cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conceptualization and measurement of temporal focus: The subjective experience of the past, present, and future.

Temporal focus is the attention individuals devote to thinking about the past, present, and future, and the concept is important because it affects how people incorporate perceptions about past experiences, current situations, and future expectations into their attitudes, cognitions, and behavior. However, temporal focus has not been clearly defined nor situated in a nomological network of constructs. In addition, existing measures of temporal focus suffer from various shortcomings. In this paper, we advance the concept of temporal focus by critically examining its conceptualization, developing a new measure of temporal focus (Temporal Focus Scale; TFS), and evaluating the validity (i.e., construct, convergent, discriminant, nomological, and predictive validity) of the TFS across four studies. We conclude that understanding how individuals focus their attention toward the past, present, and future clarifies their responses to explicit and implicit temporal information, which suggests that a variety of research streams would benefit from incorporating the concept of temporal focus.
Increased resistance to influenza as a possible source of heterozygote advantage in cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal or semi-lethal genetic disease in Caucasians of Central European origin, among whom it is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait at a frequency approximately 10 times that expected from recurrent mutation alone. A decreased sialic acid content has been observed in cell surface glycoproteins on cystic fibrosis fibroblasts and in numerous soluble glycoprotein preparations from cystic fibrosis homozygotes. Sialic acid residues on cell surface glycoconjugates play an essential role in the binding and infectivity of myxoviruses and paramyxoviruses, including those causing pandemic influenza. It is suggested that increased resistance to these viruses conferred by similar but quantitatively smaller alterations in sialoglycoconjugate structure in cystic fibrosis heterozygotes may have provided a selective advantage to maintain the high frequency of the cystic fibrosis gene in Caucasian populations.
Displaced proximal humeral fractures. II. Treatment of three-part and four-part displacement.

A study of 117 three-part and four-part displaced proximal humeral fractures, followed for from one to sixteen years, is presented. The ages of the patients averaged 55.3 years. Treatment began with closed reduction in seventy-seven patients, the result of which were accepted in thirty-one. Open reduction was done in forty-three patients, and prosthetic replacement in forty-three patients. Their results were rated by a numerical system. Closed reduction was found inadequate for active, healthy patients in either group. This was because of uncontrollable rotatory displacement in three-part fractures and avascular necrosis of the detached head in four-part fractures. Most of the poor results of open reduction in three-part displacements were due to errors in reduction or fixation while those in four-part displacements were due to avascular necrosis of the head. It. was concluded that the preferable method for three-part fractures was open reduction and that for four-part fractures was prosthetic replacement. Using these indications, the typical result was satisfactory but imperfect and many months were required for maximum recovery. Surgical errors and technique are discussed.
Upregulation of G protein-linked receptor kinases with advancing age in rat aorta.

The age-related decline in β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR)-mediated vasorelaxation is associated with desensitization of β-ARs without significant downregulation. The primary mode of this homologous β...
Blind acoustic echo cancellation without double-talk detection

The near-end and far-end signals in an echo cancellation problem are modeled as independent Gaussian random processes obeying a structured form of non-stationarity in which the statistics are constant over short intervals but are allowed to change from one interval to the next. With these assumptions the echo cancellation problem is cast as a semi-blind source separation problem and principles of maximum likelihood are applied to estimate the echo cancellation filter. The form of this estimate is analyzed as the width of the intervals decreases to a single sample. This leads to an adaptive filtering algorithm reminiscent of recursive least squares (RLS) but enjoying superior convergence properties due to the presence of a normalizing factor that regulates the flow of information into the statistical quantities used by RLS. The normalization acts intrinsically as a “soft” double-talk detection mechanism. Simulation results demonstrate the behavior of the algorithm during multiple conditions including double talk. It achieves 10–15 dB lower misadjustment than conventional RLS adaptive filtering.
Cytokines orchestrating the immune response

Summary The author summarises the current knowledge of the major immune cytokines, their receptors and functions, and illustrates the pivotal role of cytokines in regulating immune responses. As researchers explore the factors which influence the genetics of disease resistance in livestock and poultry, alleles associated with differences in the expression of, and responsiveness to, cytokines will inevitably be defined. Variations in cytokine receptors, as well as in sensitivity to the rapidly expanding array of cytokine agonists and antagonists, will also be identified. These differences influence not only disease resistance but also potential disease pathology and speed of recovery from infection. The author concludes with a discussion of some uses of cytokines in clinical practice. This area is the subject of active exploration with clinical trials in many species, addressing issues such as immune system stimulation and disease treatment with cytokine proteins. As veterinarians use such new biotherapeutics, the issue of genetic control of responses to deliberate cytokine stimulation will become important to producers.
HABITAT BUT NOT BODY SHAPE AFFECTS PREDATOR ATTACK FREQUENCY ON LIZARD MODELS IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO

Predators use characteristics such as pattern and shape in forming search images of prey, thereby influencing the evolution of prey morphology. In lizards, sit-and-wait foraging species are thought to have body shapes that enhance their ability to remain cryptic to predators. Structurally complex habitats provide more opportunities for prey to avoid detection, thus predator foraging efficiency is predicted to be higher in structurally simple habitats. I used clay lizard models to test whether predation varies among lizards with different body shapes and whether predation varies among habitats in the Brazilian Cerrado with different structural characteristics. Predator attack frequency was highest in the most structurally complex habitat, but the probability of being attacked was higher in more open microhabitats. Attack frequencies did not significantly differ among the four lizard model shapes. Lizards and birds were the main attackers of models and attacks were primarily directed toward the models' heads. My results demonstrate that predator- prey interactions are largely influenced by the environmental context and scale, and that body shape alone does not efficiently promote crypsis.
Competency revalidation study of specialty practice in sports physical therapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Every ten years the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties conducts a practice analysis to revalidate and revise the description of specialty practice for sports physical therapy (SPT). The primary purpose of this paper is to describe the process and results of the most recent analysis, which defines the competencies that distinguish the subspecialty practice of (SPT). Additionally, the study allowed for the comparison of responses of board certified specialists in SPT to respondents who were not specialists while reflecting on demographic changes and evolving trends since the previous analysis of this physical therapy specialty practice was conducted 10 years ago. METHODS A survey instrument based on guidelines from the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties was developed by the Sports Specialty Council (SSC) and a panel of subject matter experts (SME) in SPT to re-evaluate contemporary practice. The instrument was pilot tested and following revisions, was sent to 1780 physical therapists, 930 of whom were board certified specialists in SPT and 850 of whom were randomly selected members of the Sports Physical Therapy Section (SPTS) who were not board certified specialists in SPT. 414 subjects returned completed surveys for a 23% response rate. 235 of the respondents were known to be board certified sports specialists, 120 did not indicate their specialty status, and 35 were non-specialists in SPT. All were members of the SPTS of the American Physical Therapy Association. The survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Univariate comparisons were performed using parametric and nonparametric statistical tests in order to evaluate differences between specialist and non-specialist item responses. RESULTS The survey results were reviewed by the SSC and a panel of SME. Using a defined decision making process, the results were used to determine the competencies that define the specialty practice of SPT. Survey results were also used to develop the SPT specialty board examination blueprint and define the didactic curriculum required of accredited SPT residency programs. A number of significant comparisons between the specialists and non-specialists were identified. CONCLUSION The competency revalidation process culminated in the publication of the 4th edition of the Sports Physical Therapy Description of Specialty Practice in November of 2013. This document serves to guide the process related to the attainment and maintenance of the board certified clinical specialization in SPT. In anticipation of the continued evolution of this specialty practice, this process will be repeated every 10 years to reassess the characteristics of these providers and the factors they consider critically important and unique to the practice of SPT.
Diagnostic ultrasound for detection of intrauterine growth retardation.

There were 738 fetal BPD determined in 468 normal obstetric patients between 16 and 43 weeks in whom (1) the size of the uterus on initial examination corresponded to the duration of amenorrhea ± 1 week and (2) there were no complications during the pregnancy. The mean BPD ± 2 S.D. was determined for each week. The rate of BPD growth was found to be 0.26 cm. per week from 18 to 38 weeks. One hundred random high-risk obstetric patients in whom the size of the uterus on initial examination corresponded to the weeks of amenorrhea ± 1 week were studied. Two patterns of suspected IUGR are observed: one shows BPD values more than 2 S.D. below the mean; the other manifests a decreased Δ BPD. Combinations of the two may be seen. At delivery seven neonates were identified who were SGA and could not be detected in utero by single BPD measurements.
Parent–child communication about abstinence and safer sex in parochial school families

ABSTRACTFamilial values, attitudes, and other social characteristics can influence adolescent decision-making. These beliefs and those set forward by religious doctrine contribute to delays in sexual debut. Using both qualitative (N = 52) and quantitative (N = 140) methods and framed by the theory of planned behavior, this study examined parent–child HIV sexual risk communication (PCHSRC) among parents of children attending Catholic parochial schools. Significant correlations were found between PCHSRC, normative and control beliefs, and intentions. Predictors of PCHSRC included control beliefs, age of child, and race. Predictive barriers included behavioral and control beliefs, family normative beliefs, and being Hispanic. Being Catholic was not a significant predictor of PCHSRC beliefs or behaviors. Members of religious conservative groups have unique PCHSRC and prevention needs; interventions focused on HIV risk reduction behaviors must target knowledge, increase parental comfort, and provide guidance o...
Discussions on Key Technologies of New Generation Power Line Carrier Communication

In order to support smart distribution grid, more flexible and economical communication systems are needed, and the power line carrier communication is considered as one of the most suitable technologies for this purpose. This paper first introduces the situations and the development trend of the power line carrier communication, and then proposes a new generation power line carrier communication technology for the smart grid applications. Combining with the communication requirements of the smart grid distribution business, main characteristics and technical charges of the new generation power line carrier technology, as well as the basic features, the physical layer and the MAC layer of the cross-band power line carrier channels and key technologies including cooperative diversity, spectrum cognitive and cross-band couple, are described. At last, this paper discusses application perspectives of the technology.
Elective laparoscopic adrenalectomy outcomes in 1099 ACS NSQIP patients: identifying candidates for early discharge.

This study evaluates the risk of complications associated with elective laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) as reported in a national dataset. We hypothesize that the risk for major complication is associated with identifiable perioperative variables. This information may aid in understanding who safely could be discharged early after surgery, including same-day discharge. Elective LA from 2009 to 2010 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use File were reviewed. A priori selection of likely risk factors for complications was assessed for their association with morbidity. Sequential bivariable logistic regression was used to measure the statistical significance of each risk factor's observed association with the occurrence of major morbidity after surgery. The potential for multiple comparisons bias was accounted for by using a high threshold (P 2, and operative time were statistically significant at P < 0.01. Complications are rare events among elective LA patients. However, several readily identifiable patient characteristics are associated with the occurrence of complications among these patients. These patient characteristics should be taken into account when considering future trials of early discharge after LA, including same-day discharge.
Signaling Reactions on Membrane Surfaces: The Roles of Space, Force, and Time

The cell membrane is a two-dimensional fluid emulsion within which a majority of cellular signaling reactions take place. Among the many possible ways physical aspects of the membrane surface can impact these signaling processes, lipid immiscibility and the tendency towards demixing as well as the restriction of orientational degrees of freedom stand out as especially significant. I will describe results from several newly reconstituted membrane signaling systems that highlight this significant and sometimes surprising impact of membranes on the chemistry of cellular signal transduction.
A new model predictive based Maximum Power Point Tracking method for photovoltaic applications

This paper presents a new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for Photovoltaic (PV) applications. The proposed method is based on the concept of Model Predictive Control (MPC) with unique properties. Unlike the traditional works that use MPC current or voltage control for MPPT, the proposed method treats the PV module as the plant and uses the predictions of the behavior of the PV module for tracking the Maximum Power Point (MPP). The paper provides experimental results to verify the operation of the proposed method.
A Conditional Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 Derivative Stimulates Extensive Self Renewal of Genetically Modified Primary Hematopoietic Cells.

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) signaling has been implicated in self renewal and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. We have studied the effect of a conditional FGFR-1 in genetically modified primary mouse bone marrow cells. The activity of the conditional FGFR-1 is dependent on the presence of a drug called a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID). For these studies we used a bicistronic vector encoding green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a marker and a fusion protein made up of the intracellular portion of FGFR-1 and the CID binding domain. To test the construct in vitro we plated transduced mouse bone marrow cells in 10% serum with or without the CID, AP20187 (100 nM). While the cells without CID died within two weeks, in the culture with CID the transduced, GFP marked cells proliferated. These hematopoietic cells have proliferated in vitro for over 30 weeks. This makes FGFr-1 only the second CID dependent receptor, other than mpl, that is able to support long-term self renewal of primary hematopoietic cells. By day 28 of culture cells had expanded from 106 to 1.2x1012 cells. The differentiation potential of these cells was tested by transplanting 8 million cells into each of 5 lethally irradiated (1050 cGy) congenic recipients. Four mice are alive 76 days post transplantation, with mean frequencies of GFP positive red cells, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes, B cells and T cells of 55%, 5%, 85%, 98%, 42% and 2%, respectively. These findings indicate that cells expanded under the influence of FGFR-1 signaling retain both lymphoid and myeloid repopulating ability. Additionally, CID-mediated activation of FGFR-1 induced a dramatic rise in genetically modfied red cells, granulocytes and monocytes in vivo. These findings point to a clear difference between CID induced activation of FGFR-1 compared to our previous studies using the thrombopoietin receptor, where effects on neutrophils and monocytes are modest and variable. The CID controlled activation of FGFR-1 may have utility for control of genetically modified hematopoietic cells.
Sociodemographic disparities in chronic pain, based on 12-year longitudinal data.

Existing estimates of sociodemographic disparities in chronic pain in the United States are based on cross-sectional data, often treat pain as a binary construct, and rarely test for nonresponse or other types of bias. This study uses 7 biennial waves of national data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2010; n = 19,776) to describe long-term pain disparities among older (age 51+) American adults. It also investigates whether pain severity, reporting heterogeneity, survey nonresponse, and/or mortality selection might bias estimates of social disparities in pain. In the process, the article clarifies whether 2 unexpected patterns observed cross-sectionally-plateauing of pain above age 60, and lower pain among racial/ethnic minorities-are genuine or artefactual. Findings show high prevalence of chronic pain: 27.3% at baseline, increasing to 36.6% thereafter. Multivariate latent growth curve models reveal extremely large disparities in pain by sex, education, and wealth, which manifest primarily as differences in intercept. Net of these variables, there is no racial/ethnic minority disadvantage in pain scores, and indeed a black advantage vis-a-vis whites. Pain levels are predictive of subsequent death, even a decade in the future. No evidence of pain-related survey attrition is found, but surveys not accounting for pain severity and reporting heterogeneity are likely to underestimate socioeconomic disparities in pain. The lack of minority disadvantage (net of socioeconomic status) appears genuine. However, the age-related plateauing of pain observed cross-sectionally is not replicated longitudinally, and seems partially attributable to mortality selection, as well as to rising pain levels by birth cohort.
Big data from tiny flies: patterns revealed from over 42,000 phorid flies (Insecta: Diptera: Phoridae) collected over one year in Los Angeles, California, USA

The first ever large-scale inventory of an urban phorid fly fauna is described. Collections from 30 Malaise traps from urban Los Angeles over one year from the BioSCAN Project document the presence of 99 species from 42,480 specimens identified. Species accumulation curves predict 102–106 species actually occurring in this area. Collections are overwhelmingly dominated by the North American fungus feeding species Megaselia agarici, which accounts for about one quarter of all specimens identified. Percentage of M. agarici per site ranges from approximately 4% to 75%. Diversity varied significantly among sites, with species richness per site ranging from 23 to 82. Implications of patterns of abundance, diversity, and size are discussed.
Patient-reported outcomes in cancer survivorship.

Background: There are currently 33 million cancer survivors worldwide. With improvements in early cancer detection and treatments, patients are living longer – and it is well-recognized that many s...
STEEP DECREASE IN THE RATE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION FROM 2000 TO 2008

Background: The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) has been decreasing for several decades. However, scant data are available on whether this decline has been magnified, diminished, or remained stable over the recent 15 year period. Methods: Using the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition
BIM-Driven components library for Islamic Facilities (BIM-IF)

Islamic architectural history encompasses a substantial amount of information that needs to be categorized and digitally modeled so it can be utilized proficiently in the design phases of any project that seeks Islamic construction character. This paper centers on developing BIM-driven three-dimensional object library for Hejazi Islamic Architecture (HIAC) styles, construction methods, structural elements, and architectural components. The Ottoman style architecture has had profound effects on the Hijazi region for more than three hundred years. This influence remains largely uncategorized and digitally undocumented. Building Information Modelling (BIM) approach is used to develop parametric three-dimensional models of HIACs that are used in the structure and construction of Hijazi buildings. The HIACs are aggregated and classified according to their type and origin with respect to the chronological timeline of Islamic Architecture (IA). The creation of this BIM-Driven Components Library for Islamic Facilities (BIM-IF), thus allows for the use of HIACs in the design phases of projects that aim to incorporate IA styles. Each HIAC in the BIM-IA library contains architectural, structural and constructional data that is categorized using informatics tables appended with the digital models. In addition to the essential design data, the BIM-IF library provides designers with various historical information and details about numerous unique Ottoman styles.
Endoscopic management of airway complications after lung transplantation.

Airway complications remain a source of significant morbidity after lung transplantation. The current incidence of such complications is 12% to 15%. The associated mortality is 2% to 3%. Extensive necrosis and anastomotic dehiscence have become rare, but granulation tissue accumulation, stenosis, and bronchomalacia persist. The major factors that increase the risk for such complications are those that aggravate anastomotic ischemia. Because blood flow to the donor main-stem bronchus is derived from collateral circulation from the pulmonary arteries, minimizing pulmonary inflammation, optimizing pulmonary blood flow, and limiting exposure to positive pressure ventilation are important considerations. Attention to organ preservation techniques and perioperative management is critically important. Controversy remains regarding the optimal anastomotic technique, but properly done, end-to-end anastomosis is readily reproducible and is associated with a low incidence of complications. Attempts to restore the bronchial circulation surgically are not associated with significant reductions in airway complications. Similarly, the routine use of vascularized soft tissue reinforcement no longer seems justified. Most complications can be managed readily with a combination of endoscopic techniques, including debridement (with or without laser or cryotherapy), dilation, and stent placement. Resective procedures rarely are indicated, and retransplantation should be reserved for exceptional cases.
An Online Dimension of Sports Fanship: Fan Activity on NFL Team-Sponsored Websites

ABSTRACTSports is a cultural phenomenon that has a pervasive presence in daily life. For fans, sports is a personal and social activity that involves following games across media platforms, talking with other fans, and contributing their viewpoint to the cacophony of voices on sports websites. This study examines one dimension of the active and social nature of sports fanship – that of the extent and timing of fan comments on NFL team-sponsored websites. Using message board activity from ten NFL teams, it documents the pattern of fan postings between games. Fan activity is greatest within the first 24 h of a game and then tapers throughout the week without increasing until the next game begins. Beyond this, fans are more likely to post after their team wins but there is an undercurrent suggesting factors other than game outcomes may account for fan activity.
Tracking the fate of fresh carbon in the Arctic tundra: Will shrub expansion alter responses of soil organic matter to warming?

Abstract Rapid climate warming in the Arctic threatens to destabilize vast stocks of soil carbon (C) that have accumulated over millennia, which could amplify the C-climate feedback. However, climate-induced shrub expansion may counteract these losses if their higher-quality litter (lower C:N) is efficiently incorporated into microbial products and stabilized within the soil. Alternatively, increased C inputs could stimulate microbial decomposition of old soil organic matter (SOM) through priming mechanisms. We investigated whether inputs of low molecular weight carbon (LMW-C) induced SOM priming or retention in soils underlying Eriophorum vaginatum, an ubiquitous tussock-forming sedge, and Betula nana, a dominant shrub that is expanding its range and coverage across the Arctic. We did not find evidence of priming, defined as an increase in the decomposition of native SOM stocks, from soils underlying either vegetation type. However, microbial respiration of new LMW-C inputs was twice as high in soils underlying E. vaginatum than B. nana, while belowground retention of new LMW-C inputs was 150% higher in soils underlying B. nana. Our results highlight the extraordinary capacity of shrub-colonized soils to retain new C inputs belowground, which may mitigate soil C loss as the Arctic climate warms.
Principles of Perchlorate Treatment

Perchlorate remediation has progressed significantly in an extremely short period. Prior to 1997 relatively few technologies were available, and there was not a substantial body of research to support the development of new technologies. With the recognition of perchlorate as a groundwater contaminant at a number of high profile sites, an enormous effort and concomitant success has been made in developing a variety of technologies capable of perchlorate remediation. These technologies include both biologicaland chemical-based systems. In general, most ex situ remediation systems in use at drinking water treatment facilities have utilized abiotic technologies while there are numerous examples of both biotic and abiotic processes for ex situ remediation facilities. In contrast to the ex situ treatment facilities, in situ remediation efforts are solely based on biotic treatment processes. This chapter presents the technical foundation for perchlorate remediation technologies with a specific emphasis on those capable of in situ applications.
Are Educational Psychology Courses Educationally and Psychologically Sound? What Textbooks and Teachers Say

Educational psychology courses should be the best taught courses on college campuses given that its instructors and textbook authors are resident experts in learning and teaching. More specifically, we contend that educational psychology courses should adhere to six principles. Educational psychology courses should: (a) be driven by teaching models, (b) integrate theory and practice, (c) provide opportunities to practice teaching skills, (d) present an integrated model for instructional planning, (e) prepare teachers to teach learning strategies, and (f) help students learn. We surveyed practicing teachers and analyzed current educational psychology texts and found that these principles are not upheld. We report on the principles, our findings, and how an educational psychology course that upholds these principles might be developed.
Metric and Normed Spaces

It is natural to think about distance between physical objects—people, say, or buildings or stars. In what follows, we explore — notion of “closeness” for such things as functions and sequences. (How far is f (x)= x3 from g(x) =sin x? How far is the sequence (1/n) from (2/n2)?) The way we answer such — question is through the idea of — metric space.In principle, it enables us to talk about the distance between colorsor ideas or songs. When we can measure “distance,” we can take limits or “perform analysis.” Special distance-measuring devices called norms are introduced for vector spaces. The analysis we care most about in this book involves norms. This type of analysis is known as functional analysis because the vector spaces of greatest interest are spaces of functions.
Abolitionizing Missouri: German Immigrants and Racial Ideology in Nineteenth-Century America

Review of: "Abolitionizing Missouri: German Immigrants and Racial Ideology in Nineteenth-Century America", by Kristen Layne Anderson.
How Mother and Father Support Affect Youths' Interest in Computer Science

Parental support is a predictor of children's career interest and aspirations. However, mother and father support affects youth career choices differently. To understand how perceived mothers' and fathers' support affect career interest in computer science (CS), we developed two path models using both mother and father support gains to predict youths' interest in CS. We hypothesized that perceived father's and mother's support would relate to youths' interest in CS via youths' perception of CS utility value as a mediator. We found that both mother and father support leads to interest in CS. However, father support was found to affect CS interest via the mediator utility-value beliefs. To provide explanations for these differences we used student interview data to explore how participants in our study perceived parental support.
Abstract TP68: Shorter Door-to-Needle Time is the Only Independent Predictor for Initiation of Intravenous Thrombolysis (IVT) Within the Golden Hour

Introduction: Administration of tPA in the first 60 min post-onset, the golden hour (GH), is associated with improved functional outcomes but remains unachievable in the vast majority of patients. ...
Effect of Influenza on Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine whether influenza infection increases morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF). Background Patients with HF may be at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from influenza infection. However, there are limited data for the associated hazards of influenza infection in HF patients. Methods We queried the 2013 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample database for all adult patients (18 years of age or older) admitted with HF with and without concomitant influenza infection. Propensity score matching was used to match patients across age, race, sex, and comorbidities. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, in-hospital complications, length of stay, and average hospital costs. Results Of 8,189,119 all-cause hospitalizations in patients with HF, 54,590 (0.67%) had concomitant influenza infection. Patients with concomitant influenza had higher incidence of in-hospital mortality (6.2% vs. 5.4%, respectively; odds ratio [OR]: 1.15 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03 to 1.30]; p = 0.02), acute respiratory failure (36.9% vs. 23.1%, respectively; OR: 1.95 [95% CI: 1.83 to 2.07]; p Conclusions Influenza infection is associated with increased in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients with HF. Our results emphasize the need for efforts to mitigate the incidence of influenza, specifically in this high-risk patient cohort.
The telecommunications handbook

TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, REGULATION, AND STANDARDIZATION, Section Editor Floris van den Broek, AT&T Trends in Telecommunications, Kornel Terplan Regulation Standardization BASIC COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES, Section Editor Rolf Stadler, Columbia University, New York Telecommunication Services Engineering, Jean-Pierre Hubax and Simon Zanty Signaling inTelecommunications Systems, Steve Minzer Telecommunications Services on Broadband Networks, Hisaya Hadama Mobile and Wireless Telecommunication Networks, Michele Zorzi COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, Section Editor Patricia Morreale FDDI/CDDI and Real-Time Communications, Biao Chen Multiple Access Communications Networks, Izhak Rubin Digital Subscriber Line Technologies, John (Toby) Jessup SONET and SDH, Henry W. Owen VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS, Section Editor Dan Minoli, Teleport Communication Group (TCG), Staten Island, New York An Overview of Digital Video and Multimedia, Technologies and Applications, Dan Minoli, Emma Minoli and Larry Sookchand ITU-T H.320/H.323, Dan Minoli, Emma Minoli and Larry Sookchand MPEG-2 Standard Details, Dan Minoli, Emma Minoli and Larry Sookchand QoS Issues and Video over the Internet, Dan Minoli, Emma Minoli and Larry Sookchand
Recycling of End-of-Life Lithium Ion Batteries, Part I: Commercial Processes

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are an essential energy-storage device for a majority of advanced electronics used in our everyday lives, from cell phones and laptops, to medical devices and electric vehicles. Despite their continued widespread adoption, methods to recycle and reuse end-of-life (EOL) LIB materials are still under active development. In the first part of this two-part review on LIB recycling, we review current commercial scale processes in practice for recycling or reusing EOL LIB components. Future waste projections estimate 4 million tons of cumulative EOL EV battery modules by 2030, which is above the current global recycling capacity. All of the processes in use today utilize a combination of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical or mechanical and hydrometallurgical processing to recover mainly cobalt and nickel and copper, while other components are disposed as waste unless further processed. In this review, we highlight the need for recycling LIB material components based on resource availability and the current processes in practice to recover and recycle LIBs.
Application-Adaptable Chipless RFID Tag: Design Methodology, Metrics, and Measurements

The field of chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) is growing due to cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and versatility of the technology. Typically, the chipless RFID tags use a single type of resonator in their design and are designed for a singular application. These design practices are limiting both in terms of versatility and practicality. This article builds on previous work and proposes a new application-adaptable tag design methodology. This methodology revolves around the use of combinations of multiple types of resonators in backscatter-based frequency-coded tag designs for the purpose of enhancing the versatility and utility of the chipless RFID technology. From this novel design methodology, an original tag design presented previously that achieves a high bit density of 27.54 bits/cm2 is further analyzed and optimized for two applications. Furthermore, this article presents a method for associating tag response characteristics to tag geometry and develops new tag metrics that can be used more effectively to compare the merits of sensing-based tags. The measurements of the manufactured tags are also presented, and the associated measurement challenges are discussed.
SIGACT News Complexity Theory Column 102

Warmest thanks to Emanuele Viola for his fascinating article, \Non-abelian Combinatorics and Communication Complexity." And since this issue will be coming out right around the start of the academic year|a natural time for people to be wondering, \What might I think about and look into this year?"|it is particularly great that Manu has generously included in his article many open problems.
Clinical significance of AR-V567Es in prostate cancer-response

We thank Drs. Plymate and Uo for their assessment of the article by Bernemann and colleagues ([1][1]) and for sharing their concerns about the validity of the AR-v567es assay used in our study ([2][2]). The intent of Bernemann and colleagues was to compare six published assays for the detection of
Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC), A Better Approach to Bridge Construction?

Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) is a common term given to the combination of different procedures that help reduce the construction period of a project. Utilizing these different procedures on bridge replacement/rehabilitation projects presents several benefits, including reduced traffic congestion and improved on-site safety. The purpose of this paper is to recognize the difference between Accelerated Bridge Construction and Conventional Bridge Construction, and the process of deciding which approach is more suitable for a particular project. Specifically, this paper explores the desirable condition in which utilizing ABC would be most beneficial for the owner, builder, community, and environment. The methodology used in this paper is the content analysis method, which includes a large amount of textual information. The analytical constructs may be obtained from existing practices, experience, knowledge of experts, and previous research studies. Throughout this research, data and information was collected from different scientific articles, research papers, books, and journals. The results conclude that when a project is located in a critical area, and time is a vital factor, the ABC approach can be much more beneficial compared to the conventional approach. However, this method cannot be applicable unless owners have financial capability, skilled and competent workers, and the required specialized equipment for the job. Thus, utilizing prefabrication elements is greatly advantageous, but only when owners have the sufficient recourses.
A Novel Model of Balloon Angioplasty Injury in Rat Arteriovenous Fistula.

Background There are very few animal models of balloon angioplasty injury in arteriovenous fistula (AVF), hindering insight into the pathophysiologic processes following angioplasty in AVF. The objective of the study was to develop and characterize a rat model of AVF angioplasty injury. Methods Balloon angioplasty in 12- to 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats was performed at the arteriovenous anastomosis 14 days post-AVF creation with a 2F Fogarty balloon catheter. Morphometry and protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), CD68 (macrophage marker), and collagen expression in AVFs with and without angioplasty were assessed. Results In AVFs with angioplasty versus without angioplasty: (1) angioplasty increased AVF-vein and artery intimal hyperplasia, (2) angioplasty decreased eNOS protein expression in AVF-vein and artery at 21 days post-AVF creation and remained decreased in the AVF-vein angioplasty group at 35 days, (3) angioplasty increased AVF-vein and artery α-SMA expression within the intimal region at 35 days, (4) angioplasty increased the expression of AVF-vein MCP-1 at 21 days and CD68 at 21 and 35 days, and (5) angioplasty increased AVF-vein and artery collagen expression at 35 days. Conclusion Our findings describe a reproducible rat model to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms that ensue following AVF angioplasty.
Lysine Deprivation during Maternal Consumption of Low-Protein Diets Could Adversely Affect Early Embryo Development and Health in Adulthood

The conversion of lysine to glutamate is needed for signaling in all plants and animals. In mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells, and probably their progenitors, endogenous glutamate production and signaling help maintain cellular pluripotency and proliferation, although the source of glutamate is yet to be determined. If the source of glutamate is lysine, then lysine deprivation caused by maternal low-protein diets could alter early embryo development and, consequently, the health of the offspring in adulthood. For these reasons, we measured three pertinent variables in human embryonic stem (hES) cells as a model for the inner cell masses of human blastocysts. We found that RNA encoding the alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase enzyme, which regulates glutamate production from lysine, was highly expressed in hES cells. Moreover, the mean amount of lysine consumed by hES cells was 50% greater than the mean amount of glutamate they produced, indicating that lysine is likely converted to glutamate in these cells. Finally, hES cells expressed RNA encoding at least two glutamate receptors. Since this may also be the case for hES progenitor cells in blastocysts, further studies are warranted to verify the presence of this signaling process in hES cells and to determine whether lysine deprivation alters early mammalian embryo development.
Trends and Risk Markers for Severe Maternal Morbidity and Other Obstetric Complications

Background: Studies of obstetric quality of care have almost exclusively focused on severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and have rarely examined more common complications. Methods: This 2016–2018 retro...
HSV-1 DNA Replication—Coordinated Regulation by Viral and Cellular Factors

DNA replication is an integral step in the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) life cycle that is coordinated with the cellular DNA damage response, repair and recombination of the viral genome, and viral gene transcription. HSV-1 encodes its own DNA replication machinery, including an origin binding protein (UL9), single-stranded DNA binding protein (ICP8), DNA polymerase (UL30), processivity factor (UL42), and a helicase/primase complex (UL5/UL8/UL52). In addition, HSV-1 utilizes a combination of accessory viral and cellular factors to coordinate viral DNA replication with other viral and cellular processes. The purpose of this review is to outline the roles of viral and cellular proteins in HSV-1 DNA replication and replication-coupled processes, and to highlight how HSV-1 may modify and adapt cellular proteins to facilitate productive infection.
Rats receiving systemic 3-nitropropionic acid demonstrate impairment of memory in Morris water maze

A recent hypothesis for the etiology of Huntingtons disease (HD) postulates that impaired mitochondrial energy production and/or the presence of reactive free radical species may lead to slow excitotoxic neuronal death. Consistent with this hypothesis, systemic administration of the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) in rats produces selective striatal neuropathology mimicking that seen in HD. Such injections of 3-NP additionally produce motor changes thought to model HD, but possible cognitive changes have not been well described. The present study explores this issue. Sixteen rats underwent acquisition training and subsequent memory assessment in a Morris water maze apparatus. Training over 5 consecutive days consisted of trials during which each rat could escape swimming by finding a permanently located submerged platform. Following training, the rats were divided into two groups and received daily intraperitoneal injections of either 3-NP (15 mg/kg) or saline vehicle for 7 days. On Day 8, a retention trial was conducted, in which the platform was removed and the rats were allowed to swim for 2 min. Swimming patterns were tracked and recorded. The rats receiving 3-NP had impaired memory of the platform location, as represented by decreased time swimming over the platform area, fewer entries into the area, and longer latency to entering the area. These results suggest that the 3-NP rat model produces cognitive dysfunctions that parallel HD dementia.
Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (pcMZL) is an indolent B-cell lymphoma that commonly presents with red to violaceous plaques, nodules, or tumors. It has an excellent prognosis. This entity has also been known as cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (CMZL), extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MZL or MALT lymphoma), primary cutaneous immunocytoma, primary cutaneous plasmacytoma, and lymphoma cutis [1, 2]. This chapter will discuss the clinical presentation, prognosis, treatment, histopathology, immunophenotype, and differential diagnosis of pcMZL. It closes with a clinical case, including clinical images and histopathology.
Cell-Based Methods for Sampling in High-Dimensional Spaces

We regard the compounds in a combinatorial library of potential drugs as points in a Euclidean space of many dimensions, where the coordinates of a point represent properties used to characterize the compound it represents. By decomposing the space into certain advantageously selected Voronoi cells (not by the standard decomposition into hypercubes), and by choosing within each cell (e.g., for closer scrutiny, synthesis, etc.) a point near its center, one obtains conveniently small subsets that are highly representative of the larger library.
Restaurant Rating: Industrial Standard and Word-of-Mouth -- A Text Mining and Multi-dimensional Sentiment Analysis

AAA Restaurant Diamond Rating Guidelines (which is regarded as industry standards) rate a restaurant in three aspects: food, service, and decor/ambience. Drawing upon extant literature, we argue that special contexts and pricing are two other major aspects in restaurant rating in addition to aforementioned three aspects. We tested our hypotheses based on our text mining and sentiment analysis of 268, 442 customer reviews of 7,508 restaurants on Yelp.com, A form of digital word-of-mouth. Results from fitting a multilevel model showed that the sentiments about each of these five aspects alone explained about 28% of the explainable between-restaurant variances, and 12% of the explainable within-restaurant variances of the restaurants' star ratings. With other level and control variables, the multilevel model can explain more than 53% between-restaurant variances and 28% within-restaurant variances.
Creating Transient Crystal Structures with Light

Under appropriate circumstances, light can be used to guide structural transitions in solids. New ultrafast x-ray probes now promise direct information about the dynamics of such transitions. In his Perspective, Siders highlights the report of Collet et al. , who have used such time-resolved x-ray diffraction to demonstrate optical control of a phase transition in a molecular crystal. The work shows that light may be used in a similar way as doping, temperature, and pressure to control materials properties.
On the Effect of Instance Representation on Generalization

This paper explains why changing the instance representation changes the ability of a class of learning algorithms to generalize from examples. The explanation is based on the correspondence between data compression and generalization. The randomness of a function with respect to a class of hypotheses is introduced as a measure of the interaction between a learning algorithm and an instance representation. Different methods of reducing randomness result in different types of representation change. Two types of representation change are identified and illustrated with examples.