cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Live tissue viability and chemosensitivity assays using digital holographic motility contrast imaging

Holographic optical coherence imaging is an en face form of optical coherence tomography that uses low-coherence digital holography as a coherence gate to select light from a chosen depth inside scattering tissue. By acquiring successive holograms at a high camera frame rate at a fixed depth, dynamic speckle provides information concerning dynamic light scattering from intracellular motility. Motility contrast imaging (MCI) uses living motion as a label-free and functional biomarker. MCI provides a new form of viability assay and also is applicable for proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. The results presented here demonstrate that low-coherence digital holography can extract viability information from biologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) tissue based on multicellular tumor spheroids by moving beyond the format of two-dimensional cell culture used for conventional high-content analysis. This paper also demonstrates the use of MCI for chemosensitivity assays on tumor exgrafts of excised ovarian cancer tumors responding to standard-of-care cisplatin chemotherapy. This ex vivo application extends the applicability of MCI beyond 3D tissue culture grown in vitro.
CONGENITAL PERICARDIAL DEFECT ASSOCIATED WITH TETRALOGY OF FALLOT. HERNIATION OF NORMAL LUNG INTO THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY.

Congenital pericardial defect is a rare anomaly with a total of 115 cases in the literature. The two cases discussed are the first reported to be associated with tetralogy of Fallot. The only known case of herniation of normal lung through a pericardial defect into the pericardial cavity is described.
Integral leadership: a research proposal

Purpose – Many authors have called for a more humane and effective type of leadership. This article seeks to propose a research program on the content and process of integral leadership. This type of leadership has been exemplified by leaders known for their ethical and spiritual maturity, such as Nelson Mandela, the Dalai Lama, Mother Teresa, Eleanor Roosevelt, Martin Luther King, Mohandas Gandhi and Rachel Carson, among others, and by many men and women who have not achieved fame.Design/methodology/approach – As this research requires a multi‐disciplinary, multi‐level and developmental approach, Ken Wilber's integral model is described and used as a frame for the research program, going beyond the limitations of current leadership inquiry.Findings – After having presented both the critics offered on leadership research and the tenets of the integral model, the article proposes a research program articulated by the analysis of individual cases of this leadership pattern and the collective analysis of the...
Better than sliced bread?— This is the question!

We want our future teachers to be able to access andevaluate lesson plans and other teaching resources from the Internet. Due to the nature of our methods courses, most of our efforts for these Internet sessions are focused on lesson plans. There are so many more valuable applications which preservice teachers need to incorporate into their basic skills repertoires. They need to access information about grants, educational games, research, assessment, and biographies, for example. More significant is that once they get that information, they need to evaluate its usefulness. The proficiency they develop in critiquing lesson plans from the Internet can be easily transferred to critiquing information from other resources.
Social Exchange Theory and the Division of Household Labor in Same-Sex Couples

Same-sex couples are often not seen as a family unit and are excluded from research, including family research on topics such as household division of labor. The author examined division of household labor, using social exchange theory, among 165 survey respondents in a same-sex relationship. Division of labor was measured by the percentage of tasks performed according to the respondent. Status differences between partners (e.g., higher, equal, lower) in terms of income, education, hours spent on paid labor outside the home, employment status, age, and race (here, only same or different races) were the independent variables. In general, as predicted by social exchange theory, partners with greater resources or power performed fewer household tasks. Satisfaction with division of labor and sense of being appreciated for one's contributions to household tasks were positively correlated with global relationship satisfaction. However, some inconsistencies indicate gaps in social exchange theory and that other ...
Spin lifetime tuning in zincblende heterostructures and applications to spin devices

We present analytical expressions for the D'yakonov-Perel' spin relaxation rates under the combined action of bulk and structural inversion asymmetry for zincblende heterostructures when terms up to linear and third order in k are included in the Hamiltonian. We see for heterostructures that, under the right conditions, the lowest-order-in-k component of the spin relaxation tensor can be made to vanish for all spin components at the same time. We study how the inclusion of terms of higher order in k affects these results.
Dislocation motion in the presence of diffusing solutes: a computer simulation study

A discrete lattice, kinetic Monte Carlo model is developed to simulate the motion of an edge dislocation in the presence of interacting, diffusing solute atoms that have a misfit with respect to the matrix. The simulation self-consistently determines the solute concentration profile (in two spatial dimensions), as well as the associated dislocation velocity. The solute segregation profile around the moving dislocation is characterized at low velocity by a condensed solute cloud near and on one side of the dislocation core, a region depleted of solute on the opposite side and a diffuse solute (Cottrell) atmosphere further from the core. At high velocity, no condensed solute cloud forms. The relation between the dislocation velocity and the applied stress shows a low-velocity, solute drag branch and a high-velocity branch, typified by no solute cloud but with occasional solute trapping. At intermediate velocities, the dislocation stochastically jumps between these two branches.
Differences in Ca2+ regulation for high-output Is and low-output Ib motor terminals in Drosophila larvae.

Abstract We determined whether two classes of Drosophila larval motor terminals with known differences in structure and transmitter release also showed differences in Ca 2+ regulation. Larval motor neurons can be separated into those producing large synaptic boutons (Ib) and those with small boutons (Is). Ib terminals release less transmitter during single action potentials (APs) than Is terminals, but show greater facilitation during high-frequency stimulation. We measured Ca 2+ transients produced by single APs and AP trains after loading the terminals with the dextran-conjugated Ca 2+ indicator Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 (OGB-1). The two pairs of Is and Ib terminals innervating muscle fiber 4 and fibers 6 and 7 were examined. The OGB-1 concentrations were measured in order to compare measurements from terminals with similar OGB-1 loading. For single APs, the change in OGB-1 fluorescence (ΔF/F) in Is boutons was significantly larger than in Ib boutons due to greater Ca 2+ influx per bouton volume. The Is boutons had greater surface area and active zone number per bouton volume than Ib boutons; this could account for the differences in Ca 2+ influx and argues for similar Ca 2+ influx at Is and Ib active zones. As previously reported for the Ib boutons, the distal Is boutons had larger single-AP Ca 2+ transients than proximal ones on muscle fibers 6 and 7, but not on fiber 4. This difference was not due to proximal–distal differences in surface area or active zones per bouton volume and may be due to greater Ca 2+ influx at distal active zones. During AP trains, the Is Ca 2+ transients were larger in amplitude and had longer decay time constants than Ib ones. This can be explained by a slower rate of Ca 2+ extrusion from the Is boutons apparently due to lower plasma membrane Ca 2+ ATPase activity at Is boutons compared to Ib boutons.
Associations between sleep disturbances and diabetes mellitus among blacks with metabolic syndrome: Results from the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO).

AbstractIntroduction. The association between sleep disturbances and cardiometabolic diseases has been understudied in blacks with metabolic syndrome.Methods. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO) trial. We assessed insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and risk for sleep apnea. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated the association between sleep disturbances with diabetes mellitus (DM) and the combined outcomes of DM and hypertension as well as DM and dyslipidemia.Results. The sample consisted of 1,013 participants, mean age of 62 ± 14 years and 61% female. DM was diagnosed in 60% of the sample. Sleep apnea risk was observed in 48% of the sample, while 10% had insomnia symptoms and 65% reported short sleep duration (< 6 hours). Sleep apnea risk, but not insomnia or sleep duration, was associated with DM (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.21–2.28), adjusting for age, sex, income, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), tobacco use, alcohol use, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and ...
Microfluidic-based synthesis of non-spherical magnetic hydrogel microparticles

Spherical and non-spherical magnetic hydrogel particles were synthesized in a microfluidic device containing an embedded UV light reflector. Monodisperse magnetic emulsion droplets were generated in a T-junction and allowed to relax into spheres, disks, and plugs in confining microchannel geometries. Particle morphology was locked-in via UV-initiated photopolymerization. The role of the reflector in the microchannel is to provide a uniform distribution of UV energy to the magnetic emulsion droplets and to increase the UV flux, which significantly improves UV polymerization conditions for microfluidic-based particle synthesis. Magnetic nanoparticles were uniformly encapsulated in the hydrogel, giving the microparticles superparamagnetic behavior. Additionally, the non-spherical particles show anisotropic responses under an applied external magnetic field.
Credit conditions and recoveries from financial crises

Abstract Recoveries from recessions associated with a financial crisis tend to be sluggish. In this paper, we present evidence that stressed credit conditions are an important factor constraining the pace of recovery. In particular, using industry-level data, we find that industries relying more on external finance grow more slowly than other industries during recoveries from recessions associated with financial crises. Additional tests, based on establishment size, on alternative definitions of financial crises, and on corporate-government interest rate spreads, support the findings. Moreover, for subsets of industries where financial frictions are more severe, we find much stronger differential growth effects.
Crystallographic, Electronic, and Magnetic Studies of ζ2-GaM (M = Cr, Mn or Fe): Trends in Itinerant Magnetism

This study of the crystal structure, electronic structure, and magnetic properties of the zeta(2)-GaM (M = Cr, Mn or Fe) alloys is motivated by the recent reinvestigation of the crystallographic Al(8)Cr(5) structure type of zeta(2)-GaMn. The isostructural compounds zeta(2)-GaFe and zeta(2)-GaCr have been refined using X-ray powder diffraction as well as neutron powder diffraction for zeta(2)-GaFe. Their structures have been refined using the space group Rm, with cell parameters a = 12.625(8) A and c = 7.785(10) A for zeta(2)-GaCr and a = 12.4368(11) A and c = 7.7642(10) A for zeta(2)-GaFe. Band structure calculations using the self-consistent, spin-polarized TB-LMTO method were performed to understand their electronic structure and magnetic properties. Band calculations show that from GaCr to GaFe the magnetic interactions change from weakly antiferromagnetic coupling to ferromagnetic coupling. Magnetic measurements confirm ferromagnetism for GaFe and show a weak paramagnetic response for GaCr.
Prevention of aminoglutethimide phosphate (AGP) block of ovulation in PMS-treated immature rats.

SummaryInjection of 1.0 mg of AGP postponed ovulation for 24 hr in immature rats, pretreated with 3 IU of PMS, presumably due to inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis. This block was completely prevented by estradiol and testosterone, administered 1 hr after AGP. Progesterone or LH administered on day 24 also prevented the block of ovulation by AGP.
Breeding bird communities of reclaimed coal-mine grasslands in the American midwest

Abstract We studied the breeding bird communities of 19 reclaimed surface coal-mine grasslands in southwestern Indiana in 1997–1998, using roadside point counts and off-road transects. The mine grasslands in this study were large, ranging from 110 to 3180 ha in area (median, 590 ha). Although dominated by a few Eurasian grass species, they supported diverse bird communities in which grassland-dependent species were prominent along with grassland-associated and successional scrub species. The mean abundances of species (relative to one another) on roadside and off-road counts were positively correlated. Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), and Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) were present at >90% of point count locations. Other common species, in descending order, included Dickcissels (Spiza americana), Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas), Killdeers (Charadrius vociferus), Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea), Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus hen...
Effect of PLZT composition on its switching characteristics

Significant correlations were observed between the switching time of PLZT and their chemical composition. The switching time and the closely related relaxation time are analyzed in the light of molecular capacitances residing in the ferroelectric domains. Space charges in the ferroelectric domains are attributed to the creation of highly negative charged cation vacancies created by the substitution of La for Pb in the perovskite structure.
Playing with Time: Art and Performance in Central Mali

Playing with Time: Art and Performance in Central Mali. MARY JO ARNOLDI. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995, xxiv + 224 pp., 92 b&w photos, 20 color plates, tables, map, glossary, bibliography, notes.
Two-Photon Absorption Imaging of Hemoglobin

We demonstrated that both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin has sequential two- photon absorption properties that can serve as endogenous contrasts in microvasculature imaging. They can also be differentiated through their different excited state dynamics.
Thermoacoustic wave generation and propagation in the cornea: the potential for damage

Carbon dioxide lasers are used in numerous applications that involve human exposure to the radiation that can produce ocular injury. The objective of this study is to show that the thermal gradient produced in the eye by the radiation from an 80 ns CO2 laser pulse can generate a thermoacoustical tensile pressure wave with large enough magnitude to rupture the epithelial layer of the cornea. A Gaussian-shaped temperature distribution will be employed. It is assumed that the corneal tissue is inhomogeneous, with the density and wave velocity varying slowly in space. Under these conditions, the acoustical wave equation is decoupled into two first-order partial differential equations, one that propagates energy into the eye from the point of thermoacoustical wave generation, and the other toward the front of the eye. These equations are solved numerically using the Lax-Wendroff numerical method. A compressional wave generated in the epithelial tissue of the cornea due to the thermal gradient of the laser arrives at the air-tear layer interface with a pressure amplitude of ~6600 Pa. When this wave is reflected back into the eye, the resulting tensile pressure wave has a tensile strength of approximately 4.6 x 108 Pa/m just inside of the epithelial layer of the cornea. This is an order of magnitude larger than what is necessary to produce cellular damage to the cornea.
Reverse transcriptase genotype and antiretroviral susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus isolates from patients with advanced disease treated with didanosine: Correlation with virologic response and survival

To identify correlates of virologic response and survival, the reverse transcriptase (RT) genotype and in vitro antiviral susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates from 20 patients treated with didanosine were studied. Patients had advanced HIV disease and were intolerant to or had failed zidovudine. Neither RT genotype nor antiviral susceptibility testing, as determined by a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based assay, correlated with a virologic response to didanosine, as determined previously by quantitative serum culture. Only one (8%) of 12 isolates obtained after 6-12 months of treatment showed mutation at codon 74 conferring didanosine resistance. Reversions were seen in three of five patients with pre-treatment zidovudine resistance mutations at codons 70, but in none of eight with mutations at codon 215. Pretreatment isolates encoding mutations at RT codon 215 or encoding codon 123 asp were associated with both significantly greater CD4 lymphocyte depletion and shorter survival. In this cohort of patients with advanced HIV disease, neither rapid emergence of didanosine resistance nor rapid reversion of zidovudine resistance was observed. To better understand the relationship between virologic response and in vitro susceptibility to didanosine, more precise tools may be needed.
The Effect of Intermittent Forces on Eruption of the Rabbit Incisor

Rabbits were prepared so that a variable capacitance displacement transducer (VCDT) could be used to monitor the eruptive movements of a previously-amputated lower incisor, and a strain gauge transducer mounted on a relay-controlled plate was used to place precisely controlled intermittent forces opposing the erupting tooth. Forces of one or three g were applied under time conditions of one second on, nine seconds off (1:9); one second on, three seconds off (1:3); and one second on, one second off (1:1). The data indicate that with force present for 10% of the time (1 :9), there was little or no effect on eruption rate. In contrast, 50% time (1:1) produced essentially the same intrusive effect as continuous force, and 25% time (1:3) gave an intermediate response. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that force duration is more important than force magnitude for the vertical equilibrium, as is the case for facio-lingual equilibrium.
Orientalism(s), world geography textbooks, and temporal paradox: questioning representations of Southwest Asia and North Africa

In this critical discourse analysis of six high-school world geography textbooks, we explore how constructions and representations of North Africa and Southwest Asia have served to reinforce Orientalist discourse in formal curriculum. Visual and written representations in these textbooks were overwhelmingly confounded by a traditional/modern dichotomy that constructed a paradoxical “Muslim world.” Gender and religion coding perpetuated the temporal paradox with women and Islam used as symbols of the traditional in need of western modernization. This paper begins with a contextualization of the study of textbooks and addresses investigations of media portrayals of Muslims, Arabs, and Islam. We then describe our theoretical grounding in criticalist perspectives and detail methods of analysis. Lastly, we present the three themes revealed through analysis and conclude with recommendations for enhancing geographic literacy in schools.
BLM Helicase Ortholog Sgs1 Is a Central Regulator of Meiotic Recombination Intermediate Metabolism

The BLM helicase has been shown to maintain genome stability by preventing accumulation of aberrant recombination intermediates. We show here that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae BLM ortholog, Sgs1, plays an integral role in normal meiotic recombination, beyond its documented activity limiting aberrant recombination intermediates. In wild-type meiosis, temporally and mechanistically distinct pathways produce crossover and noncrossover recombinants. Crossovers form late in meiosis I prophase, by polo kinase-triggered resolution of Holliday junction (HJ) intermediates. Noncrossovers form earlier, via processes that do not involve stable HJ intermediates. In contrast, sgs1 mutants abolish early noncrossover formation. Instead, both noncrossovers and crossovers form by late HJ intermediate resolution, using an alternate pathway requiring the overlapping activities of Mus81-Mms4, Yen1, and Slx1-Slx4, nucleases with minor roles in wild-type meiosis. We conclude that Sgs1 is a primary regulator of recombination pathway choice during meiosis and suggest a similar function in the mitotic cell cycle.
Substrate activation of cell adhesion factor as a prerequisite for cell attachment

Cell Adhesion Factor, complexed to insoluble collagen-coated tissue culture dishes, is required for the attachment of fibroblasts to this substrate. In solution, the factor has no demonstrable affinity for cells in suspension following trypsin-EDTA removal of cells from monolayer. Cell surface receptors for the factor are present during the assay period since cells allowed to recover for 1 h at 37 degrees C, 4 degrees C or in the presence of 10(-6) M cycloheximide show exactly the same kinetics of adhesion as control cells. It is demonstrated that Cell Adhesion Factor acquires affinity for the cell surface only following its binding to collagen.
Correlated trait responses to multiple selection pressures in larval amphibians reveal conflict avoidance strategies

Larval amphibians frequently experience simultaneous, conflicting selection pressures from ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and predation risk, two stressors that can select for opposing defence strategies. When both UV-B and predators are present, individuals can reconcile potential conflicts by correlating particular trait responses (e.g. combining dark or light body colouration with increased or decreased activity rates to create an appropriate multiple stressor strategy). Optimal combinations of body colour and activity rate are predicted to change across an elevation gradient with increasing UV-B exposure. 2. In this study, we tested how larval amphibians combine changes in body colouration and activity rates to create a correlated response to potentially conflicting selection pressures. We quantified activity and colour response in two amphibian species, the pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla) and the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum), from both high and low elevation populations, and exposed individuals to both a common predator and naturally relevant levels of UV-B. 3. Hyla regilla and A. macrodactylum individuals from low elevation populations responded with correlated response strategies while high elevation populations did not. Low elevation H. regilla coupled decreased activity rates to reduce predator detection with dark body colouration to screen out UV-B. Low elevation A. macrodactylum adopted cryptic colouration when predators were present and decreased activity in response to UV-B. Individuals from high elevation H. regilla and A. macrodactylum populations responded only with changes in activity and not colour change. 4. The observed population differences may reflect variation in selection strengths across an elevation gradient. High elevation habitats may require individuals to focus defence efforts on the greatest potential risk. Additionally, pigmentation changes may not be an adequate defence in these UV-B intense habitats.
Selective versus sustained attention: A continuous performance test revisited

Abstract The selective-set paradigm has dominated the measurement of visual selective attention in cognitive neuroscience. Previous auditory selective attention tests, the continuous performance tests (CPT), actually measure sustained attention, while auditory filtering paradigms require “bottom-up” perceptual processing. The development of the Auditory Selective Attention Test (ASAT) was based on selective-set theory. An age effect was found in subjects between 19–94 years of age who were over age 60. The probability foils were effective in discriminating impairment in four adult neurological groups (dementia, mild head injury, multiple sclerosis, learning disability). Impairment in discrimination (omission errors) but not response bias suggests that the ASAT requires cognitive search as defined by selective-set theory, which differentiates it from CPT and filtering paradigms. Associations with cognitive complexity and working memory are posited.
Relationship between particulate matter and childhood asthma – basis of a future warning system for central Phoenix

Abstract. Statistically significant correlations between increase of asthma attacks in children and elevated concentrations of particulate matter of diameter 10 microns and less (PM10) were determined for metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Interpolated concentrations from a five-site network provided spatial distribution of PM10 that was mapped onto census tracts with population health records. The case-crossover statistical method was applied to determine the relationship between PM10 concentration and asthma attacks. For children ages 5–17, a significant relationship was discovered between the two, while children ages 0–4 exhibited virtually no relationship. The risk of adverse health effects was expressed as a function of the change from the 25th to 75th percentiles of mean level PM10 (36 μg m−3). This increase in concentration was associated with a 12.6% (95% CI: 5.8%, 19.4%) increase in the log odds of asthma attacks among children ages 5–17. Neither gender nor other demographic variables were significant. The results are being used to develop an asthma early warning system for the study area.
ON THE VERIFICATION OF FUNCTION EQUIVALENCE WITH UNKNOWN INPUT CORRESPONDENCE

A method that verifies the equivalence of functions with unknown input correspondence is proposed in this paper. The key to our method is to associate a new signature with each input variable, thereby effectively establishing partial (sometimes total) correspondence between two sets of input variables. The descriptive power of our new signature appears to be very effective. In addition to the strong descriptive power, our proposed signature also provides information for pruning when exhaustive search has to be used finally on variables that cannot be matched in two input functions. We have implemented and tested an algorithm based on our approach. The experimental results are encouraging.
Interaction of the p62 subunit of dynactin with Arp1 and the cortical actin cytoskeleton

Targeting of the minus-end directed microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein to a wide array of intracellular substrates appears to be mediated by an accessory factor known as dynactin [1-4]. Dynactin is a multi-subunit complex that contains a short actin-related protein 1 (Arp 1) filament with capZ at the barbed end and p62 at the pointed end [5]. The location of the p62 subunit and the proposed role for dynactin as a multifunctional targeting complex raise the possibility of a dual role for p62 in dynein targeting and in Arp1 pointed-end capping. In order to gain further insight into the role of p62 in dynactin function, we have cloned cDNAs that encode two full-length isoforms of the protein from rat brain. We found that p62 is homologous to the nuclear migration protein Ropy-2 from Neurospora [6]; both proteins contain a zinc-binding motif that resembles the LIM domain of several other cytoskeletal proteins [7]. Overexpression of p62 in cultured mammalian cells revealed colocalization with cortical actin, stress fibers, and focal adhesion sites, sites of potential interaction between microtubules and the cell cortex [8,9]. The p62 protein also colocalized with polymers of overexpressed wild-type or barbed-end-mutant Arp1, but not with a pointed-end mutant. Deletion of the LIM domain abolished targeting of p62 to focal-adhesion sites but did not interfere with binding of p62 to actin or Arp1. These data implicate p62 in Arp1 pointed-end binding and suggest additional roles in linking dynein and dynactin to the cortical cytoskeleton.
Will Vote for Food? Regime Type and Equity in the Developing World

Competitive elections are now a common mechanism for gaining power in much of the developing world Many scholars, politicians, and citizens expect elections to lead to improved living conditions for the masses. This article tests the relationship between regime type and improvements in calorie consumption. Highly cross-section dominant pooled time series regression is employed on a longitudinal data set of 173 cases. Democracy has a strong and significant effect on changes in food consumption, and the relationship is U-shaped. Autocracies perform better than countries with a few years of democracy over a 15-year period. Countries with twelve to 15 years of democracy perform best. The article also proposes that change in calorie consumption is a useful surrogate for equity.
Are Drinkers Interested in Inexpensive Approaches to Reduce Their Alcohol Use

This study examined whether adult drinkers would be willing to receive self-help and other minimal contact aids designed to help them drink more moderately. A total of 316 adults eighteen years of age and older residing in two adjacent communities in northwest Arkansas participated in a mail survey. Drinkers most frequently requested newspaper articles on how to drink more moderately (20.7%), followed by television and radio programs (15.5%). Over one-fourth (26.2%) of adult alcohol users reported an interest in receiving one or more of the aids to limit drinking. Heavier drinkers were more likely than lighter drinkers to be interested in television and radio programs, contests and cash awards, and newspaper articles aimed at helping them to drink more moderately (p's less than or equal to .01). Drinkers who were interested in receiving one or more self-help alcohol aids reported higher levels of alcohol consumption, and greater motivation to limit their alcohol use (p's less than or equal to .01). These data suggest that a considerable number of alcohol users would like to receive inexpensive aids to help them to drink more moderately.
Timed vital capacity a correlation with maximal breathing capacity and use as a clinical test of ventilatory function

Summary The literature on timed vital capacity is reviewed. In 400 patients with various chronic pulmonary diseases the one-second timed vital capacity was compared with the maximal breathing capacity. It was found that the determination of the one-second timed vital capacity with the aid of the Gaensler-Collins vitalometer is an easy and reliable method. A good correlation exists between the one-second timed vital capacity and maximal breathing capacity. When the individuals are grouped as “normal” and patients with “restrictive,” “obstructive” and “combined” ventilatory defect, the ratio: M.B.C., L. per minute/one-second timed vital capacity, L., differs significantly between the groups, except between the “obstructive” and “combined” groups. For clinical evaluation of ventilatory function the determination of the one-second timed vital capacity appears to be satisfactory.
PREDICTING LOCALIZATION VIA LYAPUNOV EXPONENT STATISTICS

Lyapunov exponents (or localization factors) provide a measure of the spatial decay of the wave (or vibration) amplitudes in nearly periodic structures. It is of interest to identify the frequency regions in which the Lyapunov exponents indicate decay due to localization, as opposed to decay due to off-resonance or damping
Diagnosing model error in canopy-atmosphere exchange using empirical orthogonal function analysis

[1] The application of complex land surface models to long-term estimation of water, energy, and CO2 exchange suffers from possible static parameterization of inherently time-varying properties. This paper presents a method by which structural (i.e., spatial) patterns in model output errors can be identified and associated with errors in a single parameter or set of interacting parameters. We focus on CO2 concentration profiles as the observed quantity containing spatial information on model performance. The core of the method relies on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of an ensemble of model error profiles produced by synthetically inducing parameter biases. EOF analyses of the error profiles associated with photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance, radiation interception, soil respiration, and turbulent mixing parameters concentrated greater than 94% of the error pattern variability in the first two EOFs, producing very compact (two member) basis sets. Application of the EOFs to the identification of parameter error sources was performed with three sets of synthetic tests. The method was broadly successful at identifying the primary error source when one or two error sources were present, using single-parameter basis sets. Two-parameter basis sets were able to identify strongly interacting parameter errors (i.e., errors of approximately equal magnitude). Environmental classification of photosynthetically active radiation and wind speed regimes was effective at untangling error influences for the tightly coupled photosynthetic, radiation, and stomatal conductance parameters. Data analysis of measured concentration profiles was used to derive the environmental classes.
Wave-Driven Rotation in Supersonically Rotating Mirrors

Supersonic rotation in mirrors may be produced by radio frequency waves. The waves produce coupled diffusion in ion kinetic and potential energy. A population inversion along the diffusion path then produces rotation. Waves may be designed to exploit a natural kinetic energy source or may provide the rotation energy on their own. Centrifugal traps for fusion and isotope separation may benefit from this wave-driven rotation.
Daily walking and life expectancy of elderly people in the iowa 65+ rural health study.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the hypothesis that outdoor daily walking, as an exercise, has an effect on the rate of mortality among those elderly people in the Iowa 65+ rural health study (RHS.( RHS is a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 8 years follow-up from 1981 to 1989. It consists of a random sample of 3,673 individuals (1,420 men and 2,253 women) aged 65 or older living in Washington and Iowa counties of the State of Iowa. Our analysis was conducted only on those non-institutional individuals who could without any help walk across a small room; this reduced the total number of individuals in the study to 2,717. Moreover, a total of 923 individuals died during the period of the study. The life histories of those individuals were obtained and divided into two cohorts; one containing 1134 who exercise daily by walking and the other containing 1583 who do not exercise daily by walking. The interviewers asked participants about 17 medical conditions, from which 13 are included in our study. We found that daily walking exercise is related inversely to total mortality before and after adjusting for the other factors in particular for age group and health conditions. We observed that hazard ratio HR of death was the highest among those individuals having a history of cancer (HR=2.971) and history of stroke (HR=2.127). However, individuals with a history of stroke in the "daily walking group" have HR=0.856 and their risk of death were reduced by 81% compared to those in no "daily walking group".
Solvability of a three-point nonlinear boundary value problem for a second order ordinary differential equation

In case f(x, U, u’) =ps(x) +p,(x) u +pJx) U’ with pk : [0, l] 4 R locally integrable, the boundary value problem (l.lt( 1.2) was studied by Kiguradze and Lomtatidze [I]. The purpose of this paper is to obtain existence and uniqueness theorems for the boundary value problem (1.1 t( 1.2) under natural conditions on f using degree-theoretic arguments. We note that if u is a solution of (1.1 )-( 1.2) then there exists at least one 5 E (q, l), such that u’(c) = 0. Accordingly, the boundary value problem
Full spectrum combining of staggered-QPSK signals

Several antenna diversity techniques can be used at base stations (BS) to enhance the reliable transmission of signals from a "weak" single source. The services which can benefit from antenna arraying include the planned Motorola's Iridium, power-limited satellites, and NASA's next generation all digital receiver. A full spectrum combining (FSC) system is proposed for coherent staggered-QPSK (SQPSK) signaling and its performance is analyzed assuming imperfect carrier and symbol timing recovery. In order to align the signals for an array of L antennas, the combining system utilizes L-1 differential phase estimators. Each one of these phase difference estimators is shown to be an open loop maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). The performance of this estimator is derived and the variance of the estimate error is compared to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Next, the performance of this FSC technique is quantified based on the bit error rate loss. The results are verified by simulation for a scenario of two identical base stations arrayed together. The calculated and measured gain when operating at a data rate of 16 kbps and a BER of 10/sup -3/ is 2.8 dB, compared to the ideal (i.e., no losses due to combining or imperfect references) gain of 3 dB in this case.
The Wayne State University Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia preclinical model for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

Abstract The Wayne State University Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia xenograft model in mice with severe combined immune deficiency (WSU-WM-SCID) is the only preclinical animal model available for this disease. It is based on a permanent, EBV- IgMλ cell line (WSU-WM) established from a patient with a 10-year history of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). These cells are CD5 − CD10 + CD19 + CD20 + CD22 + and have t(8;14) (q24;32), t(12;17) (q24;q21), 2p-. WSU-WM cells also express DNA topoisomerase II (alpha and beta), and are bcl 2 + bcl XL + bax − . Although the tumor has aggressive biological behavior with c-myc-IgH rearrangement, it has retained the salient features of WM. The breakpoint on 8q24 is downstream of c-myc exon 3, which is not usual for Burkitt-type breakpoints. WSU-WM cells also express both secretory (s u ) and membrane (m u ) IgM mRNA and secrete IgM in culture supernatant. Histiologically, WSU-WM-SCID xenograft tumors have lymphoplasmacytoid morphology. These features indicate biological, but not histological evolution. The WSU-WM-SCID is a model of a more aggressive and resistant WM usually seen toward the late stages of disease. It is, therefore, a particularly useful tool in developing new therapeutic strategies for the more aggressive WM, including targeted therapy, which exploits unique molecular characteristics of tumor cells. Semin Oncol 30:313-317. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Spatial and Temporal Development of Maturation of Nonpareil Almonds and Infestation by the Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker)

Maturation and hullsplit of Nonpareil almonds and concomitant susceptibility to infestation by navel orangeworm occurred earlier in areas of the tree subject to greater radiant exposure, i.e., outside before inside, south half before north half, and earlier with increasing height. Infestation of almonds by the navel orangeworm was significantly higher with increasing height and on the outside vs. the inside of the tree canopy ( P < 0.05). In trees stressed by mite infestations and irregular irrigation, hullsplit developed sooner and nut maturation extended over a longer period of time.
Lifetime Influences on the Literacy-Related Instructional Beliefs of Experienced High School History Teachers: Two Comparative Case Studies

This paper presents and compares case studies of the literacy-related instructional beliefs of two high school history teachers who had been teaching for over 20 years in the same urban, highly multicultural high school in the eastern United States. Data were collected through extended autobiographical interviews with teachers, 20 sequential days of classroom observation, classroom and district documents, and shorter interviews with students and supervisors. The teachers' beliefs about including literacy-related activities in their instruction are described, and past and recent influences on these beliefs are analyzed and compared. Results include that the teachers' beliefs were strongly affected by personal relationships with trusted school colleagues, other teacher-friends, early role models, and students. Implications for teacher development programs and research are suggested.
Abused African American Women's Processes of Staying Healthy:

Fifteen African American women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) were interviewed to examine (a) the ways in which poor, urban African American women stay healthy, and particularly how they protected themselves from sexually transmitted diseases and HIV while in abusive relationships; and (b) the roles of intersecting contextual factors such as lifetime experiences of violence, mental health symptoms, and substance use in women's processes of maintaining their health. Data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. Women were managing numerous, complex problems as they actively worked to maintain their mental and physical health and that of their children. The turning point at which women made substantial changes came when women were "tired" and believed that a new beginning was needed. Racism, poverty, multiple experiences of violence, and health and mental health problems influenced women's health care decisions. Women's health maintenance strategies were often not visible to health care providers and included some behaviors that may place women at greater risk of violence or disease from the point of view of the health care provider.
Transmission through a moving chiral slab

We consider the transmission of plane electromagnetic waves through a chiral, optically active slab that is moving at constant velocity. The incident fields are transformed to the (moving) reference frame of the slab, and the reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated in this moving frame. They are then transformed to the observer’s (rest) reference frame and plotted as functions of slab velocity, thickness, and chirality.
Combining least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and principal-components analysis for detection of gene-gene interactions in genome-wide association studies

Variable selection in genome-wide association studies can be a daunting task and statistically challenging because there are more variables than subjects. We propose an approach that uses principal-component analysis (PCA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to identify gene-gene interaction in genome-wide association studies. A PCA was used to first reduce the dimension of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within each gene. The interaction of the gene PCA scores were placed into LASSO to determine whether any gene-gene signals exist. We have extended the PCA-LASSO approach using the bootstrap to estimate the standard errors and confidence intervals of the LASSO coefficient estimates. This method was compared to placing the raw SNP values into the LASSO and the logistic model with individual gene-gene interaction. We demonstrated these methods with the Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 rheumatoid arthritis genome-wide association study data and our results identified a few gene-gene signals. Based on our results, the PCA-LASSO method shows promise in identifying gene-gene interactions, and, at this time we suggest using it with other conventional approaches, such as generalized linear models, to narrow down genetic signals.
Avoiding Traps in Member Checking

Due to the variations of design and protocol in qualitative inquiry, researchers may inadvertently create problems for themselves in terms of the trustworthiness of their research. Miscommunication between participants and researchers can especially arise from the unique and unpredictable nature of human dynamics. In this paper I contend that such problems, or traps, can easily and at times unknowingly be set during the qualitative process known as member checking, threatening the researcher/participant relationship and possibly the stability of the study. In this paper, I examine member checking through five vignettes personally experienced. These vignettes are preceded by a presentation of common procedures for increasing trustworthiness, and are followed by several recommendations for avoiding the setting and triggering of member checking traps. Key Words: Narrative Inquiry, Qualitative, Member Checking, and Trustworthiness
An Extensible Infrastructure for Processing Distributed Geospatial Data Streams

Although the processing of data streams has been the focus of many research efforts in several areas, the case of remotely sensed streams in scientific contexts has received little attention. We present an extensible architecture to compose streaming image processing pipelines spanning multiple nodes on a network using a scientific workflow approach. This architecture includes (i) a mechanism for stream query dispatching so new streams can be dynamically generated from within individual processing nodes as a result of local or remote requests, and (ii) a mechanism for making the resulting streams externally available. As complete processing image pipelines can be cascaded across multiple interconnected nodes in a dynamic, scientist-driven way, the approach facilitates the reuse of data and the scalability of computations. We demonstrate the advantages of our infrastructure with a toolset of stream operators acting on remotely sensed data streams for realtime change detection.
Beam breakup with longitudinal halo

An analytical model has been developed for cumulative beam breakup in linear accelerators that predicts the displacement of particles between bunches. Beam breakup is assumed to be caused by a periodic current consisting of an infinite bunch train. The particles in the halo do not contribute to the breakup but experience the deflecting fields and are displaced by them. Under certain circumstances, the displacement of particles in the halo can be considerably larger than that of the bunches. This may have important consequences for the design of high-current CW accelerators where even a small flux of particles striking components of the accelerator cannot be tolerated because of activation. >
Using gene expression programming to construct sentence ranking functions for text summarization

In this paper, we consider the automatic text summarization as a challenging task of machine learning. We proposed a novel summarization system architecture which employs Gene Expression Programming technique as its learning mechanism. The preliminary experimental results have shown that our prototype system outperforms the baseline systems.