cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of flexible and constrained haptens in eliciting antibody catalysts for paraoxon hydrolysis.

Abstract A new amine-oxide hapten was employed as an antigen, producing seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from a panel of 20 that catalyzed paraoxon hydrolysis. The current hapten design differs from that previously described in that the molecule is inherently more flexible than its constrained predecessor. One of the seven antibody catalysts, mAb 1H9, showed the highest activity and was selected for detailed study. At pH=8.77, the catalytic hydrolysis of paraoxon by mAb 1H9 followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics affording a k cat =3.73×10 −4 min −1 and a K m =1.12 mM with a rate acceleration k cat / k uncat =56. The hapten was found to be a competitive inhibitor of antibody-catalyzed paraoxon hydrolysis with a K i =0.54 mM. A comparison of both the number and proficiency of antibody catalysts obtained when utilizing a flexible versus constrained hapten indicates that, for paraoxon hydrolysis, constrained haptens elicit superior catalysts, suggesting that further development should begin with the use of constrained haptens in producing more proficient antibody catalysts for paraoxon hydrolysis.
AUTOKINESIS AND PERSONALITY

Summary.-The relationships of autokinesis to personality traits for 40 undergraduate students of Delhi University is described. Eight response measures were e however, other investigators found no relationships between autolunesis and psychological differentiation (Cancero & Voth, 1969) and few relationships (Cornwell, 1969). The correlation between autokinesis and personality factors is not clear. Perhaps some of the differences in findings .reflected selection of subjects from hospitalized patients rather than normals. No attempts to relate perseveration, suggestibility, and oscillation traits to autokinesis have been reported, and these seem to be personality factors which might be related. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship, if any, between the autokinetic phenomenon and the personaliry factors of perseveration, suggestibility, oscillation, and the personality dimensions as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) within a group of 40 normal subjects. M.ETHoD Subjects Twenty men and 20 women who were naive about the autokinetic illusion
High Performance Solar-Blind Ultraviolet \(320 \times 256\) Focal Plane Arrays Based on Al x Ga 1- x N

We report on solar-blind ultraviolet, AlxGa1- x N-based, p-i-n, focal plane array (FPA) with 92% operability. At the peak detection wavelength of 278 nm, \(320 \times 256\) -FPA-pixel showed unbiased peak external quantum efficiency and responsivity of 49% and 109 mA/W, respectively, increasing to 66% under 5 V of reverse bias. Electrical measurements yielded a low-dark current density: \(\times \) \(10^{-9}\) A/cm \(^{2}\) , at FPA operating voltage of 2 V of reverse bias.
Probenecid inhibits the secretion of nephrogenous adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in normal man.

Nephrogenous cAMP, that fraction of urinary cAMP secreted by the kidney, is PTH dependent and is used clinically as a measure of parathyroid function. To clarify the nature of secretion of nephrogenous cAMP, probenecid, an inhibitor of organic anion transport, was administered to eight healthy young males. Nephrogenous cAMP decreased after probenecid treatment (P < 0.001), and plasma cAMP increased reciprocally (P < 0.01) so that urinary cAMP did not change. There was no change in serum PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or urinary clearance of calcium or phosphate. These results suggest that secretion of nephrogenous cAMP may be a carrier-mediated process in normal man. The effect of probenecid to increase plasma cAMP is consistent with other observations suggesting that cAMP is cleared from plasma in part by a carrier-mediated process.
Preventable Complications Driving Rising Costs in Management of Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia.

Background This study aimed to identify factors that drive increasing health-care costs associated with the management of critical limb ischemia in elective inpatients. Methods Patients with a primary diagnosis code of critical limb ischemia (CLI) were identified from the 2001–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Demographics, CLI management, comorbidities, complications (bleeding, surgical site infection [SSI]), length of stay, and median in-hospital costs were reviewed. Statistical analysis was completed using Students' t -test and Mann-Kendall trend analysis. Costs are reported in 2011 US dollars corrected using the consumer price index. Results From 2001 to 2011, there were a total of 451,823 patients who underwent open elective revascularization as inpatients for CLI. Costs to treat CLI increased by 63% ($12,560 in 2001 to $20,517 in 2011, P P P P Conclusions The cost of CLI treatment is increasing and driven by rising endovascular use, SSI, and bleeding in the in-patient population. Further efforts to reduce complications in this patient population may contribute to a reduction in health care–associated costs of treating CLI.
Kinetic self-stabilization of a stepped interface: binary alloy solidification

Abstract For growth of a vicinal face at constant velocity, the effect of anisotropic interface kinetics on morphological stability is calculated for a binary alloy. The dependence of the interface kinetic coefficient on crystallographic orientation is based on the motion and density of steps. Anisotropic kinetics give rise to traveling waves along the crystal-melt interface, and can lead to a significant enhancement of morphological stability. This self-stabilization arises because the traveling step density wave creates a concentration wave which lags the step density wave. The stability enhancement increases as the orientation approaches a singular orientation and as the solidification velocity increases. Specific calculations are carried out for germanium-silicon alloys.
New application of integral imaging

We present near-infrared (NIR) 3D sensing and reconstruction of occluded objects using synthetic aperture integral imaging (SAII). We present experiments with the NIR 3D imaging system using a radiant object. The occluded object is not observed in visible spectrum due to front obstruction. However, with 3D computational reconstruction, the NIR image of the object shows substantially reduced front obstruction.
Hot spot and trench volcano separations

It is suggested that the distribution of separations between trench volcanos located along subduction zones reflects the depth of partial melting, and that the separation distribution for hot spot volcanoes near spreading centers provides a measure of the depth of mantle convection cells. It is further proposed that the lateral dimensions of mantle convection cells are also represented by the hot-spot separations (rather than by ridge-trench distances) and that a break in the distribution of hot spot separations at 3000 km is evidence for both whole mantle convection and a deep thermal plume origin of hot spots.
In Situ Layer-by-Layer Film Formation Kinetics under an Applied Voltage Measured by Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy

Layer-by-layer (LbL) thin film assembly occurs via the alternate adsorption of positively and negatively charged macromolecular species. We investigate here the control of LbL film growth through the electric potential of the underlying substrate. We employ optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) to obtain in situ kinetic measurements of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PAH/PSS) and poly(L-lysine)/dextran sulfate (PLL/DXS) multilayer film formation in the presence of an applied voltage difference (deltaV) between the adsorbing substrate, an indium tin oxide- (ITO-) coated waveguiding sensor chip, and a parallel platinum counterelectrode. We find initial layer adsorption to be significantly enhanced by an applied potential for both polyelectrolyte systems: the mass and thickness of (positively charged) PAH and PLL layers on ITO are about 60% and 500% larger, respectively, at deltaV = 2 V than at open circuit potential (OCP), in apparent violation of electrostatics. A kinetic analysis reveals the initial attachment rate constant to decrease with voltage, in agreement with electrostatics. To reconcile these results, we propose a more coiled and loosely bound adsorbed polymer conformation at higher applied potential. Following 10 adsorption steps, the mass and thickness of a PAH/PSS film grown under deltaV = 2 V are about 15% less than those of a comparable film grown under OCP, reflecting a lower degree of complexation between adsorbing polyanions and more highly coiled adsorbed polycations. Following 14 adsorption steps, the mass and thickness of a PLL/DXS film grown under deltaV = 2 V are about 70% greater than those of a comparable film grown under OCP, reflecting the increased charge overcompensation in the initial layer. We find the scaling of film mass () with the number of adsorption steps (n) to be linear in the PAH/PSS system and exponential (i.e., approximately eyn) in the PLL/DXS system, irrespective of applied voltage. We observe to decrease with applied voltage and to exhibit a crossover to a smaller value around n = 5. Extrapolation reveals PLL/DXS multilayer films to be suppressed by increased voltage in the limit of large n: the mass of films grown at OCP and deltaV = 1 V would surpass that of a film grown under deltaV = 2 V at about the 23rd and 18th adsorption steps, respectively. The formation kinetics of PLL/DXS, but not PAH/PSS, change qualitatively under voltage: PLL adsorption is slow to reach a plateau, possibly due to the formation of secondary structure, and a decrease in film mass occurs toward the end of each DXS adsorption step, suggesting spontaneous removal of some PLL/DXS complexes from the film.
Regulation of CFTR Trafficking by Its R Domain

Phosphorylation of the R domain is required for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel gating, and cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) simulation can also elicit insertion of CFTR into the plasma membrane from intracellular compartments (Bertrand, C. A., and Frizzell, R. A. (2003) Am. J. Physiol. 285, C1–C18). We evaluated the structural basis of regulated CFTR trafficking by determining agonist-evoked increases in plasma membrane capacitance (Cm) of Xenopus oocytes expressing CFTR deletion mutants. Expression of CFTR as a split construct that omitted the R domain (Δamino acids 635–834) produced a channel with elevated basal current (Im) and no ΔIm or trafficking response (ΔCm) upon cAMP/PKA stimulation, indicating that the structure(s) required for regulated CFTR trafficking are contained within the R domain. Additional deletions showed that removal of amino acids 817–838, a 22-amino acid conserved helical region having a net charge of -9, termed NEG2 (Xie, J., Adams, L. M., Zhao, J., Gerken, T. A., Davis, P. B., and Ma, J. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 23019–23027), produced a channel with regulated gating that lacked the agonist-induced increase in CFTR trafficking. Injection of NEG2 peptides into oocytes expressing split ΔNEG2 CFTR prior to stimulation restored the agonist-evoked ΔCm, consistent with the concept that this sequence mediates the regulated trafficking event. In support of this idea, ΔNEG2 CFTR escaped from the inhibition of wild type CFTR trafficking produced by overexpression of syntaxin 1A. These observations suggest that the NEG2 region at the C terminus of the R domain allows stabilization of CFTR in a regulated intracellular compartment from which it traffics to the plasma membrane in response to cAMP/PKA stimulation.
A descriptive case series of patients with end-stage liver disease hospitalized with variceal bleeding who received pharmacologic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTEP) should be utilized in hospitalized patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD), particularly in those admitted with variceal bleeding. OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe a cohort of patients who received pharmacologic VTEP, specifically identifying the occurrence of rebleeding. DESIGN: Descriptive case series. SETTING/PATIENTS: All adult patients with ESLD admitted to an urban county teaching hospital over three years with variceal bleeding who received pharmacologic VTEP during hospitalization. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with ESLD and variceal bleeding received pharmacologic VTEP. Only 1 patient rebled after initiation of VTEP; 2 patients were diagnosed with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis while on VTEP including the 1 patient who rebled. CONCLUSIONS: VTEP was associated with an unexpectedly low incidence of recurrent bleeding in patients with ESLD and variceal bleeding. Further study may be warranted. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Direct bonding of polycarbonate orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study.

Abstract One hundred four polycarbonate brackets were bonded to extracted premolars with four direct bonding resins, coded N, D, G, and O. The procedures necessary for direct bonding of plastic brackets clinically were duplicated in vitro. The adhesion of a minimum of ten bracket/enamel interfaces per material was tested in shear after both 7 and 30 days' storage in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Preliminary characterization of the bond failures was performed at low-power magnification, but final characteristics of the fractured bonds were analyzed under the scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis of the shear strength data was carried out with the exclusion of the failures attributable to defective brackets. The results were as follows: After 7 days' storage in Ringer's solution, D and G resins showed a significantly greater shear bond strength than the N system, while system O occupied an intermediate position. D, O, and N showed a significant decrease in mean shear bond strength from 7 to 30 days, while G maintained its initial good strength through that period. In addition, it was found that EDX analysis showed only one of the four materials tested (N system) had a ceramic filler. SEM analysis revealed that most bonds which appeared to be of an adhesive nature when viewed under low magnification actually turned out to have a cohesive component when viewed under higher magnification.
Developing a Research Career Focusing on a Stigmatized and Marginalized Population: Sexual Minority Women's Drinking.

I am deeply honored to have been selected for the Betty Ford Award, an award that recognizes her contributions to the advancement of substance abuse treatment for women. Betty Ford was a woman who ...
Treatment of melanoma metastases in the brain

Melanoma is prone to spread to the brain and is the third most common source of intracranial metastasis. Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, a new focal neurologic deficit, or seizures. Contrasted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the single most valuable imaging modality. Surgical therapy is the appropriate choice for single lesions that are accessible, especially if they are causing significant mass effect or are located in the posterior fossa. Patients with several intracranial metastases who undergo resection of all lesions may have a similar prognosis to those with single resected lesion. Stereotactic radiosurgery appears to provide good local control of small lesions. External beam radiotherapy may provide some benefit to patients, and is often used in conjunction with surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery. To date, chemotherapy has been limited because of chemo-resistance and drug delivery issues. Future directions for treatment may include local sustained delivery of either chemotherapy or immunoregulatory molecules.
Estimating the Willingness to Pay to Avoid Violent Crime: A Dynamic Approach

The hedonic model, which has been used extensively in the environmental, urban, and real estate literatures, allows for the estimation of the implicit prices of housing and neighborhood attributes (such as square footage, local crime rates, and school quality), as well as households’ demand for these nonmarketed amenities. A recognized drawback of the existing hedonic literature is that the models assume a myopic decision maker, i.e., households do not look to the future when choosing where to live today. In this paper, we apply a dynamic hedonic model of demand to estimate the willingness to pay to avoid violent crime. The existing literature, based on Sherwin Rosen’s seminal 1974 paper, estimates households’ willingness to pay for a given amenity by taking advantage of the first-order conditions for utility maximization, i.e., by requiring that the marginal change in price associated with an increase in amenity consumption will be equal to the marginal utility associated with the increase. Given that these first-order conditions are derived from a myopic utility maximization problem (and not the maximization of a lifetime utility function), the traditional model will yield unbiased estimates only under the assumption that households are not forward-looking when they purchase a house. Considering the substantial transaction costs that are present in the real estate market (both monetary and psychological), this assumption is unlikely to hold in most real-world applications. Bishop and Murphy (2011) expand the existing hedonic framework by allowing households to be forward-looking with respect to the amenities of interest. In that paper, the familiar
Reduced Costs of Congenital Anomalies from Fetal Ultrasound: Are They Sufficient to Justify Routine Screening in the United States?

: No comprehensive benefit-to-cost analysis has been performed to date on a policy of routine ultrasound screening for fetal anomalies in the United States. We performed a preliminary benefit-to-cost analysis drawing upon our previous research on the cost of birth defects in the United States and upon the literature regarding (1) the sensitivity of ultrasound in detecting congenital anomalies, (2) the rate at which pregnancies are terminated upon detection of fetal anomalies, (3) the number of ultrasounds performed per pregnancy under a routine screening policy, and (4) the average cost of an ultrasound. We assumed a 100% subsequent replacement rate of terminated pregnancies with a normal child, an assumption most favorable to routine screening. The benefit-to-cost ratio ranged from .33 to 3, suggesting that a routine screening policy for fetal anomalies is of uncertain net societal benefit. Routine screening may be justified, however, based on standards that elude the methods for establishing societal benefits adopted in this analysis.
Cell replication of mesenchymal elements in adult tissues. I. The replication and migration of mesenchymal cells in the adult rabbit dermis.

Autoradiographic determination of the number and distribution of replicating mesenchymal cells in rabbit dermis was carried out using animals sacrificed between two hours and 21 days after a multiple-dose-pulse of 3H-thymidine. Initial labeling of mesenchymal cells occurred principally in a zone immediately subjacent to the germinative epithelium. This was confirmed by in vitro studies of the uptake of 3H-Tdr by rabbit skin during one hour of incubation. Five days after the in vitro pulse of 3H-Tdr there was a fifteen-fold increase in the number of labeled cells, considerable dilution of label and migration of labeled cells so that they were evenly distributed throughout the full thickness of the dermis. At 21 days the number of labeled cells was similar to that found at five days, but there was further migration of labeled cells toward the deep dermis. This tissue provides an example of appositional replication and divergent migration of an epithelial-mesenchymal system.
An Elastic Stress-Strain Relation for Sphere Arrays Undergoing Initial Stage Sintering

An analytical model for predicting the elastic constants for isotropic random sphere arrays is described. The model is based on the Hertz contact theory and accounts for the restructuring (neck growth) associated with initial stage sintering. The stress-strain relation is incremental since the stiffness depends on the loads at sphere contacts. As part of the model development, relationships are given for the elastic constants of an isotropic aggregate consisting of orthotropic parts. Predicted elastic constants are presented as functions of the neck size and hydrostatic compression, and comparisons are made with experimental data for cohesionless sphere arrays and fully restructured arrays approaching a porous body.
Diversified parameter estimation in complex networks

Parameter estimation arises in the operation of many complex networks that are comprised of multiple interdependent sub-networks. Designing parameter estimators depends strongly on the extent of information available about the dynamics of network and the correlation structure among different parameters across the networks. Motivated by the core premise that designing state estimation models become more challenging as the networks grow in scale and complexity (primarily due to increasing interconnections in complex networks) identifying the best estimation model becomes increasingly challenging. By capitalizing on the measurements diversity in the complex networks, this paper proposes a learning-based framework for 1) dynamically identifying the best estimation model from a group of candidates for each subnetwork, and 2) aggregating the local estimates in order to form a globally optimal one. The analysis reveals that the framework is capable of providing a performance that has a diminishing gap with that of the best estimation model for each subnetwork without requiring any information about network dynamics.
A plan for the delegation of epinephrine administration in nonpublic schools to unlicensed assistive personnel

Professional nurses in nonpublic schools address variables in their practice that are different from nurses in a public school setting. These may include lack of funds for full-time nursing, different educational requirements, incorporation of religious beliefs into the social milieu, and inadequate peer or union support. These variables are problematic when public law health statues require change in school/parent/student relationships. New Jersey's Public Law 1997, Chapter 368 (N.J.S.A. 18A:40-12.5 and 12.6), hereafter referred to as P.L. 1997, c. 368, was enacted because school nurses may not always be available to assess students who are experiencing severe allergic reactions. Since allergies in the school population are common and can lead to anaphylaxis which is life threatening (Smith, 1999), P.L. 1997, c. 368, requires each educational board or chief school administrator/principal of public and nonpublic schools to develop a policy governing epinephrine administration. This article describes how public health nurses, the director of public health nursing, and a faculty consultant in the Bergen County Department of Health Services worked together to produce strategies for the safe implementation of this law. These strategies may provide a template for consideration by other public health nurses who serve the student population.
Herding and the quest for credit

The system for awarding credit in science – the ‘priority rule’ – functions, I have proposed elsewhere, to bring about something close to a socially optimal distribution of scientists among scientific research programs. If all goes well, then, potentially fruitful new ideas will be explored, unpromising ideas will be ignored and fashionable but oversubscribed ideas will be deprived of further resources. Against this optimistic background, the present paper investigates the ways in which things might not go so well, that is, ways in which the priority rule might fail to realize its full potential as an incentive for scientists to work on the right things. Several possible causes of ‘herding’ – an outcome in which a single research program ends up with a number of researchers well in excess of the optimum – are considered.
Novel thermosetting resins for SMC applications from linseed oil: Synthesis, characterization, and properties

New thermosetting resins for applications of sheet-molding compounds (SMCs) were successfully synthesized from linseed oil, which is the most molecularly unsaturated of all plant oils. The carbon–carbon double bonds were opened by epoxidation, followed by acrylation, and then maleinization, which provided more crosslink sites and added acid functionality on the triglyceride molecules to develop thickening. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage modulus of these new polymers was approximately 2.5 GPa at 30°C, and the glass-transition temperature was above 100°C. During maturation the resins reached a molding viscosity quickly and stayed stable. Mechanical tests showed a flexural strength of 100 MPa and a flexural modulus of 2.8 GPa. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a single degradation ranging from 300°C–480°C, which was a result of the carbonization of the crosslinked network. These bio-based resins are promising as replacements of some petroleum-based resins in the SMC industry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Monolithic graded-refractive-index glass-based antireflective coatings: broadband/omnidirectional light harvesting and self-cleaning characteristics

A revolutionary impact on the performance of many optical systems and components can come from the integrative design of multifunctional coatings. Such coatings should be mechanically robust, and combine user-defined optical and wetting functions with scalable fabrication formulations. By taking cues from the properties of some natural biological structures, we report here the formation of low-refractive index antireflective glass films that embody omni-directional optical properties over a wide range of wavelengths, while also possessing specific wetting capabilities. The coatings comprise an interconnected network of nanoscale pores surrounded by a nanostructured silica framework. These structures result from a novel fabrication method that utilizes metastable spinodal phase separation in glass-based materials. The approach not only enables design of surface microstructures with graded-index antireflection characteristics, where the surface reflection is suppressed through optical impedance matching between interfaces, but also facilitates self-cleaning ability through modification of the surface chemistry. Based on near complete elimination of Fresnel reflections (yielding >95% transmission through a single-side coated glass) and corresponding increase in broadband transmission, the fabricated nanostructured surfaces are found to promote a general and an invaluable ∼3–7% relative increase in current output of multiple direct/indirect bandgap photovoltaic cells. Moreover, these antireflective surfaces also demonstrate superior resistance against mechanical wear and abrasion. Unlike conventional counterparts, the present antireflective coatings are essentially monolithic, enabling simultaneous realization of graded index anti-reflectivity, self-cleaning capability, and mechanical stability within the same surface. The concept represents a fundamental basis for development of advanced coated optical quality products, especially where environmental exposure is required.
MECHANISMS OF CARDIAC PAIN

Angina pectoris often results from ischemic episodes that excite chemosensitive and mechanoreceptive receptors in the heart. Ischemic episodes release a collage of chemicals, including adenosine and bradykinin, that excites the receptors of the sympathetic and vagal afferent pathways. Sympathetic afferent fibers from the heart enter the upper thoracic spinal cord and synapse on cells of origin of ascending pathways. This review focuses on the spinothalamic tract, but other pathways are excited as well. Excitation of spinothalamic tract cells in the upper thoracic and lower cervical segments, except C7 and C8 segments, contributes to the anginal pain experienced in the chest and arm. Cardiac vagal afferent fibers synapse in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the medulla and then descend to excite upper cervical spinothalamic tract cells. This innervation contributes to the anginal pain experienced in the neck and jaw. The spinothalamic tract projects to the medial and lateral thalamus and, based on positron emission tomography studies, activates several cortical areas, including the anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 24 and 25), the lateral basal frontal cortex, and the mesiofrontal cortex.
Code planning strategy for UMTS-FDD networks

In UMTS-FDD, neighbouring cells can be allocated with scrambling codes in numerous ways. These allocations, however, are not necessarily equivalent since they impose different processing requirements at the user equipment and they have different synchronisation performance. This paper tries to explore the differences among the various code planning configurations in terms of synchronisation error probability, worst case number of attempts until synchronisation acquisition, worst case required complexity and peak processing power requirements for several neighbouring cell lists with sizes from 6 to 32 cells. Based on the previous results, it provides some generic guidelines regarding the code planning strategy of the UMTS networks, which will enable the latter to operate optimally.
Race/Ethnicity Differences between Alcohol, Marijuana, and Co‐occurring Alcohol and Marijuana Use Disorders and Their Association with Public Health and Social Problems Using a National Sample

Background Alcohol and marijuana are commonly used and misused in the United States, both singly and together. Despite this, few studies examine their co-occurring use and the corresponding association with public health and other problems. Moreover, there is a lack of investigation into differences in these associations on the basis of race/ethnicity.
Sarcomas other than Kaposi's sarcoma in immunodeficiency

Background Individuals with acquired immunodeficiency are at heightened risk for multiple subtypes of cancer. Among sarcomas, increased risk in both adults and children has been identified only for Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), and in HIVinfected children for leiomyosarcoma. In contrast, broader diversity in subtypes of lymphomas and carcinomas has been reported. Sarcomas constitute <1% of all incident cancers in the general population. Modest increases in risk of rare sarcoma categories in the immunocompromised may thus be difficult to capture. We therefore reviewed published data from case reports/series to describe sarcoma subtypes in HIV-infected individuals and solid organ transplant recipients. Methods
Book Review of Learning on Other People's Kids: Becoming a Teach For America Teacher

This is a book review of Learning on Other People's Kids: Becoming a Teach For America Teacher, written by Barbara T. Veltri.
Rate of sorption of organic vapors by films of cellulose acetate

A detailed study has been made of the rate of take-up of vapors of methylene chloride and acetone by thin films of cellulose acetate (37.9% acetyl) as a function of vapor pressure, film thickness, and temperature. It was found that the method of film preparation and conditioning greatly influenced the kinetics of the take-up. Films, which were not completely dry, exhibit a much faster rate of take-up than dry films. Dry films could he obtained by either long treatment in a vacuum oven, or by water leaching followed by vacuum drying for five days. In either case, identical kinetic results are obtained. The mercury cast films used in this work give reproducible results and show a much slower rate of take-up than a comparable glass cast film. It was found that there was no fundamental difference in the rate of take-up for the vapors of methylene chloride and acetone, although in the liquid state the former is a limited swelling agent, while the latter is a solvent. For both these yapors there is a characteristic pressure above which several anomalies appear, which make a complete quantitative explanation of the data rather difficult. The most important of these anomalies is that, if one plots the amount of vapor taken up as a function of time, an inversion of slope is observed. This inversian is very marked and is a function of film thickness. Another anomaly that appears is that the absolute amount of vapor sorbed for thinner films is greater than that for thicker films for an appreciable time interval. The effect of temperature is complex. Above the pressures where the inversion of a slope occurs, the rate is lower a t higher temperatures for a considerable range of the sorption. These effects cannot be explained on the basis of a generalized diffusion equation with the boundary conditions which have been considered so far, i.e., assuming that the outer film surface is always in equilibrium with the vapor.
Surgical reduction of salivary flow in children with spastic disorders

Neurologically impaired children with orofacial dysfunction may present with problematic drooling. Surgical endeavors to control this problem have consisted of either ablating nerves leading to the salivary glands, affecting salivary drainage, or removal of the salivary glands themselves. This article compares 2 surgical approaches on the basis of parental satisfaction. The submandibular duct rerouting procedure is compared with the submandibular gland excision and sublingual gland debulking procedure. The sublingual gland debulking procedure is described and pertinent anatomy discussed. Eighteen neurologically impaired children ranging in age from 5 to 15 years of age were studied. From 1987 to 1991, 7 children underwent bilateral submandibular duct rerouting procedures. From 1991 to 1995, 11 children underwent bilateral submandibular gland excision and sublingual gland debulking procedure. Because of the parental concern about the long-term efficacy of the submandibular duct rerouting procedure in some children, the surgical approach offered to these children was changed in 1991. Four children are in the "rerouting" group and the "excision group," and therefore served as their own controls. The outcome being monitored was that of parental satisfaction and their assessment of several parameters. These assessments were obtained retrospectively at least 1 year after the surgical procedure was undertaken. Parental satisfaction was higher in the "excision" group of children as compared with the satisfaction expressed by parents in the "rerouting" group. Parameters assessed were: effectiveness of the procedure (0%–90% reduction in salivary flow), difficulty in tolerating the procedure, and willingness of the parent to have the child undergo the procedure again. On the basis of a parental-satisfaction survey, children who underwent the submandibular gland excision with the sublingual gland debulking procedure tolerated the procedure more easily, experienced greater reduction in salivary flow, and their parents were more willing to submit their child to the procedure again in comparison with the parents of children who were treated with the submandibular duct rerouting procedure.
Intermittent dynamics, strong correlations, and bit-error-rate in multichannel optical fiber communication systems

We investigate the effects of delayed Raman response on pulse dynamics in massive multichannel optical fiber communication systems. Taking into account the stochastic nature of pulse sequences in different frequency channels and the Raman induced energy exchange in pulse collisions we show that the pulse parameters exhibit intermittent dynamic behavior, and that the pulse amplitudes exhibit relatively strong and long-range correlations. Moreover, we find that the Raman-induced cross frequency shift is the main intermittency-related mechanism leading to bit pattern deterioration and evaluate the bit-error-rate of the system.
Crystal nucleation and growth in poly(ethylene terephthalate)/alumina‐nanoparticle composites

The effect of nanoparticles on nonisothermal polymer crystallization was investigated using poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanocomposites with alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles of average size 38 nm. The filler content in the nanocomposites was varied from 0 to 10 wt %. The interparticle spacing was observed to decrease (as expected) with an increase in loading of the nanoparticles. Contrary to previous reports in the literature on semicrystalline polymer-based composites with micron-size and macroscale particles, our differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray studies showed that the addition of the nanoparticles did not cause heterogeneous nucleation of PET crystals in nanocomposites containing up to 3 wt % Al2O3. This is attributed to the nanoparticle curvature being comparable to the radius of gyration of the polymer. The addition of the nanoparticles was found to disrupt the spherulitic morphology of the PET because of their physical presence and their proximity to one another. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Deformation and strain characteristics along the length of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament

Abstract Efficacious surgical treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability often requires repair of the anteroinferior capsulolabral structures, including the glenoid origin of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Rupture in this location, the Bankart lesion, may be accompanied by nonrecoverable stretching of the anterior band. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount and location of nonrecoverable stretching with tensile testing. Twelve glenoid-soft tissue-humerus complexes from fresh-frozen glenohumeral joints were studied by means of a custom jig, an Instron machine, and a video digitizing system. The joints were positioned to simulate that known to cause apprehension for anterior instability. Nonrecoverable deformation differed along the length of the anterior band but was slight in all locations. For those that failed at the glenoid insertion region, the mean nonrecoverable deformation was 0.10 ± 0.16 mm (mean ± SEM) at the bone-labral junction of the glenoid insertion region and 0.38 ± 0.23 mm at the labral-ligament junction of the glenoid insertion region. It was 0.53 ± 0.23 mm at the ligament midsubstance and 0.04 ± 0.10 mm at the humeral insertion region. For those that failed at the glenoid insertion region, the nonrecoverable stretching was 1.4% ± 1.9% at the bone-labral junction of the glenoid insertion region and 3.5% ± 2.0% at the labral-ligament junction of the glenoid insertion region. It was 2.3% ± 1.1% at the ligament midsubstance and 0.0% ± 1.4% at the humeral insertion region. Rupture of the anterior band resulted in little nonrecoverable stretching at both the site of failure and elsewhere along the length, remote from the failure site. Surgical repairs after initial dislocation may restore the length of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament with little shortening. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001;10:482-8.)
Organic/polymeric electroluminescent devices processed by hybrid ink-jet printing

Ink-jet printing (IJP) technology is a popular technology for desktop publishing. Since some of the conducting (or conjugated) organic molecules and polymers are solution processable, IJP becomes an ideal method for printing polymer/organic light-emitting diodes with high resolution. In this review article, we present the hybrid ink-jet printing technology (HIJP), which consists of an ink-jet printed layer in conjunction with another uniform spin-coated polymer layer, which serves as a buffer layer to seal the pin holes between the ink droplets. This HIJP technology has been successfully applied to the fabrication of polymer light-emitting logos, multicolor polymer/organic light-emitting diodes, and the built-in shadow mask for the cathode patterning for pixelated polymer LEDs.
What Predicts Recovery Orientation in County Departments of Mental Health? A Pilot Study

In this pilot study we examined the determinants of recovery orientation among employees and influential stakeholders in a sample of 12 county departments of mental health in California. A two-level hierarchical linear model with random intercepts was estimated. Analyses show that recovery orientation has a U-shaped relationship with the age of staff/influential stakeholders and is negatively related to the difference between the desired level of adhocracy and the current level of adhocracy. Recovery orientation is positively related to the education level of staff/influential stakeholders, satisfying transformational leadership outcomes, and larger mental health budgets per capita. Policy implications are discussed.
3-D Reconstruction from Sparse Views using Monocular Vision

We consider the task of creating a 3-d model of a large novel environment, given only a small number of images of the scene. This is a difficult problem, because if the images are taken from very different viewpoints or if they contain similar-looking structures, then most geometric reconstruction methods will have great difficulty finding good correspondences. Further, the reconstructions given by most algorithms include only points in 3-d that were observed in two or more images; a point observed only in a single image would not be reconstructed. In this paper, we show how monocular image cues can be combined with triangulation cues to build a photo-realistic model of a scene given only a few images-even ones taken from very different viewpoints or with little overlap. Our approach begins by over-segmenting each image into small patches (superpixels). It then simultaneously tries to infer the 3-d position and orientation of every superpixel in every image. This is done using a Markov random field (MRF) which simultaneously reasons about monocular cues and about the relations between multiple image patches, both within the same image and across different images (triangulation cues). MAP inference in our model is efficiently approximated using a series of linear programs, and our algorithm scales well to a large number of images.
Macromolecule Structure Refinement by Relaxation Matrix Analysis of 2D NOE Spectra: Effect of Differential Internal Motion on Internuclear Distance Determination in Proteins

Interproton distances obtained from NMR experiments are used to determine the high-resolution structure of biopolymers. The accuracy of internuclear distances extracted from proton homonuclear 2D NOE spectra can be improved by using a complete relaxation matrix analysis, taking into account all proton dipole-dipole interactions as well as internal motions. The effect of internal motion on interproton distances, determined from the 2D NOE cross-peak intensities, has been examined using a new version of the mardigras program, which iteratively determines interproton distances from experimental 2D NOE peak intensities using the complete relaxation matrix. The internal motion has been specified by the ‘model-free’ approach in terms of an overall correlation time, local correlation times, and order parameters. Using a simulation for the 58-residue protein bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), it is shown that if the local order parameter and correlation time for a given residue differ substantially (but within the experimentally determined range of values) from the average order parameter and correlation time, the error in the interproton distance may be as large as 0.6 A.
Stratigraphic evaluation of reservoir and seal in a natural CO2 field Lower Paleozoic, Moxa Arch, southwest Wyoming

The Moxa Arch in the Greater Green River Basin, southwestern Wyoming, hosts two potential reservoirs for CO2 sequestration. The Bighorn Dolomite and Madison Limestone are interpreted to be independent reservoirs based on differing CO2 compositions and production histories; the two reservoirs are separated by Devonian carbonates, siliciclastic rocks, and evaporites. On the Moxa Arch, the Bighorn ranges in thickness from 67 to 120 m with porosities from 3 to 15 percent. The massive buff-colored Steamboat Point Member comprises the bulk of the subsurface Bighorn in southwest Wyoming. Mottled dolostone (light-colored patches with higher porosity and dark-colored patches with lower porosity) is very common and is presumably the result of preferential early dolomitization of bioturbation. Core study suggests that this factor affects gas saturation and storage in this extensive reservoir. The Lower Member of the Jefferson Formation is the most probable seal within the Devonian stratigraphy. Strata of this member are interpreted to have been deposited in a shallow basin semi-isolated from the deeper marine environment to the west. 87Sr/86Sr isotopic analyses of anhydrite sampled from Moxa Arch well cuttings support the interpretation of a depositional environment exposed to a mixture of seawater and freshwater. High-frequency relative sea level fluctuations superimposed on a gently sloping shelf produced alternating layers of marine carbonates, peritidal siliciclastic rocks, and evaporites. The evaporites are interpreted to seal CO2 in the Bighorn Dolomite from the overlying Madison Limestone. The Lower Paleozoic strata on the Moxa Arch provide an effective trap-reservoir-seal combination for naturally occurring CO2 with potential applications to future studies at analogous locations in the central Rocky Mountain Region.
A Comparison of the 3 H Glucose Tolerance Test and the 2 H Value in Identifying Risk for Excessive Fetal Growth

The objective of this study was to determine if the 2 h value of the glucose tolerance test (GTT) is as reliable as the complete GTT in identifying risk for excessive fetal growth. Five hundred eighty-eight patients underwent a 3 h oral GTT at 26-28 weeks' gestation. The 2 h value of the test was compared to the results of the GTT. The incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) infants was compared for patients who had an abnormal GTT or an abnormal 2 h value only. A normal 2 h value was associated with a normal GTT in 98.5% of cases, while an abnormal 2 h value was associated with an abnormal GTT in 70% of cases. An abnormal GTT was associated with a 22% incidence of LGA, while a 2 h value > or = 165 mgm/dl was associated with a 20% incidence of LGA. This difference was not statistically significant. A single 2 h value GTT is more cost-effective and as predictive as a complete 3 h GTT in identifying risk for excessive fetal growth.
MEMS Lubrication: An Atomistic Perspective of a Bound + Mobile Lubricant

The adhesive pressure needed to separate two ocatdecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) coated surfaces both with and without the addition of tricresyl phosphate (TCP) as a function of separation rate is characterized using molecular dynamics simulation. The simulations predict that when TCP is added between surfaces the adhesive pressure needed for separation is reduced compared to the system containing ODTS only. Both the adhesive pressure and the break up of the TCP layers exhibit a separation rate dependence that appears unrelated to the rate of diffusion of TCP on the ODTS. The ability of the TCP to remain localized to defected areas of the ODTS layer upon normal separation of the contact is also characterized. It is found that the TCP remains localized to defect sites, which effectively coats the damaged area.
Normally-off GaN-on-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor with 600-V blocking capability at 200 °C

We report a GaN-on-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MISFET) with normally-off operation and 600-V blocking capability at 200 °C temperature. The temperature-dependences of threshold voltage, on-resistance, and leakage characteristics are discussed.