cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermia increases cerebral metabolic rate and blood flow in neonatal pigs.

We examined effects of hyperthermia on cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in anesthetized, newborn pigs (2–5 days old). CBF and CMRO2 were measured during normothermia (38 degrees C) and during hyperthermia induced by body heating (42 degrees C). During normothermia, total CBF was 32 +/- 3 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (n = 9), and CMRO2 was 1.34 +/- 0.08 ml O2.100 g-1.min-1 (n = 7). During hyperthermia, total CBF increased by 97 +/- 23% and CMRO2 by 65 +/- 24%. We also examined whether cerebral resistance vessels were responsive under these conditions. During hyperthermia, total CBF was 63 +/- 6 ml.min-1.100 g-1, and CMRO2 was 2.13 +/- 0.27 ml O2.100 g-1.min-1. During sustained hyperthermia, intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg of indomethacin decreased total CBF by 45 +/- 7% (n = 9), and CMRO2 fell by 55 +/- 10% (n = 5). We conclude that 1) hyperthermia increases CBF and CMRO2, and 2) the dilated cerebrovascular bed during hyperthermia still is responsive to a constrictor stimulus.
Loss of Phagocytic and Antigen Cross-Presenting Capacity in Aging Dendritic Cells Is Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Impaired functionality of dendritic cells (DCs) significantly contributes to decreased adaptive immune responses in aged hosts. The expression of MHC-peptide on the DC surface is the critical first step in T cell priming, but few studies have addressed the effect of aging on Ag acquisition, processing, and presentation by DCs. In this study, we show that aged murine DCs were less efficient in the cross-presentation of cell-associated Ag and subsequently in the cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells than were their young counterparts. The decreased cross-presentation was associated with a reduction in the frequency of CD8α DCs and merocytic (CD8α(-)CD11b(-))DCs that could endocytose cell-associated Ag, as well as the number and the size of the endocytosed particles in the DC that did internalize cell-associated materials. Mechanistically, phagocytic capacity has been associated with mitochondrial activity and membrane potential (Δψm). Aged DCs exhibited profound signs of mitochondrial dysfunction, illustrated by lower Δψm, reduced ATP turnover and coupling efficiency, decreased baseline oxidative phosphorylation, and greater proton leak and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mimicking the aged metabolic phenotype in young DCs by pharmacologic manipulation indicated that the reductions in Δψm and ATP impeded the phagocytic capacity whereas ROS interfered with a later step in the cross-presentation process. Conversely, in vitro scavenging of ROS partially restored cross-presentation by aged DCs. Taken together, these data suggest that improvement of aged DC functionality might be feasible in the elderly by targeting metabolic dysfunction or its downstream sequelae, thereby opening new avenues for enhancing vaccine efficiency in this population.
Positive Affect and Malleable Mental Accounting: An Investigation of the Role of Positive Affect in Flexible Expense Categorization and Spending

The present research examines the impact of positive affect on mental accounting and the underlying mechanisms. The authors find that individuals in a positive (vs. neutral) affective state are less likely to exploit ambiguity in mental accounts and justify spending, but only when processing resources are unconstrained. In contrast, when processing resources are limited (high cognitive load), those in a positive (vs. neutral) affective state are more likely to spend. These findings offer new insights into the interplay between affect and cognition in decision making, the use of mental accounting strategies, and the role of affect in spending and self-control.
The Effect of State Policies on Organ Donation and Transplantation in the United States.

Importance Shortages in transplantable solid organs remain a critical public health challenge in the United States. During the past 2 decades, all states have implemented policies to increase organ supply, although their effectiveness is unknown. Objective To determine the effects on organ donation and transplantation rates of state policies to provide incentives for volunteer donation. Design, Setting, and Participants Using a quasi-experimental design and difference-in-differences regression analyses, we estimated the effect of policies in all 50 states and the District of Columbia on organ donors per capita and the number of transplantations from January 1, 1988, to December 31, 2010. Analyses were also stratified by type of donor (living vs deceased). Data were derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing. All data collection occurred between July 7 and September 27, 2013. Exposures Policies of interest were the presence of first-person consent laws, donor registries, dedicated revenue streams for donor recruitment activities, population education programs, paid leave for donation, and tax incentives. Information on states’ passage of various policies was obtained from primary legislative and legal sources. Main Outcomes and Measures The number of organ donors and transplantations per state, per year, during the study period. Results From 1988 to 2010, the number of states passing at least 1 donation-related policy increased from 7 (14%) to 50 (100%). First-person consent laws, donor registries, public education, paid leave, and tax incentives had no robust, significant association with either donation rates or number of transplants. The establishment of revenue policies, in which individuals contribute to a protected state fund for donation promotion activities, was associated with a 5.3% increase in the absolute number of transplants (95% CI, 0.57%-10.1%; P = .03). These associations were driven by a 4.9% increase in organ donations (95% CI, 0.97%-8.7%; P = .01) and an 8.0% increase in transplants (95% CI, 3.1%-12.9%; P = .001) from deceased donors as opposed to changes among living donors or transplants from living donors. Conclusions and Relevance Nearly all state-level policies to encourage organ donation have had no observable effect on the rate of organ donation and transplantation in the United States. The one exception was the establishment of revenue policies to promote organ donation, which may have led to small increases in organ donations and transplantations from deceased donors. New policy designs are needed to increase donation rates and curtail the widening gap between organ supply and demand.
The neonatal porcine lung: Ultrastructural morphology and postnatal development of the terminal airways and alveolar region

Morphology and postnatal development of the porcine lung are described in animals ranging in age from newborn through 60 days. Standardized fixation was accomplished by intratracheal instillation of glutaraldehyde under constant pressure. Light microscopic, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic investigations revealed that the porcine lung follows the common architecture of mammalian lungs, but has certain peculiarities as well: intravascular macrophages, ultrastructurally similar to Kupffer cells, are attached to endothelial cells in pulmonary capillaries and are involved in erythrophagocytosis during the first postnatal weeks. Type II pneumocytes of newborn pigs exhibit signs of cell activation, mainly complex nuclear bodies in the cell nuclei. At the same time high levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids are observed in the newborn blood plasma. Terminal airways of the porcine lung are nonalveloarized and are, therefore, of purely conductive function. At birth the porcine lung exhibits a high degree of maturity, and thickwalled primary saccules, as described in newborn rodents, are not seen. Septa appear straight and smooth, owing to rare ramification. Septal buds are discernible, and two capillary networks visible on both sides of septal cross sections are seen. Further subdivision of the airspaces occurs in the first two postnatal weeks. Precociousness and fast postnatal growth of the porcine species are assumed to be the reason of this advanced degree of lung maturity at birth and the following rapid pulmonary development.
Zeolite- and MgO-Supported Molecular Iridium Complexes: Support and Ligand Effects in Catalysis of Ethene Hydrogenation and H–D Exchange in the Conversion of H2 + D2

Zeolite- and MgO-supported mononuclear iridium diethene complexes were formed by the reaction of Ir(C2H4)2(acac) (acac = acetylacetonate, C5H7O2–) with each support. Changes in the ligand environment of the supported iridium complexes were characterized by infrared, X-ray absorption near edge structure, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies as various mixtures of H2, C2H4, and CO flowed over the samples. In contrast to the nonuniform metal complexes anchored to metal oxides, our zeolite-supported metal complexes were highly uniform, allowing precise determinations of the chemistry, including the role of the support as a macroligand. Zeolite- and MgO-supported Ir(C2H4)2 complexes are each rapidly converted to Ir(CO)2 upon contact with a pulse of CO, and the νCO frequencies indicate that the iridium is more electron-deficient when the support is the zeolite. The Ir(CO)2 complex supported on MgO was highly stable in the presence of various combinations of CO, C2H4, and helium. In contra...
Tropical wetlands as a carbon source

Abstract Wetlands have long been recognized as a carbon sink, and a suggestion has been made that this may have served in the past several centuries to balance out releases from reduction of forests in the world. Cultural exploitation of wetland areas, such as excavation during exploration for fossil fuel and minerals, draining for farming of grain and fiber and production of animal protein, invariably results in the oxidation of the carbon storage sink. Destructive wetland alterations which reduce or remove the vegetative cover also decrease the fixation of atmospheric carbon, thus resulting in a net carbon release from wetlands. Wetland excavation for peat extraction is estimated to oxidize 472 metric tons of stored carbon per 1000 metric tons of dry peat combusted, while 375 metric tons of carbon are released from one hectare of mangrove swamp cleared and dug out for fish pond construction. Increasing and widespread alterations of this nature convert wetlands to a carbon source and could therefore play a significant role in the global cycle of carbon.
Note on a solitary wave in a slowly varying channel

Johnson's (1973) description of a solitary wave in water of slowly varying depth is extended to a channel of slowly varying breadth and depth b and d on the assumption that the scale for the variation of b and d is large compared with d5/2a3/2. It is inferred from conservation of energy that the amplitude of the wave is proportional to for long waves of small amplitude). Comparison with experiment (Perroud 1957) yields fairly satisfactory agreement for a linearly converging channel of constant depth. The agreement for a linearly diverging channel is not satisfactory, but the experimental data are inadequate to support any firm conclusion.
A study of cancer mortality in an urban industrial environment

Abstract The study examines the relationship between urban air pollution, as indexed by total suspended particulate concentrations, in Lake and Porter Counties in Indiana, and the Calumet region of South Chicago, Illinois. This area exhibits a pollution gradient conducive to a study of this type; high pollution levels in a heavily industrialized urban region, and low to moderate pollution levels in an adjoining rural region. The study reveals the difficulties encountered in drawing conclusions from epidemiological investigations involving an urban population. Nevertheless, it appears to support the contention that air pollution and other factors characteristic of an urban environment contribute to elevated cancer mortality rates.
Late Histopathologic Changes and Healing in an Improved Rodent Model of Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis

Studies of experimental pancreatitis have generally focussed on early time points rather than the stages of healing and resolution or scarring. We recently characterized a new pancreatitis model of mo
Significant rectal and bladder dose reduction via utilization of Foley balloon catheters in high-dose-rate tandem and ovoid intracavitary brachytherapy of the uterine cervix.

Abstract Purpose To ascertain the potential for dose reduction to bladder and rectal points by using intravaginal Foley balloon catheters as a mechanism for structural displacement during tandem and ovoid high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy of the uterine cervix. Methods and materials In 22 patients, two Foley balloons were placed intravaginally, with one balloon placed anterior to the tandem and one posterior, as close to the flange as patient geometry allowed. A series of 57 consecutive digitized treatment plans was assessed with and without liquid contrast inflation of Foley catheter balloons. Planning X-rays were acquired and digitized. Software calculated dose was then defined for two bladder and two rectal points, both with and without Foley balloon inflation. Results were then assessed using parametric statistical analysis. Results Collectively and between equivalent points, a statistically significant ( p ≤ 0.01) diminution in calculated dose was observed with inflation of intracavitary balloon catheters, with a mean reduction in calculated dose of 16% and 17.6% for bladder and rectal points, respectively. Conclusion The potential advantages available from dose reduction using intracavitary balloon catheters include decreased high-dose-rate–induced organ toxicity, case-by-case customizability, and low cost of implementation. As such, further exploration of this technique is warranted.
Optical phase conjugate studies of organic dyes doped in a boric acid host

Nonlinear optical studies of Dichlorofluorescein, Arcridine Yellow, 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran, Rhodamine 110, and Pyridine-1 dyes doped in a boric acid host have been studied at Ar+ laser wavelengths. Excited-state absorption was demonstrated directly by use of the pump–probe technique. Ground- and excited-state absorption cross sections and saturation intensities, phase-conjugate reflectivities, grating formation, and decay times were measured for all dyes. Phase-conjugate signals of Pyridine-1 exhibited oscillatory behavior in time, which was found to be due to heat produced during the nonradiative relaxation of the excited molecules. Third-order susceptibilities were also estimated for the dye-doped samples from the saturation measurements. The parameters derived from the saturation data are used to predict phase-conjugate reflectivities and are compared with the measurements.
Decay pathway and high-temperature luminescence of Eu3+ in Ca2Gd8Si6O26

Abstract The temperature-dependent luminescence of Eu:Ca 2 Gd 8 Si 6 O 26 and its decay pathways are investigated in order to assess the utility of the material as a thermometric phosphor. Non-radiative decays are found to compete with radiative processes even at room temperature. A decay pathway involving decay through charge-transfer states is proposed based on the decay profiles of emissions from 5 D 1 and 5 D 0 levels and on the temperature sensitivity of the spectra as observed after excitation by several wavelengths. The implications of this on solid-state lighting are also discussed.
Rolling horizon based planning and scheduling integration with production capacity consideration

The rolling horizon method has been proposed to address the integrated production planning and scheduling optimization problem. Since the method can generally result in small-scale optimization model and fast solution, it has been used in a number of applications in realistic industrial planning and scheduling problems. In this paper, it is first pointed out that the incorporation of valid production capacity information into the planning model can improve the solution quality in the rolling horizon solution framework. A novel method is then proposed to derive the production capacity information representing the detail scheduling model based on parametric programming technique. A heuristic process network decomposition strategy is further applied to reduce the computational effort needed for larger and more complex process networks. Several case studies have been studied, which illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology in improving the solution quality of rolling horizon method for integrated planning and scheduling optimization.
The reliability of an instrument for identifying and quantifying surgeons' teaching in the operating room.

Abstract Background: The operating room is an important teaching venue where surgical residents develop their operative skills and clinical judgement. The purpose of this study was to establish reliability for an observation instrument designed to quantify surgeons’ teaching behaviors in the operating room. Methods: An instrument was developed to identify operating room teaching behaviors in four categories: informing, questioning, responding, and setting tone. Two trained observers coded videotaped operations. Cronbach’s alpha was used to estimate the instrument’s internal consistency, and criterion-related reliability was established through an interobserver agreement level (IOA). Results: Results for each of the teaching behavior categories were as follows: informing (IOA = 86%, alpha = +0.978); questioning (IOA = 97%, alpha = +0.966); responding (IOA = 93%, alpha = +0.97); setting tone (IOA = 97%, alpha = +0.882). Conclusions: This instrument is reliable in identifying and quantifying surgeons’ teaching behaviors in the operating room. Identifying teaching behaviors will be valuable to describing and enhancing teaching in the operating room.
Guinea Pig Model for Cutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Previous animal models for cutaneous herpes simplex infections have been unsatisfactory because of atypical zosteriform progression of lesions and high animal mortality rates. By using a vaccination technique we have been able to produce lesions in guinea pigs which closely mimic human herpes simplex infection.
Performance of coiled tube ultraviolet reactors to inactivate Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus endospores in raw cow milk and commercially processed skimmed cow milk

Abstract Two coiled tube reactors were designed to investigate the influence of Reynolds number ( R e ) and diameter of fluid carrying tube on UV-C inactivation of Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus endospores in raw cow milk (RCM) and skimmed cow milk (SCM) at room temperature. UV reactors were constructed using perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) tubing having internal diameters of 1.6 and 3.2 mm and each had a residence time of 11.3 s. Four levels of R e were tested for each milk type, each tube size and each bacteria type. Inactivation efficiency increased as the R e increased in both the reactors for both types of milk. The inactivation of both bacteria was higher in the 1.6 mm UV reactor than the 3.2 mm UV reactor. Maximum reduction of 7.8 log 10 CFU/ml of E. coli was achieved in SCM in the 1.6 mm UV reactor corresponding to the R e of 532 and higher, whereas the maximum reduction of E. coli in RCM was 4.1 log 10 CFU/ml at the highest level of R e (713) tested. For B. cereus , the maximum reduction was 2.72 log 10 CFU/ml in 1.6 UV reactor, in SCM at R e of 1024; whereas the maximum reduction of B. cereus in RCM was 2.65 log 10 CFU/ml at R e value of 713. Inactivation efficiency of both bacteria was more in SCM than RCM. The coiled tube reactor design provided adequate mixing and UV-C dosage for efficient disinfection of E. coli cells in milk.
Interstrand psoralen cross-links do not introduce appreciable bends in DNA

Analysis of the X-ray crystallographic structure of an 8-methoxypsoralen-thymine monoadduct has led to the suggestion that psoralen cross-links would bend DNA by as much as 70 degrees [Peckler, S., Graves, B., Kanne, D., Rapoport, H., Hearst, J. E., & Kim, S.-H. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 162, 157-172]. DNA can exist in a stably bent configuration in solution as recently demonstrated from analysis of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and differential decay of birefringence. Using these techniques, we have investigated the structure of DNA cross-linked with 8-methoxypsoralen and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen. The results are not consistent with cross-links introducing any appreciable stable bend in double-stranded DNA molecules. Results suggest that photobound 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen molecules lengthen DNA by the equivalent of about one base pair per photobound adduct. We have also determined that 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen cross-links are introduced preferentially into 5'-TA compared to 5'-AT DNA sequences.
Induction of secretory pathway components in yeast is associated with increased stability of their mRNA

The overexpression of certain membrane proteins is accompanied by a striking proliferation of intracellular membranes. One of the best characterized inducers of membrane proliferation is the 180-kD mammalian ribosome receptor (p180), whose expression in yeast results in increases in levels of mRNAs encoding proteins that function in the secretory pathway, and an elevation in the cell's ability to secrete proteins. In this study we demonstrate that neither the unfolded protein response nor increased transcription accounts for membrane proliferation or the observed increase in secretory pathway mRNAs. Rather, p180-induced up-regulation of certain secretory pathway transcripts is due to a p180-mediated increase in the longevity of these mRNA species, as determined by measurements of transcriptional activity and specific mRNA turnover. Moreover, we show that the longevity of mRNA in general is substantially promoted through the process of its targeting to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. With respect to the terminal differentiation of secretory tissues, results from this model system provide insights into how the expression of a single protein, p180, could result in substantial morphological and functional changes.
Use of Portable Digital Media Players Increases Patient Motivation and Practice in Voice Therapy

Summary Objectives/Hypotheses There are many documented barriers to successful adherence to voice therapy. However, methods for facilitating adherence are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if patient adherence and motivation for practice could be improved by providing patients with practice support between sessions using mobile treatment videos. Methods Thirteen voice therapy participants were provided with portable media players containing videos of voice exercises exemplified by their therapists and themselves. A randomized crossover design of two conditions was used: (1) standard of care voice therapy where participants were provided with written homework descriptions; and (2) video-enhanced voice therapy where participants received a portable digital media player with clinician and self-videos. The duration of each condition was 1 week. Self-report measures of practice frequency and aspects of motivation were obtained at the end of each session. Results Practice of voice exercises was significantly greater in the video-enhanced voice therapy condition than in the standard of care "written" condition ( P Conclusion These results support the use of video examples and portable digital media players in voice therapy for individuals who are comfortable using such technology.
Low noise characteristics of V-channeled substrate inner stripe laser in single-longitudinal-mode operation

Stabilization of the single-longitudinal mode of the V-channeled substrate inner stripe (VSIS) laser is attained by coating multidielectric films with high reflectivity on both facets. VSIS lasers with high-reflectivity mirrors are confirmed to have stable spectral characteristics and low noise characteristics. Consequently, in these lasers, the ratio of the lasing mode to the strongest nonlasing mode intensity is ~1250:1, and mode competition noise is suppressed at a temperature of more than 75°C; feedback-induced noise is also repressed up to 0.5% feedback at 3-mW constant output power by automatic power control. A SNR of 110 dB is attained at 1 MHz with 10-kHz bandwidth.
Fatigue Life Prediction of Composite Laminate

Abstract. based on the accumulating fatigue damage model, with single ply plate theory and experiment data as the foundation, consider the interaction between adjacent layer and material degradation, a kind of fatigue life prediction method of fiber reinforced composite laminates is developed. The stiffness decline of each ply during cyclic loading is determined by the fatigue damage variable and the load amplitude and the fatigue life of any laminates can be predicted using the fatigue properties of single ply plate. Using this method a 3D Finite element model is established by ABAQUS software and the fatigue life and the fatigue damage evolution of a T300 / QY8911 laminats are analyzed, the results are more closer to the experimental results.
Factors affecting virtual team performance in telecommunication support environment

Over the past two decades, many organizations have been taking advantage of globalization, outsourcing, and communication technology advances to enter new markets and compete wherever and whenever possible (Copeland, 2006). Telecommunication companies are among those companies that strive most to expand their customer base globally. Telecommunication industry is expected to grow on a worldwide basis to $2.7 trillion in 2017 (RCR Wireless, 2012). This global growth necessitates comparable expansion of support teams to service an expanded and distributed global customer base. Support function in the telecommunication industry has unique provisions and complex activities associated with troubleshooting customers' networks. According to Williamson et al. (2004), troubleshooting customers' networks involves complex activities such as making real-time traffic affecting decisions. Hence, identifying challenges that may face leaders in such complex and fast growing industry and factors that may influence the performance of support teams is critical. In addition, understanding the role and influence of leaders in virtual settings can help organizations in allocating resources and sorting teams' priorities. In this study, we investigated factors that affect virtual team performance; factors considered include communication tools, cohesion and collaboration, leadership, trust, the location of team members and team size. One-hundred-twenty professionals in high-technology telecommunication industry participated in a survey to reveal the importance of how factors affecting virtual team performance. The findings indicated that support professionals perceived reliable communication tools and cohesion among team members as more significant performance factors than leadership.
a-Si:H, to or from a-Si, Ge:H, F graded-bandgap structures

The optoelectronic properties of graded-bandgap a-Si:H, F to or from a-Si, Ge:H, F semiconductor structures were studied by the time-of-flight technique and by the voltage-bias dependence of the photocurrent. The mobility-lifetime ( mu tau ) products for both electrons and holes depend strongly on the compositional grading. Values of mu tau that are higher than in bulk alloys with the same effective optical bandgap can be obtained. With graded-gap amorphous structures, the electron and hole transport properties can be tuned independently. >
pH Dependence of magnesium ion binding to prothrombin fragment 1 and γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptides via 25MG NMR

Abstract The binding of magnesium ions to two tripeptides, L -Arg- D -Gla- D -Gla-OMe and Z- L -Arg(NO2)- D -Gla- D -Gla-OMe, and to bovine prothrombin fragment 1 as a function of pH has been monitored by 25Mg NMR spectroscopy. Binding to the tripeptide was dependent on peptide ionizations occurring at pH 4.6 – 4.8. The pH dependence of magnesium ion binding to fragment 1 reveals two inflection points 4.2 may be attributed to the deprotonation of the third side chain carboxylic acid group of the double γ-carboxyglutamic acid sequence. The origin of the increased binding of magnesium ions to fragment 1 at pH values above 7 is unknown.
3D video compression with the H.264 codec

Advances in 3D scanning have enabled the real-time capture of high-resolution 3D video. With these advances comes the challenge of streaming and storing this 3D video in a manner that can be quickly and effectively used. To do this, different approaches have been taken, a popular one being image based encoding, which projects from 3D into 2D, uses 2D compression techniques, and then decodes from 2D back to 3D. One such technique that does this is the Holovideo technique, which has been shown to yield great compression ratios. However, the technique was originally designed for the RGB color space and until recently could not be used with codecs that use the YUV color space such as the H.264 codec. This paper addresses this issue, generalizing Holovideo to the YUV color space, allowing it to leverage the H.264 codec. Compression ratios of over 352 : 1 have been achieved when comparing it to the OBJ file format, with mean squared error as low as .204% making it a viable solution for 3D video compression.
Carrier tracking and tunable passband filters for TDM-LDV mine detection

Using laser Doppler vibrometers (LDVs) to find buried land mines has been shown to have a high probability of detection coupled with a low probability of false alarms. Equally good results have been achieved using a 16-beam LDV. Time division multiplexing (TDM) of this multiple-beam LDV has also been investigated as a means of increasing the scanning speed and potentially allowing the sensor to move down the road at speeds faster than that allowed using stop-and-stare LDVs. A moving platform induces Doppler shifts in the LDV beams that are not perpendicular to the motion vector. This shift can be much greater than the modulation bandwidth of a stationary LDV signal; therefore, the demodulation must allow for the shift either by increasing the processing bandwidth, which increases the system noise or by tracking the Doppler offset and adjusting a band pass filter's center frequency. A method has been developed to track the carrier frequency to compensate for the Doppler offset for each of the 16 channels caused by the moving platform and then adjusting the center frequency of a digital band pass filter. This paper will present the basic filter structure and compare the noise statistics from two different carrier tracking methods that were investigated.
Electronic Band Structure and Related Properties of Cubic A1P

A first-principles self-consistent orthogonalized-plane-wave energy-band calculation has been carried out for cubic AlP using a nonrelativistic formalism and Slater's free-electron-exchange approximation. These are the first fully convergent, fully self-consistent energy-band solutions reported for AlP. The imaginary part of the dielectric constant, spin-orbit splitting, effective masses at $k=0$, and the x-ray form factors (Fourier transforms of the electron charge density) have been calculated. Since little is known experimentally about AlP, no comprehensive comparison can be made with experimental data.
Jealousy in the Cross-Sex Friendship

ABSTRACT This article concerns jealousy in a monogamous heterosexual relationship. Traditional interpersonal research often uses interviews and surveys to understand and interpret how jealousy affects the connections between individuals. I use narrative to help explicate the process of jealousy, responses to jealousy, and how a relationship survives it. Rather than establish delimiting clear-cut terms and definitions, my story shows the adversarial and conflicting interactions between a couple when one is jealous and the other is accused of having a romantic relationship with his opposite-sex friend.
Photobleaching in a g-Ge0.27Sn0.03Se0.7 thin film

Photobleaching was observed by optical transmission measurements performed using constant 655 nm (sub-band gap) illumination of a g-Ge0.27Sn0.03Se0.7 thin (<2 μm) film sample deposited by thermal evaporation of bulk starting materials on silica. The threshold power density for destroying the film was 2.7 kW cm−2 for a film thickness of 1.75 μm. The effective thermal conductivity was calculated and the temperature increase in the illuminated spots was estimated. A little below the destruction threshold photobleaching may be attributed to band gap increase with thermal annealing. But photobleaching is also observed at low power densities inducing spot temperatures well below the glass transition. No noticeable crystallization of the bleached film region was observed either optically or by X-ray diffraction.
Blunt-Nosed Bodies in a High-Temperature Gas Jet

RECENTLY, the heating of nose cones on re-entry vehicles has become a challenging technical problem. To provide thermal protection of an object in the core of the nose cone for short duration, two major kinds of shielding materials may be used, namely, metals and plastics. The former is favourable for a heat sink while the latter is favourable for ablation cooling. To demonstrate these features, some simple experiments were performed using a variety of those common materials. The materials were machined into ½-in. diameter hemispheres. A thermocouple (Fig. 1A) was attached to the centre of the base of the hemispheric sample (B) next to a boron nitride insulator (C). The whole assembly was mounted on an arm (D) and swung into a jet of argon 3/16 in. in diameter emitted from a plasma generator (E). The velocity of the jet impinging on the testing sample was subsonic. The temperature of the jet, T f, as estimated from ref. 1, was approximately 15,500° R. The measured temperature of the thermocouple, T 0, increased with time, t, and was recorded on a Sanborn strip-chart recorder. Figs. 2 and 3 show these results respectively for metal and plastic samples. For convenience, both T 0 and the non-dimensional temperature, θ0 = T f − T 0/T f − T i, are used for the ordinate and t is chosen for the abscissa in the figures (here T i is the room temperature).
Proceedings of the cardiac PET summit meeting 12 may 2014: Cardiac PET and SPECT instrumentation

Advances in PET and SPECT and imaging hardware and software are vastly improving the noninvasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion and function. PET perfusion imaging has benefitted from the introduction of novel detectors that now allow true 3D imaging, and precise attenuation correction (AC). These developments have also resulted in perfusion images with higher spatial and contrast resolution that may be acquired in shorter protocols and/or with less patient radiation exposure than traditional PET or SPECT studies. Hybrid PET/CT cameras utilize transmission computed tomographic (CT) scans for AC, and offer the additional clinical advantages of evaluating coronary calcium and myocardial anatomy but at a higher cost than PET scanners that use (68)Ge radioactive line sources. As cardiac PET systems continue to improve, dedicated cardiac SPECT systems are also undergoing a profound change in their design. The scintillation camera general purpose design is being replaced with systems with multiple detectors focused on the heart yielding 5 to 10 times the sensitivity of conventional SPECT. As a result, shorter acquisition times and/or lower tracer doses produce higher quality SPECT images than were possible before. This article reviews these concepts and compares the attributes of PET and SPECT instrumentation.
Metamodel Defined Multidimensional Embedded Sequential Sampling Criteria

Collecting data to characterize an unknown space presents a series of challenges. Where in the space should data be collected? What regions are more valuable than others to sample? When have sufficient samples been acquired to characterize the space with some level of confidence? Sequential sampling techniques offer an approach to answering these questions by intelligently sampling an unknown space. Sampling decisions are made with criteria intended to preferentially search the space for desirable features. However, N-dimensional applications need efficient and effective criteria. This paper discusses the evolution of several such criteria based on an understanding of the behaviors of existing criteria, and desired criteria properties. The resulting criteria are evaluated with a variety of planar functions, and preliminary results for higher dimensional applications are also presented. In addition, a set of convergence criteria, intended to evaluate the effectiveness of further sampling are implemented. Using these sampling criteria, an effective metamodel representation of the unknown space can be generated at reasonable sampling costs. Furthermore, the use of convergence criteria allows conclusions to be drawn about the level of confidence in the metamodel, and forms the basis for evaluating the adequacy of the original sampling budget.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Inhibiting 5α-reductase in the amygdala attenuates antianxiety and antidepressive behavior of naturally receptive and hormone-primed ovariectomized rats

Greater incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders of women compared to men may be due in part to progesterone (P) and its neuroactive metabolite, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP), acting in limbic regions, such as the amygdala. If P's metabolism via 5α-reduction to 3α,5α-THP in the amygdala is critical for antianxiety and antidepressive behavior, then blocking 5α-reductase in the amygdala of female rats is likely to attenuate the antianxiety and antidepressive effects of high progestin levels from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Naturally receptive female rats with high endogenous estrogen (E2) and P and ovariectomized (ovx) rats administered E2 (10 μg) and P (500 μg) subcutaneously were administered finasteride (10 μg/μl), a Type II 5α-reductase inhibitor, or vehicle to the amygdala. Anxiety behavior (open field, elevated plus maze, defensive freezing) and depressive behavior (Porsolt forced swim test) were assessed. There were similar effects of finasteride administration to the amygdala to attenuate antianxiety behavior in naturally receptive and ovx, hormone-primed rats. Finasteride administration significantly decreased central entries in the open field, decreased open arm time in the elevated plus maze, increased defensive freezing in response to footshock, and increased time spent immobile compared to vehicle. Thus, formation and subsequent actions of 3α,5α-THP in the amygdala may be important for antianxiety and antidepressive effects.
Friedel Phase-Shift Sum Rule for Semiconductors

The Friedel sum rule relating the phase shifts for scattering by an ion to the charge of the ion is extended to apply to semiconductors by taking nondegenerate statistics and the presence of several types of carriers into account. When the first Born approximation is valid, the phase shifts for the customary screened Coulomb potential obey the sum rule.
Recombinant microtubule-associated protein 2c reduces the dynamic instability of individual microtubules.

The effects of purified recombinant microtubule-associated protein 2c (rMAP2c) on the dynamic instability of microtubules were examined by direct observation of individual microtubules in vitro by video-enhanced differential interference contrast light microscopy. Microtubules were grown in the absence or presence of varying concentrations of rMAP2c and were analyzed to determine growth rates, shortening rates, and the frequencies of conversion between growing and shortening phases. We found rMAP2c to stabilize microtubules dramatically. The most notable effect is a reduction in both the frequency of catastrophes (transitions from growth to shortening) and the mean length of shortening events: no microtubule catastrophes were observed at concentrations of rMAP2c as low as 1.06 μM in a solution of 10 μM tubulin. Even at lower rMAP2c concentrations, there is a marked stabilizing effect. As the concentration of rMAP2c increases, average growth rates increase slightly, shortening rates decrease, and the freq...
Quasi-experimental designs

Abstract Quasi-experimental designs are sometimes necessary when social programs are evaluated. Under certain conditions they are preferable to experimental designs with random assignment to treatment and control groups. This article examines the situations in which experimental evaluation designs may be inappropriate. When faced with these limiting conditions, analysts can choose a number of approaches which will strengthen the rigor of their quasi-experimental designs.
Latent semantic indexing (LSI) fails for TREC collections

The aim of latent semantic indexing (LSI) is to uncover the relationships between terms, hidden concepts, and documents. LSI uses the matrix factorization technique known as singular value decomposition (SVD). In this paper, we apply LSI to standard benchmark collections. We find that LSI yields poor retrieval accuracy on the TREC 2, 7, 8, and 2004 collections. We believe that the negative result is robust, because we try more LSI variants than any previous work. First, we show that using Okapi BM25 weights for terms in documents improves the performance of LSI. Second, we derive novel scoring methods that implement the ideas of query expansion and score regularization in the LSI framework. Third, we show how to combine the BM25 method with LSI methods. All proposed methods are evaluated experimentally on the four TREC collections mentioned above. The experiments show that the new variants of LSI improve upon previous LSI methods. Nevertheless, no way of using LSI achieves a worthwhile improvement in retrieval accuracy over BM25.
Outcomes of renal replacement therapy among blacks and women

The outcomes of renal replacement therapy differ dramatically by race and gender. Compared with white patients, black patients have poorer outcomes in five clinical parameters (anemia, hypertension, vascular access, adequacy of dialysis, compliance), employment, and access to transplantation. Compared with males, females have poorer outcomes in hospitalization, three clinical parameters (anemia, vascular access, nutrition), quality of life, and access to transplantation. Despite several poorer intermediate outcomes, blacks and women do better than whites and men in survival. Eliminating racial and gender differences in outcomes of renal replacement therapy requires that we (1) become aware of such differences, (2) determine barriers to optimal outcomes, and (3) develop interventions to overcome these barriers. This approach can lead to improved outcomes not just among blacks and women but among all renal patients. Examining racial and gender differences can also lead to an increased understanding of renal disease.
Attitudes and Motivation of Poor and Good Spellers: Broadening Planned Behavior Theory

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to broaden planned behavior theory and examine its applicability to predict the academic achievement of students of low and high spelling ability. Two hundred fifty seven students, 54 low spellers and 203 high spellers from thirty elementary schools in northern Greece, participated in the study. Between groups comparisons pointed out differences in attitudes and motivation: low spellers had significantly lower “goal importance,” “intent to achieve,” “belief strength,” “outcome evaluation,” “motivation to comply,” and, language and mathematics achievement. A simultaneous evaluation of the contribution of goal importance as an antecedent of attitudes, intentions, and normative beliefs was supported using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). However, differential—between group—construct relations suggested the presence of different regulatory systems.
A Study of the Wavenumber Spectra of Short Water Waves in the Ocean

Abstract Spatial measurements of capillary-gravity waves in the ocean were obtained using a scanning slope sensor mounted on a free-drifting buoy intended to minimize the flow disturbance. The data provide direct calculation of the wavenumber spectra of surface curvature in the capillary-gravity wave range. The results indicate that 1) a pronounced peak at the wavenumber k = 9 rad cm−1 is evident in the curvature spectra for wind speeds below 6 m s−1; 2) the slopes of the curvature spectra are 1 and −1 on the two sides of the spectral peak, 3) the spectral density and mean-square roughness properties increase linearly with wind speed; and 4) these observations suggest a spectral function of the form χ(k) = Au*c−2cmkmk−4, which is proportional to u*k−3 in the short gravity wave region and u*k−5 in the capillary wave region, where u* is the wind friction velocity, cm the minimum phase velocity of surface waves, and km the corresponding wavenumber. Capillary-gravity wave wavenumber spectra obtained from the ...
Growth regulatory proteins that repress differentiation markers in melanocytes also downregulate the transcription factor microphthalmia.

Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor cDNA or dominantly acting oncogenes, e.g., E1A, in immortalized mouse melanocytes leads to autonomous growth in vitro, depigmentation, and in the case of the oncogenes, tumorigenesis. Because downregulation of pigmentation is a common event in human metastatic melanoma cells grown in culture, we determined the molecular basis of depigmentation in a mouse melanocyte model system. We tested the effect of E1A mutants deficient in their ability to neutralize several regulatory proteins and determined changes in melanogenic gene expression. We identified Microphthalmia as the affected, downregulated transcription factor in melanocytes rendered amelanotic by E1A, basic fibroblast growth factor, or the oncogenes ras or neu, and in an amelanotic cell variant of Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma. Against expectations, sequestration of p300, a transcriptional adaptor that mediates responses to cyclic adenosine monophosphate, was not required for the full transforming effects of E1A. Our results suggest that in addition to controlling tyrosinase (albino locus) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1/gp75/brown locus), both known to possess the DNA consensus site for binding the Microphthalmia protein, this transcription factor also controls other melanocyte-specific genes such as pink-eyed dilution and Pmel 17 (silver), but not tyrosinase-related protein 2 (slaty locus). Furthermore, these findings show that microphthalmia is downregulated not only by experimentally introduced dominantly acting oncogenes but also by the aberrant expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and by spontaneous tumorigenic transformation.
Visual interrogation of gyrokinetic particle simulations

Gyrokinetic particle simulations are critical to the study of anomalous energy transport associated with plasma microturbulence in magnetic confinement fusion experiments. The simulations are conducted on massively parallel computers and produce large quantities of particles, variables, and time steps, thus presenting a formidable challenge to data analysis tasks. We present two new visualization techniques for scientists to improve their understanding of the time-varying, multivariate particle data. One technique allows scientists to examine correlations in multivariate particle data with tightly coupled views of the data in both physical space and variable space, and to visually identify and track features of interest. The second technique, built into SCIRun, allows scientists to perform range-based queries over a series of time slices and visualize the resulting particles using glyphs. The ability to navigate the multiple dimensions of the particle data, as well as query individual or a collection of particles, enables scientists to not only validate their simulations but also discover new phenomena in their data.