cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reading backscatter from near-shore ocean waves

Wave dynamics in near-shore environments play an important role in oceanic processes and shoreline change, but the breaking waves in these regions make it difficult for scientists to collect data and quantify wave behavior. Catalan et al. point out that looking at the radar wave scattering properties of these near-shore ocean waves can help scientists monitor surf zones at a safe distance from the hazardous waves.
Transformation matrices for representations of the spin permutation group. A graphical approach

Abstract Transformation matrices for the representations of the spin permutation group may be easily derived using graphical methods of angular momentum theory. The transformation from the geneological spin basis to the Jahn-Serber basis is considered as an illustrative example.
Relationship of biosecuriy practices with the use of antibiotics for the treatment of infectious disease on U.S. equine operations

Abstract This study is the first report estimating, on a national basis, the use of various biosecurity practices, singly and in combination, on U.S. equine operations. Use of biosecurity practices is described for operations by risk level, based on reported exposure of resident horses to outside horses during the previous 12 months. In addition, the association between use of various biosecurity practices and use of antibiotics to treat infectious disease in both adult equids and foals is reported. The comparison of these study findings with previously reported data in the literature is limited by the fact that few estimates of biosecurity practice use on equine operations have been reported and none has been published on a national basis beyond those in the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) equine reports. A total of 78.5% of operations had some risk of exposure of resident horses to outside horses between summer 2004 and the time of the interview in summer 2005. For the majority of biosecurity practices, there was a significant ( p
History versus Equilibrium: Joan Robinson on Teaching Economics

Argues that Joan Robinson′s interest in teaching and her students was inherently connected to her views on the nature, scope and methodology of economics. More specifically, like the classical economists, she defined economics broadly as the study of the causes of material wealth and growth rather than the more narrow science of allocation of scarce resources. Like J.S. Mill, A. Marshall and J.M. Keynes, she viewed economics as a moral science rather than excluding ethics and politics from economic considerations. Most ⊃4importantly, she believed in the central role of history and thus uncertainty in economic analysis. This emphasis on history in turn implied that she did not consider the tools of economic analysis to be universally applicable across time and space. It is argued here that these beliefs directly affected her views on teaching economics.
Serum Protein Expression Predicts Recurrence in Patients With Early-Stage Lung Cancer After Resection

Background Patients with early stage nonsmall-cell lung cancer who have undergone complete resection have a recurrence rate of approximately 50%, predominately due to the development of systemic metastases. This study is a prospective analysis of the expression of seven serum protein markers of invasion and metastasis, collected preoperatively (baseline) and serially after resection, to determine the relationship between marker expression and recurrence. Methods Serum was collected from 196 patients with clinical stage I nonsmall-cell lung cancer who underwent resection over a 5-year period (1996 to 2000). Samples were drawn before resection and 1, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. All patients were followed for at least 24 months or until death. Serum protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor), E-selectin, CD44, basic fibroblast growth factor, urokinase plasminogen activator, and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results To date, 73 patients (37%) have demonstrated recurrence. Baseline levels of only 1 marker (CD44) correlated with pathologic stage ( p = 0.02). Analysis of the serial samples demonstrated that recurrence was predicted (before clinical or radiographic determination) by decreasing levels of E-selectin ( p = 0.002), increasing levels of CD44 ( p = 0.001), and increasing levels of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ( p = 0.03). Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential to predict recurrence after resection in patients with early-stage nonsmall-cell lung cancer using a panel of serum protein markers. Early identification of patients with recurrence may improve the efficacy of systemic therapy.
Lagrangian relaxation based approaches to capacitated hub-and-spoke network design problem

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the capacitated hub-and-spoke network design problem in which hubs have limited capacity for channelling flows between the nodes served by the system. The problem is formulated under a networking policy allowing both direct (nonstop) and hub connected (one-hub-stop and two-hub-stop) services between the nodes. A branch and bound algorithm and a heuristic procedure partitioning the set of solutions on the basis of hub locations are presented. In both algorithms, after identifying a set of hub locations, the problem is reduced into a smaller routing problem. Subgradient optimization is then applied to a Lagrangian relaxation of the reduced problem. The model and the proposed algorithms were applied to the air transportation system using data on passenger flows between the top forty US cities in 1989 (accounting for 73.32% of the surveyed passenger flow). Computational results from 141 problems suggest that both algorithms are effective at finding good solutions to this problem.
Growth differentiation factor-15: Induction in liver injury through p53 and tumor necrosis factor-independent mechanisms

Expression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), a divergent transforming growth factor-beta family member, and its murine ortholog, growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), is induced in hepatocytes by surgical and chemical injury and heat shock. Here, we demonstrate that the regulation of GDF-15/MIC-1 expression may be evolutionarily conserved because MIC-1 was induced in diseased human livers. Gdf15 induction was independent of protein synthesis, a hallmark of immediate-early gene regulation. Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced GDF-15 expression, injury-elicited Gdf15 expression was not reduced in mice deficient for both TNF receptor subtypes. Furthermore, although the stress sensor p53 is known to induce GDF-15/MIC-1 expression, injury-elicited Gdf15 expression was unchanged in p53 null mice. Our results demonstrate that GDF-15 induction is an immediate early response to liver injury that can occur through TNF and p53 independent pathways.
Methods for displaying macromolecular structural uncertainty: Application to the globins

Abstract Most molecular graphics programs ignore any uncertainty in the atomic coordinates being displayed. Structures are displayed in terms of perfect points, spheres, and lines with no uncertainty. However, all experimental methods for defining structures, and many methods for predicting and comparing structures, associate uncertainties with each atomic coordinate. We have developed graphical representations that highlight these uncertainties. These representations are encapsulated in a new interactive display program, PROTEAND. PROTEAND represents structural uncertainty in three ways: (1) The traditional way: The program shows a collection of structures as superposed and overlapped stick-figure models. (2) Ellipsoids: At each atom position, the program shows an ellipsoid derived from a three-dimensional Gaussian model of uncertainty. This probabilistic model provides additional information about the relationship between atoms that can be displayed as a correlation matrix. (3) Rigid-body volumes: Using clouds of dots, the program can show the range of rigid-body motion of selected substructures, such as individual α helices. We illustrate the utility of these display modalities by the applying PROTEAND to the globin family of proteins, and show that certain types of structural variation are best illustrated with different methods of display.
“Polymorphous perversity” in women's performance art: The case of Holly Hughes

The work of performance artist and playwright Holly Hughes expands our conceptions and performances of gender and sexuality. The essay discusses ways in which women's performance art contests traditional systems of representation and gender classification, presenting to audiences the unique, subjective artist. In addition, the essay explores the dynamic interplay of self and other, identification and objectification occuring between performers and their audiences in this kind of autobiographical performance. After a discussion of Holly Hughes' work in general, the remainder of the paper focuses specifically on Hughes' recent solo performance piece, World Without End, as it explores the enormity of female desire and sexuality. In the tradition of innovative performance art, Hughes' plays and performance pieces allow her audiences to confront their own preconceptions, fears, and taboos about gender, identity, and sexuality.
Thoracic outlet syndrome: Pattern of clinical success after operative decompression

Objective To evaluate the pattern of clinical results in patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (N-TOS) after operative decompression and longitudinal follow-up. Methods From May 1994 to December 2002, 254 operative sides in 185 patients with N-TOS were treated by the same operative protocol: (1) transaxillary first rib resection and the lower part of scalenectomy for the primary procedure with or without (2) the subsequent upper part of scalenectomy with supraclavicular approach for patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms. This retrospective cohort study included 38 men and 147 women with an age range of 19 to 80 years (mean, 40 years). Evaluated were primary success, defined as uninterrupted success with no procedure performed, and secondary success, defined as success maintained by the secondary operation after the primary failure. Success was defined as ≥50% symptomatic improvement judged by the patient using a 10-point scale, returning to preoperational work status, or both. Results Follow-up was 2 to 76 months (mean, 25 months). Eighty sides underwent a secondary operation for the primary clinical failure. No technical failures and no deaths occurred ≤30 days after the operations. The complication rate was 4% (13/334) and consisted of 7 pneumothoraxes, 3 subclavian vein injuries, 1 nerve injury, 1 internal mammary artery injury, and 1 suture granuloma. Of 254 operative sides, the primary and secondary success was 46% (118/254) and 64% (163/254). Most the primary failures (90%, 122/136) and the secondary failures (66%, 23/35) occurred ≤18 months after the respective operation. Conclusions The long-term results of operations for TOS in this study were much worse than those initially achieved, and most of the primary and secondary failures occurred ≤12 months of the respective operations. A minimum of 18-month follow-up on patients and standardized definition of the outcomes are necessary to determine the true effectiveness and outcome of operative treatment of N-TOS.
Somatically Evoked Magnetic Fields of the Human Brain

The human brain is found to produce a magnetic field near the scalp which varies in synchrony with periodic electrical stimulation applied to a finger. Use of a highly sensitive superconducting quantum interference device as a magnetic field detector reveals that the brain's field is sharply localized over the primary projection area of the sensory cortex contralateral to the digit being stimulated. The phase of the response at the stimulus frequency varies monotonically with the repetition rate and at intermediate frequencies yields a latency of approximately 70 milliseconds for cortical response.
Learning and long-term retention of large-scale artificial languages.

Recovering discrete words from continuous speech is one of the first challenges facing language learners. Infants and adults can make use of the statistical structure of utterances to learn the forms of words from unsegmented input, suggesting that this ability may be useful for bootstrapping language-specific cues to segmentation. It is unknown, however, whether performance shown in small-scale laboratory demonstrations of “statistical learning” can scale up to allow learning of the lexicons of natural languages, which are orders of magnitude larger. Artificial language experiments with adults can be used to test whether the mechanisms of statistical learning are in principle scalable to larger lexicons. We report data from a large-scale learning experiment that demonstrates that adults can learn words from unsegmented input in much larger languages than previously documented and that they retain the words they learn for years. These results suggest that statistical word segmentation could be scalable to the challenges of lexical acquisition in natural language learning.
Identification and characterization of a 30K protein (Ad4E3-30K) encoded by the E3 region of human adenovirus type 4.

Human adenovirus type 4 (Ad4), the sole member of subgroup E, contains an open reading frame in the E3 region predicted to encode a unique 30-kDa protein (named Ad4E3-30K). Ad4E3-30K is predicted to be an integral membrane protein containing an N-terminal signal sequence, a lumenal domain, a transmembrane domain near the C-terminus, and a 37-amino-acid cytoplasmic tail. To determine whether this protein is expressed, rabbit polyclonal antisera were raised against 30K-containing fusion proteins expressed in bacteria. A 30K protein was detected by immunoprecipitation from cell-free translation products and from Ad4-infected A549 cells radiolabeled in the presence of tunicamycin. The protein was detected at only low levels in infected cells. It was not synthesized by a mutant with a large E3 deletion that includes the Ad4E3-30K gene. This mutant grows as well as wild-type Ad4 in culture. Features of Ad4E3-30K were characterized in different transient expression systems. The protein underwent glycosylation by addition of approximately six asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. These glycans were sensitive to endoglycosidase H, indicating that they were either high-mannose or hybrid types, but not complex types, and that the protein did not pass through the Golgi apparatus. Immunofluorescence staining of transfected cells revealed that Ad4E3-30K was localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope.
Fertilization Tests of a Red Spider Mite Found on Raspberry in Virginia with the European Red Mite and with the Citrus Red Mite

When unfertilized females of Panonychus sp., a red spider mite found on raspberry in Virginia, were confined with males of the European red mite, P. ulmi (Koch), 68 out of 70 produced only male offspring; whereas 62 out of 66 females confined with males of the raspberry red mite produced offspring of both sexes. Of 146 such females confined with males of the citrus red mite, P. citri (McGregor), only male offspring were produced by 140, including 5 that were seen mating for 4 to 10 minutes with males of P. citri ; while 75 out of 82 females produced offspring of both sexes after exposure to males of the raspberry red mite. These results indicate that the raspberry red mite is not the European red mite or the citrus red mite.
On the importance of being inhibited, or saying no to growth cones.

In considering what makes axons grow along certain pathways and not others, it is natural to look for cells and molecules to which neuronal growth cones adhere best or move over most rapidly. As with other forms of social intercourse, however, there are interactions between a growth cone and its cellular and matrix partners that are repulsive as well as seductive. In fact, several recent papers have described striking examples of growth cone retraction upon exposure to specific soluble molecules or upon contact with certain other axons. In addition, there is now evidence that the specificity of growth that retinal axons display on tectal cell membranes is due to an active inhibition of growth by the topographically inappropriate tectal membranes rather than an enhanced growth on the appropriate tectal membranes. Finally, the lack of axonal regeneration seen in the vertebrate CNS may be explained, in part, by two proteins on the surfaces of oligodendrocytes that inhibit neurite extension. Of possible clinical relevance is the recent finding that monoclonal antibodies against these inhibitory proteins can significantly enhance axonal regeneration in the optic nerve. These new result5 on the role of inhibition in process growth are briefly reviewed here.
Fourier coefficients for range identification in FMCW radar systems

Frequency-modulated continuous wave radar systems have been used for many years to determine range and velocity in a wide variety of military and commercial applications. The modulation waveform can be sinusoidal, triangular or sawtooth. Each form has its advantages, but, since the triangular and sawtooth modulation can be approximated with a sinusoidal modulation, the analysis in this paper will concentrate on sinusoidal modulation. For moving targets, the envelope of the signal used for determining the Doppler frequency is a function that varies according to the range. If the mixing is performed with a sine wave that is the nth multiple of the modulation frequency, then the envelope is an nth-order Bessel function that varies according to the range. These envelopes can be used on their own to determine range based on tabulated values of the Bessel function. A second approach is to use the difference between two Bessel functions of different orders to identify a certain range. The choice of Bessel functions depends on the carrier frequency and the target range. Amplifiers can be used to modify the identification range.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Surface and Subsurface Correlation of Wilcox Formation in West-Central Louisiana: ABSTRACT

Surface samples of the Wilcox and Midway formations were collected and examined for lithologic characteristics and faunal content. These formations exhibit a cyclic pattern of deposition. Fossils are rare. The surface equivalents were examined in the subsurface and it was noted that the cyclic pattern exhibited in the outcropping formations extended with marked regularity into the subsurface. Microfossils and macrofossils were examined from cuttings and a number of these were used along with the cyclic pattern, to correlate the surface formations with their equivalents in the subsurface. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2069------------
Analysis of O-methylinositols by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract A procedure for identifying natural O -methylinositols by g.l.c.-m.s. analysis is described. Chromatographic retention-index values for these compounds and commonly co-occurring compounds are given. The procedure is illustrated by analyses of clover and peanut cyclitols.
Analysis of a spark-chamber experiment in a very inhomogeneous magnetic field

Abstract A method is described for achieving a least-squares fit of a track to sparks in a non-uniform magnetic field. The main innovations are in the form of the differential equations used to get the derivatives needed in the fit, and the method of obtaining the magnetic field. We also describe a straightforward way of including the effects of multiple scattering.
An hp-refinement scheme for surface integral equations using the generalized method of moments

The advantages of an hp??adaptive scheme for variational problems are theoretically well established. However, the ability to construct such a scheme for surface integral equations have been precluded by the need of the meshes to conform to the surface of the scatterer and the close relationship between the basis functions and the tessellation. We present an hp??refinement strategy for integral equations based on a our recent advances in the Generalized Method of Moments that eliminates both these limitations. We present results on manual hp??refinement here and more detailed analysis on automatic refinement at the conference.
Mothers' Efforts toward Their Children's Sex Education: An Exploratory Study

The study examined two types of effort toward their children's sex education made by a sample of 62 mothers with children aged 3 to 17, in relation to several parental characteristics as independent variables. Greater indirect preparation effort (getting informed about sex education materials and opportunities) was predicted by the presence of an adolescent and by mothers' higher score on molestation history. Greater direct guidance effort (recent face-to-face interaction with one's child) was explained by a model that included having an adolescent in the family and mothers' higher comfort with sexual topics; however, only the comfort score remained significant. The discussion explores the limitations of the sample, the importance of further research on parental characteristics, and the implications for designing programs to help parents play a greater role in their children's sex education.
Binary representation of nonlinear correlators

Abstract We describe binary encoding of both gray scale nonlinear joint transform correlators and gray scale nonlinear matched filters. For the nonlinear joint transform correlator, the joint power spectrum transformed by various degrees of nonlinearity is represented in a binary format using a multiple level threshold function. For the nonlinear matched filter, the matched filter function transformed by a general type of nonlinearity, is represented in a binary format using a variable threshold function.
Gene expression profiling in the liver and lung of perfluorooctane sulfonate-exposed mouse fetuses: Comparison to changes induced by exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid

Abstract Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are environmental contaminants found in the tissues of humans and wildlife. They are activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) and exhibit hepatocarcinogenic potential in rats. PFOS and PFOA are also developmental toxicants in rodents and PFOS has been shown to induce pulmonary deficits in rat offspring. Pregnant CD-1 mice were dosed with 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg PFOS from gestation days 1–17. Transcript profiling was conducted on the fetal liver and lung. Results were contrasted to data derived from a previous PFOA study. PFOS-dependent changes were primarily related to activation of PPARα. No remarkable differences were found between PFOS and PFOA. Given that PPARα signaling is required for neonatal mortality in PFOA-treated mice but not those exposed to PFOS, the neonatal mortality observed for PFOS may reflect functional deficits related to the physical properties of the chemical rather than to transcript alterations.
Leptin physiology: a second look

It is widely believed that the primary physiologic role of leptin is to prevent obesity by regulating food intake and thermogenesis through actions on hypothalamic centers. Here we sugest that the first premise, the anti-obesity role, is untenable, and present evidence for an alternative physiologic role, namely antisteatotic activity in which fatty acid overaccumulation in nonadipose tissues is prevented by leptin-mediated regulation of beta-oxidation. The second premise, namely that leptin acts exclusively on the hypothalamus, is confirmed in normal lean animals with plasma leptin concentrations below 5 ng/ml; their correlation with cerebrospinal fluid levels supports the classical concept of leptin-mediated hypothalamic regulation of food intake. However, when chronic hyperleptinemia exceeds 15 ng/ml, as in obesity, a further rise in plasma leptin does not raise cerebrospinal leptin levels or reduce food intake. Nevertheless, the peripheral antisteatotic action of leptin in acquired obesity continues, suggesting that at chronically hyperleptinemic levels the hormone acts primarily on peripheral tissues and that its hypothalamic action has reached a plateau.
Computer-Generated Vs. Physician-Documented History of Present Illness (HPI): Results of a Blinded Comparison

Computer-Generated Vs. Physician-Documented History of Present Illness (HPI): Results of a Blinded Comparison
PROSTHETIC ELBOW REPLACEMENT FOR DISTAL HUMERAL FRACTURES AND NONUNIONS

Abstract Severely comminuted supracondylar/intracondylar distal humeral fractures in the elderly with osteoporotic bone are extremely difficult and sometimes impossible to fix. Disability is prolonged, and partial disability is usually permanent. Nonunions in these patients are not infrequent and pose an even greater challenge. Intra-articular adhesions are invariably present and the osteoporotic bone is even softer than immediately following the fracture. Prosthetic replacement of the elbow using a semiconstrained total elbow arthroplasty can be successfully used to treat these fractures acutely or as a salvage procedure for the nonunions. Indications, guidelines, and results to be expected are discussed in this article.
Jiajun Zhang (1946–2006)

⇓ ![][1] Jiajun Zhang loved to analyze seismic waves and became one of the outstanding seismologists in the world focused on using long-period surface waves to constrain earthquake source parameters. Born 22 June 1946, he passed away 11 February 2006 after a two-year battle with colon cancer. He leaves behind a legacy of high-quality, careful seismological research published in about 30 substantial papers and is survived by his wife, Xin Wang, and his daughters, Xinning and Doris. His final days were eased by having Xinning visit him (she had just passed her Ph.D. qualifying exam at Caltech), while Doris is doing well as a junior at Berkeley. For Jiajun, hard work as a seismologist came naturally, but his motivation and happiness derived from enabling his family to have better opportunities and an easier path than his own. Jiajun was born in Xi'an, China, but his family moved from place to place because it was a time of war and chaos in the country. He ultimately attended high school in Tianjing, where he received the gold medal in the Tianjing Mathematics competition. His academic potential being recognized, he was admitted to the Geophysics Department at Beijing University, where he received a B.S. in Earth Science in 1970. Around that time, China was undergoing upheaval and social disruption, with the Cultural Revolution complicating the lives of many. Jiajun spent the years 1970 to 1976 at a remote earthquake observatory station in Gansu province before being able to continue his education. In 1978, after many years of turmoil, the Chinese government finally decided to resume its academic degree system. Jiajun was among the first group of students that entered graduate school at the State Seismological Bureau in Beijing. There he pursued his graduate studies, earning his M.S. in June 1981, … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Effects of environment and grazing disturbance on tree establishment in meadows of the central Cascade Range, Oregon, USA

Within the last century there has been widespread establishment of trees in mountain meadows of the Pacific Northwest. We reconstructed patterns of tree invasion at 17 meadow sites in the central Cascade Range of Oregon, USA - sites representing diverse physical environments and vegeta- tion types and experiencing different histories of recent an- thropogenic disturbance (sheep grazing). Spatial distributions and age structures of invasive tree populations were analysed with respect to climatic records and grazing history. Patterns of establishment varied considerably among meadows, re- flecting strong differences in environment and grazing his- tory. In montane hydric meadows, tree establishment was spatially clumped beneath large old trees and on elevated microsites; however the timing of invasion differed between sites with stable versus fluctuating water tables. In upland mesic/dry montane meadows, timing of invasion corresponded with cessation of sheep grazing (early 1940s) and the onset of wetter summers (mid 1940s). In the subalpine zone, climate and aspect interacted to produce contrasting histories of inva- sion on north- and south-facing slopes. Establishment on north-facing slopes, concentrated in heath-shrub communities, coincided with regional warming (ca. 1920-1945) when snowpacks were lighter and melted earlier. Recruitment of trees onto south-facing slopes occurred later, when conditions were wetter (1945-1985). In many environments, the spatial distribution of recruitment suggests that once trees have established, autogenic factors become increasingly important as individual trees or groups of trees alter the physical or biotic conditions that once inhibited establishment. Knowledge of the factors that influence invasion, and of their varying importance across gradients in environment and vegetation, is critical to predicting future changes in these dynamic systems.
Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism. By Karuna Mantena

Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism. By Karuna Mantena (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010), ix + 269 pp. $39.50 cloth. In the late 1850s and 1860s a seri...
The Effect of a Mastery Learning Technique on the Performance of a Transfer of Training Task

This study evaluated the effect of using the mastery learning technique of self-directed feedback, reinforcement, and remediation of knowledge on the performance of a work-related task. The mastery learning intervention was conducted via a workbook which provided feedback to participants on their knowledge attainment after instruction, yet before the evaluation of the transfer task. The study utilized a randomized subjects, post-test-only control group design with 130 participants. The hypothesis that mastery learning would have a positive effect on transfer of knowledge from the classroom to a work-related task was supported. Implications for instructional design and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Opiate and norepinephrine-induced feeding from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus are dissociable

Microinjection of d-ala-met-enkephalinamide (DALA) or norepinephrine (NE) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) elicits feeding. Manipulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis by dexamethasone or adrenalectomy is shown to alter NE- but not DALA-induced feeding. DALA-induced feeding is probably not due to activation of the glucocorticoid sensitive NE feeding system nor due to glucocorticoid-sensitive beta-endorphin release from the anterior pituitary.
An examination of the Pasquill-Gifford-Turner dispersion scheme

Abstract The Pasquill-Gifford-Turner (PGT) dispersion curves are used in most air quality models recommended for regulatory analysis of small industrial sources. In this paper, we first examine the origin of these dispersion curves. We then examine the theoretical foundation of these curves in the light of current understanding of dispersion, which we refer to as surface-layer similarity theory (SST). Numerical estimates of vertical spread from PGT are then compared with those from SST for conditions corresponding to the Prairie Grass experiment (Barad, 1958). We find that while the PGT dispersion estimates are broadly consistent with those from SST, they only represent a limited description of dispersion in the surface boundary layer. The use of the PGT dispersion scheme requires careful consideration of the reference height used for the wind speed that appears in the Gaussian dispersion equation. In fact, choosing a reference height (as PGT does) is not meaningful, because vertical spread is not independent of the transporting wind speed. The shortcomings of the PGT scheme can be readily corrected by adapting a version of a scheme based on surface-layer similarity theory. We show that the recommended method is just as easy to use as the PGT dispersion scheme, even within the Gaussian framework.
Effects of pre-pubertal social experiences on the responsiveness of juvenile rats to predator odors

The extent to which social variables may modulate the fear associated with a predator cue was assessed in juvenile rats. Cat odor reduced play to a comparable extent in both socially housed and isolate-housed rats, although socially housed rats exhibited more risk assessment during extinction. Rats that had played previously in the context used for assessing fear hid slightly less when exposed to cat odor than those rats that had not played previously in the testing context. However, no other differences were found between these two groups suggesting that prior social experience with the testing context has minimal effects on fear. In a direct test of a 'social buffering' hypothesis, rats that were tested for contextual fear conditioning in the presence of an unfamiliar partner were less fearful than those rats tested alone. These data are consistent with a social buffering hypothesis and suggest that positive social cues may help animals cope with the threat of predation.
The visible emission spectrum of iodine

Abstract The emission spectrum of iodine has been photographed in the visible region at high resolution, and 16 bands of the B[0 + u( 3 Π )] → X[0 + g( 1 Σ )] system have been rotationall analyzed. Centrifugal distortion constants for the B state are calculated from the empirical (RKR) potential curve using a method which employs semiclassical phase integrals. The results of the rotational analysis are processed together with earlier results to yield improved spectroscopic parameters for the B state, valid for 3
Differences in auditory word recognition thresholds as a function of response hierarchy

Recognition thresholds for spoken words were examined as a function of the prior response hierarchy of the Ss. It was hypothesized that Ss with a large number of affiliative adjectives in their hierarchy would recognize affiliative words more readily in a threshold test. The overall hypothesis of an interaction between response hierarchy and word types on threshold was confirmed, but largely because people with few affiliative responses in their hierarchy recognized neutral words more readily than affiliative words relative to those with a large number of affiliative responses.
Circadian sleep-wakefulness patterns in rats after ovariectomy and treatment with estrogen.

Abstract Electroencephalographic records were obtained from unanesthetized freely moving rats with electrodes permanently implanted in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and frontal cortex while the animals were housed in large glass cylinders within a sound-, temperature-, and light-controlled chamber. The EEG records were converted to percentages of alertness, slow-wave sleep, and paradoxical sleep for each 10-min. interval around the clock and analyzed by computer. After ovariectomy, the records showed greater amounts of slow-wave sleep per day largely because of major increases in nighttime slow-wave sleep levels. Furthermore, the circadian pattern of paradoxical sleep was altered by ovariectomy: the daily (24-hour) amounts of paradoxical sleep remained constant but the night-time hours contained more and the daylight hours concomitantly less, almost obscuring the circadian rhythm. Estrogen injections restored the circadian pattern by sharply reducing the amount of paradoxical sleep at night, resulting in significant diminution in total paradoxical sleep per 24 hours.
Sex differences in longevity of starved cockroaches (Leucophaea maderae)

Abstract Groups of Madeira cockroaches (Leucophaea maderae) were starved and given weekly injections of simple nutrients; control groups were given no injections of any kind. Statistical analysis showed that the females as a group lived significantly longer than the males as a group; that none of the injected materials significantly affected the longevity of the males; and that certain injected materials provided for greater survival among females than did other materials although none of the injected materials significantly increased their survival over that of the control animals. Various aspects of these results are briefly discussed.
Isolated Whipple disease of the brain resembling a tumour.

Introduction Isolated Whipple disease of the central nervous system is a rare occurrence. Migratory arthralgias and gastrointestinal problems, including malabsorption, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss, are common presenting symptoms.
Workforce information on addiction psychiatry graduates.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to report workforce information about graduates from accredited training programs in addiction psychiatry. Methods: As of June 30, 2002 there were 44 ACGME-accredited addiction psychiatry programs. The author asked the directors of these programs to complete a workforce survey about their graduates. Results: Seventy-three percent of program directors responded, providing information about 186 addiction psychiatrists. Forty-one percent of the graduates were employed in academic settings. Sixty-four percent of graduates employed in clinical settings dealt primarily with substance abuse patients. A majority of respondents described graduates as satisfied with compensation packages. Conclusion: Addiction psychiatry offers opportunities in a variety of settings that allow new graduates to utilize their subspecialty training.
Architecture 007: Operative Environments in the Pursuit of Strategic Advantage

In this paper, I look at the empowering opportunities in architectures of dubious intent via a study of select canons and cultural myths imbedded in the formula for the 007 film series made before 2006. While the inevitable nature of Bond’s relationships does not change much, the emergence of the operative character of the Bond girl establishes a tendency for her to opportunistically operate the physical surroundings in the pursuit of strategic advantage. Architecture’s spatial tropes lend a helping hand in the formulaic opposition of Bondvs.Bondgirl.
On the skewness of order statistics with applications

Order statistics from heterogeneous samples have been extensively studied in the literature. However, most of the work focused on the effect of heterogeneity on the magnitude or dispersion of order statistics. In this paper, we study the skewness of order statistics from heterogeneous samples according to star ordering. The main results extend the corresponding results in Kochar and Xu (J. Appl. Probab. 46:342–352, 2009; J. Appl. Probab. 48:271–284, 2011). Examples and applications are highlighted as well.
The use of empirical Bayes estimators in a linear regression model

SUMMARY New estimators for the parameters in the linear regression model are presented, using not only the usual random sample of observations, but also past experience in the form of previous estimates of parameters in similar but independent situations. The regression parameters are considered to be random variables. Bayes estimators are given for a squared error loss function. Even though the prior density of the parameter is unknown, the Bayes estimator can be written in terms of the marginal density of a sufficient statistic. This marginal density can be estimated empirically, thus forming the empirical Bayes estimator. Results of Monte Carlo simulation of empirical Bayes estimators are given which show that, even with a few past experiences, the empirical Bayes estimators have smaller mean squared errors than do the ordinary least-squares estimators, which use only current information.
Race, Class, Conflict and Empowerment: On Ice Cube's “Black Korea”

(1993). Race, Class, Conflict and Empowerment: On Ice Cube's “Black Korea”. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 87-108.
Interfacial electron transfer into functionalized crystalline polyoxotitanate nanoclusters.

Interfacial electron transfer (IET) between a chromophore and a semiconductor nanoparticle is one of the key processes in a dye-sensitized solar cell. Theoretical simulations of the electron transfer in polyoxotitanate nanoclusters Ti17O24(OPr i )20 (Ti17) functionalized with four p-nitrophenyl acetylacetone (NPA-H) adsorbates, of which the atomic structure has been fully established by X-ray diffraction measurements, are presented. Complementary experimental information showing IET has been obtained by EPR spectroscopy. Evolution of the time-dependent photoexcited electron during the initial 5 fs after instantaneous excitation to the NPA LUMO + 1 has been evaluated. Evidence for delocalization of the excitation over multiple chromophores after excitation to the NPA LUMO + 2 state on a 15 fs time scale is also obtained. While chromophores are generally considered electronically isolated with respect to neighboring sensitizers, our calculations show that this is not necessarily the case. The present work is the most comprehensive study to date of a sensitized semiconductor nanoparticle in which the structure of the surface and the mode of molecular adsorption are precisely defined.
Oocyte Galα1,3Gal Epitopes Implicated in Sperm Adhesion to the Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein ZP3 Are Not Required for Fertilization in the Mouse

The Galα1→3Gal structure is displayed on the zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP3 on murine oocytes. This trisaccharide has been implicated in sperm-zona pellucida adhesive events thought to be essential to fertilization in the mouse. To determine directly if this molecule is required for fertilization, we have generated mice that are deficient in a gene (α1,3GT) encoding the UDP-Gal:β-D-Gal-α1→3Gal-galactosyltransferase enzyme responsible for Galα1→3Gal synthesis and expression. These mice develop normally and exhibit no gross phenotypic abnormalities. The Galα1→3Gal epitope is absent from the vascular endothelium and other tissues in α1,3GT (−/−) adult mice. By contrast, α1,3GT (−/−) mice, like humans, develop naturally occurring anti-α-galactoside antibodies normally absent in wild type mice. Female α1,3GT (−/−) mice yield oocytes that are devoid of the Galα1→3Gal epitope; however, these mice are fully fertile. These observations indicate that the Galα1→3Gal moiety is not essential to sperm-oocyte interactions leading to fertilization or to essentially normal development. They further suggest that α1,3GT (−/−) mice will find utility for exploring approaches to diminish anti-Gal-dependent hyperacute xenograft rejection, which presents a major barrier to the use of porcine and other non-primate organs for xenotransplantation in humans.
Skin temperature recovery from cold provocation in workers exposed to vibration: a longitudinal study.

Background: Vibration white finger (VWF) is characterised by arterial hyperresponsiveness and vasoconstriction following cold provocation. Several years after of removal from exposure, most subjects show improved finger systolic blood pressure (FSBP) under conditions of cold challenge, but continue to report cold hands and finger blanching. Aims: To assess the underlying reasons for the persistence of cold symptoms. Methods: A total of 204 former users of pneumatic tools with cold related hand symptoms were evaluated and then re-evaluated a year later. Symptoms were evaluated using the Stockholm Workshop Scale. Finger systolic blood pressure per cent (FSBP%) was assessed by comparing digital blood pressure in a cold provoked and normalised state. Fingertip skin temperature was measured during cooling and occlusion and during rewarming and recovery. Results: There were dramatic improvements in FSBP% (14.3 mm Hg %), modest improvement in recovered skin temperature (0.86°C), and no change in symptom stage. When the most symptomatic subjects (n = 75) were compared with the less symptomatic subjects (n = 129), there were similar inter-test improvements in FSBP%. Skin temperature recovery improved in the less symptomatic (+1.49°C), but did not change in the most symptomatic group (-0.12°C). However, the more symptomatic group had higher temperatures at the initial test, thus qualifying the result. Conclusions: Skin temperature recovery after cold challenge in subjects with VWF remains reduced in the symptomatic subjects several years after exposure removal. This is evident even when blood pressure has increased in the setting of cold provocation. Results suggest that in VWF, the dermal circulation remains impaired, even after the restoration of arterial blood pressure in the digits.
Anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins via modulation of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades

Anthocyanins are a group of bioactive compounds present in plant foods. Although they have consistently shown an anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo, their mechanisms of action are not fully understood and have only recently begun to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to highlight the anti-inflammatory activity of anthocyanins, including their effect on the expression of several genes involved in inflammation. The available evidence suggests that their anti-inflammatory action can be attributed primarily to their antioxidant properties, which result in downregulation of the redox-sensitive nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Other pathways at least partly involved in the inflammatory response, particularly the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, also appear to play a role. A discussion is presented on the most effective dose of anthocyanins, the differential contribution of specific compounds, the comparative effects of anthocyanins versus other anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds, and the extent to which the observed biological activities are exerted by anthocyanins themselves or their metabolites.
Multiple-view object recognition in band-limited distributed camera networks

In this paper, we study the classical problem of object recognition in low-power, low-bandwidth distributed camera networks. The ability to perform robust object recognition is crucial for applications such as visual surveillance to track and identify objects of interest, and compensate visual nuisances such as occlusion and pose variation between multiple camera views. We propose an effective framework to perform distributed object recognition using a network of smart cameras and a computer as the base station. Due to the limited bandwidth between the cameras and the computer, the method utilizes the available computational power on the smart sensors to locally extract and compress SIFT-type image features to represent individual camera views. In particular, we show that between a network of cameras, high-dimensional SIFT histograms share a joint sparse pattern corresponding to a set of common features in 3-D. Such joint sparse patterns can be explicitly exploited to accurately encode the distributed signal via random projection, which is unsupervised and independent to the sensor modality. On the base station, we study multiple decoding schemes to simultaneously recover the multiple-view object features based on the distributed compressive sensing theory. The system has been implemented on the Berkeley CITRIC smart camera platform. The efficacy of the algorithm is validated through extensive simulation and experiments.
A high-density 300 ps BiCMOS GRA

A multiport BiCMOS embedded static RAM (SRAM) is introduced for use as a growable register array (GRA) in high-performance gate array technologies. This design provides read access times equivalent to those of bipolar RAMs, while maintaining soft-error rates that are lower than those of CMOS. Read access times of 300 ps were achieved by eliminating all emitter-coupled-logic (ECL) to CMOS conversion from the read paths. The current implementation allows array densities as high as 200 kb embedded in gate array logic. >