cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Representing induced technological change in models for climate policy analysis

Induced technological change (ITC), whereby the relative price effects of reducing greenhouse gas emissions stimulate innovation that mitigates the cost of abatement, is both tantalizing to decision makers and challenging to represent in the computational economic and engineering models used to analyze climate change policy. This overview reconciles the divergent views of technology and technological change within different types of models, elucidates the theoretical underpinnings of ITC, introduces the reader to the techniques of their practical implementation, and evaluates the implications for models' results.
Preparation, crystallization and properties of rapidly solidified YBa2Cu3O7−δ

Abstract YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ was prepared in the glassy state by rapid solidification from the melt. The quenched material was paramagnetic down to liquid-He temperature. Diamagnetic behavior developed after crystallization of the glass at high temperatures (> 800°C). A well-defined superconducting transition occurred at 90 K for material heat treated and crystallized above 900 °C.
Cytokines as Antimicrobial Therapy for the T Cell-Deficient Patient: Prospects for Treatment of Nonviral Opportunistic Infections

Patients rendered T cell-deficient by advanced disease due to human immunodeficiency virus, an underlying neoplastic disorder, or immunosuppressive therapy are vulnerable to a select group of opportunistic infections. These infections, which often fail to respond to conventional therapy, provide the clinical setting in which the efficacy of treatment with cytokines can be tested. Particularly pertinent cytokines are those that activate macrophages and monocytes or enhance T-cell function. Experimental observations and emerging data from patients with intact T-cell function suggest that treatment with at least three cytokines, interferon-γ, interleukin-2, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may be of benefit
Theatre, education and performance

Theatre, education and performance, by Helen Nicholson, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, 245 pp. (paperback) ISBN 978-0-230-57423-6 Like Mapping Geographies – an activity where participants l...
Windborne debris risk analysis - Part II. Application to structural vulnerability modeling

The \'chain reaction\' effect of the interaction between wind pressure and windborne debris is likely to be a major cause of damage to residential buildings during severe wind events. The current paper (Part II) concerns the quantification of such pressure-debris interaction in an advanced vulnerability model that integrates the debris risk model developed in Part I and a component-based wind-pressure damage model. This vulnerability model may be applied to predict the cumulative wind damage during the passage of particular hurricanes, to estimate annual hurricane losses, or to conduct system reliability analysis for residential developments, with the effect of windborne debris fully considered.
Neurotoxin gene clusters in Clostridium botulinum type A strains: sequence comparison and evolutionary implications.

The nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin (ha) genes and the transcriptional regulator botR gene were determined in type A Clostridium botulinum strain 62A, and the complete nucleotide sequence of the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) gene cluster was determined in strain Hall A-hyper. Comparison of the BoNT/A gene clusters revealed only two nucleotide differences between the two strains. The nucleotide sequences of the regions flanking the BoNT clusters were also determined in strains 62A, Hall A-hyper, and type A(B) strain NCTC 2916. The regions upstream of the BoNT/A clusters in the type A strains shared marked homology with the region upstream of the silent BoNT/B cluster in the A(B) strain, indicating a similar evolutionary origin. The region downstream of the BoNT/A cluster in type A strains encodes putative insertion sequence (IS) elements with multiple internal mutations. These IS elements may have played a role in neurotoxin gene transfer within the host genome and to other Clostridium species.
Note---Extending the Rotterdam Model to Test Hierarchical Market Structures

Two issues that have implications across a firm's marketing activities are the estimation of the market response functions, and the determination of the structure of the market in which its products compete. In a recent paper, Clements and Selvanathan Clements, K. W., E. A. Selvanathan. 1988. The Rotterdam demand model and its application to marketing. Marketing Sci.7Winter 60--75. describe how the Rotterdam Demand System can be used to study these two issues in a joint framework. In this note we extend their model to test hierarchical market structures using data at the brand/form level. We also incorporate idiosyncratic response coefficients that capture the effects of advertising and/or other nonprice marketing mix variables separate from the effects of a price change. These extensions provide additional insights into the nature and extent of competition among brands within a product class.
The significance of sampling biases on calculated monthly mean oceanic surface heat fluxes

The possible influence of spatial gradients and seasonal and diurnal cycles in basic meteorological parameters on the accuracy of monthly five degree latitude–longitude mean ocean surface flux calculations is explored. A simple formalism for assessing the importance of these possible biases is outlined. Data for two sample eastern Pacific regions shows possibly significant biases in one or more variables. The effect of the bias on the 20-year means of the fluxes would appear to be less than 1 % of the variance or about 10% of the mean. The influence of the biases on individual monthly means could be far greater depending upon the number and distribution of available observations. It is suggested that in tropical and subtropical regions free of tropical storms about eleven observations is the minimum number of observations to assure the accuracy of individual monthly fluxes. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1981.tb01745.x
A randomized clinical trial of analgesia in children with acute abdominal pain.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of in- travenous morphine on pain reduction, physical ex- amination, and diagnostic accuracy in children with acute abdominal pain. Methods: A randomized, dou- ble-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was con- ducted at an emergency department of a tertiary care children's hospital. Children aged 5-18 years with abdominal pain of #5 days' duration, pain score $5 on a 0-10 visual analog scale, and need for surgical evaluation were eligible. Following the initial assess- ment, patients were randomized to receive either 0.1 mg/kg morphine or an equal volume of saline. The pediatric emergency medicine physician and surgical consultant independently recorded the areas of ten- derness to palpation and percussion, and their diag- noses before the study medication and 15 to 30 minutes later. Results: Sixty patients were enrolled, and 29 received morphine and 31 received saline. The demographic characteristics between the two groups were similar. The median reduction of pain score be- tween the two study groups was 2 (95% CI = 1 to 4; p = 0.002). There was no significant change in the areas of tenderness in both study groups. Children with surgical conditions had persistent tenderness to palpation and/or percussion. There was no significant change in the diagnostic accuracy between the study groups and between the physician groups. All pa- tients requiring laparotomy were identified and no significant complication was noted in the morphine group. Conclusions: Intravenous morphine provides significant pain reduction to children with acute ab- dominal pain without adversely affecting the exami- nation, and morphine does not affect the ability to identify children with surgical conditions. Key words: analgesia; acute abdominal pain; children; pediatrics. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2002; 9: 281-287
[18F]-FDG uptake dose-response correlates with radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients.

Purpose: To quantify the post-radiotherapy 2-[ 18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) pulmonary uptake dose–response in lung cancer patients and determine its relationship with radiation pneumonitis symptoms. Methods and materials: The data from 24 patients treated for lung cancer with thoracic radiotherapy who received restaging PET/CT imaging between 4 and 12 weeks after radiotherapy completion were evaluated. Their radiation dose distribution was registered with the post-treatment restaging PET/CT. Using histogram analysis, the voxel average FDG-PET uptake vs. radiation dose was obtained for each case and linear regression was performed. The resulting slope, the pulmonary metabolic radiation response (PMRR), was used to characterize the dose–response. The Common Toxicity Criteria version 3 was used to score clinical pulmonary toxicity symptoms. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the level of FDG uptake v. dose, MLD, V5 ,V 10 ,V 20, and V30 that can best predict symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Results: The median time between radiotherapy completion and FDG-PET imaging was 59 days (range, 26–70 days). The median of the mean SUV from lung that received 0–5 Gy was 1.00 (range, 0.37–1.48), 5–10 Gy was 1.01 (range, 0.37–1.77), 10–20 Gy was 1.04 (0.42–1.53), and >20 Gy was 1.29 (range, 0.41– 8.01). Using the dose range of 0 Gy to the maximum dose minus 10 Gy, hierarchical linear regression model of the radiation dose and normalized FDG uptake per case found an adequate fit with the linear model. Pneumonitis scores were: Grade 0 for 13, Grade 1 for 5, Grade 2 for 6, and Grade 3, 4 or 5 for none. Using a PMRR threshold of 0.017 yields an associated true positive rate of 0.67 and false positive rate of 0.15 with average error of 30%. A V5 threshold of 57.6 gives an associated true positive rate of 0.67 and false positive rate of 0.05 with a 20% average error. Conclusion: The metabolic radiation pneumonitis dose response was evaluated from post-treatment FDGPET/CT imaging. Statistical modeling found a linear relationship. The FDG uptake dose response and V5 correlated with symptomatic radiation pneumonitis.
Deficient Cation Channel Regulation in Neurons From Mice With Targeted Disruption of the Extracellular Ca2+-Sensing Receptor Gene

Abstract This study presents evidence that a receptor sensitive to the concentration of extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o) (CaR) is functionally coupled to ion channels involved in modulation of neuronal excitability. This receptor is expressed in hippocampus and other brain regions, suggesting that it could mediate some of the well-recognized but poorly understood direct actions of extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o) on neuronal function. The effects of polycationic CaR agonists on the activity of a nonselective cation channel (NCC) in cultured hippocampal neurons from wild-type mice and from mice homozygous for targeted disruption of the CaR gene (CaR −/−) were compared in this study. The CaR agonists, neomycin (100 μM), spermine (300 μM), and elevation of Ca2+o from 0.75 to 3 mM, significantly increased the probability of channel opening (Po) in wild-type neurons. None of these agents, however, produced any effect on Po in neurons from mice lacking the CaR. The same NCC, however, could be activated by thapsigargin in neurons from both wild-type mice and CaR-deficient mice, most likely through an associated increase in the cytosolic free calcium concentration (Cai). Thus the CaR regulates the activity of Ca2+-permeable NCC in hippocampal neurons and could potentially modulate key neuronal functions, including neurotransmission and neuronal excitability, via membrane depolarization.
Conceptual Frame for Selecting Individual Psychotherapy in the Schools.

Psychotherapy is a service-delivery that is provided for both general and special education students. This manuscript examines a conceptual framework for determing when to employ psychotherapy within the school-based setting. Decisions are informed by the relationship between problem behavior, therapeutic techniques, short-term outcomes, and overall child development. Both the individual needs of students and the cumulative body of evidence regarding treatment effectiveness are required for intervention selection. The school psychologists' unique training in psychology and education affords the opportunity to effectively use psychotherapy to enhance the academic and social development of children. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The interplay of drifts and flicks in binocular fixation

Abstract A study of spontaneous human eye movements during monocular and binocular fixation was made in order to determine the corrective roles of flicks and drifts. It is found that both types of motions correct fixational errors although flicks are somewhat more active in this respect. Vergence error is a stimulus for correction by drifts but not by flicks, while binocular vertical discrepancy of the visual axes does not trigger corrective movements.
Maternal control of early mouse development

The hiatus between oocyte and embryonic gene transcription dictates a role for stored maternal factors in early mammalian development. Encoded by maternal-effect genes, these factors accumulate during oogenesis and enable the activation of the embryonic genome, the subsequent cleavage stages of embryogenesis and the initial establishment of embryonic cell lineages. Recent studies in mice have yielded new findings on the role of maternally provided proteins and multi-component complexes in preimplantation development. Nevertheless, significant gaps remain in our mechanistic understanding of the networks that regulate early mammalian embryogenesis, which provide an impetus and opportunities for future investigations.
bureaucracy nd Community Organization: The Metamorphosis of a Relationship

An analysis of the relationship between the Pico-Union Neighborhood Council (PUNC) and the Community Redevelopment Agency of Los Angeles reveals the pressure of bureaucratic perspectives and role demands to be a significant factor in the interaction of public agencies and community organizations. In spite of independent funding, this neighborhood council has moved from militant advocacy, with broad community par ticipation. to community development directed largely by professionals, with substan tially reduced involvement from community residents. This transformation is examined through an analysis of the perspectives and roles of these two organizations as well as those of the technical advisers from the University of California at Los Angeles. The pressure of role demands and the dynamics of modernization are presented as explana tions for the changes which took place in PUNC. Three major considerations for puhlic administrators of agencies involved with community organizations are discussed.
Elimination of a Glow Discharge in an Induction-heated Vacuum Furnace

RECENTLY, J. P. Burden1 discussed the elimination of a glow discharge in induction-heated vacuum furnaces. As Burden indicated, the glow discharge is troublesome because it robs energy. In addition, in vacuum analysis systems, the discharge is often intolerable because of the consequent evolution of gases from glass furnace parts.
Radar analysis of warm rain showers

Two X-band radar sets, an M-33 and a GPG-1, were operated routinely on the island of Hawaii during the period July 11 through August 28, 1965. The M-33 was located at the Cloud Physics Observatory on the Hilo Campus of the University of Hawaii. The data obtained from the PPI scope photography were used to determine preliminary climatological parameters associated with trade wind showers. The relationship between echo frequency and total rainfall was examined and found to be remarkably good. Such an analysis is useful in the determination of rainfall amounts over the land and over the ocean in the vicinity of Hawaii where the raingage density is sparse. The frequency of echoes of a given diameter as a function of range was tabulated according to whether the echo was observed over land or over water. It is apparent from these data that there was a greater frequency of echoes per unit area over land than over water. This is attributed to the breakup of organized lines or bands of showers as they moved inland. In addition, there is a distinct decrease of echo frequency with range. The observed decrease of echo frequency cannot be accounted for by range attenuation or atmospheric refraction. The relationship between echo movement and the trade winds was studied. The results indicate that the radar echoes tend to move to the right of the wind direction with a slightly greater speed than the environmental wind. Selected examples of radar photographs are presented which illustrate typical echo displays. In addition, the radar presentation of a mesosystem and the echoes associated with a Hawaiian thunderstorm are shown. The GPG-1 radar was located at 2100 meters on the windward slope of Mauna Kea. Very little useful data were obtained from this location due to trapping gradients associated with the trade inversion. An example is shown where the propagation path was extended and the sensitivity reduced by refractive index gradients. The site was abandoned early in the project in favor of a more concentrated effort on the M-33 operations. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1968.tb00365.x
The α-glycerophosphate cycle in Drosophila melanogaster . I. Biochemical and developmental aspects

The two α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases ofDrosophila melanogaster (mitochondrial αGPO and soluble αGPDH) have been biochemically characterized in a preliminary investigation of the α-glycerophosphate cycle inDrosophila. The soluble enzyme is NAD linked and can be distinguished from the mitochondrial oxidase in terms of locational specificity,pH optimum, salt precipitation, and electrophoretic behavior. The mitochondrial enzyme is NAD independent and exhibits behavior typical of a lipoprotein. Extraction procedures are described for αGPO with nonionic detergents. Isoelectric focusing of αGPO on polyacrylamide gels resolved two molecular forms of αGPO which differ in isoelectric point, ease of extraction, and developmental and spatial distribution. Developmental profiles of both αGPO and αGPDH are presented. The occurrence of multiple forms of both the soluble (Wright and Shaw, 1969) and the mitochondrial forms of the enzymes is discussed in light of a multifunctional role of the α-glycerophosphate cycle inDrosophila.
THEORY OF ANION ORDERING IN TMTSF COMPOUNDS

A strong coupling theory is developed for anion ordering in (TMTSF)/sub 2/X, where X is a tetrahedral anion. The effect of pressure is considered and an explanation is found for the thermal-cycling effects in (TMTSF)/sup 2/ClO/sub 4/ and (TMTSF)/sub 2/ReO/sub 4/.
A winter hardy, aluminum tolerant, perennial pasture grass for reclamation of acid mine spoils

Abstract Limpograss, Hermarthria altissima, (Poir) Stapf & C. E. Hubb (PI 364344) was tested for Al tolerance in acid, Al‐toxic Tatum subsoil (pH 4.1), in an acid mine spoil (pH 4.0) and in nutrient solutions containing 0 to 24 ppm Al added at initial pH 4.5 or 4.0. The grass was exceptionally tolerant to Al in all three media and can therefore be considered a “calcifuge”;, or perhaps more accurately, an “alumicole”;. In both Tatum soil and mine spoil, liming to pH values above 4.5 decreased growth, but the reasons for this were not determined. In our nutrient culture experiment (initial pH 4.0), the yields of plant tops were not significantly reduced by added Al concentrations up to 6 ppm but roots were injured by 4 ppm Al added. At initial pH 4.5 Al concentrations up to 4 ppm added appeared beneficial to root growth. Both tops and roots produced 50% of maximal yield with a final solution pH of 4.1 and with 17 ppm Al in the solution filtrate. Maximal growth was associated with plant‐induced pH increases ...
Combustion of fly-ash carbon: Part II: Thermodynamic aspects and calorimetric experiment

Thermodynamic aspects of carbon combustion are discussed. At lower temperatures (<400°C), carbon dioxide is the dominant species in the reacting system. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that at low temperatures methane can be produced. Based on literature data, the reaction rate of methane generation is low and therefore the methane combustion represents probably only a marginal contribution to the overall energy balance. Calorimetric experiments proved that impregnation of pelletized carbon fly-ash samples by sodium and/or potassium carbonates have beneficial effect on conversion of CO to CO2. The value of the effective heat of combustion, calculated from CO and CO2 outlet concentrations, increased for sample modified by Na2CO3 by 5% and for sample modified with K2CO3 almost by 20%.
Methodological Considerations for Diagnosis of Personality Disorders in Chronic Pain Patients

W e would like to thank Drs. Polatin , Gatchel, and Fishbain for their thoughtful and helpful remarks in the review of our Focus article. It appears that we are all in agreement that personality plays a large role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain (CP) syndromes, and that additional attention needs to be directed toward further understanding the nature of the relationship between personality and CP. We would like to elaborate on a few of the points made in the commentaries. Polatin raises the important issue of designing prospective studies to further illuminate the issue of whether individuals having certa in personality disorders (PDs) are more prone to develop CP syndromes. He reports on recent findings by his group showing that psychopathology on the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I and II Disorders (SCID-I and -II) [4] was not predictive of acute pain patients developing CP syndromes [2]. The reason for this finding is unknown, but it appears to contradict Polatin's own clinical bias that individuals with certain axis II diagnoses are more prone to develop CPO Perhaps the sample used in this most recent study differed in terms of demographic and socioeconomic factors from samples used in other, similar studies. Polatin and colleagues previously found that the presence of a PD did predict the successful return to work 6 months after injury [1]. Thus, there appear to be some contradictory findings in this area. Further research is needed to determine whether PDs
Temperature dependence of ionization rates in AlxGa1-xAs

Temperature dependence of ionization rates in aluminum gallium arsenides for samples with varying Al contents
Sonochemistry of Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions: An EPR Spin-Trapping Study

The surfactant properties of solutes play an important role in the sonochemistry and sonoluminescence of aqueous solutions. Recently, it has been shown, for relatively low molecular weight surfactants, that these effects can be correlated with the Gibbs surface excess of the solute. In the present study we investigate whether this correlation is valid for relatively high molecular weight surfactants and the mechanisms of surfactant decomposition during sonolysis. Sonolysis of argon-saturated aqueous solutions of nonvolatile surfactants [n-alkanesulfonates, n-alkyl sulfates, n-alkylammoniopropanesulfonates (APS), and poly(oxyethylenes) (POE)] was investigated by EPR and spin-trapping with 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate. Secondary carbon radicals (−·CH−), formed by abstraction reactions, were observed for all surfactants that were sonicated. The yield of primary carbon (−·CH2) and methyl (·CH3) radicals that are formed by pyrolysis is greatest for the zwitterionic (i.e., APS) and nonionic surfactants...
Analysis of fragmented time series data using box-jenkins models

Throughout ecology, fragmented time series data have remained largely unanalyzed even though numerous methods exist for both structural and Box-Jenkins time series models. We evaluated four fragmented-data techniques for Box-Jenkins models using a data set of Peromyscus leucopus densities that spans 248 months and contains 15% missing data. We (1) approximated missing data using a linear interpolation between available observations (interpolation model), (2) estimated missing data according to the autocorrelation pattern identified with available data (estimation model), (3) forecasted missing data and re-estimated the model until the forecasts converged using an estimation maximization algorithm (maximization model), and (4) omitted missing data during parameter estimation (omission model). We compared overall model fit using the Schwarz information criterion and outlieranalysis. We found that the estimation and omission models fit the data better than the maximization model and far better than the inter...
An efficient architecture for orthogonal wavelet transforms

A novel architecture is advanced for the efficient high-speed computation of orthogonal one-dimensional two-channel discrete wavelet transforms. The structure is derived when the multirate operations (downsampling and upsampling) are staggered. Compared with the polyphase and lattice architectures the developed architecture requires the minimum number of multiplications. It preserves orthogonality even when the coefficients are quantized. For multilevel discrete wavelet transform, the proposed architecture allows balanced pipeline implementations.
Turbidity distribution in the Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The regional coverage of Lamont nephelometer data in the North and South Atlantic can be used to map seawater turbidity at all depths. At the level of the clearest water, in the mid-depth regions, the turbidity distribution primarily reflects the pattern of productivity in the surface waters. This suggests that the ‘background’ turbidity level in the oceans is largely a function of biogenic fallout. The bottom waters of the western Atlantic generally exhibit large increases in turbidity. The most intense benthic nepheloid layers are in the southwestern Argentine basin and northern North American basin; the lowest bottom water turbidity in the western Atlantic is in the equatorial regions. Both the Argentine and North American basin bottom waters appear to derive their high turbidity largely from local resuspension of terrigenous input in these basins. In contrast to the west, the eastern Atlantic basins show very low turbidities with the exception of three regions: the Mediterranean outflow area, the Cape basin, and the West European basin.
Thermobarometry and P-T paths from granulite facies rocks: an introduction

Abstract P-T paths from granulite terranes provide unique information about the thermal and tectonic evolution of the lower crust. Although methods for P-T path determination are well established, integration of the methods of thermobarometry, reaction path analysis, mineral zoning studies and diffusion studies with geochronologic analysis of temperature-time histories is necessary to further interpret observed assemblages and textures. Granulite P-T paths are characterized by either a phase of nearly isothermal decompression, which is likely related to a period of tectonic denudation, or nearly isobaric cooling, which may be related to the thermal relaxation of the crust following either the addition of heat by magmas or rapid denudation. Prograde portions of the P-T path are required to distinguish further between these options.
Aeolian transport of sediment on a beach during and after rainfall, Wildwood, NJ, USA

Abstract A field investigation was conducted 9 March 1994 on a dissipative beach to compare wind characteristics and aeolian transport during and after a light rain. Winds blew alongshore during the monitoring period. Moisture content of surface sediment on the backbeach was above 7% during rain and 4% four hours after rainfall ceased. Trapping rates, measured using a cylindrical vertical trap, were 14.1 kg m−1 h−1 during rainfall and 140.2 kg m−1 h−1 for a period beginning 3 h 33 min after rainfall ceased. Results indicate that light rain, resulting in bulk surface moisture values over 7%, is not sufficient to eliminate transport, but the rate of transport is lower than can occur on the beach three to four hours following rain. The amount of sand trapped at Wildwood during rainfall is relatively high when compared to many previous studies on beaches in the absence of rain. The great length of the beach as a source area, combined with parallel or oblique winds are significant in increasing rates of sediment transport.
Probing the origins and control of shrinkage stress in dental resin composites. II. Novel method of simultaneous measurement of polymerization shrinkage stress and conversion.

This study probes the interrelationships between polymerization shrinkage stress development and the polymerization progress with a novel experimental technique. This technique is capable of real time, simultaneous measurement of double-bond conversion and shrinkage stress with the use of a noninvasive near-infrared fiber-optic system, along with a cantilever beam-based tensometer. The results from both filled and unfilled bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70:30 mass ratio) systems showed that the shrinkage stress buildup was concentrated in the latter stages of polymerization, with its dramatic increase linked to the asymptotic approach of conversion to its limiting value. The monotonic increase of shrinkage stress with conversion in the vitrified state is attributed to the dramatic increase of the sample's elastic modulus during the vitrification stage and a certain amount of cooling stress as the sample cools down from the temperature rise caused by the exothermic polymerization and light absorption. Excellent reproducibility of both the polymerization kinetics assessment and the shrinkage stress measurement has been achieved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 71B: 206–213, 2004
3D-printed fluidic devices enable quantitative evaluation of blood components in modified storage solutions for use in transfusion medicine

A fluidic device constructed with a 3D-printer can be used to investigate stored blood components with subsequent high-throughput calibration and readout with a standard plate reader.
Control and Characterization of Protein Adsorption on Ceramic Surfaces

Protein adsorption to ceramic surfaces is an important early step in the function of implants. The types and amounts of adsorbed protein and the resulting conformational changes could mediate subsequent cell adhesion and inorganic deposition. Microporous silicoalumino-phosphates, which allow variations in surface composition within the same crystal structure, have been used as model surfaces. Effects of surface composition on adsorption isotherms, elutability, and biological activity of the adsorbed protein layer have been studied using lysozyme, a model protein. Control over protein adsorption mechanisms using well-characterized surface properties could be used to predict the biological properties of surfaces, and engineer coatings for a desired response.
Effect of mechanically induced ventilation on the indoor air quality of building envelopes

Abstract Experiments were conducted to study the effect of mechanically induced fresh-air ventilation on the indoor air quality (IAQ) of the Tuskegee Healthy House (THH), selecting the outdoor weather conditions almost identical during the “fan OFF” and “fan ON” periods. Measurements of outdoor and indoor temperature and relative humidity (RH), in addition to the indoor dust particle concentration levels and interior wall moisture content, were systematically carried out during the summer month of August 2008. Results show that the effect of mechanically induced ventilation (“fan ON” period) is to raise the indoor RH, interior wall moisture content, and indoor dust particle concentration values significantly above those measured during the “fan OFF” period. The indoor temperature increases only slightly during the “fan ON” period.
The Common Criteria Meets Realpolitik: Trust, Alliances, and Potential Betrayal

The Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation aims to become a global standard for IT security certification. However, it faces challenges owing to its rigid framework, rapid technology changes, and the increased militarization of cyberspace.
Family coping: Helping families help themselves

D IRECT THOUGHTS about death or indirect thoughts about staying alive occupy more of a person’s time than any other subject.’ For the public and many professionals, the word cancer conjures up images of a relentless disease. Many illnesses with far worse prognoses are accepted with less dismay. The perception that cancer means death may precipitate a psychologic crisis that affects the entire family as well as the patient.2-5 At the time of diagnosis, emotional responses of anxiety, fear, depression, and helplessness surface. When a complication or a relapse occurs, especially if the patient becomes critically ill, the family members face not only the possible loss of a loved one but their own mortality as well. According to crisis theory, reactions are fashioned from 1 to 4 weeks after a diagnosis is confirmed.6 Strategies of coping surface and tend to persist and be reinforced throughout the clinical course of the illness.4 Adaptive coping results in quiescence or equilibrium.’ Coping includes achieving mastery, control, or resolution. Resolution refers to the degree to which the coping strategies succeed or fail. In the absence of adaptive coping, psychologic and, in some instances, physiologic deterioration develops.’ Therefore, support of family members in developing or capitalizing upon adaptive coping strategies is essential in order to avert a crisis state. Generally, a crisis state involves three factors.9 First, a hazardous event threatens an individual, such as a complication of cancer or its treatment. Second, the threat is interpreted in comparison with past experience, which may include any previous experiences related to cancer. Memories of past experiences may be a help or hindrance depending upon past success in resolving conflicts. Third, the strength of each person’s repertoire of coping strategies will influence the outcome. In dealing with the crisis precipitated by cancer,
Preklinische psychiatrie: diermodellen voor depressie

Hersenen zijn complex en het onderzoek naar de functie van de verschillende hersendelen is nog rudimentair, alle mooie verhalen en technische ontwikkelingen ten spijt. Hersenziekten, en dan vooral psychiatrische hersenziekten zoals depressie, zijn als we heel eerlijk zijn totaal onbegrepen. Dit komt het duidelijkst naar voren als we naar de farmacotherapie en de ontwikkelingen van nieuwe therapieen kijken. We hebben toevallig (serendipiteit) de eerste antidepressiva (tricyclisch) ontdekt en sinds die tijd is er geen echte vernieuwing meer opgetreden (zie ook het artikel van Minke Jongsma in Neuropraxis 4, 2006, 97–101). De nieuwere antidepressiva zijn vooral variaties op het oude thema en het is nog maar de vraag of we de komende vijftig jaar nieuwe doorbraken op dit gebied zullen doormaken. Diermodellen zullen een belangrijke bijdrage moeten leveren aan het verkrijgen van werkelijk nieuwe inzichten.
Correlation between intraoperative colonoscopy and virtual colonoscopy.

f s v s w a s t p c 6 63-year-old woman with a history of colon polyps and ersistently heme-positive stools underwent a colonoscopy at nother institution. The colonoscope could not traverse the plenic flexure of the colon because of sigmoid tortuosity. The atient then had CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy), hich revealed a fold in the cecum (A). To better visualize this uspicious fold, a repeat colonoscopy was attempted at our nstitution, but the cecum again could not be visualized beause of sigmoid tortuosity. To facilitate the colonoscopy, we performed laparocopic lysis of adhesions, freeing adhesions of the sigmoid olon to the small bowel and anterior abdominal wall. Inraoperative colonoscopy was then performed without dift
Phylogenetic Relationships of the New World Monkeys (Primates, Platyrrhini) Based on Nuclear G6PD DNA Sequences

Abstract In order to test hypotheses about the phylogenetic relationships among living genera of New World monkeys, 1.3 kb of DNA sequence information was collected for two introns of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) locus, encoded on the X chromosome, for 24 species of New World monkeys. These data were analyzed using a maximum parsimony algorithm. The strict consensus of the three most-parsimonious gene trees that result shows support for the following clades: a pitheciine clade includingCallicebuswithin whichChiropotesandCacajaoare sister taxa, anAlouatta–atelin clade within whichBrachytelesis the sister taxon ofLagothrixand which is sister to another clade containing the callitrichines, and a callitrichine/Aotus/Cebus/Saimiriclade. Within the callitrichines,Callimicois the sister taxon ofCallithrix. CebusandSaimiriform a clade. These results are broadly consistent with previously published DNA sequence analyses of platyrrhine phylogeny and provide additional support for groupings provisionally proposed in those earlier studies. Nevertheless, questions remain as to the relative phylogenetic placement ofLeontopithecusandSaguinus,the branching order within theAotus/Cebus/Saimiri/callitrichine clade, and the placement of the pitheciine clade relative to the atelines and the callitrichines.
Lipschitz continuity and Gateaux differentiability of the best approximation operator in vector-valued Chebyshev approximation

When G is a finite-dimensional Haar subspace of CX,R^k, the vector-valued functions (including complex-valued functions when k is 2) from a finite set X to Euclidean k-dimensional space, it is well-known that at any function f in CX,R^k the best approximation operator satisfies the strong unicity condition of order 2 and a Lipschitz (Holder) condition of order 12. This note shows that in fact the best approximation operator satisfies the usual Lipschitz condition of order 1 and has a Gateaux derivative on a dense set of functions in CX,R^k.
Community organizing: An ecological route to empowerment and power

An important contribution to empowerment theory and community psychology practice can be made by examining how the concept of social power is developed and manifested in the context of community organizing. Theory and practice may be further informed through an ecological analysis of organizing processes and interventions. Lessons from a national community organizing network highlight the relationship between empowerment and power through a set of organizing principles and a cycle of organizing activity. Perhaps most important is the understanding that a reciprocal relationship exists between development of power for community organizations and individual empowerment for organization members. Implications for empowerment theory in the community organizing domain are provided in a matrix adapted from Zimmerman's description of empowerment processes and outcomes at multiple levels of analysis.
Gas chromatography of retinol and α-tocopherol without derivatization

An improved gas chromatographic method for the analysis of retinol and α-tocopherol in biological samples is described. The use of cold on-column injection in combination with wall coated open tubular column gas chromatography eliminates thermal decomposition of vitamin A and yields efficient separations of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D2, D3, and E) without derivatization. Peak tailing was judged to be minimal. Vitamins were quantified by flame ionization detection responses down to 3.5 ng injected, and their identifies were confirmed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Extracts of biological samples were saponified, and sterols were removed using digitonin-impregnated celite chromatography before analysis by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recoveries of vitamins from a test diet ranged from 89 to 103%.
Autoimmune Hepatitis with Multiple Sclerosis and Graves Disease: Coincidence or Association

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a generally progressive, chronic hepatitis of unknown cause that occurs in children and adults of all ages. It is associated with a variety of autoimmune conditions like thyroid disorders (Hashimoto and Graves disease), celiac disease and multiple sclerosis (MS). We report the case of a 61-year-old woman with MS (untreated) and a history of Graves disease who presented with fatigue and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. She was admitted to our hospital for evaluation. Clinical and laboratory workup revealed AIH. She was successfully treated with prednisone and azathioprine, with complete clinical and laboratory improvement. However, to our knowledge there have been only a few reports of a possible association between AIH and untreated MS.
Attrition in longitudinal randomized controlled trials: home visits make a difference

Background Participant attrition in longitudinal studies can introduce systematic bias, favoring participants who return for follow-up, and increase the likelihood that those with complications will be underestimated. Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of home follow-up (Home F/U) to complete the final study evaluation on potentially “lost” participants by: 1) evaluating the impact of including and excluding potentially “lost” participants (e.g., those who required Home F/U to complete the final evaluation) on the rates of study complications; 2) examining the relationship between timing and number of complications on the requirement for subsequent Home F/U; and 3) determining predictors of those who required Home F/U.
Turbulent heat transfer in parallel flow boundary layers with streamwise step changes in surface conditions

This paper examines the convective heat/mass transfer behavior of a turbulent boundary layer with parallel streamlines. The most notable example of such flow is an atmospheric boundary layer with a steady mean wind in the absence of topography. The classic, two-dimensional problem involves the surface boundary condition of a finite-length step change in temperature/concentration in the streamwise direction of an atmospheric flow. In the literature on geophysical evapotranspiration, this problem is known as Sutton's problem (cf. Sutton, 1934, and Brutsaert, 1984). This flow situation is equally applicable to heat/mass transfer in solar ponds, ground solar collectors, and heated roadways, as examples. The present note revisits the Sutton problem, with the can Driest eddy diffusivity model, and expands the types of boundary conditions that are examined to include surface changes in temperature/concentration and fluxes. The parallel streamline condition allows for Graetz-type solutions, with boundary conditions at the surface and in the far flow field. The predicted results are presented as a series of power law correlations of the relevant nondimensional parameters.
Comparative glycomics of the glycoprotein follicle stimulating hormone: glycopeptide analysis of isolates from two mammalian species.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is one of the important hormones that regulate gonadal functions. This hormone is glycosylated, and the glycans greatly influence the biological properties. In the present study the negatively charged glycopeptides of equine and human pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (eFSH and hFSH) have been characterized in a glycosylation site-specific manner using FT-ICR-MS and Edman sequencing. The characteristic pattern of glycan distribution at each glycosylation site has been deduced and compared between horse and human FSH preparations. The data suggest that site-specific differences exist between glycoforms of human and equine FSH. For instance, except for one site in the β subunit (Asn7) of hFSH all other sites in both species have sulfated glycoforms. Also, glycoforms at Asn52 of hFSH are all complex type, whereas in eFSH, both complex and hybrid structures exist at this site. There is also a higher percentage of sulfated glycans in the latter site compared to the forme...
Deletion of a branch-point consensus sequence in the LMX1B gene causes exon skipping in a family with nail patella syndrome.

Deletion of a branch-point consensus sequence in the LMX1B gene causes exon skipping in a family with nail patella syndrome
Discrete Lyapunov Exponent and Differential Cryptanalysis

Partly motivated by the developments in chaos-based block cipher design, a definition of the discrete Lyapunov exponent for an arbitrary permutation of a finite lattice was recently proposed. We explore the relation between the discrete Lyapunov exponent and the maximum differential probability of a bijective mapping (i.e., an S-box or the mapping defined by a block cipher). Our analysis shows that "good" encryption transformations have discrete Lyapunov exponents close to the discrete Lyapunov exponent of a mapping that has a perfect nonlinearity. The converse does not hold.
Dynamic evolution of gases in the γ‐ and helium‐ion radiolyses of solid polymers

The dynamic evolution of gaseous hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide in the γ- and 4 He-ion radiolyses of solid polymers was investigated. The polymers used include low-density and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), Nylon 11, Nylon 6, and poly(dimer acid-co-alkyl polyamine). An inline quadrupole mass spectrometer was utilized to monitor the dynamic profiles of the gases produced in the radiolysis. One- and two-dimensional numerical diffusion models were developed to simulate and extract optimum diffusion coefficients and gas yields from the experimental dynamic gas profiles. It was found that the dynamic evolution of molecular hydrogen from the bulk polymer is controlled by its diffusion in most cases, such as CO 2 in poly(methyl methacrylate). In the γ radiolysis of some polymers such as low-density polyethylene and polypropylene, the dynamic evolution of methane is only partially controlled by the diffusion process, and some other postirradiation process is a factor. It is concluded that the simulation method developed in this article is helpful in understanding and predicting the mechanisms of gas evolution in the radiolysis of solid polymers.
A review of the packing problem

The random pazking problem has been of interest to inoestigsccrs in seveal disciplines , Physical chemists have investigaced such models in two and three dimensions, Because of aralytical difficulties, one-dimensional analogacs have been explored and theseare referred to as the parking problem, A number of results areexplored and attempts are made to tie them together, Applicationsare also highlighted.
Conditions for stability of nonanticipative two-dimensional recursive filters

Stability conditions are developed for a general class of nonanticipative two-dimensional digital filters which includes, but is not limited to, spatially causal filters. The conditions relate stability of filters with rational transfer functions to the behavior of their impulse response and lead to novel stability criteria applicable in the minimum mean-square design of two-dimensional filtering operations.