cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doing feminist‐demography

This paper is a disciplinary analysis of demography that examines its lack of engagement with feminist theory and the resulting lack of meaningful demographic research on gender. Its aim is to generate intellectual space for feminist‐demography and to advance research on gender within the field of demography. I first discuss benefits of feminist‐demography to both fields and then examine the reasons for the lack of feminist‐demographic research to date by describing the epistemological tensions between the fields. I then analyze the methodological implications of feminist theory for demographic research, and especially the requirements that researchers treat gender as a social construction and attend to the politics of location. This analysis leads to general methodological precepts for feminist‐demographic research on gender.
Characterization of implantable microfabricated fluid delivery devices

The formal characterization of the performance of microfluidic delivery devices is crucial for reliable in vivo application. A comprehensive laboratory technique was developed and used to optimize, calibrate and validate microfabricated fluid delivery devices. In vivo experiments were carried out to verify the accuracy and reliability of the pressure driven devices. Acute guinea pig experiments were conducted to measure the response to /spl alpha/-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxalone propionic acid, an excitatory neurotransmitter, at multiple locations in the inferior colliculus. A nondimensional parameter, Q/spl tilde/, was successfully used to classify devices in terms of geometry alone (i.e., independent of fluid properties). Functional devices exhibited long-term linearity and reliability in delivering single phase, Newtonian fluids, in discrete volumes with a resolution of 500 picoliters at less than 0.45 lbf/in/sup 2/ (30 mbar) pressure drop. Results for non-Newtonian fluids are not presented here. The acute results showed a proportional increase in the firing rate for delivered volumes of 2 nL up to 10 nL (at rates of between 0.1 and 1 nL/s). Flow characteristics are maintained during acute experiments and post-implant. A control experiment conducted with Ringer solution produced negligible effects, suggesting the results to be truly pharmacological. The experimental techniques employed have proven to be reliable and will be used for future calibration and testing of next generation chronic microfluidic delivery devices.
Correction of the Galactocerebrosidase Deficiency in Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy-Cultured Cells by SL3-3 Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transfer

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GCL) or Krabbe disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by the deficiency of galactocerebrosidase, the lysosomal enzyme responsible for the degradation of galactocerebroside, a major component of myelin. An animal model homologue of GCL is the twitcher mouse. In the present work, using novel recombinant retroviruses harboring the SL3-3 LTR, we have been able to stably correct the galactocerebrosidase deficiency in twitcher mouse TM-2 cells and in primary human fibroblasts from a patient with globoid cell leukodystrophy. These results show the possibility of retroviral-mediated gene therapy for the treatment of GCL.
Analysis of non-linear magnetic core for magnetic neural stimulators

Magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive technique to stimulate the central and peripheral nervous system. Using time-varying magnetic fields, a magnetic stimulator induces eddy currents in the tissue to achieve neural excitation (M. Yamaguchi et. al., JAP'89). Due to a non-invasive technique, it has been used in a variety of clinical applications which include brain mapping, treatment of mood disorder, treatment of epilepsy, and treatment of chronic pain. Traditionally, magnetic stimulators consume high power and cause significant heat dissipation in the coil. Thus, use to these devices has been limited to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) only.
Applying the Del Technique to the Analysis of Cross-Classification Data: A Test of Ceo Succession and Top Management Team Development

This article introduces to the organizational sciences a relatively new cross-classification analysis technique based on a statistic called Hildebrand's del. Del is shown to be superior to the othe...
Responses of nitric oxide-cGMP release in acupuncture point to electroacupuncture in human skin in vivo using dermal microdialysis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the release of nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP in response to electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation in the acupuncture point (acupoint), compared to the non-meridian control area. Methods: Thirty samples of dermal microdialysis data were collected from 24 volunteers at pericardium (PC) 4 and control area. EA was applied to PC 3 by using a 5-V pulse with a duration of 1.0 milliseconds at 10 Hz for 15 minutes. Dialysate samples were continuously collected 20 minutes each before, during, and after EA for two hours. Total nitrite and nitrate (NOx−) and cGMP in the dialysate were quantified in a blinded fashion. Results: Dialysate NOx− concentrations were decreased during a 120-minute dialysis in all groups, but reduced NOx− levels were attenuated predominantly in PC 4 acupoint at 20–40 minutes after EA PC 3. cGMP concentrations were significantly enhanced in acupoint PC 4 by EA PC 3, but not in the non-meridian area. Conclusion: We suggest that the attenuation of NOx−...
Depletion of rat thyroid serotonin accompanied by increased blood flow as an acute response to thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Enhancement of blood flow and decline of serotonin content of the rat thyroid occurred within minutes after iv injection of TSH to intact rats sensitized by thyroxine pretreatment. The increased vascularity was maintained through at least 4 hr after hormone administration, accompanied by an increase in thyroid water demonstrable by 2 hr. Participation of liberated vasoactive amines in TSH action is postulated. (Endocrinology 80: 689, 1967)
Determination of biogenic quaternary ammonium compounds on fused silica capillary columns with a splitless injector as a chemical reactor/pyrolysis chamber

A conventional splitless injector is used as a pyrolysis chamber or chemical reactor for the N-demethylation of acetylcholine and other choline esters. The novel uses of 2-aminoethanol as a N-demethylation reagent in splitless injection and bonded-phase fused silica capillary columns in the separation of the tertiary amine derivatives of choline esters are described. A comparison is made between non-polar and moderately polar fused silica capillary columns in the separation of choline esters.
Extending Latent Role and Psychological Contract Theories to Predict Intent to Turnover and Politics in Business Organizations

Organizational researchers broadly accept Gouldner's (1957, 1958) early work describing the cosmopolitan-local latent role construct. In practice, however, measurement and external validity issues ...
On superimposed training for channel estimation: performance analysis, training power allocation, and frame synchronization

Channel estimation for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) time-invariant channels using superimposed training has been recently considered by several authors. A periodic (nonrandom) training sequence is arithmetically added (superimposed) at a low power to the information sequence at the transmitter before modulation and transmission. In particular, in , the channel is estimated using only the first-order statistics of the data under a fixed power allocation to training and under the assumption that the superimposed training sequence at the receiver is time-synchronized with its transmitted counterpart (frame synchronization). In this paper, we remove these restrictions. We first present a performance analysis of the approach of to obtain a closed-form expression for the channel estimation variance. We then address the issue of superimposed training power allocation for complex Gaussian random (Rayleigh) channels. Using the developed channel estimation variance expression, we cast the power allocation problem as one of optimizing a signal-to-noise ratio for equalizer design. Finally, we propose a novel approach for frame synchronization. All the results are illustrated via simulation examples involving frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. Simulation comparisons with an existing approach to frame synchronization is also provided.
Compensation of clock feedthrough induced offset in analog adaptive FIR filters based on the LMS algorithm

Offset voltage due to clock feedthrough in the adapting part of analog least mean square (LMS) adaptive filters causes serious degradation of the filter's convergence and error performance. A compensation scheme and its circuit level implementation are described. The scheme eliminates the clock-induced offset because the latter is the same for all weight integrators. Computer simulations at both algorithmic and circuit level are presented. They demonstrate the effectiveness of this offset cancellation scheme. >
The data-centricity of Web 2.0 workloads and its impact on server performance

Advances in network performance and browser technologies, coupled with the ubiquity of internet access and proliferation of users, have lead to the emergence of a new class of web applications, called Web 2.0. Web 2.0 technologies enable easy collaboration and sharing by allowing users to contribute, modify, and aggregate content using applications like Wikis, Blogs, Social Networking communities, and Mashups. Web 2.0 applications also make heavy use of Ajax, which allows asynchronous communication between client and server, to provide a richer user experience. In this paper, we analyze the effect of these new features on the infrastructure that hosts these workloads. In particular, we focus on the data-centricity, inherent in many Web 2.0 applications, and study its impact on the persistence layer in an application server context. Our experimental results reveal some important performance characteristics; we show that frequent Ajax requests, and other requests arising from the participatory nature of Web 2.0, often retrieve and update persistent data. This can lead to frequent database accesses, lock contention, and reduced performance. We also show that problems in the persistence layer, arising from the data-intensive nature of Web 2.0 applications, can lead to poor scalability that can inhibit us from exploiting current and future multicore architectures.
Microspectrometer for infrared analysis of gases and biological fluids

A microspectrometer for operation in the infrared range has been designed and fabricated. The principal component of the micro-spectrometer is a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), which can be used to select the resonant frequency through electrostatic actuation of the mirrors. An infrared emitter is used as the source, and integrated with the FPI and the microchannel to complete the spectrometer. The device has been designed using finite element modeling to determine the stress distribution on the silicon nitride membrane due to deflection and the voltage required for the displacement of the membrane has been found to be less than a volt. The devices have been fabricated using bulk and surface microfabrication techniques. Optical characterization has been done with an FTIR spectrometer. Initial results presented here support the feasibility of the approach in developing standalone microspectrometers for analysis of aqueous samples including biological fluids as well as gases in environmental applications, which may include bio-warfare agents.
Best Practices for Managing Organizational Diversity

Organizations with increasingly diverse workforces and customer populations face challenges in reaping diversity's benefits while managing its potentially disruptive effects. This article defines workplace diversity and identifies best practices supporting planned and positive diversity management. It explores how academic libraries can apply diversity management best practices and provides a reading list for leaders and human resource managers wishing to optimize their organization's approach to diversity.
The productivity of return migrants: the case of China’s “Sea Turtles”

This paper explores the productivity differential between return migrants (“Sea Turtles”) and non-migrants through a case study of China’s venture capital (VC) industry. I find that even after correcting for selection bias, return venture capitalists are less productive than comparable non-migrants in targeting promising projects and/or providing value-added services. Given that the VC industry is a useful laboratory in which to look at the performance of return migrants and China’s economic development, I discuss why the presumably better human capital accumulated overseas does not translate into productivity in the Chinese market, and how related policies could reverse this situation in the long run. F22, G24, O15
Field-Theory Realization of the Droplet Model

We demonstrate with two field-theoretic models that the operator droplet model proposed by Chou and Yang can be understood as due to the contribution from a class of leading Feynman diagrams at $s=\ensuremath{\infty}$. In the first model, we consider a theory which consists of both a strong and an electromagnetic interaction. The purpose of introducing two types of interactions is to supply a natural division between the production of particles and the interaction between the jets. In this model, the sum of pure photon-exchange diagrams leads automatically to an expression identical to that of the operator droplet model. Limitations and generalizations of the model are investigated. The second model is derived from pure quantum electrodynamics. We find that an operator-droplet-model formulation can reproduce leading amplitudes in quantum electrodynamics, including those which give rise to ${(\mathrm{ln}s)}^{N}$ behavior. This confirms and generalizes an earlier result of Lee. We demonstrate explicitly how the $N$-bubble diagrams should be treated in this calculation. By including diagrams related to one another by covariance, a reference-frame-independent result always emerges. These frame-independent results coincide with earlier calculations based on the usual Feynman rules.
Ready-to-use simulation

Business students are typically introduced to the concept of process management in their introductory course on operations management. A very important learning outcome here is an appreciation that the management of processes is a key to the management of quality. Some of the related concepts are qualitative, such as strategic and behavioral issues, whereas others are quantitative, such as statistical process control (SPC). Students often fail to interlink the qualitative and quantitative concepts. SPC, in particular, tends to be one of the most challenging topics for students. This exercise allows students to intuitively experience the underpinnings of SPC, embedded within the broader context of managing processes for quality. Once students become familiar with terms such as process variability, process control, and process capability, they are less daunted by SPC and become more appreciative of the number crunching that SPC entails.
Automated identification of microstructures on histology slides

Grading of breast cancer and the subsequent treatment options are largely dependent on the pathological examination of the histology slides from the tumor tissue. Tumor grading is currently based on the spatial organization of the tissue, including the distribution of cancer cells, the morphological properties of their nuclei and the presence/absence of cancer-associated surface receptors these cells express. In this study, we have developed an automated image processing method to detect and identify clinically relevant microscopic structures on histology slides. The tissue components identified with our program are as follows: fat cells, stroma, and three morphologically distinct cell nuclei types used in grading cancer on the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides. The image processing is based on gray-scale segmentation, feature extraction, supervised learning, subsequent training and clustering. Our automated processing system has an accuracy of 89% /spl plusmn/ 0.8 in correctly identifying the three different nuclei types observed in H & E stained histology slides.
Organic pollutants in the coastal environment off San Diego, California. 2. Petrogenic and biogenic sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons

The results from the measurements of aliphatic hydrocarbons suggest that hydrocarbons in the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant (PLWTP) effluents are mainly petroleum derived; those in the Tijuana River runoff have largely originated from terrestrial plants with visible petroleum contamination; and those in the sea surface microlayer, sediment traps, and sediments at various coastal locations off San Diego have mostly resulted from biogenic contributions with enhanced microbial products in the summer season. Rainfall in the winter season appeared to amplify the inputs from terrestrial higher plants to the coastal areas. The PLWTP discharged approximately 3.85 metric tons of n-alkanes (C10-C35) in 1994, well below the level (136 metric tons) estimated in 1979. The input of aliphatic hydrocarbons from the Tijuana River was about 0.101 metric tons in 1994. Diffusion, solubilization, evaporation, and microbial degradation seemed partially responsible for the difference in the concentrations and compositions of aliphatic hydrocarbons in different sample media, although the relative importance of each mechanism cannot be readily discerned from the available data. The results from analyses of aliphatic hydrocarbon compositional indices are generally consistent with those of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Sliding mode stabilization of three axis inertial platform

The problem of the improvement of the accuracy in three-axis inertial platform stabilization system with a dynamically tuned gyroscope sensor is considered in the paper. The nonlinear multivariable problem of three-axis inertial platform stabilization is addressed by methods of variable structure control. The decentralized algorithm of sliding mode control design has been worked out and applied for the design of the stabilization system of three-axis inertial platform. The output stabilization errors in each axis have the desired response characteristics via the use of local switched controllers. The results of the simulations of the three-axis inertial platform stabilization system with sliding mode controllers are presented and discussed. >
Linear and Nonlinear Mass Sensing Using Piezoelectrically-Actuated Microcantilevers

Chemical and biological sensors based on resonant microcantilevers offer distinct utility due to their small size, low power consumption, high sensitivity, and, when bulk fabricated, comparatively-low cost. Modern resonant mass sensors typically utilize chemomechanically-induced frequency shifts in linear resonators for analyte detection. Recent results, however, have indicated that nonlinear sensors, which actively exploit dynamic transitions across sub-critical or saddlenode bifurcations in the device’s frequency response, have the potential to exhibit improved performance metrics and operate effectively at smaller scales. This relatively-novel sensing approach directly exploits chemomechanically-induced amplitude shifts, instead of frequency shifts, for detection. Accordingly, it has the potential to eliminate the need for numerous power-consuming signal processing components in final sensor implementations. The present work details the ongoing development of low-cost, linear and nonlinear, bifurcation-based mass sensors founded upon selectivelyfunctionalized, piezoelectrically-actuated microcantilevers. Specifically, the work describes the modeling, analysis, microinkjet functionalization, and experimental characterization of these devices.
Computer Simulation of Solidification

The current state-of-the-art of computer simulation of solidification has been reviewed. Brief descriptions are given for methods of handling the latent heat of fusion and analog, finite element, finite difference, and pseudo-steady state technique used to stimulate solidification are defined. Methods of reducing manpower requirements are discussed as well as general purpose heat transfer codes currently available. The paper concludes with several examples of solidification simulation including die casting, welding, and die design applications.
Influence of triptolide on breast cancer apoptosis

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 625 Triptolide, a diterpenoid isolated from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f, has shown antitumor activities in a broad range of solid tumors. However, little is known about the ability of triptolide to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We investigated the effects of triptolide on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, and found that it potently induced apoptosis in these cells. Apoptosis was monitored by using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to measure cell viability; 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining to detect chromatin condensation; and cell morphology. Triptolide induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner at very low (nM) concentrations. Utilization of the LysoTracker Green probe revealed that triptolide triggered an increase in the amount of lysosomes present in dying cells. A biochemical assay for lysosomal acid phosphatase showed that the activity of this enzyme increased in experimental cells compared to vehicle-treated cells. In conclusion, triptolide inhibits MCF-7 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and activating lysosomal enzymes. These results suggest that triptolide might be a natural alternative for the treatment of breast cancer. The identification of the mechanisms by which triptolide regulates apoptosis warrant further investigation.
Endocrine Effects of Calcium Channel Agonists and Antagonists in a Pituitary Cell System

The endocrine regulation of the anterior pituitary gland is complex. Hypothalamic and circulating hormones control the rate of secretion of each of the adenohypophyseal hormones and also the rate of de novo hormone biosynthesis. A widely used model system for studying regulation of secretory endocrine cells is the GH3 and related cell lines, collectively referred to as GH cells. GH cells are clonal lines derived from a rat pituitary tumor and have the characteristics of a somatomammotrope, i. e., they synthesize and secrete both growth hormone and prolactin. GH cells respond to many of the stimuli that regulate anterior pituitary function in vivo and are a particularly attractive model because they afford the opportunity to study control of both the release and the synthesis of prolactin and growth hormone. Although this chapter summarizes work from this laboratory, the molecular mechanisms of regulation of GH cell function have been studied by many investigators and are the subject of a number of recent reviews (Gourdji et al. 1981; Gershengorn, 1986; Hinkle, 1988).
Modeling the Effects of Valve Lift Profile on Intake Flow and Emissions Behavior in a DI Diesel Engine

Variations in the in cylinder flow field which result from differences in the intake flow are known to have important effects on the performance and emissions behavior of diesel engines. The intake flow and combustion in a heavy duty DI diesel engine with a dual valve port have been simulated using the computational fluid dynamics code KIVA-3. Variation of the in-cylinder flow field has been achieved by varying the intake valve timing. Variations in the in-cylinder flow, including a range of length scales, degrees of inhomogeneity in a number of scalar and vector quantities, and the persistence of various flow structures, are compared, and their significance to combustion and emissions parameters are assessed. The interaction of fuel spray parameters, particularly spray-wall interaction with structures present in the flow field are evaluated. 23 refs., 28 figs., 3 tabs.
Positive Patient and Sample Identification for Blood Radiolabeling Procedures with a Bar Code System

Objective: Three patients have been reported to have received blood or a blood product from another patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while undergoing nuclear medicine procedures. We have developed a personal computer-based bar code verification system for accurately identifying blood samples used during the leukocyte radiolabeling process. Methods: The system involves production of a bar code label for each syringe and tube used in the cell labeling process. At the time of blood withdrawal, the patient is issued a wristband containing a bar code label. During the radiolabeling procedure, the labels on the tubes are scanned to match the label on the blood-withdrawal syringe. Upon the patient’s return for reinjection, the bar codes are again scanned to verify the patient on the syringe and wristband match. Patient identification is also confirmed verbally and by comparing signatures obtained from the patient. Results: It was anticipated that this verification procedure would be very time consuming and laborious. The patients have voiced their appreciation for the efforts we have taken to ensure their safety. The positive response from our patients has resulted in greater acceptance by the technologists working with the new system. The true value of this system is measured by the accuracy of patient identification and by the confidence that patients have in our work. Conclusion: The implementation of a bar code verification system has enabled us to minimize the risk of patients receiving the wrong labeled cells without involving more personnel to perform identification procedures.
A case study into providing the Bowman platform-BISA HCI

This paper describes the systems engineering work carried out by General Dynamics UK Limited to develop and deliver the platform battlefield information systems application (PBISA) human computer interface (HCI). To set the scene a brief overview of the Bowman programme and system is given with a description of how the PBISA application fits within it. The components that make up the PBISA man machine interface (MMI) are then described. Of particular interest are some of the design constraints that this work has had to consider and how these have been addressed. A discussion of the design methods and processes used with the rationale for their selection and use is presented. Finally, with the wider engineering community in mind, some of the lessons learnt through this programme are discussed. It should be noted that to enable publication, information in some areas has necessarily been edited.
A National Analysis of Endowed Chairs and Distinguished Professors in the Field of Education.

Noting a gap in the literature, this study examines how race, gender, and prestige are related to endowed and distinguished faculty of education. Specifically, this study seeks to ascertain the makeup of higher education with regard to faculty diversity: what processes are at work that serve to recreate the status quo in terms of faculty of higher education? Or, are higher education faculty members becoming more diverse as homogeneous cohorts retire and heterogeneous cohorts replace them? Using social network theory as a theoretical framework, several hypotheses were set forth. Original data (n = 517) were collected and later analyzed using descriptive as well as inferential non-parametric statistics. The findings of this study are discussed as they relate to the research questions and hypotheses, informed by social network theory. Implications for higher education policy and practice are shared, and directions for future research are considered.
The experimental production of achylia gastrica in the dog.

Bylina,1 studying pancreatic secretion, applied hot water (70° R.) to the gastric mucosa in order to produce a temporary achylia. An achylia, which lasted from six to seven days, resulted from one application.It occurred to us that permanent achylia might be produced by application of hot water at intervals. Our method has consisted in injecting into the stomach via a gastrostomy from 250 to 300 cc. of water at 70° to 75° C, allowing it to remain in the stomach for one minute. This has been repeated at six to ten day intervals. The gastric secretory response to a meal, 1 mg. of histamine and 2 mg. of histamine, has been followed.Our experiments have been under way for two months. We have found that the gastric glands neither respond to a meal, nor to 1 mg. of histamine. In some tests, in which we used 2 mg. of histamine to excite the gastric glands, one week after the last application of water, we obtained from 5 to 10 cc. of mucous which contained free acid. We find that it is difficult to maintain the n...
Pathways to Climate Change Adaptation: Making Climate Change Action Political

Pathway approaches to adaptation highlight the uncertainty of future impacts of climate change and the ongoing, contingent nature of responses to these effects. This article reviews adaptation to climate change literature employing the notion of pathways and argues that these approaches offer a useful framework to spur meaningful adaptation action. After providing an overview of the history of pathway approaches, the paper focuses on four approaches that apply the metaphor of pathways differently: the socioeconomic pathways, dynamic adaptive policy pathways, pathways to resilience, and the social, technology, and environmental pathways to sustainability. Lessons and strengths from each of these approaches are highlighted. Utilizing multiple pathway approaches can further aid in creating useful and usable knowledge. However, the paper concludes by arguing that pathway approaches could be further strengthened by including political concerns and processes. Working to include the broader public within the coproduction of pathways would help achieve this goal.
Osteopontin: an important molecule in liver diseases

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional glyco- protein that has been implicated in a number of physiological and pathological events in vivo.Recent studies have shown that abnormal changes in OPN expression occur in many liver diseases and animal models of liver diseases and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.Elucidation of mechanisms underlying the role of OPN in the pathogenesis of different liver diseases will help identify newtherapeutic targets and develop new drugs for these diseases.
Ball Convergence of a Sixth Order Iterative Method

We present a local convergence analysis of a sixth order iterative method for approximate a locally unique solution of an equation defined on the real line.
Detection of human papillomavirus in cervical smears. A comparison of in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and cytopathology

A comparison of different methods for the detection of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was made on patients attending the cervical dysplasia clinic. Cytomorphology, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization were compared for their ability to detect HPV. Separate cervicovaginal smears from 50 patients were tested for HPV types 6/11, 16 and 18 by in situ hybridization using 35S-labeled DNA probes. Duplicate smears from the same patients were Papanicolaou stained and evaluated for evidence of condylomatous and dysplastic changes. Twenty-five matching cervical biopsies were immunostained for HPV capsid antigen and tested by in situ hybridization for HPV DNA. The cytologic smears of 20 patients (40%) were positive for HPV DNA. Six patients had HPV 6/11, ten had HPV 16, three had HPV 18, and one had both HPV 6/11 and HPV 16. There was a high correlation between condylomatous cytopathology and antigen and DNA detection. One-third of the specimens with condylomatous changes were DNA negative by the tested probes, suggesting the presence of other HPV types in the genital tract.
“I Stay by Myself”: Social Support, Distrust, and Selective Solidarity Among the Urban Poor†

Significant debate exists about whether the black urban poor rely on each other for support. Currently, two perspectives dominate: the pervasive solidarity perspective, which asserts that support is widespread in poor, black communities, and the distrust-individualism perspective, which claims that, in these communities, pervasive distrust undermines social cohesion and people use individualistic strategies for solving problems. Based on fieldwork in an African American public housing development, I present the concept of selective solidarity, which suggests that social life in these communities is neither as cohesive nor as individualistic as what past perspectives suggest. With selective solidarity, people rely on one another for support but selectively choose exchange partners, restricting exchange networks. Selective solidarity helps us understand how people manage sentiments of distrust while developing strategies for coping with material deprivation. Findings also have implications for the study of urban poverty. While my informants frequently stated that they “stay by themselves,” which implies individualism, they actually have meaningful exchange relationships. I argue that this contradiction suggests that they have multiple frames for approaching social life. We must consider such frames to avoid drawing misinformed conclusions, such as that the urban poor do not have supportive relationship when in fact they do.
Defense Never Ends

IT IS TEMPTING TO THINK of defense as episodic. A competitor attacks your business, you react and take action, and then things settle down and get back to normal. So sometimes defense is important, and sometimes it isn’t.
Psychiatric Input as Part of a Comprehensive Evaluation Program for Socially and Emotionally Disturbed Children.

Placement in special education classes for the socially and emotionally disturbed (SED) requires appropriate assessment of referred children. Pennsylvania is one of the few states mandating a psych...
THE ACCOUNTANT-HISTORIANS OF THE INCAS

The quipu was the ingenious, knotted-string device utilized throughout the Incan empire for recording data within the decimal system. Although quipu experts have often been thought of as managerial or governmental accountants, the writings of the early chroniclers of Peru reveal that quipu specialists were more than accountants. Quipucamayocs were also the historians of the Incas.
Breaking of ship bores in a Boussinesq-type ship-wake model

Abstract A numerical study of ship-induced bores is carried out with a focus on soliton generation in different supercritical regimes, and the transition from breaking solitons to a pure bore measured in Gourlay's (2001) laboratory experiments. The fully nonlinear Boussinesq model, FUNWAVE-TVD, with appropriate dissipation schemes, is able to simulate ship-induced broken bores with amplitudes and periods consistent with the measured data. Two breaking dissipation schemes with different breaking criteria (a viscosity dissipation scheme with the surface slope breaking criterion, and a shock-capturing dissipation scheme with the wave height or surface elevation breaking criteria) are examined in a series of numerical experiments. It is found that both models predict soliton generation and the general trend of the transition from breaking solitons at lower Froude numbers to a pure bore at higher Froude numbers. Some differences are identified between the two different breaking schemes, including breaking locations, soliton propagation speed, amplitudes of wakes behind the ship, and the critical Froude number for the transition from a broken undular bore to a pure bore. In general, the viscosity-type breaker with the surface slope criterion performs more consistently with the laboratory observation compared with the shallow water equation-based shock-capturing breaker.
Supramolecular main-chain liquid crystalline polymers with competitive hydrogen bonding: Inclusion of structurally analogous hydrogen bond acceptors and the effects on liquid crystallinity

A series of liquid crystalline supramolecular copolymers formed through hydrogen bonding has been created. These polymers composed of bis-benzoic acids and two of pyridyl species- a small rigid bis...
Highway pollution effects on microhabitat community structure of corticolous lichens

We studied lichen communities on bole and base tree trunk segments along forest edge-to-interior gradients on opposite sides of a major highway and a control site in central North Carolina, U.S.A., to investigate if these two communities differ and if so, do they differ in response to highway pollution. At each site we measured various environmental parameters including ambient air NO2 concentrations, and sampled lichens on 5–7 trees along each of five parallel transects established at the forest edge and at 25, 60, 100 and 150 m into the forest. We compared lichen communities between the two trunk segments via species richness and composition by habit, photobiont type, and reproductive strategy. We then ran dual (bole and base) NMS ordinations with subsequent correlation/regression analyses to explore/test relationships of lichen parameters with environmental variables among the 15 sample transects combined. Species richness was similar between trunk segments at transect and site levels as well as overall. Bole and base communities were more compositionally similar to each other at the highway sites than they were at the control site, based on Bray-Curtis similarity indices (BC). Tree base communities differed in terms of functional groupings, with greater proportions of squamulose, cyanolichen and sterile species than found in tree bole communities, but varyingly so among sites. Patterns of bole-base BC values with distance from the forest edge were not apparent in any of the sites. Ordination analyses resulted in Axis 1 representing most of the variation for each trunk segment. Along this axis, correlations were similar between boles and bases, with the strongest ones involving lichen species richness (negative) and NO2 concentrations (positive); notably weak correlations involved tree species number, canopy cover and DBH. Similar patterns were found when lichen species number was correlated with environmental parameters directly, with NO2 concentration correlating strongest at each trunk segment. Among functional groups, % crustose and % fertile species on bases correlated significantly with NO2. Lichen species–NO2 relationships on boles and bases were both found to be highly significant quadratic relationships with base lichen richness being stronger.
Switchgrass and Giant Miscanthus Agronomy

Sustainable biomass feedstock production is the necessary first step for cellulosic biofuel and bioenergy production. Two species, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus), are of interest as dedicated energy crops as both have great biomass production potential. Switchgrass, a perennial warm-season grass native to most of North America, has been evaluated for biomass feedstock production in many parts of world and shows promise as a productive feedstock with many environmental benefits. Giant miscanthus, also a perennial warm-season grass, originated in Japan and has recently been evaluated as a feedstock because of substantial biomass production. The management of these two crops is very different; switchgrass is propagated using seeds and giant miscanthus is a sterile hybrid that requires asexual propagation using either rhizomes or plugs. This chapter provides detailed practical information on establishment and post-establishment management for these two grasses as dedicated energy crops.
Metric spaces and mappings

In Chapters 2 through 5 we developed many properties of functions from ℝ1 into ℝ1 with the purpose of proving the basic theorems in differential and integral calculus of one variable. The next step in analysis is the establishment of the basic facts needed in proving the theorems of calculus in two and more variables. One way would be to prove extensions of the theorems of Chapters 2–5 for functions from ℝ2 in to ℝ1 then for functions from ℝ3 into ℝ1, and so forth. However, all these results can be encompassed in one general theory obtained by introducing the concept of a metric space and by considering functions defined on one metric space with range in a second metric space. In this chapter we introduce the fundamentals of this theory and in the following two chapters the results are applied to differentiation and integration in Euclidean space in any number of dimensions.
Assessment of Percussive Music Performances with Feature Learning

The automatic assessment of (student) music performance involves the characterization of the audio recordings and the modeling of human judgments. To build a computational model that provides a rel...
HYPOPHOSPHATASIA: CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN THE ADULT PATIENT-A NARRATIVE REVIEW

ABSTRACT Objective: To review literature and present a schematic approach to hypophosphatasia (HPP) evaluation and management applicable to practicing physicians to ease its recognition and diagnos...
Three-dimensional architecture of epithelial primary cilia.

We report a complete 3D structural model of typical epithelial primary cilia based on structural maps of full-length primary cilia obtained by serial section electron tomography. Our data demonstrate the architecture of primary cilia differs extensively from the commonly acknowledged 9+0 paradigm. The axoneme structure is relatively stable but gradually evolves from base to tip with a decreasing number of microtubule complexes (MtCs) and a reducing diameter. The axonemal MtCs are cross-linked by previously unrecognized fibrous protein networks. Such an architecture explains why primary cilia can elastically withstand liquid flow for mechanosensing. The nine axonemal MtCs in a cilium are found to differ significantly in length indicating intraflagellar transport processes in primary cilia may be more complicated than that reported for motile cilia. The 3D maps of microtubule doublet–singlet transitions generally display longitudinal gaps at the inner junction between the A- and B-tubules, which indicates the inner junction protein is a major player in doublet–singlet transitions. In addition, vesicles releasing from kidney primary cilia were observed in the structural maps, supporting that ciliary vesicles budding may serve as ectosomes for cell–cell communication.
Relationships between stochastic and deterministic population models

The infinitesimal parameters of a variety of Markov population models can be written as q k (N) ,k+l=Nℝl(N-1k) where k,l ∈ ℤdand N is a parameter which is of the same order of magnitude as the population size. Under appropriate conditions, a family of Markov processes {XN} with these parameters satisfies \( \mathop{{\lim }}\limits_{{N \to \infty }} {N^{{ - 1}}}{X_N}(t) = X(t) \), in probability where X(t) is a solution of the differential equation \( \mathop{{X = F(X) \equiv \sum\limits_l {l{\mathbb{R}_l}} (X)}}\limits^o \).
Neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and emotional symptoms common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Introduction We studied neurodevelopmental and behavioral/emotional symptoms in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods Retrospective case series of neurodevelopmental and behavioral/emotional symptoms obtained through review of systems of 700 DMD patients in relation to dystrophin gene mutations. Results The most common symptoms encountered were emotional/behavioral dysregulation (38.7%), inattention/hyperactive features (31.4%), obsessive and compulsive features (25.0%), and language/speech delays (24.4%). Most patients (72.7%) had at least one symptom. Patients with mutations near the 3' end of the dystrophin gene were at higher risk for developing inattention/hyperactive features, language/speech delays, and global intellectual delays. Those with mutations between exon 31 and 79 had higher risk of clustering of symptoms when compared with those upstream of exon 30. Discussion Neurodevelopmental, emotional, and behavioral symptoms are common comorbidities in DMD. There is higher prevalence of inattention/hyperactive features, language/speech delays, and global intellectual delays in genotypes affecting the 3' end of the dystrophin gene.
ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION PRESENTING WITH TRANSIENT PARAPLEGIA

Aortic dissection commonly occurs in older individuals with uncontrolled hypertension and presents classically as chest pain with radiation to the back. We present a case of type A aortic dissection in a young and healthy male who presented with transient paraplegia. 31 year-old-male with history
Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structures of the Pneumoviridae Polymerases

The resolution revolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has made a significant impact on the structural analysis of the Pneumoviridae multifunctional RNA polymerases. In recent months, seve...
Meningomyeloencephalitis secondary to Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in AIDS.

Infections by opportunistic non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rising in global incidence. One emerging, slowly growing NTM is Mycobacterium haemophilum, which can cause skin, lung, bone, and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised patients as well as lymphadenitis in immunocompetent individuals. Detection of this microorganism is difficult using conventional culture-based methods and few reports have documented involvement of this pathogen within the central nervous system (CNS). We describe the neuropathologic autopsy findings of a 39-year-old man with AIDS who died secondary to M. haemophilum CNS infection. He initially presented with repeated bouts of pyrexia, nausea and vomiting, and altered mental status that required numerous hospitalizations. CSF infectious workups were consistently negative. His most recent admission identified hyperintensities within the brainstem by MRI and despite antibiotic therapies for suspected CNS infection, he died. Autopsy revealed a swollen brain with marked widening of the brainstem. Microscopic examination of the brain and spinal cord showed focal lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, gliosis and neuronal loss that were associated with acid-fast bacilli (AFB). The brainstem was the most severely damaged and AFB were found to congregate along arterial territories lending support to the notion of hematogenous spread as a mechanism for the organisms’ dissemination. 16S rRNA sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue enabled post-mortem identification of M. haemophilum. This sequencing methodology may permit diagnosis on CSF intra-vitam.