cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations and modeling of heat fluxes on tidal flats

[1] A cross-shore model of tidal flat heat and mass fluxes is developed to understand the heat exchange between the sediment bed and the water column. A convective heat-transfer coefficient is used to model sediment-water heat fluxes which are as great as 20% of the incoming solar shortwave radiation. The model results match well with observations and are used to assess processes across tidal to seasonal time scales. During the summer, tidal flat sediments store incoming shortwave radiation during exposure and act effectively as a net source of heat to the water column. This pattern changes in the winter, when the flats cool during exposure and act effectively as a net sink of heat. Additionally, during the summer water temperatures at the edge of the flooding front are elevated 5°C above the surface sediment temperatures. Model results replicate this process only when water column light extinction coefficients are high, consistent with visual observations of high turbidity (and thus high light absorption) at the leading edge of the flooding front.
Una reflexión sobre la violencia y la construcción de paz desde el teatro y el arte

Este articulo es una invitacion a pensar en el arte y el legado de la violencia y la injusticia en la historia de la humanidad y en los esfuerzos trabajados desde diferentes proyectos artisticos en la resolucion de conflictos y en la promocion de la paz en el mundo. Se presentan y analizan algunas de esas experiencias y se examina como han sido aplicadas por diferentes disciplinas para resolver o avanzar sobre algunos de los problemas que aquejan a la sociedad. Es tambien importante pensar en el uso del arte, del teatro y de la creatividad como estrategia metodologica y como un ejercicio de investigacion participativa que permita la investigacion transformativa en el campo de la violencia y el trabajo en grupo desde las comunidades afectadas.
A recovery-based a posteriori error estimator for H(curl) interface problems

Abstract This paper introduces a new recovery-based a posteriori error estimator for the lowest order Nedelec finite element approximation to the H ( curl ) interface problem. The error estimator is analyzed by establishing both the reliability and the efficiency bounds and is supported by numerical results. Under certain assumptions, it is proved that the reliability and efficiency constants are independent of the jumps of the coefficients.
Prospects for pulsed power above ten megamperes

Systems, such as Shiva Star, Atlas and magnetic-flux compression generators, that can deliver several megajoules at currents above 10 MA, offer the opportunity for many interesting experiments in controlled fusion technology and basic material dynamics. Typical current rise-times of a few microseconds result, even with low inductance (<20 nH) circuitry, because several megajoules are delivered at less than 200 kV. This means that conductor surfaces can move significantly relative to the skin-layer thickness, and surface plasmas can interfere with power flow. Success with such multi-megampere technology, therefore, requires considerable attention to the detailed design of joints and conductor surfaces. The paper discusses these and other design considerations. It also describes opportunities enabled by operation above 10 MA.
Choking Under Social Pressure Social Monitoring Among the Lonely

Lonely individuals may decode social cues well but have difficulty putting such skills to use precisely when they need them—in social situations. In four studies, we examined whether lonely people choke under social pressure by asking participants to complete social sensitivity tasks framed as diagnostic of social skills or nonsocial skills. Across studies, lonely participants performed worse than nonlonely participants on social sensitivity tasks framed as tests of social aptitude, but they performed just as well or better than the nonlonely when the same tasks were framed as tests of academic aptitude. Mediational analyses in Study 3 and misattribution effects in Study 4 indicate that anxiety plays an important role in this choking effect. This research suggests that lonely individuals may not need to acquire social skills to escape loneliness; instead, they must learn to cope with performance anxiety in interpersonal interactions.
Isolation and flow cytometric characterization of newborn mouse brain-derived microglia maintained in vitro.

Abstract Microglia have been identified in the white matter of developing and adult mouse brain using different murine macrophage markers. While several techniques for the isolation of murine microglia have been described, the small cell yields and partial purification have limited the progress of these studies. We now describe the isolation of murine microglia using a modification of McCarthy and de Vellis method. Brain tissues from 1-2 day old newborn mice were mechanically and chemically dissociated and maintained in in vitro culture for 3 weeks. In primary dissociated brain cultures, microglia are observed after 10 days migrating from small colonies. After 16-20 days, brain-derived microglia were isolated with high cell yields by continuous shaking of the cultures for 16 hr. In contrast to resident murine peritoneal macrophages, microglia express less Class II (Ia) antigen and a small percentage express L3T4 (CD4) antigen by flow cytometry.
A Mouse-Adapted SARS-Coronavirus Causes Disease and Mortality in BALB/c Mice

No single animal model for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) reproduces all aspects of the human disease. Young inbred mice support SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) replication in the respiratory tract and are available in sufficient numbers for statistical evaluation. They are relatively inexpensive and easily accessible, but their use in SARS research is limited because they do not develop illness following infection. Older (12- to 14-mo-old) BALB/c mice develop clinical illness and pneumonitis, but they can be hard to procure, and immune senescence complicates pathogenesis studies. We adapted the SARS-CoV (Urbani strain) by serial passage in the respiratory tract of young BALB/c mice. Fifteen passages resulted in a virus (MA15) that is lethal for mice following intranasal inoculation. Lethality is preceded by rapid and high titer viral replication in lungs, viremia, and dissemination of virus to extrapulmonary sites accompanied by lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and pathological changes in the lungs. Abundant viral antigen is extensively distributed in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar pneumocytes, and necrotic cellular debris is present in airways and alveoli, with only mild and focal pneumonitis. These observations suggest that mice infected with MA15 die from an overwhelming viral infection with extensive, virally mediated destruction of pneumocytes and ciliated epithelial cells. The MA15 virus has six coding mutations associated with adaptation and increased virulence; when introduced into a recombinant SARS-CoV, these mutations result in a highly virulent and lethal virus (rMA15), duplicating the phenotype of the biologically derived MA15 virus. Intranasal inoculation with MA15 reproduces many aspects of disease seen in severe human cases of SARS. The availability of the MA15 virus will enhance the use of the mouse model for SARS because infection with MA15 causes morbidity, mortality, and pulmonary pathology. This virus will be of value as a stringent challenge in evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines and antivirals.
Research Management in Biomechanics

Biomechanics is the application of engineering mechanics to the study of biological systems. The multidisciplinary nature of biomechanics research, and the fact that it often involves complex, collaborative efforts between universities, hospitals, and industry, make biomechanics research management especially difficult. In addition, biomechanics research programs usually involve many individual projects, often directed by independent investigators. These investigators, whether involved principally in biology, medicine or enginering, come to the research with different backgrounds, aspirations and professional languages, sometimes making communication difficult.
Surface Activity of Amphiphilic Helical β-Peptides from Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The surface activity of β-peptides is investigated using molecular simulations. The type and display of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups on helical β-peptides is varied systematically. Peptides with 2/3 hydrophobic groups are found to be surface active, and to adopt an orientation parallel to the air−water interface. For select β-peptides, we also determine the potential of mean force required to bring a peptide to the air−water interface. Facially amphiphilic helices with 2/3 hydrophobic groups are found to exhibit the lowest free energy of adsorption. The adsorption process is driven by a favorable energetic term and opposed by negative entropic changes. The temperature dependence of adsorption is also investigated; facially amphiphilic helices are found to adopt orientations that are largely independent of temperature, while nonfacially amphiphilic helices sample a broader range of interfacial orientations at elevated temperatures. The thermodynamics of adsorption of β-peptides is compared to that of...
Comments on current photovoltaic technology

Abstract The development of and prospects for photovoltaic science and technology in the U.S.A. are reviewed. Current perceptions toward the technology are optimistic but are tempered by the realization that the development of alternative energy sources does not represent a priority item during a period of energy stability. The growth of world-wide intermediate markets is a prerequisite for industry success. A far-sighted approach to technology and market development by U.S. industry and government is likely to result in appreciable national utility applications at the end of the first decade of the next century.
Performance evaluation for application-specific architectures

Performance evaluation is critical for the minimization of design cost. It consists of two parts: modeling the underlying hardware engine and evaluating the performance of the application code for the model developed in the first part. In this paper, we propose a new parameterized model for application-specific architectures and present a retargetable scheduler for performance evaluation. The model, different from those proposed previously, reflects comprehensive architectural characteristics that affect hardware parallelism. The scheduler, distinguished from previous ones, takes into account not only functional and storage unit resources but also interconnect resources during the performance evaluation. The new architecture model, together with the retargetable scheduler, enables designers to accurately evaluate the performance of a variety of ASIC and ASIP architectures.
A young woman with fatigue

She has had nonspecific symptoms and diarrhea for the past few years. Routine laboratory testing reveals iron-deficiency anemia. What is the cause?
High Rayleigh number thermo‐chemical models of a dense boundary layer in D″

We simulate the eects of an intrinsically dense boundary layer at the base of the mantle on the thermal structure of D 00 and the dynamics of the lower mantle. Us- ing a nite element model of thermo-chemical convection in 2-D with a Rayleigh number of 10 7 ,w e investigate the dy- namic consequences of varying the density and of increasing thermal diusivity in the basal layer to simulate enrichment in metals. Convection may occur within a stable layer at the base of the model mantle, leading to short (400 km) wavelength temperature variations that contrast with the longer wavelength (1500 { 2000 km) variations above the dense layer. Strong small-scale convection within the layer is not observed if the layer is only marginally stable and easily deformed.
Reliability study of microelectronic packaging assemblies by a multiaxial submicron fatigue tester

Existing mini testers are mostly single axial without any active specimen alignment monitoring and adjustment capability. Fundamental investigation for packaging materials needs to be conducted in terms of constitutive laws, fracture process, failure quantities. For the first time, specimen alignment monitoring and adjustment was demonstrated for a single lap shear sample by the 6-axis mini tester and its associated alignment monitoring and control system, assisted by a high resolution laser moire measurement. This paper presents results for two types of polyimide films, one led-free solder alloy, some other conventional materials, and a flip-chip assembly subjected to a three points bending. Various mechanisms of deformation and failure for both the materials and structures have been discussed. In particular, a new constitutive model for polymer films is also proposed in this paper.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Differences in female individual reproductive potential among three stocks of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus

Abstract Potential annual fecundity (PAF) and skipped spawning of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus , were compared among the three stocks in United States waters and between two spawning seasons. Winter flounder have group-synchronous oocyte development and determinate fecundity. These characteristics enable estimation of PAF just prior to spawning by enumeration of the late-vitellogenic cohort of oocytes, in this case employing the autodiametric method. There was a low level of down-regulation, which was limited to fish in the earlier stages of vitellogenesis. Estimates of PAF increased substantially with female size and age, ranging from 5 million eggs per female. Fecundity at size decreased with increasing latitude. On average, fish from the Southern New England (SNE) stock had the highest individual fecundities at length and Gulf of Maine (GOM) the lowest, but differences varied among the years. Fecundity at length of fish from Georges Bank (GB) was intermediate to these two stocks and displayed less variability at size; however, GB fish grow faster so they had the highest relative fecundity at age. Skipped spawning also exhibited geographic differences; it was infrequent (
Survey of major histocompatibility complex class II diversity in pig-tailed macaques

Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) serve as important models for human infectious disease research. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are important to this research since they present peptides to CD4+ T cells. Despite the importance of characterizing the MHC-II alleles expressed in model species like pig-tailed macaques, to date, less than 150 MHC-II alleles have been named for the six most common classical class II loci (DRA, DRB, DQA, DQB, DPA, and DPB) in this population. Additionally, only a small percentage of these alleles are full-length, making it impossible to use the known sequence for reagent development. To address this, we developed a fast, high-throughput method to discover full-length MHC-II alleles and used it to characterize alleles in 32 pig-tailed macaques. By this method, we identified 128 total alleles across all six loci. We also performed an exon 2-based genotyping assay to validate the full-length sequencing results; this genotyping assay could be optimized for use in determining MHC-II allele frequencies in large cohorts of pig-tailed macaques.
Synthesis and Morphological Behavior of Model Linear and Miktoarm Star Copolymers of 2-Methyl-1,3-Pentadiene and Styrene

Three linear diblock copolymers (PS-b-P2MP), two 3-miktoarm [PS(P2MP)2] copolymers, and two 4-miktoarm star copolymers [PS(P2MP)3] of styrene (S) and 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene (2MP) were synthesized by anionic polymerization/high vacuum techniques and controlled chlorosilane chemistry. Molecular characterization of the samples was carried out by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), membrane osmometry (MO), low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS), and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and indicated a high degree of molecular and compositional homogeneity. All samples had approximately the same total Mw (∼100 000), different compositions, and high 1,4-microstructure for the P2MP blocks. The morphological behavior was determined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results were compared with those found for PS/PI block copolymer systems and with Milner's theoretical prediction. Significant discrepancies were found. A...
Attitude control with active actuator saturation prevention

Abstract Spacecraft attitude control in the presence of actuator saturation is considered. The attitude controller developed has two components: a proportional component and an angular velocity component. The proportional control has a special form that depends on the attitude parameterization. The angular velocity control is realized by a strictly positive real system with its own input nonlinearity. The strictly positive real system can filter noise in the angular velocity measurement. With this control architecture the torques applied to the body are guaranteed to be below a predetermined value, thus preventing saturation of the actuators. The closed-loop equilibrium point corresponding to the desired attitude is shown to be asymptotically stable. Additionally, the control law does not require specific knowledge of the body׳s inertia properties, and is therefore robust to such modelling errors.
New York-to-Schenectady television relay

Rebroadcasting of National Broadcasting Company originated television programs from New York, N. Y., by station WRGB in Schenectady, N. Y., has been carried on since 1940. Until 1947 this was done by receiving the New York signal near Schenectady and employing a short 160-megacycle link. Since that time a 4-link microwave relay has been in use on frequencies in the 2,000-megacycle region. This installation has shown definite advantages and is applicable for systems requiring a small number of links, with line-of-sight paths up to 60 miles.
Longitudinal Study of the Standard Electrocardiogram in the Healthy Premature Infant During the First Year of Life

Abstract Data from serial electrocardiograms obtained from healthy premature infants aged 24 hours to 1 year are presented. Comparison is made mainly with Ziegler's data on healthy full-term infants. Although there were many similarities, important differences were noted. All wave durations in the electrocardiograms of healthy premature infants were shorter than those of healthy full-term infants. The P and QRS vectors were directed more to the left and posteriorly in premature infants than in full-term infants, and there was less right ventricular dominance at birth in premature infants than in full-term infants.
Production in two-liter beverage bottles of proteins for NMR structure determination labeled with either 15N- or 13C-15N.

The use of 2-L polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles as a bacterial culture vessel has been recently introduced as an enabling technology for high-throughput structural biology [Sanville Millard, C. et al., 2003. Protein Express. Purif. 29, 311–320]. In the article following this one [Stols et al., this issue, pp. 95–102], this approach was elaborated for selenomethionine labeling used for multiwavelength anomalous dispersion phasing in the X-ray crystallographic determinations of protein structure. Herein, we report an effective and reproducible schedule for uniform 15N- and 13C-labeling of recombinant proteins in 2-L beverage bottles for structural determination by NMR spectroscopy. As an example, three target proteins selected from Arabidopsis thaliana were expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)/pLysS from a T7-based expression vector, purified, and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NMR analysis by 1H-15N heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy. The results show that expressions in the unlabeled medium provide a suitable control for estimation of the level of production of the labeled protein. Mass spectral characterizations show that the purified proteins contained a level of isotopic incorporation equivalent to the isotopically labeled materials initially present in the growth medium, while NMR analysis of the [U-15N]-labeled proteins provided a convenient method to assess the solution state properties of the target protein prior to production of a more costly double-labeled sample.
An observed short-term motor memory effect for isometric force emission

Contrary to an earlier study, the accuracy of isometric force production is shown to fall under the influence of short-term motor memory, and in a manner quite similar to that previously observed for linear and rotary movement. Four paid male high school seniors pulled on a control stick with one of four designated target force bands. The target ranges were randomly varied in one phase of the experiment, and were the same for a series of consecutive responses in another. A red light came on after each response, and remained on for one of four durations; subjects were instructed not to respond while the light was on. Key variables accounting for the positive findings in the present experiment appear to be the availability of repetition (or massing), and the utilization of appropriate concurrent motor cues which are not supported by correlated visual cues.
Evaluation of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ALN-RSV01, a novel RNAi antiviral therapeutic directed against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) work through RNA interference (RNAi), the natural RNA inhibitory pathway, to down-regulate protein production by inhibiting targeted mRNA in a sequence-specific manner. ALN-RSV01 is an siRNA directed against the mRNA encoding the N-protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) that exhibits specific in vitro and in vivo anti-RSV activity. The results of two safety and tolerability studies with ALN-RSV01 involving 101 healthy adults (65 active, 36 placebo, single- and multiple dose, observer-blind, randomized dose-escalation) are described. Intranasal administration of ALN-RSV01 was well tolerated over a dose range up through 150mg as a single dose and for five daily doses. Adverse events were similar in frequency and severity to placebo (normal saline) and were transient, mild to moderate, with no dose-dependent trend. The frequency or severity of adverse events did not increase with increasing ALN-RSV01 exposure. All subjects completed all treatments and assessments with no early withdrawals or serious adverse events. Physical examinations, vital signs, ECGs and laboratory tests were normal. Systemic bioavailability of ALN-RSV01 was minimal. ALN-RSV01 appears safe and well tolerated when delivered intranasally and is a promising therapeutic candidate for further clinical development.
N‐phenyl indolyl‐3‐biityraitiide and phenyl indole‐3‐thiolobutyrate enhance adventitious root primordium development

N-phenyl indoryl-3-butyramide (NP-IBA) and phenyl indole-3-thiolobutyrate (P-ITB) are new synthetic auxins that enhance rooting of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Top Crop) hypocotyl cuttings and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedling cuttings. In comparison with an equal concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), NP-IBA treatment resulted in greater rooting of bean and jack pine seedling cuttings. IBA and P-ITB treatment at equal concentration were equally effective in inducing rooting of bean cuttings. However, in comparison with an equal concentration of IBA, P-ITB treatment promoted greater rooting of jack pine seedling cuttings, but P-ITB treatment was less effective than NP-IBA treatment. Application of crystalline chemical to jack pine seedling cuttings indicated lesser toxic effects and earlier and greater root-promoting effects of P-ITB and NP-IBA treatments, in comparison with IBA treatment. The earlier rooting of NP-IBA-treated jack pine seedling cuttings was positively related to increase in fresh weight of basal 1 cm stem before primordia were initiated. Weight of basal steins of NP-IBA-treated cuttings initially increased during propagation at day 2 in comparison with the control, and at day 3 in comparison with IBA-treated cuttings. Results that were obtained with seedling jack pine cuttings were generally confirmed for cuttings from 7-year-old trees.
Mental Health Services Outcome Evaluation

There is an urgent need for pertinent outcome information. Relevance for decision makers must take priority over scientific rigor. However, a review of computer-identified outcome evaluation reports from community service settings, during the past 5 years, suggests that much more has been said than has been done. Although relatively heterogeneous in scope, these studies focused on the effects of community support services for adults with persistent and severe mental illness; traditional outpatient services have been neglected. Studies are characterized by multidimensional, standardized outcome assessment, and nonequivalent comparison group and single cohort designs. Randomized designs, with usual services as the control condition, were feasible in some situations. Inadequate sample size and attrition continue to be method problems.
A note on Hecke eigenvalues of Hermitian Siegel Eisenstein series

In this note we compute Hecke eigenvalues of Siegel Eisenstein series on the unitary group \(\operatorname{U}(2,2)\) induced from a character. We do this for Hecke operators at primes not dividing the level of the Eisenstein series.
Experimental determination of the three-dimensional structure of oligosaccharides

Abstract The wide variety of structures found in complex carbohydrates of glycoproteins, glycolipids and bacterial polysaccharides makes it unlikely that simple answers will be found concerning the principles governing their conformation. Available evidence indicates that some oligosaccharides are flexible with conformational exchange of unknown kinetics among two or more conformers. This review covers the wealth of new experimental NMR spectroscopy and optical techniques published within the past year that will provide the basis for major adbances in understanding the conformation and dynamics of complex oligosaccharides.
Laser light scattering as a probe for structure and dynamics in bulk polymers: Polystyrene

We begin with an outline of a theory of density fluctuations in the glassy state based on a partial freeze-in of an ordering parameter, as derived from previous equation of state investigations. Then laser light scattering studies of glasses formed by atactic polystyrene are described. Photon correlation analysis indicates two relaxation mechanisms. A slow process dominates aboveT g , has a wide asymmetric distribution of relaxation times and is evidently related to the glass transition phenomenon. A small-amplitude fast decay with a narrow relaxation spectrum is also observed. BelowT g , this mode is shown to be dependent on scattering angle and is evidently a diffusion mechanism, which may be related to theβ-relaxation process. Relative integrated intensities are presented for isotropic and depolarized scattering from glasses densified by pressurization in the melt, followed by isobaric cooling to 25°C and depressurization. The depolarized scattering for the glass formed at atmospheric pressure has a value consistent with a completely disordered glass. However, a small increase in depolarized scattering appears to occur on densification. This result may reflect a small increase in intersegmental ordering in glassy polystyrene upon densification. The isotropic scattering shows a large systematic increase in the densified glass. This is apparently the result of an inhomogeneous density change during the depressurization step.
Spin and parity measurements in 128,129La.

Electron conversion coefficients and {gamma}-ray angular distributions for high spin states in {sup 128,129}La are reported. Angular distribution information on {sup 129}La shows that previously proposed spin assignments for the side band in this nucleus are incorrect. The {sup 128}La electron conversion coefficients show that the observed dipole transitions have {ital M}1 multipolarities. The results are discussed in terms of a proposal that nuclei near {sup 128}Ba are statically octupole deformed.
Current status of novel antifibrotic therapies in patients with chronic liver disease

Fibrosis accumulation is a dynamic process resulting from a wound-healing response to acute or chronic liver injury of all causes. The cascade starts with hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis, which instigate inflammatory signaling by chemokines and cytokines, recruitment of immune cell populations, and activation of fibrogenic cells, culminating in the deposition of extracellular matrix. These key elements, along with pathways of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, represent fertile therapeutic targets. New therapies include drugs specifically designed as antifibrotics, as well as drugs already available with well-established safety profiles, whose mechanism of action may also be antifibrotic. At the same time, the development of noninvasive fibrogenic markers, and techniques (e.g. fibroscan), as well as combined scoring systems incorporating serum and clinical features will allow improved assessment of therapy response. In aggregate, the advances in the elucidation of the biology of fibrosis, combined with improved technologies for assessment will provide a comprehensive framework for design of antifibrotics and their analysis in well-designed clinical trials. These efforts may ultimately yield success in halting the progression of, or reversing, liver fibrosis.
Isolation and characterization of two follicle-specific proteins from eggs of Manduca sexta

Abstract Two proteins synthesized exclusively in developing follicles have been isolated from eggs of Manduca sexta . One protein has a molecular mass of 130 kDa and is composed of two identical 65 kDa subunits. This protein is glycosylated and phosphorylated. The second protein has a molecular mass of 140 kDa and is composed of two 40 and two 35 kDa subunits. The second protein is glycosylated but not phosphorylated. The proteins are made after active vitellogenin uptake by the developing egg but before chorion formation. Both proteins are extremely sensitive to hydrolysis by proteases found in the egg. We propose the generic term follicle-specific protein (FSP) for these proteins.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Intra-articular Osteoid Osteoma of the Hip

Diagnosis and treatment of intra-articular osteoid osteoma is challenging. We present 16 patients with intra-articular osteoid osteomas of the hip treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Eight osteoid osteomas were located in the femoral head, six in the femoral neck, and two in the acetabulum. Three of the 16 patients had had an incorrect previous diagnosis. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation was a clinical and technical success in all 16 patients. Within the first 24 h after the procedure, pain improved in all patients. Five patients had pain relief within the first 3 days after the procedure, nine patients within the first week and two patients within 2 weeks. Residual or recurrent symptoms were not reported by the last follow-up. At the 12-month follow-up, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed complete ossification and bone regeneration at the site of the lesion in three patients, partial ossification in six patients and no changes in seven patients. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is a simple, minimally invasive, safe and effective method for the treatment of most intra-articular osteoid osteomas.
An in vitro investigation of genetic susceptibility to cancer in diploid fibroblasts from retinoblastoma patients

Thirty-two diploid fibroblast strains from individuals with the three forms of retinoblastoma were examined with an in vitro clonogenic survival assay to determine their sensitivity to killing by X rays. Strains from sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma patients and normal controls were indistinguishable from one another (group D0's . 147 +/- 15 rads and 146 +/- 5 rads, respectively) while the strains from patients with the hereditary form of the disease were significantly more X-ray sensitive (D0 . 111 +/- 12). Strains derived from individuals with the D-deletion form of the disease resembled the hereditary strains with respect to sensitivity and heterogeneity, suggesting a possible, common etiology for these two forms of the disease. A DNA-repair defect is hypothesized as reflected by the observed hypersensitivity to X-irradiation in these cells. We suggest that this defect may be associated with the enhanced frequency of spontaneous and radiation-induced second tumors seen in some retinoblastoma patients.
The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Reflective Judgment Among Female Students

Forty-three female undergraduate and graduate students preparing for careers as educators provided Omnibus Personality Inventory and Reflective Judgment Interview data. The sample included 14 seniors, 15 master's candidates, and 14 doctoral candidates. Each educational level group included participants with a range of intellectual disposition scores as measured by the Omnibus Personality Inventory. Scores on six scales of the Omnibus Personality Inventory correlated significantly with Reflective Judgment Interview scores (p < .05): thinking introversion, response bias, altruism, autonomy, complexity, and theoretical orientation. These findings support the conclusion that postformal reasoning, as described in P. M. King and K. S. Kitchener's (1994) reflective judgment model of cognitive development, is related to measurable personality traits.
BCR-ABL: a multi-faceted promoter of DNA mutation in chronic myelogeneous leukemia.

The role of the BCR–ABL oncogene in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to blast crisis (BC) is unknown. The appearance of chromosomal aberrations in patients with CML BC has led to many attempts to elucidate a mechanism whereby BCR–ABL affects DNA damage and repair. BCR–ABL-expressing cells have been found to accumulate genetic abnormalities, but the mechanism leading to this genomic instability is controversial. In this study, we review the effects of BCR–ABL on DNA repair mechanisms, centrosomes, checkpoint activation and apoptosis. BCR–ABL has diverse effects on these mechanisms, but which of these effects are necessary for the progression of CML to BC is still unresolved.
A 17-year longitudinal study of religion and mental health in a Mormon sample

In 1984, 1987, and 2001, data were collected on a religiously devout group of college students (N = 53) in an effort to better understand the process of religious development and the relationship between religiosity and mental health. This study analyzes those data by examining the relationship between devoutness and psychopathology over time, the correlations between intrinsic religiosity and indices of psychopathology, the stability of religious motivations over the course of adulthood, and the stability of two different religious development styles that were identified in 1984. This study found that (1) these religiously devout individuals have consistently fallen within the normal range on the clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and have demonstrated continual reduction in their scores on those scales; (2) there were no correlations between scores of intrinsic religiosity and psychopathology; (3) these participants’ religious motivations remained stable over the course o...
Liapunov-Razumikhin conditions for asymptotic stability in functional differential equations of Volterra type

In [l], B.S. Razumikhin gave conditions for the stability and asymptotic stability of the zero state of systems of ordinary differential equations involving a fixed finite time delay. His conditions make use of Liapunov functions defined on the finite-dimensional state space rather than on the space of functions continuous on the interval of delay; for methods involving functions of the latter type, cf., for example, Yoshizawa 121. In a recent paper [3], the author has used Liapunov functions of Razumikhin type to give conditions sufficient for the stability of the zero state of a system of ordinary differential equations involving an interval of delay which becomes unbounded as t + + co; an example of such a system is an integrodifferential equation of Volterra type:
Osteopontin in diabetic nephropathy: signpost or road ?

Defining the molecular pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy remains a huge challenge to the medical research community. Recent studies of knockout mice have provided new insights into the role of osteopontin in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Staggered wages, financial frictions, and the international comovement problem

Abstract Standard international real business cycle models often generate negative cross-country correlations in labor and investment. The data, however, display positive correlations. This paper studies the effect of real wage rigidity and financial frictions on international comovement. We find that staggered wages mainly improve the cross-country correlation of labor, while financial frictions improve investment comovement. However, each friction alone cannot account for the magnitude of international correlations of either variable. When the two imperfections are introduced together, the effect of each friction endogenously reinforces the other and the model generates realistic correlations in both variables.
Management Practices as Predictors of Success for Small-Volume Home Builders in the United States

The literature is replete with ratio-based accounting models that attempt to explain the success of home building companies based on the analysis of their financial statements. However, to date, only a few scientific studies have attempted to identify specific management practices as non-financial predictors of success in construction companies. This study seeks to explain correlations between specific management practices and the profitability of small-volume home builders in the United States. A questionnaire, designed to measure the level of selected management practices, was mailed to more than 1,100 randomly selected members of the National Association of Home Builders that reportedly produced 25 or fewer new homes per year. More than 475 companies responded to the survey. Three statistical tools—correlation coefficients, chi-squared analysis, and stepwise regression—were used to facilitate the statistical analysis of correlations between the management practices employed and company profitability. S...
Diabetes self-management education improves quality of care and clinical outcomes determined by a diabetes bundle measure.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of diabetes self-management education (DSME) in improving processes and outcomes of diabetes care as measured by a five component diabetes bundle and HbA1c, in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for adult T2DM patients who received DSME training in 2011-2012 from an accredited American Diabetes Association center at Intermountain Healthcare (IH) and had an HbA1c measurement within the prior 3 months and 2-6 months after completing their first DSME visit. Control patients were selected from the same clinics as case-patients using random number generator to achieve a 1 to 4 ratio. Case and control patients were included if 1) pre-education HbA1c was between 6.0%-14.0%; 2) their main provider was a primary care physician; 3) they met the national Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set criteria for inclusion in the IH diabetes registry. The IH diabetes bundle includes retinal eye exam, nephropathy screening or prescription of angiotensin converting enzyme or angiotensin receptor blocker; blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, LDL <100 mg/dL, HbA1c <8.0%. RESULTS DSME patients had a significant difference in achievement of the five element IH diabetes bundle and in HbA1c % compared to those without DSME. After adjusting for possible confounders in a multivariate logistic regression model, DSME patients had a 1.5 fold difference in improvement in their diabetes bundle and almost a 3 fold decline in HbA1c compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Standardized DSME taught within an IH American Diabetes Association center is strongly associated with a substantial improvement in patients meeting all five elements of a diabetes bundle and a decline in HbA1c beyond usual care. Given the low operating cost of the DSME program, these results strongly support the value adding benefit of this program in treating T2DM patients.
The electrodynamics of interacting electrons in anisotropic metals

Abstract I discuss the main features of the electrodynamic response of low-dimensional metals both in their broken symmetry, charge density wave and spin density wave states, and above the phase transition in the “metallic” state. Both single-particle and collective (phason) excitations can be identified in the broken symmetry states, whereas the metallic state is characterized by strong fluctuation and correlation effects which lead to dramatic deviations from the conventional Drude response.
Elementary steps in the formation of highly dispersed palladium in NaY: II. Particle formation and growth

Abstract Calcination conditions which leave Pd ions in Pd NaY in two reproducible states have previously been defined: Low-temperature calcination ( T c = 250 ° C ) leaves Pd(NH 3 ) 2+ x in supercages, but high-temperature calcination ( T c = 500 ° C ) places Pd 2+ quantitatively in sodalite cages. It has now been found that the processes which lead to Pd particle formation during reduction with H 2 are entirely different for these two cases. Reduction of Pd ions in supercages results in the formation of primary particles ( d A ) which rapidly migrate and coalesce to larger particles, whose migration is impeded by the size of the supercage windows. Reduction of Pd ions in sodalite cages, however, leads to the formation of isolated atoms or dimers which are trapped in these cages. Their subsequent release into the supercage network is an activated process. The ratio of adsorbed hydrogen to reduced palladium, in this case, initially increases with temperature, then passes through a maximum, indicating that isolated Pd atoms are incapable of dissociatively chemisorbing H 2 .
Ideology, Issues, and Limited Information: Implications for Voting Behavior

Recent research on the role of news coverage in political processes has focused on how media representations affect different types of people in different ways. Following this tradition, this study presented participants with a news story about a fictional extremist group that shared the same issue with a real group they had selected as either their most or least liked. After reading the news story, participants indicated their intent to vote for a candidate based on the candidate's support or opposition to the group. The findings demonstrate no main effects for ideology but a consistent interaction between respondent ideology and least- vs. most-liked group condition. Specifically, liberals were more likely to vote based on a politician's stance toward an ideologically extreme group than were conservatives. Additional analyses indicate that tolerance or values do not moderate this relationship. These findings provide evidence that media manipulations impact support or opposition of groups.
Thrust production by a mechanical swimming lamprey

To develop a comprehensive model of lamprey locomotion, we use a robotic lamprey to investigate the formation of the wake structure, the shedding vorticity from the body, and the relationship between thrust production and pressure on the surface of the robot. The robot mimics the motion of living lamprey in steady swimming by using a programmable microcomputer to actuate 13 servomotors that produce a traveling wave along the length of the lamprey body. The amplitude of the phase-averaged surface pressure distribution along the centerline of the robot increases toward the tail, which is consistent with previous momentum balance experiments. This indicates that thrust is produced mainly at the tail. The phase relationship between the pressure signal and the vortex shedding from the tail is also examined, showing a clear connection between the location of vortex structures and the fluctuations of the pressure signal.
Polarization Characteristics of Scattered Radiation from a Diffraction Grating by Ellipsometry with Application to Surface Roughness

The polarization properties of the various diffracted orders from a grating are determined ellipsometrically. The ratio ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{m}$ of the far-field complex reflection coefficients for the $p$ and $s$ polarizations for any order $m$ is measured. This information is complementary to the data available from the partition of the scattered energy over the radiating orders. By examining the polarization of the specularly reflected zeroth-order beam at large angles of incidence the optical effect of surface roughness is established. The roughened surface layer is shown to be equivalent to a film whose index of refraction is the average of the indices of the material of the surface and the immersion medium, in accordance with the Maxwell Garnett theory. The film thickness is a measure of the surface roughness. To explain the ellipsometric results on the various orders we derived an expression for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{m}$ starting from the Stratton-Silver-Chu integral using the physical-optics approximation. There is agreement between the gross features of the theory and experiment, but the exact magnitudes could not be compared. This points to the need for an exact solution of the grating-diffraction problem for both polarizations, including the effect of a finite conductivity at optical frequencies.
Molecular breast imaging-A phantom study on the impact of collimator selection on the detection of sub-10 mm breast lesions

Molecular breast imaging (MBI) with a dedicated breast gamma camera system can detect small breast lesions with a sensitivity of >85%. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal collimation for tumor detection based on count densities obtained from clinical MBI studies. Seven collimators were evaluated using a cadmium zinc telluride detector designed for breast imaging. These included LEUHR, LEHR, LEGP, LEHS, and LEUHS collimators and two system-specific collimators-a long bore (LB) and general-purpose (GP) collimator with square holes matched to the detector elements. Collimators were evaluated using a breast phantom comprising a 20 x 20 x 20cm plastic box containing 16 glass "tumors" with internal diameters ranging from 4-10 mm. Breast thickness was set to 6 cm and tumor depth was varied from 1-5 cm. The phantom and spheres were filled with water and Tc-99m to give a tumor to background (T/B) ratio varying from 3:1 to 35:1. Total counts acquired in each image simulated the range of count densities observed clinically. Counts acquired were adjusted to compensate for differences in collimator sensitivity. Tumor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured through ROI analysis. Images acquired at clinical count densities contained significant amounts of noise, especially at T/B ratios of 10:1 or less. Highest tumor SNR was obtained with the LEHS collimator for the 6, 8, and 9 mm tumors at depths of 1 and 3 cm. At a tumor depth of 5 cm, the highest SNR was obtained with either the matched GP or LEHS collimators for the 6-9 mm tumors. Low SNR was obtained with all collimators for the 4 mm tumors at 1 and 3 cm and no 4 mm tumors were visible at a depth of 5 cm. High sensitivity collimators may be better than high-resolution collimators for detecting tumors < 1 cm in low count images of the breast, especially for tumors located within 1-4 cm of the collimator face, but proper collimator design to eliminate aliasing artifacts is important for pixilated systems.