cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of fence-line or drylot weaning on the health and performance of beef calves during weaning, receiving, and finishing1

ABSTRACT Angus × Hereford beef heifers and steers (n = 460; initial BW = 225 ± 35 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 ranch-of-origin weaning methods 28 d in duration: drylot weaning + dam separation (D), pasture weaning + fence-line contact with dams (PF), and pasture weaning + fence-line contact with dams + supplemental feed delivered in a bunk (PF+S). Calves assigned to D were fed a diet formulated to promote an ADG of 1 kg at a DMI of 2.5% of BW (17.7% CP and 0.93 Mcal of NE g /kg). The PF calves had access to native forage, and PF+S calves had access to native forage and received the diet fed to D at a rate of 1% of BW 3× weekly. After the 28-d weaning period, calves were transported 4 h to a feedlot, penned according to treatment (n = 6 pens per treatment), and fed a receiving diet (14.9% CP and 0.93 Mcal of NE g /kg) ad libitum for 60 d before transition to a finishing diet. During the first 6 d of receiving, the proportion of calves in each pen that approached the bunk and ate immediately following feed delivery at 0700 h was recorded by 2 trained observers. Weaning-phase ADG was greater ( P P = 0.08) in D than in PF or PF+S. Receiving ADG of D was greater ( P = 0.01) than of PF and PF+S. Fewer PF calves were observed at the bunk during the first 5 d of receiving (treatment × day; P P = 0.64) among treatments on d 6. Consequently, receiving DMI and G:F were greater ( P ≤ 0.01) for D than for PF calves. Steers assigned to D were heavier ( P P P ≤ 0.14) in days on feed or finishing period DMI; therefore, finishing G:F was greater ( P P ≥ 0.36) among treatments. Under the conditions of the current experiment, acclimating pasture-weaned calves to feed bunks during preconditioning had no effects on feedlot health and performance.
Electron Transfer from Single Semiconductor Nanocrystals to Individual Acceptor Molecules

This Letter reports the measurement of photoinduced electron-transfer rates from individual CdSe/CdS nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), to methyl viologen acceptor molecules adsorbed on the QD surfaces, using time-resolved photoluminescence at the single-nanocrystal level. For each QD measured, the electron-transfer rate is constant over time, and the photoluminescence blinking dynamics are independent of the measured transfer rate. The total electron-transfer rate is distributed in discrete, constant increments, corresponding to discrete numbers of adsorbed molecules on each QD. The results thus validate previous assumptions that viologen molecules adsorb independently on QD surfaces and that the total electron-transfer rate from a single QD to multiple molecules on its surface is simply the sum of the transfer rates to the individual molecules. The measurement provides an optical method to count the number of active acceptor molecules bound to a single nanocrystal and opens up new possibilities for me...
Cuts and impressions: the aesthetic work of lingering in Latinidad

This article functions as both an introduction to the special issue and a larger contextualization of the intervention in relation the field of Latina/o Studies. The editors of the special issue argue that aesthetics affords the time and space within which to linger in the many questions, complexities, and problematics that crowd under the sign of latinidad. Through engagements with the contemporary political landscape, earlier articulations of the latinidad via Norma Alarcon, and the performative billboard instillations of Felix Gonzalez-Torres, the editors find spaces to pleasurably dwell in the many temporal and spatial vectors of latinidad.
Research on the Analysis Method of the Future Development of Smart Substation

The research on the future development of smart substation has important meanings for the construction of smart grid.On the basis of development mechanism analysis methodology of smart grid,starting from the analysis of intrinsic basic model of substation,combined with driving effects from the development of smart grid,a development mechanism model for substation is put forward.Furthermore by use of the mechanism model,the analysis methods for the development status,the future vision and the development trends of smart substation are designed.And as a preliminary application of the designed analysis methods,the future development of smart substation is prospected.
Cause Analysis of Ammonia Escape in SCR Flue Gas Denitrification Process for 600 MW Units

This paper pointed out that the basic reason of air preheater's corrosion and blocking in the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) flue gas denitrification process was ammonia escape.The influence of flow field distribution,automatic regulation for the ammonia spraying and flue gas analysis instruments on the ammonia escape were investigated,in order to suggest the method of reducing ammonia escape.The result shows that the grid nozzle for ammonia spraying should be improved.
Composite replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta

This report comprises 16 consecutive patients with ascending aortic aneurysms caused by cystic medical necrosis. We replaced the ascending aorta and aortic valve with a tightly woven Dacron graft containing a Lillehei-Kaster valve prosthesis and implanted the coronary ostia in the sides of the graft. All but two patients had massive aortic insufficiency. Postoperative catheterization was performed in 13 patients, and all surviving patients have been seen within the past 6 months. There was one perioperative death (6 percent) and two late deaths. Eleven survivors are in Class I and two are in Class II (N.Y.H.A.). Angiographically demonstrated late complications have included psuedoaneurysms of the coronary ostium (two), paravalvular leak (one), and pseudoaneurysm of the distal suture line (one). Two of these four patients were asymptomatic. Two of the four patients have had successful repair of these defects and a third is awaiting operation. Compositive replacement carries a low operative risk and minimizes problems of intraoperative bleeding. In view of the incidence of late suture line problems, routine angiography 6 to 12 months postoperatively is recommended. If new symptoms occur or if there is a change in the cardiac silhousette on chest roentgenogram, the patient should be recatheterized.
Clinical Decision Support: The Experience at Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Partners HealthCare

In this chapter, we review clinical decision support systems (CDSS) at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), including design, implementation, and evaluation. BWH has over 40 years active experience in the development of clinical information systems. Here we focus specifically on BWH’s work in assessing the impact of CDSS in critical areas of patient safety, quality, and cost outcomes, and offer generalizable lessons for current and future applications of CDSS. CDSS examined include both inpatient and outpatient systems, medication related, laboratory and radiology decision support as well as documentation-related CDSS, clinical reminders, and patient-centric applications. Also included are descriptions of studies on the impact on the user and cost-effectiveness of CDSS.
The Impact of Thermostable α-Glucosidase on the Production of Fermentable Sugars during Mashing

α-Glucosidase is one of the four carbohydrases present in malted barley that degrade starch. The thermostability of these carbohydrases is important because the industrial processes that convert starch to fermentable sugars typically take place at temperatures of 65-73°C. After exposures as short as 10 min to these temperatures, α-glucosidase has less than 5% of the activity it had at 30°C. We hypothesized that a more thermostable α-glucosidase could result in the increased production of fermentable sugars during mashing at high temperatures. To test this hypothesis, experimental mashes were supplemented with either nonmutated recombinant α-glucosidase (control) or recombinant α-glucosidase that had been mutated to have increased thermostability. The real degree of fermentation and the identity and quantity of maltodextrins produced were compared between these two mashes. The amounts of glucose, maltose, and maltotriose and the real degree of fermentation were significantly increased in the mashes containing thermostable α-glucosidase. Hence, we conclude that the presence of a thermostable α-glucosidase during mashing does increase the efficiency of the mashing process since more fermentable sugars are produced with no increase in the amount of raw materials added to the mash.
The Roberts Court Source-Code: Pinpointing the Justices' Opinion Construction Toolkits

The Supreme Court’s main output is the decision on the merits. Little is known, however, about how such decisions are constructed. This article is one of the first to look at the way Supreme Court opinions are constructed by examining the impact of the core linguistic resources at the Court’s disposal. It does so in a novel manner by measuring the Court's reliance on wording from parties' merits filings, amicus briefs, and from lower court opinions between the 2005 and 2014 Terms. To accomplish this goal, the article compares language in over 13,000 documents in the Court's docket during this period with their respective majority opinions. The article then looks at the relative impact of parties' briefs and filings, amicus curiae briefs, and lower court opinions on the Court's majority opinion language. This article provides both macro and micro level analyses by locating the relative effects of these linguistic resources on the Court's overall opinion language as well as by breaking these findings down by individual Justice. In the aggregate this article finds that of the three resources analyzed, the Court tends to use language from parties’ merits briefs most frequently, then wording from lower court’s opinions, and the least from amicus briefs, but that differences in case level factors shift the relative utility of each of these three resources.
Gatekeepers, Dermatologists, and Their Patients: Mixed Messages in Managed Care

This chapter examines the ethical challenges posed by the managed care gatekeeper system in dermatology focusing on three clinical case studies. Currently, some managed care plans use primary care physicians as gatekeepers to coordinate care and control health care costs, theoretically decreasing the utilization of unnecessary services. Dermatologists are disproportionately impacted by the gatekeeper system relative to other specialties because primary care physicians may feel comfortable managing many skin disorders or may view such problems as being less serious or non-life-threatening. Ultimately, an ethical approach to the managed care gatekeeper requires dermatologists to carefully balance their own interests, the interests of their patients, and the welfare of the health care system and society. This is especially important as healthcare payers begin to embrace accountable care organizations mandated in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010.
Contingent Institutions: The Reputational Impact of Investor-State Disputes

To what extent do alleged violations of international commitments damage state reputation? This paper explores this question with specific reference to investor-state disputes arising under the protection of international investment agreements. Existing theory assumes that institutionalization of international commitments raises the ex post costs of defection, including reputational damage, thereby creating strong incentives for state compliance. We modify this expectation by arguing that the reputational consequences of treaty violations are contingent on institutional rules and information flows. Drawing on a replication of prior research linking investor-state disputes with reduced FDI as well as an original analysis of their impact on investment reputation, we show that the impact of investor-state disputes has been relatively marginal over the 1987-2011 time period, with reputational effects only beginning to materialize in recent years. This temporal variation reflects changes in the rules governing the transparency of international arbitral tribunals as well as expanded media coverage of investment disputes. The central implication of these findings for the broader body of literature on international institutions is that reputational mechanisms for effective treaty enforcement cannot be taken as given but are heavily contingent on institutional design and associated information costs.
Joan Fontcuberta: post-photography and the spectral image of saturation

The age of post-photography can be understood as the age of the inorganic image: a composite of littered information – collected, ordered, layered, buried, stored and discarded. Joan Fontcuberta is...
Wiping Away the “Veneer of Democracy” to Expose the School-Level Effects of Arizona’s Language Policy

ABSTRACTDespite scant empirical support, Arizona’s restrictive language policy (Proposition 203, 2000) sustains as a result of the veneer of democracy (a political strategy that projects equitable inclinations while shielding inequitable ideologies). This article compares findings from an ethnographic study of one linguistically diverse Arizona high school with a critical analysis of the policy’s text to show how the policy’s veneer of democracy includes discourses of morality, opportunity, and rationality. These discourses conflict with and subjugate the microlevel realities of schools. The illustration of this tension implies a need to reexamine democracy in education from political and school levels.
"Public entrepreneurship, competitive governance and polycentricity. The Ostrom perspective"

Vincent and Elinor Ostrom were pioneers in the study of public entrepreneurship. It is quite surprising that, so far, the relatively recent wave of interest in social and public entrepreneurship ha...
Low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke May Be Predictive of Poor Functional Outcome (P03.199)

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is associated with worse functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). BACKGROUND: A low LVEF may exacerbate already underperfused cerebral vessels during AIS and therefore result in poor outcome after AIS. DESIGN/METHODS: Consecutive patients with AIS were retrospectively identified from a prospective registry at a single center between 07/08-12/10. Only patients with known LVEF were included and grouped according to LVEF ("severely low" 50%). Baseline demographics, inpatient complications, and early outcomes were compared based on LVEF. The primary outcome measure was good functional outcome (discharge modified Rankin Scale=0-2). Pearson chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare groups. RESULTS: Of 590 patients screened, 517 were included (mean age 65, 74% black, 48% female). Baseline factors associated with low LVEF included male gender (p CONCLUSIONS: AIS patients with low LVEF have more complications and less often achieve good functional outcome. This association appears related to known predictors of poor functional outcome and is not significant once adjusting for these parameters. Disclosure: Dr. Mathias has nothing to disclose. Dr. Albright has received research support from The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institutes of Health. Dr. Beasley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Siegler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boehme has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martin-Schild has nothing to disclose.
BILINEAR APPROXIMATION AND HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF ANALYTIC CONTROL/ANALYTIC STATE SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents bilinear approximation and harmonic analysis of analytic control/analytic state systems. Interest in bilinear approximation is motivated by many revealing applications such as in modeling populations, economies, transmitter-mediated photoreceptive neurons, and membrane systems. Bilinear systems can be used to approximate general linear control/analytic state systems. Analogously to the approximation of differential equations by linearizations, there are conditions under which the approximation with linear and bilinear terms of an analytic control/analytic state system will be arbitrarily close in a sufficiently small neighborhood of a point in time, unless the system has certain kinds of critical behavior at that point. The chapter presents a few estimates of error in approximating analytic control/analytic state systems, utilizing both time-domain and frequency-domain methods. It presents a theorem that provides bounds on the error in response of a bilinearized model to certain classes of aperiodic or transient stimuli.
Trends in Human Papillomavirus-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Incidence, Vermont 1999–2013

This study examines trends in age-adjusted incidence rates of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in comparison to oral cavity proper squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the population of Vermont from 1999 to 2013. Data on cases of oral and pharynx cancers diagnosed in Vermont between 1999 and 2013 were obtained from the Vermont cancer registry. The age-adjusted incidence rates and annual percentage change of HPV-related OPSCC and OSCC were calculated using Joinpoint trend analysis. Four hundred and thirty-one cases of HPV-related OPSCC were diagnosed from 1999 to 2013. Males constituted 83% (P < 0.0001) of the cases and the 6th decade of life marked the highest incidence. The overall age-adjusted incidence rates for HPV-related OPSCC significantly increased (from 2.39 to 3.86 per 100,000, P < 0.0001). In males, it significantly increased (from 3.62 to 6.93 per 100,000, P < 0.0001), while in females it remained stable (from 1.18 to 1.02 per 100,000, P = 0.28) during 1999-2013. The average rate of HPV-related OPSCC significantly increased by 4.4% annually (P = 0.004). In males the average rate significantly increased by 5.3% annually (P = 0.001) and in females the rate increased by 0.37% annually (P = 0.87). In contrast, age-adjusted overall incidence rates for OSCC significantly decreased (from 3.99 to 3.35 per 100,000, P = 0.018). The overall rate of OSCC decreased by 0.96% annually (P = 0.37) and the highest incidence of cases was in the 7th decade of life. In conclusion, there was an increasing trend of HPV-related OPSCC, specifically in males, and there appears to be a decreasing trend of OSCC in Vermont.
Futurist Women: Florence, Feminism and the New Sciences

During the centenary of Futurism in 2009, women’s role in Futurism became a prominent issue and several anthologies, articles and some books were published on futurist women. These publications foc...
Strategic Communication in U.S. Higher Education: Testing Congruity Effects of University Identity and Image Among Parents of Prospective Students

Although higher education institutions (HEIs) are in a quest to win the “reputation race” in the hopes of luring prospective students, debate exists about how much strategic effort and internal org...
Spatiotemporal Mode-Locking

We describe, through multiple theoretical and experimental realizations, spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML), the most general form of self-organization in optical oscillators. We discuss qualitatively new kinds of mode-locking, and routes to ultrahigh power, compact lasers.
Inhibitory modulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity with specific near-infrared light wavelengths attenuates brain ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The interaction of light with biological tissue has been successfully utilized for multiple therapeutic purposes. Previous studies have suggested that near infrared light (NIR) enhances the activity of mitochondria by increasing cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, which we confirmed for 810 nm NIR. In contrast, scanning the NIR spectrum between 700 nm and 1000 nm revealed two NIR wavelengths (750 nm and 950 nm) that reduced the activity of isolated COX. COX-inhibitory wavelengths reduced mitochondrial respiration, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), attenuated mitochondrial superoxide production, and attenuated neuronal death following oxygen glucose deprivation, whereas NIR that activates COX provided no benefit. We evaluated COX-inhibitory NIR as a potential therapy for cerebral reperfusion injury using a rat model of global brain ischemia. Untreated animals demonstrated an 86% loss of neurons in the CA1 hippocampus post-reperfusion whereas inhibitory NIR groups were robustly protected, with neuronal loss ranging from 11% to 35%. Moreover, neurologic function, assessed by radial arm maze performance, was preserved at control levels in rats treated with a combination of both COX-inhibitory NIR wavelengths. Taken together, our data suggest that COX-inhibitory NIR may be a viable non-pharmacologic and noninvasive therapy for the treatment of cerebral reperfusion injury.
Challenges in Finding Metaphorical Connections

Poetry is known for its novel expression using figurative language. We introduce a writing task that contains the essential challenges of generating meaningful figurative language and can be evaluated. We investigate how to find metaphorical connections between abstract themes and concrete domains by asking people to write four-line poems on a given metaphor, such as “death is a rose” or “anger is wood”. We find that only 21% of poems successfully make a metaphorical connection. We present five alternate ways people respond to the prompt and release our dataset of 100 categorized poems. We suggest opportunities for computational approaches.
Tribological considerations in internal combustion engines

Abstract: This chapter presents a practitioner’s view of engine tribology in an internal combustion engine. The tribological performance of an engine in large measure still relies on simplified models, empirical knowledge, experience and the results of rig and engine testing. Advances in the mathematical treatment of component tribology, although not yet sufficiently advanced to predict some of the tribological phenomena, nevertheless provide useful guidance for optimisation of tribological performance.
Brain energy metabolism in streptozotocin-diabetes

Regional brain glucose use was measured in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (65 mg/kg intravenously) of 1 or 4 weeks duration, by using [6-14C]glucose and quantitative autoradiography. The concentrations of several metabolites were measured in plasma and brain. Results were compared with those from normal untreated rats. Glucose concentrations were increased in both plasma and brain, to similar degrees in both diabetic groups. Plasma ketone-body concentrations were 0.25, 1.0, and 3.15 mumol/ml in the control, 1-week and 4-week groups respectively (sum of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate). Glucose use was increased throughout the brain (differences were statistically significant in 55 of 59 brain areas) after 1 week of diabetes, with an increase of 25% for the brain as a whole. In contrast, normal rates were found throughout the brain after 4 weeks of diabetes. None of the brain areas was affected significantly differently from the others, in either diabetic group. There was no significant loss of 14C as lactate or pyruvate during the experimental period, nor was there any indication of net production of lactate in any of the groups. Other methodological considerations that could have affected the results obtained in the diabetic rats were likewise ruled out. Because the ketone bodies are expected to supplement glucose as a metabolic fuel for the brain, our results indicate that brain energy consumption is increased during streptozotocin-diabetes.
Antifungal Leaf-Surface Metabolites Correlate with Fungal Abundance in Sagebrush Populations

A central component in understanding plant–enemy interactions is to determine whether plant enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, mediate the evolution of plant secondary metabolites. Using 26 populations of a broadly distributed plant species, sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), we examined whether sagebrush populations in habitats with a greater prevalence of fungi contained antifungal secondary metabolites on leaf surfaces that were more active and diverse than sagebrush populations in habitats less favorable to fungi. Because moisture and temperature play a key role in the epidemiology of most plant–pathogen interactions, we also examined the relationship between the antifungal activity of secondary metabolites and the climate of a site. We evaluated the antifungal activity of sagebrush secondary metabolites against two fungi, a wild Penicillium sp. and a laboratory yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using a filter-paper disk assay and bioautography. Comparing the 26 sagebrush populations, we found that fungal abundance was a good predictor of both the activity (r2 = 0.36 for Saccharomyces, r2 = 0.37 for Penicillium) and number (r2 = 0.34 for Saccharomyces) of antifungal secondary metabolites. This suggests that selection imposed by fungal pathogens has led to more effective antifungal secondary metabolites. We found that the antifungal activity of sagebrush secondary metabolites was negatively related to average vapor pressure deficit of the habitat (r2 = 0.60 for Saccharomyces, r2 = 0.61 for Penicillium). Differences in antifungal activity among populations were not due to the amount of secondary metabolites, but rather to qualitative differences in the composition of antifungal compounds. Although all populations in habitats with high fungal prevalence had secondary metabolites with high antifungal activity, different suites of compounds were responsible for this activity, suggesting independent outcomes of selection on plants by fungal pathogens. The location of antifungal secondary metabolites on the leaf surface is consistent with their putative defense role, and we found no evidence supporting other functions, such as protection from ultraviolet light or oxidation. That the antifungal activity of sagebrush secondary metabolites was similar for two different fungi provides support for broad antifungal defenses. The incidence and severity of fungal disease in the field (caused by Puccinia tanaceti) were similar in moist and dry habitats, possibly reflecting an equilibrium between plant defense and fungal attack, as sites with greater fungal abundance compensated with more effective secondary metabolites. The geographic correlation between fungal abundance and antifungal secondary metabolites of sagebrush, coupled with our other data showing heritable variation in these metabolites, suggests that pathogenic fungi have selected for antifungal secondary metabolites in sagebrush.
Experimental Apparatus and Results

Laser oscillators, barely discovered a decade ago [1, 2] (*), can now be modulated by the use of Kerr or Pockels cells [3, 4] to yield stroboscopic light pulses of only several nanoseconds in half-width at a frequency of an order of a megacycle per second [5]. Such a light source can be used in conjunction with a rotating-mirror camera combined with schlieren optics [6, 7], a method that utilizes the fact that light is refracted by density gradients [8, 9], to obtain cinematographic records of explosion phenomena. The salient features of the apparatus are discribed in Fig. 1.1. The plane polarized light rays from the laser are expanded by a condenser lens and converted into an approximately 50 cm diameter beam of parallel light by means of the first schlieren lens or mirror. When the light beam passes through the test section, it is refracted by the density gradients associated with the gasdynamic flow field.
Corticotrophins, Corticosteroids, and Prostaglandins

Abstract Systemic glucocorticoids are used for many conditions, including various auto-immune conditions, cancers, and pulmonary diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) has been studied for the treatment of infantile spasms (West Syndrome). A variety of literature have surrounded iloprost use, both inhaled and intravenously. Iloprost utilization has ranged from the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and systemic sclerosis. Prostaglandins as a general class have continued to be studied for the management of pulmonary hypertension with associated secondary diseases. The adverse effects of each drug class reported in 2017 are summarized below.
Endothelial Cell Biology and the Enigma of Transcytosis Through the Blood-Brain Barrier

The mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB) to non-lipid soluble macromolecules is associated morphologically with two basic cell types: the cerebral, non-fenestrated endothelium and perivascular phagocytes; the latter is represented by macrophages, microglia and pericytes surrounded by a basal lamina and located on the abluminal surfaces of cerebral arterioles, venules, and less so capillaries (1). Characteristics of the cerebral endothelium serving to define the BBB include circumferential belts of interendothelial tight junctional complexes that preclude the bidirectional, extracellular movement of macromolecules between blood and brain, and acid hydrolase-containing secondary lysosomes (4). The perivascular phagocytes also contain populations of secondary lysosomes and represent the first line of defense once the BBB is breached normally, experimentally, or pathologically (1, 10). In vitro and in vivo data implicate a third cell type, the astrocyte, in influencing the formation of interendothelial tight junctions; however, astrocytes arid their perivascular endfeet are not a physical or morphologically defined-barrier to the extracellular movement of macromolecules between the endothelium and brain parenchyma.
Theory of the Tertiary Instability and the Dimits Shift from Reduced Drift-Wave Models

Tertiary modes in electrostatic drift-wave turbulence are localized near extrema of the zonal velocity U(x) with respect to the radial coordinate x. We argue that these modes can be described as quantum harmonic oscillators with complex frequencies, so their spectrum can be readily calculated. The corresponding growth rate γ_{TI} is derived within the modified Hasegawa-Wakatani model. We show that γ_{TI} equals the primary-instability growth rate plus a term that depends on the local U^{''}; hence, the instability threshold is shifted compared to that in homogeneous turbulence. This provides a generic explanation of the well-known yet elusive Dimits shift, which we find explicitly in the Terry-Horton limit. Linearly unstable tertiary modes either saturate due to the evolution of the zonal density or generate radially propagating structures when the shear |U^{'}| is sufficiently weakened by viscosity. The Dimits regime ends when such structures are generated continuously.
Magnesium and Hemorrhage Volume in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that admission serum magnesium levels are associated with extent of hemorrhage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. DESIGN Single-center prospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary hospital neurologic ICU. PATIENTS Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. INTERVENTIONS Clinically indicated CT scans and serum laboratory studies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data were analyzed. Extent of initial hemorrhage was graded semi-quantitatively on admission CT scans using the modified Fisher scale (grades: 0, no radiographic hemorrhage; 1, thin [< 1 mm in depth] subarachnoid hemorrhage; 2, thin subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage; 3, thick [≥ 1 mm] subarachnoid hemorrhage; 4, thick subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage). We used both ordinal (modified Fisher scale) and dichotomized (thick vs thin subarachnoid hemorrhage) univariate and adjusted logistic regression models to assess associations between serum magnesium and radiographic subarachnoid hemorrhage severity. Data from 354 patients (mean age 55 ± 14 yr, 28.5% male, median admission Glasgow Coma Scale 14 [10-15]) were analyzed. Mean magnesium was lower in patients with thick versus thin subarachnoid hemorrhage (1.92 vs 1.99 mg/dL; p = 0.022). A monotonic trend across categories of modified Fisher scale was found using analysis of variance and Spearman rank correlation (p = 0.015 and p = 0.008, respectively). In adjusted ordinal and binary regression models, lower magnesium levels were associated with higher modified Fisher scale (odds ratio 0.33 per 1 mg/dL increase; 95% CI, 0.14-0.77; p = 0.011) and with thick subarachnoid hemorrhage (odds ratio 0.29 per 1 mg/dL increase; 95% CI, 0.10-0.78; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that magnesium influences hemorrhage severity in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, potentially through a hemostatic mechanism.
Short-Wavelength (Violet) Light Protects Mice From Myopia Through Cone Signaling.

Purpose Exposure to short-wavelength light influences refractive development and inhibits myopic development in many animal models. Retinal mechanisms underlying this response remain unknown. This study used a mouse model of lens-induced myopia to evaluate the effect of different wavelength light on refractive development and dopamine levels in the retina. A possible retinal pathway is tested using a mutant mouse with dysfunctional cones. Methods Wild-type C57BL/6J (WT) and ALS/LtJ/Gnat2cpfl3 (Gnat2-/-) mice were exposed to one of three different light conditions beginning at postnatal day 28: broad-spectrum "white" (420-680 nm), medium wavelength "green" (525 ± 40 nm), and short wavelength "violet" (400 ± 20 nm). One-half of the mice received hyperopic lens defocus. All mice were exposed to the light for 4 weeks; animals were measured weekly for refractive error and axial parameters. Retinal dopamine and the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were measured by HPLC. Results In WT mice, short-wavelength violet light induced hyperopia and violet light inhibited lens-induced myopia when compared with mice exposed to white light. Hyperopia could be attributed to shallower vitreous chambers in WT animals. There were no changes in the levels of dopamine or its metabolite. In Gnat2-/- mice, violet light did not induce hyperopia or inhibit lens-induced myopia. Conclusions These findings show that short-wavelength light slows refractive eye growth, producing hyperopic responses in mice and inhibiting lens-induced myopia. The lack of inhibition in mice with dysfunctional cones suggests that cone signaling plays a role in the hyperopic response to short-wavelength (violet) light.
Brain neuroprotective effect of magnesium sulfate injection in children with severe EV71-infected hand-foot-mouth disease

目的 探讨硫酸镁注射液对肠道病毒71型(EV71)感染重症手足口病(HFMD)患儿是否有神经保护作用。 方法 收集2015年3月至2018年3月于郑州儿童医院收治的伴中枢神经系统受累症状的120例EV71型病毒抗体IgM阳性重症HFMD患儿，随机分成硫酸镁注射液治疗组(n＝60)和对照组(n＝60)。比较两组患儿治疗前后的内皮素、S100β蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及振幅整合脑电图(aEEG)的变化。采用SPSS 16.0软件对数据进行分析。 结果 治疗后，硫酸镁组患者痊愈率显著高于对照组(χ2＝5.000，P 0.05)；治疗后，硫酸镁组的内皮素浓度、NSE及S100β蛋白浓度均低于对照组(t＝7.528、2.285和10.801，P值均 0.05)；治疗后，硫酸镁组较对照组MDA浓度降低(t＝23.524，P<0.01)，SOD浓度升高(t＝－20.868，P<0.01)。两组患儿异常脑电活动均较治疗前有所改善，硫酸镁组aEEG恢复正常率高于对照组(χ2＝4.414，P<0.05)。重症HFMD患儿的SOD浓度与S100β蛋白、NSE、内皮素呈负相关(r＝－0.766、－0.791和－0.704，P<0.05)。MDA浓度与内皮素呈正相关(r＝0.873，P<0.05)；S100β蛋白与NSE呈正相关(r＝0.704，P<0.05)。 结论 硫酸镁注射液对EV71型病毒感染后伴神经系统受累症状的重症HFMD患儿有较好的脑神经保护作用，可能与清除氧自由基有关。
Sanctuaries, “Special Needs,” and Service: Religious Leader Perceptions on Including Children with Disability

Religion can play an important role in the life of a family of a child with a disability, but children with disabilities and their family members often reported they did not feel supported in relig...
The impact of late-career job loss and genetic risk on body mass index: Evidence from variance polygenic scores.

Unemployment shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic have reignited concerns over the long-term effects of job loss on population health. Past research has highlighted the corrosive effects of unemployment on health and health behaviors. This study examines whether the effects of job loss on changes in body mass index (BMI) are moderated by genetic predisposition using data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS). To improve detection of gene-by-environment (G × E) interplay, we interacted layoffs from business closures-a plausibly exogenous environmental exposure-with whole-genome polygenic scores (PGSs) that capture genetic contributions to both the population mean (mPGS) and variance (vPGS) of BMI. Results show evidence of genetic moderation using a vPGS (as opposed to an mPGS) and indicate genome-wide summary measures of phenotypic plasticity may further our understanding of how environmental stimuli modify the distribution of complex traits in a population.
The Imagined Audience for News: Where Does a Journalist’s Perception of the Audience Come From?

In public communication, in the absence of a clear sense of one’s actual audience, a communicator relies on a mental image of an imagined audience. But where does one’s image of the audience come f...
Gene-disease-drug link prediction using tripartite graphs

The development of new ethical drugs is expensive in terms of both time and resources. A single drug can take up to a decade to bring to market, with costs soaring to over a billion dollars [1]. Drug repositioning has thus become an attractive alternative to the development of new compounds, with growing interest in the use of in silico repositioning predictions. Bipartite graphs and efficient biclique enumeration algorithms [2] can be used to study protein-drug or other crucial interactions. Extensions of this approach to larger dimensions has been hobbled, however, by a lack of effective analytics. In the present work, we take advantage of highly innovative and efficient tripartite graph algorithms [3]. We employ one partite set for genes, proteins or other gene products, another partite set for diseases, and a third partite set for drugs of interest, with inter-partite edges denoting known or inferred interactions. As a proof of principle, we constructed a tripartite interaction graph containing 1999 proteins, 5522 diseases, and 1359 drugs. Data for this graph was taken from three previously-studied bipartite interaction graphs found in the Stanford Biomedical Network Dataset Collection [4]. With the aid of the aforementioned novel algorithms, we were able to extract 173 maximal tricliques from this graph, with each triclique containing at least five vertices in every partite set. Proteins within these tricliques tended to share known biological function, diseases tended to affect the same organs and tissues, and drugs tended to share fingerprint similarity. Prediction requires edge imputation, of course, and so we then applied to this graph extensions of the well-known paraclique algorithm [5]. The aim of this technique is to find dense subgraphs amidst real and noisy biological data. In particular, paraclique is able to pinpoint edges that may be missing, which is exactly what we seek here. Using this approach, we found 115 putative protein-disease interactions, 144 putative protein-drug interactions, and 3,120 putative disease-drug interactions. We then used Autodock Vina for the putative protein-drug interactions to simulate molecular docking and compute binding scores as in [6]. We found these scores to be statistically lower than those computed over all missing protein-drug edges using a t-test with a p-value threshold of 0.05, which demonstrates an increased likelihood of real interactions. In future work, we will compare and determine the feasibility of incorporating this methodology with alternate tools such as machine learning and graph neural networks.
Radio Loud vs. Radio Quiet Gamma-ray Bursts: the Role of Binary Progenitors

We explore the possibility that radio loud gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) result from the collapse of a massive star in an interacting binary system, while radio quiet GRBs are produced by the collapse of a single massive star. A binary collapsar system can have the necessary angular momentum and energy budget to explain the longer prompt gamma-ray durations and higher isotropic energies seen in the the radio loud sub-sample of long GRBs. Additionally, tidal interactions between the stars in binary systems can lead to rich and extended circumstellar environments that allow for the presence of the long-lived radio afterglows seen in the radio loud systems. Finally, the relative fraction of stars in binary systems versus single star systems appears consistent with the fraction of radio loud versus radio quiet GRBs.
Nonlinear Least Absolute Value Estimator for Topology Error Detection and Robust State Estimation

Topology error, a modeling misrepresentation of the power system network configuration, can undermine the quality of state estimation. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for robust power system state estimation (PSSE) modeled by AC power flow equations when there exists a small number of topological errors. The developed technique utilizes the availability of a large number of SCADA measurements and minimizes the $\ell _{1}$ norm of nonconvex residuals augmented by a nonlinear, but convex, regularizer. Representing the power network by a graph, we first study the properties of the solution obtained from the proposed NLAV estimator and demonstrate that, under mild conditions, this solution identifies a small subgraph of the network that contains the topological errors in the model used for the state estimation problem. Then, we introduce a method that can efficiently detect the topological errors by searching over the identified subgraph. In addition, we develop a theoretical upper bound on the state estimation error to guarantee the accuracy of the proposed state estimation technique. The efficacy of the developed framework is demonstrated through numerical simulations on IEEE benchmark systems.
Kinetic Analysis of Synthesis and Secretion of Plasma Proteins in a Marine Teleost

Abstract The time dependence of appearance of radioactive protein in plasma of the toadfish, Opsanus tau, following rapid injection of 14C-labeled amino acids via the hepatic portal vein, has been studied at two temperatures in fish subjected to acute temperature change or to thermal acclimation. At 20° labeled protein appears in plasma after a lag of about 1 hour and accumulates exponentially with a half-time of 1.0 to 1.2 hours. Corresponding time constants at 10° are 6 hours and approximately 8 hours, however accumulation follows an S-shaped curve at this temperature. At the termination of the experiments plasma protein accounts for about 20% of total incorporation into protein by liver. Labeling patterns following intraperitoneal injection are slower and more complicated in shape. Turnover half-lives for 14C-labeled plasma proteins are 9 days for fish at 20° and about 16 days at 10°. Acclimation to cold (10°), a process of metabolic adjustment which causes about 50% elevation in protein synthetic rate in liver, produces only small changes in the time course and level of incorporation of amino acids into circulating plasma proteins. A kinetic model for the synthetic-secretory pathway in liver is proposed, involving three temperature-dependent processes: a migration phase which causes an absolute delay in secretion of labeled protein; a stage of collection or saturation of an intermediate compartment which produces a period of slow rise in the labeling curve; a rapid accumulation and plateau phase described by a set of reversible reactions for synthesis and discharge. Rate constants for the model are derived from the present data and previous results, which yield theoretical curves consistent with the observed kinetics, temperature dependency, and thermal acclimation effect.
Alpine: a user-level infrastructure for network protocol development

In traditional operating systems, modifying the network protocol code is a tedious and error-prone task, largely because the networking stack resides in the kernel. For this reason, among others, many have proposed moving the networking stack to user-level. Unfortunately, implementations of this design have never entered widespread use due to the impractical requirements they place on the user: either the kernel or applications must be modified; or code cannot be moved seamlessly between the user-level and kernel stacks. In this paper, we present Alpine, a user-level networking infrastructure free from these drawbacks. Alpine supports a FreeBSD networking stack on top of a Unix operating system. It is freely available as source code. In this paper, we discuss the challenges we faced in virtualizing the FreeBSD networking stack without compromising on kernel, networking stack, and application compatibility. We then show how Alpine is effective at easing the burden of debugging and testing protocol modifications or new network protocols. In our experience, Alpine can reduce the overhead of modifying a protocol from hours to minutes.
High speed LSI technologies challenging the CMOS VLSI era

The dominant VLSI technology for the next decade will be CMOS. Emerging technologies such as GaAs FETs, AlGaAs high electron mobility transistors, AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors and Si bipolar transistors are all attempting to demonstrate performance advantages and specialized applications for each technology . . . The panel will address the potential role of these niche technologies in a CMOS VLSI dominated era.
Optimization of power-amplifier load impedance and waveform bandwidth for real-time reconfigurable radar

To create a reconfigurable radar transmitter, the power amplifier circuitry and waveform must be able to adjust in real time to changing operating frequencies and spectral requirements. For range radars, better range resolution can be accomplished by using waveforms of higher bandwidth. In this case it is desirable to maximize the chirp waveform bandwidth while maintaining spectral compliance and meeting power-added efficiency requirements. Based on the concept of the Smith Tube (presented in a recent conference article), this article describes a new intelligent, vector-based search for the load impedance and waveform bandwidth. The search provides the largest possible bandwidth while maintaining the power-added efficiency and adjacent-channel power ratio within specified requirements. The algorithm is demonstrated in measurement with multiple starting impedances and bandwidth search ranges, and consistently accurate and useful results are obtained. Multiple iterations of the two-part search can be performed for increased precision if the time needed to take additional measurements can be tolerated.
User Interface Management Systems

The sections in this article are 1 Definitions 2 Importance of User-Interface Tools 3 Overview of User-Interface Software Tools 4 Windowing Systems 5 Toolkits 6 Virtual Toolkits 7 Higher-Level Tools 8 Technology Transfer 9 Evaluating User-Interface Tools 10 Research Issues 11 Conclusion 12 Acknowledgment
Robotic assisted radio-frequency ablation of liver tumors: randomized patient study

The minimally invasive treatment of liver tumors represents an alternative to the open surgery approach. Radio-frequency ablation destroys a tumor by delivering radio-frequency energy through a needle probe. Traditionally, the probe is placed manually using imaging feedback. New approaches use robotic devices to accurately place the instrument at the target. The authors developed an image-guided robotic system for percutaneous interventions using computed tomography. The paper presents a randomized patient study comparing the manual versus robotic needle placement for radio-frequency ablation procedures of liver tumors. The results of this study show that in our case robotic interventions were a very viable solution. Several treatment parameters such as radiation exposures and procedure-times were found to be significantly improved in the robotic case.