cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AMRP peptides modulate a novel K(+) current in pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia.

Modulation ofAplysia mechanosensory neurons is thought to underlie plasticity of defensive behaviors that are mediated by these neurons. In the past, identification of modulators that act on the se...
The cholinergic innervation of the human cerebral cortex.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the neuroanatomy of cortical cholinergic innervation in the human brain and its implications for behavior. The cholinergic innervation of the human cerebral cortex is remarkably dense and widespread. It arises within the basal forebrain and reaches its highest density within components of the limbic system. The cortically projecting cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis (the Ch4 cell group) belong to the limbic system as well as to the ascending reticular activating system. In keeping with these relationships, the behavioral affiliations of the cortical cholinergic pathways encompass the realms of attention and memory. Cortical cholinergic pathways may also influence cerebral blood flow (through the m2-mediated release of nitric oxide) and the potential for experience-induced neuroplasticity in the cerebral cortex. Aging is associated with a modest decline of cortical cholinergic axons that may provide an anatomical substrate for age-related memory changes. The substantially more severe decline seen in Alzheimer's disease may contribute to the emergence of the dementia and may erode the capacity for neuroplasticity to the point where the brain becomes more susceptible to neurodegenerative changes.
Image wavelet analysis with the Multimedia Video Processor

Images can be decomposed into wavelet components using quadrature mirror filtering (QMF) for significant signal entropy reduction and practically lossless subsequent reconstruction. The Multimedia Video Processor (MVP), a five-processor MIMD chip developed by Texas Instruments (TI), is considered for high speed image QMF. The image convolution operation is an integral part of QMF, as well as the basic computational workhorse for numerous other image processing functions. Computational and memory management techniques specific to image convolutions on this architecture are presented. The performance with these considerations is measured using the TI MVP software simulator.
METHYLATION-MEDIATED REGULATION OF THE GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE P1 GENE IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the human pi class GST (GSTP1) gene expression in breast cancer cells is of particular importance to the study of breast cancer biology. In cultured human breast cancer cell lines, GSTP1 is exclusively expressed in estrogen receptor-negative (ER−) cells but is undetectable in receptor-positive (ER+) cells. Previously, we examined transiently transfected GSTP1 promoter activities, in vitro GSTP1 promoter–DNA interactions, and GSTP1 mRNA stability. These studies indicated that transiently transfected GSTP1 promoter elements and GSTP1 mRNA stability could only partially explain cell line-specific expression of endogenous GSTP1. In the present study, we examined whether the methylation status of the GSTP1 CpG island plays an important role in GSTP1 regulation. Southern blot analysis revealed that the GSTP1 CpG island is hypermethlyated in ER+, GSTP1 non-expressing cell lines but is undermethylated in ER−, GSTP1 expressing cell lines. Moreover, partial demethylation of the GSTP1 CpG island by treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine resulted in de novo gene expression in ER+ cell lines, as detected by RT-PCR, Northern blot and Western blot analyses. Our data strongly indicate that methylation status of the promoter contributes significantly to the levels of GSTP1 expressed in ER− and ER+ breast cancer cell lines.
Disturbances of sleep and cognitive functioning in patients with dementia.

Abstract —The relationship of sleep, circadian rhythms, and cognitive impairment in dementia patients is briefly reviewed. All-night sleep EEG data were collected in relatively young and relatively unimpaired patients with presumptive Alzheimer's disease and eight age-matched controls. Delta sleep time and Delta sleep % (Stages 3 and 4)—but not REM sleep measures-were significantly reduced in the patients. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Amygdala kindling during pregnancy in the rat.

A study was made of the number of stimulations needed to amygdala-kindle female Sprague-Dawley rats during the first or second half of pregnancy or under control conditions. No significant differences were found between controls and those kindled during the first half of pregnancy. However, a significant (p<0.05) facilitation was found in rats kindled during the second half of pregnancy. A significant increase in the incidence and duration of paroxysmal EEG responses elicited by the first kindling stimulus was also found in pregnant animals when compared with controls. These results suggest that physiological factors may play a contributory role in the increase in seizure incidence reported in human epileptics during pregnancy.
Robust Underfill Selection Methodology for Flip Chip

Underfill is one of the crucial materials in flip chip (FC) packages. The role of underfill is not only to protect the solder bumps but to minimize package warpage, and to protect the fragile low k dielectric at end of line (EOL), moisture resistance test (MRT), and temperature cycle B (TCB) conditions. As packages move towards green products, the complexity of selecting a good underfill increases. The interaction of high Pb or eutectic solder with the underfill is different than that of Pb free solder. Moreover Pb free solder behavior for FC bumps is just being explored in the literature. Besides Pb free solder, other parameters like die passivation, bump height and pitch, under bump metallurgy (UBM) metallization, and package substrate are also extremely important for underfill selection. As the design of the package continues to change smaller package, tighter bump pitch and thinner core and build up (BU) layers, all of these parameters are directly related to package reliability. Sometimes an underfill good for a smaller die, body size, taller bump height, and pitch doesn’t necessarily mean it will be appropriate for a bigger die with larger body, and tighter bumps. So there are lots of variables in the package that directly affect the reliability. A good underfill should have very good adhesion between underfill and die passivation at room temperature, and moderate adhesion at underfill Tg. Adhesion properties are solely depend on chemistry of the underfill. Therefore to determine a good underfill for a bigger die and body size, we need to have a sequential selection methodology. In this paper a sequential selection methodology is used to eliminate the unsuccessful underfill candidates and select the best one which comfortably satisfies the requirements for all different solder alloys, and a wider range of package geometries. Important selection criteria including underfill workability issues and modeling data are also discussed.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Early response to haloperidol treatment in chronic schizophrenia

This study examined the time-course of treatment response to haloperidol in chronic schizophrenia. Furthermore the predictive value of baseline psychopathology and early therapeutic changes for the identification of the eventual treatment outcome was examined. After a two-week drug-free period forty-three chronic schizophrenic patients were treated with haloperidol for five weeks. Psychopathology was assessed on the last drug-free day and on the third and eighth day from the initiation of treatment, and then at weekly intervals. At the end of the study based on a priori criteria patients were classified as responders or non-responders to haloperidol. Seventeen patients met criteria for treatment response at the end of five weeks of treatment, while 26 did not. Already by the third day of treatment, in the responders there was a significant decrease in total BPRS and in the subscales scores for psychosis, tension and anergia, but not for hostility-suspiciousness and depression. These decreases represented approximately half of the eventual improvement obtained by the end of the study. Discriminant function analysis showed that severity of symptoms at baseline and improvement by day 3 correctly classified overall outcome in 72% of the cases.
The Gift of the Open Hand: Le Corbusier Reading Georges Bataille's La Part Maudite

Georges Bataille (1897–1962) was a contemporary of Le Corbusier (1887–1965) and one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century. He gave Le Corbusier a copy of his most celebrated book,...
Chronic insulin resistance

Chronic insulin resistance has been defined and its clinical characteristics summarized. Although increased insulin antibodies can be demonstrated in most patients with chronic insulin resistance, there is not always a good correlation between the severity of the insulin resistance and the titer of insulin antibodies. Several insulin resistant patients have been described who appear to represent examples of peripheral tissue unresponsiveness to insulin. Various forms of treatment of chronic insulin resistance have been reviewed.
Direct cortical stimulation: a further study of treatment intensity effects on retrograde amnesia gradients

Rats were trained on a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task; at one of several intervals (0.1 sec-15 min) after training, they received electrical stimulation of either frontal or posterior cortex. The length of the RA gradient as measured on a 24-hr retention test varied with treatment intensity, particularly for frontal cortex stimulation. These results, together with previous findings, suggest that the minimal stimulation intensity necessary to produce RA increases with time after training. However, there also seems to be a maximal cortical stimulation intensity beyond which further increases in intensity do not extend the length of the RA gradient. In addition, the present results indicate that behavioral variables alter the lengths of RA gradients.
Analysis of drought determinants for the Colorado River Basin

Ongoing drought in the Colorado River Basin, unprecedented urban growth in the watershed, and numerical model simulations showing higher temperatures and lower precipitation totals in the future have all combined to heighten interest in drought in this region. In this investigation, we use principal components analysis (PCA) to independently assess the influence of various teleconnections on Basin-wide and sub-regional winter season Palmer Hydrological Drought Index (PHDI) and precipitation variations in the Basin. We find that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) explains more variance in PHDI than El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and the planetary temperature combined for the Basin as a whole. When rotated PCA is used to separate the Basin into two regions, the lower portion of the Basin is similar to the Basin as a whole while the upper portion, which contains the high-elevation locations important to hydrologic yield for the watershed, demonstrates poorly defined relationships with the teleconnections. The PHDI for the two portions of the Basin are shown to have been out of synch for much of the twentieth century. In general, teleconnection indices account for 19% of the variance in PHDI leaving large uncertainties in drought forecasting.
The molecular arrangement in α-keratin

X-ray analysis gives strong evidence in favour of the hypothesis that α-keratins are built up of coiled-coils of α -helices. However, it is not known how the coiled-coils are packed together. Recent electron microscope studies of transverse sections of wool fibres and porcupine-quill tips show that they consist of fibrils 70 to 80 A in diameter, separated by a distance of 80 to 90 A. These fibrils show substructure approximately 20 A in diameter. In this paper an analysis is made of the equator of the X-ray diffraction pattern from α -keratins, leading to an assessment of the agreement between the X-ray and electron microscope data. It is shown that the evidence from X-ray analysis and that from electron microscopy are not in conflict, and the best agreement is obtained with a “9 + 2” arrangement of coiled-coils within the fibrils.
A Strategy for Preparing Star Polymers Containing Metal–Metal Bonds Along the Polymeric Arms Using Click Chemistry

The [(η5-C5H4(CH2)3N3)Mo(CO)3]2 dimer (3) was prepared and used to determine if the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction could be used to synthesize high molecular weight star polymers with metal–metal bonds in the arms. Several different click catalysts were examined. Cp*Ru(PPh3)2Cl (Cp* = η5-C5(CH3)5) was previously shown to catalyze the formation of metal–metal bond-containing polymers using click chemistry; however, this catalyst underwent a Staudinger reaction with dimer 3 when a model coupling reaction was attempted with phenylacetylene. In order to avoid the Staudinger reaction, Cp*Ru(COD)Cl was used as the catalyst in the reaction of 3 with phenylacetylene, and coupling was observed after 14 h. Synthesis of a star polymer was attempted with 3 and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene. Instead of coupling, Cp*Ru(COD)Cl reacted with the 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene. A third catalyst, Cu(IMes)Cl (IMes = 1,3-dimesityl-imidazol-2-ylidene) was used to couple 3 with 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene in 48 h. Both a high molecular weight polymer (Mn = 77,000 g mol−1) and a tripodal star core (Mn = 1,800 g mol−1) were successfully prepared with this catalyst.
Hydration of proteins: SAXS study of native and methoxy polyethyleneglycol (mPEG)-modified L-asparaginase and bovine serum albumin in mPEG solutions

Two mPEG-modified globular proteins [mPEG: methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)], and their native unmodified forms, were examined by small-angle x-ray scattering to evaluate the extent of their surface hydration. The effects of free and protein-bound mPEG on the hydration shell were modeled with discrete electron density profiles. We show that an mPEG-depleted layer can account for the decrease in the measured radius of gyration Rg from 34.1 to 31.1 A in native L-asparaginase, and from 32.4 to 31.0 A in native bovine serum albumin (BSA) in mPEG-containing solvents. For mPEG-modified proteins in mPEG-free solvents, we attribute the observed increase in the Rg over that of the native proteins (∼3% in L-asparaginase, and 10% in BSA) to the presence of mPEG on the protein surface. The Rg of the mPEG-modified proteins in mPEG solutions generally decrease with mPEG concentration. Relative to the corresponding unmodified protein, this decrease in Rg is much larger in BSA (from 35.6 to 31.2 A) but much smaller (from 34.9 to 34.3 A) in L-asparaginase. From these studies, the thickness of the hydration layer around L-asparaginase and BSA is estimated to be ∼15 A. Exclusion of polyols from the protein domain could be related to the presence of the hydration shell around the protein. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Understanding environmental management practices: integrating views from strategic management and ecological economics

This paper proposes an integrating framework, based on theoretical concepts from the fields of strategic management and ecological economics, to enhance our understanding of environmental management practices (EMPs) and their relationship to sustainable competitive advantage. Starting with an expansion of the resource-based view of the firm to include the natural environment, the article next engages the interdisciplinary field of ecological economics and its thermodynamic approach to ‘joint production’ to provide additional insights into the challenges and opportunities brought by a bio-physically constrained economy. Informed by this understanding, the article then categorizes examples of EMPs drawn from the literature and discusses their potential impact on competitiveness. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for future research in the hope that the proposed framework will stimulate debate and lead to a fuller understanding of the impact of environmental management in the 21st century. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The air cushion vehicle as a load-spreading transport device

Abstract The most effective fields of operation of the ACV are discussed, and it is shown that the vehicle effectively fills the role of a heavy transporter over weak terrain. A speculative discussion of the interaction between ACV skirts and various terrain is given in some detail. In conclusion short notes are given on some current experimental programmes, and on the work of some actual vehicles in the field.
Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)s (PPTAs) having ionic and nonionic side groups and their blends with poly(4-vinylpyridine)

Abstract Modified PPTAs were made by introducing ionic, propanesulfonate groups and nonionic, propyl groups. Ionic groups caused polyelectrolyte behaviour for the modified PPTA in a polar solvent and propyl groups improved solubility of the modified polymer. Modified PPTA having small amounts of side groups (less than 40 mol% in total) showed birefringence, reflecting rigidity of polymer chains. In contrast, modified PPTA having a very high percentage of side groups (nearly 100 mol%), which may be needed for solubility in common, polar, organic solvents, seems to assume more disordered structures. Ionic groups are also responsible for miscibility enhancement of the modified PPTA with a polar polymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine), due to increased interactions through ion-dipole interactions. Propyl groups may make an additional contribution to miscibility enhancement through increased flexibility of PPTA molecules.
A novel family of growth factor receptors: A common binding domain in the growth hormone, prolactin, erythropoietin and IL-6 receptors, and the p75 IL-2 receptor β-chain

Lymphokine and hematopoietic growth factors control the differentiation and proliferation of diverse cell types by binding to specific cell-surface receptors. Strikingly, the recently elucidated sequences of the interleukin-6 and erythropoietin receptors, and the interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain (p75), display a significant evolutionary resemblance of their extracellular domains. This homology extends to the binding domains of the growth hormone/prolactin class of receptors. Alternatively, little similarity exists between the cytoplasmic extensions of these diverse receptors. I discuss the evolutionary and functional implications of this broad, mosaic receptor relationship, with particular reference to possible structural resemblances between the cognate growth factors.
Duality in the Th17-Treg developmental decision.

Each of the effector CD4 T-cell lineages - Th1, Th2, and the more recently identified Th17 - arises from pluripotent naive precursors whose developmental fate is largely controlled by cytokines that act in concert with antigenic signals. Remarkably, development of the Th17 lineage has been linked to that of regulatory T cells, which obviate or downregulate Th17 responses to preserve immune homeostasis, through a shared requirement for the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta. Several new studies offer insights into the mechanism whereby the precursors of these subsets are directed into distinct lineages.
Polar derivatives of the [closo-1-CB9H10]−cluster as positive Δε additives to nematic hosts

Polar (µ ≈ 16 D) and UV transparent >250 nm quinuclidinium (1) and sulfonium (2) zwitterionic derivatives of the [closo-1-CB9H10]− anion were synthesized and studied as additives to nematic hosts. The molecular and crystal structures for 1 [C19H44B9N triclinic, P-1, a = 9.766(2) A, b = 10.481(3) A, c = 12.098(3) A, α = 93.804(9)°, β = 90.249(10)°, γ =102.587(10)°, Z = 2] were determined by X-ray crystallography and compared with the results of HF/6-31G(d) calculations. Low concentration solutions (<10 mol%) of 1 and 2 in ClEsterhost (Δe = −0.59) were investigated using thermal and dielectric methods. The results for 1 and 2 showed virtual [TNI] values of 139 °C and 92 °C, and Δe extrapolated to infinite dilution of 70 ± 1 and 61 ± 2, respectively. Dielectric results were analyzed using the Maier-Meier relationship and calculated molecular parameters. The apparent order parameter Sapp was found to be 0.63 and 0.50 for 1 and 2, respectively, which is smaller than that for the pure host (S = 0.66). Analysis of the Kirkwood factors g obtained for each concentration gave an association constant K of 63 ± 2 and 37 ± 1 (model 1) for the assumed dimerization of molecules (2M ⇌ M2) of 1 and 2, respectively, in solutions of ClEster.
94 CHANNELING OF IMP INTO GUANYLATE SYNTHESIS IN THE GROWTH PROGRAM OF HEPATOMA 3924A CELLS

The purpose was to elucidate the relationship of IMP utilization for de novo guanylate and adenylate synthesis during the display of the proliferative program of hepatoma 3924A cells. Purine compounds in the cells were labeled with [14C] formate or L- [3-14C]serine in a serine-free assay medium, hydrolyzed to purine bases, separated and counted. Under these assay conditions labeling of adenine or guanine was proportionate with incubation time and with number of cells. During the transition of hepatoma cells from plateau phase into logarithmic proliferation the concentration of PRPP increased 14-fold, followed by an 8-fold rise in purine de novo synthesis. In plateau phase cells predominantly adenylates were produced. After replating the resting cells there was a sharp increase in the relative labeling of guanine with a concurrent marked decrease in that of adenine in the late lag phase. The subsequent decline of the relative labeling of guanine was accompanied with the restoration in that of adenine with the increase in the cell density. The striking redirection in the distribution of label from IMP utilization to the preferential synthesis of guanylates during the expression of the biochemical proliferative program of cancer cells underlines the potential significance of this pathway as a target of chemotherapy. (Supported by Outstanding Investigator Grant CA-42510 to G.W.)
Primary Malignant Mediastinal Tumors

Abstract Thirty-eight patients with primary malignant mediastinal tumors of all cell types are the basis for this review. Eleven of these patients had germ cell tumors. Five germ cell tumors were seminomas, two were malignant teratomas, and two were endodermal sinus tumors. Mean survival for all patients with germ cell tumors was 3.3 years. Eight children had surgical excision of mediastinal neuroblastomas, and all but 1 are alive for a mean survival of 6.7 years. Seven patients had lymphoproliferative disorders; 6 of these patients had nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, and 1 had lymphoblastic (thymic) lymphoma. Mean survival was 5.1 years. There were five carcinomas of various cell types and one angiopericytoma. None of the patients with these lesions survived more than 2 years. Four patients had thymoma with an average survival of 3.7 years. Two patients had carcinoid tumors of thymic origin; neither survived more than 1 year. In 1972, we reported 5-year disease-free survival of 26% in a series of patients with primary mediastinal tumors. Our experience since 1970 shows current survival of 47.3% and 5-year disease-free survival of 34.2%. We use combined methods of therapy, including aggressive surgical resection, combination chemotherapy, and often mediastinal irradiation for most types of mediastinal tumors. Primary mediastinal malignancies should be treated aggressively using a multidisciplinary approach, since many of these tumors are curable.
Detection of early unfolding events in a dimeric protein by amide proton exchange and native electrospray mass spectrometry.

Oligomeric proteins generally undergo unfolding through a dissociation/denaturation mechanism wherein the subunits first dissociate and then unfold. This mechanism can be detected by the fact that the proteins exhibit a concentration dependence of the denaturation curve. However, the concentration dependence does not answer the question of whether there are thermally induced conformational changes that facilitate subunit dissociation. To fully probe these mechanisms it is desirable to have an analytical approach that is capable of measuring both subunit dissociation and protein denaturation in a highly sensitive manner. In this article, we demonstrate that the combined use of native mass spectrometry to detect subunit mixing, and amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange to detect transient unfolding events can provide a very unique insight into the pre-melting transitions in a protein oligomer. Both methods keep an isotopic record of each transformation event, without the dependence on equilibrium of the unfolding reaction. Here, we use a combined form of H/D exchange/mass spectrometry and isotopic labeling/native electrospray mass spectrometry to study the pre-unfolding events of Bacillus subtilis NAD+ synthetase, a symmetrical dimer protein, which plays a vital role in the lifecycle of the bacteria. In the experimental outcome provided, we were able to clearly illustrate that at elevated temperatures, the NAD synthetase dimer undergoes reversible dissociation without monomer unfolding, while at temperatures where monomer unfolding is observed to take place, the rate of dimer dissociation still yet exceeds the rate of unfolding. Information provided by combining these two mass spectrometric methods was found to be very robust, and allowed us to establish an NAD synthetase unfolding model, where primary dissociation occurs prior to the complete unfolding of the NAD+ synthetase.
Schedule evaluation: simulation study of Dreyer urgent care facility

The health service center is considering modification of the current doctor schedule to decrease the average time patients spend in the facility. A new schedule, which on average has an extra doctor added for each time slot, has been suggested by the preliminary queueing analysis. It is anticipated that the schedule will improve the system performance but has yet to be verified by a discrete event simulation model. The shifting bottleneck issue has to be considered as well. Increasing the resource capacity of the current bottleneck (believed to be the doctor resource) might trigger a new bottleneck and could possibly worsen the current situation. In this study, the current and proposed doctor schedules are tested on the simulation model created using SIMAN language and simulated on Arena. The output from the simulation just verifies the preliminary queueing analysis that the proposed schedule decreases the average time patients spend in the facility. Sensitivity analysis is performed as well, and the next bottleneck resource is identified.
Effects of LSD on auditory generalization

Rats were trained on a two-response discrete-trial pure-tone discrimination (500 and 1,000 Hz). Generalization was tested by randomly varying the frequency of the auditory stimuli (200-1,300 Hz) and by observing the resulting changes in response probability. Doses of.04- and.16 mg LSD/kg produced consistent effects on reaction time but did not change the shape of the generalization gradient.
A simple method for estimating transient heat transfer in slab-on-ground floors

The problem of calculating transient heat transfer in concrete floor slabs is complicated due to ground coupling, which can require the numerical solution of two or three-dimensional transient conduction equations. This paper presents a simplified method for calculating transient slab-on-ground heat transfer that can be incorporated within hourly simulation programs. The method assumes that there are two primary one-dimensional paths for heat transfer from a ground-coupled floor slab: (1) one-dimensional heat transfer from the perimeter of the slab to the ambient and (2) one-dimensional heat transfer between the slab interior surface and a portion of the soil beneath the slab. The perimeter heat transfer is assumed to occur at quasi-steady state and is characterized in terms of a perimeter heat loss factor (Fp). Transient heat transfer within the slab and ground are modeled using a simple thermal circuit employing three nodes with an adiabatic boundary condition at a specified depth within the soil underneath the slab. Although some simulation models consider this type of two-path model, there appears to be no validation of this approach and there is no guidance for specifying perimeter heat loss factors and underfloor soil depths and node locations for the thermal circuit. In the current paper, results from detailed two-dimensional finite-element models for typical floor constructions and soil properties were used to identify (1) locations for nodes within the slab and soil, (2) correlations for soil depth as a function of soil properties associated with the underfloor adiabatic boundary condition, and (3) correlations for perimeter heat loss factor as a function of soil properties and edge insulation levels for different constructions. Transient heat transfer results from the simple model compared well with results from the finite-element program for different floor constructions, edge insulation, soil properties, locations, and times of year.
Helium induced nanoscopic morphology on tungsten under fusion relevant plasma conditions

Polished W discs exposed to pure He plasma in the PISCES-B linear-divertor-plasma simulator at 1120 and 1320 K are found to develop deeply nanostructured surface layers consisting of a conglomerate of amorphous 'nanorods'. The growth of the thickness of the nanostructured layer is explored for exposure times spanning 300–(2.2 × 104) s in He plasmas of density ne ~ 4 × 1018 m−3 and temperature Te ~ 6–8 eV where the average He-ion surface-impact energy is ~60 eV, below the threshold for physical sputtering. A nanostructured layer in excess of 5 µm thick is observed for the longest exposure time explored. The kinetics of the layer growth are found to follow Fick's law, characterized by an effective diffusive mechanism with coefficients of diffusion: D1120 K = 6.6 ± 0.4 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 and D1320 K = 2.0± 0.5 × 10−11 cm2 s−1. The diffusion of He atoms in W is considered too rapid to explain the observed growth of surface modification and points to the interplay of other mechanisms, such as the availability of thermal vacancies and/or the slower diffusion of He through the forming nanostructured layer.
The oedipus complex: A reminder of its clinical import

Although the oedipus complex is a critical developmental phase, its importance has become increasingly understated as our attention has shifted to earlier development. This paper explores what occurs in the oedipal phase, in both healthy and pathological environments, and attempts to show how oedipal conflicts may affect later development. A case example is used to high- light some aspects of the history and the dynamics of a young man who attempts to come to terms with problems related to oedipal struggles. In recent years, there has been enormous attention in the psychoana- lytic literature devoted to the understanding of the first few years of life. This has resulted in major theoretical advances in our understanding and treatment of those patients with substantial preoedipal pathology. Many of us who are familiar with this literature (particularly those of us who received the bulk of our training in the last decade) may lack sufficient familiarity with one of the most critical tenets of psychoanalytic theory, namely, the oedipus complex. Unfortunately, this leads some clinicians to view inappropriately a patient's symptoms as emanating exclusively from separation-individuation problems, pathological narcissism, etc. (Dyrud, 1983; Gediman, 1983). In other words, more recent findings have been accepted as replacements for, rather than additions to, our previ- ously acquired knowledge. This paper is written with the intent of re- minding us about the oedipus complex, and why it is such a critical phase of human development.
Effect of changes in the lattice parameters on the Fermi surface of zinc

The effect of changes in the lattice parameters on the Fermi surface of zinc is calculated. The results of the calculations are in reasonably good agreement with experimental data.
Structural and Chemical Evolution of Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Cathode Material

Lithium (Li)- and manganese-rich (LMR) layered-structure materials are very promising cathodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. However, the voltage fading mechanism in these materials as well as its relationships to fundamental structural changes is far from being sufficiently understood. Here we report the detailed phase transformation pathway in the LMR cathode (Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2) during cycling for samples prepared by the hydrothermal assisted (HA) method. It is found that the transformation pathway of the LMR cathode is closely correlated to its initial structure and preparation conditions. The results reveal that the LMR cathode prepared by the HA approach experiences a phase transformation from the layered structure (initial C2/m phase transforms to R3m phase after activation) to a LT-LiCoO2 type defect spinel-like structure (with the Fd3m space group) and then to a disordered rock-salt structure (with the Fm3m space group). The voltage fade can be well correlated with Li ion i...
Recent developments in NIKE2D for metalforming analysis and low rate impact

Abstract Analyses involving low rate impact and metalforming processes with large distortions require a robust, large deformation, finite element capability with good contact algorithms. The rapidly evolving NIKE codes are ideally suited for these types of problems. This paper highlights new metalforming simulation capabilities developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, including rezoning, adaptive time step and solution strategies, and new constutive models. Numerical examples illustrating the performance and application of NIKE2D are presented.
Indium-111 ibritumomab demonstration of extremity involvement in transformed B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma.

Yttrium-90 ibritumomab is a recent option in the therapeutic armamentarium for follicular, indolent, or transformed malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Its administration depends on the normal biodistribution of indium-111 ibritumomab on whole-body scintigraphy. Although tumor assessment with an indium-111-1a-beled monoclonal antibody is not an absolute necessity, biodistribution imaging may show extranodal soft tissue involvement of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A case with an upper extremity lesion is presented in correlation with magnetic resonance examination.
Comments on the interpretation of linear magnetic anomalies

In response to the recent interpretation of marine magnetic anomalies in terms of the crustal spreading hypothesis, a summary is made of other factors including structural, initial cooling, post cooling, and possible spontaneous processes which may cause at least some of the characters of linear magnetic anomalies. Arguments are developed by presentation ofQ values for 571 specimens from fourteen Icelandic lavas and six dikes, and by theQ value, stability factor, and oxidation variation between the cooling faces of one of these lavas. None of the processes described can alone readily account for the observed symmetry of magnetic anomalies with respect to mid-oceanic ridges, but are presented to encourage examination and development of mechanisms other than geomagnetic polarity changes superimposed on a crustal generating system, as the causes of at least some oceanic magnetic anomalies.
Education in Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Community Outreach Program

An educational program consisting of a slide presentation and lecture, a demonstration of how to examine the oral soft tissues, and handout materials was presented to practitioners, hygienists, assistants, and other personnel in their office. A pretest, a critique by the participants, and a follow-up questionnaire were used to determine the value of the program.
Infrared spectroscopy of human amyloid fibrils and immunogolbulin proteins

The presence of the antiparallel-β-pleated sheet coformation io isolated human amyloid protein fibrils has been confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. In most amyloid samples, this conformation was enhanced by acidic solution conditions. Infrared spectroscopy (Amide I and Amide V absorption bands) and x-ray diffraction methods were also used to examine the immunoglobulin molecule for solid state-β-structure. It was found that both heavy chains and Bence Jones proteins exhibited some β-pleated sheet content upon acid and/or heat treatment. Furthermore, pepsin digests comprising either the variable-rich region (Fd′) of the immunloglobulin heavy chain or in particular, filamentous variable segments of κ and λ Bence Jones proteins were, as isolated, very similar to amyloid in β-structure content. Data from other immunoglobulin-derived sample did not exhibit extensive β-pleated sheet content. On the other hand, most amyliod and immunoglobulin-derived samples did display some β-structure when cast from 50% HCOOH solution. Under these conditions, however, filamentous light chain-variable segments exhibited well-defined infrared patterns rich in antiparallel-β-pleated sheet structure and gave a “cross-β” x-ray diffraction pattern.
Accurate numerical integration of state-space models for aeroelastic systems with free play

Results show the importance of accurately locating the switching point between linear subdomains when numerically integrating a piecewise linear system of equations. Henon's method locates the switching point to a high degree of accuracy in one integration step while eliminating the need for a specified tolerance
Diagnosis and Management of Persistent Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Despite anticoagulation therapy, however, his symptoms failed to resolve. A repeat CT angiogram (Fig 2) was performed 1 month later and showed that the mass within the pulmonary artery trunk was increasing in size. It extended from 1 cm above the pulmonic valve into the proximal portion of the left pulmonary artery and into the first division of the right pulmonary artery, with near total occlusion of the right pulmonary artery. On further workup, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (Fig 3) revealed an echogenic mass within the proximal pulmonary trunk, with a pedunculated portion of the mass that was mobile with cardiac contraction. This mass did not involve the right ventricular outflow tract but extended distally into the right pulmonary artery. Left and right ventricular functions were normal. Mild tricuspid valve regurgitation was present. Doppler measurement of the regurgitant jet estimated systolic right ventricular pressure at 63 mmHg, suggesting severe pulmonary hypertension. A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan confirmed these findings (Fig 4). Quantitative pulmonary radionuclide scanning revealed only 11% perfusion to the right lung. What is the differential diagnosis for this mass in the pulmonary artery?
The assessment of prenatal age from the crown‐rump length determined ultrasonically

Crown-rump lengths determined ultrasonically in vivo and in utero in cases of known postovulatory age (33-86 days) agree well with those in length/age tables in current embryological usage. Within the embryonic period proper, however, for a given age, the ultrasonic lengths are usually 1 to 5 mm longer than those of fixed specimens. The probable reasons for this are discussed.
Localized vibrational modes at a double-helix-single-strand junction

A vibrational analysis has been performed for a double-helix–single-strand junction. A Green's function technique has been used in treating the junction as a defect on an otherwise perfect system of infinite chain homopolymers. We calculate that the hydrogen-bond stretching at the junction is amplified by a factor of two relative to the interior of the double helix, B poly(dG)–poly(dC). Breathing modes localized near the junction have also been predicted at 77 and 94 wave numbers. The calculated results are shown to be consistent with predictions from recent nmr studies.
Hydroformylation of Higher Olefins in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with HRh(CO)[P(3,5-(CF3)2−C6H3)3]3

A fluorinated analogue of the hydroformylation catalyst, HRh(CO)(PPh3)3 was synthesized for hydroformylation of olefins in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The catalyst, HRh(CO)[P(3,5-(CF3)2C6...
Algal Exudates and Stream Organic Matter Influence the Structure and Function of Denitrifying Bacterial Communities

Within aquatic ecosystems, periphytic biofilms can be hot spots of denitrification, and previous work has suggested that algal taxa within periphyton can influence the species composition and activity of resident denitrifying bacteria. This study tested the hypothesis that algal species composition within biofilms influences the structure and function of associated denitrifying bacterial communities through the composition of organic exudates. A mixed population of bacteria was incubated with organic carbon isolated from one of seven algal species or from one of two streams that differed in anthropogenic inputs. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) revealed differences in the organic composition of algal exudates and stream waters, which, in turn, selected for distinct bacterial communities. Organic carbon source had a significant effect on potential denitrification rates (DNP) of the communities, with organics isolated from a stream with high anthropogenic inputs resulting in a bacterial community with the highest DNP. There was no correlation between DNP and numbers of denitrifiers (based on nirS copy numbers), but there was a strong relationship between the species composition of denitrifier communities (as indicated by tag pyrosequencing of nosZ genes) and DNP. Specifically, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas stutzeri-like nosZ sequences across treatments correlated significantly with DNP, and bacterial communities incubated with organic carbon from the stream with high anthropogenic inputs had the highest relative abundance of P. stutzeri-like nosZ sequences. These results demonstrate a significant relationship between bacterial community composition and function and provide evidence of the potential impacts of anthropogenic inputs on the structure and function of stream microbial communities.
Dealing With Challenges and Limitations a Response

In the summer of 1987 while I was attending a meeting in Jerusalem, Professor Jonas Greenfield of the Hebrew University and I went to the Shrine of the Book to compare some Aramaic fragments of the Book of Enoch with the published photographs and transcriptions. As we walked into the office of Magen Broshi, the Keeper of the Scrolls, we saw a roll of shelf paper stretched across the floor, on which were pasted photographs of scroll fragments that were readily recognizable as the Cave 1 scroll of the Hodayot. Professor Harmut Stegemann from the University of G6ttingen was showing Dr. Broshi the results of reconstructing this leather scroll on the basis of destruction patterns. Some of Stegemann's placement of fragments differed from Eleazar Sukenik's,1 and Stegemann had demonstrated the correctness of his placements by comparing them with Cave 4 fragments of the Hodayot, where his reconstructed readings were extant in pieces of intact text. This incident bears on the papers in this issue in two ways. First, what we saw that morning in Jerusalem was the unveiling of a valuable new method for lessening the margin of error in scroll reconstruction and for helping us to squeeze more information from these precious fragments. The papers by Brooke, Elgvin, Tov, and Larson make extensive use of this method to argue for the specific placement of fragments in relation to one another, both within columns and from column to column. This is especially fruitful because it provides one with a sense of the general content of whole documents, of which only small parts remain. If we know how close two pieces of Genesis exposition are to one another, or how close the Exodus exposition is to the Genesis exposition, we
Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by disabling fatigue associated with complaints of fevers, sore throat, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, sleep disturbances, neurocognitive difficulties, and depression. A striking feature of CFS is its sudden onset following an acute, presumably viral, illness and the subsequent recurrent “flu-like” symptoms. It has been speculated that both CFS and debilitating chronic fatigue (CF) that does not meet strict criteria for CFS may be the direct or indirect result of viral infections. We therefore tested 548 chronically fatigued patients who underwent a comprehensive medical and psychiatric evaluation for antibodies to 13 viruses. Our objectives were to compare the seroprevalence and/or geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, rubella, adenovirus, human herpesvirus 6, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and Coxsackie B virus, types 1–6 in patients with CF to healthy control subjects. Other goals were to determine if greater rates of seropositivity or higher GMTs occurred among subsets of patients with CFS, fibromyalgia, psychiatric disorders, a self-reported illness onset with a viral syndrome, and a documented temperature >37°C on physical examination. Differences in the seroprevalence or GMTs of antibodies to 13 viruses were not consistently found in those with CF compared with control subjects, or in any subsets of patients including those with CFS, an acute onset of illness, or a documented fever. These particular viral serologies were not useful in evaluating patients presenting with CF. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Updated checklist of the ice-crawlers (Insecta: Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae) of North America, with notes on their natural history, biogeography and conservation

We provide an updated checklist and comprehensive distributional record of Grylloblatta (Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae) in North America. These distribution records are based upon a thorough review of the literature, as well as unpublished data of the authors and colleagues. Thirteen species of Grylloblatta are currently described, with up to 16 additional taxa awaiting formal description. Distributional data shows that endemism of Grylloblatta is high and geographic range size is typically small: the median geographical area of 13 species and six putative species is 179 km 2 . It is clear that there is a general lack of knowledge of species range limits and local population sizes; for example, three Grylloblatta species are known from just a single locality and less than 15 specimens each. Conservation status ranks are suggested in order to update the IUCN Red List and national Natural Heritage Network Database. Finally, we describe the natural history and seasonality of Grylloblatta, discuss their unique biogeography, and provide recommendations for future surveys of grylloblattid species by highlighting known distributional gaps.
High-speed solution switching using piezo-based micropositioning stages

Motion-induced vibration is a critical limitation in high-speed micropositioning stages used to achieve solution switching. Controlled rapid solution switching is used to study the fast activation and deactivation kinetics of ligand-gated ion-channel populations isolated in excised membrane patches-such studies are needed to understand fundamental mechanisms that mediate synaptic elicitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. However, as the solution-switching speed is increased, vibration induced in the piezo-based positioning stages can result in undesired, repeated, ligand application to the excised patch. The article describes a method to use knowledge of the piezo-stage's vibrational dynamics to compensate for and reduce these unwanted vibrations. The method was experimentally verified using an open-electrode technique, and fast solution switching (100 /spl mu/s range) was achieved.
Matching coronary blood flow to myocardial oxygen consumption

At rest the myocardium extracts ∼75% of the oxygen delivered by coronary blood flow. Thus there is little extraction reserve when myocardial oxygen consumption is augmented severalfold during exerc...