cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Treatment with Buprenorphine/Naloxone in Primary Care: Results at 2-5 Years

To examine long-term outcomes with primary care office-based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment, we followed 53 opioid-dependent patients who had already demonstrated six months of documented clinical stability for 2–5 years. Primary outcomes were retention, illicit drug use, dose, satisfaction, serum transaminases, and adverse events. Thirty-eight percent of enrolled subjects were retained for two years. Ninety-one percent of urine samples had no evidence of opioid use, and patient satisfaction was high. Serum transaminases remained stable from baseline. No serious adverse events related to treatment occurred. We conclude that select opioid-dependent patients exhibit moderate levels of retention in primary care office-based treatment.
The End of Accretion: Transition Disks, Dissipation, and Links to Planet Formation

I review recent studies of transitional protoplanetary disks, in which the planet forming regions are being cleared of material. The dust and accretion characteristics of these objects as a function of their environment and host star age and mass reveal important clues as to how disk structure is modified and ultimately destroyed. Clearing mechanisms such as grain growth, dynamical interactions with embedded planets or stellar companions, and photoevaporation are likely all involved, pointing to diverse disk evolutionary paths.
On statistics at level crossings by a stationary process

The main purpose of this paper is to indicate formal theorems and conditions for the extensions of Rice’s Formula for intensities of crossings of a fixed level u by a stationary process X(t) in order to provide the conditional (Palm) distribution of an associated process Y(t) at the level crossing instants. Sections 1 and 2 provide brief background material on Rice’s Formula and Palm distributions, while relevant historical comments and basic results are given in Section 3. These are stated with some indications of proof in Section 4 and calculation of the Palm distributions shown in Section 5. Two cases of importance in applications are considered: (a) where (roughly) X(t), Y(t) and the derivative X′(t) have a joint density and (b) where Y(t)=X′(t). The resulting Palm distributions are each absolutely continuous with readily calculable densities. These are evaluated for Gaussian processes in Section 6 and applications to motivating 2 structural safety questions indicated in Section 7.
Moz-dependent Hox expression controls segment-specific fate maps of skeletal precursors in the face

Development of the facial skeleton depends on interactions between intrinsic factors in the skeletal precursors and extrinsic signals in the facial environment. Hox genes have been proposed to act cell-intrinsically in skeletogenic cranial neural crest cells (CNC) for skeletal pattern. However, Hox genes are also expressed in other facial tissues, such as the ectoderm and endoderm, suggesting that Hox genes could also regulate extrinsic signalling from non-CNC tissues. Here we study moz mutant zebrafish in which hoxa2b and hoxb2a expression is lost and the support skeleton of the second pharyngeal segment is transformed into a duplicate of the first-segment-derived jaw skeleton. By performing tissue mosaic experiments between moz- and wild-type embryos, we show that Moz and Hox genes function in CNC, but not in the ectoderm or endoderm, to specify the support skeleton. How then does Hox expression within CNC specify a support skeleton at the cellular level? Our fate map analysis of skeletal precursors reveals that Moz specifies a second-segment fate map in part by regulating the interaction of CNC with the first endodermal pouch (p1). Removal of p1, either by laser ablation or in the itga5b926 mutant, reveals that p1 epithelium is required for development of the wild-type support but not the moz- duplicate jaw-like skeleton. We present a model in which Moz-dependent Hox expression in CNC shapes the normal support skeleton by instructing second-segment CNC to undergo skeletogenesis in response to local extrinsic signals.
Parasitic Skin Infections for Primary Care Physicians

The 2 epidermal parasitic skin infections most commonly encountered by primary care physicians in developed countries are scabies and pediculosis. Pediculosis can be further subdivided into pediculosis capitis, corporis, and pubis. This article presents a summary of information and a review of the literature on clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment of these commonly encountered parasitic skin infestations.
Public Information Exposure Detection: Helping Users Understand Their Web Footprints

To help users better understand the potential risks associated with publishing data publicly, as well as the quantity and sensitivity of information that can be obtained by combining data from various online sources, we introduce a novel information exposure detection framework that generates and analyzes the web footprints users leave across the social web. Web footprints are the traces of one's online social activities represented by a set of attributes that are known or can be inferred with a high probability by an adversary who has basic information about a user from his/her public profiles. Our framework employs new probabilistic operators, novel pattern-based attribute extraction from text, and a population-based inference engine to generate web footprints. Using a web footprint, the framework then quantifies a user's level of information exposure relative to others with similar traits, as well as with regard to others in the population. Evaluation over public profiles from multiple sites (Google+, LinkeIn, FourSquare, and Twitter) shows that the proposed framework effectively detects and quantifies information exposure using a small amount of initial knowledge.
Progranulin inhibits expression and release of chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in a TNFR1 dependent manner

Progranulin (PGRN), a pleiotrophic growth factor, is known to play an important role in the maintenance and regulation of the homeostatic dynamics of normal tissue development, proliferation, regeneration, and host-defense. PGRN also has potent anti-inflammatory functionality, and deregulated PGRN is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. We have previously reported that PGRN directly binds to TNFR and significantly enhances Treg population and stimulates IL-10 production. To further investigate PGRN's function in the immune system we performed a gene array analysis on CD4+ T cells from wild type B6 mice and PGRN -/- mice. We identified many chemokines and their receptors, among which CXCL9 and CXCL10 were most prominent, that were significantly induced in PGRN null mice. Administration of recombinant PGRN protein strongly inhibited TNF and IFN-γ-induced CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression. In addition, CXCL9 expression is strongly upregulated in PGRN KO mice and its level is correlated with severity of inflammation in a dermatitis model. Further, we have demonstrated that PGRN-mediated inhibition of chemokine expression largely depends on TNFR1. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying PGRN mediated regulation of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Time-Dependent Nucleation and Growth of Crystalline Phase During a Rapid Quench into a Glassy State

Corrections to the standard expressions for the volume fraction of the crystalline phase which arise due to time-dependent nucleation effects are considered both for the isothermal (transient) and nonisothermal (quench) situations. Analytical results are tested against numerically exact solutions of the Turnbull-Fisher nucleation equations. Physical consequences of the obtained expressions are discussed.
GRASP: A New Object-Oriented Serial DSMC Simulation Package

A newly developed three-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulation package, named GRASP (“Generalized Rarefied gA s Simulation Package”), is reported in this paper. This package adopts a new concept of simulation engine and it utilizes many object-oriented programming features and software design patterns. As such, this package successfully resolves the problem of functionality/interface conflictions for multi-dimensional DSMC implementations. The single package has an open architecture which benefits further development and code maintenance. For three-dimensional simulations, to reduce engineering time, a hybrid grid scheme, combined with a flexible data structure w hich can automatically treat cubic cells adjacent to object surfaces, are implemented in this package. This package can utilize traditional structured, unstructured or hybrid grids within the framework of a single code to model arbitrarily complex geometries and to simulate rarefied gas flows. Benchmark test cases indicate th at this implementation has satisfactory accuracy for complex rarefied gas flow simulations.
Oxidation of L'glutamic acid by rat heart.

SummaryGlutamic acid was found to be oxidized by heart homogenates, by a mechanism involving transamination with oxal-acetic acid and subsequent oxidation of the resulting α-ketoglutaric acid by wa...
Role of ceruloplasmin (plasma ferroxidase) in hypoferremia associated with chronic inflammation and endotoxin.

SummaryImpaired reticuloendothelial outflow was studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in swine given endotoxin. In both of these situations, ceruloplasmin and ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity either remained the same or increased. Administration of ceruloplasmin did not prevent or overcome the endotoxin-induced block. Thus, the “RE iron block” of the anemia of chronic disease cannot be explained by inhibition of the ceruloplasmin dependent step in iron metabolism.
Variability in maturation and germination from white spruce somatic embryos, as affected by age and use of solid or liquid culture

The yield of morphologically normal Stage 3 somatic embryos of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss], and subsequent germinability, was affected by culture age and use of solid and/or liquid culture growth conditions. Of the conditions that were compared, best results were obtained with cultures up to 3 yr old that had been continuously grown in liquid medium. Such material yielded up to 374 morphologically normal Stage 3 embryos per g f. wt. inoculum, when routinely pretreated using a 1 wk 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-free period before maturation. By comparison the continual use of solid culture conditions resulted in lower yields (5/g f. wt. inoculum), and the use of solid medium in combination with liquid medium showed a greater affect of age on the production of normal Stage 3 embryos (348/g f. wt at 1.5 yr down to 19/g f. wt. at 3 yr) over the age range tested. In the absence of culture pretreatment, the oldest liquid cultures yielded only 44 normal Stage 3 embryos/g f. wt. inoculum, and the comparable solid to liquid cultures yielded 1.3/g f. wt. inoculum. The number of aberrant Stage 3 embryos in older cultures was reduced as a result of culture pretreatment; for example, in the oldest liquid cultures these represented 83% of the Stage 3 embryo population without pretreatment and 45% with pretreatment. Normal Stage 3 somatic embryo yield and germination characteristics (radicle and epicotyl development) were informative in distinguishing among the conditions studied. Germination characteristics were especially important when maturation responses were incapable of distinguishing among age classes.
Interfacial Structure of Metal Layer Films (Al/Cr) Using Transmission Electron Microscope

The microstructures in Schottky barrier samples of Al and Cr single layer metal contacts and Al-Cr bimetal contacts on p-type Si have been investigated using analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM). Al-Cr bimetal contacts were made using a layered structure with one thin layer and a thick layer on the top. The analytical TEM was used to determine the precise thickness and grain size of the coated materials as well as chemical compositions and morphologies. The present study proposes that the microstructures of the Schottky contact interfaces are important for the Schottky barrier heights of Al, Cr, and Al-Cr contacts.
Determination of the iodine in iodine fortified beverages by ion selective electrode

Objective:To study the determination method for the concentration of iodine ion in iodine fortified beverages.Methods: Using standard addition method and iodine ion selective electrode with the theoretical measurement range from 10-1 mol/L to 5×10-7 mol/L,actual detection limit for 6.3×10-7 mol/L,the concentration of iodine ion in iodine fortified beverages such as dairy,carbonic acid and sugary drinks were respectively determined.Results: The variation coefficients were 5.1%,6.7%,5.3%,and the average recoveries for the three drinks were 99.0%,97.5%,102.5%.Conclusion: The precision and accuracy of the method is better,the operation is simple,fast and suitable for the promotion and application in basic level.
Psychological underpinnings of luxury brand goods repurchase intentions: Brand–self congruity, emotional attachment, and perceived level of investment made

This study unveils how affluent US consumers process, connect to, and invest various resources regarding luxury brands. The study examines relationships of brand–self congruity, emotional brand att...
Predictive Factors of Survival and Disease Progression After Gastrostomy Tube Placement in ALS: An Interim Analysis (P3.187)

Objective: We aim to further define predictive factors of survival, disease progression, and complications of ALS patients after gastrostomy tube placement. Background: Gastrostomy tube (G-tube) placement is often considered to supplement nutrition in ALS patients. Current AAN guidelines only risk-stratify patients based on respiratory status. Little evidence guides the appropriate timing of G-tube placement, details procedure-related complications, or provides data on survival after the intervention. Design/Methods: Approximately 500 ALS patients underwent G-tube placement at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1999 to 2014. Comprehensive data regarding baseline and procedure characteristics, disease progression, and survival is being collected. Indications for G-tube placement were categorized as bulbar dysfunction, weight loss, respiratory decline, appetite decline, and inability to feed self. Procedure-related complications were categorized as perioperative (e.g within 7 days), within 30 days (e.g. day 8 to day 30), and greater than 30 days after G-tube. An interim analysis of 75 randomly-selected subjects is presented. Results: 81[percnt] of patients had more than one indication for G-tube placement; bulbar dysfunction was the leading indication. The average time from dysphagia onset to G-tube placement was 10.8 months. Average vital capacity and ALSFRS-R total score proximate to the procedure were 51[percnt] of predicted normal and 31, respectively. Median survival after G-tube placement was 9.9 months; 58[percnt] of patients passed away within 1 year of the procedure. 75[percnt] of patients experienced at least one post-procedure complication. 33[percnt] of total complications occurred within 1 week of the procedure, the most frequent of which were abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and aspiration pneumonia. Conclusions: Further evaluation of predictive factors of survival and disease progression, gastrostomy methodology, and post-procedural complications is needed in a large clinic-based ALS population. Completion of this data analysis and assessment of matched controls may help guide clinical practice. Disclosure: Dr. Nicholson has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec. Dr. Haley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cornacchio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lashgari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scalia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schoenfeld has received personal compensation for activities with Seno,Galenabio, Alexion, Edison, Anika, Hemispherix, Zs-pharma, Aptalis, Mylan, Biogen, Spinal, and Polymedico,Exact,Qmed as a consultant and a scientific advisory board member. Dr. Berry has received personal compensation for activities with Voyager Therapeutics, Biogen and Neuraltus. Dr. Atassi has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as a consultant.
Measuring a hidden coordinate: Rate-exchange kinetics from 3D correlation functions.

Nonexponential kinetics imply the existence of at least one slow variable other than the observable, that is, the system has a “hidden” coordinate. We develop a simple, but general, model that allows multidimensional correlation functions to be calculated for these systems. Homogeneous and heterogeneous mechanisms are both included, and slow exchange of the rates is allowed. This model shows that 2D and 3D correlation functions of the observable measure the distribution and kinetics of the hidden coordinate controlling the rate exchange. Both the mean exchange time and the shape of the exchange relaxation are measurable. However, complications arise because higher correlation functions are sums of multiple “pathways,” each of which measures different dynamics. Only one 3D pathway involves exchange dynamics. Care must be used to extract exchange dynamics without contamination from other processes.
Dynamic Behavior of Materials in an Environment

In the first part of this chapter, mechanical properties of engineering metals and the tests used to characterize them are briefly reviewed. Since standard mechanical tests are generally performed in non-corrosive laboratory environments, the structural designer can use such test results with a degree of confidence only if the structure has corrosion protection. As this protection wears away, the integrity of the exposed structure is severely threatened. In the second part of this chapter, the common mechanisms of these destructive corrosion attacks are summarized. In the third section, materials suitable for both present and future ocean structures are surveyed, and several methods of corrosion protection are discussed. In the last sections, a statistical approach is used to describe the damage accumulation in materials subjected to random type loads and to corrosive environments. Numerical examples are included which illustrate the use of the theory to estimate probable lifetimes of certain ocean structures.
Accountable Talk: “Real” Conversations in Baltimore City Schools

This article examines the fundamental disconnect between discourses of accountability in education policy and their interpretation on the ground by parents. Based on data from two sites in Baltimore—district-led teacher training and a community facing school restructuring—I argue that both parents and education professionals consider accountability to be a measure of faithfulness to reality, but they position reality in different discursive frames. Ultimately, I show that this meta-semantic mismatch has a tangible impact on the implementation of school reform. [United States, education reform, accountability, meta-discourse, policy]
Plasmon-Induced Photoreaction of o-Nitrobenzyl-Based Ligands under 550 nm Light

We have studied the plasmon-driven photoreaction of a dual thiol-anchored o-nitrobenzyl-based photouncaging ligand on silver nanoparticles. Previous results have shown that this compound strongly anchors to gold surfaces, and a 1 J/cm2 dose of UV light induces the intended photoreaction, uncaging an amine on the surface. This allows for photopatterning and the selective adhesion of gold nanospheres (AuNSs) to a surface via electrostatic attraction between the positively charged amines and negatively charged AuNSs. Here, we report that when the ligand is adsorbed on a silver nanospheroid film (AgNS), an additional photoreaction induced by green light inhibits AuNSs adhesion in the UV exposed film. Our findings suggest that this is a result of the neutralization of the amine group’s ability to become charged, as opposed to the removal of the ligand from the surface of the silver nanospheroids. We hypothesize that this neutralization may be due to a form of hot-hole-induced photocatalysis, resulting in an N═...
Management of Fractures in Osteoporosis: Role of Rehabilitative Measures

Falls and fractures are multifactorial; therefore, multifaceted approaches are required to prevent and manage them. Reducing sedative pharmacotherapy decreases iatrogenically affected alertness and falls in the geriatric population. Axial strength and stability are of primary importance. Muscle and bone loss, along with age-related disequilibrium, falls, and fractures, require innovative approaches for management. Imbalance and postural sway are two important risk factors for falls. Strengthening lower extremity muscles can decrease the risk of falls. Prevention of falls is the primary objective of a rehabilitation course. Factors contributing to the risk of falls could be intrinsic or extrinsic to the body.
Hip Symptoms, Physical Performance, and Health Status in Older Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Investigation

Abstract Objectives To determine (1) whether there are differences in the prevalence of clinical hip symptoms between older adults with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP); and (2) whether coexisting hip symptoms are associated with worse physical performance and poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Design Case-control study. Setting Individuals participated in a standardized evaluation in a clinical laboratory. Participants Clinical hip symptoms, which are proposed predictors of radiographic hip osteoarthritis according to American College of Rheumatology guidelines, were evaluated in a volunteer sample of community-dwelling older adults with CLBP (n=54; aged 60–85y) and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n=54). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Physical performance was measured by the repeated chair rise test and stair-climbing test. HRQOL was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results Hip joint pain, morning stiffness, and pain with hip internal rotation were more common among older adults with CLBP (P Conclusions Given our limited understanding of CLBP among older adults, there is a definitive need to systematically explore coexisting pain conditions that may contribute to worse outcomes. Based on these data, future longitudinal studies should explore whether coexisting hip symptoms are associated with a worse prognosis in older adults with CLBP.
A Framework for Measuring Low-Value Care.

Abstract Background It has been estimated that more than 30% of health care spending in the United States is wasteful, and that low-value care, which drives up costs unnecessarily while increasing patient risk, is a significant component of wasteful spending. Objectives To address the need for an ability to measure the magnitude of low-value care nationwide, identify the clinical services that are the greatest contributors to waste, and track progress toward eliminating low-value use of these services. Such an ability could provide valuable input to the efforts of policymakers and health systems to improve efficiency. Methods and Results We reviewed existing methods that could contribute to measuring low-value care and developed an integrated framework that combines multiple methods to comprehensively estimate and track the magnitude and principal sources of clinical waste. We also identified a process and needed research for implementing the framework. Conclusions A comprehensive methodology for measuring and tracking low-value care in the United States would provide an important contribution toward reducing waste. Implementation of the framework described in this article appears feasible, and the proposed research program will allow moving incrementally toward full implementation while providing a near-term capability for measuring low-value care that can be enhanced over time.
Escape of Lentiviruses from Immune Surveillance

Lentiviruses arc nononcogenic retroviruses that cause chronic disease in persistently infected individuals. The viruses are transmitted exogenously and replicate productively in terminally differentiated cells of the immune system. Lentiviruses are transmitted in body fluids and infection often remains inapparent for months or years. Disease begins insidiously and infected individuals eventually develop a chronic multisystemic disease manifest as wasting, immune dysfunction, dyspnea, or neurologic impairment. The viruses are species-specific and members of this group infect a variety of hosts causing unique disease syndromes in each host species. However, the members of the lentivirus group share a remarkable number of biologic, morphologic, and structural features which define this subfamily of viruses (Narayan and Clements, 1987; Haase, 1986).
Ecological Influences on Employees’ Workplace Sedentary Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study:

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between ecological factors and occupational sedentary behavior (SB).Design:Cross-sectional online survey.Setting:Participants were ...
Biological treatment of oil and gas produced water: a review and meta-analysis

Biological treatment is effective but infrequently used for oil and gas produced water. To date, physical–chemical treatment methods have been favored due to the smaller space requirements and operational simplicity. Changing regulatory requirements and increased interest in recycling and beneficial reuse have led to increased interest in biological treatment. To elucidate its potential role, we reviewed and summarized 59 studies on the biological treatment of produced water. Oilfield produced water was predominantly studied (> 50%). More studies using real produced water were from China than from any other country (37%). Real produced water was used in most studies (73%). Studies were predominantly bench-scale experiments (69%). Fixed-film reactors were most prevalent (27%). Water quality of produced waters treated was variable; median total dissolved solids (TDS) was 28,000 mg L−1 and median chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 1125 mg L−1. Inhibition by salinity was variable according to the treatment system and study design, but efficacy generally decreased when TDS was above 50,000 mg L−1. For studies treating real samples, average COD removal was 73% when TDS was less than 50,000 mg L−1, and 54% when TDS was greater than 50,000 mg L−1. Key issues were microbial acclimation, toxicity, biological fouling, and mineral scaling. Finding an inoculum was not problematic as microorganisms capable of degrading hydrocarbons were isolated from various environments. Treatment performance was better where synthetic produced water was used in lieu of real samples. Biological treatment is promising for producing effluents suitable for reuse, particularly where it functions as part of a larger treatment train.
Instruments, interactivity, and inevitability

It is astonishing to think that a mere twenty years ago, real-time music production and performance was not only in a fledgling state with only primitive (such as the IRCAM 4X machine) or limited (like the Synclavier) capabilities, but was also the subject of very heated debate. At IRCAM in the early 1980's, for instance, some (such as Luciano Berio) questioned whether any digital technology could ever be truly "instrumental", while others (such as Jean-Claude Risset) doubted whether real-time activity of any sort would ever acquire the richness and introspection of composition.
Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors: Molecular Characteristics and Human Impacts

Environmental estrogens including trace contaminants and phytoestrogens have been classified as endocrine disruptors (EDs), and it is hypothesized that ED compounds may be etiologic agents in male reproductive tract problems and breast cancer in women. It is clear from experimental studies that industrial estrogenic compounds (xenoestrogens) such as bisphenol A and phytoestrogens are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) that may exhibit structure-dependent and tissue-specific estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities. However, to date there is minimal evidence showing that ED compounds are causal factors in breast cancer, male reproductive tract problems such as decreased sperm counts and fertility, or prostate and testicular cancers. Moreover, many of the so-called global male reproductive problems, such as decreased sperm counts, are currently not recognized as global problems and may be due to unidentified regional problems including obesity.
"We Do Not Preach, We Teach.": Religion Professors and the First Amendment

This article examines the interaction of academic and constitutional arguments about teaching religion. It begins by describing the early perception that teaching religion in public universities is unconstitutional. I then explain that the academics, responding in 1963 to Supreme Court dicta in Schempp that teaching about but not of religion is constitutional, chose a subject matter standard according to which the teaching of religious studies, but not theology, is constitutional in state universities. About/of was never the Court's standard, however. Unlike the scholars, the justices often promoted an institutional principle that ignored the content of the courses and focused on the religious or public nature of the schools. Although recent Supreme Court decisions suggest that the Court does not accept the about/of line, the religion professors have not yet revisited their constitutional or academic standards. I conclude that the religion professors misinterpreted Schempp; teaching theology, but not evangelism, is constitutional.
Security in Wireless Sensor Networks - A Study.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in many commercial, military, industrial, research and medical applications. Because of the limited resources of the sensor nodes in the wireless environment, these networks impose special security requirements besides to the security needs in traditional networks. This study presents the security problems in WSNs and discusses the security protocols based on three different security mechanisms: Security Protocols for WSNs (SPINS), which uses symmetric key cryptography, then TinySec, which is based on Link layer encryption, and later TinyPK (the Public Key Infrastructure solution). This study also presents the security solutions offered, and also security problems not addressed, by these protocols.
The Sexual Politics of Video Game Graphics

This chapter offers a historical analysis of how graphical trends in the video game industry affect the gender and sexual politics of video game representation. Our interest in graphical trends means that we are less interested in specific visual representations but rather the broader question of visual regimes. To this end, this chapter first explores how the sexual politics of visuality evolved across the Atari 2600 and Nintendo Entertainment System. We then focus on the Final Fantasy and Tomb Raider franchises to illustrate how the transition from the realism of the PlayStation 1 era to the photorealism of the PlayStation 3 era resulted in a convergence in sexual representation. Our argument is that the visual structures of contemporary gaming are negatively impacting how games represent women.
Robotic Versus Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Pulmonary Segmentectomy: A Cost Analysis.

ObjectivePulmonary segmentectomy using robotic assistance is often perceived as being more expensive than segmentectomy using video-assisted thoracic surgery. The robotic technique allows for metic...
Transparent Robot Behavior by Adding Intuitive Visual and Acoustic Feedback to Motion Replanning

Nowadays robots are able to work safely close to humans. They are light-weight, intrinsically safe and capable of avoiding obstacles as well as understand and predict human motions. In this collaborative scenario, the communication between humans and robots is a fundamental aspect to achieve good efficiency and ergonomics in the task execution. A lot of research has been made related to robot understanding and prediction of the human behavior, allowing the robot to replan its motion trajectories. This work is focused on the communication of the robot's intentions to the human to make its goals and planned trajectories easily understandable. Visual and acoustic information has been added to give the human an intuitive feedback to immediately understand the robot's plan. This allows a better interaction and makes the humans feel more comfortable, without any feeling of anxiety related to the unpredictability of the robot motion. Experiments have been conducted in a collaborative assembly scenario. The results of these tests were collected in questionnaires, in which the humans reported the differences and improvements they experienced using the feedback communication system.
Scientific Tests and Continuous Integration Strategies to Enhance Reproducibility in the Scientific Software Context

Continuous integration (CI) is a well-established technique in commercial and open-source software projects, although not routinely used in scientific publishing. In the scientific software context, CI can serve two functions to increase reproducibility of scientific results: providing an established platform for testing the reproducibility of these results, and demonstrating to other scientists how the code and data generate the published results. We explore scientific software testing and CI strategies using two articles published in the areas of applied mathematics and computational physics. We discuss lessons learned from reproducing these articles as well as examine and discuss existing tests. We introduce the notion of a "scientific test" as one that produces computational results from a published article. We then consider full result reproduction within a CI environment. If authors find their work too time or resource intensive to easily adapt to a CI context, we recommend the inclusion of results from reduced versions of their work (e.g., run at lower resolution, with shorter time scales, with smaller data sets) alongside their primary results within their article. While these smaller versions may be less interesting scientifically, they can serve to verify that published code and data are working properly. We demonstrate such reduction tests on the two articles studied.
When Self-Worth Depends on Social Media Feedback: Associations with Psychological Well-Being

Social media have become primary forms of social communication and means to maintain social connections among young adult women. Although social connectedness generally has a positive impact on psychological well-being, frequent social media use has been associated with poorer psychological well-being. Individual differences may be due to whether women derive their self-worth from feedback on social media. The associations between reasons for social media use, whether self-worth was dependent on social media feedback, and four aspects of psychological well-being (including stress, depressive symptoms, resilience, and self-kindness) were assessed among 164 U.S. undergraduate women who completed an online questionnaire. Results indicated that having one’s self-worth dependent on social media feedback was associated with using social media for status-seeking. Women whose self-worth was dependent on social media feedback reported lower levels of resilience and self-kindness and higher levels of stress and depressive symptoms. Additionally, women whose self-worth was highly dependent on social media feedback and who were seeking social status in their online interactions reported higher levels of stress. The present findings suggest that women whose self-worth is dependent on social media feedback are at higher risk for poorer psychological well-being, which has implications for practice and policy regarding women’s mental health.
Discovery of a novel shared tumor antigen in human lung cancer.

3087Background: While there has been much attention on mutation-associated neoantigens in tumors, there is less known about non-mutated tumor antigens that are shared across individuals. Understand...
A phase I study of lenalidomide plus chemotherapy with idarubicin and cytarabine in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome

Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have poor outcomes and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative treatment. New targeted therapies improved survival in select patients with specific mutations, however management of patients without these molecular alterations is an unmet need. We conducted a phase one study of lenalidomide in combination with cytarabine/idarubicin salvage chemotherapy in patients with R/R AML and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. A total of 33 patients were enrolled in the study (30 AML, 3 MDS), and treated at three dose levels with 3 + 3 design. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was seen in eight patients, including four hematologic DLTs. The most commonly observed non-hematologic serious adverse events were febrile neutropenia, rash, sepsis and renal injury. Dose level -1, consisting of 25 mg/d lenalidomide D1-21, 1 g/m2 cytarabine D5-8, and 8 mg/m2 idarubicin D5-7 was determined to be the maximum tolerated dose. Note, 15/33 (45%) of patients were able to receive pre-planned 21 days of lenalidomide. Overall, 18 patients achieved complete remission (CR) (n = 14) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) (n = 4) with total CR/CRi rate of 56%. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival (OS) were 24% and 10%, respectively. Among responders, 10/18 underwent allogeneic HCT and had a 1-year OS of 40%. There was no molecular pattern associated with response. These data demonstrate that the combination had clinical activity in R/R AML. This regimen should be further investigated for patients who relapsed after HCT, and as a bridge therapy to HCT. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01132586).
Foreword, A Rot in Heaven: A Powerful Investigative Partnership, The Opioid Crisis, Pill Profits, and a Pulitzer Prize

In the spring of 2018, the Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy hosted the "Healing Appalachia: The Role of Professionals in Solving the Opioid Crisis" symposium. This Foreword pays tribute to the symposium’s keynote speakers, journalist Eric Eyre and WVU College of Law faculty member Pat McGinley. Eric, with the support of Pat, Suzanne Weise, another WVU faculty member, and others, uncovered the shocking data that appeared in a series of articles that won the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting. It also introduces the symposium program, provides a summary of the more than 400 lawsuits pending against corporations that manufacture, distribute, and retail opioids in the consolidated federal Multidistrict Litigation as well as the potential for other claims involving other categories of plaintiffs and defendants, and discusses various developments in the ongoing opioid crisis.
Husserl’s Idealism Revisited

This chapter explicates Husserl’s transcendental idealism as motivated by his critiques of naturalism and objectivism. The chapter proposes a way of resolving the paradox of transcendental subjectivity, namely: how subjectivity can be both for the world and in the world. Husserl’s idealism has a number of commitments: (a) priority of consciousness over being in the correlation between subjectivity and objectivity; (b) all “meaning and being” (Sinn und Sein) depend on transcendental subjectivity; (c) transcendental subjectivity is not a “piece of the world” (Endchen der Welt); (d) transcendental subjectivity belongs to the open network (Zusammenhang) of intersubjectivity that is cultural and historical.
Impacts of historical ditching on peat volume and carbon in northern Minnesota USA peatlands

Peatlands play a critical role in terrestrial carbon (C) storage, containing an estimated 30% of global soil C, despite occupying only 3% of global land area. Historic management of peatlands has led to widespread degradation and loss of important ecosystem services, including C sequestration. Legacy drainage features in the peatlands of northern Minnesota, USA were studied to assess the volume of peat and the amount of C lost in the ~100 years since drainage. Using high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, we measured elevation changes adjacent to legacy ditches to model pre-ditch surface elevations, which were used to calculate peat volume loss. We established relationships between volume loss and site characteristics from existing geographic information systems datasets and used those relationships to scale volume loss to all mapped peatland ditches in northern Minnesota (USA). We estimated that 0.165 ± 0.009 km3 of peat have been lost along almost 4000 km of peatland ditches. Peat loss upslope of ditches was significantly less than downslope (P < 0.001). Mean width of the entire ditch-effect zone was 333 ± 8.32 m. Using our volume loss estimates, literature estimates of oxidation, and mean bulk density and peat C% values from Minnesota peatlands, we calculate a total historic loss 3.847 ± 0.364 Tg C. Assuming a constant oxidation rate during the 100 years since drainage, euic and dysic peatlands within the ditch effect zone have lost 0.26 ± 0.08 and 0.40 ± 0.13 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, respectively, comparable to IPCC estimates. Our spatially-explicit peat loss estimates could be incorporated into decision support tools to inform management decisions regarding peatland C and other ecosystem services.
Estimating Partial Standardized Mean Differences from Regression Models

The distribution of the standardized mean difference is well understood. However, in many situations, researchers need to estimate an effect size to represent the relationship between a continuous ...
Anatomy and Histology of Joints

Human joints have developed along those of other vertebrates and have two main forms. The amphiarthroses are connections between two bones and are filled by dense connective tissue or fibrocartilage; examples of such connections are the intervertebral discs and the symphysis pubis. The diarthroses are contiguous, cartilage-covered bony ends, separated from each other by a capillary joint space and surrounded by a joint capsule; examples include the joints of the extremities and the temporomandibular, costovertebral and apophyseal vertebral joints.
Degranulation and Intracellular Killing of Bacteria

Metchnikoff knew that neutrophils possessed “ferments” capable of digesting gelatin and other proteins, and that phagocytosed grains of litmus sometimes turned red. He knew that organisms taken up by neutrophils were enclosed in vacuoles and not admitted to the cytoplasm proper, and that in the vacuoles they were slowly digested. He said: We are at present ignorant of the precise manner in which this digestive and other destructive action is accomplished, and do not even know whether the substance which kills the microbes is a ferment or not.
Operative Repair of Dural Sinus

A dural sinus may need operative repair for many reasons of which tumor and trauma are two of the more common. In fact, a dural sinus may intentionally be opened and part of its wall excised; for example, as with the meningioma presented in Chapter XI, p. 130.
Using Your Talents to Serve the World: A Trip to Haiti

A Purdue student describes her study abroad experience in Haiti as a member of a class chemistry team that partnered with Universite Antenor Firmin (UNAF). The goal for this project was to create curriculum to teach to the students of UNAF and the citizens of Cap-Haitien during a symposium. The student refl ects on this lifechanging experience and describes what she learned during her time in Haiti.
Bile acids: XLV. Metabolism of 3β,7α-dihydroxy-5α-cholestanoic acid in the rat with a bile fistula

Abstract [25-R] 3β,7α-Dihydroxy-[5a,6α- 3 H 2 ]-5α-cholestanoic acid was prepared, purified and 0.34 mg was administered intraperitoneally as the potassium salt to each of three adult male rats with cannulated bile ducts. Bile collected in the first 24 h, containing 97% of the administered 3 H was hydrolysed and the free bile acids were separated by acetic acid partition chromatography. Of the chromatographed tritium 58% was associated with allochenodeoxycholic acid and 14% with its 3β-isomer; only 5β of the 3 H was found in allocholic acid and 1% with its 3β-isomer. Less than 5% of the tritium appeared in fractions associated with the substrate or more polar unidentified materials. Thus, this dihydroxy-5α-cholestanoic acid is metabolized in the rat primarily to dihydroxy-5acholanic acids, comparable to the metabolism of 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5|3-cholestanoic acid in man.
Heterogeneity in the turnover rates of liver cholesterol esters

Sodium acetate labeled with carbon-14 and a recently developed method of cholesterol ester fractionation were used to investigate the rates at which newly synthesized cholesterol is incorporated into various cholesterol esters in rat liver. Results indicate that the incorporation rates are heterogeneous, differing according to the constituent fatty acids, and that these rates do not represent a simple esteriflcation process in equilibrium with a pool of fatty acids. The pertinence of these findings to the regulation of cholesterol metabolism by the rat is considered. (C.H.)
Protocollagen Proline Hydroxylase from Ascaris lumbricoides

Abstract An enzyme was found in the muscle layers of Ascaris lumbricoides which was similar to the protocollagen proline hydroxylase found in chick embryos and other vertebrates in that it synthesized 14C-hydroxyproline when incubated with 14C-proline-labeled protocollagen from chick cartilage. The Ascaris enzyme was also similar in that it required atmospheric oxygen, α-ketoglutarate, iron, and ascorbate in order to synthesize 14C-hydroxyproline. A further similarity between the Ascaris hydroxylase and the one in chick embryos was that preparations of proline-labeled protocollagen from the cuticle of Ascaris served as substrates only after they were boiled. The Ascaris hydroxylase differed from the chick embryo enzyme in that it was partially inhibited by incubation in normal atmospheric air, and the rate of the reaction increased by about 50% as the oxygen content of the gas phase was reduced to 1%. The Km for α-ketoglutarate for the Ascaris enzyme was about 4 x 10-4 m, or about 100-fold greater than the Km for α-ketoglutarate with the chick embryo enzyme. A further difference was that the Ascaris enzyme was not inhibited by poly-l-proline form II which competitively inhibits the chick embryo enzyme.
Chiral perturbation theory corrections to KL→γγ

In the calculation of KL0→γγ to first order in SU(3) breaking, one must include not only η-η′ mixing but also the first-order corrections to the SU(3) relations for the K→η and η→γγ transitions. We calculate the leading corrections to these processes at one loop in chiral perturbation theory. Although not large in themselves, they can have potentially large effects in K→γγ due to the cancellations among the leading SU(3) invariant terms. We also comment on corresponding effects on the dispersive part of the KL− KS mass differences.
7 Genome structure and mapping

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the genome structure and mapping. Most of the mapping work in Brassica has focused mostly on rapeseed B. napus and on all three diploid cultivated species, B. nigra , B. oleracea, and B. rapa . The marker maps are being used to locate genes determining traits of economic interest, including quantitative trait loci. Another important application of the maps, which is quite active at present, is on the study of the structure, origin, and evolution of the Brassica genomes. Genetic maps in Brassica serve a double purpose: (a) understanding the relationship among the genomes of the Brassica cultivated diploid species, and (b) utilization in applied genetics and breeding of the numerous Brassica crops. The highly duplicated nature of the genomes has important implications in structural changes of the chromosomes. The homoeologous regions arising by duplications under certain situations, such as those imposed by hybridization, will facilitate intragenomic and intergenomic recombination events. This is true in Brassica , where hybridization often results in aneuploidy and amphiploidy. Because of their plasticity, the Brassica genomes are prone to frequent structural changes.