cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Language Documentation

Throughout this book we have seen that the activities of language documentation (curation, analysis, and archiving) have impacts on language science but also on people, products, and methods. For students of linguistics, language documentation is a way of learning about the world, traveling to new places and making new friends. For native language users, language documentation projects are a way to build capacity in the community and, for individuals interested in further linguistic study, to become a part of the international documentation effort. Indigenous linguists have knowledge of social networks and language use. Language documentation brings to the scientific community unique perspectives on climate change, traditional ecological knowledge, musical traditions, biological diversity and more. New data and new types of data afforded by language documentation have also increased computational tools, theories, and algorithms to automate transcription. Language documentation provides materials for language pedagogy and revitalization, strong positive personal and professional impact on language documenters.
The Clinical Role and Activity of Advanced Clinicians in the Out-of-Hospital Environment.

Objective Recent evolution of the EMS system has resulted in an increased role for specially trained advanced clinicians (physicians, physician assistants, and registered nurses) in out-of-hospital field response. Despite this expansion into the out-of-hospital environment there is a lack of data regarding the actual clinical roles and activity of these clinicians in the United States. We seek to describe the clinical roles of advanced clinicians in the field through description of skills used during both 9-1-1 field responses and interfacility transports in the state of Pennsylvania. Methods Our data were taken from existing Pennsylvania Department of Health EMS records for all 9-1-1 and interfacility requests for service from January 2018 through June 2020. Descriptive statistics were applied to skills used, medications administered, clinician activity data, and patient demographics for each clinician type in four response categories: 9-1-1 air, 9-1-1 ground, interfacility air, and interfacility ground. Results A small number of clinicians completed the majority of calls across all clinician types. All clinician types were active and functioned at advanced life support (ALS) and specialty care levels. There were few statistically significant differences in skill or medication usage between clinician types. There were no statistically significant differences in level of skills (basic life support, ALS, or specialty skills) performed between clinician levels. Patient demographics for each clinician type were similar. Conclusions Our findings indicate advanced clinicians provide care at the ALS and specialty care levels in similar patient populations with little difference in the roles between clinician types in the out-of-hospital environment. Our data demonstrate successful integration of advanced clinicians into the out-of-hospital environment in Pennsylvania and provide a framework for future planning and expansion of these roles and responsibilities.
Instrument Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory

The topics addressed in this viewgraph presentation include information on 1) Historic instruments at Goddard; 2) Integrated Design Capability at Goddard; 3) The Instrument Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory (ISAL).
Urinary enzymes and their diagnostic value in human cancer.

Publisher Summary Most of the urinary enzymes contribute information on the presence and location of the neoplasm. The normal excretion of the urinary amylases, phosphatases, proteases, catalases, esterases, and other enzymes are altered both quantitatively and qualitatively in human cancer, especially in cancer of the urinary tract, giving clues to both the nature and location of the pathological growth. Urinary enzymes present in the urine have various sources. They may come from the surrounding normal or malignant tissues of the urinary tract. They may exist in the cellular components of the urine or in genital system. The enzymes may also exist in the secretion of macromolecules which enter urinary tract through passive diffusion. The simultaneous measurement of both the urinary lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities provide a diagnostic pattern to detect and localize carcinomas of the urinary tract. Most of the serum and urinary enzymes, which have been intensively investigated, have proved to have some diagnostic value for cancer, although so far no single enzyme has proved to be 100% reliable. However, there are hopes that when more data become available on a variety of serum and urinary enzymes and isozymes in cancer patients and when rapid and accurate assay techniques are developed, enzyme and isozyme patterns of the body fluids will provide the clinician with reliable and specific means for the early diagnosis of human cancer.
Defense gene expression patterns of three SAR-induced tomato cultivars in the field

Plant activation is an appealing disease management tool, avoiding some of the challenges of traditional chemical control by not directly impacting the pathogen. This study examined effects of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a plant activator that induces systemic acquired resistance, on defense response activation in three field-grown tomato cultivars in New York. Salicylic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid-mediated responses were monitored by following expression of a marker gene for each signaling pathway using quantitative real-time PCR over the course of two ASM applications. ASM induced salicylic acid and ethylene, but not jasmonic acid-regulated gene expression in all cultivars tested. All three cultivars demonstrated a significantly stronger gene expression response relative to the untreated control following the second ASM application. Implications of these findings on management practices are discussed.
Degradation of a Sodium Acrylate Oligomer by an Arthrobacter sp

Arthrobacter sp. strain NO-18 was first isolated from soil as a bacterium which could degrade the sodium acrylate oligomer and utilize it as the sole source of carbon. When 0.2% (wt/wt) oligomer was added to the culture medium, the acrylate oligomer was found to be degraded by 70 to 80% in 2 weeks, using gel permeation chromatography. To determine the maximum molecular weight for biodegradation, the degradation test was done with the hexamer, heptamer, and octamer, which were separated from the oligomer mixture by fractional gel permeation chromatography. The hexamer and heptamer were consumed to the extents of 58 and 36%, respectively, in 2 weeks, but the octamer was not degraded. Oligomers with three different terminal groups were synthesized to examine the effect of the different terminal groups on biodegradation, but few differences were found. Arthrobacter sp. NO-18 assimilated acrylic acid, propionic acid, glutaric acid, 2-methylglutaric acid, and 1,3,5-pentanetricarboxylic acid. Degradation of the acrylic unit structure by this strain is discussed.
Unsupervised learning neural networks with applications to data fusion

An unsupervised learning artificial neural network, DIGNET, is used to design a multi-sensor data fusion system. DIGNET is a self-organizing neural network model with its system parameters analytically determined from self-organization during the learning process. The fast and stable clustering of DIGNET on statistical pattern recognition is used to supplement the decision making on multi-sensor detection problems. Features of the received signals are extracted by using signal processing techniques at each sensor stage before presented to data fusion. The data fusion architecture consists of DIGNET models and decision making algorithms. The function of DIGNET is to perform feature clustering prior to data fusion. The clusters of features created by DIGNET are fused by a decision making algorithm for an integrated decision. Experimental results in a multi-sensor moving target indication system show that data fusion with DIGNET successfully detects and tracks multiple moving targets embedded in clutter.
Metrics for SiZer map comparison

SiZer is a powerful visualization tool for uncovering real structures masked in noisy data. It produces a two-dimensional plot, the so-called SiZer map, to help the data analyst to carry out this task. Since its first proposal, many different extensions and improvements have been developed, including robust SiZer, quantile SiZer, and various SiZers for time series data, just to name a few. Given these many SiZer variants, one important question is, how can one evaluate the quality of a SiZer map produced by any one of these variants? The primary goal of this article aims to answer this question by proposing two metrics for quantifying the discrepancy between any two SiZer maps. With such metrics, one can systematically calculate the distance between a “true” SiZer map and a SiZer map produced by any one of the SiZer variants. Consequently, one can select a “best” SiZer variant for the problem at hand by selecting the variant that produces SiZer maps that are, on average, closest to the “true” SiZer map. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Lattice point sets for efficient kernel smoothing models

This work addresses the problem of learning an unknown function from data when local models are employed. In particular, kernel smoothing models are considered, which use kernels in a straightforward fashion by modeling the output as a weighted average of values observed in a neighborhood of the input. Such models are a popular alternative to other kernel paradigms, such as support vector machines (SVM), due to their very light computational burden. The purpose of this work is to prove that a smart deterministic selection of the observation points can be advantageous with respect to input data coming from a pure random sampling. Apart from the theoretical interest, this has a practical implication in all the cases in which one can control the generation of the input samples (e.g., in applications from robotics, dynamic programming, optimization, mechanics, etc.) To this purpose, lattice point sets (LPSs), a special kind of sampling schemes commonly employed for efficient numerical integration, are investigated. It is proved that building local kernel smoothers using LPSs guarantees universal approximation property with better rates with respect to i.i.d. sampling. Then, a rule for automatic kernel width selection, making the computational burden of building the model negligible, is introduced to show how the regular structure of the lattice can lead to practical advantages. Simulation results are also provided to test in practice the performance of the proposed methods.
The role of the epidermis in the histopathogenesis of lichen amyloidosus. Histochemical correlations.

Summary.— Biopsies from 10 patients with lichen amyloidosus were investigated histochemically with special reference to the epidermal changes. The number of dopa-positive melanocytes was markedly decreased in the epidermis overlying the amyloid deposits, indicating that melanocytes are also involved and probably destroyed by the disease process. No increase in lysosomal enzyme activity could be detected in epidermal cells undergoing degeneration or in the epidermis immediately above the amyloid deposits. Respiratory enzyme activity was moderately reduced in the epidermis overlying the amyloid deposits. These histochcmical findings confirm that the epidermis is likely to be involved in the histopathogenesis of lichen amyloidosus. It is suggested that, prior to the deposition of amyloid, a specific cellular tolerance may develop to the presence of necrotic epidermal cells in the region of the dermo-epidermal junction.
Adolescent Mental Health and Academic Functioning: Empirical Support for Contrasting Models of Risk and Vulnerability

ABSTRACT Adolescents in military families contend with normative stressors that are universal and exist across social contexts (minority status, family disruptions, and social isolation) as well as stressors reflective of their military life context (e.g., parental deployment, school transitions, and living outside the United States). This study utilizes a social ecological perspective and a stress process lens to examine the relationship between multiple risk factors and relevant indicators of youth well-being, namely depressive symptoms and academic performance, as well as the mediating role of self-efficacy (N = 1,036). Three risk models were tested: an additive effects model (each risk factor uniquely influences outcomes), a full cumulative effects model (the collection of risk factors influences outcomes), a comparative model (a cumulative effects model exploring the differential effects of normative and military-related risks). This design allowed for the simultaneous examination of multiple risk fa...
The Primary Liability of Securities Lawyers

In the Supreme Court of the United States’ decision in Central Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A., the Court recognized that lawyers participating in a securities offering may be primarily liable under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and under one of its amplifying rules, Rule 10b-5, promulgated by the Securities and Exchange commission. Additionally, the Court rejected aiding and abetting liability not as bad policy but as beyond the scope of Section 10(b). The lasting effect of the Court’s decision is the requirement of defrauded investors to relinquish the expediency of a three-element cause of action for aiding and abetting and to return to the five-element cause of action judicially implied for primary violators of Rule 10b-5. Lawyers charged with primary liability typically defend themselves by arguing, first, that even if a misrepresentation or omission were made, it was made solely by the client, and, second, that they lacked the requisite intent to deceive, a determination which involves a context-based analysis of whether the lawyer’s conduct recklessly departs from the applicable standards of care. However, it is those very standards of care applicable to securities lawyers, requiring the lawyer’s independent determination of the appropriate level of disclosure, which in most instances refute both arguments. Where the securities lawyer has failed to abide by these standards, he or she will have a difficult time escaping liability by simply casting all the blame on the client. Thus, the requisite shift from secondary to primary liability should not prove particularly difficult. In this article, the author first provides a brief description of the role and customary practices of securities lawyers in a securities offering in order to demonstrate their authority and control over the disclosure process. Then, the author addresses certain significant decisions that have reaffirmed the securities lawyer’s primary role in managing the disclosure process. The author concludes that a securities lawyer whose conduct in preparing a disclosure document for a securities offering recklessly departs from the standards applicable in this highly-specialized area is not simply an aider or abettor, but a primary violator of Rule 10b-5’s anti-fraud proscription.
Cost-Effectiveness of Nutrition Intervention in Long-Term Care

Objectives To determine the cost-effectiveness of two nutrition interventions on food, beverage, and supplement intake and body weight. Design Randomized, controlled trial. Setting Five skilled nursing home facilities. Participants Long-stay residents with orders for nutrition supplementation (N = 154). Intervention Participants were randomized into a usual care control group, an oral liquid nutrition supplement (ONS) intervention group, or a snack intervention group. Research staff provided ONS, according to orders or a variety of snack foods and beverages twice per day between meals, 5 days per week for 24 weeks and assistance to promote consumption. Measurements Research staff independently weighed residents at baseline and monthly during the 24-week intervention. Resident food, beverage and supplement intake and the amount of staff time spent providing assistance were assessed for 2 days at baseline and 2 days per month during the intervention using standardized observation and weighed intake procedures. Results The ONS intervention group took in an average of 265 calories more per day and the snack intervention group an average of 303 calories more per day than the control group. Staff time required to provide each intervention averaged 11 and 14 minutes per person per offer for ONS and snacks, respectively, and 3 minutes for usual care. Both interventions were cost-effective in increasing caloric intake, but neither intervention had a significant effect on body weight, despite positive trends. Conclusion Oral liquid nutrition supplements and snack offers were efficacious in promoting caloric intake when coupled with assistance to promote consumption and a variety of options, but neither intervention resulted in significant weight gain.
Speculative region-based memory management for big data systems

Most real-world Big Data systems are written in managed languages. These systems suffer from severe memory problems due to the massive volumes of objects created to process input data. Allocating and deallocating a sea of objects puts a severe strain on the garbage collector, leading to excessive GC efforts and/or out-of-memory crashes. Region-based memory management has been recently shown to be effective to reduce GC costs for Big Data systems. However, all existing region-based techniques require significant user annotations, resulting in limited usefulness and practicality. This paper reports an ongoing project, aiming to design and implement a novel speculative region-based technique that requires only minimum user involvement. In our system, objects are allocated speculatively into their respective regions and promoted into the heap if needed. We develop an object promotion algorithm that scans regions for only a small number of times, which will hopefully lead to significantly improved memory management efficiency. We also present an OpenJDK-based implementation plan and an evaluation plan.
Hyperthermia inhibits the repair of DNA double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Hyperthermia is known to synergistically interact with X-rays to kill cells. We have used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate the effects of hyperthermia on cell survival and on repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (dsbs). Combining hyperthermia (43 degrees C, 45 min) with radiation (7.5 Gy) resulted in a complete inhibition of dsb repair and a surviving fraction of 0.9%. Cells treated with hyperthermia alone resulted in a 55% cell survival with no increase in dsb levels over background. Cells treated with 7.5 Gy alone demonstrated 11% survival and exponential dsb repair. Dsb repair was equally inhibited by hyperthermia whether administered immediately before or after the radiation. We compared the rejoining of dsbs resulting from 7.5 Gy at 37 and 43 degrees C to determine whether dsbs were being repaired during hyperthermia. While repair occurred at 37 degrees C, no dsbs were repaired at 43 degrees C. Our results indicate that hyperthermia completely inhibits dsb repair.
Measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes with three-dimensional reconstructed transesophageal ultrasound scans: comparison to radionuclide and thermal dilution measurements.

Abstract A transesophageal, ultrasonic cardiac imaging probe was built that incorporated a mechanism for changing the angle of the imaging plane of a conventional phased array in a precise and known manner. This probe was used to acquire an angular spatial sequence of two-dimensional images of the left ventricular cavity over a series of cardiac cycles by sweeping the imaging plane through it stepwise. The endocardial borders of these images were manually outlined off-line and the application of a threedimensional reconstruction algorithm was then used to compute the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and ejection fraction. A study was conducted with seven anesthesized dogs to compare ultrasonic determinations by this method with determinations and measurements made using radionuclide and thermal dilution methods. Comparison of 33 ejection fractions, measured by the ultrasonic volume method and by the gated blood pool radionuclide approach, yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.87 and a standard error of the estimate of 5.7% measured over a range of 10% to 58% (average, 40%). Comparison of the ultrasonically measured volumes with those calculated from stroke volume (derived from thermal dilution cardiac output measurement) and ejection fraction (measured by radionuclide technique) produced a correlation coefficient of 0.92 and a standard error of the estimate of 10.3 mL over a range of 18 to 130 mL (average, 56 mL). The accuracy of volume and ejection fraction measurements with this new ultrasonic method seems comparable to that of other currently used clinical approaches such as radionuclide and angiography.
O{ n / + } clusters produced by the sputtering of solid oxygen

A brief survey is provided of the formation of cluster ions in the sputtering of frozen gases with keV-range energy rare gas atoms or ions, and of radiation damage in the residual solid. The sputtering of solid oxygen produces cluster ions, primarily the series O 3n+2 + . The constitution of these clusters has been investigated by observing collision-induced dissociation, laser-induced photo-dissociation, and metastable decay in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. It is proposed that the dominant clusters contain O 5 + as the central ion, surrounded by molecules of ozone. Upon electronic excitation of one of the ozone molecules, its departure from the cluster competes with more extensive disintegration, presumably preceded by excitation energy transfer from the excited ozone to O 5 + .
Etching and inhibition of the {111} surfaces of the III–V intermetallic compounds: InSb☆

Abstract In oxidizing etching media, the {111} surfaces of InSb are much less reactive than the 1 1 1 } surfaces as determined by direct dissolution rates and by etching of spheres. Related to this difference in reactivity is the fact that dislocation etch pits appear on the {111}, but not on the { 1 1 1 } surfaces. Inhibitors such as stearic acid and primary amines decrease appreciably the dissolution rate of only the { 1 1 1 } surfaces. Furthermore, etching inhibitors lead to the formation of new dislocation etch pits on the {111} and also on the { 1 1 1 } surfaces. Similar effects were observed in GaAs. These phenomena are discussed in terms of the atomic configuration of the surfaces involved and the relative reactivity of the group III and group V atoms.
Receptor for interleukin (IL) 13 does not interact with IL4 but receptor for IL4 interacts with IL13 on human glioma cells

Recently, we have demonstrated that human (h) glioma cell lines express large number of receptors (R) for interleukin 13 (IL13) (Debinski, W., Obiri, N. I., Powers, S. K., Pastan, I., and Puri, R. K. (1995) Clin. Cancer Res. 1, 1253-1258). These cells are extremely sensitive to a chimeric protein composed of hIL13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), PE38QQR. We have found that the cytotoxicity of hIL13-PE38QQR was blocked by hIL13 but not by hIL4 on the U-251 MG and U-373 MG cells, contrary to what was observed on several adenocarcinoma cell lines. In the present study, we further explored interactions between receptor for IL13 and IL4 on glioma cells. Established human glioma cell lines, such as DBTRG MG, Hs 683, U-87 MG, SNB-19, and A-172, are very susceptible to hIL13-PE38QQR, and the action of the chimeric toxin is not blocked by hIL4 on all these cells either. Also, hIL4 is not a competitor for 125I-hIL13 binding sites on glioma cells. Of interest, a corresponding hIL4-based chimeric toxin, hIL4-PE38QQR, is poorly active or not active on all the tested glioma cell lines. When active, however, hIL4 toxin action was blocked by hIL13. hIL13 is a competitor for 125I-hIL14 binding in a competitive binding assay on glioma cells. hIL13 and hIL4 did not affect the growth of the tested glioma cell lines. Human glioblastoma multiforme explant cells exhibited similar responses to the chimeric toxins and interleukins when compared with that found in established glioma cultures. Our results suggest that the hIL13R on glioma cells is expressed in one predominant form, the form that does not interact with IL4. Thus, this type of hIL13R is apparently different from the one demonstrated previously on several adenocarcinoma cell lines.
Migration of a severed transvenous pacing catheter and its successful removal.

Abstract In a patient with complete A-V block with a permanent transvenous pacemaker pacing failure occurred. The insulation of the pacing catheter had eroded and resulted in ineffective pacing. Since the catheter could not be removed from the venous system, it was severed. The proximal end was fixed to the tissue in the neck at its entrance into the external jugular vein. The distal portion remained in the superior vena cava. Subsequently, the catheter dislodged from its sutures and migrated to the inferior vena cava. A safe snare was developed and used to remove the catheter through the saphenous vein. This report points out the need to remove permanent pacing catheters from the heart when they are not to be used and describes a method for removing intravascular foreign bodies.
Passenger Train Crashworthiness—Secondary Collisions

Secondary collisions in passenger train crashes are considered and a companion paper dealing with primary collisions is followed up. The effects of crash pulse magnitude and duration, occupant flail distance, and the nature of the impacted surface are considered. The constitutive relationship for a Hybrid III dummy head satisfying the peak acceleration requirements of FMVSS208 is developed and used with the crash victim simulator MADYMO to investigate the impact response of train passengers seated in a unidirectional layout. It is shown that the design of the coach shell and the interior have to be integrated to obtain train designs that will minimize occupant injuries in the event of train collisions.
Horizon stability in asymptotically flat spacetimes

It is shown that, provided the ideal point structure of spacetime is stable, generic infinitesimal perturbations cause singularities to appear on the event horizons in both the maximally extended Schwarzschild spacetime and the maximally extended Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime. Furthermore, singularities will also appear on the "inner event horizon" of the maximally extended Reissner-Nordstr\"om solution when this spacetime is perturbed generically. The Cauchy horizon appearing in the Reissner-Nordstr\"om solution is shown to be unstable to spherically symmetric infinitesimal perturbations. The barrier that prevents travel through a wormhole from one asymptotically flat region to another is shown in the Schwarzschild case to be stable to spherically symmetric perturbations.
Social and ecological factors affecting paternity allocation in American robins with overlapping broods

Factors that affect extra-pair mating in birds are likely to vary across the breeding season. Changing densities of active nests may alter the opportunities for extra-pair mating, and parental duties may alter a male’s opportunity to guard his mate from extra-pair mating. The latter affects species with multiple broods, where males care for fledglings from first nests while females initiate second nests. We studied a population of multi-brooded American robins (Turdus migratorius) to assess how seasonal changes in nesting density and changes in mate-guarding opportunity influenced paternity patterns over successive breeding attempts. Extra-pair paternity (EPP) occurred in 71.9% of broods and accounted for 48.1% of young. High nesting densities in the study population may explain the high overall rate of EPP, but seasonal variation in breeding density did not explain patterns of EPP among nests. Contrary to the predictions of the mate-guarding hypothesis, EPP did not increase in the second nests that followed successful first nests, and the percentage of extra-pair young in second nests did not decline as the overlap between successive nests increased. The fact that EPP was actually lower when the interval between clutches was shorter suggests that the sooner the males can assume sole care of first broods and allow their mates to renest (indicative of superior paternal quality), the more paternity they realize in the next nest. These results suggest that mate-guarding opportunity does not influence paternity in this population of American robins and that female robins may allocate paternity based on their assessment of male parental performance at first nests.
Short-term effects of salinity reduction and drainage on salt-marsh biogeochemical cycling and Spartina (cordgrass) production

To assess the biogeochemical effects of tidal restrictions on salt-marsh sulfur cycling and plant growth, cores of short-formSpartina alterniflora peat were desalinated and kept either waterlogged or drained in greenhouse microcosms. Changes in netSpartina production, and porewater and solid phase chemistry of treated cores were compared to natural conditions in the field collection site over a 21-mo period. Net production among treatments increased significantly in drained and waterlogged peat compared to field conditions during the first growing season. Constantly high sulfide in waterlogged cores accompanied reduced plant growth. Aeration invigorated growth in draimed cores but led to oxidization of sulfide minerals and to lowered pH. During the second growing season, growth declined in the drained treatment, probably because of acidification and decreased dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Results are pertinent to the success of current wetland protection and restoration activities in the coastal zone.
The total hydration atmospheres of the alkali-metal cations in aqueous solution☆

Abstract Estimates of the number of water molecules in the total hydration atmospheres or water-structure-enhanced regions surrounding the alkali-metal cations in aqueous solution based on four different types of data—the concentration dependence of the Arrhenius activation energy of viscous flow, the cationic isotope effect on conductance, the ratio of limiting conductances, and the conductance ratio in D 2 O—are in agreement. In the case of Na + the number of water molocules in its total hydration atmosphere at 5, 20 and 50°C is very nearly the same as the average number of water molecules in the Frank-Wen clusters in pure water at these same temperatures.
Attempted synthesis of a vinylog of chloramphenicol.

Applying essentially the synthetic procedures of Long and Troutman, which led to chloramphenicol, we have attempted to synthesize a vinylog of the antibiotic in order to study the application of the theory of vinylogy to pharmacological results. However, failure to achieve the desired synthesis has suggested that even chemically the theory does not hold entirely, especially in regard to an apparently high specificity of structure which allows monohydroxymethylation in certain chloramphenicol intermediates and not in their vinylogs.
MAINTAINING STABILITY IN CHUA'S CIRCUIT DRIVEN INTO REGIONS OF OSCILLATION AND CHAOS

Systems often have limited operating regions at increased drive parameters because of the onset of oscillations and chaos. Chua's circuit is an electronic example of such a system, as it has a nonzero steady-state (d.c.) voltage output before breaking into oscillations and eventually chaos as the drive is increased. Using a new control technique, we are able to keep the system in the steady state in regions for which it would otherwise exhibit oscillations or chaos.
Magnetic reversals and mass extinctions.

The results of a study of reversals of the earth's magnetic field over the past 165 Myr are presented. A stationary periodicity of 30 Myr emerges which predicts pulses of increased reversal activity centered at 10, 40, 70, . . . Myr before the present. The correlation between the reversal intensity and biological extinctions is examined, and a nontrivial discrepancy is found between the magnetic and extinction periodicity.
A CUB-serine protease in the olfactory organ of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus.

csp, a gene encoding a protein with high sequence identity to trypsinlike serine protease and CUB domains, was identified from a cDNA library from the olfactory organ (antennular lateral flagellum) of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. The full-length cDNA sequence of csp is 1801 bp, encoding a protein of 50.25 kD, with three domains: signal peptide, trypsinlike serine protease, and CUB (named for a class of compounds including Complement subcomponents Clr/Cls, Uegf, and Bone morphogenic protein-1). RT-PCR, Northern blots, and immunoblots showed that csp is predominantly expressed in the lateral flagellum and eyestalk. Immunocytochemistry showed that Csp is present in olfactory (aesthetasc) sensilla around auxiliary cells (glia that surround the inner dendrites of olfactory receptor neurons, ORNs) and ORN outer dendrites. We propose that Csp is expressed and secreted by auxiliary cells, associates with ORN cell membranes or extracellular matrix via the CUB domain, and has trypsinlike activity. In the eyestalk, Csp is associated with cells surrounding axons between neuropils of the eyestalk ganglia. Possible functions in the olfactory organ and eyestalk are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first report from any olfactory system of a gene encoding a protein with serine protease and CUB domains. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 49: 277–302, 2001
The “5Es” of Emergency Physician–performed Focused Cardiac Ultrasound: A Protocol for Rapid Identification of Effusion, Ejection, Equality, Exit, and Entrance

Emergency physician (EP)-performed focused cardiac ultrasound (EP FOCUS) has been increasingly recognized as a crucial tool to help clinicians diagnose and treat potentially life-threatening conditions. The existing literature demonstrates a variety of EP FOCUS applications and protocols; however, EP FOCUS is not taught, practiced, or interpreted consistently between institutions. Drawing on over 12 years of experience in a large-volume, high-acuity academic emergency department, we have developed a protocol for teaching and performing EP FOCUS known as “The 5Es,” where each E represents a specific assessment for immediately relevant clinical information. These include pericardial effusion, qualitative left ventricular ejection, ventricular equality, exit (aortic root diameter), and entrance (inferior vena cava diameter and respirophasic variation). Each of these assessments has been well described in the emergency medicine literature and is within the scope of EP-performed echocardiography. This approach provides a reliable and easily recalled framework for assessing, teaching, and communicating EP FOCUS findings that are essential in caring for the patient in the emergency setting. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2015;22:583–593 © 2015 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Targeting PD1–PDL1 immune checkpoint in plasmacytoid dendritic cell interactions with T cells, natural killer cells and multiple myeloma cells

Targeting PD1–PDL1 immune checkpoint in plasmacytoid dendritic cell interactions with T cells, natural killer cells and multiple myeloma cells
Method for the representation of thermodynamic properties of surfactant solutions

Abstract Representation of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous surfactant solutions may be accomplished using cubic splines fitted to experimental data by a nonlinear least-squares procedure. The procedure is demonstrated by fitting to activity and density data of aqueous alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are detailed.
A descriptive study of rapists and child molesters: Developmental, clinical, and criminal characteristics

Descriptive statistics were collected on a group of 184 men determined to be sexually dangerous and incarcerated in a correctional/mental health facility designed for the treatment of sexual offenders. Data were obtained by reviewing each patient's clinical file and abstracting information on over 600 discrete variables. Selected variables from that database were rationally grouped into five categories: (1) family, (2) child/juvenile, (3) adult/incompetence, (4) criminal, (5) clinical. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the prevalence of various characteristics among the entire sample, as well as between groups of rapists and child molesters. RESULTS are discussed in terms of rapist-child molester differences, and the more global issues of offender subtyping. Language: en
Erratum to “International traffic in coca through the early 20th century”

Abstract This paper compiles records of coca exported by the major producing sites, Peru, Bolivia, Java and Formosa, from the late 19th century through the first third of the 20th century. During most of this era coca was legally produced and responsive to market demands. World coca exports did not peak until around 1920, followed by a steady decline over the next decade. This export pattern (if not the exact figures) suggests a period of rising cocaine consumption, peaking regionally first in North America, then in Europe and other parts of the world, followed by a marked decrease in the drug’s popularity and acceptance.
“True” mycotic aneurysm of a renal artery allograft

Abstract A 60-year-old white man sustained a rupture of the renal artery 6 weeks after a cadaveric kidney transplantation. The bleeding site was repaired, and culture of the hematoma showed an isolated growth of Candida albicans. Blood and urine cultures were negative. Systemic antifungal therapy was initiated. Bleeding from the renal artery recurred, eventually requiring removal of the transplanted kidney. Histopathology of the resected specimen showed budding yeast in the wall of the renal artery, but no evidence of fungal invasion of the kidney. The patient received 6 weeks of amphotericin B therapy and currently remains on hemodialysis therapy. (Am J Kidney Dis 1998 Jan;31(1):E3)
The evolving role of the IS planning executive: An empirical investigation

Abstract Recent and rapid developments in IS technology, greater competitiveness of business, and related factors have brought about major shifts in the orientation of organizational Information Systems (IS). Necessary adaptations in IS management techniques have to be made to cope effectively with these changes. One area which has been the focus of much attention in the context of the growing complexity of IS environments is IS planning. This study explores the nature of the changes in emphasis in the IS planning executive's role in the context of the changes in the orientation of the organizational IS. The data for the study consist of responses of IS executives to a survey questionnaire. Descriptions of the executive's role as it existed five years earlier are compared to descriptions at the time of responding to the survey instrument. Results suggest that there have been significant changes in the IS planning executive's role over this period, adding support to current thinking that IS management techniques should be suitably adapted to cope with the emergence of changing IS environments.
The two motility systems of Myxococcus xanthus show different selective advantages on various surfaces.

Myxococcus xanthus, a bacterium that forms fruiting bodies, moves by gliding motility utilizing dual motility systems that differ both genetically and morphologically [system A, having at least 21 genetic loci and moving mainly single cells, and system S, having at least 10 genetic loci and moving groups (rafts) of cells] [Hodgkin, J. & Kaiser, D. (1979) Mol. Gen. Genet. 172, 177-191]. In this study, we found that A- and S-gliding-motility systems have different selective advantages on surfaces containing different concentrations of agar. We observed that colonies of A+S- cells (A-motile cells) swarmed better than A-S+ cells (S-motile cells) on relatively firm and dry surfaces (e.g., 1.5% agar). In contrast, colonies of A-S+ cells swarmed much better than A+S- cells on soft and wet surfaces (e.g., 0.3% agar). Individual A-motile cells moved at a rate of 2-4 microns/min on 1.5% agar but they barely moved on 0.3% agar (< 0.5 microns/min); in contrast S-motile cells moved 3-5 times faster on 0.3% agar than on 1.5% agar. Wild-type cells with both A- and S-motility systems were able to move well over a wide range of surfaces. These results suggest that dual motility systems enable the myxobacteria to adapt to a variety of physiological and ecological environments and show similarities in function to the dual motility systems of flagellated bacteria such as Vibrio spp.
Clinical decision making in everyday practice: The science in the art.

Despite a growing literature base documenting the efficacy of behavioral interventions, the everyday practitioner is faced with the demands of processing and translating a complex set of clinical information in order to make effective and ethical decisions. In this article, we present a model of decision making geared to increase the contribution of the scientific process to the art of clinical practice. This model is based upon a problem-solving framework that provides a practical heuristic guide for the generation and evaluation of solutions to everyday clinical problems.
Private firm investors and product market relationships: Certification and networking

Abstract In this paper, we examine how private firm investors facilitate value-enhancing product market relationships by either certifying firm value to potential partners or through their industry networks. Employing novel methods to distinguish these two effects, we find that firms backed by venture capital and angel investors are significantly more likely to form value-enhancing product market relationships and these relationships will be with more prominent counterparties. Furthermore, we find a significant difference between services provided by venture capital versus by angel investors. Venture capital investors provide benefits from certification and industry networking while angel investors only provide benefits from networking, but provide no detectable certification benefits.
Real-space renormalization group for the random-field Ising model.

We present real-space renormalization-group (RG) calculations of the critical properties of the random-field Ising model on a cubic lattice in three dimensions. We calculate the RG flows in a two-parameter truncation of the Hamiltonian space. As predicted, the transition at finite randomness is controlled by a zero-temperature, disordered critical fixed point, and we exhibit the universal crossover trajectory from the pure Ising critical point. We extract scaling fields and critical exponents, and study the distribution of barrier heights between states as a function of length scale.
A Comparison of Sea Surface Temperature Climatologies

Abstract Six global and two regional Pacific monthly sea surface temperature climatologies were compared. The climatologies were based on either surface marine observations or oceanographic cast (surface plus subsurface temperatures) observations. Although the cast data is more accurate than the surface marine, the data density of the cast observations is much more sparse. In this study, the surface marine climatologies were generally found to be superior to the cast climatologies. The individual differences between the climatologies are described and evaluated.
WCET analysis of static NUCA caches

Large on-chip caches with uniform access time are inefficient to be used in multicore processors due to the increasing wire delays across the chip. The Non-Uniform Cache Architecture (NUCA) is proved to be effective to solve the problem of the increasing wire delays in multicore processors. For real-time systems that use multicore processors, it is crucial to bound the worst-case execution time (WCET) accurately and safely. In this paper, we develop a WCET analysis approach to consider the effects of static NUCA caches on WCET, and compare the WCET of the real-time applications in different topologies of the static NUCA caches. The experimental results demonstrate that the static NUCA cache can improve the worst-case performance of the real-time applications in the multicore processor as compared to the cache with uniform access time.
Atomistic mechanism of hydrogen trapping in bcc Fe–Y solid solution: A first principles study

Abstract For many years trapping of hydrogen by solutes has been proposed as one of the mechanisms to mitigate hydrogen embrittlement in steels. In the 1980s, Myers et al. reported strong hydrogen trapping around yttrium centers in α -Fe with trapping energies of around −0.7 to −0.9 eV. To date, this is one of the strongest reported solute traps for hydrogen. Here, we use Fe–Y alloy as a model system to study mechanistic aspects of hydrogen trapping from first principles. We examine hydrogen binding at various defect complexes in Fe–Y. We show that binding at simple point defects such as Y atom, Y-monovacancy, and Y-divacancy complexes is weaker than what is required to explain experimental results, but binding at more complex defects involving multiple Y atoms and multiple vacancies is well in the range of the experimental observations. This leads us to infer that these complex defects are the strong hydrogen traps underlying experimental results. The effect of solutes in trapping hydrogen, however, is found to be very local, limited largely to within second nearest neighbor shells.
High-resolution pulsed electron beam time-of-flight ejected-electron spectroscopy of He and Ar

Abstract Time-of-flight spectra of electrons ejected at 90° using a 2 keV pulsed electron beam incident on He and Ar reported. A timing resolution of better than 400 ps was obtained by utilizing two microchannel detector plates in series. Previously observed spectroscopic features were confirmed in both cases studied.
Assessment and Treatment of the Trauma Patient in Shock

High-volume crystalloid resuscitation is associated with increased length of stay, ICU and ventilator days, and organ failure and infection rates. Rapid evaluation of a hemodynamically unstable trauma patient is vital to diagnosis and treatment of the cause of shock. CT scanning should be used liberally in trauma patients to effect decreased mortality. Nonoperative management and catheter-based interventions are becoming the standard of care in appropriately selected patients with solid organ injuries.
UC Berkeley's Digital Library project

For digital libraries to succeed, we must abandon the traditional notion of “library” altogether. The reason is as follows: The digital “library” will be a collection of distributed information services; producers of material will make it available, and consumers will find it and use it, perhaps through the help of automated agents. Libraries in the traditional sense are nowhere to be found in this model (i. e., the notion of a limited intermediary containing some small fraction of preselected material available only to local patrons is replaced by a system providing to users everywhere direct access to the full contents of all available material).