cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Delicate Dance: Negotiating the Doctor-Patient Relationship During Cancer Treatment

When I was diagnosed with cancer nearly 3 years ago, I sensed that I was about to enter a medical arena for which I was unprepared. Despite my relative comfort with medical issues, I was ill-equipped for the sense of urgency, the seemingly endless diagnostic tests, the masked fear of my health care providers, and the necessity of making swift yet well-informed decisions that might have meant the difference between life and death. I also discovered a unique partnership with the oncologist that I didn’t anticipate. I’ve noticed that cancer patients expect something more or different from oncologists than from other health care providers. We expect the oncologist to learn all there is to know about our particular cancer, no matter how rare or complex. We want and need more than the requisite 15minute visit. We expect the doctor to meet and interact with any number of people in our network of family and friends. We can be acutely sensitive to the actions and reactions of the oncologist. We need our oncologists to be confident, almost authoritative, when sharing their expertise, and simultaneously, we want them to be humble, kind, and simply “human.” We want them to tell us a bit about themselves, their families, and their interests. Sharing something about their lives helps to normalize ours. There’s a greater expectation than with other doctors that the oncologist will listen well, attend to verbal and nonverbal cues, interpret meaning, and say and do just the right thing at just the right time. I’m not certain what accounts for this expectation of our oncologists. Perhaps it’s standing on the precipice of life and death that contributes to this vulnerability. Or the sheer number of hours, weeks, months, or years the patient and oncologist might spend together. I’m not sure. I’ve come to recognize, however, that there is something distinctive that takes place in the patient–oncologist relationship that can impact the patient, and perhaps the oncologist, in unforeseeable ways. More than many other doctor–patient relationships, the oncology relationship has the potential to develop as a unique partnership in which lasting impressions, comfort, and new wisdom emerge. I have a deep appreciation for the relationship between the patient and oncologist, and for some of the metaphors associated with their joint efforts to treat and cure cancer. Though I know little about team sports, the notion of two (or more) people working together to beat an opposing side is appealing to me, and while war is distasteful, there’s no doubt that the image of battling and ultimately annihilating cancer is a very powerful one. Yet, it’s the metaphor of dance that most resonates with me. The oncologist and patient’s movement together through a sequence of both pre-
Constraints on planet formation via gravitational instability across cosmic time

We estimate the maximum temperature at which planets can form via gravitational instability (GI) in the outskirts of early circumstellar disks. We show that due to the temperature floor set by the cosmic microwave background, there is a maximum distance from their host stars beyond which gas giants cannot form via GI, which decreases with their present-day age. Furthermore, we show that planet formation via GI is not possible at metallicities < 10 −4 Z⊙, due to the reduced cooling efficiency of low-metallicity gas. This critical metallicity for planet formation via GI implies a minimum distance from their host stars of � 6 AU within which planets cannot form via GI; at higher metallicity, this minimum distance can be significantly larger, out to several tens of AU. We show that these maximum and minimum distances significantly constrain the number of observed planets to date that are likely to have formed via GI at their present locations. That said, the critical metallicity we find for GI is well below that for core accretion to operate; thus, the first planets may have formed via GI, although only within a narrow region of their host circumstellar disks.
A Diagnostic Dilemma: Cervical Cord Infarction Caused by Vertebral Artery Dissection and Mimicking a Demyelinating Disease (P03.136)

Objective: To report a unique case of an incomplete anterior spinal artery syndrome related to unilateral vertebral artery dissection, causing a partial anterior cervical cord infarction. Background Cervical cord infarction is less common than thoracolumbar cord infarction and accounts for 7-25% of spinal cord infarcts. Vertebral artery dissection is a rare cause of cervical cord infarction, especially in children. Design/Methods: A previously healthy 8-year-old boy developed acute left-sided weakness a few hours after he slipped and landed on his right knee without loss of consciousness or observed head trauma. In retrospect, he had neck pain for 3-4 days prior to the fall. His neurological exam revealed rightward end-gaze nystagmus, deviation of the uvula to the left, left-sided weakness (2-3/5), and decreased sensation to pinprick on the right side of the body without sensory loss to light touch or vibration bilaterally. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine showed an increased T2-weighted signal in the left cervical cord at the level of C3-C4 suggestive of demyelination. Brain MRI showed a symmetric increased T2-weighted signal in the medullary pyramids. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. He was initially treated with high dose steroids for three days. A follow-up cervical spine MRI revealed a new increased T2-weighted signal in the C4 vertebral body suggestive of ischemia. A computerized tomography (CT) angiogram of the head and neck revealed a non-occlusive dissection of the right intracranial vertebral artery at the level of foramen magnum. The child was started on therapeutic dose of enoxaparin. His weakness improved over a few days and he was ambulatory at the time of discharge. Conclusions: The diagnosis of cervical cord infarction from vertebral artery dissection requires a high level of suspicion, especially in children, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of partial anterior cervical cord syndrome. Disclosure: Dr. Hannawi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Parnes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhorne has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jarjour has nothing to disclose. Dr. Neul has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nassif has nothing to disclose.
Growth of diamond films on stainless steel

Abstract Continuous diamond films have been deposited on 304 stainless steel with a silicon intermediate layer by means of hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. The most serious problems for growing diamond films on ferrous metals are a long nucleation period, the catalytic effect of iron, and thermal expansion mismatch. In order to reduce these unwanted effects, three approaches have been adopted. First, an intermediate layer was used to block carbon diffusion, enhance adhesion and suppress sp 2 carbon formation. Second, oxygen-assisted low temperature deposition was used to minimized the thermal expansion effect and also avoid the phase transition of iron alloys. Third, initial and secondary nucleation was enhanced to yield small grain sizes in the continuous film. The morphology and quality of the deposited films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy respectively. Pull-off adhesion tests showed that the intermediate layer was strongly bonded to both the steel substrate and diamond film.
Some tests of the additivity (autoshaping) theory of behavioral contrast.

Two experiments were performed to determine whether the location of the discriminative stimuli affects the amount of positive behavioral contrast exhibited during discrimination learning by pigeons. When signals for reinforcement and nonreinforcement of keypecking were situated directly on the response key (different line tilts), pecking rates during the positive stimulus were higher than when the source of the signals was located elsewhere (changes in chamber illumination or auditory click frequency). These results are in general agreement with the additivity theory of behavioral contrast, which attributes contrast to the combined effects of stimulus-reinforcer and response-reinforcer correlations on behavior directed at signals of reinforcement. Some shortcomings of the theory were discussed, and the notion that behavioral contrast is a basic, unitary phenomenon was criticized.
Head trauma and subsequent brain tumors

A long term study of 2,953 persons with 29,859 person-years of follow-up after head injury provided an opportunity to investigate the long-debated association between head trauma and subsequent intracranial tumor. In this series the observed number of cases of subsequent brain tumor did not differ from the number we expected. Because brain tumors are relatively rare, the results of this large series cannot absolutely refute the possibility that head trauma predisposes to brain tumor, but the individual risk is very small, and the weight of evidence does not support an etiological association. The occurrence of subsequent brain tumors in this series was not associated with the severity or location of the head injury. Head trauma does not seem to be a significant etiological factor in meningioma; that tumor has a higher incidence in females, whereas males have 2- to 3-fold greater incidence of head trauma. If any association between head trauma and subsequent brain tumor does exist, it is extremely small or occurs only in the presence of other factors, which themselves must be rare.
Hybrid optoelectronic processor for wavelength division multiplexing

Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems using acoustic cells as dynamic diffraction gratings are proposed. The systems can alleviate the insertion loss caused by the wavelength drift. Thus, wavelength variation of light sources due to temperature changes can be compensated for. These systems also have the ability to control the intensity of the multiplexed beams by changing the power of the drive signal. Computer simulation results for multiplexing five channels in the 0.8 mu m region with 20-nm wavelength separation are presented. >
An in situ GISAXS study of selective solvent vapor annealing in thin block copolymer films: Symmetry breaking of in-plane sphere order upon deswelling

Thin films of asymmetric poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) block copolymers are studied by means of in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) during solvent vapor annealing in tetrahydrofuran, a solvent selective for the PS majority block of the copolymer. Upon swelling, PS-b-P4VP block copolymers form hexagonal arrays of spherical P4VP microdomains in a PS matrix in films 7–9 layers thick. Deswelling the films induces a transition from hexagonal to face-centered orthorhombic (fco) symmetry, which is stable only at ∼7 layers of spherical microdomains. Dry films show co-existing hexagonal and orthorhombic symmetries when the solvent is removed slowly, whereas instantaneous solvent removal suppresses the fco structure, resulting in films with only hexagonal structure. The in-plane order of microdomains is significantly deteriorated in dry films independent of the solvent removal rate.Spherical block copolymer microdomains are known to undergo a transition from hexagonal to orthorhombic packing in isothermally annealed thin films when the number of sphere layers is increased from 4 to 5. In this paper, in situ GISAXS experiments reveal that a similar transition occurs during solvent vapor annealing in a selective solvent. Interestingly, the transition from hexagonal to orthorhombic packing of spheres occurs as solvent is removed from a thin block copolymer film. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 331–338
Modulation of life-span by histone deacetylase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a limited life-span, which is measured by the number of divisions that individual cells complete. Among the many changes that occur as yeasts age are alterations in chromatin-dependent transcriptional silencing. We have genetically manipulated histone deacetylases to modify chromatin, and we have examined the effect on yeast longevity. Deletion of the histone deacetylase gene RPD3 extended life-span. Its effects on chromatin functional state were evidenced by enhanced silencing at the three known heterochromatic regions of the genome, the silent mating type (HM), subtelomeric, and rDNA loci, which occurred even in the absence of SIR3. Similarly, the effect of the rpd3Delta on life-span did not depend on an intact Sir silencing complex. In fact, deletion of SIR3 itself had little effect on life-span, although it markedly accelerated the increase in cell generation time that is observed during yeast aging. Deletion of HDA1, another histone deacetylase gene, did not result in life-span extension, unless it was combined with deletion of SIR3. The hda1Delta sir3Delta resulted in an increase in silencing, but only at the rDNA locus. Deletion of RPD3 suppressed the loss of silencing in rDNA in a sir2 mutant; however, the silencing did not reach the level found in the rpd3Delta single mutant, and RPD3 deletion did not overcome the life-span shortening seen in the sir2 mutant. Deletion of both RPD3 and HDA1 caused a decrease in life-span, which resulted from a substantial increase in initial mortality of the population. The expression of both of these genes declines with age, providing one possible explanation for the increase in mortality during the life-span. Our results are consistent with the loss of rDNA silencing leading to aging in yeast. The functions of RPD3 and HDA1 do not overlap entirely. RPD3 exerts its effect on chromatin at additional sites in the genome, raising the possibility that events at loci other than rDNA play a role in the aging process.
Investigating Models of Protein Function and Allostery With a Widespread Mutational Analysis of a Light-Activated Protein

To investigate the relationship between a protein's sequence and its biophysical properties, we studied the effects of more than 100 mutations in Avena sativa light-oxygen-voltage domain 2, a model protein of the Per-Arnt-Sim family. The A. sativa light-oxygen-voltage domain 2 undergoes a photocycle with a conformational change involving the unfolding of the terminal helices. Whereas selection studies typically search for winners in a large population and fail to characterize many sites, we characterized the biophysical consequences of mutations throughout the protein using NMR, circular dichroism, and ultra- violet/visible spectroscopy. Despite our intention to introduce highly disruptive substitutions, most had modest or no effect on function, and many could even be considered to be more photoactive. Substitutions at evolutionarily conserved sites can have minimal effect, whereas those at nonconserved positions can have large effects, contrary to the view that the effects of mutations, especially at conserved positions, are predictable. Using predictive models, we found that the effects of mutations on biophysical function and allostery reflect a complex mixture of multiple characteristics including location, character, electro- statics, and chemistry.
Securing Distributed Data Storage and Retrieval in Sensor Networks

Sensor networks have been an attractive platform for pervasive computing and communication. Due to the lack of physical protection, however, sensor networks are vulnerable to attacks if deployed in hostile environments. When a sensor network is under attack, the most fundamental concern is that information communicated or stored in the network remains safe. The past research has focused on securing information in communication, but how to secure information in storage has been generally overlooked. Meanwhile, distributed data storage and retrieval have become popular for efficient data management in sensor networks, which renders the absence of schemes for securing stored information to be a more severe problem. Hence, we propose in this paper three schemes to deal with the problem. All the schemes have the following properties: (i) only authorized entities can access data stored in the sensor network; (ii) the schemes are resilient to a large number of sensor node compromises. The second and the third schemes do not involve any centralized entity except for a few initialization or renewal operations, and thus support secure, distributed data storage and retrieval. The third scheme further provides high scalability and flexibility, and hence is most suitable in real applications. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed schemes have also been verified through extensive analysis and TOSSIM-based simulations
Gametophytes of Four Tropical, Terrestrial Huperzia Species (Lycopodiaceae)

Abstract The gametophytes of four tropical, terrestrial species of Huperzia – H. crassa, H. cumingii, H. hypogaea, and H. saururus – grow in axenic culture on a nutrient medium containing inorganic nutrients and glucose. The gametophytes of all species are dorsiventral, axial structures, which can be straight, curved, narrow, or wide. Paraphyses and gametangia form on the dorsal surface and rhizoids on the ventral surface. The apical meristem is overarched by immature dorsal tissue. Minor differences in the paraphyses and gametangia exist among the species. These gametophytes are Type III gametophytes as is the case for the previously described gametophytes of two other terrestrial species of Huperzia.
WHEN WE NEED A HUMAN: MOTIVATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF ANTHROPOMORPHISM

We propose that the tendency to anthropomorphize nonhuman agents is determined primarily by three factors (Epley, Waytz, & Cacioppo, 2007), two of which we test here: sociality motivation and effectance motivation. This theory makes unique predictions about dispositional, situational, cultural, and developmental variability in anthropomorphism, and we test two predictions about dispositional and situational influences stemming from both of these motivations. In particular, we test whether those who are dispositionally lonely (sociality motivation) are more likely to anthropomorphize well–known pets (Study 1), and whether those who have a stable need for control (effectance motivation) are more likely to anthropomorphize apparently unpredictable animals (Study 2). Both studies are consistent with our predictions. We suggest that this theory of anthropomorphism can help to explain when people are likely to attribute humanlike traits to nonhuman agents, and provides insight into the inverse process of dehuma...
Do bank internal capital markets promote lending

Abstract We analyze the relation between organization structure and bank lending. Loan growth among banks that are affiliated with a multi-bank holding company is shown to be less sensitive to the bank's cash flow, capital position and liquidity relative to unaffiliated banks. Our results, coupled with the recent findings of Houston et al. (Houston, J.F., James, C., Marcus, D., Journal of Financial Economics 46 (1997) 135–164.), suggest that bank holding companies establish internal capital markets in an attempt to allocate capital among their various subsidiaries. We also find that affiliated banks are more responsive to local market conditions than their unaffiliated counterparts. This finding suggests that despite the concerns raised regarding bank consolidation – affiliated banks are willing to lend in local markets as long as the opportunities are there.
The visual function assessment: from birth to the follow up

Background Preterm infants have a high risk to develop visual deficits due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), brain lesionsand prematurity per se [1]. The possibility to assess different aspects of visual function can allow early and specific intervention in an attempt to reduce the risk of difficulties in motor coordination, attention and learning at school age. The aim is to identify early signs of visual and motorperceptual deficit in the first years in order to program a specific intervention before school age.
All Three Vasopressin Receptor Sub-Types are Expressed by Small-Cell Carcinoma

We have demonstrated that vasopressin gene-related products are universal lineage markers of small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) and vasopressin is therefore most likely produced by all small-cell tumors1,2. This peptide has been found by others to promote tumor growth3,4. Such a mitogenic role, that involves Ca2+ mobilization and increases in MAP kinase activity, has been presumed by several investigators to be exercised through a single vasopressin receptor sub-type, namely the V1a receptor. In addition, a possible explanation advanced for the Ca2+ refractiveness to vasopressin of variant (dedifferentiated and drug-resistant) SCCL was a lost capacity to express this receptor5. However, we recently demonstrated that functional V­1, receptors are present in both classical and variant SCCL6. We have now employed the techniques of RT-PCR, cloning, DNA sequencing, Northern analysis, and Western analysis, to examine the capacity of both classical and variant forms of SCCL to produce all three vasopressin receptor sub-types, namely V 1a receptors, V1b receptors, and V2 receptors.
Undead Precedent: The Curse of a Holding 'Limited to its Facts'

Courts often limit a holding to its facts, but the meaning and extent of this restriction is ambiguous and confusing. This Article examines several cases to distill two situations in which courts limit a holding to its facts: when the court does not intend to issue a general rule but only dicta, and when courts have begun the process of implicitly overruling prior opinions. To help achieve the goals of stare decisis, the Article recommends that courts be more specific and direct when they want to constrain the precedential value of a new opinion and when they overrule prior opinions.
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: a test case for precision medicine

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is characterized by the clinical triad of scapulohumeroperoneal muscle weakness, joint contractures, and cardiac defects that include arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy. Although there is a defining group of clinical findings, the proteins responsible and their underlying gene defects leading to EDMD are varied. A common aspect of the gene defects is their involvement in, or with, the nuclear envelope. Treatment approaches are largely based on clinical symptoms. The genetic diversity of EDMD predicts that a cure will ultimately depend upon the individual's defect at the gene level, making this an ideal candidate for a precision medicine approach.
Regulation of membrane potential and diameter by voltage-dependent K+ channels in rabbit myogenic cerebral arteries

The hypothesis that voltage-dependent K+ channels are involved in the regulation of arterial smooth muscle membrane potential and blood vessel diameter was tested by examining the effects of inhibitors [4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP)] of voltage-dependent K+ channels on the membrane potential and diameter of pressurized small (100- to 300-microns diam) cerebral arteries from rabbit. In response to graded elevations in transmural pressure (20-100 mmHg), the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells in these arteries depolarized and the arteries constricted. 4-AP (1 mM) and 3,4-DAP (1 mM) depolarized cerebral arteries by 19 and 21 mV, respectively, when they were subjected to a transmural pressure of 80 mmHg. 3-Aminopyridine (3-AP, 1 mM), which is a relatively poor inhibitor of voltage-dependent K+ channels, depolarized smooth muscle cells in the arteries by 1 mV. 4-AP and 3,4-DAP constricted pressurized (to 80 mmHg) cerebral arteries. 3-AP had little effect on arterial diameter. 4-AP increased the arterial constriction to transmural pressure over a wide range of pressures (40-90 mmHg). The effects of 4-AP and 3,4-DAP on membrane potential and diameter were not prevented by inhibitors of calcium channels, calcium-activated K+ channels, ATP-sensitive K+ channels, inward rectifier K+ channels, blockers of adrenergic, serotonergic, muscarinic, and histaminergic receptors, or removal of the endothelium. These results suggest that voltage-dependent K+ channels are involved in the regulation of membrane potential and response of small cerebral arteries to changes in intravascular pressure.
Simultaneous Estimation of the Supply and Demand of Auditor Reputation in the Market for Initial Public Offerings

This study investigates factors that determine the choice of auditor in the market for new issues of securities. While ex post benefits of selecting a high reputation auditor are well documented in the literature (e.g., higher IPO proceeds), researchers have had less success in establishing the ex ante determinants of the demand for auditor reputation. To address this problem, we use an improved research design which explicitly considers the confounding supply side effects of audit fees on demand. We specify a system of simultaneous equations and utilize a two-stage generalized least squares estimation procedure to investigate the determinants of the demand for auditor reputation (proxied by auditor size) in the market for initial public offerings. Using a sample of firms issuing securities between 1991 and 1994, we find that audit fees are an important variable omitted in previous audit demand studies and that audit fees and demand are endogenously determined. We find that the demand for auditor reputation is inversely related to the ownership percentage retained by the entrepreneur/owners and to the proportion of the IPO proceeds used for investment purposes. Additionally, the demand for auditor reputation is found to be inversely related to a measure of firm-specific risk reflecting the likelihood that the issuing company will fail within three years following the IPO.
Plasma lipids level and its change trend in urban residents of Guangdong province

Objective To examine the levels and change trend of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and high density lipoprotein cholesterolo(HDL-C)among urban residents aged 6 years and older in Guangdong province.Methods Plasma lipids of 3 601 subjects aged6 years and older were determined.Results The mean of TG,TC and HDL-C were 1.44 mmol/L,4.87 mmol/L and 1.38 mmol/L,respectively.The levels of TG,TC and HDL-C were increased with the increment of age.The means of TG and TC among the urban women aged 55 years and older were higher than those in men.The mean of HDL-C in women of most of age groups was higher than that in men.The prevalence of high TG was higher for urban residents aged45to65 years.The prevalence of high TC increased with the increment of age.The prevalence of low HDL-C declined with the increase of age.Conclusion The levels of plasma lipids in urban residents of Guangdong province increased in the last decade.Special attention should be paid to higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia among the men aged 45 years and over and women aged 55 years and over.
Automatic cortical representation of auditory pitch changes in Rett syndrome

Over the typical course of Rett syndrome, initial language and communication abilities deteriorate dramatically between the ages of 1 and 4 years, and a majority of these children go on to lose all oral communication abilities. It becomes extremely difficult for clinicians and caretakers to accurately assess the level of preserved auditory functioning in these children, an issue of obvious clinical import. Non-invasive electrophysiological techniques allow for the interrogation of auditory cortical processing without the need for overt behavioral responses. In particular, the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) provides an excellent and robust dependent measure of change detection and auditory sensory memory. Here, we asked whether females with Rett syndrome would produce the MMN to occasional changes in pitch in a regularly occurring stream of auditory tones. Fourteen girls with genetically confirmed Rett syndrome and 22 age-matched neurotypical controls participated (ages 3.9–21.1 years). High-density electrophysiological recordings from 64 scalp electrodes were made while participants passively listened to a regularly occurring stream of 503-Hz auditory tone pips that was occasionally (15 % of presentations) interrupted by a higher-pitched deviant tone of 996 Hz. The MMN was derived by subtracting the AEP to these deviants from the AEP produced to the standard. Despite clearly anomalous morphology and latency of the AEP to simple pure-tone inputs in Rett syndrome, the MMN response was evident in both neurotypicals and Rett patients. However, we found that the pitch-evoked MMN was both delayed and protracted in duration in Rett, pointing to slowing of auditory responsiveness. The presence of the MMN in Rett patients suggests preserved abilities to process pitch changes in auditory sensory memory. This work represents a beginning step in an effort to comprehensively map the extent of auditory cortical functioning in Rett syndrome. These easily obtained objective brain measures of auditory processing have promise as biomarkers against which future therapeutic efforts can be assayed.
VXIplug&play WIN framework introduction

As computer technology races forward, automated test and measurement systems are becoming more capable and complex. Industry standards such as GPIB and VXI allow instruments and computers from many vendors to be combined into an integrated system. The next challenge is to integrate major software components into a test system just as easily and with the same level of interoperability. VXIplug&play standards address the unique requirements of integrating software components into a test system. The WIN System Framework defines a necessary and sufficient set of components and interfaces which allow software developed by different vendors to be integrated into a single system. It also defines a minimum level of functionality so that end users have the tools required to be successful in system integration.
Allogeneic or Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients with Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL).

Abstract Thirty six patients (pts) with NHL, aged 3.5–20.9 years (median 14.7 years) received an allo-SCT (n=21) or auto-SCT (n=15) at our institution between 12/82 and 12/04. Pathologic NHL classification included: lymphoblastic (n=12), Burkitt's (n=5), Large Cell (n=17) including ki-1 + (n=11), peripheral NHL (n=1), and undifferentiated NHL (n=1). Disease status at SCT was: first remission (CR1) (n=1), CR2 (n=15), CR3 (n=5), partial remission (n=7), relapse (Rel) or refractory (Ref) (n=8). Cytoreductive regimens were total body irradiation (TBI)-based for all but 3 pts in each of the allo-SCT and auto-SCT group. For the allo-SCT pts, donors were: matched related (n=15), mismatched related (n=1), and unrelated (n=5); graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis included T-cell depletion (TCD) (n=10) or post-BMT immunosuppression (n=11). Only one pt received a non-myeloablative allo-SCT. With one pt in the allo-SCT group lost to follow-up, 35 of 36 pts in the entire cohort were evaluable. The median follow up of the entire group was 21.5 months; it was 34 months and 20 months respectively for the allo-SCT and the auto-SCT groups. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 56% and 54%, respectively. Ten of the 11 pts with ki-1 positive NHL are alive, disease-free after either allo-SCT (n=4) or auto-SCT (n=7) with a median follow-up of 26 months. The DFS for those patients transplanted in CR was 60% compared to 49% for those transplanted in either PR or Rel/Ref disease. Of the eight pts transplanted with progressive disease, 2 are alive, disease-free at 110 and 115 months; both pts post allo-SCT. For the allo-SCT group, the DFS was 52%. Seven pts relapsed, 4 of whom had Rel/Ref disease at the time of SCT. Four pts died of SCT-related complications. Five pts developed Grade II–IV aGvHD. For the auto-SCT group, the DFS was 53%. Two pts relapsed, and 2 pts died of toxicity. In summary, both allo-SCT and auto-SCT offer the prospect of durable disease-free survival for a significant proportion of pediatric patients with NHL after a first relapse or disease progression. In particular, those pts with ki-1-positive NHL had the most favorable outcome. As expected, pts transplanted in minimal residual disease achieved superior DFS. Results N CR/PR Rel/Ref Relapse TRM DFS Allo-SCT 21 11/4 6 33% 20% 52% Auto-SCT 15 10/3 2 13% 13% 53%
Comparative Institutions and Management Resiliency in Latin American Small-Scale Fisheries

Abstract Encroachment by commercial fleets on small-scale fishing territories throughout Latin America over the last half-century is increasing inter-sector conflict. Small-scale fishery production is crucial to communities that rely on fish as a key source of protein in daily consumption and for supplying increased demand. As the continued viability of local management is threatened, we need to properly understand under what conditions informal institutions are resilient. Seven published Latin American case studies test which model management principles correlate with resilience. Shoreline exchange is identified as an effective practice promoting reciprocity and rapid collective action in the face of external threats.
Willingness to express emotion depends upon perceiving partner care

ABSTRACTTwo studies document that people are more willing to express emotions that reveal vulnerabilities to partners when they perceive those partners to be more communally responsive to them. In Study 1, participants rated the communal strength they thought various partners felt toward them and their own willingness to express happiness, sadness and anxiety to each partner. Individuals who generally perceive high communal strength from their partners were also generally most willing to express emotion to partners. Independently, participants were more willing to express emotion to particular partners whom they perceived felt more communal strength toward them. In Study 2, members of romantic couples independently reported their own felt communal strength toward one another, perceptions of their partners’ felt communal strength toward them, and willingness to express emotions (happiness, sadness, anxiety, disgust, anger, hurt and guilt) to each other. The communal strength partners reported feeling towar...
Reprint of: Thawing frozen capital markets and backdoor bailouts: Evidence from the Fed's liquidity programs

Abstract During the subprime crisis, the Federal Reserve introduced several emergency liquidity programs as supplements to the discount window (DW): TAF, PDCF, and TSLF. Using data on loans to large commercial banks and primary dealers, we find that the programs were used by relatively few institutions and thus provided limited relief to banks that relied on short-term debt markets. Although usage increased after Lehman's bankruptcy, most commercial banks avoided the DW and TAF. We also find that the programs were more often used by failed European banks than by healthy US banks, likely because these loans are expensive relative to private market funds. Our results also show that usage of PDCF and TSLF programs, while higher, was more often used by primary dealers in weaker financial position.
Design and test of biologically inspired multi-fiber Hydro Muscle actuated ankle

Advancements in robotics are expected to have a profound impact on the economy, industry, jobs, education, health, warfare, space and planetary exploration etc. Progress in fields like Biomechatronics has the potential to further redefine the notion of human identity. An experimental platform for study of a biologically inspired muscular aproach to joint actuation by synthetic Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Tibialis Anterior muscles has been designed and the prototype tested. Three major lower leg muscle groups, that actuate a one degree of freedom ankle, have a multi-fiber composition allowing for active control of stiffness and force similar to recruitment in biological muscles. Muscle fibers actuating the lower leg utilize Hydro Muscle technology; fibers efficiently elongate when internal fluid, either water or air, is pressurized and contract when pressure is relieved. In contrast to the Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM), McKibben artificial muscle, the Hydro Muscle can achieve strains identical to and even beyond a biological muscle. The viscoelastic properties of muscle fibers are also characterized. Results of preliminary position, stiffness, and force tests suggest that a substantial range of biological muscle performance can be achieved by the proposed muscle fiber recruitment approach. This platform could also provide a basis to create more realistic prosthetic legs that are able to mimic properly the form and movements of a human leg, allowing for not only better prosthetic integration but also more biologically accurate humanoid robotics. Furthermore this soft robotics platform allows for safer interaction and interface with the human body. The Hydro Muscle is an inexpensive actuator that could help reduce the high cost of current robotic options, allowing for a more wide spread adoption by society.
Decline in the acute insulin response in relationship to plasma glucose concentrations.

Background To investigate (1) whether the decline in acute insulin response (AIR) precedes or coincides with defined glucose regulation categories and whether acute insulin response decline varies by race and adiposity, (2) linearity of the relationship between acute insulin response and increasing plasma glucose concentrations, (3) longitudinal changes in acute insulin response accounting for changes in insulin action across categories of glucose tolerance. Methods Clinical cross-sectional and longitudinal study of nondiabetic subjects. Inpatient assessment of oral glucose tolerance (2-h PG, fasting PG), and acute insulin response (intravenous glucose tolerance test) in 326 and 84 Native Americans of full and ≤6/8th Southwestern heritage, respectively, and 115 Whites. Linearity of acute insulin response vs plasma glucose concentrations investigated using spline analyses. Follow-up (average = 2.07 years) glucose tolerance, acute insulin response, and insulin action (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) assessed in 230 full Native Americans. Results In certain groups, the relationship between acute insulin response and increasing plasma glucose levels was non-linear. In all groups, acute insulin response decline preceded the cut-offs for traditional glucose regulation categories, although the timing with respect to increasing plasma glucose varied by race and adiposity. Longitudinal data indicated that improvement in insulin action is the key factor to preserve insulin secretion, underlying the reversion of glucose tolerance in prediabetic individuals. Conclusions With worsening insulin action, the decline in insulin secretion occurred prior to current diagnostic guidelines for impaired glucose regulation. However, the relationship between acute insulin response and increasing plasma glucose varies and was not always non-linear. Understanding the dynamics of this relationship may determine when to initiate preventive pharmacotherapy directed at the preservation of β-cell failure.
'Memorcise': implications for patient compliance and medication adherence.

In the last 6 years (since 2011), there has been a deceleration in the decline of mortality rates from cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and stroke [1]. Not surprisingly, there has also been a...
DisTenC: A Distributed Algorithm for Scalable Tensor Completion on Spark

How can we efficiently recover missing values for very large-scale real-world datasets that are multi-dimensional even when the auxiliary information is regularized at certain mode? Tensor completion is a useful tool to recover a low-rank tensor that best approximates partially observed data and further predicts the unobserved data by this low-rank tensor, which has been successfully used for many applications such as location-based recommender systems, link prediction, targeted advertising, social media search, and event detection. Due to the curse of dimensionality, existing algorithms for tensor completion that integrate auxiliary information do not scale for tensors with billions of elements. In this paper, we propose DisTenC, a new distributed large-scale tensor completion algorithm that can be distributed on Spark. Our key insights are to (i) efficiently handle trace-based regularization terms; (ii) update factor matrices with caching; and (iii) optimize the update of the new tensor via residuals. In this way, we can tackle the high computational costs of traditional approaches and minimize intermediate data, leading to order-of-magnitude improvements in tensor completion. Experimental results demonstrate that DisTenC is capable of handling up to 10~1000X larger tensors than existing methods with much faster convergence rate, shows better linearity on machine scalability, and achieves up to an average improvement of 23.5% in accuracy in applications.
From medical school to mission: the ethics of international medical volunteerism.

The editor, whose interest in international health and medical ethics began after she volunteered at a rural health clinic in Haiti as an undergraduate, introduces an issue on medical student volunteerism abroad. . Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Investor Overconfidence, Turnover, Volatility and the Disposition Effect: A Study Based on Price Target Updates

This paper analyzes the interaction between investor overconfidence, share turnover, return volatility and the disposition effect. I create a measure for investor overconfidence using posted price target updates retrieved from Yahoo!Finance online message boards. I find that posters are slow to adjust price targets to changes in underlying stock prices. These updating patterns appear to be suboptimal when contrasted with realized return and sell-side analyst benchmarks. I further find that the overconfidence exhibited by posters is strongly associated with share turnover, return volatility, and the magnitude of the disposition effect. The results in this paper add to our understanding of the link between behavioral biases and investor and stock-level anomalies in financial markets.
A rapid bioanalytical tool for detection of sequence-specific circular DNA and mitochondrial DNA point mutations

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been an essential cause of numerous diseases, making their identification critically important. The majority of mtDNA screening techniques require polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, enzymatic digestion, and denaturation procedures, which are laborious and costly. Herein, we developed a sensitive PCR-free electrokinetic-based sensor combined with a customized bis-peptide nucleic acid (bis-PNA) and gamma-PNA (γ-PNA) probes immobilized on beads, for the detection of mtDNA point mutations and sequence-specific supercoiled plasmid DNA at the picomolar range. The probes are capable of invading the double-stranded circular DNA and forming a stable triplex structure. Thus, this method can significantly reduce the sample preparation and omit the PCR amplification steps prior to sensing. Further, this bioanalytical tool can open up a new paradigm in clinical settings for the screening of double-stranded circular nucleic acids with a single-base mismatch specificity in a rapid and sensitive manner.
Assessing Relationships Between Muslim Physicians' Religiosity and End-of-Life Health-Care Attitudes and Treatment Recommendations: An Exploratory National Survey.

Background:Research demonstrates that the attitudes of religious physicians toward end-of-life care treatment can differ substantially from their nonreligious colleagues. While there are various re...
Elliptical Orbit Proximity Operations Differential Games

Differential games are formulated and solved for an inspector satellite operating nearby a resident space object (RSO) in an elliptical orbit. For each differential game, the goal of the inspector ...
Linearity and correction of the BF effect in LSST sensors

The Brighter-Fatter (hereafter BF) effect in CCD sensors causes increases in the image size of bright objects due to electrostatic repulsion of collected charges. Correcting this effect in the LSST camera is required in order to meet the science goals of the project, especially galaxy shape measurements for weak lensing. The current plan for BF image correction in the LSST is to use the deconvolution method described in Coulton, this http URL. [1]. In this work, we study the linearity of the BF effect and effectiveness of the Coulton correction, using both simulation tools and measurements made on prototype LSST CCDs from both CCD vendors. We conclude that the proposed image correction method may be adequate to meet the LSST science goals, although more work is needed on the algorithms used to generate the image correction kernel from sensor measurements.
Insights into the displacement field in magnetoelectric composites

The performance of strain-mediated magnetoelectric composite multiferroics hinges on the interface condition in both direct and converse coupling paradigms. The objective of this article is to repo...
Estimating Probabilities of Success of Clinical Trials for Vaccines and Other Anti-Infective Therapeutics

A key driver in biopharmaceutical investment decisions is the probability of success of a drug development program. We estimate the probabilities of success (PoS) of clinical trials for vaccines and other anti-infective therapeutics using 43,414 unique triplets of clinical trial, drug, and disease between January 1, 2000, and January 7, 2020, yielding 2,544 vaccine programs and 6,829 non-vaccine programs targeting infectious diseases. The overall estimated PoS for an industry-sponsored vaccine program is 39.6%, and 16.3% for an industry-sponsored anti-infective therapeutic. Among industry-sponsored vaccines programs, only 12 out of 27 disease categories have seen at least one approval, with the most successful being against monkeypox (100%), rotavirus (78.7%), and Japanese encephalitis (67.6%). The three infectious diseases with the highest PoS for industry-sponsored non-vaccine therapeutics are smallpox (100%), CMV (31.8%), and onychomycosis (29.8%). Non-industry-sponsored vaccine and non-vaccine development programs have lower overall PoSs: 6.8% and 8.2%, respectively. Viruses involved in recent outbreaks---MERS, SARS, Ebola, Zika---have had a combined total of only 45 non-vaccine development programs initiated over the past two decades, and no approved therapy to date (Note: our data was obtained just before the COVID-19 outbreak and do not contain information about the programs targeting this disease.) These estimates offer guidance both to biopharma investors as well as to policymakers seeking to identify areas most likely to be undeserved by private-sector engagement and in need of public-sector support.
Zoning – Neighborhood Character and Historic Overlays in Lexington, KY

Zoning has a significant impact on our built environment. Overlay zoning, an additional form of restrictive zoning, is a tool that municipalities utilize to control development. This study analyzes the impact that historic district (H-1) and neighborhood character (ND-1) overlays have on single family home sale price in Lexington, KY. Results suggest that overlays have a significant positive impact on home prices. Homes within overlays can expect to have a premium of between 18-27% over comparable homes not in overlay zones. Results also suggest that overlays exhibit spatial impacts that extend further than the homes included in the overlay.
The isolation of doctoral education in the times of COVID-19: recommendations for building relationships within person-environment theory

In this reflective essay, we consider the impact of COVID-19 on doctoral education in terms of relationship-building, academic progress, and future directions. We share experiences and practices re...