cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ON CIRCULATION, PHOSPHATE-PHOSPHORUS CONTENT, AND ZOOPLANKTON VOLUMES IN THE UPPER PART OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN1

The circulation of the Pacific Ocean may be considered to consist of two high-latitude cyclonic gyres, two subtropical anticyclonic gyres, and a series of subequatorial zonal flows in alternate directions. The phosphate-phosphorus at the surface is related to the surface divergence and is high in the cyclones, low in the anticyclones, and high in regions of coastal and equatorial upwelling. The PO4-P at 100 m is related to the depth of the pycnocline and is also high in the cyclones and low in the anticyclones, and high at the equator and at the poleward edges of the equatorial countercurrents. The zooplankton volume is distributed very much as is the PO4-P, particularly that at 100 m. It is also low in the anticyclones and high in the cyclones, at the equator and at the poleward edges of the equatorial countercurrents. At the center of the subarctic cyclone, however, zooplankton is only moderate, but PO4-P concentration is high both at the surface and at 100 m. It is suggested that the surface divergence is too rapid for zooplankton to accumulate in the center of the cyclone, even though reproduction and growth may be prolific. In the California Current zooplankton volume appears to vary inversely with temperature, and an area of minimum volume and maximum temperature is found near the tip of Baja California. It is speculated that this indicates a change from subarctic to subequatorial species. This, and the close relation of the plankton volume to the system of gyres, suggests that the gyres may represent the principal plankton communities.
Use of Immunochemical Techniques for the Analysis of Pesticides

Immunochemical assays for small molecules such as pesticides are rapidly gaining acceptance among analytical chemists. These techniques are rapid, sensitive, cost effective and can easily cope with large sample loads. This review lists the advantages and disadvantages of the technique and describes the steps in assay development using examples from this laboratory, particularly the thiocarbamate herbicide molinate and the triazine herbicides. The focus is primarily on hapten synthesis strategies, assay format considerations, sample preparation and assay validation.
Setting the record straight on measuring diagnostic errors. Reply to: 'Bad assumptions on primary care diagnostic errors’ by Dr Richard Young

Upon reading Dr Young's letter,1 we felt we should have prefaced our article by quoting Box and Draper who wrote in their classic 1987 book,2 ‘all models are wrong, but some are useful’. Our goal in developing a new model for safer diagnosis in healthcare was to illustrate the myriad, complex, socio-technical issues and their interactions within a complex adaptive healthcare system that must be considered when attempting to define and measure errors in the diagnostic process.3 While the comments by Dr Young provide one clinician's view of the complexity and breadth of diagnostic error, we welcome an opportunity to respond to clarify the premise of the Safer Dx framework. Dr Young is concerned that we presented the problem of diagnostic error as black and white rather than considering day-to-day realities of patient care that includes vast uncertainties in data collection, interpretation and synthesis. He further asserts that the concept of delayed diagnosis in primary care needs to be severely curtailed and that except for straightforward cases of blatant negligence we should not even use the language of delayed or missed diagnoses. Lastly, he writes that physicians might be vilified for missed or delayed diagnosis even though they made appropriate and informed decisions including watchful waiting when the diagnosis was not yet clear. In our response below, we attempt to lay many of these concerns to rest and provide further information on diagnostic error reduction research. We believe the concepts that we clarify herein will reassure hardworking primary care clinicians on the frontlines that the major goal of our framework is to promote the understanding and reduction of preventable diagnostic harm to our patients and not assign blame. Moreover, the rationale for the framework and our response applies to all clinicians, not just those in primary care. …
Nonlinear discrete-time systems: constrained optimization and application of nonquadratic costs

In this paper, the constrained optimization problem is solved for nonlinear discrete-time systems. The Hamilton-Jacobi theory is applied to design a new class of bounded controllers, and an innovative nonquadratic performance index is minimized. These innovations extend the optimization theory. In particular, the reported framework ensures straightforward analytical and numerical results, and the presented concept significantly reduces the computational conservatism of the conventional methods. It is shown that for open-loop unstable systems, the constrained optimization problem is solvable if the sufficient conditions are satisfied. This leads to the application of the admissibility framework, and the maximal positively invariant admissible set of stability is found by applying the Lyapunov stability criteria. The results are verified and illustrated by solving the motion control problem for a high-performance aircraft.
Geophysical Surveys over Karst Recharge Features, Illinois, USA

Karst aquifers supply a significant fraction of the world's drinking water. These types of aquifers are also highly susceptible to pollution from the surface with recharge usually occurring through fractures and solution openings at the bedrock surface. Thickness of the protective soil cover, macropores and openings within the soil cover, and the nature of the weathered bedrock surface all influence infiltration. Recharge openings at the bedrock surface, however, are often covered by unconsolidated sediments, resulting in the inadvertent placement of landfills, unregulated dump sites, tailing piles, waste lagoons and septic systems over recharge zones. In these settings surface geophysical surveys, calibrated by a few soil cores, could be employed to identify these recharge openings, and qualitatively assess the protection afforded by the soil cover. In a test of this hypothesis, geophysical measurements accurately predicted the thickness of unconsolidated deposits overlying karstic dolomite at a site about 100 km south of Chicago, Illinois. Zones of elevated electrical conductivity and high ground-penetrating radar (GPR) attenuation within the sediments coincided with subcropping solutionally-enlarged hydraulically active bedrock fractures. These fractures extend to over 12-m depth, as shown by 2-D inverted resistivity sections and soil coring. Anomalous electromagnetic (EM) conductivity and GPR response may be due to higher soil moisture above these enlarged fractures. An epikarstal conduit at 2.5-m depth was directly identified through a GPR survey. These results suggest that surface geophysical surveys are a viable tool for assessing the susceptibility of shallow karst aquifers to contamination.``
Putting competing orders in their place near the Mott transition

We describe the localization transition of superfluids on two-dimensional lattices into commensurate Mott insulators with average particle density p/q (p, q relatively prime integers) per lattice site. For bosons on the square lattice, we argue that the superfluid has at least q degenerate species of vortices which transform under a projective representation of the square lattice space group (a PSG). The formation of a single vortex condensate produces the Mott insulator, which is required by the PSG to have density wave order at wavelengths of q/n lattice sites (n integer) along the principle axes; such a second-order transition is forbidden in the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson framework. We also discuss the superfluid-insulator transition in the direct boson representation, and find that an interpretation of the quantum criticality in terms of deconfined fractionalized bosons is only permitted at special values of q for which a permutative representation of the PSG exists. We argue (and demonstrate in detail in a companion paper: L. Balents et al., cond-mat/0409470) that our results apply essentially unchanged to electronic systems with short-range pairing, with the PSG determined by the particle density of Cooper pairs. We also describe the effect of static impurities in the superfluid: the impurities locally break the degeneracy between the q vortex species, and this induces density wave order near each vortex. We suggest that such a theory offers an appealing rationale for the local density of states modulations observed by Hoffman et al. (cond-mat/0201348) in STM studies of the vortex lattice of BSCCO, and allows a unified description of the nucleation of density wave order in zero and finite magnetic fields. We note signatures of our theory that may be tested by future STM experiments.
Tandem Heterocyclization Activity of the Multidomain 230 kDa HMWP2 Subunit of Yersinia pestis Yersiniabactin Synthetase: Interaction of the 1-1382 and 1383-2035 Fragments †

The six-domain, 2035-amino acid subunit high-molecular weight protein 2 (HMWP2) activates salicylate and two cysteines and loads them covalently on its three carrier protein domains during assembly of the iron-chelating virulence factor, yersiniabactin of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis. The 1−1382 fragment of HMWP2 (ArCP−Cy1-A), overproduced in Escherichia coli, contains the first three domains: the aryl carrier protein (ArCP) domain, the cysteine specific adenylation domain (A), and the first condensation/cyclization domain (Cy1). The ArCP can be posttranslationally phosphopantetheinylated on Ser52 and then loaded with a salicyl group on the phosphopantetheine (Ppant) thiol by action of the YbtE, a salicyl-AMP ligase. The HMWP2 1−1382 fragment can activate l-cysteine as Cys-AMP. The HMWP2 1383−2035 fragment contains the remaining three domains: two peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP1 and PCP2) separated by a second condensation/cyclization domain (Cy2). Phosphopantetheinylation of the HMWP2 1383−2035...
Multiport Diffuser Mixing Tones

Mixing zones downstream from multiport diffusers discharging hot water in rivers are considered. The area enclosed in the isotherm defining the boundary of a single-port mixing zone is determined as a function of downstream distance from port, velocity ratio, and critical dilution ratio. The same variables are used to predict the discharge passing through the mixing zone isotherm. A procedure is presented wherein the semi-empirical single-port mixing zone relationships are used to predict the portion of river's discharge that is included in the mixing zone of a multiport diffuser. This procedure can be extended to estimate the river discharge below which environmental mixing zone limitations will be violated for specific multiport diffuser installations.
Mitochondrial regulation of calcium in the avian cochlear nucleus.

Mostafapour, Sam P., Edward A. Lachica, and Edwin W Rubel. Mitochondrial regulation of calcium in the avian choclear nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1928–1934, 1997. The role of mitochondria and the ...
Review Essay - The Consumption of History in the Legal Academy: Science and Synthesis, Perils and Prospects

History these days has become a major presence in the U.S. law school world. Marked growth of interest began in the late 1960s. It has continued ever since. But what is the relationship between history as taught and practiced in U.S. law schools and the scholarly history produced by professional historians? This essay addresses that relationship by asking whether or not legal “consumers” of history should be paying attention to four grand narratives of nineteenth century American history recently written by U.S. historians. Collectively these books allow one to evaluate the capacity of academic history to fashion a product of use to non-specialist consumers in disciplines such as law while remaining true to their own specialist knowledge base. Should the legal consumer be reading these new grand syntheses?
Geophysical applications of optical fiber sensors

A number of fiber optic sensors for geophysical applications have been developed over the past two decades at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. These include: a strain sensor to monitor ice flow in Antarctica, a strain sensor to track sediment creep on the ocean bottom, a borehole strain sensor to monitor fault movement during earthquakes, a pressure sensor to detect low frequency acoustic waves, and a seismometer. All of these sensors utilize one of two interrogation techniques. The first is a commercially made electronic distance meter which, by measuring the transit time of light pulses through the sensing fiber, can track changes in a 1000-m-long fiber with a precision of about 1 mm. The second technique is interferometry. For this purpose, a quadrature fringe resolver based on a digital signal processor has been developed. It combines wide dynamic range (centimeters) with high resolution (picometers). Continuous records spanning days to years have been obtained with these instruments.
Supporting Second Language Writing Using Multimodal Feedback

The educational use of computer-based feedback in the classroom is becoming widespread. However, less is known about (1) the extent to which tools influence how instructors provide written and oral comments, and (2) whether receiving oral or written feedback influences the nature of learners' revisions. This case study, which expands existing research on computer-mediated feedback, examines how four Spanish learners enrolled in a Spanish advanced writing course received multimodal feedback while working on the different drafts of a narrative essay. The instructor provided written feedback via Microsoft Word and oral feedback using screencast software. Results indicate that the tool used affected the quantity and quality of the instructor's comments. When using the screencast software, the instructor provided additional and lengthier comments on content, structure, and organization; the instructor was more explicit on form when using the coding system in Word. Although learners revised similarly regardless of the tool being used, they tended to prefer the oral feedback for global aspects, such as content, structure, and organization, and the written feedback for form. However, learners agreed that no matter the mode and the tool, both approaches to feedback helped them improve their writing skills.
Attractants for Japanese Beetles Tested in the Field

Of 19 attractants tested for attractiveness to the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, about 50% were superior to the standard bait, anethole-eugenol (9:1). Phenyl ethyl butyrate, caproic acid, a combination of both, or either in combination with eugenol, were outstanding. Generally, fermenting baits were inferior. Phenyl ethyl butyrate-eugenol (9:1) and technical geraniol-eugenol (9:1) were about twice as efficient as the standard. The standard attractant was diluted with Deobase® (deodorized kerosene) to ½ its concentration with no loss in attractancy.
Free Volume Relaxation in Polycarbonate as a Function of Physical Aging

Room temperature free volume relaxation of polycarbonate as a function of aging time at 393K has been evaluated via positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Free volume response data were normalized and modeled using an expression of the Williams-Watts form. The process of physical aging is discussed in terms of the trends associated with the resultant characteristic relaxation time constants and distribution of relaxation times.
MITRAL ANNULAR CALCIFICATION AND RISK OF STROKE IN SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS: A PROPENSITY SCORE ANALYSIS

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) & aortic valve sclerosis/stenosis (AS) are both known to be associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. The independent association of MAC with stroke in the presence of severe AS is largely unknown, which we wanted to explore in this study. We
Leaky Buffer: A Novel Abstraction for Relieving Memory Pressure from Cluster Data Processing Frameworks

The shift to the in-memory data processing paradigm has had a major influence on the development of cluster data processing frameworks. Numerous frameworks from the industry, open source community and academia are adopting the in-memory paradigm to achieve functionalities and performance breakthroughs. However, despite the advantages of these in-memory frameworks, in practice they are susceptible to memory-pressure related performance collapse and failures. The contributions of this paper are two-fold. First, we conduct a detailed diagnosis of the memory pressure problem and identify three preconditions for the performance collapse. These preconditions not only explain the problem but also shed light on the possible solution strategies. Second, we propose a novel programming abstraction called the leaky buffer that eliminates one of the preconditions, thereby addressing the underlying problem. We have implemented a leaky buffer enabled hashtable in Spark, and we believe it is also able to substitute the hashtable that performs similar hash aggregation operations in any other programs or data processing frameworks. Experiments on a range of memory intensive aggregation operations show that the leaky buffer abstraction can drastically reduce the occurrence of memory-related failures, improve performance by up to 507 percent and reduce memory usage by up to 87.5 percent.
Filled pore approximation: a theoretical framework for solute-solvent coupling in narrow water channels

A phenomenological model is presented of water and solute transport that is applicable to water pores with radii less than approximately 2 A. This includes such examples as gramicidin A, the proxim...
The therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Introduction and overview.

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas represent a diverse group of diseases that require an extensive knowledge base in order for physicians to utilize state-of-the-art therapies. This introduction outlines the current classification schemes and combination chemotherapy plans utilized for the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.
Design of a polynomial ring based symmetric homomorphic encryption scheme

Summary Security of data, especially in clouds, has become immensely essential for present-day applications. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a great way to secure data which is used and manipulated by untrusted applications or systems. In this paper, we propose a symmetric FHE scheme based on polynomial over ring of integers. This scheme is somewhat homomorphic due to accumulation of noise after few operations, which is made fully homomorphic using a refresh procedure. After certain amount of homomorphic computations, large ciphertexts are refreshed for proper decryption. The hardness of the scheme is based on the difficulty of factorizing large integers. Also, it requires polynomial addition which is computationally cost effective. Experimental results are shown to support our claim.
The Adolescent Origins of Substance Use Disorders: A Behavioral Genetic Perspective

Over the past 20 years, there has been an increasing recognition within the substance abuse research field that substance use disorders (SUDs) are usefully conceptualized within a developmental framework. That is, initiation of substance use in adolescence and escalation to substance abuse in early adulthood are strongly age-graded, with the relevant behavioral risk and protective factors manifesting early in development, often prior to substance use onset. In this chapter, we review a program of research that seeks to provide a behavioral genetic perspective on the development of SUDs. The Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR) undertakes longitudinal research on families including twins, adopted siblings, and non-adopted siblings spanning early adolescence through early adulthood. A total of nearly 10,000 individuals in 2,500 families have participated in MCTFR research. We review findings from the MCTFR to establish four general features of the development of SUDs informed by behavioral genetic research: (1) Both general and specific processes contribute to the aggregation of SUDs in families; (2) genetic contributions to SUD risk appear to be primarily at the general factor level, although the contribution of the general factor appears to decrease with age; (3) SUD risk is manifested before initiation of substance use in terms of elevated levels of externalizing psychopathology and personality characteristics indicative of low self-control; and (4) the genetic factors that contribute to SUD risk appear to be numerous with very small phenotypic effects, making them difficult to identify.
Third Poster Paper Discussion

Hanes: Welcome to the discussion of poster papers which fall under the somewhat fanciful title “Distant Globular Clusters”. You will have seen in your inspection of these that in fact they represent quite a mixed lot. We have in total just over twenty papers to discuss and time is short, so let us begin. Our first paper is that of Zinnecker et al. There is a demonstrable consistency of colors between the nuclei and the extra-nuclear parts of some of the nucleated dwarfs in the Virgo cluster. On this basis, the authors suggest that Colin Norman’s proposed mechanism of nucleus formation by mergers of clusters through dynamical friction may be credible. I have some small reservations about the results owing to the very difficult treatment for wavelength-dependent seeing in establishing nuclear colors. Comments and questions?
The Application of Response to Intervention to Young Children with Identified Disabilities

While response to intervention (RTI) has been a well-known approach for preventing learning difficulties in school-aged children for many years (e.g., Burns et al., J Psychoeduc Assess 23:381–394, 2005; Vaughn et al., Except Child 69:391–409, 2003), it has only recently begun gaining a foothold in programs for young children (e.g., Buysse and Peisner-Feinberg, Young Except Child 13(4):2–13, 2010; Greenwood et al., Focus Except Child 43(9):1–22, 2011). The use of RTI is a logical step for pre-kindergarten programs given the long recognition of the importance of early childhood programs as a means of preventing later academic and behavioral difficulties (Anderson et al., Am J Prev Med 24(3):32–46, 2003). For RTI approaches to be successfully integrated in pre-k programs, however, RTI as currently conceptualized for students in K-12 settings must be adapted to align with early childhood beliefs and practices (Barnett et al., J Educ Psychol Consult 17(1):31–54, 2007; Roadmap to pre-K: Applying response to invention in preschool settings, New York, 2009). Importantly, several existing early childhood practices are already a good fit with RTI (e.g., assessment of core curriculum program quality, the use of intentional teaching with embedded and explicit instruction, universal screening and progress monitoring measures to facilitate data-driven decision making, and the involvement of families as partners for the success of the child). Researchers and practitioners have been working to adapt RTI approaches to the programs, practices, and conceptual models of instruction within pre-k settings. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the current state of practice for RTI in early childhood and then specifically provide some information on how young children with special needs might be served in programs implementing RTI models.
Cervical Myelopathy Contrast Injection

This is a condition of cervical myelopathy developing after accidental injection contrast into the spinal cord.
Association of remote ischemic peri-conditioning with reduced incidence of clinical heart failure after primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Abstract Background Clinical heart failure (HF) occurs frequently after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and is associated with increased mortality. We assessed the impact of remote ischemic peri-conditioning (RIPC) during inter-facility air medical transport of STEMI patients on clinical HF following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods Data from Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry®-Get With the Guidelines™ (ACTION Registry-GWTG) from two PCI-hospitals that are utilizing RIPC during inter-facility helicopter transport of STEMI patients for pPCI between March, 2013 and September, 2015 were used for this study. The analyses were limited to inter-facility STEMI patients transported by helicopter with LVEF Results Out of the 150 STEMI patients in this analysis, 92 patients received RIPC and 58 did not. The RIPC and non-RIPC groups were generally similar in demographic and clinical characteristics except for lower incidence of cardiac arrest in the RIPC group (3/92 [3.3%] versus 13/58 [22.4%], p = 0.002). STEMI patients who received RIPC were less likely to have in-hospital clinical HF compared to patients who did not receive RIPC (3/92 [3.3%] versus 7/58 [12.1%]; adjusted OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05–0.92, p = 0.038) after adjusting for baseline differences. In subgroup analysis, RIPC was associated with lower BNP (123 [interquartile range, 17.0–310] versus 319 [interquartile range, 106–552], p = 0.029). Conclusion RIPC applied during inter-facility air transport of STEMI patients for pPCI is associated with reduced incidence of clinical HF and serum BNP.
Confronting Power and Environmental Injustice: Legacy Pollution and the Timber Industry in Southern Mississippi

ABSTRACTResearch has documented how grass-roots activists deploy the environmental justice frame to convey their grievances and demand their right to health and safety. While scholars have highlighted the widespread success of this frame, little attention has been paid to instances where the environmental justice frame fails to resonate. Drawing from social movements and environmental justice literatures, we examine how local discursive and cultural contexts can pose barriers to environmental justice claims. Our case is based on legacy pollution from a decommissioned creosote facility in Southern Mississippi. When black residents discovered the pollution in their neighborhood, they made repeated appeals to authorities for remediation and compensation. After being denied inclusion in a lawsuit filed by white residents, they formed an environmental justice organization to mobilize support for their campaign. Findings reveal the importance of both historical contextualization and the social situation of fram...
A religião do futuro

A segunda palestra, A Religiao do Futuro, examina o conteudo da religiao transformada, em seu registro secular. O tema central e a necessidade e o potencial para uma revolucao na nossa crenca religiosa. Dois obstaculos dificultam pensar sobre a religiao. O primeiro deles e o tabu contra a critica religiosa da religiao. As origens deste tabu encontram-se na privatizacao da religiao e no fim das guerras religiosas do inicio do periodo moderno. O segundo obstaculo a ser superado e a atitude sentimental em relacao a religiao. Na pratica, a atitude sentimental em relacao a religiao e util para uma democracia social institucionalmente conservadora. Ela serve para manter as aparencias: trata-se de um aprimoramento metafisico dos mesmos preconceitos morais frequentemente apoiados pelo humanismo secular predominante.
A lot about a little dot - lessons learned from Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 4.

The fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster has a number of unique properties that make it a convenient model for the study of chromatin structure. Only 4.2 Mb overall, the 1.2 Mb distal arm of chromosome 4 seen in polytene chromosomes combines characteristics of heterochromatin and euchromatin. This domain has a repeat density of ~35%, comparable to some pericentric chromosome regions, while maintaining a gene density similar to that of the other euchromatic chromosome arms. Studies of position-effect variegation have revealed that heterochromatic and euchromatic domains are interspersed on chromosome 4, and both cytological and biochemical studies have demonstrated that chromosome 4 is associated with heterochromatic marks, such as heterochromatin protein 1 and histone 3 lysine 9 methylation. Chromosome 4 is also marked by POF (painting-of-fourth), a chromosome 4-specific chromosomal protein, and utilizes a dedicated histone methyltransferase, EGG. Studies of chromosome 4 have helped to shape our u...
Densification of the interlayer spacing governs the nanomechanical properties of calcium-silicate-hydrate.

Calciuam-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) is the principal binding phase in modern concrete. Molecular simulations imply that its nanoscale stiffness is ‘defect-driven’, i.e., dominated by crystallographic defects such as bridging site vacancies in its silicate chains. However, experimental validation of this result is difficult due to the hierarchically porous nature of C-S-H down to nanometers. Here, we integrate high pressure X-ray diffraction and atomistic simulations to correlate the anisotropic deformation of nanocrystalline C-S-H to its atomic-scale structure, which is changed by varying the Ca-to-Si molar ratio. Contrary to the ‘defect-driven’ hypothesis, we clearly observe stiffening of C-S-H with increasing Ca/Si in the range 0.8 ≤ Ca/Si ≤ 1.3, despite increasing numbers of vacancies in its silicate chains. The deformation of these chains along the b-axis occurs mainly through tilting of the Si-O-Si dihedral angle rather than shortening of the Si-O bond, and consequently there is no correlation between the incompressibilities of the a- and b-axes and the Ca/Si. On the contrary, the intrinsic stiffness of C-S-H solid is inversely correlated with the thickness of its interlayer space. This work provides direct experimental evidence to conduct more realistic modelling of C-S-H-based cementitious material.
Specifics of Aneurysm Treatment: Paraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery

Abstract In this chapter, we review the anatomy of the paraclinoid segment of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) and classifications for aneurysms in this segment. Endovascular treatment options and techniques are then discussed along with their outcomes. Finally, the relevant surgical anatomy and open microsurgical management options are then reviewed along with hybrid approaches.
ON-LINE REACTIVITY FEEDBACK ANALYSIS OF EBR-II BY ROD DROP.

Reactivity feedback is an important indicator in the analysis of the dynamic behavior of a nuclear reactor. The roddrop perturbation method is used at EBR-II to produce time-dependent power data wh...
Educationalising Trends in Societies of Control: Assessments, Problem-Based Learning and Empowerment

In order to provide some parameters by which I might identify characteristics of educationalisation, I have found it helpful to draw on Mary Furner’s (1975) history of the American Social Science Association and James Kaminsky’s (1993) history of educational philosophy. Furner argues compellingly that the mission of the early American Social Science Association was one of reform. Her book is aptly titled Advocacy and Objectivity, and she writes:
A Novel Methodology to Enhance Business Alignment Using Quantitative QFD and Business Modeling Tools

The intensive implementation of the Quality function deployment (QFD) in the design of projects with six sigma initiatives exposed some problems that enterprises faced while mapping the customer needs and expectations into engineering characteristics. These problems are revealed in the alignment of business strategies to the customer expectations. This paper deals with the issue of strategic planning in which QFD is used to assess the alignment between customer requirements and business strategies. A business alignment clock along with a new framework will be introduced that integrates enterprise business architecture (EBA) with QFD. Relationships inside the QFD matrix will be quantitatively defined using various multivariate data analysis techniques. The results of these relationships will be exploited to generate competitive priorities and verify the consistency with the enterprise action plans.
Déjà vu all over again: critical misunderstandings concerning anxiety sensitivity and constructive suggestions for future research.

Abstract The debate concerning the relation between anxiety sensitivity (AS) and trait anxiety has been constructive for the field and has suggested a number of important directions for future research. Reiss’ (1997) commentary on AS and trait anxiety in this journal, however, contains several serious factual misstatements and logical errors that confuse, rather than clarify, many of the central issues in this debate. These misunderstandings are corrected and the implications of the issues raised by Reiss are addressed here. The authors suggest that future research on AS (a) embed this construct within the context of broader temperamental and personality variables and (b) explicitly recognize the bidirectionality of emotional and cognitive influences.
Persuading Chinese female migrant workers to adopt safe sex practices: Results of a formative evaluation strategy

China has been witnessing the migration of workers from rural areas in search of job opportunities in the big cities. Of these young workers, females are especially at risk of having unwanted pregnancy, contracting sexually transmitted diseases and reproductive infections. This study examines this group’s knowledge, attitudes and behavior toward safe sex practices, identifies the most efficient information channels to reach them, and offers recommendations for the design and implementation of health communication campaigns. Through in-depth interviews, the views and opinions of this highly marginalized group were solicited. The findings show that interpersonal communication with friends, an instant chatting app (QQ), and hospital pamphlets were important sources of information about safe sex practices. Boyfriends were the most influential opinion leaders and actual decision makers in contraception choice. The disparity in gender power in decision-making was the most significant barrier to the adoption of contraceptive methods. The results suggest that future efforts should enhance the quality of information delivered through printed products and chat services. Future programs also should target young migrant male workers. Those directed toward women should move beyond family planning toward more consciousness-raising efforts that enable women to exercise more power over decisions that affect other important aspects of their lives.
Damage Control Laparotomy in Surgical Sepsis

Over the past decade tremendous efforts have been directed at defining and implementing evidence-based guidelines (EBGs) for sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU) [1–6]. Given the magnitude and the complexity of this increasingly common ICU problem, these guidelines were badly needed [7–12]. However, these EBGs fail to distinguish surgical sepsis as a distinct entity. In August 2006, a new Division of Acute Care Surgery (ACS) was started at The Methodist Hospital (TMH) in Houston, Texas. The ACS group identified sepsis to be the major cause of mortality in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). A multidisciplinary sepsis working group was developed and over the next year it created a comprehensive sepsis management protocol that included (a) routine sepsis screening, (b) computerized clinical decision support (CCDS) to consistently implement EBGs, and (c) selective use of damage control laparotomy (DCL) in patients presenting with an intra-abdominal infection and septic shock [6, 13, 14]. The purpose of this chapter is to review our rationale for the use of DCL in surgical sepsis, how DCL is implemented into comprehensive management of sepsis, and our ongoing experience with managing surgical sepsis with an emphasis on DCL.
Nonvasculitic Ischemic Neuropathies

There are a number of disorders, other than vasculitis, in which nerve fibers sustain ischemic injury. This heterologous group is composed of entities caused by compromise of arterial blood flow in vessels of markedly various sizes. Moreover, with some of them, concomitant damage to structures other than neural tissue (e.g., muscle) is an integral component. Six of these disorders are reviewed in this chapter: (1) compartment syndromes, (2) ischemic monomelic neuropathy, (3) acute ischemic mononeuropathy/plexopathy (nerve damage due to embolism or stenosis), (4) chronic limb ischemia (atherosclerotic polyneuropathy), (5) frostbite, and (6) hand-arm vibration syndrome. This chapter discusses these disorders’ pathogenesis, causes, and treatment.
A Respiratory Riskscape for Texas Cities: A Spatial Analysis of Air Pollution, Demographic Attributes and Deaths from 2000 Through 2004

This study utilizes readily available criteria air pollution data from federal government sources to determine the spatial pattern of urban air pollutants. Using both geographic information systems spatial processing functions and statistical analysis, these data are then combined with respiratory and nonrespiratory decedents’ demographic characteristics (including age, race/ethnicity, and gender). Respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, are a leading cause of illness and death in the United States. The areas studied include the major Texas cities of Austin, Dallas-Fort Worth, El Paso, Houston and San Antonio. The purpose of this research is to develop a “respiratory riskscape” in two steps. First, a spatial model of air pollutants for major urban areas in Texas is created. Second, the spatial pattern revealed by that model is analyzed for any significant relationships between specific pollutant sources/emissions and decedent’s demographic characteristics, and mortality rates where respiratory disease is a primary or contributing cause of death. Results show variations among urban areas, and a complex interaction between pollution data and mortality rates based on demographic attributes.
Applying a Model of Stakeholder Engagement to a Pragmatic Trial for People With Mental Disorders

Stakeholder engagement is an important component of pragmatic trials seeking to improve mental health care in real-world settings. Models of stakeholder engagement outline the benefits of involving a diverse array of partners in all phases of research. This column describes a stakeholder engagement plan for a comparative-effectiveness pragmatic trial of a care navigator program to increase linkage between emergency departments and outpatient treatment at community mental health centers. Benefits of stakeholder engagement include meaningful input on program design and implementation, insights into balancing the need for flexibility among clinical sites while implementing the program with fidelity, and early discussions about program sustainability and dissemination.
Virtual reality for spinal cord injury-associated neuropathic pain: Systematic review.

Abstract Background Treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI)-associated neuropathic pain is challenging, with limited efficacy and no definitive options, and SCI patients often show resistance to pharmacologic treatment. Virtual reality (VR) therapy is a non-invasive, non-pharmacologic alternative with minimal adverse effects. Objective To investigate the effect of VR therapy on SCI-associated neuropathic pain in a systematic review. Methods Articles needed to 1) be written in English; 2) include adult subjects, with at least half the study population with a SCI diagnosis; 3) involve any form of VR therapy; and 4) assess neuropathic pain by quantitative outcome measures. Articles were searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL®, EMBASE, and PsycINFO up to April 2018. Reference lists of retrieved articles were hand-searched. Methodologic quality was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Score (PEDro) for randomized controlled trials and Modified Downs and Black Tool (D&B) for all other studies. Level of evidence was determined by using a modified Sackett scale. Results Among 333 studies identified, 9 included in this review (n = 150 participants) evaluated 4 methods of VR therapy (virtual walking, VR-augmented training, virtual illusion, and VR hypnosis) for treating neuropathic pain in SCI patients. Each VR method reduced neuropathic pain: 4 studies supported virtual walking, and the other 3 VR methods were each supported by a different study. Combined treatment with virtual walking and transcranial direct current stimulation was the most effective. The quality of studies was a major limitation. Conclusion VR therapy could reduce SCI-associated neuropathic pain, although the clinical significance of this analgesic effect is unclear. Clinical trials evaluating VR therapy as standalone and/or adjunct therapy for neuropathic pain in SCI patients are warranted.
SILICONE GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION RESULTING IN HYPERCALCEMIA: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

ABSTRACT Objective: Silicone usage for cosmetic enhancement is common, although it is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Granulomatous inflammation leading to hypercalcemia is a rare complication. We present a case of non–parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia in a woman with a history of cosmetic injections. Methods: Case report and review of the literature. Results: A 48-year-old female with metabolic syndrome was evaluated for severe hypercalcemia (calcium >15 mg/dL). Laboratory tests revealed low-normal PTH, normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D, elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and hypercalciuria. Imaging studies, including a computed tomography (CT) scan of the lungs, was nonrevealing. Positron emission tomography/CT showed symmetric hypermetabolic subcutaneous stranding of bilateral gluteus and proximal thighs. She admitted to silicone injections in the buttocks 10 years prior. Her examination was unremarkable except for an intermittent pruritic rash over the right thigh. Labs revealed total serum calcium 11.3 mg/dL, PTH 18 pg/mL, 24-hour urinary calcium 509 mg, and PTH-related peptide 18 pg/mL. Serum and urine electrophoresis were normal, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 47 pg/mL, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was 121 pg/mL. Angiotensin-converting enzyme level was 80 U/mL. A diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation resulting in calcitriol-mediated, PTH-independent hypercalcemia was entertained. Conclusion: Silicone-induced hypercalcemia should be thought of in those with prior cosmetic injections. Tissue biopsy confirms the diagnosis, which is often delayed. We reviewed 19 cases with silicone usage and variable levels of hypercalcemia. Renal injury was common. One death was reported. Glucocorticoids, calcium restriction, and hydration have been used to treat calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia but are not curative. Ketoconazole and bisphosphonates have been used with variable success. Surgical excision tends to be ineffective due to silicone migration. The treatment of this disorder is difficult and often ineffective. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography; FDA = U.S. Food and Drug Administration; PMMA = polymethymethacrylate; PTH = parathyroid hormone;
On the Surface Roughness and Smoothing in the 3D Printed THz Reflectors

This paper presents the effect of surface roughness on the performance of the 3D printed near field focused THz Cassegrain antenna configuration. It is found that the roughness affects the focal plane parameters. The nearfield directivity is reduced by ~ 3.5 dB for 60 µm rough surface, there is only a small effect on the focus spot width. A smoothing process, which reduces the conductive coating surface roughness to 4 µm, is also described. The roughness loss is less than 0.1 dB at 300GHz.
A Sociohistorical View of Cultural Signification

The influential account of the arbitrary linguistic sign in the Course in General Linguistics is ultimately revised in the course of Saussure’s lectures in favor of a differential conception of signification, one which is situated within the sign system from the start. The systemic understanding of language remains, however, incomplete without considering the role that the speech community plays within the signifying process. Language is received from others, especially prior generations, and present social interactions consecrate linguistic change. Consequently, there is no language without society, and there is no society without language—they are co-constitutive factors of cultural signification. Focusing solely on the social dimension of language, however, risks that we disregard the temporal factor or regard language at a single point in time only. Language is always already historical. The sociohistorical dimension of the language system partially transpires in the Course, where it is acknowledged that language (la langue), considered independently of the social world, would be made “artificial”; this complicates the order of the hierarchical dichotomies (la langue and la parole, synchrony and diachrony) from the “Saussurian doctrine.”
Unified Spatial Analytics from Heterogeneous Sources with Amazon Redshift

Enterprise companies use spatial data for decision optimization and gain new insights regarding the locality of their business and services. Industries rely on efficiently combining spatial and business data from different sources, such as data warehouses, geospatial information systems, transactional systems, and data lakes, where spatial data can be found in structured or unstructured form. In this demonstration we present the spatial functionality of Amazon Redshift and its integration with other Amazon services, such as Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL and Amazon S3. We focus on the design and functionality of the feature, including the extensions in Redshift's state-of-the-art optimizer to push spatial processing close to where the data is stored.
Eye alignment changes caused by sustained GDNF treatment of an extraocular muscle in infant non-human primates.

The ability of sustained treatment of a single extraocular muscle with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to produce a strabismus in infant non-human primates was tested. Six infant non-human primates received a pellet containing GDNF, releasing 2 µg/day for 90 days, on one medial rectus muscle. Eye alignment was assessed up to 6 months. Five of the six animals showed a slow decrease in eye misalignment from the significant exotropia present at birth, ending with approximately 10° of exotropia. Controls became orthotropic. Misalignment averaged 8° three months after treatment ended. After sustained GDNF treatment, few changes were seen in mean myofiber cross-sectional areas compared to age-matched naive controls. Neuromuscular junction number was unaltered in the medial rectus muscles, but were significantly reduced in the untreated lateral recti. Neuromuscular junctions on slow fibers became multiply innervated after this sustained GDNF treatment. Pitx2-positive cells significantly decreased in treated and contralateral medial rectus muscles. Our study suggests that balanced GDNF signaling plays a role in normal development and maintenance of orthotropia. Sustained GDNF treatment of one medial rectus muscle resulted in a measurable misalignment largely maintained 3 months after treatment ended. Structural changes suggest mechanisms for producing an imbalance in muscle function.