cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Barricade: defending systems against operator mistakes

In this paper, we propose a management framework for protecting large computer systems against operator mistakes. By detecting and confining mistakes to isolated portions of the managed system, our framework facilitates correct operation even by inexperienced operators. We built a prototype management system called Barricade based on our framework. We evaluate Barricade by deploying it for two different systems, a prototype Internet service and an enterprise computer infrastructure, and conducting experiments with 20 volunteer operators. Our results are very promising. For example, we show that Barricade can detect and contain 39 out of the 43 mistakes that we observed in 49 live operator experiments performed with our Internet service.
Viral risk factor for seizures : Pathobiology of dynorphin in herpes simplex viral (HSV-1) seizures in an animal model

Up to 89% of patients with herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis can have seizures. Possibly, viruses are environmental triggers for seizures in genetically vulnerable individuals. Inherited dynorphin promoter polymorphisms are associated with temporal lobe epilepsy and febrile seizures in man. In animals, the dynorphin system in the hippocampus regulates excitability. The hypothesis that reduced dynorphin expression in dentate gyrus of hippocampus due to HSV-1 infection leads to epileptic responses was tested in a rat model of HSV-1 encephalitis using EEG recording, histopathological and neuropharmacologic probes. HSV-1 infection causes loss of dynorphin A-like immunoreactivity in hippocampus, an effect independent of direct viral interference and cell loss. A kappa opioid receptor agonist U50488 effectively blocks ictal activity, linking absence of dynorphin to propensity for epileptic activity. These findings show a vulnerability of hippocampal dynorphin during infection, suggesting a neurochemical basis for seizures that may be generalizable to other encephalitic viruses.
Nonfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma: case report and review of literature.

Objective: To report a case of nonfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma that was incidentally found during a thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter.Methods: We present a case report, detailing the clini...
Multi-stage onset of the summer monsoon over the western North Pacific

The climatological summer monsoon onset displays a distinct step wise northeastward movement over the South China Sea and the western North Pacific (WNP) (110°–160°E, 10°–20°N). Monsoon rain commences over the South China Sea-Philippines region in mid-May, extends abruptly to the southwestern Philippine Sea in early to mid-June, and finally penetrates to the northeastern part of the domain around mid-July. In association, three abrupt changes are identified in the atmospheric circulation. Specifically, the WNP subtropical high displays a sudden eastward retreat or quick northward displacement and the monsoon trough pushes abruptly eastward or northeastward at the onset of the three stages. The step wise movement of the onset results from the slow northeastward seasonal evolution of large-scale circulation and the phase-locked intraseasonal oscillation (ISO). The seasonal evolution establishes a large-scale background for the development of convection and the ISO triggers deep convection. The ISO over the WNP has a dominant period of about 20–30 days. This determines up the time interval between the consecutive stages of the monsoon onset. From the atmospheric perspective, the seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) change in the WNP plays a critical role in the northeastward advance of the onset. The seasonal northeastward march of the warmest SST tongue (SST exceeding 29.5 °C) favors the northeastward movement of the monsoon trough and the high convective instability region. The seasonal SST change, in turn, is affected by the monsoon through cloud-radiation and wind-evaporation feedbacks.
FT-IR Imaging of the Interface in Multicomponent Systems Using Optical Effects Induced by Differences in Refractive Index:

For phase-separated multicomponent polymeric systems, characterization of the interface between the components is particularly challenging. We have observed an optical effect in the infrared that can be used to image the interface specifically. This method yields images of the interfaces based on the interfaces showing apparent absorption arising from changes in refractive index at frequencies far from the specific frequencies associated with the components of the mixture. This method has been applied to multicomponent samples of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals where the nature of the interface can be specifically altered by the application of an electric potential across the sample. Effects of this optical phenomenon on spectra from such multicomponent systems are discussed, and factors that complicate quantitative analysis of data from interfacial regions have been pointed out.
Effect of rising Asian emissions on surface ozone in the United States

The effect of increasing fossil fuel combustion in eastern Asia on surface O3 air pollution in the United States is examined with a global three-dimensional tropospheric chemistry model. Tripling of Asian anthropogenic emissions from 1985 to 2010 is expected to increase monthly mean O3 concentrations by 2–6 ppbv in the western United States and by 1–3 ppbv in the eastern United States, the maximum effect being in April–June. This increase would more than offset the benefits of 25% domestic reductions in anthropogenic emissions of NOx and hydrocarbons in the western United States. Asian influence may be less under the stagnant conditions leading to violations of the U.S. air quality standard. Nevertheless, our results suggest that a global perspective is necessary when designing a strategy to meet regional O3 air quality objectives.
Relapsing hairy cell leukemia presenting as fulminant hepatitis

Abstract purpose: We report the first known case of fulminant hepatitis due to hairy cell infiltration. case report: A 43-year-old woman with hairy cell leukemia returned 1 year after diagnosis with spider angiomata of the face and neck, palmar erythema, and diffuse telangiectasias. The liver span was normal. Laboratory studies included: aspartate aminotransferase, 56 U/L; alkaline phosphatase, 283 U/L; γ-glutamyltransferase, 157 U/L; and normal bilirubin. A liver biopsy demonstrated modest infiltration of hairy cells with hemosiderosis and intact hepatocytes. results: The patient responded to interferona with resolution of the angiomata, decreased palmar erythema, and improved liver function tests. Five months later, she presented with right upper quadrant pain, anorexia, fatigue, and diffuse myalgias. The physical examination was unchanged. Laboratory studies included: aspartate aminotransferase, 299 U/L; alkaline phosphatase, 1,388 U/L; total bilirubin, 43 μmol/L; and direct bilirubin, 29 μmol/L. Two weeks later, she was admitted to the hospital. Her liver span was 15 cm. Laboratory studies showed the following values: aspartate aminotransferase, 618 U/L; alkaline phosphatase, 2,319 U/L; total bilirubin, 311 μmol/L; direct bilirubin, 233 μmol/L; and alanine aminotransferase, 462 U/L. Intensive investigation of contributing causes was not revealing. A subsequent liver biopsy demonstrated extensive portal and intralobular hairy cell infiltration with loss of normal architecture. Liver function deteriorated as shown by the following values: aspartate aminotransferase, 1,100 U/L; alkaline phosphatase, 3,645 U/L; bilirubin, 477 μmol/L; and ammonia, 47 μmol N/dL. The patient died 9 days after admission. conclusions: Although liver infiltration is often present and mild elevations of liver function tests have been noted, evidence of such extensive hepatic injury caused by hairy cell leukemia has not been reported previously. Hairy cell infiltration of the liver can cause typical cutaneous changes of liver disease and even fulminant hepatitis.
Representing group technology classification and coding techniques with object oriented modeling principles

The purpose of this paper is to show the common basis of several object-oriented design modeling principles as compared with those used in classification and coding (C&C) for group technology applications. Five types of decision tree (E-trees, N-trees, X-trees, D-trees, and C-trees) are shown to be in exact correspondence with the object-oriented modeling principles generalization with disjoint subclasses, generalization with overlapping subclasses, classification, generalization with restriction, and aggregation, respectively. In addition, C&C modeling and subsequent database implementation are shown to be enhanced through application of such object-oriented modeling principles as association and role names. Finally, a case study is presented that illustrates the application of these principles in the design and implementation of a C&C system for abrasive flow machining.
Application of Large-Eddy Simulation to Supersonic Compression Ramps

Large-eddy simulations of supersonic compression-ramp flowfields were performed by a high-order numerical method, utilizing the Smagorinsky dynamic subgrid-scale model to account for spatially underresolved stresses. Computations were carried out at a freestream Mach number of 3.0 for ramp angles of 8, 16, 20, and 24 deg. Extensive comparisons are made between the respective solutions and available experimental data that were collected at higher Reynolds numbers. These include surface pressure, skin friction, and both mean and fluctuating velocity profiles. For the 24-deg case, a number of experimentally measured statistical quantities are compared to the simulation
Check your confidence: size really does matter.

OK, maybe the title is a little cheeky, but it does accurately and humorously convey a valuable learning experience that I recently had: a large dataset is absolutely critical for statistically significant results with tight confidence intervals. In this case, bigger really is better! Of course, more accurate data is better too. The Community Structure-Activity Resource (CSAR)1 periodically holds exercises to allow scientists to test their docking and scoring methods. This issue of the Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling presents the papers that resulted from our most recent exercise, one based on blinded data. CSAR was very fortunate to receive large datasets of unpublished protein-ligand binding data from Abbott and Vertex. My concern was that there was too much data to use in an exercise; surely, it would take participants too long to accurately calculate all the possibilities. To make the exercise tractable in a limited period of time, I decided that we should use a smaller subset of data for the exercise and release the full set after it concluded. Unfortunately, reducing the size of the dataset made the error estimates very large, and it was very difficult to compare the results. To quote one of the participants, “Thanks, but no thanks!” To address this issue, we asked that participants submit papers to this issue of the Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling that present both their initial, blinded results and results based on the full dataset.
Patient Navigation to Increase Mammography Screening Among Inner City Women

Lower mammography screening rates among minority and low income women contribute to increased morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. To evaluate the effect of a patient navigation intervention on adherence rates to biennial screening mammography among women engaged in primary care at an inner-city academic medical center. Quality improvement intervention with a concurrent control group, conducted from February to November of 2008. All women in a hospital-based primary care practice aged 51–70 years. Subjects were randomized at the level of their primary care provider, such that half of the patients in the practice received the intervention, while the other half received usual care. Intervention subjects whose last mammogram was >18 months prior received a combination of telephone calls and reminder letters from patient navigators trained to identify barriers to care. Navigators were integrated into primary care teams and interacted directly with patients, providers, and radiology to coordinate care. Navigators utilized an electronic report to track subjects. Adherence rates to biennial mammography were assessed in intervention and control groups at baseline and post-intervention. A total of 3,895 women were randomized to intervention (n = 1,817) and control (n = 2,078) groups. Mean age was 60, 71% were racial/ethnic minorities, 23% were non-English speaking, and 63% had public or no health insurance. At baseline, there was no difference in mammography adherence between the control and intervention groups (78%, respectively, p = 0.55). After the 9-month intervention, mammogram adherence was higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (87% vs. 76%, respectively, p < 0.001). Except among Hispanic women who demonstrated high rates in both the intervention and control groups (85% and 83%, respectively), all racial/ethnic and insurance groups demonstrated higher adherence in the intervention group. Patient navigation improves biennial mammography rates for inner city, low income, minority populations.
Full recovery from prolonged brainstem failure following intraventricular hemorrhage.

13. Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Novak M, Penn D, Weiser PB, Buch M, and Hahn P: Carnitine and the development of newborn adipose tissue, Pediatr Res 12:660, 1968. 14. Schiff D, Chan G, and Andrew G: Metabolism of intravenously adminstered lipid in the newborn, in Stern L, editor: Intensive care in the newborn II., New York, 1978, Masson Publishing USA, Inc., p 267. 15. Andrew G, Chan G, and Schiff D: Lipid metabolism in the neonate, lIl. The ketogenic effect of Intralipid infusion in the neonate, J Pediatr 92:995, 1978. 16. McGarry JD, and Foster DW: An improved and simplified radioisotopic.assay for the determination of free and estertried carnitine, J Lipid Res 17:277, 1976. 17. Stone M, and Thorpe JL: A new technique for the investigation of low density lipo-proteins in health and disease, Clin Chim Acta 14:812, 1966. 18. Persson B: Determination of plasma acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate in newborn infants by an enzymatic fluorometric method, Scand J Clin Invest 25:9, 1970. 19. Cox RA, and Hoppel CL: Biosynthesis of carnitine and 4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate from lysine, Biochem J 136:1075, 1973. 20. Frohlich J, Seccombe DW, Hahn P, Dodek P, and Hynie I: The effect of fasting on free and esterfied carnitine levels in human serum and urine, Metabolism 27:555, 1978. 21. Postuma R, and Trevenen CL: Liver disease in infants receiving total parenteral" nutrition, Pediatrics 63:110, 1979.
Reasons for Low Pandemic H1N1 2009 Vaccine Acceptance within a College Sample

This study examined health beliefs associated with novel influenza A (H1N1) immunization among US college undergraduates during the 2009-2010 pandemic. Undergraduates (ages 18–24 years) from a large Midwestern University were invited to complete an online survey during March, 2010, five months after H1N1 vaccines became available. Survey items measured H1N1 vaccine history and H1N1-related attitudes based on the health belief literature. Logistic regression was used to identify attitudes associated with having received an H1N1 vaccine, and thematic analysis of student comments was conducted to further understand influences on vaccine decisions. Among the 296 students who participated in the survey, 15.2% reported having received an H1N1 vaccine. In regression analysis, H1N1 immunization was associated with seasonal flu vaccine history, perceived vaccine effectiveness, perceived obstacles to vaccination, and vaccine safety concerns. Qualitative results illustrate the relationship of beliefs to vaccine decisions, particularly in demonstrating that students often held concerns that vaccine could cause H1N1 or side effects. Vaccine safety, efficacy, and obstacles to immunization were major considerations in deciding whether to accept the H1N1 pandemic vaccine. Therefore, focusing on those aspects might be especially useful in future vaccine efforts within the college population.
From sufficient to efficient usage: an analysis of strategic knowledge

Can good design guarantee the eflicient use of computer tools? Can experience guarantee it? We raise these questions to explore why empirical studies of real-world usage show even experienced users under-utilizing the capabilities of computer applications. By analyzing the use of everyday devices and computer applications, as well as reviewing empirical studies, we conclude that neither good design nor experience may be able to guarantee efficient usage. Efficient use requires task decomposition strategies that exploit capabilities offered by computer applications such as the ability to aggreguteobjects, and to manipulate the aggregates with powerful operators. To understand the effects that strategies can have on performance, we present results from a GOMS analysis of a CAD task. Furthermore, we identify some key aggregation strategies that appear to generalize across applications. Such strategies may provide a framework to enable users to move from a sufficient to a more ef)icient use of computer tools.
Minimal cis-Acting Elements Required for Adenovirus Genome Packaging

The design of drugs for treatment of virus infections and the exploitation of viruses as drugs for treatment of diseases could be made more successful by understanding the molecular mechanisms of virus-specific events. The process of assembly, and more specifically packaging of the genome into a capsid, is an obligatory step leading to future infections. To enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of packaging, it is necessary to characterize the viral components necessary for the event. In the case of adenovirus, sequences between nucleotides 200 and 400 at the left end of the genome are essential for packaging. This region contains a series of redundant bipartite sequences, termed A repeats, that function in packaging. Synthetic packaging sequences made of multimers of a single A repeat substitute for the authentic adenovirus packaging domain. A repeats are binding sites for the CCAAT displacement protein and the viral protein IVa2. Several lines of evidence implicate these proteins in the packaging process. It was not known, however, whether other cis-acting elements play a role in the packaging process as well. We utilized an in vivo approach to address the role of the inverted terminal repeats and the covalently linked terminal proteins in packaging of the adenovirus genome. Our results show that these elements are not necessary for efficient packaging of the viral genome. A significant implication of these results applicable to gene therapy vector design is that the linkage of the adenovirus packaging domain to heterologous DNA sequences should suffice for targeting to the viral capsid.
Data Mining and Fuzzy Clustering to Support Product Family Design

In mass customization, data mining can be used to extract valid, previously unknown, and easily interpretable information from large product databases in order to improve and optimize engineering design and manufacturing process decisions. A product family is a group of related products based on a product platform, facilitating mass customization by providing a variety of products for different market segments cost-effectively. In this paper, we propose a method for identifying a platform along with variant and unique modules in a product family using data mining techniques. Association rule mining is applied to develop rules related to design knowledge based on product function, which can be clustered by their similarity based on functional features. Fuzzy c-means clustering is used to determine initial clusters that represent modules. The clustering result identifies the platform and its modules by a platform level membership function and classification. We apply the proposed method to determine a new platform using a case study involving a power tool family.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
pH‐Dependent enzyme deactivation models

A pH-dependent "series-type" enzyme deactivation model using rapid protonation and deprotonation equilibria and the relatively slower inactivation rates is presented. From the enzyme activity-time trajectories at different pH the models presented permit the evaluation of some of the protonation and inactivation rate constants as well as the specific activities of the different enzyme forms. pH dependence of enzyme deactivations may also exhibit deactivation disguised kinetics. Three different examples of pH-dependent enzyme deactivations available in the literature are appropriately modeled to indicate the general applicability of the model. The model presented is consistent with the data and provides mechanistic insights into the pH-dependent deactivation of different enzymes.
Heparin Therapy Leads to Platelet Activation and Prolongation of PFA-100 Closure Time

Background: Heparin is used in the treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolic events, including unstable angina. Once unfractionated heparin is discontinued during the acute phase of unstable angina, it has been demonstrated that the disease process may be reactivated within hours. It is hypothesized that this reactivation may be a result of direct platelet activation by heparin that can linger even after the drug itself has been stopped. Prior studies have shown that heparin can either increase or decrease platelet activation. More recent studies have also shown conflicting effects of unfractionated heparin on PFA-100 testing.Methods: We studied the in-vitro effects of unfractionated heparin on platelet function and PFA-100 testing. Unfractionated heparin was incubated with whole blood taken from 18 healthy volunteers. Platelet activation and aggregation was assessed with and without the presence of heparin.Results: Platelet aggregation and activation were increased in the presence of heparin. Unfra...
siRNA-Mediated Down-regulation of Ceramide Synthase 1 Leads to Apoptotic Resistance in Human Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cells after Photodynamic Therapy

Background: The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment correlates with apoptosis. We previously observed that the knockdown of ceramide synthase 6, an enzyme from the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway, is associated with marked reduction in C18-dihydroceramide and makes cells resistant to apoptosis post-PDT. Down-regulation of ceramide synthase 1 (CERS1) can also render cells resistant to anticancer drugs. Aim: To explore the impact of CERS1 knockdown on apoptosis and the sphingolipid profile, post- PDT, with the silicone phthalocyanine Pc 4, in a human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line. Materials and Methods: Besides siRNA transfection and PDT treatment, the following methods were used: immunoblotting for protein expression, mass spectrometry for sphingolipid analysis, spectroflurometry and flow cytometry for apoptosis detection, and trypan blue assay for cell viability evaluation. Results: CERS1 knockdown led to inhibition of PDT-induced caspase 3-like (DEVDase) activation, of apoptosis and cell death. CERS1 knockdown was associated with global and selective decreases in ceramides and dihydroceramides, in particular C18-, C18:1- and C20-ceramide post-PDT. Conclusion: Our novel findings are consistent with the notion that CERS1 regulates apoptotic resistance to PDT, partly via C18- and C20-ceramide, and that CERS1 is a molecular target for controlling resistance to PDT. Production of the sphingolipid ceramide is associated with
Lethal interference competition in the whitefly parasitoids Eretmocerus eremicus and Encarsia sophia

Recent population-dynamic theory suggests that mechanisms of lethal interference competition can have profound effects on parasitoid coexistence and pest suppression in biological control systems. We investigated lethal intraspecific and interspecific interference competition in Eretmocerus eremicus and Encarsia sophia, parasitoids of the whitefly pest, Bemisia tabaci. Our first experiments evaluated whether one or both species could suppress the progeny production of the other species through two mechanisms of lethal interference competition: (1) usurpation of hosts in cases of multiparasitism, and (2) host feeding on and killing parasitised hosts. We found that both species could suppress the progeny production of the other. E. eremicus' effect on E. sophia appeared to reflect multiparasitism. E. sophia's effect on E. eremicus appeared to reflect a combination of multiparasitism and host feeding on parasitised hosts. Second, we investigated the effects of lethal intraspecific interference on conspecific progeny production in both species. E. sophia interfered intraspecifically by host feeding on parasitised hosts. E. eremicus also apparently host fed on parasitised hosts, however the effect of host feeding on conspecific progeny production was slight. Third, host dissections and behavioral observations confirmed the mechanisms inferred from the progeny production experiments. Our results suggest a need to consider mechanisms of lethal interference competition in theoretical and empirical research on parasitoid competition.
Comparative Administration Methods, Muddles, and Models

This article explores three theoretical and methodological problems in the comparative study of public administration: (1) the relations of parts of the administrative system, usually the focus of ...
Inhibition of Ascorbic Acid Uptake by Endotoxin: Evidence of Mediation by Serum Factor(s)

The effect of bacterial endotoxin on the ascorbic acid uptake by 3T6 fibroblasts was studied. Endotoxin inhibited ascorbic acid uptake by fibroblasts in a dose dependent manner. The inhibition by endotoxin takes place only in the presence of unheated serum; decomplementing serum by heat inactivation at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes eliminates endotoxin's inhibitory effect on ascorbic acid uptake. The effect of endotoxin appears to be instantaneous since the inhibition seen in the cells without any preexposure was similar to the cells preexposed to endotoxin for up to 6 hours. Polymyxin B sulfate which is known to bind the lipid A portion of endotoxin did not reverse the inhibition of ascorbic acid uptake caused by endotoxin.
Mitochondrial Energetics During Transients Following Substrate And Ca2+ Additions. Modeling And Experimental Studies

Ionic equilibria are known to be dramatically altered in failing hearts, as well as during and after ischemic injury. Ion transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane has been shown to modulate the energetic performance of mitochondria. Consequently, it is critical to thoroughly understand the interrelationship between ion fluxes and energetics. With this aim in mind, here we continue to develop our computational model of mitochondrial energetics to account for pH regulation, Na+/H+ cotransport, and the Pi carrier, and study their effects on mitochondrial energy production and Ca2+ handling mediated by the Ca2+ uniporter and Na+/Ca+ exchanger. Since time-dependent behavior represents the most stringent criterion of model validation, we perform direct comparisons of simulation results with experimental data obtained after challenging isolated mitochondria from guinea pig hearts with substrate and Ca2+ additions in the presence of different Na+ concentrations. Experimentally, we measured NADH and mitochondrial membrane potential (ratiometrically determined with TMRM) to monitor mitochondrial energetics. The model is able to reproduce the time course of NADH and membrane potential upon addition of 5mM glutamate plus malate followed by 2mM Pi and 1mM ADP. Moreover, the model recapitulates the NADH recovery profile after Ca2+ addition (0.1 to 0.5uM) during state 3 or state 4 respiration in the presence of either 5 or 15mM Na+. The results indicate that the computational model employed is able to account for the response of mitochondrial energetics to all experimental conditions tested. This work is supported by NIH grant R33HL87345.
Temporal specification of an integrity kernel for multimedia office systems

The authors report on the temporal specification of integrity systems with the interval specification language ISL. ISL is based on a form of interval temporal logic and provides a framework for a logic of knowledge and belief about data integrity. ISL is a design tool for integrity kernels in office information systems where the dynamic evaluation of data integrity based upon partial knowledge and informed judgment is required. The D.D. Clark and D.R.A. Wilson (1981) integrity model, designed to prevent fraudulent and erroneous data modification, is subsumed. An integrity system which includes extensions to the concept defined in the Multimedia Office Server (MULTOS) project is given. An integrity characteristic tuple incorporating the notions of correctness, completeness, quality, timeliness, and confidence associated with each constrained document component is presented. A specification for a simplified integrity kernel is provided. >
Practice Environments and Job Satisfaction in Patient-Centered Medical Homes

PURPOSE We undertook a study to evaluate the effects of medical home trans- formation on job satisfaction in the primary care setting. METHODS We collected primary data from 20 primary care practices participat- ing in medical home pilot projects in Rhode Island and Colorado from 2009 to 2011. We surveyed clinicians and staff about the quality of their practice envi- ronments (eg, office chaos, communication, difficulties in providing safe, high- quality care) and job satisfaction at baseline and 30 months, and about stress, burnout, and intention to leave at 30 months. We interviewed practice leaders about the impact of pilot project participation. We assessed longitudinal changes in the practice environment and job satisfaction and, in the final pilot year, examined cross-sectional associations between the practice environment and job satisfaction, stress, burnout, and intention to leave. RESULTS Between baseline and 30 months, job satisfaction improved in Rhode Island (P = .03) but not in Colorado. For both pilot projects, reported difficulties in providing safe, high-quality care decreased (P <.001), but emphasis on quality and the level of office chaos did not change significantly. In cross-sectional analyses, fewer difficulties in providing safe, high-quality care and more open communication were associated with greater job satisfaction. Greater office chaos and an emphasis on electronic information were associated with greater stress and burnout. CONCLUSIONS Medical home transformations that emphasize quality and open communication while minimizing office chaos may offer the best chances of improving job satisfaction.
LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELING OF SOFTWARE QUALITY

Reliable software is mandatory for complex mission-critical systems. Classifying modules as fault-prone, or not, is a valuable technique for guiding development processes, so that resources can be focused on those parts of a system that are most likely to have faults. Logistic regression offers advantages over other classification modeling techniques, such as interpretable coefficients. There are few prior applications of logistic regression to software quality models in the literature, and none that we know of account for prior probabilities and costs of misclassification. A contribution of this paper is the application of prior probabilities and costs of misclassification to a logistic regression-based classification rule for a software quality model. This paper also contributes an integrated method for using logistic regression in software quality modeling, including examples of how to interpret coefficients, how to use prior probabilities, and how to use costs of misclassifications. A case study of a major subsystem of a military, real-time system illustrates the techniques.
In Vivo Imaging of Thrombin Activity in Experimental Thrombi With Thrombin-Sensitive Near-Infrared Molecular Probe

Objective— Thrombin, a serine protease, plays an important role in thrombosis as well as other cellular and developmental processes. In this study, we investigated the ability of a novel thrombin-activatable molecular probe to provide in vivo images of thrombin activity in experimental thrombi. Methods and Results— The thrombin probe consists of a near-infrared (NIR) fluorochrome attached to a delivery vehicle via a thrombin-specific oligopeptide substrate. In human blood, endogenous thrombin activated the thrombin probe and increased the fluorescence signal by 18-fold (P=0.008). Hirudin, a specific thrombin inhibitor, suppressed probe activation by 82% (P=0.007). Imaging of in vivo thrombin activity was then investigated in acute experimental murine thrombosis models up to 12 hours. After systemic thrombin probe injection, focal NIR fluorescence signal enhancement was rapidly detected within acute and subacute thrombi. In contrast, no thrombosis signal enhancement was seen in similar experiments with a c...
Experiences of Living With Non-Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Implications for Clinical Practice

Lymphedema is a chronic medical condition caused by lymphatic insufficiency that can lead to extreme swelling and susceptibility to infection. Physical and psychosocial effects of the condition can have a significant impact on an individual's life and level of participation. Research about experiences of individuals living with lymphedema has focused primarily on women with breast cancer, yet individuals with non-cancer-related lymphedema are a distinct group. In this study, the authors used qualitative description to explore the experience of 7 individuals living with advanced and complicated cases of lymphedema who had been treated in an inpatient setting. Findings reveal the extensive impact lymphedema has on those who live with it. Participants spoke of difficulty finding a correct diagnosis and effective treatment, the importance of their inpatient experiences, and the challenges of daily self-management. The authors make recommendations to increase lymphedema awareness, promote inpatient treatment programs, and create effective self-management techniques.
A machine learning approach for the prediction of protein surface loop flexibility

Proteins often undergo conformational changes when binding to each other. A major fraction of backbone conformational changes involves motion on the protein surface, particularly in loops. Accounting for the motion of protein surface loops represents a challenge for protein-protein docking algorithms. A first step in addressing this challenge is to distinguish protein surface loops that are likely to undergo backbone conformational changes upon protein-protein binding (mobile loops) from those that are not (stationary loops). In this study, we developed a machine learning strategy based on support vector machines (SVMs). Our SVM uses three features of loop residues in the unbound protein structures-Ramachandran angles, crystallographic B-factors, and relative accessible surface area-to distinguish mobile loops from stationary ones. This method yields an average prediction accuracy of 75.3% compared with a random prediction accuracy of 50%, and an average of 0.79 area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using cross-validation. Testing the method on an independent dataset, we obtained a prediction accuracy of 70.5%. Finally, we applied the method to 11 complexes that involve members from the Ras superfamily and achieved prediction accuracy of 92.8% for the Ras superfamily proteins and 74.4% for their binding partners.
Influence of aspect and stand age on ground flora of southeastern Ohio forest ecosystems

The species composition and diversity of the ground flora (vascular plants less than one meter in height excluding tree seedlings) were compared between sixteen mesic northeast-facing and sixteen dry southwest-facing middle slopes in southeastern Ohio. On each aspect, eight of the plots were located in second-growth forest stands (70 to 90 years in age) and eight of the plots were located in old-growth forest stands (greater than 150 years in age) in order to determine how the ground flora on opposing slopes varies with time since major disturbance. Physiographic and A horizon characteristics were measured to select comparable plots. Multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) detected significant differences in the ground-flora species composition of second-growth and old-growth plots on both northeast-facing and southwest-facing slopes. In addition, the ground-flora species composition of northeast-facing plots differed significantly from that of southwest-facing plots. Northeast-facing plots were significantly higher in species richness and Hill's diversity (N1) than southwest-facing plots. Northeast-facing second-growth plots were also significantly higher in species richness and Hill's diversity than northeast-facing old-growth plots. No significant differences in these measures were found between southwest-facing second-growth and old-growth forests plots. Twenty-one species were identified as potential indicators of age, based on their distribution across the plots. Certain species with similar ecological characteristics were found to have similar patterns of occurrence. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which differences in the ground flora of second-growth old-growth reflect the sensitivity of individual species to past disturbance.
Superconductors: Processing of High‐TC Bulk, Thin Film, and Wires

The sections in this article are 1 Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors 2 Processing of High-Temperature Superconductors 3 Processing of Bulk Superconductors 4 Characterization of Bulk Superconductors 5 Processing of Hts Thin Films 6 Processing of Superconducting Wires and Tapes 7 Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors
Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Options for DSM-IV

Five alternative sets of diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders are presented in the appendix following this report. They include the DSM-III-R criteria, the most recent version of the ICD-10 research criteria, and three new sets that have been proposed as options for DSM-IV. A multicenter field trial is currently gathering data that will allow researchers to compare the performance characteristics of each set of criteria, including dimensions such as classification rates, reliability, and user-friendliness. In this report, the rationale behind the proposed modifications and the methods and goals of the field trials are summarized.
Alert dwell time: introduction of a measure to evaluate interruptive clinical decision support alerts

Metrics for evaluating interruptive prescribing alerts have many limitations. Additional methods are needed to identify opportunities to improve alerting systems and prevent alert fatigue. In this study, the authors determined whether alert dwell time-the time elapsed from when an interruptive alert is generated to when it is dismissed-could be calculated by using historical alert data from log files. Drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts from 3 years of electronic health record data were queried. Alert dwell time was calculated for 25,965 alerts, including 777 unique DDIs. The median alert dwell time was 8 s (range, 1-4913 s). Resident physicians had longer median alert dwell times than other prescribers (P < 001). The 10 most frequent DDI alerts (n = 8759 alerts) had shorter median dwell times than alerts that only occurred once (P < 001). This metric can be used in future research to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of interruptive prescribing alerts.
The simultaneous quantification of cytochrome P450 dependent linoleate and arachidonate metabolites in urine by HPLC-MS/MS.

A method for the simultaneous quantification of urinary linoleic and arachidonic acid derived epoxides and diols, as well as the arachidonate omega hydroxylated prod- uct has been developed. The method employs negative mode electrospray ionization and HPLC with tandem mass spectroscopy for quantification. Odd chain length saturated epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids are used as analytical surro- gates resulting in linear calibrations ( r 2 � 0.9995). Standard addition analyses showed that matrix effects do not prevent these surrogates from yielding reliable quantitative results. Using 4 ml urine aliquots at a final extract volume of 100 � l and injecting 10 � l, method detection limits and limits of quantification were � 0.5 and 1.5 nM, respectively. The sen- sitivity for dihydroxy lipids was from 3- to 10-fold greater than the corresponding epoxy fatty acid. Shot to shot run times of 31 min were achieved. Rodent and human urine analyses indicated the method sensitivity is sufficient for general research applications. In addition, diurnal fluctua- tions in linoleate and arachidonate derived metabolites were observed in human subjects. —Newman, J. W., T. Wa- tanabe, and B. D. Hammock. The simultaneous quantifica- tion of cytochrome P450 dependent linoleate and arachido- nate metabolites in urine by HPLC-MS/MS. J. Lipid. Res. 2002. 43: 1563-1578.
Dielectric breakdown of polypropylene under high frequency fields

Polypropylene, a low-loss, high-dielectric-strength film was characterized for its dielectric properties under high-voltage, high-frequency conditions. The properties that were measured included the breakdown voltages and the high-voltage aging characteristics at frequencies up to 30 kHz. The exponential law is used in the evaluation of the experimental data, and the constants of this voltage aging model are calculated to show their dependence on the frequency of the applied voltage. >
Chemokines and Their Receptors Are Key Players in the Orchestra That Regulates Wound Healing

Significance: Normal wound healing progresses through a series of overlapping phases, all of which are coordinated and regulated by a variety of molecules, including chemokines. Because these regulatory molecules play roles during the various stages of healing, alterations in their presence or function can lead to dysregulation of the wound-healing process, potentially leading to the development of chronic, nonhealing wounds. Recent Advances: A discovery that chemokines participate in a variety of disease conditions has propelled the study of these proteins to a level that potentially could lead to new avenues to treat disease. Their small size, exposed termini, and the fact that their only modifications are two disulfide bonds make them excellent targets for manipulation. In addition, because they bind to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), they are highly amenable to pharmacological modulation. Critical Issues: Chemokines are multifunctional, and in many situations, their functions are highly dependent...
Changes in foraging behaviour during the infective stage of entomopathogenic nematodes

Studies of foraging strategies are often complicated by competing goals of the forager. In contrast, non-feeding infective juvenile entomopathogenic nematodes forage exclusively for a single host. Two questions were posed: (1) what is the relationship between metabolic rate, energy reserves and foraging strategy and (2) when a foraging strategy fails, will an infective-stage parasite switch strategies? Three species of entomopathogenic nematodes were stored in water and changes in their behaviour, metabolic rate, energy reserves, and infectivity were measured throughout the storage period. Steinernema carpocapsae ambushes insect hosts, whereas S. glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora cruise forage. Steinernema carpocapsae was least active and had the lowest metabolic rate. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was more active and had the highest metabolic rate. Steinernema glaseri was most active and had an intermediate metabolic rate. Neither cruising species changed foraging strategy. Steinernema carpocapsae decreased nictation (a behaviour associated with ambushing only) and increased their locomotory rate. Any change in searching strategy occurred without assessment of the profitability or distribution of potential hosts, but the advantage this confers is unknown.
Role of RNA in bacteriophage φ29 DNA packaging

Abstract A novel bacteriophage φ29 RNA of 174 nucleotides is essential for the in vitro packaging of the DNA-terminal protein complex into proheads. The RNA, bound to the prohead portal vertex (connector), participates in assembly and function of the DNA translocating ATPase and in recognition of the DNA left-end during the course of the packaging reaction. The RNA is present in related phages and varies widely in primary sequence, but its secondary structure, as deduced by phylogenetic analysis, is both highly conserved and unique among small RNAs.
Epileptic spasms: a previously unreported manifestation of WDR45 gene mutation

WDR45 mutations cause neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, usually presenting with early childhood developmental delay and followed by early adulthood extrapyramidal symptoms. Although various seizure types may occur, epileptic spasms have not been reported for this disease. Our patient initially developed a prolonged, focal-onset seizure at three months of age and was subsequently noted to have psychomotor delay. At 11 months of age, she developed epileptic spasms. Her EEG showed hypsarrhythmia. An extensive neurogenetic workup and brain MRI, revealing normal data, ruled out other detectable causes of epileptic spasms. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo, heterozygous deleterious mutation c.400C>T (p.R13X) in WDR45, previously reported to be disease-causing and associated with early childhood global developmental delay and seizures other than epileptic spasms. We conclude that WDR45 mutations should be considered as a possible aetiology in infants with early-onset focal seizures and/or in otherwise undiagnosed cases of epileptic spasms.
Remembering Our Forebears: Albert Jan Kluyver and the Unity of Life

The Dutch microbiologist/biochemist Albert Jan Kluyver (1888-1956) was an early proponent of the idea of biochemical unity, and how that concept might be demonstrated through the careful study of microbial life. The fundamental relatedness of living systems is an obvious correlate of the theory of evolution, and modern attempts to construct phylogenetic schemes support this relatedness through comparison of genomes. The approach of Kluyver and his scientific descendants predated the tools of modern molecular biology by decades. Kluyver himself is poorly recognized today, yet his influence at the time was profound. Through lens of today however, it has been argued that the focus by Kluyver and others to create taxonomic and phylogenetic schemes using morphology and biochemistry distorted and hindered progress of the discipline of microbiology, because of a perception that the older approaches focused too much on a reductionist worldview. This essay argues that in contrast the careful characterization of fundamental microbial metabolism and physiology by Kluyver made many of the advances of the latter part of the twentieth century possible, by offering a framework which in many respects anticipated our current view of phylogeny, and by directly and indirectly training a generation of scientists who became leaders in the explosive growth of biotechnology.