cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An arrhythmia, presumably caused by A-V nodal parasystole.

Abstract Tracings obtained from a patient with active rheumatic fever are analyzed. They reveal a rare type of arrhythmia interpreted as being due to A-V nodal parasystole. Other possibilities of interpretation are discussed.
Origin of the Mesoamerican 260-Day Calendar

The sacred 260-day Mesoamerican calendar probably originated near a latitude of 15 degrees N, where there is a 260-day interval between transits of the zenithal sun. Archeological and faunal evidence favors an origin in the Pacific lowlands rather than in the highlands near Copan, Honduras, although Copan, which is located at the 15th parallel of latitude, later became the principal Mayan astronomical center.
Sweat analysis proficiency testing for cystic fibrosis.

The purpose of this report is to describe the College of American Pathologists sweat testing (SW) proficiency testing program for cystic fibrosis, to evaluate its impact on test performance, and to describe the current practice of sweat testing in North America. The study analyzed participant summary reports of the SW survey from 1994-1998 (SW 94-98) and Proficiency Testing Exception Summary reports from 1996-1998. The data collected from SW 94-98 allowed for the assessment of trends and/or changes in sweat testing practices. The data collected from SW-A 1998 provided a profile of current practices in sweat testing. While the overall performance on the SW survey is encouraging, the program has identified areas of concern. The number of poorly performing laboratories are few in number, yet if the reported results had been patient specimens, the clinical implications would have been significant. The SW survey is meeting its goal of providing feedback to institutions on their performance of sweat analysis and providing educational materials on the total testing process in an effort to improve the quality of sweat testing. Significant changes in practice have occurred in many institutions performing sweat tests, and a greater awareness of analyte identification has resulted.
Alkoxy-, alkylthio-, and (organylseleno)dialkylarsines

Abstract Organoarsenic derivatives of the type R 2 As X R′ (X =O, S, Se) have been prepared by the reaction ofdialkyl(diethylamino)arsines with alcohols, thiols and selenols. The yields in these reactions are quantitative.By-products, which were formed in most of the previously reportedsyntheses of these compounds, were not observed. The dialkyl(diethylamino)arsines were synthesized fromdichloro(diethyl-amino)arsine and Grignard reagents in 30–50%yields. The dichloro(diethylamino)arsine was obtained from arsenictrichloride and diethylamine in 80–90% yield. The interesting features of the NMR and IR spectra of these compoundsare presented and discussed.
Central and renal hemodynamic effects of a new agonist at peripheral dopamine- and beta-2 adrenoreceptors (dopexamine) in patients with heart failure.

Abstract The effect of dopexamine, a new dopamine analogue, on central and renal hemodynamics was evaluated in nine patients with chronic, congestive heart failure caused by severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. The administration of the maximally tolerated dose (7.2 ± 4 μg/kg/min) resulted in a significant increase in cardiac index from 1.9 ± 0.4 L/min/m 2 to 2.6 ± 0.9 L/min/m 2 ( p p 2 to 27 ± 11 ml/m 2 , p not significant) in spite of a significant fall in systemic vascular resistance from 1992 ± 717 dynes · sec · cm −5 to 1361 ± 524 dynes · sec · cm −5 ( p p p not significant). During the administration of dopexamine one patient had an acute myocardial infarction presumably caused by tachycardia-related increased myocardial oxygen demand. This study demonstrates significant arterial vasodilatory and positive chronotropic effects of dopexamine in patients with heart failure. However, despite a substantial reduction in LV outflow resistance, only small changes were noted in stroke volume and stroke work index, suggesting failure of dopexamine to substantially alter LV systolic function. Despite previously documented renal dopaminergic effect, dopexamine did not increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate in most patients.
Rolling through tumblr: characterizing behavioral patterns of the microblogging platform

Tumblr, a microblogging platform and social media website, has been gaining popularity over the past few years. Despite its success, little has been studied on the human behavior and interaction on this platform. This is important as it sheds light on the driving force behind Tumblr's growth. In this work, we present a quantitative study of Tumblr based on the complete data coverage for four consecutive months consisting of 23.2 million users and 10.2 billion posts. We first explore various attributes of users, posts, and tags in detail and extract behavioral patterns based on the user generated content. We then construct a massive reblog network based on the primary user interactions on Tumblr and present findings on analyzing its topological structure and properties. Finally, we show substantial results on providing location-specific usage patterns from Tumblr, despite no built-in support for geo-tagging or user location functionality. Essentially this is done by conducting a large-scale user alignment with a different social media platform (e.g., Twitter) and subsequently propagating geo-information across platforms. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to carry out large-scale measurement-driven analysis on Tumblr.
Workplace violence in libraries

Libraries are usually thought of as havens of quiet. In fact, however, they have a long history of encounters with disturbed and potentially violent patrons. Surveys the history and incidence of workplace violence generally and then focuses on violence and inappropriate behaviour in libraries in particular. Demonstrates that virtually all instances came from users rather than from staff. Provides an analysis of different types of public and publicly‐owned buildings and highlights the specific features of public access that render staff more vulnerable. Also highlights the dilemma between the ethos of public service, on the one hand, and the need for both security and discipline, on the other. Provides suggestions as to how this balance can be achieved.
The impact of vendorship legislation and interprofessional competition in the market for social workers' services☆

The results of this article suggest that, in the short run, vendorship legislation will not result in a large shift of social workers from organized settings into private practice. However, vendorship legislation appears to increase the number of social workers in private practice in areas that have not attracted as many psychiatrists. Thus, vendorship may have a favorable impact on the geographic distribution of mental health providers. Vendorship legislation may result in increases in private practice social workers in underserved areas. The results also suggest that social workers and psychiatrists compete in the market for mental health services. In counties with higher psychiatrist-to-population ratios, fees for social workers' services are lower. Further, in counties with higher psychiatrist-to-population ratios, the number of social workers in private practice decreased after vendorship. Finally, there is a large range of optimal practice size for social workers. Social workers with 20 or more clients per month can provide mental health services at the lowest average cost per client. Thus social workers operating either full-time or part-time practices with more than 20 clients per month can provide mental health services efficiently.
The contrived transient-explicit method for solving steady-state flows: application to a rotating, recirculating flow

Abstract A method is described for solving steady-state fluid flow and heat transfer problems which are governed by elliptic-type differential equations. A contrived transient version of the steady-state problem is constructed by appending time derivatives to all the participating equations, regardless of whether or not such terms have physical reality. Each time derivative is multiplied by a fictive diffusivity coefficient which is varied during the course of an explicit marching procedure in order to achieve rapid, stable convergence to the steady state. The solution method is applied to a three-component laminar flow in a cylindrical enclosure having one rotating wall and coolant throughflow. Recirculation patterns are set up in the enclosure due to the shearing action of the throughflow and to the rotation of the disk. The surface heat transfer is found to decrease as the Reynolds number of the throughflow increases.
Two functions on Sp(g,R)

Abstract We consider two functions on Sp ( g , R ) with values in the cyclic group of order four { ± 1 , ± i } . One was defined by Lion and Vergne. The other is −i raised to the power given by an integer valued function defined by Masbaum and the author (initially on the mapping class group of a surface). We identify these functions when restricted to Sp ( g , Z ) . We conjecture the identity of these functions on Sp ( g , R ) .
Equilibrium Structure and Folding of a Helix-Forming Peptide: Circular Dichroism Measurements and Replica-Exchange Molecular Dynamics Simulations

We have performed experimental measurements and computer simulations of the equilibrium structure and folding of a 21-residue a-helical heteropeptide. Far ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopy is used to identify the presence of helical structure and to measure the thermal unfolding curve. The observed melting temperature is 296 K, with a folding enthalpy of � 11.6 kcal/mol and entropy of � 39.6 cal/(mol K). Our simulations involve 45 ns of replica-exchange molecular dynamics of the peptide, using eight replicas at temperatures between 280 and 450 K, and the program CHARMM with a continuum solvent model. In a 30-ns simulation started from a helical structure, conformational equilibrium at all temperatures was reached after 15 ns. This simulation was used to calculate the peptide melting curve, predicting a folding transition with a melting temperature in the 330-350 K range, enthalpy change of � 10 kcal/mol, and entropy change of � 30 cal/(mol K). The simulation results were also used to analyze the peptide structural fluctuations and the free-energy surface of helix unfolding. In a separate 15-ns replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulation started from the extended structure, the helical conformation was first attained after ;2.8 ns, and equilibrium was reached after 10 ns of simulation. These results showed a sequential folding process with a systematic increase in the number of hydrogen bonds until the helical state is reached, and confirmed that the a-helical state is the global free-energy minimum for the peptide at low temperatures.
A Postcolonial Approach to Urban Studies: Interviews, Mental Maps, and Photo Voices on the Urban Farms of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

To examine a postcolonial approach to urban experience is to inquire about how cities and people operate beyond the structures and analytical frameworks that have emerged from Western urban theory. Much of the emerging research in the field is looking for ways to valorize the myriad efforts that residents put forth to live and thrive in the city. Many methodological approaches, however, are still directed by the researcher, who determines the data-collection activities and the guidelines by which they are carried out. Using a case study of urban farmers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, this article is an effort to articulate a postcolonial methodology where the research and data collection methods were designed to give voice to the people marginalized by narrow definitions of the city, who are often seen as victims rather than as active agents constructing their own lives. This approach reveals the very real and tangible experiences and relationships that constitute daily life for the urban farmers of Dar es S...
Frequencies and spatial patterns of white hypovirulent and pigmented strains of Cryphonectria parasitica within blight-controlled cankers on grafted American chestnut trees 15–16 years after inoculation

The frequencies and spatial patterns of white and pigmented strains of Cryphonectria parasitica were investigated within cankers in a zone on grafted American chestnut trees inoculated with white (European) and pigmented hypovirulent strains (H-inoculated zone) 15–16 years earlier. Six 7 × 7 lattice plots (each 17.8 × 17.8 cm) were established on cankers in the H-inoculated zone of the grafts. Assays of 49 bark cores per lattice indicated that 35.3% of 306 C. parasitica isolates recovered from the six lattice plots were white. The white isolates had a random pattern, potentially favorable to biocontrol, within the highly superficial cankers, based on join-count statistics of the six lattice plots. Pigmented isolates dominated the C. parasitica population, and virulence trials on American chestnut sprouts indicated 36% of the pigmented isolates from the H-inoculated zone were hypovirulent and 27% were virulent. Most (84.3%) pigmented isolates in a bark core could not be converted to the white phenotype in vitro by white isolates in the same bark core. Five of six lattice plots had a random pattern of pigmented isolates, based on join-count statistics. The sixth lattice plot was composed of an aggregate of 36 lattice cells (area = 232 cm2) containing 12 pigmented vegetative compatability (vc) groups of C. parasitica, which were interwoven in the lattice as a mosaic of thread-like forms, blocks, or ‘islands’ 32 cm2 or less in area for each vc group. Hypotheses are advanced to explain why virulent pigmented strains persist in blight-controlled cankers of the H-inoculated zone but do not kill the vascular cambium.
Maximum-likelihood joint channel estimation and data detection for space time block coded MIMO systems

This paper considers an exact maximum likelihood (ML) joint channel estimation and data detection problem for orthogonal space time block coded (OSTBC) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. We propose an efficient algorithm which achieves exact ML blind data detection even for non-constant-modulus constellations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm which efficiently achieves exact ML blind detection for OSTBC MIMO systems with non-constant-modulus constellations. Simulation results validate the performance and the complexity improvements our scheme compare with that of LS channel estimation and data detection scheme.
The effect of single doses of radiation on mouse spinal cord

Abstract We have used a mouse model to study spinal cord injury following single doses (12 to 75 Gy) of radiation. The spinal cord (T 9,10 -L 4,5 ) of C 3 Hf/Sed//Kam mice was irradiated and response graded using four levels of neurological change. Findings were: (a) the doses required to paralyze 50% of animals (ED 50 ) were 19.79, 20.77, and 21.85 Gy for mild, partial, and complete paralysis, respectively, as measured 200–360 days after radiation. (b) Most damage was progressive but it was not necessarily so; after doses up to 28 Gy recovery was occasionally seen. (c) Latency depended on the dose and the level of damage. Following doses around the ED 50 , paralysis occurred between 180 to 300 days. (d) There were significant fluctuations in the dose-latency relationship at doses less than 35 Gy. Latency may be not a reliable endpoint to compare biological effects of radiation in this dose range. (e) The radiosensitivity of mouse spinal cord was similar to that reported for rats. (f) Histologically, demyelination was the dominant lesion in the paralyzed animals. We conclude that the mouse is a good animal model to study radiation damage to the spinal cord, at least when a 2.2 cm length is irradiated.
Occipitocervical dissociative injuries: common in blunt trauma fatalities and better detected with objective computed tomography-based measurements.

Abstract Background context Occipitocervical injuries (OCIs) are generally not common in blunt trauma victims, but autopsy studies of blunt trauma fatalities consistently report a high prevalence of these injuries. New computed tomography (CT)-based quantitative criteria have recently been developed for use in assessing the occipitocervical spine. The efficacy of these new criteria for detecting OCI would be supported if the high prevalence of OCI in blunt trauma fatalities can also be detected using these objective CT-based criteria. Purpose To test the hypothesis that the prevalence of OCI in blunt trauma fatalities, determined using objective CT-based measurements and reliable reference data, will be similar to the prevalence reported in prior autopsy studies. Study design/setting Retrospective assessment of the CT examinations of blunt trauma fatalities at a Level 1 trauma center. Patient sample Seventy-four consecutive patients who died within 21 days of blunt trauma and had a CT examination of the cervical spine. Outcome measures Quantitative measurements from CT examinations of the occiput–C1 and C1–C2 levels. Methods Measurements were made on a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) from the CT images that were originally used for diagnosis and also using imaging software that allowed for precisely reoriented slices that correct for variations in the alignment of the upper cervical spine. The prevalence of abnormal measurements found by each method and the interobserver reliability of the measurements were assessed. Results At least one abnormal measurement was found in 50% of cases based on measurements made on the PACS, and in 34% of cases using measurements from carefully reoriented images. At least three abnormal measurements were found in 22% and 14% of patients, respectively. Only one of the patients had been diagnosed as having an OCI before death. Interobserver reliability measurements of more than 80% were found for most measurements. Conclusions Using precise CT-based measurements and reliable reference data for diagnosis of occipitocervical dissociative injuries, the prevalence of injuries in severely injured blunt trauma patients was close to the levels reported in prior autopsy studies (approximately 30%). This supports that with careful measurements, both soft- and hard-tissue OCI can be detected by CT. This study is limited by the fact that a gold standard was not available to confirm the injuries.
Olfactory Ensheathing Glia: Their Application to Spinal Cord Regeneration and Remyelination Strategies

Grafts of peripheral nerves or peripheral nervous system (PNS) Schwann cells were among the first successful strategies applied to promote regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). However, glial cells of the PNS and CNS (Schwann cells and astrocytes, respectively) establish borders where they meet, preventing functional reconnection between regenerating axons and CNS targets. Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) are cells that share characteristics with both Schwann cells and astrocytes and support the growth of olfactory nerve axons into the CNS throughout life. Application of these cells to promote regeneration and remyelination in the spinal cord is reviewed.
Effects of rearing temperature on cuticle permeability and epicuticular lipid composition in Drosophila pseudoobscura

The effects of larval and pupal thermal regime on adult transcuticular water loss rates and epicuticular hydrocarbon composition in Drosophila pseudoobscura were determined. Temperatures encountered by the larval stage had no effect, but flies emerging from pupae maintained at 24°C exhibited significantly lower cuticular permeabilities than those emerging from pupae maintained at 17°C. More than 50% of the variance in cuticular permeability was accounted for by variation in the proportion of n-pentacosadiene in the epicuticular hydrocarbons. High transcuticular water loss rates were correlated with higher proportions of relatively short-chain, methyl-branched alkanes and alkadienes. High proportions of longer chain lengths of both branched alkanes and alkadienes were associated with lower cuticular permeabilities. The molecular basis for these findings is discussed.
Weigh-in-Motion Data Quality Assurance Based on 3-S2 Steering Axle Load Analysis

An innovative method is offered for conducting the quality assurance of weigh-in-motion (WIM) data by analyzing the variation in the measurements of five-axle semitrailer (3-S2) truck steering-axle loads. Confidence-interval limits for those measurements are established on the basis of their historic mean static loads adjusted for the effect of air resistance and their combined variation from two sources, the variation within a fleet of 3-S2 trucks and the variation due to axle dynamics at a WIM site. The first variation was determined by analyzing historic 3-S2 load data obtained by FHWA using static scales. The second variation was established through dynamic vehicle simulations of a "typical" 3-S2 truck using vehicle model VESYM and the roughness profile at a particular WIM site. The method was tested with data from four WIM systems in the state of Washington, two bending-plate systems and two piezoelectric systems. The proposed method resulted in clear indications of the performance of the scale versu...
Effects of short-term ozone exposure on lung mitochondrial oxidative and energy metabolism.

Ozone effects on lung mitochondrial oxidative metabolism were examined after short-term exposure of rats and monkeys to O3. Exposure of animals to 2 ppm O3 for 8 hr or to 4 ppm O3 for 4 hr caused a 15–27% (P < 0.05) depression of lung mitochondrial O2 consumption, using 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and glycerol-1-phosphate. but not ascorbate plus Wurster's blue as substrates. Under these exposure conditions (4 ppm 4 hr) the ADP:O ratios dropped 25–36% (P < 0.05) and the respiratory control indices decreased 27–33% (P < 0.02) for oxidation of all substrates examined. Lung mitochondria from control animals were relatively impermeable to added NADH, but those from O3-exposed animals showed an increased permeability as judged from NADH oxidation at a rate 3-fold higher than the control. Likewise, added cytochrome c caused a 22% (P < 0.01) stimulation of succinate oxidation in exposed lung mitochondria as against 5% (nonsignificant) in controls. Ozone exposure also caused a 20% (P < 0.01) oxidation of thiol groups in lung mitochondria, but no lipid peroxidation products were detectable in O3-exposed lung tissue. The depression of substrate utilization, coupled phosphorylation and respiratory control observed in lung mitochondria of O3-exposed animals might be related to alteration of membrane permeability, and inhibition of respiratory enzymes (dehydrogenases) due to oxidation of functional thiol groups.
Light scattering of bovine serum albumin solutions: Extension of the hard particle model to allow for electrostatic repulsion

The light scattering of bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been measured at protein concentration up to 90 g/L and at pH values between 4.4 and 7.6. The dependence of scattering on both protein concentration and pH may be quantitatively accounted for by a simple extension of the hard-sphere model for protein solutions [Ross, P. D. & Minton, A. P. (1977) J. Mol. Biol.112, 437–452] allowing for electrostatic repulsions between molecules. According to the extended model, the radius of the effective hard spherical particle representing BSA varies with the net electrical charge of the BSA molecule in a manner which may be calculated from electrostatic theory.
State Strategies to Reduce the Number of Uninsured Children

We present a local and state phased approach for expanding coverage and improving the health care system for children. During the first phase, state regulatory reforms can be instituted to enhance the ability of Medicaid and State Child Health Insurance Plan (SCHIP) programs to provide measurable, high-quality clinical care that is patient-centered, safe, effective, timely, and efficient. The second phase can implement regulatory and legislative reforms that build program awareness in the community and streamline the enrollment process to maximize the enrollment of eligible uninsured children into a state's Medicaid/SCHIP program. The third phase involves a legislative expansion of income eligibility for SCHIP together with state-financed programs for legal immigrant children and foreign national children. The fourth phase considers legislative reforms to make family coverage more affordable to slow the erosion of employer-sponsored family insurance coverage, especially in small businesses.
Thyroid control over biomembranes. IV. Rat heart muscle mitochondria.

Mitochondria obtained from the myocardia of hypothyroid rats, as compared with those from normal euthyroid rats, show the following abnormalities: a three-times greater activation energy of energy-linked respiration (State 3 and 4, but not uncoupled respiration) at temperatures between 37 o and 21°C, with absolute rates lower only below about 34°C; and phospholipids that contain less oleic acid (18:1) and more linoleic acid (18:2), with the ratio of arachidonic: linoleic acid decreased. Total unsaturation is unchanged. Injecting a hypothyroid rat once with 0.25 μg of l -tri-iodothyronine per g corrects the thermal responses of respiration and the 18:1 content progressively over 3 days, but introduces new abnormalities: a decrease in respiratory control at 32°C, and in the fatty acid unsaturation index. However, one injection of l -thyroxone, 0.5 μg.g −1 , almost completely corrects temperature responses in 3 days without changing 18:1 content, opening the possibility that other mitochondrial components besides fatty acids are involved.
Hypoxic effects on the expression of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in human renal cortex epithelial cells.

The effects of both mild and severe hypoxic conditions on the expression of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the primary human renal cortex epithelial cells (RCEC) were investigated. Slot blot analyses were performed with human β-actin cDNA and the cDNA probes for unique regions of MR and GR. The steady-state mRNA level of the house-keeping β-actin gene remains the same in RCEC under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. However, there was a 45% reduction in MR expression and a 30% increase in GR expression, under mild hypoxic condition (15% O2) over 3 days. Furthermore, cells subjected to a severe hypoxic condition (0.5% O2) for 24 hours exerted a 22% reduction in MR expression and a 64% increase in GR expression. Changes in MR and GR expression may, in part, explain the physiological changes in adrenal cortical function observed in hypoxic conditions.
Comparison of the performance of four measure–correlate–predict algorithms

Abstract Measure–correlate–predict (MCP) algorithms are used to predict the wind resource at target sites for wind power development. This paper describes some of the MCP approaches found in the literature and then compares the performance of four of them, using a common set of data from a variety of sites (complex terrain, coastal, offshore). The algorithms that are compared include a linear regression model, a model using distributions of ratios of the wind speeds at the two sites, a vector regression method, and a method based on the ratio of the standard deviations of the two data sets. The MCP algorithms are compared using a set of performance metrics that are consistent with the ultimate goals of the MCP process. The six different metrics characterize the estimation of (1) the correct mean wind speed, (2) the correct wind speed distribution, (3) the correct annual energy production at the target site, assuming a sample wind turbine power curve, and (4) the correct wind direction distribution. The results indicate that the method using the ratio of the standard deviations of the two data sets and the model that uses the distribution of ratios of the wind speeds at the two sites work the best. The linear regression model and the vector regression model give biased estimates of a number of the metrics, due to the characteristics of linear regression.
“ROOT‐PRESSURE”—AN UNAPPRECIATED FORCE IN SAP MOVEMENT

THE LONG and tortuous history of our knowledgeor better our observations and theories on the movement of sap in plants is familiar to most botanists. From the time of Stephen Hales, 200 years ago, up to the middle of the 19th century, the movement of water through the plant was supposed to be brought about primarily through the activity of living cells, either by the agency of unidentified tissues of root and stem, as Hales believed (1727), or the medullary rays, as suggested by Knight (1801). The " drawing power" of the leaves was recognized by both Hales and Knight, but, since it was well known that a suction pump would not lift water higher than about 30 feet, this was considered of secondary importance. Beginning about 1860, along with the rise of mechanistic theories in other fields, evidence began to accumulate which indicated that living cells might not be necessary for the rise of sap. This changing viewpoint found strong support in Molisch's demonstration (1902) of the traumatic nature of many of the bleeding phenomena upon which Hales' vital theory rested and finally culminated in the development of the Dixon-Askenazy cohesion theory of sap movement (Dixon and Joly, 1895; Askenazy, 1895). This theory, which takes account of the enormous suctions developed at evaporating leaf surfaces and of the fact that in capillary tubes water possesses a great tensile strength capable of transmitting these suctions through a plant stem to the soil, seemed to deal with forces more nearly commensurate with the needs of tall trees than had those demonstrated by Hales and his successors. The result was that most plant physiologists completely abandoned the vital theories in favor of the mechanical ones. In spite of the objections of Priestley (1935), Ursprung (1906), Heyl (1933), and others, that is approximately where the situation rests today. The cohesion theory certainly has some very serious flaws which are rather well outlined in Priestley's paper of two years ago (1935). It has been accepted not so much because of its freedom from objections as because of the inadequacy of all other theories. The only real contender-Hales' old " root-pressure " scheme-was rejected, first because pressures greater than the 1.4 atmospheres recorded by Hales himself had not been observed, and second because all demonstrations of root-pressure rested on experiments with decapitated and moribund plants subject to Molisch's criticism. Water must be raised in some Eucalyptus trees to a height of 350 feet, requiring either a push or a pull of at least 13 atmospheres. The maximum root-pressures observed were only of a magnitude of
Dynamic response of elastic plates on viscoelastic foundations to moving loads

The steady-state response of an inifinite plate strip on a foundation of Kelvin material to a moving harmonic line load is presented. The line of application of the load is perpendicular to the infinite edges of the plate, and the load moves parallel to the edges at constant speed. The equations of motion for the plate are those of Mindlin, and they are solved by the integral transform technique. The uniqueness and existence of the physically reasonable solution for any speed of the moving load are discussed. The transient response of the same plate, but with semi-infinite length, is formulated as a mixed initial-boundary value problem. A numerical solution by the method of characteristics is proposed. The propagation of stress discontinuities along wave fronts is also investigated.
Structure of the retinoid X receptor alpha DNA binding domain: a helix required for homodimeric DNA binding

The three-dimensional solution structure of the DNA binding domain (DBD) of the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The two zinc fingers of the RXR DBD fold to form a single structural domain that consists of two perpendicularly oriented helices and that resembles the corresponding regions of the glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors (GR and ER, respectively). However, in contrast to the DBDs of the GR and ER, the RXR DBD contains an additional helix immediately after the second zinc finger. This third helix mediates both protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions required for cooperative, dimeric binding of the RXR DBD to DNA. Identification of the third helix in the RXR DBD thus defines a structural feature required for selective dimerization of the RXR on hormone response elements composed of half-sites (5'-AGGTCA-3') arranged as tandem repeats.
Behavior of Erythrocytes in Various Solvent Systems V: Water-Liquid Amides

Hemolytic behavior of human erythrocytes in water-amide solutions was investigated. Complete hemolysis of erythrocytes occurred in all formamide, DMF, DMA, DEA, and DEF solutions. Sodium chloride was effective in preventing complete hemolysis in solutions containing up to 10% formamide, 20% DMF, 20% DMA, 8% DEA, and 0.2% DEF. The addition of sodium chloride to solutions containing more than the above concentrations of amide did not prevent hemolysis, discoloration, and/or precipitation of human red blood cells. The addition of isotonic phosphate buffer (pH 7) to solutions increased the critical concentration at which the amide solutions damaged red cells. When possible, the data were used to calculate van't Hoff i values for sodium chloride in the various amide solutions.
“Drones” and the future of domestic aviation [Point of View]

It is important to acknowledge and address the legitimate challenges that will accompany the growth of domestic unmanned aviation, including privacy and airspace safety. But it is also important not to let those challenges mask the many benefits that unmanned aviation will provide. In the coming years, unmanned aircraft will help save lives after natural disasters. They will help search-and-rescue teams find lost hikers and allow police forces that cannot afford manned helicopters to obtain vital, potentially lifesaving overhead imagery during hostage standoffs. When used safely and in a manner respecting privacy, domestic UAS can become important tools for private citizens, firefighters, scientists, news reporters, filmmakers, and others to more effectively observe the world around them. More broadly, the 21st century will, in many ways, be the century of robotics, and unmanned aircraft will be an important part of that story. A strong robotics industry-and thus a strong unmanned aircraft industry- will be an essential ingredient to economic competitiveness.
Revisiting security administration in the classroom: A decade later

Gabbidon examined perceptions of students in a security administration class, asking reasons for taking the course, knowledge regarding the security field, career objectives and whether they considered working in the security field. He later asked whether their interest in working in the security field had decreased, increased or remained the same; whether their respect for the field decreased, increased or remained the same; and how they would rate the course in comparison to other criminal justice courses they had taken. This research was modified and replicated approximately 10 years later to determine differences in perceptions of security administration by contemporary criminal justice students. A small percentage (4 per cent) of the respondents reported their career objective was private security. Three in four (76 per cent) considered working in security, and most (93 per cent) reported an appreciable increase in respect for the security profession. A majority (80 per cent) rated the course as more interesting than other criminal justice courses they had taken. This article was developed from a paper presented at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences.
Clustering algorithms to obtain regions of interest: a comparative study

In parallel with our studies on human eye movements, we have investigated image processing algorithms that predict where human eyes fixate. These loci of fixations, traditionally named Regions-of-Interest, ROIs, are strategically important both for computer applications and for cognitive studies of human visual processing. A very important aspect of our methodology, beyond the specific image processing algorithms used, is how to select from a large initial set of candidates, usually local maxima in the processed image, a final set of few ROIs. In this paper we analyze this latter aspect, proposing and comparing different clustering procedures and study how different procedures may affect the fidelity of comparisons with human selected ROIs.
Birth Order and Need for Cognition in Marketing Entrepreneurship

Sutnmary.-Many researchers hdve profled he typical entrepreneur as being firstborn. The present study inve,r~gfited possible relationships between birth order and need for cognition scores as one rcason for over-representation of firstborns among entrepreneurs. "Birth order" is rank by age among one's brothers and sisters. "Need for cognition" is the tendency to enjoy thinlung and engage in it. Analysis of variance of responses from 33 female and 45 male university students indicated no staristically significant association between birth order and need for cognition scores. Implications for research and marketing to entrepreneurs are discussed.
Cortical contusion injury disrupts olfactory bulb neurogenesis in adult mice

Background Experimental brain trauma activates quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) to increase neuronal progenitor cell proliferation in the adult rodent brain. Previous studies have shown focal brain contusion in the form of a unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) stimulates NSCs to bilaterally increase neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus.
Injection molding process monitoring using a self-energized dual-parameter sensor

Abstract On-line monitoring of polymer melt state is critical to ensuring part quality in injection molding. This paper presents a novel, dual-parameter sensing method for simultaneous measurement of pressure and temperature variations within the mold cavity through a modulator circuit. Pressure variation during the molding cycle, which is proportional to the electrical charge output of a piezoceramic stack, is discretized into acoustic pulses that are subsequently frequency-modulated by a temperature-sensitive oscillator (TSO). The ability to measure two parameters using one sensor package without batteries and cables for data transmission provides a new platform for monitoring injection molding processes.
Propagation of hydromagnetic waves through an anisotropic plasma

Alfven, fast and slow magnetoacoustic and entropy hydromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic collisionless magnetoplasma
Conversational gaze aversion for humanlike robots

Gaze aversion—the intentional redirection away from the face of an interlocutor—is an important nonverbal cue that serves a number of conversational functions, including signaling cognitive effort, regulating a conversation’s intimacy level, and managing the conversational floor. In prior work, we developed a model of how gaze aversions are employed in conversation to perform these functions. In this paper, we extend the model to apply to conversational robots, enabling them to achieve some of these functions in conversations with people. We present a system that addresses the challenges of adapting human gaze aversion movements to a robot with very different affordances, such as a lack of articulated eyes. This system, implemented on the NAO platform, autonomously generates and combines three distinct types of robot head movements with different purposes: face-tracking movements to engage in mutual gaze, idle head motion to increase lifelikeness, and purposeful gaze aversions to achieve conversational functions. The results of a human-robot interaction study with 30 participants show that gaze aversions implemented with our approach are perceived as intentional, and robots can use gaze aversions to appear more thoughtful and effectively manage the conversational floor.Categories and Subject DescriptorsH.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems —human factors, software psychology; H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces — evaluation/ methodology, usercentered design
Empirical models of the performance tradeoffs in induction machines

The focus of this research is to investigate the tradeoffs between mass, efficiency, and cost of commercially available induction machines (IMs). To support this effort, data from large number of IMs is used to establish Pareto-optimal fronts between efficiency and mass and efficiency and cost. From the Pareto-optimal fronts, relatively straightforward models are formulated for the mass versus efficiency and cost versus efficiency of IMs. Parameters of the models are obtained using a genetic algorithm (GA).
Interaction of dextroamphetamine sulfate with spray‐dried lactose

By using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the ethanolmediated interaction between dextroamphetamine sulfate and spray-dried lactose in solid-solid mixtures was studied. Discoloration of the powder mixtures was accelerated by the presence of the amine and by storage at elevated temperatures. Two new absorption maxima were observed in the reflectance spectra of heated samples. One at 340 nm. was attributed to the chemisorption of the amine molecules on the surface of the sugar, while a second appeared at 295 nm. and was attributed to the interaction between amine molecules and the sugar. The brown material from the discolored samples was identified as dextroamphetamine-hydroxymethylfurfural, and the mechanism of the browning reaction was postulated. The rate of browning was determined by plotting remission function versus time at 295 nm. for mixtures of dextroamphetamine sulfate and spray-dried lactose at three temperatures. Arrhenius-type plots were also obtained and were used to approximate the browning rate at 25°.
Synthetic biology: Bacteria collaborate to sense arsenic

A method developed to allow rapid communication between bacterial cells across long distances enables the cells to detect arsenic collectively, and to report it as an oscillatory output. See Article p.39 The first synthetic biological oscillators, networks of transcriptional regulators designed to perform a single function, were developed just over a decade ago. Recently it became possible to synchronize a colony of such oscillators coupled through bacterial quorum sensing, but this was limited to short-range synchrony. Now, by combining two synergistic modes of communication — generation of hydrogen peroxide vapour and redox signalling — Jeff Hasty and colleagues have synchronized extremely large populations (around 50 million cells) of Escherichia coli bacteria distributed in quorum-sensing colonies, or biopixels, spread across centimetres. This array was used to build an LCD-like macroscopic clock capable of sensing the presence of arsenic through modulation of the oscillatory period. With further development, biopixel colonies of this type might form the basis of low-cost genetic biosensors capable of detecting heavy metals and pathogens.
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of progesterone on the release of pituitary ovulating hormone in the rabbit.

A study of the effects of progesterone on ovulation in the rabbit reveals that the steroid at first facilitates and subsequently inhibits the release of pituitary ovulating hormone. Forty estrous or estrogen-primed female rabbits were treated with 2 ing. progesterone in oil subcutaneously and subjected within 1–4 hours to glass-rod stimulation of the vagina; 11 of them ovulated as compared with only 2⁄30 controls. Mating or intravenous copper acetate, within 4 hours after injection of progesterone, stimulated ovulation in all of 10 estrous rabbits. A few progesterone-treated females ovulated “spontaneously.” The facilitation appeared to depend on synergism of progesterone with estrogen; 10 anestrous animals failed to respond to progesterone and vaginal stimulation by ovulating. Twenty-four hours after treatment with progesterone, 21 initially estrous or estrogen-primed rabbits were allowed to mate; only 14 would permit copulation and 10 of these failed to ovulate. None of 10 estrogen-progesterone-treated ...
Structure, function, and protein taxonomy

This paper considers two recent arguments that structure should not be regarded as the fundamental individuating property of proteins. By clarifying both what it might mean for certain properties to play a fundamental role in a classification scheme and the extent to which structure plays such a role in protein classification, I argue that both arguments are unsound. Because of its robustness, its importance in laboratory practice, and its explanatory centrality, primary structure should be regarded as the fundamental distinguishing characteristic of protein taxonomy.
Incorporation of high molecular weight polynucleotides by isolated mitochondria.

Apparently intact mitochondria from ovaries of Xenopus laevis can incorporate high molecular weight polynucleotides which then serve as templates for polypeptide synthesis on mitochondrial ribosomes.
Large Pauli-blocking and virtual channel effects in proton radiative capture

The photonuclear reaction /sup 11/B(p,..gamma../sub 0/) /sup 12/C is analyzed within a coupled-channels framework based on a continuum shell model formulation. The microscopic description includes realistic shell model density amplitudes, Pauli-blocking effects, and a large number of nucleon + target open and closed (virtual) channels. Both Pauli corrections and virtual channel contributions are found to be sizable for energies spanning the giant dipole resonance and improved, but not detailed, agreement is obtained with experiment. The sensitivity of the theoretical E1 cross section to model interactions is documented and discussed.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Concentrations in Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy and Hyperparathyroidism

Objective To determine whether fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF 23) concentrations are increased in the serum of patients with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and in those with hyperparathyroidism. Patients and Methods Serum samples from patients with hypercalcemia and documented elevations of parathyroid hormone-related protein or parathyroid hormone levels were examined for FGF 23 concentrations. Specimens from healthy age-matched controls were evaluated to establish a reference range for FGF 23. Results Mean ± SEM concentrations of FGF 23 were elevated in the 7 patients with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (385±134 relative unit [RU]/mL) compared with 11 healthy controls (43.9±5.8 RU/mL; P =.005). In the 11 patients with hyperparathyroidism, FGF 23 concentrations were increased (mean ± SEM 86.6±22.8 RU/mL), but the increases were not statistically significant. The increases in FGF 23 in these disorders did not correlate with changes in serum phosphate or 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. Conclusion Levels of FGF 23 are elevated in patients with tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The precise cause of such elevations requires further investigation.
Exo-fluorinated C60F60 has Ih symmetry

Abstract Contrary to a recent suggestion that externally fluorinated C60F60 may posses I rather than Ih symmetry, we report theoretical ab initio evidence favoring an Ih equilibrium structure. However, as with C60H60, we find that the lowest minimum structure contains fluorine atoms inside the C60 cage.
Deceit, Disguise, and Dependence: China, Japan, and the Future of the Tributary System, 1592–1596

(2002). Deceit, Disguise, and Dependence: China, Japan, and the Future of the Tributary System, 1592–1596. The International History Review: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 757-782.