cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical, mental co-morbidities and recovery outcomes among women

related to achieving improvements in assessment and case plan processes, specifically, success in implementing the process improvement goals of each change team? Using a comprehensive organizational survey administered at baseline, the presentation will assess the degree to which success in achieving goals is related to (1) organizational characteristics such as agreement on agency mission, cohesion among staff, communication, management support for change, staff turnover, agency coordination, and resources available for change and (2) staff characteristics such training and experience, workload, stress and burnout, work satisfaction, and support for evidence-based practices.
Marketplace Positioning in a Deregulated Environment

The strategic marketing response to deregulation is discussed, in particular to interstate banking, to the growing similarity between banks, thrift institutions and non‐banks and to the greater operational freedom implicit in technological change.
RADIATION PRESSURE AND MASS EJECTION IN ρ-LIKE STATES OF GRS 1915+105

We present a unifying scenario to address the physical origin of the diversity of X-ray light curves within the {rho} variability class of the microquasar GRS 1915+105. This 'heartbeat' state is characterized by a bright flare that recurs every {approx}50-100 s, but the profile and duration of the flares vary significantly from observation to observation. Based on a comprehensive, phase-resolved study of heartbeats in the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer archive, we demonstrate that very different X-ray light curves do not require origins in different accretion processes. Indeed, our detailed comparison of the phase-resolved spectra of a double-peaked oscillation and a single-peaked oscillation shows that different cycles can have basically similar X-ray spectral evolution. We argue that all heartbeat oscillations can be understood as the result of a combination of a thermal-viscous radiation pressure instability, a local Eddington limit in the disk, and a sudden, radiation-pressure-driven evaporation or ejection event in the inner accretion disk. This ejection appears to be a universal, fundamental part of the {rho} state, and is largely responsible for a hard X-ray pulse seen in the light curve of all cycles. We suggest that the detailed shape of oscillations in the mass accretion rate through the diskmore » is responsible for the phenomenological differences between different {rho}-type light curves, and we discuss how future time-dependent simulations of disk instabilities may provide new insights into the role of radiation pressure in the accretion flow.« less
Group decision making and communication technology

Abstract Advances in computing and telecommunications technology are changing how people can meet and make group decisions. Technological changes help people cross physical, social, and psychological boundaries, and have secondary effects on group behavior and decision making. Experiments show that, compared with a face-to-face meeting, a computer-mediated discussion leads to delays; more explicit and outspoken advocacy; “flaming;” more equal participation among group members; and more extreme, unconventional, or risky decisions. Technological and social psychological variables that cause these effects in laboratory groups do not scale at equal rates. Technological change in organizational group decision making can lead to outcomes not seen in the laboratory, which makes it essential to do field research. Three phenomena observed in field studies are redistributions of work time, relative advantages in participation for peripheral workers, and increases in complexity of group organization. Experimental and field studies on these technology effects are useful not just as an “impact statement” for those considering technological change; this research also can put a new light on basic processes in which we have always had an interest.
Absorption spectrum of excess electrons in molten alkali halide systems

Abstract Model calculations are performed of the spectrum of trapped electrons in molten alkali halides. The interaction of the electron with the cations in the first coordination layer is modeled by the use of pseudopotentials. The medium is replaced by judiciously place equal number of anions in a second coordination layer. With four nearest cations, the model leads to results which explain the trends observed in experiments by Schmitt and Schindewolf and Pikaev and coworkers, although the maximum in the absorption spectra is slightly greater than the experimental values. Preliminary results using a priori methods also yield results similar to the pseudopotential calculation for NaCl.
Excision of mismatched nucleotides from DNA: a potential mechanism for enhancing DNA replication fidelity by the wild-type p53 protein

The tumor suppressor p53 plays a critical role in the regulation of the cell cycle and the maintenance of genetic stability. The 3'-->5' exonuclease activity of p53 has recently been recognized as a novel biochemical function of this molecule, but the biological significance of this activity remains elusive. Using an in vitro DNA replication assay with purified human DNA polymerases, p53 protein, and defined DNA primer/templates, we demonstrated that the wild-type (wt) p53 protein, but not the mutant p53 protein, specifically enhanced the DNA replication fidelity of polymerase (pol) alpha, an enzyme that lacks 3'-->5' exonuclease activity. The misincorporation of non-complementary deoxynucleotides into DNA by pol alpha was substantially decreased by p53. In contrast, wt p53 showed no significant effect on replication fidelity or the rates of DNA synthesis by human pol epsilon or the bacterial enzyme pol I. Inhibition of 3'-->5' exonuclease activity by guanosine monophosphate (GMP) abolished the ability of p53 to enhance the replication fidelity of pol alpha. Quantitative analyses revealed that the 3'-->5' exonuclease activity of p53 effectively removed mismatched nucleotides from DNA in preference over matched nucleotides. Furthermore, study in intact cells revealed that the wt p53 protein was co-localized with DNA synthesis activity in S phase cells. These results suggest a possibility that the 3'-->5' exonuclease of the wt p53 protein might provide the proof-reading function for DNA pol alpha. The preferential excision of mismatched nucleotides from the replicating DNA strand appears to be a potential biochemical mechanism by which p53 enhances DNA replication fidelity and thereby helps to maintain genomic integrity.
Thermolysis of the Benzene Anion Radical 18-Crown-6 Complex

The C−O and C−H bonds of 18-crown-6 are activated when 18-crown-6 is complexed with the potassium salt of the benzene anion radical. Evacuated glass bulbs containing the solid anion radical salt of potassium 18-crown-6 benzene anion radical were plunged into a bath at 320 °C, resulting in mini-explosions and generating a series of compounds including dioxane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, divinyl ether, hydrogen, methane, and 15-crown-5. Deuterium labeling studies proved that all of these compounds originated from the 18-crown-6. Further, these labeling studies were an aid in discerning the mechanism of the decomposition. Benzene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, and cyclohexene were also generated. The last two originated from the reaction of the anion radical of benzene with hydrogen.
Conditions for a matrix Kronecker lemma

Abstract We prove a matrix Kronecker lemma under a weaker set of conditions than those used by Anderson and Moore (1976).
Effect of pH on the oxidation pathway of dopamine and dopa

The formation of 6-hydroxylated o-diphenolic compounds and other intermediates during the oxidation of dopamine, dopa and 3[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]propionic acid by NaIO4 or mushroom tyrosinase was studied using high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The results suggest the following: (1) acidic conditions are necessary to achieve accumulation of both dopaquinone and dopaminequinone during dopa and dopamine oxidation by NaIO4 and also seem essential in the o-quinone hydroxylation pathway; (2) accumulation of o-quinones probably results in the formation of semiquinone owing to the interaction between o-quinone species and o-diphenolic precursors; (3) quinone methide is probably the reactive intermediate involved in the formation of 6-hydroxylated o-diphenolic compounds; (4) rapid hydroxylation of dopaquinone is due to the effect of the side chain carboxy group by enhancing the release of the β proton, thereby facilitating the tautomerization of dopaquinone to quinone methide; (5) neutral buffer promotes both the cyclization pathway of dopaquinone and dopaminequinone to form their respective aminochromes and the structural rearrangement of these aminochromes to 5,6-dihydroxyindole.
Effects of tezosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, on the cardiovascular and renal systems of neonatal piglets.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Endothelin is a potent biological vasoactive mediator in the cardiovascular and renal systems. Little is known of the effects of endothelin antagonism on the developing heart and kidney, and we hope to show that endothelin does have an important role in the cardiovascular and renal systems of the developing neonate. In this study the authors have examined the effects of tezosentan, a nonselective endothelin-A and endothelin-B receptor antagonist designed for parenteral use, on the cardiovascular and renal systems of healthy neonatal piglets. Methods: Eight, 7- to 10-day old domestic piglets weighing 2.5 to 3.0 kg were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated with catheters placed into the jugular vein, left ventricle, and femoral artery. Urine output was monitored via a suprapubic cystostomy. After baseline data were obtained the piglets received tezosentan (1 mg/kg/h) for 1 hour. A set of data was collected just before discontinuation of the 1-hour infusion of tezosentan and another set was collected 1 hour after the discontinuation of the drug. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and urine output (UV) were monitored continuously and cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), renal blood flow (RBF), and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were calculated from gamma counts obtained from injections of radio-labeled microspheres at end of the different time periods. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was obtained by the sodium iothalamate method. Data were averaged and plotted versus time and analyzed statistically by a Student's t test. Results: ( P Conclusions: The inhibition of endothelin receptors with tezosentan produced a statistically significant effect on the piglet cardiovascular system with a drop in MAP and SVR and an increase in CI and HR. It also produced a statistically significant increase in RBF and UV and a decrease in RVR without affecting GFR. J Pediatr Surg 36:1824-1828. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
LVAD Explant to Recovery in Females Following Prolonged Support

Purpose The discovery of native LV recovery and criteria for explant of implantable LVAD system is very complex due to the heterogeneity of the population implanted and the low incidence of recovery. Over a period of 16 months five female LVAD patients were successfully explanted. There are several contributing factors in assessing for and discovering LV recovery that this population demonstrate, foremost that 80% of the series presented with hemolysis as an in initial presentation of LV recovery. Methods and Materials Following an initial occurrence of device thrombosis resulting in device explants in a series of women, a review of quality measures was undertaken to evaluate if any contributing factor could be identified. Patient profiles, echo results, speed management, anti-coagulation therapy and risk factor for device thrombosis were all assessed. Results The 5 patients were all female, presented in acute shock at time of HMII implant, and had a mean duration of 841 days on HMII support with a median of 950 days. Anti-coagulation therapy was customized to each patient; all were on Coumadin, 4 of the 5 were on aspirin. Four of the 5 patients presented for admission to hospital with hemolysis. TEE and right heart catheterization were used as clinically indicated to determine explantability. A full comparison of SV and EF pre and post explants was limited by quality of echo images. A (-)below denotes it was not measured. Conclusions LV recovery should be studied at regular intervals in the acute HMII population as well as be considered as a differential diagnosis in HMII patients presenting with hemolysis, especially in the younger female population. Summary of Finding : “VAD Explant Age Etiology of HF LVEF/SV Pre Imp Days of Support LVEF/SV Pre-Explant LD u/L INR 1 39 Peripartum 15% 1061 63%/ 65cc 1349 2.1 2 30 Peripartum 10% 246 55%/ 44cc 3154 1.8 3 38 Ischemic 24% 900 50%/ 62cc 1681 1.6 4 45 Ischemic 17% 950 62% / 33cc NA 1.1 5 44 Ischemic 15% 1050 NA 1207 1.5
The test needs of application-specific integrated circuits

This paper discusses the particular test needs of non-standard, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). It covers the need for accurate device simulation integrated with a post-processor and test system software, to enable cost-effective testing to be performed.
Effect of media composition on growth, plasmid stability and ovine interferon-τ production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Recombinant protein production is often influenced by the stability of plasmid carrying the cloned gene and the final biomass yield. Ovine (sheep) interferon-τ (oIFNτ) has been expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the regulation of a hybrid alcohol dehydrogenase 2/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. The influence of media composition on growth rate, biomass yield, plasmid stability and oIFNτ were studied. In a selective medium, with leucine and uracil selection, the plasmid stability was good but the yeast failed to grow to high cell densities. In 60-l fermentations, oIFNτ yields of 49 mg/l were achieved for complex media and about 3.4 mg/l for casamino acids with uracil selection based on bioassay. A fraction of the protein was insoluble and was solubilized by 6 M guanidine hydrochloride.
Premorbid psychological factors as related to cancer incidence

In planning for studies relating psychological factors and/or stress (PF&/0S) to cancer, one should be aware of epidemiological findings that might contribute to or even account wholly for any found relationships. Most studies have not examined the known biological causes of cancer, nor have they described a rationale for relationships sought. The two broad mechanisms leading to cancer, carcinogenesis and lowered resistance to it, include physical and chemical causes, viruses and chronic infection, medication, genetic predisposition, hormonal stimuli, and aging. Interfering variables may bias or dilute a real relationship. Validity and reliability of instruments measuring PF&/oS are so variable as to warrant considerable care in their use. The latent periods of different cancers are measured in years, not months, with consequent potent impact on possible inferences drawn from prebiopsy and short prospective studies. In these and in retrospective studies, cancer can have strong and biasing effects on apparently straightforward PF&/oS measurements, as can iatrogenic effects. Some theoretical issues are discussed. The known prospective studies are discussed and reasons are given for the view that they are less convincing than many seem to think. A sketch of a model relating PF&/oS to cancer appearance is outlined, with some theoretical implications, and issues in research design are addressed.
Higher-order parity states of the quantum electromagnetic field

Abstract We construct higher-order parity observables for a single mode of the quantum electromagnetic field from harmonics of the ordinary parity observable cos ( π n ˆ ) . Higher-order parity states arise when the quantum-optical Hilbert space is projected into specific groupings of photon number. Optical systems with cross-Kerr nonlinearities can produce such parity states. Here, we generalize the dispersive micromaser cavity QED formalism of C.C. Gerry [Phys. Rev. A 53 (1996) 3818] to demonstrate that these states are also produced in systems governed by atom–field interactions.
Constrained objects for modeling complex structures (extended abstract)

Constrained objects are objects whose state is regulated by constraints. They are applicable in many domains, e.g., engineering and organizational modeling. Our proposed language (Cob) supports class hierarchies, constraints, and preferences; and our computational model supports constraint satisfaction, optimization and relaxation. Constrained objects are thus a declarative approach to object-oriented programming.
Food habits and distribution of wintering canvasbacks, Aythya valisineria, on Chesapeake Bay

Baltic clams (Macoma balthica) were the predominant food items of 323 canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) collected throughout Chesapeake Bay during 1970–1979. Natural vegetation constituted 4% of the food volume. Widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima) and redhead grass (Potamogeton perfoliatus) constituted the greatest percent volume and frequency of occurrence among the plant species, whereas wild celery (Vallisneria americana) constituted only a trace of the food volume. These results contrast with historical records of food habits of canvasbacks in Chesapeake Bay. Canvasback population estimates during the 1970’s were examined to detect annual and seasonal changes in distribution. Linear regression analyses of winter canvasback populations in the bay showed a significant decline in the upper-bay and middle-bay populations, but no significant changes in the lower-bay and Potomac River populations. The changes in winter distribution and abundance of the canvasback appear related to changes in natural food availability, which is the result of altered environmental conditions.
The thromboxane receptor antagonist SQ 30,741 reduces myocardial infarct size in monkeys when given during reperfusion at a threshold dose for improving reflow during thrombolysis.

Abstract The threshold dose of the selective thromboxane receptor antagonist SQ 30,741 for increasing reflow during thrombolysis was identified and then evaluated in a model of myocardial ischemia with reperfusion. In anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys, stenotic carotid arteries were occluded with a platelet-rich thrombus by electrical stimulation and recanalized with streptokinase (680 U/min intraarterially for 1 h) and heparin (200 U/kg + 120 U/h intravenously for 3 h). Concurrent administration of SQ 30,741 (2.1 mg/kg + 0.5 mg/kg per h intravenously for 3 h; n = 4) enhanced the extent of reflow 174% compared with saline solution (n = 4; p This threshold dose was tested in anesthetized African green monkeys subjected to 90 min of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion and 5 h of reperfusion. SQ 30,741 (n = 8) or saline solution (n = 11) was administered 2 min before reperfusion and continued throughout reperfusion. The heart was removed on termination of reperfusion and perfused in vitro with Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride dyes to stain tissue at risk and infarcted tissue, respectively. The percent of left ventricle at risk did not differ between saline- (37 ± 4%) and SQ 30,741-treated (35 ± 3%) monkeys. In contrast, infarcted tissue expressed as percent of the left ventricle at risk was less (p This 36% reduction in infarct size occurred without significant differences between treatments in hemodynamic variables and myocardial blood flows (as assessed by radioactive microspheres) measured during control, occlusion and reperfusion intervals. Thus, a dose of SQ 30,741 that stabilizes reflow after thrombolysis also possesses antiischemic activity when administered only during coronary reperfusion in monkeys.
Corrigendum to “Examining intra-urban variation in fine particle mass constituents using GIS and constrained factor analysis” [Atmos. Environ. 43 (2009) 5545-5555]

Corrigendum to “Examining intra-urban variation in fine particle mass constituents using GIS and constrained factor analysis” [Atmos. Environ. 43 (2009) 5545e5555] Jane E. Clougherty *, E. Andres Houseman , Jonathan I. Levy a Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Landmark Center 4th Floor West, Boston, MA 02215, USA Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Center for Environmental Health and Technology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Room 217, Providence, RI 02903, USA
Effects of Sentence Structure on Sentence Elicited Imitation Responses.

This study investigates the effects of sentence structure on the number of error sentences and response latency in a sentence-repetition task. Forty female college students repeated short and long ...
A mental space similarity group model of shape constancy

Abstract A group model of mental transformations based on the geometric model of P. B. Yale (1968, Geometry and symmetry, Holden–Day, San Francisco) was constructed for form recognition. The model consisted of nine characteristic subgroups of the similarity group in Euclidean space. With these subgroups, six series were formed, representing six visual paths for form recognition. Each series involved five characteristic subgroups. Six subframes were associated with nine characteristic subgroups in the model. These subframes were shape (angle measure), the sense, size (volume), verticality, uprightness, and position. The model was validated by an experiment, using reaction time as the behavior index. Since shape is the common invariant property of all subgroups of the similarity group, angle measure was not included in ordering of subframes. The findings show that the preservation of uprightness of a form provides the best condition for form recognition, followed by the preservation of sense and verticality of a form. While the effect of position is not strong, size has the weakest influence on space form recognition.
A GUIDE TO THE VEGETATIVE COMMUNITIES AT THE VALLEY OF THE GIANTS, OUTSTANDING NATURAL AREA, NORTHWESTERN OREGON, USA

(1987). A GUIDE TO THE VEGETATIVE COMMUNITIES AT THE VALLEY OF THE GIANTS, OUTSTANDING NATURAL AREA, NORTHWESTERN OREGON, USA. Arboricultural Journal: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 209-225.
Blue light source based on spectrally stabilized external dual grating reflector coupled surface emitter array

Second harmonic generation (SHG) from near infrared (IR) diode lasers is an attractive solution for blue-light sources with high peak power and narrow linewidth. IR sources based on broad stripe devices with narrow linewidth makes it possible to achieve a wide range of wavelengths throughout the blue region. This paper summarizes recent results utilizing a configuration of external dual grating reflector coupled surface emitting laser array for blue light generation.
Accurate prediction of term birth weight from prospectively measurable maternal characteristics

Objective: To determine whether accurate prediction of term birth weight is possible based on maternal characteristics routinely measured remote from term, and to compare this technique to more expensive methods requiring obstetrical ultrasound examinations.Methods: Two hundred fifty-nine normal, non-smoking, non-diabetic Caucasian gravidas with uncomplicated term gestations were studied. Seven maternal characteristics (age, parity, height, weight, level of obesity, rate of pregnancy weight gain, and glucose screening test result) and two fetal characteristics (fetal gender and length of gestation) were evaluated alone and in combination for their predictive values in determining birth weight. A cross-validated split-sample multiple regression analysis was used to determine which combinations of these variables were significant and a birth weight prediction equation was developed. Predictive accuracy was assessed using a jackknifing procedure, and results were compared to similar types of birthweight predictions obtained both via previous algorithms based upon maternal characteristics and those developed for use with fetal ultrasonographic biometric data.Results: Significant predictors of term birth weight were gestational age, fetal gender, parity, maternal height, maternal weight, and third trimester maternal weight gain rate. These prospectively measurable variables explained 33% of the variance in birth weight and predicted birth weight to within 10.8%. These results were compared to those obtained from other previously published algorithms and were more accurate than all others derived from either maternal characteristics or fetal ultrasonographic data. Our term birth weight prediction equation is: birth weight (g)=gestational age (days)x[9.40+0.255xgender+ 0.000232xheight (cm)xmaternal weight at 26 wk (kg)+ 4.89x3rd trimester weight gain rate (kg/d)x(parity+1)]where: gender=-1 for females;+1 for males;0 for unknown gender gestational age=conceptual age (days)+14Conclusion: Term birth weight can be accurately predicted using routinely measurable maternal characteristics. Birth weight estimates using our equation are both prospectively derivable starting from the end of the second trimester and more accurate than any previously devised algorithms, including methods based upon ultrasonographic fetal biometric data.
Dysregulated ΔNp63α Inhibits Expression of Ink4a/arf, Blocks Senescence, and Promotes Malignant Conversion of Keratinocytes

p63 is critical for squamous epithelial development, and elevated levels of the ΔNp63α isoform are seen in squamous cell cancers of various organ sites. However, significant controversy exists regarding the role of p63 isoforms as oncoproteins or tumor suppressors. Here, lentiviruses were developed to drive long-term overexpression of ΔNp63α in primary keratinocytes. Elevated levels of ΔNp63α in vitro promote long-term survival and block both replicative and oncogene-induced senescence in primary keratinocytes, as evidenced by the expression of SA-β-gal and the presence of nuclear foci of heterochromatin protein 1γ. The contribution of ΔNp63α to cancer development was assessed using an in vivo grafting model of experimental skin tumorigenesis that allows distinction between benign and malignant tumors. Grafted lenti-ΔNp63α keratinocytes do not form tumors, whereas lenti-GFP/v-rasHa keratinocytes develop well-differentiated papillomas. Lenti-ΔNp63α/v-rasHa keratinocytes form undifferentiated carcinomas. The average volume of lenti-ΔNp63α/v-rasHa tumors was significantly higher than those in the lenti-GFP/v-rasHa group, consistent with increased BrdU incorporation detected by immunohistochemistry. The block in oncogene-induced senescence corresponds to sustained levels of E2F1 and phosphorylated AKT, and is associated with loss of induction of p16ink4a/p19arf. The relevance of p16ink4a/p19arf loss was demonstrated in grafting studies of p19arf-null keratinocytes, which develop malignant carcinomas in the presence of v-rasHa similar to those arising in wildtype keratinocytes that express lenti-ΔNp63α and v-rasHa. Our findings establish that ΔNp63α has oncogenic activity and its overexpression in human squamous cell carcinomas contributes to the malignant phenotype, and implicate its ability to regulate p16ink4a/p19arf in the process.
Analysis of a ventilated solar evaporator for concentrating dilute hazardous waste

A mathematical model of a ventilated solar evaporator for concentration of dilute waste is presented. The design is similar to conventional solar still design, but allows for air flow in order to enhance the evaporation rate. The model consists of energy and mass balances on the basin, liquid concentrate, air and glazing. The model shows that the thermal efficiency of the evaporator is enhanced by convective air flow. Single cover evaporators are more efficient than two cover evaporators. Energy storage in the basin reduces efficiency.
Directed Self-Assembly of Lamellar Copolymers: Effects of Interfacial Interactions on Domain Shape

The depth-dependent structure of a poly(styrene-b-methylmethacrylate) (PS-PMMA) line grating (46 nm pitch) was calculated from quantitative analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering profiles. These ...
The density of states in dilute solid solutions

The difference in the density of states in energy in a dilute solid solution, relative to its value in the pure solvent, is derived. It is shown to be simply related to the energy level shift induced by virtual electron scattering off the solute ions and to the density of states in the pure solvent. The result, which follows from a brief physical argument, is shown to be completely equivalent to that obtained from a far more laborious derivation by means of Green function techniques. An application to the determination of the specific heat of dilute metallic solid solutions is given and a former incomplete result, as derived by Jones from an approximate evaluation of the Green function method, is amended. In two recent papers (Jones I964, I965, hereafter referred to as I and II), the effect of electron scattering upon the thermal properties of dilute metallic solid solutions has been discussed. Both constitute an attempt to improve upon the elementary rigid band model (cf. Mott & Jones I936) by incorporating the effect of virtual electron scattering off the solute ions. Only the simplest possible version of this problem was treated, the existence of bound states, either real or virtual, being excluded so that the usual one-electron approximation was applicable. It is also within this restricted context that the present paper is concerned. Since the specific heat of metallic systems is proportional to the density of states, N(e), at the Fermi energy, eF, the complete description of the effect of alloying is resolved into a determination of this function at that particular energy. However,
Performance of Asbestos Fiber Counting Laboratories in the NIOSH Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program

Asbestos fiber counting data reported in the NIOSH Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program are used in this study to evaluate the analytical performance of participating laboratories and to determine if overall performance has improved during a ten-year period. PAT laboratories have achieved intralaboratory precision of 0.18 to 0.28 relative standard deviation (RSD), and interlaboratory precision of 0.33 to 0.44 RSD. In addition, there was higher variability between PAT laboratories from 1974 to 1978, when the program underwent considerable change and growth than the variability found during previous or subsequent time periods. The improvement in interlaboratory precision by approximately one-third since 1974 and the tendency of laboratories with little PAT experience to have poorer interlaboratory precision than more experienced laboratories raises a concern that interlaboratory precision may deteriorate as large numbers of new laboratories start to enroll in the PAT Program with the increased empha...
Palladium Based Fabry-Pérot Etalons for Hydrogen Sensing

We present simulations and measurements of palladium coated etalon sensors for detection of hydrogen gas. Hydrogen concentration can be determined by the shift in the wavelength or amplitude of the minima in the interference pattern.
Influence of photoperiod on the localization of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovaries of maturing Japanese quail

Abstract Female Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ) were raised from hatch to maturity under either stimulatory (16L:8D) or nonstimulatory (8L:16D) light cycles. The localization of Δ 5 -3 β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( Δ 5 -3 β -HSD) was histochemically studied in the ovaries of these birds during the maturation period. The intensity of enzyme activity in the different cells of the ovary varied according to the age of the bird and its environmental lighting conditions. Birds exposed to 8L:16D had ovaries containing larger numbers of atretic follicles and stronger Δ 5 -3 β -HSD activity in ovarian interstitial cells. In birds exposed to long days, Δ 5 -3 β -HSD activity increased in all ovarian steroid-producing tissues as the birds approached puberty. Intense enzymic activity was observed in interstitial tissue, theca interna, stratum granulosum, atretic and postovulatory follicles. The intensity of Δ 5 -3 β -HSD activity was correlated with increases in ovarian weight in birds exposed to 16L:8D but not to 8L:16D.
Impact of Rhizobium nodules on Sitona hispidulus, the clover root curculio

The impact of nodules of Rhizobium on Sitona hispidulus (F.) developmental success was investigated in both laboratory and field situations. In the laboratory, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were grown with two nutrient solutions, one of which fostered and one of which inhibited nodulation. Neonate larvae were introduced onto the roots and survivorship and development monitored. Survivorship was greatly enhanced by the presence of nodules. Preference tests performed with neonate larvae indicated a strong attraction to root nodules. Field studies which used nitrogen fertilization to delay onset of nodulation in established alfalfa demonstrated that numbers of larvae and emerging adults were significantly lower in the nitrogen treated plots than in the control plots. RESUME Influence des nodosites rhizobiales sur Sitona hispidulus. L'influence des nodosites rhizobiales sur le developpement et la survie de Sitona hispidulus a ete etudiee en intervenant sur la nodulation de la plante. Au laboratoire, la luzerne (Medicago sativa) et le trefle rouge (Trifolium pratense) se sont developpes dans des pieces climatisees sur un substrat de sable/vermiculite et sur deux types de solutions nutritives (l'une avec azote, l'autre sans azote). La presence d'azote inhibe la nodulation des racines inoculees avec du Rhizobium. Des larves neonates ont ete placees sur des racines et examinees apres plusieurs semaines de croissance. La presence de nodules a eu un effet hautement significatif sur la survie larvaire. De plus, la presence de nodosites a effecte le developpement larvaire, en augmentant le taux de developpement sur luzerne et en le reduisant sur trefle. Une experience destinee a examiner la rapidite d'agregation des larves neonates sur ***des racines nodulees ou non, revele une forte preference pour les racines a nodosites. Des experiences dans la nature ont permis de retarder la nodulation de la luzerne en dormance pendant l'hiver par apports d'azote; l'echantillonnage des larves et des emergences d'adultes a indique une diminution signifcative des populations dans les parcelles ayant recu de l'azote.
Effects of endoluminal coronary stents on the frequency of coronary artery bypass grafting after unsuccessful percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization

Abstract Coronary artery stents have been rapidly incorporated into clinical practice so that they are currently deployed in nearly 50% of all patients undergoing angioplasty procedures in a busy laboratory. A decline in the frequency of coronary bypass surgery for unsuccessful angioplasty is associated with this change in practice—a decline in the use of atherectomy devices, and no increase in length of stay for angioplasty patients.
On The Graph Topology

It is shown that on the set of m-input, p-output minimal nth-order state-space systems that the graph topology and the induced Euclidean quotient topology are identical.
Major histocompatibility complex class I antigen expression, immunolocalization of interferon subtypes, and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in myopathies☆

Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression on target cells is a prerequisite for antigen-specific T cell-mediated cytotoxicity (TCMC). Enhanced MHC-I expression has been attributed to interferons (IFNs) released from inflammatory cells. In previous studies, we found evidence of TCMC (invasion of non-necrotic muscle fibers by cytotoxic T cells) in polymyositis (PM) and in inclusion body myositis (IBM). We occasionally found evidence of TCMC in Duchenne dystrophy (DD) but not in dermatomyositis (DM). This study examines the relationships between TCMC, MHC-I expression, and IFN immunoreactivity in these diseases and normal controls. In controls, reactivity for MHC-I was confined to blood vessels. In all diseases, regenerating fibers expressed MHC-I. In IBM, PM and DD, all nonnecrotic muscle fibers invaded by CD8+ cells and some adjacent fibers expressed MHC-I. In DM, myriad muscle fibers expressed MHC-I but none were invaded by CD8+ cells. In all diseases, only a few mononuclear cells and no muscle fiber surfaces were immunoreactive for IFNs. We conclude that MHC-I expression on muscle fibers is necessary but not sufficient for TCMC in myopathy; that the biological significance of increased MHC-I expression in DM remains undefined; and that currently available and appropriately controlled immunocytochemical methods show no relationship between increased MHC-I expression on muscle fibers and local IFN synthesis by mononuclear cells.
Liver X Receptor (LXR) Regulation of the LXRα Gene in Human Macrophages

The nuclear oxysterol receptors LXRα (NR1H3) and LXRβ (NR1H2) coordinately regulate the expression of genes involved in the transport and catabolism of cholesterol. In macrophages, LXR stimulates the transcription of genes encoding transporters involved in cholesterol efflux, which may limit the transformation of these cells into foam cells in response to lipid loading. Here, we report that natural and synthetic LXR ligands induce the expression of the LXRα gene in primary human macrophages and differentiated THP-1 macrophages. This regulation was not observed in primary human adipocytes or hepatocytes, a human intestinal cell line, or in any mouse tissue or cell line examined. The human LXRα gene was isolated, and the transcription initiation site delineated. Analysis of the LXRα promoter revealed a functional LXR/RXR binding site ∼2.9 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site. We conclude that LXRα regulates its own expression in human macrophages and that this response is likely to amplify the effects of oxysterols on reverse cholesterol transport. These findings underscore the importance of LXR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
NMR and molecular modeling investigations of the neuropeptide substance P in the presence of 15 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles

To better understand the structural basis of the biological activity of the neuropeptide substance P SP; (Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy experiments and simulated annealing calculations were used to investigate the conformation adopted in the presence of the membrane model system sodium dodecyl sulfate. It was determined that SP in the presence of SDS micelles undergoes a conformational equilibrium between an α- and a 310-helix involving the midregion (Pro4-Gln5-Gln6-Phe7-Phe8) of the peptide. The C-terminus adopts an extended conformation while the N-terminus remains quite flexible. The conformation adopted by SP in the presence of SDS micelles yields a structure that is consistent with the model of a neurokinin-1 selective ligand proposed by Convert. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Global Detection of Salient Convex Boundaries

As an important geometric property of many structures or structural components, convexity plays an important role in computer vision and image understanding. In this paper, we describe a general approach that can force various edge-grouping algorithms to detect only convex structures from a set of boundary fragments. The basic idea is to remove some fragments and fragment connections so that, on the remaining ones, a prototype edge-grouping algorithm that detects closed boundaries without the convexity constraint can only produce convex closed boundaries. We show that this approach takes polynomial time and preserves the grouping optimality by not excluding any valid convex boundary from the search space. Choosing the recently developed ratio-contour algorithm as the prototype grouping algorithm, we develop a new convex-grouping algorithm, which can detect convex salient boundaries with good continuity and proximity in a globally optimal fashion. To facilitate the application of this convex-grouping algorithm, we develop a new fragment-connection method based on four-point Bezier curves. We demonstrate the performance of this convex-grouping algorithm by conducting experiments on both synthetic and real images. In addition, we provide a comparison with some prior edge-grouping algorithms. Finally, we show that the proposed convex-grouping algorithm can be further extended to detect convex open boundaries, derive region-based image hierarchies, and incorporate some simple human-computer interactions.
Mechanistic studies on aggregation of polyethylenimine‐DNA complexes and its prevention

Aggregation of polyethylenimine (PEI)-DNA complexes severely undermines their utility for gene delivery into mammalian cells. Herein we undertook to elucidate the mechanism of this deleterious phenomenon and to develop rational strategies for its prevention. The effect of temperature, surfactants, complex concentration, ionic strength, viscosity, and pH on the time course of this aggregation was systematically examined. The aggregation process was completely inhibited by 2.5% polyoxyethylene (100) stearate (POES) and to a lesser degree by other nonionic surfactants. Importantly, POES preserved the transfection efficiency of the complexes without inducing toxicity. The aggregation was also reduced by lowering the temperature and pH, diluting the complexes, and increasing the solution viscosity. It is concluded that PEI-DNA complexes aggregate primarily due to hydrophobic interactions, while electrostatic attractions play little role.
Intrinsic gating of inward rectifier in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in the presence or absence of internal Mg2

Inward rectifier (IR) currents were studied in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique with extracellular K+ concentrations, [K+]o, ranging from 4.5 to 160 mM. Whether the concentration of free Mg2+ in the intracellular solution, [Mg2+]i, was 1.9 mM or nominally 0, the IR exhibited voltage- and time-dependent gating. The IR conductance was activated by hyperpolarization and deactivated by depolarization. Small steady-state outward IR currents were present up to approximately 40 mV more positive than the K+ reversal potential, EK, regardless of [Mg2+]i. Modeled as a first-order C in equilibrium O gating process, both the opening rate, alpha, and the closing rate, beta, were exponentially dependent on voltage, with beta more steeply voltage dependent, changing e-fold for 9 mV compared with 18 mV for an e-fold change in alpha. Over all [K+]o studied, the voltage dependence of alpha and beta shifted along with EK, as is characteristic of IR channels in other cells. The steady-state voltage dependence of the gating process was well described by a Boltzmann function. The half-activation potential was on average approximately 7 mV negative to the observed reversal potential in all [K+]o regardless of [Mg2+]i. The activation curve was somewhat steeper when Mg-free pipette solutions were used (slope factor, 4.3 mV) than when pipettes contained 1.9 mM Mg2+ (5.2 mV). The simplest interpretation of these data is that IR channels in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells have an intrinsic gating mechanism that is not due to Mg block.
Effects of Co-Formulation of Amorphous Maltodextrin and Deliquescent Sodium Ascorbate on Moisture Sorption and Stability

Information on vitamin C chemical stability and deliquescence behavior in powder blends in the presence of amorphous ingredients is lacking. The effects of co-formulated ingredient phase transitions (deliquescence and/or glass transition) during exposure to selected relative humidities (RHs) on moisture sorption and ascorbate stability were investigated. Increasing storage RH promoted ascorbate degradation in blends, while co-formulation with maltodextrins enhanced ascorbate stability and reduced overall moisture sorption at high RHs compared to sodium ascorbate alone. Storage RH and deliquescence (RH0) affected ascorbate stability more than glass transition of the co-formulated maltodextrin. Consideration of the type and strength of water-solid interactions for amorphous ingredients is important to determine their impact on moisture sorption of blends and delivery of vitamin C.
Investigation of Gene Expression, Growth Kinetics, and Wall Extensibility during Brassinosteroid-Regulated Stem Elongation

Brassinosteroids promote stem elongation in a variety of plants but little is known about the mechanism of action of these plant growth regulators. We investigated a number of physiological and molecular parameters associated with brassinosteroid-enhanced elongation. Continuous growth recordings of soybean (Glycine max L. cv Williams 82) epicotyls showed that there was a 45-min lag before 0.1 [mu]M brassinolide (BR) exerted a detectable effect on elongation. BR caused a marked increase in Instron-measured plastic extensibility, suggesting that BR may promote elongation in part by altering mechanical properties of the cell wall (wall loosening). Structure-function studies suggested that the dimensions of the brassinosteroid side chain were critical for promotion of elongation and expression of BRU1, a gene regulated specifically by active brassinosteroids. Auxin-BR interactions were examined by using small auxin up RNA (SAUR) gene probes and the auxin-insensitive diageotropica (dgt) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). We have shown that in wild-type tomato, which elongates in response to exogenous auxin, a transcript of identical size to the soybean SAUR 15A is strongly induced within 1 h by 50 [mu]M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or indoleacetic acid, whereas in the dgt mutant, which does not elongate in response to auxin, no transcript is expressed. Furthermore, BR promotes equal elongation of hypocotyls in both wild-type and dgt tomatoes but does not rapidly induce the SAUR 15A homolog in either genotype. BR does not cause rapid induction of SAUR 6B in elongating soybean epicotyls but does lead to increased expression after 18 h. This late BR activation of SAUR 6B is controlled, at least in part, at the transcriptional level and is not accompanied by an increase of free indoleacetic acid in the tissue. We conclude that although both BR and auxin affect wall relaxation processes, BR-promoted elongation in soybean and tomato stems acts via a mechanism that most likely does not proceed through the auxin signal transduction pathway.
Agent framework for intelligent data processing

Data preparation is an important part of the mining process. This paper describes MIDAS, an agent framework for intelligent data processing. The objective framework is to provide end users automated data processing services such as subsetting and data format translation by coupling Earth science markup language (ESML) interchange technology and ontologies. These ontology driven agents guide the user through the process of data processing and are able to make decisions for them based on their output requirements. This paper describes the design approach used to extend the ESML schema to incorporate semantics using ontologies. It explains the overall architecture including the infrastructure layer, organization and the agent design used in this framework. The subset of performatives derived from the knowledge query and manipulation language (KQML) used by the agents to interact will also be described