cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A unifying perspective on linear continuum equations prevalent in science. Part VI: rapidly converging series expansions for their solution

We obtain rapidly convergent series expansions of resolvents of operators taking the form ${\bf A}=\Gamma_1{\bf B}\Gamma_1$ where $\Gamma_1({\bf k})$ is a projection that acts locally in Fourier space and ${\bf B}({\bf x})$ is an operator that acts locally in real space. Such resolvents arise naturally when one wants to solve any of the large class of linear physical equations surveyed in Parts I, II, III, and IV that can be reformulated as problems in the extended abstract theory of composites. We show how the information about the spectrum of ${\bf A}$ can be used to greatly improve the convergence rate.
California Senate Bill No. 826: List of Non-Compliant Firms

We find that 16 firms are not in compliance with California Senate Bill No. 826 (SB 826), which requires all publicly held companies that trade on a major exchange with principal executive offices in California to have at least one female director on their board. The names of non-compliant firms and the location of their principal executive offices are provided in Table 1. To verify compliance, we search SEC filings and company websites. Statistics are provided as of January 13, 2020.
Spinal Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient Undergoing Lower Extremity Orthopedic Surgery: An Overview of the Anesthetic Considerations.

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the upper and lower motor neurons. Patients present with a variety of clinical manifestations inevitably resulting in death secondary to respiratory insufficiency from muscle weakness and consequential pulmonary complications. Despite the lack of universal consensus on the ideal anesthetic approach to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients undergoing lower extremity total joint surgery, there are few noteworthy anesthetic considerations in this cohort. Case report A 75-year-old male with multiple medical comorbidities, including a recent diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, presented to a large academic medical center for a right total hip arthroplasty revision. The patient's preoperative neurologic examination demonstrated brisk deep tendon reflexes, visible fasciculations of lower extremities, and motor weakness of upper and lower extremities. Serology demonstrated an elevated creatine kinase, and an electromyography study showed active denervation in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral regions. After a careful risk-benefit analysis was performed, involving a multidisciplinary team approach, the patient successfully underwent the surgical procedure with a spinal anesthetic and minimal sedation. Perioperative course was unremarkable, and there were no neurologic complications in the first 6 months after surgery. Conclusion Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis present unique challenges for anesthesia providers. General anesthesia may potentially worsen respiratory function; therefore, alternative methods to avoiding airway manipulation should be considered. Conversely, regional techniques may carry the risk of exacerbating pre-existing neurologic symptoms. Currently, no definite guidelines exist on the perioperative anesthetic management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients; ultimately, the decision to perform regional anesthesia should be based on analyzing a patient's risk against the potential benefits.
Wearable Exercise Technology and the Impact on College Women’s Physical Activity

Increased exercise correlates with positive health outcomes in college women. Many women do not get the recommended physical activity during college. The purpose of this study was to analyze whethe...
Closed-Loop Electronic Referral From Primary Care Clinics to a State Tobacco Cessation Quitline: Effects Using Real-World Implementation Training

Introduction Patients who use tobacco are too rarely connected with tobacco use treatment during healthcare visits. Electronic health record enhancements may increase such referrals in primary care settings. This project used the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework to assess the implementation of a healthcare system change carried out in an externally valid manner (executed by the healthcare system). Methods The healthcare system used their standard, computer-based training approach to implement the electronic health record and clinic workflow changes for electronic referral in 30 primary care clinics that previously used faxed quitline referral. Electronic health record data captured rates of assessment of readiness to quit and quitline referral 4 months before implementation and 8 months (May–December 2017) after implementation. Data, analyzed from October 2018 to June 2019, also reflected intervention reach, adoption, and maintenance. Results For reach and effectiveness, from before to after implementation for electronic referral, among adult patients who smoked, assessment of readiness to quit increased from 24.8% (2,126 of 8,569) to 93.2% (11,163 of 11,977), quitline referrals increased from 1.7% (143 of 8,569) to 11.3% (1,351 of 11,977), and 3.6% were connected with the quitline after implementation. For representativeness of reach, electronic referral rates were especially high for women, African Americans, and Medicaid patients. For adoption, 52.6% of staff who roomed at least 1 patient who smoked referred to the quitline. For maintenance, electronic referral rates fell by approximately 60% over 8 months but remained higher than pre-implementation rates. Conclusions Real-world implementation of an electronic health record–based electronic referral system markedly increased readiness to quit assessment and quitline referral rates in primary care patients. Future research should focus on implementation methods that produce more consistent implementation and better maintenance of electronic referral.
Common-Sense Evidence: The Education Leader’s Guide to Using Data and Research: byNora Gordon and Carrie Conaway, Cambridge, MA, Harvard Education Press, 2020, 192 pp., $33.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1682535059

School accountability policies and mandates have assisted school leaders in defining deficiencies that must be addressed if schools are deemed successful. Such deficiencies are often framed as inhe...
Improved Discrimination of Tumors with Low and Heterogeneous EGFR Expression in Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Through Paired-Agent Protocols.

The goal of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in oncology is to improve the surgical therapeutic index by enhancing contrast between cancerous and healthy tissues. However, optimal discrimination between these tissues is complicated by the nonspecific uptake and retention of molecular targeted agents and the variance of fluorescence signal. Paired-agent imaging (PAI) employs co-administration of an untargeted imaging agent with a molecular targeted agent, providing a normalization factor to minimize nonspecific and varied signals. The resulting measured binding potential is quantitative and equivalent to in vivo immunohistochemistry of the target protein. This study demonstrates that PAI improves the accuracy of tumor-to-healthy tissue discrimination compared to single-agent imaging for in vivo FGS. PAI using a fluorescent anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) affibody molecule (ABY-029, eIND 122,681) with untargeted IRDye 700DX carboxylate was compared to ABY-029 alone in an oral squamous cell carcinoma xenograft mouse model at 3 h after dye administration (n = 30). PAI significantly enhanced tumor discrimination, as compared to ABY-029 alone in low EGFR-expressing tumors and highly heterogeneous populations including multiple cell lines with varying expression (diagnostic accuracy: 0.908 vs. 0.854 and 0.908 vs. 0.822; and ROC curve AUC: 0.963 vs. 0.909 and 0.957 vs. 0.909, respectively) indicating a potential for universal FGS image thresholds to determine surgical margins. In addition, PAI achieved significantly higher diagnostic ability than ABY-029 alone 0.25–5-h post injection and exhibited a stronger correlation to EGFR expression heterogeneity. The quantitative receptor delineation of PAI promises to improve the surgical therapeutic index of cancer resection in a clinically relevant timeline.
Fred Block and Margaret R. Somers: The Power of Market Fundamentalism: Karl Polanyi’s Critique

Fred Block and Margaret R. Somers, both distinguished sociologists, have produced a book that is all of the following: (i) an account of the life and career of Karl Polanyi, paired with a summary o...
The Magnetic Design and Field Measurement of Fermilab Collider Detectors: CDF and D0

General magnetic characteristics of the CDF and D0 hadron collider detectors at Fermilab are described. The method and equipment for the field measurement for both detectors are described, and their field measurement data are presented. The magnetic field distribution inside the CDF solenoid magnet was measured extensively only at the boundaries, and the field values inside the volume were reconstructed. The effects due to the joints and the return conductor were measured and are discussed. The flux distribution inside the yokes and the fringing field of the D0 toroids were calculated and compared with measured data. A proposal to generate dipole magnetic field inside the D0 toroidal magnet is discussed.
Semiparametric Estimation in Logistic Measurement Error Models

SUMMARY We describe semiparametric estimation and inference in a logistic regression model with measurement error in the predictors. The particular measurement error model consists of a primary data set in which only the response Y and a fallible surrogate W of the true predictor X are observed, plus a smaller validation data set for which (Y, X, W) are observed. Except for the underlying assumption of a logistic model in the true predictor, no parametric distributional assumption is made about the true predictor or its surrogate. We develop a semiparametric parameter estimate of the logistic regression parameter which is asymptotically normally distributed and computationally feasible. The estimate relies on kernel regression techniques. For scalar predictors, by a detailed analysis of the mean-squared error of the parameter estimate, we obtain a representation for an optimal bandwidth.
Mapping the Traveled Space: Hans Stadens Maps in Warhaftige Historia

By examining the map and map-like illustrations published in Hans Staden�s Warhaftige Historia (1557), this article argues that the maps underscore the truthfulness of the narrator by reinforcing his role as an eyewitness observer. Beyond bolstering the narrator�s authority, Staden�s map projects a distinctly different image of Brazil. The mapping tradition of mariners seems to have been a major influence, and the map accords ownership of the mainland to indigenous groups, making his a unique representation of sixteenth-century Brazil.
Impact of an AIDS Education Course on University Student Attitudes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of an upper division university level AIDS education course on AIDS-related attitudes of course participants. A second purpose was to assess gender differences in attitudes and to determine if course participation influenced gender differences Subjects included 140 undergraduate students (65 percent women and 35 percent men) in health education courses at a large southwestern state university. Attitudes were measured in four student groups. Two of the groups were involved in a three week intensive AIDS education course, a third group was exposed only to a computer assisted program providing information about AIDS and transmission of HIV, and a fourth group received no AIDS-related information or instruction and served as the control group Students completed the AIDS Attitude Questionnaire pre- and post-course. Pre-intervention scores were used as covariates for analysis of group differences in post-intervention attitude scores. ANCOVA indica...
Effects of Long-Term Storage on Quality of Processed Foods. II. Freeze- Dehydrated Ration Items in Vacuum-Packed Flexible Pouches,

The effects of long-term storage at 4.4, 21.1, and 37.8°C on physicochemical characteristics, nutritional and organoleptic qualities of freeze-dehydrated ration items from Packet Long Range Patrol were studied. The items included beef hash, beef stew, chicken stew, spaghetti with meat sauce, chili con carne with beans, chicken and rice, pork with escalloped potato, and beef and rice. The freeze-dehy drated foods were stable in quality during storage at 4.4, 21.1, and 37.8°C. After 44 months of storage all freeze-dehy drated ration items were in acceptable condition.
Reverberation chambers at low frequencies

This report documents the effects of corrugated walls on the uniformity of the electromagnetic environment within a small (1.8 m/spl times/1.2 m/spl times/0.8 m) reverberation chamber. The frequency band evaluated was 150 MHz to 650 MHz, taking 5 MHz steps. At each frequency 100 tuner steps were made, resulting in one complete tuner rotation. A small dual ridge horn antenna, designed for use above 800 MHz, was used as the transmit device. Field strength measurements were taken continuously using a three-axis, isotropic field measurement probe. The electric field intensity was measured in this way at sixteen different locations, once with flat, aluminum walls, and once with corrugated galvanized steel walls. The corrugated material was attached to the left, right, and rear walls, with extra corrugation randomly spread on the bottom. The data shows that corrugated material increases the uniformity of the electromagnetic environment within a reverberation chamber.
INTRINSIC HYSTERESIS IN A COPPER-PLATED TYPE II SUPERCONDUCTOR

Abstract Reversal in “intrinsic” hysteresis in microwave surface resistance occurs in copper plated, Pb0.83In0.17. This is interpreted in terms of magnetic and order parameter forces at the surface. These forces at inhomogeneities determine flux pinning.
Adolescent Sleep Quality Measured During Leisure Activities.

A one-week sleep monitoring by logs and actigraphs in preteens during summer camp was conducted. Campers aged 11-16 attended a two-week day camp that focused on the learning about science. Nine campers agreed to monitor their sleep and have their patterns explained (anonymously) to other campers during the expert lecture by the author. The aim of the study was to identify the sleep quality in an adolescent group. All nine of the sleep logs and actigraphs denoted severe sleep deprivation. The findings from the logs and actigraphs denoted sever sleep deprivation. The expert lecturer provided basic information about sleep per the science designation of the day camp. A follow up session provided strategies to address sleep deprivation
Oyate Ptayela: Rebuilding the Lakota Nation Through Addressing Historical Trauma Among Lakota Parents

SUMMARY This article presents evidence to suggest that historical trauma has affected Lakota parents and children by changing parenting behavior and placing children at risk for alcohol and other substance abuse. The theoretical explanation of the Lakota historical trauma response is described and used as a framework for the design of a parenting skills curriculum. This intervention focuses on (1) facilitating parental awareness of life span and communal trauma across generations and (2) a re-cathexis or re-attachment to traditional Lakota values. The experimental curriculum intervention was delivered to a group of ten Lakota parents and two Lakota parent facilitators on a Lakota reservation. Qualitative study results revealed that parents experienced the curriculum as effective, particularly the focus on both historical trauma and the reconnection with traditional Lakota mores. The curriculum's emphasis on traditional protective factors for alcohol and other substance abuse prevention for Lakota children...
Characterization of cofactor activity for factor I: Cleavage of complement C4 in human syncytiotrophoblast microvilli

To coexist with complement, human tissues express membrane-integrated regulatory proteins that inhibit the activity of autologous complement on cell surfaces. Certain of these complement regulatory proteins act as obligatory cofactors for proteolytic inactivation of activated C4(C4b) by factor I. Extraembryonic tissues and in particular trophoblasts constitute an interface at risk from maternal complement during pregnancy. The present study examined syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane (STM) cofactor activity for cleavage of immobilized methylamine-treated complement component C4(C4ma), a C4b analog by factor I. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP or CD46) provided most of the cofactor activity in STM preparations. Minor cofactor activity was derived from C4 binding protein that was firmly bound to STM. Cofactor activity for cleavage of C4ma at its two sites for factor I was enhanced at higher concentrations of STM and at lower concentrations cleavage at a C terminal site predominated. Soluble cofactor activity was present in STM preparations and was provided by 65 KDa, 55 KDa and 50 KDa soluble species of MCP that lacked amphiphilic properties. These results are consistent with a major role for MCP in regulation of C4 activity on the maternal-facing surfaces of extraembryonic tissues during human development. Soluble MCP may provide additional fluid phase complement regulatory activity in the maternotrophoblastic zone.
If Nostradamus were treated for MDS.

The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)[1][1] and World Health Organization Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS)[2][2] are great tools to distinguish lower- from higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes in untreated de novo patients, accurately predicting survival and leukemia evolution. But
Self-assembled InAs/Si quantum dot stacks grown by molecular beam epitaxy

We report on the growth of InAs Quantum dot stacks of various periods on silicon grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Quantum dot layers of InAs, separated by a very thin GaAs spacer layer, are grown directly on hydrogen terminated (100) Si surface. The dependence of dimensional distribution on the growth parameters like temperature and monolayer coverage is studied by atomic force microscopy. The effects of rapid thermal annealing on the stability of stacked structures are investigated by Raman scattering experiments. The morphological changes are characterized in terms of shifts in the longitudinal optic and transverse optic phonon modes of InAs and GaAs forming the structure. Post growth annealing has been found to lead to significant alloying of InAs and GaAs in the successive layers leading to the transformation of 3D quantum dot structure to a 2D InxGa1-xAs like compositional alloy layer.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stacked magnets for a muon accelerator

A proposed muon-muon collider uses a final accelerator which is separate from the collider ring. To minimize acceleration time and hence loss of muons by decay, a possible design for this accelerator consists of two, long, parallel linacs having a large energy gain per pass and semi-circular arcs of fixed-field magnets at each end. The muons would make 10 to 20 passes around the final accelerator ring, with an input energy of 250 GeV and output energy of 2 TeV; the present design assumes 16 passes. The recirculator magnets, described here for the end arcs, consist of an array of 16 apertures arranged in four adjacent, vertical stacks having four, 50 mm apertures in a stack, each stack having an iron yoke in common. This type of configuration reduces cost by taking advantage of coupling between apertures, but results in some undesirable skew harmonics. The highest dipole field is 7 Tesla, and there is an 0.406 T difference between adjacent apertures in a stack. A similar quadrupole stack having a maximum gradient of 175 T/m is also presented.
Knowledge Acquisition Advisor (KA2): An interactive knowledge-acquisition tool for expert system development

Abstract A new interactive knowledge acquisition tool, called Knowledge Acquisition Advisor (KA2), is presented in this paper. The new tool will help knowledge engineers to conduct effective knowledge-elicitation interviews with domain experts through structured knowledge acquisition for both analytic and synthetic problems. A graphic modeling data structure, called Knowledge Graph is proposed, which allows knowledge engineers to model domain problems with their images and understanding. By using Knowledge Graph, knowledge engineers are able to decompose a domain problem into several components, to model the feature of each component, and to explore their relations by linking them with sets of questions. These questions can later be employed to guide the KA interview. Moreover, KA2 is particularly useful for interview through computer networks, so the knowledge acquisition can take place remotely.
Iron-based superconductors at high magnetic fields

An overview of the behavior of Fe-based superconductors (FBSs) in magnetic fields is given with the emphasis on the materials features important for pinning of vortices, critical current densities, melting of the vortex structures and the upper critical fields. We also discuss how the multiband electronic structure of FBSs can result in extremely high upper critical fields tunable by doping or in the Fulde–Ferrel–Larkin–Ovchinnikov inhomogeneous state at high fields and low temperatures.
Static jaw collimation settings to minimize radiation dose to normal brain tissue during stereotactic radiosurgery

At the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is performed by using a linear accelerator with an add-on micromultileaf collimator (mMLC). In our clinical setting, static jaws are automatically adapted to the furthest edge of the mMLC-defined segments with 2- mm (X jaw) and 5-mm (Y jaw) margin and the same jaw values are applied for all beam angles in the treatment planning system. This additional field gap between the static jaws and the mMLC allows additional radiation dose to normal brain tissue. Because a radiosurgery procedure consists of a single high dose to the planning target volume (PTV), reduction of unnecessary dose to normal brain tissue near the PTV is important, particularly for pediatric patients whose brains are still developing or when a critical organ, such as the optic chiasm, is near the PTV. The purpose of this study was to minimize dose to normal brain tissue by allowing minimal static jaw margin around the mMLC-defined fields and different static jaw values for each beam angle or arc. Dose output factors were measured with various static jaw margins and the results were compared with calculated doses in the treatment planning system. Ten patient plans were randomly selected and recalculated with zero static jaw margins without changing other parameters. Changes of PTV coverage, mean dose to predefined normal brain tissue volume adjacent to PTV, and monitor units were compared. It was found that the dose output percentage difference varied from 4.9 -1.3% for the maximum static jaw opening vs. static jaw with zero margins. The mean dose to normal brain tissue at risk adjacent to the PTV was reduced by an average of 1.9%, with negligible PTV coverage loss. This dose reduction strategy may be meaningful in terms of late effects of radiation, particularly in pediatric patients. This study generated clinical knowledge and tools to consistently minimize dose to normal brain tissue. 2012 American Association of Medical Dosimetrists.
Some existence theorems of Nash and Berge Equilibria

Abstract Existence theorems of Nash and Berge equilibria are introduced and proved. Radjef's results have been extended. The concepts of S-system and (S,R,M)-system as defined earlier are employed to prove the existence of Berge equilibria.
Measurement of the s-d Admixture for Mn in Cu

Measurements of the spin-resonance linewidth for Mn in dilute copper alloys provides evidence of the extended nature of the magnetic impurity wave function in the metal and allows a straightforward determination of the $s\ensuremath{-}d$ admixture ${V}_{\mathrm{dk}}\ensuremath{\simeq}1$ eV. A theoretical treatment of the local moment spin relaxation via the distant impurity spin-orbit interaction is given.
Adding without Contradiction: The Challenge of Opening up Interracial Dialogue.

Abstract This essay begins with the question, “What can educators do to minimize the risks inherent to interracial dialogue?” Though no such meaningful conversation ever will be without risk, this article offers two specific strategies that have helped foster open classroom climates: adding without contradiction and granting freedom for conclusions. Both of these strategies intervene on several dysfunctional habits U.S. participants enact in conversations about race and, thus, help enrich the ameliorative capacity of interracial dialogue.
Patient-Reported Outcomes Assessment in Cancer Trials: Taking Stock, Moving Forward

To evaluate and improve the use of cancer trial end points that reflect the patient's own perspective, the National Cancer Institute organized an international conference, Patient-Reported Outcomes Assessment in Cancer Trials (PROACT), in 2006. The 13 preceding articles in this special issue of the Journal were commissioned in preparation for or in response to the PROACT conference, which was cosponsored by the American Cancer Society. Drawing from these articles and also commentary from the conference itself, this concluding report takes stock of what has been learned to date about the successes and challenges in patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessment in phase III, phase II, and symptom management trials in cancer and identifies ways to improve the scientific soundness, feasibility, and policy relevance of PROs in trials. Building on this synthesis of lessons learned, this article discusses specific administrative policies and management procedures to improve PRO data collection, analysis, and dissemination of findings; opportunities afforded by recent methodologic and technologic advances in PRO data collection and analysis to enhance the scientific soundness and cost efficiency of PRO use in trials; and the importance of better understanding the usefulness of PRO data to the full spectrum of cancer decision makers, including patients and families, health providers, public and private payers, regulatory agencies, and standards-setting organizations.
Using MIE Raman S ratio lidar measurements to explore cloud droplet properties and the aerosol indirect effect

In this paper, the properties of Low-level clouds are explored with a Raman-elastic lidar. In particular, we examine two complementary methods to measure thin cloud optical depth (COD). The first is direct integration of Raman Derived extinction while the second method utilizes a regression technique. We show that if we correct for aerosol influences the regression method for low cloud optical depth can be dramatically improved. Furthermore, estimates of extinction to backscatter ratio can be made within the cloud. We find that when the lidar ratio in cloud is averaged over the vertical extent, an S ratio on the order of 20 sr is found which is consistent with conventional water phase cloud droplet models. Key words: Low cloud, optical depth, Raman lidar. Finally, correlations between aerosol loading below clouds and small droplets in cloud interior are studied illustrating possible connections between aerosols and small droplet seeding.
Rats with extended access to cocaine exhibit increased stress reactivity and sensitivity to the anxiolytic-like effects of the mGluR 2/3 agonist LY379268 during abstinence.

Metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptors (mGluR2/3) are emerging targets for the reduction of stress that contributes to drug relapse. The effect of a history of cocaine escalation on stress reactivity during abstinence and the role of mGlu2/3 receptors in stress in these animals were tested. Experiment 1—Rats trained to self-administer cocaine, under short (ShA, 1-h) or long (LgA, 6-h) access conditions, or noncaloric food pellets (Ctrl, 1-h), were tested for stress reactivity in the shock-probe defensive burying test following 1, 14, 42, or 84 days of abstinence. Experiment 2—Experimentally naive rats receiving the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 (0, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg) were tested in the defensive burying test to establish the anxiolytic efficacy of this compound in this model. Experiment 3—Rats with a history of ShA vs LgA cocaine self-administration, or a history of operant responding reinforced by noncaloric food pellets, were tested in the defensive burying test, following administration of LY379268 (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg) at 14 days of abstinence. LgA rats exhibited a two- to threefold increase in defensive burying at 1, 14, and 42 days of abstinence compared to ShA or control animals. LY379268 (3.0 mg/kg) reduced burying in all groups, whereas the 1.0-mg/kg dose reduced burying only in the LgA group. A robust and enduring increase in stress reactivity developed in rats with a history of daily 6-h access to cocaine. The anxiolytic-like effects of LY379268 identify mGlu2/3 receptors as targets for ameliorating stress-associated relapse risk, and point toward the possibility that a history of cocaine escalation in rats may modify glutamatergic function.
Single ectopic ureter masquerading as ureterocele in incontinent male

A seven-year-old body with diurnal and nocturnal incontinence was found to have a dysplastic left kidney and an associated ectopic ureter in a single, system which opened beside the verumontanum. An intravesical bulge was identified which resembled a ureterocele but was, in fact, a dilated ectatic lower ureter proximal to the orifice of the ectopic opening bulging posteriorly into the bladder. This bulge masqueraded as a ureterocele.
Crystal structure of peptide cyclo-(D-val-L-pro-L-val-D-pro)3

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the rubidium/picrate complex of the peptide cyclo-(D-val-L-pro-L-val-D-pro) 3 , called prolinomycin, has been determined by X-ray crystallography and found to be similar to the well known ion-carrier valinomycin. Prolinomycin crystallizes in the triclinic system with two prolinomycin molecules and two each rubidium cations and picrate anions in the unit cell. There are also ordered toluene and chloroform molecules, which are the solvents of crystallization, in the unit cell. The conformation of the two crystallographically independent prolinomycin molecules in the unit cell are very similar. Potential energy calculations show that the cation is bound more strongly in prolinomycin compared to valinomycin. This was also observed in solution (7).
The Crusade of Richard I: Two Canonical Quaestiones

THE interdiction of Normandy in 11992 and the imprisonment in 1196 of Bishop Philip of Beauvais, King Richard's erstwhile jailer, are two episodes relating to the Third Crusade which are discussed in the unpublished Quaestiones Londinenses of the British Museum, MS. Royal 9 E VII,fol. 191 r-I 98v.lThe Quaestiones were listed in the Catalogue of 19911 as "Cases in Canon Law,"2 and the sigla of several of the masters were noted, but the first detailed discussion of the contents of this manuscript is found in Stephan Kuttner's magisterial Repertorium der Kanonistik, published in 1937.3 Stephan Kuttner established the English origin of the collection, listed the sigla of the various masters named in the disputations, and identified the episode of the interdiction of Normandy in 11991, thus establishing a terminus a quo for the collection. In his Maitland lectures at Cambridge in 1948 Walter Ullmann dealt with the Royal Quaestiones at some length and established a later terminus a quo in 1196 by his identification and analysis of the incident of the bishop of Beauvais.4 Kuttner again dealt with these disputations in an article published jointly by him and Eleanor Rathbone under the title, "AngloNorman Canonists of the Twelfth Century: An Introductory Study."5 Here for the first time an identification of the masters who appear in the disputations was attempted: John of Kent, John of Tynemouth, Simon of Southwell, Nicolas de l'Aigle, and Simon of Derby emerged from their centuries of obscurity once more to take a place as Oxford masters in the world of scholars. In 1950 C. R. Cheney added some further items of biographical information concerning two of the masters of the Royal Quaestiones as a result of his studies of the documents produced in the chanceries of the twelfth-century English bishops.6 To date, however, none
Identification of Two Distinct Structural Transitions in the Dissociation of Peptides from Class II Proteins of the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II proteins initiate an immune response by binding a broad range of antigenic peptides that are subsequently presented to T cells.1 Two kinds of interactions secure the peptides in long-lived complexes: (1) specific interactions between several MHC binding pockets and peptide side chains, and (2) 10-15 hydrogen bonds between MHC side chains and the peptide backbone (Figure 1).2 The structural complexity of these interactions seems incongruent with the observation that peptides usually dissociate from MHC proteins with monophasic exponential kinetics.3 The simple kinetics are likely to mask a complex, cooperative process, making it difficult to discern the relative importance of the different binding interactions. Here we report a study of dissociation kinetics for six different peptides that bind to the MHC molecule I-Ad with a range of stabilities. The effects of changing pH and mutation of a single solvent-exposed hydrogen-bond donor on the MHC molecule are compared. Two independent structural transitions during peptide dissociation can be discerned, suggesting that peptide dissociation is minimally described with a preequilibrium kinetic model. These results suggest that even those peptides that dissociate with simple monophasic kinetics do so via at least one kinetic intermediate. The apparent first-order dissociation rate constants for six peptides with little sequence similarity4 known to bind I-Ad were determined. Detergent-soluble native I-Ad protein (WT) was purified from transfected L cells.5 Fluorescein-labeled peptide was incubated at 37 °C with I-Ad until binding was almost maximal and then excess free peptide was removed. The complexes were then incubated at 37 °C and, over time, the amount of bound peptide was measured by a high-performance size-exclusion column connected to a fluorescence detector.5 Apparent first-order rate constants were obtained from single exponential functions fit to the dissociation data. Peptide dissociation rates were measured at extracellular pH 7.4 and endosomal pH 5.3, representative of the two environments the MHC-peptide complex encounters during antigen processing and presentation. Most peptides dissociate more slowly at pH 7.4 than at pH 5.3, but the magnitude of sensitivity to the pH change is different for each peptide (Table 1).
Frequency of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) invasion in transected SCC in situ referred for Mohs surgery: the Dartmouth−Hitchcock experience

Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ may be transected in a superficial biopsy, which makes it difficult to distinguish between in situ and invasive carcinoma. This study investigated the frequency of invasive SCC in transected SCC in situ referred for Mohs surgery. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to identify subjects with biopsy-proven, transected SCC in situ referred for Mohs surgery. The incidence of invasion, histologic variables, preoperative and intraoperative correlations, and clinical factors were determined and recorded. Results Of 51 cases identified, five (9.8%) were found to harbor invasive SCC, 15 (29.4%) showed SCC in situ, and 28 (54.9%) showed evidence of scarring, inflammation, or actinic keratosis at the prior biopsy site. Invasive lesions required significantly more stages of Mohs surgery to obtain tumor clearance but were similar with regard to patient age, symptoms, and family and personal histories of skin cancer. Preoperative lesion size and duration were greater in invasive cases, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions A small number of transected SCCs in situ, to which the caveat “invasion cannot be ruled out” can be applied, have an invasive component that is identified during Mohs surgery. Definitive treatment choices should depend on the physician's impression, the clinical characteristics of the lesion, tumor location, patient comorbidities, and patient desires.
Influence of Metal Impurity Defects on the Electrical and Optical Properties of ITO Films on the PEN Substrates

Indium tin oxide (ITO) has drawn a great deal of attention due to its potential use as transparent electrodes in organic light emitting diode (OLED) and photovoltaic applications. This work focuses on understanding the role of impurity defects on the electrical conduction and transmittance of ITO. Thin films of ITO with high carrier concentration have been deposited onto polyethylene napthalate (PEN) substrates by electron-beam deposition without introduction of oxygen into the chamber. The influence of air anneals on the electrical and optical properties of ITO/PEN samples can is evaluated in terms of the oxygen content and is explained in terms of changes in the free electron concentrations. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were used to determine the oxygen content in the film. A Hall effect measurement is used to determine the dependence of electrical properties on oxygen content. The electrical properties of the ITO films such as carrier concentration, electrical mobility, and resistivity abruptly changes after annealing in the air atmospheres. In addition, optical transmittance is improved from 7 to 71 % and optical band gap changes from 3.18 to 3.25 eV after heat treatment. The optical band gap narrowing behavior is because of impurity band and heavy carrier concentration. Metal impurity clusters form in the films as a result of oxygen deficiency and also generate defects and/or impurity states in the band gap and produces an optical band gap shift by merging of these impurity states and conduction band.
On the Referential Indeterminacy of Logical and Mathematical Concepts

Hartry Field has recently examined the question whether our logical and mathematical concepts are referentially indeterminate. In his view, (1) certain logical notions, such as second-order quantification, are indeterminate, but (2) important mathematical notions, such as the notion of finiteness, are not (they are determinate). In this paper, I assess Field’s analysis, and argue that claims (1) and (2) turn out to be inconsistent. After all, given that the notion of finiteness can only be adequately characterized in pure second-order logic, if Field is right in claiming that second-order quantification is indeterminate (see (1)), it follows that finiteness is also indeterminate (contrary to (2)). After arguing that Field is committed to these claims, I provide a diagnosis of why this inconsistency emerged, and I suggest an alternative, consistent picture of the relationship between logical and mathematical indeterminacy.
A Preliminary Study of Severe Wind-Producing MCSs in Environments of Limited Moisture

Abstract An examination of severe wind-producing mesoscale convective systems that occur in environments of very limited moisture is presented. Such systems, herein referred to as low-dewpoint derechos (LDDs), are difficult to forecast as they form in regions where the level of convective instability is well below that normally associated with severe convective weather. Using a dataset consisting of 12 LDDs that affected various parts of the continental United States, composite surface and upper-level analyses are constructed. These are used to identify factors that appear to be associated with LDD initiation and sustenance. It is shown that LDDs occur in mean kinematic and thermodynamic patterns notably different from those associated with most derechos. LDDs typically form along or just ahead of cold fronts, in the exit region of strong, upper-level jet streaks. Based on the juxtaposition of features in the composite analysis, it appears that linear forcing for ascent provided by the front, and/or ageos...
Countable Fréchet topological groups under CH

Abstract We construct under CH a countable Frechet topological group with sequential non-Frechet square and a countable Frechet α 3 -group which is not α 2 . We also give a simple proof that for Frechet topological groups α 1.5 is equivalent to α 1 . This answers some questions of D. Shakhmatov.
Considerations when measuring myocardial perfusion reserve by cardiovascular magnetic resonance using regadenoson

Background Adenosine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately quantify myocardial perfusion reserve. While regadenoson is increasingly employed due to ease of use, imaging protocols have not been standardized. We sought to determine the optimal regadenoson CMR protocol for quantifying myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRi) – more specifically, whether regadenoson stress imaging should be performed before or after rest imaging.
COMPETITION AND DENSITY‐DEPENDENT FITNESS IN APLANT PARASITIC FUNGUS

Inter- and intrastrain competitive interactions and their effects on fitness were quantified for coexisting strains of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Pgt) on wheat leaves. Urediniospores of two strains were inoculated onto leaves singly and in a 1:1 mixture over a range of inoculum densities. Per-leaf relationships among inoculum density, uredinial formation, and urediniospore production were quanitified and mathematically modeled. From the single-strain data, values of carrying capacity for uredinia on leaves, infection efficiency of urediniospores, maximum sporulation capacity on leaves, and sporulation efficiency of uredinia were estimated for both strains. From the mixed-strain data, interstrain competitive effects of each strain on the other’s uredinial formation and urediniospore production were evaluated. Although one strain had competitive advantages in both uredinial formation and urediniospore production, the other strain was able to dominate in mixture due to its substantially higher carrying capacity, maximum sporulation capacity, and infection efficiency. This illustrates that in coexisting strains or species, competitive advantages do not necessarily translate into an advantage in fitness. The methods of competition analysis have potential applications for the study of pathogen populations, as well as other systems of coexisting organisms.
Forecasting another’s enjoyment versus giving the right answer: Trust, shared values, task effects, and confidence in improving the acceptance of advice

Abstract In two experiments, participants received advice from another participant on a task either with a correct answer (intellective tasks) or without a correct answer (judgmental task), in which the participant had to make a forecast. In both experiments, the level of trust in the advisor and a perception of the advisor having similar values were important predictors of the acceptance of advice for a judgmental, taste forecast task, whereas advisor confidence was a more important predictor of the acceptance of advice on the intellective task. In Experiment 2, the face-to-face interactions between the decision-maker and the advisor were videotaped and coded. Advisors provided more information to decision-makers for the taste forecast than for the intellective task. Further, whether the advisor provided information to supplement their recommendation or not was a significant predictor of the acceptance of advice on the taste forecast, but not on the intellective task. The results are discussed in the context of previous research on advice, which has predominately used intellective tasks.
Feedback in hightech writing

This article is concerned with reviews, surveys, tests, and other formal procedures used in writing for the computer industry that are designed to provide authors and publications managers with information about the quality and nature of documentation. The literature in this area reveals a number of problems with feedback in hightech writing, including the lack of a consistent definition of feedback processes. The article investigates various types of reviews, theoretical aspects of feedback, and elements of feedback specific to hightech writing. This investigation yields three consistent perspectives on feedback: management, style and rhetoric, and research.
Cooperation in the sporadically repeated prisoners’ dilemma via reputation mechanisms

We consider the sporadically repeated Prisoners’ Dilemma, examine a class of two-state reputation mechanisms and find that only three have efficient robust perfect Nash equilibria in Markov strategies. Since the asymptotic stability properties are crucial to their plausibility as realistic solutions, we examine replicator dynamics for the simplest reputation mechanism that entails both punishment and penitence. The strategy to cooperate with Good opponents and defect against Bad opponents is a global attractor of replicator dynamics, and hence cooperation is successfully sustained in the long run.
TCP byte counting refinements

TCP's delayed acknowledgment algorithm has been shown to hurt TCP performance. One method of gaining the performance lost by reducing the number of acknowledgments sent is to use a limited byte counting algorithm. However, we show that as outlined in [All98], limited byte counting is too aggressive in some situations. This paper defines an appropriate byte counting algorithm to fix this aggressiveness. This paper shows that appropriate byte counting is a better overall algorithm. In addition, a scaled version of the appropriate byte counting algorithm, which provides finer-grained control over the aggressiveness of the algorithm, is outlined. In addition, unlike previous work this paper considers the impact of byte counting flows on competing traffic and shows that it is not fundamentally unfair to competing flows that do not use the new algorithm.
Circulating biomarkers for detection of ovarian cancer and predicting cancer outcomes

Securing a diagnosis of ovarian cancer and establishing means to predict outcomes to therapeutics remain formidable clinical challenges. Early diagnosis is particularly important since survival rates are markedly improved if tumour is detected early. Comprehensive miRNA profiles were generated on presurgical plasma samples from 42 women with confirmed serous epithelial ovarian cancer, 36 women diagnosed with a benign neoplasm, and 23 comparably age-matched women with no known pelvic mass. Twenty-two miRNAs were differentially expressed between healthy controls and the ovarian cancer group (P<0.05), while a six miRNA profile subset distinguished presurgical plasma from benign and ovarian cancer patients. There were also significant differences in miRNA profiles in presurgical plasma from women diagnosed with ovarian cancer who had short overall survival when compared to women with long overall survival (P<0.05). Our preliminary data support the utility of circulating plasma miRNAs to distinguish women with ovarian cancer from those with a benign mass and identify women likely to benefit from currently available treatment for serous epithelial ovarian cancer from those who may not.