cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aromatase inhibition for refractory endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain.

Objective To evaluate the use of an aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Academic medical center outpatient reproductive endocrinology clinic. Patient(s) Sixteen patients with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain who previously failed conventional medical and/or surgical therapy. Intervention(s) Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (2.5 mg/d) plus a gonadotropin suppressor (norethindrone acetate, 2.5 mg/d, or a combination oral contraceptive [OC]) for an average of 6 months. Main Outcome Measure(s) Pain scores were reported at each visit using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10 (0: no pain, 10: maximum pain). Result(s) Sixteen patients were treated with an aromatase inhibitor for 180 ± 31days. The median pain score at the start of therapy was 7, and at the end of therapy it was 1.5. In the nine patients who were evaluated after discontinuing therapy, pain scores returned to pretreatment levels. We did not find any correlation between the length of treatment and the overall improvement in pain score. Conclusion(s) Letrozole plus a gonadotropin suppressor substantially improved pain symptoms in patients with endometriosis refractory to conventional therapies; however, pain recurred after treatment was completed.
Principles of Germplasm Comparisons

Abstract Design of germplasm comparisons depends on the hypothesis to be tested. Most important hypotheses concern the future environment for production and marketing. 1) Will the best bulls in an exotic breed improve a local breed?; 2) Is it efficient to upgrade a local breed with bulls from a related exotic breed that has a large, effective program of genetic improvement? 3) Is it efficient to replace a local breed with an exotic one? 4) Can continual crossbreeding with an exotic breed be the most efficient improvement program? Proper answers depend on obtaining information on all important inputs and outputs of exotic and local breeds as well as expected future genetic trends in each. Evidence suggests that multiple lactations are necessary to measure adequately lifetime economic merit. It is crucial that experiments give answers that reflect the relative values of local and exotic breeds at the time the experiment is completed rather than the differences that existed at time animals were selected.
Fractal flux jumps in an organic superconducting crystal

Abstract Angle dependant torque magnetization measurements have been carried out on the organic superconductor, κ -(ET) 2 Cu(NCS) 2 at extremely low temperatures (25–300 mK). Magneto-thermal instabilities are observed in the form of abrupt magnetization (flux) jumps for magnetic field sweeps of 0–20 T. A fractal analysis of the flux jumps indicate that the instabilities do show a self similar structure with a fractal dimension of varying between 1.15 and 1.6. The fractal structure of the flux jumps in our sample shows a striking similarity to that of MgB 2 thin film samples, in which magneto-optical experiments have recently shown that the small flux jumps are due to the formation of dendritic flux structures. These smaller instabilities act to suppress the critical current density of the thin films. The similarity of the flux jump structure of our samples suggests that we may also observing the dendritic instability, but in a bulk sample rather than a thin film. If true, this is the first observation of the dendritic instability in a bulk superconducting sample, and is likely due to the layered nature of κ -(ET) 2 Cu(NCS) 2 , which results in a quasi-two dimensional flux structure over the majority it's mixed state phase diagram.
Age-related alterations in sensitivity of muscarinic and serotonergic responses of guinea pig trachea to removal of extracellular Ca2+.

Abstract Contractile responses to carbamylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca 2+ were compared in tracheal rings from 3–4-week-old and 7–8-week-old guinea pigs. Contraction to carbamylcholine and 5-HT did not differ in potency or maximal response between age groups in the presence of extracellular Ca 2+ . However, removal of extracellular Ca 2+ inhibited maximal contraction mediated by both agonists to a greater extent in younger versus older guinea pigs. These data suggest that carbamylcholine- and 5-HT-induced contraction of guinea pig trachea from younger animals is more dependent on extracellular Ca 2+ as compared to mature animals, and may be related to an age-dependent maturation of sarcoplasmic reticulum function in smooth muscle.
Mobility of SDOSS Powered by Ionic Interactions in Sty/n-BA/MAA Core−Shell Latex Films. 21. A Spectroscopic Study†

While molecular level interactions between sulfonate groups of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (SDOSS) and COOH groups in styrene/n-butyl acrylate/methacrylate acid (Sty/n-BA/MAA) copolymer particles have been the subject of our earlier studies, the main focus of this work is to establish how MAA groups affixed to polymer latex particle surfaces will affect SDOSS mobility in Sty/n-BA/MAA latex films. The ultimate objective is to develop a series of model systems simulating the degree of neutralization of polymer surfaces and how it may alter polymer contractions and release of entropically attached molecules to interfacial regions. These studies show that the release of SDOSS molecules from MAA containing Sty/n-BA particles is attributed to two factors: (1) entropic effect due to increased compatibility resulting from surfactant penetration into latex particle surfaces and (2) enhanced particle out-layer glass transition temperature (Tg). The SDOSS release is inhibited when surface neutralization levels are...
Improved prediction of proximal femoral fracture load using nonlinear finite element models

Hip fracture, which is often due to osteoporosis or other conditions affecting bone strength, can lead to permanent disability, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and/or death. Great effort has been directed toward developing noninvasive methods for evaluating proximal femoral strength (fracture load), with the goal of assessing fracture risk. Previously, computed tomographic scan-based, linear finite element (FE) models were used to estimate proximal femoral fracture loads ex vivo in two load configurations, one approximating joint loading during single-limb stance and the other simulating impact from a fall. Measured and computed fracture loads were correlated (stance, r=0.867; fall, r=0.949). However, precision for the stance configuration was insufficient to identify subjects with below average fracture loads reliably. The present study examined whether, for this configuration, nonlinear FE models could be used to identify these subjects. These models were found to predict fracture load within +/-2.0 kN (r=0.962). This level of precision is sufficient to identify 97.5% of femora with fracture loads 1.3 standard deviations below the mean as having below average fracture loads. Accordingly, 20% of subjects with below average fracture loads, i.e. those with the lowest fracture loads and likely to be at greatest risk of fracture, would be correctly identified with at least 97.5% reliability. This FE modeling method will be a powerful tool for studies of hip fracture.
A geometrically non-linear theory for laminated anisotropic thin-walled beams

Abstract A non-linear theory of composite thin-walled beams accounting for finite displacements and arbitrarily large twist angles is presented. The theory is valid for beams of arbitrary open and closed cross-sections and accounts for various non-classical effects like anistropy, transverse shear deformation and constrained warping. The present non-linear formulation enables one to study the static and dynamic stability of beams composed of composite materials systematically with due consideration of all non-classical influences. It is shown that certain other technologically important studies can also be carried out using this theory.
Career Assessment in a Culturally Diverse Society

This paper discusses how a culture-sensitive assessment can be conducted to prepare clients for career counseling. The approach presented is developmental in nature. It considers cognitive and affective variables to arrive at a clear understanding of the client's cultural and gender identity. It is recommended that this assessment be completed first, before the client's interests, abilities, and aptitudes are evaluated to outline possible career directions.
Differential Impact of β and γ Residue Preorganization on α/β/γ-Peptide Helix Stability in Water

Cyclic constraints have proven to be very effective for preorganizing β-amino acid residues and thereby stabilizing β- and α/β-peptide helices, but little is known about possible preorganization effects among γ residues. Here we assess and compare the impact of cyclic preorganization of β and γ residues in the context of a specific α/β/γ-peptide helix. The results show that β residue preorganization is critical for helix stability but that γ residue preorganization is less important.
765-3 Superoxide Dismutase Reduces Superoxide Anion Levels in Balloon-injured Porcine Coronary Arteries

Superoxide anion (O2–), a moiety that rapidly inactivates nitric oxide, is present in elevated concentrations in the vessel wall following balloon vascular injury. Recent data suggest that O2– is involved in the abnormal endothelium-dependent vasomotor responses of the regenerated endothelium. To investigate the hypothesis that polyethyleneglycol superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) can effectively scavenge O2– in the vessel wall, ten pigs were subjected to balloon injury of the left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary artery, then maintained on normal lab diets for 28 days. On day 29 five pigs (RX group) began receiving daily intravenous infusions of PEGSOD (12,000 U/kg day 1, then 6,000 U/kg days 2–5) while five pigs received no PEG-SOD therapy (NO RX group). All animals were sacrificed on day33. O2–generation was assessed by lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence in segments of injured and uninjured coronary arteries. Uninjured/NO RX segments (n = 7) and uninjured/RX segments (n = 7) had similar O2– levels (2728 ± 457 and 3540 ± 543 counts per minute/mg tissue dry weight, respectively, p = NS). Injured/NO RX segments (n = 5) had significantly elevated O2– production (7040 ± 1608 cpm/mg, p l 0.05 vs baseline). PEG-SOD therapy in injured/ RX segments (n = 7) dramatically restored O2– levels to normal (3167 ± 681 cpm/mg, p = NS vs uninjured, p l 0.05 vs injured/NO AX). Thus. PEG-SOD therapy effectively reduces O2– levels in the vessel wall following balloon injury. Prevention of nitric oxide degradation via this mechanism may have important implications for modulation of coronary vascular tone following balloon injury.
The problem of hyperparamodulation and nuclei

This article is the thirty-third of a series of articles discussing various open research problems in automated reasoning. The problem for research asks one to establish criteria for allowing certain — but not all — new clauses to become nuclei when using the inference rule hyperparamodulation or hyperresolution.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-immunoreactive sensory neurons innervate rat adrenal medulla

Rat adrenal chromaffin cells were invested by a dense network of nerve fibers immunoreactive to pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-IR). Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of PACAP-IR in nodose and dorsal root ganglion cells, but not in neurons of the intermediolateral cell column and other autonomic nuclei of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord. Somata of the T7 to T12 paravertebral ganglia were PACAP-negative. A few lightly labeled neurons were occasionally noted in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Injection of the retrograde tracer Fluorogold into the left adrenal medulla 3 days prior to sacrifice resulted in the labeling of a population of neurons in the ipsilateral spinal cord intermediolateral cell column (T1 to L1), ipsilateral and contralateral nodose ganglia and ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia from T7 to T10 inclusive. A small number of lightly labeled somata was occasionally noted in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Combined retrograde tracing and PACAP immunohistochemistry showed that a population of Fluorogold-containing nodose and dorsal root ganglion cells were also PACAP-positive. Pre-treatment of the rats with capsaicin caused a marked reduction of the PACAP-IR in the adrenal gland as well as in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn and caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus. These findings, in conjunction with the apparent absence of PACAP-IR in spinal sympathetic preganglionic neurons, sympathetic postganglionic neurons, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, raise the possibility that PACAP-IR fibers observed in the adrenal medulla are primarily sensory in origin. As a corollary, catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells may be modulated by the peptidergic sensory afferents in addition to the cholinergic sympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers.
Feline Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common causes of chronic vomiting and diarrhea in cats. A definitive diagnosis is made only by biopsy. This article presents an overview of differential diagnosis of IBD in cats. Treatment of this syndrome is reviewed in detail. A great majority of cats with IBD can be managed successfully. This can be best assured by establishing a definitive diagnosis relatively early in the course of the disease.
Both viral (adenovirus E1B) and cellular (hsp 70, p53) components interact with centrosomes

Human 293 cells, transformed by and expressing the early region of the adenovirus genome (i.e., E1A and E1B), contain a phase-dense cytoplasmic structure situated in close proximity to the nucleus. Via indirect immunofluorescence studies such structures have been previously shown to contain both the adenovirus E1B (55 kDa) protein as well as the tumor suppressor gene product p53. Here we show that such structures also stain positive for the cytoplasmic hsp 70 proteins. Such phase-dense structures containing hsp 70, p53, and adenovirus E1B are not unique to 293 cells but also are observed in rodent cell lines stabily transfected with the early region of the adenovirus genome. Using an antibody against a centrosomal protein, pericentrin, we show that these cytoplasmic phase-dense structures are in close proximity to the centrosome. Cell fractionation studies revealed such structures to be highly detergent insoluble. However, like the centrosome, the cytoplasmic phase-dense structures could be rendered detergent soluble following treatment of the cells with agents that disrupt the integrity of the cytoskeleton. While the phase-dense structures appear in close proximity to the centrosome in interphase cells, during mitosis the centrosome and the phase-dense bodies separate from one another. Owing to these observations we examined whether hsp70 and p53 might also co-localize with the centrosome in other cell types not expressing the adenovirus E1A/E1B proteins. We show that a portion of both hsp70 and p53 indeed are present within the centrosome in Hela, COS, and 3T3 cells. These observations raise the possibility that components like hsp70 and p53 may participate in the mechanism(s) controlling cell division in mammalian cells.
A mixed-integer nonlinear programming algorithm for process systems synthesis

The problem of synthesizing processing systems via simultaneous structural and parameter optimization is addressed in this paper. Based on a superstructure representation for embedding alternative configurations, a general mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) framework is presented for the synthesis problem. An efficient outer-approximation algorithm is described for the solution of the underlying optimization problem, which is characterized by linear binary variables and continuous variables that appear in nonlinear functions. The proposed algorithm is based on a bounding sequence that requires the analysis of few system configurations, and the solution of a master problem that identifies new candidate structures. Application of the proposed algorithm is illustrated with the optimal synthesis of gas pipelines.
Self-Regulation Empowerment Program: A School-Based Program to Enhance Self-Regulated and Self-Motivated Cycles of Student Learning.

This article describes a training program, Self-Regulation Empowerment Program (SREP), that school professionals can use to empower adolescent students to engage in more positive, selfmotivating cycles of learning. It is a two-part approach whereby self-regulated learning coaches (SRC) (a) use microanalytic assessment procedures to assess students’ self-regulation beliefs and study strategies and (b) train students to use these strategies in a cyclical, self-regulation feedback loop. Ultimately, students learn how to set goals, select and monitor strategy effectiveness, make strategic attributions, and adjust their goals and strategies. The program was developed from social-cognitive theory and research and integrates many of the essential features of the problem-solving model. Interventions used in the SREP include graphing, cognitive modeling, cognitive coaching, and structured practice sessions. A case study is presented to illustrate procedures for implementing the program. Implications for school psychologists and teachers also are presented and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A search for millimeter-wave emission from HCN, CO, and CH3CN in Comet Bradfield (1978c)☆

Abstract Millimeter wavelength emission from the “parent” molecules HCN, CO, and CH 3 CN, the latter in both its ground and ν 8 = 1 excited vibrational states, was sought from Comet Bradfield (1978c) during March 1978 after comet perihelion, when the heliocentric distance was between 0.45 and 0.55 AU. No lines were detected, and upper limits on the molecular column densities (averaged over the antenna beam) and production rates, Q are estimated. The upper limits on Q for HCN, CH 3 CN ( ν 8 = 0), and CH 3 CN ( ν 8 = 1) are less than the production rates inferred from the millimeter-wave detection of these species in Comet Kohoutek (1973f). The CO upper limit on Q is comparable to that inferred from a detection of Comet West (1975n) in the rocket uv. It seems likely that the total gas production rate of Comet Bradfield (1978c) was relatively low.
Solving 0/1 integer programs with enumeration cutting planes

A cutting plane technique with applicability to the solution of integer programs is presented. The computational value of this technique is demonstrated by applying it to a collection of seven difficult integer programs arising from real-world applications. Four of the seven problems are solved to optimality without the aid of branch and bound, and six of the seven problems have the gap between the value of the integer program and its linear programming relaxation closed by over 98%.
Out of sight, not out of mind: strategies for handling missing data.

Objective: To describe and illustrate missing data mechanisms (MCAR, MAR, NMAR) and missing data techniques (MDTs) and offer recommended best practices for addressing missingness. Method: We simulated data sets and employed ad hoc MDTs (deletion techniques, mean substitution) and sophisticated MDTs (full information maximum likelihood, Bayesian estimation, multiple imputation) in linear regression analyses. Results: MCAR data yielded unbiased parameter estimates across all MDTs, but loss of power with deletion methods. NMAR results were biased towards larger values and greater significance. Under MAR the sophisticated MDTs returned estimates closer to their original values. Conclusion: State-of-theart, readily available MDTs outperform ad hoc techniques.
Fast tropospheric delay predictions for antenna height diversity

Terrestrial microwave links sometimes suffer from signal fading which may be relieved with antenna diversity or frequency diversity. Vertical spacing of the antennas has been known empirically to offer performance gains for many links. A fast new method for tropospheric delay predictions is discussed. It uses Mathematica for critical functional fits to refractivity profiles, and a critical closed-form integration. A practical antenna diversity example is shown, with reference to Sylvain (see ibid., vol.43, no.7, p.2271, 1995).
Structure and surface morphology of highly conductive RuO2 films grown on MgO by oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

Metallic RuO{sub 2}(110) thin films were grown by oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on MgO(100) and (110) at 425{degree}C. RuO{sub 2} films on MgO(100) are epitaxial with two variants, while RuO{sub 2} films on MgO(110) are highly oriented with the (110) face parallel to the substrate surface. The two variants in the RuO{sub 2}(110) epitaxial films resulted in a two-fold mosaic microstructure. The RuO{sub 2}(110) epitaxial films are very smooth and exhibit a low resistivity of {approximately}36 {mu}{Omega}-cm. In contrast, the RuO{sub 2}(110) textured films are very rough, and consist of small grains with a poor-in-plane alignment. A slight higher resistivity (49 {mu}{Omega}-cm) was found for the RuO{sub 2}(110) textured films grown on MgO(110). {copyright} {ital 1997 Materials Research Society.}
Left Ventricular Volume Studies in Tranquilized Dogs with Local Anesthesia

Left ventricular volumes were estimated by thermodilution in unanesthetized dogs given the tranquilizer, perphenazine. During systole, the left ventricle emptied an average of 40% of its end-diastolic volume. This is a significantly greater proportion than observed previously during general anesthesia with several different agents. Left ventricular mid-systolic wall force was calculated. Higher force values at a given end-diastolic volume occurred during intravenous infusion of norepinephrine. Methoxamine failed to change these relationships.
Distributed dynamic context-aware task-based configuration of wireless sensor networks

The complexity of handling multiple – often conflicting – tasks, coupled with the collaboration required by wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes to accomplish such tasks, exacerbate concerns about the effectiveness and longevity of the network. Handling multiple dynamic contexts and offering autonomic context-aware WSN management are severely limited by the network's resource constraints. This may affect the ability of sensors to join fully or partially in the missions of the network, restricting the quality of users' experience. Moreover, WSNs should work unattended and cannot assume global visibility or centralized services. Hence, we conceptualize next generation WSNs as autonomous distributed systems capable of dynamic and adaptive reconfiguration. Such networks should be capable of performing dynamic task allocation according to application demand, network conditions, and task context. In this paper we present an efficient distributed task allocation method for WSNs. We look at the task allocation problem in WSNs from a new perspective, where we show how it can be mapped to a clustering problem, and we leverage our previously proposed Affinity Propagation (AP) inspired clustering protocol [1] to solve it. We contrast our approach against both optimal and naive greedy solutions. By means of simulation, we show that our method is capable of achieving near-optimal results at only a fraction of the optimal solution cost.
Adaptive Evolution of Gene Expression in Antarctic Fishes: Divergent Transcription of the 5′-to-5′ Linked Adult α1- and β-Globin Genes of the Antarctic Teleost Notothenia coriiceps is Controlled by Dual Promoters and Intergenic Enhancers

SYNOPSIS. Unlike temperate fishes, Antarctic fishes of the notothenioid suborder, whose body temperatures (2 2t o118C) conform to the Southern Ocean, must express their genomes in an extremely cold thermal regime. To determine whether these fishes have evolved compensatory adjustments that maintain efficient gene transcription at low temperatures, we have initiated studies of the cis-acting regulatory elements that control globin gene expression in the Antarctic rockcod Notothenia coriiceps and in its close relative, the temperate New Zealand black cod N. angustata (habitat temperature 51 6t o1158C). The genes encoding the major a1 and b globins of these fishes are tightly linked in head-to-head (59 to 59) orientation. The intergenic regions separating the globin genes in the two fishes, ;4.3 kb in N. coriiceps and ;3.2 kb in N. angustata, are highly similar in sequence, the major difference being the absence of a 1.1-kb, repeat-containing segment in the latter. To assess the promoter and enhancer activities of the intergenic regions, each was cloned into the luciferase-reporter vector pGL3-Basic, and the constructs were transfected into MEL cells. Upon DMSO induction of MEL cell differentiation, each of the a/b-intergenic regions functioned in both orientations as erythroid-responsive transcriptional regulators. However, expression of luciferase mediated by the N. coriiceps intergene was 6-fold greater in the a orientation than that for the N. angustata intergene and 2-fold greater for the b. The greater transcription-stimulating activity of the N. coriiceps intergene can be attributed to two enhancers composed of combinations of CAC/Sp1 and GATA motifs and located in direct repeat elements. N. angustata, which lacked repetitive structure in its intergene, contained a single copy of the enhancer. We propose that cold adaptation of globin gene expression in N. coriiceps evolved in part through duplication and refinement of critical cis-acting regulatory elements as the Southern Ocean cooled during the past 25 million years.
The Winters Doctrine: Historical Perspective and Future Applications of Reserved Water Rights in Arizona

Like many States in the American West, Arizona is flooded with conflicting claims to water, a very scarce resource. Conflicts arising from water-rights claims by mining, agricultural and municipal entities are a traditional part of life in Arizona. Indian water-rights claims, however, are a relatively recent development which introduce a significant and troublesome new factor into an already delicate water-supply-and-demand management matrix. These claims are the topic of this paper. Any discussion about legal bases of Indian water-rights claims must begin with an understanding of the U.S. Supreme Court's 1908 decision in the Winters case. In that decision the Court ruled that the U.S. government impliedly reserved water rights for the Indians of the Fort Bethold Reservation in Montana when it withdrew the lands from public domain. The Winters case and subsequent Indian water-rights litigation are reviewed and the impacts on Arizona water-rights claims are projected. Finally, the author suggests that the federal government must develop substitute water sources or augment water supplies for Indians if it is to fulfill its trustee role as defined in Winters doctrine adjudication. Five recommendations are presented for review in considering the possibilities of the two alternatives for government action relevant to solving complex water-rights conflicts in Arizona, recommendations which may be applicable to similar problems in other water-poor regions in the American West.
A brief introduction to regions

The paper gives an overview of region-based memory management. The emphasis of the paper is on the dynamic aspects of execution, specifically memory management. We illustrate how three static program analyses can be used for inferring memory management directives. They are region inference, physical size inference, and storage mode analysis. We describe these analyses for a skeletal language inspired by Standard ML. We also describe a region-based runtime system for the skeletal language, based on the runtime system of the ML Kit with Regions.
Soil–plant–atmosphere conditions regulating convective cloud formation above southeastern US pine plantations

Loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.) occupy more than 20% of the forested area in the southern United States, represent more than 50% of the standing pine volume in this region, and remove from the atmosphere about 500 g C m-2 per year through net ecosystem exchange. Hence, their significance as a major regional carbon sink can hardly be disputed. What is disputed is whether the proliferation of young plantations replacing old forest in the southern United States will alter key aspects of the hydrologic cycle, including convective rainfall, which is the focus of the present work. Ecosystem fluxes of sensible (Hs) and latent heat (LE) and large-scale, slowly evolving free atmospheric temperature and water vapor content are known to be first-order controls on the formation of convective clouds in the atmospheric boundary layer. These controlling processes are here described by a zero-order analytical model aimed at assessing how plantations of different ages may regulate the persistence and transition of the atmospheric system between cloudy and cloudless conditions. Using the analytical model together with field observations, the roles of ecosystem Hs and LE on convective cloud formation are explored relative to the entrainment of heat and moisture from the free atmosphere. Our results demonstrate that cloudy-cloudless regimes at the land surface are regulated by a nonlinear relation between the Bowen ratio Bo=Hs/LE and root-zone soil water content, suggesting that young/mature pines ecosystems have the ability to recirculate available water (through rainfall predisposition mechanisms). Such nonlinearity was not detected in a much older pine stand, suggesting a higher tolerance to drought but a limited control on boundary layer dynamics. These results enable the generation of hypotheses about the impacts on convective cloud formation driven by afforestation/deforestation and groundwater depletion projected to increase following increased human population in the southeastern United States.
18F-FDG Kinetics in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Correlation with Tumor Blood Flow and Changes in Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

The aim of this study was to characterize the biologic response of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) to chemotherapy using 15O-water–derived blood flow measurements and 18F-FDG–derived glucose metabolism rate parameters. Methods: Thirty-five LABC patients underwent PET with 15O-water and 18F-FDG before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 2 mo after the initiation of treatment. Kinetic analysis for 15O-water was performed using a single tissue compartment model to calculate blood flow; a 2-tissue compartment model was used to estimate 18F-FDG rate parameters K1, k2, k3, and the flux constant, Ki. Correlations and ratios between blood flow and 18F-FDG rate parameters were calculated and compared with pathologic tumor response. Results: Although blood flow and 18F-FDG transport (K1) were correlated before chemotherapy, there was relatively poor correlation between blood flow and the phosphorylation constant (k3) or the overall 18F-FDG flux (Ki). Blood flow and 18F-FDG flux were more closely matched after chemotherapy, with changes in k3 accounting for the increased correlation. These findings were consistent with a decline in both the Ki/flow and k3/flow ratios with therapy. The ratio of 18F-FDG flux to transport (Ki/K1) after 2 mo of chemotherapy was predictive of ultimate response. Conclusion: The pattern of tumor glucose metabolism in LABC, as reflected by analysis of 18F-FDG rate parameters, changes after therapy, even in patients with modest clinical responses. This may indicate a change in tumor “metabolic phenotype” in response to treatment. A low ratio of glucose metabolism (reflected by Ki) to glucose delivery (reflected by K1 and blood flow) after therapy is associated with a favorable response. Further work is needed to understand the tumor biology underlying these findings.
Reactivation of Thermally Inactivated Bacteriophage

It has been shown by Anson and Mirsky1 in a long series of studies that the denaturation of many proteins is a reversible process. The isolation of crystalline trypsin2 and pepsin3 has furnished proof that at least some enzymes are protein compounds. In them the denaturative reaction is paralleled by loss of enzymatic activity and conversely, as the denatured protein is changed back to native protein this activity is regained.4Krueger5 found that the thermal inactivation of phage follows the course of a unimolecular reaction and that the critical thermal increment for inactivation is about 100,000. Since critical thermal increments of this order of magnitude are uniquely characteristic of protein-denaturation he concluded that the inactivation of phage by heat involved protein-denaturation as a significant reaction. Additional experimental support for this concept is available in other observations:1. Vedder6 has noted that the loss of activity on heating dried phage is much less than with phage in aqueou...
Enthalpies of Solution of the Nucleic Acid Bases. 4. Uracil in Water.

An adiabatic solution calorimeter was used to measure enthalpies of solution in water of 7 uracil samples in a concentration range of 3 to 45 mmol · kg-1 and over a temperature range of 298 K to 325 K. Analytical data for the samples are given. Our best value for the enthalpy of solution is ΔH0(∞,298.15K)=(29.33±1.2)kJmol-1 and for the change in heat capacity for the reaction with temperature, ΔCp0=(57±13)Jmol-1K-1 No change in the enthalpy of solution with concentration was found in this range. Values were calculated for the entropy of solution, ΔS° = (68.1 ± 4.2) J · mol-1 · K-1, and for the apparent molal heat capacity at infinite dilution, Cp20=(178±15)Jmol-1K-1 .
Atomic Arrangements in Short period MO-GE Multilayers Determined by X-Ray Anomalous Scattering and EXAFS

Studies of atomic arrangements in amorphous and crystalline, short period Mo-Ge multilayers using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (transmission and reflection), supplemented by EXAFS, are described. Differential anomalous scattering and EXAFS were utilized to determine the environment of each species. Intermixing, as well as a BCC epitaxial Ge structure, are among the observed structural characteristics. A wide range of structural variations is present indicating that specification of the layer thicknesses or composition profile alone is insufficient for characterization of the multilayers.
Clinical characteristics of septicemia infected with Ochrobactrum anthropi in children and AmpC genetic testing

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi with which the children were infected and which results in septicemia and the drug resistant genes so as to guide clinical practice.METHODS The clinical data of the children with septicemia caused by O.anthropi who treated in Hunan Children′s Hospital from Jan 2006 to Dec 2009 were collected,the drug susceptibility testing and the AmpC/R genetic testing were carried out.RESULTS Of 163 children with O.anthropi septicemia,the children aged from 28 days to 3 years old were major population,accounting for 80.4%;most of the children were with other diseases and complications,92.6% of the children had obvious fever,the incidence of the fever was significantly lower in the children aged less than 3 months old than in those aged more than 3 months old,57.7% of WBC and 66.3% of CRP were elevated,and the proportion of AST increased obviously higher than that of ALT;the drug resistance rates of the pathogenic bacteria to ampicillin,piperacillin,the first,second and third generation of cephalosporins,and aztreonam were higher than 90.0%,the drug susceptibility rates to levofloxacin,imipenem,ciprofloxacin,and amikacin were higher than 90.0%;the genetic testing indicated that there were ampC/R genes detected.CONCLUSION O.anthropi can cause the septicemia in infants,cefepime is the preferred drug and imipenem is for the infants with severe septicemia,it is necessary to strengthen the control of antibiotics so as to prevent transmission of the resistant genes in the strains.
Faunal reflections of change and diversity: monitoring the effects of natural and cultural site formation processes on the composition of archaeological faunal assemblages

The aim of this thesis was to develop a range of methodologies that could be used to monitor the natural site formation processes affecting the composition of an archaeological faunal assemblage in order to investigate human economic behaviour. To achieve this I used a range of methodologies to monitor how the environment, animal activity, post-depositional weathering and archaeological techniques would affect the composition of a faunal assemblage in rockshelter deposits. This case study was undertaken on the faunal remains from Boonah Rockshelter in southeast Queensland. Changes in the faunal assemblage at Boonah Rockshelter could not be attributed to natural site formation processes and reflect variation in human behaviour over time. The nature of these changes involved the exploitation of a greater range of medium-sized animals, such as gliders and possums late in the sequence, resulting in a decline in the relative importance of macropods in the diet. This research has wider implications for southeast Queensland prehistory and for Australian archaeology generally. For instance, the similarity between the economic sequences in two sites, Boonah and Gatton, supports the idea that they reflect regional changes, and not merely site-specific changes.
ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE MINERALOGY: PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH’S DEEP INTERIOR.Russell Hemley, Editor. Mineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy, 1998, Volume 37, 671 pages. Washington, D.C., $32 ($24 for MSA members).

Ultrahigh-Pressure Mineralogy: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth’s Deep Interior is a wonderful book that Russell Hemley, as editor, and the contributing authors should look to with satisfaction. This book results from a three-day seminar course organized by Hokwang Mao and Hemley (both at the Geophysical Laboratory) and held at the University of California at Davis in December 1998. Ultrahigh-Pressure Mineralogy is broad in scope, drawing on expertise from an impressive and diverse group of 37 specialists, many of whom have institutional affiliations with the Center for High Pressure Research (CHiPR; representing the Mineral Physics Institute at Stony Brook, the Geophysical Laboratory, and the Thermochemistry Laboratory at the Univ. of California Davis). At least one author from the CHiPR group is included in 11 of the 19 chapters. Ultrahigh-Pressure Mineralogy accomplishes its purpose—to summarize, in tutorial fashion, the current knowledge in three broad areas: (1) high-pressure experimental methods; (2) the effect of minerals in shaping properties of the Earth; and (3) fundamental material properties at high pressure. These three areas are described in the Preface and grouped as Sections I-III in the abridged Table of Contents on the back cover. “Section I. Overview” is synonymous with Chapter 1: New Windows on the Earth’s Deep Interior and authored …
Technical aspects of peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) with 90Y-DOTATOC for neuroendocrine tumors using PET/CT and SPECT/CT

2733 Objectives 68Ga-DOTATOC is an effective somatostatin receptor radioligand for imaging neuroendocrine tumors (NETS). 90Y-DOTATOC is a therapeutic analog used in peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) for patients with metastatic NETS. 90Y is known as a beta emitter with a half life of 64.1 hours. However, a very small fraction (0.0032%) of 90Y decays result in positron/electron pair creation, resulting in the ability to obtain quantitative PET/CT images for dosimetry purposes. As the kidney is the critical organ that limits therapeutic dose, quantitative imaging of 90Y DOTATOC using PET/CT and bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT can tailor therapeutic dosing of 90Y-DOTATOC to the patient. We describe the technical aspects of dosimetry-based PRRT. Methods Subjects enrolled on study undergo whole body 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT imaging at 60 minutes post-injection to assess receptor targeting prior to PRRT. Subjects receive a total of three cycles of PRRT, every 6 to 8 weeks. Images of the kidneys (one field-of-view 30 minute PET/CT and SPECT/CT) are acquired approximately 4 hours after the infusion of 90Y-DOTATOC and at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-infusion (SPECT/CT only). Cycle one dosing for 90Y-DOTATOC is fixed and subsequent cycle 90Y-DOTATOC dosing is based on renal dosimetric calculations from prior cycles, not exceeding a total renal dose of 23 Gy. Results Twelve subjects (mean age 63, range 49 - 75) have undergone at least one cycle of 90Y -DOTATOC PRRT to date. Eight subjects have completed two cycles. Mean 68G-DOTATOC dose was 0.142 GBq (range = 0.105 - 0.165). Mean 90Y DOTATOC dose was 4.57 GBq (range = 2.70 - 5.57). Conclusions Dosimetry-based PRRT is a lengthy, technically detailed protocol that requires coordination with the infusion team, the Nuclear Medicine department, and the Positron Emission Tomography department to ensure a smooth and timely procedure for the patient and personnel.
Bone density, body composition, and psychopathology of anorexia nervosa spectrum disorders in DSM-IV vs DSM-5.

Objective DSM-5 revised the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) by eliminating the amenorrhea requirement, liberalizing weight and psychological criteria, and adding the formal diagnosis of “atypical AN” for individuals with AN psychological symptoms without low weight. We sought to determine whether bone density (BMD) is impaired in women diagnosed with AN using the new, more liberal, DSM-5 criteria. Method Cross-sectional study of 168 women, 18 − 45y: (1) AN by DSM-IV (DSM-IV AN) (n = 37), (2) AN by DSM-5 but not DSM-IV criteria (DSM-5 AN) (n = 33), (3) atypical AN (ATYPICAL AN) (n = 77), (4) healthy comparison group (HC) (n = 21). Measurements included dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales. Results BMD Z-score <−1.0 was present in 78% of DSM-IV, 82% of DSM-5, and 69% of ATYPICAL. Mean Z-scores were comparably low in DSM-IV and DSM-5, intermediate in ATYPICAL, and highest in HC. Lack of prior low weight or amenorrhea was, but history of overweight/obesity was not, protective against bone loss. Mean lean mass and percent fat mass were significantly lower in all AN groups than HC. DSM-IV, DSM-5, and ATYPICAL had comparable psychopathology. Discussion Despite liberalizing diagnostic criteria, many women diagnosed with AN and atypical AN using DSM-5 criteria have low BMD. Presence or history of low weight and/or amenorrhea remain important indications for DXA. Loss of lean mass, in addition to fat mass, is present in all AN groups, and may contribute to low BMD. The deleterious effect of eating disorders on BMD extends beyond those with current low weight and amenorrhea. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:343–351)
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of postcardiotomy shock

Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), one of an increasing variety of mechanical circulatory support strategies, was first used close to 50 years ago. For decades, it was mostly applied to the pediatric population. However, during the past several years, its use has dramatically increased as therapy for pulmonary and cardiac failure in the adult. In particular, ECMO is being used more and more for postcardiotomy shock. Unfortunately, despite its increased application in this setting, improved outcomes have been hard to come by. Improved results must be grounded on an approach that honors the tenets of myocardial recovery, minimizing the work done by the heart during the recovery period. Left ventricular decompression should be a tenet of ECMO support in the setting of postcardiotomy shock, universally applied if we are to see any significant improvement in our results. Furthermore, the point is made that surgeons should play a leadership role in the immediate counseling of patients' families to assure realistic expectations on their part. To address the need for family support during this very difficult time, ECMO centers should design a programmatic approach to care for patients and their families so as to provide them with education, guidance, and emotional support.
Identification of detergents for forensic fiber analysis

Trace fibers are an important form of trace evidence, and identification of exogenous substances on textile fibers provides valuable information about the origin of the fiber. Laundering textiles can provide a unique fluorescent spectral signature of the whitening agent in the detergent that adsorbs to the fiber. Using fluorescence microscopy, the spectral characteristics of seven detergents adsorbed to single fibers drawn from laundered textiles were investigated, and principal component analysis of clusters was used to characterize the type of detergent on the fiber. On dyed nylon fibers, spectra from eight different detergent pairs could be resolved and washed validation fibers correctly classified. On dyed acrylic fibers, five different detergent pairs could be resolved and identified. Identification of the detergent type may prove useful in matching a trace fiber to its bulk specimen of origin.
Propagation Along Overhead Transmission Lines with Multiply Grounded Shield Wires

Simple, closed-form expressions have been derived for the propagation constants and currents for a two-conductor transmission line over earth with a single shield wire centered above it and periodically grounded through an impedance. Each conductor is driven by a voltage source at $\mathrm{z}=$ 0. The expressions are valid as long as all transverse dimensions are small compared to a free-space wavelength, are in agreement with the known low-frequency expressions, and can be used to establish the validity of low-frequency expressions. In addition, well-known microwave phenomena, such as stop and pass bands, have been identified at frequencies as low as 500 kHz.
Insulin Resistance and Neurodegeneration: Progress Towards the Development of New Therapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) should be regarded as a degenerative metabolic disease caused by brain insulin resistance and deficiency, and overlapping with the molecular, biochemical, pathophysiological, and metabolic dysfunctions in diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Although most of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches over the past several decades have focused on amyloid-beta (Aβ42) and aberrantly phosphorylated tau, which could be caused by consequences of brain insulin resistance, the broader array of pathologies including white matter atrophy with loss of myelinated fibrils and leukoaraiosis, non-Aβ42 microvascular disease, dysregulated lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, astrocytic gliosis, neuro-inflammation, and loss of synapses vis-a-vis growth of dystrophic neurites, is not readily accounted for by Aβ42 accumulations, but could be explained by dysregulated insulin/IGF-1 signaling with attendant impairments in signal transduction and gene expression. This review covers the diverse range of brain abnormalities in AD and discusses how insulins, incretins, and insulin sensitizers could be utilized to treat at different stages of neurodegeneration.