cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Five-coordinate Schiff base complexes of gallium. Potential catalysts for the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides

Abstract We report the synthesis of the five-coordinate Schiff-base complexes, (cyc)salenGaCl, (cyc)salenGa(N3), (et)salenGaCl, and (et)salenGa(N3) ((cyc)salenH2 = N,N′-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexyldiimine and (et)salenH2 = N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-ethylenediimine). The four complexes exhibit distorted square pyramidal geometry with the salen ligand forming the basal plane and the chloride or azide in the apical position. Copolymerization studies were conducted with cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide utilizing these derivatives as potential catalysts. In the presence of a Lewis-base co-catalyst, N-methylimidazole or phosphine, formation of polymer is not observed. In the absence of N-methylimidiazole, low molecular weight homopolymer is observed when the chloride species is the catalyst. This is in contrast to studies conducted with (cyc)salenCr(III)Cl, (et)salenCr(III)Cl, or azide derivatives thereof, which produced high-molecular-weight polycyclohexylcarbonate with CO2 incorporation >99% in the presence of N-methylimidazole or phosphines. To cite this article: D.J. Darensbourg, D.R. Billodeaux, C. R. Chimie 7 (2004).
Sexual Complementarity in the Social Structure of Schools.

jobs"? First, however, it is necessary to define the terms of the question. For purposes of this paper, I will define schools as the primary and secondary educational institutions of our society. I have, for the most part, omitted discussion of universities because my source materials deal basically with schooling at the primary and secondary levels, and because the public schools are basic social institutions and their structures may be considered indicative of contemporary and widespread aspects of belief in our plural society. It will, however, be seen later that education in the universities carries essentially the same messages about occupations to women as do the lower schools. The second term from the above question, "soft jobs," describes the sorts of occupations traditionally open to women, such as librarianships, nursing, teaching, and homemaking. Such jobs are termed "soft" because they require nurturing skills, and require their practitioners to develop skills in interpersonal relations rather than skills in manipulation of objects or concepts or skills in using authority. By contrast, the term "hard jobs" refers to occupations where manipulation is the central skill, whether it be the manipulation of tools, as in a machinist's job, the manipulation of concepts, as in a research chemist's job, or the manipulation of persons, as in an executive's job. Hard jobs are generally men's jobs. The question might then be rephrased to ask, "How does the structure of the schools direct women
Intermittent jaundice by tumor emboli from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Free-floating tumor debris or mucobilia as a cause of intermittent obstruction has been described infrequently. A patient with intermittent jaundice caused by tumor emboli from an intrahepatic polypoid mucinous cholangiocarcinoma is presented. Symptoms of intermittent jaundice and midepigastric pain persisted over 5 years despite an initial cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration before definitive diagnosis and treatment of an hepatic trisegmentectomy (segments II, III, and IV). Intraductal mucin was confirmed intraoperatively and pathologically as the cause of the obstructive jaundice. The patient remains asymptomatic and without evidence of disease more than 5 years postoperatively. This report of a predominantly mucin-producing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma details a rare protracted clinical course of intermittent biliary obstruction from mucus emboli and highlights the possibility of long-term survival after complete resection.
Long-term Growth and Persistence of Blue Oak (Quercus douglasii) Seedlings in a California Oak Savanna

ABSTRACT We report on growth and survivorship of two cohorts of blue oaks Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. (Fagaceae) monitored at Hastings Reservation in Monterey County, California, the first growing in an unprotected old field and measured as seedlings in 1965 and the second planted as acorns in 1985 in several sites differing in their degree of protection from grazing. Growth of all individuals was extremely slow: among those surviving in the first cohort, mean (± SD) height in 2006 was only 76.7 ± 45.0 cm for an average growth rate of 1.8 cm yr−1, and only one of the original 73 oaks had grown taller than 1.5 m while one was still a seedling 28 cm in height 41 yr after being first marked. Of the second cohort, mean height 21 yr after planting was 54.3 ± 31.4 cm. None of these latter individuals had grown out of the sapling stage while 25% were still seedlings < 30 cm in height. Growth of this second cohort was significantly greater when protected from grazing and when growing in the open rather than in...
Cell separation by non-inertial force fields in microfluidic systems

Cell and microparticle separation in microfluidic systems has recently gained significant attention in sample preparations for biological and chemical studies. Microfluidic separation is typically achieved by applying differential forces on the target particles to guide them into different paths. This paper reviews basic concepts and novel designs of such microfluidic separators with emphasis on the use of non-inertial force fields, including dielectrophoretic force, optical gradient force, magnetic force, and acoustic primary radiation force. Comparisons of separation performances with discussions on physiological effects and instrumentation issues toward point-of-care devices are provided as references for choosing appropriate separation methods for various applications.
Technology Assessment Methodology for Complementary Logic Applications Based on Energy–Delay Optimization

Historically, the off-state current Ioff and the supply voltage Vdd are specified as technology targets for Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) at each technology node. Emerging device technologies such as III-V transistors, carbon-nanotube FETs (CNFETs), and tunneling FETs (TFETs) are often targeted to outperform Si MOSFETs at the same Ioff and Vdd values. However, the conclusions from the conventional methodology are limited for advanced technology and diversified applications, when Dennard scaling is inefficient and different device structures are invented. We present a new device-technology assessment methodology based on energy-delay optimization, which takes into consideration key circuit-level information, such as logic depth, activity factors, and fanout (FO). Our methodology starts from device I- V and C -V characteristics and treat Ioff and Vdd as “free variables.” Together with device and supply-voltage variations, we obtain a corresponding and different optimal set of Ioff and Vdd and optimal energy-delay for each emerging device. We show that today's best available III-V transistors and CNFETs can outperform the best Si FETs by 1.5-2 and 2-3.5 times in terms of energy efficiency, respectively. Projected into the 10-nm-gate-length regime, III-V-on-insulator, CNFETs, and TFETs are 1.25, 2-3, and 5-10 times better than the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors target, for FO1 delays of 0.3, 0.1, and 1 ns, respectively.
Enhancing Oxidation Performance by Control of Interfacial Segregation and Microstructural Design

Thermally-grown oxide scales on high temperature alloys can provide oxidation protection if they are slow-growing, dense and adherent to the substrate. The factors affecting the integrity of the metal/oxide interface during dynamic oxidation processes are complex and include interfacial segregation, interface morphology, near-interface substrate properties, as well as the development of stresses in the growing oxide scale. Minor additions of reactive elements (RE) to the base metal have been shown to improve the oxidation performance of many high temperature materials. Studies on a variety of alloys have shown that the presence of reactive elements in the alloy affects segregation processes at both the metal/oxide and oxide/oxide interfaces. Whereas segregation to the metal/oxide interface can affect the scale adherence, segregation to the oxide/oxide interfaces in RE-containing systems has been proposed to result in changes in transport mechanisms as well as changes in the scale microstructure itself. High spatial resolution analytical electron microscopy techniques have been used to provide information on the microstructure and microchemistry of the scale and the metal/oxide and oxide/oxide interfaces. In general, in systems which exhibit improved oxidation performance, a consistent set of interfacial segregation phenomena and microstructural features were observed. Examples will be shown from a variety of nickel- and iron-based alumina formers. These kinds of studies, combined with traditional scanning electron microscopy studies of oxide scales can lead to the development of a more complete link between RE doping, interfacial segregation, interfacial/scale microstructure, and oxidation performance.
PERFORMANCE of HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR A SPRAY DRYER

A factorial experimental design was used to study the effect of exhaust heat recovery, air flow rate and outlet temperature on the energy consumption of a spray dryer. A commercial-scale cocurrent flow dryer with pressure atomization was used to dry 15 wt% sodium sulfate solutions. the inlet air to the dryer was preheated by using a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to recover energy from the exhaust air. Heat recovery reduced the energy consumption of the dryer by 12–28%, with the largest reduction occurring at the high levels of air flow rate (13,000 kg/h) and outlet temperature (104°C). the energy consumption of the dryer was lowest when heat was recovered at the low air flow rate (6500 kg/h) and low outlet temperature (82°C). No problems were encountered with fouling or cleaning of the heat exchanger. the total pressure drop across the heat exchanger varied from 0.05–0.2 kPa depending on the air flow rate. This additional flow restriction resulted in an estimated 8% decrease in air flow rate but had negligible effect on energy consumption. the warm-up time and the space required by the heat recovery unit were insignificant factors for this dryer. the payback period of the heat recovery system was estimated as 4.1–5.4 years with a rate of return of 21–28%.
Antipsychotic Prescriptions for Children Aged 5 Years or Younger

1. Ana Lopez-De Fede[1][1] 2. Medha Vyavaharkar[1][1] 3. Jessica D. Bellinger[1][1] 1. 1University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA 1. Ana Lopez-De Fede, Institute for Families in Society, University of South Carolina, 1600 Hampton Street, Suite 507, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. Email: adefede{at}mailbox.sc.edu The use of antipsychotics in very young children is of concern given the lack of empirical evidence in their efficacy and long-term impact on children’s health. This study examined the prescription of antipsychotics among children aged ≤5 years enrolled in a state Medicaid program. Secondary data analysis was conducted using the Medicaid administrative data of a southeastern state. Using SAS 9.3, descriptive statistics were performed to examine socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, off-label use, receipt of medications from multiple psychotropic drug classes, and receipt of non-pharmacologic psychiatric services among children aged ≤5 years who received antipsychotic prescriptions in calendar year (CY) 2011. A total of 112 children in the target age group received antipsychotics in CY 2011, the most common prescription being risperidone. The most common listed psychiatric diagnosis was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Two in five children received antipsychotics for off-label use. Three in four children also received medications from at least one other psychotropic drug class. More than half did not receive adjunct psychiatric services. State-level policies offering specific guidance and recommendations for antipsychotic use among very young children are urgently needed. Future research is warranted to examine long-term impact of such practices on children’s growth and development. [1]: #aff-1
Optimizing error correction of RNAseq reads

Motivation: The correction of sequencing errors contained in Illumina reads derived from genomic DNA is a common pre-processing step in many de novo genome assembly pipelines, and has been shown to improved the quality of resultant assemblies. In contrast, the correction of errors in transcriptome sequence data is much less common, but can potentially yield similar improvements in mapping and assembly quality. This manuscript evaluates several popular read-correction tool's ability to correct sequence errors commonplace to transcriptome derived Illumina reads. Results: I evaluated the efficacy of correction of transcriptome derived sequencing reads using using several metrics across a variety of sequencing depths. This evaluation demonstrates a complex relationship between the quality of the correction, depth of sequencing, and hardware availability which results in variable recommendations depending on the goals of the experiment, tolerance for false positives, and depth of coverage. Overall, read error correction is an important step in read quality control, and should become a standard part of analytical pipelines. Availability: Results are non-deterministically repeatable using AMI:ami-3dae4956 (MacManes EC 2015) and the Makefile available here: https://goo.gl/oVIuE0
Should Informatics Be the Theoretical Paradigm of AIS? A Panel Discussion of AIS Researchers

Some have argued that the absence of a unifying theory has limited the contribution of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) to accounting research and practice. Hunton (2006) proposed the Science of Informatics as a unifying theory. Informatics is an interdisciplinary science that studies the representation, processing and communication of information in natural and artificial systems. The panel discussion, “Informatics: Should This Be the Next Theoretical Paradigm for AIS?”, held at the 2007 AIS Educator Conference, explores this topic. Some panelists expressed concern about the effect on accounting software design and on publishing in top journals of adopting informatics as a theoretical foundation. Others suggested that informatics could provide legitimacy by linking AIS research to the mainstream accounting research. Some panelists believed that an informatics foundation would better position AIS research relative to accounting research and increase funding. Consensus opinion noted the value of more research into the contribution of informatics as a theoretical foundation for AIS. This paper briefly reviews the Science of Informatics, summarizes the panel discussion, and concludes with suggestions for integrating informatics into AIS education.
Engineering a monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase with high selectivity for the condensed lignin precursor coniferyl alcohol

Lignin, a rigid biopolymer in plant cell walls, is derived from the oxidative polymerization of three monolignols. The composition of monolignol monomers dictates the degree of lignin condensation, reactivity, and thus the degradability of plant cell walls. Guaiacyl lignin is regarded as the condensed structural unit. Polymerization of lignin is initiated through the deprotonation of the para-hydroxyl group of monolignols. Therefore, preferentially modifying the para-hydroxyl of a specific monolignol to deprive its dehydrogenation propensity would disturb the formation of particular lignin subunits. Here, we test the hypothesis that specific remodeling the active site of a monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase would create an enzyme that specifically methylates the condensed guaiacyl lignin precursor coniferyl alcohol. Combining crystal structural information with combinatorial active site saturation mutagenesis and starting with the engineered promiscuous enzyme, MOMT5 (T133L/E165I/F175I/F166W/H169F), we incrementally remodeled its substrate binding pocket by the addition of four substitutions, i.e. M26H, S30R, V33S, and T319M, yielding a mutant enzyme capable of discriminately etherifying the para-hydroxyl of coniferyl alcohol even in the presence of excess sinapyl alcohol. The engineered enzyme variant has a substantially reduced substrate binding pocket that imposes a clear steric hindrance thereby excluding bulkier lignin precursors. The resulting enzyme variant represents an excellent candidate for modulating lignin composition and/or structure in planta.
A numerical study of tectonic stress release by underground explosions

abstract Fault dislocation driven by the hoop stress associated with the P wave from an underground explosion is proposed as a mechanism for tectonic stress release. The mechanism is examined in two-dimensional numerical simulations. Determined initial value problems can be posed, from which plots of near-field motion are obtained. If tectonic stress is near the limit allowed by friction, then sliding can explain observed SH amplitudes. The source-time functions of both the explosion and the dislocation are equivalent to step functions at long periods. The corner period for the dislocation is less than 1 sec for low-yield explosions with relative double-couple strengths less than 1.0.
Emergency department utilization of pediatric dermatology (PD) consultations

Background There are few published data about pediatric dermatology (PD) consultations in the pediatric emergency department (PED). Objective We profiled PD consultations to determine patterns of dermatology utilization by the PED. Methods We reviewed electronic medical records of 347 PD consultations from the PED over a 36-month period from January 2011 to December 2013. We recorded patient age and gender; PED diagnosis; PD diagnosis; skin biopsy, if needed, with histopathology report; and outpatient PD follow-up. Results Patient age ranged from 3 days to 18 years with the majority (54.8%) of consultations for patients aged 0 days to 5 years. The most common diagnostic categories were infections and inflammatory skin disorders. Atopic dermatitis was the most common individual diagnosis. In all, 48.1% of patients had PD outpatient clinic follow-up. The rate of diagnostic agreement between the pediatric emergency medicine and PD provider was 58%. Limitations Use of electronic medical records, retrospective study design, and population based at a tertiary-care children's hospital represent potential limitations. Conclusions PD providers contribute to patient care in the PED. Dermatology education in the PED should include the more commonly encountered disorders identified in this study, including infectious diseases and atopic dermatitis.
Were Compulsory and Child Labor Laws Effective? An Analysis from 1915 to 1939

Were compulsory attendance and child labor laws responsible for the incredible growth in secondary schooling from 1915 to 1939? Using 1960 census data, I find that legally requiring a child to attend school for one more year, either by increasing the age required for a work permit or by lowering the entrance age, increased educational attainment by 5%. The effect was similar for white males and females, but there was no effect for blacks. Continuation school laws requiring working children to attend school on a part-time basis were effective for white males only. These laws increased the education only of those in the lower percentiles of the education distribution, thereby decreasing education inequality, perhaps by as much as 15%. States with higher wealth, higher percentage of immigrants or lower percentage of blacks were more likely to pass stringent laws. The results also suggest that these laws were not endogenous.
Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Array Based Thermal Interface Material After Bonding Process

Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Arrays are promising to use as advanced thermal interface material. While possessing high thermal conductivity for an individual tube, carbon nanotube array based thermal interface materials (TIMs) fell short of expectations due to poor CNTs-target surface contacts. Investigations suggested that the overall resistance can be potentially reduced to less than 1 m2 -K/MW by increasing the number of tubes to target surface contacts. This paper use chromium/gold/indium assisted thermal pressure-bonding to enhance contacts. A CNT array with 12.7% areal density was bonded to an experimental glass surface with 2-μm indium bonding layer and 10 nm-chromium/150 nm-gold adhesion layers under pressure of 196 KPa and temperature of 350 °C. Phase sensitive photothermal reflectance method was used for thermal measurement. The overall resistance, including CNTs-glass contact resistance and effective CNT array thermal resistance, is 1.1 m2 -K/MW ± 27%. Although the contact resistance was reduced to 0.39 m2 -K/MW ± 15%, the effective thermal conductivity of the post-bonded 80 μm long CNTs was 114 W/m-K ± 22%, which was lower than the expected lower bound of the thermal conductivity of 12.7% filled CNT array. It was suggested that the deformation of CNT array after mechanical bonding reduced its performance.© 2010 ASME
A CASE OF STUMP APPENDICITIS DIAGNOSED PREOPERATIVELY BY ABDOMINAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

症例は60歳,男性,約40年前に虫垂切除術を受けた既往がある.右下腹部痛を主訴に当院を受診した.右下腹部には手術瘢痕を認め,同部位に圧痛, Blumberg徴候,筋性防御を認めた.白血球数16,500/μL, CRP7.1mg/dLで虫垂切除の既往があるにもかかわらず腹部エコーとCT像において糞石およびそれに連続する索状物が認められ,遺残虫垂炎と診断し初日は抗生剤を投与して経過観察した.しかし翌日にさらに炎症所見の増悪を認めたため,緊急開腹手術を施行した.約25mmの腫大した遺残虫垂炎で虫垂切除を施行した.病理組織学的に急性壊疽性虫垂炎であった. 右下腹部痛を主訴とする患者を診察する場合,以前に虫垂切除を受けた既往があれば急性虫垂炎は除外してしまいがちであるが,遺残虫垂炎の可能性を念頭におく必要がある.また通常の虫垂切除術においては虫垂根部まで十分に露出して切離することが重要である.
Legislation of Mountain Sustainable Development and a Presentation and Evaluation on the Romania Mountain Law

Nowadays,the sustainable legislation of mountain has become a new and worldwide trend with the developing of International Mountain Law and Foreign Mountain Law.With the methods of the reference analysis and comparison analysis,we first probe the basic content of the mountain and the mountain law,and then we study the aims,fundamental principles,the legal definition of mountain,the mountain management and its institutional setting,the social and economical development of the mountain,the environmental protection of the mountain,etc.Finally,we base on the appraise of Romania Mountain law,suggesting that China should enact a comprehensive law—Mountain Law,so that we can make the mountain policy and legal developing well,and guarantee the sustainable development of Chinese mountain.
Fecal coliform bacteria in the rapid detection of fecal

Objective:To study the fecal rapid detection of fecal coliform.Methods: The feces collected from the mouth of the toilet dilute manure,the use of GB 5979-1987 "standard fecal harmless" in the multi-barrel fermentation and rapid detection of fecal coliform test in which both fecal coliform.Results: The rapid detection of fecal coliform determination results in a multi-tube fermentation method for the determination of the results to fluctuate within ±10%,both methods have good correlation,the correlation coefficient was 0.9676.Conclusion: The rapid detection of fecal coliform bacteria in feces for rapid detection of fecal coliform is feasible.
China’s Global Energy Diplomacy: Behavior Normalization Through Economic Interdependence or Resource Neo-mercantilism and Power Politics?

The magnitude of China’s energy needs and global energy acquisitions, and their recent emergence as key features of the international system, raise many sensitive questions: will China adapt to or reshape the international system as historically defined by the hegemonic West, and what is the role of its energy policy, politics, and resource nationalism in a possible new Great Game? While much of the current literature posits an either/or approach (China adapts to energy market or tries to redefine them as a part of a wider political plan), our hypothesis is that China is essentially a pragmatic actor who reacts to the forces in presence, rather than a revisionist power with a grand plan to realign the world order to suit its needs and satisfy some kind of pre-established grand vision. We posit that China goes beyond conformity with or resistance to the established energy market and the power relations they underpin: While local circumstances may be considered variables, its fixed objective is a stable international order and the pragmatic satisfaction of its energy needs in order to insure continued economic growth and general stability at home.
Direct fixation of the malar pad

In most patients, the upper portion of the subcutaneous fatty mass--the malar pad--is modest in size and only moderately displaced inferiorly. Mobilization of the malar pad together with the ovelying skin flap achieves a pleasing result in these cases. Occasionally a patient will present with very prominent and ptotic malar fat pads and deep nasolabial folds that cannot be adequately addressed by existing methods. This article describes a technique of malar pad suspension by direct suturing that preserves the blood supply to the pad while placing it in a higher, more aesthetic position.
Biochemical Signal Transfer using Liposomes in Microfluidic Channels

We demonstrate signal transfer using liposomes loaded with a “secondary messenger” and chemically sensitive hydrogels. The device consists of emulsion filter, chemically responsive hydrogel posts and filter-captured liposome complexes which contain the secondary chemical messenger. In response to external stimuli (in this case, a detergent or protein), the liposome complexes unload the encapsulated chemical messenger. This release in turn triggers dissolution of hydrogel structures downstream, thereby transferring the original signal.
Conducting Simulation Studies in Psychometrics

Simulation studies are fundamental to psychometric discourse and play a crucial role in operational and academic research. Yet, resources for psychometricians interested in conducting simulations are scarce. This Instructional Topics in Educational Measurement Series (ITEMS) module is meant to address this deficiency by providing a comprehensive introduction to the topic of simulation that can be easily understood by measurement specialists at all levels of training and experience. Specifically, this module describes the vocabulary used in simulations, reviews their applications in recent literature, and recommends specific guidelines for designing simulation studies and presenting results. Additionally, an example (including computer code in R) is given to demonstrate how common aspects of simulation studies can be implemented in practice and to provide a template to help users build their own simulation.
PLC: A Vehicle for Marketing Mix Development

The following paper presents a taxonomy of normative marketing strategies based upon the product life cycle concept.
What artifice can and cannot tell us about animal behavior.

Artifice – the manipulation of social and environmental stimuli - is fundamental to research in animal behavior. State-of-the-art techniques have been developed to generate and present complex visual stimuli. These techniques have unique strengths and limitations. However, many of the issues with synthetic animation and virtual reality are common to playback experiments in general, including those using unmanipulated video or auditory stimuli. Playback experiments, in turn, fall into the broader category of experiments that artificially manipulate the array of stimuli experienced by a subject. We argue that the challenges of designing and interpreting experiments using virtual reality or synthetic animations are largely comparable to those of studies using older technologies or addressing other modalities, and that technology alone is unlikely to solve these challenges. We suggest that appropriate experimental designs are the key to validating behavioral responses to artificial stimuli and to interpreting all studies using artifice, including those that present complex visual displays.
Lincoln and Chief Justice Taney: Slavery, Secession, and the President's War Powers

The clashes between President Abraham Lincoln and Chief Justice Roger B. Taney over slavery, secession, and the president's constitutional war powers went to the heart of Lincoln's presidency. James F. Simon, author of the acclaimed "What Kind of Nation" - an account of the battle between President Thomas Jefferson and Chief Justice John Marshall to define the new nation - brings to vivid life the passionate struggle during the worst crisis in the nation's history, the Civil War. The issues that underlaid that crisis - race, states' rights, and the president's wartime authority - resonate today in the nation's political debate. Lincoln and Taney's bitter disagreements began with Taney's Dred Scott opinion in 1857, when the chief justice declared that the Constitution did not grant the black man any rights that the white man was bound to honor. In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln attacked the opinion as a warped judicial interpretation of the Framers' intent and accused Taney of being a member of a pro-slavery national conspiracy. In his first inaugural address, President Lincoln insisted that the South had no legal right to secede. Taney, who administered the oath of office to Lincoln, believed that the South's secession was legal and in the best interests of both sections of the country. Once the Civil War began, Lincoln broadly interpreted his constitutional powers as commander in chief to prosecute the war, suspending the writ of habeas corpus, censoring the mails, and authorizing military courts to try civilians for treason. Taney opposed every presidential wartime intiative and openly challenged Lincoln's suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. He accused the president of assuming dictatorial powers in violation of the Constitution. Lincoln ignored Taney's protest, convinced that his actions were both constitutional and necessary to preserve the union. Almost 150 years after Lincoln's and Taney's deaths, their words and actions reverberate in constitutional debate and political battle. Lincoln and Chief Justice Taney tells their dramatic story in fascinating detail.
Incidence of SCN-Assoicated Gene Mutations in Severe Congenital Neutropenia Patients in North America

Abstract Severe congenital neutropenia is a genetically heterogeneous syndrome associated with mutations in several different genes including ELA2, HAX1, GFI1, WAS, and CSF3R. The goal of this study was to define the mutation frequency of these genes in the North American SCN patient population. We also sequenced SBDS, since mutations of SBDS have been associated with congenital and acquired neutropenia. A total of 159 patients were identified in the North American Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry (SCNIR) for whom informed consent and genomic DNA samples adequate for sequencing were available. To accommodate our semi-automated high-throughput sequencing pipeline, 94 samples were chosen for sequencing. Since ELA2 sequencing had already been performed in most cases, preference was given to those samples without known ELA2 mutation. Among the samples, 73 were from patients with SCN, 4 with cyclic neutropenia, 10 with idiopathic neutropenia, 2 with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS), and 3 with Barth syndrome. Two samples were excluded because of poor sequence quality. Singleton cases with validated mutations of GFI1 (N382S) and WAS (L270P) were observed. The N382S GFI1 mutation was associated with striking monocytosis. A novel nonsense mutation of GFI1 (R412X) was detected in one additional case. As expected, compound heterozygous mutations of SBDS were present in the two cases of SDS. In addition, heterozygous mutations of SBDS (84Cfs3X and Q94X) were observed in two cases of SCN. Typical truncation mutations of CSF3R were detected in 4 cases, all developing MDS or AML. Surprisingly, no mutations of HAX1 were detected. Considering only patients with a diagnosis of SCN who were from North America (125 of the total 159 cases), the incidence of ELA2 mutations was 68%. Eleven novel ELA2 mutations were identified. In 28.8% of cases, no mutation of any gene were detected. Based on these data, we recommend that ELA2 genotyping be performed in all patients with suspected SCN. In the North American population mutations in HAX1, GFI1, SBDS, and WAS are rare and routine genotyping is not indicated. Finally, the data suggest that there are yet undiscovered genetic causes of SCN.
Influences of a Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere (Eastern Hemlock) Riparian Habitat on a Lotic Benthic Community

Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock) forests provide unique riparian zones that can influence adjacent streams, but increasing mortality from the invasive Adelges tsugae (Hemlock Woolly Adelgid) is eliminating this distinctive landscape component in some regions. The objective of this study was to determine if a stream section within a hemlock ravine harbored a unique benthic community as compared to other sections of the stream that could be threatened in the event of a Hemlock Woolly Adelgid outbreak. We sampled benthic algae and macroinvertebrates in an unnamed tributary of Sugar Creek within Beach City Wildlife Area, OH, in April and September 2015. The stream flows through 3 riparian habitats: beech—maple upland forest, hemlock ravine, and lowland forest dominated by Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple), A. negundo (Box Elder), and Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore). Our results show that Chironomidae, Navicula, Caloneis, and Nitzschia were the dominant taxa across all 3 stream sections, but that benthic macroinvertebrate richness and density were significantly lower in the hemlock ravine when compared to the lowland habitat. Periphyton community metrics were not significantly affected by riparian habitat. Overall, seasonality was more influential than riparian habitat on benthic community composition; specific taxa were indicative of either the spring or summer season. Connectivity between stream sites and/or the abundance of sandstone bedrock substrate at many sample locations might account for the similarity in benthic communities across these 3 habitats.
PLK1 inhibition enhances temozolomide efficacy in IDH1 mutant gliomas.

// Robert F. Koncar 1 , Zhengtao Chu 1 , Lindsey E. Romick-Rosendale 2 , Susanne I. Wells 2 , Timothy A. Chan 3 , Xiaoyang Qi 1 , El Mustapha Bahassi 1 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA 2 Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA 3 Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Correspondence to: El Mustapha Bahassi, email: bhassiem@uc.edu Keywords: glioma, IDH1, temozolomide, PLK1, checkpoint adaptation Received: September 09, 2016 Accepted: January 04, 2017 Published: February 02, 2017 ABSTRACT Despite multimodal therapy with radiation and the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), malignant gliomas remain incurable. Up to 90% of grades II-III gliomas contain a single mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ) allele. IDH1 mutant-mediated transformation is associated with TMZ resistance; however, there is no clinically available means of sensitizing IDH1 mutant tumors to TMZ. In this study we sought to identify a targetable mechanism of TMZ resistance in IDH1 mutant tumors to enhance TMZ efficacy. IDH1 mutant astrocytes rapidly bypassed the G2 checkpoint with unrepaired DNA damage following TMZ treatment. Checkpoint adaptation was accompanied by PLK1 activation and IDH1 mutant astrocytes were more sensitive to treatment with BI2536 and TMZ in combination (<20% clonogenic survival) than either TMZ (~60%) or BI2536 (~75%) as single agents. In vivo , TMZ or BI2536 alone had little effect on tumor size. Combination treatment caused marked tumor shrinkage in all mice and complete tumor regression in 5 of 8 mice. Mutant IDH1 promotes checkpoint adaptation which can be exploited therapeutically with the combination of TMZ and a PLK1 inhibitor, indicating PLK1 inhibitors may be clinically valuable in the treatment of IDH1 mutant gliomas.
Advances in the clinical translation of nanotechnology

The use of novel materials in the nano-scale size range for applications in devices, drugs and diagnostic agents comes with a number of new opportunities, and also serious challenges to human applications. The larger size of particulate-based agents, as compared to traditional drugs, allows for the significant advantages of multivalency and multi-functionality. However, the human use of nanomaterials requires a thorough understanding of the biocompatibility of the synthetic molecules and their complex pharmacology. Possible toxicities created by the unusual properties of the nanoparticles are neither well-understood, nor predictable yet. A key to the successful use of the burgeoning field of nanomaterials as diagnostic and therapeutic agents will be to appropriately match the biophysical features of the particle to the disease system to be evaluated or treated.
Procedural justice in local climate adaptation: political capabilities and transformational change

ABSTRACTClimate adaptation politics presents both obstacles and opportunities for correcting inequities that leave some communities especially vulnerable to climate-related environmental harms. By revealing these obstacles and opportunities, theories of procedural justice can help to identify procedural reforms and political strategies that advance the interests of vulnerable populations. An account of procedural justice is proposed that foregrounds the capability for political control over one’s environment, defined as having the political power to influence adaptation decisions. While the variables shaping this capability in the politics of environmental injustice often interact in ways that reproduce environmental inequities, adaptation politics has the potential to produce more transformational outcomes. To illustrate this potential, differences between the politics of environmental injustice and the politics of climate adaptation are drawn on to sketch the basic features of a typology of vulnerable p...
Cost Aware cloudlet Placement for big data processing at the edge

As accessing computing resources from the remote cloud for big data processing inherently incurs high end-to-end (E2E) delay for mobile users, cloudlets, which are deployed at the edge of networks, can potentially mitigate this problem. Although load offloading in cloudlet networks has been proposed, placing the cloudlets to minimize the deployment cost of cloudlet providers and E2E delay of user requests has not been addressed so far. The locations and number of cloudlets and their servers have a crucial impact on both the deployment cost and E2E delay of user requests. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the Cost Aware cloudlet PlAcement in moBiLe Edge computing strategy (CAPABLE) to optimize the tradeoff between the deployment cost and E2E delay. When cloudlets are already placed in the network, we also design a load allocation scheme to minimize the E2E delay of user requests by assigning the workload of each region to the suitable cloudlets. The performance of CAPABLE is demonstrated by extensive simulation results.
To Which Earthly Categories Do Not Apply: Spirit Photography, Filipino Ghosts, and the Global Occult at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

AbstractIn this article I examine an album of spirit photographs published in Barcelona circa 1903. The album comprises two photograph collections, one of photos taken in a studio in Manila, the Philippines, another belonging to Dr. Theodore Hansmann, a German immigrant to the USA who was one of the country’s most ardent advocates and researchers of spirit photography. Apart from their overt share in a genre, it is unclear what connects these two collections and who exactly brought them together. I draw from this ambiguity in order to explore the tension between spiritism as a philosophy and practice that traveled via historically specific colonial routes and were localized to particular political and cultural contexts, and spiritism as a global occult movement founded precisely on the promise of transcending metaphysical and spatial boundaries.
Role of working memory and lexical knowledge in perceptual restoration of interrupted speech.

The role of working memory (WM) capacity and lexical knowledge in perceptual restoration (PR) of missing speech was investigated using the interrupted speech perception paradigm. Speech identification ability, which indexed PR, was measured using low-context sentences periodically interrupted at 1.5 Hz. PR was measured for silent gated, low-frequency speech noise filled, and low-frequency fine-structure and envelope filled interrupted conditions. WM capacity was measured using verbal and visuospatial span tasks. Lexical knowledge was assessed using both receptive vocabulary and meaning from context tests. Results showed that PR was better for speech noise filled condition than other conditions tested. Both receptive vocabulary and verbal WM capacity explained unique variance in PR for the speech noise filled condition, but were unrelated to performance in the silent gated condition. It was only receptive vocabulary that uniquely predicted PR for fine-structure and envelope filled conditions. These finding...
Pulp Washing With FMC Inline Extractors

The importance of this development to the citrus industry need not be further discussed as all of you are well aware of financial advantage possible through pulp washing.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Preventive healthcare services use among transgender young adults.

ABSTRACTBackground/Aims: Existing research on the health of transgender young adults focuses largely on gender-related care with little attention to important preventive healthcare services such as well-visits, vaccination and screening.Methods: We analyzed data from a national sample of transgender young adults in the United States who were 18–26 years of age and completed an online survey during Fall 2013 (n = 34). Most respondents were 22–26 years old (59%) and non-Hispanic White (68%). We calculated descriptive statistics (i.e., frequencies and percentages) to describe transgender young adults use of preventive healthcare services, with particular attention to vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) and sexual health services. We also examined the acceptability of home-based self-testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which could be a novel strategy for increasing screening among this population.Results: Only 35% of respondents reported either receiving a routine check-up (past yea...
Fathers with Childhood ADHD, Parenting, and Their Young Children’s Behavior: Offspring of the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS)

Despite high heritability, no research has followed children with ADHD to parenthood to study their offspring and parenting behaviors. Given greater prevalence of ADHD in males and lack of research involving fathers, this study evaluated offspring of fathers with and without ADHD histories for ADHD and disruptive behavior and compared fathers' parenting behaviors. Male fathers (N = 29) from the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS) participated with their preschool-aged offspring. Fathers completed self-reported measures, and father-child dyads completed an interaction task. ADHD offspring had elevated ADHD symptoms and behavior dysregulation. All fathers displayed positive parenting. ADHD fathers reported lower supportive responses to their child's negative emotions than comparison fathers, yet rated their parenting as more efficacious. ADHD offspring were distinguishable as early as age 3; thus, earlier diagnosis and intervention may be feasible for this at-risk population. Future research should investigate the acceptability and efficacy of parent training for fathers with ADHD.
Understanding multidirectional instability of the shoulder.

Objective To provide an overview of the evaluation and treatment of the patient with multidirectional shoulder instability. Data sources I searched MEDLINE for the years from 1980 to 2000 using the key words "shoulder joint," "instability," "dislocation," "multidirectional shoulder instability," and "inferior capsular shift." Data synthesis Multidirectional instability is symptomatic glenohumeral subluxation or dislocation in more than 1 direction: anterior, inferior, or posterior. The primary pathology is a loose and patulous capsule, and the entity is more common than previously recognized. Multidirectional instability affects young, sedentary patients with generalized ligamentous laxity, often with bilateral symptoms and an atraumatic history, but it also affects athletes, many of whom have sustained injuries. Patients with multidirectional instability may also have Bankart lesions and humeral head impression defects. Conclusions/recommendations Patients with multidirectional instability must be identified before appropriate treatment can be initiated. If a course of rehabilitation fails to improve the patient's symptoms, an inferior capsular shift procedure has been demonstrated to be an effective surgical option.
Modeling Focused CW Mm-Wave Scattering of a Penetrable Dielectric Slab Affixed to a Human Body

Predictive 3D mm-wave nearfield radar modeling requires challenging tradeoffs between computational size and accuracy. For raster-scanned focused spot antenna systems, both the focusing array antenna and the target region must be finely and fully sampled, but the intervening space is large, making the computational space huge. For focusing along the axis in target geometries with only material variation in range, it is possible to scale the transmitter/receiver array and its range to target by a factor of two or four. But for even small amounts of off-axis focusing, the scaling must be done with care to avoid specular reflected rays that might miss the scaled transceiver array. Simulations based on ray analysis, analytic arrays of dipoles, and Quasi-Axisymmetric Finite Difference Frequency Domain (QAFDFD) compare well with each other. Only QAFDFD, however, can model target edge effects in the presence of large ground planes.
Naloxone perspectives from people who use opioids: Findings from an ethnographic study in three states.

BACKGROUND Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can reverse an opioid overdose. Increased opioid-related mortality rates led to greater distribution of naloxone without a prescription and administration of naloxone by laypersons. This study fills a gap in knowledge of naloxone experiences among active users of opioids living in suburban communities. PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to provide nurse practitioners with an in-depth understanding of current naloxone use practices among people who experience overdose events. The specific aims are to compare access to naloxone in diverse suburban towns, to examine administration differences across settings, and to understand perspectives on naloxone experiences from people who are actively using opioids. METHODOLOGICAL ORIENTATION The data for this analysis were drawn from an ethnographic study in the suburban towns around Atlanta, Georgia; Boston, Massachusetts; and New Haven, Connecticut. Short surveys and in-depth interviews were collected. Inductive methods were used to compare data across settings. SAMPLE The sample of 106 included 48% female, 62% White, 24% African American/Black, 13% more than one race, and 21% Hispanic/Latinx. The mean age was 41.35 years. CONCLUSIONS Differences between study settings in access to naloxone, administration frequency, and delivery systems were found. Findings suggest more education and training is needed in overdose prevention and harm reduction intervention. Studies on delivery systems need to address the increase in fentanyl-related overdoses. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurse practitioners can help to target distribution of naloxone in local communities, facilitate collaboration with harm reduction services, and provide evidence-based education and training to laypersons.