cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data dictionary services in XNAT and the Human Connectome Project

The XNAT informatics platform is an open source data management tool used by biomedical imaging researchers around the world. An important feature of XNAT is its highly extensible architecture: users of XNAT can add new data types to the system to capture the imaging and phenotypic data generated in their studies. Until recently, XNAT has had limited capacity to broadcast the meaning of these data extensions to users, other XNAT installations, and other software. We have implemented a data dictionary service for XNAT, which is currently being used on ConnectomeDB, the Human Connectome Project (HCP) public data sharing website. The data dictionary service provides a framework to define key relationships between data elements and structures across the XNAT installation. This includes not just core data representing medical imaging data or subject or patient evaluations, but also taxonomical structures, security relationships, subject groups, and research protocols. The data dictionary allows users to define metadata for data structures and their properties, such as value types (e.g., textual, integers, floats) and valid value templates, ranges, or field lists. The service provides compatibility and integration with other research data management services by enabling easy migration of XNAT data to standards-based formats such as the Resource Description Framework (RDF), JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), and Extensible Markup Language (XML). It also facilitates the conversion of XNAT's native data schema into standard neuroimaging vocabularies and structures.
Today's Majority: Faculty Outside the Tenure System

(2008). Today's Majority: Faculty Outside the Tenure System. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 50-54.
Praise and the Law

This is the first scholarly examination of praise (messages of approval) as a tool for shaping behavior through the law. As the law uses positive incentives (as opposed to sanctions) with increasing frequency, it is important to examine payouts other than financial ones. Financial payouts are ubiquitous, but have significant drawbacks. Financial incentives can decrease actors’ intrinsic motivation to behave how we want them to. Financial incentives have a limited domain; they sometimes seem wholly inappropriate (e.g., in the cases of motivating battlefield heroism or organ donation). Financial incentives can have undesirable wealth effects that increase desirable behavior less among the wealthy than among others. In addition, financial incentives are expensive and require both the payout and costly systems to protect against misappropriation.Praise, though today rarely used by the law, does not share these drawbacks. Messages of support and encouragement can increase actors’ intrinsic motivation to behave how we would like. Praise seems entirely appropriate, if not perfectly suited as a response to behavior where financial incentives do not seem right. Praise may not selectively motivate behavior based on wealth. And, compared to financial incentives, it is likely to be less costly. Praise also works quite well with the expressive power of law: praise expresses a meaning compatible with a wide range of visions of a good society. This Article lays the groundwork for a new multi-disciplinary scholarly dialogue on praise and the law.
A Rare Case of a 15-Year-Old Boy with Two Accessory Nipples: One in the Forearm and One in the Milk Line.

A 15-year-old male presented for evaluation of a volar forearm mass that he noticed four years before. The mass was not painful and his main concern was cosmesis. The mass was two centimeters in diameter with a pinpoint central sinus and scant drainage. After excision, the pathology report noted pilosebaceous units and smooth muscle bundles, consistent with an accessory nipple. In addition, the patient had another accessory nipple in the “milk line” on his torso. While accessory nipples and breast tissue have been reported in numerous locations throughout the body, this is the first reported case of an accessory nipple on the forearm.
Effect of Ambrisentan on Exercise Capacity in Adult Patients after the Fontan Procedure

The Fontan operation is a common end point for children born with a single functional ventricle. Fontan patients typically experience physiological deterioration leading to transplant or death in their third or fourth decades of life. This deterioration is partially attributable to progressive increases in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and as such endothelin receptor antagonists, which are known to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance, have been proposed as potentially beneficial in this population. We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 12 weeks of ambrisentan therapy (10 mg per day) versus placebo to test the hypothesis that endothelin receptor antagonism will improve cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters and 36-item short form (SF-36) assessed quality of life in adult Fontan patients. Twenty-eight patients entered the trial, 19 patients completed the protocol. Ambrisentan therapy improved peak oxygen consumption by 1.7 ml/kg/min in patients who achieved a respiratory exchange ratio of >0.95 (p = 0.05) and decreased the slope of the ventilatory equivalent ratio for oxygen (−2.8, p = 0.019) in all completers. It did not change SF-36 physical function score compared with placebo (p = 0.28). Ambrisentan therapy resulted in a decrease in (−1.4 g/dl, p
Urea Utilization by Cattle as Influenced by Casein

THE influence of casein on urea-nitrogen utilization by cattle was investigated in two studies. In a fattening study, the inclusion of casein to a soybean meal (SBM) or urea-supplemented ration depressed both average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (P<.05}. Casein addition, on the other hand, significantly (P <.05 increased rumen :ammonia concentration. The second and metabolism study involved the use of identical rations as in the fattening study. Cattle fed rations with casein did not show any significant decrease in nitrogen retention as compared to cattle fed rations without casein. However, there was a non-significant drop in nitrogen retention, and an increase in urinary nitrogen excretion attributable to casein. Ruminal histamine observed for steers on the fattening study was higher than that noted for steers on the metabolism study. Part of the poor performance of steers on the casein diets could be attributed to the higher urinary nitrogen excreted and the elevated ruminal histamine levels observed.
Using heteroclinic orbits to quantify topological entropy in fluid flows

Topological approaches to mixing are important tools to understand chaotic fluid flows, ranging from oceanic transport to the design of micro-mixers. Typically, topological entropy, the exponential growth rate of material lines, is used to quantify topological mixing. Computing topological entropy from the direct stretching rate is computationally expensive and sheds little light on the source of the mixing. Earlier approaches emphasized that topological entropy could be viewed as generated by the braiding of virtual, or “ghost,” rods stirring the fluid in a periodic manner. Here, we demonstrate that topological entropy can also be viewed as generated by the braiding of ghost rods following heteroclinic orbits instead. We use the machinery of homotopic lobe dynamics, which extracts symbolic dynamics from finite-length pieces of stable and unstable manifolds attached to fixed points of the fluid flow. As an example, we focus on the topological entropy of a bounded, chaotic, two-dimensional, double-vortex cavity flow. Over a certain parameter range, the topological entropy is primarily due to the braiding of a period-three orbit. However, this orbit does not explain the topological entropy for parameter values where it does not exist, nor does it explain the excess of topological entropy for the entire range of its existence. We show that braiding by heteroclinic orbits provides an accurate computation of topological entropy when the period-three orbit does not exist, and that it provides an explanation for some of the excess topological entropy when the period-three orbit does exist. Furthermore, the computation of symbolic dynamics using heteroclinic orbits has been automated and can be used to compute topological entropy for a general 2D fluid flow.
Effect of guard digits and normalization options on floating point multiplication

The effect of two important computer design parameters on floating point multiplication is studied. The parameters are the number of guard digits, and the decision whether the post-arithmetic normalization shift is done before or after rounding. Our results on the accurary of floating point multiplication depend on a stochastic model for computer numbers. There is an interesting interplay between guard digit possibilities and the normalization option. For example, our own first impression was that normalization before rounding would always be preferable to normalization after rounding. Our results show that this is not the case when there is only one guard digit. In a related vein, our results also give comprehensive justification of the following observation: On an even base machine whose architecture provides for normalization before rounding, one should not merely ask for symmetric rounding (rather than rounding by chopping). Instead one should ask for symmetric roundingplus two guard digits.
Close Friendship Relations of Housewives Residing in an Urban Community

the hypotheses that (a) fathers are more developmentally oriented than either adolescent males or females, and that (b) mothers are more developmentally oriented than adolescent males. The data fail to support the hypotheses that (a) mothers are more developmentally oriented than adolescent females, or that (b) significant differences exist between the fathers and mothers or between the adolescent males and females concerning their conceptions of a "good child." In the initial study no significant differences were found to exist among the mean scores of fathers, mothers, and their university-aged daughters. However, the fact that the university students' mean scores were somewhat more developmental than those of either of the parents led the authors to believe that a developmental point of view of family life is more generally accepted among young people than among their parents. The findings of the present investigation do not support such a belief. However, because all of the students in the initial study were enrolled in a course including content on marriage and the family at the Florida State University, it is not unlikely that conceptions of what constitutes good mother, father, and child roles may have been modified as the result of their study, and/or the students electing such a course may have been initially more developmentally oriented than their parents; or it may be that as a young person matures, he becomes more developmentally oriented than he was at an earlier age. The study reported herein provides empirical support for what has been observed in clinical experience, namely: (a) that members of the same family have different conceptions of what constitutes "good mother," "good father," and "good child" roles, (b) that greater agreement exists between the conceptions of husbands and wives than between fathers and their children, and (c) that greater agreement exists between the conceptions of mothers and their children than between fathers and their children. The data fail, however, to support the authors' earlier observation that women tend to be more developmentally oriented than men.
Lessons Learned From Implementing CDC’s STEADI Falls Prevention Algorithm in Primary Care

BACKGROUND: Falls lead to a disproportionate burden of death and disability among older adults despite evidence-based recommendations to screen regularly for fall risk and clinical trials demonstrating the effectiveness of multifactorial interventions to reduce falls. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries) to assist primary care teams to screen for fall risk and reduce risk of falling in older adults. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: This paper describes a practical application of STEADI in a large academic internal medicine clinic utilizing the Kotter framework, a tool used to guide clinical practice change. DESIGN AND METHODS: We describe key steps and decision points in the implementation of STEADI as they relate to the recommended strategies of the Kotter framework. Strategies include: creating a sense of urgency, building a guiding coalition, forming a strategic vision and initiative, enlisting volunteers, enabling success by removing barriers, generating short-term wins, sustaining change, and instituting change. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were screened during pilot testing; 360 patients were screened during the first 3 months of implementation. Key to successful implementation was (a) the development of electronic health record (EHR) tools and workflow to guide clinical practice and (b) the proactive leadership of clinical champions within the practice to identify and respond to barriers. IMPLICATIONS: Implementing falls prevention in a clinical setting required support and effort across multiple stakeholders. We highlight challenges, successes, and lessons learned that offer guidance for other clinical practices in their falls prevention efforts.Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Gerontological Society of America 2016. Language: en
First Case of Skin Leishmaniasis in Foreign Aid Staff in Sichuan

Leishmaniasis was once a kind of common epidemic disease in China,but skin leishmaniasis was rare.Besed on internal reports since 1950,there were more than 100 skin leishmaniasis case reported.In 2010,the first skin leishmaniasis case from a foreign aid staff was found in Sichuan province.This article is to report the case's clinical diagnosis,treatment and epidemic investigation.
Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein and homocysteine-thiolactone in mice.

Homocysteine (Hcy) and its metabolites Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and S-Hcy-protein are implicated in vascular and neurological diseases. However, quantification of these metabolites remains challenging. Here I describe streamlined assays for these metabolites based on their conversion to Hcy-thiolactone. Free Hcy-thiolactone is extracted from the urine with chloroform/methanol. Total Hcy is converted to Hcy-thiolactone in the presence of 1 N HCl. Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. Acid hydrolysis of MUP with 6 N HCl liberates N-linked Hcy as Hcy-thiolactone, which is then extracted with chloroform/methanol. Ferritin is used as an N-Hcy-protein standard and an authentic Hcy-thiolactone is used to monitor the efficiency of extraction. Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease.
Tumor Suppressor Genes

A tumor suppressor gene is a type of cancer gene that is created by a loss-of-function mutation. In contrast to the activating mutations that generate oncogenic alleles from proto-oncogene precursors, tumor suppressor genes and the proteins they encode are functionally inactivated by mutations.
Essays, Chronicles and Fiction: Alternatives to Despair

As some of the foregoing discussion has indicated, mutually exclusive distinctions between fact and fiction, or between the essay and the novel, can narrow the significance of reference to the literary and social climate. The essay and that form of fiction sometimes close to the essay, the chronicle, emphasise the tangible, direct, socially referential language that novelists sought to bring into fiction. Some writers of the period go further in blurring conventional distinctions between essay and fiction, in formal terms, in their own definitions of their careers, and in the acknowledgement, implicit or explicit, that essays and novels both mix fact and fiction in the author’s attempt to communicate her or his version of experience. The blurring of distinctions between literary forms is also, for some in the thirties, an anti-modernistic gesture, a deliberate counter-movement to what they, accurately or not, saw as a modernistic tendency to separate art from life, or artist from audience. The range and diversity of this literary representation of experience might best be seen through the language and concerns of three women influential during the 1930s: Rose Macaulay, Rebecca West and Storm Jameson. All wrote novels, essays, reports and chronicles throughout long careers; none was as great a novelist, as probing and intense in her representations of language, as were Elizabeth Bowen or Rosamond Lehmann.
Origins of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Abstract The cell of origin of the different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been debated for some time. The dogma for nearly 50 years has been that EOCs develop from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), a single layer of mesoepithelial cells with multipotent properties. More recently, evidence suggests that the most common EOC histotype, serous, might develop predominantly from mutated secretory cells at the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube, but another extra-ovarian source has also been proposed, as well as nonovarian sources for endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell types. This chapter will describe the evidence supporting both the OSE and these extraovarian sources as sites of origin for EOC.
You are what you drive: Environmentalist and social innovator symbolism drives electric vehicle adoption intentions

Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to dramatically reduce vehicle emissions contributing to climate change without significantly reducing convenience or mobility. Despite their potential, EV market share remains low, necessitating research to identify factors that could encourage more widespread adoption. For instance, concern about climate change is associated with intent to adopt an EV, but little is known about mechanisms through which this concern may translate into action. This study builds on previous work investigating the roles of symbolic and instrumental attributes in low-emission vehicle adoption, focusing exclusively on EVs to better understand perceptions associated with their unique technical capabilities. Prior work has examined symbolism rather generally (e.g., in terms of status). We examine specific aspects of self-identity that EVs may reflect, representing the extent to which consumers perceive EVs as symbols that they are environmentalists and/or social innovators. In addition, extending prior work, we quantify the relative influence of these separate aspects of symbolism on EV adoption intentions alongside instrumental, psychological, and demographic factors. We find differing impacts of these two symbols on EV adoption intentions. Environmentalist symbolism is consistently the strongest predictor of adoption, across three dependent variables. Innovator symbolism predicts willingness to lease/buy an EV, trailing only environmentalist symbolism in effect size, and outperforming instrumental attributes as well as psychological and demographic factors. Additionally, we examine a potential mechanism through which concern about climate change may translate into EV adoption intentions: we find that seeing EVs as environmentalist and social innovator symbols partially mediates the relationship between concern about climate change and EV adoption intentions. These results have implications for EV marketing and policy, and suggest that emphasizing the potential for EVs to reinforce specific self-identities may be a more promising strategy to increase adoption rates than emphasizing instrumental attributes such as fuel efficiency.
Ion-Tagged Oligonucleotides Coupled with a Magnetic Liquid Support for the Sequence-Specific Capture of DNA

The isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences is a major bottleneck in molecular diagnostics. Magnetic beads/particles are typically used as solid supports for the capture of DNA targets to improve sample throughput but aggregate over time resulting in lower capture efficiency and obstruction of liquid handling devices. Herein, we describe a particle-free approach to sequence-specific DNA extraction using a magnetic liquid support and ion-tagged oligonucleotide (ITO) probes. ITO conjugates were synthesized with the highest yields ever achieved for the radical thiol-ene coupling of a substrate and oligonucleotide. In addition to distinguishing nucleotide mismatches, the ITO and magnetic liquid-based approach was more sensitive than a commercial magnetic bead-based method for the capture of target DNA from a pool of interfering genomic DNA.
Loss of Southern Arrowwoods (Viburnum dentatum) Is Associated With Changes In Species Composition and Mass Gain By Spring Migrants Using Early Successional Habitat

ABSTRACT Over the last two centuries, a large and increasing number of non-native phytophagous insect species have become established in North America. In addition to the direct effects these insects have on their new host plants, indirect effects such as changes in community composition, community structure, and resource abundance have been reported. We investigated the indirect effects of viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni), a Eurasian native, on a landbird community using shrubland habitat during spring migration. We compared avian community composition and bird mass before and after viburnum leaf beetles invaded our site. Before invasion, southern arrowwoods (Viburnum dentatum) were a prominent native component of the vegetation community. Not only was the avian community more diverse prior to infestation, our estimates from this period also suggest seven of nine species examined gained mass, and most did so at high rates. The avian community was less diverse after beetle infestation, and capture...
An understanding of factors influencing retention of African-American undergraduate students in computer science

This paper describes factors that best predict intention among African-American undergraduate students to persist in the computer science (CS) major at two historically black colleges and universities (HBCU). The question posed in this study is: How might universities promote the attainment of African-American students in CS? To answer that question, we believe the right question to ask is "Why do those students who succeed in attaining a degree in CS, select and stay in the program?" rather than "Why do they drop out of CS program?" We explore this question by examining characteristics of African-American students who persist in the CS field. Although limited to two HBCUs, this study sheds light on strategies for improving retention computer science based on the characteristics/experiences of those who have persisted in the program.
From 2D to 3D in fluid turbulence: unexpected critical transitions

How do the laws of physics change with changes in spatial dimension? Maybe not at all in some cases, but in important cases, the changes are dramatic. Fluid turbulence – the fluctuating, intermittent and many-degree-of-freedom state of a highly forced fluid – determines the transport of heat, mass and momentum and is ubiquitous in nature, where turbulence is found on spatial scales from microns to millions of kilometres (turbulence in stars) and beyond (galactic events such as supernovae). When the turbulent degrees of freedom are suppressed in one spatial dimension, the resulting turbulent state in two dimensions (2D) is remarkably changed compared with the turbulence in three dimensions (3D) – energy flows to small scales in 3D but towards large scales in 2D. Although this result has been known since the 1960s due to the pioneering work of Kraichnan, Batchelor and Leith, how one transitions between 3D and 2D turbulence has remained remarkably unexplored. For real physical systems, this is a highly significant question with important implications about transport in geophysical systems that determine weather on short time scales and climate on longer scales. Is the transition from 3D to 2D smooth or are there sharp transitions that signal a threshold of the dominance of one type of turbulence over another? Recent results by Benavides & Alexakis (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 822 (2017), pp. 364–385) suggest that the latter may be the case – a surprising and provocative discovery.
A Guide to Quantitative Biomarker Assay Development using Whispering Gallery Mode Biosensors

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors are a class of powerful analytical techniques defined by the measurement of changes in the local refractive index at or near the sensor surface. When functionalized with target-specific capture agents, analyte binding can be measured with very low limits of detection. There are many geometric manifestations of WGM sensors, with chip-integrated silicon photonic devices first commercialized because of the robust, wafer-scale device fabrication, facile optical interrogation, and amenability to the creation of multiplexed sensor arrays. Using these arrays, a number of biomolecular targets have been detected in both label-free and label-enhanced assay formats. For example, sub-picomolar detection limits for multiple cytokines were achieved using an enzymatically enhanced sandwich immunoassay that showed high analyte specificity suitable for detection in complex, clinical matrices. This protocol describes a generalizable approach for the development of quantitative, multiplexed immunoassays using silicon photonic microrings as an example WGM platform. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Treatment Considerations for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Assessment of Treatment Response

The process of considering initial treatment options for a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), implementing that treatment, and reassessing response can be conceived as a 7-step process. A patient-centered approach, conducted in the context of a pulmonary hypertension care team, implements these steps in a thoughtful and well-organized fashion. Step 1: Perform a thorough diagnostic evaluation Step 2: Consider patient PAH classification and comorbidities Step 3: Assess risk profile Step 4: Develop a nuanced understanding of patient goals and preferences Step 5: Create an initial treatment strategy Step 6: Implement a proactive longitudinal follow-up care plan Step 7: Adjust treatment approach based on clear metrics of effectiveness and tolerability The burgeoning array of treatment options for PAH provides the opportunity to tailor therapy to the needs of individual patients, but also demands that the clinician develop a cogent strategy for initiating therapy, monitoring therapeutic respons...
Correction to: Benefit Duration and Return to Work Outcomes in Short Term Disability Insurance Programs: Evidence from Rhode Island's Temporary Disability Insurance Program.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the article title. The text “Rhode Island’s” inadvertently omitted in the original publication.
Drug Delivery with Protein and Peptide Carriers

Drugs or toxins such as methotrexate, adriamycin, daunomycin, fluorodeoxyuridine, neocarzinostatin, and ricin can be bound, either covalently or by occlusion, to proteins, synthetic polypeptides, and antibodies. Common reactions for coupling these drugs to carriers include the use of carbodiimides, the generation of Schiff bases followed by reduction, and the formation of disulfide linkages. Often a spacer group such as a dextran or polypeptide is included to facilitate the interaction. The resultant conjugates usually contain from approximately 5 to 25 mol of drug per mole of carrier and most retain attenuated antimetabolic properties typical of the free drug. The complexes, however, also possess the properties of the carrier, and in this way delivery and uptake of a bound drug by cells can be significantly different from that of the free drug. For example, in vivo, the higher molecular weight of the conjugate can lead to a larger retention time for the drug prior to excretion, with the attendant greater opportunity for interaction with target cells. Additionally, the mechanism by which the drug is taken up into a cellular target may be altered for the drug-carrier complex and, in the case of an antibody carrier, tissue specificity may also be added to the properties of the drug. These and other characteristics of the complexes are discussed in detail in the text and their possible relevance to chemotherapy is outlined.
Continuous-range tunable multilayer frequency-selective surfaces using origami and inkjet printing

The tremendous increase in the number of components in typical electrical and communication modules requires low-cost, flexible and multifunctional sensing, energy harvesting, and communication modules that can readily reconfigure, depending on changes in their environment. Current subtractive manufacturing-based reconfigurable systems offer limited flexibility (limited finite number of discrete reconfiguration states) and have high fabrication cost and time requirements. Thus, this paper introduces an approach to solve the problem by combining additive manufacturing and origami principles to realize tunable electrical components that can be reconfigured over continuous-state ranges from folded (compact) to unfolded (large surface) configurations. Special "bridge-like" structures are introduced along the traces that increase their flexibility, thereby avoiding breakage during folding. These techniques allow creating truly flexible conductive traces that can maintain high conductivity even for large bending angles, further enhancing the states of reconfigurability. To demonstrate the idea, a Miura-Ori pattern is used to fabricate spatial filters-frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) with dipole resonant elements placed along the fold lines. The electrical length of the dipole elements in these structures changes when the Miura-Ori is folded, which facilitates tunable frequency response for the proposed shape-reconfigurable FSS structure. Higher-order spatial filters are realized by creating multilayer Miura-FSS configurations, which further increase the overall bandwidth of the structure. Such multilayer Miura-FSS structures feature the unprecedented capability of on-the-fly reconfigurability to different specifications (multiple bands, broadband/narrowband bandwidth, wide angle of incidence rejection), requiring neither specialized substrates nor highly complex electronics, holding frames, or fabrication processes.
Is Catholic Clergy Sex Abuse Related to Homosexual Priests

Sex abuse of minor children by Catholic priests has been a persistent and widespread problem in the Church in recent years. Although over 8 in 10 of victims have been boys, the idea that the abuse is related to homosexual men in the priesthood has not been widely accepted by Church leaders. The influential report of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice on the causes and context of Catholic clergy sex abuse (hereafter “JJR2”, for John Jay Report 2) concluded that widespread American abuse was not related to the share of homosexual priests because the reported increase in “homosexual men in the seminaries in the 1980s …does not correspond to an increase in the number of boys who were abused.” To test JJR2’s conclusion, I examined the available data on clergy sexual orientation and the incidence of clergy sex abuse. The share of homosexual American priests over time was estimated from a 2002 survey by the Los Angeles Times newspaper that included questions about sexual orientation, age and year of ordination. Abuse was measured by reports from Catholic dioceses, the same data used in JJR2. I looked only at allegations of current abuse, and statistically adjusted the findings to eliminate differences due to the age of abuser and year of abuse. My findings showed that the increase or decrease in the percent of male victims was almost perfectly associated (the standardized regression coefficient was .98) with the increase or decrease of homosexual men in the priesthood. Among victims under age 8, the standardized coefficient was lower but still strong (.77). This indicates that 1) the abuse of boys is very strongly related to the share of homosexual men in the priesthood, but that 2) easier access to males among older victims (ages 8-17) may have also been an enabling factor. The increase or decrease of overall abuse was also highly associated (.93) with the increase/decrease of homosexual priests; not surprisingly since such a high proportion of victims were male. This finding was robust; the unadjusted correlation was still a strong .90. About half of this association was accounted for by the rise of subcultures or cliques of sexually active homosexual priests and faculty in Catholic seminaries. Prior to the 1950s the proportion of homosexual men in the priesthood was about the same as in the general population. By the 1980s homosexual men made up over 16% of the presbyterate, which is over 8 times that of the general population. That increased presence of homosexual priests has been accompanied by an increase of about 24 additional incidents of currently-reported abuse per year. Extrapolating to all reported abuse results in an estimate that if the concentration of homosexual men in the Catholic priesthood had remained at its relatively low level of the early 1950s, abuse would have been about 85% lower, sparing an estimated 12,594 children, mostly boys, from sexual victimization by Catholic priests in the United States.
Association of low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and high lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratios (LMR) with overall survival and response to induction chemotherapy (IC) when used to select patients (pts) with locally advanced squamous cell of the larynx (LSCC) for combined chemoradiation (CRT).

e17539Background: University of Michigan Cancer Center (UMCC) protocol 9520 treated pts with stage III/IV LSCC with 1 cycle of cisplatin & 5-FU (PF) to select pts for definitive therapy. Pts whose ...
Navigating successful confrontations: What should I say and how should I say it?

Abstract People often wonder what to say and how to say it during confrontable moments. Through our review and organization of relevant research, we present a “roadmap” for navigating successful confrontations. To prepare for confrontable moments, we argue that people can receive “drivers training” (e.g., to increase bias literacy) and “pack appropriately for the trip” (e.g., bringing optimism). After encountering a confrontable moment, would-be confronters can head directly into a confrontation and approach the ultimate destination of reducing others’ bias. Or, confronters may make a “pit stop” to take advantage of strategies that may help them to preserve positive impressions of themselves in others’ eyes. We review many factors that influence the likelihood of preserving positive impressions and reducing others’ biases, including “road hazards” that are likely to lead to undesired outcomes. Ultimately, this chapter highlights how successful confrontations can be achieved when they are appropriately navigated.
Age-Related Changes In Brain Catecholamines: A Synopsis Of Findings in C57BL/6J Mice and Other Rodent Models

During the past few years it has become clear that altered functions of several neurotransmitter systems occur during normal aging in short- and long-lived mammals. As will be described below and elsewhere in this symposium (Carlsson, Davies, Makman, McGee, Sladek, Wilkes) post-maturation impairments occur in dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems. A major con- temporary issue concerns the role of neuronal loss in the reported changes. The available information on the C57BL/6J male mouse will be reviewed in depth, since at present this strain is one of the best characterized rodent models for biochemical, endocrinological and pathological changes of aging.
Mechanistic origins of the high-pressure inhibition of methanol dehydration rates in small-pore acidic zeolites

Abstract Turnover rates of Bronsted acid-catalyzed methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether become inhibited at high methanol pressures (>10 kPa, 415 K) on small-pore zeolites (CHA, AEI, LTA, LEV), irrespective of the distribution of framework Al and their attendant H+ sites, but not on medium-pore or large-pore zeolites. High-pressure kinetic inhibition occurs concomitantly with the stabilization of higher-order methanol clusters (e.g., trimers, tetramers) observed experimentally by physisorption of liquid-like methanol and the appearance of vibrational modes for methanol clusters in IR spectra, consistent with the attenuation of such inhibition at higher temperatures (>450 K) that result in decreased methanol coverage. DFT-predicted methanol coverage phase diagrams confirm that higher-order methanol clusters form in pressure and temperature ranges corresponding to the onset of kinetic inhibition observed experimentally, and that higher-order methanol clusters are reactive but that excess methanol increases the apparent barriers to form kinetically relevant transition states that eliminate dimethyl ether and thus inhibit turnover rates. This combined experimental and theoretical investigation provides precise mechanistic interpretation of the high-pressure inhibition of methanol dehydration turnover rates on small-pore Bronsted acid zeolites. This rigorous analysis enables the development of kinetic models to account for the diverse structures of methanol precursors that dehydrate to form dimethyl ether, and methods to assess the prevalence of higher-order clusters that serve as reactive and inhibitory intermediates within small-pore zeolites during methanol conversion.
An EBA Plan for Primary Source Content: A New Model for Access and Ownership

In 2018, the University of Arizona Libraries entered into a 5-year evidence-based acquisition agreement with ProQuest to provide access to over 250 primary source collections; otherwise fiscally pr...
785 Estrogen-deprivation promotes Th1 polarization of tumor-associated T cells in a mouse model of high grade serous ovarian cancer

Background Immunotherapy has achieved long-term survival in patients with melanoma and other tumors, introducing a new paradigm in cancer treatment. Differential outcomes among men and women receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors implicate sex steroids as modulators of treatment response. Estrogen signaling has a profound impact on T cell function and has been shown to upregulate FoxP3 expression, promoting a suppressive regulatory phenotype. Conversely, estrogen deprivation promotes Th1 skewing, including increased IFN-γ production in response to antigen-specific stimulation. We hypothesize that immunomodulatory effects of estrogen deprivation will enhance immunotherapy outcomes. Our lab has previously demonstrated that IFN-γ levels in the TME predict response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) regimens in ovarian cancer models. CTLA4 but not PD1/PDL1 ICB combined with PARP inhibition (PARPi), an oral chemotherapeutic, significantly increased IFN-γ in the TME. Furthermore, IFN-γ was required for the durable survival benefit achieved with PARPi/anti-CTLA4. Here we test whether estrogen deprivation enhances IFN-γ production in the TME and response to PARPi/anti-PD1. Methods Five-week-old female FVB mice underwent oophorectomy, laparotomy without oophorectomy (sham), or no surgery (n = 5 per group). On day 10, mice were intraperitoneally challenged with 200,000 BR5-Akt syngeneic OC cells and randomly assigned to receive either PARPi/anti-CTLA4, PARPi/anti-PD1 or vehicle control treatment. PARPi (40mg/kg/day) was administered days 13-30 and 100 μg of anti-CTLA4 or 300 μg anti-PD1 was administered on D14. A second dose of anti-PD1 was given on D24. On day 30, peritoneal cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Tumor burden was measured by IVIS. Results Oophorectomy was associated with a significant increase in IFN-γ production by tumor-associated CD4+ T cells [30.4% vs 8.2%, p = 0.016] and an increase in the proportion of central memory CD8+ T cells [59.3% vs 34.9%, p = 0.007] in response to PARPi/anti-PD1 compared with sham and no-surgery controls. In contrast, no differences in T cell phenotype or function was noted among groups receiving PARPi/anti-CTLA4. These changes were associated with a decrease in tumor burden in response to PARPi/anti-PD1 on D30. Conclusions Estrogen deprivation promotes Th1 polarization among tumor-associated T cells in response to PARPi/anti-PD1 treatment. With evidence that high levels of IFN-γ in the TME strongly correlate with survival, we predict that these effects will enhance treatment outcomes in response to PARPi/anti-PD1. This work presents a rationale for testing estrogen receptor modulators in combination with immune therapy agents and provides a potential mechanism to account for observed differences in patient outcomes.
Combined weightbearing CT and MRI assessment of flexible progressive collapsing foot deformity

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between Weightbearing CT (WBCT) markers of pronounced peritalar subluxation (PTS) and MRI findings of soft tissue insufficiency in patients with flexible Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (PCFD). We hypothesized that significant correlation would be found. Methods Retrospective comparative study with 54 flexible PCFD patients. WBCT and MRI variables deformity severity were evaluated, including markers of pronounced PTS, as well as soft tissue degeneration. A multiple regression analysis and partition prediction models were used to evaluate the relationship between bone alignment and soft tissue injury. P-values of less than .05 were considered significant. Results Degeneration of the posterior tibial tendon was significantly associated with sinus tarsi impingement (p = .04). Spring ligament degeneration correlated to subtalar joint subluxation (p = .04). Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament involvement was the only one to significantly correlate to the presence of subfibular impingement (p = .02). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that WBCT markers of pronounced deformity and PTS were significantly correlated to MRI involvement of the PTT and other important restraints such as the spring and talocalcaneal interosseus ligaments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Retrospective comparative study.
Evaluation of targeted next-generation sequencing for detection of equine pathogens in clinical samples:

Equine infectious disease outbreaks may have profound economic impact, resulting in losses of millions of dollars of revenue as a result of horse loss, quarantine, and cancelled events. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to limit the spread of infectious diseases. However, laboratory detection of infectious agents, especially the simultaneous detection of multiple agents, can be challenging to the clinician and diagnostic laboratory. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), which allows millions of DNA templates to be sequenced simultaneously in a single reaction, is an ideal technology for comprehensive testing. We conducted a proof-of-concept study of targeted NGS to detect 62 common equine bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens in clinical samples. We designed 264 primers and constructed a bioinformatics tool for the detection of targeted pathogens. The designed primers were able to specifically detect the intended pathogens. Results of testing 27 clinical samples with our targeted NGS assay compared with results of routine tests (assessed as a group) yielded positive percent agreement of 81% and negative percent agreement of 83%, overall agreement of 81%, and kappa of 0.56 (moderate agreement). This moderate agreement was likely the result of low sensitivity of some primers. However, our NGS assay successfully detected multiple pathogens in the clinical samples, including some pathogens missed by routine techniques.
Simulation assisted design for microneedle manufacturing: Computational modeling of two-photon templated electrodeposition

Abstract Fully metallic micrometer-scale 3D architectures can be fabricated via a hybrid additive methodology combining multi-photon lithography with electrochemical deposition of metals. The methodology – referred to as two-photon templated electrodeposition (2PTE) – has significant design freedom that enables the creation of complicated, traditionally difficult-to-make, high aspect ratio metallic structures such as microneedles. These complicated geometries, combined with their fully metallic nature, can enable precision surgical applications such as inner ear drug delivery or fluid sampling. However, the process involves electrochemical deposition of metals into complicated 3D lithography patterns thicker than 500 μm. This causes potential and chemical gradients to develop within the 3D template, creating limitations to what can be designed. These limitations can be explored, understood, and overcome via numerical modeling. Herein we introduce a numerical model as a design tool that can predict growth for manufacturing complicated 3D metallic geometries. The model is successful in predicting the geometric result of 2PTE, and enables extraction of insights about geometric constraints through exploration of its mechanics.
Beyond income: US households’ financial position perceptions and their willingness to consume tourism

People’s tourism demand decisions can be affected by perceived shifts in their finances. This study investigates how perceptions of financial positions can affect people’s decisions to consume tour...