cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and elevated temperature behavior of a spray-atomized and co-deposited Ni3Al/SiC/TiB2 intermetallic matrix composite

Abstract This paper discusses preliminary results on the microstructure and elevated temperature creep rupture behavior of a spray-atomized and co-deposited Ni 3 Al composite reinforced with SiC and TiB 2 particulates. Microstructural studies suggest that SiC reacts extensively with Ni 3 Al, leading to the formation of other carbide phases, e.g. Cr 3 C 2 . A well-defined interfacial reaction zone, consisting of two distinct layers, was observed at the Ni 3 Al/TiB 2 interface. The layer I consisted of a chromium segregated Ni 3 Ti phase and the diffusion of nickel was suggested to be the rate control step in this interfacial reaction. The layer II was a nickel-rich Al 3 Ni-type phase; the formation of it may be related to the decomposition of the TiB 2 and the ensuing diffusion of boron. Regarding the elevated temperature behavior of the hot-extruded materials, the monolithic Ni 3 Al exhibited longer creep rupture lifetimes compared with that for the Ni 3 Al/SiC/TiB 2 intermetallic matrix composite. This behavior was attributed to the formation of cavities around small carbide particles, resulting from the decomposition of SiC particulates.
Role of the Monsoon Gyre in the Interannual Variation of Tropical Cyclone Formation over the Western North Pacific

Abstract The south-southeast periphery of a monsoon gyre in the western North Pacific (WNP) is a favorable region for tropical cyclone/tropical depression (TC/TD) genesis. The TC genesis frequency is interannually modulated by the WNP monsoon circulation in response to a change in tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). These findings from previous studies lead to the hypothesis that the effect of tropical Pacific SST changes on the WNP TC/TD genesis frequency is accomplished through a modulation of the monsoon gyre activity by WNP monsoon circulation variations. The 6-h TC/TD track records and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data for the period of 1979–2002 were analyzed to test this hypothesis. Results show that roughly 70% of WNP TC/TD geneses are linked to monsoon gyres. The interannual variation of these geneses is highly correlated (with a correlation coefficient of 0.89) with that of monsoon gyre activity, which is out-of-phase with the interannual variation of SST over the NOAA Nino-3 region.
A model for elastic–viscoplastic deformations of crystalline solids based on material symmetry: Theory and plane-strain simulations

Abstract A model for the elastic–viscoplastic response of metallic single crystals is developed on the basis of the modern finite-deformation theory of plasticity combined with considerations of material symmetry. This is proposed as an alternative to conventional crystal plasticity theory, based on a decomposition of the plastic deformation rate into a superposition of slips on active slip systems. A simple special case of the general theory, modeling evolving geometrically necessary dislocations and their effect on hardening, is developed and used as the basis of numerical experiments.
Rationale for Designing School Contexts in Support of Proactive Discipline

This introduction to a special issue of the Journal of School Violence briefly describes current challenges in school discipline and its relation to school violence as a rationale for designing prevention-oriented school contexts. School discipline is a critical issue, as disruptive behaviors significantly impact school climate and classroom instruction. Suspension is the most common school discipline response for problem behaviors ranging from mild to severe. However, suspension is ineffective in teaching alternative proactive behaviors, and may have the opposite effect of exacerbating undesirable behaviors. The special issue is intended to advance erudition about the application of suspension versus other discipline strategies in schools. Scholarship about the use of school suspension and viable alternatives (e.g., restorative justice and social cognitive approaches) is presented and critically discussed.
Phase-space reconstruction using input-output time series data

In this paper we suggest that an extension of a procedure recently proposed by Wayland et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 580 (1993)] for recognizing determinism in an autonomous time series can also be used as a diagnostic for determining an appropriate embedding dimension for driven ("input-output") systems. We compare the results of this extension to the results produced by the extensions to the method of false nearest neighbors put forward by Rhodes and Morari [Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Seattle, edited by The American Automatic Control Council (IEEE, Piscataway, 1995)] and the method of averaged false nearest neighbors by Cao et al. [Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos 8, 1491 (1998)].
REM Approach to Conflict Resolution for Couples Therapy

Abstract While much attention has been paid to various models of marital therapy, little training has focused on the actual process of how to de-escalate conflict or decrease conflict within couples therapy. There are specific techniques therapists can use to create safety in the therapy room by managing conflictual sessions constructively. This article is focused on teaching therapists how to manage intense conflict that can emerge in couples therapy.
Transfer of1H and13C dynamic nuclear polarization from immobilized nitroxide radicals to flowing liquids

In this study,1H and13C dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was generated at a magnetic field strength of 0.33 T utilizing silica phase immobilized nitroxide (SPIN) samples. The polarization was subsequently transferred to flowing liquids and monitored at a magnetic field strength of 4.7 T. These solid/liquid intermolecular transfer (SLIT) experiments provide efficient polarization transfer without the necessity of the free radical system present in the monitoring fluid. Specifically, ultimate1H SLIT DNP Overhauser enhancements of −56 and −110 have been observed for benzene and chloroform in the presence of SPIN system 2, respectively.
Low environmental pressure MPD arc tests.

Tests of lithium and ammonia magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) arc thrusters were conducted in the 15-ft-diam, 65-ft-long vacuum tank at NASA Lewis Research Center. The tank pressure was maintained at 3 X 10 ~ torr during lithium performance testing. The thrust efficiency varied from 10% at a specific impulse of 1000 sec to 70% at 5500 sec, in fair agreement with previously published results at three decades higher environmental pressure. The over-all efficiency of the thruster using ammonia propellant was found to improve with increasing mass flow rate and was almost as high as that of the lithium thruster for specific impulse less than 2500 sec. The degree of ionization of the ammonia MPD arc was studied both by spectroscopic means and by estimating the power available for frozen flow losses. At approximately constant specific impulse the degree of ionization, and hence frozen flow Josses, correlated with arc voltage and less strongly with magnetic field. The current distribution of the discharge of an ammonia MPD thruster was studied by means of Rogowski coils. It was found that, under a wide range of conditions, the arc current was concentrated into spokes rotating at a frequency in the hundreds of kilohertz range. Under the conditions studied, the frequency increased with increasing magnetic field or increasing arc current and decreased with increasing propellant flow rate.
Can Community-Based Research Guide Service Learning?

Research on service learning is beginning to show that the academy may be using communities to serve students, rather than engaging students in effectively serving communities. This article begins by documenting the extent of the potential problem and its underlying dimensions. It then goes on to develop an alternative model to guide service learning, building on community development models and community-based research (CBR) practices. Using this alternative model allowed us to create an outcome-oriented service-learning plan, and better monitor its implementation. We then analyze how this model plays out in an ongoing service-learning project. The analysis shows how the model was able to engage stakeholders in designing the project and creating specific, goal-oriented service-learning projects that could be carefully supervised to maximize community outcomes. However, we could not overcome the weakness of service learning imposed by an ill-suited higher education structure and culture.
Cartilage and bone repair: experimental and clinical studies.

[Editor's comments: In accordance with the announced editorial policy of Arthroscopy, we are pleased to present this clear, concise, and beautifully illustrated paper on the response of articular cartilage to injury. Not only is it a review of our past knowledge, but it gives us a glimpse into future possibilities o f stimulating chondrogenesis. 7'his article was prepared at the request o f the editorial office o f Arthroscopy, and we are most grateful to Dr. Julie Glowacki.]
Effect of fluctuations on global analysis of fluid dynamical calculations for high-energy nuclear collisions

Abstract Composite fragment formation, finite particle number, and statistical fluctuations are shown to have important effects on the global analysis of fluid dynamical results for high-energy nuclear collisions.
An assay for carboxypeptidases A and B onpolypeptides from protein

Summary New assays for carboxypeptidase A and carboxypeptidase B were developedusing polypeptides prepared from proteins as substrates. The substrates were prepared by treating casein with either α-chymotrypsin or trypsin and then reductively methylating the amino groups of the resulting mixtures of peptides with NaBH 4 and HCHO. Reductively methylated chymotrypsin-treated casein and reductively methylated trypsin-treated casein were relatively specific substrates for carboxypeptidase A and carboxypeptidase B, respectively. Hydrolysis of COOH-terminal amino acids was quantitatively measured by reaction of newly formed amino groups with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Controls containing the substrates without additions of the carboxypeptidases gave very low blank values with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid because of the unreactivity of this reagent with dimethylamino groups. As little as 0.1 μg of either enzymes was adequate for assay. The pH optima for both enzymes were similar to the optima of these enzymes on dipeptides, but the pH profiles were broader. Carboxypeptidase B did not hydrolyze COOH-terminal e- N,N -dimethyllysines, but it rapidly hydrolyzed COOH-terminal homoarginines.
Pubertal ovarian hormone exposure reduces the number of myelinated axons in the splenium of the rat corpus callosum

The size of the female rat corpus callosum decreases in response to pubertal ovarian hormone exposure, but the underlying changes in axonal composition have not been examined. In the current study, animals underwent ovariectomy or sham surgery at day 20, and the number of myelinated and unmyelinated axons were examined in young adulthood (2 months) using electron microscopy. Ovariectomized animals had a greater number of myelinated axons compared to intact animals, while total axon number was not affected. Ovarian hormone exposure seems to limit the number of axons that become myelinated in the splenium, while not affecting the number of axons crossing through the region.
Bilateral ocular paralysis: analysis of 31 inpatients.

To my knowledge, no general study of complete ophthalmoplegia is available. This study was performed to determine the seats and causes of bilateral ocular paralysis. The personal records of 13 440 neurology and neurosurgery inpatients were reviewed. Eighteen (58%) of 31 patients had Fisher syndrome (13 cases) or Guillain-Barre syndrome (5 cases). Four cases resulted from midbrain infarction, 3 from myasthenia, and 1 each from pituitary apoplexy, skull base metastasis, botulism, mucormycosis, phenytoin toxicity, and trauma. Many conditions produce complete ophthalmoplegia on rare occasions, but Fisher syndrome, which paralyzes the eyes in nearly one third of cases, was by far the commonest cause.
Trajectories of change in dimensions of forgiveness among older adults and their association with religious commitment

Forgiveness is a complex construct with an important role in religious traditions worldwide, and is associated with mental and physical health outcomes. This seven-year longitudinal study examined changes within individuals during, and differences based on birth cohort, in forgiveness during late life. Growth curve analysis was used to analyse the general pattern of change across the course of older adulthood in eight dimensions related to forgiveness. Increases over time were observed in forgiveness of others, conditionality of forgiveness of others, forgiveness of self, feelings of being forgiven by God, and feelings of being forgiven by others. Decreases over time were observed in difficulty forgiving oneself, and perceptions of conditionality in God's forgiveness. Religious commitment was related to reporting more a more forgiving attitude on seven of these dimensions, but also to more perceived conditionality in God's forgiveness. Finally, differences in mean levels of forgiveness emerged between bir...
Climb trails at dislocations in gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd3Ga5O12)

Optical micrographs of the surface of etched (111) wafers of Gd3Ga5O12 (or GGG) have revealed fine lines that emerge from dislocation etch pits. Features of the lines at long dislocations with large edge components, at dislocation loops and spirals, and at helical dislocations, indicate that the lines are formed because the material deposited at the dislocations during climb etches less rapidly than the surrounding GGG. This result is consistent with the suggestion that the climb of dislocations in GGG is promoted by a departure from the ideal chemical composition. Auf lichtmikroskopischen Oberflachenbildern von geatzten (111)-Plattchen aus Gd3Ga5O12 (oder GGG) wurden feine Linien beobachtet, die von Versetzungsatzgrubchen ausgehen. Einzelheiten solcher Linien in der Nahe von langen Stufenversetzungen, Versetzungsringen und Spiralen sowie Helix-Versetzungen deuten darauf hin, das sich diese Linien bilden, weil Material, das an den Versetzungen wahrend des Kletterns abgeschieden wird, langsamer angeatzt wird als das umgebende GGG. Dieses Ergebnis stimmt mit der Vorstellung uberein, das das Klettern von Versetzungen in GGG durch eine Abweichung von der idealen chemischen Zusammensetzung gefordert wird.
Multiple-pattern matching for LZW compressed files

In this paper, we report our work on multiple-pattern matching in LZW compressed files using Aho-Corasick algorithm. The algorithm takes O(mt+n+r) time with O(mt) extra space, where n is the size of the compressed file, m is the total size of all patterns, t is the size of the LZW trie and r is the number of occurrences of the patterns. Extensive experiments have been conducted to test the performance of our algorithms. The results show that our multiple-pattern matching algorithm is practically the fastest among all approaches when the number of patterns is not very large. Therefore, our algorithm is preferable for general string matching applications. The proposed algorithm is efficient for large files and it is particularly efficient when being applied on archival search if the archives are compressed with a common LZW trie.
Deciphering the Golgi Apparatus: From Imaging to Genes

The Golgi apparatus is a vital organelle in eukaryotic cells. It grabs and processes secretory materials synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before sorting them to their destination. The Golgi also receives materials from vacuoles/lysosomes and the plasma membrane for further recycling to other compartments within the cell (1) (Figure 1). Given the vital role of the Golgi in a cell, it is important to understand how this organelle attains and maintains its structural and functional integrity during the intense processes of membrane traffic. Despite an equally central role of the Golgi in membrane traffic in eukaryotes, the organization of this organelle has some unique features in each cell system. Therefore, the wealth of information available on the structure and activity of the Golgi in one system is not always directly transferable to others. However, certain morphological and functional aspects are common among cell systems. Therefore, studying the factors that regulate organelle biogenesis and organization of the Golgi apparatus is important in basic cell biology of eukaryotes and may also contribute to a better understanding of how different cell systems have evolved. In this study, we report on the identification of Golgi mutants in plant cells. We have developed a screen that is a promising strategy not only for the identification of genes responsible for the morphological and functional integrity of the plant Golgi but could also provide fundamental information on other multicellular systems for which the power of forward genetics cannot be exploited as easily as in Arabidopsis.
Urethral anastomotic healing after radical retropubic prostatectomy: Impact of positive urethral margin

Abstract Objectives. To determine the time course of urethral anastomotic healing after radical retropubic prostatectomy and its relationship to a positive margin at the anastomosis, the type of suture used, and the incidence of bladder neck contracture. Methods. In 119 consecutive patients a pericatheterogram was performed at15.5 ± 0.5 days postoperatively. A second pericatheterogram was obtained at 22.3 ± 0.7 days for those anastomoses that were not healed, and a third pericatheterogram at 32.1 ± 2.5 days for the remainder. Maxon sutures were used for 63 anastomoses, Dexon for 14, and chromic catgut for 42. Results. Sixty-five anastomoses (55%) were healed at the first pericatheterogram and 104 (87%) by 22 days. Microscopic tumor at the apical cut end of the prostate was found in 20% of specimens;. the healing period for these patients was 21.0 ± 2.0 days compared with 21.1 ± 0.8 days for those with a negative margin. The healing time for Maxon, Dexon, and chromic catgut was 21.6, 24.6, and 19.5 days, respectively. Of the 108 evaluable patients, in 10 (9.3%) significant bladder neck contracture developed at a mean of 15 weeks; 6 (10.7%) were associated with Maxon anastomoses, 1 with Dexon (8.3%), and 3 (7.5%) with chromic sutures. Five of 10 bladder neck contractures were in 11 patients with previous prostate surgery (45%). Conclusions. The presence of microscopic tumor at the urethral margin did not increase the risk of extravasation. There was no correlation between extravasation and bladder neck contracture, but less extravasation was associated with chromic sutures. Previous transurethral resection appeared to be a risk factor for the development of bladder neck contracture.
Regeneration of ciliary pattern in longitudinal fragments of the hypotrichous ciliate, Stylonychia

Longitudinal fragments of the hypotrichous ciliate Stylonychia were studied at various stages of cortical regeneration by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Analysis showed that (except for the oral primordium) all primordial fields responsible for replacing excised ciliature develop in continuity with existing primordia; i.e., all ciliary primordia are derived from segments originally continuous with the oral primordium. This observation leads to the concept of a single primordial field, a “primordium of the ciliature,” possessing the developmental competence of giving rise to a complete set of ciliary structures. Such a concept implies the operation of a reciprocal intra-cortical communication system; i.e., the developmental manifestations of any individual primordium are determined at least in part by the precise location of morphostatic and/or primordial ciliary structures. An intra-cortical communication system is consistent with the previously proposed “determinative region” (Grimes, '75), the function of which is to serve as the initiation site of a primordium during excystment morphogenesis.
Optical properties of atmospheric aerosols from moments of the particle size distribution

The method of moments is a powerful tool for directly calculating the lower-order moments of an aerosol size distribution without full knowledge of the distribution itself. These moments can be tracked in space and time to represent the effects of nucleation, evaporation and growth, coagulation, and complex flowfield dynamics. This letter applies quadrature methods for efficient estimation of aerosol optical properties directly from a known moment sequence. The approach is demonstrated using particle size distributions obtained from fits to field measurements. Comparison of light-scattering phase functions and other integral optical properties calculated from the moments with those obtained from the full distributions shows that the lower-order moments lead to an efficient and accurate parametrization for these properties.
Spring-loading the active site of cytochrome P450cam

A hydrogen bond network has been identified that adjusts protein-substrate contacts in cytochrome P450cam (CYP101A1). Replacing the native substrate camphor with adamantanone or norcamphor causes perturbations in NMR-detected NH correlations assigned to the network, which includes portions of aβ sheet and an adjacent helix that is remote from the active site. A mutation in this helix reduces enzyme efficiency and perturbs the extent of substrate-induced spin state changes at the haem iron that accompany substrate binding. In turn, the magnitude of the spin state changes induced by alternate substrate binding parallel the NMR-detected perturbations observed near the haem in the enzyme active site.
Dichroism and interpretation of the infrared bands of oriented crystalline polyethylene

Abstract The infrared absorption spectrum of oriented, highly crystalline Marlex 50 polyethylene has been studied with linearly polarized radiation. With the dichroism data as criteria, a rather complete interpretation is given of the spectrum.
ROTATIONAL MOTION OF SQUARE PLANAR COPPER COMPLEXES IN SOLUTION AND PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER MEMBRANES

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehydebis(N,N-dimethylthiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) (CuKTSM2) and copper(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (CuTPP), in paraffin oil at various temperatures, as well as in oriented dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes, at 25 °C, were simulated using the stochastic Liouville equation formalism and a postconvolution method. It has been recognized that because nitrogen hyperfine couplings are nearly isotropic, they can be easily introduced after a simulation that omits ligand nuclear parameters, by convoluting a stick diagram for the nitrogen splitting with the copper spectrum. For the whole range of temperatures studied (from −10 to +120 °C for CuTPP and from −60 to +120 °C for CuKTSM2), the line shapes of ESR spectra for these square planar copper complexes can be accounted for by motion. The ESR spectra of Cu(II) in oriented bilayers are well reproduced for the magnetic field both perpendicular and parallel to the membrane plane. Spectra, fo...
Passive Nonlinear Energy Pumping in Coupled Oscillators: Steady State Results

We study theoretically and numerically the effect that a nonlinear energy sink (NES) has on the steady state dynamics of a weakly coupled system. The NES possesses essentially nonlinear (nonlinearizable) stiffness nonlinearity of the third degree. We find that, in contrast to the classical linear vibration absorber, the NES is capable of absorbing steady state vibration energy from the linear oscillator over a relatively broad frequency range. This results in localization of the steady state vibration in the NES, away from the directly forced subsystem. For a forward frequency sweep the localized branch of steady state motions is suddenly eliminated by a jump to a linearized low-amplitude motion, whereas, for a backward frequency sweep a reverse jump occurs. The difference in the frequencies of the two jumps introduces a nonlinear hysteresis loop. This work extends to the steady state case of earlier transient passive energy pumping results. The notion of passively transferring vibration energy to an a priori determined NES, weakly attached to a main structure, is novel. The use of essentially nonlinear energy sinks for passively absorbing energy from a linear main structure can form the basis of relatively simple and modular vibration and shock isolation designs of mechanical systems.© 2003 ASME
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Near Thin Films on Surfaces

A theory is developed for resonant energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules outside of a solid coated with a thin film. The energy transfer rate is expressed in terms of a second-rank tensor, allowing one to consider all possible orientations of the transition dipole moments of the molecules. The theory of images is employed to construct expressions valid in the near-field approximation. This theory is extended to the full electrodynamic theory valid over all distances. Connections are made between the expressions for the image charges and the Fresnel coefficients from optics. It is found that the energy transfer rates are strongly influenced by surface resonances, including the interfacial surface plasmons and the two-dimensional plasmon of a metallic film. The possibility of the film supporting Fabry–Perot resonator modes is discussed.
Interaction of Airspace Partitions and Traffic Flow Management Delay

To ensure that air traffic demand does not exceed airport and airspace capacities, traffic management restrictions, such as delaying aircraft on the ground, assigning them different routes and metering them in the airspace, are implemented. To reduce the delays resulting from these restrictions, revising the partitioning of airspace has been proposed to distribute capacity to yield a more efficient airspace configuration. The capacity of an airspace partition, commonly referred to as a sector, is limited by the number of flights that an air traffic controller can safely manage within the sector. Where viable, re-partitioning of the airspace distributes the flights over more efficient sectors and reduces individual sector demand. This increases the overall airspace efficiency, but requires additional resources in some sectors in terms of controllers and equipment, which is undesirable. This study examines the tradeoff of the number of sectors designed for a specified amount of traffic in a clear-weather day and the delays needed for accommodating the traffic demand. Results show that most of the delays are caused by airport arrival and departure capacity constraints. Some delays caused by airspace capacity constraints can be eliminated by re-partitioning the airspace. Analyses show that about 360 high-altitude sectors, which are approximately today s operational number of sectors of 373, are adequate for delays to be driven solely by airport capacity constraints for the current daily air traffic demand. For a marginal increase of 15 seconds of average delay, the number of sectors can be reduced to 283. In addition, simulations of traffic growths of 15% and 20% with forecasted airport capacities in the years 2018 and 2025 show that delays will continue to be governed by airport capacities. In clear-weather days, for small increases in traffic demand, increasing sector capacities will have almost no effect on delays.
Factors influencing outcome of prednisone dose reduction in myasthenia gravis

We reviewed retrospectively 114 prednisone dose reduction attempts in 63 myasthenic patients. Dose reduction was considered successful if a patient remained asymptomatic for more than 1 year on no prednisone or a stable low dose of prednisone. Successful dose reduction attempts were more common in patients taking azathioprine, but thymectomy did not influence taper outcome. Slower rate of dose reduction and higher ending dose of prednisone improved the chance of success.
Hole flanging with ironing process of two-ply thick sheet metal

An incremental updated Lagrangian elasto-plastic finite element method(FEM) was employed to analyze the hole-flanging with the ironing of circulate plates using a pre-determined smaller hole at the center of the two-ply sheet metals. An extended rmin technique was employed such that each incremental step size can be determined not only by the yielding of an element Gaussian point, but also by the change under the boundary conditions of penetration, separation, and the alternation of the sliding-sticking state of friction along the tool-sheet interface. Two-ply sheet metals are generally composed of metals that have different mechanical properties. Thus, the forming process of these materials is complicated. A number of experiments and simulations were performed using a conical punch with a cone angle of 45°. The experimental results were compared with FEM-simulated results. It is found that using the elasto-plastic FEM can effectively predict the generation process of the deformed shape until unloading. The calculated sheet geometries and the relationship between punch load and punch travel are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Diagnostic imaging of the canine and feline ear

Radiographic evaluation of the tympanic bulla is limited. Improper obliquity or angulation of the skull for radiographs or malpositioning of the tongue can result in an inadequate study [4]. Additionally, because of the complex anatomy of the canine and feline skull, with superimposition of multiple osseous structures, radiography can result in false-negative examinations or understimation of the disease present [2]. When compared with surgical findings of 19 clinical cases of presumptive middle ear disease, false-negative radiographic findings were found in 25% of the surgically confirmed cases of otitis media [4]. Therefore, radiographs are not considered to be a highly sensitive mode of diagnosing otitis media. Radiographs may be helpful in determining lysis associated with neoplasia; however, the extent of involvement is still underestimated. In a study comparing CT and radiographic evaluation of otitis media, CT was determined to be more sensitive but less specific than radiography [11]. CT is the preferred modality for the evaluation of the tympanic bulla at our institution. This opinion may be biased by the fact that most cases are presented for recurrent or chronic otitis. Although radiography is more accessible, the availability of CT in local referral settings is increasing as opposed to being limited to university settings. After the cost (i.e., anesthesia, radiographs) and amount of time necessary to make optimum radiographic studies are taken into account, a CT study may actually be faster and more informative. Given our preference for the CT examination, the cost of the examination has been adjusted to make it more appealing to the owner and clinician. For example, a bulla CT study is only 1.3 times the cost of a radiographic bulla study. In conclusion, imaging of the ear canal can provide important information about ear disease, including unilateral or bilateral ear disease, the degree of middle or inner ear involvement, peripheral versus central vestibular disease, an infectious or inflammatory versus neoplastic process, the chronicity of the disease process, involvement of adjacent structures, and postsurgical complications.
Social class as a correlate of gender identity among lesbian women

Traditionally, researchers have portrayed “butch” and “femme” identities among lesbian women as gender roles. To complicate matters, rather than ask lesbian women to define butch and femme within the context of their own culture, researchers defined the terms themselves. This study adds to the literature in two ways: (1) lesbian women are asked to define butch and femme on their own terms and (2) social class is considered as a correlate to the formation of butch and femme gender identities. A snowball sample of 235 women participated in the study. Ninety-three percent of the participants are white, 7% are women of color. Social classes, as measured by income and education, are diverse within the sample. Findings indicate that lesbian women define butch and femme differently than have researchers, and that social class is a significant determinant of whether or not a lesbian woman defines herself as butch or femme.
Schwann cell and glial responses in beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile intoxication. I. Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte ingrowths.

In rats continuously exposed to β,β′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) for long periods, numerous Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte ingrowths extending into giant axonal swellings were found. These ingrowths, cytoplasmic processes of the Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes which deeply indented the axon, regularly arose from Schmidt-Lanterman clefts in the internodes. They dissected along an intra-axonal ‘cleavage plane’ which separated the giant axonal swellings into two compartments: an inner central channel of relatively normal axoplasm and an outer ‘axoplasmic pad’ comprised of circularly or spirally-arranged masses of neurofilaments. Multiple ingrowths often arose within a single internode, resulting in nearly complete segregation of the axoplasmic pad from the central channel over long distances. At the interface between the two axoplasmic compartments, internal myelin sheaths were occasionally found. The distinctive ingrowths found in this study appear to represent unusual responses of the Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes to the primary neurofilamentous axonal pathology produced by IDPN.
Proof of a conjecture of Burr, Grünbaum, and Sloane

We establish a duality principle for arrangements of pseudolines in the projective plane, and thereby prove the conjecture of Burr, Grunbaum, and Sloane that the solution of the ''orchard problem'' for pseudoline arrangements and the solution [email protected]?(p) of the dual problem are equal.
A sensitive method for determination of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in human plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Abstract A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method which is capable of measuring 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine at concentrations of 50 n m in human plasma is presented. The method employs tritium-labeled 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine as internal standards. The fluoropyrimidines are removed from plasma by anion-exchange chromatography and are extracted into ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate is evaporated to dryness and 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine are chromatographed on a semipreparative μBondapak C 18 column. The method is specific and sufficiently sensitive to measure the levels of 5-fluorouracil in plasma below 1 μ m as found after intrahepatic or intraperitoneal drug administration.
Separation of natural product sweetening agents using overpressured layer chromatography.

Description d'un protocole de separation d'un certain nombre de composes potentiellement edulcorants extraits de Stevia rebaudiana (glycosides), Polypodium glycyrrhiza (polypodosides) et Lippia dulcis (hernandulcine) et comparaison avec l'hernandulcine de synthese
Performance Measurements and Analysis of Network I/O Applications in Virtualized Cloud

Virtualization is a key technology for cloud based data centers to implement the vision of infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and to promote effective server consolidation and application consolidation. However, current implementation of virtual machine monitor does not provide sufficient performance isolation to guarantee the effectiveness of resource sharing, especially when the applications running on multiple virtual machines of the same physical machine are competing for computing and communication sources. In this paper, we present our performance measurement study of network I/O applications in virtualized cloud. We focus our measurement based analysis on performance impact of co-locating applications in a virtualized cloud in terms of throughput and resource sharing effectiveness, including the impact of idle instances on applications that are running concurrently on the same physical host. Our results show that by strategically co-locating network I/O applications, performance improvement for cloud consumers can be as high as 34%, and the cloud providers can achieve over 40% performance gain.
The Use of 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride as a Test for Antibiotic Substances in Milk

Summary A simple test for detection of inhibitory substances in milk is outlined. The test is based on the conversion of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to formazane. The reaction is characterized by a color change from the leucoform to red in the presence of growing bacterial cells. This conversion is inhibited by antibiotics at low levels of concentration. When S. thermophilus is used as a test organism, penicillin at 0.04 unit, aureomycin at 0.2 γ, terramycin at 0.25 γ, and streptomycin at 4.0 γ per milliliter can be detected in raw milk. The total time for the test is 2½ hours.
Three-dimensional displays and stereo vision

Procedures for three-dimensional image reconstruction that are based on the optical and neural apparatus of human stereoscopic vision have to be designed to work in conjunction with it. The principal methods of implementing stereo displays are described. Properties of the human visual system are outlined as they relate to depth discrimination capabilities and achieving optimal performance in stereo tasks. The concept of depth rendition is introduced to define the change in the parameters of three-dimensional configurations for cases in which the physical disposition of the stereo camera with respect to the viewed object differs from that of the observer's eyes.
Technical and biological variance structure in mRNA-Seq data: life in the real world

mRNA expression data from next generation sequencing platforms is obtained in the form of counts per gene or exon. Counts have classically been assumed to follow a Poisson distribution in which the variance is equal to the mean. The Negative Binomial distribution which allows for over-dispersion, i.e., for the variance to be greater than the mean, is commonly used to model count data as well. In mRNA-Seq data from 25 subjects, we found technical variation to generally follow a Poisson distribution as has been reported previously and biological variability was over-dispersed relative to the Poisson model. The mean-variance relationship across all genes was quadratic, in keeping with a Negative Binomial (NB) distribution. Over-dispersed Poisson and NB distributional assumptions demonstrated marked improvements in goodness-of-fit (GOF) over the standard Poisson model assumptions, but with evidence of over-fitting in some genes. Modeling of experimental effects improved GOF for high variance genes but increased the over-fitting problem. These conclusions will guide development of analytical strategies for accurate modeling of variance structure in these data and sample size determination which in turn will aid in the identification of true biological signals that inform our understanding of biological systems.
New Cases of DHTKD1 Mutations in Patients with 2-Ketoadipic Aciduria

2-Ketoadipic aciduria (OMIM 204750), a defect in the catabolic pathway of tryptophan, lysine, and hydroxylysine, is characterized by elevations in 2-ketoadipic, 2-aminoadipic, and 2-hydroxyadipic acids. Patients with the aforementioned biochemical profile have been described with a wide range of clinical presentations, from early-onset developmental delay, epilepsy, ataxia, and microcephaly to completely normal. This broad range of phenotypes has led some to question whether 2-ketoadipic aciduria represents a true disease state or if the biochemical abnormalities found in these patients merely reflect an ascertainment bias. We present four additional individuals from two families, with 2-ketoadipic aciduria with compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations in DHTKD1, three of which remain asymptomatic.
Dephospho-CoA kinase provides a rapid and sensitive radiochemical assay for coenzyme A and its thioesters

A new approach to determine in vivo pools of coenzyme A (CoA) and short chain acyl-CoA thioesters is reported. The metabolites released by extraction with trichloroacetic acid are recovered and quantitatively dephosphorylated by treatment with shrimp alkaline phosphatase. Following phosphatase removal, the dephosphorylated CoA metabolites are quantitatively rephosphorylated by treatment with [gamma-33P]ATP plus a dephospho-CoA kinase. The resulting radioactive CoA metabolites are then separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and quantitated by scintillation counting. Due to the enzymatic radiophosphorylation, the assay is specific for CoA and its short chain thioesters and is sensitive to sub-picomole levels of these compounds.
The future of smoking cessation therapy in the United States

Six trends that are likely to influence the fixture content, format, delivery and reach of smoking cessation therapy in the United States are discussed: (1) changing characteristics of smokers (e.g. more likely to be poor, have psychiatric co-morbidity and be more nicotine dependent), (2) health care reform demands for cost-effectiveness, (3) development of guidelines/algorithms that recommend stepped-care approaches, (4) continued emphasis on smoking as a form of drug dependence requiring intensive pharmacological and behavior therapy for some smokers, (5) interest in harm-reduction strategies for smokers unable or unwilling to quit (and 6) smoking cessation therapies become reimbursable on par with other drug dependencies.
Measurement Standards For Single-Mode Fibers

Standard measurement procedures for single-mode fibers are reviewed. Various methods are evaluated and agreement accuracy discussed.
Breaking the Matches in a Paired T-Test for Community Interventions When the Number of Pairs is Small

There is considerable interest in community interventions for health promotion, where the community is the experimental unit. Because such interventions are expensive, the number of experimental units (communities) is usually small. Because of the small number of communities involved, investigators often match treatment and control communities on demographic variables before randomization to minimize the possibility of a bad split. Unfortunately, matching has been shown to decrease the power of the design when the number of pairs is small, unless the matching variable is very highly correlated with the outcome variable (in this case, with change in the health behaviour). We used computer simulation to examine the performance of an approach in which we matched communities but performed an unmatched analysis. If the appropriate matching variables are unknown, and there are fewer than ten pairs, an unmatched design and analysis has the most power. If, however, one prefers a matched design, then for N < 10, power can be increased by performing an unmatched analysis of the matched data. We also discuss a variant of this procedure, in which an unmatched analysis is performed only if the matching 'did not work'.
Design and optimization of a fuzzy-rule based hybrid electric vehicle controller

The economical and regulatory pressures place on the automotive industry to develop vehicles with increased fuel efficiency will continue to grow over the coming decade. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) represent a solution which has received a large degree of interest from government, academia, and automotive manufacturers. This paper studies the potential of using a fuzzy logic controller to optimize the control and calibration of a HEV. Competitive control strategies were reviewed and a fuzzy controller was identified as a strong candidate for reducing fuel consumption. A fuzzy controller was developed and implemented in a MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation platform. The controller was calibrated to optimize the fuel efficiency and emissions of a Toyota Prius power-split hybrid. The results were analyzed and compared against reported data from the actual vehicle.
P2P botnet detection using behavior clustering & statistical tests

Botnets are widely believed to be the most serious danger to the Internet. Most recent research on botnet detection focuses on centralized botnets and primarily relies on two assumptions: prior knowledge of potential CC we then propose two detection schemes using formal statistical tests on popular behavior clusters in this network. In brief, we detect C&C behavior by measuring its impact on one or more normal behavior clusters in a statistical way. In the initial evaluations, we validate the assumptions made in this paper under different real user traces from enterprise network environments. We then evaluate the proposed approaches to detect the C&C channel in both simple and realistic cases and achieve encouraging results in terms of high detection and low false positive rates.
The Design and Performance of the jRate Real-Time Java Implementation

Over 90 percent of all microprocessors are now used for real-time and embedded applications. Since the behavior of these applications is often constrained by the physical world, it is important to devise higher-level programming languages and middleware that robustly and productively enforce real-time constraints, as well as meeting conventional functional requirements. This paper provides two contributions to the study of programming languages and middleware for real-time and embedded applications. We first present how we are applying generative programming techniques to develop jRate, which is an open-source ahead-of-time-compiled implementation of the Real-time Specification for Java (RTSJ). The goal of jRate is to provide developers the ability to generate RTSJ implementations that are customized for their needs. We then show performance results of jRate that illustrate how well it performs compared to the TimeSys RTSJ Reference Implementation (RI).
A Golgi study of cell types in the hilar region of the hippocampus in the rat.

The morphology of neurons in the "hilar region" of the hippocampus (fields CA3c and CA4 of Lorente de No, '34) was analyzed with several variants of the Golgi technique. Hippocampi were dissected from the brains of 28-day-old rats, fixed and impregnated by immersion, and sectioned perpendicular to the long axis. Based on the resident cell types, aspects of the neuropil, and published data related to afferent termination, the area under study was divided into four zones. At least 21 cell types were observed throughout these zones, several of which had not previously been described. Many cells in this area exhibited an impressive number and variety of dendritic and axonal appendages, including spines on the proximal portion of some axons. The close apposition of fibers to these axonal spines suggested the possibility of axo-axonal interactions. The influence of dentate granule cells, through their mossy fibers, on the synaptic economy of the "hilar region" was found to be more extensive than previously reported. Mossy fibers appeared to terminate on the dendrites of several types of non-pyramidal cells, which bear no thorny excrescences, by means of thin filiform extensions which emanate from the mossy fiber expansions and by means of thin mossy fiber collaterals which are devoid of typical expansions. Consideration is given to a long-standing debate as to whether the deep "hilar region" (CA4 of Lorente de No, '34, hilus of the fascia dentata of Blackstad, '56) is related more to the hippocampus or to the fascia dentata and it is concluded that the deep hilar region is an area of mergence of the polymorphic zones of these two cortical structures. The results of the present study do not support the proposition that the deep hilar region is an extension of the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus as suggested by Lorente de No ('34), and thus CA4 is a misnomer. Rather, the cells in this area are most closely related to the fascia dentata and should thus be considered to lie in the polymorphic zone of "area dentata" as proposed initially by Blackstad ('56).