cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
207 GLYCONJUGATES IN THE ESOPHAGEAL STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.

Introduction The stratified squamous epithelium plays an important role in protecting the tissue from acid reflux. It has three layers of cells: (1) the stratum germinativum, the cells of which divide and differentiate as they move upward toward the lumen to form the (2) stratum spinosum, and (3) the stratum corneum. Glycosylation is a very important determinant of biochemical and biologic properties of cell surface glycoproteins. Lectins can recognize specific carbohydrate residues on the cell membranes and have been used to study carbohydrate contents in several preparations. Methods We have studied the lectin binding profile on tissue sections of squamous epithelia from human biopsies and from pig esophagi. We have found that the binding to a specific lectin is heterogeneous in the three layers of the mucosa depending on the lectin used. We have used wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA). Results The basal layer of cells did not show binding to the lectins. The stratum spinosum and corneum showed different intensities of staining to different lectins showing the presence of specific sugars in the different layers of the tissue. Conclusion α-l-fucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine residues are present in the stratum spinosum and corneum of the esophagus. Their presence could not be detected in the basal cells. The role of these sugar moieties in the structure and function of the mucosa remains to be determined. Support: VA Merit grant.
Noncombatant Immunity and the Ethics of Blockade

ABSTRACTThis article counters Michael Walzer's argument against tight blockades. It shows that the interdiction of food shipments need not violate the principle of noncombatant immunity. Whether it...
“When You Care Enough to Send the Very Best”: Examining the Person-Centered Quality of Message Features Provided in Sympathy Cards

Sympathy cards are a popular channel by which grief support is communicated. In order to better understand the supportive messages used in sympathy cards, a content analysis was performed. The mess...
TeamX integrative oncology scholars: Harnessing the potentials of students in shaping oncological care.

10516Background: Teams are critical in delivering patient-centered care amid the challenge of health care workforce shortages. While conventional team-based collaborative care model involves physic...
Education for the Diverse Aging Community, Caregivers, and Their Healthcare Providers

Date Presented 04/04/19 This abstract discusses the design and results of an interprofessional education (IPE) program for community members, caregivers, and healthcare providers (HCP). Education focused on fall prevention, home modifications, and the role of rehabilitation in geriatric oncology. Knowledge change was assessed by pre-post surveys. Results show significant improvement on knowledge change and intended behavior for all three audiences. Continued training efforts are necessary for broader dissemination. Primary Author and Speaker: Chrysanne Karnick Contributing Authors: Natalie Gangai, Rosario Costas Muniz, Ruth Manna, Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki
Toward production operator 4.0: modelling Human-Machine Cooperation in Industry 4.0 with Cognitive Work Analysis

Abstract The integration of Industry 4.0 technologies must consider the place of the operator in the production. In this paper, we adopt a human-machine cooperation perspective for modelling operator 4.0 in industrial systems. Our approach is supported by Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) method. We used three phases of the CWA: Work Domain Analysis (WDA), Control Task Analysis (ConTA), and Social Organization and Cooperation Analysis (SOCA), to model the functional and cognitive constraints as well as the function allocation. The paper especially uses two modeling tools - Abstraction Hierarchy and Decision Ladder - that could support the positioning and the design of Technology 4.0-based assistance systems. This model is applied to the specific activity of orders picking. This activity integrates both function of planning and organization of the different production lots and these functions can be shared between order picker 4.0 and specific Industry 4.0 technologies.
Feline pancreatic ducts are consistently identified on CT and more likely to be dilated in the body of pancreas in cats with elevated feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity.

Feline pancreatitis is a challenge to diagnose and no previously published study has described the CT characteristics of the pancreatic duct (PD) in cats. The current prospective analytical study was performed to identify and describe the CT characteristics of the PD in normal cats and to compare that to those cats with an elevated feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI). Contrast-enhanced CT was performed in 16 normal cats and 13 cats with an elevated fPLI. Two ACVR-certified radiologists blinded to the fPLI status assessed whether or not the PD could be identified, contrast phase during which the PD was most conspicuous, and PD shape in the body, right and left lobes. A second-year radiology resident blinded to the fPLI status measured maximum PD diameter and PD:parenchyma. The PD was identified in 84 of 87 pancreatic segments, which was most conspicuous in the portal phase in 28 of 29 cats. The PD shape was tubular (48/84), tapered (34/84), or beaded (2/84) with no significant difference (P = 1.0 to .1615) between groups. Mean maximal PD diameters of normal cats were 1.5-1.7 mm, which was significantly larger in the body of the pancreas in cats with an elevated fPLI (2.4 mm, P = .0313). Mean PD:parenchyma was not significantly different between groups (P = .2001 to .949). In conclusion, the feline PD can be consistently identified on CT, for which the portal phase is preferred. Cats with an elevated fPLI are more likely to exhibit dilation of the PD in the body of the pancreas on CT.
Risk‐Standardizing Rates of Return of Spontaneous Circulation for In‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest to Facilitate Hospital Comparisons

Background Sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is the most proximal and direct assessment of acute resuscitation quality in hospitals. However, validated tools to benchmark hospital ...
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Health-Care Workforce: from Heroes to Zeroes?

The economic impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reaches far beyond the business of nuclear medicine and radiology ([1][1]–[3][2]). The U.S. health-care economy was projected to suffer dramatic financial losses totaling more than $200 billion just for the 4 mo from March through June
Neuroanatomical dissociations of syntax and semantics revealed by lesion-symptom mapping

In the early and mid 1800s, scientists debated whether the human brain was functionally differentiated with respect to cognition. The issue was largely resolved when specific language impairments were identified following focal patterns of brain damage. However, neuroimaging has revived this discussion, as many studies find similar syntactic and semantic effects across the set of brain regions implicated in language. Here we address this modern debate using lesion-symptom mapping in two large, partially-overlapping groups of people with left hemisphere brain damage due to stroke (N=121, N=92). We identified multiple measure by region interaction effects, associating damage to the posterior middle temporal gyrus with syntactic comprehension deficits, damage to posterior inferior frontal gyrus with expressive agrammatism, and damage to inferior angular gyrus with semantic category word fluency deficits. Our results are inconsistent with recent hypotheses that regions of the language network play similar roles in high-level linguistic processing.
Nanoscale Barrier Layers to Enable the Use of Gallium-Based Thermal Interface Materials with Aluminum

Performance of thermal interface materials (TIMs), such as thermal pastes and mats, hinders the advance of integrated circuit (IC) devices. Current state-of-the-art TIMs suffer from low thermal conductivity, thick cross sections, and poor long-term performance. Gallium (Ga) and gallium-based alloys and amalgamations, in liquid and solid form, have demonstrated up to three times greater thermal conductivity than conventional TIMs, but rapidly alloy with and destroy aluminum (Al) components, which are commonly found in IC devices. In this work, we investigate the use of thin-film barrier layers on Al to prevent Ga alloying and characterize their performance through accelerated Ga exposure experiments and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that 100-nm-thick layers of the common passivation materials niobium and 304 stainless steel do not sufficiently prohibit Ga migration, but a 100 nm layer of titanium (Ti) does. No alloying is evident in Ti-coated Al samples after exposure to a liquid Ga alloy droplet at 300 °C for 168 h, 250 thermal cycles from room temperature to 150 °C with 30-min dwell, or 50 thermal cycles from room temperature to 300 °C with 2-min dwell. The results present a clear and direct path to the use of Ga and Ga alloys as TIMs through the addition of a thin inexpensive barrier layer on Al components and may enable future IC device technologies.
Internarrativity and ecce homo: A Masterplot Underlying Zechariah 6.9-15 and 1 Samuel 9.1–11.15 and its Function in John 19.1-16:

Whereas scholars’ methodological assumptions about NT texts’ evocation of Israel’s scripture vary, the plausibility and significance of multivalent allusions need to be examined. The ecce homo stat...
A linear hypergraph extension of the bipartite Turán problem

Abstract An r -uniform hypergraph is linear if every two edges intersect in at most one vertex. Given a family of r -uniform hypergraphs F , the linear Turan number ex r l i n ( n , F ) is the maximum number of edges of a linear r -uniform hypergraph on n vertices that does not contain any member of F as a subhypergraph. Given a graph F and a positive integer r ≥ 2 , the r -expansion of F is the r -graph F + obtained from F by enlarging each edge of F with r − 2 new vertices disjoint from V ( F ) such that distinct edges of F are enlarged by distinct vertices. For t ≥ s ≥ 2 , we prove the following extension of Kővari–Sos–Turan’s theorem e x r l i n ( n , K s , t + ) ≤ ( t − 1 ) 1 s r ( r − 1 ) ⋅ n 2 − 1 s + O ( n 2 − 2 s ) . Specially, for s = 2 , r = 3 , we prove that e x 3 l i n ( n , K 2 , t + ) = 1 + o t ( 1 ) 1 6 t − 1 ⋅ n 3 ∕ 2 , which is an improvement of Gerbner, Methuku and Vizer’s result (Gerbner et al., 2019). Moreover, we also prove some sharp bounds for the linear Turan number of K s , t + .
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual International Students Transitions Conceptualized Using Relational-Cultural Theory: A Phenomenological Study

The purpose of this phenomenological inquiry is to describe the experiences of LGB IS through the lens of relational-cultural theory. Eight LGB IS from the Southwest region of the United States agr...
Bicycle Level of Service: Proposed Updated Pavement Quality Index:

The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) employs a simple five-point system to assess the quality of bikeway pavement as part of the comprehensive bicycle level of service (LOS) evaluation. Unfortunately,...
Physical Therapy Evaluation and Rehabilitation: Pre- and Post-reconstructive Plastic Surgery for Pressure Ulcer

How an individual moves or does not move, the environment in which he/she moves, and the qualities of this movement can all have an impact on individual’s skin. Physical therapy involves the study of movement and factors that may enhance or decrease functional movement. In the rehabilitation of myocutaneous flap surgery patients, physical therapy is a beneficial member of the rehabilitation team. A physical therapist should be involved from preop to post-op and discharge home. This chapter will look at the role of physical therapy in the pressure ulcer management program at Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center in Downey, California.
PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS FUNCTION IN THE LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT |[lpar]|LBW|[rpar]| WITH INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE |[lpar]|IC|[rpar]|

The incidence of hypothyroxinemia low serum thyroxine(T4) and normal serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the LBW with an IC is significantly greater than in the LBW without IC. The significance of this observation is not clear. The purpose of the study was to assess pituitary-thyroid axis function in the LBW with IC by examining the pituitary and thyroid gland response to thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH).
Using Social Network Analysis to Understand Missouri's System of Public Health Emergency Planners:

Objectives.Effective response to large-scale public health threats requires well-coordinated efforts among individuals and agencies. While guidance is available to help states put emergency plannin...
Mixed immunobullous disorder most consistent with the IgA-form of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.

Abstract We describe a case of non-scarring, generalized, cutaneous and mucosal subepidermal bullous dermatosis that is characterized histopathologically by a neutrophilic infiltrate and strong linear staining with both IgA and IgG along the basement-membrane zone. Autoantibodies to collagen VII of both the IgA and IgG4 subtypes were detected by indirect immunofluorescence test, which led led to a diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa aquisita (EBA). EBA is a subepidermal bullous disorder that is mediated by autoantibodies, which are directed against type VII collagen. The distinct clinical presentations of EBA are reviewed and discussed in the context of the unique autoantibody profile of this case.
Stable Heating and Burn Simulations of a Reversed-Field Pinch Reactor

The reversed-field pinch provides three significant advantages as a fusion reactor: it can be ohmically heated, it operates at high ..beta.., and it is not restricted to a small aspect ratio. Experimentally, the best understood startup scenarios are self reversal, aided reversal and fast-field programming. On the basis of results from a one-dimensional transport and stability code, an ideal MHD stable startup and burn procedure is described in this paper. Pitch programming and a gas feed at the wall are used. This adiabatic startup is characterized by a high pitch near the minor axis and hollow current and pressure profiles. Ideally, it would be possible to have a reactor startup and burn without highly turbulent processes to deposit excessive amounts of energy on the wall Potential problems of resistive instabilities and plasma-wall interactions are discussed.
Self‐efficacy as a unifying construct in nursing‐social work collaboration with vulnerable populations

WASHINGTON OGM and MOXLEY DP. Nursing Inquiry 2013; 20: 42–50 Self-efficacy as a unifying construct in nursing-social work collaboration with vulnerable populations The authors consider self-efficacy practice as an organizing construct guiding nursing–social work action research in partnership with older homeless and formerly homeless African-American women. The authors, both academics who together have worked with members of this vulnerable population for a decade and a half, report on their unifying action research perspective immersed in self-efficacy theory. We examine how our adaptations of Bandura’s classic four sources of self-efficacy form a distinctive intervention practice designed to help older African-American women emerge from homelessness. We amplify the incorporation of the four sources (vicarious experience and exposure to powerful role models, emotional arousal and accompanying catharsis, verbal persuasion, and role performance) into a grand strategy useful in working collaboratively with members of vulnerable populations, so they can achieve outcomes that improve their functional health, well-being and ultimately their quality of life.
Cine y arquetipos en la didáctica de E/LE

Conocer una lengua necesariamente implica tambien conocer la cultura en la queesa lengua se produce. En otras palabras, la competencia linguistica esta plenamentegarantizada cuando se alcanza cierto grado de competencia cultural. Tal y comoestablecimos en una experiencia practica anterior sobre cine, trabajar con muestras deconversacion real es apostar por el exito pedagogico ya que dicho material nos permiteacceder a elementos contextualizados, verbales y no verbales que, en definitiva, son losque van a asegurar la plena adecuacion comunicativa (Guitart, 2007). Es, en estesentido, en el que volvemos a confirmar que la adecuacion linguistica solo es posiblecuando el aprendizaje parte de la explotacion de materiales con un alto componentecultural, como el que nos vuelve a ofrecer la gran pantalla.
Concurrent Herpes Simplex Viral Lymphadenitis and Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract We report a case of localized herpes simplex virus lymphadenitis in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). A 43-year-old woman with a 2-month history of lymphadenitis and peripheral lymphocytosis received a diagnosis of stage IV MCL based on histologic, flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical findings. One week after completion of chemotherapy, she presented with rapidly enlarging bilateral cervical lymph nodes, a retropharyngeal mass, and incipient respiratory compromise. Multiple biopsies of the cervical nodes and oropharynx that were submitted for morphologic, flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical studies revealed involvement by MCL with superimposed herpes simplex virus lymphadenitis. The recognition of herpes simplex virus infection with MCL is important for treatment as well as to rule out transformation of MCL to a higher-grade lesion.
THERMOHALINE EFFECTS IN THE OCEAN CIRCULATION AND RELATED SIMPLE MODELS

The discovery at the end of last century that small year-to-year variations in the temperature and salinity affected the “herring periods” played an important role for the development of physical oceanography in Scandinavia. Helland-Hansen, Nansen, Ekman and their collaborators in the “Bergen School” developed the instruments needed to measure these and other oceanographic parameters of interest with the required accuracy. They also developed the theoretical tools by help of which the ocean currents could be calculated from the measured temperature and salinity fields, in particular the so-called “dynamic method”.
An Interpolation in some MSS. of the Bṛhatkathāmañjarī

At the end of their edition of K's Brhatkathā-manjarī ( Kāvyamālā 69) Śivadatta and Parab print an appendix of 78 ślokas , which purports to be the twenty-fourth story of the Vetālapancavimśati. It was not found in their MSS. but was supplied to them by T. S. KuppūsvāmĪ from a Tanjore MS. Speyer in his “Studies about the Kathāsaritsāgara” ( Verh. d. K. Ak. v. Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Afd. Lett. , N.R. viii, 5, p. 14, n. 1) says that he has “a strong presumption that this portion does not belong to the work of K”. That such is the case can be proved conclusively.
Interleukin-1β Promotes Ovarian Tumorigenesis through a p53/NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Stromal Fibroblasts

Cancer has long been considered a disease that mimics an “unhealed wound,” with oncogene-induced secretory activation signals from epithelial cancer cells facilitating stromal fibroblast, endothelial, and inflammatory cell participation in tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanisms that orchestrate cooperative interaction between malignant epithelium and the stroma remain largely unknown. Here, we identified interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as a stromal-acting chemokine secreted by ovarian cancer cells, which suppresses p53 protein expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Elevated expression of IL-1β and cognate receptor IL-1R1 in ovarian cancer epithelial cells and CAFs independently predicted reduced overall patient survival, as did repressed nuclear p53 in ovarian CAFs. Knockdown of p53 expression in ovarian fibroblasts significantly enhanced the expression and secretion of chemokines IL-8, growth regulated oncogene-alpha (GRO-α), IL-6, IL-1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), significantly increased in vivo mouse xenograft ovarian cancer tumor growth, and was entirely dependent on interaction with, and transcriptional up-regulation of, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65. Our results have uncovered a previously unrecognized circuit whereby epithelial cancer cells use IL-1β as a communication factor instructing stromal fibroblasts through p53 to generate a protumorigenic inflammatory microenvironment. Attenuation of p53 protein expression in stromal fibroblasts generates critical protumorigenic functionality, reminiscent of the role that oncogenic p53 mutations play in cancer cells. These findings implicate CAFs as an important target for blocking inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and reducing tumor growth.
Simulating the global human expansion in the LatePleistocene

Abstract A computer model of human population dynamics is used to study the migration of the first modem humans across the world in the Late Pleistocene. An African origin for modern humans is found to be consistent with archaeological data on the time of arrival of humans in Europe, Australia and the New World. The quantitative model allows for a more precise discussion of human origins and it can be modified and extended as new data and new questions arise.
Heart Damage Associated With Cooked Meat Mutagens

Mutagenic heterocyclic amines are produced during the ordinary cooking of meats and fish. When metabolically activated, heterocyclic amines will form covalent adducts with DNA, which, if not repaired, may affect the flow of genetic information in a cell. It has been proposed previously that heterocyclic amine mutagens contribute to the incidence of dietary-related cancers because they cause somatic cell mutations and induce tumors in rodents and nonhuman primates. Recent work has shown that some cooked food mutagens preferentially produce DNA damage in heart cells, DNA adduct levels are directly related to dose and duration of mutagen exposure, the dietary damage persists for long intervals in cardiac tissue, and mitochondrial DNA is more vulnerable than nuclear DNA to these mutagens. Because cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated cells that have lost their ability to divide, the capacity to repair DNA damage is a critical factor in the proper function of cardiomyocytes, and cardiac myocytes seem to have limited DNA repair capabilities. DNA damage formed by dietary components, such as heterocyclic amines, might accumulate with time because of inefficient repair and thereby affect heart cell function or viability. The possibility that dietary habits play a role in idiopathic cardiomyopathies and congestive heart disease should be explored in greater depth.
A (p, V, T) study of tetramethylsilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, and toluene from 423 to 573 K in the vapor phase

A Kay-type apparatus was used to measure (p, V, T) of gaseous tetramethylsilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, and toluene from about 423 K to 573 K. Second virial coefficients were computed for all temperatures. No experimental (p, V, T) values are reported in the literature for octamethyltrisiloxane. The present measurements constitute a significant extension of available results for hexamethyldisiloxane, since the only previous values were for lower temperatures. The results for tetramethylsilane resolved a conflict concerning the second virial coefficient. The results for toluene confirmed previous reports and served, along with the tetramethylsilane values, to verify our experimental and calculational procedures. Agreement of the second virial coefficients with existing literature values is satisfactory.
A comparison of the pharmacology of two potent analgesic agents, piminodine (Win 14,098-2) and Win 13,797, with morphine and meperidine.

Abstract The toxic and lethal effects of piminodine and Win 13,797 were studied in mice, dogs, and monkeys. The analgesic actions of both drugs were tested in mice and rats and were found to be more potent than morphine. Vascular studies on pimincdine and Win 13,797 have shown peripheral vasodilation and acute vascular tolerance to the hypotensive effect in dogs with partial crossed tolerance to morphine. Dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital were sensitive to the respiratory depressant actions of these drugs. Nalorphine readily antagonizes this respiratory depression. Piminodine and Win 13,797 are myocardial depressants on the dog heart-lung preparation and the cat papillary muscle, but only in doses or concentrations much higher than would be used therapeutically. The actions of piminodine and Win 13,797 on the isolated rabbit jejunal segment are minimal. The qualitative actions of piminodine and Win 13,797 on EEG effects in dogs with chronically implanted electrodes were like those of morphine. Quantitatively, Win 13,797 was equipotent to morphine, and piminodine one-half as effective. Studies on single-dose suppression in monkey and primary physical dependence in dogs and monkeys indicate that piminodine and Win 13,797 have high addiction liability at least in these species. Nearly all the administered piminodine or Win 13,797 is altered chemically when injected into dogs. There is no evidence for marked local tissue deposition for either drug.
Reducing pain from heel lances in neonates following education on oral sucrose

Background Heel lances are common painful procedures performed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Upon observation, pain relieving methods were not consistently applied during such procedures in our institution. Objective The objective of this three-phase quality improvement project was to improve pain management for heel lance-induced pain in the NICU. Setting This study took place in a 27-bed NICU in a level IV perinatal regional center at a 591 bed university affiliated teaching hospital in New York, United States. Method Study Phase 1, involving 25 neonates, documented baseline pain management strategies and pain scores, which were measured before, during, and after heel lancing using the Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS). In Study Phase 2, nurses and physicians were educated on the use of sucrose and non-pharmacological measures to prevent and manage heel lance-induced pain. Study Phase 3 (Post education evaluation), had the same procedure as Study Phase 1, and involved another host of 25 neonates. Main outcome measure Pain scores were compared in groups of neonates in Phase 1 (before education) and Phase 3 (after education) before, during and after heel lancing. Other outcome measures included quantifying the use of sucrose and documenting any adverse effects. Results We found an 84 % increase in the use of sucrose post-education (Phase 3), and most importantly, an 11.2 % reduction in pain scores from heel lances in neonates. Four neonates who did not receive sucrose in Phase 3 had higher pain scores during heel lancing than those who did (3.5 and 2.38, respectively). There were no adverse effects reported with sucrose. Conclusion Health care providers were aware of sucrose but were not using this treatment modality, despite its availability on nursing units. Education was effective in the adoption of sucrose use, leading to a reduction in pain from heel lances in neonates.
Behavioral and biochemical studies of the scopolamine-induced reversal of neuroleptic activity.

Scopolamine reversed the reduction in avoidance responding caused by spiperone and antagonized the inhibitory effects of spiperone on the behavioral actions of d-amphetamine or apomorphine. Scopolamine-induced locomotor activity was greater in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated animals than in controls. This increase was prevented by administration of α-methyltyrosine, but not by inhibition of dopamine-β-hydroxylase, indicating that this action of scopolamine was associated with presynaptic dopaminergic fibers. Therefore, the possibility that pre-synaptic dopaminergic function was the locus of the antagonism of spiperone by scopolamine was examined using drug interaction studies in 6-OHDA-treated rats. However, when 6-OHDA-treated rats were given α-methyltyrosine, scopolamine still reversed the spiperone blockade of apomorphine-induced locomotion. Although these data provided evidence for a post-synaptic action for this cholinergic blocking agent, scopolamine affected neither dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity nor 3H-spiperone binding in vitro. Furthermore, scopolamine did not alter the level of specific 3H-spiperone binding found in brain after in vivo administration. This suggests that the postsynaptic mechanism affected by scopolamine is different from the site affected by spiperone. Thus, it is concluded that scopolamine can affect both pre- or post-synaptic events associated with dopaminergic function and that both may contribute to the reversal of the actions of spiperone.
Traditional pest control in Ecuador: effects of castor leaves on Coleoptera pests in corn

Abstract Small‐scale farmers in northern Ecuador, at an elevation of 2500 m, place leaves of castor beans (Ricinus communis) in germinating corn fields to reduce two Coleoptera pest species (Pseudothinobatis rufinasus (Kirsch), Tenebrionidae, and an unknown genus, subfamily Naupactini, Curculionidae). The objective of this study was to determine how P. rufinasus is affected by castor leaves. In a preference study under laboratory conditions, P. rufinasus preferred castor leaves to leaves of corn, cabbage or paper, yet they did not appear to consume the castor. Approximately 80% of the beetles associated with castor. leaves for 12 h or more exhibited paralysis. In the laboratory, castor leaves were not directly lethal to P. rufinasus. Similar levels of mortality occurred when beetles were kept in vials with the test materials for 10 days. In the field, castor leaves were placed between rows of recently planted corn, as local farmers do. Mortality of P. rufinasus collected from exposed leaves was compared t...
Adaptive spatial partitioning and refinement for overset structured grids

The need for adaptive refinement for unsteady aerodynamic applications that may involve relative motion between configuration components is recognized. An efficient means of adaptive refinement within systems of overset structured grids is presented. Problem domains are segregated into near-body and off-body fields. Near-body fields are discretized via overlapping body-fitted grids that extend a short distance from body surfaces. Off-body fields are discretized via systems of overlapping uniform Cartesian (structured) grids of varying levels of refinement. A novel method of adaptive spatial partitioning and refinement that is responsive to evolving off-body flow dynamics and proximity of moving solid bodies is described. Computational advantages of structured data are reviewed. Properties of uniform Cartesian grids that lead to substantial computational advantages are identified. A grid component grouping algorithm is presented. Formal accuracy of the method is considered. The method is demonstrated for three-dimensional unsteady viscous flow applications of practical relevance.
Snail Represses the Splicing Regulator Epithelial Splicing Regulatory Protein 1 to Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a tightly regulated process that is critical for development, is frequently re-activated during cancer metastasis and recurrence. We reported previously that CD44 isoform switching is critical for EMT and showed that the splicing factor ESRP1 inhibits CD44 isoform switching during EMT. However, the mechanism by which ESRP1 is regulated during EMT has not been fully understood. Here we show that the transcription repressor Snail binds to E-boxes in the ESRP1 promoter, causing repression of the ESRP1 gene. Biochemically, we define the mechanism by which ESRP1 regulates CD44 alternative splicing: ESRP1 binds to the intronic region flanking a CD44 variable exon and causes increased variable exon inclusion. We further show that ectopically expressing ESRP1 inhibits Snail-induced EMT, suggesting that down-regulation of ESRP1 is required for function by Snail in EMT. Together, these data reveal how the transcription factor Snail mediates EMT through regulation of a splicing factor.
Rod-cone interaction in flicker perimetry: evidence for a distal retinal locus

The luminance threshold for the detection of 25 Hz flicker was measured in nine patients with retinal disorders under stimulus conditions that have been shown previously to involve an interaction between rod and cone systems. The disorders studied included congenital stationary nightblindness, X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, hereditary dominant optic atrophy, optic atrophy found in association with neurofibromatosis, retinitis pigmentosa, choroideremia, and an acquired diffuse photoreceptor disorder, all of which involve pathologic changes that are presumed to occur primarily at specific levels of the retina. The results are consistent with a distal (outer) retinal locus for the rod-cone interaction.
GC/MS and sensory analysis of volatiles from three cultivars of Capsicum

Abstract Volatiles from three cultivars of Capsicum annuum —Jalapeno, Anaheim and Fresno—were analyzed by GC (gas chromatography) and by an experienced panel of judges. The Jalapeno volatiles were further measured by MS (mass spectroscopy) and by sniffing of the GC eluate. Agitation of the chopped, fresh fruit by swirling of the container increased nasal irritation, which interfered with descriptive analysis of the aroma. Without agitation, varietal differences were more apparent. Discriminating terms included ‘rose’ for Jalapeno > Fresno > Anaheim, ‘grassy’ for Anaheim > Fresno and Jalapeno and ‘garbanzo beans’ for Anaheim > Fresno and Jalapeno. All varieties possessed aromas described as green, green-vegetable, floral and apple. GC and GC/MS analyses indicated the presence of esters, alcohols, ketones and pyrazines which have been described previously as having green, fruity and floral aromas. Several monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were tentatively identified. ‘Green-like’ terms were used almost exclusively when sniffing of the GC eluates from Jalapeno. ‘Green pepper’ frequently was used to describe volatiles in the retention index range where the 2-alkyl-3-methoxypyrazines would be expected to elute. Absence of floral- or apple-like aromas, similar to those perceived in the fresh fruit, may have been due to separation of compounds which interact to create these qualities, or to changes attributable to the extraction procedures.
What is the prevalence of hypertrophic scarring following burns

Hypertrophic scarring after burns remains a major problem and is considered to be "common". Pressure garments are commonly used as treatment even though there is little sound data that they reduce the prevalence or magnitude of the scarring. In 1999 we began a study of the efficacy of pressure garments on forearm burns. After studying 30 patients, mainly white adults, we found no hypertrophic scar in either those treated with pressure or without. This prompted us to review the literature on the prevalence of hypertrophic scarring after burns and found only four articles with a relatively small number of patients and only three geographical locations. It became clear that the prevalence of hypertrophic scarring is really unknown. We then did a retrospective study of 110 burn survivors and counted all hypertrophic scars of all sizes and locations in all races and found the prevalence hypertrophic scarring to be 67% which conflicts with the published reports and our prospective study and suggests that further research is necessary. We concluded that a worldwide, prospective survey is necessary to establish the prevalence of hypertrophic scarring after burns. In this article we are calling for and offering to organize this survey.
The optical properties of evaporated gold in the vacuum ultraviolet from 300 Å to 2 000 Å

The reflectance and optical constants of evaporated gold films were measured in the vacuum ultraviolet from 300 A to 2 000 A. The optical constants were determined from reflectance measurements made at various angles of incidence. In contrast to aluminium, gold shows little change in reflectance after deposition in vacuum and during exposure to air. Due to interference, semitransparent films of about 150 A on glass show the highest reflectance at most wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet.
Effect of glutathione levels on aflatoxin B1-DNA binding in livers and kidneys of male rats and hamsters pretreated with buthionine sulfoximine and diethylmaleate

The effects of pretreatment of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) alone or in combination with diethylmaleate (DEM) on glutathione (GSH) levels and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA binding have been examined in livers and kidneys of young male Fischer rats and Syrian golden hamsters 2 h after an intraperitoneal injection of [3H]AFB1 (0.4 mg/kg body wt.). Animals were treated with BSO (4 mmol/kg body wt.) alone at 4 h and 2 h or with DEM (3 mmol/kg body wt.) at 4 h and BSO at 2 h before AFB1 injection. Hepatic AFB1-DNA binding was about 29.0 and 6.0 pmol/mg DNA in rats and hamsters, respectively. In rats, BSO increased AFB1-DNA binding by about 40% with a drop in GSH by 70%. Treatment with DEM-BSO increased AFB1-DNA binding by about 80% with a concomitant drop in GSH in both species. In hamsters, BSO increased AFB1-DNA binding by only 10% with a 50% drop in GSH. The kidneys of both species have lower GSH levels and AFB1-DNA binding than their respective liver tissues. The effect of BSO alone or in combination with DEM on both GSH levels and AFB1-DNA binding are comparable even though BSO alone is less effective in both species. The role of modulation of GSH levels on AFB1-DNA binding and hence biological effects of AFB1 in these two species is discussed.
TRANSIENT RECURRENT GYNECOMASTIA AFTER REMOVAL OF AN ESTROGEN-SECRETING INTERSTITIAL-CELL TUMOR OF THE TESTIS*

ABSTRACT A young man with an interstitial-cell tumor of the left testis had bilateral gynecomastia, atrophy of the right testis, and changes in the skin, beard, and voice suggesting decreased androgenic effects. Fertility, normal libido, and potency were retained. The excretion of estrogen was elevated, that of gonadotropin was depressed and that of 17-ketosteroids was normal. In the extratumoral area of the left testis, spermatogenesis was somewhat decreased, there was moderate hypoplasia of the germinal cells, and interstitial cells were sparse. These findings are attributed to secretion of moderate amounts of estrogen by the tumor and resultant suppression of pituitary gonadotropin secretion. After left orchiectomy, the gynecomastia and hypoandrogenic effects subsided rapidly and completely. One week postoperatively 17-ketosteroid excretion had doubled. The right testis had increased to normal size and consistency by eight months after operation. Gynecomastia recurred unilaterally four months postopera...
Jacobian pairs and Hamiltonian flows

Abstract Several new conditions for the invertibility of a polynomial map (/ tf , g ): C 2 → C 2 with a nonzero constant Jacobian determinant are presented. Flows of the Hamiltonian vector field (− / tf y , + / tf x ) are the main tool.
Homogeneous nucleation in sickle hemoglobin: stochastic measurements with a parallel method

The homogeneous nucleation rate for sickle hemoglobin polymerization has been measured for concentrations from 3.9 to 4.9 mM and temperatures from 13 degrees C to 35 degrees C by observing the stochastic fluctuations of the time to complete 10% of the reaction after photolysis of the carboxy derivative. To allow efficient data collection, a mesh was used to divide the photolysis beam into an array of smaller beams, which allowed parallel observation of about 100 different regions. Nucleation rates measured here are consistent with more restricted previously published data and, when combined with directly measured monomer addition rates, are consistent with previous analysis of progress curves. By describing these rates with equilibrium nucleation theory, the concentration of nuclei and hence their stability can be ascertained. Consequently, the chemical potential by which a monomer is attached to the polymer is determined. This attachment energy ranges from -6.6 to -8.0 kcal/mol between 15 degrees C and 35 degrees C. The enthalpic part of that chemical potential is found to be equal to the enthalpy determined by solubility measurements, as expected from thermodynamic considerations. The entropic portion of the contact chemical potential contributes from -21.4 to -8.7 kcal/mol. The vibrational chemical potential of monomers in the polymer ranges from -25.7 to -27.4 kcal/mol over the same temperatures.
Expression of separation anxiety disorder: The roles of age and gender

The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of age and gender in the symptom expression of separation anxiety disorder. Forty-five males and females of varying ages served as subjects. The nine symptoms included in the DSM-III diagnostic criteria for separation anxiety disorder were used as dependent variables. No gender differences were found on any of the symptoms. However, interesting age differences were discovered for specific symptoms and for the total number of clinically significant symptoms.
Mutual Influence about Stress Concentration of Holes in Composite Plates

Stress functions for anisotropic plates, containing three holes and sub jected to plane stress loading condition, were derived using complex variables and super- positioning the solutions of one an...
Bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and radiotherapy in regionally advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck.

Abstract We have treated 24 patients with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck and advanced regional (N 2–3 ) disease. The regimen consisted of 3 cycles, each of 28 days. Cyclophosphamide (1 gm/m 2 I.V.) was given on day 1, bleomycin (15 u I.M.) on days 2, 4, 9 and 11, and ionizing radiation ( 60 Co, 180 rad/fraction) days 1–5, and 8–12. No therapy was given on days 13–28. After three cycles of therapy, 13 patients had a complete response; following further therapy (surgery, interstitial or external beam radiation), 16 patients were free of disease. However, remissions were not durable and 1116 patients recurred loco-regionally with a median time to recurrence of 5 months; most (711) also developed distant metastases. These patients have biologically aggressive disease and may have a worse prognosis than patients who are Stage IV based on a T 4 primary lesion only.
The initiation mechanism in the action of aldosterone on sodium transport

Abstract Induction of protein synthesis at the transcriptional level apparently mediates the regulation of transepithelial Na+ transport by aldosterone. The present communication summarizes the evidence suggesting that initiation of gene activation is a consequence of a series of interactions between aldosterone and a set of protein “receptors”. Stereospecific aldosterone-binding proteins (ABP) have been isolated from cytosol and nuclear fractions of adrenalectomized rat kidneys. The nuclear binding system has been resolved into two components, a 3S complex that is soluble in 0.1 M tris-3mM-CaCl2 after pre-treatment with 2·2 M sucrose (i.e. released by “osmotic shock”) and a 4S complex tightly bound to chromatin that is released by extraction with 0·3 M KCl. Time-course studies after intravenous injection of 3H-aldosterone into adrenalectomized rats revealed that the cytosol ABP complex (8·5S and 4·5S in glycerol density gradients) appears first and followed soon thereafter by the formation of the 3S soluble and 4S chromatin bound intranuclear complexes. Based on studies with kidney slices and reconstituted cytosol and nuclear fractions, a model has been constructed that proposes that the cytosol ABP complex gives rise to the 3S soluble nuclear complex which in turn results in formation of the 4S chromatin-bound species.
Special Feature The Total Computer Security Problem: an Oveview

As society becomes more dependent on computers, computer crime is becoming not only more disastrous in its potential impact, but also more attractive to the criminal.1-3However, with adequate protection techniques, data theft can be prevented. This paper analyzes the total computer system security problem, using six major factors to sort out the issues involved. The entire problem is visualized in Figure 1, with the six factors listed along the left-hand side.
Energy dependence of the (p, np̃) reaction

Abstract Excitation functions for the quasi-elastic (p, np) reaction are presented 91 Zr, 119 Sn, 208 Pb and 209 Bi from threshold to 45 MeV. Attempts to fit the data with conventional macroscopic DWBA calculations, using the Becchetti-Greenless (BG) optical model parameters, show that for all four nuclei considered an extremely unrealistic but consistent energy dependence is required for the strength of the complex symmetry potential.
Fire spread via wall/floor joints in multi-family dwellings

This paper presents the results of three wall/floor joint lire tests conducted on double-stud wall/floor joint assemblies with and without fire stops at the joints. Assemblies with fire stops were tested to determine whether semi-rigid glass and rock fibre insulation boards, steel sheet and Oriented Strand Board could prevent fire spread through the wall/floor joint into the upper storey cavity between the studs. The assembly without fire stops was tested to investigate the effect of the depth of the vertical air space (13 mm, 25 mm or 38 mm for wood studs and 25 mm for steel studs), inside insulated double-stud walls, on fire spread to the upper storey cavity between the studs. Using the results of this study, the performance of the fire stops and the effect of the air space depth on fire spread through wall/floor joints are discussed.
Gray Matters: Social Scientists, Military Patronage, and Democracy in the Cold War

A renowned physicist told U.S. defense secretary Robert McNamara in 1961 that "while World War I might have been considered the chemists' war, and World War II was con sidered the physicists' war, World War III . . . might well have to be considered the social scientists' war." As new states emerged from the wreckage of European empires, Penta gon officials enlisted social scientists in the battle to contain the spread of Communism in the so-called emerging nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This fusion of social science and statecraft reached its acme at the Special Operations Research Office (soro), a multidisciplinary research institute created in 1956 by the U.S. Army and stationed on the campus of American University in Washington, DC At soro, political scientists, social psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists joined forces with military experts to unearth the political and social causes of Communist revolution, identify the laws governing social change, and clarify the scientific principles of psychological warfare. soro researchers connected social knowledge and military affairs, creating a hybrid form of expertise intended to help the United States win the battle for hearts and minds.1 In the 1950s and early 1960s, when the defeat of Communism seemed a matter of national survival, most social scientists accepted military-funded research as legitimate social science. But as opposition to the Vietnam War and to American militarism intensi fied in the late 1960s, a growing number of academic social scientists, public intellectu als, and policy makers condemned Pentagon-funded social scientists as technocratic social engineers and partisan ideologues. They accused researchers of sacrificing their intellec tual integrity to a warmongering, imperialistic national security state. In 1969 American University's administration exiled soro from its campus and severed the university's ties to the military.2