cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design considerations for optimizing the sensitivity of catalytic calorimetric gas sensors: modeling and experimental results

Abstract A large demand exists for sensors which are capable of measuring the various gas constituents that are present in automotive exhaust. Future advancements in engine control systems and on-board diagnostics for monitoring tailpipe emissions rely critically on the development of such devices. Sensors designed to employ the principle of differential calorimetry have been identified as among the more promising candidates for near-term automotive use in the detection of hydrocarbons and other combustible species. These calorimetric devices essentially consist of two temperature sensing elements, one of which has been coated with a catalytic layer. Heat generated from oxidation of combustible species raises the temperature of the catalytically coated element relative to the other, thus providing a measure of the concentration of combustibles in the exhaust. To date, several different prototype calorimetric devices have been evaluated under laboratory and dynamometer conditions. The sensitivity of the devices tested, measured as temperature rise per concentration of combustible, has typically been about an order of magnitude less than that theoretically possible. In this paper, we examine how the choice of calorimeter design affects the optimum achievable sensitivity. Simple physical arguments are applied to explain why the sensors tested thus far have demonstrated sensitivities substantially lower than theoretical limits. We discuss an alternate design configuration which significantly improves the calorimeter sensitivity. Results are presented from an analytical model describing this calorimeter design and from a simple experiment which validates the salient features predicted by the model.
Relative influence of perceivers and perceived on attribution of person concepts

In several studies the relative influence of the perceiver and the perceived on the categories of person perception has been examined, but relatively little is known about descriptive relationships between the self and others. Discrepancies between the implicit personality theory attributed to others and to oneself were examined among 20 participants for 8 lists of trait words. Findings showed that within-subject congruency in self-other descriptions exceeded agreement between subjects, and that participants tended to be consistently congruent or incongruent for all traits. Discrepancy in self-other attributions appears to be functionally related to the purposes and outcomes of interaction and the perception of social roles in terms of significant and generalized others.
Post-natal developmental changes in myocardial contractility of the female wistar rat☆

The intrinsic contractile properties of papillary muscles isolated from female Wistar rats during post-natal development were examined. In addition, the myocardial responsiveness to certain inotropic interventions was studied. In muscles from 60-day-old animals, the velocity of shortening was markedly greater than muscles from animals greater than or equal to 180 days old. These findings occurred in the presence and absence of added norepinephrine or calcium and over a wide range of contraction frequency. No major age-related differences in responsiveness to the various inotropic agents was observed. Isometric tension was significantly higher in muscles from animals greater than or equal to 180 days of age when compared to 60-day-old rats. Thus, post-natal development profoundly affects the intrinsic contractile state of cardiac muscle, with the force of contraction increasing and the speed of shortening decreasing as animals age.
Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with interferon therapy for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia: coincidence or true side effect?

BACKGROUND Interferon-α (rIFN-α) is an established therapy for patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Unusual immune-mediated side effects have been associated with rIFN-α therapy. The association of rIFN-α therapy with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has been reported infrequently. METHODS Two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) treated with rIFN-α–based regimens at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center developed thrombotic microangiopathy (HUS/TTP). The course of their disease is described. A third patient who developed renal failure while receiving rIFN-α therapy and had no other causative factor for his renal failure is also described. RESULTS The patients were ages 24, 49, and 36 years, and they had received rIFN-α therapy for 37, 67, and 92 months, respectively, prior to the development of the disorder. One patient had discontinued rIFN-α 1 month before the event because of presumed rIFN-α–related cardiomyopathy. Two patients received hydroxyurea and cytarabine as part of their therapy. No patient was receiving any medication known to be associated with HUS/TTP. None had a history of diarrheal illness, but Escherichia coli OH157.H7 was grown from the stool of one patient. Two patients responded to plasmapheresis with normalization of counts and other indices, but both developed renal failure and became dependent on dialysis. One patient had evidence of disease progression and died of multiorgan failure. The third patient required dialysis for 18 months but is currently off dialysis; this patient has some residual renal impairment. CONCLUSIONS Although no definitive association between rIFN-α therapy and thrombotic microangiopathies can be concluded from these data, these and other previously reported cases suggest that HUS/TTP is a rare side effect of rIFN-α therapy that should be managed in the standard fashion. Hypotheses regarding the mechanism underlying this association are discussed in this article. Cancer 1999;85:2583–8. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Modified many-body wave function for BCS-BEC crossover in Fermi gases

We present a many-body formalism for BCS-BEC crossover, which represents a modification of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-Leggett ground state to include four-fermion and higher correlations. In the Bose-Einstein condensate regime, we show how our approach contains the four-fermion behavior of Petrov et al. and associated scattering length a{sub dd} at short distances and, second, reduces to composite-boson Bogoliubov physics at long distances. It reproduces the Lee-Yang term, whose numerical value is also fixed by a{sub dd}. We have also examined the next term beyond the Lee-Yang correction in a phenomenological fashion, building on cloud size data and collective mode experiments, although one has to view this phenomenological analysis with some caution since experiments are in a state of flux and are performed close to unitarity.
PRINCIPLE AND PRAGMATISM IN THE COMPENSATION DEBATE

If there is a single principle explaining the relation between tort liability and other systems of compensating the injured and disabled, its content has never been clear on either side of the Atlantic. On the American side, 50 different jurisdictions and legislatures have produced 50 different bodies of law, and, at least in theory, 50 different relations. On the British side, according to Jane Stapleton's Disease and the Compensation Debate,' the absence of such legal Balkanization has not enabled the search for principle to fare very much better. Misfortune may be handled in a variety of ways: by reimbursing loss through tort or other third-party compensation schemes; through social insurance and welfare programmes; or by leaving victims to deal with misfortune themselves through the purchase of first-party insurance, reliance on familial or charitable support, adjustment to a change of fortune, or simply by suffering. In practice we use these approaches in different combinations to deal with different kinds of misfortune. Stapleton argues that the tort and social insurance systems have drawn an unprincipled distinction between injuries and disabilities, readily providing compensation for the victims of traumatic accidents but too often leaving the victims of disease to deal with that misfortune through their own devices.
Progress on the Fabrication of On-Chip, Integrated Chalcogenide Glass (ChG)-Based Sensors

Optical sensor technologies for chemical detection have advanced over the past decade. We report progress on the material design, fabrication and performance of high-Q chalcogenide glass resonators utilizing cavity-enhancement for high sensitivity MIR chemical sensing.
Respiratory rhythm generation: converging concepts from in vitro and in vivo approaches?

The timing and activation pattern of breathing movements are determined by the respiratory network. This network is amenable to a variety of in vivo and in vitro approaches, which offers a unique opportunity to investigate multiple organizational levels. It is only recently, however, that concepts obtained under in vivo and in vitro conditions are being integrated into a coherent model of breathing behavior. For example, the pre-Botzinger complex as an essential site for rhythm generation was first identified in vitro, but has since been verified in vivo. Conversely, timing signals provided by other central and peripheral neuronal areas have so far been investigated in vivo, but it is now possible to address these issues with more complex in vitro preparations. Several key issues remain unresolved. For example, to what extent is the respiratory pattern controlled independently of the underlying rhythm? Answers to this and other questions require a dissection of mechanisms that is only possible through a complementary combination of experimental approaches.
Potential energy surface and quantum dynamics study of rovibrational states for HO3 (X 2A

An analytic potential energy surface has been constructed by fitting to about 28 thousand energy points for the electronic ground-state (X 2A″) of HO3. The energy points are calculated using a hybrid density functional HCTH and a large basis set aug-cc-pVTZ, i.e., a HCTH/aug-cc-pVTZ density functional theory (DFT) method. The DFT calculations show that the trans-HO3 isomer is the global minimum with a potential well depth of 9.94 kcal mol−1 with respect to the OH + O2 asymptote. The equilibrium geometry of the cis-HO3 conformer is located 1.08 kcal mol−1 above that of the trans-HO3 one with an isomerization barrier of 2.41 kcal mol−1 from trans- to cis-HO3. By using this surface, a rigorous quantum dynamics (QD) study has been carried out for computing the rovibrational energy levels of HO3. The calculated results determine a dissociation energy of 6.15 kcal mol−1, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of Lesteret al. [J. Phys. Chem. A, 2007, 111, 4727.]
Right-left and up-down are equally discriminable in the absence of directional words

Maki, Grandy, and Hauge (1979) found that right-left discriminations were not more difficult than up-down discriminations when no directional words were used. However, Farrell (1979) found that right-left discriminations took longer than up-down discriminations in a non-verbal go/no-go task. Two experiments were conducted to isolate the reasons for the different results. No directional words were used in either experiment, and there was no difference between response times to right-left and up-down stimuli in several different conditions. While there may have been some subtle procedural difference between Farrell’s procedures and ours, generally, right-left discriminations do not seem to take longer than up-down discriminations when directional words are not used.
Managing Laboratory Test Use: Principles and Tools

It is difficult for unaided physicians to keep up with the scientific advances and changing practice guidelines relevant to ordering and interpreting laboratory tests. Overordering, underordering, and misordering of tests are all common, and specific practices vary tremendously from community to community. Pathologists and clinical laboratory scientists have valuable knowledge that can help treating physicians provide higher-quality and more cost-effective care. Laboratorians can use online test catalogs to steer physicians toward optimal test algorithms, with hyperlinking to journal articles, clinical guidelines, and other reference materials. Retrospective audit of ordering patterns can efficiently pinpoint educational needs specific to a physician community.
Realities of Newer β-Blockers for the Management of Hypertension

Beta-blockers are prescribed for a variety of cardiovascular conditions including hypertension, heart failure, primary treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), and secondary prevention of ischemic cardiac events. Yet they remain underprescribed in populations at increased risk for cardiovascular disease because of tolerability and safety concerns. Beta-blockers are heterogeneous with respect to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects. "Original" agents were nonselective, blocking both beta1-adrenoceptors and beta2-adrenoceptors. Later, new agents were developed with selectivity for beta1-adrenoceptors, and were subsequently followed by beta-blockers, which exhibit additional effects, such as vasodilation. Among newer agents, labetalol, carvedilol, and nebivolol have been approved for use in the United States. Nebivolol possesses both beta1-selectivity and nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatory effects, while carvedilol has attractive effects on insulin resistance and exhibits antioxidant effects. Newer beta-blockers may overcome concerns about efficacy, adverse effects, and tolerability, while delivering cardiovascular protection.
Native Defects, Diffusion, Self-Compensation, and Boron Doping in Cubic Silicon Carbide

We report the results of a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the effects of stoi-chiometry and boron doping on the properties of cubic SiC. Supercell calculations using ab initio pseudopotentials show that the lowest energy defect in Si-rich n-type and intrinsic SiC is the electrically inactive Sic antisite, while Vc++ is the lowest energy defect in p-type SiC. The electrons released by the carbon vacancies compensate acceptor dopants and lead to strong self-compensation effects when doping occurs during the growth of crystal. In C-rich SiC the dominant defect for all Fermi level positions is the electrically inactive CSi antisite. In stoichiometric and Si-rich cubic SiC, the BC site is energetically preferred, while BC and BSi have similar incorporation energies in C-rich material. In heavily doped p-type SiC the diffusion of BC proceeds by the dissociative (Frank-Turnbull) mechanism.
Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve during carotid artery surgery: Case report and literature review

The anomalous position of a nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve predisposes it to injury during surgery in the neck. We present the case of a patient who underwent a carotid endarterectomy in which a rare left nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve was found intraoperatively. This abnormality, which occurs much less often on the left than the right side of the neck, should be familiar to vascular surgeons. Historical, embryologic, and surgical significance of this anomaly is addressed.
Photoresponse of Visible Light Active Carbon-Modified -n-TiO2 Thin Films

Carbon-modified (CM)-n-TiO 2 films of different carbon contents were synthesized by spray pyrolysis of glucose containing TiCl 4 solution. The resulting films exhibit significant dependence of photocurrent on their carbon contents; the increase in the carbon doping enhanced the photoresponse of n-TiO 2 films. It was found that carbon doping reduced the bandgap energy of TiO 2 from 3.2 to 2.78 eV and created a new energy band which lies 1.45 eV above the valence band. These bandgap modifications of n-TiO 2 extended the utilization of solar energy up to the visible region, leading to the enhancement in the photoresponse of CM-n-TiO 2 .
Relationship between the adrenal cortex and thymic involution in "lethargic" mutant mice.

To determine if the adrenal gland plays a role in the thymic involution which occurs spontaneously in “lethargic” mutant mice, three different studies were made. Morphological studies were made first to determine if there was an indication of histological changes in the adrenal glands. Next, serum levels of corticosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Finally, mice were unilaterally adrenalectomized to see if such treatment would improve various symptoms of “lethargic” mutants. Results of the studies showed that lipid granules in the cortical cells of “lethargic” mutants were greatly reduced in number during the time of spontaneous thymic involution, and the mutant mice had a significantly higher level of serum corticosterone than the normal controls. Mutant mice unilaterally adrenalectomized at 15 days of age showed a marked improvement in their condition and their mortality rate decreased. It is concluded that spontaneous thymic involution of “lethargic” mutants is probably associated with adrenocortical hypersecretion.
The designer's outpost: a task-centered tangible interface for web site information design

The Designer's Outpost is a tangible user interface that combines the affordances of paper and large physical workspaces with the advantages of electronic media to support information design of web sites. We are developing a system to support the practices used by designers during the early phases of information design. We have created and evaluated a low-fi prototype, and are implementing a revised design. Designers will interact with the system by writing on physical Post-it Notes, arranging them on the digital desk in related groups, and drawing links between them. The system tracks the Post-its using computer vision and captures links among Post-its and groups with a stylus.
Needle versus excisional biopsy for noninvasive and invasive breast cancer: report from the National Cancer Data Base, 2003-2008.

Needle biopsy to diagnose breast cancer may soon become a quality measure for which hospitals are held accountable. This study examines the utilization of needle versus excisional biopsy in a contemporary cohort of patients and identifies factors associated with biopsy type. Women with nonmetastatic, clinical Tis–T3 breast cancers diagnosed between 2003 and 2008 were selected from the National Cancer Data Base, which captures information from ~79% of breast cancers in the United States. Patients whose cancer was diagnosed by needle biopsy (fine-needle aspiration or core) were compared with patients diagnosed via excision, analyzing patient, hospital, and tumor characteristics. Logistic regression was used to identify important predictors of biopsy type. Of 373,837 patients, 303,677 (81.2%) underwent needle biopsy while 70,160 (18.8%) had excisional biopsy to diagnose their cancer. The needle biopsy rate increased from 73.8 to 86.7% whereas excisional biopsy declined from 26.2 to 13.3% over the study period (P < 0.001). In 2008, patients were statistically significantly more likely to undergo excisional biopsy if they had stage 0 disease; were treated at low-volume (<25 cases/year), community, or Atlantic census region hospitals; were <40 years old at diagnosis; were less educated; or were Asian/Pacific Islander (P < 0.001). The median rate of needle biopsy at high-volume hospitals (≥140 cases/year) was 89.6%. The use of needle biopsy is increasing. Tumor stage, hospital volume, and hospital location were the most statistically significant predictors of biopsy type. Rates of needle biopsy at high-volume hospitals suggest that appropriate utilization of this preferred diagnostic method should approach 90%.
Emotional Distress and Mental Health Service Use Among Urban Homeless Adolescents

The Expanded Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations was used to examine the predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with mental health service use in a homeless adolescent sample (N = 688). Among all youth, 32% perceived a need for help with mental health problems and 15% met Brief-Symptom Inventory (BSI) criteria for emotional distress. The rate of mental health service use in our sample was 32%. One enabling factor, having a case manager/discussed mental health concerns, and one need factor, which met criteria for BSI, were found to be associated with mental health service use in the past 3 months. The majority of youth who used mental health services had obtained services from crisis centers. Among those who perceived a need for help with mental health problems but who did not use services, the most common barrier was not knowing where to go or what service to use (57%). These findings suggest that due to the high prevalence of mental health problems among homeless youth, it would be helpful for service providers coming into contact with youth to make them aware of existing community resources for mental health services; making youth aware of these resources may in turn decrease the rate of crisis center use and instead allow youth to receive mental health services in outpatient settings that provide continuity of care.
Demographic Correlates of Sexual and Dating Attitudes: A Study of Date Rape

A probabilistic sample of 449 students from a major university completed the sexual and dating attitudes survey. The responses to the survey questions were compared among the demographic groups of sex, race, age, and religiosity through the use of a test of association and a corresponding test of significance. In addition, two scales were created by examining the attitudinal items through a principal component factor analysis process. The study found that attitudes relating to sex, dating, and date rape are strongly related to gender, with males significantly more likely to hold attitudes condoning aggressive sexual behavior. Implications of these findings were discussed, as were possible solutions to the epidemic level of date rape.
OSU-2: generating referring expressions with a maximum entropy classifier

Selection of natural-sounding referring expressions is useful in text generation and information summarization (Kan et al., 2001). We use discourse-level feature predicates in a maximum entropy classifier (Berger et al., 1996) with binary and n-class classification to select referring expressions from a list. We find that while mention-type n-class classification produces higher accuracy of type, binary classification of individual referring expressions helps to avoid use of awkward referring expressions.
Double-bond patterns of fatty acids and alcohols in steer and human meibomian gland lipids

Ozonolysis studies of the monoenes of the fatty chain types in lipids of steer meibomian gland excreta (meibum) have confirmed earlier structural assignments based on gas liquid chromatography (GLC) retention data and have assisted in assigning complete structures to a group of recently identified ω-hydroxy fatty acids. The ω-hydroxy acids include straight-chain monoenoic acids (85%), saturated anteiso and iso acids (13%), monoenoic acids of the latter group (1%) and, finally, saturates of the normal monoenoic acids (1%). All the fatty chains of meibum can be biosynthesized by a unified process of chain buildup to primary chain lengths of 12∶0–20∶0 for the straight evens, with 16∶0 predominating, 13∶0–21∶0 for the straight odds with 17∶0 predominating, i16∶0 to i28∶0 for the iso and ai17∶0 to ai29∶0 for the anteiso chain types; then Δ9 desaturation of each of these chain types; and finally chain elongation of 1–10 C2 units. Some chain degradation may also occur. The meibum lipid components involved are unsubstituted fatty acids, α-OH fatty acids, ω-OH fatty acids, fatty alcohols and some other lipid components incompletely characterized. The carbon skeletons are straight even, straight odd, iso and anteiso except that the α-OH fatty acids are only straight even and straight odd and these chains are not elongated. All fatty chains are almost entirely saturated and monoenoic, the polyenes occurring in only trace amounts. Biosynthesis of the fatty chains of human meibum evidently occurs similarly, except that considerably more 18∶0 than 16∶0 fatty acids are built up by the fatty acid synthetase, before desaturation and extension.
Activation of opioid μ-receptors, but not δ- or κ-receptors, switches pulmonary C-fiber-mediated rapid shallow breathing into an apnea in anesthetized rats.

Abstract Rapid shallow breathing (RSB) is mainly mediated by bronchopulmonary C-fibers (PCFs). We asked whether this RSB could be modulated by opioids. In anesthetized rats right atrial bolus injection of phenylbiguanide (PBG) to evoke RSB was repeated after: (1) intravenously giving fentanyl (μ-receptor agonist), DPDPE (δ-receptor agonist), or U-50488H (κ-receptor agonist); (2) fentanyl (iv) following naloxone methiodide, a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist; (3) bilateral microinjection of fentanyl into the nodose ganglia; (4) fentanyl (iv) with pre-blocking histamine H 1 and H 2 receptors by diphenhydramine and ranitidine. Systemic fentanyl challenge, but not DPDPE or U-50488H, switched the PBG-induced RSB to a long lasting apnea. This switch was blocked by naloxone methiodide rather than diphenhydramine and ranitidine. After microinjecting fentanyl into the nodose ganglia, PBG also produced an apnea. Our results suggest that activating μ-receptors is capable of turning the PCF-mediated RSB into an apnea, at least partly, via facilitating PCFs’ activity and this switching effect appears independent of the released histamine.
Decreased Affinity of Phosphorylase a for Glucose-1-phosphate in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes of a Patient with Glycogenosis Type VI

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are normally used for the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease (GSD) type VI (McKusick 23270), caused by the inherited deficiency of glycogen phosphorylase. Although the tissue for the investigation is readily available, little is known about the enzymatic defect(s). The deficiency of glycogen phosphorylase may be due to the reduced number of normal molecules of phosphorylase or to a structural change or changes in this protein.
High latitude H I shells in the galaxy. I

A search has been made for H I shells in the 21-cm maps made by Heiles and Habing (1974) for absolute values of galactic latitude greater than 10 deg. A filter in the velocity dimension was used to enhance shell features over background gas. Positions, expansion velocities, column densities, and angular extents were measured for the 50 shells that were discovered. Incorporating distance estimates, masses and kinetic energies were estimated for the shells. A striking result was the failure of swept-up matter in a standard model for gas in the disk (density at the midplane approximately 1/cu cm; exponential scale height approximately 130 pc) to reproduce the observed shell column densities. While measured shell densities may be insufficiently corrected for background gas, the magnitude of this effect is too large to be explained by such a discrepancy alone. This may suggest that the shells seen in this survey occur in regions of relatively high density. The distribution of H I shells was compared with the distribution of other large-scale features in the Galaxy: H I shell structures are found to correlate with the positions of radio continuum loops I, II, and III, and to show little relation to the distribution of O and B stars.
Δ9-THC and N-arachidonoyl glycine regulate BV-2 microglial morphology and cytokine release plasticity: implications for signaling at GPR18

Microglial cells are extremely plastic and undergo a variety of CNS-prompted shape changes relative to their location and current role. Signaling molecules from neurons also regulate microglial cytokine production. Neurons are known to employ the endogenous cannabinoid system to communicate with other cells of the CNS. N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) signaling via GPR18 has been introduced as an important new target in microglial-neuronal communication. Our hypothesis is that endogenous NAGly-GPR18 signaling regulates phenotypic shape and cytokine production in microglia, and is mimicked by Δ9-THC in the BV-2 microglia model system. BV-2 microglia were exposed to NAGly and Δ9-THC or Vh for 12 hours, which resulted in significant differences in the cell morphologies expressed. Cannabidiol (CBD) was effective at antagonizing the effects of both NAGly and Δ9-THC. Using ELISA-based microarrays, BV-2 microglia were exposed to NAGly and Δ9-THC or Vh for 3 hours and the presence of 40 cytokines in the culture media quantified. Production of Axl, CD40, IGF-I, OPN and Pro-MMP-9 were significantly altered by NAGly and Δ9-THC, and antagonized by CBD. These data add to an emerging profile that emphasizes NAGly as a component of an endogenous system present in the CNS that tightly integrates microglial proliferation, recruitment and adhesion with neuron-glia interactivity and tissue remodeling.
Economics and black people

Economics and black people are both poorly understood by the public at large. Economics is often confused with (1) business m~agement , (2) general money making, or (3) moralistic evaluations of economic problems. Economics is essentially a cause-and-effect analysis of the production and distribution of goods and resources. Few, ff any, economic principles apply exclusively to black people, and so in that sense there is no "black economics," any more than there is "black mathematics." Yet many of the problems of black p e o p l e and more importantly, the solutions to those p r o b l e m s involve an understanding of economics concepts and analysis. In this sense, economics is not only "relevant" to black people but is vitally important. This can be illustrated by the usefulness of the economic concept of "human capital" and by the economic analysis of various approaches to black economic development.
Effect of uniaxial stress on coarsening of precipitate clusters

The influence of moderate applied uniaxial stresses (σapp/C 44 ≈ 10−3) on the coarsening behavior of misfitting coherent precipitates in binary alloys has been studied. Three-dimensional (3-D) computer simulations of the coarsening have been performed for elastically homogeneous systems with tetragonal misfit strain and elastically heterogeneous systems with dilatational misfit strain. Precipitate shapes are restricted to spheres. Results depend on the sign of the misfit strain, the sign of the applied field, and the character of the elastic heterogeneity: precipitates softer than the matrix phase with positive (negative) misfit strain align along the direction of the applied stress for compressive (tensile) fields and arrange in planes perpendicular to it for tensile (compressive) fields. Precipitates harder than the matrix behave in the opposite way.
Afferent and efferent innervation patterns of the cochlear nucleus (dorsal medullary nucleus) of the leopard frog

The afferent and efferent innervation patterns of the frog dorsal medullary nucleus (DMN; anuran homolog of the cochlear nucleus) were examined by studying the anterograde and retrograde transport patterns of horseradish peroxidase injected focally into the nucleus. It was found that this structure projected bilaterally to the superior olivary nuclei (SON) and dorsal midbrain tegmental nuclei, and contralaterally to the opposite DMN, the lateral lemniscus nucleus (LLN) and the torus semicircularis (TS). The termination sites in the TS were restricted to the laminar and principal nuclei. The DMN in turn received projections from these structures with the exception of the TS and dorsal tegmental nuclei. The projection to the ipsilateral LLN and TS was not pronounced. In addition to the above findings, the ascending projection to the DMN, SON and TS, as well as the centrifugal projection from the SON, were found to be organized tonotopically.
Deformation consolidation of metal powders containing steel inclusions

Abstract Uniaxial consolidation experiments have been conducted at room temperature for two deformable metal powders (1100 Al and Pb5%Sb) containing various amounts of spherical steel inclusions. The experiments illustrate that the inclusion phase offers little constraint to matrix deformation at volume fractions
Studies of the mechanism of vitamin E action. III. In vitro copolymerization of oxidized fats with protein.

Abstract Yellow-brown copolymers having properties similar to the pigments characteristic of vitamin E deficiency and in vivo unsaturated fat oxidation are readily formed by the oxidation of unsaturated fats in the presence of proteins. The rate of copolymer formation is increased by the presence of amino compounds in the order: protein > protein hydrolyzate > amino acid. The hematin compounds, hemoglobin, cytochrome c, and hemin, are catalysts for copolymer formation from cod-liver oil-caseinate mixtures and function mainly as unsaturated fat oxidation catalysts. Linoleic acid and cod-liver oil readily form copolymers in the presence of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is probably the most important catalyst for in vivo copolymer formation. Phenolic antioxidants inhibit polymer formation by inhibition of unsaturated fat oxidation. Large amounts of protein can be incorporated into copolymers with a subsequent loss of some of the physical and chemical properties of the protein. The copolymers also contain a relatively large amount of oxygen which was removed from the air during unsaturated fat oxidation. The amount of lipide and amino compounds in the copolymers can vary over a wide range. The mechanism of copolymer formation probably involves active aldehyde browning concurrent with unsaturated fat oxidation. The in vivo changes in catalytic and structural proteins due to vitamin E deficiency may result directly from the reaction of unsaturated fat oxidation products with protein. The explanation that the vitamin E group functions principally as an unsaturated fat antioxidant is supported.
The Heavy Rain Event of 29 October 2000 in Hana, Maui*

Abstract On 29 October 2000, the Hana region of Maui received 700 mm of rain in 7 h. Radar analyses revealed that the storm consisted of seven cells that were initiated along the southeast slope of Haleakala volcano. One of these cells survived for nearly 4 h and was responsible for 80% of the volumetric rainout from the storm. The interaction of low-level flow distorted by the island of Hawaii located farther east, the passage of a trough, and the topographic forcing caused by Haleakala volcano were major factors responsible for the evolution of the storm.
Global bifurcations into chaos in systems with SO(2) symmetry

Abstract An analysis of a Landau-Ginzburg equation possessing SO(2) symmetry shows that phase differences become locked and are represented by fixed points on a circle. All transitions into chaos found in a study of a two-mode truncation are global bifurcations in which structurally unstable heteroclinic cycles connect locked phase differences.
The Intersection of Service-Learning and Moral Growth.

This chapter highlights emerging research and implications for service-learning and moral development. Sections explore questions and considerations, including a reflective planning tool for increasing moral growth opportunities within postsecondary service-learning environments.
Contesting Ancient Mediterranean Sport

This essay sketches the ways in which ancient sport history has come of age in the last century or so, and suggests selectively some timely themes in the study of ancient Mediterranean sport. It begins with two observations about this area of study: first the extent and the limits of the legacy of Greek and Roman sport in the world tradition; and second, the limits and biases of ancient sources. Then there is a brief discussion of how the study of ancient sport was in some ways marginalized until the late twentieth century, but then has emerged with an exciting new dynamism in recent years, epitomized by the work of the contributors to this present collection.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma with 8q24 Chromosomal Abnormalities: a Report of 5 Cases with Blastoid Features

The t(11;14)(q13;q32) resulting in cyclin D1 overexpression is consistently present in mantle cell lymphoma. However secondary chromosomal aberrations are also extremely common. Of these, 8q24 abnormalities associated with the t(11;14) are rare. Over the course of 10 years at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, we identified five cases of mantle cell lymphoma in which conventional cytogenetic analysis revealed complex karyotypes, including the t(11;14) and 8q24 abnormalities: one with t(8;14)(q24;q32), one with t(2;8)(q13;q24), and three with add(8)(q24). We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on all cases. In the case with the t(8;14), IgH/myc fusion signals were identified, and in the case with the t(2;8), split c-myc signals were detected. In the three cases with add(8)(q24), one case had split c-myc signals and two cases had three copies of c-myc. Thus, the c-myc gene was involved in all cases. All five neoplasms had blastoid morphologic features, and four cases, including the cases with the t(8;14) and t(2;8), had leukemic involvement. We conclude that 8q24 abnormalities involving the c-myc gene are uncommon secondary abnormalities that occur in a subset of mantle cell lymphomas. C-myc gene abnormalities are associated with blastoid cytologic features and also may be associated with leukemic involvement.
The use of barbed sutures during scoliosis fusion wound closure: a quality improvement analysis.

BACKGROUND Growing evidence in the orthopaedic arthroplasty literature supports the use of running bidirectional barbed suture (barbed suture) for closure of knee arthrotomies. More rapid wound closure and suture line integrity are described as its major advantages. No studies of barbed suture for the closure of posterior spinal wounds exist. The purpose of this project is to compare wound closure times and hospital charges using traditional closure versus barbed suture closure of posterior spine wounds created during scoliosis surgery. METHODS A quality improvement project was initiated at a single tertiary-referral children's hospital spine program evaluating traditional layered interrupted suture closure (group 1) and running bidirectional barbed suture closure (Quill SRS) (group 2). Data regarding wound closure time, length of incision, fusion levels, suture cost, and hospital charges were prospectively collected over a 1-month period. RESULTS Ten incisions comprised group 1 and 15 comprised group 2. The average wound closure times were 29.5 and 17 minutes, respectively, P=0.006. The wound lengths between the groups were statistically comparable (P=0.15). Taking into account the wound length, the average closure time in group 1 was 1.29 cm/min compared with 1.97 cm/min in group 2 (P<0.01). When accounting for the extra cost associated with the use of barbed sutures ($62.54; P<0.0001), the impact of a more rapid closure resulted in a difference in hospital charges of $884.60 per case (P=0.0013). CONCLUSIONS Barbed suture closure of spinal fusion incisions results in a 40% reduction in closure time, resulting in an $884.60 decrease in hospital charges related to operating room time. This may represent significant yearly cost savings in a high-volume spine fusion center and warrants further investigation comparing patient-related outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE This quality improvement analysis provides preliminary economic justification for using barbed suture for scoliosis fusion wound closure resulting in decreased operating room times and subsequent hospital charges. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II-therapeutic study, prospective nonrandomized cohort.
ETD2MARC: A semiautomated workflow for cataloging electronic theses and dissertations

This article describes a semiautomated workflow for cataloging electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs). A perl script is used to query the metadata in an institutional ETD database and create a machine-readable cataloging (MARC) record for each ETD. The MARC records are imported into the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) WorldCat database using the Connexion service, proofread, updated, and exported to the local catalog. Topics discussed are the cataloging decisions that were made prior to the creation of the script, the benefits, and limitations of this workflow, future applications of the workflow, and future opportunities for research.
Atomic oxygen density measurement of a nanosecond pulsed helium plasma jet in ambient air

Summary form only given. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure, helium plasma jet was generated in ambient air with a hollow electrode-based device that was powered by 100 ns, 6 kV pulses. The promising biomedical application of this cold plasma jet for biofilm-mediated infectious disease control1 motivates diagnostic studies of the reactive plasma species that may contribute significantly to the bactericidal activity. Temporal development and spatial distribution of atomic oxygen density in the pulsed plasma jet were measured using two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Radially symmetric, the atomic oxygen density distribution along the axis exhibits a wave-like propagating behavior. The entrainment effect of the ambient air on the production of atomic oxygen is discussed.
Shielding and Antishielding Effects for Various Ions and Atomic Systems

We report the results of calculations of several shielding and antishielding effects pertaining to the hyperfine structure of various ions and atomic systems. The following shielding (or antishielding) parameters have been considered in the present work: (1) the parameter ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2}$ for the rare-earth ions, which measures the reduction of the ${A}_{2}{r}^{2}{P}_{2}(cos\ensuremath{\theta})$ term of the crystal field at the location of the $4f$ electrons due to the shielding effect of the more external $5s$ and $5p$ electrons; (2) the quadrupole antishielding factor ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ which gives the total quadrupole moment induced in the closed shells of an ion by the nuclear quadrupole moment $Q$; (3) the corresponding atomic shielding factor $R$ which describes the effect of the induced quadrupole moment on the valence electrons; (4) the hexadecapole antishielding factor ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$, which is analogous to ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$, except that it pertains to the induced hexadecapole (16-pole) moment produced by a possible nuclear electric hexadecapole moment. The calculated values of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2}$ for the ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$ ions are in good agreement with the experimental results. We have obtained improved values of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ for the following ions: ${\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{I}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$. The atomic shielding factor $R$ has been calculated for the $4f$ electrons of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$, and was found to be in reasonable agreement with experiment. A discussion is given of the most likely regions of atomic number for which it might be possible to detect a nuclear hexadecapole moment. In addition, an evaluation of the second-order terms in the antishielding factor ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ for the ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion has been carried out. Expressions for ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}(nl\ensuremath{\rightarrow}l\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)$ for the case of hydrogenic wave functions have been obtained.
Brief Report: Differential oxidations of estradiol-17β by the chimpanzee in vivo.

The metabolism of estradiol-17β is primarily an oxidative process at either carbon-2 or carbon-16 in the human. The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of these two oxygenation pathways in the chimpanzee. The rate of oxidation of estradiol-17β at each position was determined by measuring the release of tritium into body water from carbon-2 or carbon-16. [2-3H]-Estradiol-17β or [16-3H]-estradiol-17β was injected intravenously into three adult male chimpanzees, and blood samples were obtained at several time intervals between 1 and 48 hr. The blood was lyophilized, and the release of tritium from the specifically labeled estrogens into the body fluid pool was determined. The release of tritium from the 16α-position was very low and did not exceed 3% in any animal. The release of tritium from the carbon-2 was much faster, amounting to 29%, 34%, and 35%, respectively, by 24 hr. The ratio of tritium released from carbon-2:carbon-16 was 5.0, 13.2 and 16.9, respectively, at 24 hr after injection of the specifically labeled estradiol-17β. These results demonstrate clearly that the major pathway for oxidative metabolism of estradiol-17β in the chimpanzee is via oxygenation at carbon-2, with the formation of catechol estrogens, as in the human.
Central skull base osteomyelitis: an emerging clinical entity.

Objectives/Hypothesis Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) most commonly results as a complication of otitis externa in diabetic patients. Central or atypical presentations, unrelated to aural pathology, have been documented, though restricted to small patient series or case reports. The current study systematically analyzed the literature to construct the clinical profile of this rare entity. Study Design Systematic review of case series. Methods The MEDLINE database was searched for all published cases of central SBO. Four additional cases were included from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Statistical analysis was performed to identify trends affecting overall outcomes or differences in treatment. Results A total of 42 cases were included with mean age of 52 years and male:female ratio of 2.2:1. The most common presenting symptoms were headaches and cranial nerve palsies, including VI (31%), IX (29%), and X (29%). Staphylococcus aureus (21%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%) were the two most common causative pathogens. The mean duration of antimicrobial therapy was 21 weeks, with 55% requiring intravenous antibiotics for a mean duration of 6.9 weeks. Twenty of 42 patients (48%) received surgical biopsy for diagnosis, whereas 18 patients (43%) required adjunct surgical debridement. Women were more likely than men to require multiple courses of therapy (46% vs. 7%, P = .01). The overall mortality was 9.5%, with an additional 31% experiencing residual neurological dysfunction. Conclusions Osteomyelitis of the central skull base poses significant challenges for timely and accurate diagnosis. Aggressive management with antimicrobials, coupled with surgical debridement in select cases, may avoid serious neurologic morbidity and mortality. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 124:1083–1087, 2014
Assessing platelet and fibrinogen contribution to clot strength using modified thromboelastography in pregnant women.

UNLABELLED The monoclonal antibody fragment c7E3 Fab (ReoPro), by binding to platelet surface fibrinogen receptors (glycoprotein, GPIIb/IIIa), inhibits platelet aggregation and its interaction with fibrinogen. In this study, we used thromboelastography with ReoPro to evaluate the independent contribution of fibrinogen and platelets to clot strength. Thromboelastography was performed in 21 healthy, term parturients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery with 360 microL of celite-activated whole blood and with 5 microL of (2 mg/mL) ReoPro added to 355 microL of celite-activated whole blood. The contribution of platelets to clot strength (MAplt) was derived by subtracting MAfib (maximal amplitude with ReoPro) from MAwb (maximal amplitude with whole blood). Thus, MAwb - MAfib = MAplt. The value for MAwb (mean +/- SD) was 73+/-4 mm, for MAfib it was 33+/-5 mm, and for MAplt it was 40+/-3 mm. The contribution of fibrinogen and platelets to the MAplt was 45% and 55%, respectively. Modified thromboelastography using ReoPro in healthy parturients can be used to determine the contribution of fibrinogen and platelets to blood clot strength. IMPLICATIONS Determining the independent contribution of platelets and fibrinogen to the maximal amplitude of thromboelastography using c7E3 Fab may further improve the use of thromboelastography in detecting and treating coagulation defects.