cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time evolution of temperature distribution of a flip-chip no-flow underfill package during solder reflow process

Flip chip on organic substrate has relied on underfill to redistribute the thermomechanical stress and to enhance the solder joint reliability. However, the conventional flip-chip underfill process involves multiple process steps and has become the bottleneck of the flip-chip process. The no-flow underfill is invented to simplify the flip-chip underfill process and to reduce the packaging cost. The no-flow underfill process requires the underfill to possess high curing latency to avoid gelation before solder reflow so to ensure the solder interconnect. Therefore, the temperature distribution of a no-flow flip-chip package during the solder reflow process is important for high assembly yield. This paper uses the finite-element method (FEM) to model the temperature distribution of a flip-chip no-flow underfill package during the solder reflow process. The kinetics of underfill curing is established using an autocatalytic reaction model obtained by DSC studies. Two approaches are developed in order to incorporate the curing kinetics of the underfill into the FEM model using iteration and a loop program. The temperature distribution across the package and across the underfill layer is studied. The effect of the presence of the underfill fillet and the influence of the chip dimension on the temperature difference in the underfill layer is discussed. The influence of the underfill curing kinetics on the modeling results is also evaluated.
Decolonizing Knowledges: Asian American Studies, Carlos Bulosan, and Insurgent Filipino Diasporic Imagination

The current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have compelled interdisciplinary scholars to seek new methods of engaging US Empire. This essay will attempt to outline an emerging critique-al strand of Filipino Cultural Studies that challenges the limitations of the “cultural turn” through its connection to the larger goal of creating movements for social justice. Over the past few years, new forms of Filipino American scholarship have advanced a unique tradition of class analysis developed by earlier generations of Filipino cultural workers and activists. In addition to this new development, Filipino American cultural workers have created politically conscious art through their participation in social justice movements. I argue that this new form of Filipino Cultural Studies – one that is not strictly ensconced in the academy – might provide useful and timely suggestions for alternative and transformative ways of knowing and being.
Genetic control of the susceptibility to pneumococcal infection.

As with other pathogens used to infect mice, it has been known for some time that mouse strains differ in their ability to be infected by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Webster 1933; Schultz et al. 1936; Rake 1936). These observations provide evidence that there are genetic differences in mice that affect their resistance to pneumococci. Some of the earliest studies of genetic differences in pathogenesis of S. pneumoniae infections were done with the BS and BR mice which were bred by Lesslie Webster to be susceptible or resistant to infection with Salmonella enteritidis (Webster 1933). When Webster infected these mice with pneumococci by the nasal route, he found that BS mice were more susceptible to pneumococcal infection than the BR mice (Webster 1933).
Simulation and performance analysis of dynamic channel allocation algorithms in DECT

Channel allocation is one of the fundamental problems faced by designers of the portable communication systems. A Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation (DDCA) algorithm is proposed. The DDCA combines the advantages of both the fixed and the dynamic channel allocation algorithms in an effective way. Initialization is easy and it is adaptive to slowly changing environments. It is flexible. A port can utilize all the channels available to the system. It is adaptive to slowly changing environments so that the port can adjust the channel allocation automatically when ports are added or removed from the system. It is stable, simple and fully distributed. Simulation shows that it has 25% improvement over the UK DECT testbed DCA and 16% improvement over the Channel Segregation DCA in terms of system capacity with one percent of grade of service. >
Cloning and expression of bovine corneal antigen cDNA.

PURPOSE. A cornea-associated antigen (CO-Ag) has been found to be the target for autoantibodies in patients with Mooren's ulcer. The study goals were to isolate a full-length clone encoding CO-Ag from a bovine corneal cDNA library and to express this clone in Escherichia coli (E. coli) . METHODS. A DNA fragment of CO-Ag was generated, using unique oligonucleotide primers and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. This fragment was used as a probe to obtain cDNA clones from a bovine corneal cDNA library. The clone with the longest cDNA insert was selected for sequence analysis. Expression of the CO-Ag protein in E. coli was induced by isopropyl s-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The bacterially-produced CO-Ag was partially purified by calcium (Ca 2+) -dependent hydrophobic interaction chromatography. RESULTS. The cDNA insert sequence was 273 nucleotides in length for the entire mRNA coding region, 212 nucleotides in the 5' untranslated region, 83 nucleotides in the 3' untranslated region and a pol...
CueT: human-guided fast and accurate network alarm triage

Network alarm triage refers to grouping and prioritizing a stream of low-level device health information to help operators find and fix problems. Today, this process tends to be largely manual because existing tools cannot easily evolve with the network. We present CueT, a system that uses interactive machine learning to learn from the triaging decisions of operators. It then uses that learning in novel visualizations to help them quickly and accurately triage alarms. Unlike prior interactive machine learning systems, CueT handles a highly dynamic environment where the groups of interest are not known a-priori and evolve constantly. A user study with real operators and data from a large network shows that CueT significantly improves the speed and accuracy of alarm triage compared to the network's current practice.
A general unsteady heat flow problem in a finite composite hollow circular cylinder under boundary conditions of the second kind

Abstract A complete analytical study is presented for the distribution of three-dimensional unsteady temperatures in a hollow right circular cylinder of finite length and composed of two concentric radial layers in imperfect thermal contact. The prescribed rates of heat flow over the entire boundary, and the distributed heat sources in each layer are expressed in terms of arbitrary functions of space and time, the initial conditions being also arbitrarily prescribed. The general expression, given in various forms, for the unsteady temperature field in the cylinder contain the solutions to many special problems of technological importance.
Opportunities for the Advancement of Home Economists in the Food Manufacturing Industry

The objective in this research was to determine the opportunities in the food manufacturing industry for people with home economics backgrounds to advance into top level management positions. Participants were 133 home economists employed by food manufacturers who responded to a pretested mail questionnaire. The relationships of selected independent variables to a success/achievement index were examined by analysis of variance, multiple regression, and chi square. Thet test was used to analyze qualities deemed necessary by home economists for advancement to upper levels of the company. Positive, statistically significant (p ≤ .01) relationships were found between the index score and three variables: years of employment with the company, number of professional positions held in the company, and years in career. Two findings involving mentor/sponsor relationships were also significant (p ≤ .01). Additional factors associated with advancement opportunities are discussed and implications of the findings for those seeking advancement in this industry are presented.
Mine the Easy, Classify the Hard: A Semi-Supervised Approach to Automatic Sentiment Classification

Supervised polarity classification systems are typically domain-specific. Building these systems involves the expensive process of annotating a large amount of data for each domain. A potential solution to this corpus annotation bottleneck is to build unsupervised polarity classification systems. However, unsupervised learning of polarity is difficult, owing in part to the prevalence of sentimentally ambiguous reviews, where reviewers discuss both the positive and negative aspects of a product. To address this problem, we propose a semi-supervised approach to sentiment classification where we first mine the unambiguous reviews using spectral techniques and then exploit them to classify the ambiguous reviews via a novel combination of active learning, transductive learning, and ensemble learning.
What Drives Auditor Selection

SUMMARY: This study provides evidence on the factors that currently impact audit committee members' selection of external auditors. Using a two-stage approach, we survey and interview public company audit committee members (ACMs), and find evidence that management continues to provide input into the decision process even as SOX regulations require audit committees to take responsibility for the auditor selection decision. ACMs view management as an important information source when they assess the proposing audit partner's reputation for accessibility, timeliness, and ability to liaise with the firm's national technical office, as well as the proposing audit firm's technical and industry expertise. Results of this study can help firms be more competitive in the audit bidding process, inform policy makers when considering whether to impose further audit committee regulations, and aid academics in ensuring an up-to-date understanding of the audit committee's role in the auditor selection process.
TRANSPORT OF HELMINTHS TO HAWAII VIA THE BROWN ANOLE, ANOLIS SAGREI (POLYCHROTIDAE)

Sixty-two brown anoles, Anolis sagrei, from Oahu, Hawaii were examined for helminths. Anolis sagrei was introduced to Hawaii, presumably from the Caribbean. Two species of trematodes, Mesocoelium monas and Platynosomum fastosum, 3 species of nematodes, Atractis scelopori, Physaloptera squamatae, and Physocephalus sp., 1 acanthocephalan, Acanthocephalus bufonis, and 1 pentastome, Raillietiella frenatus, were found. Atractis scelopori and P. squamatae, previously unknown in Hawaii, are widely distributed in the Caribbean and were most likely transported to Hawaii with the introduced anoles. Mesocoelium monas, P. fastosum, Physocephalus sp., A. bufonis, and R. frenatus have been previously reported from Hawaiian herptiles; A. sagrei most likely acquired infections of these parasites from Hawaiian populations. This study indicates that helminths can be transported with their introduced hosts and become established in the colonized areas and that introduced lizards may quickly acquire species of previously est...
How Bad is it out There?: Teaching and Learning about the Legal Profession

This paper reports on an interview-based approach to teaching professional responsibility which has offered both significant pedagogical advantages and an unexpected opportunity to study the state of the legal profession. The paper analyzes the longstanding problems associated with teaching professional responsibility and describes the new course, called The Law Firm. It reviews the empirical literature on the state of the profession and then discusses the major issues that have emerged over nine years of interviewing practicing lawyers. These issues include the effects of changing economics, the structure and governance of law firms, and the balance - or lack thereof - between lawyers' personal and professional lives.
FRACTURE-DISLOCATIONS OF THE HIP JOINT

A review of the literature shows that posterior dislocation of the hip with associated fracture of the acetabular lip is comparatively uncommon. It is characteristically an "automobile injury" and hence is increasing in frequency. Without perfect reduction, arthritic disintegration of the joint occurs rapidly, due to mechanical incongruity of joint surfaces. Roentgenograms of good quality must be studied with great care before the reduction is accepted. Open "reduction" is indicated when: 1. The lip fragment is large and does not come down into position when the head is reduced (unstable reduction). 2. The lip fragment is in the acetabulum. 3. Sprain fracture of the head prevents perfect reduction. 4. A fracture through the acetabular floor allows rotation of the distal fragment which prevents reduction. 5. Femoral shaft fracture prevents control of the head. The author has obtained satisfactory reduction by this operation.
Presentation of the Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2002 to Werner Schreyer

Mr. President, distinguished mineralogists, and guests, I was delighted when Werner Schreyer asked me to be his citationist, because I admire him for his scholarship, for his dogged pursuit of the perfect experiment seeking exquisite minerals, and for his application of experimental mineralogy to petrological problems. Werner and I have had parallel lives in experimental petrology, following paths that have converged from time to time, and with each convergence has come growing respect and friendship. But as a schoolboy in the 1940s, I hated Werner Schreyer, and I’m sure that he hated me. We were receiving bombs from our respective air forces in Germany and England, and wartime propaganda is a powerful opinion-shaper. One of the exercises in my school’s Air Training Corps was aircraft recognition, identifying the silhouettes of German aircraft, and Werner probably was expert in the same exercise as a member of the “Hitlerjugend”.
Bringing Sea-Level Rise into Long Range Planning Considerations on Maui, Hawaii

Maui’s coastal lands, along with many others worldwide, are under tremendous pressure from expanding development and accelerating coastal erosion. While it may be perceived by the public that the lands most at risk from sea-level rise are those immediately bordering the coastline, the threat to low-lying areas from a rising water table inland of the coast may also be great. Maui planning officials have begun to recognize that regardless of the uncertainty over projected rates of sealevel rise, threats associated with rising sea level should be identified and mitigated through a combination of modeling, mapping, and direct observation. This paper provides a review of current sea-level rise science and describes the scientific and management approaches being undertaken by Maui County to better understand potential risks associated with rising seas and account for these projections in long-range planning. INTRODUCTION In 2003, Maui County became the first county in the state of Hawaii to adopt a science-based approach to determining construction setbacks on coastal properties (Norcross-Nu’u and Abbott 2005). High-resolution annual erosion rate data spaced at
A review of: "Yigal Ronen, Handbook of Nuclear Reactors calculations, Volumes I, II, and III, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1986. Cost of 3-volume set: $750.00."

(1988). A review of: “Yigal Ronen, Handbook of Nuclear Reactors calculations, Volumes I, II, and III, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1986. Cost of 3-volume set: $750.00.”. Transport Theory and Statistical Physics: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 131-140.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor augments post-ischemic leukocyte adhesion in the cerebral microcirculation in vivo.

The objective was to examine the effect of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on leukocyte adhesion in the cerebral microcirculation during reperfusion following partial forebrain ischemia in the rat. Intravital fluorescence video-microscopy through a closed cranial window was used to visualize leukocyte-endothelium interaction in small pial veins of 15-100 microns diameter. Forebrain ischemia was produced by the ligation of both common carotid arteries plus elevation of the intracranial pressure to 20 mmHg for 60 min. The number of leukocytes adhering to the endothelium for longer than 3 sec was determined during ischemia (5 min and 60 min) and during reperfusion (5 min and 60 min). Two experimental groups were treated with either L-NAME or its inactive enantiomer D-NAME (20 mg kg-1 i.v.) 30 min prior to reperfusion. In a third group, also treated with D-NAME, post-ischemic hyperemia was prevented by lowering the ICP without removing the occlusion of common carotid arteries (partial reperfusion). The velocity of flow adjacent to the endothelial surface of pial veins was measured by tracking the movement of fluorescently labeled red blood cells as flow markers before and after ischemia. During ischemia, the number of adhering leukocytes increased approximately two-fold at 5 min, and three-fold at 60 min. In the D-NAME-treated group with complete reperfusion, leukocyte adhesion returned to the baseline level by 60 min of reperfusion. However, in the L-NAME-treated group, leukocyte adhesion remained elevated at 60 min of reperfusion. Post-ischemic flow velocity was significantly decreased (-66%) from control after L-NAME treatment whereas it was increased (+53%) in the D-NAME-treated group. In the partial reperfusion group, leukocyte adhesion continued to increase after the first hour of ischemia and reached a level 2.7-fold over baseline at 60 min reperfusion. Flow velocity remained below control (-26%) at 60 min reperfusion. Leukocyte adhesion was absent in pial arteries and no plugging by leukocytes was observed in cortical capillaries. The results suggest that leukocyte adhesion in small pial veins increases during 1 h forebrain ischemia and continues to increase during reperfusion if the velocity of flow or shear rate is low. The increase in leukocyte adhesion is reversible if flow velocity is elevated during reperfusion. L-NAME prevents post-ischemic hyperemia and augments leukocyte adhesion principally via a decrease in velocity or shear rate.
High-Throughput Single-Cell Derived Sphere Formation for Cancer Stem-Like Cell Identification and Analysis

Considerable evidence suggests that many malignancies are driven by a cellular compartment that displays stem cell properties. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) can be identified by expression of cell surface markers or enzymatic activity, but these methods are limited by phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of CSCs. An alternative phenotypic methodology based on in-vitro sphere formation has been developed, but it is typically labor-intensive and low-throughput. In this work, we present a 1,024-microchamber microfluidic platform for single-cell derived sphere formation. Utilizing a hydrodynamic capturing scheme, more than 70% of the microchambers capture only one cell, allowing for monitoring of sphere formation from heterogeneous cancer cell populations for identification of CSCs. Single-cell derived spheres can be retrieved and dissociated for single-cell analysis using a custom 96-gene panel to probe heterogeneity within the clonal CSC spheres. This microfluidic platform provides reliable and high-throughput sphere formation for CSC identification and downstream clonal analysis.
Taking charge: a personal responsibility.

Abstract Women can adopt health practices that will help them to maintain good health throughout their various life stages. Women can take charge of their health by maintaining a nutritionally balanced diet, exercising, and using common sense. Women can also employ known preventive measures against osteoporosis, stroke, lung and breast cancer and accidents. Because women experience increased longevity and may require long-term care with age, the need for restructuring the nation's care system for the elderly becomes an important women's health concern. Adult day care centers, home health aides, and preventive education will be necessary, along with sufficient insurance to maintain quality care and self-esteem without depleting a person's resources.
Supporting At-Risk Youth and Their Families to Manage and Prevent Diabetes: Developing a National Partnership of Medical Residency Programs and High Schools

Background The Stanford Youth Diabetes Coaches Program (SYDCP) is a school based health program in which Family Medicine residents train healthy at-risk adolescents to become diabetes self-management coaches for family members with diabetes. This study evaluates the impact of the SYDCP when disseminated to remote sites. Additionally, this study aims to assess perceived benefit of enhanced curriculum. Methods From 2012–2015, 10 high schools and one summer camp in the US and Canada and five residency programs were selected to participate. Physicians and other health providers implemented the SYDCP with racial/ethnic-minority students from low-income communities. Student coaches completed pre- and posttest surveys which included knowledge, health behavior, and psychosocial asset questions (i.e., worth and resilience), as well as open-ended feedback questions. T-test pre-post comparisons were used to determine differences in knowledge and psychosocial assets, and open and axial coding methods were used to analyze qualitative data. Results A total of 216 participating high school students completed both pre-and posttests, and 96 nonparticipating students also completed pre- and posttests. Student coaches improved from pre- to posttest significantly on knowledge (p<0.005 in 2012–13, 2014 camp, and 2014–15); worth (p<0.1 in 2014–15); problem solving (p<0.005 in 2014 camp and p<0.1 in 2014–15); and self-efficacy (p<0.05 in 2014 camp). Eighty-two percent of student coaches reported that they considered making a behavior change to improve their own health as a result of program participation. Qualitative feedback themes included acknowledgment of usefulness and relevance of the program, appreciation for physician instructors, knowledge gain, pride in helping family members, improved relationships and connectedness with family members, and lifestyle improvements. Conclusion Overall, when disseminated, this program can increase health knowledge and some psychosocial assets of at-risk youth and holds promise to empower these youth with health literacy and encourage them to adopt healthy behaviors.
Normal Auger processes with ultrashort x-ray pulses in neon

Modern x-ray sources enable the production of coherent x-ray pulses with a pulse duration in the same order as the characteristic lifetimes of core-hole states of atoms and molecules. These pulses enable the manipulation of the core-hole population during Auger-decay processes, modifying the line shape of the electron spectra. In this work, we present a theoretical model to study those effects in neon. We identify effects in the Auger-electron--photoelectron coincidence spectrum due to the duration and intensity of the pulses. The normal Auger line shape is recovered in Auger-electron spectra integrated over all photoelectron energies.
Failure analysis of THz GaAs photoconductive antenna by means of high resolution X-ray topography

Time domain terahertz spectroscopy is currently being widely used for various applications. A photoconductive antenna, which is also known as Auston-switch, is popular choice to produce a wideband terahertz beam for the time domain terahertz spectrometer. The device consists of two gold micro-strips deposited on GaAs (001) substrate and is designed to produce a terahertz beam over broadband spectrum with a relatively high conversion efficiency. However the photoconductive antenna often experiences noticeable degradation and failure, especially when a high voltage bias is applied to it or when it is exposed to a strong laser beam whether the laser beam is a femto-second laser pulse to generate terahertz beam or from other lasers.
Methods for reducing memristor crossbar simulation time

Memristor crossbars have the potential to perform parallel resistive computations in the analog domain, and they can be used to develop high density neural network algorithms. However, accurately simulating large memristor crossbars in SPICE (with more than 256 devices) is very difficult and time consuming. This paper discusses using Xyce (a parallel SPICE platform developed by Sandia Labs) to speed up memristor crossbar simulation. Using Xyce, we were able to successfully train neuromorphic memristor crossbars containing 10,096 memristors to learn a large array of linearly separable logic functions. Large memristor crossbars were also used for pattern recognition using both the MNIST and CBCL face datasets. To further reduce training time, a memristor crossbar approximation was simulated in MATLAB. Modeling a crossbar in MATLAB takes significantly less time, but is slightly less accurate. The trained resistance values determined by MATLAB were then downloaded to the more precise crossbar simulated in Xyce (which contains input drivers, comparator circuits, and wire resistance). The classification accuracy found in Xyce was then compared to the accuracy determined when testing the approximated crossbar in MATLAB, as well as a traditional software neural network implementation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published result that describes using XYCE to simulate a neuromorphic memristor crossbar using accurate memristor modeling techniques.
294. Characterizing AAV CaptureSelect Affinity Ligand Interactions

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most widely studied viral vector systems for therapeutic gene delivery. This application has already experienced success in several human clinical trials, including the treatment of hemophilia B with an rAAV8 vector expressing therapeutic levels of Factor IX protein and for the treatment of Pompe disease, utilizing AAV1 vectors. Recently, an rAAV1 vector packaging a gene for the treatment of lipoprotein lipase deficiency was approved as the first gene therapy drug, validating the utility of this system. However, the effective production and purification of enough viral vector for use in research, preclinical studies, and human treatment is essential for success. Towards this goal, camelid single domain antibody fragments directed against AAV were used to make affinity resin products suitable for fast, one-step purification of AAV vectors of several serotypes. This affinity based purification method can replace current standards of density purification, which are time consuming and require large volumes of reagents, such as sucrose or iodixanol. At present, the collection of affinity resins suitable for AAV purification, i.e. AVB-Sepharose™, POROS™ CaptureSelect™ AAV8 and -AAV9, show varied affinity for different AAV serotypes, resulting in varied efficacies of virus purification. To better understand these differences and improve broad range utility, it is important to understand how these affinity ligands bind to the surface of the AAV capsids. We have thus mapped their binding footprints on several AAV serotypes, including AAV1, AAV5, and AAV9, using cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction combined with pseudo-atomic modeling. The sites for different affinity ligands are clustered on regions of the capsid that are common among most serotypes, but display minor variations which likely account for the varied affinities. This information will assist in the synergistic development of affinity ligands with broader serotype coverage and AAV vectors with improved purification outcomes.
Legal Issues: Reining in Patent Trolls: Congress Tries Again

Recall from your high school civics class that any Congressional bill that has not been enacted into law at the end of the two-year Congressional session is said to have “died.” What your civics class may or may not have said, is that for some legislative proposals, it is very common for bills to be reintroduced in the next Congress, to either build on the work that already took place, or to get a new lease on life in the changed political climate that often accompanies a new session of Congress. Such is the case with the Innovation Act, a patent reform proposal first introduced in 2013 in the House of Representatives that died at the end of 2014 and has just been re-introduced into the new Congress (Introduced as H.R 9). The proposal was and remains a response to the perceived problem of “patent trolls”, persons or companies who buy up patents and then target enterprises and entrepreneurs who work in the same area of the patent and charge them with patent infringement. The classic and most pejorative patent troll business model is not the legitimate exploitation of the patent for innovation, but the generation of revenue through lawsuits, lawsuit settlements, or licensing fees under threat of a lawsuit.
Robotic and hybrid robotic transversus abdominis release may be performed with low length of stay and wound morbidity.

Abstract The objective of our study was to compare length of stay and wound complications after hybrid robotic transversus abdominis release (hrTAR) vs. robotic transversus abdominis release (rTAR) Two cohorts of patients undergoing robotic (rTAR) and hybrid robotic (hrTAR) performed by two surgeons at a single institution were analyzed. Mean length of stay (LOS) and incidence of surgical site occurrences (SSO) were compared. 57 patients undergoing rTAR and 25 patients undergoing hrTAR were analyzed. The hrTAR group had larger mean hernia dimensions and a larger proportion of men but otherwise the patient cohorts were similar. LOS was not statistically different between rTAR and hrTAR (2.8 vs 3.7 days p = 0.06). We found no difference in incidence of surgical site occurrences between the two groups (7.0% vs 4.0% p = 0.52). Hybrid robotic assisted TAR allows for repair of complex ventral hernias with similar lengths of stay and wound morbidity to pure robotic repairs.
Embryonic exposure to Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) disrupts pancreatic organogenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Abstract Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is the bioactive metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a plasticizing agent and persistent environmental contaminant associated with obesity, developmental abnormalities, and oxidative stress. Nrf2 (Nfe2l2) is a transcription factor that regulates cytoprotective genes as part of the adaptive antioxidant response. We previously identified the pancreas as a sensitive target of oxidative stress during embryonic development. The goals of this study were to 1) characterize the effects of MEHP exposure on pancreatic development, and 2) determine whether oxidative stress contributes to MEHP embryotoxicity. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos from AB wildtype and Tg(ins:GFP;nrf2afh318/fh318) were exposed to 0 or 200 μg/L MEHP at 3 h post fertilization (hpf) through 168 hpf to assess pancreatic organogenesis. MEHP exposure significantly decreased β-cell area at all timepoints (48, 72, 96, 168 hpf), but Nrf2a did not significantly protect against islet hypomorphism. Tg(gcga:GFP) embryos exposed to MEHP showed a decrease in α-cell area in the islet across the same timepoints. Tg(ptf1a:GFP) embryos were assessed at 80 and 168 hpf for exocrine pancreas length. MEHP exposure decreased growth of the exocrine pancreas. Expression of pancreas genes insa, sst2 and ptf1a was significantly reduced by MEHP exposure compared to controls. Glutathione (GSH) concentrations and redox potentials were quantified at 72 hpf by HPLC, but no significant changes were observed. However, expression of the GSH-related genes gstp1 and gsr were significantly altered by MEHP exposure. These data indicate that the developing pancreas is a sensitive target tissue of embryonic exposure to MEHP.
Federal Complexity and Perception of State Party Ideology in the United States

Scholarship has established that ideological positions offered by state parties differ substantially from the national parties, and from one another. However, less attention has been devoted to investigating whether ordinary people are aware of the ideological distinctiveness of state parties. In particular, do people notice that their state party is ideologically different than the national party? In this article, I draw upon theories of low information rationality to develop an account of public reasoning about state parties. I analyze public opinion about state parties using an original survey fielded as part of the 2012 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. I find limited evidence that ordinary people are responsive to the actual legislative behavior of state parties. Instead, individuals’ judgments about state party ideology may be rooted in inferences drawn from national-level politics. The findings support arguments that a complicated federal structure obscures the role of state-level actors in the policymaking process.
Measurement of {\sigma _{t\bar{t}}} in 35 \text {pb}^{-1} of Data

A combination of kinematic information about the objects in the event, event shape distributions and the output of a b-jet tagging algorithm. A preliminary version of this analysis was first presented at the Moriond 2011 conference and published as a conference result.
The Effects of a Brief Organization, Time Management, and Planning Intervention for At-Risk College Freshmen

ABSTRACTCollege freshmen who are at greater risk to fail or drop out before attaining a bachelor’s degree are at a distinct disadvantage occupationally, economically, and socially. At-risk students...
Glomus tumor in the abdominal wall

ABSTRACT The glomus tumor is a rare benign soft tissue tumor. We report a case of a 45-year-old male patient who presented with a painful mass in the abdominal wall. The patient underwent total tumor resection and the anatomical pathology diagnosis was of glomus tumor. The glomus tumor presents differential diagnosis of carcinoid tumor, hemangiopericytoma and vascular leiomyoma.
Conclusion: Does Truth Equal Freedom?

The conclusion of this book recaps the major arguments and draws connections to conversations about slavery, the history of biblical interpretation, and the repercussions of slavery today. As this project deals with topics of gender, sexuality, and class, Cobb’s work is in dialogue with scholars addressing these areas in scholarship on Luke-Acts, the Apocryphal Acts, and ancient novels. In this book, the three enslaved female characters in Luke-Acts are placed in dialogue with other contemporaneous texts dealing with slavery, truth, and gender. Through the use of Bakhtinian theory and feminist hermeneutics, the three slave-girls speak truth to power, and truth is then located in the words of female slaves.
Cell fate analysis in fetal mouse lung reveals distinct pathways for TI and TII cell development.

Alveolar type I (TI) cells are large squamous cells that cover >95% of the internal surface area of the lung; type II (TII) cells are small cuboidal cells with distinctive intracellular surfactant ...
Adolescents' Contraceptive Use with School-Discordant Partners: Exploring Individual- and Relationship-Level Characteristics.

CONTEXT Heterosexual adolescents are less likely to use contraceptives when their partners are of different backgrounds or social circles. It is unclear why risky behaviors are more common within these relationships, and characteristics associated with school-discordant partners-that is, partners who do not attend the adolescent's school-are particularly understudied. METHODS Characteristics of romantic relationships and contraceptive use were examined among 1,043 female and 961 male respondents in Waves 1 (1994-1995) and 2 (1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Generalized linear regression and structural equation models identified individual- and relationship-level characteristics that were associated with school-discordant relationships and contraceptive use. RESULTS For females, the likelihood of ever having used a condom with a partner was reduced when that partner had not attended her school at the start of the relationship (odds ratio, 0.5) or when he was two or more years older (0.6). Notably, however, having a school- or age-discordant partner was not associated with ever having used hormonal or dual methods for females, or with any contraceptive measures for males. For females, lower emotional intimacy with school-discordant partners was positively associated with ever having used condoms with such partners (1.2). CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of school-discordant relationships are correlated with condom use in varying and sometimes countervailing ways. Future research examining the mechanisms linking school discordance to decreased condom use, particularly for females, would deepen understanding of the emotional and psychosocial processes involved in adolescents' sexual and contraceptive behavior.
Guaranteed Vehicle Safety Control Using Control-Dependent Barrier Functions

How to guarantee the safety of autonomous ground vehicles is still a significant challenge, although different active safety control systems have been developed, including techniques based on controlled invariant sets and control barrier functions (CBF) that have been proven to guarantee the safety of dynamic systems. To apply these techniques to vehicle safety control, we regarded an estimated lateral stability region of a vehicle as a controlled invariant set. However, the stability region was found to vary with respect to the system control input, which is normally the steering angle. Therefore, the existing definition of the controlled invariant set, which is independent of control inputs, may not be applicable. In this paper, the definition of a controlled invariant set is extended to a control-dependent invariant set, so that the controlled invariant set can vary with control inputs. Based on the extended definition, a new invariance condition using control-dependent barrier function (CDBF) is proposed and applied to the guaranteed vehicle safety control problem. Finally, the guaranteed vehicle safety control is demonstrated by simulation results.
Hauntings of the Underground Railroad: Ghosts of the Midwest

While Tice Davids, an enslaved African American, made his escape from Kentucky to Ohio in 1831 by swimming across the Ohio River, the man who claimed him as property pursued him in a skiff, or shal...
ASSOCIATION OF SILENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN DIABETES: THE ACCORD TRIAL

Cardiovascular risk in those with diabetes mellitus is heterogeneously distributed, prompting the need to develop better risk stratification models for prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. We assessed the usefulness of silent myocardial infarction (SMI) as a predictor of major CVD
Acute neurology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Supporting the front line.

Neurologists are affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in several key ways, including reduced ability to admit and accept in transfer critically ill neurologic patients due to census overflow, personal risk of exposure to COVID-19, and potential redeployment of the acute neurologist workforce towards general medicine to assist our colleagues managing the surge of medical patients. As providers of inpatient and emergency-based acute neurologic care, we have been attempting to prepare for and manage the COVID-19 pandemic locally by focusing on 3 key areas: creating an integrated preparation plan that supports hospital measures; building an optimized, flexible, and redundant workforce; and maintaining a high level of neurologic care in our hospital and across our region despite limited transfer capabilities during the pandemic. This final concern is of key relevance in our region, where our tertiary hospital supports numerous smaller community hospitals, typically by providing an open door to patient transfers. These hospitals are often in rural or frontier regions and are also affected by COVID-19, so not only are beginning to experience their own bed and clinician shortages,1 but are concerned about what the pandemic means for the availability of traditional support systems for other non-COVID-19–related diseases.
Preschoolers Build Fundamental Motor Skills Critical to an Active Lifestyle: The All 4 Kids© Intervention Study.

This pragmatic, real world study examined the effects of the All 4 Kids© intervention on preschoolers' mastery of movement skills and determined whether the instruction had greater impact than natural development. Methods included a quasi-experimental intervention-comparison subsample of 379 children (COMPARISON) and a pretest-posttest design with convenience scale-up sampling of 2817 preschoolers (SCALE-UP). Children receiving education and dance instruction 3 times/week for 8 weeks were assessed using the Preschool Movement Assessment to evaluate skills pre and post intervention. Using repeated measures ANOVA, McNemar and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests, preschooler's participation in the intervention resulted in greater improvement in 12 movement skills (F = 83.451, df = 1, p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.555), balance (p = 0.028), hopping (t = -3.545, df = 112, p = 0.001) and crossing the midline (p < 0.001) than natural development (COMPARISON). In the SCALE-UP study, children significantly improved in all measures based on post-intervention scores. Significant differences were observed between Hispanic and non-Hispanic children for the 12-skills (b = -0.758, se = 0.161, p < 0.001) using hierarchical linear models; boys' and girls' scores were not differentially impacted by the intervention. Therefore, implementation of interventions focused on fundamental movement skill development have the potential to remediate secular motor skill decline in young children.
Epilepsy in adulthood: Prevalence, incidence, and associated antiepileptic drug use in autistic adults in a state Medicaid system

Although epilepsy commonly presents with autism in children, it is currently unknown whether established estimates represent the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in autistic adults. Our objecti...
Observation of High Gain in a CO 2 Amplifier Pumped by a 4.3 μm Laser

Gain dynamics in a 10 μm CO 2 amplifier pumped by a 4.3 μm Fe:ZnSe laser are studied. Measured gain coefficients reached 30%/cm, indicating potentially high efficiency for short pulse amplification.
A validated model for prediction of survival to 6 months in patients with trisomy 13 and 18.

Congenital heart disease is exceedingly prevalent in trisomy 13 and 18. Improved survival following congenital heart surgery has been reported, however, mortality remains significantly elevated. Utilizing inpatient data on trisomy 13 and 18 from the 2003-2016 Pediatric Health Information System database, a survival model was developed and validated using data from the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative and the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. The study cohort included 1,761 infants with trisomy 13 and 18. Two models predicting survival to 6 months of age were developed and tested. The initial model performed excellently, with a c-statistic of 0.87 and a c-statistic of 0.76 in the validation cohort. After excluding procedures performed on the day of death, the revised model's c-statistic was 0.76. Certain variables, including cardiac surgery, gastrostomy, parenteral nutrition, and mechanical ventilation, are predictive of survival to 6 months of age. This study presents a model, which potentially can inform decision-making regarding congenital heart surgery.
School-entry language skills as predictors of concurrent and future academic, social, and adaptive skills in kindergarteners with ASD.

OBJECTIVE This study compared language profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children at kindergarten-entry and investigated whether kindergarten-entry language scores were predictive of concurrent and future academic achievement, peer interactions, and adaptive skills in children with ASD. METHOD Participants included 97 children (62 children with ASD; 35 TD children) assessed at kindergarten-entry and -exit. Language abilities were assessed using the Children's Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2). Children with ASD and TD children's language scores were compared at baseline, and the ASD group was followed longitudinally. Regression analyses were performed to compare language scores between ASD and TD groups and to predict concurrent and future functional skills from kindergarten-entry language scores for children with ASD. RESULTS Children with ASD demonstrated significantly more impairments across all scales of the CCC-2 at kindergarten-entry compared to TD children. Within the ASD group, kindergarten-entry pragmatic language significantly predicted concurrent math and reading achievement. Both syntactic/semantic and pragmatic domains significantly predicted kindergarten-exit reading performance; pragmatics significantly predicted kindergarten-exit math performance. Pragmatics also predicted concurrent and kindergarten-exit peer play. Syntax/semantics significantly predicted concurrent adaptive communication skills, whereas pragmatics significantly predicted concurrent adaptive daily living and socialization skills, as well as kindergarten-exit socialization skills. CONCLUSIONS School-entry language abilities can serve as a valuable predictor of functional outcomes across the kindergarten year for cognitively-able children with ASD. Results highlight the need to target early language abilities to maximize academic, social, and adaptive skills.
Efficacy of elemental mixing of in situ alloyed Al-33wt%Cu during laser powder bed fusion

Abstract Challenges in developing novel alloys, specifically for use in laser powder bed fusion, may be overcome by in situ alloying of elemental powders during laser melting. This process could expedite prototyping of various alloy compositions and alleviate the restrictions and cost barriers of creating custom made alloy powder. In this research, the efficacy of in situ alloying is studied with respect to particle size distributions of the powder blends and the laser process parameters. The microstructure of the Al-Cu eutectic system is used here as an indicator of mixing quality of the constituent elements during laser melting of the particles. Hypo- or hypereutectic regions are readily visible through the dendritic growth of the α or θ phases, indicating regions where the solute concentration deviates from the nominal eutectic composition. Samples were built from four powder blends at a range of scan speeds and powers to show how mixing is affected at different processing parameters. Image analysis and Vickers microhardness tests are both used to characterize the degree of mixing within the samples. Results of this study show that poor mixing can occur due to segregation of elemental powder within the powder blend. This produces local build compositions different than the mean powder composition when the mean particle volume is large enough that the melt pool encompasses too few particles to be a stochastic representation of the blend. Liquid phase intermixing limitations within the pool are thought to be less important than the melt pool volume itself.