter advertisement.Findings – The results from the random effects regressions show that general economic conditions in the national market, such as unemployment and inflation, profitability of the station, and events such as the Olympics and election cycles affect the level of barter among television stations.Originality/value – This paper contributes to filling a significant void in the empirical microeconomic analysis of barter transaction by providing an example from the broadcasting industry.
Variability of Antarctic Sea Ice: and Changes in Carbon Dioxide

A definitive long-term decrease in the extent of antarctic sea ice is not detectable from 9 years (1973 to 1981) of year-round satellite observations and limited prior data. Regional interannual variability is large, with sea ice decreasing in some regions while increasing in others. A significant decrease in overall ice extent during the mid-1970's, previously suggested to reflect warming induced by carbon dioxide, has not been maintained. In particular, the extent of ice in the Weddell Sea region has rebounded after a large decrease concurrent with a major oceanographic anomaly, the Weddell polynya. Over the 9 years, the trends are nearly the same in all seasons, but for periods of 3 to 5 years, greater winter ice maxima are associated with lesser summer ice minima. The decrease of the mid-1970's was preceded by an increase in ice extent from 1966 to 1972, further indicating the presence of cyclical components of variation that obscure any long-term trends that might be caused by a warming induced by carbon dioxide.
Molecular dynamics studies of material property effects on thermal boundary conductance

Thermal boundary resistance (inverse of conductance) between different material layers can dominate the overall thermal resistance in nanostructures and therefore impact the performance of the thermal property limiting nano devices. Because relationships between material properties and thermal boundary conductance have not been fully understood, optimum devices cannot be developed through a rational selection of materials. Here we develop generic interatomic potentials to enable material properties to be continuously varied in extremely large molecular dynamics simulations to explore the dependence of thermal boundary conductance on the characteristic properties of materials such as atomic mass, stiffness, and interfacial crystallography. To ensure that our study is not biased to a particular model, we employ different types of interatomic potentials. In particular, both a Stillinger–Weber potential and a hybrid embedded-atom-method + Stillinger–Weber potential are used to study metal-on-semiconductor compound interfaces, and the results are analyzed considering previous work based upon a Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential. These studies, therefore, reliably provide new understanding of interfacial transport phenomena particularly in terms of effects of material properties on thermal boundary conductance. Our most important finding is that thermal boundary conductance increases with the overlap of the vibrational spectra between metal modes and the acoustic modes of the semiconductor compound, and increasing the metal stiffness causes a continuous shift of the metal modes. As a result, the maximum thermal boundary conductance occurs at an intermediate metal stiffness (best matched to the semiconductor stiffness) that maximizes the overlap of the vibrational modes.
Combined liver and kidney transplantation in children.

Background. Preexisting renal dysfunction has been reported to significantly increase the morbidity and mortality associated with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). OLT alone has been recommended for adults and children with end-stage liver disease and reversible causes of renal failure (i.e., hepatorenal syndrome), whereas combined liver and kidney transplantation (LKT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for adults with combined end-stage liver and kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of LKT in children. Methods. Between October of 1984 and 1997, 385 children less than 18 years of age underwent OLT at the University of Chicago. During this same time period 12 patients underwent LKT. Data were gathered by retrospective review of the patients medical records and by interviews conducted with the patients' families. Results. Actuarial patient survival was comparable for children who underwent OLT alone and LKT (69% versus 67% at 5 years). All allograft losses in the LKT group were the result of patient death and occurred within the first 90 postoperative days. Factors associated with decreased patient survival included severity of illness as reflected by United Network of Organ Sharing status and LKT after failed OLT or cadaveric renal transplant. Conclusions. In children with concomitant end-stage liver and kidney disease, LKT can be considered an effective therapeutic option in selected patients. Long-term patient survival in patients undergoing LKT is comparable to that of patients with normal renal function undergoing OLT alone.
Segmentation as Maximum-Weight Independent Set

Given an ensemble of distinct, low-level segmentations of an image, our goal is to identify visually "meaningful" segments in the ensemble. Knowledge about any specific objects and surfaces present in the image is not available. The selection of image regions occupied by objects is formalized as the maximum-weight independent set (MWIS) problem. MWIS is the heaviest subset of mutually non-adjacent nodes of an attributed graph. We construct such a graph from all segments in the ensemble. Then, MWIS selects maximally distinctive segments that together partition the image. A new MWIS algorithm is presented. The algorithm seeks a solution directly in the discrete domain, instead of relaxing MWIS to a continuous problem, as common in previous work. It iteratively finds a candidate discrete solution of the Taylor series expansion of the original MWIS objective function around the previous solution. The algorithm is shown to converge to an optimum. Our empirical evaluation on the benchmark Berkeley segmentation dataset shows that the new algorithm eliminates the need for hand-picking optimal input parameters of the state-of-the-art segmenters, and outperforms their best, manually optimized results.
Detecting registration failure

This paper presents a new approach to evaluation of registration using a general discriminative learning model that is independent of the type of registration method. We select features by association of a registration with a set of metrics (pixel based, patch based and histogram based statistics) and learn a classifier that discriminates mis-registrations from correct registrations using Adaboost. Experiments on a set of wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) images and images extracted from minimally invasive surgical endoscopic video data are presented. Results show that the proposed method outperforms any single classifier.
Knowing When to Play the Ace: The Use and Under Use of Ace Inhibitors in Primary Practice

The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has expanded beyond the original indication of hypertension. Landmark studies and practice guidelines recommend the use of ACE inhibitors ...
Microtubule segment stabilization by RASSF1A is required for proper microtubule dynamics and Golgi integrity

The tumor suppressor and microtubule-associated protein Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) has a major effect on many cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression and apoptosis. RASSF1A expression is frequently silenced in cancer and is associated with increased metastasis. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that RASSF1A regulates microtubule organization and dynamics in interphase cells, as well as its effect on Golgi integrity and cell polarity. Our results show that RASSF1A uses a unique microtubule-binding pattern to promote site-specific microtubule rescues, and loss of RASSF1A leads to decreased microtubule stability. Furthermore, RASSF1A-associated stable microtubule segments are necessary to prevent Golgi fragmentation and dispersal in cancer cells and maintain a polarized cell front. These results indicate that RASSF1A is a key regulator in the fine tuning of microtubule dynamics in interphase cells and proper Golgi organization and cell polarity.
Framing Education for a Science of Social Work: Missions, Curriculum, and Doctoral Training

Social work education has historically been grounded in professional practice but recent discussions have urged a reconsideration of social work as a science. Social work is progressively doing mor...
Whisker Formation Concepts—The End Game

This paper elaborates on previously published theories dealing with tin whisker formation mechanisms and introduces some new concepts to build a theory that is both fundamentally sound and consistent with experimental observations made to date. Central to the proposed hypothesis is the unique chevron (or V-shaped) whisker grain that forms within the as-deposited tin film grain structure. This treatment also deals with some ancillary tin film observations such as the intermetallic “pedestal” structures formed by temperature cycling and the “subsidence” structures often associated with tin whisker formation.
Results on multidimensional nonuniform rational maximally-decimated filter banks with orthonormal filters

The framework of inner product space is introduced and used to derive some known and new filter bank results. It is shown that even the most general filter banks, namely, multidimensional nonuniform filter banks with rational decimation matrices, become a special case of this framework. The subband convolution scheme is obtained by starting from Parseval's relation. Several theoretical wavelet transform results can be derived using this framework. In particular, the wavelet convolution theorem is derived. >
White, Whole Wheat, Rye: Jews and Ethnic Categorization in Washington, D.C.

White is used to signify, often implicitly, a number of qualitatively different phenomena, thereby masking both different and similar positionalities between and within ethnic groups. In Jewish Washingtonians' talk of Whiteness, the different weights which speakers assign to ethnic culture, marginality, and skin color lead to shifting and contradictory ascriptions of Jews to the category White. These ascriptions complicate the binary discourse of ethnicity found in much recent research and in public discourse in Washington, D.C.
Authoring Interactive Graphical Models for Instruction

Although many intelligent tutoring systems have made use of interactive graphical models of topic matter, most have been developed using conventional programming tools, sometimes augmented by special interface editors. This approach permits a high degree of flexibility and control, but its successful application requires a great deal of technical skill and development time. It is therefore feasible for only a small subset of the training and instruction contexts in which an interactive simulation would be of benefit. Recently, several authoring environments have been developed that support the creation of interactive graphical models by direct manipulation. IMTS, RAPIDS n, and RIDES are three authoring tools for the production of intelligent tutoring systems centered around interactive graphical models. The experience of developing these three authoring environments and applying them to produce a number of tutors has helped to clarify the desirable features for authoring systems for interactive graphical models.
Norepinephrine turnover in lung: effect of cold exposure and chronic hypoxia.

The lung contains sympathetic efferent nerves, but their participation in conditions associated with sympathetic nervous system activation is unknown. To assess sympathetic activity in lung during cold exposure and hypoxia, the measurement of radiolabeled norepinephrine (NE) turnover was carried out in this organ. In preliminary studies this technique, which measures in vivo the activity of sympathetic nerves in an individually innervated organ, was validated for use as a measure of sympathetic activity in rat lung. NE turnover was then measured in unanesthetized rats during cold (4 degrees C, 24 h) and hypobaric hypoxic (PB = 380 Torr, 7 days) exposure. Cold exposure increased calculated NE turnover rate in lung by 63% from 4.2 +/- 1.4 to 6.8 +/- 1.6 ng NE.organ-1.h-1 (95% confidence limits). Chronic hypobaric hypoxia increased NE turnover rate in lung by 114% from 4.0 +/- 1.8 to 8.6 +/- 2.4 NE.organ-1.h-1. Thus NE turnover techniques are applicable to rat lung and demonstrate increased sympathetic activity during cold exposure and chronic hypoxia.
Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer

Life depends on heat and mass transfer between organisms and their surroundings. Such processes as carbon dioxide exchange between leaves and the atmosphere, oxygen uptake by microorganisms, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs of animals, or convective heat loss from the surfaces of animal coats are fundamental to the existence of living organisms. A thorough understanding of these exchange processes is therefore a necessary part of the study of physical ecology. In this chapter we will first discuss molecular diffusion. It is by this process that heat and mass are transported in still air or water, as they are in parts of the lungs of animals, in soils, and in the substomatal cavities of leaves. Molecular diffusion is also important in convective heat and mass transfer between surfaces and fluids flowing over them since a thin boundary layer is always formed near the surface through which transport is by diffusion. After diffusion processes are discussed, we will then present convective heat and mass transfer theory as it applies to fluids moving over plates, cylinders, and spheres. Finally, we will discuss momentum exchange and the force of moving fluids on objects in them.
Modeling diesel spray flame lift-off using detailed chemistry and a new primary breakup model

Combustion in direct-injection diesel engines occurs in a lifted, turbulent diffusion flame mode. Numerous studies indicate that the combustion and emission characteristics in such engines are strongly influenced by the lifted flame behavior, which in turn is determined by fuel and air mixing in the region upstream of the lifted flame, and consequently by the liquid breakup and spray development processes. Thus primary jet breakup plays a key role in engine processes, and is induced by cavitation and turbulence inside the injector nozzle, and aerodynamic (Kelvin-Helmholtz) instability outside. In the present study, we examine the effects of these three primary breakup processes in the flame liftoff behavior. A new primary breakup model incorporating the inner nozzle flow (cavitation and turbulence) and aerodynamic effects is developed and evaluated for predicting the flame liftoff characteristics. The effects of various ambient and injection characteristics, and exhaust gas recirculation on flame lift-off are simulated using a detailed chemistry, and validated against data from Sandia National Laboratory. In general, very good agreement is observed under all measured conditions. The effect of nozzle orifice geometry on flame lift-off is also characterized.
Immunologic differences between Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma and normal rat lymph nodes.

SummaryRabbit antisera prepared against rat Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma (ascites form) and normal rat lymph node exhibit extensive cross reactions with these tissues. However, antibodies in the antisera were separated into fractions of different specificities: some directed against certain characteristic antigen(s) in the tumor or in the lymph node sediment and others against the common (cross-reacting) components in both. This was done by successive adsorptions of the antisera with the tumor and lymph node sediments and elution of adsorbed antibodies from these sediments. I131 labeled antibody was used for the studies.We wish to thank Miss Pat Gorman and Mr. Norman Misso for technical assistance and Mr. Jacob Planinsek for the rat tissue used.
Heart failure: highlights from new consensus guidelines.

New guidelines for managing heart failure urge physicians to identify patients likely to benefit from therapy, obtain an echocardiogram to measure the ejection fraction, and, in patients with systolic dysfunction (i.e., an ejection fraction < or = 40%), institute therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a beta-blocker if at all possible. Digoxin and diuretics can relieve symptoms but do not affect the mortality rate. Spironolactone in low nondiuretic doses may reduce mortality when added to baseline drug regimens. The proper role of angiotensin II receptor blocking agents has yet to be determined.
Environmental Conditions Affecting Development of House Fly Larvae in Poultry Manure

Musca domestica L. eggs were placed in fresh poultry manure under different temperatures (22° to 38°C) and relative humidity (19 to 80%) conditions to determine the hatchability of fly eggs, growth of larvae, production of pupae, and physical changes in the poultry manure. Moisture loss from the manure was recorded daily. The inoculation rates varied from 2 to 5 g of fly eggs per 4 kg of fresh poultry manure. Fly eggs and larvae were also placed under caged laying hens for the catabolism of the manure as it was voided. Optimum production of dry pupae was obtained with a combination of 3 g of fly eggs in 4 kg of fresh poultry manure at 27°C and relative humidity of 41%. Moisture in the manure was reduced from 78.5 to 55.0% by larval activity and aeration. When relative humidity was increased from 38 to 70%, the production of pupae at 34° to 38°C was significantly ( P <0.01) increased. The combination of 2 g of fly eggs per 4 kg of fresh poultry manure produced significantly ( P <0.01) heavier larvae than other combinations in the experiment. In comparison with fresh poultry manure, the manure residue after larval digestion had less odor, contained less moisture, and was granular in texture. The fly larvae developed well under the caged layers, reducing freshly voided manure to granular material within a few hours. A fungal development in digested manure was observed at 32°C when the relative humidity was increased to 80%.
Seven Principles in Image Formation

Advertising must have impact, but may miss the goal of stimulating demand because of a failure to create a favorable image.This article describes psychological and sociological influences affecting...
Predictors of changes in students’ motivational resilience over the school year: The roles of teacher support, self-appraisals, and emotional reactivity

Students perform better in school to the extent they are able to engage fully, cope adaptively, and bounce back from obstacles and setbacks in their academic work. These three processes, which studies suggest are positively inter-connected, may comprise a self-sustaining system that enables motivational resilience. Using self-determination theory to frame hypotheses about such a motivational system, this study examined (1) whether a set of personal factors (self-perceptions of relatedness, competence, and autonomy), interpersonal resources (perceptions of teacher warmth, structure, and autonomy support), and emotional reactivity predicted changes in motivational resilience over the school year; (2) whether motivational resilience in turn predicted improvements in students’ achievement and also fed back to increases in their personal and interpersonal resources; and (3) whether teacher support could shift established motivational patterns. A latent path model depicting these processes showed a good fit wit...
Clinical Observation on Fuming and Steaming with Herbal Medicine and Acupoint Massage for Postpartum Arthralgia

【Objective】To observe the therapeutic effect of fuming and steaming with herbal medicine and acupoint massage for postpartum arthralgia(PA).【Methods】Ninety PA patients were equally divided into 3 groups by using the random number table.Group A was treated by massaging four limbs and by pressing acupoints of Quchi,Neiguan,Waiguan,Hegu,Zusanli and Sanyinjiao.Group B was treated by fuming and steaming the lower limbs with the powder of Radix Saposhnikoviae, Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Caulis Trachelospermi,and by hot-compressing on joints of the four limbs.Group C was treated by the combined therapy of groups A and B.The three groups were treated for 7 days.The arthralgia scoring was compared before and after treatment,and the therapeutic effect was observed after treatment.The patients were followed-up for 42 days.【Results】The total effective rate was 80.0% in group A,83.3% in group B and 96.7% in group C.The effect was similar in groups A and B(P0.05),and was superior in group C than that in groups A and B(P0.05).Arthralgia was much relieved in the three groups after treatment as compared with that before treatment(P0.05 or P0.01).Arthralgia relief was similar in groups A and B(P0.05),and was superior in group C than that in groups A and B(P0.05).The result of follow-up showed that arthralgia became severe in none of group C,in 4 patients of group A and in 3 of group B,the difference being significant between group C and the other two groups(P0.05).【Conclusion】The combination of fuming and steaming with herbal medicine and acupoint massage exerts a better effect for postpartum arthralgia than any of the above two,indicating that the combination of the above two has synergistic action.
Analysis of health literacy among residents of Henan Province in 2012

Objective To investigate the health literacy level of residents in Henan Province,and provide scientific supports for developing intervention strategies of health literacy. Methods Multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used,3621 residents aged 15 to 69 years old from 12 counties in Henan Province were investigated. Results The general health literacy rate among residents of Henan Province was 6. 6%. The proportion of residents with basic knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle and behavior,and health related skills was 20. 3%,9. 9% and 8. 1% respectively. Scientific health view literacy,infectious disease prevention literacy,chronic disease prevention literacy,security and emergency literacy,basic medical literacy and information acquisition and application literacy was 33. 7%,17. 8%,8. 3%,47. 6%,9. 5% and 10. 1%,respectively. Conclusion The overall level of health literacy was low among residents in Henan Province. The government should pay more attention on health education and promotion and spread health literacy-related knowledge to improve the health literacy level of all the residents.
Paired comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of multispectral digital skin lesion analysis and reflectance confocal microscopy in the detection of melanoma in vivo: A cross-sectional study

Background Several technologies have been developed to aid dermatologists in the detection of melanoma in vivo including dermoscopy, multispectral digital skin lesion analysis (MDSLA), and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). To our knowledge, there have been no studies directly comparing MDSLA and RCM. Objective We conducted a repeated measures analysis comparing the sensitivity and specificity of MDSLA and RCM in the detection of melanoma (n = 55 lesions from 36 patients). Methods Study patients (n = 36) with atypical-appearing pigmented lesions (n = 55) underwent imaging by both RCM and MDSLA. Lesions were biopsied and analyzed by histopathology. Results RCM exhibited superior test metrics ( P = .001, McNemar test) compared with MDSLA. Respectively, sensitivity measures were 85.7% and 71.4%, and specificity rates were 66.7% and 25.0%. Limitations The sample size was relatively small and was collected from only one dermatologist's patient base; there was some degree of dermatopathologist interobserver variability; and only one confocalist performed the RCM image evaluations. Conclusion RCM is a useful adjunct during clinical assessment of in vivo lesions suspicious for melanoma or those requiring re-excision because of high level of dysplasia or having features consistent with an atypical melanocytic nevus with severe cytologic atypia.
Assay to Evaluate BAL Fluid Regulation of Fibroblast α-SMA Expression

Because transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) induces differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, we developed a protocol to evaluate alveolar macrophage-derived TGF-β1 regulation of lung fibroblast differentiation (Larson-Casey et al., 2016). The protocol allows evaluating the ability of mouse bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid to alter fibroblast differentiation. Fibroblast differentiation was measured by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Background Alveolar macrophages play an integral role in pulmonary fibrosis development by increasing the expression of TGF-β1 (He et al., 2011). Our prior data demonstrate that alveolar macrophages are a critical source of TGF-β1 as mice harboring a conditional deletion of TGF-β1 in macrophages were protected from pulmonary fibrosis (Larson-Casey et al., 2016). The expression of α-SMA is a defining feature of myofibroblasts, and TGF-β1 is a well-characterized pro-fibrotic mediator that induces transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts both in vitro (Desmouliere et al., 1993) and in vivo (Sime et al., 1997). Prior studies exposed fibroblasts to recombinant TGF-β1 to show its effect on differentiation and function (Horowitz et al., 2007). Here we have developed a protocol for determining the ability of mouse BAL fluid to alter the differentiation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, the cells that produce extracellular matrix proteins.
Domain wall creep in magnetic thin films near the depinning transition

Domain wall creep near the depinning transition is investigated by using micromagnetic simulations of Pt/Co/Pt magnetic thin films with perpendicular anisotropy. Weak quenched disorder is considered which provides a depinning field lower than the Walker field thus allows access to the depinning transition below the Walker field. The simulated domain wall velocity is analyzed as a function of applied magnetic field in the creep, depinning, steady flow, and precessional flow regimes and compared with the experimental measurements. The energy barrier exponent and characteristic energy scale characterizing domain wall creep near the depinning transition are obtained by analyzing both the simulation and experimental data, and the results are examined against general theories of creep near the depinning threshold.
A Constrained Time-Dependent K Shortest Paths Algorithm Addressing Overlap and Travel Time Deviation

ABSTRACT Theoretical research often assumes all users are homogeneous in their route choice decision and will always pick the route with the shortest travel cost, which is not necessarily the case in reality. This paper documents the research effort in developing a Constrained Time-Dependent K Shortest Paths Algorithm in order to find K Shortest Paths between two given locations. The goal of this research is to provide sound route options to travelers in order to assist their route choice decision process, during which the overlap and travel time deviation issues between the K paths will be considered. The proposed algorithm balancing overlap and travel time deviation is developed in this research. A numerical analysis is conducted on the Tucson I-10 network, the outcome of the case study shows that our proposed algorithm is able to find different shortest paths with a reasonable degree of similarity and close travel time, which indicates that the result of the proposed algorithm is satisfactory.
An Integrated Microfluidic Processor for DNA-Encoded Combinatorial Library Functional Screening

DNA-encoded synthesis is rekindling interest in combinatorial compound libraries for drug discovery and in technology for automated and quantitative library screening. Here, we disclose a microfluidic circuit that enables functional screens of DNA-encoded compound beads. The device carries out library bead distribution into picoliter-scale assay reagent droplets, photochemical cleavage of compound from the bead, assay incubation, laser-induced fluorescence-based assay detection, and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting to isolate hits. DNA-encoded compound beads (10-μm diameter) displaying a photocleavable positive control inhibitor pepstatin A were mixed (1920 beads, 729 encoding sequences) with negative control beads (58 000 beads, 1728 encoding sequences) and screened for cathepsin D inhibition using a biochemical enzyme activity assay. The circuit sorted 1518 hit droplets for collection following 18 min incubation over a 240 min analysis. Visual inspection of a subset of droplets (1188 droplets) yie...
Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Iron Phosphide Nanorods for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Incorporation of Manganese

The lack of efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts comprising inexpensive Earth-abundant materials limits the viability of water splitting as a clean and renewable source of energy. In this work, we report the synthesis of homogeneous ternary Fe2–xMnxP nanorods with control of Mn incorporation (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) from the solution-phase reaction of manganese and iron carbonyl complexes with trioctylphosphine. The OER activity of Fe2–xMnxP nanorods dramatically increases with the incorporation of Mn (overpotential as low as 0.44 V at 10 mA/cm2 for x = 0.9), and the overpotential can be further decreased (by nearly 0.1 V) by postdeposition annealing. The enhanced OER activity and stability, along with the abundance and availability of Fe and Mn, make bimetallic manganese–iron phosphides a promising class of materials for more cost-effective and efficient water oxidation catalysis.
THE IRONY OF “THE GOLDEN AGE” OF ACCOUNTING METHODOLOGY

Developments in accounting methodology during the 1960s are contrasted with concurrent developments in philosophy of science. The 1960s was a decade characterized by the widespread adoption of “the scientific method” in accounting methodology. The same decade was characterized by the degeneration of any semblance of consensus among philosophers of science regarding the nature of scientific inquiry. The irony of these incongruous but simultaneous developments is highlighted with the intent of weakening the current atmosphere of uncritical reverence for science and “the scientific method” in accounting research. A more contemporary (and more open) view of science — the postempiricist view — also is discussed.
Games Analysis Treatment of Social Isolation in a Gender Disturbed Boy

The effectiveness of a therapeutic motor development program in increasing motor development, sex-appropriate play patterns, and peer acceptance was investigated in a 10-year-old, gender-disturbed ...
Treatment of Cardiac Septal Defects

Atrial septal defects are congenital deficiencies in the wall separating systemic and pulmonary venous returns as they enter the heart. This allows blood from the lungs to flow through the defect and increase the volume of blood passing through the pulmonary arteries. In individuals in their 20s, living with such a defect can eventually cause permanent damage to the pulmonary vasculature. To prevent this and other problems associated with these malformations (i.e., cardiac arrhythmias), closure of atrial septal defects is recommended during the first few years of life (1).
The hazards of stopping a brain in motion: evaluation and classification of traumatic brain injury.

An examination of the causes of traumatic brain injury, the mechanisms of primary and secondary injury, and how those injuries are evaluated and classified. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Epstein-Barr virus infections of the nervous system.

Abstract Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that is highly prevalent in all human populations studied. The initial infection is either asymptomatic or a self-limited febrile illness, but occasionally may be more severe and cause neurologic and systemic disease. After resolution of the initial illness, the virus persists in a “latent” asymptomatic form, kept in check by the immune system. In the modern era of immune modulation and suppression (cancer chemotherapy, transplants, monoclonal antibody therapy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)), EBV can become “reactivated,” and result in a number of illnesses, some affecting the nervous system. The systemic and neurologic effects of EBV can be difficult to diagnose and manage. In part, this is due to the unusual mix of pathogenetic mechanisms of EBV, which infects and immortalizes B lymphocytes. Immune insufficiency can unleash a lymphoproliferative state. Treatment of EBV disease may require consideration of a neoplastic treatment paradigm, in addition to regular antiviral medications.
Power System Dynamic Equilibrium, Power Flow, and Steady-State Stability

The material in this chapter focuses on the relationship between power system dynamic equilibrium, power flow, and operating point stability. It addresses issues relating steady-state equilibrium in electric power systems with possible implications about stability of the associated operating point. It presents various connections between dynamic models, dynamic equilibrium, power-flow analysis, and the significance of singularities of Jacobian matrices involved in various computations. It includes advances on earlier work on this subject and provides recent results on computing the equilibrium of “post-contingency” models. These post-contingency models are created to enforce the concept of “constant control inputs” in the steady-state analysis. This impacts subtle things such as post-contingency speed (frequency) and remote voltage regulation. The concepts are illustrated on small system models. Different methods of computation are presented to provide alternatives for possible practical implementation.
Is Managed Relocation of Rare Plants Another Pathway for Biological Invasions

Numerous studies have suggested that Earth’s climate has changed and will continue to change in response to human activities. It is expected that average temperatures will increase, in some places as much as 4 °C, between 1990 and 2040 (IPCC 2007). In addition, precipitation will probably change, becoming drier in some areas and wetter in others. The intensity of storms, such as hurricanes, may also increase in some areas (IPCC 2007). Biological organisms have physiological tolerances to climate extremes, which may decrease their ability to survive or be sufficiently competitive in the new climates, with different ranges. Although most animals and some plants may be able to migrate to more appropriate locations, many plants have limited seed dispersal capabilities and may be unable to reach suitable habitat without assistance.
Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Pregnancy

Many women have significant sleep complaints during pregnancy. One of the more frequent complaints is that of restless legs. Ekbom in 1945 was the first person to describe this in detail, labeled it as a ‘‘restless leg’’ condition and identified pregnancy as a common cause (1, 2). Further study of patients with complaints of restless legs revealed there were patients who had limb (both legs and arms) movements during wakefulness and sleep that was disruptive. In 1980, Coleman characterized these limb movements based on the periodicity, duration, and persistence of the movements during sleep (3). His work and others lead to a separate diagnostic condition referred to as Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) (4). Pregnancy is a risk factor for developing both Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and PLMD. Most of the available scientific literature focuses on RLS and its association with pregnancy. PLMD has an 80–90% association withRLS; however, PLMD is a distinct condition that has been associated not only with RLS but also with narcolepsy and Parkinson’s disease. Unfortunately, there is very little data on PLMD in pregnancy. In this chapter, we will discuss in detail RLS during pregnancy and briefly discuss PLMD in pregnancy.
SFP: Toward Interdomain Routing for SDN Networks

Interdomain routing using BGP is widely deployed and well understood. The deployment of SDN in BGP domain networks, however, has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we first show that the use-announcement inconsistency is a fundamental mismatch in such a deployment, leading to serious issues including unnecessary blackholes, unnecessary reduced reachability, and permanent forwarding loops. We then design SFP, the first fine-grained interdomain routing protocol that extends BGP with fine-grained routing, eliminating the aforementioned mismatch. We develop two novel techniques, automatic receiver filtering and on-demand information dissemination, to address the scalability issue brought by fine-grained routing. Evaluating SFP using real network topologies and traces for intended settings, which are not global Internet but tens of collaborative domains, we show that SFP can reduce the amount of traffic affected by blackholes and loops by more than 50%, and that our proposed techniques can reduce the amount of signaling between ASes by 3 orders of magnitude compared with naive fine-grained routing.
Maintaining the Relevance of Technology Management Programs in an Entrepreneurial Environment

Technology Management programs in universities need to keep current with the needs of businesses to remain viable. While it is important for faculty members to remain up-to-date in their areas of expertise, feedback from professionals in the industry is also critical. To collect such feedback, two undergraduate Technology Management programs-one in the Midwest and one in the West — sent out surveys to over 1,700 national and international technology management professionals. Over 350 surveys were completed by respondents from 30 different countries. Almost 86% of these respondents were employed full-time in sectors such as education, computers and information technology, manufacturing, and research and development. Respondents were asked about the importance of topics such as organizational and technological change; project, quality, and strategic management; information and knowledge management; and management of innovation and product development. This paper will explore what elements technology professionals believe are important to managing technological entrepreneurship of the future. It will also specifically report how the responding professionals view skills in areas like launching new products, understanding patent laws, designing processes, and predicting new product success. The findings will provide useful insights into how to design tomorrow's Technology Management curricula that produces professionals capable of managing technological entrepreneurship.
Single-Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children And Conversion to Multiport Appendectomy

Abstract Background Single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) in the pediatric population has been well described. Our children's hospital has adopted this modality for nearly all appendectomies. From our center's experience, we hoped to identify factors that portend conversion from SILA to multiport appendectomy. We compared our cohort of conventional three-port laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) for outcomes including operative time, postop length of stay (LOS), complications, and readmission. Materials and methods A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent appendectomy from 2012 to 2017 at our children's hospital was performed. The type of appendectomy performed, if the case required conversion to multiple ports, and perforation status were recorded. Demographic data identified included age, sex, and body mass index. Outcomes analyzed were operative time, LOS, and postoperative complication/readmission rate. Results Of 1001 appendectomies performed, 959 (95.9%) were initiated with plan for SILA, and 35 (3.5%) were initiated CLA. Of those initiated SILA, 884/959 (92.2%) were completed without additional port placement. Cases which were not able to be completed SILA were statistically significantly more likely to be male patients, have increased body mass index, or perforated appendicitis. When compared to cases initiated CLA, SILA remained statistically similar for readmission and LOS but had significantly faster operative time. Conclusions SILA appears to be a safe and efficient modality for the treatment of appendicitis in pediatric populations with no increased morbidity. Parents of children who are obese, males, or present with perforation should be counseled regarding the possibility of additional port placement or considered for initiating conventional three-port laparoscopic appendectomy.
Four-Coordinate Copper Halonitrosyl {CuNO}10 Complexes

While copper nitrosyl complexes are implicated in numerous biological systems, isolable examples remain limited. In this report, we show that [Cl3 CuNO]- , with a {CuNO}10 electron configuration, can be generated by nitrite reduction at a copper(I) dichloride anion or by nitric oxide addition to a copper(II) trichloride precursor. The bromide analogue, [Br3 CuNO]- was synthesized analogously, and both copper halonitrosyl complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction and a variety of spectroscopic methods. Experimental data and multireference (CASSCF/NEVPT2) calculations provide strong evidence for a CuII -NO. ground state. Both [Cl3 CuNO]- and [Br3 CuNO]- release and recapture NO. reversibly, and exhibit nitrosative reactivities toward a wide range of biological nucleophiles, such as amines, alcohols, and thiols.
A continuum approach for consolidation modeling in composites processing

Abstract During composite processing, consolidation refers to the application of pressure and/or temperature cycle to the fiber preforms and the uncured liquid resin to increase the fiber volume fraction. The goal is to eliminate voids before the resin solidifies. Consolidation process involves two stages. In the first stage voids are filled and reinforcement compressed due to the application of pressure. Elevated temperatures facilitate this by reducing the viscosity of the resin. In the second stage, the resin cures and the structure solidifies. This paper describes the modeling approach for the first stage of the consolidation process. Governing equations are presented for reinforcement deformation, resin redistribution and porosity evaluation and a semi-implicit numerical scheme well suited to handle complex material models is formulated to track the evolution of part properties during the consolidation process. The applicability of the model is demonstrated with the help of two diverse examples: (1) Consolidation of prepreg facesheets during co-cure of a sandwich panel and (2) Corner consolidation during autoclave processing of a prepreg-based panel. The effects of geometry (such as radius of curvature) and materials (such as initial porosity) are discussed.
Allopatric speciation is more prevalent than parapatric ecological divergence in tropical montane systems (Asteraceae: Piofontia)

ABSTRACT Elucidating how species accumulate in diversity hotspots is an ongoing debate in evolutionary biology. The paramo, in the Northern Andes, has remarkable high indices of plant diversity, endemicity, and diversification rates. A hypothesis for explaining such indices is that allopatric speciation is high in the paramo given its island-like distribution; an alternative hypothesis is that the altitudinal gradients of the Andean topography provides a variety of niches that drive vertical parapatric ecological speciation. A formal test for evaluating the relative roles of allopatric speciation and parapatric ecological divergence has not been carried out. The main aim of our study is to test which kind of speciation is more common in the paramo. We developed a framework incorporating phylogenetics, species’ distributions, and a morpho-ecological trait (leaf area) to compare sister species and infer whether allopatry or parapatric ecological divergence caused their speciation. We applied our framework to the species-rich genus Piofontia (63 spp.) and found that the majority of speciation events in Piofontia, (80%) have been driven by allopatric speciation events, while a smaller fraction (13%) are attributed to parapatric ecological divergence; one event produced inconclusive results (7%). We conclude that paramo autochthonous diversification is primarily driven by allopatric speciation.