cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A molecular mechanism for pyrimidine and purine nucleotide control of aspartate transcarbamoylase.

Abstract CTP (ATP) binding to the T or R state causes reorientation of several key residues and results in a decrease (increase) in the size of the nucleotide binding site and a related decrease (increase) in the extension of the outer parts of the dimer of the regulatory chains, R1 and R6. As a result, CTP pinches the regulatory dimers together by 0.3 A in the R state; ATP pushes the regulatory dimers apart by 0.3 A in the T state. These changes influence key residues in the R1-C1 interface of the R state and the R1-C1 and R1-C4 interfaces of the T state, such that the separation of catalytic trimers (c3 ... c3) is decreased by 0.5 A by CTP in the R state and increased by 0.4 A by ATP in the T state. (Smaller effects on c3 ... c3 are observed when CTP binds to the sterically crowded T state or when ATP binds to the elongated R state). These changes reorient key residues in the active site (e.g., catalytic chain residue Arg-229, a residue involved in aspartate binding). This pattern for action of CTP and ATP in perturbing the regulatory dimer, and consequently both the structure and flexibility in critical parts of the T state or R state, is called the nucleotide perturbation mechanism.
Automatic Figure Ranking and User Interfacing for Intelligent Figure Search

Background Figures are important experimental results that are typically reported in full-text bioscience articles. Bioscience researchers need to access figures to validate research facts and to formulate or to test novel research hypotheses. On the other hand, the sheer volume of bioscience literature has made it difficult to access figures. Therefore, we are developing an intelligent figure search engine (http://figuresearch.askhermes.org). Existing research in figure search treats each figure equally, but we introduce a novel concept of “figure ranking”: figures appearing in a full-text biomedical article can be ranked by their contribution to the knowledge discovery. Methodology/Findings We empirically validated the hypothesis of figure ranking with over 100 bioscience researchers, and then developed unsupervised natural language processing (NLP) approaches to automatically rank figures. Evaluating on a collection of 202 full-text articles in which authors have ranked the figures based on importance, our best system achieved a weighted error rate of 0.2, which is significantly better than several other baseline systems we explored. We further explored a user interfacing application in which we built novel user interfaces (UIs) incorporating figure ranking, allowing bioscience researchers to efficiently access important figures. Our evaluation results show that 92% of the bioscience researchers prefer as the top two choices the user interfaces in which the most important figures are enlarged. With our automatic figure ranking NLP system, bioscience researchers preferred the UIs in which the most important figures were predicted by our NLP system than the UIs in which the most important figures were randomly assigned. In addition, our results show that there was no statistical difference in bioscience researchers' preference in the UIs generated by automatic figure ranking and UIs by human ranking annotation. Conclusion/Significance The evaluation results conclude that automatic figure ranking and user interfacing as we reported in this study can be fully implemented in online publishing. The novel user interface integrated with the automatic figure ranking system provides a more efficient and robust way to access scientific information in the biomedical domain, which will further enhance our existing figure search engine to better facilitate accessing figures of interest for bioscientists.
Dual action of arachidonic acid on calcium mobilization in avian granulosa cells.

Abstract The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) on calcium mobilization from intracellular compartments in digitonin-permeabilized granulosa cells isolated from the largest preovulatory follicles of laying hens. At low concentrations (ED50 0.2 μM) AA released 35% 45Ca from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas at higher concentrations (ED50 16 μM) it stimulated 45Ca efflux from mitochondria. These effects of AA were mimicked at 10–20 times lower concentration by the calcium ionophore A23187. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) also stimulated 45Ca efflux from the ER, with a markedly lower potency than AA (ED50 6.2 μM), as well as exhibiting a biphasic response. Heparin abolished the effect of IP3 and luteinizing hormone (LH), but it had no influence on AA-promoted 45Ca efflux. Moreover, the actions of IP3 and AA were additive, indicating that AA and IP3 access different Ca pools in the ER by different mechanisms. Several other unsaturated fatty acids also stimulated 45Ca mobilization from both ER and mitochondria but, with the exception of eicosapentaenoic acid, were significantly less effective than AA. It is concluded that free AA, at submicromolar concentrations that might be viewed as physiological, is a potent calcium mobilizing agent and thus may play an important role in signal transduction in avian granulosa cells, akin to that of IP3. At high (> 10 μM) concentrations AA removes Ca2+ from the mitochondria, an action that may be responsible for its reported inhibitory effects on steroidogenesis and other cellular functions.
The Question of Authority: Deracinating Race,Repositioning Religion, and Regenerating Gender in the History of African American Islam

A review essay devoted to Islam and the Blackamerican: Looking Toward the Third Resurrection by Sherman A. Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2005. 256 pages. Hb. $29.95/£22.50, ISBN-13: 9780195180817.
On the equilibrium between monomeric α-lactalbumin and the chaperoning complex of α-crystallin

Abstract In chaperoning dithiothreitol-denatured α-lactabumin, α-crystallin forms a chaperoning complex. In order to study the kinetics of such chaperoning it needs to be established whether the formation of the chaperoning complex is a reversible or irreversible process. The chaperoning reaction was studied by dynamic light scattering as a function of concentration and weight ratio of α-lactalbumin/α-crystallin. HPLC and subsequent SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis experiments established that the chaperoning complex formed contains both α-crystallin and α-lactalbumin. Upon rechromatographing the chaperoning complex, the presence of monomeric α-lactalbumin has been demonstrated in addition to the chaperoning complex itself. This and equilibrium dialysis experiments demonstrated conclusively the existence of an equilibrium between monomeric partially denatured α-lactalbumin and the chaperoning complex made of α-lactalbumin and α-crystallin.
MO-F-220-02: Imaging Educational Course - Ultrasound Miniaturization

Ultrasound is used more often than any other medical imaging modality because compared to the alternatives it is fast, safe, portable, and inexpensive. Moreover ultrasound has evolved symbiotically with advances in integrated electronics to allow increasingly higher image quality, along with enhanced functional information, like color flow, perfusion, tissue‐strain, and elasticity imaging. It has now become possible to incorporate in compact instruments capabilities that were only available in full size consoles a decade ago. Imagers consist of a sensor that both transmits and receives ultrasound, an electronic beamformer to create focused beams of energy, a mid processor to convert these into grey scale images or functional information, and a display module for output. User interface and control elements complete the units. Three key technologies drive ultrasound miniaturization. First, integrated electronics that allow more processing per volume and per watt are important for both the analog front end as well as the digital beamforming and mid processing units. Second, advances in CPU, and now GPUs, along with simpler software platforms allow many of the functions that used to be done in dedicated hardware to be done in software. Third, the migration of beamforming into the probe shrinks the cable diameter and distributes processing and power consumption. Several examples from recent progress will be used to illustrate these points: the introduction of laptop, tablet, and hand‐held imagers; automatic image optimization to simplify the user experience, and automatic physiological parameter estimates. Recent studies show that in some cases the diagnostic utility of small ultrasoundimagers matches results from the larger and more costly consoles. Ultrasound imaging will be adopted in more point‐of‐care and rural settings. Spurred by technological innovations, the ability of ultrasound to address quality, access, and cost issues will likely increase its utilization worldwide. Research supported by General Electric Corporation Learning Objectives: 1. Be able to describe the operation of the major parts of an ultrasoundimager. 2. Appreciate recent advances in probes and microelectronics. 3. Understand how engineering specifications impact the diagnostic workflow.
High Surface Area Nanoparticulate Transition Metal Carbides Prepared by Alkalide Reduction

Fe3C, VC, TaC, and TiC nanocrystals have been synthesized by subambient alkalide reduction. The initial products in all cases appear to be either amorphous or sub-nanocrystalline. Annealing between 950 and 1200 °C, depending on the compound, resulted in nanocrystalline materials. Surface areas, measured by the BET method, range between 66 and 164 m2/g and crystallite sizes between ∼2 and 25 nm.
Field Independence and Simultaneous Processing in Preschool Children

The present study examined the relations between field independence and simultaneous processing of preschool children as measured by the Preschool Embedded Figures Test (PEFT) and subtests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), respectively. Data partially supported the assumption that field-independent children would perform significantly better on simultaneous processing tasks in general. Significant age and sex differences on field-independence/field-dependence and simultaneous-processing abilities were found among the embedded figures task and selected portions of the K-ABC. Analysis of embedded figures further indicated age differences, but no significant sex differences.
In vivo radioactive labeling of Arbacia sperm histones.

Abstract Sperm histones of Arbacia were labeled in vivo by a single intracoelomic injection of 3H-arginine 10 days prior to respawning. Histones were fractionated on polyacrylamide gels and counted. Radioactivity was found in all histone fractions in amounts approximately proportional to the amount of protein in each band. This technique provides a way of obtaining histone-labeled sperm which could be used to trace the fate of sperm nucleoproteins after fertilization.
Stabilizing Androgen Receptor in Mitosis Inhibits Prostate Cancer Proliferation

The androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid transcription factor, the activity of which is the primary focus of androgen ablation therapies for advanced prostate cancer. In prostate cancers, the AR acquires gain-of-function changes allowing it to drive prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation in a cell-autonomous manner. As part of this malignancy-associated gain-of-function, AR acquires a role in licensing for DNA replication in prostate cancer cells. In its role as a licensing factor, AR must be degraded during mitosis in order to allow relicensing in the subsequent cell cycle. This conclusion is supported by the demonstration that acute enhanced expression of AR in prostate cancer cells results in its incomplete degradation in mitosis. This lack of mitotic AR degradation inhibits subsequent cell proliferation due to the inability to relicense all origins of replication needed for the next round of cell division. These data provide a unifying paradigm to clarify a number of unresolved observations in prostate cancer research. In addition, they provide a rationale for a new therapeutic approach for prostate cancer based upon stabilization of AR.
Seating preferences as nonverbal communication: A self‐presentational analysis

(1980). Seating preferences as nonverbal communication: A self‐presentational analysis. Journal of Applied Communication Research: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 22-30.
Elucidating metabolic, subcellular, and tissue-level changes induced by HPV-related oncoproteins

We use tissue engineering and a Human papillomavirus (HPV) model of carcinogenesis to associate specific molecular changes to optical pre-cancerous biomarkers.
Regulatory responses to commons problems: The Columbia River salmon fishery

Abstract The article analyzes selected aspects of the history of the Columbia River to identify attempts that have been made to solve use problems involving the salmon fishery commons and to identify associations between antecedent events and particular solutions chosen. The results suggest some rudimentary associations between regulatory arrangements and supply characteristics of the fishery commons. These associations are tenuous, however, and probably contingent on the presence or absence . of other factors. Advances in commercial and institutional technologies were found to be the most obvious qualifying factors in the Columbia River case.
Chemical-mechanical polishing as an enabling technology for giant magnetoresistance devices

Abstract Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) devices, integrated with conventional Si interconnects (ICs), are promising candidates for future data-storage applications. Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), a surface smoothing and planarization process, is anticipated to be a key technology in the demonstration of full functionality of such GMR components. In this work, we report on the fabrication of GMR device elements through chemical-mechanical polishing of silicon nitride interlevel dielectrics (ILD). Our results show that the silicon nitride polishing process using commercially available slurries and pads is compatible with copper interconnects and copper metallized GMR elements. Contact resistivity between Cu and Cu as low as 5×10 −10 Ω -cm 2 has been achieved with the CMP process and related processing techniques, as obtained by de-embedding the contact resistance from GMR device measurements.
Statistical analysis of staphylococcal infection in hospital patients in relation to use of antibiotics and Other factors

When staphylococcal strains from hospital patients are plotted in a frequency curve according to the size of the growth-free zone in a disk test for sensitivity to penicillin-G, this curve is trimodal. This implies that, besides the sensitive, there are two populations of resistant staphylococci: the moderately and the highly resistant, In a hospital-wide survey of coagulase or mannite positive staphylococci isolated in North Carolina Memorial Hospital between October 1964 and October 1965 it was inferred that: (1) there was a statistically highly significant difference between the distributions of the moderately and the highly resistant strains over duration of hospital stay prior to the time of isolation; (2) the highly resistant strains were seldom introduced from outside; and (3) there was no significant association between use of penicillin-G by a patient harbouring a strain and the frequency with which such a strain was found to be highly resistant to this drug. The latter finding is in contrast to significant associations found when the penicillin resistance is moderate, or when the drug used is other than penicillin-G. It is concluded that a fall in the incidence of staphylococcal strains highly resistant to penicillin-G in patients who did not receive other antibiotics may well be a valid index of the efficacy of programmes to control hospital infection. If so, there is a practical merit in adopting the routine of distinguisning between two groups of penicillin-resistant staphylococci, which behave, epidemiologically, as two distinct bacterial populations.
Molecular mechanisms of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors.

Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors were identified initially as binding sites in peripheral tissues with markedly different drug specificity than the central type receptors. The density of peripheral receptors varies greatly among tissue with selective localization within organs. Steroid producing areas of glands, such as the adrenal, testes and ovary, are highly enriched in these receptors. Intracellular localizations provide further insight into function with peripheral receptors largely if not exclusively associated with outer membranes of mitochondria. Purification of the peripheral receptor protein from rat kidney mitochondria reveals two apparent subunits with molecular weights of about 30 and 18 kD respectively. This complex is functionally intact as determined by its ability to reversibly bink PK-11195 Ro5-4864, and PK-14105 with high affinity and specificity.
Opiate receptors as regulators of adenylate cyclase.

This monograph reports on the progress of Nirenberg's neuroblastoma research. The authors find that morphine inhibits enzymatic activity and enzyme production levels. Additionally, hybrid cells show that the number of opiate receptors mediates inhibition of morphine. Results suggest that because drugs may act as enzyme inducers, recovery from the addicted state requires return of adenylate cyclase activity to normal levels.
Adult and periadolescent rats differ in expression of nicotinic cholinergic receptor subtypes and in the response of these subtypes to chronic nicotine exposure.

Adolescence is a time of significant brain development, and exposure to nicotine during this period is associated with higher subsequent rates of dependence. Chronic nicotine exposure alters expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), changing the pattern of nicotine responsiveness. We used quantitative autoradiography to measure three major subtypes of nAChRs after chronic nicotine exposure by osmotic minipump in adult and periadolescent rats. Comparison of control animals at the two different ages revealed that periadolescents express consistently greater numbers of α4β2⁎ nAChRs compared to the same brain regions of adults. Similar but less pronounced increases in α7 nAChRs were found in control periadolescent rats compared to adults. Binding of [125I]α-conotoxin MII (largely to α6⁎ nAChRs) did not systematically differ between adults and periadolescents. The response to chronic nicotine exposure also differed by age. Up-regulation of α4β2⁎ nAChRs was prominent and widespread in adult animals; in periadolescents, α4β2⁎ up-regulation also occurred, but in fewer regions and to a lesser extent. A similar pattern of response was seen with α7 receptors: adults were more responsive than periadolescents to nicotine-induced up-regulation. In adult animals, chronic nicotine exposure did not cause up-regulation of α6⁎ nAChRs; binding was down-regulated in three regions. Unlike the other subtypes, the response of α6⁎ nAChRs to chronic nicotine was greater in periadolescents, with more regions showing greater down-regulation compared to adults. These differences in receptor expression and regulation between age groups are likely to be important given the unique vulnerability of adolescents to nicotine-induced behavioral changes and susceptibility to drug abuse.
Delta Approximation: Parameter Identification for Simulation Models of Human Behavior

There is much concern over the implications of increasing population growth and resource consumption. It may be that traditional academic disciplines have not yet reoriented their goals to deal with this question in a completely satisfactory manner. With the proliferation of computers and computer technology, it is inevitable that some researchers would attempt simulations of long-term human behavior with respect to environment and resources. The great weakness of these ``simulation models'' is that they can never be validated and, therefore, cannot inspire unqualified confidence. Their great strength is that they are summaries of expert opinion and could serve as a focus for multidisciplinary research. The identification of parameters for such models is the main theme of this paper. It is shown that parameter identification, for the proper choice of a ``goodness of fit'' criterion, can be a rapid, always convergent process. This same criterion usually allows identification to occur independently for each state equation. Independence could be especially conducive to multidisciplinary human behavior model building. The technique is illustrated with an identification for a nonlinear, discrete-time simulation model (17th order) of the use of land and energy in California. This model has 80 parameters, which were identified with 150 data points and a few minutes of computer time. Only the hypothetical dynamic relations for agricultural variables need be rejected in this preliminary effort.
Aggregate nursing requirement planning in a public health care delivery system.

Abstract In this paper, we present an aggregate nursing requirement planning model for inpatient services to provide inputs for preparing yearly budgets in a public health care delivery system. A forecasting system using autoregressive integrated moving average time-series models forms the basis of project demands for nursing hours by medical specialities. These projections along with the institutional constraints and patient care requirements are all incorporated in a linear programming model for assessing needs for permanent staff, overtime pay and contracting temporary help—by medical service, nursing skill level and time period (month). We also expand the model to evaluate the sizing of a pool of float nurses. The model is developed within the framework of routine managerial planning process of the system under study (vis-a vis, the data base and the organizational structure). Historical data are used to estimate input parameters for the model. The staffing needs generated from the model for 1978 are compared with the actual system performance.
The use of multiple frames in verb learning via syntactic bootstrapping

Following the original Syntactic Bootstrapping proposal of Landau and Gleitman (1985), this study investigated whether young 2-year-old children (mean age = 28 months) can use multiple syntactic frames, in addition to the extralinguistic scene, to help focus on the meaning of a novel verb. The multiple frames tested were combinations of transitive and intransitive frames in two alternation patterns, Causative and Omitted Object. By hypothesis, the Causative alternation would be more predictive of actions involving physical causation and the Omitted Object alternation more predictive of actions involving repeated physical contact without causation. Subjects were presented with videos depicting both actions, together with a novel verb. The actions were subsequently separated, and the children were asked to select which action was the referent of the novel verb. The novel verb was presented either in transitive and intransitive frames in the Causative alternation (CS: The duck is sebbing the frog, the frog is sebbing) or the Omitted Object alternation (OO: The duck is sebbing the frog, the duck is sebbing), or in intransitive frames only (IO: The duck is sebbing), or without a frame (FF: Sebbing!). In the CS, IO, and FF conditions, children preferred the causative action as the referent of the verb. However, the girls in the OO condition showed a significantly different preference, and looked more toward the contact actions than their peers in the other conditions did. This study thus provides the first experimental evidence that young 2-year-old children can use multiple syntactic frames to help determine the meaning of a novel verb.
Single-particle and collective excitations in 124Te

Abstract Low-lying excitations in 124 Te have been investigated using the 122 Sn(α, 2n) reaction at beam energies of 21 and 23 MeV. Standard in-beam spectroscopy techniques of excitation function, γγ-coincidence and γ-ray angular distribution measurements were used. A level scheme up to 3410 keV was constructed. Nine new γ-rays have been placed and definite spin-parity assignments were made to a number of new levels. Among the new states identified were possible 10 + and 8 + members of the ground-state quasiband. To test proposed collective properties, non-yrast states populated in this work are examined through their relative B (E2) values and mixing ratios. No evidence supporting the existence of strong intruder components has been found.
The Effects of Cooking Methods and Sample Size on Shear Values of Cornish Birds

Abstract Shear values were obtained from Cornish hens to determine the extent to which cooking methods and sample size had on these values. Cooking method did have a significant (P
Parahippocampal corpora amylacea: case report

Objective Corpora amylacea (CA) normally accumulate within perivascular, subpial, and subependymal astrocytic processes. CA are associated with a number of conditions including normal aging, hippocampal sclerosis associated with temporal lobe epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lafora-type progressive myoclonic epilepsy, and adult polyglucosan body disease. Reports of massive localized accumulation of CA in the brain outside of these conditions are rare. Clinical presentation A 49-year-old woman, with a long-standing history of migraine headaches, presented to her primary care provider for increased headache duration. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left parahippocampal lesion, suggestive of low-grade glioma. Intervention Given the MRI suggestive of left parahippocampal glioma, left-sided frontotemporal craniotomy was performed for resection of the lesion. Specimens obtained during the operation revealed focal high-density accumulation of CA with no evidence of neoplasm, ischemia, or hypoxic injury. Conclusion This case illustrates the possibility that localized high-density CA accumulation can present as an intrinsic lesion on brain MRI. CA should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with brain MRI suggestive of nonenhancing space-occupying lesions.
Results on Newton methods: part I: a unified approach for constructing perturbed Newton-like methods in Banach spaces and their applications

Many applied problems can be formulated to fit the model of a nonlinear equation. Undoubtedly, Newton methods are the most popular methods for solving such equations. Here we report the results of our recent investigations in a series of two papers. We unified Newton methods and provided convergence results to solve nonlinear equations. We used Newton-Kantorovich type hypotheses and the majorant method. Our results depend on the existence of a Lipschitz function with which we replace the Lipschitz constant usually appearing in the hypotheses of these investigations. We find our methods useful for many reasons. From the computational point of view we have allowed our iterations to be corrected at every step and still converge to a solution of the equation at hand. In most earlier results the iterates are assumed to be computed exactly to achieve convergence. Moreover we showed that under weaker hypotheses our iterations converge faster than others already in the literature. Finally we used our results to solve Uryson and Fredholm-type integral equations appearing in radiative transfer.
Optimization of probe vehicle deployment for traffic status estimation

Traffic congestion in urban areas is posing many challenges, and traffic flow model provides accurate traffic status estimation and prediction can be beneficial for congestion management. With the limitation of infrastructure, probe data from individual vehicles is an attractive alternative to inductive loop detectors as a mean to collect traffic data for traffic flow modelling. This paper investigates the optimal deployment strategy of probe vehicles. Data assimilation technique, Newtonian relaxation method, is used to incorporate probe data into macroscopic traffic flow model, and synthetic traffic is used to study the optimization problem. The tradeoff between the quality of traffic density estimation and operation cost of probing are investigating using multi-objective genetic algorithm. The results indicates that it is possible to decrease probe data for congested traffic with negligible degradation on the quality of traffic status estimation.
The analysis and simulation of heat flow into underground airways

The essential theory of time-variant radial heat conduction into an underground mine airway from the surrounding strata is developed. Additional artificial sources of heating and cooling are included in the analysis, and thermodynamic and psychrometric relations are used to track the variation of climatic parameters along the airway. A computer program CLIMSIM is described, which simulates these complex non-linear and interdependent relations, in order to predict variations in climatic conditions throughout sub-surface ventilation systems.
Conductance beyond the Landauer limit and charge pumping in quantum wires

Periodically driven systems, which can be described by Floquet theory, have been proposed to show characteristic behavior that is distinct from static Hamiltonians. Floquet theory proposes to describe such periodically driven systems in terms of states that are indexed by a photon number in addition to the usual Hilbert space of the system. We propose a way to measure directly this additional Floquet degree of freedom by the measurement of the DC conductance of a single channel quantum point contact. Specifically, we show that a single channel wire augmented with a grating structure when irradiated with microwave radiation can show a DC conductance above the limit of one conductance quantum set by the Landauer formula. Another interesting feature of the proposed system is that being nonadiabatic in character, it can be used to pump a strong gate-voltage-dependent photocurrent even with linearly polarized radiation.
Radiation and ionization by relativistic electron beams

The electromagnetic streaming instability yields substantial growth for propagation at large angles to the beam. Transverse Landau damping suppression of the mode is calculated for a variety of beam parameters. The saturated stage of the instability (bunching in position space) can produce large electric fields oscillating at the plasma frequency in the vicinity of the beam. These fields can cause further ionization, and define the final channel radius. Comparison with experiment is satisfactory.
Using cyanide to put noble gases inside C60.

After fullerenes are heated in the presence of a noble gas or an unreactive molecule at 650 °C and 3000 atm pressure, a small fraction of the fullerene molecules contain the atom or molecule. The incorporation fraction is greatly enhanced by adding potassium cyanide to the reaction mixture. The details of the preparation are described here.
Coupled, forced response of an axially moving strip with internal resonance

In this paper, the forced response of a non-linear axially moving strip with coupled transverse and longitudinal motions is studied. In particular, the response of the system is examined in the neighborhood of a 3 : 1 internal resonance between the first two transverse modes. The equations of motion are derived using the Hamilton's Principle and discretized by the Galerkin's method. First, with the longitudinal motion neglected, the forced transverse response is investigated by applying the method of multiple scales to assess the effects of speed and the internal resonance. In general, the speed is shown to affect each mode differently. The internal resonance results in the constant solutions having transition to instability of both a saddle-node type and a Hopf bifurcation. In the region where the Hopf bifurcation occurs, steady-state periodic motion does not exist. Instead the stable motion is amplitude- and phase-modulated. When the coupled system with longitudinal motion is examined with internal resonance, results reveal that the modulated motions disappear. Thus, the presence of the longitudinal motion has a stabilizing effect on the transverse modes in the Hopf bifurcation region. The second longitudinal mode is shown to drift due primarily to a direct excitation of the first transverse mode. Effects of the longitudinal motion on the transverse response are shown to be significant for speeds both away from and close to the critical speed.
SERUM FREE POLYAMINES (SFPA) LEVELS IN CANCER PATIENTS

Elevated urinary polyamines have been demonstrated in a variety of untreated clinical cancers. SFPA levels in 20 lambda native serum samples obtained from normal (N) and cancer (CA) patient specimens were determined by anti-spermine antibody radio immunoassay (RIA). Levels of PA are expressed as nanogram of free spermine base per ml of fluid. Values as high as 30 times normal have been encountered in pediatric and adult age cancer patients, occasionally in those classified as in remission. All CA patients were unselected, the opportunity for study occuring at various stages of diagnosis, clinical course and therapy. Nevertheless, intergroup comparisons of CA and N subjects revealed p values of 0.05 or less in all analyses. Preliminary results from a prospective study of newly diagnosed (untreated) lung cancer patients, n=8 demonstrated 7/8 with elevated SFPA values. SFPA elevations appear to be the rule in patients with a variety of liquid and solid tumors.
Changes in the expression of cytochrome P450c17 associated with ovarian cystic follicles. An immunocytochemical and enzymatic analysis of porcine ovaries.

Abstract The steroidogenic activity of normal preovulatory and cystic follicles, and corpora lutea of porcine ovaries was investigated by immunocytochemical and radioenzymatic techniques. Using a specific antibody to porcine cytochrome P450c17, immunocytochemical staining was specifically localized in the theca interna layer of normal follicles and undetectable in the granulosa layer. The theca interna layers of non-luteinzed cystic follicles were immunoreactive while those of luteinized follicles were not. Corpora lutea cells were essentially negative. The 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase activity was similar in luteinized cystic follicular and corpora lutea tissues, which had 8 times higher activity than found in normal preovulatory follicles. The formation of either corpora lutea or luteinized cysts led to a profound decline (12- to 15-fold) in 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase activities compared to normal preovulatory follicles. In agreement with these enzyme findings, radioimmunoassays revealed very high levels of progesterone with nearly undetectable levels of androgens in the luteinized cysts. These studies demonstrate the functional similarities between cells of luteinized cysts and those of normal corpora lutea and suggest a pathology associated suppression of P450c17 expression in porcine cystic follicles.
A randomized controlled examination of a potentially promising social-communication of speech/language intervention for school-age children

Adams, C., Lockton, E., Freed, J., Gaile, J., Earl, G., McBean, K., Nash, M., Green, J., Vail, A., & Law, J. (2012). The social communication intervention project: A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of speech and language therapy for school-aged children who have pragmatic and social communication problems with and without autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 47, 233–244. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: This study was supported by a grant from Nuffield Foundation (Grant Reference: EDU/32953) and University of Manchester; the original authors of this research report no conflicts of interest.
Combined Fluocinolone Acetonide Intraocular Delivery System Insertion, Phacoemulsification, and Intraocular Lens Implantation for Severe Uveitis

Purpose To determine whether a three-year fluocinolone acetonide sustained drug delivery system can be implanted safely at the same time that phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation are performed for a visually significant cataract in eyes with uveitis. Design Retrospective, single-center case series. Methods All consecutive patients treated from April 1998 through September 2006 at an academic clinical practice with intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis requiring immunosuppressive therapy, periocular corticosteroid injections, or both. Phacoemulsification, IOL implantation, and fluocinolone acetonide implant insertion were performed during a single surgical session. The main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative ocular inflammation, visual acuity (VA), intraoperative complications, anti-inflammatory medication use, IOP, and postoperative adverse events. Results Twenty-four eyes of 21 patients were studied. Mean follow-up duration was 27 months (range, six to 60 months). No patients had intraoperative complications. The mean Snellen VA at baseline was 20/316, which improved significantly to 20/75 at 12 months. The average number of recurrences in the 12 months before implantation was 2.2 episodes per eye. Only one eye experienced a recurrence at seven months after implantation. Topical corticosteroids, posterior sub-Tenon capsule injections, and systemic anti-inflammatory medications were reduced significantly at 12 months. Average IOP was unchanged after surgery compared with preoperative IOP; 15% underwent glaucoma filtering surgery. Conclusions A fluocinolone acetonide implant insertion can be combined safely with phacoemulsification plus IOL implantation during the same surgical session in eyes with uveitis. VA generally was improved, uveitis recurrences decreased, and the need for immunosuppression decreased. The most common side effect was increased IOP.
Synthesis of biologically active fibroblast-activating factor (FAF) by Xenopus oocytes injected with T lymphocyte mRNA

Activation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes results in the production of fibroblast-activating factor (FAF), a mediator which stimulates fibroblast proliferation. This lymphokine, which may provide a molecular link between cell-mediated immune reactions and fibroplasia, has been identified as a T-cell product both in vitro and in vivo. In order to study the mechanisms of synthesis and activity of FAF, poly(A) RNA was isolated from concanavalin A-stimulated T lymphocytes and injected into Xenopus oocytes. The injected oocytes translated the messenger RNA and produced a material with the biological and biochemical properties of human FAF. The oocyte product induced proliferation in serum-free quiescent fibroblast monolayers and exhibited the same molecular weight and charge as the T-cell-derived factor. Oocytes injected with poly(A)-RNA from unstimulated T lymphocytes produced little, if any, FAF activity. We conclude that activation of T lymphocytes enhances transcription of FAF mRNA as detected in the oocyte translation assay. This translated material has biological activity and biochemical characteristics consistent with FAF and is suitable for further studies on the expression and synthesis of FAF (poly)peptides.
Preparation of colloidal magnesium-aluminum-silicates by hydrolysis of a mixed alkoxide

Abstract Hydrolysis of a mixed magnesium-aluminum-silicate ethoxide of a fixed composition was used to prepare finely dispersed particles. In one procedure, the precipitation of the solid phase was carried out by the addition of aqueous acid or base solutions to the liquid alkoxide. Depending on the experimental conditions, cordierite was obtained, pure or mixed with either forsterite or a spinel phase. In another technique the alkoxide was nebulized and the droplets exposed to water vapor. This aerosol technique produced, very rapidly, spherical solid particles, the composition of which turned out to be a mixture of different phases.
BIOS chronomancy: fixing the core root of trust for measurement

In this paper we look at the implementation of the Core Root of Trust for Measurement (CRTM) from a Dell Latitude E6400 laptop. We describe how the implementation of the CRTM on this system doesn't meet the requirements set forth by either the Trusted Platform Module(TPM)PC client specification or NIST 800-155 guidance. We show how novel tick malware, a 51 byte patch to the CRTM, can replay a forged measurement to the TPM, falsely indicating that the BIOS is pristine. This attack is broadly applicable, because all CRTMs we have seen to date are rooted in mutable firmware. We also show how flea malware can survive attempts to reflash infected firmware with a clean image. To fix the untrustworthy CRTM we ported an open source "TPM-timing-based attestation" implementation from running in the Windows kernel, to running in an OEM's BIOS and SMRAM. This created a new, stronger CRTM that detects tick, flea, and other malware embedded in the BIOS. We call our system "BIOS Chronomancy", and we show that it works in a real vendor BIOS, with all the associated complexity, rather than in a simplified research environment.
Microtubule organization and the effects of GFP-tubulin expression in dictyostelium discoideum.

We have labeled microtubules in living Dictyostelium amoebae by incorporation of a GFP-alpha-tubulin fusion protein. The GFP-alpha-tubulin incorporates into microtubules and, as reported by others [Neujahr et al., 1998], the labeled microtubules are highly motile. Electron microscopy (EM) analysis of the distribution and organization of microtubules in the amoebae shows that some cytoplasmic microtubules form close associations. These associations could allow motor proteins attached to one microtubule to walk along an adjacent microtubule and thus generate some of the observed motility. Protein blot analysis indicates that the GFP-alpha-tubulin incorporates into microtubules at a lower efficiency than does the endogenous alpha-tubulin. EM and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses suggest that the GFP-alpha-tubulin interferes with microtubule nucleation. We have also observed an increased sensitivity of the GFP-alpha-tubulin expressing cells to blue light, as compared to wild-type cells. These results suggest that although GFP-alpha-tubulin can be used as a marker for microtubules in living cells, the use of this marker is not recommended for certain types of studies such as assembly dynamics.
Ignition of n-heptane pool by heated stagnating oxidizing flow

The ignition temperature of a liquid pool of n-heptane by heated oxidizer in a stagnation flow was experimentally determined for system pressures of 0.61-3 atm and pressure-weighted strain rates of 60-350 s{sup -1}. The surface of the liquid pool was maintained at a fixed location through continuous replenishment. The state of ignition was brought about, and monitored, by gradually increasing the oxidizer temperature. The strain rate was determined by seeding and measuring the oxidizer flow velocity using laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Computational simulation of the ignition event with detailed chemistry and transport was conducted by using a stagnation-flow code. The kinetic mechanisms utilized are a high-temperature n-heptane oxidation model, with 130 species and 955 reactions, and a reduced one of 58 species derived from a detailed mechanism of 561 species and 2539 reactions. The former mechanism yielded better agreement with the experimental measurements in general over the conditions examined. It was also found that the mole fraction of n-heptane at the interface changed only slightly with pressure and strain rate, and can be considered to have minimal effect on the ignition responses studies herein. A recently developed explosive mode analysis (EMA) was conducted to identify the controlling radicals and reactionsmore » in the non-premixed ignition of n-heptane. (author)« less
Calmodulin antagonist inhibition of polyamine transport in prostatic cancer cells in vitro.

Abstract Cells stimulated to divide increase their uptake of extracellular polyamines by a transport system that is specific for the natural polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and polyamine-like compounds (1). In the course of our experiments on characterizing the polyamine transport properties of PC-3 cells, we observed that the cationic peptide melittin was a potent inhibitor of polyamine uptake. As melittin is also one of the most potent of the reported antagonists of calmodulin, we investigated whether calmodulin antagonists would inhibit polyamine transport (2).
Extrathoracic and transthoracic management of vascular disease of the aortic arch branches: A 16-year experience

To determine factors influencing results of operation for proximal brachiocephalic arterial disease, a 16-year review of 74 consecutive patients was undertaken. A total of 62 subclavian, 14 common carotid, 6 innominate, and 2 vertebral arteries were revascularized during 79 procedures. The approach was transthoracic in 12 operations and extrathoracic in 67. Mean follow-up was 57 +/- 45 months. Two patients (2.5%) died of stroke after extrathoracic revascularization of the common carotid artery. Cumulative 5-year and 10-year freedom from neurological events was 81% and 75%, respectively. The best results were obtained with transthoracic procedures, with revascularization of the subclavian artery rather than the common carotid artery, and in operations performed in patients without associated distal carotid disease. In view of the recent progress in operative techniques and postoperative surgical care, the choice between the transthoracic approach and the extrathoracic approach should not be biased; rather, they should remain equal and viable alternatives based on anatomical and clinical features of the individual patients.
From Forest to Farm and Back Again: Land Use History as a Dimension of Ecological Research in Coastal Maine

The particular environmental qualities of the lower Kennebec River region have long influenced the human beings who have inhabited this coastal area of presentday Maine. Aboriginal people lived in and passed through the lower Kennebec area for more than one hundred centuries before Europeans arrived; their seasonal migrations brought inland groups to the sea for fish and shellfish, and an Abenaki trade route existed along the Sasanoa and Back Rivers for seven thousand years (see figure 1). In 1605, one of the earliest Europeans to visit the region, English explorer George Waymouth, sailed up the Kennebec; he reported seeing land fit for cattle, high timber for masts, and streams for driving mills. Two years later, other Englishmen established the Popham Colony as the first European settlement in the region. Located at the river's mouth, the colony survived only about twelve months; but other Europeans would return within a few years to take advantage of the region's waters and landscape, with their fish, forests, and meadows. These features affected the region's development in interconnected cycles and remain significant economic resources today. The lower Kennebec region's rich and varied land use history continues to show the influences of its distinctive ecosystems.! The history of land use as a dynamic element of ecosystem change in coastal New England must be studied not only at a regional or landscape level but at the level of specific properties as well. The Holt Research Forest in Maine's lower Kennebec valley provides an excellent example of the reciprocal relationship between environmental features and historical land uses. After first reviewing the need for research that incorporates land use history as a dynamic element of ecosystem change, this paper describes the Holt Research Forest and the factors that led to this inquiry, then reports the results of this land use history study and comments on its implications for future research.