cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Brittle to Ductile Transition (BDT) in Adhered Thin Films

It has been long recognized that the BDT in bulk materials may be associated with enhanced plastic energy dissipation. This can be achieved by either changing the state of stress (plane strain to plane stress) or by raising the test temperature (lowering the yield stress). The situation is somewhat different in thin films where the BDT can be achieved by increasing film thickness or perhaps, even in a limited temperature range, by raising the test temperature. To study the latter we use a superlayer technique with a 1 μm tungsten film on top of thin copper films bonded to SiO 2 /Si wafers. This involves indenting into the superlayer which stores and then releases large amounts of elastic energy into the thin film/substrate interface. Here, preliminary data on 500 nm thick Cu demonstrates more than an order of magnitude increase in fracture energy from about 10 to 200 J/m 2 as the test temperature is raised from 20°C to 130°C. As the amount of plastic energy absorption would appear to be limited by film thickness, this relatively large value was unanticipated. This interfacial fracture energy translates to a stress intensity of 5 MPa-m 1/2 . In context of the highest possible nanocrystalline Cu yield strength, this still represents a plastic zone of nearly 30 μm. This illustrates the quandary associated with explaining such high apparent toughness values as one generally expects plasticity to be truncated by film thickness. Is this associated with: –some artifact of assessing local stresses during nanoindentation at elevated temperature: –extending the plastic zone in the direction of crack growth much further than the film thickness; –a shielding mechanism from an organized dislocation array in a ductile film sandwiched between a brittle substrate and a higher yield strength superlayer; –some plastic energy dissipation in the superlayer; –or by enhanced mode II at higher temperatures? A few of these will be addressed in some detail with a goal of narrowing the field of the most promising candidates.
Efficient moving horizon estimation and nonlinear model predictive control

State estimation from plant measurements should play an essential role in any advanced process control technology. Unlike the model predictive control (MPC) regulator, however, this area has received little attention. In this paper, we address the computational issues surrounding constrained moving horizon estimation (MHE) by presenting an algorithm for the efficient computation of moving horizon estimates. In our discussion, we present structured solvers for use with MHE, derive formulas for a nonlinear covariance smoothing update, and describe interactions between MHE and nonlinear target calculations. We conclude with relevant examples of MHE operating in a closed loop to remove non-zero mean disturbances, poor initial estimates, and random noise.
CONGENITAL PSEUDARTHROSIS OF THE TIBIA AND NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

On the basis of 21 cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, which were radiologically typed and later personally examined, it was found that all cases of the dysplastic type also showed evidence of neurofibromatosis. No evidence of neurofibromatosis was found among the cystic and the clubfoot type of pseudarthroses.
Philosophy and Myth: A Review of Recent Scholarship

The title of this special issue, “Philosophy and the Longing for Myth,” presents one of the growing topics in classical scholarship—the relationship between philosophy and myth—in a new light. It r...
The PRF and Peer Ratings

The study represents a followup to an ealier one of the relation ship between measures of personality characteristics and peer rat ings. Applicants for positions as college dormitory resident assistants participated in small group workshops followed by peer ratings of group members on five criteria regarding their potential as a resi dent assistant. The peer ratings were correlated with the scores of the applicants on each of 14 traits of the Personality Research Form (PRF). The correlations were low in comparison with those in an earlier study in which peer ratings were correlated with the Edwards Personality Inventory. The difference between the studies is dis cussed in terms of specificity of the traits measured. In such a speci ficity interpretation it was hypothesized that when the trait is di rectly relatable to the behaviors needed to perform a specific job, the correlations would be stronger between the trait and the behavior than when the trait is multifaceted and thus harder to relate directly t...
Interdisciplinary Work and a Search for Shared Scientific Standards

I wish to address four related themes that run throughout our discussions. In doing so, I find much about which I agree with the other panelists although I might modify certain propositions in ways that may alter these propositions so significantly as to be critical.
Shape Optimization of a Compliant Mechanism for an Actively Conformable Rotor Airfoil

In the present study, the optimal shape of a limited amount of passive material in a compliant mechanism of predetermined topology was determined. The simple compliant mechanism with a small number of actuators can be packaged in the long, narrow space of the rotor airfoil cross-section. The compliant mechanism is designed for maximum rotation angle under actuation loads, and minimum deflection under aerodynamic loads. Rotation angle (RA) and Strain Energy (SE), are used as measures of the deflections created by the actuation and aerodynamic loads, respectively. The design objectives are achieved by maximizing a multi-criteria objective function that represents a ratio of the RA to SE. Shape optimization of the compliant mechanism is conducted and the results indicate that the optimal compliant mechanism consists of a passive substructure with uniform cross section. The optimal geometry of the compliant mechanism is also determined in a parametric study (optimal ratio of the length to height of 0.3), and this structure can produce rotation angle of 13 Deg/m. when the actuators provide 1% actuation strain. The deflection due to aerodynamic loads is extremely small. The performance of the mechanism is examined further with variations in material and actuator properties. Additional results include an analysis of a compliant mechanism structure based on a modified topology, which is introduced to reduce numbers of actuators.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Social Media in Public Administration’s Future A Response to Farazmand

Professor Ali Farazmand envisioned a future of public administration affected by technology transformation, among other factors. In that article, however, the professor did not expound on this assertion, leaving room for this contribution. Here, Farazmand’s framework of legal and constitutional, organizational and managerial, political, and intergovernmental and global factors is considered to explore the role of social media in public administration’s future.
Brand-Supermarket Demand for Breakfast Cereals and Retail Competition

The Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (1995) market equilibrium model is extended to the supermarket chain level to examine consumer choices and retail competition for thirty-seven brands of breakfast cereals in Boston. Estimated taste parameters for product characteristics vary significantly across consumers. Although consumers are price-sensitive with respect to their chosen cereals, they exhibit strong brand and supermarket loyalty. Retail markups increase and marginal costs decrease with grocery market shares, attesting to oligopoly power with efficiencies. Markups decrease with the own-price elasticity of demand, with Corn Flakes having the highest markups. A detailed picture of consumer response and supermarket competition is provided.
Borders, Conflict, and Trade

Research on the relationship between territorial disputes, militarized conflict, and economic integration occurs at the intersection of two large research programs in international relations: one linking territorial disputes to violence, and another exploring the effects of conflict on trade and vice versa. Although we know that territorial disputes fuel conflict and that conflict dampens trade, we know less about whether the prospects of economic gains contribute to the settlement of disputes and subsequent compliance with those settlements. I argue that research in this area could profitably adopt an emerging view of borders as institutions that not only distribute territory but also allow cooperation and the production of joint gains. This review identifies gaps in the existing literature on the resolution of territorial disputes and helps to reframe a persistent methodological challenge in this area: missing and noisy data on trade flows.
Chemie und logische Strukturen

Die Nutzlichkeit der Grundstrukturen der modernen Mathematik fur das Verstandnis der Chemie – und zwar fast aller ihrer statischen und dynamischen Aspekte – wird diskutiert. Der in der Chemie gebrauchliche Analogieschlus, die systematische Klassifizierung von Molekulen und eine entsprechende Nomenklatur sind Anwendungsbeispiele der Elemente der modernen Mathematik, ebenso wie die Behandlung konformationeller Umwandlungen, polytoper Isomerisierungsprozesse sowie auch der wechselseitigen Beziehungen zwischen den Ausgangsstoffen, den Ubergangskomplexen und den Endprodukten bei chemischen Umsetzungen.
From the general to the specific: How social trust motivates relational trust.

When people form beliefs about the trustworthiness of others with respect to particular matters (i.e., when individuals trust), theory suggests that they rely on preexistent cognitive schemas regarding the general cooperativeness of individuals and organizations (i.e., social trust). In spite of prior work, the impact of social trust on relational trust-or what Russell Hardin (2002) calls trust as a three-part relation where actor A trusts actor B with reference to matter Y-is not well established. Four vignette experiments were administered to Amazon.com Mechanical Turk workers (N = 1388 and N = 1419) and to public university undergraduate students (N = 995 and N = 956) in order to investigate the relationship between social trust and relational trust. Measures of general social trust and particular social trust produced statistically equivalent effects that were positively associated with relational trust. Political trust, however, was statistically unrelated to relational trust. These results support the idea that people rely on schemas and stereotypes concerned with the general cooperativeness and helpfulness of others when forming beliefs about another person's trustworthiness with respect to a particular matter at hand.
Genetic Deficiency of Glutathione S -Transferase P Increases Myocardial Sensitivity to Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

Rationale: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) results in the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation-derived unsaturated aldehydes. However, the contribution of aldehydes to myocardial I/R injury has not been assessed. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that removal of aldehydes by glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) diminishes I/R injury. Methods and Results: In adult male C57BL/6 mouse hearts, Gstp1/2 was the most abundant GST transcript followed by Gsta4 and Gstm4.1 , and GSTP activity was a significant fraction of the total GST activity. mGstp1/2 deletion reduced total GST activity, but no compensatory increase in GSTA and GSTM or major antioxidant enzymes was observed. Genetic deficiency of GSTP did not alter cardiac function, but in comparison with hearts from wild-type (WT) mice, the hearts isolated from GSTP-null mice were more sensitive to I/R injury. Disruption of the GSTP gene also increased infarct size after coronary occlusion in situ. Ischemia significantly increased acrolein in hearts, and GSTP deficiency induced significant deficits in the metabolism of the unsaturated aldehyde, acrolein, but not in the metabolism 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) or trans-2-hexanal; and, upon ischemia, the GSTP-null hearts accumulated more acrolein-modified proteins than WT hearts. GSTP-deficiency did not affect I/R-induced free radical generation, JNK activation or depletion of reduced glutathione. Acrolein-exposure induced a hyperpolarizing shift in I Na , and acrolein-induced cell death was delayed by SN-6, a Na + /Ca ++ exchange inhibitor. Cardiomyocytes isolated from GSTP-null hearts were more sensitive than WT myocytes to acrolein-induced protein crosslinking and cell death. Conclusions: GSTP protects the heart from I/R injury by facilitating the detoxification of cytotoxic aldehydes such as acrolein.
Interfacial Donor–Acceptor Nanofibril Composites for Selective Alkane Vapor Detection

The detection of alkane vapors has strong implications for safety, health, and the environment. Alkanes are notoriously difficult to detect because of their chemical inertness at room temperature. Herein, we introduce a tunable photoinduced charge transfer strategy to selectively detect alkane vapors under ambient condition. A unique donor–acceptor nanofibril composite comprising a compatible interface was fabricated, which is preferential for alkane adsorption. Then the enhanced adsorption disrupts the charge transfer across the interface and decreases the photocurrent, enabling the design of alkane gas sensor. We demonstrate a critical relationship between the tunable donor–acceptor interface and alkane response. The composite sensor is able to provide specific distinction between different alkanes based on their kinetics of the response profiles, and outstanding general selectivity against the common polar solvents. The work described herein may provide a basis for a new type of sensing material for de...
Chief Justice Roberts and Consensus on the U.S. Supreme Court: A Cross-Time Comparison of Four Chief Justice Courts, 1953-2008

The issues of consensus and dissensus continue to fascinate scholars of the Supreme Court. From a political perspective, these issues gained a new sense of traction during Chief Justice Roberts' confirmation hearings, at which he specified that one of his goals as the new chief justice would be to increase clarity in Supreme Court decisions, in part by increasing rates of consensus. Although early in the current Chief Justice's tenure, we examine whether Chief Justice Roberts has succeeded in increasing consensual behavior in the early years of the Roberts Court as compared to its contemporary predecessors. Our findings show that Chief Justice Roberts has succeeded in bringing about more consensus in some aspects of the Court‟s opinions, but not in others. Much remains to be seen as the Roberts Court continues over time.
Book Review: Media Ethics at Work: True Stories from Young Professionals, edited by Lee Anne Peck and Guy S. Reel

Media Ethics at Work: True Stories from Young Professionals. Lee Anne Peck and Guy S. Reel, eds. Los Angeles, CA: CQ Press, 201 3. 344 pp. $52 pbk.One of the time-tested methods of teaching ethics is through the use of case study. In their book Media Ethics at Work: True Stories from Young Professionals, editors Lee Anne Peck and Guy S. Reel do not deviate from this approach. Instead, they refine it.Along with their twenty-two contributors, the two have created a lengthy body of case studies not from seasoned professionals working for major metropolitan newspapers or big-city television stations. Instead, they have created cases using information from students working for their student media outlets and professionals within a few years of graduation. As such, the authors contend, their cases are more like to resonate with students in college-level ethics classes.As the cases selected cover all the major topics in a typical ethics course, from plagiarism to knowing when a source is off-the-record to digital manipulation of photographs, the book is an excellent text for an ethics course or supplement to a reporting course or for training in a student media environment.The book gets off to a seemingly slow start, reviewing the philosophical theories of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Ross, and Rawl among others. Anticipating a quick jump into the cases, this may seem like an unnecessary delay. However, it proves to be a foundation for the book. Just as the plot of a successful novel recurs throughout the book, the references to the individuals who developed ethical theories recur through this book and becomes part of what makes this book useful and unique.Through twenty-three cases, the authors acknowledge such fundamental ideas as the following: "Few ethical dilemmas are clear cut." "Standards might include transparency, accuracy and fairness." "Making ethical choices is a skill that gets better with experience." "Even if you can legally publish such information, that doesn't make it ethical to do so." Acknowledging the tenets of various professional codes of ethics, they add such concepts as "[I]t's clearly important to demonstrate care in your professional work, thus avoiding unnecessary harm."The authors also give suggestions on where young professionals can turn in times of crisis, including professional organizations, mentors in the workplace, co-workers and former professors. "Both scholarly approaches and professional standards can help a practitioner reach a decision," say the authors in their discussion about a young public relations professional asked to impersonate a twelve-year-old online. Consistent references to the codes of ethics of major and minor media associations will prove a consistent resource to students. …
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMOR IN CHILDREN: ROLES OF INCONGRUITY, RESOLUTION AND OPERATIONAL THINKING'

Le modele de Shultz supposant la succession de deux stades dans le developpement de l'humour chez l'enfant (axes sur l'incongruite ou sur sa resolution) est mis a l'epreuve aupres de 87 enfants des trois premieres annees du cycle primaire. La comprehension d'un materiel humoristique ainsi que son appreciation sont examinees dans leurs liens avec l'âge et avec les capacites cognitives de conservation
Model-Building and Organizations

Along with rapidly growing knowledge in the area of organizational behavior, there is a growing interest in formulating organization theories in more precise and predictive models than verbal theor...
Adipose resting membrane potential: in vitro responses to C1 - and K+.

SummaryIn vitro rat adipose tissue resting membrane potentials (RP) appear to be determined by Cl- with K+ also playing a role. There are important similarities between adipose and hepatic tissue RP, and in vitro preparations of both appear to be “electrically” viable.This study was assisted by U.S. Public Health Service Grant AM-06510-08, the General Research Fund of the University of Southern California School of Medicine, and the Professional Staff Association of the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center.
Dose Dependence of Radiation Induced Segregation in Proton Irradiated Austen1tic Alloys

The dose dependence of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) is investigated for proton irradiated ultra high-purity (UHP) 304L stainless steel and Fe-20Cr-24Ni. Grain boundary compositions were measured in samples irradiated with 3.2 MeV protons at 400°C to doses ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 dpa. RIS measurements were made using scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (STEM/EDS) and compared to results from Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Comparison of the dose dependence for HP-304L and Fe- 20Cr-24Ni shows that RIS is alloy specific. The approach to steady-state Cr depletion was observed to be more rapid in the alloy with higher Ni content. Fe-2OCr-24Ni reaches a steady-state Cr depletion level by 0.5 dpa, and the amount of Cr depletion in HP-304L SS is still increasing between 1.0 and 3.0 dpa. RIS in the stainless steel alloys irradiated with 3.2 MeV protons is comparable to that in neutron irradiated steels of similar composition.
A Microwave Direction of Arrival Estimation Technique Using a Single Antenna

A direction of arrival (DoA) estimation technique for broadband microwave signals is proposed using a single ultrawideband antenna. It is inspired by the sound source localization ability of a human auditory system using just one ear (monaural localization). By exploiting the incident angle-dependent frequency response of a wideband antenna, the DoA of a broadband microwave signal can be estimated. The DoA estimation accuracies are evaluated for two antenna configurations and microwave signals with different signal-to-noise ratios. Encouraging the DoA estimation performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated in both simulation and experiment.
Amelioration and stress analysis of 910D model gear reducer case in the pumping unit

Stress concentration results in crack in a gear reducer case,the 910D model used in the pumping unit whose bearing bases of output axis are designed as uniform protruding platform in the downside case.In the paper,the finite element calculation is performed for the underside case.The stress and displacement distributing are gained.Based on the principle of load distributary,the structure of underside case is redesigned by adding support planks traditionally.So the dangerous stress is decreased greatly,rigidity are strengthened,and the safety coefficients are in accordance with the design.The new structure can simplify the foundry technique and improve efficiency.It is of significance to design and rebuild large-scale reducer case.
NIMG-57QUANTITATION OF 18F-DOPA UPTAKE ON PET PREDICTS TUMOR GRADE WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY IN NEWLY-DIAGNOSED GLIOMA: UCLA EXPERIENCE.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine whether quantifying the amount of 18F-DOPA uptake in newly-diagnosed gliomas predicted tumor grade and was more accurate than qualitative reporting. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed at UCLA Medical Center to identify patients with pathology-proven glioma who underwent 18F-DOPA PET scanning ≤6 weeks prior to biopsy/resection. Tumor grade was obtained by standard pathology assays. 18F-DOPA uptake was quantified by determining maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) based on the injected radiotracer dose per patient's body weight in the region corresponding to the MRI-based lesion (tumor SUVmax). Tumor-to-normal-brain tissue (T/N) ratio was defined as dividing the tumor SUVmax by the SUVmax of the contralateral normal tissue at the level of the centrum semiovale, and tumor-to-basal ganglia (T/BG) ratio was also determined. Patient demographics, tumor grade, and imaging metrics were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: 982 18F-DOPA PET scans from January 2003 through February 2015 in 523 individual patients were reviewed, and scans in 23 patients (n = 9 female, n = 14 male with age 46.3 ± 16.4 years; n = 9 grade II, n = 7 grade III, n = 7 grade IV) were eligible for study. T/N ratio was 1.5 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.4, and 3.0 ± 1.0 for grade II, III, and IV gliomas, respectively. Grade IV T/N ratio was significantly greater than that in grade II (p = 0.008) and grade III (p = 0.02) gliomas. Applying T/N ratio cut-offs of 1-1.69/1.7-2.39/ ≥ 2.4 for grade II/III/IV gliomas, the respective sensitivity/specificity were 88.9%/100%, 85.7%/87.5%, and 71.4%/93.8%. This is in contrast to the diagnostic accuracy (based on the qualitative report in the chart) of 66.7%, 85.7%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the utility of quantitative T/N ratio cut-offs in predicting glioma grade. Additionally, a population of grade II/III gliomas that was not diagnosed based on the qualitative report was identified. Future work will correlate 18F-DOPA uptake with survival and tumor molecular profile.
VENOGRAPHY OF THE EXTREMITIES AND PELVIS

The ability of MR imaging to depict flow coupled with the inherent soft tissue contrast available on MR images has propelled this modality into the forefront of diagnostic imaging. The precise clinical utility of MR angiography is still in evolution; therefore, this article focuses on practical approaches to assessing the venous system of the extremities and pelvis.
Examination of factors contributing to the risk of cesarean delivery in women with gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether increased neonatal fat is associated with an elevated risk of cesarean delivery in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODS Of 166 infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes, 110 were born vaginally (91 spontaneous, 19 instrumental) and 56 by cesarean. Data were collected on maternal demographics, maternal anthropometrics, delivery variables, and neonatal anthropometrics. We compared all characteristics between women who delivered vaginally and the 29 delivered by cesarean in labor. RESULTS The difference in birth weight between infants delivered by cesarean and vaginally was not statistically significant (3520 +/- 456 and 3374 +/- 559 g, respectively [mean +/- standard deviation]). There were significant differences between the cesarean and vaginal delivery groups in the rate of nulliparity (80 versus 48%, respectively), maternal pregravid body mass index (28.6 +/- 7.7 versus 25.2 +/- 5.8 kg/m2), fetal position at delivery (23.8 versus 96.2% occiput anterior), and all estimates of neonatal body fat (ponderal index: 2.77 +/- 0.20 versus 2.67 +/- 0.26 kg/m3; sum of two-site skinfold measurements: 11.7 +/- 2.8 versus 10.5 +/- 1.8 mm; and percent body fat: 15.1 +/- 4.9 versus 13.0 +/- 3.3). Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that fetal position, maternal nulliparity, and fetal fat contributed independently to the cesarean risk. CONCLUSION Increased newborn fat is associated independently with an increased risk for cesarean in labor.
Energy Efficiency in HPC Systems

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background and Related Work Proactive, Component-Based Power Management Quantifying Energy Saving Possibilities Evaluation of the Proposed Strategies Results Concluding Remarks Summary References ]]>
Genomic Analysis of High Hyperdiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Hyperdiploid Multiple Myeloma Suggests Differential Gene Dosage Effect on Expression and Provide Clues to Preferential Selection of Recurrently Trisomic Chromosomes.

Hyperdiploid (>48 chromosomes) multiple myeloma (H-MM) and high hyperdiploid (>50 chromosomes) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (H-ALL) are characterized by aneuploidy and multiple recurrent trisomies (chromosome 3,5,7,9,11,15,19 for H-MM and chromosomes X,4,6,10,14,17,18,21 for H-ALL). Little is known about the oncogenic events, consequences of the trisomies and reasons for the different recurrent trisomies. In an attempt to answer these questions, we undertook a combined gene expression and network/pathway analysis approach. Gene expression data was generated using the Affymetrix U133A chip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, Ca) for 53 H-MM and 37 non-hyperdiploid MM (NH-MM) cases using CD138-enriched plasma-cell RNA. Gene expression data using the same chip for ALL was obtained from previous published data (Ross ME et al Blood2004; 104: 3679–3687). Analysis was performed using Genespring 7 (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). By comparing the median expression of all genes on each chromosome between H-MM/H-ALL and their non-hyperdiploid counterparts (NH-MM and NH-ALL) for the 23 chromosomes (excluding Y), one can clearly identify the commonly trisomic chromosomes in H-ALL and H-MM. However, the relationship of gene expression was highly variable for H-MM and NH-MM as compared to H-ALL and NH-ALL which tended to have expression ratios close to 1 for the non-trisomic chromosomes. Sixty-nine percent of the differentially expressed genes generated by ANOVA analysis (p TNFSF10, MX1, ZNF185 ) and transcription factors like RUNX1 were upregulated, whereas 13 genes including a cancer testis antigen gene ( MAGED4 ) were downregulated in both H-MM and H-ALL. These genes may point to common oncogenic mechanisms.
From wrong to right

The Yang–Mills theory is central to particle physics, but why did something that was once thought to be so wrong prove to be so right? Robert P Crease investigates.
Negotiation-Based Gaming for Statistical QoS Guarantee over Information-Centric Wireless Networks

Information-centric network technique is developed to reduce duplicate transmissions for popular data contents by adopting caching strategy and enabling mobile users to access popular data contents from cache stations of nearby network gateways. In current information-centric wireless networks, one popular data content can be stored in multiple cache stations and requested by multiple mobile users. One of the main challenges of this multiple-cache-and-multiple- user wireless network lies in how the mobile user obtains a data content from one of these multiple cache stations with the minimum cost while guaranteeing the data transmission quality-of-service (QoS), and which mobile-user should a cache station choose to provide the data content. To overcome these problems, we formulate a many-to-many negotiation game, where each player (a cache station or a mobile user) bargains with all of its negotiation partners (all mobile users and all cache stations, respectively) in terms of desirable prices, aiming at maximizing its individual payoff. In our proposed negotiation game scheme, the payoff for a mobile user is the obtained QoS gain minus corresponding costs, and the payoff for a cache station is the obtained payment from its negotiation partner mobile user minus the cost for providing services. We propose an adaptive concession strategy, such that players can adjust the concession speed and concession amount of their desirable prices according to their current bargain situations in each game round. Then, we mathematically prove that our proposed adaptive concession strategy maximizes players' payoffs and the probability to achieve a negotiation agreement. Finally, we validate and evaluate the performances of our proposed negotiation game scheme and adaptive concession strategy through the numerical analyses.
A New Perspective on FRAND Royalties: Unwired Planet v. Huawei

In Unwired Planet v. Huawei, Mister Justice Colin Birss of the UK High Court of Justice (Patents) has issued a detailed and illuminating opinion regarding the assessment of royalties on standards-essential patents (SEPs) that are subject to FRAND (fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory) licensing commitments. Among the important and potentially controversial rulings in the case are: (1) there is but a single FRAND royalty rate applicable to any given set of SEPs and circumstances, (2) neither a breach of contract nor a competition claim for abuse of dominance will succeed unless a SEP holder’s offer is significantly above the true FRAND rate, (3) FRAND licenses for global market players are necessarily global licenses and should not be limited to a single jurisdiction, and (4) the “non-discrimination” (ND) prong of the FRAND commitment does not imply a “hard-edged” test in which a licensee may challenge the FRAND license that it has been granted on the basis that another similarly situated licensee has been granted a lower rate, so long as the difference does not distort competition between the two licensees.
Current-Algebra Calculation of Hard-Pion Processes: A 1 → ρ + π and ρ → π + π

New techniques are developed for treating the $n$-point functions of currents, which are interrelated by means of Ward identities obtained from the equal-time current commutation relations. The $n$-point functions are sorted out so as to define proper vertices which describe the reactions of particles of definite spin. A meson-dominance assumption is made by approximating the proper vertices by simple polynomials in momenta, with the coefficients determined by the Ward identities. The method is discussed in detail for $n=3$ and the currents of chiral $\mathrm{SU}(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}(2)$, and then applied to the decay processes ${A}_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}+\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+\ensuremath{\pi}$.
Internet-of-Medical-Things

We have arrived at the dawn of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) era. 25 billion devices (things or physical objects) are already connected to the Internet, and this number is expected to grow to 50 billion by 2020. IoT is a network of physical objects. These objects contain sensors, actuators, and processing elements that enable us to gather data, monitor the health of the object, make intelligent decisions, and optimize processes. IoT is expected to have a potential economic impact of $3-6 trillion per year by 2025, with $1-2.5 trillion of this economic impact (its largest fraction) coming from smart healthcare applications. These applications will be enabled by a personal healthcare system consisting of implantable and wearable medical sensors and devices connected to a personal health hub (e.g., a smartphone or smartwatch) that is connected to the Internet. In this talk, we will explore this Internet-of-Medical-Things from two angles: energy-efficient inference and security. We will first explore energy-efficient inference on sensor nodes. This exploits sparsity, which is characteristic of a signal that allows us to represent information efficiently. We will look at an approach that enables efficient representations based on sparsity to be utilized throughout a signal processing system, with the aim of reducing the energy and/or resources required for computation, communication, and storage. Such intelligent sensor nodes can be expected to be an important building block of IoT. We will then show how wearable medical sensors, which are being increasingly used as part of a body-area network to provide proactive healthcare, can be used in a completely different domain: continuous authentication, through monitoring of the biological aura of the person. Unfortunately, as with any other technology, along with the upside, we also have the downside of IoT -- if the security challenges facing IoT are not addressed, it may just become an Internet-of-Things-to-be-Hacked. Hence, in the last part of the talk, we will focus on the security of a body-area network that consists of implantable/wearable medical devices and a health hub. We will also explore physiological side channels that leak information about our health condition.
Psychoanalysis in a changing Cuba: A note from the field

In 2015 and 2016, the author and four other psychoanalysts from New York City visited Havana and met with the Psychoanalytic Association of Cuba (APDECU), a study group of the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS). These meetings provided an important opportunity to learn about psychoanalysis in Cuba, a little known topic. The author discusses the APDECU’s history and its members’ interest in psychoanalysis, describes the trajectory of psychoanalysis since the Cuban Revolution of 1959, and observes how economic, political, and social change has affected this trajectory. Psychoanalytic private practice, as we know it in capitalist countries, ended with the revolution, and psychoanalytically-oriented clinicians are employed by state-run public health institutions. Cuba’s leaders have introduced unprecedented economic change since 2008, resulting in an increasing marketization and privatization of the economy, which they refer to as “updating” or “reforming” socialism. The author explores the impact that economic reform may have on the future development of psychoanalysis and on the professional identity of psychotherapists.
Development of Multivariate Feedback Control Methods for Surface Tracing

Abstract It is well known that in order to increase performance capabilities of robotic manipulators, one must make use of other sensed information in addition to positions and velocities. In this paper we deal with the problem of surface tracing, where one of the task requirements is to maintain a constant force normal to the surface. We first develop a task dependent Combined Force-Position control architecture. We then use Multivariate Feedback control methods to analyze the system and suggest a pole assignment based design scheme. Our purpose is to ensure stability and performance. This is followed by a physical implementation of the entire scheme, on a two link manipulator fitted with a wrist force/torque sensor and a tracer. Initial tests on tracing a flat surface are quite encouraging
Candida auris for the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: Not Your Grandfather's Candida Species

Abstract Candida auris is a newly emerging species that was first identified in Asia in 2009 but has rapidly spread across the world. C. auris differs from most other Candida species in that antifungal resistance is the norm rather than the exception, it is a commensal of human skin rather than the human gut, and it can be easily transmitted from person to person in a health care setting. This review discusses the emergence of C. auris , global epidemiology, identification, antifungal susceptibility testing, and precautions to be taken when it is identified from a patient specimen.
For Love or Money? Contrasting Social and Commercial Entrepreneurs' Motivation and Meaningfulness

This mixed method study examined the similarities and differences between social and commercial entrepreneurs in the areas of motivation and meaningfulness. While motivation and meaningfulness have...
Identification of more potent imipridones, a new class of anti-cancer agents.

ONC201 is a member of a new class of anti-cancer therapy called imipridones. ONC201 was originally identified from a NCI chemical library in a phenotypic cell-based screen for small molecule induce...
Practice Patterns and Job Satisfaction of Mohs Surgeons.

Background There is a paucity of data on Mohs surgery workforce patterns. Objective To identify if gender differences exist in practice patterns of Mohs surgeons, factors that influence these differences, and factors influencing job satisfaction among Mohs surgeons. Materials and methods An electronic survey was distributed to dermatology organizations targeting members of the American College of Mohs Surgery (ACMS), from October 2015 to April 2016. Results Two hundred twenty-seven ACMS members responded; 37% were women. Twenty-five percent of women and 19% of men work part time. Thirty-seven percent of women practice in academia versus 22% of men. Forty-three percent of women and 23% of men identified children as a factor affecting their ability to work full time. Gender comparisons for current job satisfaction show 57% of men and 35% of women being very satisfied. Supervision/feedback/recognition adds to satisfaction at a higher rate for women (53%) than for men (29%). For both genders combined, work content, patient base, and autonomy had the highest average job satisfaction ratings. Conclusion Gender differences exist in practice patterns and job satisfaction of Mohs surgeons. This study demonstrates factors that could influence job satisfaction among female Mohs surgeons-knowledge that is important to individuals who lead, mentor, or supervise female Mohs surgeons.
Microfinance ecosystem: How connectors, interactors, and institutionalizers co-create value

Abstract Since the mid-1990s, the number of microfinance institutions (MFIs) has grown tremendously, with more than 10,000 worldwide varying in size and approach. Despite this growth, however, the value of MFIs has been hotly debated. Managers and founders of MFIs have also faced the challenge of balancing social and financial objectives and understanding effective ways of evaluating their organization’s effectiveness. In this article, we closely examine the operations of three distinct types of MFIs and offer a framework of how they collectively create value, with each playing a unique role in a symbiotic relationship: Namaste, an interactor; Kiva, a connector; and Accion, an institutionalizer. Interactors build relationships with clients and facilitate the flow of information to connectors and institutionalizers that disseminate this data to capital markets, build confidence, and fuel capital flow into the MF industry. Institutionalizers disseminate innovation and best practices. Thus, it is critical that each MFI recognizes its symbiotic role and evaluates itself accordingly instead of spreading itself across roles.
EGLN Inhibition Reduces Gastrointestinal Radiation Toxicity and Improves Survival in a Murine Model of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) almost always fatal since it is unresectable and chemotherapy is only modestly effective. The efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) for LAPC is limited by the potentially fatal toxicity to nearby intestines. There are no FDA-approved medications that can prevent this radiotoxicity, but we find that FG-4592, a small molecule inhibitor of EGLN proteins, significantly reduces radiation damage to the intestines without radioprotecting tumors. KPC (KrasLSL/+; Trp53FL/+; Ptf1aCre/+) animals received dose-escalated radiation treatments with and without FG-4592 for radioprotection. High-dose RT reduced death from local progression, improved survival, and shifted the patterns of failure to a late metastatic death compared to controls. The addition of FG-4592 to RT further improved survival compared to vehicle controls by eliminating radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Thus, selective protection of the intestinal tract by EGLN inhibition may enable higher, and potentially definitive doses of cytotoxic therapy to be delivered to LAPC.
Optimization of residential battery energy storage system scheduling for cost and emissions reductions

Abstract The introduction of dynamic electricity pricing in residential markets has created the possibility for residential electricity consumers to reduce their electric bills using battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for load shifting and/or peak load reduction. While there are numerous system designs and model formulations for minimizing electric bills under dynamic prices the use of these systems has the potential to cause an increase in emissions from electricity generation. The increase in emissions is linked to the difference in fuel mix of marginal generators throughout the day as well as inefficiencies associated with energy storage. In this work a multi-objective optimization model is designed to balance the competing goals of minimizing electricity costs for the home owner as well as minimizing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the operation of a BESS under dynamic prices. A total of 22 different regions in the US are analyzed. Optimizing only for energy cost resulted in an annual increase of CO2 emissions in all but two regions ranging from 70 to 2200 kg per household. The multi-objective model when using a social cost of carbon of 42 $/ton can be used to economically reduce these additional emissions in most regions by anywhere from 49 to 1450 kg of CO2 per year.
Investigating microearthquake finite source attributes with IRIS Community Wavefield Demonstration Experiment in Oklahoma

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of The Royal Astronomical Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Journal International 215 (2018): 1072–1087, doi:10.1093/gji/ggy203.
Congenital and acquired lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is derived from neuroepithelium. At approximately the fifth week of gestation the primary optic vesicle invaginates to form the optic cup. The inner layer gives rise to the retina, non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, and iris pigment epithelium. The retinal pigment epithelium, the pigmented ciliary epithelium and iris muscles, are derived from the outer layer. The retinal pigment epithelium is the first tissue of the body to become pigmented, at about the fourth week of gestation1.
Statistical analysis of fiber gripping effects on Kolsky bar test

Preliminary data for testing fibers at high strain rates using the Kolsky bar test by Ming Cheng et al. [1] indicated minimal effect of strain rate on the tensile stress-strain behavior of PPTA [poly (p-phenylene terephathalamide)] fibers. In a different study, Lim et al. [2] reported that the tensile strengths of the copolymer aramid fibers are strain rate dependent. Usually with single fiber tests, a large sample size is needed to get statistically significant results. To date with high strain rate tests, technical issues associated with specimen preparation appear to limit the number of samples that can be tested within a reasonable time. In this study, the authors investigate the feasibility of a gripping design to establish a reliable, reproducible, and accurate Kolsky bar test methodology for single fiber tensile testing with high throughput. Preliminary results measured under a quasi-static strain rate with 5 mm and 60 mm gauge lengths showed that the PPTA fibers are gauge length dependent. This size effect must be considered in determining the true strain rate effect on fiber strength in conjunction with the gripping effect.
FUTURE ORBITAL ACTIVE IMAGING MICROWAVE EXPERIMENTS

Several major orbital active microwave experiments are now under study by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. One of these, Seasat, has been approved for launch in 1978. Another, the TDS Soil Moisture System, may be launched during a Shuttle Mission in 1981. The most advanced of these, the Spaceborne Imaging Radar (SIR) system, should be operational on the Shuttle after 1982. These systems activities demonstrate a new emphasis in earth observations which is attempting to capitalize on the unique advantages of active microwave remote sensing. Several studies show that multichannel active microwave image data rival multispectral scanner data for information value in several application areas.
Yield of Learning Opportunities From a Radiology Random Peer Review Program.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to assess the yield and usage of a radiology random peer review program in identifying potentially meaningful discrepancies in radiology reports that could s...
Video screen viewing and first intubation attempt success with standard geometry video laryngoscope use

Abstract Study objectives Direct laryngoscopy (DL) is the traditional approach for emergency intubation but video laryngoscopy (VL) is gaining popularity. Some studies have demonstrated higher first-attempt success with VL, particularly in difficult airways. In real-world settings, physicians choose whether or not to view the video screen when utilizing VL devices for tracheal intubation. Therefore, we sought to determine whether screen viewing is associated with higher intubation first-attempt success in clinical practice. Methods In this retrospective, observational investigation, we studied consecutive adult emergency department intubations at an urban, academic medical center during the calendar year 2013. Cases were identified from the electronic medical record and analyzed using standard video review methodology. We compared first-attempt success rates when standard geometry Macintosh VL was used, stratified by whether the screen was viewed or not. Results Of the 593 cases with videos available for review, 515 (87%) were performed with a standard geometry Macintosh video laryngoscope. First-attempt success was not significantly different when the screen was viewed (195/207; 94% [95%CI 91–97]) compared to when the screen was not viewed (284/301; 94% [95%CI 92–97]). The median first-attempt duration was longer when the screen was viewed compared to when the screen was not viewed (45 versus 33 s; median difference 12 s [95%CI 10–15 s]). Conclusion In this study of orotracheal intubations performed by emergency physicians with Macintosh-style VL, the first-attempt success rate was high. The success rate was similar whether or not the intubating physician chose to view the video screen.