cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of dietary supplements for nutritional, toxic, and other elements

Abstract Thirty-six elements were determined in 42 dietary supplements by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, instrumental neutron and prompt gamma-ray activation analysis, and flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. This multielement capability enabled determination of concentrations of nutritional and toxic elements. For most products, Al levels can be explained by the presence of a soil component. Soil and excipient content (as much as 10.9 and 27.6% by weight, respectively) and the fraction of elements in soil and biological portions of the matrices were estimated. Potential element intakes from these supplements based on label dosages and average dietary intakes from food were calculated. Some products were found to provide amounts of Pb, Zn, Mn, Mo, Cu, and Fe in excess of levels generally accepted as safe by national and international organizations. Intakes of Mg, Cr, and Ca from some supplement products may augment average dietary intakes from food to meet established nutritional requirements.
Section 94 developer contributions and marginal cost pricing

Abstract Developer contributions for infrastructure are a major feature of the development scene in New South Wales. They are enabled under s. 94 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979. The second edition of the Section 94 Contributions Plans Revised Manual has now been in operation for three years. Although it incorporates important additional material compared to the first edition, it still does not address the problem of the efficient pricing of infrastructure through properly calculated s. 94 developer contributions. This paper sets out the case for using marginal cost pricing to determine the magnitude of developer contributions. It argues that the efficient pricing of local government service infrastructure should be viewed as part of the larger process of microeconomic reform in local government.
Myocardial lactate production in patients with angina-like chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries and left ventricle.

Abstract Twenty-nine patients with angina-like chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries and left ventricle underwent rapid coronary sinus pacing with sampling of coronary sinus and arterial blood for lactate and recording of electrocardiograms and left ventricular pressures. In 25 patients immediate postpacing left ventricular cineangiograms were obtained. Two groups were defined: 9 patients who showed evidence of myocardial lactate production and 20 who did not. The degree of S-T segment depression with pacing provided the only means of separating lactate producers (> 2 mm) from nonproducers (
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DATA TRANSMISSION PERFORMANCE FOR ROTATING WIRELESS SENSORS USING AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUEST

IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor radios have limited resources, resulting in a higher probability of transmission errors in monitoring fast rotating structures such as the machinery spindle. To achieve reliable data transmission with wireless sensors, one feasible approach is to use automatic repeat request (ARQ) where packets that are not acknowledged are retransmitted immediately after timeout. The objective of this paper is to experimentally study the ARQ-based data transmission performance of IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor radios on a mechanical rotation apparatus. Using a specially designed rotation apparatus, the ARQ-based data transmission performance has been studied in terms of the data throughput and packet error rate (PER). It is found that ARQ is able to improve the data throughput performance and decrease the cycle PER at the cost of degrading the transmission energy efficiency. A throughput model is further proposed and validated for rotating wireless sensors when ARQ is implemented.
REDUCED METHYLENE BLUE AS A STAIN FOR CRUSTACEAN NERVES.

Effective in situ staining of crustacean nerves was achieved with leuco methylene blue reduced with either ascorbic acid or sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4). A stock solution of methylene blue, 0.4% (ca. 0.001 M), and the reductants, ascorbic acid or sodium hydrosulfite (0.01 M), were prepared in van Harreveld's crayfish physiological solution. Methylene blue stock solution was mixed with either of the reductants in the approximate ratio of 1:10, v/v, and titrated to the end point. Ascorbic acid reduction is light catalyzed and requires intense illumination during titration. The cleared or leucomethylene blue stock solution is suitable for immediate use as a working nerve stain. With either reductant, the working solution oxidizes on standing in air, but can be titrated repeatedly without loss of staining properties. Dissected nerve trunks or tissue were immersed in the working stain for 20 min at room temperature and the staining process observed until suitable contrast developed. Excess dye was decanted an...
Characterization of the reductase domain of rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase generated in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Calmodulin response is complete within the reductase domain itself

Rat neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) is comprised of a flavin-containing reductase domain and a heme-containing oxygenase domain. Calmodulin binding to nNOS increases the rate of electron transfer from NADPH into its flavins, triggers electron transfer from flavins to the heme, activates NO synthesis, and increases reduction of artificial electron acceptors such as cytochrome c. To investigate what role the reductase domain plays in calmodulin's activation of these functions, we overexpressed a form of the nNOS reductase domain (amino acids 724-1429) in the yeast Pichia pastoris that for the first time exhibits a complete calmodulin response. The reductase domain was purified by 2',5'-ADP affinity chromatography yielding 25 mg of pure protein per liter of culture. It contained 1 FAD and 0.8 FMN per molecule. Most of the protein as isolated contained an air-stable flavin semiquinone radical that was sensitive to FeCN6 oxidation. Anaerobic titration of the FeCN6-oxidized reductase domain with NADPH indicated the flavin semiquinone re-formed after addition of 1-electron equivalent and the flavins could accept up to 3 electrons from NADPH. Calmodulin binding to the recombinant reductase protein increased its rate of NADPH-dependent flavin reduction and its rate of electron transfer to cytochrome c, FeCN6, or dichlorophenolindophenol to fully match the rate increases achieved when calmodulin bound to native full-length nNOS. Calmodulin's activation of the reductase protein was associated with an increase in domain tryptophan and flavin fluorescence. We conclude that many of calmodulin's actions on native nNOS can be fully accounted for through its interaction with the nNOS reductase domain itself.
Potential Therapeutic Competition in Community-Living Older Adults in the U.S.: Use of Medications That May Adversely Affect a Coexisting Condition

Objective The 75% of older adults with multiple chronic conditions are at risk of therapeutic competition (i.e. treatment for one condition may adversely affect a coexisting condition). The objective was to determine the prevalence of potential therapeutic competition in community-living older adults.
Modification of the carbon arc searchlight for producing experimental flashburns.

During the past five years, a carbon arc source, which is basically a 24-in. Corps of Engineers searchlight with the standard parabolic mirror replaced by an ellipsoidal reflector, has been developed for use in a study of radiant energy burns in experimental animals. Accessory equipment has been devised which permits control over irradiance and exposure time, with a maximum irradiance of about 31.8 cal/cm2–sec, and a minimum exposure time of 0.1 second. This report describes the source and its operational characteristics.
Coordination and Processing of DNA Ends During Double-Strand Break Repair: The Role of the Bacteriophage T4 Mre11/Rad50 (MR) Complex

The in vivo functions of the bacteriophage T4 Mre11/Rad50 (MR) complex (gp46/47) in double-strand-end processing, double-strand break repair, and recombination-dependent replication were investigated. The complex is essential for T4 growth, but we wanted to investigate the in vivo function during productive infections. We therefore generated a suppressed triple amber mutant in the Rad50 subunit to substantially reduce the level of complex and thereby reduce phage growth. Growth-limiting amounts of the complex caused a concordant decrease in phage genomic recombination-dependent replication. However, the efficiencies of double-strand break repair and of plasmid-based recombination-dependent replication remained relatively normal. Genetic analyses of linked markers indicated that double-strand ends were less protected from nuclease erosion in the depleted infection and also that end coordination during repair was compromised. We discuss models for why phage genomic recombination-dependent replication is more dependent on Mre11/Rad50 levels when compared to plasmid recombination-dependent replication. We also tested the importance of the conserved histidine residue in nuclease motif I of the T4 Mre11 protein. Substitution with multiple different amino acids (including serine) failed to support phage growth, completely blocked plasmid recombination-dependent replication, and led to the stabilization of double-strand ends. We also constructed and expressed an Mre11 mutant protein with the conserved histidine changed to serine. The mutant protein was found to be completely defective for nuclease activities, but retained the ability to bind the Rad50 subunit and double-stranded DNA. These results indicate that the nuclease activity of Mre11 is critical for phage growth and recombination-dependent replication during T4 infections.
Emissions of volatile organic compounds during the decomposition of plant litter

[1] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted during plant litter decomposition, and such VOCs can have wide-ranging impacts on atmospheric chemistry, terrestrial biogeochemistry, and soil ecology. However, we currently have a limited understanding of the relative importance of biotic versus abiotic sources of these VOCs and whether distinct types of litter emit different types and quantities of VOCs during decomposition. We analyzed VOCs emitted by microbes or by abiotic mechanisms during the decomposition of litter from 12 plant species in a laboratory experiment using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Net emissions from litter with active microbial populations (non-sterile litters) were between 0 and 11 times higher than emissions from sterile controls over a 20-d incubation period, suggesting that abiotic sources of VOCs are generally less important than biotic sources. In all cases, the sterile and non-sterile litter treatments emitted different types of VOCs, with methanol being the dominant VOC emitted from litters during microbial decomposition, accounting for 78 to 99% of the net emissions. We also found that the types of VOCs released during biotic decomposition differed in a predictable manner among litter types with VOC profiles also changing as decomposition progressed over time. These results show the importance of incorporating both the biotic decomposition of litter and the species-dependent differences in terrestrial vegetation into global VOC emission models.
Context influences spatial frames of reference in bonobos (Pan paniscus)

Primates must solve complex spatial problems when foraging, such as finding patchy resources and navigating between different locations. However, the nature of the cognitive representations supporting these types of behaviors is currently unclear. In humans, there has been great debate concerning the relative importance of egocentric representations (which are viewer-dependent) versus allocentric representations (which are based on aspects of the external environment). Comparative studies of nonhuman apes can illuminate which aspects of human spatial cognition are shared with other primates, versus which aspects are unique to our lineage. The current studies therefore examined spatial cognitive development in one of our closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) across contexts. The first study assessed how younger bonobos encode locations in a place-response task in which apes first learn that one of two locations is consistently baited with a reward, and then must approach the two locations from a flipped perspective. The second study examined how a larger age sample of bonobos responded to a spatial relations task in which they first experience that one location is baited, and then can generalize this learning to a new set of targets. Results indicated that while bonobos exhibited a predominantly allocentric strategy in the first study, they consistently exhibited an egocentric strategy in the second. Together, these results show that bonobos can use both strategies to encode spatial information, and illuminate the complementary contributions to cognition made by egocentric and allocentric representations.
Unsaturated zone studies of the degradation and movement of aldicarb and aldoxycarb residues

Unsaturated zone studies to measure the movement and degradation of aldicarb and aldoxycarb residues were conducted in 1983 at seven locations: Maricopa, Arizona; Harrellsville, North Carolina; Blackstone, Virginia; Blissfield, Michigan; Bluecast, Indiana; Pasco, Washington; and Fort Pierce, Florida. The Blissfield and Bluecast studies also included monitoring of tile-drain water and the Fort Pierce test included shallow ground water analyses. These research studies indicate that aldicarb or aldoxycarb residues will not enter drinking water supplies under agricultural conditions similar to those encountered in these seven field studies. Most, if not all, of the residues will degrade in the unsaturated zone at a rate corresponding to half-lives of between 0.5 and 2.0 months. The field studies also demonstrate that aldicarb and aldoxycarb residues degrade at about the same rate.
A review of the epidemiologic evidence concerning the reproductive health effects of caffeine consumption: A 2000-2009 update

This review of human studies of caffeine and reproductive health published between January 2000 and December 2009 serves to update the comprehensive review published by Leviton and Cowan (2002). The adverse reproductive outcomes addressed in this review include: (1) measures of subfecundity; (2) spontaneous abortion; (3) fetal death; (4) preterm birth; (5) congenital malformations; and (6) fetal growth restriction. Methodologic challenges and considerations relevant to investigations of each reproductive endpoint are summarized, followed by a brief critical review of each study. The evidence for an effect of caffeine on reproductive health and fetal development is limited by the inability to rule out plausible alternative explanations for the observed associations, namely confounding by pregnancy symptoms and smoking, and by exposure measurement error. Because of these limitations, the weight of evidence does not support a positive relationship between caffeine consumption and adverse reproductive or perinatal outcomes.
Post-fire soil fluxes of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O along the Colorado Front Range

Wildfires affect Rocky Mountain ecosystems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Many of the resulting changes are greatest for environmental factors, such as substrate and microclimate that control exchanges of greenhousegases.Weinvestigatedthislinktounderstandhowtimesincefireinfluencesthecyclingofthesegasesthrough ponderosa pine forests. We measured and compared trace gas flux rates between recently burned sites and topographical aspects (north- and south-facing slopes). We calculated the ability of five factors (soil temperature, soil moisture, fire severity, aspect and time since fire) to describe the variability in the flux rates. Our study revealed that carbon dioxide (CO2)fluxesweresignificantlydifferentbetweensites;however,methane(CH4)uptakewasnotdifferentbetweensitesor aspects. Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes had a significant interaction between site and aspect. Using a likelihood approach, we determinedthestrengthofsupportinthedataformodelcombinationsoffivevariables.Ofthese,thesinglevariablemodels soilmoisture,timesincefireandseveritybestdescribedthe CO2,CH4,andN2Ofluxdatarespectively. Ourdatashowthat following a forest fire in the Colorado Front Range, .98% of the global warming potential of the measured soil- atmosphere fluxes is contributed by the soil CO2 flux. Additional keywords: ponderosa pine, trace gas.
Endogenous Carbon in Carbonaceous Meteorites

Seven carbonaceous chondrites have been analyzed for soluble organic compounds, carbonate, and residual carbon. Carbon-13/carbon-12 isotopic mneasurements on these fractions gave the following values relative to a marine carbonate standard: carbonate, +40 to +70 per mil; residual carbon, -15 to -17 per mil; soluble organic material, -17 to -27 per mil, with one value of -5.5 per mil. These values are interpreted to indicate that carbonate, residual carbon, and part of the extractable organic material are endogenous to these meteorites.
A Long Shadow: Frederick P. Keppel, the Carnegie Corporation and the Dominions and Colonies Fund Area Experts 1923-1943.

The Carnegie Corporation found its first great manager in Frederick Paul Keppel (1875–1943). Keppel's career is important to historians of education because interwar Carnegie initiatives, articulated through the Corporation's Dominions and Colonies Fund and Teachers College, Columbia University, internationalised American educational theories and practices throughout the English‐speaking world. Keppel's concept of key men, prominent authorities influencing events in their home countries, was central to these endeavours. Both products and advocates of modernism, key men put their confidence in the natural and social sciences, in turn melded into the grand themes of their times; the British Imperial Mission, American Expansionism, and shared Anglo‐Saxon racial identity. The preparatory nature of Keppel's life and work experiences are first explored. The article then surveys how the complex, yet remarkably informal, network of overseas key men were established. An examination of the Carnegie legacy offers so...
Kinetics of FcRn-mediated recycling of IgG and albumin in human: Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications using a simplified mechanism-based model

The nonclassical MHC class-I molecule, FcRn, salvages both IgG and albumin from degradation. Here we introduce a mechanism-based kinetic model for human to quantify FcRn-mediated recycling of both ligands based on saturable kinetics and data from the literature using easily measurable plasma concentrations rather than unmeasurable endosomal concentrations. The FcRn-mediated fractional recycling rates of IgG and albumin were 142% and 44% of their fractional catabolic rates, respectively. Clearly, FcRn-mediated recycling is a major contributor to the high endogenous concentrations of these two important plasma proteins. While familial hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia is caused by complete FcRn deficiency, the hypercatabolic IgG deficiency of myotonic dystrophy could be explained, based on the kinetic analyses, by a normal number of FcRn with lowered affinity for IgG but normal affinity for albumin. A simulation study demonstrates that the plasma concentrations of IgG and albumin could be dynamically controlled by both FcRn-related and -unrelated parameters.
Radical Salt-Doped Hole Transporters in Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Efficient photovoltaic devices were demonstrated from thick polymer films (2500 A), using ternary mixtures of C60, a polycarbonate linked TPD (N,N,N‘,N‘-tetrakis(phenyl)benzidine)) polymer (PTPD), and a small molecular weight radical salt of a TPD derivative, in an indium tin oxide/blend/Al configuration. The binary PTPD mixtures with salt and C60 were also investigated in a similar device configuration. The addition of the radical salt increases the hole conductivity of the PTPD host matrix and subsequently enhances the photocurrent by 1 order of magnitude. On the other hand, blending PTPD with C60 increases the photocurrent by 3 orders of magnitude to produce a short circuit current (Isc) of 0.22 mA/cm2. The incorporation of these two binary systems into a ternary blend shows a further increase in the Isc (0.33 mA/cm2) with a power conversion efficiency of 0.47%. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that a radical salt has been used in an organic photovoltaic device configuration. This st...
A Review of the Fourth International Workshop on Machine Learning

ROGERS P. HALL (RHALL@CIP.UCI.EDU)Department of Information & Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA92717, U.S.A.BRIAN FALKENHAINER (FALKEN@A.CS.UIUC.EDU)Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL61801, U.S.A.NICHOLAS FLANN (FLANN%OREGON-STATE@CSNET-RELAY)Department of Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.STEVE HAMPSON (HAMPSON@ICSE.UCI.EDU)Department of Information & Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA92717, U.S.A.ROBERT REINKE (REINKE@UICSL.CSL.UIUC.EDU)Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801,U.S.A.JEFF SHRAGER (SHRAGER.PA@XEROX.COM)Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A.MICHAEL H. SIMS (SIMS@AMES-PLUTO.ARPA)NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.PRASAD TADEPALLI (PRASAD@RED.RUTGERS.EDU)Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A.
Field Study of the Relationship Between Status Discrepancy and Proxemic Behavior

Summary Observations of the proxemic behavior (angle of orientation and distance between interacting pairs) of 88 interacting pairs of equivalent status (ES) and 33 pairs of discrepant status (DS) male employees of a utility firm were made while these Ss attended a series of six biweekly training meetings. It was expected that ES pairs would have a more direct orientation and would stand at a closer distance than DS pairs. All observations were made by a single male O who was in attendance at each meeting. The distance and angle of orientation of all pairs of Ss who interacted within 30 minutes prior to and 15 minutes after each meeting were coded with the use of scales developed by Hall. As expected, ES pairs assumed a significantly more direct angle of orientation than DS pairs (p < .01), but failed to stand at a closer distance. These results suggest that angle of orientation may be more sensitive than distance to status differences.
Effect of D-valine and cytosine arabinoside on [3H]thymidine incorporation in rat and rabbit epididymal epithelial cell cultures.

Epithelial cell enriched primary cultures were established from the rat and the rabbit epididymis. Epithelial cell aggregates, obtained after pronase digestion of minced epididymis, attached to the culture dish and after 72 h in vitro spread out to form discrete patches of cells. These cells have an epithelioid morphology and form a monolayer of closely apposed polygonal cells where DNA synthesis, as judged by [3H]thymidine uptake, is very low. Inl-valine medium the nonepithelial cell contamination was no more than 10% in rat and rabbit epididymal primary cultures. The labeling index of rat epididymal cells cultured ind-valine medium was significantly lower than that of cells cultured inl-valine medium. In contrast, the labeling index of rabbit epididymal cells cultured ind-valine medium was significantly higher than that of cells cultured inl-valine medium. Cytosine arabinoside decreased the number of labeled cells in bothl-valine andd-valine cultures. From these results, it appears thatd-valine is a selective agent for rat epididymal epithelial cells, but not for rabbit epithelial cells, and that cytosine arabinoside is a simple and effective means to control the proliferation of fibroblast-like cells in both rat and rabbit epididymal cell cultures.
Enhancement of O2 and CO2 transfer through microporous hollow fibers by pressure cycling

An intravascular gas exchange device for the treatment of respiratory failure consisted of a multitude of blind-ended hollow fibers glued in a pine-needle arrangement to a central gas supply catheter. It has previously been shown that gas desorption rates can be significantly enhanced by cycling gas pressure between a hypobaric level of 130 and an ambient level of 775 Torr. In this study, influences of the cycling frequency (f) and the cycle fraction during which hypobaric pressure is applied (Θ) were investigated. Rates of O2 desorption from O2-saturated water and CO2 desorption from CO2-saturated water into a manifold containing 198 fibers, 380 μm in diameter, were measured over a range of f from 0.2 to 1.0 Hz, Θ from 0.1 to 0.8, and fiber lengths from 4 to 16 cm. Relative to operation at ambient pressure, pressure cycling increased O2 transfer 3–4 times and CO2 transfer 4–6 times when the water flowed over the fiber manifold at 2.3 l/min. Transfer rates were relatively insensitive to f and Θ with 80–90% of maximum enhancement obtained when Θ was as low as 0.2. Transfer rates increased continuously with fiber length, implying that pressure cycling reduced the intra-fiber resistance to gas diffusion. A mathematical diffusion model which utilized only two adjustable parameters, a mass transfer coefficient for O2 and for CO2, simulated the trends exhibited by desorption data. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society.
RENAL HANDLING AND PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF THE PARAMAGNETIC CONTRAST MEDIUM, GADOLINIUM-DOTA

Gadolinium DOTA (Gd-DOTA) is a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent similar to Gd-DTPA but with greater stability in vitro. The effects of a high intravenous dose (0.5 mmol/kg) of Gd-DOTA (1360 mOsm/kg) on renal excretory function and its general systemic effects are examined in this animal study. This dose was selected to accentuate and better define the qualitative nature of these effects. A decrease in arterial pressure of 8% (131.9 +/- 6.8 at 120 minutes versus a control of 142.8 +/- 3.7 mm Hg, mean +/- standard error of mean, no significant change in electrocardiogram (ECG) lead II, a 16% increase in renal blood flow (106.0 +/- 5.4 at 7.5 minutes versus 91.2 +/- 3.2 ml/min), and a decrease in arterial hematocrit of 9% (38.9 +/- 1.5 at 120 minutes versus 41.9% +/- 1.7%) were noted. In general, qualitatively similar effects have been noted as a nonspecific effect of other hyperosmolar solutions. The filtration fraction decreased (0.23 +/- 0.01 at 7.5 minutes versus 0.28 +/- 0.02) followed by a rapid return to baseline values. No significant change was noted in glomerular filtration rate throughout the experimental protocol. Urine flow increased nearly 1.5-fold and osmolal clearance (Cosm) increased approximately 1.5 times. A natriuresis occurred as the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa+) increased from a control value of 3.5 +/- 0.3 to 5.2 +/- 0.5 at 7.5 minutes. The systemic and renal physiologic effects of high-dose intravenous Gd-DOTA on the kidney reflects a nonspecific, osmotically induced alteration. These data suggest that the main systemic and renal physiologic actions of Gd-DOTA are a nonspecific response to agent osmolality that is similar qualitatively to conventional, water-soluble contrast media.
Family Consumption of Low Fat Foods: Stated Preference Versus Actual Consumption1

Food preferences for low fat, low cholesterol foods were obtained directly from 30 mother and child pairs. The food preferences of mothers and children were not related and both were not accurate in estimating each other's food likes. When food preferences of mother and child were correlated with stated frequency of consumption, virtually no relationships emerged. The best predictor of what was being served to the entire family was what the father (husband) liked to eat. These results suggest that dietary interventions in families should include the fathers.
Task books as an assessment tool for demonstrating basic lab skills in a microbiology course.

The demonstration of basic laboratory skills is a valued student-learning outcome in the microbiology laboratory classroom. Typically, students can be accessed via a lab practical where, in a testing situation, they are asked to demonstrate their newly learned skills. However, with this approach, students are usually given one opportunity to show proficiency. If they fail a technique, they do not have the chance to improve their performance. Another solution is needed to verify proficiency in basic lab skills. I have encountered positive results with the use of a proficiency task book created for the microbiology lab.
Standoff Chemical Imaging of Trace Quantities Using Single-beam CARS

The sensitivity and selectivity of single-beam CARS is explored at one meter standoff. Trace quantities of dinitrotoluene are detected within a complex polymer/solvent background. Chemical images demonstrate selectivity and quantify sensitivity.
Impact theory of resonance broadening in spectral lines of the alkali metals

Abstract Resonance broadening constants have been calculated in the impact approximation for transitions involving the 2 P 1 2 and 2 P 3 2 levels of the alkalis.
Geographic variation in preventable hospitalization of older women and men: implications for access to primary health care.

This study demonstrates how readily available data and small area analysis can be used to identify potential problems of access to primary care services for older women and men. Gender and socio-ec...
Benchmarking the Geant4 full system simulation of an associated alpha-particle detector for use in a D–T neutron generator

Abstract The position-sensitive alpha-particle detector used to provide the starting time and initial direction of D–T neutrons in a fast-neutron imaging system was simulated with a G eant 4-based Monte Carlo program. The whole detector system, which consists of a YAP:Ce scintillator, a fiber-optic faceplate, a light guide, and a position-sensitive photo-multiplier tube (PSPMT), was modeled, starting with incident D–T alphas. The scintillation photons, whose starting time follows the distribution of a scintillation decay curve, were produced and emitted uniformly into a solid angle of 4 π along the track segments of the alpha and its secondaries. Through tracking all photons and taking into account the quantum efficiency of the photocathode, the number of photoelectrons and their time and position distributions were obtained. Using a four-corner data reconstruction formula, the flood images of the alpha detector with and without optical grease between the YAP scintillator and the fiber-optic faceplate were obtained, which show agreement with the experimental results. The reconstructed position uncertainties of incident alpha particles for both cases are 1.198 mm and 0.998 mm respectively across the sensitive area of the detector. Simulation results also show that comparing with other faceplates composed of 500 μ m , 300 μ m , and 100 μ m fibers, the 10 - μ m - fiber faceplate is the best choice to build the detector for better position performance. In addition, the study of the background originating inside the D–T generator suggests that for 500 - μ m - thick YAP:Ce coated with 1 - μ m - thick aluminum, and very good signal-to-noise ratio can be expected through application of a simple threshold.
Unifying the imperfective and the progressive: partitions as quantificational domains

This paper offers a new unified theory about the meaning of the imperfective and progressive aspects that builds on earlier of analyses in the literature that treat the imperfective as denoting a universal quantifier (e.g. Bonomi, Linguist Philos, 20(5):469–514, 1997; Cipria and Roberts, Nat Lang Semant 8(4):297–347, 2000). It is shown that the problems associated with such an analysis can be overcome if the domain of the universal quantifier is taken to be a partition of a future extending interval into equimeasured cells. Treating the partition-measure (the length of each partition-cell) as a contextually dependent variable allows for a unified treatment of the habitual and event-in-progress readings of the imperfective. It is argued that the contrast between the imperfective and the progressive has to do with whether the quantifier domain is a regular partition of the reference interval or a superinterval of the reference interval.
The Impact of High School Science Teachers' Beliefs, Curricular Enactments and Experience on Student Learning during an Inquiry-Based Urban Ecology Curriculum.

Inquiry-based curricula are an essential tool for reforming science education yet the role of the teacher is often overlooked in terms of the impact of the curriculum on student achievement. Our research focuses on 22 teachers’ use of a year-long high school urban ecology curriculum and how teachers’ self-efficacy, instructional practices, curricular enactments and previous experience impacted student learning. Data sources included teacher belief surveys, teacher enactment surveys, a student multiple-choice assessment focused on defining and identifying science concepts and a student open-ended assessment focused on scientific inquiry. Results from the two hierarchical linear models indicate that there was significant variation between teachers in terms of student achievement. For the multiple-choice assessment, teachers who spent a larger percentage of time on group work and a smaller percentage of time lecturing had greater student learning. For the open-ended assessment, teachers who reported a higher...
Bogoliubov theory of Coulomb-coupled [ m ↑ m ↓ 0] quantum Hall states

The effects of interlayer Coulomb interactions on two component [${\mathit{m}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}}$${\mathit{m}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}}$0] fractional quantum Hall states are investigated. Modeling the density fluctuations as harmonic coupled magnetorotons, we compute the dispersion of the density waves in a coupled double-layer system with no electron tunneling and find that the magnetoroton gap in the [330], [550], and [350] states collapses at interlayer spacings of d/l\ensuremath{\simeq}0.76, 2.67, and 1.55, respectively, in the limit of very thin layers.
Workshop on the intersection between databases and software engineeering

Summary form only given. The complete workshop presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. In 1989, a workshop was held in Napa, California, USA. The meeting brought together database and software engineering researchers, and resulted in lively discussions concerning research issues of interest to both software engineering and database researchers. This workshop is, in a sense, meant to be a sequel to the Napa Workshop. We hope to not only assess the state of the art in this research specialty, but to also develop the nucleus of a research agenda that spans both communities. Attendance at the workshop is by invitation only. Fifty-three prospective attendees submitted position papers, which were reviewed by a seven person committee representing the software engineering and database fields. Twenty-three papers were accepted. Our goal for the workshop is to have open technical discussions, not presentations of specific papers. The topics of discussion will be motivated largely by the topics covered in the accepted position statements.
Beyond Nyonin Geijutsu, beyond Japan: writings by women travellers in Kagayaku (1933–1941)

Abstract Kagayaku (1933–1941) was an offshoot of Nyonin geijutsu (Women's arts) that continued after Nyonin geijutsu shut down in 1932. This simple four-page leaflet extended the already complex vision of Nyonin geijutsu. This article focuses on Kagayaku's strong tendency to include writings by women intellectuals and artists living outside Japan, with contributions by women in North America, Europe, Brazil, the Philippines, Russia and China. It argues that, even as the publication was drawn into the nationalist discourses of an increasingly militarized Japan, these writings often reflected an increasingly cosmopolitan and eclectic perspective on culture, race, and ethnicity. At times, this tendency was tied to a ‘co-prosperity sphere’ image of Asia, but such an ideological category does not capture the writings meaningfully. Through close analysis of a few key texts from Kagayaku, this article draws attention to the ways the tensions between art and politics and gender and class that characterized Nyonin...
Bailout After Failed Biventricular Management of Critical Aortic Stenosis: Another Application of the Hybrid Approach

The decision between a single-ventricle and biventricular strategy can be particularly difficult in patients with critical left ventricular outflow obstruction who have marginal left ventricular size or function. Overzealous pursuit of a biventricular strategy in borderline cases can lead to death or require conversion to a single-ventricle physiology at increased risk. We describe novel use of the hybrid approach as a bailout option for a patient with critical aortic stenosis who, despite balloon valvuloplasty, exhibited persistent severe left ventricular dysfunction. This approach provides a simple and effective pathway to treat patients with a failed biventricular circulation, at a considerably lower risk, while keeping all therapeutic options open.
Effects of various re-entry vehicle parameters on radio frequency attenuation

The effects of antenna location, cone angle, nose radius, signal frequency, vehicle velocity, and wall temperature on rf signal attenuation are examined. For the assumptions of a clean air equilibrium flow and a thin slab electromagnetic model, the results indicate that a great reduction in rf signal attenuation can be achieved by proper aerodynamic shaping of the vehicle. Sample calculations are made for a transmission frequency of 600 me for nose bluntness varying from J-in. to 1-ft radius, cone angles from 10° to 60°, wall enthalpies from 300 to 1200 Btu/lb, and velocities from 20,000 to 24,000 fps for a range of altitudes of 50,000 to 200,000 ft. Altitude-velocity maps for lines of constant attenuation are also presented. Results indicate that, for sharp slender bodies, rf attenuation can be limited to 10 db throughout the re-entry envelope.
The potential of np GaAs solar cells for high efficiency concentrator applications

This communication considers the design of the front grid contact of np GaAs solar cells for high efficiency concentrator applications. This design involves shadowing, contact resistance, and active layer sheet resistance losses, and at high concentrations, the power loss due to voltage drop on the resistance of the grid fingers should be considered. Analysis of the performance can be calculated as a function of junction depth and surface recombination velocity. The junction depth can be optimized by considering its effect on the collection efficiency of the dark current-voltage characteristics or the open circuit voltage, and on the series resistance loss or the fill factor for material parameters. The choice of the material parameters, calculation of the short circuit current, the selection of the n layer thickness, and the cell maximum power and efficiency are discussed. It is concluded that optimized multi-grid structures should allow the use of 10 by 10 sq cm cells with good efficiencies at high concentration ratios, and efficiencies of 22 to 25% should be obtainable from large area cells at concentrations of 40 AM1.
Language independent, minimally supervised induction of lexical probabilities

A central problem in part-of-speech tagging, especially for new languages for which limited annotated resources are available, is estimating the distribution of lexical probabilities for unknown words. This paper introduces a new paradigmatic similarity measure and presents a minimally supervised learning approach combining effective selection and weighting methods based on paradigmatic and contextual similarity measures populated from large quantities of inexpensive raw text data. This approach is highly language independent and requires no modification to the algorithm or implementation to shift between languages such as French and English.
The utility of the terms "bioavailability" and "bioavailable fraction" for metals.

Abstract Because concentrations of total or dissolved metal usually are not good predictors of the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic biota (i.e. not all of the metal appears to be bioavailable), it has been tempting for researchers and regulators to attempt to identify a form or combination of forms of a metal that is the bioavailable fraction. But from geochemical, biological, and analytical perspectives, the term “bioavailable fraction” is context-specific (i.e. not generalizable) and quantitatively elusive. Although the term “bioavailability” conveys a useful, general concept and should be retained in the aquatic-toxicology lexicon, the term “bioavailable fraction” should be avoided.
S. cerevisiae Tel1p and Mre11p are required for normal levels of Est1p and Est2p telomere association.

Summary In diverse organisms, the Mre11 complex and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs), such as Tel1p and Mec1p from S. cerevisiae , are key mediators of DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoints that also function at telomeres. Here, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to determine if Mre11p, Tel1p, or Mec1p affects telomere maintenance by promoting recruitment of telomerase subunits to S. cerevisiae telomeres. We find that recruitment of Est2p, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, and Est1p, a telomerase accessory protein, was severely reduced in mre11 Δ and tel1 Δ cells. In contrast, the levels of Est2p and Est1p binding in late S/G2 phase, the period in the cell cycle when yeast telomerase lengthens telomeres, were indistinguishable in wild-type (WT) and mec1 Δ cells. These data argue that Mre11p and Tel1p affect telomere length by promoting telomerase recruitment to telomeres, whereas Mec1p has only a minor role in telomerase recruitment in a TEL1 cell.
Frank Michio Yatsu, MD

Frank Michio Yatsu, MD, died unexpectedly but peacefully during a nap on Friday, March 9, 2012; he was 79 years old. He had been recovering from complications stemming from a kidney transplant he received several years ago. Frank had retired last year becoming Professor Emeritus of the Department of Neurology at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston but was still coming to work several hours a week to attend conferences, work on manuscripts, oversee his laboratory, and other administrative duties. Frank Michio Yatsu, MD Frank was born in Los Angeles, CA, on November 28, 1932, the son of Frank K. and Iwao Yatsu who had immigrated to the United States from Matsushima, Japan, in 1906. His family had owned a bank in Japan but Frank's parents were forced to work as “domestics” in Los Angeles and later in Cleveland. During World War II, the Yatsu family was relocated to an internment camp in Arizona. His older brother fought in a Japanese–American unit in North Africa and Italy where he was wounded. These experiences actually strengthened Frank's desire to become integrated into the fabric of American society. Throughout his education and early career, Frank was often the first Japanese–American to gain positions of prominence, and he was intensely patriotic and proud of his American identity. At the same time, his childhood experiences established a lifelong commitment to tolerance and diversity in all forms. Frank was always an outstanding student and won a full scholarship to Phillips Andover Academy and Brown University where he majored in English literature (he turned down a scholarship to Harvard because he liked the wrestling coach better at Brown). He remained an active alumnus of both institutions throughout his life and was the first Asian American appointed to Brown's Board of Trustees. Wrestling and English …
A Little-Known Variant Text of the Old English Metrical Psalms

The fragment of Old English poetry edited here for the first time since 1889 parallels the text of the Paris Psalter, 90.16.1-95.2.1.' It is found in Trinity College, Cambridge, MS R.17.1, "Eadwine's Psalter," a-lavishly decorated and illustrated codex from twelfth-century Christ Church, Canterbury, that presents parallel texts of the Gallican, Roman, and Hebrew psalters. Between the lines of the Roman version is a contemporary interlinear gloss in Old English.2 N. R. Ker describes it: "The gloss is word for word, except on ff. 164/25-170v, where a metrical translation covers Pss. 9015 Eripiam-952 nomen (except Ps. 921,2). This translation, which begins 'Ic hine generie' and ends 'naemaen', agrees closely with no. 367 [the Paris Psalter] (ed. Krapp 63/4-68/3). The fact that it is in a different hand from the gloss immediately before and after it suggests that the glossator's immediate exemplar was defective at this point and that the gap in the OE translation was supplied slightly later from another manuscript."3 The unusual circumstances of this fragment's preservation explain how it escaped the attention of all four editors of the Paris Psalter: one does not ordinarily look for Old English poetry between the lines of a Latin psalter. Kenneth and Celia Sisam discussed the fragment (here called EP; I call the manuscript itself E) briefly but intelligently in their portion of the introduction to the facsimile of the Paris Psalter (p. 17), but for the most part notices of EP have tended to be dismissive. Harsley's transcript is detailed and careful (his notes remain valuable because they record features difficult to see in the otherwise excellent facsimile by James), but it is little more than a
Novel advances in drug delivery to brain cancer

The therapy of brain tumors has been limited by a lack of effective methods of drug delivery to the brain. Systemic administration is often associated with toxic side effects and ultimately fails to achieve therapeutic concentrations within a tumor. An attractive strategy that has gained importance in brain tumor therapy has relied on local and controlled delivery of chemotherapeutic agents by biodegradable polymers. This technique allows direct exposure of tumor cells to a therapeutic agent for a prolonged period of time and has been shown to prolong the survival of patients with malignant brain tumors. The use of polymers for local drug delivery greatly expands the spectrum of drugs available for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. This review discusses the rationale for local drug delivery, describes the development of currently available polymer-based therapeutic agents, and highlights examples of promising non-polymer based drug delivery methods for use in the treatment of malignant brain tumors.
Risk of Hearing Loss After Bacterial Meningitis

Presence of sensorineural hearing loss (>25 dB) was determined in 628 school-aged children born between 1986 and 1994 and survived non-Hemophilus influenzae type B (HiB) bacterial meningitis between 1990 and 1995 in a study at VU Medical Center, Amsterdam; and University Medical Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Words on the Wadsworth: Podcasting and the Teaching of Art History.

This course, Words on the Wadsworth, was the Humanities Honors course for the spring of 2009 at Hillyer College, the two year Associates degree program at the University of Hartford. Combining the content of a chronological survey of modern art with the new technology of podcasting and the venue of the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford CT, the intent of the course was to create a challenging environment for the most successful students in our program. The practices of skill development, active learning, and connection with a community partner were integrated into the learning structure of the class. The case study addresses the ways in which the technology were integrated into the class, where students excelled and suggestions for other professors thinking of using similar technology. A sample podcast, made by student Larisa Woykovsky, has been included.