cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What's at STEAK? Exploring engineering methodologies to identify existing generational boundaries impeding the strategic transfer of engineering and architectural knowledge (STEAK)

This paper aims to explore the premise that without proper identification of the engineering generational knowledge transfer boundaries, there will be a significant loss of engineering knowledge. In order to share or transfer pertinent engineering knowledge at a pace equivalent to the increase in engineering retirements, the engineering generational knowledge transfer boundary must be clearly identified and defined. Identifying these boundaries will enable the strategic transfer of engineering and architectural knowledge (STEAK) across generational boundaries. Existing knowledge transfer boundary frameworks, models and methodologies will be explored to clearly identify the engineering generational knowledge transfer boundaries and create a STEAK Model. Relevant knowledge management methodologies can also be incorporated and used to categorize a set of core techniques to be used in this knowledge management process. The methodologies used to develop the STEAK Model will be aimed at bringing knowledge management benefits to an engineering organization. This model will be used to identify and illustrate a knowledge transfer structure that integrates engineering generational knowledge. This “inherent approach” will also be used to evaluate the implications associated with the loss of required knowledge held by exiting engineers if this knowledge is not imparted to incoming inexperienced engineers.
DC-SIGN Binds to HIV-1 Glycoprotein 120 in a Distinct but Overlapping Fashion Compared with ICAM-2 and ICAM-3

Abstract DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin that binds to endogenous adhesion molecules ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 as well as the viral envelope glycoprotein human immunodeficiency virus, type 1, glycoprotein (gp) 120. We wished to determine whether DC-SIGN binds differently to its endogenous ligands ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 versus HIV-1 gp120. We found that recombinant soluble DC-SIGN bound to gp120-Fc more than 100- and 50-fold better than ICAM-2-Fc and ICAM-3-Fc, respectively. This relative difference was maintained using DC-SIGN expressed on three different CD4-negative cell lines. Although the cell surface affinity for gp120 varied by up to 4-fold on the cell lines examined, the affinity for gp120 was not a correlate of the ability of the cell line to transfer virus. Monosaccharides with equatorial 4-OH groups competed as well as d-mannose for gp120 binding to DC-SIGN, regardless of how the other hydroxyl groups were positioned. Disaccharide competitors and glycan chip analysis showed that DC-SIGN has a preference for oligosaccharides linked in an α-anomeric configuration. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of DC-SIGN revealed that highly conserved residues that coordinate calcium (Asp-366) and/or are involved in both calcium and specific carbohydrate interactions (Glu-347, Asn-349, Glu-354, and Asp-355) significantly compromised binding to all three ligands. Mutating non-conserved residues (Asn-311, Arg-345, Val-351, Gly-352, Glu-353, Ser-360, Gly-361, and Asn-362) minimally affected binding except for the Asp-367 mutant, which enhanced gp120 binding but diminished ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 binding. Conversely, mutating the moderately conserved residue (Gly-346) abrogated gp120 binding but enhanced ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 binding. Thus, DC-SIGN appears to bind in a distinct but overlapping manner to gp120 when compared with ICAM-2 and ICAM-3.
Lessons from a gene regulatory network: echinoderm skeletogenesis provides insights into evolution, plasticity and morphogenesis

Significant new insights have emerged from the analysis of a gene regulatory network (GRN) that underlies the development of the endoskeleton of the sea urchin embryo. Comparative studies have revealed ways in which this GRN has been modified (and conserved) during echinoderm evolution, and point to mechanisms associated with the evolution of a new cell lineage. The skeletogenic GRN has also recently been used to study the long-standing problem of developmental plasticity. Other recent findings have linked this transcriptional GRN to morphoregulatory proteins that control skeletal anatomy. These new studies highlight powerful new ways in which GRNs can be used to dissect development and the evolution of morphogenesis.
Novel Components of the Flagellar System in Epsilonproteobacteria

ABSTRACT Motility is essential for the pathogenesis of many bacterial species. Most bacteria move using flagella, which are multiprotein filaments that rotate propelled by a cell wall-anchored motor using chemical energy. Although some components of the flagellar apparatus are common to many bacterial species, recent studies have shown significant differences in the flagellar structures of different bacterial species. The molecular bases for these differences, however, are not understood. The flagella from epsilonproteobacteria, which include the bacterial pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori, are among the most divergent. Using next-generation sequencing combined with transposon mutagenesis, we have conducted a comprehensive high-throughput genetic screen in Campylobacter jejuni, which identified several novel components of its flagellar system. Biochemical analyses detected interactions between the identified proteins and known components of the flagellar machinery, and in vivo imaging located them to the bacterial poles, where flagella assemble. Most of the identified new components are conserved within but restricted to epsilonproteobacteria. These studies provide insight into the divergent flagella of this group of bacteria and highlight the complexity of this remarkable structure, which has adapted to carry out its conserved functions in the context of widely diverse bacterial species. IMPORTANCE Motility is essential for the normal physiology and pathogenesis of many bacterial species. Most bacteria move using flagella, which are multiprotein filaments that rotate propelled by a motor that uses chemical energy as fuel. Although some components of the flagellar apparatus are common to many bacterial species, recent studies have shown significant divergence in the flagellar structures across bacterial species. However, the molecular bases for these differences are not understood. The flagella from epsilonproteobacteria, which include the bacterial pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori, are among the most divergent. We conducted a comprehensive genetic screen in Campylobacter jejuni and identified several novel components of the flagellar system. These studies provide important information to understand how flagella have adapted to function in the context of widely diverse sets of bacterial species and bring unique insight into the evolution and function of this remarkable bacterial organelle.
Gender and Evacuation: A Closer Look at Why Women are More Likely to Evacuate for Hurricanes

Studies of hurricane evacuation have often noted that women are more likely than men to evacuate, yet few examined those differences and tried to explain them. This paper undertakes a series of bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine the relationship between evacuation and gendered variations in socioeconomic status, care-giving roles in the household, evacuation incentives, exposure to risks, and perception of risk. A series of hypotheses is developed and tested in order to help explain why women are more likely than men to evacuate. The data used come from a cross-sectional survey of 1,050 coastal North Carolina households affected by Hurricane Bonnie, which made landfall near Wilmington, NC, on August 25, 1998. Results from a series of bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicate that women are more likely to evacuate than men because of socially constructed gender differences in care-giving roles, access to evacuation incentives, exposure to risk, and perceived risk. We find, in part, that women are most likely to evacuate because, compared to men, they live at greater exposure to risk and have a heightened perception of risk. Yet, those men who are at greater risk and do perceive heightened risk are more likely to evacuate than women with comparable risk exposure and perception. Future studies of disaster response should distinguish clearly between the intention to evacuate and the capacity to do so.
Variations in Solubility of Barley β-Glucan During Malting and Impact on Levels of β-Glucan in Wort and Beer

The solubility of β-glucan was monitored in barley during malting, as were the effects of mashing conditions on the levels of β-glucan in wort and beer derived from well and poorly modified malts. ...
Quasi Steady Capillary Corner Flow

It is possible to drain slender containers filled with wetting liquids via capillary flows along the interior corners of the container. Usually the well established equations governing such flows demand numerical techniques. In the case of container draining unique boundary conditions resulting from local section geometry allow for a quasi-steady assumption and in turn permit analytical solutions. The quasi-steady assumption may also be employed for certain problems in which the corner flows cause passive capillary migration of the fluid within the container. The analytic solutions are useful because of the ease in which geometric effects may be observed. Container draining and capillary migration by means of corner flows are studied in a variety of container geometries. It is shown that careful selection of cross sectional shape can be used to maximize drain rates and minimize capillary migration times. Three-dimensional effects for these flows are investigated in tapering containers. Some simple micro-scale experiments are reported that provide confidence in the assumptions and application of the important boundary conditions that enable the solutions.
Is there an en route folding intermediate for cold shock proteins

Cold shock proteins (Csps) play an important role in cold shock response of a diverse number of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Numerous studies of the Csp from various species showed that a two-state folding mechanism is conserved and the transition state (TS) appears to be very compact. However, the atomic details of the folding mechanism of Csp remain unclear. This study presents the folding mechanism of Csp in atomic detail using an all-atom Go model-based simulations. Our simulations predict that there may exist an en route intermediate, in which β strands 1-2-3 are well ordered and the contacts between β1 and β4 are almost developed. Such an intermediate might be too unstable to be detected in the previous fluorescence energy transfer experiments. The transition state ensemble has been determined from the Pfold analysis and the TS appears even more compact than the intermediate state.
Social Class and Delinquency in Cross-Cultural Perspective:

In advanced industrial societies, the probability of delinquent status is associated with the lowest social strata, and the probability of lower-class status is associated with the most serious forms of delinquency. Otherwise, the class-crime relationship is a myth. Class-based theories are more likely to find empirical support in less developed societies where people are classified at birth into groups with distinct views of life, distinct values, and distinct socialization practices. Since education plays a part in minimizing these differences, access to the school system also plays a part in this minimization. In Korea, official statistics indicate that criminal behavior is largely confined to the lower class. The findings of a self-report study of 418 middle and high school youth in Seoul showed that access to the regular school system tended to reduce involvement of lower class boys in delinquent behavior. Apart from access to the educational system, the probability of delinquent status is associated...
Studies on the regulation of granulopoiesis. 3. Neutrophil kinetics in irradiation-induced neutropenia.

Summary. Tritiated thymidine autoradiography was used to study the control of granulocyte production and release using the irradiated leg shielded mouse as an experimental model. Neutropenia resulted in a shortening of 24–36 hr in the mean transit time through the non-proliferating granulocyte compartment. There was little difference between neutropenic and control animals in labelling indices of the cells in the proliferative granulocyte compartments, which suggests that the granulocytic hyperplasia observed in the neutropenic mice was predominantly due to differentiation of morphologically unrecognizable precursor cells rather than increased proliferation of morphologically recognizable cells. The persistence of a labelling index of approximately 60% in the myeloblast-promyelocyte compartment 24 hr after injection suggests that these precursor cells were rapidly proliferating.
Evolution in reverse: engineering a D-xylose-specific xylose reductase.

Xylitol (1) is a pentitol and is used not only as a sweetener but also as a platform chemical for the production of industrially important chemicals. As a sweetener, it has been shown to possess several favorable properties in comparison to other sugar substitutes, such as anticariogenicity, good gastrointestinal tolerance, low caloric content, and minimal insulin dependence for metabolism. As an alternative to direct chemical reduction with gaseous hydrogen over Raney nickel catalyst, safer and environmentally-friendly biosynthetic routes of producing xylitol by fermentation and enzymatic reduction of dxylose (2) into xylitol by using xylose reductases (XR) have also been studied extensively (Scheme 1). 4] However, the unspecif-
Geothermal investigations on the arctic slope of Alaska

Preliminary results of geothermal investigations now in progress near Barrow, Alaska, indicate that, below the level to which seasonal changes penetrate, ground temperatures do not fall below about −10°C. The depth of the 0°C isogeotherm ranges from 670 to 1300 ft, increasing with the distance from the nearest large body of water. Thermal disturbances caused by drilling in and through the permafrost persist for many months, so that thermal readings taken in freshly drilled holes appear to have little value. Some correlation between terrain, electrical resistivity of the ground at shallow depths, and ground temperatures is indicated.
Decrease in rat uterine estrogen receptors during aging: physio- and immunochemical properties.

Rat uterine estrogen receptors decrease in concentration by about 45% between maturity (6–12 months) and senescence (22–24 months). No change in binding affinity occurs over this period. No age differences were observed in the thermostability, hormone-induced stability, or specificity of binding for various steroids. Most importantly, immunochemical titration of receptors with specific antiserum revealed that the ratio of immunoreactive to functional receptor is not changed with age. Thus, the apparent loss of rat uterine estrogen receptors during aging does not seem to be due to the appearance of a nonfunctional receptor population detectable by presently available immunoreagents.
The associations between statin use and prostate cancer screening, prostate size, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and prostate cancer.

Objective Prior studies report statins may reduce the risk of advanced prostate cancer. This study investigates the association between statin use and the likelihood of having a PSA or DRE test, blood PSA levels, prostate volume, and the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms. We also describe the association between statin use and prostate cancer and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) before and after controlling for prostate cancer screening indices associated with statin use.
Valve surgery in a mucopolysaccharidosis type I patient: early prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are rare genetic disorders, caused by enzymatic defects that lead to abnormal glycosaminoglycan metabolism and its accumulation. Hurler—Scheie syndrome (MPS I) is associated with a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase. Enzymatic replacement with intravenous laronidase is a frequently utilized therapeutic option. In patients with MPS I, progressive glycosaminoglycan storage in the heart can lead to valvular abnormalities; however, few surgical heart valve interventions have been reported in MPS I patients. We present an unusual case of a double-valve replacement in an MPS I patient, complicated by early infective endocarditis requiring surgical reintervention. We also present a comprehensive literature review of valve surgery in patients with MPS I and a brief summary of the most relevant surgical considerations, including valve selection and infection prevention.
Significant Inversions and Rapid In Situ Cooling at a Well-Sited Oklahoma Mesonet Station

The El Reno Oklahoma Mesonet (ELRE) site is one of a few Oklahoma Mesonet sites that has measured inversions of 10°C or greater between 1.5 and 9 m. Historical analyses revealed that strong inversions at ELRE have occurred because of rapid cooling near the surface shortly after sunset when conditions are calm, clear, and dry. In addition, ELRE is a very well sited station and is located on very slightly sloped terrain with no obstructions nearby. Four Portable Automated Research Micrometeorological Stations (PARMS) were deployed along a transect orthogonal to ELRE for 3 months in the spring of 2005 to quantify the micrometeorological processes that caused rapid cooling and subsequent strong inversions to form. One-minute data collected from the PARMS and ELRE during the study verified the variability and duration of strong inversion events. Analyses from the field study also revealed that significant horizontal and vertical differences in air temperature and wind speed existed during periods of differential wind speeds between the PARMS and ELRE.
Evidence suggesting a role for hydroxyl radical in glycerol-induced acute renal failure

Reactive oxygen metabolites, in particular hydroxyl radical, have been shown to be important mediators of tissue injury in several models of acute renal failure. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of hydroxyl radical in glycerol-induced acute renal failure, a model for myoglobinuric renal injury. Rats injected with glycerol alone (8 mg/kg im following dehydration for 24 h) developed significant renal failure compared with dehydrated controls. Rats treated with glycerol and a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea (DMTU), had significantly lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. In contrast, urea, which is chemically similar to DMTU but is not a hydroxyl radical scavenger, provided no protection. In addition, DMTU prevented the glycerol-induced rise in renal cortical malondialdehyde content (a measure of lipid peroxidation that serves as a marker of free radical-mediated tissue injury). A second hydroxyl radical scavenger, sodium benzoate, had a similar protective effect on renal function (as measured by both BUN and creatinine). Because the generation of hydroxyl radical in biological systems requires the presence of a trace metal such as iron, we also examined the effect of the iron chelator, deferoxamine on glycerol-induced renal failure. Deferoxamine was also protective. The interventional agents were also associated with a marked reduction in histological evidence of renal damage. The protective effects of two hydroxyl radical scavengers as well as an iron chelator implicate a role for hydroxyl radical in glycerol-induced acute renal failure.
Democracy as a Truth Seeking Enterprise

Democratic procedures aim at identifying public problems and developing effective solutions to those problems. Democracy provides essential inputs to those responsible for implementing policy. Taking these findings a step further, the paper will argue that while democratic procedures will not avoid errors, they will tend to correct their errors more rapidly. Democratic governance is not merely a moral preference, it also performs better than elite or authoritarian systems. Where public policy preferences are at odds with those of experts, there may be reasons to prefer the public’s position to that of experts.
Environment Barriers and their Effects on the Perception of Women on the Tenure Track

Fewer women attain tenure and reach the rank of professor than their male counterparts. The extant literature is rich in descriptions of barriers that women encounter while on the tenure track. This study was designed to focus on the environment of one large, public, high research university to determine the types of environmental barriers that exist that affect women. Of interest to the researchers was whether the barriers identified can be attributed to the culture and climate of academe in general or are institution centric. To examine these barriers, this study was guided by one research question, framed by the perceptions and experiences of women on the tenure track at the study institution, which focused on the identification of environmental barriers that women encountered. This mixed method study identified environment barriers that were categorized into the four areas of work environment, assistance, policy, and genderedness and socialization. The results of the study support the national researc...
Optics for Large Scale Datacenters

We give an overview of interconnect requirements for large scale datacenters. We then present the scaling challenges of of various optical technologies to meet the performance and efficiency requirements of ever increasing bandwidth.
Infusion of Hybrid Heliothis Male Sterility into H. virescens Populations in Field Cages

Heliothis hybrids were produced from crosses between Heliothis subflexa (Guenee) females and H. virescens (F.) males. Male progeny from these crosses were sterile and females were fertile. When the hybrid females were backcrossed to H. virescens males, the sterile male trait persisted through successive backcross (BC) generations. H. virescens moths were released in field cages with BC3 and BC6 moths in 1:1 and 1:5 ratios, respectively, to study infusion of the hybrid sterile male trait into the H. virescens population. Egg hatch was reduced through sterile male matings and the hybrid sterile male trait infused into the H. virescens populations.
Haptic-based Virtual Environment Design and Modeling of Motor Skill Assessment for Brain Injury PatientsRehabilitation

This paper presents a new haptic-based virtual environment system for diagnosis and rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients. By using the latest technologies, including Virtual Reality (VR), haptic force feedback and telecommunications, the system can work as an alternative to traditional labor intensive and expensive diagnosis and rehabilitation procedures for TBI patients. This paper also introduces a general approach to the design and prototyping of a haptic-based VR system for motor skill assessment and rehabilitation. A numerical model is presented to describe and record the motor skill assessment results and parameterize the rehabilitation training process. The prototype system demonstrates the potential for using advanced information and haptic-based VR technologies to build more effective and intelligent tools for healthcare. The specific techniques developed in this research can be used for motor-skill evaluation in clinical practice.
Acquired hemolytic disease.

Acquired hemolytic disease (AHD) is an auto-immune disease characterized primarily by a shortened life-span and rapid regeneration of red cells. Idiopathic or secondary AHD is suspected any time a chronically anemic patient also has a chronically elevated reticulocyte count. It is diagnosed by demonstrating the immune mechanism by the antiglobulin test (Coombs' test) and is ordinarily controlled by corticosteroid therapy.
Complement in disease: a defence system turning offensive

Although the complement system is primarily perceived as a host defence system, a more versatile, yet potentially more harmful side of this innate immune pathway as an inflammatory mediator also exists. The activities that define the ability of the complement system to control microbial threats and eliminate cellular debris - such as sensing molecular danger patterns, generating immediate effectors, and extensively coordinating with other defence pathways - can quickly turn complement from a defence system to an aggressor that drives immune and inflammatory diseases. These host-offensive actions become more pronounced with age and are exacerbated by a variety of genetic factors and autoimmune responses. Complement can also be activated inappropriately, for example in response to biomaterials or transplants. A wealth of research over the past two decades has led to an increasingly finely tuned understanding of complement activation, identified tipping points between physiological and pathological behaviour, and revealed avenues for therapeutic intervention. This Review summarizes our current view of the key activating, regulatory, and effector mechanisms of the complement system, highlighting important crosstalk connections, and, with an emphasis on kidney disease and transplantation, discusses the involvement of complement in clinical conditions and promising therapeutic approaches.
The Economic Consequences of Inadequate Psychiatric Examinations

(1941). The Economic Consequences of Inadequate Psychiatric Examinations. Psychiatry: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 261-263.
The Next Decade and Beyond

The past 30 years has seen a fundamental power shift in terms of economic development with organizations from the emerging world catching up to those from the developed world. The 50 companies interviewed for this research have played a profound role in helping shape it. While they originate from 16 different countries, their lessons of success and failure show some interesting patterns and themes.
Introduction: Contagion and Cultural Politics of Hygiene

Hygiene is back in the headlines. In slightly more than a decade, the SARS outbreak, the swine flu, and more recently the avian flu have created panic across the globe, forcing people to take notice of contagions that could turn deadly and infect scores of people in a relatively short time. The world suddenly became a shared landscape of closely linked contact zones that are teeming with hundreds of potent microbes, which do not care about national or cultural boundaries.
Cultivating minority scientists: Undergraduate research increases self‐efficacy and career ambitions for underrepresented students in STEM

In this study, Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) is used to explore changes in the career intentions of students in an undergraduate research experience (URE) program at a large public minority-serving college. Our URE model addresses the challenges of establishing an undergraduate research program within an urban, commuter, underfunded, Minority-Serving Institution (MSI). However, our model reaches beyond a focus on retention and remediation toward scholarly contributions and shifted career aspirations. From a student's first days at the College to beyond their graduation, we have encouraged them to explore their own potential as scientists in a coordinated, sequential, and self-reflective process. As a result, while the program's graduates have traditionally pursued entry-level STEM jobs, graduates participating in mentored research are increasingly focused on professional and academic STEM career tracks involving post-graduate study. In addition to providing an increasingly expected experience and building students’ skills, participation in undergraduate research is seen to have a transformative effect on career ambitions for many students at MSIs. While undergraduate research is often thought of in context of majority-serving institutions, we propose that it serves as a powerful equalizer at MSIs. Building on the institutional characteristics that drive diversity, our students produce scholarly work and pursue graduate degrees, in order to address the long-standing under-representation of minorities in the sciences. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 169–194, 2017
Suburban Subversions: Swingers and the Sexual Revolution

This article discusses how the 1965 Supreme Court Griswold v. Connecticut decision, which narrowly defined marital privacy to include only monogamous and reproductive sex, contextualizes depictions of suburban swingers. Focusing on narratives of swingers in John Updike’s Couples and Rick Moody’s novel The Ice Storm, issues of privacy and surveillance complicate and problematize marital sexuality, making swinging difficult to sustain. The confluence of restrictive legal and liberal cultural discourses and their influence on marital relationships are depicted in the texts examined in this article, which offer insight into the problem of marital privacy. Updike’s novel Couples depicts swinging as a revolutionary act: in one sense, swinging upends the post war, conservative marital structure, and in another, it results in a “revolution,” a circuit back to where the couples began. This article then turns to Rick Moody’s 1994 novel The Ice Storm, which offers a retrospective look at suburban sexual excess and the negative impact this behavior had on the children of the privileged suburban enclave. The confluence of different legal, social, and cultural pressures on married couples to maintain normative sexual behavior cannot be overcome in these texts.
Contribution of post-translational phosphorylation to sarcomere-linked cardiomyopathy phenotypes

Secondary shifts develop in post-translational phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins in multiple animal models of inherited cardiomyopathy. These signaling alterations together with the primary mutation are predicted to contribute to the overall cardiac phenotype. As a result, identification and integration of post-translational myofilament signaling responses are identified as priorities for gaining insights into sarcomeric cardiomyopathies. However, significant questions remain about the nature and contribution of post-translational phosphorylation to structural remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in animal models and human patients. This perspective essay discusses specific goals for filling critical gaps about post-translational signaling in response to these inherited mutations, especially within sarcomeric proteins. The discussion focuses primarily on pre-clinical analysis of animal models and defines challenges and future directions in this field.
Development and empirical user-centered evaluation of semantically-based query recommendation for an electronic health record search engine

Display Omitted A user-centered evaluation is conducted to assess the value of query recommendation.The feature is designed to facilitate retrieval of information from EHRs.The algorithm utilizes MetaMap to identify medical concepts.The performance is rated consistently higher with query recommendation turned on.Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use scores are overwhelmingly positive. ObjectiveThe utility of biomedical information retrieval environments can be severely limited when users lack expertise in constructing effective search queries. To address this issue, we developed a computer-based query recommendation algorithm that suggests semantically interchangeable terms based on an initial user-entered query. In this study, we assessed the value of this approach, which has broad applicability in biomedical information retrieval, by demonstrating its application as part of a search engine that facilitates retrieval of information from electronic health records (EHRs). Materials and MethodsThe query recommendation algorithm utilizes MetaMap to identify medical concepts from search queries and indexed EHR documents. Synonym variants from UMLS are used to expand the concepts along with a synonym set curated from historical EHR search logs. The empirical study involved 33 clinicians and staff who evaluated the system through a set of simulated EHR search tasks. User acceptance was assessed using the widely used technology acceptance model. ResultsThe search engines performance was rated consistently higher with the query recommendation feature turned on vs. off. The relevance of computer-recommended search terms was also rated high, and in most cases the participants had not thought of these terms on their own. The questions on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use received overwhelmingly positive responses. A vast majority of the participants wanted the query recommendation feature to be available to assist in their day-to-day EHR search tasks. Discussion and ConclusionChallenges persist for users to construct effective search queries when retrieving information from biomedical documents including those from EHRs. This study demonstrates that semantically-based query recommendation is a viable solution to addressing this challenge.
Racial disparities in initiation of endocrine therapy for early-stage breast cancer.

6572 Background: Oral endocrine therapy (ET) is the cornerstone of adjuvant therapy for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, greatly reducing the risk of recurrence and death when taken f...
Staging the Exposome: A Vision for International Collaboration

The exposome is big science. This is not the type of project that can be conducted in an isolated laboratory. For the exposome to become a scientific and public health reality, it must involve investigators from across the world and from many disciplines. Such complex initiatives require sophisticated, yet nimble, organizational structures. In this chapter, key components of a successful exposome initiative are discussed including the need for involvement of academic, industry, private, and government organizations, having a clear set of objectives, guidelines for data sharing, and mechanisms to assess progress and guide future steps.
Chemical Analysis of Six Commercial Adult Iguana, Iguana iguana, Diets

ABSTRACT Reptile keeping is one of the most rapidly expanding areas in the pet industry. In response to this trend, several pet food companies have formulated specialized diets and supplements that cater to the unique nutritional needs of different reptile species. Since nutrition is a key variable of captive reptile husbandry, we investigated the nutrient composition of six commercially available adult iguana, Iguana iguana, feeds that are intended for use as principle diets. We compared the results of our analyses to the nutrient information provided on packaging labels and to available information on the suggested nutrient recommendations for iguanas. Crude protein contents ranged from 13.21% dry matter (DM) to 27.15% DM with two of the six diets containing a lower protein than indicated on the label. Crude fat content ranged from 1.46 ± 0.44% DM to 10.25 ± 0.05% DM with three of the six diets having fat contents below the amount stated on labels. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, a measure of in...
Visual Abilities and Misconceptions About Plate Tectonics

Diagrams, drawings, and pictures are prototypical representations of concepts. Students' drawings of their concepts of convergent plate boundaries provided an efficient means of discovering some widely held misconceptions. Over 600 general education students' drawings of continent-continent convergent boundaries reveal two common misconceptions. Approximately one-third drew a continent-continent convergent boundary with concave slabs of continental crust as one might imagine two pieces of firm rubber pushed together on a rigid surface. Almost half drew mountains as one might imagine inverted ice cream cones on a rigid plank. One hundred eighty students were presented a drawing similar to the first misconception and asked to comment on what was incorrect. Forty-nine percent of the students did not recognize the misconception. Students who did not recognize the incorrect representation had lower scores on the Purdue Visualization of Rotations Test than the students who did. Misconceptions common to non-majo...
Source Effects on Psychological Reactance to Regulatory Policies: The Role of Trust and Similarity:

Efforts to communicate risk reduction policies must consider how target audiences will respond to the source of the message. This study investigates how modifying the message source enhances or dim...
Abstract 354: Optimization of Extracellular Vesicles Isolation From Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells

Background: Cell therapy and cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising treatment options for ischemic cardiomyopathy. Despite this increasing interest, the isolation of EVs is not sta...
Fixed Point Property for Finite Ordered Sets that Contain No Crowns with 6 or More Elements

We prove that, for a finite ordered set P that contains no crowns with 6 or more elements, it can be determined in polynomial time if P has the fixed point property. This result is obtained by proving that every such ordered set must contain a point of rank 1 that has a unique lower cover or a retractable minimal element.
Non-market institutions and crime in US counties: Hayek v. Polanyi

Karl Polanyi’s The great transformation emphasized the importance of non-market institutions for social equity and stability. In that same era, Friedrich Hayek postulated in The road to serfdom tha...
Gender, Competitiveness, and Intentions to Pursue STEM Fields

Building on the insights of gender theorists as well as a small body of emerging quantitative research, the authors examine whether and how a preference for competition is related to gendered patterns of future STEM expectations among a sample of high school students. Results of regression analyses reveal that female students’ relatively lower preference for competition (compared to male students) significantly contributes to their lower expectation of majoring in two historically male-dominated fields, physical science and engineering. Additional results revealed an interaction between gender and competitiveness for expectations to major in computer science, such that while girls’ expectations significantly increase with their level of competitiveness, boys’ d ecisions to pursue computer science are unrelated to their preference for competition.
Production and composition of biomass from short rotation coppice in marginal land: A 9-year study

Abstract The production and chemical composition of the biomass of four fast growing woody crops are studied across species and rotation cycles. High-density plantations of poplar, willow, black locust and sycamore were monitored for 9 years over 3-year rotation cycles in marginal land in the Mediterranean area. The fuel quality properties of the produced biomass was assessed using proximate and ultimate analysis, biomass and ash chemical composition (23 elements), and ash melting behaviour. Willow, poplar and black locust energy crops produced 12, 9 and 7 dry Mg ha−1 yr−1 on average, indicating that these species can be well adapted to the unfavourable conditions of poor soils in low productivity areas in the Mediterranean region. In contrast, sycamore was not well adapted to the particular climate and soil conditions and provided very poor yields. The chemical composition of the biomass varied across species and rotation cycles. The results obtained from the chemical analysis of these woody species showed that they provided good quality for use in combustion processes, with low amounts of trace elements and chlorine (≈0.01 wt%), sulphur (≈0.04 wt%) and nitrogen (≈0.5 wt%), with the exception of black locust (N = 0.86 wt%). No sintering problems are expected during the combustion of the studied biomass. This study provides valuable information for the large-scale implementation of fast growing woody species dedicated to energy crops in low productivity areas of the Mediterranean region.
Signal Processing Techniques to Evaluate Surface Roughness of Weathered Rock Specimens

Weathering of rock surfaces results in an increase in the surface roughness of the rock. This surface can be assessed quantitatively using a number of statistical methods, typically granting a single-value measure of approximate roughness and, by extension, an approximate degree of weathering. In recent years the techniques developed by electrical and signal engineers for analyzing signals have been applied to this surface roughness characterization. Seven core samples of limestone rock were scanned and converted into linear profiles along the surface of the rock samples. The signal energy (E s ) and Z 2 , two single-value roughness measures, were calculated from these samples and Fourier and wavelet transforms were applied as well. The wavelet coefficients were then averaged, yielding a third single-value roughness measure. All three single-value roughness measures demonstrate remarkable agreement with one another with the exception of Z 2 , which estimates the roughness of one profile as slightly higher than two other profiles. This inconsistency appears to be due to an atypically high frequency content in that profile, exaggerating the measure of Z 2 . The wavelet transform technique proves to be very effective at locating sharp discontinuities along a rock at both low and high frequencies, promising better generalization to broader types of samples.
Chapter Fourteen – Biomarkers in Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia can be a devastating disease. It remains a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ability to predict or prevent preeclampsia, and the development of a therapy that safely prolongs gestation are of critical importance and would constitute a major advance in womens’ health. Particularly promising are the areas of research that focus on angiogenic factors and their role in vascular health. During the past decade, epidemiological, experimental, and therapeutic studies have provided compelling evidence that altered antiangiogenic factors of placental origin lead to preeclampsia. This chapter will focus on the pathogenesis of the disease and highlight angiogenic biomarkers for use in diagnosis and prediction of preeclampsia.
Hemodynamic Effects of Propofol for Induction of Rapid Sequence Intubation in Traumatically Injured Patients

Present guidelines for emergency intubation in traumatically injured patients recommend rapid sequence intubation (RSI) as the preferred method of airway management but specific pharmacologic agents for RSI remain controversial. To evaluate hemodynamic differences between propofol and other induction agents when used for RSI in trauma patients. Single-center, retrospective review of trauma patients intubated in the emergency department. Patients were divided in two groups based on induction agent, propofol or nonpropofol. The primary outcome was incidence of hypotension within 30 minutes of intubation. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay and inhospital mortality. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Of the 744 patients identified, 83 were analyzed, 43 in the propofol group and 40 in the nonpropofol group. Groups were similar at baseline in terms of pre-RSI hemodynamics, injury mechanism, initial Glasgow Coma Score, and Injury Severity Score. On univariate analysis, although not statistically significant, postintubation hypotension was more common in patients who received propofol compared with those who did not, 39.5 per cent versus 22.5 per cent (P = 0.9). When adjusted for age, Injury Severity Score, and pre-RSI hemodynamics, the risk of hypotension among propofol-treated patients was significantly higher (OR = 3.64; 95% Confidence interval 1.16-13.24). There were no significant differences between groups in hospital length of stay or mortality. Propofol increases the odds of postintubation hypotension in traumatically injured patients. Considerable caution should be used when contemplating the use of propofol the for induction of injured patients requiring RSI because other agents possess more favorable hemodynamic profiles.
Higher Quality Images for a Visible-Light CMOS Sensor by Suppressing Spatial Row-Wise Noise with an Output-Capacitor-Less, Internal Low-Dropout Regulator

Image quality of visible-light CMOS sensors normally suffers from fixed-pattern noise. Spatial row-wise noise in an image particularly is caused by pixel array power supply coupling. Common noise injection from a fluctuating power supply during pixel readout causes horizontal stripe noise because all signals in a row are affected by the noise simultaneously. By integrating an output capacitor-less low-dropout (LDO) regulator on chip to directly supply a regulated power to the imager pixel array exclusively, it is possible to reduce fixed-pattern row-wise noise considerably so that the row-stripe noise becomes invisible entirely. The LDO circuit uses internal inherent pixel array parasitic capacitances along with an integrated capacitor multiplier circuit to eliminate the need for an off-chip capacitor and thus isolates the pixel array from the external board components such as bond-wire, pad, and board traces. The LDO was designed and fabricated in 0.13 μm − 2P4M CMOS image sensor process and was implemented within a five-megapixel visible-light CMOS imager to prove the functionality and performance. Experimental data are included and shown that the row-wise noise is reduced by more than factor of five, making it negligible (and invisible) compare to the temporal pixel noise.
Immune Cell-Stromal Circuitry in Lupus Photosensitivity

Photosensitivity is a sensitivity to UV radiation (UVR) commonly found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who have cutaneous disease. Upon even ambient UVR exposure, patients can develop inflammatory skin lesions that can reduce the quality of life. Additionally, UVR-exposed skin lesions can be associated with systemic disease flares marked by rising autoantibody titers and worsening kidney disease. Why SLE patients are photosensitive and how skin sensitivity leads to systemic disease flares are not well understood, and treatment options are limited. In recent years, the importance of immune cell-stromal interactions in tissue function and maintenance is being increasingly recognized. In this review, we discuss SLE as an anatomic circuit and review recent findings in the pathogenesis of photosensitivity with a focus on immune cell-stromal circuitry in tissue health and disease.