cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Participatory policy design: igniting systems change through prototyping

The complexity of 21st-century socio-ecological-technical challenges increasingly strains the capacity of 20th-century policy design approaches. This new context opens an opportunity to evolve norm...
Modernism, Empire, World Literature

After World War I, American, Irish and then Caribbean writers boldly remade the world literary system long dominated by Paris and London. Responding to literary renaissances and social upheavals in their own countries and to the decline of war-devastated Europe, emigre and domestic-based writers produced dazzling new works that challenged London's or Paris's authority to ﬁx and determine literary value. In so doing, they propounded new conceptions of aesthetic accomplishment that were later codiﬁed as 'modernism'. However, after World War II, an assertive American literary establishment repurposed literary modernism to boost the cultural prestige of the United States in the Cold War and to contest Soviet conceptions of 'world literature'. Here, in accomplished readings of major works and essays by Henry James, Ezra Pound, W. B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Eugene O'Neill and Derek Walcott, Joe Cleary situates Anglophone modernism in terms of the rise and fall of European and American empires, changing world literary systems, and disputed histories of 'world literature'.
Stepper, Swipe, Tilt, Force: Comparative Evaluation of Four Number Pickers for Smartwatches

Picking numbers is arguably the most frequently performed input task on smartwatches. This paper presents three new methods for picking numbers on smartwatches by performing directional swipes, twisting the wrist, and varying contact force on the screen. Unlike the default number picker, the proposed methods enable users to actively switch between slow-and-steady and fast-and-continuous increments and decrements during the input process. We evaluated these methods in two user studies. The first compared the new methods with the default input stepper method in both stationary and mobile settings. The second compared them for individual numeric values and values embedded in text. In both studies, swipe yielded a significantly faster input rate. Participants also found the method faster, more accurate, and the least mentally and physically demanding compared to the other methods. Accuracy rates were comparable between the methods.
Kurtosis Approach Nonlinear Blind Source Separation

In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm for blind source signal separation for post-nonlinear mixtures. The mixtures are assumed to be linearly mixed from unknown sources first and then distorted by memoryless nonlinear functions. The nonlinear functions are assumed to be smooth and can be approximated by polynomials. Both the coefficients of the unknown mixing matrix and the coefficients of the approximated polynomials are estimated by the gradient descent method conditional on the higher order statistical requirements. The results of simulation experiments presented in this paper demonstrate the validity and usefulness of our approach for nonlinear blind source signal separation Keywords: Independent Component Analysis, Kurtosis, Higher order statistics.
Mechanistic analysis of ghrelin-O-acyltransferase using substrate analogs

Ghrelin-O-Acyltransferase (GOAT) is an 11-transmembrane integral membrane protein that octanoylates the metabolism-regulating peptide hormone ghrelin at Ser3 and may represent an attractive target for the treatment of type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Protein octanoylation is unique to ghrelin in humans, and little is known about the mechanism of GOAT or of related protein-O-acyltransferases HHAT or PORC. In this study, we explored an in vitro microsomal ghrelin octanoylation assay to analyze its enzymologic features. Measurement of Km for 10-mer, 27-mer, and synthetic Tat-peptide-containing ghrelin substrates provided evidence for a role of charge interactions in substrate binding. Ghrelin substrates with amino-alanine in place of Ser3 demonstrated that GOAT can catalyze the formation of an octanoyl-amide bond at a similar rate compared with the natural reaction. A pH-rate comparison of these substrates revealed minimal differences in acyltransferase activity across pH 6.0-9.0, providing evidence that these reactions may be relatively insensitive to the basicity of the substrate nucleophile. The conserved His338 residue was required both for Ser3 and amino-Ala3 ghrelin substrates, suggesting that His338 may have a key catalytic role beyond that of a general base.
Effect of Fas and Fas ligand deficiency in resistance of C57BL/6 mice to HSV-1 keratitis and chorioretinitis.

Purpose To investigate the effect of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) deficiency on the development of herpes stromal keratitis and on the von Szily model of herpes retinitis in C57BL/6 mice, which are ordinarily resistant to development of both of these herpetic diseases. Methods Anterior chamber inoculation of the right eye of each mouse with various titers of HSV-1 (KOS strain) was performed. Both eyes of each mouse were enucleated on postinoculation day 15 and processed for histopathologic examination. HSV-1 was inoculated into one cornea of other mice, and the severity of stromal keratitis was scored. Results Contralateral destructive chorioretinitis developed in susceptible Balb/cByj mice (19/23); ipsilateral chorioretinitis did not occur (0/23). Stromal keratitis developed in susceptible C.AL-20 mice (15/16). None of the C57BL/6 (0/10 for keratitis or 0/20 for retinitis) developed inflammation. Neither did B6.SMN.C3H.gld (FasL deficient; 0/12 or 0/28) or B6.MRL.lpr (Fas deficient; 0/11 or 0/34) mice (keratitis or contralateral chorioretinitis). Minimal scattering of inflammatory cells in the contralateral retina but not destructive chorioretinitis was observed in two C57BL/6, three B6.SMN.C3H.gld, and five B6.MRL.lpr mice. Few inflammatory cells were also found in the ipsilateral vitreous and vitreoretinal interface (but not destructive chorioretinitis) of all C57BL/6, two gld, and three lpr mice. Conclusions Immune dysregulation secondary to deficiency in Fas or FasL system does not influence the resistance of the C57BL/6 mice to develop herpes simplex keratitis or destructive herpes simplex chorioretinitis.
A class of new kernels based on high-scored pairs of k -peptides for SVMs and its application for prediction of protein subcellular localization

A class of new kernels has been developed for vectors derived from a coding scheme of the k-peptide composition for protein sequences. Each kernel defines the biological similarity for two mapped k-peptide coding vectors. The mapping transforms a k-peptide coding vector into a new vector based on a matrix formed by high BLOSUM scores associated with pairs of k-peptides. In conjunction with the use of support vector machines, the effectiveness of the new kernels is evaluated against the conventional coding scheme of k-peptide (k ≤ 3) for the prediction of subcellular localizations of proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. It is demonstrated that the new method outperforms all the other methods in a 5-fold cross-validation.
Comparison of primary and secondary breast cancers in adolescents and young adults.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients (ages 15-39) and may develop de novo or in patients previously treated for cancer. This study compares the demographic, tumor, treatment characteristics, and overall survival (OS) of primary versus secondary (SMN) breast cancer in female AYAs. METHODS All cases of invasive female AYA breast cancer in the 1998-2010 American College of Surgeons National Cancer Database were divided into 2 cohorts according to primary or secondary occurrence. Comparisons using appropriate statistical methods were performed. RESULTS Of 106,771 patients, 6241 (5.8%) had experienced a prior, histologically distinct malignancy. Breast SMNs were more likely ER-/PR- (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15-1.34), <1 cm (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.73-1.99) tumors and present at a lower T, N (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.34-1.52), and summary stage but with more distant metastases (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.21-1.67) compared with primary cancers. Adjusted by stage, SMN patients underwent more total mastectomies and received less chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapy. However, SMN patients received definitive surgical treatment almost twice as fast compared with primary cancers (36.12 vs 67.26 days, P < .001). Patients with SMNs had a significantly decreased 3-year OS (79% vs 88.5%, P < .001), with SMN status an independent risk factor for increased mortality (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.41-1.77). CONCLUSIONS Nonprimary breast cancer in AYAs has different tumor characteristics, presents at a lower stage, and receives less adjuvant therapy than primary cancers. SMN status is an independent risk factor for decreased OS, with an almost 10% decrease at 3 years. Whether the outcome disparity results from previous cancer treatment or differences in biology, environment, or access to care needs further investigation. Cancer 2015;121:1295–1302. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A Second Order JFNK-based IMEX Method for Single and Multi-phase Flows

We present a second order time accurate IMplicit/EXplicit (IMEX) method for solving single and multi-phase flow problems. The algorithm consists of a combination of an explicit and an implicit blocks. The explicit block solves the non-stiff parts of the governing system whereas the implicit block operates on the stiff terms. In our self-consistent IMEX implementation, the explicit part is always executed inside the implicit block as part of the nonlinear functions evaluation making use of the Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method (Knoll and Keyes, J. Comput. Phys. 193:357–397, 2004). This leads to an implicitly balanced algorithm in that all non-linearities due to the coupling of different time terms are consistently converged. In this paper, we present computational results when this IMEX strategy is applied to single/multi-phase incompressible flow models.
IP Services Development: A US Carrier Strategy

This talk will describe the Sprint approach to providing new and integrated services to the customers. The problem will be addressed from various standpoint, from backbone and access loop technologies to internet services and applications. We will start from the current technology deployed by Sprint (including the ION service) and see what is the expected evolution middle term and long term. This talk will focus more on the technological aspects than on marketing ones, even if customer requirements will be the central focus point justifying described technologies. Among the discussed technologies, we will pay a particular attention to multicast deployment, quality of service with regard to enabling new applications.
L-Selectin Serves as an E-Selectin Ligand on Cultured Human T Lymphoblasts

Previous studies reported that L-selectin (CD62L) on human peripheral blood neutrophils serves as an E-selectin ligand. This study shows that CD62L acquired E-selectin-binding activity following phorbol ester (PMA) treatment of the Jurkat T cell line and anti-CD3/IL-2-driven proliferation of human T lymphocytes in vitro. The recombinant porcine E-selectin/human Ig chimera P11.4 showed neuraminidase-sensitive and calcium-dependent attachment to PMA-stimulated human Jurkat T cells in a flow cytometry assay. The anti-CD62L mAb (DREG 56) blocked this binding interaction by approximately 60% and P11.4 precipitated CD62L from detergent lysates of PMA-activated Jurkat cells. In contrast, P11.4 precipitated minimal amounts of CD62L from detergent lysates of nonactivated human PBL. As reported previously, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and a distinct 130-kDa glycoprotein were the major species in these precipitates. However, T cell activation on plate-immobilized anti-CD3 and growth in low-dose IL-2 increased the percentage of CD62L molecules with E-selectin-binding activity. After two cycles of activation and culture, approximately 60-70% of the CD62L was precipitated with the P11.4 chimera. These cultured T lymphoblasts rolled avidly on both E-selectin and P-selectin at physiologic levels of linear shear stress. The DREG 56 Ab partially blocked rolling on the E-selectin substrate, whereas no effect was seen on P-selectin. Thus, CD62L on human cultured T lymphoblasts is one of several glycoproteins that interacts directly with E-selectin and contributes to rolling under flow.
Identifying genetic determinants of autoimmunity and immune dysregulation

Common autoimmune diseases are relatively heterogeneous with both genetic and environmental factors influencing disease susceptibility and progression. As the populations in developed countries age, these chronic diseases will become an increasing burden in human suffering and health care costs. By contrast, rare immune diseases that are severe and develop early in childhood are frequently monogenic and fully penetrant, often with a Mendelian inheritance pattern. Although these may be incompatible with survival or cured by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we will argue that they constitute a rich source of genetic insights into immunological diseases. Here, we discuss five examples of well-studied Mendelian disease-causing genes and their known or predicted roles in conferring susceptibility to common, polygenic diseases of autoimmunity. Mendelian disease mutations, as experiments of nature, reveal human loci that are indispensable for immune regulation and, therefore, most promising as therapeutic targets.
Autoimmune host–microbiota interactions at barrier sites and beyond

The microbiota is considered to be an important factor influencing the pathogenesis of autoimmunity at both barrier sites and internal organs. Impinging on innate and adaptive immunity, commensals exert protective or detrimental effects on various autoimmune animal models. Human microbiome studies of autoimmunity remain largely descriptive, but suggest a role for dysbiosis in autoimmune disease. Humanized gnotobiotic approaches have advanced our understanding of immune–commensal interactions, but little is known about the mechanisms in autoimmunity. We propose that, similarly to infectious agents, the microbiota mediates autoimmunity via bystander activation, epitope spread, and, particularly under homeostatic conditions, via crossreactivity. This review presents an overview of the current literature concluding with outstanding questions in this field.
Efficacy and Safety of Moricizine in the Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm in Patients With Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation

Maintenance of sinus rhythm is the primary goal of antiarrhythmic drug therapy for recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, concern about proarrhythmic and negative inotropic effects has led to increasing reluctance to administer antiarrhythmic agents for this non-life-threatening arrhythmia. Moricizine is well tolerated in a wide variety of patients, and therefore, may be a safe and effective agent for treating AF. We retrospectively assessed the efficacy and safety of moricizine (mean dose 609 +/- 9 mg/day) in 85 consecutive patients with recurrent AF (2.6 +/- 0.5 years duration, 1.6 +/- 1 failed antiarrhythmic drugs). Structural heart disease was present in 69 (81%), but no recent myocardial infarct (< or =90 days) was present; mean left atrial size was 46 +/- 1 mm, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.51 +/- 0.01. Moricizine was discontinued because of unsuccessful direct-current cardioversion (n = 5) or clinically unacceptable side effects (n = 6); 6 patients developed transient side effects not requiring discontinuation. Of the 74 patients continuing therapy, 68% remained in sinus rhythm after 6 months, and 59% after 12 months. During a follow-up (21 +/- 2 months), there were neither deaths nor adverse effects requiring discontinuation of therapy. Thus, moricizine was effective, safe, and well tolerated in our patient cohort with AF.
Structure and Evolution of Precipitation along a Cold Front in the Northeastern United States

Abstract Heavy precipitation in the northeastern United States is examined through observational and numerical modeling analyses for a weather system that produced extreme rainfall rates and urban flash flooding over the New York–New Jersey region on 4–5 October 2006. Hydrometeorological analyses combine observations from Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) weather radars, the National Lightning Detection Network, surface observing stations in the northeastern United States, a vertically pointing lidar system, and a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer with simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). Rainfall analyses from the Hydro-Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) system, based on observations from WSR-88D radars in State College, Pennsylvania, and Fort Dix, New Jersey, and WRF model simulations show that heavy rainfall was organized into long-lived lines of convective precipitation, with associated regions of stratiform precipitation, that develop along a frontal zone. S...
Molecular Circuits of Resolution in Airway Inflammation

Inflammatory diseases of the lung are common, cause significant morbidity, and can be refractory to therapy. Airway responses to injury, noxious stimuli, or microbes lead to leukocyte recruitment for host defense. As leukocytes respond, they interact with lung resident cells and can elaborate specific mediators that are enzymatically generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids via transcellular biosynthesis. These bioactive, lipid-derived, small molecules serve as agonists at specific receptors and are rapidly inactivated in the local environment. This review will focus on the biosynthesis, receptors, cellular responses, and in vivo actions of lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins as exemplary molecular signaling circuits in the airway that are anti-inflammatory and proresolving.
SEX, SCIENCE, AND PSEUDOSCIENCE IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE

Recent years have witnessed the resurgence of biological explanations for gender norms, sexual desires, and human nature in general. This article traces the course of genomania (the reduction of social traits to genetic causes) and evolutionary psychology (the justification for supposedly universal institutional arrangements via speculative evolutionary scenarios) from the early 1990s to the present, drawing out their connection to institutional shifts, social struggles, and a changing political economy. It underscores the irony of biological reductionism's triumph in the public sphere: Ideas about a “hardwired,” immutable human nature circulate at a decidedly odd moment in human history, a period marked by pitched struggles around the politics of sex and by dramatic changes in gender roles—a time, in short, when not much really seems certain about the nature of men, women, and others. Contemporary bioreductivism is thus analyzed as an instance of fetishistic or magical thinking and as the basis for the s...
Hyperuricemia and Incident Heart Failure

Background— Hyperuricemia, a known correlate of oxidative stress, is a marker for adverse prognosis among individuals with heart failure. However, the relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk for incidence of heart failure in a community-based population has not been studied. Methods and Results— We prospectively analyzed the relationship between serum uric acid concentration at baseline and subsequent heart failure among the participants of the Framingham Offspring cohort (n=4912; mean baseline age, 36 years; 52% women). By using Cox regressions, we calculated the risk of heart failure with increasing serum uric acid after adjusting for sex, age, smoking, body mass index, renal dysfunction, diuretics, systolic blood pressure, valvular heart disease, diabetes, alcohol, and use of antihypertensive medications. The incidence rates of heart failure were ≈6-fold higher among those at the highest quartile of serum uric acid (>6.3 mg/dL) compared with those at the lowest quartile (<3.4 mg/dL). The adjust...
The origin and evolution of neuroendoscopy

Neuroendoscopy has become an integral field within neurosurgery. It has allowed neurosurgeons unprecedented access to deep structures within both the cranial and spinal compartments, while allowing for minimal incisions, tissue retraction, and postoperative healing time. In this article, we trace the origins of this vital field to ancient times, and show that much of its success is due to the brilliant minds of some luminaries such as Philipp Bozzini and Harold Hopkins. Through close collaborations between clinicians, scientists, and engineers neuroendoscopy has become an invaluable tool in the armamentarium of neurosurgeons to help solve a wide array of clinical problems.
Design and construction of fatigue-prone detail retrofits for Interstate 79 Neville Island interchange bridges

The Interstate 79 Neville Island Interchange Bridge complex located north of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, carries four through lanes of the Interstate over Neville Island and the main and back channels of the Ohio River. The mainline bridge consists of a tied through arch span and 26 dual parallel approach spans. These mainline dual approach spans are continuous units comprised two welded steel plate deck girders, welded steel plate floorbeams and rolled steel wide-flange stringers. In addition, the complex includes eight ramp bridges consisting of both straight and curved continuous dual welded steel plate girders, welded steel plate or rolled wide-flange floorbeams and rolled steel wide-flange stringers. These structures, built and opened to traffic during the early to mid-1970s, are owned and maintained by District 11-0 of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. All nine bridges are considered fracture-critical (FCM) owing to the two-girder floorbeam system used on the mainline approach spans and a...
TGFβ1 allele association with asthma severity

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways and is expressed in several cell types. Subepithelial fibrosis is one of the principle features of airway remodelling in asthma and is increased in severe patients. TGFβ1 is implicated in fibrosis, including the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. TGFβ1 mRNA levels in eosinophils are increased in severe asthmatics relative to mild asthmatics. Therefore, TGFβ1 is a promising candidate gene for contributing to asthma severity. Four polymorphisms located in the promoter region and signal peptide (C–509T, 72insC, T869C and G915C) were genotyped in groups of severe asthmatic, mild asthmatic or control individuals defined by steroid usage and pulmonary function. Significant differences (P=0.016) were found between the groups for the genotype frequencies at C–509T, attributable mainly to a greater relative frequency of homozygosity for the –509T allele in the severe group compared to the mild and control groups. Individuals homozygous for –509T were also homozygous at the other variant sites for the 72C, 869C and 915G alleles (haplotype 1). The T allele creates a putative YY1 transcription factor binding site, but binding between YY1 and the DNA sequence of the T allele was not detected in vitro. In this study, we show that the –509T variant on haplotype 1 is the most informative marker of the TGFβ1 contribution to asthma severity.
Analysis of linkage positions in a polysaccharide containing nonreducing, terminal α-d-glucopyranosyluronic groups by the reductive-cleavage method

Abstract The fate of terminal (nonreducing) α- d -glucopyranosyluronic groups under reductive cleavage conditinos was investigated by using the Klebsiella K2 (strain NCTC-418) capsular polysaccharide. Treatment of the fully methylated polysaccharide ( 1 ) with triethylsilane and a mixture of trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate (Me 3 SiOSO 2 CH 3 ) and boron trifluoride etherate (BF 3 ·Et 2 O) as the catalyst, resulted in complete cleavage of all glycosidic linkages to yield the expected products, namely 3- O -acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,4,6-tri- O -methyl- d -glucitol ( 2 ), 3,4-di- O -acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,6-di- O -methyl- d -mannitol ( 3 ), 4- O -acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,3,6-tri- O -methyl- d -glucitol ( 4 ), and methyl 2,6-anhydro-3,4,5-tri- O -methyl- l -gulonate. Treatment of 1 with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (Me 3 SiOSO 2 CF 3 ) as the catalyst resulted in incomplete cleavage of the glycosidic linkage of the methylated d -glucopyranosyluronic group, to yield 4- O -acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,6-di- O -methyl-3- O -(methyl2,3,4-tri- O -methyl-α- d -glucopyranosyluronate)- d -mannitol ( 9 ). Reductive cleavage of 1 in the presence of BF 3 ·Et 2 O resulted in incomplete cleavage of all glycosidic linkages and gave rise to all four dimers (including 9 ) that could be formed from a tetrasaccharide repeating unit. The proposed structures of these dimers are based upon their composition, as established by chemical ionization mass spectrometry and by the reported structure of the polysaccharide. A small proportion of 1,5-anhydro-2,4,6-tri- O -methyl-3- O -(methyl 2,3,4-tri- O -methyl-α- d -glucopyranosyluronate)- d -mannitol ( 12 ) was also detected in the products of the BF 3 ·Et 2 O-catalyzed reductive cleavage. The presence of 12 is chemical evidence for the phase of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit in the polysaccharide. The reductive cleavage of 1 was also accomplished after reduction of its ester groups with lithium aluminum hydride. Complete cleavage of all glycosidic linkages was observed when either Me 3 SiOSO 2 CF 3 or Me 3 SiOSO 2 CH 3 BF 3 ·Et 2 O was used to catalyze reductive cleavage, and anhydroalditols 2, 3, 4, and 6- O -acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4-tri- O -methyl- d -glucitol were produced, as expected.
Time-dependent density-functional theory of exciton-exciton correlations in the nonlinear optical response

We analyze possible nonlinear exciton-exciton correlation effects in the optical response of semiconductors by using a time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) approach. For this purpose we derive the nonlinear (third-order) TDDFT equation for the excitonic polarization. In this equation the nonlinear time-dependent effects are described by the time-dependent (nonadiabatic) part of the effective exciton-exciton interaction, which depends on the exchange-correlation (XC) kernel. We apply the approach to study the nonlinear optical response of a GaAs quantum well. In particular, we calculate the two-dimensional Fourier spectrum (2DFS) of the system and compare it with experimental data. We find that the memory effects play a crucial role in this response, and in particular that it is necessary to use a nonadiabatic XC kernel to describe excitonic bound states, biexcitons, which are formed due to the retarded TDDFT exciton-exciton interaction.
Microwave assisted synthesis of ETS-10

Engelhard Titanium Silicate-10 (ETS-10) has attracted interest for gas adsorption, catalysis, separations and ion-exchange. The practical application of ETS-10 would benefit from improvements in the synthesis. In this paper we present a 30 h microwave assisted synthesis at 230 °C which can be compared with the 72 h required by conventional heating. The effects of different titanium precursors, pH, heating time, and organic templates on ETS-10 were also investigated.
Pluripotency Redux — Advances in Stem-Cell Research

Deciphering the molecular basis of pluripotency will facilitate the development of procedures for efficiently deriving patient-specific stem cells. Dr. John Gearhart, Evanthia Pashos, and Megana Prasad discuss the latest research on human embryonic stem cells. Douglas Melton discusses new methods of creating mouse embryonic stem cells, their promise for use in human cells, and the effects of U.S. politics on stem-cell research. Dr. Melton is scientific director of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and a professor in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard University.
Response to selective pressure in early generation progenies of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Combining high fiber strength with high yield in upland cotton (Gossipium hirsutum L.) was been difficult. The cross combination, 69–120 × 6M-10, was chosen for this study because of the divergence of parents for fiber strength, seeds per boll and crop maturity. Forty F2 plants were selected in 1974 solely on the basis of visual yield and 20 plants were randomly chosen to serve as a bulk check. The F3 progenies, the bulk check, the parents and a commercial check were tested in 1975. From these results, five groups were established, consisting of four (10%) progenies each to represent high seed/boll, low seeds/boll, high fiber strength, low fiber strength and high yield in the 1976 test of F4 progenies. This experiment was conducted to (a) compare the contributions of yield components to lint yield among groups of early generation progenies (F3 and F4) and (b) determine the phenotypic correlations between yield and quality attributes. The yield components, bolls/m2, seeds/boll, fibers/seed, mean fiber length and micronaire, were included as well as fiber strength.
A phase II trial of adjuvant cisplatin and doxorubicin in stage I epithelial ovarian cancer.

Abstract We have treated 26 patients with Stage I ovarian cancer with platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients received 50 mg/m 2 cisplatin and 50 mg/m 2 doxorubicin every 21 days for six cycles. Eighteen patients had complete surgical staging defined as total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and aortic node sampling, omentectomy, and cytology. Eight patients had all of the above with the exception of node sampling. The overall median follow-up for the group is 43+ months. Three patients had grade 1 tumors with positive washings or capsule invasion and are disease free with a median follow-up of 53+ months. Of 23 patients with grade 2–3 tumors, 22 are alive and free of disease with a median follow-up of 42+ months. There has been 1 recurrence, at 18 months, in a patient who had complete staging and a grade 2 tumor. The patient recurred with carcinomatosis, documented by laparoscopy. There was no significant hematologic, neurologic, or renal toxicity encountered in any patient. Adjuvant combination chemotherapy is beneficial for selected patients with early-stage ovarian cancer who are at high risk for failure after surgical treatment alone.
Self-control, Victimization, and their Influence on Risky Lifestyles: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Panel Data

This research expands past investigations into the influence of low self-control as a risk factor for criminal victimization. Specifically, we consider two questions: (1) whether low self-control at one point in time can predict future victimization, and (2) whether victims alter lifestyle choices (like their own delinquency and contact with delinquent peers) in response to their earlier victimization. We answered these questions using three waves of adolescent panel data from the evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training program. Our results support the predictions of self-control theory, showing that low self-control measured at an earlier time is associated with later victimization, even after controlling for past victimization, delinquency, social bonds, and delinquent peer contact. Likewise, self-control appears to influence the relationship between earlier victimization and later lifestyles.
Impact of adhesive rheology on stress-distortion of bonded plastic substrates for flexible electronics applications

Abstract For fabrication of flexible electronics using standard microelectronics toolsets, a temporary bond–debond method has been developed that requires minimization of the distortion of bonded flexible substrate and bow of bonded system (flexible substrate-adhesive-carrier) during processing. To elucidate the critical parameters of the adhesive used in the bonding that control the stress (bow) and distortion, adhesives with different viscoelastic properties are examined systematically. By blending a high modulus adhesive into a low modulus adhesive, the storage modulus, loss modulus and loss factor of the adhesive can be tuned by orders of magnitude. Detailed examination of the impact of these three rheological parameters on the stress and distortion of bonded system reveals that the relative viscoelastic flow properties of the bonding adhesive to that of the bonded flexible substrate are directly correlated to bow and distortion. When the loss factor of the adhesive is less than that for the plastic substrate, precise registration of layers during photolithography is observed. These results provide insight into the rheological parameters critical to the adhesive formulations for the temporary bond–debond method in the fabrication of flexible electronics.
Infliximab is an effective therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis

Common wisdom has been that ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are two different diseases and that they are at least partially mediated by different subsets of immune system dysfunction. Recently studies have shown significant benefit from infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease. We employed infliximab for treating patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to maximal medical therapy. Of seventeen consecutive patients with UC; involving entire colon in 10 and left colon in 17, 8 hospitalized patients and 9 patients treated at ambulatory setting received intravenous administration of infliximab in a dose of 5 mg|[sol]|kg once in 16 patients and twice in 1 patient in 5 days. Sixteen exhibited dramatic and significant improvement clinically, endoscopically and histologically. Thus only 1 of 8 hospitalized patients failed to respond to have total colectomy. None of all 9 patients treated at ambulatory setting required hospitalization. Dramatic clinical, endoscopic and histological improvement occurred in 6 days in most of these patients and the improvement lasted 2 to 10 months. In all 8 Prednisone dependent patients who were followed for 5 months or longer after infliximab, Prednisone therapy was no longer required. No significant side effect related to infliximab was observed. We conclude that infliximab is an effective agent for inducing remission of patients with UC as it is for Crohn's disease patients. Our observations strongly suggest that the treatment avoids surgical intervention in most of hospitalized UC patients and minimizes the number of UC patients for hospitalization. Large multi-center trials are warranted.
Shattering all sets of k points in “general position” requires ( k − 1)/2 parameters

For classes of concepts defined by certain classes of analytic functions depending on n parameters, there are nonempty open sets of samples of length 2n + 2 that cannot be shattered. A slighly weaker result is also proved for piecewise-analytic functions. The special case of neural networks is discussed.
Deterministic simulation of non-deterministic turing machines (Detailed Abstract)

Computations of non-deterministic Turing machines are shown to correspond to “solving” certain mazes. The storage needed to “solve” mazes is related to the storage needed to deterministically simulate non-deterministic Turing machines. In particular, it is shown that a non-deterministic L(n)-tape bounded Turing machine can be simulated by an (L(n))2-tape bounded Turing machine, provided L(n)≥log2n.
Automatic Sectionalization of Power System Networks for Network Solutions

This paper describes a method for the automatic optimized sectionalization of power transmission networks as required for the application of piecewise solution techniques. The optimality criterion is the minimization of the total computer core memory requirement for storage of the network impedance or admittance matrices.
Hydrolytic release, and identification by g.l.c.-m.s., of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid in the lipopolysaccharides isolated from bacteria of the Vibrionaceae.

Abstract The identification of the peracetylated methyl glycosides of 3-deoxy- d - manno -2-octulosonic acid (KDO) methyl esters was achieved by g.l.c.-m.s. These peracetylated methyl glycoside methyl esters were obtained from fully acetylated lipopolysaccharides and core oligosaccharides of representative strains of the Vibrionaceae family by the following sequence of mild reactions: acetolysis, methanolysis, and acetylation. KDO was shown to be present in all of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a result in direct contrast to the generally accepted view of the absence of this compound in LPS from this family of bacteria.
Dental extraction wound management: A case against medicating postextraction sockets

In an era of evidence-based care, few areas of clinical controversy pose as substantial a dilemma to clinicians, as the topic of what medicaments and materials, if any, should be placed in an alveolar socket after tooth removal. More specifically, this applies to mandibular third molar teeth in attempts to prevent the minor complication termed ‘‘dry socket.’’ Unfortunately, the literature is replete with conflicting data (including intermingled data from ‘‘cases,’’ ‘‘teeth,’’ and ‘‘surgical sites’’), anecdotal reports, inadequate sample sizes, varying experience of surgeons, varying diagnostic criteria, poorly designed studies, statistical biases or lack of analysis, and opinions disguised as scientific evidence. It is little wonder that the rational clinician has so much difficulty deciding which viewpoints have the most validity for practice application. Additionally, numerous authors have proposed inserting various materials into postextraction sockets to augment or maintain the dentoalveolar ridge height after tooth removal, or to fill large residual defects. This article does not explore the available information regarding these protocols. Before the reader can attempt to reconcile the discrepancies and acquire a sense of what, if anything, should be used in postextraction defects, it is essential to carefully interpret the literature (nearly 140 articles over at least the last 3 decades) and ascertain what data have emerged from the various studies and reviews. The available information about normal extraction site healing will first be summarized, then prevailing theories on the pathophysiology of localized alveolitis (AO, or ‘‘dry socket’’) as well as the alleged factors that are targets for the various preventive regimens, are reviewed. Such a review is necessary before deciding whether the various proposed regimens are reasonable, logical, and scientifically supportable. Finally, the rationales for or against various medicaments and complications inherent in their usage are summarized. Because of space limitations, the table references are identified only by author and year of publication. A complete bibliography of the referenced articles is available from the author on request. Normal Extraction Site Healing
The Effect of a Multifaceted Physician Office‐Based Intervention on Older Women's Mammography Use

BACKGROUND: In response to identified low mammography use among older women in three geographic areas in Connecticut, a physician office-based mammography intervention was initiated under the Health Care Financing Administration's Health Care Quality Improvement Program. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intervention's impact on older women's mammography use. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design comparing mammography rates for women in the intervention program with a randomly selected control sample. SETTING: Community-based physician offices. PATIENTS: Female Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 to 74 years seen by participating and control physicians for at least one primary care visit in 1995 (baseline) and 1996 (follow-up). In the baseline period, 1720 women in the intervention sample and 2761 women in the control sample were included in the study. INTERVENTION: The recruitment strategies included the use of physician opinion leaders and modified academic detailing. The multifaceted intervention incorporated patient education, physician reminders, and audit-with-feedback MEASUREMENTS: Biennial mammography rates. Patient adherence to physician mammography referral was evaluated in a restricted cohort of women selected from the intervention sample. RESULTS: The mammography rate for the intervention sample increased from 62.7% (baseline) to 73.1% (follow-up), (P < .001), whereas the control sample's rate remained essentially unchanged (68.3 to 69.5%), (P = .34). The intervention patients were 48% more likely than controls to experience an increase in biennial mammography use (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.22–1.79) after adjustment for patient race and income and physician gender, specialty, and age. The proportion of women who adhered to their physicians' mammography referral was 70.6%. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention program administered in the setting of community physician practices. The relatively low rate of patients' acceptance of their physicians' mammography recommendations has identified the need to address more effectively older women's concerns about mammography screening. J Am Geriatr Soc 48: 1–7, 2000.
The Robust Stability of a Wave Bearing

The purpose of this paper is to compare the stability of a three wave journal bearing with the stability of a hydrodynamic plain circular journal bearing. The study of the stability of a bearing can be reduced to the study of the stability of a fourth order linear system. In this paper, a perturbation method is used to compute the dynamic coefficients of the bearing. The critical mass is determined at every relative eccentricity, for both the circular hydrodynamic wave bearing and the three wave bearing. The influence of the amplitude of the wave on the stability of the wave bearing is also studied. However, not all the phenomena which affects the bearing’s operation can be taken into account, but it is important that the bearing preserves its stability in face of different types of uncertainty. This property is known as robust stability. In this paper, the robust stability of a bearing is evaluated by determining how great the perturbations of the dynamic coefficients could be so that the bearing remains stable. The robust stability is analyzed using the Kharitonov’s theorem.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Fertile women are more demanding: Ovulatory increases in minimum mate preference criteria across a wide range of characteristics and relationship contexts

Abstract The ovulatory shift hypothesis (Gangestad, Thornhill, & Garver-Apgar, 2005) makes three predictions. First, it posits that during peak fertility, women are more attracted to males who display characteristics of good genes. Secondly, it predicts that women predominantly experience ovulatory shifts when evaluating males as short-term sexual partners. Lastly, it predicts that ovulatory shifts should be non-existent when measuring mate preferences associated with long-term partner quality. However given that female preferences are formulated as a means to offset costs associated with reproduction (Buss, 1994) and such costs are more likely to be incurred during peak fertility, the current study (via the ovulatory reproductive safeguards hypothesis) posits that women during peak fertility should show a general increase in their mate preference criteria across a variety of characteristics and relationships. Using a within-subjects design and hormonal markers of fertility status, the present study investigates the degree to which ovulatory shifts in preferences are limited to short-term sexual liaisons and the degree to which such shifts are associated with characteristics related to long-term partner quality. Contrary to the ovulatory shift hypothesis (and in support of the ovulatory reproductive safeguards hypothesis), ovulatory shifts were found across a wide range of relationship contexts and preference characteristics.
The coronae of main-sequence A stars

We have undertaken a deep X-ray imaging survey of single, normal, mid-to-late-A- and early-F-type main-sequence stars using the ROSA T PSPC. Eight of the nine such stars in our fields went undetected at very weak emission levels, with upper limits on the normalized X-ray flux in each case of better than log R(x) below -6.3. The only A-F star we detected was 83 Tau, a member of the Hyades that we now belatedly recognize as a possible binary star, whose emission may come from an unidentified companion. Our observations reveal a systematic decline in coronal X-ray brightness with increasing effective temperature, which we attribute to the presence of strong coronal winds. These new results add further weight to earlier suggestions that single A and early-F stars in the field and in nearby older open clusters generally have intrinsically faint coronae.
Vertical heat and constituent transport in the mesopause region by dissipating gravity waves at Maui, Hawaii (20.7°N), and Starfire Optical Range, New Mexico (35°N)

[1] Vertical heat flux profiles induced by dissipating gravity waves in the mesopause region (85–100 km altitude) are derived from Na lidar measurements of winds and temperatures at Maui (20.7°N, 156.3°W), Hawaii, and compared with earlier results from Starfire Optical Range (SOR, 35.0°N, 106.5°W), New Mexico. The heat flux profile at SOR has a single downward maximum of 2.25 ± 0.3 K m/s at 88 km, while the profile at Maui has two downward maxima of 1.25 ± 0.5 K m/s and 1.40 ± 0.5 K m/s at 87 and 95 km, respectively. The common maximum below 90 km can be attributed to high probability of convective instability. Comparison of the horizontal wind shear suggests that the second maximum at 95 km at Maui may be associated with dynamic instability. The measured Na flux and predicted Na flux based on measured heat flux at Maui agree well, further confirming earlier findings using SOR data. The dynamical flux of atomic oxygen estimated from the heat flux is smaller at Maui compared with that at SOR, but both are comparable to or larger than the eddy flux. The results also suggest that weaker gravity wave dissipation at Maui may cause two opposite effects on the energy balance in the mesopause region, a reduced cooling from heat transport and reduced chemical heating from atomic oxygen transport.
Functionalized Thiophene-Based [7]Helicene: Chirooptical Properties versus Electron Delocalization

The functionalized, enantiomerically pure [7]helicene 1 derived from bis(benzodithiophene) functionalized with four heptyl groups is prepared from 1,8-dibromo-4,5-diheptylbenzo[1,2-b:4,3-b′]dithiophene building block 2. Such [7]helicene structure, functionalized with bromines at the terminal positions of the helicene inner rim and multiple solubilizing alkyl groups, is an attractive building block for long [n]helicenes and oligo[7]helicenes. Chirooptical properties and the degree of electron delocalization are determined and compared to those of analogous carbon−sulfur [7]helicene and [7]helicenes derived from benzodithiophene to provide a correlation between chirooptical properties and the degree of electron delocalization. [7]Helicene 1 possesses a moderately increased electron delocalization, but its chirooptical properties are similar to those for analogous [7]helicenes with relatively lower electron delocalization, indicating that chirooptical properties are not significantly affected by electron del...
N-type doping of an electron-transport material by controlled gas-phase incorporation of cobaltocene

Abstract N-doping of an electron-transport material, a tris(thieno)hexaazatriphenylene derivative ( 1 ), with the strongly reducing molecule bis(cyclopentadienyl)-cobalt(II) (cobaltocene, CoCp 2 ), is investigated using ultra-violet, X-ray, and inverse photoemission spectroscopies, and current–voltage measurements. Condensed CoCp 2 films show a 4 eV ionization energy, which is unusually low for vacuum-deposited molecular material and suggests that cobaltocene is promising as a molecular n-dopant. Efficient n-doping of 1 by CoCp 2 is confirmed by a 0.56 eV shift of the Fermi level toward the unoccupied states of the host, and by a three orders of magnitude current increase in devices where compound 1 is interfacially doped with cobaltocene.