cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An adaptive restorative method for resilient power distribution networks

In this paper, we propose a restorative method to minimize the unserved demand in a power distribution network due to line outage. The restoration is achieved by tie-line switching and by solving a mixed-integer non-linear problem. By exploiting the information on pre-contingency solution, topology together with post-contingency line congestion requirements and in combination with an improved greedy search algorithm, a method is proposed which reduces the search space of the combinatorial problem. Case studies on IEEE 33-bus distribution network is presented to illustrate the results and validate the performance of the proposed method.
8 Chromosome Set Manipulation and Sex Control in Fish

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the techniques used in chromosome set manipulation and reviews the results and prospects in the application of gynogenesis, androgenesis, and induced polyploidy to fish. Chromosome-set manipulation techniques of sperm chromosome inactivation (with radiation or chemicals) and suppression of cell divisions (with heat shock, cold shock, or pressure) can be readily applied to fish to produce gynogenetic and polyploid individuals. Gynogenetic individuals have all their chromosomes from the female parent and should all be females in species with XX females. Polyploids include triploids that are expected to be sterile, and tetraploids that have the potential of being fertile and producing sterile triploids when crossed to normal diploids. Partially inbred gynogenetic diploids and triploids may be produced by treatments causing retention of the second polar body of the egg. Completely homozygous gynogenetic diploids and tetraploids may be produced by treatments blocking the first mitotic division.
Cannabis Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Potential Moderators

Abstract As discussed in previous chapters, psychiatric disorders are often comorbid with cannabis use. To supplement other chapters covering mood and psychotic disorders, this chapter focuses on the relationship between cannabis use and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and overviews potential moderators of this comorbid relationship. Attention deficits have been observed in cannabis users; ADHD places one at increased risk for early initiation of cannabis use, becoming a heavy user, and developing a cannabis use disorder (CUD). However, the direction of causality in this relationship remains unclear. In addition, factors such as comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) may influence the relationship between cannabis use and ADHD. Lastly, we will discuss the potential influence of THC and CBD content in cannabis samples on the development of psychiatric problems. Overall, more neuroimaging studies and longitudinal research are needed in order to draw sound conclusions in these relatively new areas of research.
The Evolution of Animal Nuptial Gifts

Abstract Animal nuptial gifts display multitudinous forms, and such gifts are especially interesting because they sit at the intersection of sexual selection, foraging ecology, and life-history evolution. However, even though such gifts are likely to play key roles in sexual selection and conflict, remarkably little is known about the selective agents responsible for their origin and maintenance. In this chapter, we propose a classification scheme based on (1) how gifts are produced (endogenous vs. exogenous) and also (2) how they are absorbed by the recipient (oral, genital, or transdermal). This classification provides a conceptual framework that should prove useful for formulating and testing predictions about how different gift types affect fitness of both males and females. Moving beyond earlier work that had coerced potential benefits to gift-giving males into the falsely dichotomous categories of parental investment versus mating effort, we illustrate how nuptial gifts might enhance male fitness across multiple selection episodes that occur before, during, and after mating. Finally, we highlight a few studies that have used comparative phylogenetic methods to see how nuptial gifts and other life-history traits may have changed over evolutionary time. One such study analyzed the evolutionary trajectories of spermatophore gifts within firefly beetles (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), revealing that male gifts have undergone correlated evolution with female flight ability. Thus, this study supports the idea that shifts in female resource allocation may potentially drive male investment in nuptial gifts. Looking forward, phylogenetic analyses across different taxonomic groups will be needed to provide insight into the evolutionary origin and maintenance of nuptial gifts. By including relevant ecological and life-history traits associated with resource allocation, such studies will undoubtedly expand our understanding of nuptial gift evolution.
The Impact of Commercial Banking Development on Economic Growth: A Principal Component Analysis of Association Between Banking Industry and Economic Growth in Europe

This paper identifies the relationship between commercial banking development and economic growth in Eastern Europe. The dataset includes 13 countries, 22 variables measuring banking development, and four control variables, from 2002 to 2015. The extensive number of variables reflect different dimensionalities of financial development. To resolve collinearity and to have a succinct model the principal component analysis is utilised. PC regression is used to qualify significant components that are in turn utilised to specify a model. The results of the regression support the role of banking access components in economic growth. This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between commercial banking development and economic growth for Eastern Europe. More specifically, policies that liberalise banking to include more branches and ATMs, thus creating greater access, could spur greater growth in emerging economies like those of Eastern Europe.
Catalytic carbonyl hydrosilylations via a titanocene borohydride–PMHS reagent system

Reduction of a wide range of aldehydes and ketones with catalytic amounts of titanocene borohydride in concert with a stoichiometric poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) reductant is reported. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction is mediated by a reactive titanocene(III) complex, whose oxidation state remains constant throughout the reaction.
Exit-Channel Suppression in Statistical Reaction Theory

Statistical reaction theories such as the Hauser-Feshbach theory assume that branching ratios follow Bohr's compound nucleus hypothesis by factorizing into independent probabilities for different channels. Corrections to the factorization hypothesis are known in both nuclear theory and quantum transport theory, particularly an enhanced memory of the entrance channel. We apply the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble to study a complementary suppression of exit channel branching ratios. The combined effect of the width fluctuation and the limitation on the transmission coefficient can provide a lower bound on the number of exit channels. The bound is demonstrated for the branching ratio in neutron-induced reactions on a ^{235}U target.
Fun with programming logic: nifty tools and assignments

Teaching programming logic to new programmers can be challenging. In addition to language syntax, students must develop problem solving and logical thinking skills. One way to make this task more interesting is through programming assignments that are fun, as well as challenging. This presentation explores four such assignments: The Coffee Game, The Dyslexic Bank Teller, The Biology Lab Manager, and Michigan Lotto Picks.
First-principles molecular dynamics simulations of anorthite (CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ) glass at high pressure

We report first-principles molecular dynamics study of the equation of state, structural, and elastic properties of CaAl2Si2O8 glass at 300 K as a function of pressure up to 155 GPa. Our results for the ambient pressure glass show that: (1) as with other silicates, Si atoms remain mostly (> 95%) under tetrahedral oxygen surroundings; (2) unlike anorthite crystal, presence of high-coordination (> 4) Al atoms with ~ 30% abundance; (3) and significant presence of both non-bridging (8%) and triply (17%) coordinated oxygen. To achieve the glass configurations at various pressures, we use two different simulation schedules: cold and hot compression. Cold compression refers to sequential compression at 300 K. Compression at 3000 K and subsequent isochoric quenching to 300 K is considered as hot compression. At the initial stages of compression (0–10 GPa), smooth increase in bond distance and coordination occurs in the hot-compressed glass. Whereas in cold compression, Si (also Al to some extent) displays mainly topological changes (without significantly affecting the average bond distance or coordination) in this pressure interval. Further increase in pressure results in gradual increases in mean coordination, with Si–O (Al–O) coordination eventually reaching and remaining 6 (6.5) at the highest compression. Similarly, the ambient pressure Ca–O coordination of 5.9 increases to 9.5 at 155 GPa. The continuous pressure-induced increase in the proportion of oxygen triclusters along with the appearance and increasing abundance of tetrahedral oxygens results in mean O–T (T = Si and Al) coordination of > 3 from a value of 2.1 at ambient pressure. Due to the absence of kinetic barrier, the hot-compressed glasses consistently produce greater densities and higher coordination numbers than the cold compression cases. Decompressed glasses show irreversible compaction along with retention of high-coordination species when decompressed from pressure ≥ 10 GPa. The different density retention amounts (12, 17, and 20% when decompressed from 12, 40, and 155 GPa, respectively) signifies that the degree of irreversibility depends on the peak pressure of decompression. The calculated compressional and shear wave velocities (5 and 3 km/s at 0 GPa) for the cold-compressed case display sluggish pressure response in the 0–10 GPa interval as opposed to smooth increase in the hot-compressed one. Shear velocity saturates rather rapidly with a value of ~ 5 km/s, whereas compressional wave velocity displays continuous increase, reaching/exceeding 12.5 km/s at 155 GPa. These structural details suggest that the pressure response of the cold-compressed glasses is not only inherently different at the 0–10 GPa interval, the density, coordination, and wave velocity data are consistently lower than the hot-compressed glasses. Hot-compressed glasses may, therefore, be the better analog in the study of high-pressure silicate melts.
An Autocrine Proliferation Repressor Regulates Dictyostelium discoideum Proliferation and Chemorepulsion Using the G Protein-Coupled Receptor GrlH.

ABSTRACT In eukaryotic microbes, little is known about signals that inhibit the proliferation of the cells that secrete the signal, and little is known about signals (chemorepellents) that cause cells to move away from the source of the signal. Autocrine proliferation repressor protein A (AprA) is a protein secreted by the eukaryotic microbe Dictyostelium discoideum. AprA is a chemorepellent for and inhibits the proliferation of D. discoideum. We previously found that cells sense AprA using G proteins, suggesting the existence of a G protein-coupled AprA receptor. To identify the AprA receptor, we screened mutants lacking putative G protein-coupled receptors. We found that, compared to the wild-type strain, cells lacking putative receptor GrlH (grlH¯ cells) show rapid proliferation, do not have large numbers of cells moving away from the edges of colonies, are insensitive to AprA-induced proliferation inhibition and chemorepulsion, and have decreased AprA binding. Expression of GrlH in grlH¯ cells (grlH¯/grlHOE) rescues the phenotypes described above. These data indicate that AprA signaling may be mediated by GrlH in D. discoideum. IMPORTANCE Little is known about how eukaryotic cells can count themselves and thus regulate the size of a tissue or density of cells. In addition, little is known about how eukaryotic cells can sense a repellant signal and move away from the source of the repellant, for instance, to organize the movement of cells in a developing embryo or to move immune cells out of a tissue. In this study, we found that a eukaryotic microbe uses G protein-coupled receptors to mediate both cell density sensing and chemorepulsion.
Treatment of Kratom Dependence With Buprenorphine-Naloxone Maintenance

Introduction Use of the unregulated herbal supplement kratom is on the rise in the United States. We present a case series of 2 patients who developed kratom dependence and withdrawal who were successfully transitioned to buprenorphine-naloxone maintenance. Case summary Two patients using kratom to self-treat chronic pain after prescription opioids were discontinued presenting to our clinic with evidence of kratom dependence and withdrawal. On examination, both patients showed signs of mild opioid withdrawal. Both patients were successfully transitioned to buprenorphine-naloxone maintenance via home initiation with control of both their opioid withdrawal and chronic pain. Conclusions Kratom use is on the rise and with increasing evidence of developing opioid-type dependence due to chronic kratom use. This case series shows that buprenorphine can be used to treat kratom dependence and underlying chronic pain that drives it use.
Surgical Approach to Chronic Medial Injury

Of the all the ligaments in the knee, the medial sided structures are the most commonly injured. The medial stabilizers of the knee consist of the superficial medial collateral ligament, the deep medial collateral ligament, and the posterior oblique ligament. Nonoperative treatment mainly consists of early range of motion, bracing, and guarded weight bearing. In a subset of the acutely injured, operative repair is indicated. However, the large majority of medial sided knee injuries are successfully treated nonoperatively. In patients with Grade III injuries who are initially treated by nonoperative means but continue to show valgus instability and are clinically symptomatic, reconstruction is indicated. The senior author’s preferred technique for reconstruction of chronic medial instability is presented here in this chapter. The technique is a double graft technique reconstructing the native anatomy of the superficial medial collateral ligament and the posterior oblique ligament. Special attention is paid to the superficial medial collateral ligament as it has two tibial insertions. The proximal tibial attachment is a soft tissue restraint that is recreated with a suture anchor. Following this technique creates a reconstruction that most closely resembles the patient’s native anatomy restoring full function and relieving symptoms.
Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Poly (2-Vinyl Pyridine) and the Effect of a Rigid Coupling Agent on its Properties

Studies on macrocyclic polymers have been of fundamental interest to the polymer community for some time now. Since, unlike linear polymers, macrocyclic polymers lack chain-ends, a comparison of the two over a broad spectrum of properties is expected to lead to an enhanced understanding of polymer properties in general.
A robotic weight loss coach

We present a rationale for studying long-term human-robot interaction and explain why new applications are necessary for this type of experimentation. The design and implementation of a robot that has been implemented is briefly described with the outline of a study that is under way.
Development of Dense Plasma Foci as Advanced Neutron Sources at LLNL

The dense plasma focus (DPF) is a z-pinch device that starts as a coaxial plasma railgun and ends in an implosion phase. DPF's historically were developed as thermonuclear devices. When used with deuterium and tritium gases a DPF can be used to produce neutrons; however, in operation, DPF's often suffered from inconsistent behavior, and the mechanisms driving the neutron production were poorly understood. Using kinetic modeling techniques recently developed at LLNL, we have gained insight into the mechanisms that lead to particle acceleration in the pinch region and can make informed design decisions for optimizing DPF behavior, from sub-kilojoule to mega-joule scale devices. Experimental DPF platforms at LLNL also serve to validate the behaviors seen in simulations and improve device performance with a view towards increased neutron generation, enhanced reproducibility, and decreased size and energy requirements.
Design of Thrust Measurement System on Test Beds of a Gas Turbine Engine Using Strain Gauges

Gas turbine engine test bed is a facility for ground testing of engines before installation in aircraft. Field test beds generally lack engine thrust measurement capability. A thrust measurement system for such an engine test bed has been designed using strain gauges keeping in view the limitation of major structural modifications. This technique does not require any structural modifications in the test bed hence making it easy and simple to apply. Strain measured with the help of half bridge strain gauge configuration is converted into stress. The stress is then converted into load on the test bed structure which is in fact the thrust force produced by the engine. Data from strain gauges is acquired using Arduino and results are validated analytically. This paper discusses the complete procedure of applying strain gauges on test bed and data acquisition of these gauges. It also includes the method of data acquisition of strain gauges through Arduino which is extremely cost effective as compared to other commercially available options.
Investigating Atlantic bottlenose dolphin mismatch negativity response to pure tone stimuli

Marine mammals rely heavily on acoustic cues to survive but are susceptible to hearing impairment due to anthropogenic noise. The quality of life and well-being of marine mammals under professional care is based on enrichment through training and communication conspecifics and zoo staff. Mismatch Negativity (MMN) is an electrophysiological exam that records synchronized firing of neurons from the auditory cortex and frontal lobe, allowing for assessment of echoic memory and sound differentiation capability. The objective of this study is to conduct MMN exams, with acoustic stimuli, on the Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus Montagu) to study echoic memory and develop auditory cognition assessments for marine mammals in captivity. Three male Atlantic Bottlenose dolphins were tested in water at the Indianapolis Zoo. The oddball paradigm in this study included a frequency difference between two pure-tone stimuli (standard 2000 Hz, deviant 500 Hz). The results suggest that a similar MMN waveform morphology and latency (between 100 and 300 ms) are seen in dolphins when compared to humans. Average P1, N1, P2, and MMN values were determined for each dolphin. Developing MMN tests for animals under professional care will allow for application to marine mammals in natural habitats, which are exposed to high levels of anthropogenic noise.
Data Driven Measurement Matrix Learning for Sparse Reconstruction

In this work, we learn jointly how to sense and reconstruct a class of signals such as images through a deep learning structure within the compressive sensing (CS) framework. We develop a data driven approach and learn both the measurement matrix and the inverse reconstruction scheme instead of utilizing random linear projections as measurements and reconstruction via convex optimization with a given known sparsity in conventional CS framework. To achieve this goal, we have designed an end to end deep neural network structure consisting of fully connected layers with cascaded convolutional layers to be trained and tested over a publicly available image dataset. Results show that the proposed technique provides higher peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) levels and hence learns better measurement matrices than that of the randomly selected or specifically designed for a known sparsity basis to reduce average coherence. The reconstruction performance on the test dataset also gets better as more train samples are utilized. We also observe that the learned measurement matrices achieve higher PSNR compared to random or designed cases when they are used in l 1 based recovery. Proposed reconstruction scheme has much less computational complexity compared to l 1 minimization based reconstruction with comparable results.
Spinal Cord Stimulation

Spinal cord stimulation has been used for over 30 years to treat different pain conditions, and has been proved effective in neuropathic or sympathetically mediated pain states. The postulated mechanism of action is selective activation of the large-diameter afferent fibers through electrical stimulation. To obtain stimulation, an array of metal contacts is placed in the dorsal epidural space. A pulse generator supplies the energy, and the contacts are programmed to generate an electric field, which stimulates the axons of dorsal root and dorsal column fibers in the spinal column. The result of the stimulation of dorsal columns is an inhibition of activity in the lateral spinothalamic tract, as well as increased activity in descending antinociceptive pathways.
An 802.11ba 495μW -92.6dBm-Sensitivity Blocker-Tolerant Wake-up Radio Receiver Fully Integrated with Wi-Fi Transceiver

An 802.11ba-based wake-up radio (WUR) receiver is presented. The WUR receiver prototype is integrated within an 802.11a/b/g/n/ac Wi-Fi transceiver, occupying 0.05mm2 for RF/analog frontend and 0.08mm2 for digital baseband. The WUR receiver consumes 495µW standalone and consumes 667µW from Wi-Fi system supply. The receiver has a measured sensitivity of -92.6dBm and can tolerate -40.5dBm Wi-Fi adjacent channel blocker with 3dB receiver de-sensitization. The WUR receiver can operate when the Wi-Fi system is in sleep mode and can turn on Wi-Fi radio upon receiving 802.11ba-based wake-up packet over the air.
Economics of cell design and thermal management in solid oxide fuel cells under SOFC-GT hybrid operating conditions

Abstract Typical operating parameters of a SOFC-GT hybrid system have been established to study the influence of SOFC-cell design variables such as cell length, rib width, interconnect thickness, and operating variables such as degree of pre-reforming and air utilization, upon thermal cell management and economics. Various SOFC production scales are being considered. Fuel utilization, air utilization and operating voltage were held constant while the number of cells was adjusted to meet the utilization specifications. Based upon the particular cell design and number of cells, the cost of the stacks has been established which is then converted to specific cost in $(2019)/kWDC. Findings show that in co-flow SOFCs specific costs can be effectively reduced by maximizing the cell width/number of parallel channels without impacting current density and thermal cell management. The cost optimum for the cell length was found to be in the range of 15–20 cm. While overall temperature differences were reduced in shorter cells, local gradients were reduced in longer cells. Increasing the rib width offers a cost-effective solution for reducing thermal gradients in the cell. Air utilization reaches a cost optimum around 45% and the operating voltage shows that lower cell voltages increase overall temperature differences and local thermal gradients while reducing specific SOFC cost.
Management of challenging radioiodine treatment protocols: a case series and review of the literature

Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy with 131I is the standard of care for treatment in many patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Because 131I is typically administered as a pill, and much of its radioactivity is excreted via the urine, there can be challenges in patients who cannot swallow pills, absorb iodine via the gastrointestinal tract, or eliminate RAI via the urine (i.e., dialysis patients and patients with renal failure). In this article, we present 3 cases in which the standard 131I treatment protocol for thyroid cancer could not be used because of these challenges, and we discuss the strategies used to overcome them. Provider collaboration and treatment customization are critical in overcoming patient-specific challenges.
Study Abroad, Foreign Language Use, and the Communities Standard

Although participation in multilingual communities around the world has been understood to be the raison d'etre for foreign language study, the Communities standard has been portrayed as an extracurricular experience and more difficult to weave into instruction than the other standards. This article addresses two questions: (1) Does a study abroad experience facilitate meeting the Communities standard? and (2) How can collegiate foreign language curricula enhance the study abroad experience and fulfillment of the Communities standard? Current trends in study abroad participation by U.S. undergraduates and key research findings on study abroad related to the Communities standard are reviewed. Numerous recommendations for programmatic courses of action at home and abroad targeting a fuller consideration of the Communities standard in collegiate foreign language study are offered.
Clonal haematopoiesis of emerging significance

Summary Clonal haematopoiesis (CH) is a ubiquitous feature of aging and provides mechanistic insight into the inextricable relationship between chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. Although CH confers a cumulative risk of subsequent haematological malignancy, particularly myeloid neoplasms, that risk is heavily mutation- and context-specific. Individuals with mutations in DNA damage response pathway genes receiving select cytotoxic therapies for solid tumours are among the highest risk groups for subsequent development of myeloid neoplasms. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that TET2-mutated macrophages causally contribute to cardiometabolic disease through the generation of proinflammatory cytokines. It is speculated that such CH-related inflammation is a shared driver of several other chronic diseases. Whether we can intervene in individuals with CH to diminish the risk of subsequent haematological malignancy or non-haematological disease remains to be seen. However, precision anti-cytokine therapies are a rational starting point to break the feedforward loop between clonal myeloid expansion, inflammation, and end-organ damage.
Evaluation of Agriculture Sustainable Development Level in China

Agriculture sustainable development is an essential condition for long-term national economy development.An evaluation index system for agriculture sustainable development in China was established consisted of 17 indexes,including economic and social development,resource reduction input,resource recycling utilization and ecological environment. This paper evaluated and analyzed the agriculture sustainable development level in China from 1991-2013 by comprehensive multi-index model method. The results illustrated that the average national level and the levels of 3 big regions of eastern,middle and western exhibited rising trends. The major factor restricting agriculture sustainable development in China was resource reduced investment. There was an obvious regional difference existing in agriculture sustainable development levels in China. The levels of eastern and middle regions were higher than that of western region. According to the result of evaluation,this paper put forward suggestions as providing good policy environment by government for sustainable agricultural development, improving the level of resource reduction investment,implementing 4R principles in all aspects of agricultural production to achieve maximum benefit of agriculture sustainable development.
Brain Composition of Beagle Puppies Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition

The concept that inadequate nutrition during the period of rapid central nervous system growth may exert an adverse effect on subsequent central nervous system development (1, 2) coupled with the fact that intact neurological survival of low birth weight infants does not seem to be improving as fast as overall survival (3) has focused attention upon the nutritional management of low birth weight infants during the neonatal period. The implication is that better nutritional management might further improve the quality of survival.
Geschmolzene krystallwasserhaltige Salze als Lösungsmittel für die Gefrierpunktsmethode II

Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit koinnen in der folgeaden Weiw zusammengefaht werden: 1 Die Gefrierpunktskonstantell von geschmolzenem Ca(NO3)2. 4H2O, Zn(NO3)23H2O und Mn(NO3)2.3H2O sind 59.4° (Schmelzpunkt 42.31 °); 58.6° (Schmelzpunkt 44.07°) und 67.4° (Schmelzpunkt: 34.81°). 2 Die Schmelzwarme far 1 g Zn(NO3)2.3H2O und Mn(NO3)2.3H2O, berechnet aus den experimentell gefundenen Werten von K nach der Beziehung K = 0.02 T2/w sind 34,3 g-Gal. beim Schmelzpunkt 44.07° und 28.09 g-Cal fir den Gefrierpunkt 34.81°.
A quantitative analysis of saccades and smooth pursuit during visual pursuit tracking. A comparison of schizophrenics with normals and substance abusing controls.

The eye movements of schizophrenic patients are characterized by decreased smooth pursuit gain and an increased frequency of saccades. However, the nature of these saccades and their function during smooth pursuit has not been clearly defined. To address this issue we examined the eye movements of 22 schizophrenic patients, 20 substance abusing patients (primarily alcohol; some with concomitant cocaine and/or cannabis abuse), and 17 normal controls during a visual pursuit task using infra-red oculography. A computerized pattern recognition algorithm divided pursuit eye movements into two basic components: smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. The algorithm also determined eye position error and velocity error before and after each saccade. Schizophrenic patients had lower smooth pursuit gain (p<0.02) and made more saccades during smooth pursuit (p<0.02) than either comparison group. When saccades were assigned to subcategories based on direction and position error, only the frequency of ‘catch-up’ saccades differentiated schizophrenic patients from the comparison groups (p<0.05). Smooth pursuit gain was negatively correlated with saccadic frequency among all three subject groups. Eye velocity preceding saccades was significantly lower among the schizophrenic patients, but pre or post saccadic position error did not differ among the three groups. Discrete analysis of the fine structure of visual pursuit tracking may lead to a better understanding of eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Blood and Rage: A Cultural History of Terrorism – By Michael Burleigh

The author of this study, a distinguished historian of Nazi Germany, has ventured into new territory with his mammoth popular history of terrorism since the nineteenth century. Its primary focus is...
Bioinspired artificial fingertips that exhibit friction reduction when subjected to transverse ultrasonic vibrations

This paper presents the design of a bioinspired artificial fingertip that resembles the mechanical behavior of a human fingertip under conditions of both static deformation and high frequency excitation. The artificial fingertip is constructed around a deformable spherical membrane filled with a cellulose sponge, itself connected to a rigid structure that acts as a bone. Force-deformation characteristics and response to a transient mechanical perturbation are both shown to be in good qualitative agreement with those of a real finger. More importantly, the fingertip exhibits friction reduction when interacting with TPads (variable friction tactile displays based on transverse ultrasonic vibrations). Comparison with artificial fingertips that do not exhibit friction reduction suggests that mechanical damping characteristics play a key role in the amount of friction reduction achieved.
Fault detection and classification for compensating network using combination relay and ANN

The goal of this research is to focus and adopt a fast, accurate and reliable fault detection technique and classification method for the high voltage transmission line. The proposed method reduces the outage time and hence this eliminates any possible damage to the other parts of the system. First, detection of the fault is carried out using a new proposed technique that combines three type of relays. Second, the technique isolates the faulty part in a very fast time frame. Finally, classifying the fault is carried out by data recorded using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on different ways. The input training data of the recording devices was sampled using Digital Signal Processing (DSP). In this research the data collected from the recorders will be used to classify the fault only because the time is not an important factor as in fault detecting and clearing. Also, all types of faults are investigated for the fault classification. Three methods are used (Phase Current sampling, Phase Shift of the Phase Voltage sampling and Phase Voltage sampling) to evaluate the efficiency, accuracy and the analysis the mean square error.
Fostering A Wholistic Education: A Practical Approach For Advisors

This article defines wholistic education and provides a model currently used in a college-level, academic setting. The various dimensions of the model are described along with the manner by which each is measured. An important contribution of this paper is the introduction of nonlinear methods which provide appropriate means for analyzing and responding to individual student behaviors. While the model is specific to our institution it is general enough to be adapted to any other academic setting.
Air, ground, and groundwater recharge temperatures in an alpine setting, Brighton Basin, Utah

[1] Noble gases are useful tracers for constraining groundwater recharge temperature and elevation, critical in determining source areas of groundwater recharge in mountainous terrain. A monitoring network in the alpine Brighton Basin in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA, was established to examine the relationship between air temperatures, ground temperatures, and noble gas groundwater recharge temperatures. Maximum noble gas groundwater recharge temperatures computed using the closed-system equilibration model from 25 samples collected over the 2 year period 2007 to 2009 averaged 2.9 ± 1.2°C, within the experimental error of the mean ground temperature of 2.3°C measured within the probable recharge area. Maximum noble gas recharge temperatures vary from 0 to 7°C, also comparable to ground temperature variations in the region. Groundwater ages in the collected samples vary from 0 to 7 years indicating changing flow paths to the collection site during the experiment. Mean ground temperatures in the upper 1 m of soil over the 2 year time period is 2.3°C, which is 1°C cooler than the mean surface air temperature extrapolated from a nearby meteorological station. This comparison contradicts an earlier observation that mean annual ground temperatures in central Utah are generally warmer than air temperatures. The offset in the Brighton Basin is explained by modeling a snow effect on ground temperature. This detailed study suggests that interpretation of groundwater recharge temperatures derived from noble gases should be attentive to the complex local ground temperature effects in the recharge areas.
Phase distortions of femtosecond pulses generated in multilayer second order nonlinear media

Minimizing pulse-spreading caused by group velocity mismatch demands structures that achieve large conversion efficiency with a short interaction length. Optimized femtosecond-pulse generation in quasi-phase-matched thin-film structures will be discussed. >
Theory and application of semi-indefinite networks

A semi-indefinite network is any network in which the admittance matrix has only the row entries or only the column entries summing to zero. As a result of this property, the port currents of a semi-indefinite network form a dependent set given certain restrictions. Semi-indefinite networks are used in a general network structure for the simulation of floating immittances. A method is given for the transformation of networks which simulate grounded immittances to networks which simulate floating immittances.
An adaptive level set approach for modeling damage due to galvanic corrosion

This article presents an approach to solving problems related to galvanic corrosion that involve moving boundaries (due to preferential corrosion of one of the metals in the system). The method incorporates an adaptive (node based, finite difference) grid technique for the treatment of boundary-related singularities that arise in the calculation of the electric potential. Simulation of the time evolution of the damage done by the corroding interface is performed using of a level set formulation. An analysis of the convergence of the method and a comparison with experimental data from the literature are included.
Abstract LB-122: PIM1 kinase inhibition halts the growth of MYC-overexpressing triple-negative breast tumors

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The proto-oncogene MYC affects diverse cellular processes ranging from cell proliferation, metabolism, to pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. While de-regulated MYC signaling has been commonly identified in a variety of human malignancies, no therapeutic strategies have been clinically established to specifically target tumors that present elevated MYC expression. We have previously reported that triple-negative (TN) breast cancers, which lack the expression of predictive biomarkers of response (i.e., estrogen/progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), exhibit significantly elevated MYC expression as well as MYC pathway activation (Horiuchi, D., et al. 2012 JEM). To understand the vulnerabilities of TN tumors, we performed a kinome synthetic-lethal shRNA screen in human mammary epithelial cells in which MYC activity can be controlled (i.e., HMEC-MycER cells). The screen yielded 10+ potential synthetic lethal partners of MYC, including recently described AMPK-related kinase 5 (Liu, L., et al. 2012. Nature). One of our top hits was the proto-oncogene PIM1, a non-essential serine/threonine kinase previously shown to be a genetic enhancer of MYC in transgenic mouse models of lymphomas and prostate cancer. Our bioinformatics studies performed on four independent clinical cohorts (n: 146 ∼ 683 patients each) showed that in all cohorts both MYC and PIM1 were significantly enriched in the TN populations. PIM1 expression was correlated with that of MYC in three out of the four cohorts. Furthermore, we found that PIM1 overexpression alone was a poor prognostic factor associated with diminished recurrence-free survival. Our in vivo efficacy studies using conventional as well as novel “human-in-mouse,” patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDX) models demonstrated that PIM was essential for the growth of MYC-overexpressing human TN tumors. In the PDX tumors, PIM inhibition nearly completely arrested tumor growth, which was associated with significant up-regulation of an endogenous cell cycle inhibitor p27, a known PIM1 substrate, down-regulation of protein synthesis machinery, and inhibition of MYC activity itself. These observations held true in a panel of breast cancer cell lines, and elevating the p27 expression alone was sufficient to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Thus, our findings warrant the use of PIM kinase inhibitors in treating TN tumors that exhibit the elevated expression of MYC and/or PIM. Citation Format: Dai Horiuchi, Alicia Y. Zhou, Alexandra N. Corella, Christina Yau, Devon A. Lawson, Alexey V. Bazarov, Paul Yaswen, Michael T. McManus, Zena Werb, Alana L. Welm, Andrei Goga. PIM1 kinase inhibition halts the growth of MYC-overexpressing triple-negative breast tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-122. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-122
Isotope shift in Coulomb displacement energy

Abstract Isotope shifts are obtained by measuring the energies of isobaric analog states in the relevant isotopes. These shifts are small for protons in the f 7 2 shell, indicating no significant change in spatial wave functions of the protons as neutrons are added to the shell. Shifts for the Co and Cu isotopes indicate increases in nuclear size.
Internet Reference Resources for the Life Sciences.

A virtual cornucopia of resources is available for biologists on the Internet. Many have been put up by biologists themselves; others have been mounted by organizations, government agencies or commercial businesses. In some cases, the best or only way to obtain the information is via the Internet (e.g., the gene sequence information from Genbank). Over sixty Internet biological resources are reviewed in this report in which the life sciences have been defined to include all areas of biology, agriculture and veterinary science except those which pertain to the environment or human medicine.
Relationship between energetic, ionic, and functional status in the perfused rat heart following thermal injury: A 31P and 23Na NMR study

To test the hypothesis that energy deficits and intracellular ion derangements may be the cellular basis for intrinsic myocardial dysfunction in rats after burn trauma, we examined ATP metabolism, intracellular pH, sodium, and mechanical performance simultaneously in perfused beating hearts from sham burn or burned rats (43% TBSA, 3° scald burn, resuscitated for 24 hr with lactated Ringer's solution, Parkland formula). Intracellular calcium was also measured in myocytes harvested from parallel groups of sham burn and burn resuscitated rats. Burn trauma caused a 46% decrease in left ventricular developed pressure, a 69% decrease in +dP/dt max , and a 72% decrease in -dP/dt max . Intracellular to external standard sodium ratio increased (+58%) from 0.318 ± 0.027 to 0.500 ± 0.048 (P < 0.05), and intracellular calcium increased (+67%) from 206 ± 13 to 445 ± 37 nM (P < 0.01). Burn hearts exhibited decreased functional response to isoproterenol challenge compared to sham burn controls, but energy metabolism was similar in all hearts, regardless of burn injury. Our data suggest that burn trauma alters intracellular cardiomyocyte calcium and sodium homeostasis, and ionic derangements are not related to either altered intracellular pH or high energy phosphate deficits.
Hegemons of a lesser God: the Bank of France and monetary leadership under the classical gold standard

ABSTRACT Conventional theories of international hegemony all agree on the fact that the stabilizing functions of hegemons (i.e. nations that use their power to maintain orderly relations in a given issue-area) are positively correlated with their power. The public goods logic upon which this vision is founded posits that as any potential leader becomes more powerful in a given issue area, it will increasingly see its own welfare as synonymous with order in the entire constellation of relations within the issue area itself, and consequently have an incentive to provide the necessary public goods (i.e. the components of stability) to bring such order about. Monetary relations under the classical gold standard (1880–1914), however, demonstrated an entirely different set of circumstances. The principal financial actor of the period (the Bank of England) showed little interest in stabilizing monetary relations during that period. It was in fact the Bank of France, a secondary monetary power, which acted much m...
FDTD modeling and validation of EM survey tools

Accurate finite-difference–time-domain (FDTD) modeling of loop-type sources using a modified source term is described and validated by comparison with an analytical solution in a resistive whole space. This demonstrates that the FDTD method provides good accuracy a few cells beyond the source but is slightly inaccurate very near the source. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 427–429, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10484
Preparation and Characterization of 1,3-Butadiene and Isoprene Complexes, W2(OCH2tBu)6(diene)(py), and Studies of the Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Dienes

In hydrocarbon solutions W2(OCH2tBu)6(py)2, 1, and 1,3-butadiene and isoprene reversibly form adducts W2(OCH2tBu)6(diene)(py), compounds 2 (diene = 1,3-butadiene) and 3 (diene = isoprene). The structures of 1, 2, and 3 are reported. For 1 there is a central O3NW⋮WNO3 core with W−W = 2.334(1) A, and each W atom is in a distorted square-based pyramidal environment with the W⋮W bond in the apical site. In 2 and 3 there is a common W2O6C4N core wherein the diene adopts a novel mode of coordination, μ,η1,η4. One W atom is coordinated to five oxygen atoms and the bridging carbon atom of the μ-diene ligand, while the other is bonded to three oxygen atoms, a pyridine nitrogen, and four carbon atoms of the diene. The structure may be viewed as being derived from a confacial bioctahedron with two bridging OR ligands and one bridging alkyl. In this view the diene can be considered as a μ-metalated π (η3-)allyl or a 2− ligand. The W−W distances are 2.471(1) A in 2 and 2.464(1) A in 3, consistent with a (WW)8+ core. T...
Studies of hyperlipidemia in drug-induced diabetic rats by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract A hyperlipidemic condition is often associated with diabetes. The possibility that specific serum lipids (i.e., individual triglycerides or cholesterol esters) may be altered in the diabetic state was investigated. Serum lipids from both controls and streptozotocin- and alloxantreated rats were separated into approximately twenty chromatographic fractions by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; a number of individual triglycerides and cholesterol esters were identified. The methodology described allowed subtle changes in individual lipid components to be detected. Only minor variations in the cholesterol and cholesterol ester fractions were observed between the control and diabetic samples. While not uniform throughout, elevations in the triglyceride fractions occurred in the diabetics. Also, differences in triglyceride content were found to exist between the groups of streptozotocin- and alloxan-treated animals.
Numerical solution of Stefan problems using automatic differentiation

Abstract One-dimensional Stefan problems are described by a parabolic partial–differential equation, along with two boundary conditions on a moving boundary. The moving boundary needs to be determined as part of the solution. In this paper, we develop a simple numerical method for solving such problems using a technique known as automatic differentiation. The method obtains a Taylor series expansion for the solution whose coefficients are computed using recursive formulas derived from the differential equation itself. We illustrate the method using the Stefan problem concerning the heat transfer in an ice–water medium. The computational results obtained by the present method are in excellent agreement with the results reported previously by other researchers.