cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the deoxyguanosine-lysine cross-link of methylglyoxal.

Methylglyoxal is a mutagenic bis-electrophile that is produced endogenously from carbohydrate precursors. Methylglyoxal has been reported to induce DNA–protein cross-links (DPCs) in vitro and in cultured cells. Previous work suggests that these cross-links are formed between guanine and either lysine or cysteine side chains. However, the chemical nature of the methylglyoxal induced DPC have not been determined. We have examined the reaction of methylglyoxal, deoxyguanosine (dGuo), and Nα-acetyllysine (AcLys) and determined the structure of the cross-link to be the N2-ethyl-1-carboxamide with the lysine side chain amino group (1). The cross-link was identified by mass spectrometry and the structure confirmed by comparison to a synthetic sample. Further, the cross-link between methylglyoxal, dGuo, and a peptide (AcAVAGKAGAR) was also characterized. The mechanism of cross-link formation is likely to involve an Amadori rearrangement.
Rapid Cost Estimation for Storms Recovery Using Geographic Information Systems

The present study introduces a new approach to estimate the recovery costs of public property in the aftermath of a storm, by integrating geographic information systems. Estimating recovery costs for a disaster is a current concern for emergency responders. This work focuses on applying economic indicators, population, and storm event tracking to geographic information systems for rapidly estimating recovery costs. Firstly, recovery costs of historical events are normalized and adjusted for inflation, wealth, and population. Geospatial analysis is used to predict, manage, and learn political boundaries and population density. Secondly, rapid recovery cost estimation is accomplished by defining population, personal income, and gross domestic product. Finally, a jurisdiction fiscal capacity is calculated illustrating the economic capability of jurisdictions to finance public property recovery based on their economy size. The variability of estimated absolute errors between cost estimates and actual normaliz...
Effect of leptin on cytochrome P-450, conjugation, and antioxidant enzymes in the ob/ob mouse.

Leptin is a hormone that is secreted by adipocytes and regulates body weight through its effect on satiety and energy metabolism. The ob/ob mouse is deficient in this protein and is characterized by obesity and other metabolic disorders. This study investigated the alterations of several hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP), conjugation, and antioxidant enzymes in lean and ob/ob mice and the role leptin plays in the modulation of these enzymes. Lean and ob/ob male mice were injected with leptin (100 μg) or PBS for 15 days. Liver microsomes from ob/ob mice, when compared with lean controls, displayed significantly reduced chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation activity (27%); however, 7α- and 16α- testosterone hydroxylation and pentoxyresorufin O -dealkylation activities were significantly higher (47%, 22%, and 39%, respectively). Leptin administration corrected alterations seen with all P-450 activities. Dealkylation of ethoxyresorufin and ω-hydroxylation of lauric acid activities from ob/ob and lean mice were not statistically different; however, leptin exposure significantly increased ethoxyresorufin activity in lean mice (14%) and decreased the activity in ob/ob mice (36%). UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase and glutathione S -transferase activities were not altered. The antioxidant enzymes, catalase (11%) and glutathione peroxidase (26%), as well as glutathione reductase (17%), were lower in the ob/ob mice and leptin treatment corrected these alterations. The results of this study demonstrate alterations in constitutive expression of CYP2B, CYP2E, CYP2A, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in ob/ob mice that were restored to lean control values following leptin treatment. Additionally, CYP3A activity was increased following leptin treatment in ob/ob mice. The mechanism for the observed alterations may be due to direct leptin effects or via indirect alterations in insulin, corticosterone, and/or growth hormone.
Development of consistent forms for the Gibbs equation and the entropy balance

The principles of conservation of matter and energy are readily quantified in the mass and energy balances of the First Low of Thermodynamics. On the other hand formulation of a comparable balance equation for the Second Law tends to be more abstruse in traditional expositions. The objective herein is to demonstrate the basic Second Law equations--the Gibbs (or combined law) equation and the generalized entropy balance-can be obtained as a simultaneous result of combining the First Law mass and energy balances with corresponding energy transport of degradation functions. In this manner. consistency or reciprocity between the Gibbs equation and the entropy balance is assured. Another dividend from this approach is that it facilitates a more pragmatic interpretation of these relations.
Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders in older Women

An increase in the number and diversity of resources designed to optimize psychosocial function in people and especially women over age 65 is inevitable in the next decade as both the size and political influence of this group increase. The successful implementation of such programs is dependent on widespread change throughout society, involving many disparate groups, including older people themselves, politicians, health care administrators, and researchers from a range of disciplines. Clinicians in medicine and allied professions have a pivotal role in this regard. At present there are many reversible causes of psychiatric morbidity in the elderly, including depression, anxiety, cognitive defects, sensory impairment, malnutrition, and adverse effects of alcohol abuse and polypharmacy that are often not recognized or treated appropriately. It is therefore essential that family practitioners receive both undergraduate and postgraduate training to recognize and manage the wide range of psychosocial disorders prevalent in older women. Intervention may require little more than an opportunity for the women to ventilate concerns or obtain information and advice about community resources. In other circumstances in which there are complex interactions of physical, social, and psychological factors, optimal management may involve interventions that require specific skills beyond the scope of the individual practitioner. Referral to a psychogeriatric team is likely to be helpful in such situations. The team, with its access to a full range of health professionals and community resources, is well placed to deal economically with complex issues. The special care units are best equipped to manage the tertiary care of the chronically ill who do not have adequate community-based support available. Increased information derived from research relating to the spectrum of mental ill health and mental health is essential to adequately address the causes, correlates, and treatments of illness, and to answer questions about the positive aspects of mental health that may have implications for all age groups and both sexes. For example, it is intriguing that older women maintain a high level of psychological health despite greater social disadvantages than any other major section of the community. It is likely that psychological factors, such as better coping skills and ability to adapt to stressful life events, influence both the quality of life in older women and possibly also its duration. Alternatively, it is possible that the commonly held view that the life expectancies of women and men will converge as women undertake more of the roles and activities currently the province of men may occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Pathogenic determinants and mechanisms of ALS/FTD linked to hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two apparently distinct neurodegenerative diseases, the former characterized by selective loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord and the latter characterized by selective atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes. Over the years, however, growing evidence from clinical, pathological and genetic findings has suggested that ALS and FTD belong to the same clinic-pathological spectrum disorder. This concept has been further supported by the identification of the most common genetic cause for both diseases, an aberrantly expanded hexanucleotide repeat GGGGCC/ CCCCGG sequence located in a non-coding region of the gene C9orf72. Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain how this repeats expansion causes diseases: 1) C9orf72 haploinsufficiency-expanded repeats interfere with transcription or translation of the gene, leading to decreased expression of the C9orf72 protein; 2) RNA gain of function-RNA foci formed by sense and antisense transcripts of expanded repeats interact and sequester essential RNA binding proteins, causing neurotoxicity; 3) Repeat associated non-ATG initiated (RAN) translation of expanded sense GGGGCC and antisense CCCCGG repeats produces potential toxic dipeptide repeat protein (DPR). In this review, we assess current evidence supporting or arguing against each proposed mechanism in C9 ALS/FTD disease pathogenesis. Additionally, controversial findings are also discussed. Lastly, we discuss the possibility that the three pathogenic mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and all three might be involved in disease.
1D Nanowire Synthesis: Extending the OWL Toolbox with Semiconductors to Explore Plasmon-Exciton Interactions in the Form of Long-Range Optical Nanoscale Rulers

Forster resonant energy transfer (FRET) between molecular fluorophores has been commonly used to measure the distance between molecular entities within biological systems. The technique, however, is limited to the sub-10 nm range. Herein, we take advantage of the strong plasmonic fields generated by gold nanorods to develop the first long-range “plasmophore rulers” (valid up to 100 nm) based on the distance-dependent modulation of the emission shape of a luminescent object by a resonant plasmonic nanorod.
Computational model of cortical neuronal receptive fields for self-motion perception

Biologically inspired approaches are an alternative to conventional engineering approaches when developing complex algorithms for intelligent systems. In this paper, we present a novel approach to the computational modeling of primate cortical neurons in the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd). Our approach is based-on a spatially distributed mixture of Gaussians, where MST's primary function is detecting self-motion from optic flow stimulus. Each biological neuron was modeled using a genetic algorithm to determine the parameters of the mixture of Gaussians, resulting in firing rate responses that accurately match the observed responses of the corresponding biological neurons. We also present the possibility of applying the trained models to machine vision as part of a simple dorsal stream processing model for self-motion detection, which has applications to motion analysis and unmanned vehicle navigation.
Gait Mechanics and Second ACL Rupture: Implications for Delaying Return-to-Sport

Second anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a common and devastating injury among young women who return to sport after ACL reconstruction, but it is inadequately understood. The purpose of this study was to compare gait biomechanics and return-to-sport time frames in a matched cohort of young female athletes who, after primary ACLR, returned to sport without re-injury or sustained a second ACL injury. Approximately 6 months after primary reconstruction, 14 young women (age 16 ± 2 years) involved in jumping, cutting, and pivoting sports underwent motion analysis testing after physical therapy and impairment resolution. Following objective return-to-sport clearance, seven athletes sustained a second ACL rupture within 20 months of surgery (13.4 ± 4.9 months). We matched them by age, sex, and sport-level to seven athletes who returned to sports without re-injury. Data were analyzed using a previously validated, EMG-informed, patient-specific musculoskeletal model. Compared to athletes without re-injury, athletes who sustained a second ACL injury received surgery sooner (p = 0.023), had post-operative impairments resolved earlier (p = 0.022), reached criterion-based return-to-sport benchmarks earlier (p = 0.024), had higher body mass index (p = 0.039), and walked with lower peak knee flexor muscle forces bilaterally (p = 0.021). Athletes who sustained a second injury also tended to walk with larger (p = 0.089) and more symmetrical peak knee flexion angles and less co-contraction, all indicative of a more normal gait pattern. Statement of Clinical Significance: Delayed return-to-sport clearance even in the absence of gait or clinical impairments following primary ACL reconstruction may be necessary to mitigate second ACL injury risk in young women. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Effect of donor bronchial length on healing: a canine model to evaluate bronchial anastomotic problems in lung transplantation.

Bronchial anastomotic complications in lung transplantation in man remain a major cause of failure. To study this problem in a canine model, we varied the length of the distal bronchial component in three groups of dogs that underwent hilar stripping, bronchial transection, and reanastomosis. The distal bronchial component was thus analogous to the donor bronchus in a transplanted lung. Anastomoses were performed, respectively, at the level of the main carina (long single anastomosis), at the midpoint between the main carina and the bifurcation of the left main-stem bronchus (short single anastomosis), and just distal to the bifurcation of the left main-stem bronchus (lobar anastomosis). Bronchial anastomotic damage and necrosis were evaluated by periodic examination with a fiberoptic bronchoscope and by gross and microscopic examination at sacrifice on the seventh postoperative day. The long single anastomoses demonstrated the most necrosis, and the lobar anastomoses showed the least. The short single anastomoses showed an intermediate degree of damage. These findings support the hypothesis that shortening the distal or donor bronchial component reduces anastomotic damage, probably because of better pulmonary-to-bronchial collateral blood supply. This study provides a canine model by which to examine bronchial anastomotic complications and demonstrates the feasibility of performing lobar anastomoses as a means for decreasing bronchial anastomotic problems in lung transplantation.
A Nanoselenium Sponge for Instantaneous Mercury Removal to Undetectable Levels

Selective removal of aqueous mercury to levels below 10 ng L−1 or part per trillion remains an elusive goal for public health and environmental agencies. Here, it is shown that a low-cost nanocomposite sponge prepared by growing selenium (Se) nanomaterials on the surface and throughout the bulk of a polyurethane sponge exhibits a record breaking-mercury ion (Hg2+) removal rate, regardless of the pH. The exposure of aqueous solutions containing 10 mg L−1–12 ng L−1 Hg2+ to the sponge for a few seconds results in clean water with undetectable mercury levels (detection limit: 0.2 ng L−1). Such performance is far below the acceptable limits in drinking water (2 µg L−1), industrial effluents (0.2 µg L−1), and the most stringent surface water quality standards (1.3 ng L−1). The sponge shows a unique preference for Hg, does not retain water nutrients, and can significantly reduce the concentration of other heavy metal pollutants. Furthermore, the sponge shows no cytotoxic effect on human cells while exhibiting strong antimicrobial properties. The high affinity of Hg for Se results in irreversible sequestration and detoxification of mercury by the sponge, confirming the suitability for landfill disposal.
Development of a platform for E-training/E-learning for echocardiography practitioners

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), the most common form of congenital anomaly, affects nearly 1% of newborns and potentially dramatically increases neonatal mortality.
Perceptions of Perfection: The Influence of Social Media on Interpersonal Evaluations

Through social network sites such as Facebook, people gain information about acquaintances that they would not gain from everyday life. This information typically highlights the most positive aspec...
Geographic modeling for children at risk for home fires and burns

This study developed a predictive model for fires and burns among parents and children in Jefferson County, Kentucky. Eight risk factors for pediatric burns with census tract level data available were identified. Risk factors were synthesized to develop a cartographic model with risk levels low, medium, high, and severe. Validation was performed with fire dispatch data. At-risk areas were concentrated in the county's northwest. Risk was correlated with fire incidence rate (ρ=0.67, p<0.001). Significant risk factors were race (β=0.54, p<0.001), education (β=0.38, p<0.001), and year home built (β=-0.17, p=0.005). Cartographic modeling is a underutilized tool to identify at-risk areas.
Illustrative Clinical Cases

In the research presented in this book, we have taken a binocular view. We have looked at the same patients through two separate lenses: (1) through the systematic evaluation of clinical observations presented in narrative case reports and (2) through the precise delineation of psychological test variables, especially from the Rorschach, whose reliability and validity have been documented in a number of prior cross-sectional research investigations. We rated data from each of these points of view without knowledge of the other, in order to demonstrate the validity of both approaches to clinical assessment.
291 Approach to the Child with Proteinuria

Protein in the urine, termed proteinuria, is a common urinary finding among pediatric and adolescent patients and can be indicative of a normal, benign process or of numerous types of pathologic renal diseases. This distinction can be determined through a stepwise evaluation process of the type and degree of proteinuria and associated systemic findings. In the 1800s, Dr. Richard Bright first described an association between proteinuria and renal disease. Since that time, many clinical diagnoses have been identified with the associated finding of proteinuria, which can be accompanied by edema, hypoalbuminemia, macroscopic or microscopic hematuria, hypertension, abnormal kidney function, or systemic findings. The general practitioner should begin initial urinary testing and then proceed to a pediatric nephrology referral depending upon the results of the initial evaluation.
Effect of ovarian follicles on luteal regression in heifers.

Our objectives were to determine whether or not ovarian follicles contribute to spontaneous luteal regression in heifers and, if so, when during diestrus do follicles exert their effect. Thirty-one Holstein heifers having displayed at least one estrous cycle (19 to 21 d) were assigned, as available, to randomized blocks for a factorial experiment. Reproductive organs were exposed through a midventral incision on d 9, 12 or 15 postestrus. Visible follicles were electrocauterized and both ovaries were x-irradiated (1,500 rads) in treated heifers, whereas ovaries of controls were exteriorized but follicles were not destroyed and ovaries were not x-irradiated. In two additional heifers, the ovary containing the corpus luteum was exteriorized and x-irradiated on d 15 postestrus, but follicles were not electrocauterized. All heifers were ovariectomized on d 24 postestrus to inventory follicles and to weigh corpora lutea. No follicles were observed in ovaries from treated animals and concentrations of estradiol-17 beta did not change over time, whereas different numbers of follicles were observed in ovaries from controls and concentrations of estradiol-17 beta increased during proestrus. Hence, treatment destroyed follicles and prevented follicular development. On d 24 postestrus, corpora lutea from treated heifers were heavier than corpora lutea from controls, independentmore » of day when follicles were destroyed.« less
Antibody Structure: Ig Diversity

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses experimental results to study antibody structure. Data presented in regard to the relative frequency of subgroup III sequences in myeloma proteins and normal serum proteins suggests that although IgG and G-myeloma proteins have similar frequencies of subgroup III sequences, A-myeloma proteins have much higher frequencies. Homology regions of gamma chains from structural and functional point of view were considered for experiments. Structurally, the carboxy-terminal homology regions were observed to be highly conserved when gamma chains from the different subclasses of IgG were compared. Experiments utilizing inhibition of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis indicate that the skin-sensitizing site of gamma chain is located within the carboxy-terminal homology region. Studies of the susceptibility of various IgG proteins to papain digestion suggest that the hinge region may have different conformations and that these different conformations may be determined in part by the type of light chain associated with the gamma chain. The amino acid composition of J-chain shows differences from light chains, with high contents of cysteine and isoleucine, and very small amounts of glycine.
Blood pressure measurement in an ambulatory setting

Errors in blood pressure measurement can be significantly reduced by consideration and control of sources of error such as inadequate physical setting, equipment failure and poor technician performance. Inadequate setting and equipment failure can be ameliorated with the administration of rigorous quality control measures based on the knowledge of optimum standards. Technician performance is dependent on effective training and testing in the standard methodology, followed up with periodic re-testing and continuous supervision. Reducing measurement error greatly enhances the dependability of results obtained in an ambulatory setting.
Magnetic Record Media

Since the 1940s many special materials have been developed which are advantageous for magnetic records. These range from the popular gamma iron oxide to sputtered cobalt-chromium for perpendicular recording. The manufacture, properties, testing and uses of important record media are discussed in detail in this chapter. Tables and graphs specify physical and magnetic characteristics of particles, depositions, solid media and substrates.
Techniques for Extracellular Recordings

This chapter provides a general introduction of classifications and applications of the extracellular electrophysiology recording techniques. Among those, recordings of field potentials and compound action potentials on hippocampal brain slices are given as an example to illustrate detailed methods for extracellular recording ex vivo, due to the extensive usage of the rodent hippocampal slices in neuroscience studies. The equipment required for performing the basic experiment is listed in text. The relevant concepts of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP), population spikes (PS), and presynaptic volleys (PSV) are described herein. Accordingly, the protocols for recording fEPSP and PS are introduced, along with the analysis and interpretation of the data. The typical results of the recorded fEPSP and PS as waveform figures, as well as the summary of the relevant data as plotting figures, are also illustrated.
All optical formation of a Bose Einstein condensate

We have created a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb atoms directly in an optical trap. We employ a quasi-electrostatic dipole force trap formed by two crossed CO2 laser beams. Loading directly from a sub-Doppler laser-cooled cloud of atoms results in initial phase space densities of ≈1/200. Evaporatively cooling through the BEC transition is achieved by lowering the power in the trapping beams over ∼2 s. The resulting condensates are F=l spinors with 3.5 × 104 atoms distributed between the mF =(−1,0,1) states.
Complexity measures of the electroencephalograph capture loss and recovery of consciousness in patients anesthetized with propofol

ABSTRACT Propofol is one of the most widely used anesthetics for routine surgical anesthesia. Propofol administration alone produces EEG spectral characteristics similar to most hypnotics; however, inter-individual variation can make spectral measures inconsistent. Complexity measures of EEG signals could offer universal measures to better capture anesthetic depth as brain activity exhibits nonlinear behavior at several scales. We tested the potential of nonlinear dynamics analyses to identify loss and recovery of consciousness at clinically relevant timepoints. Patients undergoing propofol general anesthesia for various surgical procedures were identified as having changes in states of consciousness by the loss and recovery of response to verbal stimuli after induction and upon cessation of anesthesia, respectively. Nonlinear dynamics analyses showed more significant differences between consciousness states than most spectral measures. Thus, complexity measures could provide a means for reliably capturing depth of consciousness based on subtle EEG changes at the beginning and end of anesthesia administration.
Willingness to Use Safe Consumption Spaces among Opioid Users at High Risk of Fentanyl Overdose in Baltimore, Providence, and Boston.

Safe consumption spaces (SCS) are evidence-based interventions that reduce drug-related morbidity and mortality operating in many countries. However, SCS are yet to be widely implemented in the USA despite the escalating overdose epidemic. The aim of this multi-city study was to identify the factors associated with willingness to use a SCS among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Baltimore, Providence, and Boston, stratified by injection drug use status. Our secondary aim was to characterize the anticipated barriers to accessing SCS if they were to be implemented in these cities. PWUD were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey in 2017. The analysis was restricted to 326 opioid users (i.e., heroin, fentanyl, and non-medical opioid pill use). The majority (77%) of participants expressed willingness to use a SCS (Baltimore, 78%; Providence, 68%; Boston. 84%). Most respondents were male (59%), older than 35 years (76%), non-white (64%), relied on public/semi-public settings to inject (60%), had a history of overdose (64%), and recently suspected fentanyl contamination of their drugs (73%). A quarter (26%) preferred drugs containing fentanyl. Among injectors, female gender, racial minority status, suspicion of drugs containing fentanyl, and drug use in public/semi-public settings were associated with higher willingness to use a SCS; prior arrest was associated with lower willingness. Among non-injectors, racial minority status, preference for fentanyl, and drug use in public/semi-public settings were associated with higher willingness, whereas recent overdose held a negative association. The most commonly anticipated barriers to accessing a SCS in the future were concerns around arrest (38%), privacy (34%), confidentiality/trust/safety (25%), and cost/time/transportation (16%). These data provide evidence of high SCS acceptability among high-risk PWUD in the USA, including those who prefer street fentanyl. As SCS are implemented in the USA, targeted engagement efforts may be required to reach individuals exposed to the criminal justice system.
Interrelationships between Ionizing Radiation, Protein Synthesis, and the Physiological Expressions of Radiation Damage

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the interrelationships between ionizing radiation, protein synthesis, and the physiological expressions of radiation damage. The relationship between protein synthesis and the physiological expression of radiation damage has been explored primarily with the use of inhibitors of protein synthesis. The conclusions drawn from these studies are based on two assumptions: (1) the inhibition affects only one biochemical reaction and (2) this specific biochemical reaction has no rapid indirect effects on the general metabolism of the cell. It is found that long-term effects on protein synthesis in intact animals would appear to be mediated through changes in hormone levels and/or nutritional states rather than through primary radiation damage to elements directly involved in transcription or translation. In some systems, there appears to be a selective effect of radiation on membrane-bound—as opposed to free—ribosomes. In the course of examining a vast number of seemingly contradictory observations, some consistent themes are found. Whether or not these themes prove universal, it seems evident that future studies must involve very careful attention to doses, dose rates, and the full time-course of postirradiation events.
Independent Ordering of Two Interpenetrating Magnetic Sublattices in the Double Perovskite Sr2CoOsO6.

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrO2, Co3O4, and Os metal using PbO2 as an in situ source of oxygen gas (1000 °C, 48 h).
Genetic algorithms for affine transformations to existential t-restrictions

The subject of f-restrictions has garnered considerable interest recently as it encompasses many different types of combinatorial objects, all of which have unique and important applications. One of the most popular of these is an ingredient in the generation of covering arrays, which are used for discovering faulty interactions among software components. We focus on existential f-restrictions, which have a structure that can be exploited by genetic algorithms. In particular, recent work on such restrictions considers affine transformations while maximizing the corresponding "score" of the formed restriction. We propose to use genetic algorithms for existential f-restrictions by providing a general framework that can be applied to all such objects.
An Unusual Manifestation of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm as a Testicular Tumor

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy arising from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells that represent less than 1% of hematological malignancies. BPDCN initially presents with cutaneous involvement and a characteristic immunophenotype of CD4, CD56, and CD123 co-expression. Upon disease progression, BPDCN shows a strong predilection for bone marrow, peripheral blood, and lymph nodes, whereas manifestations in visceral organs are rare. Significant heterogeneity in clinical presentation and immunophenotypic profile makes BPDCN challenging to diagnose without an integrated approach based on patient history, clinical features, tumor pathology, and comprehensive immunohistochemical studies. Herein we report the first case of relapsed BPDCN manifesting as a unilateral testicular tumor.
Effects of nutrition education on cardio-metabolic outcomes: A randomised clinical trial:

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Full Plate Diet (FPD) on the primary prevention of cardio-metabolic risk factors.Design:Randomised clinical trial.Setting:Drayson Center,...
ReviewFragrance material review on 2-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Feasibility of Virtual Optimization of Guideline Directed Medical Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with HFrEF During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The IMPLEMENT-HF Pilot Study

Introduction Implementation of GDMT for HFrEF remains low. We assessed the feasibility of a virtual GDMT Team for optimization of GDMT during hospitalization for non-CV conditions. Hypothesis A GDMT Team will improve GDMT optimization compared with usual care. Methods Consecutive hospitalized patients with HFrEF≤40% were prospectively identified. Patients with critical illness, cardiology consult, de-novo HF, COVID-19 & SBP ≤90mmHg were excluded. February 3 to March 1, 2020 served as a pre-intervention period during which patients were screened, but did not receive GDMT Team interventions. From March 2 to June 21, 2020, a pharmacist-physician team provided up to 1 suggestion daily for GDMT optimization (evidence-based s-blockers, ACEi/ARB/ARNI, & MRA) to treating teams based on an evidence-based algorithm. The primary outcome of a composite GDMT optimization score, the net of positive therapeutic changes (+1 for new initiations/uptitrations) & negative therapeutic changes (-1 for discontinuations/downtitrations) during hospitalization, was compared between the pre- vs. post-intervention periods. Multivariable linear regression models were built adjusting associations for clinical factors. Safety outcomes requiring intervention or GDMT downtitration were identified. Results Of 187 encounters, 84 (45%) met eligibility criteria: 28 pre-intervention, 56 post-intervention. Mean age was 68±11 yrs, 70% men, and 61% White. Of 88 GDMT Team suggestions, 49 (56%) were followed by discharge. During the intervention, cumulative COVID-19 hospitalizations rose from 0 to 11085 in MA. Mean GDMT optimization score was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.58 to +0.30) pre-intervention & +0.64 (95% CI: +0.35 to +0.93) post-intervention (P=0.004). In a model inclusive of demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, potassium levels, eGFR, & LVEF, the intervention was the only factor associated with higher GDMT optimization score (β coeff 0.89; P=0.008). Safety events included 1 instance each of AKI, hyperkalemia, bradycardia, & hypotension. Conclusion Admission for non-CV conditions is a feasible setting for GDMT optimization. A virtual GDMT Team was associated with improved GDMT; this implementation strategy warrants testing in a prospective RCT.
Do Asset Price Bubbles have Negative Real Effects

In the recent recession and current economic recovery, policymakers have supported asset prices in the U.S. treasury and mortgage markets, expecting that improvement in the balance sheet of banks will lead to more commercial lending. In general, we document that increases in housing prices in a bank’s deposit base lead banks to decrease commercial lending. Further, we find that a one-standard deviation increase in housing prices is associated with a 10.3 percentage point decrease in investment of borrowing firms and a 4.2 percentage point decrease in leverage. These results suggest that when asset prices increase in one sector (such as the housing market), banks may respond by reallocating capital away from other sectors (such as commercial lending) towards the supported sectors.
Bases de datos y revistas académicas en la pandemia de COVID-19: Imaginar futuros posibles para la comunicación científica después de la crisis

Some reflections on the work of the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented, as well as the challenges ahead for education journals.
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that affects approximately 6.5 million adults in the United States. About half of the 6.5 million adults with HF are estimated to be individuals with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It is a common cause for poor quality of life, increased health-care resource utilization, and early mortality. HF incidence has risen to epidemic proportions in the recent years. This review attempts to address the epidemiology and pathophysiology of HFpEF. The incidence of HFpEF increased from 48% to 57% from 2000 to 2007 with a slight decrease in 2010 to 52%. The temporal trends in heart failure show an overall stable incidence of HF over the last two decades with increasing incidence of HFpEF and decreasing HFrEF incidence. Many etiologies contribute to the development of HFpEF which makes the treatment very challenging. Pathophysiology of HFpEF is multifaceted stemming from several disease-specific aspects of inflammation and endothelial function, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, ventricular-vascular uncoupling, pulmonary hypertension and chronotropic incompetence. Hence identifying the risk factors and etiologies is imperative to achieve optimal outcomes in this population. Newer insights into myocardial remodeling have led to an interesting finding of abnormal fibroblasts in HFpEF which are apoptosis resistant and initiate the development of an abnormal myocardial matrix resulting in initiation and progression of the disease. Upregulation of ROS has also been implicated in HFpEF. Further investigation could provide new avenues to target therapeutics specifically to stop initiation and progression of fibrosis.
Investigating Access to Justice, the Rural Lawyer Shortage, and Implications for Civil and Criminal Legal Systems

Access to justice (A2J) is associated with a number of metrics aimed at assessing the extent to which people enjoy equal access to courts, including pre-trial means for resolving disputes. While the concept is typically associated with civil justice systems, many factors associated with that context overlap with criminal justice system concerns. Central among these and of growing significance in the rural context is a worsening attorney shortage. When lawyers are not readily available, A2J is undermined, and costs to litigants and courts rise. Many quantitative factors measured in relation to A2J are unidimensional and have limited ability to reveal the full complexity of impediments to accessing legal processes. Simple metrics include attorney counts and caseload data. In both the civil and criminal contexts, the more revealing studies deploy mixed methods; in studying indigent defense, interviews with key stakeholders have proved particularly effective. Surveys of litigants, attorneys, and judges have proved highly informative, too, especially in rural settings without infrastructure for tracking data. Ethnographic research remains rare in both criminal and civil contexts. Meanwhile, law scholars often frame their work more explicitly in terms of constitutional and other legal issues, e.g., attorney ethics, implicated by access. This chapter, written for an anthology on Research Methods for Rural Criminologists, begins with a broad introduction to A2J. Next, it turns a geographic lens on the A2J landscape, highlighting spatial and place-specific issues as a prelude to discussing rural deficits, including the lawyer shortage. The chapter concludes by discussing rural criminal justice, with a focus on indigent defense. Tribal courts are beyond the scope of this chapter.
Bootstrap approach for meta-synthesis of MRI findings from multiple scanners.

Abstract Background Neuroimaging data from large epidemiologic cohort studies often come from multiple scanners. The variations of MRI measurements due to differences in magnetic field strength, image acquisition protocols, and scanner vendors can influence the interpretation of aggregated data. The purpose of the present study was to compare methods that meta-analyze findings from a small number of different MRI scanners. Methods We proposed a bootstrap resampling method using individual participant data and compared it with two common random effects meta-analysis methods, DerSimonian-Laird and Hartung-Knapp, and a conventional pooling method that combines MRI data from different scanners. We first performed simulations to compare the power and coverage probabilities of the four methods in the absence and presence of scanner effects on measurements. We then examined the association of age with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes from 787 participants. Results In simulations, the bootstrap approach performed better than the other three methods in terms of coverage probability and power when scanner differences were present. However, the bootstrap approach was consistent with pooling, the optimal approach, when scanner differences were absent. In the association of age with WMH volume, we observed that age was significantly associated with WMH volumes using the bootstrap approach, pooling, and the DerSimonian-Laird method, but not using the Hartung-Knapp method (p Conclusion The bootstrap approach using individual participant data is suitable for integrating outcomes from multiple MRI scanners regardless of absence or presence of scanner effects on measurements.
Prediction of Coronary Artery Calcium and Cardiovascular Risk on Chest Radiographs Using Deep Learning.

Deep learning algorithms can predict the presence of coronary artery calcium with modest performance on chest radiographs, which is correlated with cardiovascular risk.
Identification of enamel knot gene signature within the developing mouse molar

In most mammals, the primary teeth develop in utero and the cells capable of contributing to hard surface regeneration are lost before tooth eruption. These cells differentiate through a series of reciprocal induction steps between the epithelium and mesenchyme, initially orchestrated by an epithelial signaling center called the enamel knot. While the factors secreted by this structure are of interest to the dental regeneration and development communities, its small size makes it difficult to isolate for analysis. Here we describe our work to identify the enamel knot from whole E14 molars using publicly available scRNA-seq data. We identified 335 genes differentially expressed in the enamel knot compared to the surrounding tissues, including known enamel knot marker genes. We validated expression of the most highly enriched enamel knot marker genes and identified 42 novel marker genes of the enamel knot which provide excellent targets for future dental regeneration investigations.
The Heiligenstadt Testament: Beethoven's Therapeutic Estate Planning Experience

Therapeutic jurisprudence is concerned with the psychological and emotional consequences of the law. Specifically, it suggests that these consequences should be weighed alongside other policy considerations when lawmakers implement reform and that, all else being equal, the law should be shaped to maximize its therapeutic potential.This essay uses the estate planning experience of Ludwig van Beethoven to illustrate the ripe opportunity for therapeutic jurisprudential analysis of the law of succession. Indeed, therapeutic jurisprudence can be used to analyze a number of areas of the estate planning process, including not only the psychological effects of the law on the individual testator but also therapeutic issues related to those who stand to benefit from the testator’s estate plan, such as his friends and family.
Fractionation of Indian combra venom by column chromatography: II. Carboxymethyl cellulose

Abstract Lyophilized Indian-cobra venom (Naja naja) and two toxic moieties previously obtained by dextran-gel filtration were fractionated on columns of CM-cellulose eluted with ammonium acetate buffers at pH 4–11. Each of the two dextran-gel moieties was subfractionated into two toxic components eluted near pH 6 and 9.5, respectively. Fractionation of crude venom yielded approx. 12 components. Generally fractions eluted at increasing pH values contained components which migrated most rapidly toward the cathode by zone electrophoresis. The major toxic fractions were eluted at ph 5.0–5.5. and 9.2–9.4. These fractions accounted for 18.3% and 39.7% of the venom, had intravenous and intraperitoneal LD50 values lower or higher than that of the original venom, were heat stabile and labile and were electrophoretically heterogeneous and homogeneous, respectively. Assay results of an intravenous median death time method were at variance with those of the intravenous or intraperitoneal LD50 methods.
Trust and Virtual Organizations

The notion of trust in virtual organizations, VO’s, is an oxymoron. Inherently, virtual organizations arouse concerns about security and trustworthiness. Those with an E-customer focus further exacerbate the demands and requirements for trustworthy environments. Trust in virtual organizations is a poignant and timely issue in organizational science and the management of information systems. In the last decade, the topic of trust and virtual teams has been the subject of a scarce and rapidly expanding body of literature, which intersects Human Research Development, HRD, and Management of Information Systems, MIS. (Nandhakumar & Baskerville, 2001; Ishaya and Macauley, 2000; Galvin, 2000; Hugli, 2000, Jarvenpaa, Knoll and Leidner, 1998; Jarvenpaa and Leidner, 1998; Iacona and Weisband, 1997; Meyerson, Weick and Kramer, 1996).
Tradeoffs of Source Coding, Channel Coding and Spreading in Frequency Selective Rayleigh Fading Channels

This paper investigates the tradeoffs of source coding, channel coding and spreading in CDMA systems. We consider a system consisting of an image source coder, a convolutional channel coder, an interleaver, and a direct sequence spreading module. With different allocations of bandwidth to source coding, channel coding and spreading, the system is analyzed over a frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel. The performance of the system is evaluated using the cumulative distribution function of peak signal-to-noise ratio. Tradeoffs of different components of the system are determined through simulations. We show that, for a given bandwidth, an optimal allocation of that bandwidth can be found. Tradeoffs among the parameters allow us to tune the system performance to specific requirements.
Architectures for Tracking Control in Atomic Force Microscopes

We evaluate the performance of two control architectures applied to atomic force microscopes (AFM). Feedback-only control is a natural solution and has been applied widely. Expanding on that, combining feedback controllers with plant-injection feedforward filters has been shown to greatly improve tracking performance in AFMs. Alternatively, performance can also be improved by the use of a closed-loop-injection feedforward filter applied to the reference input before it enters the feedback loop. In this paper, we compare the plant-injection architecture with the closed-loop-injection architecture when used in controlling AFMs. In particular, we find that even in the presence of plant uncertainty, the closed-loop-injection architecture yields better tracking performance of a raster scan.
Leaf Anatomy and Leaf Elasticity

This chapter teaches how to measure leaf elasticity and calculates moduli of elasticity for the leaves. But before studying elasticity, we need to look at leaf anatomy to understand the type of organ for which we are making the calculations. Plants are usually classified according to their water relations, as follows: xerophytes, mesophytes, and hydrophytes. The xerophytes are adapted to dry habitats. Mesophytes require abundant available soil water and a relatively humid atmosphere. Hydrophytes (or hygrophytes) depend on a large supply of moisture or grow partly or completely submerged in water. The structural features typical of plants of the different habitats are referred to as xeromorphic, mesomorphic, or hydromorphic, respectively. The characteristics that distinguish plants of the various habitats are most striking in leaves. The chapter considers dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous leaves and focuses mainly on mesophytes, and then looks at special adapations of xerophytes.