cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase-controlled entanglement in a quantum-beat laser: application to quantum lithography

We study entanglement generation and control in a quantum-beat laser coupled to a two-mode squeezed vacuum reservoir. We show that the generated entanglement is robust against cavity losses and environmental decoherence and can be controlled by tuning the phases of the microwave and the squeezed input fields. Moreover, we discuss two-photon correlations, absorption and implementations in quantum optical lithography.
Determination of volatile compounds in foliage of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea)

Abstract The Fraser fir ( Abies fraseri ) and balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ) are eastern North American conifers which have been infested by an exotic insect, the balsam woolly adelgid (BWA). BWA infestation has had particularly severe effects on Fraser fir, with up to 95% mortality rates at some sites, and is characterized by attack on mature trees only. The purpose of this research was to perform a chemosystematic study to evaluate whether differences in volatile chemical concentrations of various stands of fir were observed as a function of resistance to BWA infestation. The concentrations of volatiles were determined by a methylene chloride extraction procedure, followed by analysis by gas chromatography. First, comparisons were made of concentration levels of volatiles in Fraser and balsam fir foliage of seedlings, saplings, and mature trees. If a chemical provided resistance, one would expect higher volatile levels in the balsam foliage because of its greater resistance to BWA. Second, the volatile levels in Fraser fir saplings and mature trees at uninfested sites were compared to the levels in surviving Fraser fir saplings and mature trees at infested sites. For a compound that provided BWA-resistance, higher volatile levels would be expected at the infested site because of the greater resistance of the surviving trees. Lastly, the concentrations of volatiles in sapling foliage were compared to those in mature foliage, where higher levels of resistance-providing chemicals would be expected in the saplings. 3-Carene was shown to consistently follow the expected pattern for a compound that provides resistance against BWA and β-pinene followed the pattern for the majority of the comparisons. These results indicate that while maltol and total volatiles did not correlate with the expected pattern, 3-carene, and possibly β-pinene and sesquiterpenes may provide fir with defense against BWA infestation.
The Integration of Body Movement and Attention in Young Infants

The normal development of adaptive behavior in humans depends on the integration of visual attention and body movement, yet little is known about the initial state of movement-attention coupling at the beginning of postnatal life. We studied 1- and 3-month-old infants during extended periods of visual exploration and found that spontaneous shifts of gaze are preceded by rapid changes in general body movement. The results reveal a tight link between motor activation and overt attention on a time scale of seconds or less. This link undergoes substantial developmental change in the first few weeks after birth. During that time, phasic motor activation may play a key role in visual exploration by helping to unlock gaze when the environment is unchanging.
East Germany's Jewish Question: The Return and Preservation of Jewish Sites in East Berlin and Potsdam, 1945–1989

In September 1950, Julius Meyer, head of the State Association of Jewish Communities in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), sent a letter to the Finance Ministry inquiring about the current state of Jewish communal property. Throughout the immediate postwar years, he and other Jewish leaders had requested, though with little success, the return of Jewish property and assistance to rebuild Jewish sites. With the occupation now over, Meyer hoped that the newly formed East German state might be sympathetic to the needs of the Gemeinde (a religious community of Jews). He noted that the Jewish community had “still not acquired its own property” since most of it remained “under the control of the state” or in the hands of those who had seized it during the Nazi program of “Aryanization.” Meyer also pointed out that the Gemeinde needed money to reconstruct the numerous synagogues and Jewish cemeteries that had been damaged during Kristallnacht and World War II. “We ask,” he explained, “that you take into consideration the fact that the Jewish community, because of the extermination policy of the fascist state, finds itself in a situation like no other religious community.”
Overexpression of the Cardiac β2-Adrenergic Receptor and Expression of a β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase-1 (βARK1) Inhibitor Both Increase Myocardial Contractility but Have Differential Effects on Susceptibility to Ischemic Injury

Abstract—Cardiac β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) overexpression is a potential contractile therapy for heart failure. Cardiac contractility was elevated in mice overexpressing β2ARs (TG4s) with no adverse effects under normal conditions. To assess the consequences of β2AR overexpression during ischemia, perfused hearts from TG4 and wild-type mice were subjected to 20-minute ischemia and 40-minute reperfusion. During ischemia, ATP and pH fell lower in TG4 hearts than wild type. Ischemic injury was greater in TG4 hearts, as indicated by lower postischemic recoveries of contractile function, ATP, and phosphocreatine. Because β2ARs, unlike β1ARs, couple to Gi as well as Gs, we pretreated mice with the Gi inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX). PTX treatment increased basal contractility in TG4 hearts and abolished the contractile resistance to isoproterenol. During ischemia, ATP fell lower in TG4+PTX than in TG4 hearts. Recoveries of contractile function and ATP were lower in TG4+PTX than in TG4 hearts. We also studie...
Strychnine and Taurine Modulation of Amygdala-associated Anxiety-like Behavior is ‘State’ Dependent

Strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors are expressed in many adult forebrain regions, yet the biological function of these receptors outside the spinal cord/brainstem is poorly understood. We have recently shown that rat lateral/basolateral amygdala neurons express strychnine-sensitive glycine-gated currents whose pharmacological and molecular characteristics are consistent with those established for classic ligand-gated chloride channels. The current studies were undertaken to establish the behavioral role, if any, of these strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors. Adult Long-Evans male rats were implanted with guide cannulae targeted at the lateral amygdala and were microinjected with standard artificial cerebrospinal fluid with or without various doses of strychnine or taurine. Anxiety-like behaviors were assessed with the elevated plus maze or the light/dark box. In the elevated plus maze, strychnine decreased closed-arm time and increased open-arm time, suggestive of an anxiolytic effect. Similarly, strychnine produced a modest anxiolytic effect in the light/dark box. Post hoc analysis of 'open-arm' time and 'light-side' time indicated that aCSF-treated animals were distributed into two apparent groups that displayed either high or low amounts of anxiety-like behavior in a given apparatus. Surprisingly, the pharmacological effects of both strychnine and taurine in these assays were dependent upon a given animal's behavioral phenotype. Together, these findings are significant because they suggest that the basal 'emotional state' of the animal could influence the behavioral outcome associated with drug application directly into the lateral/basolateral amygdala. Furthermore, our findings also suggest that compounds acting at amygdala strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors may actively modulate this basal anxiety-like state.
The sentinel node concept: a critique of the critique.

ee front matter & 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserv reast.2006.07.005 nal article: 10.1016/j.breast.2006.07.003 le was originally published in issue 15/5, reast.2006.07.003. ess: codyh@mskcc.org. Since Morton’s pioneering report in 1992, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has entered medical practice with astonishing rapidity, and has largely replaced axillary dissection (ALND) as the preferred method of axillary lymph node staging for breast cancer at many centers in the US and worldwide. SLN biopsy meets the three objectives of axillary node staging: prognostication, local control, and a possible survival impact. Regarding prognostication, SLN biopsy is a targeted examination which routinely allows the performance of additional sections and/or immunohisto-chemical stains, thereby increasing the accuracy of staging over that obtained by routine pathologic methods. Regarding local control, axillary local recurrence (LR) following a negative SLN biopsy has proven to be a vanishingly rare event, occurring in 0.12% of our own patients and 0.3% of those in 10 other case series. Regarding a possible survival impact, the most recent overview by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group demonstrates one additional life saved for every 4 LR prevented; given the extremely low rates of axillary LR associated with SLN biopsy, it is inconceivable that current trials will ever show any difference in survival between SLN biopsy and ALND. A substantial literature shows that SLN biopsy is suitable for virtually all patients with noninflammatory invasive breast cancer, and that it is feasible, accurate, and safe. The morbidity of SLN biopsy, while not zero, is clearly less than that of ALND.
CORRELATION OF TWO-GROUP THEORY WITH NEUTRON FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN A POOL- TYPE REACTOR

Abstract A method for determining reactor system parameters that employs a compilation of two-group theory and detailed flux measurements is presented. Application of the semi-empirical procedure is illustrated for the University of Virginia pool-type reactor, loaded to approximate two-region cylindrical geometry. Measurements were made of the fast and thermal fission-producing fluxes, using highly enriched uranium foils, both bare and cadmium covered. The equivalent bare axial and radial components of the buckling were determined from the measurements, giving the principal buckling, μ 2 The related slowing down area, L 1 2 , was adjusted so as to make two-group theory fit the experiment. The best value for the slowing-down area in the 0·40 aluminium-to-water mixture was found to be 42·5 cm 2 equivalent to an age of 38 cm 2 . The slowing down area in the water reflector was found to be 25·5 cm 2 , in fair agreement with fission-to-thermal age measurements reported in the literature.
The Misreading of High-Frequency Words

While the misreading of visually similar words has been thought to lie in a visual-perceptual deficit, recent research has seriously undermined such hypotheses. This study suggests that such errors are more typically a function of a lack of effective and efficient integration of semantic and syntactic cues with visual information.
mGluR3 Activation Recruits Cytoplasmic TWIK-1 Channels to Membrane that Enhances Ammonium Uptake in Hippocampal Astrocytes

TWIK-1 two-pore domain K+ channels are highly expressed in mature hippocampal astrocytes. While the TWIK-1 activity is readily detectable on astrocyte membrane, the majority of channels are retained in the intracellular compartments, which raises an intriguing question of whether the membrane TWIK-1 channels could be dynamically regulated for functions yet unknown. Here, the regulation of TWIK-1 membrane expression by Gi/Go-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) and its functional impact on ammonium uptake has been studied. Activation of mGluR3 induced a marked translocation of TWIK-1 channels from the cytoplasm to the membrane surface. Consistent with our early observation that membrane TWIK-1 behaves as nonselective monovalent cation channel, mGluR3-mediated TWIK-1 membrane expression was associated with a depolarizing membrane potential (V M). As TWIK-1 exhibits a discernibly high permeability to ammonium (NH4 +), a critical substrate in glutamate-glutamine cycle for neurotransmitter replenishment, regulation of NH4 + uptake capacity by TWIK-1 membrane expression was determined by response of astrocyte V M to bath application of 5 mM NH4Cl. Stimulation of mGluR3 potentiated NH4 +-induced V M depolarization by ∼30 % in wild type, but not in TWIK-1 knockout astrocytes. Furthermore, activation of mGluR3 mediated a coordinated translocation of TWIK-1 channels with recycling endosomes toward astrocyte membrane and the mGluR3-mediated potentiation of NH4 + uptake required a functional Rab-mediated trafficking pathway. Altogether, we demonstrate that the activation of mGluR3 up-regulates the membrane expression of TWIK-1 that in turn enhances NH4 + uptake in astrocytes, a mechanism potentially important for functional coupling of astrocyte glutamate-glutamine cycle with the replenishment of neurotransmitters in neurons.
Premenopausal endogenous steroid hormones and breast cancer risk: results from the Nurses' Health Study II

Introduction: Prior research supports an association between endogenous sex steroids and breast cancer among postmenopausal women; the association is less clear among premenopausal women. Methods: We evaluated the associations between estrogens, androgens, progesterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and breast cancer in a nested case-control study in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Between 1996 and 1999, 29,611 participants provided blood samples; 18,521 provided samples timed in early follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. A total of 634 women, premenopausal at blood collection, developed breast cancer between 1999 and 2009 and were matched to 1,264 controls (514 cases and 1,030 controls with timed samples). We used conditional logistic regression controlling for breast cancer risk factors for overall analyses; unconditional logistic regression additionally controlling for matching factors was used for subgroup analyses. Results: In analyses of premenopausal estrogens including breast cancers diagnosed both before and after menopause, there was no association between follicular estradiol, estrone and free estradiol and risk of either total or invasive breast cancer. Luteal estradiol was positively associated with estrogen receptor positive (ER +)/progesterone receptor positive (PR+) cancers (5 th vs. 1 st quintile odds ratio (OR): 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0 to 2.9), Ptrend = 0.02). Luteal estrone, free estradiol and progesterone were not associated with risk. Androgens were suggestively or significantly associated with risk when the sample was restricted to invasive tumors (for example, testosterone: OR: 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0), Ptrend = 0.23) and ER+/PR+ disease (testosterone: OR: 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) Ptrend = 0.10; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) OR: 1.3 (0.8 to 2.0) Ptrend = 0.05). SHBG was not associated with breast cancer risk. The results varied by menopausal status at diagnosis, with follicular estradiol suggestively positively associated with breast cancers in women premenopausal at diagnosis (OR: 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) and significantly inversely associated with postmenopausal disease (OR: 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9); Pheterogeneity < 0.01). Conclusions: Androgens were associated with modestly increased risk of breast cancer in this population, with stronger associations for invasive and ER+/PR+ disease. Luteal phase estradiol levels were suggestively associated with ER+/PR+ tumors but no other strong associations were observed with estrogens. Associations with follicular phase estrogens may vary by menopausal status at diagnosis, but case numbers were limited. Additional studies to confirm the role of premenopausal hormones in the etiology of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer are needed.
Mitogen Activated Protein kinase signal transduction pathways in the prostate

The biochemistry of the mitogen activated protein kinases ERK, JNK, and p38 have been studied in prostate physiology in an attempt to elucidate novel mechanisms and pathways for the treatment of prostatic disease. We reviewed articles examining mitogen-activated protein kinases using prostate tissue or cell lines. As with other tissue types, these signaling modules are links/transmitters for important pathways in prostate cells that can result in cellular survival or apoptosis. While the activation of the ERK pathway appears to primarily result in survival, the roles of JNK and p38 are less clear. Manipulation of these pathways could have important implications for the treatment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy.
NATURAL‐ENEMY RELEASE FACILITATES HABITAT EXPANSION OF THE INVASIVE TROPICAL SHRUB CLIDEMIA HIRTA

Nonnative, invasive plant species often increase in growth, abundance, or habitat distribution in their introduced ranges. The enemy-release hypothesis, proposed to account for these changes, posits that herbivores and pathogens (natural enemies) limit growth or survival of plants in native areas, that natural enemies have less impact in the introduced than in the native range, and that the release from natural-enemy regulation in areas of introduction accounts in part for observed changes in plant abundance. We tested experimentally the enemy-release hypothesis with the invasive neotropical shrub Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don (Melastomataceae). Clidemia hirta does not occur in forest in its native range but is a vigorous invader of tropical forest in its introduced range. Therefore, we tested the specific prediction that release from natural enemies has contributed to its ex- panded habitat distribution. We planted C. hirta into understory and open habitats where it is native (Costa Rica) and where it has been introduced (Hawaii) and applied pesticides to examine the effects of fungal pathogen and insect herbivore exclusion. In understory sites in Costa Rica, C. hirta survival increased by 12% if sprayed with insecticide, 19% with fungicide, and 41% with both insecticide and fungicide compared to control plants sprayed only with water. Exclusion of natural enemies had no effect on survival in open sites in Costa Rica or in either habitat in Hawaii. Fungicide application promoted relative growth rates of plants that survived to the end of the experiment in both habitats of Costa Rica but not in Hawaii, suggesting that fungal pathogens only limit growth of C. hirta where it is native. Galls, stem borers, weevils, and leaf rollers were prevalent in Costa Rica but absent in Hawaii. In addition, the standing percentage of leaf area missing on plants in the control (water only) treatment was five times greater on plants in Costa Rica than in Hawaii and did not differ between habitats. The results from this study suggest that significant effects of herbivores and fungal pathogens may be limited to particular habitats. For Clidemia hirta, its absence from forest understory in its native range likely results in part from the strong pressures of natural enemies. Its invasion into Hawaiian forests is apparently aided by a release from these herbivores and pathogens.
The Political Polarization of Physicians in the United States: An Analysis of Campaign Contributions to Federal Elections, 1991 Through 2012

Importance Few current data are available regarding the political behavior of American physicians as the number of female physicians has increased and the number of solo practitioners has decreased. Objective To analyze campaign contributions that physicians made from the 1991 to 1992 through the 2011 to 2012 election cycles to Republican and Democratic candidates in presidential and congressional races and to partisan organizations, including party committees and super political action committees (Super PACs). Design, Setting, and Participants We explored partisan differences in physician contributions by sex, for-profit vs nonprofit practice setting, and specialty using multiple regression analysis. We studied the relation between the variation in the mean annual income across specialties and the mean percentage of physicians within each specialty contributing to Republicans. Main Outcomes and Measures Differences in contributions to Republicans and Democrats, for all physicians and for subgroups. Results Between the 1991 to 1992 and the 2011 to 2012 election cycles, physician campaign contributions increased from $20 million to $189 million, and the percentage of active physicians contributing increased from 2.6% to 9.4%. Of physicians who contributed during the study period, the mean percentage contributing to Republicans was 57% for men and 31% for women. Since 1996, the percentage of physicians contributing to Republicans has decreased, to less than 50% in the 2007 to 2008 election cycle and again in the 2011 to 2012 election cycle. Contributions to Republicans in 2011 to 2012 were more prevalent among men vs women (52.3% vs 23.6%), physicians practicing in for-profit vs nonprofit organizations (53.2% vs 25.6%), and surgeons vs pediatricians (70.2% vs 22.1%). In 1991 to 1992, these contribution gaps were smaller: for sex, 54.5% vs 30.9%; for organizations, 54.2% vs 40.0%; and for specialty, 65.5% vs 32.7%. The percentage of physicians contributing to Republicans across specialties correlated 0.84 with the mean log earnings of each specialty; specialties with higher mean earnings had higher percentages of physicians contributing to Republicans. Conclusions and Relevance Between 1991 and 2012, the political alignment of US physicians shifted from predominantly Republican toward the Democrats. The variables driving this change, including the increasing percentage of female physicians and the decreasing percentage of physicians in solo and small practices, are likely to drive further changes.
Regional Localization of Suspensor mRNAs during Early Embryo Development

We investigated gene activity within the giant embryos of the scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) to gain understanding of the processes by which the apical and basal cells become specified to follow different developmental pathways after division of the zygote. We identified two mRNAs, designated G564 and C541, that accumulate specifically within the suspensor of globular-stage embryos. G564 mRNA accumulates uniformly throughout the suspensor, whereas C541 mRNA accumulates to a higher level within the large basal cells of the suspensor that anchor the embryo to the surrounding seed tissue. Both G564 and C541 mRNAs begin to accumulate shortly after fertilization and are present within the two basal cells of embryos at the four-cell stage. In contrast, at the same stage, these mRNAs are not detectable within the two descendants of the apical cell. Nor are they detectable within cells of the embryo sac before fertilization, including the egg cell. We used a G564/β-glucuronidase reporter gene to show that the G564 promoter is activated specifically within the basal region and suspensor of preglobular tobacco embryos. Analysis of the G564 promoter identified a sequence domain required for transcription within the suspensor that contains several copies of a conserved motif. These results show that derivatives of the apical and basal cells transcribe different genes as early as the four-cell stage of embryo development and suggest that the apical and basal cells are specified at the molecular level after division of the zygote.
Maintaining source privacy under eavesdropping and node compromise attacks

In a sensor network, an important problem is to provide privacy to the event detecting sensor node and integrity to the data gathered by the node. Compromised source privacy can inadvertently leak event location. Existing techniques use either random walk path or generate fake event packets to make it hard for the adversary to traceback to the source, since encryption alone may not help prevent a traffic analysis attack. In this work, without using the traditional overhead intensive methods, we present a scheme to hide source information using cryptographic techniques incurring lower overhead. The packet is modified en route by dynamically selected nodes to make it difficult for a malicious entity to traceback the packet to a source node and also prevent packet spoofing. This is important because the adversary model considers a super-local eavesdropper having the ability to compromise sensor nodes. We analyze the ability of our proposed scheme to withstand different attacks and demonstrate its efficiency in terms of overhead and functionality when compared to existing work.
Use IRAM for rasterization

A new intelligent RAM (IRAM) architecture based on embedding DRAM memory and many simple processors on a chip is introduced. The architecture has the advantage of being able to perform massive parallel computing and of being usable as plain DRAM. Some key parts of the architecture are described. We also show that the architecture can be used in graphics applications where high rasterizer performance is required.
“Off-on” aggregation-based fluorescent sensor for the detection of chloride in water

Receptors selective for anions in aqueous media are a crucial component in the detection of anions for biological and environmental applications. Recent sensor designs have taken advantage of systems known to aggregate in solution, eliciting a fluorescent response. Herein, we demonstrate a chloride-selective fluorescent response of receptor 1+, based on our well-established class of 2,6-bis(2-anilinoethynyl)pyridine bisureas. The fluorescence intensity ratio of 1+·Cl−> aggregates in water is four times larger than the next most fluorescent anion complex, 1+·ClO4−>. In addition, 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations demonstrate 1+ binds chloride more strongly than other biologically relevant anions in solutions of both DMSO-d6 and 50/50 DMSO-d6/MeCN-d3.
Ratio of Riboflavin in Yolks and Whites of Eggs

Abstract IN A previous report by Stamberg, Petersen, and Lampman (1946) it was shown that the ratio of the riboflavin concentration in yolks to whites of eggs can vary considerably and that it appeared to be an inherent characteristic of the hen. One hen which consistently produced eggs of higher riboflavin concentration in the white did so for a 5-month period, although the riboflavin intake was varied. Another hen laid eggs with consistently higher concentrations of this vitamin in the yolk. Two other hens belonged to the latter group, that is with a higher concentration of the vitamin in the yolks. Literature contains very little information as to the ratio of riboflavin concentration of yolks and whites of eggs. The general idea prevails that yolks have a higher concentration. Norris and Bauernfeind (1940) analyzed separately the yolks and whites of eggs from groups of hens fed different levels of riboflavin, and . . .
Stationary Time Series

In this chapter we introduce some basic ideas of time series analysis and stochastic processes. Of particular importance are the concepts of stationarity and the autocovariance and sample autocovariance functions. Some standard techniques are described for the estimation and removal of trend and seasonality (of known period) from an observed series. These are illustrated with reference to the data sets in Section 1.1. Most of the topics covered in this chapter will be developed more fully in later sections of the book. The reader who is not already familiar with random vectors and multivariate analysis should first read Section 1.6 where a concise account of the required background is given. Notice our convention that an n-dimensional random vector is assumed (unless specified otherwise) to be a column vector X = (X 1, X 2, ... , X n )′ of random variables. If S is an arbitrary set then we shall use the notation S n to denote both the set of n-component column vectors with components in S and the set of n-component row vectors with components in S.
Comprehensive Studies on Utah-Grown Medicinal Rhubarb *

The rhizomes and roots of medicinal rhubarb grown in Utah were subjected to the N. F. X tests for rhubarb. In addition to the official tests, tests for rhaponticin, laxative activity, and organoleptic acceptance were performed. The results of the combined tests indicated that the Utah-grown medicinal rhubarb possessed satisfactory laxative properties, and acceptable taste and odor qualities.
Some reactions of naturally occurring nucleophiles with haloalkanes in water

Rate constants for the reactions of a variety of naturally occurring nucleophiles with 1-bromohexane and, to a lesser extent, three other haloalkanes were studied in order to assess their importance relative to hydrolysis in determining the environmental fate of haloalkanes. HS− is generally the most important nucleophile because it is moderately reactive and, among the reactive sulfur nucleophiles, is usually present in the highest concentration. When elemental sulfur is present, polysulfides will be more important for the consumption of 1-bromohexane than HS− at pH above approximately 7 because they are 60 times more reactive and their equilibrium concentrations increase with increasing pH. A nucleophilicity scale valid in pure water was established for environmental nucleophiles, using 1-bromohexane as a reference reactant.
Infrared Thermometry for Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment Temperature Measurement

The in-situ measurement of the temperature distribution on the cavity wall surface in diesel particulate filters using the infrared radiation thermometry was developed. The temperature measurement system consists of a sapphire fiber with 45° angled tip, PbS/PbSe two-color sensor, and data conditioning and acquisition device. A calibration technique using the blackbody cavity was developed. Calibration curves were generated between 80 to 400°C, the temperature range of special interest for applications in catalyzed diesel particulate filters. One-color and two-color radiation thermometry methods were both employed and compared. The wall surface temperature of a microwaveheated ceramic filter was measured at four locations. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the infrared thermometry for non-contact temperature measurement at a specific region within the cavity of diesel exhaust aftertreatment devices.
THE HYDROLOGIC CATCHMENT AREA OF A CHAIN OF KARST WETLANDS IN CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA, USA

Shallow depressions found in karst terrains may contain wetlands (karst pans) that fluctuate seasonally in response to climatic conditions. This study examined the ground-water hydrology of a chain of 17 wetlands, ranging in size from 0.06 to 0.4 hectares, located in an Appalachian karst valley in central Pennsylvania, USA. The study objective was to determine the contributing area of wetland source waters. A variety of hydraulic head, soil stratigraphy, and water chemistry data indicate that the combined contributing areas of these wetland ponds extend to a maximum distance of approximately 150 m from the ponds. The hydrologic catchment area of the ponds during January and February, 1999 (approximately 2–8 hectares) was significantly smaller than catchment area based on topography (69 hectares). The water source of the wetlands consists of direct precipitation inputs and shallow (0.5–6 m) perched ground water. The hydrologic catchment area of the ponds expands during wet periods and contracts during dry periods. The ponds have been shown to be perched above the regional water table.
Histochemical, metabolic and ultrastructural studies of the maturation zone of the rachitic rat epiphyseal plate.

Histochemical, autoradiographic, and electron microscopic studies of the maturation zone in the epiphyseal plate of rachitic rats showed a failure of synthesis of polysaccharide and hence of matrix production, a delay in transport of the synthesized macromolecules without alteration in lysosomal enzyme content, and ultrastructural changes consistent with the observed metabolic abnormalities. It is suggested that the principal defect in the maturation zone of the epiphyseal plate of rachitic rats may be a local deficiency in the high energy phosphate required for metabolic activity.
The Workaholism Analysis Questionnaire: Emphasizing Work-Life Imbalance and Addiction in the Measurement of Workaholism

A new measure of workaholism, the Workaholism Analysis Questionnaire (WAQ), was created and validated in a heterogeneous sample of working professionals. The WAQ demonstrated strong internal reliability, convergent validity, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and content validity. This is the first study to create a measure of workaholism that was psychometrically tested on a heterogeneous working population. Furthermore, the WAQ is the first measure to define workaholism more broadly and provide a more comprehensive assessment by including items that directly tap into work-life imbalance, a common symptom of workaholism and other addictive disorders.
Henry A. Ward, Catalogue of Casts of Fossils (1866) and the artistic influence of Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins on Ward

Abstract Casts of Waterhouse Hawkins' Crystal Palace fossil restorations were offered for sale by Henry Ward in his 1866 catalogue. Herein Ward's casts of Hawkins' restorations are discussed and comparisons made between these and additional casts of fossil marine reptiles in the Ward catalogue. Ward and Hawkins had similar motives and methods in presenting fossil replicas and restorations to the public.
Iterative model for EMC sources in the near field and shielded by composite materials

In this research a iterative model was developed to predict near fields in the presence of and within a composite material. This was done by modeling the electric and magnetic fields of an infinitesimal dipole antenna enclosed by spherical shell of composite material by an iterative technique given only the complex amplitude of the magnetic field in the near field as known.
Lasers in tympanomastoid surgery.

This article describes the lasers available for use by otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons. It emphasizes the advantages of each type for specific otolaryngologic problems and discusses the considerations for choosing the appropriate laser to treat a particular lesion.
Hunt for American Archives in the Soviet Union

interested in the development of the Foreign HISTORIANS Service of the United States, or in special aspects of American diplomatic history during the 19th and early 20th centuries, will often find the records kept at the various diplomatic posts an intriguing source of information. One such body of records are those that were kept by the American Embassy at St. Petersburg, the old capital city of Russia known later as Petrograd and subsequently as Leningrad. It is true, of course, that the despatches sent to the Department of State contain much important data and that they are the most frequently used sources for diplomatic history. But it is also true that such despatches represent a refinement of much information collected by diplomatic representatives. To see working diplomats and their problems on a day-today basis and to discover the ingredients that made up the final despatches, one must often go to the post records. Those kept by the Legation and Embassy at St. Petersburg reflect something of the living and working conditions of our diplomats at the Court of the Tsar, as well as many glimpses of Americans and their plans for commercial or cultural enterprises in Russia.1 Fascinating as many of these items are, their value is enhanced when one realizes that the very survival of these records is almost a miracle. Furthermore, the story of their recovery from the Soviet Union in the early 1930's is largely a chronicle of the imagination, persistence, and zeal of one man, Angus Ward, an American Foreign Service officer. Angus Ward was born in Canada in 1893, an<^ he became an
Slaves to animosity

Today the United States is not only pursuing a Brezhnev Doctrine of its own, but, driven by a habitual hatred of the Soviet Union and all its works, it is even imitating Soviet methods.
Blood Transfusion Does Not Improve Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (P7.143)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) BACKGROUND: The role of PRBC transfusion in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. A recent study has suggested a mortality benefit from transfusion in anemic patients with ICH. Randomized trials in past have shown no mortality benefit from liberal blood transfusion strategies in the critical care population. However, the number of patients with neurologic catastrophes was < 5% in these trials. We sought to evaluate the outcomes of PRBC transfusion in patients with spontaneous ICH. DESIGN/METHODS: Records of patients with ICH from a community hospital and two teaching hospitals over 36 months were reviewed. Patient demographics, ICH score, lowest Hb during admission, any surgical interventions, troponin levels and records of PRBC transfusions were collected. Outcome measure included length of stay (LOS), 30-day mortality and discharge modified Rankin scale (mRS). RESULTS: 163 patients with a median age of 59 (18-94) years (51.5% males) were included. Twenty five (15.3%) patients received PRBC transfusions. Baseline demographics were similar in both groups. The overall 30 day mortality was 28.8% and 55.8% had a poor outcome. Factors triggering PRBC transfusion included Hb CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving PRBC had an association with increased LOS. This study does not show any mortality or morbidity benefits in patients with spontaneous ICH that receive PRBC transfusion. Furthermore, there may be a trend towards worse outcomes in ICH patients receiving PRBC transfusions. However a larger sample size is required to elucidate this. Disclosure: Dr. Mohamed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reddy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sivakumar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Norris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ibrahim has nothing to disclose.
A Protecção Das Topografias De Produtos Semicondutores -- Apreciação Crítica (The Protection of Topographies of Semiconductors – A Critique)

Portuguese Abstract: Este artigo analisa criticamente a proteccao de topografrias de produtos semicondutores concluindo que esta deveria ser abandonada.English Abstract: This article critically analyses the legal framework for the protection of topographies of semiconductors concluding it should be abandoned.
The Linkage of Illicit Drug Use / Alcohol Use and HIV Infection in Young Adults

Context: Young adults comprise roughly one-quarter of the global population and are at the developmental stage where personal life goals are formulated and personal independence is obtained. It is also the time of sexual debut and exposure to illicit drug and alcohol. Thus, young adulthood is a time of high-risk for HIV transmission due to drug and alcohol use in the context of sexual activity. Evidence Acquisition: Social-networking, gender norms, economic, educational, familial, personal identity and development factors, among others, play a role in linkage of illicit drug and alcohol use and HIV infection in young adults. Results: It is estimated that young adults account for 42% of new HIV infections globally, and that 4 million young adults living with HIV reside in sub-Saharan Africa. In Central Asia, Eastern Europe and the United States key populations are important subpopulations of young adults at high-risk for living with HIV. Subpopulations of young adults, particularly key populations, consume illicit drug and alcohol along with high-risk sexual activity thereby establishing linkage between substance use/ substance use disorders and HIV infection. Conclusions: Globally, interventions that comprise evidence-based prevention, care and treatment of substance use disorders in young adults are vital to reduce the transmission of HIV infection and promote good clinical outcomes for young adults at-risk for living with HIV.
Splendor in the Grass? A Pilot Study Assessing the Impact of Medical Marijuana on Executive Function

Currently, 25 states and Washington DC have enacted full medical marijuana (MMJ) programs while 18 states allow limited access to MMJ products. Limited access states permit low (or zero) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and high cannabidiol (CBD) products to treat specified conditions such as uncontrolled epilepsy. Although MMJ products are derived from the same plant species as recreational MJ, they are often selected for their unique cannabinoid constituents and ratios, not typically sought by recreational users, which may impact neurocognitive outcomes. To date, few studies have investigated the potential impact of MMJ use on cognitive performance, despite a well-documented association between recreational marijuana (MJ) use and executive dysfunction. The current study assessed the impact of 3 months of MMJ treatment on executive function, exploring whether MMJ patients would experience improvement in cognitive functioning, perhaps related to primary symptom alleviation. As part of a larger longitudinal study, 24 patients certified for MMJ use completed baseline executive function assessments and 11 of these so far have returned for their first follow-up visit 3 months after initiating treatment. Results suggest that in general, MMJ patients experienced some improvement on measures of executive functioning, including the Stroop Color Word Test and Trail Making Test, mostly reflected as increased speed in completing tasks without a loss of accuracy. On self-report questionnaires, patients also indicated moderate improvements in clinical state, including reduced sleep disturbance, decreased symptoms of depression, attenuated impulsivity, and positive changes in some aspects of quality of life. Additionally, patients reported a notable decrease in their use of conventional pharmaceutical agents from baseline, with opiate use declining more than 42%. While intriguing, these findings are preliminary and warrant further investigation at additional time points and in larger sample sizes. Given the likelihood of increased MMJ use across the country, it is imperative to determine the potential impact of short- and long-term treatment on cognitive performance as well as the efficacy of MMJ treatment itself.
A new murine monoclonal antibody for the diagnosis of erythroleukemia.

The authors have developed a murine monoclonal antibody, RC- 82.4, against an antigen expressed by a human erythroleukemia cell line OCI-MIR. The antibody reacts with an antigen expressed by proerythroblasts, normoblasts, and some reticulocytes but not expressed in erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes, plasma cells, or lymphocytes. The authors have established an immunocytochemical method for studying bone marrow smears with RC-82.4. By studying bone marrow smears from 11 patients with M-6 erythroleukemia and 104 patients with various other hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies, the authors have found that RC-82.4 has great sensitivity and specificity in recognizing erythroid differentiation in blasts. The authors have used RC-82.4 and antihemoglobin antibodies to identify erythroblasts in acute and secondary acquired cases of erythroleukemia that would have been unclassifiable by morphologicand all other conventional cytochemical and immunocytochemical criteria.
New trisubstituted cyanopyrazoles and cyanoscorpionates

Abstract New syntheses are reported to give pyrazoles with cyano substituents at the 4-position of the pyrazole ring and ethyl or isopropyl substituents at the 3-position, as well as pyrazoles with cyano substituents at the 4-position and alkyl/aryl/bromo substituents at both the 3- and 5-positions. Synthesis of scorpionates using tetradecane as a high-boiling solvent has been shown to be more efficient than the melt method and has led to new scorpionates using the newly synthesized pyrazoles. An unexpected complex is isolated in which the Ni(cyclam)2+ moiety crystallizes with two cyanoscorpionates as counterions, without binding of the scorpionate ligands to the Ni atom.
Fluorescence-based temperature sensor for in-situ imaging local temperature of aluminum nanoparticles on plasmonic gratings

We developed a novel plasmonic grating platform as a fluorescence-based temperature sensor for in-situ imaging of localized temperature and dynamic mapping of temperature in nanoscale due to photothermal heating of aluminum nanoparticles. Al/polymer nanoenergetics films with temperature sensitive dyes (Rhodamine 6G) were prepared and calibrated to obtain temperature-dependent dye fluorescence intensity. A tunable laser heating setup was developed for microscope imaging. We monitored the in-situ laser heating on Al/polymer/R6G systems by microscope and then constructed the spatial thermal mapping over time. Based on the fluorescence microscopic imaging, we can monitor Al nanoparticles movement and morphology changes for Al/polymer/Rhodamine 6G systems induced by laser heating. Al nanoparticles play an important role in laser heating due to the plasmonic, interband and intraband absorption characteristics of Al nanoparticles. Plasmonic grating platforms can not only significantly enhance the photothermal heating of Al compared with glass platforms, but also act as superlensing for sub-diffraction limited imaging of nanoparticles.
Contractive Systems with Inputs

Contraction theory provides an elegant way of analyzing the behaviors of systems subject to external inputs. Under sometimes easy to check hypotheses, systems can be shown to have the incremental stability property that all trajectories converge to a unique solution. This property is especially interesting when forcing functions are periodic (a globally attracting limit cycle results), as well as in the context of establishing synchronization results. The present paper provides a self-contained introduction to some basic results, with a focus on contractions with respect to non-Euclidean metrics.
Comparing the floquet stability of open and breathing fatigue cracks in an overhung rotordynamic system

Abstract Rotor cracks represent an uncommon but serious threat to rotating machines and must be detected early to avoid catastrophic machine failure. An important aspect of analyzing rotor cracks is understanding their influence on the rotor stability. It is well-known that the extent of rotor instability versus shaft speed is exacerbated by deeper cracks. Consequently, crack propagation can eventually result in an unstable response even if the shaft speed remains constant. Most previous investigations of crack-induced rotor instability concern simple Jeffcott rotors. This work advances the state-of-the-art by (a) providing a novel inertial-frame model of an overhung rotor, and (b) assessing the stability of the cracked overhung rotor using Floquet stability analysis. The rotor Floquet stability analysis is performed for both an open crack and a breathing crack, and conclusions are drawn regarding the importance of appropriately selecting the crack model. The rotor stability is analyzed versus crack depth, external viscous damping ratio, and rotor inertia. In general, this work concludes that the onset of instability occurs at lower shaft speeds for thick rotors, lower viscous damping ratios, and deeper cracks. In addition, when comparing commensurate cracks, the breathing crack is shown to induce more regions of instability than the open crack, though the open crack generally predicts an unstable response for shallower cracks than the breathing crack. Keywords: rotordynamics, stability, rotor cracks.