cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Protocol to Switch High-Dose, Methadone-Maintained Subjects to Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine (BUP) is an alternative to methadone (METH) maintenance. However, there are few studies on the switching of patients from METH to BUP. Eighteen volunteers who had been maintained on METH for 1-19 years were recruited for a residential cocaine self-administration study. All subjects were maintained on 60 mg METH for up to 1 1/2 weeks before the 7-day changeover (60, 40, 30, 30, 0 mg METH; 4, 8 mg BUP). Fifteen subjects successfully completed the transfer from METH to BUP, experiencing moderate withdrawal symptoms, as measured by the Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS). Withdrawal symptoms were the highest during the first assessment of the day, at the time of BUP administration. SOWS scores returned to baseline 4 days after the switchover. This study demonstrates that within a supportive inpatient setting, research volunteers can be rapidly switched from high-maintenance doses of METH to BUP with an acceptable degree of tolerability.
Relationship of maternal negative moods to child emotion regulation during family interaction

The relationship of maternal hostile and depressive moods to children’s down-regulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was assessed in a community sample of 267 five year old boys and girls. The speed of children’s down-regulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was based on real-time observations during mother-child interaction. The association of down-regulation with maternal mood was estimated using Bayesian event history analysis. As mothers reported higher depressive mood, both boys and girls were faster to down regulate anger displays as those displays accumulated during mother child interaction. The speed of boys’ down regulation of anger and of sadness/fear was not associated with maternal hostile mood. As mothers reported more hostile mood, girls were faster to down regulate displays of sadness/fear, but the speed of this down regulation slowed as those displays accumulated during ongoing mother-child interaction. These associations of child down regulation and maternal mood were observed after controlling for child adjustment. The data suggest frequent exposure to different negative maternal moods affect children’s expression and regulation of emotions in relatively specific ways, conditional on the type of maternal mood, the type of child emotion, and child gender.
Storage Protein Synthesis during Oat(Avena sativa L.)Seed Development

Oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds harvested at 2-day intervals from anthesis to maturity were tested for their ability to incorporate [35S]sulfate into protein. Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into TCA-insoluble material began 2 to 4 days postanthesis (DPA), reached a peak 14 to 16 DPA, and was barely detectable by 24 DPA. Incorporation of label into globulin was parallel to total protein accumulation, and averaged about 85% of the total protein synthesis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total protein extracted from developing seeds indicated that some polypeptides coinciding with the α and β globulin subunits were present 2 to 4 DPA, but the full complement of globulin polypeptides was not present until 10 DPA. Immunoprecipitation of in vivo labeled seed extracts showed that globulin polypeptides and the 59 kilodalton precursor were present at early stages of development (4 DPA). Quantitation of dot blot analysis, using an oat globulin cDNA clone as a probe, indicated that one species of oat globulin mRNA was most abundant 15 DPA, which is during the peak time of storage protein synthesis.
Health and economic effects from linking bedside and outpatient tobacco cessation services for hospitalized smokers in two large hospitals: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background Extended smoking cessation follow-up after hospital discharge significantly increases abstinence. Hospital smoke-free policies create a period of ‘forced abstinence’ for smokers, thus providing an opportunity to integrate tobacco dependence treatment, and to support post-discharge maintenance of hospital-acquired abstinence. This study is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1U01HL1053231).
Demonstration of an analog heterodyne interferometric phase-modulated (HIPM) link

We present results from a proof-of-concept demonstration of a heterodyne interferometric phase-modulated (HIPM) link we have previously proposed and analyzed. The HIPM link uses a novel frequency shifter/phase modulator and a phase discriminator receiver. The experimental HIPM link demonstrated suppression of third-order intermodulation products (IMPs) by as much as 23 dB as compared to a conventional externally modulated AM link, corresponding to an increase in spurious-free dynamic range of 7.7 dB. We compare experimental performance and theoretical predictions, and consider practical implementations of the link. >
“Bath salt” use among a nationally representative sample of high school seniors in the United States

Background and Objectives “Bath salts” are new drugs which have received extensive media attention. However, national studies in the US have not investigated prevalence or correlates of use. Methods Data were examined from Monitoring the Future, a representative sample of US high school seniors (2012–2013, N = 8,604). Results Only 1.1% of high school seniors used “bath salts” in the last year and the strongest correlate of use was use of other drugs. Discussion and Conclusions “Bath salt” use is not very prevalent, but users of other drugs are at highest risk for use. Scientific Significance We must continue to monitor new drugs in order to inform prevention and quickly detect potential epidemics. (Am J Addict 2015;24:488–491)
Modeling development and quantitative trait mapping reveal independent genetic modules for leaf size and shape

Improved predictions of fitness and yield may be obtained by characterizing the genetic controls and environmental dependencies of organismal ontogeny. Elucidating the shape of growth curves may reveal novel genetic controls that single-time-point (STP) analyses do not because, in theory, infinite numbers of growth curves can result in the same final measurement. We measured leaf lengths and widths in Brassica rapa recombinant inbred lines (RILs) throughout ontogeny. We modeled leaf growth and allometry as function valued traits (FVT), and examined genetic correlations between these traits and aspects of phenology, physiology, circadian rhythms and fitness. We used RNA-seq to construct a SNP linkage map and mapped trait quantitative trait loci (QTL). We found genetic trade-offs between leaf size and growth rate FVT and uncovered differences in genotypic and QTL correlations involving FVT vs STPs. We identified leaf shape (allometry) as a genetic module independent of length and width and identified selection on FVT parameters of development. Leaf shape is associated with venation features that affect desiccation resistance. The genetic independence of leaf shape from other leaf traits may therefore enable crop optimization in leaf shape without negative effects on traits such as size, growth rate, duration or gas exchange.
Model evaluation and spatial interpolation by Bayesian combination of observations with outputs from numerical models.

SUMMARY. Constructing maps of dry deposition pollution levels is vital for air quality management, and presents statistical problems typical of many environmental and spatial applications. Ideally, such maps would be based on a dense network of monitoring stations, but this does not exist. Instead, there are two main sources of information for dry deposition levels in the United States: one is pollution measurements at a sparse set of about 50 monitoring stations called CASTNet, and the other is the output of the regional scale air quality models, called Models-3. A related problem is the evaluation of these numerical models for air quality applications, which is crucial for control strategy selection. We develop formal methods for combining sources of information with different spatial resolutions and for the evaluation of numerical models. We specify a simple model for both the Models-3 output and the CASTNet observations in terms of the unobserved ground truth, and we estimate the model in a Bayesian way. This provides improved spatial prediction via the posterior distribution of the ground truth, allows us to validate Models-3 via the posterior predictive distribution of the CASTNet observations, and enables us to remove the bias in the Models-3 output. We apply our methods to data on SO2 concentrations, and we obtain high-resolution SO2 distributions by combining observed data with model output. We also conclude that the numerical models perform worse in areas closer to power plants, where the SO2 values are overestimated by the models.
Managing paradoxes in strategic decision-making

Although there has been a considerable amount of prescriptive research in the strategic management field, top executives are still faced with several key concerns when formulating strategies for their organisations. Three such dimensions – management as an art or science, strategic emphasis on consistency or flexibility and strategy as a top-down or a bottom-up approach – appear to require difficult choices or compromises between polar extremes. This paper reports on the development of scales to test for predispositions along these dimensions. Results suggest that managers do not necessarily view the polar extremes as mutually exclusive. Implications for managers and future research are discussed.
Differences in science students' view of ideal and actual role behavior according to success and gender

Information about how success and gender affect students' views of ideal and actual classroom role behavior can help both researchers and teachers better understand classroom components such as achievement and curriculum. A 20-item double Q sort was used to measure differences in perceptions of high school science students according to letter grades and gender. Individual Q sort item rankings of 160 students were tested for significant differences according to letter grade received; item ratings were compared according to gender for 215 students. Differences in perception according to success were found for both ideal and actual behavior; 8 and 5 items, respectively, out of each 20-item sort were found to be significant at the p = < 0.05 level. No such overall patterns of difference in view were found between boys and girls, although three ideal student items and one actual self-report item were found to be significantly different at the p = < 0.05 level.
Talking points: the differential impact of real-time computer generated audio/visual feedback on speech-like & non-speech-like vocalizations in low functioning children with ASD

Real-time computer feedback systems (CFS) have been shown to impact the communication of neurologically typical individuals. Promising new research appears to suggest the same for the vocalization of low functioning children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The distinction between speech-like versus non-speech-like vocalizations has rarely, if ever, been addressed in the HCI community. This distinction is critical as we strive to most effectively and efficiently facilitate speech development in children with ASD, while simultaneously helping decrease vocalizations that do not facilitate positive social interactions. This paper provided an extension of Hailpern et al. in 2009 by examining the influence of a computerized feedback system on both the speech-like and non-speech-like vocalizations of five nonverbal children with ASD. Results were largely positive, in that some form of computerized feedback was able to differentially facilitate speech-like vocalizations relative to nonspeech-like vocalizations in 4 of the 5 children. The main contribution of this work is in highlighting the importance of distinguishing between speech-like versus nonspeech-like vocalizations in the design of feedback systems focused on facilitating speech in similar populations.
An Investigation of Ceratomyxa shasta sporulation following death of itsChinook salmon host

approved: _____ Dr. Michael Kent As pre-spawning mortality (PSM) in Chinook salmon in the Willamette River Valley becomes a more defined and examined area of study, more focus is granted to not only preserving the health of these fish, but also expanding knowledge concerning various pathogens that utilize the salmon as hosts and may be associated with PSM. One such parasite, a myxozoan named Ceratomyxa shasta, has been known to be extremely detrimental to salmon health, yet little literature exists concerning what exactly happens to this parasite once the salmon die. This thesis briefly outlines the complexity regarding this parasite’s relationship with the Chinook salmon, offers some context to transmission dynamics, and explores a recent investigation conducted over the course of the 2013-2014 academic year to determine the capability of Ceratomyxa shasta to live, continue to develop, and sporulate following the death of one of its hosts, the Chinook salmon.
Morton Electronics: The Collapse Of High-Performance, Self-Managed Work Teams

t was clear that top management was seriously pondering the long-term viability of Robert Mitchell’s manufacturing group...at least as it was currently structured. Robert sat at his desk wondering what he could do to keep his job as manager and maintain control of the group. He concluded that he needed to do more than develop some kind of cost savings plan. He needed to think outside the box and come up with something more spectacular to impress top management. He would take the lemons and make lemonade.
Troponin elevation predicts critical care needs and in-hospital mortality after thrombolysis in white but not black stroke patients.

Abstract Introduction Stroke patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) are at increased risk for critical care interventions and mortality. Cardiac troponin elevation is common in stroke patients; however, its prognostic significance is unclear. The present study evaluates troponin elevation as a predictor of critical care needs and mortality in post-IVT patients and describes racial differences in its predictive accuracy. Methods Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were used to determine racial differences in the predictive accuracy of troponin elevation for critical care needs and mortality in post-IVT patients. Results Troponin elevation predicted critical care needs in white (odds ratio [OR] 29.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.86-177.81) but not black patients (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.14-1.78; P value for interaction P = .006); however, addition of troponin elevation did not improve the model in blacks (area under the curve 0.843 vs 0.851, P = .54). Troponin elevation was associated with in-hospital mortality in whites (OR 21.94, 95% CI 3.51-137.11) but not blacks (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.19-6.32, P value for interaction .022). Conclusion Troponin is a useful predictor of poor outcome in white but not black post-IVT stroke patients.
Protective effects of transient HO-1 overexpression on susceptibility to oxygen toxicity in lung cells

Rat fetal lung cells (RFL-6) were transiently transfected with a full-length rat heme oxygenase (HO)-1 cDNA construct and then exposed to hyperoxia (95% O2-5% CO2) for 48 h. Total HO activity and H...
Traditional versus modern anticoagulant strategies: Summary of the literature

Traditional and modern anticoagulant therapies for the management, prophylaxis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and key findings of primary studies are summarized. Significant advances have been made during the past decade in the prevention and treatment of VTE and the treatment of ACS. Numerous trials have demonstrated that low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are at least as effective as and have challenged unfractionated heparins (UFHs) as the standard of care for the treatment of VTE and ACS. For VTE, a number of new antithrombotic agents have been developed and are currently under development, including oral direct thrombin inhibitors and synthetic pentasaccharides, such as fondaparinux, in addition to LMWHs. For ACS, various new treatment modalities, such as the broader use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stents, are available, in addition to new pharmacologic agents, such as glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and innovative thrombolytics. Most of these agents and treatment modalities require the use of an anticoagulant as adjuvant therapy. Evidence suggests that LMWHs can be used safely and, in addition to being more practical, have been shown to improve outcomes compared with traditional anticoagulants in certain patient populations. LMWHs demonstrate superior clinical outcomes over traditional anticoagulants for VTE prophylaxis and treatment and ACS treatment. Primary studies of new agents, including oral direct thrombin inhibitors and synthetic pentasaccharides for the treatment of ACS are promising; however, more data are needed on their safety and efficacy.
Personality Traits and the Sense of Civic Duty

Recently, a burgeoning literature has developed around the idea that personality traits influence political attitudes and orientations. There has also been increasing recognition that orientations like the sense of civic duty exert a powerful influence on voting behavior. Despite the theoretical and empirical importance of civic duty, little research has investigated its antecedents. This article turns to individual personality traits as a potential explanation for why some people feel a stronger sense of civic duty than others. The analysis shows that a number of the Big Five traits shape an individual’s sense of civic duty, with Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Openness having statistically significant (p < .05) effects. The effects of personality traits rival and, in some cases, exceed the influence of variables that have typically been used to explain the sense of duty, including income. In the end, this study provides new evidence that personality traits influence broad orientation...
Genus Phaneta: New Synonymies and a New Species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Four eastern North American taxa are reviewed: (1) Phaneta umbrastriana (Kearfott) [= P. roseoterminana (Kearfott) and P. formosana subcandida (Heinrich)]. (2) P. parmatana (Clemens) [= P. crispana (Clemens), P. kennebecana (Kearfott), P. perfuscana (Heinrich), P. alterana (Heinrich), and P. sinestrigana (McDunnough)]. The different names had been based mostly on slight differences in wing color pattern; such variability is viewed here as reflecting a population rather than a species character. No intraspecific differences in genitalia were found. (3) P. ochrocephala (Walsingham) [= P. imbridana (Fernald)]. The identity of the senior synonym was not previously based on authentic specimens. (4) P. ambodaidaleia Miller n. sp., type locality McClellanville, S.C., is described and compared with P. offectalis (Hulst) and P. umbraticana (Heinrich). In addition, five taxa of the P. radiatana (Walsingham) group are treated synoptically to aid in differentiating P. umbrastriana , another group member.
Using habitat association models to predict Alewife and Blueback Herring marine distributions and overlap with Atlantic Herring and Atlantic Mackerel: can incidental catches be reduced?

Concern over the impacts of incidental catches of Alewife,Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring, A. aestivalis (collectively managed as ‘river herring’) in the commercial Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) and Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) fisheries has resulted in the recent implementation of river herring incidental catch limits. These incidental catches are highly variable in frequency and magnitude, and the environmental conditions associated with these catches are poorly understood. We used generalized additive models (GAMs) to describe habitat associations of Alewife, Blueback Herring, Atlantic Herring, and Atlantic Mackerel. Bottom temperature, bottom depth, bottom salinity, solar azimuth and elevation, and region of the Northeast U.S. continental shelf were all significant in the habitat models; GAMs explained 25.2, 16.9, 18.9, and 20.6% of the deviance observed for the presence/absence of Alewife, Blueback Herring, Atlantic Herring, and Atlantic Mackerel. A subset of the data was omitted from the model and the probability of presence was compared with observations; 66–77% of observations were correctly predicted. The individual probabilities of presence were used to quantify and evaluate the accuracy of modelled overlap of Alewife and Blueback Herring with Atlantic Herring (68–72% correct predictions) and Alewife and Blueback Herring with Atlantic Mackerel (57–69% correct predictions). Our findings indicate that environmental gradients influence the distributions and overlap of Alewife, Blueback Herring, Atlantic Herring, and Atlantic Mackerel, and with further testing and refinement these models could be developed into a tool to aid industry in reducing incidental catches of river herring.
Study of power loss reduction technology based on the control of three-phase load balance

A new phase-change swith which is produced by our company is introduced. Secondly,the paper presents some products to figure out these problem,which are center-controlled terminal,master station system and personal digital assistant. Those prodects can capture kinds of three-phase live data,adjust unbalanced situation and help company to increase power supply reliability and improve service,all of which can bring huge economic and social benefits.
Construction of price system of resource products based on environmental cost

In view of the problem for resource product price,using inductive analysis,China's resource product prices are analyzed in theory.Incomplete composition of environmental cost is the main reason for the existing distorted resource price system.Suggestions are put forward that the government should focus on the reformation of the natural resource pricing mechanisms,the internalization of environmental cost,the full cost accounting system of resource product,the reconstruction of resource taxation system,etc,which may give the reference for reasonable pricing of the resource products.
Analysis of protein dynamics during cytokinesis in budding yeast

Cytokinesis is essential for development and survival of all organisms by increasing cell number and diversity. It is a highly regulated process that requires spatiotemporal coordination of hundreds of proteins functioning in the assembly, constriction, and disassembly of a contractile actomyosin ring, targeted vesicle fusion, and localized extracellular matrix remodeling. Cytokinesis has been studied in multiple systems with a wide range of technologies to learn the common principles. In this chapter, we describe the analysis of protein dynamics during cytokinesis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by several live-cell imaging methods. This, in combination with the power of yeast genetics, has yielded novel insights into the mechanism of cytokinesis. Similar approaches are increasingly used to study this fundamental process in more complex systems.
Affinity Versus Label‐Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells: Who Wins?

The study of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been made possible by many technological advances in their isolation. Their isolation has seen many fronts, but each technology brings forth a new set of challenges to overcome. Microfluidics has been a key player in the capture of CTCs and their downstream analysis, with the aim of shedding light into their clinical application in cancer and metastasis. Researchers have taken diverging paths to isolate such cells from blood, ranging from affinity-based isolation targeting surface antigens expressed on CTCs, to label-free isolation taking advantage of the size differences between CTCs and other blood cells. For both major groups, many microfluidic technologies have reported high sensitivity and specificity for capturing CTCs. However, the question remains as to the superiority among these two isolation techniques, specifically to identify different CTC populations. This review highlights the key aspects of affinity and label-free microfluidic CTC technologies, and discusses which of these two would be the highest benefactor for the study of CTCs.
Brightness Characterization of SUN1 and SUN2 by Z-Scan Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy

Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) has been used to quantify the stoichiometry of soluble proteins in the cytoplasm of cells by brightness analysis. The development of z-scan FFS broadened the capability of brightness analysis to include proteins distributed across stratified layers, such as the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. Here, we use z-scan FFS to study proteins that reside in the nuclear envelope/perinuclear space (PNS). Experimentally, we place a 20 amino acid signal-sequence in front of EGFP to drive translation into the lumen of the NE. The brightness of EGFP is determined by performing z-scan FFS measurements where corrections are applied for both the thin-layer geometry and coexcitation of adjacent layers. We then generated a tandem dimeric EGFP protein to establish a model for calibrating brightness and stoichiometry. Finally, we utilize our technique to study the assembly of the inner-nuclear membrane proteins SUN1 and SUN2 within the PNS. SUN proteins are transmembrane proteins that interact with nuclear lamins in the nucleoplasm and with cytoskeletal-interacting, outer nuclear-membrane nesprin proteins within the PNS. Together, SUN and nesprin proteins form the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex, which is critical for nuclear positioning and movement. The crystal structure of SUN2 reveals a trimer composed of SUN domains and a stalk of coiled-coils. Each SUN trimer binds three nesprin proteins. Currently, evidence for this structure in living cells does not exist nor does stoichiometric information for SUN1. Here, we show that the lumenal regions of both SUN1 and SUN2 oligomerize in a regulated manner within the PNS. SUN2 oligomerizes into trimers while SUN1 forms even higher order oligomers. Taken together, our results establish z-scan FFS as a powerful method for the biochemical and biophysical analysis of nuclear membrane proteins within living cells.
Absorption of Sr90SO4 from the Lung.

The role of the lung in affecting the translocation of inhaled Sr/sup 90/ SO/sub 4/ was evaluated by exposing a dog to a Sr/sup 90/SO/sub 4/ aerosol through a tracheal fistula. About one-half of the Sr- Y/sup 90/ deposited was rapidly translocated to the bone, and only 2% was retained in the lung one week after exposure. Fifteen per cent was cleared via the trachea, probably by the ciliary processes. (auth)
Raytracing analysis of microwave link fading

A raytracing model of propagation provides the basis for developing a dependable qualitative fade analysis technique. A qualitative analysis is conducted by interpreting ray trajectory relationships in the modeled link environment. Fade analysis examples correlated to actual test data demonstrate that interpretation of raytracing graphics can identify the fade mechanism(s). The good agreement between measured field data and raytracing analysis has provided the opportunity to predict the propagation behavior on proposed links without having to resort to on-site testing. This technique is used to evaluate alternative antenna height and alignment angle solutions for surface reflection cases. Since the atmosphere is constantly changing, the raytracing model must be able to accept varying environmental data and update the display accordingly. A PC-based, interactive raytracing program with this capability allows the rapid simulation of successive fade events. >
Agent-based modeling: case study in cleavage furrow models.

The number of studies in cell biology in which quantitative models accompany experiments has been growing steadily. Roughly, mathematical and computational techniques of these models can be classif...
The Economic Potential of an India-US Free Trade Agreement

This paper explores the economic implication of a potential free trade agreement between India and the United States. The overall impacts are likely to be positive for the United States and India. While gains from trade creation would be offset by trade diversion on the import side, both countries would gain from improved access on the export side. The United States is likely to gain largely through terms of trade improvements for its goods and services, as initial protection in India remains relatively high. India would experience an expansion of exports and output, particularly in textiles and apparel. The paper explores how the effects of an India-United States free trade agreement might be affected by prior free trade agreements. Adding an India-United States free trade agreement to prior agreements would tend to bring additional welfare benefits to both countries. India would also gain substantially if it concluded a free trade agreement with the United States and then extended it to other partners. The results suggest that an India-United States free trade agreement might become a building block toward more liberal trade regimes.
Bacterial production of site specific 13 C labeled phenylalanine and methodology for high level incorporation into bacterially expressed recombinant proteins

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of ever larger systems have benefited from many different forms of isotope labeling, in particular, site specific isotopic labeling. Site specific 13C labeling of methyl groups has become an established means of probing systems not amenable to traditional methodology. However useful, methyl reporter sites can be limited in number and/or location. Therefore, new complementary site specific isotope labeling strategies are valuable. Aromatic amino acids make excellent probes since they are often found at important interaction interfaces and play significant structural roles. Aromatic side chains have many of the same advantages as methyl containing amino acids including distinct 13C chemical shifts and multiple magnetically equivalent 1H positions. Herein we report economical bacterial production and one-step purification of phenylalanine with 13C incorporation at the Cα, Cγ and Ce positions, resulting in two isolated 1H-13C spin systems. We also present methodology to maximize incorporation of phenylalanine into recombinantly overexpressed proteins in bacteria and demonstrate compatibility with ILV-methyl labeling. Inexpensive, site specific isotope labeled phenylalanine adds another dimension to biomolecular NMR, opening new avenues of study.
Trade Secrets and Information Security in the Age of Sports Analytics

The growth of sports analytics has made professional teams more and more reliant on proprietary data and algorithms, which are only valuable so long as they remain unknown to competitors. Teams are, however, relatively poorly equipped to protect these secrets. This chapter reviews five options available to teams looking to protect their secret information: league rules and norms, nondisclosure and noncompete agreements, trade-secrecy law, criminal law, and information-security efforts. None of the legal options are perfect, since breaches can be difficult to detect and legal remedies expose teams to unwanted publicity and risks of further breaches. Teams, then, should focus their efforts on building robust security systems to prevent problems from arising in the first place. The chapter concludes by discussing trends that are likely to increase the importance of information security in professional sports.
Survivor: spectators and gladiators in the US environmental movement, 2000–2010

AbstractWhat motivates people to participate in which forms of environmental activism? To address this question, we revise empirical models examining environmental activism by disaggregating the outcome variable of movement participation and dichotomizing two key motivational factors. Using repeated cross-sectional data from the US General Social Survey of 2000 and 2010, this study conducts logistic regression of four forms of participation on perceived severity and sense of efficacy, while accounting for biographical availability and political engagement. Results from regression analysis show that vocabularies of motive have substantial impacts on an individual’s likelihood of: (1) signing a petition; (2) giving money; (3) joining a group; and (4) joining a protest or demonstration. Their effects are large enough to override the noticeable impacts of liberalism and education. This study also finds that the level of participation in the movement across all forms has decreased between 2000 and 2010. These ...
Control of Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems

Abstract An affordable, high fidelity closed-box speaker system was created by analyzing and controlling a subwoofer in a sealed enclosure in the 20Hz-100Hz frequency region. The SPL response was improved through achieving a flatter frequency response and lower distortion. Hardware-implemented, PI-based and LQG/LTR controlled systems designs both achieved satisfactory results that agreed well with the predictions. Both controlled systems measurably outperformed the stand-alone speaker with flatter frequency response, lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and robustness against total sensor failure.
Findings from a strength-based moderate-intensity exercise interventions for individuals with dementia (innovative practice).

Limited evidence exists regarding exercise interventions with individuals with dementia, which is often due to heterogeneity of methodology and outcomes being assessed. This led to the development ...
“I Stopped Shooting Up When I got Married”: Desistance, Crime, and Love

This project studies desistance from substance use and homelessness. In the early 1990s, the New Orleans Homeless Substance Abusers Project (NOHSAP) tested new treatment approaches for homeless sub...
LSD1: A single target to combat lineage plasticity in lethal prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer initiation and progression to a lethal metastatic castration-resistant (mCRPC) phenotype remains largely dependent on the function of the androgen receptor (AR) (1). Recently, however, more potent androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) regimens that target the AR and the androgen biosynthesis pathways have led to the emergence, in a subset of cases, of resistance mechanisms independent of AR activity (CRPC-AI). These lethal mCRPC appear to adapt to ADT via lineage plasticity rather than as a result of the emergence of resistant mutations, and adopt a phenotype no longer reliant on AR expression and signaling. These tumors may display neuroendocrine features, a stem or basal cell-like phenotype, altered kinase signaling, and characteristic epigenetic alterations (2⇓⇓–5) (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. As therapeutic targeting of the AR becomes more precise, a growing number of patients are emerging with resistance mechanisms to AR blockade independent of AR activity. Clinical and preclinical evidence highlights that these patients exhibit low AR activity, independent of AR expression, with increased activity of epigenetic modifiers that drive cellular reprogramming, resulting in lineage plasticity, independent of their canonical catalytic function. This insight provides new understanding and rationale targeting epigenetic modifiers, irrespective of their canonical enzymatic function, providing potential to reverse resistance, or prolong durability of ADT. DNPC, double-negative prostate cancer. The lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a histone demethylase also known as KDM1A, is a regulator of gene expression in stem cells. Prior literature demonstrated that LSD1 acts by demethylation of both H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2, providing dual functionality of gene repression and activation, respectively (6). The latter includes AR target … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: Leigh_Ellis{at}dfci.harvard.edu or massimo_loda{at}dfci.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
David Oliver: Are comparisons between acute healthcare and the aviation industry invidious?

Much of the inspiration for establishing the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch in 2016 came from Jeremy Hunt’s wish to learn from the aviation industry. Significantly, Keith Conradi, who had been chief investigator for the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB), was appointed the new unit’s chief investigator. It’s easy to understand the desire for the NHS to learn from airlines. Commercial aviation has a relentless focus on safety: learning from incidents and ensuring safety is central to staff training and values. Most of all, aviation supports an open culture of learning and reporting in which staff who report concerns are protected. During the …
Equations and Concepts

When we discuss atmospheric turbulence and air pollution then we place it automatically in the setting of the planetary boundary layer. The formation of the planetary boundary layer is a consequence of the interactions between the atmosphere and its underlying surface. The surface functions as a source or sink of energy and momentum to the atmosphere. The atmosphere provides the large scale environment which may modify the surface input over a wide range of values.
Formalizing the SAFECode Type System

The Secure Virtual Architecture (SVA) provides an object-level integrity policy, similar to type-safety, for languages such as C and C++, and thus rules out a wide range of common vulnerabilities. SVA uses an enhanced version of the Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) compiler called SAFECode to enforce the policy through a combination of static and dynamic type-checks. However, this results in a relatively large trusted computing base (TCB). SVA reduces the TCB with an unverified type-checker that relies upon a paper-and-pencil proof of type-soundness for a core-language. As a further step towards increasing the assurance of the compiler, we present a mechanized proof of soundness and a verified type-checker for a realistic subset of the SAFECode type system developed using the Coq Proof Assistant.
Analysis of meat lipid oxidation with examination of polyphosphate interaction

139 INTRODUCTION 140 MATERIALS AND METHODS 143 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 150 CONCLUSIONS 181 REFERENCES 182
Cultural Evolution and Interaction during the Epipaleolithic

The behavioral residue of the prehistoric populations inhabiting southern Jordan from ca. 19,000–10,000 years ago points to the existence of two distinct cultural evolutionary tracks. The one represented by the Hamran—Natufian succession is an extension of the Kebaran—Geometric Kebaran—Natufian sequence that characterizes this interval within the Mediterranean woodlands. In contrast, the other developmental sequence, represented by the Qalkhan—Madamaghan succession, appears to have been centered in the arid zone. During the early part of this succession, Qalkhan groups seemingly occupied only areas east of the Rift Valley within the arid belt along the eastern margins of the Mediterranean woodlands stretching from southern Jordan to near the Euphrates of northeastern Syria. Later, some 13,000–14,000 years ago, a population expansion west across the Rift is indicated by the strong affinities between the Madamaghan Industry and other regional facies of the Mushabian Complex concentrated in the Sinai and Negev.
Sedative Hypnotics and Anesthetic Agents

Pediatric patients with congenital and acquired heart disease comprise a unique population requiring frequent interventions that can require sedation or general anesthesia. They present in a variety of health states, be it as an outpatient or as a critically ill, intensive care unit (ICU) patient, and the regimen used must be tailored to the individual’s specific pathophysiology, clinical status, and intended procedure. Generally speaking, the goal is to provide the appropriate sedation or anesthesia without compromising cardiac output and oxygen delivery, bearing in mind that these patients can have limited reserve.
Characterizing Scheduling Delay for Low-Latency Data Analytics Workloads

Data analytics workloads are shifting to shorter task execution time, higher degree of parallelism, and execution on faster hardware. As a result, job scheduling is becoming a bottleneck, which needs to offer extreme low-latency, massive throughput, and high scalability. However, few efforts have been focused on systematically understanding the scheduling delay. In this paper, we propose a method and develop a tool, SD-checker, that decomposes the job scheduling delay into multiple components and characterizes each by extensive experiments. SDchecker extracts event messages through mining both cluster scheduler logs and application logs, and constructs a scheduling order graph for the ease of analysis. We use SDchecker to evaluate Spark-SQL on a popular cluster scheduler Yarn. Results show that the scheduling delay may account for 60% of the job runtime of small data analytics workloads. After decomposing the total scheduling delay, we find Spark itself contributes 70% of the delay. Through the evaluation and analysis, we conclude that (1) The causes of scheduling delay are determined by many factors, and (2) The job scheduling is not well optimized yet, and far from ideal for low-latency data analytics workloads.
Choline ameliorates adult learning deficits and reverses epigenetic modification of chromatin remodeling factors related to adolescent nicotine exposure.

Abstract Earlier initiation of smoking correlates with higher risk of nicotine dependence, mental health problems, and cognitive impairments. Additionally, exposure to nicotine and/or tobacco smoke during critical developmental periods is associated with lasting epigenetic modifications and altered gene expression. This study examined whether adolescent nicotine exposure alters adult hippocampus-dependent learning, involving persistent changes in hippocampal DNA methylation and if choline, a dietary methyl donor, would reverse and mitigate these alterations. Mice were chronically treated with nicotine (12.6 mg/kg/day) starting at post-natal day 23 (pre-adolescent), p38 (late adolescent), or p54 (adult) for 12 days followed by a 30-day period during which they consumed either standard chow or chow supplemented with choline (9 g/kg). Mice then were tested for fear-conditioning and dorsal hippocampi were dissected for whole genome methylation and selected gene expression analyses. Nicotine exposure starting at p21 or p38, but not p54, disrupted adult hippocampus-dependent fear conditioning. Choline supplementation ameliorated these deficits. 462 genes in adult dorsal hippocampus from mice exposed to nicotine as adolescents showed altered promoter methylation that was reversed by choline supplementation. Gene network analysis revealed that chromatin remodeling genes were the most enriched category whose methylation was altered by nicotine and reversed by choline dietary supplementation. Two key chromatin remodeling genes, Smarca2 and Bahcc1, exhibited inversely correlated changes in methylation and expression due to nicotine exposure; this was reversed by choline. Our findings support a role for epigenetic modification of hippocampal chromatin remodeling genes in long-term learning deficits induced by adolescent nicotine and their amelioration by dietary choline supplementation.
Cognitive impairment and postural control deficit in adults with Type 2 diabetes.

Background Diseases induced by metabolic disorders, eg, Type 2 diabetes, has recently been linked to both sensory and motor deficit in the absence of a formal clinical diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy. Studies have demonstrated mild cognitive impairment in diabetic patients, which also plays a role in one's loss of ability to successfully perform basic motor activities. This project focused on evaluating cognitive function while maintaining balance. We hypothesized that simultaneous cognitive and motor deficit would occur among adults with Type 2 diabetes versus healthy age- and sex-matched control during a balance task. Methods A sample of 10 Type 2 diabetes patients and 10 age-matched and sex-matched controls underwent a series of sensory, motor, cognitive, and cognitive-motor evaluations. Blood pressure and A1c levels were assessed. Results Significantly lower cognitive function scores, particularly in the domain of working memory, were exhibited in the diabetic group than controls. Balance in the diabetic group was overall poorer in both single- and dual-tasks than controls. When diabetic patients were asked to verbally recall different words while maintaining their balance, their accuracy rate was significantly lower than controls. Some health state measures were found to co-vary with motor function. Increased body mass index in the diabetic group did not account for motor function deficit. Significance Our data suggest that: (1) systemic deficit beyond tactile dysfunction and increased body mass index contribute to reduced motor function in diabetes, and (2) both balance and working memory functions are simultaneously impaired in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Angiographic embolization followed by piecemeal resection of giant posterior mediastinal schwannoma: Case report and concise review

Abstract Introduction: Posterior mediastinal masses present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly when large highly vascularized tumors extend toward or emanate from the spinal cord. The rare nature of these tumors precludes the development of standardized management algorithms, underscoring the importance of case reports. Presentation of case: A 57 year old female presented with exertional dyspnea and right chest pressure. Chest radiography followed by computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a 13 cm posterior mediastinal mass involving the T7 vertebral body. CT-guided percutaneous biopsy confirmed benign schwannoma. During open exploration, the tumor bled easily with contact. Angiography with intercostal arterial embolization decreased tumor vascularity while preserving spinal cord perfusion. Subsequent piecemeal resection facilitated exposure of the tumor base and complete resection. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Discussion: Neurogenic tumors are most commonly located in the posterior mediastinum. When untreated, schwannomas continue to grow, and will inevitably cause compressive symptoms if given sufficient time. Therefore, resection is recommended. This may be performed thoracoscopically in select patients with small tumors, avoiding the morbidity of a thoracotomy incision. Conclusion: Large posterior mediastinal schwannomas require posterolateral thoracotomy and resection. Preoperative angiography helps identify arteries shared by the tumor and the spinal cord, and embolization may reduce tumor vascularity and operative blood loss thereby permitting safer resection.