cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The superior turbinate as a source of functional human olfactory receptor neurons.

Objectives The function of human olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) remains incompletely understood, in part because of the difficulty of obtaining viable olfactory tissue for study. During endoscopic sphenoidotomy, a portion of the superior turbinate is often removed to achieve wide and safe access to the sphenoid sinus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether functional olfactory mucosa could be obtained from such superior turbinate tissue. Study Design/Methods Superior turbinate tissue was resected from 4 patients undergoing transnasal endoscopic approaches to the sphenoid sinus. The gross appearance of the turbinate mucosa was normal at the time of surgery. The specimens were placed directly into cold cell culture media and transferred to the laboratory. A portion of the mucosa was fixed and embedded for histology and immunohistochemistry. The remaining tissue was enzymatically dissociated, and the resulting cell suspension was either prepared for immediate calcium imaging or placed into cell culture. Cultured ORNs underwent calcium imaging after several weeks to assess their ability to respond to odorants. Results Histologic analysis of superior turbinate tissue revealed the presence of patchy olfactory neuroepithelium staining positive for olfactory marker protein. Acutely dissociated ORNs were capable of generating calcium responses to odorant mixtures. ORNs could be maintained in mixed culture and retained their ability to respond to odorants. Conclusions Superior turbinate tissue removed during endoscopic sphenoidotomy can provide a valuable source of human olfactory neuroepithelium for functional or histologic study. Superior turbinate tissue yields stem cells and immature neurons capable of differentiating into ORNs that retain many of their functional characteristics even after growth in culture.
Residential treatment for drug addicted women and their children: Effective treatment strategies

SUMMARY Concern regarding the health of female drug users and the well being of her children or fetus have prompted researchers and service providers to look for effective treatment strategies for this population. This study examined the differential effectiveness of providing residential treatment for drug using women and their children with residential treatment for women alone (with child housing and care provided elsewhere). Results of the study indicated that the women who were assigned to have their children live with them in treatment reported better outcomes six months after discharge from the program compared to those who did not have their children with them in treatment. A greater percentage of the women who had their children live with them reported abstaining from alcohol and drugs, being employed, having custody of their children, not being arrested or incarcerated and being involved in aftercare or support groups. Implications of the research findings are discussed.
Influence of surgical subspecialty training on in-hospital mortality for gastrectomy and colectomy patients.

Objective: This study examined the relationship of surgeon subspecialty training and interests to in-hospital mortality while controlling for both hospital and surgeon volume. Background Data: The relationship between volume of surgical procedures and in-hospital mortality has been studied and shows an inverse relationship. Methods: A large Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System was used to identify all 55,016 inpatients who underwent gastrectomy (n = 6434) or colectomy (n = 48,582) between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2001. Surgical subspecialty training and interest was defined as surgeons who were members of the Society of Surgical Oncology (training/interest; n = 68) or the Society of Colorectal Surgery (training; n = 61) during the study period. The association of in-hospital mortality and subspecialty training/interest was examined using a logistic regression model, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, insurance status, and hospital and surgeon volume. Results: Overall mortality for colectomy patients was 4.6%; the adjusted mortality rate for subspecialty versus nonsubspecialty-trained surgeons was 2.4% versus 4.8%, respectively (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34, 0.60; P < 0.0001). Gastrectomy patients experienced an overall mortality rate of 8.4%; the adjusted mortality rate for patients treated by subspecialty trained surgeons was 6.5%, while the adjusted mortality rate for nonsubspecialty trained surgeons was 8.7% (adjusted OR = 0.70; 95% Cl = 0.46, 1.08; P = 0.10). Conclusions: For gastrectomies and colectomies, risk-adjusted mortality is substantially lower when performed by subspecialty interested and trained surgeons, even after accounting for hospital and surgeon volume and patient characteristics. These findings may have implications for surgical training programs and for regionalization of complex surgical procedures.
Reversible nanovalves in inorganic materials

This article describes recent developments in the design, fabrication and investigation of reversible nanovalves prepared in inorganic nanoporous materials such as glass, silicon nitride, mesoporous silica, anodized alumina and silica colloidal crystals. Their surfaces have been modified with pH-, temperature- and light-responsive molecules, as well as molecules that can undergo redox reactions and bind small molecules. This surface modification allows reversibly opening and closing of the nanovalves to the transport of ions based on electrostatic interactions, and to the transport of molecules based on mechanically gating the nanopores.
Breaking ground: librarians working outside the library

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale and purpose by which librarians have been assigned to a “computer commons” outside the traditional library building on a large campus of a community college.Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of a literature review and commentary on this topic that is now being addressed by cost‐conscious colleagues.Findings – Usage of the library building is increasing and therefore a reasonable response needed to be developed.Originality/value – The value in addressing this issue is to encourage discussion on other community college campuses.
Minimization of CO2 Emissions for Spread Footings under Biaxial Uplift Using a Big Bang-Big Big Crunch Algorithm

A procedure is developed to minimize CO2 emissions for the design of reinforced concrete spread footings subjected to biaxial bending satisfying both geotechnical limit states and structural requirements using a Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) algorithm. The objectives are to minimize CO2 emissions and compare designs developed for loading outside of the kern area with analysis procedures when loading is within the kern area. The CO2 emissions are associated with the extraction and transportation of raw materials; processing, manufacturing, and fabrication of products; and the emissions of equipment involved in the construction process. The CO2 objective function is subjected to soil bearing and displacement limits, as well as bending moment, shear force, and reinforcing details specified by the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-11). A design example is presented to compare low-CO2 emission designs when detachment of the soil from the footing occurs to low-CO2 emission designs when the entire base of the footing is in compression. Results are presented that demonstrate the effects of different magnitudes of eccentricities on designs.
Imaging 2D Turbulence

Gravity-driven flow in a soap film tunnel is spatially almost two-dimensional. A modification of particle-image velocimetry technique produces a comprehensive quantitative description of the flow. The technique allows simultaneous acquisition of the velocity (two components) in the plane of the film and the film thickness. The latter behaves as a scalar advected by the flow. The visualization method developed for these data sets uses the thickness field, the vorticity field and the instantaneous velocity streamline pattern for surface elevation, color and bump maps respectively, resulting in color surface images that reveal important features of the flow. In decaying turbulence behind a row of cylinders (2D grid turbulence), the images demonstrate the coarsening of the flow structure with downstream distance, which is the feature specific to turbulence in two dimensions. Strong correlation between thickness fluctuations and vorticity peaks also becomes apparent.
Genetic and phenotypic variation in reproductive traits of AI boars

The primary objective of this paper is to review our current understanding of phenotypic variation in reproductive traits of AI boars. The proportion of boars that cannot be trained for collection in commercial studs is low and differences among genetic lines are small. In contrast, there is a considerable variation in sperm production and significant differences are present among genotypes. The general pattern is for sperm numbers to increase rapidly between 9 and 13 months of age and then gradually reach a plateau. This initial period of enhanced production occurs over a longer period in some genetic lines, resulting in differences of 30 x 10(9) sperm cells or more per ejaculate. There also are genetic lines of boars that seem to have a high "heat tolerance". Decreases in sperm production during periods of high environmental temperatures average 5-7% in these lines, compared with 15-20% in others. Finally, there are boars currently being used in the industry that are capable of producing exceptional fertility results with low numbers of sperm. Unfortunately, several breeding practices common to swine AI make their routine identification difficult. Based on the phenotypic variation observed in modern terminal sire lines of AI boars, current prospects for influencing sperm production, boar fertility, and mounting behaviours through genetic selection are viewed as being good, moderate to low, and poor, respectively.
Local vascular and thermal changes that accompany electric shock.

A series of experiments was conducted to determine whether any physiological changes accompany the previously observed drop in impedance of the electrodeskin circuit during the administration of electric shock. Two concentric shock electrodes were modified by the addition of devices to measure the local temperature, blood volume, and blood pulse volume changes occurring directly under the electrode. Subjects were given a series of shocks through one of these electrodes, but not the other, while the physiological measures were recorded at both sites. No significant differences in temperature and blood volume measures occurred between shocked and unshocked electrodes. However, directly correlated with the drastic drop in impedance of the shocked circuit was a marked increase in blood pulse volume, inferred to be a manifestation of the axon reflex. The two related effects were shown to be highly localized at or near the shocked electrode, and also to be characteristic only of the passage of current through electrode-skin junctions.
Distinct subsets of nucleus accumbens neurons encode operant responding for ethanol versus water.

Subsets of nucleus accumbens neurons process information about operant responses for drug as well as natural rewards (food and water) by excitations and inhibitions in firing rate time-locked to the operant response. The degree to which ensembles of neurons exhibit similar firing patterns when encoding cues and operant responses across different reinforcer conditions will provide critical information regarding the functional organization of this nucleus. The present experiment evaluated the relative contribution of subsets of accumbens neurons that encode distinct features of lever press responding for ethanol versus water. Electrophysiological recordings (n = 153 neurons) were made in the accumbens of rats trained on concurrent reinforcement schedules for ethanol and water throughout a self-administration session. During operant responding, 52% of neurons exhibited patterned discharges characterized by significant increases or decreases in firing rate ±1 s relative to lever presses for ethanol and/or water. Of these phasic cells, 85% discriminated between presses for ethanol and water (i.e., exhibited firing patterns unique to one reinforcer type), while 15% exhibited identical firing patterns relative to lever presses for both reinforcers. Notably, the data revealed that both high ethanol preference and spatially distinct lever positions contributed to the reinforcer specificity. Together, these data demonstrate that subsets of nucleus accumbens neurons encode conditioned and instrumental aspects of ethanol versus water reinforcement in well-trained rats, and that reinforcer preference and spatial cues are important components of this differential information processing.
Spectral Selectivity of Photocatalyzed Reactions Occurring in Liquid−Solid Photosystems

The photocatalyzed transformations of phenol (PhOH) and 4-chlorophenol (4ClPhOH) in irradiated TiO 2 (P25) aqueous dispersions were reexamined to assess the spectral dependencies of the selectivities of the primary oxidative and/or reductive steps in the formation of the primary intermediates catechol (Cat), hydroquinone (HQ), and benzoquinone (BQ) for PhOH and chlorocatechol (ClCat), HQ, and BQ for 4ClPhOH. These selectivities depend on the relative surface concentrations of the electrons and holes at the various wavelengths, which in turn hinge on the spectral variations of the absorption coefficients of the photocatalyst. The rates of degradation of PhOH and of 4ClPhOH, together with the rates of formation of the primary intermediate species, scaled linearly with photon flow from the irradiation source, as required if quantum yields and selectivities of formation of the intermediates are to be correctly evaluated. As expected, the selectivities of formation of the intermediates in phenol were spectrally invariant, whereas those for the 4-chlorophenol were spectrally variant. The average of the spectrally integrated selectivities for the formation of Cat, HQ, and BQ for phenol ranged from 0.18 to 0.24 (error ca. ′0.02), whereas the corresponding ones for the formation of ClCat, HQ, and BQ from 4-chlorophenol ranged between 0.18 and 0.32. With a minor exception, these selectivities compare remarkably well with those determined under broadband irradiation (0.20-0.24 for phenol and 0.15-0.26 for 4-chlorophenol).
Optimizing Time-Domain Network Analysis

In this work, we demonstrate how changes in sample density, time-window size, and waveform averaging affect the accuracy and acquisition time of calibrated time-domain network analysis. One of the key results from this study is that accuracy can be enhanced by eliminating the incident step-edge signal from the time-domain reflection waveform before maximizing the instrument's vertical scale. This study identifies the trade-offs between accuracy and measurement speed and examines other trends to provide general guidance in establishing reliable and efficient time-domain network analysis measurements for a variety of rf and microwave applications.
Modeling multi-object interactions using string of feature graphs

In this paper, a novel generalized framework of activity representation and recognition based on a 'string of feature graphs (SFG)' model is introduced. The proposed framework represents a visual activity as a string of feature graphs, where the string elements are initially matched using a graph-based spectral technique, followed by a dynamic programming scheme for matching the complete strings. The framework is motivated by success of time sequence analysis approaches in speech recognition, but modified in order to capture the spatio-temporal properties of individual actions, the interactions between objects, and speed of activity execution. This framework can be adapted to various spatio-temporal motion features, and we show details on using STIP features and track features. Furthermore, we show how this SFG model can be embedded within a switched dynamical system (SDS) that is able to automatically choose the most efficient features for a particular video segment. This allows us to analyze a variety of activities in natural videos in a computationally efficient manner. Experimental results on the basic SFG model as well as its integration with the SDS are shown on some of the most challenging multi-object datasets available to the activity analysis community.
Multiphase LBM Distributed over Multiple GPUs

A parallel distributed CUDA implementation of a Lattice Boltzmann Method for multiphase flows with large density ratios is described in this paper. Validation runs studying the terminal velocity of a rising bubble under the effect of gravity show good agreement with the expected theoretical values. The code is benchmarked against the performance of a typical CPU implementation of the same algorithm on both AMD and Intel platforms, and a single GPU is observed to perform up to 10X faster than a quad-core CPU socket, a 40X speedup with respect to a single core. The code is shown to scale well when executed on multiple GPUs, which makes the port to CUDA valuable even when compared to parallel CPU implementations.
Electrophysiologic effects of the antiarrhythmic agent disopyramide phosphate.

The electrophysiologic effects of the antiarrhythmic agent disopyramide phosphate given intravenously were studied in 10 patients with cardiac disease. Studies included determinations of sinus recovery time and refractoriness of the atria, the atrioventricular (A-V) node and the His-Purkinje system. Measurements were performed at rest and 15 and 30 minutes after administration of disopyramide. Serum drug levels were measured at these times. Sinus recovery time was shortened at both 15 and 30 minutes, with an average decrease of 39.5 and 146.2 msec, respectively (P < 0.01). Atrial refractoriness was not altered significantly, but tended to be reduced; the mean effective refractory period was 289.5 msec before administration of disopyramide and 259 and 270 msec 15 and 30 minutes, respectively, after administration. The functional refractory period of the atrioventricular (A-V) node was definitely prolonged in seven patients 15 minutes after administration of disopyramide. The relative refractory period of the His-Purkinje System was not altered. Although this study does not elucidate the mechanism by which disopyramide achieves its antiarrhythmic effects, animal work has shown that it is similar to that of quinidine. In the doses used the drug does not seem to cause first, second or third degree A-V block or fascicular or bundle branch block; it did not increase the severity of first degree A-V block in the three patients with this disturbance. The drug may be particularly useful when arrhythmias are associated with slow sinus rates.
The flow-phase diagram of Doi-Hess theory for sheared nematic polymers II: finite shear rates

The purpose of this paper is to extend the rheological predictions of the Doi-Hess kinetic theory for sheared nematic polymers from the anomalous weak shear regime (Forest et al. 2004a) to arbitrary shear rates, and to associate salient rheological and optical properties with the solution space of kinetic theory. Using numerical bifurcation software (AUTO), we provide the phase diagram of all stable monodomain orientational probability distribution functions (PDFs) and their phase transitions (bifurcations) vs nematic concentration (N) and normalized shear rate (Peclet number, Pe) for Pe≥1. Shear stresses, normal stress differences, the peak direction of the orientational distribution, and birefringence order parameters are calculated and illustrated for each type of PDF attractor: steady flow-aligning, both in and out of the flow deformation plane and along the vorticity axis; unsteady limit cycles, where the peak orientation direction rotates in-plane or around the vorticity axis or in bi-stable orbits tilted between them; and chaotic attractors first observed in kinetic simulations by Grosso et al. (2001). We pay particular attention to correlations between rheological features and the variety of monodomain phase transitions. Together with the weak flow regime, these results provide a nearly complete picture of the rheological consequences of the Doi-Hess kinetic theory for sheared monodomains of rigid, extreme aspect ratio, nematic rods or platelets.
Cauldron: a policy-based design tool

As applications and systems have grown complex, so has the complexity of maintaining valid configurations for them. Usually, policies are treated as {event, condition, action} rule sets and are used to maintain systems in valid configurations. In this paper, we use policies, defined as configuration constraints on object-oriented models of systems, to generate configurations that meet those policies. We describe Cauldron, a policy-based design tool for this purpose. The paper discusses the Cauldron language, and shows how various relationships present in object-oriented models are coded using the Common Information Model (CIM) as an example. We also discuss the implementation of Cauldron, specifically as it relates to the underlying theory that enables it to generate valid configurations. We have also used a partitionable system as a case study for validating Cauldron.
Crystal Structure of Yttrium and Other Rare-Earth Borates

The crystal structures of YBO/sub 3/ and several isomorphous rare-earth borates were determined from x-ray diffraction powder patterns. The unit ceii is hexagonal with the borate groups parallel to c, and each rare-earth ion is coordinated to a distorted cube of eight oxygens. Magnetic-susceptibility measurements on ErBO/sub 3/ show only slight deviations from ideal paramagnetic behavior at low temperatures. (auth)
Experience as Knowledge in a New Product Development Team: Implications for Knowledge Management

This study was conducted to better understand how New Product Development (NPD) team members apply their experiences to meet the task needs of their project. Although “experience” is highly valued in team members, little research has looked specifically at experiences as a type of knowledge, and how this knowledge is used in work settings. This research evaluated nearly 200 instances where team members referenced past experiences during team meetings. During these experience exchanges, team members structured the sharing of their experiences to include three common elements: the source of the experience, the nature of the experience, and the degree of relevance to the current work of the team. The experiences fell into four categories: people (relationships), process, product, and politics. This paper describes how team members structured, applied, and integrated their individual experiences and presents the resulting implications for knowledge management systems that wish to exploit experience knowledge.
A region based approach for the identification of hardware Trojans

Outsourcing of SoC fabrication units has created the potential threat of design tampering using hardware Trojans. Methods based on side-channel analysis exist to differentiate such maligned ICs from the genuine ones but process variation in the foundries limit the effectiveness of such approaches. In this work, we propose a circuit partition based approach to detect and locate the embedded Trojan. Results show that our approach is effective in separating out candidate Trojans in the circuit. In addition, we provide a power profile based method for refining the candidate regions that may contain a Trojan. In many cases, such an isolation method leads to noticeable manifestation of the anomalous behavior of the circuit due to the presence of the Trojan thereby enhancing chances of their detection.
Load-sensitive deflection routing for contention resolution in optical packet switched networks

Contention resolution schemes are key determinant of network performances in optical packet switched networks. This paper presents a contention resolution scheme in wavelength and space dimensions. By integrating deflection routing with wavelength conversion, this paper investigates their effects on packet-loss performance through simulation studies. In particular, we propose a load-sensitive deflection routing algorithm to compute preferred and deflection routing tables. The proposed algorithm proves effective in resolving contention and in reducing packet-loss rates. The load-sensitive deflection routing can share network resources between multiple nodes effectively and produce the same effect as increasing the number of wavelengths in each node. Simulation comparisons with other deflection routing schemes indicate that the load-sensitive deflection routing is the most effective when the load is high in some parts of a network.
Dynamical systems for joint principal and minor component analysis

Most known principal or a minor subspace (or component) analyzers compute either the principal or the minor subspaces of a given data matrix but not both. This paper presents several methods for simultaneous computation of principal and minor subspaces of a symmetric matrix. Weighted versions of these methods for joint computation of principal and minor components are also given. The proposed methods are derived from the optimization of certain objective functions over orthogonal constraints. Several features such as penalty terms are added to obtain reliable algorithms.
Understanding DSS value: an options perspective

This paper examines an important source of the value of decision support systems (DSS), namely flexibility. It proposes the use of options theory for systematically analyzing, understanding, and possibly quantifying flexibility resulting from the use of DSS for a class of decision scenarios. A review of relevant literature on flexibility and options theory is provided. The flexibility resulting from DSS use is conceptualized as the change in value of a portfolio of options. Insight provided by options theory is compared with anecdotal evidence of DSS value that has been reported in the MIS literature. Examples of DSS valuation using options theory are provided. Managerial and research implications for the evaluation and justification of DSS as well as for the development of DSS are discussed.
Plasmon Enhancements for FIR Detection

The use of plasmons to improve the response of FIR and THz detectors is generating extensive interest. Increased absorption due to the plasmonic absorption in a GaAs wafer with a thin oxide layer and a metal grid is reported. As expected, an absorption peak for E perpendicular to the grid is observed with peak wavelength varying from 12.6 to 14.3 mum as the grid period varies from 3.6 to 4.5 mum. The absorption peak wavelength obeys the equation sin thetas/lambda + n/a = alpha/lambda with an experimentally determined value of 3.1 for alpha. The plasmon absorption is -25% and incorporation of plasmon effects into FIR detectors could lead to enhanced response.
More rigorous proof of the thermal-noise formula for double injection diodes for ωτ ≫ 1

A more rigorous proof of the thermal-noise formula for double-injection diodes for ωτ ≫ 1 is given, starting from the basic equations of the device.
The Differential Effects of Intimate Terrorism and Situational Couple Violence: Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey

Data from the National Violence Against Women Survey show that the two major forms of husband violence toward their wives (intimate terrorism and situational couple violence) have different effects on their victims. Victims of intimate terrorism are attacked more frequently and experience violence that is less likely to stop. They are more likely to be injured, to exhibit more of the symptoms of posttraumatic stress syndrome, to use painkillers (perhaps also tranquilizers), and to miss work. They have left their husbands more often, and when they do leave, they are more likely to acquire their own residence. If we want to understand the true impact of wife abuse from survey data (rather than from agency data), we must make distinctions among types of violence so that the data used to describe battering are not diluted by data regarding other types of partner violence.
High level testability analysis using VHDL descriptions

Tests generated for modules in a design may not be applicable from the design boundaries due to global constraints. The authors discuss high level techniques that can be used to analyze a sequential circuit and precompute useful information that reflects the controllability of inputs and observability of outputs of modules in the design. The information can then be used in conjunction with the tests generated for modules to obtain high quality tests for the design quickly. Results obtained for example circuits are presented to demonstrate the techniques. >
CMOS LC Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Design Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Wire Inductor

A new CMOS LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit design using multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) wire inductor in LC tank circuit is presented. The VCO is designed in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. We have applied our recently reported one-dimensional fluid electronic transport model of multiwalled carbon nanotube interconnect in π-model of the inductor. We have studied the oscillation frequency and phase noise of CMOS LC VCO and compared the performance using MWCNT and Cu wire inductors as a function of the quality factor (Q). We have shown that the oscillation frequency of the CMOS LC VCO is increased due to high-Q of MWCNT wire inductor. We have also shown that the phase noise performance of VCO designed with MWCNT wire inductor is also considerably improved in comparison to that of VCO designed with conventional Cu wire inductor.
Physical disentanglement in a container-based file system

We introduce IceFS, a novel file system that separates physical structures of the file system. A new abstraction, the cube, is provided to enable the grouping of files and directories inside a physically isolated container. We show three major benefits of cubes within IceFS: localized reaction to faults, fast recovery, and concurrent file-system updates. We demonstrate these benefits within a VMware-based virtualized environment and within the Hadoop distributed file system. Results show that our prototype can significantly improve availability and performance, sometimes by an order of magnitude.
Nonoxynol-9 Protects Mice against Vaginal Transmission of Genital Herpes Infections

A vaginal application of a commercially available contraceptive jelly containing nonoxynol-9 (N9) prevented vaginal transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections in the mouse. When N9 jelly was delivered to the vagina with the virus inoculum, 20 s before inoculum, or 5 min before inoculum, mice were completely protected from visible infection (P < .001). Protection lasted for at least 30 min (P < .03), and significant protection occurred even when the N9 jelly was delivered 15 min after the HSV-2 inoculum (P < .05). These results are consistent with results of studies using N9 products in other animal models and suggest that N9-based contraceptive products can provide significant protection against vaginal transmission of enveloped virus infections in animals.
Observations of the Mf ocean tide from Geosat altimetry

Zonal averages of the 13.66-day Mf tide are derived from one year of Geosat altimetry records. The orbit errors are reduced by 1/revolution corrections taken over long (several day) arcs. The short-period tides are removed using a model previously derived by us from the same data. The Mf zonal averages indicate definite nonequilibrium character at nearly all latitudes. The imaginary admittances indicate a Q of at least 8; such a value is consistent with a simplified theory of coupled gravitational and vorticity modes and suggests a value for Proudman's ‘friction period’ about 123 days.
Lateral violence in nursing.

Lateral violence in the nursing workplace can be defined as horizontal violence, bullying, and workplace incivility. 1 As with many problems, part of the solution may be the very recognition of it. Kirchner 1 found that 1 in 6 employees in the health care industryhave experienced lateral violence. Roberts, Demarco, and Griffin 2 reported that lateral violence in different medical facilities ranged between 46% and 100%. A Joint Commission survey found that 77% of physicians and 65% of nurses had witnessed disruptive workplace behavior. 3 Tools that accuratelymeasurelateralviolenceareavailable;however,thedifficult work is in creating actions to correct this behavior. In the industry of caring, one assumption is that nurses care for their co-workers to create a healthy workplace environment. In reality, lateral violence may be present. The effects of lateral violence also may contribute to medical error. The purpose of this article is to help nurses recognize lateral violence in the workplace and the potential risks to patients that it may create. Types of Lateral Violence The three categories of expression of lateral violence are verbal, physical, and psychological. Verbal violence can include rude comments, verbal attacks, or condescending language. Physical violence that includes sexual misconduct is the only category for which laws exist and perpetrators can be prosecuted. Psychological violence is often the most subtle and difficult to address from a management perspective. Psychological violence can include lack of collaboration, attacking a person’s integrity or professional reputation, blaming team members when something goes wrong, blaming others in front of a patient or a patient’s family member, withholding important information, lacking empathy, engaging in nonverbal innuendo, or breaking confidences. Effect of Lateral Violence on Victims and Co-workers
Mls and the helper T-cell repertoire: II. Does the Mls gene product influence the formation of the T-cell repertoire? Studies with Mls tolerance.

SUMMARY In the formation of a repertoire, T cells are selected through a window of autoreactivity which is defined by a low boundary representing the minimal autoreactivity required to enter the T-cell compartment and a high boundary which determines the highest admissible autoreactivity. We propose that the Mls gene product down regulates autoreactivity and thus modifies the formation of the T-cell repertoire. Given the polymorphism of Mls and the assumption that Mlsb is more inhibitory than Mlsd, it is conceivable that Mlsb (responder) mice admit into their T-cell compartment T cells with higher autoreactivity than Mlsd mice. We suggest that it is this highly autoreactive fraction of Mlsb T cells which responds in the overt Mls response. We show that Mls tolerance eliminates T cells responding in the overt Mls response but not T cells responding in the latent Mls response. This is consistent with the finding that T cells responding in the latent Mls response occur in Mlsb as well as in Mlsd mice.
Application of adaptive wireless sensor organizations to secure spatial domains

The requirement for rapid deployment of resources is becoming ever more present in the current international state. The ability to move encampments, facilities and command post infrastructure requires a supporting set of technologies which allow quick movement. In an abstract sense, the command post becomes an emergent structure, capable of quick adaptation and reorganization over a very short time frame. One module of the command post may change independently and the remainder will not be affected by the change, it will simply adapt. This paper describes the integration of several technologies, such as reconfigurable broadband and adaptable sensor organizations, which allow the rapid deployment and movement of facilities to secure spatial domains.
Mycoplasma Bovis Outbreak in a Herd of North American Bison (Bison Bison)

A disease outbreak of high morbidity and high mortality in bison (Bison bison) was investigated. Clinical signs included lameness, swollen joints, respiratory distress, and lethargy. Fifty-three of 194 animals died. Cows between 5 and 10 years of age were the most affected group, in which 40 of 88 animals died. Necropsies were performed on several animals. There were abscesses in the lung and liver, as well as fibrinosuppurative pleuritis, polyarthritis, and disseminated microabscesses in various organs. No significant bacteria were isolated by routine aerobic cultures of lung and liver from 2 representative cases. However, Mycoplasma cultures were positive. Polymerase chain reaction tests on the isolated bacteria were positive for Mycoplasma bovis. Histologically, the abscesses were characterized by areas of necrosis with variable mineralization rimmed by granulomatous inflammation and fibrous tissue. No new animals had been introduced into the herd, but a cattle herd was present adjacent to the affected bison herd. Two restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used to compare the bison isolate and another bison isolate from an outbreak in North Dakota with a field isolate of M. bovis from cattle and with a laboratory control strain of M. bovis; the isolates and control strain were found to be similar. The isolates and the control were sequenced and compared with sequences in GenBank. Bison isolates were more than 99% homologous to M. bovis sequences in GenBank. It was concluded that M. bovis in bison can cause disseminated infection with a high morbidity and mortality and that bison isolates are similar to bovine M. bovis isolates.
Healthy immigrant families: Participatory development and baseline characteristics of a community-based physical activity and nutrition intervention.

Abstract Background US immigrants often have escalating cardiovascular risk. Barriers to optimal physical activity and diet have a significant role in this risk accumulation. Methods We developed a physical activity and nutrition intervention with immigrant and refugee families through a community-based participatory research approach. Work groups of community members and health scientists developed an intervention manual with 12 content modules that were based on social-learning theory. Family health promoters from the participating communities (Hispanic, Somali, Sudanese) were trained to deliver the intervention through 12 home visits during the first 6 months and up to 12 phone calls during the second 6 months. The intervention was tested through a randomized community-based trial with a delayed-intervention control group, with measurements at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Primary measurements included accelerometer-based assessment of physical activity and 24-hour dietary recall. Secondary measures included biometrics and theory-based instruments. Results One hundred fifty-one individuals (81 adolescents, 70 adults; 44 families) were randomized. At baseline, mean (SD) time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 64.7 (30.2) minutes/day for adolescents and 43.1 (35.4) minutes/day for adults. Moderate dietary quality was observed in both age groups. Biometric measures showed that 45.7% of adolescents and 80.0% of adults were overweight or obese. Moderate levels of self-efficacy and social support were reported for physical activity and nutrition. Discussion Processes and products from this program are relevant to other communities aiming to reduce cardiovascular risk and negative health behaviors among immigrants and refugees. Trial registration This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT01952808 ).
Genetic Variation Among Cottus Species in Missouri Revealed by RAPD Analysis

Abstract The ranges of the Ozark sculpin, Cottus hypselurus, and the mottled sculpin, C. bairdi, in Missouri are unresolved. Current distributions have been based on a series of indexed morphological features and morphometric ratios that can result in taxonomic difficulties. Clarification of the distributions was sought using a molecular approach to defining distinctness and diversity of the species samples. Data were used to provide Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA comparisons between collections from Clear Creek, Pearson Creek, the Meramec River, Little Black River and Niangua River systems. Data analysis yielded a cladogram that revealed inaccuracies in currently accepted taxonomic relationships. The results show a monophyletic clade representing mottled sculpins from four of the sampled sites. Individuals from the Niangua River formed a separate clade consisting of Ozark sculpins. The results suggest a need for further investigation and a revised classification of the sculpins studied.
Pinning, flux diodes and ratchets for vortices interacting with conformal pinning arrays

Abstract A conformal pinning array can be created by conformally transforming a uniform triangular pinning lattice to produce a new structure in which the six-fold ordering of the original lattice is conserved but where there is a spatial gradient in the density of pinning sites. Here we examine several aspects of vortices interacting with conformal pinning arrays and how they can be used to create a flux flow diode effect for driving vortices in different directions across the arrays. Under the application of an ac drive, a pronounced vortex ratchet effect occurs where the vortices flow in the easy direction of the array asymmetry. When the ac drive is applied perpendicular to the asymmetry direction of the array, it is possible to realize a transverse vortex ratchet effect where there is a generation of a dc flow of vortices perpendicular to the ac drive due to the creation of a noise correlation ratchet by the plastic motion of the vortices. We also examine vortex transport in experiments and compare the pinning effectiveness of conformal arrays to uniform triangular pinning arrays. We find that a triangular array generally pins the vortices more effectively at the first matching field and below, while the conformal array is more effective at higher fields where interstitial vortex flow occurs.
International education and training for clinical child and adolescent psychology

Psychological problems in youth and adequate mental health service delivery to children, adolescents, and families are critical public health dilemmas around the world. Central to effectively addressing the mental health needs of youth and families is focusing attention on the evaluation and development of specialized training programs in clinical child and adolescent psychology. All countries to more or less degree face challenges, but lower-income countries have additional limitations (e.g., scarce resources for training, high demand for services, cultural barriers) to establishing clinical psychology programs and specialized services for children and adolescents. This article discusses the status of efforts in the United States to define clinical child and adolescent psychology and develop standard training recommendations for mental health providers who work with youth and families, international considerations for intervention implementation and training, and future directions in the field of clinica...
Impact of overtime on construction labor productivity

This article examines the impacts of overtime on construction labor productivity, and consequently costs, for mechanical and electrical contractors. Overtime in this research is defined as the hours worked beyond the typical 40-hours scheduled per week. The article begins by presenting the effects of overtime and providing a representative sampling of the available overtime literature. Data for the quantitative analysis was collected from 67 projects localed across the US by means of a questionnaire. Various statistical analysis techniques were performed to develop quantitative relationship curves, including the stepwise method, P-value tests, analysis of variance, and multiple regression. The results showed a one percent to 60 percent loss of productivity depending on the amount of overtime used and the type of construction performed. Case studies are presented to confirm the validation of the final regression model and also as examples of how to correctly use the model.
Analysis on the monitoring results of fly density in Changping district from 2003 to 2007

Objective To master the species and seasonal variation of flies in Changping district,and provide scientific basis for controlling flies and related diseases.Methods Cage trap method was used from early April to end of July.4 monitoring sites were tested for every ten days.Results A total number of 6 553 flies were captured,average density was 15.60 flies per day for every cage;the highest density appeared between middle of May and end of October.The three dominant species were Helicophagella melanura,Musca domestica and Lucilia sericata.There was a positive correlation between flies and temperature.Conclusion The flies density declined year by year from 2003 to 2007 in Changping district.Helicophagella melanura is dominant species.The flies density keeps in high level from middle of May to end of July(about 80 days).There is a positive correlation between the variation of flies density and temperature.
Investigation of relationship between the distribution of hepatitis B population and environment factors in Dongxiang County

Objective To explore the relationship between the distribution of hepatitis B population and environment factors in Dongxiang County, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of hepatitis B in Dongxiang County. Methods The correlative factors of hepatitis B prevalence was collected by questionnaires on the spot. Results There were 1 792 patients of whose mother was HBsAg positive, which accounted for 42.06%; there were 909 patients whose family members were HBsAg positive, which accounted for 21.33%; there were 2 353 patients often had dinner outside, which accounted for 55.22%; there were 1 895 patients were peasants and migrant workers, which accounted for 44.47%; there were 584 patients whose spouses or sex partners were HBsAg positive, which accounted for 13.71%, of which 3 102 patients with a history of free hepatitis B vaccinatio, accounted for 72.8%. Incidence of regions which had population gathering and convenient transport facilities accounted for nearly eighty percent of total incidence (79.04%). Conclusion Maternal-neonatal, close contact and sexually transmission are the main routes of hepatitis B virus spread in Dongxiang county. Hepatitis B vaccination is the primary method for blocking the spread of hepatitis B virus. Strengthening the industry management of diet and health and promoting the implementation of dining system are important measures to prevent the spread of hepatitis B virus.
387 ANGELMAN SYNDROME: A NOVEL UBE3A MUTATION AND A UNIQUE VARIANT PHENOTYPE.

Angelman syndrome (AS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental disorder that is clinically characterized by severe speech impairment, unusually happy demeanor, ataxia, microcephaly, and EEG abrnomalities. Functional deficits of the UBE3A gene in the 15q11-13 region of the maternal chromosome lead to the Angelman syndrome phenotype. Genetic analysis has revealed four mechanisms that are known to cause Angelman syndrome. They have been grouped in classes I though IV. Class I defects account for 70% of AS patients and result from a deletion in chromosome 15q11-13. Class II defects are less common and are the result of uniparental disomy. Class III patients have imprinting defects of 15q11-13. Class IV patients account for 20% of AS and have mutations in the UBE3A gene. The type of deletion has been linked to phenotypic severity and class I patients generally have the most severe phenotypes. We have been following a 10-year-old boy with a novel UBE3A mutation and a normal methylation pattern. His mutation is a G—> A substitution at position 1434 in exon 9 of UBE3A. He has some classical Angelman features, including a wide mouth, flat face, happy demeanor, severe speech impairment, and sleep disturbance. However, he is not microcephalic, has no EEG abnormalities, and is not ataxic. This patient9s presentation presented a diagnostic challenge because he lacks multiple “classical” Angelman characteristics. We hypothesize that this novel UBE3A mutation produced a unique variant phenotype and provides further knowledge to genotype-phenotype relationships within the Angelman syndrome spectrum.