cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Trichomonas vaginalis ornithine decarboxylase by amino acid analogs.

Abstract Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) from Trichomonas vaginalis was inhibited irreversibly by several substrate analogs. Of these, dl -α-mononuoromethyldehydroornithine (MFMDO) and dl -α-monofluoromethylornithine (MFMO) were the most potent. The enzyme was unaffected by putrescine analogs suggesting that differences exist between the regulation of the trichomonad enzyme and that in other eukaryotes. In culture the ornithine analogs strongly inhibited putrescine synthesis and increased the generation time after 24 hr of exposure. In a semi-defined growth medium MFMDO methyl and ethyl esters increased the generation time from 4.5 hr to 9.0 and 8.2 hr, respectively. In standard undefined growth medium the trichomonad ODC was fully induced only after 15 hr (late log) and had an extended half-life of greater than 8 hr.
Fractal distributions of stress and strength and variations of b-value

A two-dimensional planar fault zone on which the difference between stress and strength follows a fractal distribution is simulated to study the variation of the frequency-magnitude b-value under different distributions of heterogeneities and ambient stress levels. It is suggested that earthquakes occur in regions where this difference exceeds a specified value and that the size of these regions is a measure of the magnitude of the associated earthquake. A systematic variation in b-value is observed. It is found that the b-value has a positive correlation with the fractal dimension of the distribution and is inversely related to the ambient stress level. Observational data are compared with the simulation, showing that the observed b-value variation before and during earthquake sequences is a result of changes in both the ambient stress level and in the fractal dimension of the stress-strength distribution.
High temperature mechanical behavior of a chemically vapor deposited beta silicon carbide

Abstract Mechanical properties of a pure and completely dense polycrystalline beta silicon carbide material fabricated via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were evaluated. Properties varied extensively from one batch to another, mainly due to the presence of residual stresses formed during and after the deposition process. Unreacted silicon and carbon were detected in materials processed in a hot wall reactor. Free silicon was observed primarily along the column boundaries of silicon carbides produced in a hot wall reactor. The presence of the silicon resulted in severe degradation of properties above 1400°C. One batch of material which was fabricated in a cold wall reactor had the highest strength at 1400°C and free silicon was detected only locally and in small amounts in this material. Flaw healing and partial relief of tensile residual stress due to oxidation and increased ductility of the silicon phase at high temperatures improved the short-term strenght of the VCD silicon carbide at elevated temperatures.
Hydrogen elimination in the thermal decomposition of iridium-n-alkyl complexes

Abstract Iridium complexes L2Ir(CO)X (L  PPh3, P(p-FC6H5)3, CO; X  Cl, I) and L2Ir(CO)X3 (L  PPh3, P(p-FC6H5)3; X  Cl, I) were allowed to react with CH3(CH2)6CD2Li and CH3(CH2)5CD2CH2Li to form the respective n-octyliridium complexes. Thermal decomposition of these complexes yielded solely D2CCH(CH2)5CH3 and CHD2(CH2)6CH3 from the 1,1-dideuteriooctyliridium complexes and H2CCD(CH2)5CH3 and CDH2CD2(CH2)5CH3 from the 2,2-dideuteriooctyliridium complexes. Thus, productive decomposition of the n-alkyliridium complexes occurred exclusively by a s-hydrogen elimination mechanism. This is in accord with the previously reported reaction of (PPh3)2Ir(CO)Cl with CH3(CH2)5CD2CH2Li [1] and demonstrates that changing the steric and electronic nature of the donor ligands on the iridium is insufficient to induce productive decomposition by α-hydrogen elimination.
SU-GG-T-169: The Utility of Off-Cord Arc Beams in RapidArc Planning for Head/Neck Cancers

Purpose To utilize off‐cord arc beams in RapidArc planning for head/neck cancers.Methods and Materials: Five patients with head/neck cancer were planned with RapidArc technique. Three RapidArc plans were generated for each patient, including a “2+1” plan, a “1+2” plan, and a “0+3” plan. The first number indicates the number of off‐cord arcs with the inner x‐jaw closed at 5mm away from the spinal cord. The second number indicates the number of arc beams with open jaws. The three arcs were placed with the same isocenter. Field size and collimator angle were manually set for off‐cord arcs and automatically optimized in Eclipse for open‐jaw arcs. Same dose constraints and priority weights were used for all three plans. No MU constraints were set. The plans were normalized to the same PTV coverage criterion. MU numbers were compared to evaluate the degree of MLC modulation. Dose volume histograms were compared for PTVs and the spinal cord plus a 5 mm margin. Results: With the same optimization setting, the “0+3” plan has the lowest MU number. The “2+1” plan has the highest MU number, 1.3±0.1 times of the “0+3” plan. The “1+2” plan h the second highest MU number, 1.3±0.1 times of the “0+3” plan. With more MLC modulation, the “1+2” and “2+1” plans outperform the “0+3” plan in terms of cord protection and PTV coverage for all five patients. However the “2+1” plan is not guaranteed to be the best even though it has the highest MU number. Conclusions: Utilizing off‐cord arc beams causes higher MU number and more MLC modulation in head/neck planning.
Effects of delay models on peak power estimation of VLSI sequential circuits

Previous work has shown that maximum switching density at a given node is extremely sensitive to a slight change in the delay at that node. However, when estimating the peak power for the entire circuit, the powers estimated must not be as sensitive to a slight variation or inaccuracy in the assumed gate delays because computing the exact gate delays for every gate in the circuit during simulation is expensive. Thus, we would like to use the simplest delay model possible to reduce the execution time for estimating power, while making sure that it provides an accurate estimate, i.e., that the peak powers estimated will not vary due to a variation in the gate delays. Results for four delay models are reported for the ISCAS85 combinational benchmark circuits, ISCAS89 sequential benchmark circuits, and several synthesized circuits.
Analytical model of the combustion of multicomponent solid propellants

Multiple flame models derived for simple composite propellants are extended to describe the combustion of propellants containing multimodal particle sizes, mixed oxidizers and monopropellant binders. Models combining the component contributions to propellant surface structure, flame structure and energy distribution are based in part upon experimental observations and in part upon hypotheses constrained to provide reasonable agreement with measured burning rate characteristics. The methods employed consist of superposition, interaction and iteration. The computerized model is applied to explain the effects of multiple ingredients and to discuss burning rate tailoring problems of current interest.
Design considerations and algorithms for partitioning opto-electronic multichip modules

There is considerable interest in developing optical interconnects for multi-chip modules (MCM). As a consequence, there is a basic need in developing a methodology for partitioning the system for effective utilization of the optical and electronic technologies. For the given netlist of a system design, key question to be answered is where to use optical interconnections. The authors introduce the computer aided design (CAD) approach for partitioning opto-electronic systems into opto-electronic multichip modules (OE MCM). They first discuss the design tradeoff issues in optoelectronic system design including speed, power dissipation, area and diffraction limits for free space optics. They then define a formulation for OE MCM partitioning and describe new algorithms for optimizing this partitioning based on the minimization of the power dissipation. The models for the algorithms are discussed in detail and an example of a multistage interconnect network is given. Different results, with the number and size of chips being variable, are presented where improvement for the system packaging has been observed when the partitioning algorithms are applied. >
The Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-44 controls the polarity of asymmetric cell divisions

The generation and orientation of cellular and organismic polarity are fundamental aspects of development. Mutations in the gene lin-44 of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans reverse both the relative positions of specific sister cells and the apparent polarities of these cells. Thus, lin-44 mutants appear to generate polar cells but to misorient these cells along the body axis of the animal. We postulate that lin-44 acts to specify the orientation of polar cells.
Evaluation of the thoraco-laryngeal reflex ('slap test') as an aid to the diagnosis of cervical spinal cord and brainstem disease in horses

A study was conducted over a 12 month period to assess the specificity and sensitivity of the 'slap test', using endoscopic evaluation, in the detection of cervical spinal cord and caudal brainstem lesions in horses. Fifteen ataxic horses were subjected to the 'slap test' and subsequently examined post mortem. Twelve out of the 15 had histopathological lesions consistent with their clinical signs. Thirteen horses with no history of neurological dysfunction and no histopathological evidence of cervical spinal cord or brainstem disease were used as controls. The laryngeal adductory responses exhibited by all horses were filmed and later scored independently by 3 assessors. The proportion of animals diagnosed with cervical spinal cord and/or brainstem disease, defined by histopathological criteria, was found to be statistically similar to the proportion with abnormal 'slap test' responses, using the McNemar chi-Square test. Despite statistical significance between proportions, sensitivity of the 'slap test' was low, 50% for the left side on both days and 58% for the right side. Specificity was higher, 69% (Day 1) and 75% (Day 2) for the left side and 75% (Day 1) and 69% (Day 2) for the right side. In contrast to this, conventional neurological examination was found to be 100% sensitive and 81% specific in the detection of lesions of histopathological significance in the cervical spinal cord/caudal brainstem. Agreement between scores for the 'slap test' from the same assessor on different days was good, with values for kappa of 0.59 to 0.85. In contrast, agreement between assessors on the 'slap test' score was poor, with kappa 0.35.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Factors associated with breast cancer clinical trials participation and enrollment at a large academic medical center

Purpose The practice patterns of medical oncologists at a large National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center in Detroit, MI were evaluated to better understand factors associated with accrual to breast cancer clinical trials. Patients and Methods From 1996 to 1997, physicians completed surveys on 319 of 344 newly evaluated female breast cancer patients. The 19-item survey included clinical data, whether patients were offered clinical trial (CT) participation and enrollment, and when applicable, reasons why they were not. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression were performed to evaluate predictors of an offer and enrollment. Results The patients were 57% white, 32% black, and 11% other/unknown race. One hundred six (33%) were offered participation and 36 (34%) were enrolled. In multivariate analysis, CTs were less likely offered to older women (mean age, 52 years for those offered v 57 years for those not offered; P = .0005) and black women (21% of blacks offered v 42% of whites; P = .000...
Neurologic diagnosis and treatment in patients with computed tomography and nasal endoscopy negative facial pain.

Objective: To determine the helpfulness of specialist neurology referral for patients with facial pain, a normal sinus computed tomography (CT) scan, and normal nasal endoscopy findings. Study Design: Prospective identification of patients and analysis of data approved by the Institutional Review Board. Methods: The data of 104 consecutive patients presenting with facial pain, a normal sinus CT scan, and normal nasal endoscopy findings were reviewed. The patients presented to a single rhinologist in a tertiary care institution. All patients were referred for specialist neurologic evaluation and potential treatment. Further information was obtained from a patient survey. Results: Of the 104 patients, 81 were women and 23 were men. The average age was 46 years (range, 22–85). Fifty-six had clear CT scans, 48 had minimal change, and all had negative endoscopies. Twenty-nine had previous unsuccessful sinus surgery. The average follow-up period was 10.5 months. Forty of 75 patients seeing a neurologist were seen on multiple occasions. Four percent of patients seen by a neurologist had an unsuspected serious intracranial diagnosis. The most common diagnoses were migraine (37%), rebound headache (17%), chronic daily headache (17%), and obstructive sleep apnea (16%). Overall, 58% improved on medical therapy; 60% of those with a clear CT scan improved, and 53% of those with minimal change on CT scan improved (P = .749). Conclusions: Facial pain remains a difficult symptom to diagnose and treat in rhinologic practice. Patients often undergo surgery without help. Most patients with facial pain, a normal sinus CT scan, and normal endoscopy findings benefit from neurologic consultation. Serious intracranial pathologic conditions can be excluded and diagnosis-specific pharmacogenetic therapy instituted with improvement in more than 50%.
Grounding word learning in space.

Humans and objects, and thus social interactions about objects, exist within space. Words direct listeners' attention to specific regions of space. Thus, a strong correspondence exists between where one looks, one's bodily orientation, and what one sees. This leads to further correspondence with what one remembers. Here, we present data suggesting that children use associations between space and objects and space and words to link words and objects—space binds labels to their referents. We tested this claim in four experiments, showing that the spatial consistency of where objects are presented affects children's word learning. Next, we demonstrate that a process model that grounds word learning in the known neural dynamics of spatial attention, spatial memory, and associative learning can capture the suite of results reported here. This model also predicts that space is special, a prediction supported in a fifth experiment that shows children do not use color as a cue to bind words and objects. In a final experiment, we ask whether spatial consistency affects word learning in naturalistic word learning contexts. Children of parents who spontaneously keep objects in a consistent spatial location during naming interactions learn words more effectively. Together, the model and data show that space is a powerful tool that can effectively ground word learning in social contexts.
Extensive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following a dose increase in eltrombopag in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A 55-year-old female with a history of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) presented in the spring of 2012 to the emergency department (ED) with a 1-day history of severegeneralizedheadache,nausea,andvomiting.Adiagnosis
Effect of a kinin antagonist on the acute antihypertensive activity of enalaprilat in severe hypertension

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of kinins in the acute antihypertensive effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) enalaprilat in rats with severe hypertension induced by aortic ligation between both renal arteries. For this study, we used a bradykinin analogue, D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DPhe-Thi-Arg-TFA, with in vivo antagonistic properties. Hypertensive rats were infused intra-aortically for 15 minutes with either saline (30 microliters/min) or the kinin antagonist (40 micrograms/kg/min). Five minutes after the infusion was begun, a bolus injection of enalaprilat (60 micrograms/kg) was given. The blood pressure of the saline-infused animals decreased 48 +/- 6 mm Hg (from 180 +/- 7 to 132 +/- 7 mm Hg), while that of the rats treated with the antagonist decreased only 21 +/- 4 mm Hg (from 175 +/- 3 to 154 +/- 3 mm Hg). The difference between both decrements was significant (p less than 0.01). In another group of hypertensive animals (n = 9), we measured kinin concentration in plasma from arterial blood before and after administration of CEI (41 +/- 10 vs 68 +/- 20 pg/ml, respectively; NS). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that kinins play a role in the acute antihypertensive effect of CEIs in rats with severe hypertension. However, since arterial blood kinin concentrations were not increased significantly after CEI administration, the effect of the CEI may be due to an increase in tissue kinins, which could act as autacoids regulating vascular resistance.
Are magnetite spherules capable of carrying stable magnetizations

To determine if magnetite spherules extracted from ancient carbonate rocks can carry ancient remanent magnetizations, electron microscope observations and magnetic data have been obtained for more than 100 individual spherules extracted from the Jurassic Twin Creek limestone, Wyoming, and the Mississippian Leadville limestone, Colorado. Two categories of surface textures (smooth and patterned) correlate with different hysteresis parameters. Spherules with patterned surfaces (Group A) have ratios of saturation remanent magnetization to saturation magnetization (Msr/Ms) 3. Most spherules with smooth surfaces (Group B) have 0.1 < Msr/Ms < 0.3 and Hcr/Hc< 3. The patterned surfaces consist of (1) parallel dendritic nets with units ≈ 1 μm wide, (2) platelets with widths of 1 to 3 μm, (3) mosaic surface units with diameters between 2 and 5 μm; each of these surface elements consists of a single crystal, as verified by selected-area electron diffraction patterns showing sharp spots, whereas the spherules as a whole show multicrystalline patterns by X-ray diffraction. The Msr/Ms and Hc values of group A increase with decrease in grain size; these Group A magnetite spherules are undoubtedly multi-domain in character and are unlikely to carry stable ancient remanences. The smooth-surfaced Group B spherules are not very abundant (< 8% of the entire population) and have pseudo-single-domain (PSD) or multi-domain (MD) magnetic properties; they may carry ancient remanences, although we infer that single-domain (SD), non-spherical, submicrometer magnetite is the principal carrier of remanence in most carbonates.
Performance-Based Selection of Likelihood Models for Phylogeny Estimation

Phylogenetic estimation has largely come to rely on explicitly model-based methods. This approach requires that a model be chosen and that that choice be justified. To date, justification has largely been accomplished through use of likelihood-ratio tests (LRTs) to assess the relative fit of a nested series of reversible models. While this approach certainly represents an important advance over arbitrary model selection, the best fit of a series of models may not always provide the most reliable phylogenetic estimates for finite real data sets, where all available models are surely incorrect. Here, we develop a novel approach to model selection, which is based on the Bayesian information criterion, but incorporates relative branch-length error as a performance measure in a decision theory (DT) framework. This DT method includes a penalty for overfitting, is applicable prior to running extensive analyses, and simultaneously compares all models being considered and thus does not rely on a series of pairwise comparisons of models to traverse model space. We evaluate this method by examining four real data sets and by using those data sets to define simulation conditions. In the real data sets, the DT method selects the same or simpler models than conventional LRTs. In order to lend generality to the simulations, codon-based models (with parameters estimated from the real data sets) were used to generate simulated data sets, which are therefore more complex than any of the models we evaluate. On average, the DT method selects models that are simpler than those chosen by conventional LRTs. Nevertheless, these simpler models provide estimates of branch lengths that are more accurate both in terms of relative error and absolute error than those derived using the more complex (yet still wrong) models chosen by conventional LRTs. This method is available in a program called DT-ModSel. (Bayesian model selection; decision theory; incorrect models; likelihood ratio test; maximum likelihood; nucleotide-substitution model; phylogeny.)
Incorporating balanced accountability in a clinical ethics fellowship program.

As the emerging profession of clinical ethics continues to reflect on important questions such as attestation, certification, and accreditation (Magill 2013), Weise and Daly (2014) provide the oppo...
Cigarette smoking and trisomy 21 at amniocentesis.

Several studies raise the possibility that smoking during pregnancy is associated with a slightly decreased odds of trisomy 21 at birth. If it is, associations may reflect decreased incidence at conception, increased intrauterine loss (at one or several times in gestation), or both. Women ( n = 13,729) undergoing prenatal diagnosis completed a questionnaire before learning karyotype results. For each women with a trisomy, up to 4 controls with chromosomally normal pregnancies, matched for age and hospital, were selected. Analyses drew on the 89 trisomy 21-control matched m-tuples in which diagnosis was by amniocentesis at 14-26 weeks. We compared the odds of smoking at last menstrual period and in the past in cases and controls. The odds of current smoking versus never smoking were decreased [adjusted odds ratio = 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-1.6]; and the odds of exsmoking increased (adjusted odds ratio = 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.4) in trisomy 21 cases. The association with current smoking was essentially unchanged when the unexposed reference group was defined as exsmokers and women who never smoked (adjusted odds ratio = 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.4). These results for current smoking agree well with a summary estimate based on combined studies of births. One interpretation is that at amniocentesis, as has been reported for births, current smoking is associated with a slightly decreased odds of trisomy 21. If associations at amniocentesis and birth are of equal magnitude, the explanation that observations at birth reflect increased loss in the second half of pregnancy with current smoking is unlikely to be correct. However, the present amniocentesis evidence supports this interpretation weakly and is insufficient to rule out the null hypothesis that smoking is unrelated to trisomy 21. © 1993 Wiley-Liss. Inc.
Theory of fermion systems with attractive interactions: exact solution of the bcs reduced hamiltonian

A Barden-Cooper-Schrieffer type of reduced Hamiltonian, with an arbitrary pairing interaction is studied with the help of the method of temperature-dependent Green’s functions. The equations are solved by expansion in powers ofN−1, whereN is the number of particles, and elements of a proof are given that these equations possess at most three classes of solutions : the normal solution in which all correlations are absent (to order unity), a solution which requires in addition two particle correlations and corresponds to that of BCS, and a solution in which all correlations must be retained. Only the BCS case is treated in this paper. A new derivation of the complete thermodynamics is given. By considering the perturbation by an external field, one is led to the underlying matrix structure of the theory.
Exploring forecasting and project management characteristics of supply chain management

Effective forecasting with the framework of Supply Chain Management (SCM) requires precise and decisive strategic leadership supportive of the roles of such tools. Traditionally, SCM was mainly a task of logistics, confined to supply chain or purchasing managers. Essential questions were sought within the empirical portions of this study: What is the perception of SCM amongst top management? How is SCM linked to corporate strategy and corporate objectives? Surveys were sent to various manufacturing companies in the Pittsburgh, PA region, resulting in 117 completed surveys, measuring business tendencies and practices in regards to SCM, forecasting, and production and supply constraints. Via Principal- Components Analysis (PCA) and factor analyses, several hypotheses were tested verifying these relationships into constructs generated by theoretical constructs from the literature review. Forecasting, a key and sometimes- overlooked component of SCM, was found to be a significant factor in the overall effectiveness of strategic planning.
Synthesis of Ether Lipids and Phosphatidylethanolamine by Ejaculated Human Spermatozoa

Ether lipids are the 1-O-alkyl derivatives of phospholipids. In contrast to nongerminal tissues where the plasma membrane content of ether lipids is low, over 40% of the phospholipids present in sperm plasma membranes are ether lipids. This study was undertaken to determine whether ejaculated human serm could synthesize ether lipids either through reacylation of 1-alkyl-sn-2-lysophosphatidylcholine or through direct incorporation of 1-hexadecanol into diacyl phosphatidylcholine or diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine. The ability of sperm to reacylate 1-acyl-sn-2-lysophosphatidylethanolamine was also assessed. In these experiments, freshly ejaculated sperm were unable to reacylate a phosphocholine lyso ether lipid with either palmitic (16:0) or docosahexaenoic (22:6) acids. In contrast, sperm readily incorporated both 16:0 and 22:6 into 1-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Similarly, sperm freely incorporated 1-hexadecanol into diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine thus forming a 1-alkyl phosphoethanolamine ether lipid. Diacyl phosphatidylcholine could not serve as a substrate in this reaction. It is apparent, based on these data, that human spermatozoa can directly synthesize phosphoethanolamine ether lipids that may subsequently undergo exhaustive methylation to form phosphocholine ether lipids.
Vasopressin peptide (DDAVP) may narrow the focus of attention in normal elderly

Administration of DDAVP (1 desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin), a form of vasopressin with little pressor action, has been shown to improve cognitive performance in the elderly. It remains unclear whether memory processes are specifically influenced or more general processes are altered. Fifteen elderly subjects performed a central mental arithmetic task and a peripheral choice reaction time task in DDAVP and control conditions. DDAVP slowed reaction times to peripheral lights but did not alter arithmetic performance. The results suggest that DDAVP increases the proportion of attention allocated to primary task performance by decreasing attention to secondary tasks. This shift does not appear to be mediated by any action of DDAVP on peripheral cardiovascular function.
Selected Characteristics of American Indian Substance Abusers

Previous research on American Indian drug abuse has focused on descriptive, epidemiological studies of youth. There exists a paucity of information concerning adult use, patterns of use, and treatment approaches. Data on characteristics of 71 adult American Indians in an urban treatment program are reported, including patterns of use and cultural implications of use. The study results discuss the tendency for introduction to drugs in the street setting and patterns of combination drug use.
An Integrated Micro-Analytical System for Complex Vapor Mixtures

A micro gas chromatograph (muGC) capable of quantitatively analyzing the components of complex vapor mixtures at trace concentrations is described. The muGC features a micro- preconcentrator/focuser (muPCF), dual-column pressure- and temperature-programmed separation module, and an integrated array of nanoparticle-coated chemiresistors. The latest design modifications and performance data are presented. Highlights include a 4-min separation of a 30-component mixture with a 3-m DRIE Si/glass microcolumn, a 14-sec separation of an 11-component mixture on a 25-cm microcolumn, a complete multi-vapor analysis from a hybrid microsystem that combines analytical, rf- wireless, and microcontroller modules, and a rapid analysis driven by a 4-stage peristaltic micropump.
Agriculture and Water Quality: A Climate-Integrated Perspective

Agricultural water pollution remains a serious problem that has not been mitigated on a nationwide scale despite four decades or more of effort. It has also been an intractable problem, in part due to the longstanding policy impasse about whether the best approach to the problem is to regulate farming practices more rigorously or to continue to encourage farmers to minimize their environmental impacts through education, public funding, and other voluntary programs.Climate change is likely to exacerbate the water quality effects of a range of agricultural practices and to increase other associated environmental problems as well. At the same time, climate change is likely to hurt U.S. agriculture itself, in ways both related to and entirely independent of environmental issues.As unsettling as those dual realizations may be, if we integrate the two issues, they provide an interesting opportunity to reframe the agricultural water pollution problem in a way that brings about an alignment of — rather than a conflict between — traditional agricultural and environmental interests. Some of the same strategies that will help farmers to withstand the production challenges presented by climate change, such as better pest management techniques, simultaneously could reduce the water pollution effects of those activities. Accordingly, reframing the agricultural water pollution issue from a climate-integrated perspective may increase our chance of finding viable solutions and overcoming the longstanding policy impasse in this area.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of n-Butanal Self-Condensation over Ti Species Supported on Silica

The effects of the coordination environment and connectivity of Ti on the rate of n-butanal self-condensation over Ti-silica catalysts were investigated. Ti was introduced in two ways, either durin...
Death cause classification and influencing factors tuberculosis patients in Songjiang district

[Objective] To investigate the recent and long-term development of tuberculosis in patient and the influencing factors of fatality rate.[Methods] Historical cohort,history review,cause of death information query and questionnaire survey were used to investigate TB treatment outcome,population and characteristics of social economy,influence factors and so on,and calculated for independent death risk factors using the Cox logistic regression multivariate model.[Results] With two to six years of follow-up,the total mortality of patients with tuberculosis was 16.0%,and the average age of death was 70.9 years,mortality directly from tuberculosis was 3.5%,which was 21.9% of the total deaths.Age,sputum smear-positiveness,haemoptysis were risk factors for early death.[Conclusion] TB control work should be cooperated with clinical department.Factors with TB such as age,haemoptysis,sputum smear-positiveness especially the risk of death must be concerned for patients within a year after tuberculosis diagnosis so as to improve survival rate.
Ventures in Rebuilding: The Role of Entrepreneurship in the Post-Disaster Context

Disasters radically change people's lives and an area's economic environment. Some people lose their sources of income while simultaneously facing huge expenditures to make their homes habitable again. Others lose parts of their customer bases as people decide to leave the disaster-stricken area. In such situations, policy makers must decide which policies are most likely to help people rebuild their lives and the area's infrastructure and economy. The best option for policy makers is to unleash the forces of entrepreneurship. Because entrepreneurs have better incentives than government officials do to identify problems and provide solutions, the more chaotic a society is, the more it needs entrepreneurs to put it back on track. While post-disaster communities present institutional and policy challenges, the ingenuity of entrepreneurs can make a significant difference in whether a disaster-stricken area rebounds or stagnates.
Effects of ethanol on amino acid transport in basolateral liver plasma membrane vesicles.

Ethanol has been reported to inhibit hepatocellular processes such as gluconeogenesis and protein synthesis that depend, in part, on amino acid uptake. Since previous studies in cultured hepatocytes indicate that ethanol may have a direct and selective inhibitory effect on amino acid transport, the effects of ethanol on amino acid uptake into basolateral (sinusoidal) rat liver plasma membrane (blLPM) vesicles were examined. Uptake of [3H]alanine, [3H]leucine, and [35S]cysteine was measured by a rapid Millipore filtration technique in the presence of inwardly directed Na+ and K+ gradients and under tetramethylammonium (TMA+)- and Na+-equilibrated conditions. Ethanol preincubation produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of Na+-dependent alanine and cysteine uptake; no effect was observed on either Na+-independent alanine and cysteine uptake or Na+-independent leucine transport. Ethanol had no effect on L-alanine transport under Na+-equilibrated conditions; however, initial rates of 22Na flux were enha...
Laser Applications In Ossicular Surgery

Lasers have been used in otologic work in animals since 1965, and refinement of laser systems and techniques have led to their application to humans since 1979. A review of presently available otologic lasers is included along with current applications, results, and complications concerning the direction of future expansion of laser usage. This article focuses on the lasers and power settings that are optimal in middle ear surgical applications.
Communicating climate science: Components of engaging the agricultural audience

The agricultural sector relies on climate information to formulate management decisions which hedge against environmental risks. How this scientific information is communicated by climatologists to the agricultural audience is investigated. It is necessary to not only provide data, but also frame the message as relevant to agriculture, encompassing risk management.
Autoimmune Arthritides, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, or Peripheral Spondyloarthritis Following Lyme Disease

Objective To describe systemic autoimmune joint diseases that develop following Lyme disease, and to compare their clinical features with those of Lyme arthritis (LA). Methods We reviewed records of all adult patients referred to our LA clinic over a 13-year period, in whom we had diagnosed a systemic autoimmune joint disease following Lyme disease. For comparison, records of patients enrolled in our LA cohort over the most recent 2-year period were analyzed. Levels of IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi and to 3 Lyme disease–associated autoantigens were measured. Results We identified 30 patients who had developed a new-onset systemic autoimmune joint disorder a median of 4 months after Lyme disease (usually manifested by erythema migrans [EM]). Fifteen had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 13 had psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and 2 had peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA). The 30 patients typically had polyarthritis, and those with PsA or SpA often had previous psoriasis, axial involvement, or enthesitis. In the comparison group of 43 patients with LA, the usual clinical picture was monoarticular knee arthritis, without prior EM. Most of the patients with systemic autoimmune joint disorders were positive for B burgdorferi IgG antibodies, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but had significantly lower titers and lower frequencies of Lyme disease–associated autoantibodies than patients with LA. Prior to our evaluation, these patients had often received additional antibiotics for presumed LA, without benefit. We prescribed antiinflammatory agents, most commonly disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, resulting in improvement. Conclusion Systemic autoimmune joint diseases (i.e., RA, PsA, SpA) may follow Lyme disease. Development of polyarthritis after antibiotic-treated EM, previous psoriasis, or low-titer B burgdorferi antibodies may provide insight into the correct diagnosis.
Charles White’s J’Accuse and the Limits of Universal Blackness

African American artist Charles White grounded his aesthetic practice in radical left politics and the belief that the representation of black people communicated a universal mandate of freedom. This essay explores how White’s faith in a cosmopolitan politicized aesthetic was formed, deployed, and ultimately challenged leading up to his 1966 exhibition at the Heritage Gallery in Los Angeles.
Modeling growth, coalescence, and stability of helium precipitates on patterned interfaces

We develop a phase field simulation to model morphology evolution of helium (He) precipitates on solid-state interfaces. Our approach accounts for differences in precipitate contact angles arising from location-dependent interface energies and is capable of describing precipitate growth, coalescence, and de-wetting from the interface. We demonstrate our approach for interfaces with linear chains of wettable patches and find that different wetting energies and patch spacings give rise to four distinct classes of helium precipitate morphologies. Our method may be adapted to other scenarios involving fluids precipitating on non-uniform solid-state interfaces as well as to precipitation on patterned surfaces.
A23 What can HD learn from the development of dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera®) for multiple sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which the myelin sheaths that protect axons of neurons and are critical for rapid signal transduction become damaged due to attack by autoreactive immune components such as T and B cells, myeloid cells, autoantibodies and complement. Demyelination leads to impaired neuronal signal transduction, increased oxidative stress, and increased potential for axonal damage and neuronal degeneration. MS most frequently presents in relapsing-remitting forms (RRMS) with isolated attacks followed by periods of recovery and remyelination. Approximately 50% of RRMS cases convert over time to a secondary progressive form of MS in which neurological disability does not recover, and approximately 10% of MS patients can display a primary progressive form of MS with minimal clinical relapses and steady accumulation of disability and neuronal loss. Disease-modifying treatments for MS have been developed primarily to control the immune-mediated attacks of RRMS, in part because these aspects of MS are adequately modelled by current rodent models such as EAE. Approved MS treatments include agents to block cell trafficking into the CNS, cell ablation by antibodies or anti-proliferative drugs, and therapeutics which modify T cell responses. A potentially different mechanism is attributed to delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF), also known as gastric-resistant DMF, which is marketed under the brand name Tecfidera ® for treating relapsing MS in the US, and in the EU, Australia, and other countries. During development, DMF has been hypothesised to work through multiple potential mechanisms including increased energetics, anti-inflammatory activities, and more recently, as stimulating transcription of endogenous antioxidant and cytoprotective genes through activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the development of DMF and our current understanding of its therapeutic actions, and discuss potential challenges and pitfalls of developing neuroprotective agents for neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington’s disease.
From the “Feebleminded Offender” to the “Sexual Psychopath”

In 1907, Clifford Beers, an ex-asylum patient, published a memoir, A Mind That Found Itself, in which he called for treatment reforms in mental institutions (Grob Grob in The Mad Among Us: A History of the Care of America’s Mentally Ill. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, p. 152. 1994.)
Psychiatric Residency Identity Crisis: Resolution Through Group Process

A time-limited group process experience for the purpose of expediting the natural course of group process in a first-year resident group facilitates group cohesion for learning purposes, accelerates the role-identity as psychiatrist, and assists the residency training director in enhancing each individual resident’s learning according to his learning deficit and psychological need. A faculty advisor resists the role of therapist, and follows the group process experience with didactic material. The experience resolved some regression and transference and did not encourage the residents to become patients by continuing as a therapy or sensitivity group. The group briefly explored the dynamics of adolescent rebellion and a desire to divide the faculty while supporting each other with such problems as providing psychotherapy, becoming a member of a treatment team, and so on. Afterward residents became cotherapists in treatment groups. Advantages of this approach are discussed.
Indexicality in Esthetic Signs and the Art of Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Recent discussions of portraiture have stressed the fact that the goal of a portrait is not so much iconicity or mimesis, for in that case a full-length mugshot would be superior, but rather in “rendering present” the subject for the viewer. Wendy Steiner, in her article on the semiotics of this genre, has suggested that this “rendering” is due to the indexicality, rather than the iconicity, of the sign.1
Impact of HIV Counseling and Testing on HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men: The South Beach Health Survey

The impact of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk-taking and related behaviors reported by HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) was examined in a cross-sectional study conducted among a representative sample of residents living in a resort area. Participants provided specimens of oral mucosal transudate for HIV-antibody testing, were interviewed in their homes, and completed a self-administered questionnaire. Specimens were tested by modified ELISA and, if repeatedly positive, confirmed by Western blot. Of 205 men enrolled, 51 (24.9%) tested positive for antibody to HIV. All 51 had been counseled and tested for antibody to HIV-1 (median = 4 tests); 37 (74%) of 50 reported that their most recent test was positive. Twenty (39.2%) said they had engaged in unprotected insertive anal intercourse in the past year; 15 (29.4%) engaged in unprotected insertive anal intercourse with partners who may have been susceptible to HIV infection. Men who reported that their last HIV-antibody test was positive were three times more likely to have engaged in unprotected insertive anal intercourse in the past year (45.9%) as those who did not know they were infected with HIV (15.4%). Counseling and testing is ineffective as a measure for promoting behavior change among HIV-positive MSM in South Beach. More effective social and behavioral interventions must be developed, implemented, and evaluated.
Waldenfels’ Responsive Phenomenology of the Alien: An Introduction

Merleau-Ponty has famously said of phenomenological reflection that it “steps back to watch the forms of transcendence fly up like sparks from a fire; it slackens the intentional threads which attach us to the world and thus brings them to our notice” (1962, p. xiii) Bernhard Waldenfels, whose notion of responsivity forms the focus of this reflective review, studied under MerleauPonty at the College de France in the early 1960s. Waldenfels has characterized his own work as “a further development of the existential-structural phenomenology in Merleau-Ponty’s sense” (1997, p. xvii). At the same time, Waldenfels diverges in fundamental ways from Merleau-Ponty and thus from a number of phenomenological doxa. For example, he characterizes his own “responsive phenomenology” as an
Chromophoric Water-Soluble Tetrakis(4-Carboxyphenylazo)-calix[4]arene: Binding of Arylammonium Ions and Benzene

The interaction of water-solubletetrakis(4-carboxyphenylazo)calix[4]arene with N,N,N trimethylarylammoniumiodides and benzene was investigated in order to correlate the effect ofanilinium salts on the binding properties of the cup-shaped hydrophobiccavity with the monolayer spreading behavior of a series of amphiphilicanalogs. Whereas multiple binding is observed for N,N,N-trimethylaniliniumiodide and benzene, NMR titration oftetrakis(4-carboxyphenylazo)calix[4]arene withN,N,N-trimethyl-N-(2-naphthyl)ammonium iodide indicates 2 : 1 complexationwithin the cavity of the calixarene with binding constants of K1 = 8024 M-1and K2 = 3134 M-1.
A Review of Fluoroscopic Image-Intensifier Artifacts and the Next Generation of Isocentric C-Arm Imaging.

The term parallax has been largely misused when referring to distortion of C-arm fluoroscopy by distinct artifacts, namely, pincushion distortion and S distortion artifacts.A thorough understanding of the inner workings of an image intensifier allows a surgeon to recognize intraoperative imaging tha
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships

The ultimate goal of the medicinal chemist is to discover a molecule which will produce a desired biological effect without producing undesirable biological effects. This extremely difficult assignment can, at the present state of art in drug design, only be approached. For example, a compound that lowers the blood pressure may have an adverse affect on the central nervous system. It is doubtful that the ultimate goal will be reached with perfection. We may be forced to be content with certain compromises in view of the complexity of the biological systems and individual variations. On a more positive note, however, quantitative-structure activity relationships (QSAR) can be used to select molecules having high probability of success as useful drugs [1]. Since there are astronomically large numbers of molecules to choose from in a synthetic program, any methodology which increases the odds of success is worth investigating [2]. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the methods currently used in drug design and to propose a combined approach which may become as commonly utilized in drug design as mass spectrometry is used in organic chemistry.