cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Polypeptide Components of the Cytochrome BC1 Complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides

The ubiquinol-cytochrome c 2 oxidoreductase (cytochrome bc 1 complex) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides is an integral component of the intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) and functions in light-driven cyclic electron flow and the conservation of radiant energy as an electrochemical proton gradient. Previous studies on the assembly of electron transfer constituents in R. sphaeroides have demonstrated that complete cycles of electron flow do not occur merely upon insertion of newly synthesized reaction centers at sites of initiation of ICM growth, but instead, subsequent synthesis and assembly of redox centers of the bc 1 complex are required [1]. To further characterize the assembly process and for detailed structural investigations, the complex was purified and antibodies were raised against the isolated polypeptide constituents. In this report, results on the localization and levels of the bc 1 complex in various membrane fractions are presented; a detailed description of the structural work will appear elsewhere [2].
Placebo effects in pain

Abstract Placebo effects influence symptom perceptions and treatment outcomes. Placebo effects can be explored in laboratory settings controlling for natural history and expectations. Such a mechanistic approach to neurological disorders has been implemented in the domain of chronic clinical pain and other neurological disorders. This article therefore focuses on definitions and historical notes related to placebo effects and mechanisms of placebo effects in chronic pain. Knowledge on mechanisms of placebo effects could inform current clinical practice for the treatment of neurological disorders by focusing on patients (and providers) expectations for outcome optimization.
Improved High-Energy Response of AlGaAs/GaAs Solar Cells Using a Low-Cost Technology

We report on an AlGaAs/GaAs solar cell with a significantly increased high-energy response that was produced via a modified liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technique. This technique uses a one-step process in which the solid–liquid equilibrium Al-Ga-As:Zn melt in contact with an n-type vendor GaAs substrate simultaneously getters impurities in the substrate that shorten minority carrier lifetimes, diffuses Zn into the substrate to create a p–n junction, and forms a thin p-AlGaAs window layer that enables more high-energy light to be efficiently absorbed. Unlike conventional LPE, this process is performed isothermally. In our “double Al” method, the ratio of Al in the melt (“Al melt ratio”) that was used in our process was two times more than what was previously reported in the record 1977 International Business Machines (IBM) solar cell. Photoluminescence (PL) results showed our double Al sample yielded a response to 405 nm light (“blue light”), which was more than twice as intense as the response from our replicated IBM cell. The original 1977 cell had a low-intensity spectral response to photon wavelengths under 443 nm (Woodall and Hovel in Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 29:176, 1990). Secondary ion mass spectrometry results confirmed the increased blue light response was due to a large reduction in AlGaAs window layer thickness. These results proved increasing the Al melt ratio broadens the spectrum of light that can be transmitted through the window layer into the active GaAs region for absorption, increasing the overall solar cell efficiency. Our enhanced double Al method can pave the way for large-scale manufacturing of low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells.
Diets High in Fat or Fructose Differentially Modulate Bone Health and Lipid Metabolism

Diets high in fat or carbohydrates can lead to obesity and diabetes, two interrelated conditions that have been associated with osteoporosis. Here, we contrasted the effects of a high fat (HF) versus fructose-enriched carbohydrate (CH) versus regular chow (SC) diet on bone morphology, fat content and metabolic balance in BALB/cByJ mice over a 15-week period. For 13 weeks, there were no differences in body mass between groups with small differences in the last 2 weeks. Even without the potentially confounding factor of altered body mass and levels of load bearing, HF consumption was detrimental to bone in the distal femur with lower trabecular bone volume fraction and thinner cortices than controls. These differences in bone were accompanied by twofold greater abdominal fat content and fourfold greater plasma leptin concentrations. High-fat feeding caused a decrease in de-novo lipid synthesis in the liver, kidney, white adipose and brown adipose tissue. In contrast to HF, the fructose diet did not significantly impact bone quantity or architecture. Fructose consumption also did not significantly alter leptin levels or de-novo lipid synthesis but reduced epididymal adipose tissue and increased brown adipose tissue. Cortical stiffness was lower in the CH than in HF mice. There were no differences in glucose or insulin levels between groups. Together, a diet high in fat had a negative influence on bone structure, adipose tissue deposition and lipid synthesis, changes that were largely avoided with a fructose-enriched diet.
Effects of Heat Stress during Pregnancy on Maternal Hormone Concentrations, Calf Birth Weight and Postpartum Milk Yield of Holstein Cows

For an evaluation of the effects of heat stress during pregnancy on calf birth weight and postpartum maternal milk yield, 21 cows and 10 heifers were assigned to shade (S; n = 16) or no shade (NS; n = 15) treatments during the last trimester of pregnancy in June 1978. At parturition, all cows were removed from treatment and uniformly managed in the milking herd. At 4-d intervals from d 199 of pregnancy to parturition, respiration rates, rectal temperature, heart rate and Black Globe temperature were recorded and blood samples obtained via tail venipuncture between 1300 and 1600 h. Weekly prepartum body weights of dam, birth weight of calf and subsequent daily milk yield were recorded. Black Globe temperature, rectal temperature and respiration rates were higher in cows given NS. Calf birth weight was lower in the NS group. Milk yield was correlated in a linear manner with calf birth weight, and cows in group NS exhibited reduced lactation performance after calving. Plasma progestin concentrations were higher in heat-stressed cows (6.0 vs 5.1 ng/ml). Estrone-sulfate concentrations were reduced in plasma of NS cows (2,505 vs 4,433 pg/ml). Thus, hormone concentrations of maternal and fetal origin were altered by environment. Plasma thyroxine concentrations were lower in NS cows (51.2 vs 66.4 ng/ml), while plasma triiodothyronine concentrations were elevated (1.8 vs 1.5 ng/ml), indicating altered thyroid hormone metabolism in heat-stressed cows. Heat stress altered endocrine dynamics during pregnancy and reduced calf birth weight and may have indirectly altered subsequent milk yield.
Clerical militia and securitization of seminary schools in Iran

The Clerical Basij Militia is an institution created and used by the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) to exert strict control over seminary students (tollab), silence dissident clergy, and nullify threats from seminarian scholars. The expansion of Clerical Basij in seminaries has led to regime control over clerics and the securitization of seminary schools. It has also resulted in the emergence of a new group among the clergy with a hybrid identity: part clergy, part security. The expansion and strengthening of this group could lead to the transformation of the Islamic Republic into a “theological security state.”
Embedding Multimodal Relational Data

Representing entities and relations in an embedding space is a well-studied approach for machine learning on relational data. Existing approaches however primarily focus on simple link structure between a finite set of entities, ignoring the variety of data types that are often used in relational databases, such as text, images, and numerical values. In our approach, we propose a multimodal embedding using different neural encoders for this variety of data, and combine with existing models to learn embeddings of the entities. We extend existing datasets to create two novel benchmarks, YAGO-10-plus and MovieLens-100k-plus, that contain additional relations such as textual descriptions and images of the original entities. We demonstrate that our model utilizes the additional information effectively to provide further gains in accuracy. Moreover, we test our learned multimodal embeddings by using them to predict missing multimodal attributes.
Research needs for developing innovative water and wastewater treatment technologies

Research aimed at solving important environmental problems at all scales ranging from global to individual will continue to be an essential part of the process by which sustainability of life on earth may be achieved. Solutions to environmental problems that relate to water are especially critical to this process and are likely to involve use of innovative technologies that emerge from research with sufficient promise to justify their development, a process that evaluates them at a scale that will yield engineering design parameters and confidence in their technical performance and economic value. Privatization of water and wastewater systems and mergers of equipment manufacturers may provide the economic bases needed for development of innovative water and wastewater treatment technologies in the 21st Century that have emerged from research in the 19th and 20th Centuries but have not as yet been fully developed or adopted.
Leadership in the New Testament

After the ministry of Jesus, the church continues this ministry of servant leadership. There are several heroes of the faith here along with instructions that have been preserved for our generations that have followed the early church. The church grew rapidly, yet the leaders kept pace and led well and even trained the next generation of leaders. There was a dynamic of leadership here as they began their mission together. Is that same dynamic available today to contemporary leaders? The writers of the New Testament communicate as if this dynamic of leadership will continue well into the future. There are instructions here for leaders that give key insights for servant leadership and for biblical leadership. Some of these insights are found in different theories of leadership including servant leadership, but some are unique concepts of leadership from the New Testament. It is here that greatness in leadership can be found. This is a journey into the issues of leadership and even the soul of the person; this journey can be intense at times since it is counterintuitive in places, but it is worth the effort to see what is here to be able to lead well as biblical servant leaders.
Elastic Moduli of Composites with Rigid Elliptical Inclusions

Effective elastic moduli of 2-D solids with randomly located perfectly rigid elliptical inclusions are derived using non-interacting approximation. This approximation constitutes the basic building block for various approximate schemes in micromechanics of materials with interacting inhomogeneities. Anisotropy due to non-random orientation of inclusions is investigated. The results are obtained in closed form and compared against existing solutions.
Towards a new system level design language -- SLDL

It seems that system level design is on everyone’s mind these days. So, it is not surprising that talk of a system level design language has been appreaing in the news. Yet, major fundamental questions quickly arise whenever a “standard” design language is proposed. What is it? Why do we need it? What will it do? How is it different from other existing languages? How will it change my design methodology and design tool environment?
Nucleosome Occupancy and Gene Regulation During Tumorigenesis

Nucleosomes are the basic structural units of eukaryotic chromatin. In recent years, it has become evident that nucleosomes and their position, in concert with other epigenetic mechanisms (such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, changes in histone variants, as well as small noncoding regulatory RNAs) play essential roles in the control of gene expression. Here, we discuss the mechanisms and factors that regulate nucleosome position and gene expression in normal and cancer cells.
Flexible and scalable query planning in distributed and heterogeneous environments

We present the application of the Planning by Rewriting (PbR) framework to query planning in distributed and heterogeneous environments. PbR is a new paradigm for efficient high-quality planning that exploits plan rewriting rules and efficient local search techniques to transform an easy-to-generate, but possibly suboptimal. initial plan into a high-quality plan. The resulting planner is scalable, flexible, has anytime behavior, and. applied to query planning, yields a novel combination of traditional query optimization with heterogeneous information source selection. Query planners are the core component of mediator systems, which are becoming increasingly important in a world of interconnected information, and constitute excellent test beds for planning technology.
Endoscopic, endonasal management of fractures of the medial orbital wall

It is well known that fractures of the orbital floor are more frequent than those of the medial wall. The reason is that the most delicate part of the orbit is the lamina papyracea. High resolution CT has helped make this diagnosis more precise and permits us visualize the region surrounding the lamina papyracea with greater detail. Conventionally, fractures of the medial orbital wall have been corrected with transorbital techniques through an external incision and a maxiloethmoidal approach. An orbital fracture with lesions of the delicate intraorbital structures can be a complication of endoscopic paranasal sinus surgery when previous procedures have changed the patient’s anatomy, or when the surgeon is not adequately trained and fails to realize he has entered the orbit. The use of motor driven instruments may also cause complications with devastating damage to this area. Endoscopic, endonasal approaches for the reconstruction of the medial orbital wall and the orbital floor using a computer assisted imaging navigational system is a great help, and it eliminates the external skin incision.
The use of Marketing Concepts in the Recruiting of College Students

The concept of higher education has been changing within the last thirty years. A college education had been a sought after goal achieved by less than ten percent of the population. This percentage began to change after World War II as the G.I. Bill helped ease monetary restraints and more and more people went to college. It was the socially acceptable thing to do and enrollments soared. Colleges and universities struggled to keep up with the demand and engaged in energetic building programs. The introduction and enormous success of the community and junior college programs has added fuel to the booming growth in higher education.
Synthesis of Glutamic Acid via Cyanoethylation of N-Acylaminoacetonitriles in Liquid Ammonia

Several reports on the prebiotic formation of amino acids have been previously published. Glutamic acid was synthesized from a mixture of simple gases by electric discharge (1, 2) and by heat (3). Glutamic acid was also formed from hydrogen cyanide and ammonia (4), from formaldehyde, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate under irradiation of ultraviolet rays (5), by pyrolysis of formamide (6), and by pyrolysis of a reaction product of formaldehyde and ammonia (7).
Reading and remembering Saba Mahmood: Islam, ethics, and the hermeneutics of tradition

Saba Mahmood's untimely passing on March 10, 2018 was a tragic loss for family, friends, and colleagues, as well as for cultural anthropologists inspired by her scholarship over the past two decades. Her influence has been no less far-reaching in contemporary Islamic and gender studies, as well as the anthropology of ethics. It is against the backdrop of her legacy that this essay seeks to pay homage to and critically reflect on Mahmood's scholarship. It focuses on and assesses Mahmood's contributions as an anthropologist of Islam, subjectivity, and ethics, paying particular attention to the debates that have emerged in the wake of her scholarship on the ethics of piety, the ambivalent nature of subjectivity, and the meanings of freedom and tradition. The assessment suggests that there is an unresolved tension between Mahmood's experience-near reflections on the ethical care of the pious self, on one hand, and her more sweeping critiques of freedom and the liberal project. The essay concludes with some thoughts on where the anthropology of Islam is moving with regard to ethics, plurality, and the ambivalence of subjectivity.
MODEL REDUCTION OF LINEAR MULTIVARIABLE SYSTEMS

Reduced order models of multivariable systems obtained by available model reduction techniques often fail to preserve the interaction properties of the original systems they represent, and therefore lead to unreliable con-trol systems. A. method is presented which addresses the interaction aspects of multivariable system model reduction and provides insight into thereasons of failure of previous methods.
The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in Drosophila melanogaster

The effect of bacterial sepsis on animal behavior and physiology is complex due to direct and indirect actions. The most common form of bacterial sepsis in humans is from gram-negative bacterial strains. The endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and/or associated peptidoglycans from the bacteria are the key agents to induce an immune response, which then produces a cascade of immunological consequences. However, there are direct actions of LPS and associated peptidoglycans on cells which are commonly overlooked. This study showed behavioral and neural changes in larval Drosophila fed commercially obtained LPS from Serratia marcescens. Locomotor behavior was not altered, but feeding behavior increased and responses to sensory tactile stimuli were decreased. In driving a sensory-central nervous system (CNS)-motor neural circuit in in-situ preparations, direct application of commercially obtained LPS initially increased evoked activity and then decreased and even stopped evoked responses in a dose-dependent manner. With acute LPS and associated peptidoglycans exposure (10 min), the depressed neural responses recovered within a few minutes after removal of LPS. Commercially obtained LPS induces a transitory hyperpolarization of the body wall muscles within seconds of exposure and alters activity within the CNS circuit. Thus, LPS and/or associated peptidoglycans have direct effects on body wall muscle without a secondary immune response.
Assessing Nasal Soft-Tissue Envelope Thickness for Rhinoplasty: Normative Data and a Predictive Algorithm.

ImportancePreoperative assessment of nasal soft-tissue envelope (STE) thickness is an important component of rhinoplasty that presently lacks validated tools. ObjectiveTo measure and assess the dis...
An apparent association between glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and a sphingolipid in Tetrahymena mimbres

Sphingolipids are thought to stabilize glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein-rich membrane domains of yeast and polarized higher animal cells during the processing and targeting of these proteins to the plasma membrane. A widely used criterion for identifying the stable sphingolipid- and GPI-anchored protein-enriched membrane domains is the resistance of these lipid-modified proteins to solubilization by the detergent Triton X-100 (TX-100) at low temperature. Surprisingly, there have been no reports of sphingolipid/GPI-anchored protein association in protozoans, despite the fact that these cells contain considerably higher levels of GPI-anchored proteins than does any other organism. We report here the presence in Tetrahymena mimbres of a significant pool of GPI-anchored proteins which resisted extraction by 1% TX-100 at 4 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C. Of the total cellular complement of GPI-anchored proteins, which together accounted for more than 2% of whole-cell protein and were especially enriched in surface membranes, 10% of the major 63kDa component (gpi63) and 23% of a somewhat less abundant component (gpi23) were insoluble in TX-100 at 4 degrees C. A substantial proportion of the cell's only abundant sphingolipid, ceramideaminoethylphosphonate (CAEP), was also insoluble in 1% TX-100 at 4 degrees C. Radiolabelling studies involving [3H]leucine incorporation into proteins and [3H]palmitic acid incorporation into lipids revealed that the TX-100-resistant gpi63, gpi23 and CAEP molecules were all metabolically distinct from their TX-100-soluble counterparts in other compartments of the cell. The presence of detergent-resistant sphingolipid/GPI-anchored protein domains in non-polarized ciliate and trypanosomatid cells was probably obscured in previous studies by the profusion of accompanying detergent-soluble molecules.
Series Arc Fault Detection and Localization in DC Distribution Based on Master Controller

Series dc arc fault detection and localization in the modern power electronics system that comprises multiple loads is a difficult task due to the arcing noise cross-talk. The arcing noises can propagate to the adjacent loads and mistrigger the detector units. This paper proposes a master controller to compare all the Random Forest (RF) based detector units’ predicted class probabilities for arc fault detection and localization. The predicted probability comes from one of the RF’s attributes, where the largest probability becomes the final decision. The master controller also sends out a control signal to create synchronization between detectors. This step arranges the detectors to monitor all input currents simultaneously, and provide predicted probability correlation accurately. The master controller capability was emulated and verified using an experimental testbed of two parallel- connected constant power loads.
How to Support International ELL Law Students When You Only Have a Few of Them

This essay identifies what can go wrong when a law school has only one or a few international ELL law students in an incoming class. It then suggests approaches for testing new ELL law students’ English proficiency and for determining what accommodations might be appropriate during English language acquisition.
Hypnos board: A low-cost all-in-one solution for environment sensor power management, data storage, and task scheduling

Abstract Open source in-situ environmental sensor hardware continues to expand across the globe for a variety of applications. Sensor-management systems typically perform three fundamental tasks: sample sensors at a specified time or period, save data onto retrievable media, and switch power to components on and off in between sample cycles to conserve battery energy and increase field operation time. These tasks are commonly accomplished through integrating separate off-the-shelf components into the desired system such as: power relays, SD card hardware, Real-Time Clocks (RTCs), and coin cell batteries. To enable faster prototyping, the Openly Published Environmental Sensing Lab abstracted all of these requirements into a single printed circuit board (PCB), Hypnos, that can be included in any project to achieve these commonly-required capabilities: powering on and off connected sensors on a schedule and logging collected data to the removable SD card. The hardware is laid out in a “Feather” form factor, a popular configuration in the open-source hardware community, to easily mate with other industry standard products. The onboard RTC acts as an alarm clock that wakes a user-attached microprocessor from low-power sleep modes in between sample cycles. By integrating all these components into a single PCB, we save cost while significantly reducing physical system size. The design as well as a suite of code functions that enable the user to configure all the Hypnos board features are detailed.
INTEGRATED AIR/GROUND SYSTEM: TRAJECTORY-ORIENTED AIR TRAFFIC OPERATIONS, DATA LINK COMMUNICATION, AND AIRBORNE SEPARATION ASSISTANCE

Trajectory-oriented, time-based air traffic operations, data link communication, and airborne separation assistance systems (ASAS) can play an important role in the transformation of the airspace s...
Compilation of Trade Studies for the Constellation Program Extravehicular Activity Spacesuit Power System

This compilation of trade studies performed from 2005 to 2006 addressed a number of power system design issues for the Constellation Program Extravehicular Activity Spacesuit. Spacesuits were required for spacewalks and in-space activities as well as lunar and Mars surface operations. The trades documented here considered whether solar power was feasible for spacesuits, whether spacesuit power generation should be a distributed or a centralized function, whether self-powered in-space spacesuits were better than umbilically powered ones, and whether the suit power system should be recharged in place or replaced.
Where children with adhd direct visual attention during emotion knowledge tasks: relationships to accuracy, response time, and adhd symptoms

OBJECTIVE: Inattention may contribute to emotion recognition deficits in children with ADHD. In the current study, we compared the viewing patterns for emotion stimuli between children with and without ADHD and examined the relationship between viewing patterns, emotion knowledge accuracy, response time, and ADHD symptoms. METHOD: Eye-tracking technology recorded viewing patterns for emotion stimuli among 45 children (60% male; control n = 26, ADHD n = 19). RESULTS: Overall, viewing patterns of children with and without ADHD were strikingly similar; however, small to large effect sizes (Cohen's d = -0.73 to 0.93) across emotions suggest that, for some emotions, children with ADHD spend less time viewing relevant areas of images and take longer to respond (i.e., detect an emotion) compared with children without ADHD. CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD view some emotions differently from children without ADHD. The results provide an important foundation for additional work in this area. Language: en
Prevalência e fatores condicionantes do aleitamento materno - Estudo ALMAT

PREVALENCE OF BREASTFEEDING AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS - ALMAT STUDY Objective: To determine the prevalence of breastfeeding at 6 months of age and to determine if the early cessation of breastfeeding is associated with maternal age, parity, education, employment status, smoking, alcohol consumption and knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding. Study Type: Cross-sectional study. Location: USF Mais Saude and USF Lethes, Local Health Unit of Alto Minho. Population:Women giving birth in 2009 in these regions. Methods: Between September 1 and October 15, 2010, we conducted telephone interviews with 163 mothers (106 from USF Lethes and 57 from USF Mais Saude) selected from a list of the women giving birth in 2009 identified in the electronic medical record. The information was gathered using a questionnaire developed by the authors. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The prevalence of breastfeeding at 6 months was 36% (29% - 43%, CI 95%). The mean duration of breastfeeding was 5 months. The prevalence of breastfeeding was higher in older women. The prevalence of breastfeeding was high in women in lowest and highest level of education. It was lower in women who attended birth preparation classes. In a multivariate analysis, age was found to be a confounding variable, so these variables (education and pre-natal classes) were found not to be associated with breastfeeding. Conclusions: The prevalence of breastfeeding at 6 months of age in this population was found to be similar to that found in other studies, but lower than the goal by set by the World Health Organization. The association between breastfeeding and age is similar to that found in the literature. We believe that this study contributes to our knowledge of the factors associated with the prevalence of breastfeeding at 6 months of age in Portugal.
La teoría teatral de Enrique Buenaventura: el problema del colonialismo cultural

En Colombia el movimiento teatral ha Ilegado a tener dimensiones nacionales s6lo en los tultimos quince anios. Clave fundamental para entender este desarrollo es el anilisis del teatro de Enrique Buenaventura. fundador de la Escuela de Teatro de Cali. director de teatro. dramaturgo y artista dedicado a cambiar la estructura social de su pueblo. Tanto criticos colombianos como extranjeros han subravado el papel decisivo que ha juaado Buenaventura en la creacion de un teatro nacional. Carlos Jose Reves. colombiano. comenta: "La importancia del trabajo que Enrique Buenaventura habia realizado desde los afios 50 hasta nuestros dias. es sui profunda labor de formaci6n de actores. directores v autores 'I. Willis Knapp Jones y Frank Dauster. estadounidenses. tambien indican la importante tarea de Buenaventura en la historia teatral de su pafs2.
Modified data encryption standard encryption algorithm with improved error performance and enhanced security in wireless fading channels

Encryption is becoming a vital process to ensure security over the wireless channel. However, using well-known encryption algorithms to encrypt data in wireless communication results in a catastrophic error because of the avalanche effect, which is an inherited criterion to ensure security. Although this criterion is desirable, these algorithms do not take into account the error characteristics of the wireless channel. Therefore, if an error occurs in the encrypted data over the channel, the decryption process at the receiver results in half the original bits to be in error because of this criterion. Hence, the need for a new secure encryption algorithm that takes into account the error characteristics of the wireless channel becomes necessary. In this paper, we propose a modification to the data encryption standard DES to make it secure and immune to errors caused by the wireless channel. We observe that using the modified algorithm in wireless channels improves the bit error rate performance as well as security compared with DES. We consider an additive white Gaussian noise with fading and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of bit error rate. We also show that the proposed algorithm is secure as compared with DES. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Sword and the Coffers: The Fiscal Foundations of Sustainable Peace

The notion that war can be explained in terms of bargaining breakdown has led to many interesting insights into the causes of war. A separate strand of literature in comparative politics argues that variations in the domestic tax contract shape domestic regime stability. Our paper combines these insights in a model of domestic fiscal policy-making and international bargaining. Our model shows how the sustainability of each of these bargains – the domestic tax contract between state and society and the implicit negotiated international settlement over the global distribution of territory and economic wealth – is jointly determined. Governments’ international negotiations are tied to their revenue raising strategies and those strategies in turn may be shaped by external security concerns. We find that conditions that loosen fiscal constraints on the government may result in commitment problem driven wars, particularly when one adversary still faces substantial fiscal constraints on its ability to fund military expenditure. Our theory has implications for reinterpreting domestic and international relations in several historical eras, including the periods immediately before and after World War I and the onset and conclusion of the Cold War. We discuss these cases and explain how the logic of our model sheds new light on existing interpretations of these historical events.
Linearization of Random Dynamical Systems

At the end of the last century the French mathematician Henri Poincare laid the foundation for what we call nowadays the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations. Roughly speaking, this theory is devoted to studying how the qualitative behavior (e.g. the asymptotic behavior) of solutions to certain initial value problems changes as the initial condition is varied. In order to make this more explicit, consider the autonomous differential equation $$ x = f(x), $$ (1.1) where f : ℝd → ℝd is a C1-mapping with f (x 0) = 0 for some x 0 ∈ ℝd. Obviously, the point x 0 is a constant solution of (1.1). But what can be said about the behavior of solutions of (1.1) starting in some small neighborhood of this point? Of course one is tempted to first study the linearized equation $$ x = Df(x_0 )x $$ (1.2) near the origin, since it may be hoped that the nonlinear behavior of (1.1) near x 0 will be “basically” the same.
Extensive entero-colic resection for diffuse ileitis; twenty-two month post-operative study with death due to jejunitis.

Summary A case of extensive ileitis is reported with fistulas and polyp formation which made massive entero-colic resection advisable. An opportunity for a 22 month period of observation of fluid, electrolyte, nutritional balance was afforded, terminated by the intervention of an acute jejunitis. The significant metabolic complications which occurred were: chronic dehydration, malnutrition due to intractable diarrhea, alkalosis, hypocalcemic tetany, mild hypoprothrombinemia. The complications which were strikingly mild or absent: hypochloremia, hypopotassemia, acidosis, hypoproteinemia, anemia, nutritional edema, a fatty liver.
Review of Results in Infrared Space Astronomy

It is a pleasure to be at this ESLAB Symposium on Infrared Space Techniques. Over the past seven years very rapid advances have been made in the techniques of observing celestial objects in the infrared. These include the techniques that have permitted observations from mountaintop observatories in the 10 and 20 μ atmospheric windows and recent techniques for observing within the stratosphere by balloons and airplanes. A number of interesting surprises have been encountered and issues raised by these observations. I have chosen four topics to discuss at this time: (1) infrared stars, (2) diffuse infrared galactic objects, (3) infrared galaxies, and (4) cosmic radiation. In each of these topics the observed results have not been anticipated. In each of them observations above the atmosphere play a major role.
Nitrate-dependent anaerobic carbon monoxide oxidation by aerobic CO-oxidizing bacteria.

Two dissimilatory nitrate-reducing (Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 and Xanthobacter sp. str. COX) and two denitrifying isolates (Stappia aggregata IAM 12614 and Bradyrhizobium sp. str. CPP), previously characterized as aerobic CO oxidizers, consumed CO at ecologically relevant levels ( 100–1000 ppm. Surface soils collected from temperate, subtropical and tropical forests also oxidized CO under anaerobic conditions with no lag. The observed activity was 25–60% less than aerobic CO oxidation rates, and did not appear to depend on nitrate. Chloroform inhibited anaerobic but not aerobic activity, which suggested that acetogenic bacteria may have played a significant role in forest soil anaerobic CO uptake.
"Floating" MMPI profiles revisited.

Attempted to replicate and update the characteristics of a sample of hospitalized psychiatric patients who produced „floating” MMPI profiles (N = 69). While the demographic data were somewhat different, the historical information, types of psychopathology and symptoms observed, and response to treatment were markedly similar. If diagnosed using DSM-III, approximately 30% of the patients should be classified as borderline character disorder, while another 20% would be classified as major depressive disorder.
A DYSON EQUATION FOR THE TWO-PARTICLE GREEN FUNCTION

It is shown that the time blocking scheme for the four point function can be used if the single particle lines are dressed. The correct residues of the two-particle Green function are obtained by properly taking into account the ground state correlations.
The Effect of State Tax Incentives on Economic Growth and Firm Location Decisions: An Overview of the Literature:

This article reviews the tax study literature to assess the state of knowledge about the relationship among taxes, related factors, and economic growth as well as the use of tax incentives to influ...
Potential Workplace Hazards to Reproductive Health Information for Primary Prevention

Each year in the United States, more than two million employed women become pregnant. Reproductive hazards in the workplace threaten a large number of these pregnancies. Information is presented on the potential hazards to reproductive health that exist in the workplace.
Control of nucleocytoplasmic transport

The movement of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm is tightly controlled. In the past few years it has become increasingly apparent that nuclear traffic is regulated not only by recognition of specific signals on proteins and RNAs, but also by cellular factors that modulate the efficacy with which these signals are recognized.
New method for the preparation of ortho-phenylene-diamine

Abstract 4-Chloro-2-nitro-aniline, advantageously obtainable from benzene, can be catalytically hydrogenated to ortho-phenylene-diamine. In this process the reduction of the nitro-group and the dehalogenation take place in competition. Results of our laboratory experiments, carried out to choose a catalyst, active for both reaction steps, as well as to limit the suitable operation conditions are presented in this paper. On the basis of our kinetic investigations, two new routes are proposed for manufacturing ortho-phenylene-diamine. One of them is a low pressure, batch-type catalytic hydrogenation of 4-Chloro-2-nitro-aniline, using Raney nickel catalyst and applying mechanical agitation. The other is a high pressure, continuous process with palladium catalyst supported on charcoal and mixing by the hydrogen gas.
Modeling Step—Strain Relaxation and Cyclic Deformations of Elastomers

Data for step-strain relaxation and cyclic compressive deformations of highly viscous short elastomer cylinders are modeled using a large strain rubber viscoelastic constitutive theory with a rate-independent friction stress term added. In the tests, both small and large amplitude cyclic compressive strains, in the range of 1% to 10%, were superimposed on steady state compressed strains, in the range of 5% to 20%, for frequencies of 1 and 10 Hz. The elastomer cylinders were conditioned prior to each test to soften them. The constants in the viscoclastic-friction constitutive theory are determined by employing a nonlinear least-squares method to fit the analytical stresses for a Maxwell model, which includes friction, to measured relaxation stresses obtained from a 20% step-strain compression test. The simulation of the relaxation data with the nonlinear model is successful at compressive strains of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Simulations of hysteresis stresses for enforced cyclic compressive strains of 20% +/- 5% are made with the model calibrated by the relaxation data. The predicted hysteresis stresses are lower than the measured stresses.
Peripheral nerve-dopamine neuron co-grafts in mptp-treated monkeys: Augmentation of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fiber staining and dopamine content in host systems

Abstract Previous studies of rats in our laboratory indicate that a molecule or molecules released by Schwann cells exert survival and growth-promoting effects on mesencephalic dopamine neurons. In the present study, we have begun to investigate the potential for Schwann cell augmentation of host dopamine fiber systems and embryonic dopamine neuron grafts in non-human primates. Ten adult male St Kitts African Green monkeys treated with the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine one year previously, but behaviorally asymptomatic, served as hosts for implant studies. A segment of young adult monkey saphenous nerve was collected to serve as an implanted tissue source of Schwann cell-derived growth factors. Nerve was enclosed in a hollow semi-permeable polymer fiber for implantation into the lateral ventricle, with embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue co-grafts containing developing dopamine neurons aimed at nearby locations in the caudate nucleus. Control implants consisted of an empty polymer fiber co-grafted with embryonic ventral mesencephalon. Our morphological observations indicate that while no clear augmentation of the morphology of grafted dopamine neurons attributable to co-grafted nerve was observed, this lack of influence may be related to the spatial separation of the co-grafted tissues. In contrast, some monkeys with nerve segments in the lateral ventricle exhibited increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fiber staining in the immediately adjacent lateral septal area and the ventricular wall of the caudate nucleus. This enhancement was not associated with empty polymer implants. Levels of dopamine and its metabolite homovanillic acid derived from tissue punches in the caudate nucleus and septal area support the view that monkeys exhibiting morphological enhancement of host dopamine systems also show biochemical increases in dopamine levels and changes in the direction of normalization of the homovanillic acid/dopamine ratio. Biochemical values from a single septal area tissue punch in one animal were an exception to this rule. This study suggests that while the utility of peripheral nerve as a source of dopamine graft augmentation in non-human primates remains to be demonstrated, grafted nerve has a stimulatory effect on host brain dopamine systems in adult, dopamine-depleted monkeys, and that this morphological effect can be dissociated from previously hypothesized injury-induced regeneration.
The Continuing Saga of p53— More Sleepless Nights Ahead

Despite previous assumptions that the tumor suppressor protein p53 exists primarily and functionally as a single species, recent papers document the existence and unexpected properties of numerous p53 isoforms in cells. The complexity of p53 continues to unfold.
ASIS&T annual meeting pre‐conference activities: The 23rd annual SIG/CR classification research workshop: A report

Editor's Summary The 23rd SIG/CR workshop on classification research featured papers, lightning talks, brief presentations of doctoral projects and two keynote talks, all exploring what's new in the field. Under the theme of new approaches with a historical focus, presenters explored novel theories, models and applications, approaches to building classificatory structures, methods and criteria for evaluation and much more. Classification theory, concepts and terminology were considered from a historical perspective, and new theories and changes in conceptualization and classification structures were raised. Modern perspectives on classification include folksonomies, personal classification practices, power structures captured through classification and the limitations of standardization. Researchers discussed cognitive processes involved in classifying, the evolution of concepts associated with terms and sources for new terms in a domain. Through the variety of presentations, it was clear that classification encompasses a broad array of topics, ultimately serving information retrieval and access.
Does Conspecific Attraction Affect Nest Choice in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus: Psittacidae: Aves)?

In their native Australia the budgerigar’s breeding season is very short and rapid nest establishment is crucial. To minimize the time required to locate and establish nesting sites, female budgerigars were predicted to use cues on nest site locations provided by other females in their colony. Experimental results from captive birds indicated that, while females can be attracted to nests that are occupied by other females, the social and breeding experience of individuals affects this use of conspecific cues. Females that have had altercations with other females that resulted in physical injuries showed an aversion to apparently occupied nestboxes. Females that had no such social experience prior to testing were attracted to apparently occupied nestboxes. Breeding experience, as well as social experience, may have an effect on the use of conspecifics as cues. Experienced breeding females were less likely to be attracted to apparently occupied nestboxes than were females that had never bred before.
Continuum variability in Nova Cygni 1975

ONE of the more unusual aspects of Nova Cygni 1975 (V1500 Cyg) has been the presence of nearly periodic (∼3.2 h) photometric variations beginning early in the decline (discovered by Tempesti1 on September 9–10, 1975) and lasting up to the present. In spite of the excellent coverage available, the cause of this photometric activity is uncertain. In particular, broadband photometry has been unable to discriminate between continuum and emission line variations, which is necessary because the relative importance of continuum and line emission has changed as the nova has developed. The relationship of this variation to classical transition phase oscillations in novae is also uncertain. We have obtained very low noise (s/n ∼ 100) time resolved (∼ 11 min per observation, extending over 87 min) 0.8-A resolution scans of the [OIII] λλ 4959, 5,007-A complex in Nova Cygni starting at 0943 UT on August 21, 1976, using a multichannel Reticon (Vogt and Tull, in preparation) at the coude focus of the 2.7-m telescope at the McDonald Observatory. The scans, which are shown in Fig. 1, establish the stability (profile variations < 5%) of this feature. We infer the constancy of the [OIII] λλ 4959, 5,007-A emission feature and further infer the constancy of the other forbidden lines.
Some results of the testing of a full-scale Ogee tip helicopter rotor; acoustics, loads, and performance

Full-scale tests were utilized to investigate the effect of the Ogee tip on helicopter rotor acoustics, performance, and loads. Two facilities were used for this study: the Langley whirl tower and a UH-1H helicopter. The test matrix for hover on the whirl tower involved thrust values from 0 to 44,480 N (10,000 lbs) at several tip Mach numbers for both standard and Ogee rotors. The full-scale testing on the UH-1H encompassed the major portion of the flight envelope for that aircraft. Both near-field acoustic measurements as well as far-field flyover data were obtained for both the Ogee and standard rotors. Data analysis of the whirl-tower test shows that the Ogee tip does significantly diffuse the tip vortex while providing some improvement in hover performance. Flight testing of both rotors indicates that the strong impulsive noise signature of the standard rotor can be reduced with the Ogee rotor. Forward flight performance was significantly improved with the Ogee configuration for a large number of flight conditions. Further, rotor control loads and vibrations were reduced through use of this advanced tip rotor.
The adsorption of polyacrylamide flocculants on apatites

The adsorption of a high-molecular weight polyacrylamide-type flocculant on hydroxy-apatite and fluorapatite surfaces has been investigated, using a nephelometric technique for the direct determination of polyacrylamide in dilute solutions. The effect of such variables as pH, equilibration time and solids concentration on adsorption and flocculation behavior has been studied. Both polymer adsorption and the flocculation of apatite are enhanced as the pH becomes acidic. Adsorption, which is very pH dependent, appears to occur mainly through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. Analysis of the results in terms of a Langmuir adsorption model indicates the specific free energy of adsorption of polyacrylamide on apatites to be of −24.1 kJ/mole of monomer.