cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Managerial ownership and corporate diversification: A longitudinal view

Strategy and finance research suggests that managerial ownership results in increased incentive alignment and therefore is negatively related to corporate diversification. Using a longitudinal approach, we develop arguments to examine whether managerial ownership is associated with subsequent changes in diversification and/or if diversification is associated with subsequent changes in ownership. The results indicate that levels of managerial ownership in one time period are not associated with subsequent changes in corporate diversification, which raises incentive alignment questions. We also find that higher levels of corporate diversification are associated with changes in managerial ownership, which suggests support for the employment risk-reduction perspective. This study provides important reasons to reassess the longitudinal implications of the managerial ownership-corporate diversification link from both theoretical and managerial perspectives. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zeta-potential measurements on microbubbles generated using various surfactants

The zeta-potentials of microbubbles in the 40- to 80-μm size range have been determined by means of a simple microelectrophoresis technique. In general, the sign of the bubble charge is determined by the polar head of the surfactant when an ionic surfactant is used to produce the bubbles. When using hydrolyzable ionic surfactants, however, the bubble charge is significantly affected by the hydrolysis products. In the presence of nonionic surfactants, bubbles can be charged either positively or negatively depending on the pH, and the isoelectric points appear to be related to the oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the surfactant molecule. With ionic surfactants, an increase in concentration results in an increase in bubble charge, while with nonionic surfactants the zeta-potentials change little in the concentration range studied. The negative charges observed with air bubbles and oil droplets in the absence of surfactants can be explained by the differences in the hydration energies of H+ and OH− ions.
Fragrance material review on oxacyclohexadecane-2,13-dione.

Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of oxacyclohexadecane-2,13-dione when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Oxacyclohexadecane-2,13-dione is a member of the fragrance structural group macrocyclic lactone and lactide derivatives. The fragrance ingredient described herein is one of 12 structurally diverse C14, C15, and C16 compounds that include (7) saturated mono- and (2) saturated di-ester lactones and (3) unsaturated lactones. For the latter, the double bond is not adjacent to (in conjugation with) the ester group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to oxacyclohexadecane-2,13-dione and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data was evaluated, then summarized, and includes: physical properties; acute toxicity; skin irritation; mucous membrane (eye) irritation; skin sensitization; phototoxicity; photoallergy; and genotoxicity data. A safety assessment of the entire macrocyclic lactone and lactide derivatives will be published simultaneously with this document. Please refer to Belsito et al. (2011) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all macrocyclic lactone and lactide derivatives in fragrances. Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Hanifin, J.H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., 2011. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of macrocylic lactones and lactide derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients.
Pancreatic Carboxypeptidases: Activities in Zinc-Deficient Rats

Zinc deficiency in rats caused decrease in the activity of pancreatic carboxypeptidase A, but it had no effect on pancreatic carboxypepti dase B and liver alcohol dehydrogenase. The observed reduction of enzymic activity may be related to the poor utilization of feed that occurs in zincdeficient rats.
Endocrine, metabolic, internal, and neoplastic causes of pruritus in the dog and cat.

Although they are not corrimon causes of pruritic skin disease in the dog and cat, certain endocrine, metabolic, internal, and neoplastic diseases are on occasion capable of eliciting significant pruritus. Explanations for the pruritus seen with hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, sex hormone imbalances, and growth hormone-related dermatoses are explored. The incidence and pathomechanism of pruritus associated with diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, uric acid metabolism defects, hepatic and renal disease are discussed. Those cutaneous neoplasms that may be pruritic and mimic other pruritic dermatoses such as cutaneous lymphoma, mast cell tumors, and inflammatory mammary gland tumors are also discussed.
Sex and the Heart

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent and increasingly common, mainly vascular disorder. Most patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases experience decreased libido and frequency of sexual activity, as well as ED. Some unique organic and psychological factors contributing to ED have been identified in patients with underlying cardiovascular problems. Certain risk factors are common to the development of coronary artery disease, heart failure and ED, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and dyslipidemia. Additionally, the use of medications such as beta blockers, digoxin and thiazide diuretics might eventually cause but more likely worsen sexual dysfunction. These unintended consequences can lead to medical noncompliance in misguided efforts to retain satisfactory sexual activity, and thereby worsen cardiovascular problems. Accordingly, it is important for physicians dealing with patients with cardiovascular diseases to address sexual concerns in their patients. After careful evaluation, most patients with stable cardiac disorders can resume sexual activity and/or can be treated for ED.
The Politics of Home: Displacement and Resettlement in Postcolonial Kenya

This article examines Operation Rudi Nyumbani (Operation Return Home), the resettlement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) following Kenya's 2007/8 post-election violence. In spite of the humanitarian nature of the operation, human rights monitors documented egregious abuses, most notably the use of force to close down camps. To address why the government was so intent upon immediate closure of camps, I examine the design and implementation of the operation in its historical context: placing Rudi Nyumbani at the intersection of trends involving land, ethnicity and class. I argue that protection of inequitable, colonial institutions – particularly institutions of land ownership – motivated the government to implement Rudi Nyumbani in the manner and the timing that it did. Existing literature analyses the role of Kenya's governing-elite in instigating violence, but stops short of examining its role in the humanitarian response. I seek to bridge the literature on humanitarianism with that on Kenyan politics.
Epoxidation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene by substituted benzylazobenzene -hydroperoxides in C6D6

The reaction of substituted benzylazobenzene α-hydroperoxides, 2a–f, with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene in C6D6 at 34° produced tetramethyloxirane in ∼90% yield; was of the first order in ROOH and in alkene; and exhibited an excellent LFER vs. sigma values (ρ=1.1 ± 0.1).
Action Research as a Burnout Intervention: Reducing Burnout in the Federal Fire Service.

Despite a rapidly growing body of work on the nature of stress and burnout in organizations, relatively little research has been conducted to develop strategies for reducing burnout. In this article, we discuss collaborative action research as a mechanism for the reduction of burnout. The authors demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in the context of a federal fire department. Findings suggest that action research has potential as a mechanism for the reduction of burnout, particularly because it is a more holistic approach that can be tailored to fit the needs of an organization.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute leukaemia: comparative outcomes for adults and children

Advances in both allogeneic marrow transplantation and conventional therapy for acute leukaemia have complicated the choice between bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and other remission treatment options. Because older patients may be more susceptible to BMT-related complications, this study analysed the effect of age on clinical outcome for 149 patients with acute leukaemia in remission receiving allogeneic BMT. Overall projected relapse-free survival at 3 years post-transplant is equivalent for 48 adults (18 years or older) and 101 children (less than 18) at 45.4% (31.1-59.6; 95% confidence interval) and 39.9% (30.1-49.7; 95% C.I.), respectively. Among 73 patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) 35.3% of adults and 30.1% of children survive relapse-free at 3 years. Cox multiple regression analysis demonstrated that higher diagnostic white count, but not pre-transplant extramedullary leukaemia, remission number, or age, was important as an independent adverse clinical prognostic factor for patients with ALL. Overall outcome was better for 76 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with 51.6% of adults and 52.9% of children surviving relapse-free at 3 years post-transplant. Cox multivariate regression analysis identified first remission status and lower white cell count, but not patient age, as independent predictors of improved relapse-free survival for AML patients. Adults had greater transplant morbidity, predominantly related to a higher incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), resulting in longer hospital stay. Survival at 100 d, long-term survival and clinical performance status were similar in both age groups. These data suggest that results of allogeneic BMT for adults with acute leukaemia compare favourably with those found in children and are superior to most reports of conventional chemotherapy. Allogeneic BMT remains a reasonable option for remission acute leukaemia patients up to the age of 45.
A telephone intervention for dementia caregivers: Background, design, and baseline characteristics

Family caregivers of individuals with dementia are at heightened risk for emotional and mental health problems. Many caregivers do not seek assistance or become isolated in their caregiving role. Multi-component interventions have demonstrated efficacy for reducing emotional distress and burden, although these approaches are potentially costly and are not widely accessible. In response to these issues, we developed the Family Intervention: Telephone Tracking - Caregiver (FITT-C), which is an entirely telephone-based psychosocial intervention. The purpose of this paper is to describe the study design, methodology, and baseline data for the trial. This study uses a randomized controlled trial design to examine the efficacy of the FITT-C to reduce depressive symptoms and burden in distressed dementia caregivers. All participants (n=250) received a packet of educational materials and were randomly assigned to receive 6 months of the FITT-C intervention or non-directive telephone support. The FITT-C intervention was designed to reduce distress in caregivers and is based on the McMaster Model of Family Functioning, transition theory, and Lazarus and Folkman's Stress and Coping Models. The primary dependent variables were depressive symptoms (Centers for Epidemiological Studies - Depression) and burden (Zarit Burden Interview, Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist - Reaction). Secondary outcome measures included family functioning, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life. Results of the study will provide important data about the efficacy of a telephone-based approach to reduce distress in dementia caregivers.
Formation of Highly Aligned Grooves on the Inner Surface of Semi-Permeable Hollow Fiber Membrane for the Directional Axonal Outgrowth

It is generally believed that organized neural architecture is essential for both nervous system development, function, and regeneration. In the absence of guidance cues, regenerating axons may lose their directions and become misaligned, resulting in the formation of neuromas and/or misappropriate connections. To help regenerate axons across damaged regions and guide them to appropriate targets, some bridging devices such as microgrooves are being intensively researched to achieve a better directional axonal growth. This paper reports a novel fabrication process to generate a highly aligned groove texture on the inner surface of semi-permeable hollow fiber membranes (HFMs). HFMs were shown to be one of the most promising results in guiding axonal regeneration [1]. The fabrication process utilized a wet phase inversion procedure with polyurethane as model polymer, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent, and water as nonsolvent. Data indicated that highly aligned groove texture could be formed on the HFM inner surface by carefully controlling phase inversion conditions such as the polymer solution flow rate, and/or nonsolvent flow rate, and/or polymer solution concentration ratio. The texture forming mechanism is qualitatively explained using a polyurethane (PU)-DMSO-water ternary phase diagram and the process dynamics. Axonal outgrowth on the HFM with aligned grooves showed the highly aligned orientation and improved axonal outgrowth length. This study will eventually lead to a new and effective way to engineer nerve grafts based on a highly aligned three dimensional scaffold for the spinal cord injury and nerve damage treatment.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Hydrothermal processes in partially serpentinized peridotites from Costa Rica: evidence from native copper and complex sulfide assemblages

Native metals and metal alloys are common in serpentinized ultramafic rocks, generally representing the redox and sulfur conditions during serpentinization. Variably serpentinized peridotites from the Santa Elena Ophiolite in Costa Rica contain an unusual assemblage of Cu-bearing sulfides and native copper. The opaque mineral assemblage consists of pentlandite, magnetite, awaruite, pyrrhotite, heazlewoodite, violarite, smythite and copper-bearing sulfides (Cu-pentlandite, sugakiite [Cu(Fe,Ni)8S8], samaniite [Cu2(Fe,Ni)7S8], chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite and cubanite), native copper and copper–iron–nickel alloys. Using detailed mineralogical examination, electron microprobe analyses, bulk rock major and trace element geochemistry, and thermodynamic calculations, we discuss two models to explain the formation of the Cu-bearing mineral assemblages: (1) they formed through desulfurization of primary sulfides due to highly reducing and sulfur-depleted conditions during serpentinization or (2) they formed through interaction with a Cu-bearing, higher temperature fluid (350–400 °C) postdating serpentinization, similar to processes in active high-temperature peridotite-hosted hydrothermal systems such as Rainbow and Logatchev. As mass balance calculations cannot entirely explain the extent of the native copper by desulfurization of primary sulfides, we propose that the native copper and Cu sulfides formed by local addition of a hydrothermal fluid that likely interacted with adjacent mafic sequences. We suggest that the peridotites today exposed on Santa Elena preserve the lower section of an ancient hydrothermal system, where conditions were highly reducing and water–rock ratios very low. Thus, the preserved mineral textures and assemblages give a unique insight into hydrothermal processes occurring at depth in peridotite-hosted hydrothermal systems.
Two novel σ receptor ligands, BD1047 and LR172, attenuate cocaine-induced toxicity and locomotor activity

The ability of cocaine to interact with sigma receptors indicates that these sites may mediate the negative properties associated with cocaine use, such as toxicity and addiction. Previous studies have shown that the novel sigma receptor ligand, BD1008 (N-[2-(3,4-dicholophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylam ine), effectively protects against cocaine-induced convulsions and locomotor activity in mice. Therefore, BD1047 ([2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(diamino)ethylamine) and LR172 (N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(1-homopiperidinyl)eth ylamine), two analogs of BD1008, were tested to determine if they also have anti-cocaine properties. Receptor binding assays showed that BD1047 and LR172 both have high affinities for a receptors, but low to negligible affinities for dopamine, opioid, phencyclidine, and 5-HT2 sites. In behavioral studies, pretreatment of mice with BD1047 or LR172 reduced the convulsions, lethality, and locomotor activity produced by cocaine. The data indicates a possible role for sigma receptor ligands in the treatment of cocaine overdose and addiction.
A Transcriptional Activator Is Part of an SCF Ubiquitin Ligase to Control Degradation of Its Cofactors

Multisubunit protein complexes pose a challenge to the coordinated regulation of individual components. We show how the yeast transactivating factor Met4 functions as a component of the SCF(Met30) ubiquitin ligase to synchronize its own activity with cofactor assembly. Cells maintain Met4 in a dormant state by a regulatory ubiquitin chain assembled by SCF(Met30). Nutritional and heavy-metal stress block Met4 ubiquitylation resulting in Met4 activation, which induces a stress-response program including cell-cycle arrest. Met4 relies on assembly with various cofactors for promoter binding. We report here that the stability of these DNA-binding cofactors is regulated by SCF(Met30). Remarkably, the transcriptional activator Met4 functions as a substrate-specificity factor in the context of SCF(Met30/Met4) to coordinate cofactor degradation with its own activity status. Our results establish an additional layer for substrate recruitment by SCF ubiquitin ligases and provide conceptual insight into coordinated regulation of protein complexes.
A Theory of Multiaxial Anisotropic Viscoplasticity

A theory of anisotropic viscoplasticity is developed. It is compared with and shown to reduce to existing theories under appropriate restrictions. The theory accommodates anisotropic hardening laws which, by means of Lagrangian mappings in stress space, incorporate experimentally observed yield surface distortion as well as kinematic and isotropic flow-induced changes. The theory is applied to the prediction of flow surfaces in tension-torsion space.
The time course of myosin light-chain phosphorylation in blood-induced vasospasm.

The phosphorylation of an M(r) 20,000 myosin light chain (MLC20) promotes the generation of contractile force through actin-myosin adenosine triphosphatase in most agonist-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell contraction. However, the role of calcium-mediated contractile processes in sustained arterial narrowing after subarachnoid hemorrhage remains unknown. In a femoral artery model of vasospasm, whole blood was applied to arteries in 54 rats for periods of 2 to 10 days; the contralateral artery treated with platelet-rich plasma served as matched control. During the early stage of vasospasm (Days 2-5), in the media of arteries exposed to blood, MLC20 phosphorylation (including diphosphorylated forms) increased significantly (30-38%; P 90%; P < 0.01) compared with controls; phosphorylated MLC20 was undetectable during this interval. MLC20-mediated contractile processes may be prominent in the early stages of arterial narrowing after subarachnoid hemorrhage; later stages are associated with the loss of MLC20 and the possible persistence of arterial narrowing by other mechanisms.
The General Education Initiative and Children with Special Needs: A False Dilemma in the Face of True Problems

Editor's Comment: One of our editorial policies is to provide a forum for discussion on various key issues in our field. This is important because there are many different vantage points to some issues. The Forum section of the journal allows individuals to reflect on these matters from their own viewpoints. In the first article, Drs. Douglas W. Carnine and Edward J. Kameenui continue the discussion on the General Education Initiative. (See the January 1988 and January 1989 issues for past discussions on this topic.) In the second article, Dr. Robert-Jay Green responds to Dr. Gerald Cole's theory of interactivity that appeared in the May 1989 issue of this journal.---JLW
Male vole urine changes luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and norepinephrine in female olfactory bulb

Female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) exposed to a single drop of male urine on the upper lip showed changes in concentrations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and norepinephrine in olfactory bulb tissue; no such changes occurred in dopamine concentration. The changes were measured in the posterior but not the anterior olfactory bulb tissue of females within 1 hour after they were exposed to urine. These females also showed rapid increases in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Females exposed to water on the upper lip showed none of these changes. These results suggest that in this species LHRH and norepinephrine in the olfactory bulb may mediate luteinizing hormone release in response to external (pheromonal) chemical cues.
Superconducting structures for electron accelerators

Large-scale application of superconducting RF cavities to electron accelerators is in progress at many laboratories around the world. These accelerators will provide high-energy beams for elementary particle physics research, medium-energy beams for nuclear physics research, and low-energy beams for free-electron lasers. Niobium is the superconductor of choice, and its performance is subject to further advances, opening new applications for the next generation of accelerators. Extensive RF characterization of high-T c superconductors (HTSC) is already under way. From the results so far, it is clear that substantial improvements in the RF properties will be needed before HTSC can compete with Nb or even with copper at room temperature. New measurements on crystalline YBaCuO suggest that these difficulties are not intrinsic, providing a strong incentive for continued efforts to improve material preparation.
Simple model explaining and predicting coverage-dependent atomic adsorption energies on transition metal surfaces

The adsorption energies of simple atomic adsorbates are coverage dependent. We use density-functional theory to show that the coverage dependence is due to an adsorbate-induced modification of the surface d-band structure. We developed a simple model for predicting the d-band widths of clean and adsorbate-covered metallic surfaces using a tight-binding formalism. The new model can be used in conjunction with the d-band adsorption model to estimate adsorption energies as a function of coverage. One of the primary goals in computational surface science is developing a fundamental understanding of the reactivity of transition metal surfaces to guide the tailoring of surfaces to provide desired chemical properties and to tune the reactivity of catalyst surfaces. 1 Real catalytic systems are complex with effects due to adsorbate interactions and environmental conditions. Consequently it has proven to be extremely difficult to develop simple models that quantitatively account for all of these factors. The adsorption properties are the key descriptors in many catalytic systems providing explanations of relative catalytic reactivity between different metals. 2 The variations in adsorption energies on different metal surfaces at low coverages have been explained by the d-band model developed by Hammer and Norskov. 3,4 This model relates the surface reactivity to the surface d-band center d and the model has been applied to many different systems including pure metals, surface alloys, 5,6 surfaces with strain, 7 poisons, promoters, 8 and electron-deficient sites. 7 Correlations between the surface d-band center d and reactivity can dramatically reduce the computational cost associated with the density-functional theory DFT calculations, if a simple model for predicting the surface d-band center d exists or if a large enough database of surface d-band centers exists. Although simple models 5 and databases 5,9 exist they are not complete, and they do not include the effects of coverage dependence on the surface reactivity. In the current paper, we present a simple model for estimating the adsorbate-induced modifications in the surface d-band width due to electronic and geometric effects, and the effects of these modifications on the adsorption properties of these surfaces. The model is capable of parametrizing the coverage dependence of surface electronic-structure modifications over late transition metals. On the basis of tightbinding theory a d-band width formalism is developed by utilizing the correlations between the width of the surface d-band and the interatomic matrix elements between neighboring atoms. 5,10,11 A new solid-state table of the parameters used in the model for transition metals and for some adsor
Retiring the Short-Run Aggregate Supply Curve

The author argues that the aggregate demand/aggregate supply (AD/AS) model is significantly improved—although certainly not perfected—by trimming it of the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve. Problems with the SRAS curve are shown first for the AD/AS model that casts the AD curve as identifying the equilibrium level of output associated with each price level (as found in most intermediate macroeconomics textbooks). Problems are then shown for the AD/AS model in which the AD curve is more modestly assumed to capture the relationship between the price level and aggregate expenditures (as found in principles of economics textbooks).
Radiation damage concerns for extended light water reactor service

The objective of this paper is to examine the possible forms of irradiation damage that may impact materials performance over an extended service period in light water nuclear reactors. This paper will explore the different forms of irradiation damage that may be of concern under extended operation. Radiation-induced segregation, precipitation, hardening, embrittlement, and dimensional changes all will be discussed.
Determination of interarterial coronary anastomosis by radioactive spherules. Effect of coronary occlusion and hypoxemia.

Abstract 1. 1. Experiments using radioactive spherules demonstrate that the coronary interarterial collateral circulation is not functional in the normal dog's heart. Hypoxemia can activate some coronary interarterial anastomosis. 2. 2. Three weeks after coronary occlusion the interarterial anastomosis is at least 35 μ in diameter, and at 12 weeks is even more extensive.
Generalization of the Arrhenius relation and ionization reaction rates for carbon atoms and ions in plasmas

Abstract It is postulated that the usual activation energy in chemical kinetic theory is associated with a threshold magnitude of momentum transfer. On the basis of this, the collision theory for reaction rates, which provides the Arrhenius formula for hard sphere interactions, is generalized to be independent of the form of the interaction force. In the case of Coulomb interactions, a simple Arrhenius-like reaction rate formula is obtained. This formula is applied for the first time to electron-impact single-ionization for carbon atoms and ions. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between the formula and empirical data which spans nine orders of magnitude.
Lunar seismograms for LM and S-IVB impacts interpreted as modulation mirage

Abstract The symmetry of published power spectra of lunar seismograms in the Apollo 12 experiment suggests a modulation effect. The two sufficient conditions for the existence of a modulation effect are nonlinearity and some kind of oscillation. Capacity seismometers are inherently strongly nonlinear. Any attempt to linearize them with a large magnitude bias voltage introduces near-instability. This near-instability, however, does not seem to produce the kind of oscillation necessary for a mirage effect. The actual seismic signal is of very large amplitude and very low frequency content. The output from the seismometer is passed to a phase detector which sees only the small linearity left over after linearization with a bias voltage. Therefore, one must return to the basic nonlinear equations of motion where some near-instability related effect is undoubtedly present. One consequence of the use of phase detection here is to make the output extremely sensitive to any increase in nonlinearity caused by the strength of the incoming signal raising the operating point of the seismometer. Another effect is to introduce a very large conversion loss in creating the mirage effect at a higher frequency. This conversion loss together with the roughly 40 db drop in amplitude due to the seismometer spectral behavior at low frequencies allows very little of the seismic signal to get through. However, this same seismic signal induces a nonlinear behavior in the seismometer which permits noise excitation of the impulse response of the seismometer in a random manner and thus creates a noisy summation of damped oscillations all at the natural frequency (or its harmonics) of the seismometer. This acts as the oscillation necessary for the modulation mirage effect. The only propagation effect left in the modulation mirage is the duration of the seismic signal although the observed envelope which is a nonlinear distortion of the seismic signal may offer a useful estimate of its shape.
Personal Gambling Expectancies Among Asian American and White American College Students

Many college students are involved in gambling behavior as a recreational activity. Their involvement could potentially develop into problem gambling, an issue of increasing concern to student health. At the same time, evidence suggests that Asian Americans are overrepresented amongst problem gamblers in this age period. Research on factors related to initiation and development of problem gambling in college students is necessary to inform the development of effective and culturally-sensitive prevention efforts against gambling. The relationships between personal gambling expectancies at two levels of specificity (two general and six specific types of expectancies) and college student gambling at two levels of behavior (initiation and problems) were examined in a sample of 813 Asian American and White American college students. The study aimed to address (a) whether expectancies explained ethnic differences in gambling, (b) ethnic similarities and differences in the pattern of relationships between expectancies and gambling, and (c) whether expectancies that emerged in both ethnic groups have a greater risk or protective effect for one group than another. Results showed that Asian American students reported more problem gambling than White American students, but expectancies did not account for this group difference. Risk and protective factors for initiation were relatively similar between groups, but different patterns of risk emerged for each group for problem gambling. Implications for college primary prevention and harm reduction programs are discussed.
Growth and Remodeling of Vein Graft in an Arterial Environment: Parameter Estimation and Sensitivity Analysis

In coronary artery disease, surgical revascularization using venous bypass grafts is performed to relieve symptoms and prolong life. Coronary bypass graft surgery is performed on approximately 500,000 people every year in the United States, with graft failure rates as high as 50% within 5 years. When a vein graft is implanted in the arterial system it adapts to the high flow rate and high pressure of the arterial environment by changing composition and geometry. Hemodynamics is known to play an active role in growth and remodeling of blood vessels but the complete underlying mechanism of vein graft failure is not well understood. Experiments required to understand this phenomenon can be resource and time intensive. In order to augment the existing knowledge and to guide design and interpretation of experiments that are needed to refine our understanding of vein graft growth and remodeling, computational models of vascular growth and remodeling are used to describe and predict the response of vein grafts to changes in hemodynamic loads. Computational models of growth and remodeling have numerous parameters, and even the inputs from experiments have uncertainties associated with them. There is therefore a need for a systematic approach to estimate the parameters included in growth and remodeling models and to evaluate sensitivity of the quantities of interest to parametric variations.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Mono-Energetic Gamma-rays (MEGa-rays) and the dawn of nuclear photonics

Mono-Energetic Gamma-rays (MEGa-rays) of unprecedented peak brilliance can be created via the optimized interaction of laser light with relativistic electrons. Development of MEGa-ray technology and related “nuclear” photonics applications are reviewed.
Crystalline Amino Acid Diet Supplemented with Gelatin, Sulfate, Methionine and Fishery Products

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to investigate the nutritional value of inorganic sulfate in comparison with methionine and fishery products in chemically defined basal diets containing crystalline amino acids supplemented with mineral mixture free of sulfate compounds. All diets contained 5% level of gelatin to supply the need of intact protein. Dietary inorganic sulfate supplementation increased chick growth, but not significantly (P The existence of unknown growth factor (UGF) in fishery products was demonstrated by the increase in growth above that obtained by the inorganic sulfate or methionine although each amino acid was maintained at a constant level in all diets.
Pathological Changes in Surgically Removed Aortocoronary Vein Grafts

Abstract Pathological changes in aortocoronary vein grafts were investigated in 17 patients who had a second revascularization procedure 1 to 53½ months after their initial operation. Subendothelial proliferation was present in all grafts and had resulted in total occlusion of 7. With increasing duration of implantation the proliferative lesions tended to show hyalinization and to affect the media. Advanced atherosclerosis had developed in 2 grafts.
The coordination of labour in sports teams

Understanding how the actions of members of sports teams are organised and coordinated is a key challenge for sport psychology and, until recently, extant theory within sport psychology has allowed few insights into this topic. This article considers how the labour in sports teams is organised, why the organisational structure of sports teams introduces an acute need for team coordination, and why coordination in teams is difficult to achieve. It also considers the team-level social-cognitive states and processes required to achieve coordination. Implications of the conceptual framework outlined here are presented for current theory and future research on team functioning within sport psychology as well as for applied practitioners working with sports teams.
Characterization of electric charges in microporous membranes

Abstract The electroosmotic flow rate is measured to investigate the charge characteristics of membranes. The charges on the membrane are strongly dependent upon the pH and the ionic strength of the solution passing through the membrane. The membranes used are PM-10 (polysulfone, molecular weight cut-off 10,000), XM-300 (Dynel, 300,000) and YC-05 (cellulosic, 500). PM-10 and XM-300 membranes carry negative charges at pH 2 ∼ 10. On the other hand, YC-05 membrane carries positive charges at pH below 9 and negative charges at pH above 9. This study has demonstrated that the charge can be determined by measuring the electroosmotic flow rate.
Simple solution procedures for nonlinear programming problems that are derivative decomposable

Abstract This paper describes a set of relatively simple procedures that are useful for solving a number of nonlinear programming problems. These problems are characterized by objective and constraint functions that are what we call “derivative decomposable”. Starting with a relaxed problem, we show how derivative decomposability yields a simple solution procedure. Then we demonstrate how slightly modified procedures can solve a variety of more complex problems displaying derivative decomposability. The solution procedures are easily understood in terms of their graphical representations. Furthermore, their simplicity and flexibility promise significant computational advantages for a variety of applications.
Archaeology and roman society: Integrating textual and archaeological data

Although the collection of new data and the development of an enduring interest in theoretical concerns characterize much current work in Roman archaeology, the field continues to experience, tension between traditional classical archaeological approaches and practices borrowed from other branches of archaeology. This tension is most clearly visible with the integration of textual and archaeological data. How the dynamic between these provenances plays out in Roman archaeology can be seen in theoretical and methodological applications, the use of field survey, and the adoption of an Annaliste perspective by some Roman archaeologists. Text and archaeology are crucial contributors to the the study of early Rome and its origins, investigations in the capital for all periods, the study of Pompeii, and attempts to illuminate the chief characteristics of the Roman economy. Many advances in Roman archaeology have occurred largely as a result of a conscious attempt on the part of Roman archaeologists to properly contextualize textual data in light of the archaeological data, thereby providing a better balance between the two sets of information and liberating archeeology from being the “handmaid of history.”
Rheology of coal slurries in no. 2 oil and ethanol blends: Effect of water

Rheological properties of coal slurries in No. 2 oil and ethanol blends containing various amounts of water have been investigated in detail. Water is observed to increase the viscosity of the slurries. The slurries exhibited appreciable yield stress in the presence of water. The final subsided volume increased sharply and a decrease in critical solids concentration was observed up to 10% of water, above which these effects leveled off. In the case of low coal concentration slurries, the viscosity and the yield stress increased with increasing amounts of water and a critical shear rate was observed. Depending upon the concentration of water, the slurries behaved as dilatant, Newtonian or pseudoplastic below the critical shear rate, in the lower shear rate region. In the higher shear rate region, they exhibited pseudoplastic behavior. The slurries containing higher coal loading were pseudoplastic at all water concentrations, and viscosity along with yield stress exhibited a maximum around 10% of water. The rheological parameters have been analysed using the power law and Bingham plastic models. The effect of water on the rheological characteristics has been explained on the basis of coal particle bridging by water, which is supported by the measured subsidence volumes and critical solids concentration.
Reclaiming the articulated space: A cultural analysis of learning and appropriation of digital literacy among the ageing population in India

Most commonly held views on digital literacy (DL) impose a set of prescriptive notions of skills fixed in time and place. These views essentialize DL on the bases of “expert knowledge” and “best practices” theses, fiercely compromising the context-driven idea of user knowledge derived from improvisation and intuition. By examining a group of Indian senior citizens, the study argues that creative appropriations of the Internet and computer enabled technology (ICET) demystify the standard view of DL and reconceptualize the relationship between ‘end’ and ‘means’ of technology as relative rather than categorical. To this end, the study situates techne, defined as creative skills residing within users, within the ritual mode of communication. In the context of India, the framework is embedded in the traditional Vedic ideals that exert tacit but powerful influences on the appropriation patterns of Indian senior citizens. Using mixed method research (MMR) to examine the ICET appropriation by senior citizens, the study shows that not just the social secular context influences how we use technology, but the metaphysical traditions inherent within a cultural framework can also impact and motivate users' response to technology. Therefore, ICET can be a powerful site where the contemporary and the tradition converge.
Social impact in technologically-mediated communication: An examination of online influence

This study used Social Impact Theory to explore sources and functions of interpersonal influence in Computer-Mediated Communication. Participants were 43 female and 17 male graduate students ranging from 25 to 60 years of age. In each of five distinct graduate classes (n"1=15, n"2=11, n"3=10, n"4=12, n"5=12) delivered online at a research university, participants engaged in anonymous and computer-mediated discourse and then nominated peers who were directive and/or influential (positive and negative) during the online interaction. High numbers of peer nominations were expected to characterize participants perceived as emanating social impact. Four interpersonal factors were chosen as strength operants in accordance with Social Impact Theory and were, therefore, expected to predict social impact. Of the four, assertiveness and exaggeration were significant, while emotional intensity and sensitivity were not. Two factors, contribution total and word total, were chosen as immediacy operants in accordance with Social Impact Theory. Both factors were found to be significant predictors of social impact. Implications of these findings relative to online learning and interpersonal influence as it occurs in an online context are discussed.
Dialkyltriazaniumsalze, 1. Mitt.: Die Umsetzung von 2-Dialkylamino-1,3,2-dioxaphospholanen und 2-Dialkylamino-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan mit Chloramin in Gegenwart von Ammoniak

2-Dialkylamino-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane und-phosphorinane reagieren mit Chloramin in Gegenwart von Ammoniak zu Dialkyltriazaniumchloriden und polymeren Phosphorverbindungen. Es ist dies bis jetzt die einzige Reaktion, bei der die Chloraminierung eines Dialkylaminophosphins nicht am Phosphor, sondern am Stickstoff stattfindet und Dialkyltriazaniumchloride in guter Ausbeute gebildet werden. Als erster Reaktionsschritt wird eine Spaltung der P-N-Bindung durch Chloramin angenommen. Die entstandenen Spaltprodukte, 2-Chlorphospholan und Dialkylhydrazin, reagieren mit Chloramin/Ammoniak weiter zu den gen. Endprodukten.
Chinese herbal medicine—Recent Studies

Early in 1955 there became available at The New York Botanical Garden a minleographed copy of Hsieh Yu's " Our National Cultural Legacy-Chinese Herbal Medicine " (11 pages; no date, but inscribed January 24, 1955). This paper first gives a brief historical review of ancient medicine in China and then touches on recent studies by Chinese workers. Brief references without bibliography are made to the findings of the Pharmaceutical Department of Academia Sinica and various chemists and physiologists, e.g., P. F. Chang, V. S. Chang, Y. T. Chang, H. T. Ching, C. K. Chuan, C. H. Fu, P. Kang, S. L. Liu, F. H. Lu, J. S. Tsai, T. F. Wang, P. J. Wu, P. H. Yen. Many of the plants mentioned have an old history; it would seem that their special consideration by Hsieh Yu indicates that they have been found interesting in the light of modern investigation. The Chinese names of the species, as well as the botanical, are given; there are references to most of them in E. Bretschneider, Botanicon Sinicuum, Part 2, "The Botany of the Chinese Classics ", 1892, and Part 3, " Botanical Investigations into the Materia Medica of the Ancient Chinese ", 1895. In the paragraphs to follow, brief comments will be made on the main material which was presented by Hsieh Yu under the heading: " Achievements on the Study of Chinese Herbal Medicine during the Five Years after Liberation. Clinical and Pharmacological Research on Chinese Medicine". ACONITUM LYCOCTONUM L. (Ranunculaceae). The root inhibits growth of Ustilago hordei, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. The genus comiiprises more than 100 species, if finely defined, chiefly North Temperate perennial herbs with tuberous or thickened roots and showy flowers. It contains powerful poisonous alkaloids. A. napellus L. yields aconitine; A. ferox Wall. is the Bish poison of Nepal. There are about a score of species native to America. A. lycoctonum and others are sometimes cultivated. The former has several varieties inhabiting China, Japan and Siberia. AGRIMONIA JAPONICA Koidz. (Rosaceae.) The roots are antiseptic. The genus contains approximately a score of perennial herbs with fibrous or thickened roots. The species have a similar general aspect. There are six in the Manual Range. A. japonica is like A. eupatoria L., the more common and wide-spread species in the Old World. Our native A. gryposepala Wallr., and some other American species, were at first not distinguished from A. eupatoria. Agrimony was regarded highly by the medieval herbalists. It was reported useful for healing ulcers. ANEMONE CHINENsis Bunge. (Ranunculaceae.) The root is used against amoebic dysentery. It was tried clinically in hospitals at Shanghai and Wuhan and its value confirmed (People's Daily News). Anemone, in a broad sense, is a genus of about 100 species of perennial herbs growing mostly in the North Temperate zone. A. chinensis belongs to the group Pulsatilla. There are two widespread pulsatillas in the northwestern United States, A. ludoviciana NTutt. and A. occidentalis S. Wats. American pulsatilla was grown in the western United States
The Influences of Temperature on the Host-Parasite Relationships of Several Species of Snakes Infected with Entamoeba invadens*

SYNOPSIS. Entamoeba invadens was studied in 8 species of snakes at temperatures of 13–14° and 25°C. Infected snakes of all species failed to show any gross pathology at 13°C, although amoebae were isolated from the snakes by culture. At the higher temperature all species showed pathological changes, most severe in Natrix, dekayi and red belly, and progressively less severe in the garter, milk, ribbon, ringneck and green snakes. For the last S species, the pathology in the liver and intestine was so characteristic as to provide an adequate basis for identification of the snake. Snakes infected at the lower temperature and later transferred to 25° showed the same pathological changes as those kept at 25° throughout. The possible effects of behavior patterns of snakes on pathogenicity of the amoebae are pointed out.
Fungibility and Consumer Choice: Evidence from Commodity Price Shocks*

We formulate a test of the fungibility of money based on parallel shifts in the prices of different quality grades of a commodity. We embed the test in a discrete-choice model of product quality choice and estimate the model using panel microdata on gasoline purchases. We find that when gasoline prices rise consumers substitute to lower octane gasoline, to an extent that cannot be explained by income effects. Across a wide range of specifications, we consistently reject the null hypothesis that households treat "gas money" as fungible with other income. We compare the empirical fit of three psychological models of decision-making. A simple model of category budgeting fits the data well, with models of loss aversion and salience both capturing important features of the time series.