cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic advances in malignant glioma: current status and future prospects.

Of the approximately 23,000 new cases of malignant central nervous system neoplasms diagnosed annually in the United States, more than half will be categorized as glioblastoma, which is the most aggressive subtype of the malignant gliomas. 1 Despite the application of radiation, chemotherapy, and modern aggressive surgical approaches, 2–4 average survival is approximately 1 year. However, several strategies are under investigation to improve outcome. The first involves attempts to enhance the benefit from radiation, which is the most powerful nonsurgical tool. Attempts at dose escalation more than 6000 cGy haveresultedinincreasedtoxicitywithoutasurvival benefit. Therefore, radiation sensitizers have been explored. To improve local control and limit toxicity to normal brain tissue, novel imaging techniques (eg, chemical shift imaging) are being explored to
Parametric Amplification of Matter Waves in Periodically Translated Optical Lattices

We observe the sudden growth of small classes of Bloch waves from atomic Bose-Einstein condensates held in periodically translated optical lattices. The effect is explained by narrowband parametric amplification of Bloch waves from noise, due to phase-matched scattering of atom pairs out of the condensate. Amplification occurs above a well-defined modulation threshold, described by dynamic shaping of single-particle band structure.
Uncorrected Insight: Metaphor and Transcendence "After Truth" in Qualitative Inquiry

In this article, the author discusses an account of an epiphany or a process of boundary-breaking enlightenment in his research on a Green Tortoise adventure travel tour—the manner in which a form of transcendence "after truth" can exist in qualitative inquiry via the medium of metaphor. Despite the pessimism that can result from an engagement with the "Too Big," the author argues that there is sufficient cause for critical postmodernists to remain optimistic in their efforts to develop a coherent, value-oriented, transformational model of social inquiry.
Through each other's eyes: Egyptian, Levantine-Egyptian, and European women's images of themselves and of each other (1862–1920)

Abstract This article attempts to analyze the images that Egyptian, Levantine-Egyptian, and European women produced of themselves and of each other. These images help us understand the sources and the causes of tension that existed among them then and continue to the present. Because all of these images were partially inspired by cultural nationalism, their critique allows one to assess how European and Egyptian women were influenced by modern national ideologies and rivalries. It prevented them from using each other's experience to push for a more radical critique of their own societies.
Electron beam writing of spatial filters

A method is described for the generation of optical spatial filters using electron beam-addressed crystals of KDP. Some examples of simple filters which have been successsfully written by this method are presented.
Cyclin D1-Cdk4 Induce Runx2 Ubiquitination and Degradation

Runx2 is a Runt domain transcription factor involved in the activation of genes encoding osteoblast and chondrocyte-specific proteins. Runx2 activity is regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. The functional significance of the post-translational modification of Runx2 has not been fully defined. We show that cyclin D1-Cdk4 induce Runx2 degradation in an ubiquitination-proteasome-dependent manner. Mutagenesis of Runx2 serine-472, a consensus Cdk site, to alanine increases the half-life of Runx2 and causes loss of sensitivity to cyclin D1-induced Runx2 degradation. The targeted Runx2 degradation by cyclin D1 identifies a novel mechanism through which Runx2 activity is regulated coordinately with the cell cycle machinery in bone cells.
Penicillium endocarditis following open heart surgery and prosthetic valve insertion

Abstract Two instances of postoperative prosthetic heart valve endocarditis caused by a Penicillium species occurred in a man and in a woman after replacement of aortic and aortic and mitral valves, respectively. Prosthetic cardiac valve fungal endocarditis has been reported in 33 patients prior to the present report; in all but four instances infection was caused by a Candida species or by an Aspergillus species. All reported patients with adequately documented prosthetic valve fungal endocarditis have died. An inordinately high incidence of males is noted among patients with fungal prosthetic heart valve infection. The basis for the apparently enhanced susceptibility of males to such infection remains to be clarified.
The political economy of financial harmonization: The East Asian financial crisis and the rise of international accounting standards

Abstract In the aftermath of the East Asian financial crisis, western nations established a new international financial architecture that relied upon enhanced financial transparency and international financial standards, including international financial reporting and auditing standards, to govern an expanding and crisis-prone international financial system. This paper examines the West’s response to financial crisis in the late 1990s and its implications for the rise and diffusion of international accounting standards from a theoretical perspective that blends institutional analysis and political economy. The aim is to understand how the history of accounting has both shaped and been shaped by transformations in the late 20th century international political economy where financial capital and the power of the financial sector play an increasingly central role in the process of accumulation.
Initiators of the Type Mo(NAr)(CHR')(OR")~2 for the Controlled Polymerization of Diethyldipropargylmalonate

The reaction between Mo(NAr)(trans-CHCHCHMe)[OCMe(CF3)2]2(quin) (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2-C6H3; quin = quinuclidine) and lithium tert-butoxide yields Mo(NAr)(trans-CHCHCHMe)(O-t-Bu)2(quin) (1). The achiral,s...
Future experimental needs in low-speed aerodynamics

This paper presents a review of future experimental needs in low-speed aerodynamic research. Emphasis is on fixed wind aircraft and the review uses the anticipated technical needs of subsonic transport aircraft and supersonic transport aircraft to establish and prioritize future low-speed experimental needs and directions. These technical needs, combined with a continuing improvement in computational capability, suggest changes in the experimental capabilities and adjustments in the use of existing capabilities. Three factors emerge that will have a major influence on the future directions for low-speed aerodynamic research: a recognition of the significance of three-dimensional high-lift aerodynamics, the increasing importance of aeroacoustics, and additional emphasis on the importance of propulsion/airframe integration. These analyses are combined with a review of the status of experimental capabilities in low-speed aerodynamic research to suggest future directions in the development and utilization of advanced instrumentation, test techniques, and test capabilities.
SU‐FF‐I‐140: Cone Beam Breast CT Versus Mammography for Breast Density Measurement

Purpose: To compare breast density measurements using CBCT with those based on mammograms.Materials and Methods: 19 mastectomy specimens were imaged with a bench top aSi/CsI flat panel based CBCT system. Scans were performed at 80 kVp with a voxel size of 0.29 mm and an estimated dose level of 24 mGy at the isocenter. The reconstructed images were corrected and segmented to separate glandular tissue from adipose tissue. The voxel numbers for glandular tissue and the entire breast were counted from the segmented images and used to calculate the volume based breast density. The breast density was also calculated based on mammograms using a commercial software package. The number of pixels for dense tissue regions was counted and divided by that for the entire breast to compute the area based breast density. These two breast densities were used for comparison. The volume based breast densities were also converted into BI‐RADS categories for comparison with those from mammographic reading as recorded in the diagnostic report. Results: The volume based breast densities were mostly equal or lower than the mammographic ones (fig. 1 and Table 1) with a correlation (coefficient = 0.73) between the two. Comparison based on the BI‐RADS categories, more breasts with volume based measure were classified as categories 1 and 2 while most breasts with mammographic reading were classified as category 3 (Fig. 2) with a correlation coefficient of 0.55. Conclusion: It was found that breast densities calculated from CBCTimages were significantly lower than those from mammograms for the 19 patients studied. Implication to the use of CBCT breast density as a risk factor for breast cancer remains to be investigated. This work was supported in part by grants CA104759 and CA124585 from NIH‐NCI, a grant EB00117 from NIH‐NIBIB, and a subcontract from NIST‐ATP.
Density fronts in the vicinity of a long ridge

Abstract Laboratory experiments concerning the nature of density fronts in a two-layer fluid in the vicinity of a continuous ridge were conducted. The experiments were carried out in a circular rotating test cell containing an annular ridge of uniform cross-section. The density fronts were established by releasing a lighter fluid contained in a bottomless cylinder in the interior of the region defined by the topography into a heavier fluid occupying the rest of the test cell. The system was also equipped with an oscillating plunger located along the test cell axis to produce simulated tidal currents impinging in the normal direction on the ridge; experiments without and with tidal forcing were conducted. The governing parameters for the physical system considered are the Rossby, temporal Rossby, Burger and Ekman numbers and geometrical parameters. It is found that for both the non-forced and tidally forced experiments the fronts were stabilized by the ridge. The fronts in the simulated tidal currents experiments were found to advect radially outward more rapidly at early times than their non-forced counterparts; at large times, the temporal evolution of the front for these forced experiments approached that of the non-forced experiments. In the region interior to the annular ridge, the motion field is highly baroclinic, while outside this region, the flow response at the forcing frequency is barotropic. Scaling arguments regarding frontal position, viscous decay and barotropic oscillatory flow responses are advanced and supported by experimental observations.
Creep and strain recovery in hot-pressed silicon nitride

It is observed that creep response in hot-pressed silicon is characterized by two parallel phenomena; one accounts for a persistent non-recoverable plastic deformation and the other for a transient viscoelastic recoverable deformation. The persistent creep component is time-dependent, and apparently follows parabolic time kinetics. It is further observed that creep is characterized by a power law stress exponent of about 4 and an activation energy of 848 kJ mol−1. The viscoelastic recoverable component of strain is found to be independent of the total plastic strain in the material. The recovery rate at any given time is directly proportional to the preceding creep stress and therefore can be considered linear viscoelastic. The creep compliance of the viscoelastic transient is temperature-dependent with an activation energy of about 722 kJ mol−1. It is further observed that the viscoelastic recovery is characterized by a spectrum of retardation times and can be modelled by a series of Kelvin analogue models. Finally, the viscoelastic recovery and the viscoelastic component of subsequent creep appear to be inversely related and apparently obey Boltzman superposition. A model is developed for the creep and recovery behaviour of hot-pressed silicon nitride consistent with all experimental observations and based in relative grain motion accommodated by the fluid grain-boundary glass liquid flow, cavitation and wedge opening.
Four-Dimensional Electron Microscopy

The discovery of the electron over a century ago and the realization of its dual character have given birth to one of the two most powerful imaging instruments: the electron microscope. The electron microscope's ability to resolve three-dimensional (3D) structures on the atomic scale is continuing to affect different fields, including materials science and biology. In this Review, we highlight recent developments and inventions made by introducing the fourth dimension of time in electron microscopy. Today, ultrafast electron microscopy (4D UEM) enables a resolution that is 10 orders of magnitude better than that of conventional microscopes, which are limited by the video-camera rate of recording. After presenting the central concept involved, that of single-electron stroboscopic imaging, we discuss prototypical applications, which include the visualization of complex structures when unfolding on different length and time scales. The developed UEM variant techniques are several, and here we illucidate convergent-beam and near-field imaging, as well as tomography and scanning-pulse microscopy. We conclude with current explorations in imaging of nanomaterials and biostructures and an outlook on possible future directions in space-time, 4D electron microscopy.
Photocatalytic degradation of aqueous organic pollutants using titania supported periodic mesoporous silica

Periodic mesoporous materials are extensively employed as supports for dispersing photocatalytically active species since they possess very high surface areas, large pore volumes and can be easily synthesized.
Algebraic properties of separated power series

We study the commutative algebra of rings of separated power series over a ring E and that of their extensions: rings of separated (and more specifically convergent) power series from a field K with a separated E-analytic structure. Both of these collections of rings already play an important role in the model theory of non-Archimedean valued fields and we establish their algebraic properties. This will make a study of the analytic geometry over such fields through the classical methods of algebraic geometry possible.
MEMS-plunger platform for tunable terahertz wire laser at ∼5 K

The tuning of a terahertz quantum cascade wire laser, operated at ~5 K, is demonstrated using a micro-machined metal or silicon object, called a 'plunger', attached to a MEMS-based two-stage flexure and actuated by a differential micrometer through a piezo-actuator that is de-amplified by a lever system. The heterogeneous system including the plunger, made from a silicon-on-insulator wafer, and a wire laser based on GaAs/AlGaAs material with first-order distributed feedback corrugation, works at liquid helium temperature (~5 K). The double-stage flexure design enables a frictionless, reversible and continuous tuning over a broad range of ~330 GHz (~8.6% of the 3.85 THz center frequency) with single-mode operation.
Leading-Edge Velocities and Lifted Methane Jet Flame Stability

Current interest exists in understanding reaction-zone dynamics and mechanisms with respect to how they counterpropagate against incoming reactants. Images of flame position and flow-field morphology are presented from flame chemiluminescence and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. In the present study, PIV experiments were carried out to measure the methane jet lifted-flame flow-field velocities in the vicinity of the flame leading edge. Specifically, velocity fields within the high-temperature zone were examined in detail, which complements previous studies, whose prime focus is the flow-field upstream of the high-temperature boundary. PIV data is used not only to determine the velocities, but, along with chemiluminescence images, to also indicate the approximate location of the reaction zone (further supported by/through the leading-edge flame velocity distributions). The velocity results indirectly support the concept that the flame is anchored primarily through the mechanism of partially premixed flame propagation.
Template-Directed Architectural Isomerism of Open Molecular Frameworks: Engineering of Crystalline Clathrates

Crystalline clathrates formed from two-dimensional guanidinium sulfonate hydrogen-bonded networks connected by 4,4‘-biphenyldisulfonate “pillars” in the third dimension exhibit a “brick-like” molecular framework that is a predictable architectural isomer of a previously observed bilayer architecture based on the same pillars. The amount of void space in the brick framework is nominally twice that of the bilayer form, with the framework occupying only 30% of the total volume. The formation of the brick architecture can be attributed to steric templating by the included molecular guests and host−guest interactions that favor assembly of this framework over its bilayer counterpart. The brick framework conforms to the different steric demands and occupancies of various aromatic guests (1,4-dibromobenzene, 1-nitronaphthalene, nitrobenzene, and 1,4-divinylbenzene) by puckering of the flexible, yet resilient, hydrogen-bonded network and by rotation of the pillars about their long axes, the latter also governing ...
A Modular Magnetic Logic Using Toroidal Ferrite Cores and Diodes

This paper describes a modular magnetic logic technology compatible with the manufacturing machinery and process control requirements found in the automotive industry. The logic circuits employ only three components per module, a machine-wound ferrite toroidal core, a semiconductor diode, and a resistor.
Lessons from transgenic and knockout animals about noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

The application of transgenic techniques to alter gene expression in vivo has provided new models to evaluate the role of specific genes in the complex pathogenesis of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In this review, we summarize methods used to create transgenic animals and highlight results from those models which have contributed to our understanding of the overall pathophysiology of NIDDM. Transgenic animal models have clearly demonstrated the requirement for normal insulin action in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, as well as normal insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta-cell, in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. In addition, these data confirm that isolated defects in single critical genes, including the insulin receptor, IRS-1, and glucokinase, may play a role in the development of some types of insulin resistance and NIDDM. However, it is likely that multiple additive defects, both genetic and acquired, are required to produce the full clinical syndrome typical of more common forms of NIDDM.
African-American participants in a bipolar disorder registry: clinical and treatment characteristics

Objectives: The goal of this paper was to compare clinical characteristics and treatment history of African-American and Caucasian participants in a bipolar disorder registry. Methods: The Western Pennsylvania Bipolar Disorder Registry used several recruitment methods to reach individuals self-identified as having bipolar disorder. Individuals who contacted and joined the registry completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire on clinical characteristics and treatment history. A sample of 2,718 registry participants was analyzed in order to compare these characteristics and history by race. Results: African-Americans in the registry reported a greater number of inpatient hospitalizations (9.8 versus 4.4) than Caucasians, as well as a higher suicide attempt rate (64% versus 49%). African-American participants were more likely to report a family member with schizophrenia. With respect to psychotropic medication, African-Americans were less likely to report taking antimanic medication or benzodiazepines, but more likely to report taking antipsychotics than Caucasians. Conclusions: The present findings reinforce previous reports regarding the chronicity and severity of bipolar disorder among African-Americans. They also support previous studies that found high rates of attempted suicide among African-Americans with bipolar disorder. These findings provide further impetus for specific community and mental health services delivery efforts to reduce barriers to early accurate diagnosis and to appropriate ambulatory treatment for bipolar disorder.
Asymptotic properties of anoya bayes factors

We study Rayes factors for testing the null hypothesis of no group differences in the one-way ANOVA model A commonly-used Bayes factor due to Spiegelhalter ands Smith (1982), developed using vague prior distributions, is shown to be the limit of Bayes factors obtained from suitably defined proper prior distributions. This Bayes factor is compared with a new one that we develop. The two Bayes factors we consider are generic, requiring little or no a priori input. Comparisons between our proposed Bayes factor and that of Smith and Spiegelhalter are given and their consistency properties are evaluated. We find dramatic differences in terms of asymptotic performance, favoring the proposed form.
The international program of research on Latimeria in the 1960s

The international phase of coelacanth research, meaning substantial activity and involvement by people from countries other than the Comoros, France and South Africa, began in 1961. In that year UNESCO initiated detailed planning for a multinational, multiyear investigation of many aspects of the physical, chemical and biological environments of the Indian Ocean that was called the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE). In response to a request for proposals for the United States' program in biology in the IIOE the author, early in 1961, initiated a plan for what became a 3-month long expedition by 15 scientists from three countries on board the R/V TE VEGA. In 1964 the expedition went to northern Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Efforts to capture and study at least one specimen of Latimeria were a major component of the activities. This paper describes important aspects of the preparations leading up to this expedition and the events that occurred during the expedition, in the context of the search for the coelacanth. The expedition did not capture a fish itself, but arrangements made during the trip resulted in a specimen (CCC no. 37), partly fixed in formalin and then frozen, being sent to the author in early 1965. A detailed study of the fats and oils contained in this fish resulted in a prediction concerning the probable neutral buoyancy of Latimeria that has been supported by the recent behavioral observations from submersibles. The paper concludes with a brief account of the activities of the Committee on Latimeria that was sponsored by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences from 1968–1972.
Chemistry of sands from the modern Indus River and the Archean Witwatersrand basin: Implications for the composition of the Archean atmosphere

Both the Indus River and the Witwatersrand basin contain sand with grains of detrital uraninite. Because this mineral is easily oxidized, its presence in Archean strata as a detrital particle has been used as evidence for a low-oxygen atmosphere before 2.5 Ga. However, its presence in modern sand from the Indus River system has been used to argue that detrital uraninite does not provide information about the oxygen concentration of Earth's early atmosphere. Petrographic and chemical study of sand from these two sources reveals differences that suggest the modern Indus sand cannot be used as an analog for the Archean Witwatersrand occurrences. The Witwatersrand quartzites are depleted in Ca, Mg, and Na, indicating that the original sand from which they formed had been subjected to intense weathering. The chemical index of alteration (CIA), a commonly used indicator of degree of weathering, yields an average value of about 0.80 for Witwatersrand quartzites, comparable to modern tropical streams such as the Orinoco that drain deeply weathered terrains under tropical conditions (CIA=0.75). In contrast, the CIA for Indus sand is 0.45, indicating virtually no chemical weathering. The significance of Archean quartz-pebble conglomerates is not just that they contain unstable detrital phases like uraninitemore » and pyrite, but that these particles are associated with rocks whose compositions suggest intense weathering. These conglomerates must have been subjected to intense weathering under tropical conditions, either in their source area or at the site of deposition, and the preservation of minerals like uraninite such conditions is indeed strong evidence for a low-oxygen atmosphere.« less
TmDOTP5– as a 23Na shift reagent for the subcutaneously implanted 9L gliosarcoma in rats

The use of TmDOTP(5-) as an in vivo (23)Na NMR shift reagent (SR) for subcutaneously implanted 9L gliosarcoma was evaluated. TmDOTP(5-) produced a single sharp extracellular peak after about 50-60 min of infusion, and did not cause any changes in the (31)P resonance areas or chemical shifts, suggesting that the SR is homogeneously distributed in the extracellular space and does not alter tumor bioenergetic status. TmDOTP(5-) and CoEDTA(-) as extracellular space markers gave identical results for relative extracellular space (0.25 +/- 0.03 and 0.25 +/- 0.04, respectively) and intracellular Na(+) concentration (19.3 +/- 4.0 mM and 18.6 +/- 3.9 mM, respectively), indicating that the biodistribution of the SR is the same as the well-accepted extracellular space marker. The in vivo T(1) and T(2) relaxation times of intra- and extracellular Na(+) were also measured. Our results indicate that TmDOTP(5-) promises to be an effective shift reagent and extracellular space marker in the 9L gliosarcoma and perhaps other tumors. Magn Reson Med 45:436-442, 2001.
Deconvolution of high-resolution two-dimensional NMR signals by digital signal processing with linear predictive singular value decomposition

NMR signals from high-resolution pulsed experiments can be adequately represented by sums of sinusoids (I). Normally these signals are transformed to the frequency domain by Fourier transformation and the chemical information inherent in the frequency, damping, intensity, or phase of the sinusoids is subsequently obtained by various deconvolutions, ranging from simple “peak-picking” for frequency to nonlinear least-squares fitting to obtain all the sinusoid properties (2) for an application see, e.g., Ref. (3). This deconvolution in the frequency domain is particularly complicated by the need to set initial parameters for the nonlinear least-squares analysis (4,5). The characteristics of the contributing sinusoids in the time domain are needed for recognition of patterns of signals (6) and correlation with expected properties (7). We show a new method of analyzing two-dimensional NMR spectra for this purpose. The technique of linear predictive singular value decomposition (LPSVD) (8), applied previously in NMR (9), permits the extraction of frequency information from a time-domain signal, While a Fourier transform of this signal produces another related signal, equivalent to the previous one but viewed in the frequency domain, this LPSVD technique presents the same information in a different and sometimes more useful manner. The algorithm presupposes that the signal is made up of a certain number of exponentially damped sinusoids of the form
Long-Term Livestock Exclusion in an Arid Grassland Alters Vegetation and Soil

Abstract Changes in soil and vegetation due to livestock grazing are occurring in arid lands throughout the world. The most extreme cases result in desertification, which is seen as largely irreversible, because of altered soil properties. To understand better how long-term livestock removal affects soil properties and vegetation, we compared water-infiltration rates, soil bulk density, and perennial grass cover inside and outside a long-term livestock exclosure in an arid grassland site in southeastern Arizona, United States. The site had not been desertified at the time of this study. Exclusion of livestock for 40 yr was associated with lower bulk density and higher water infiltration in both the dry and wet seasons. Perennial grass cover was higher and two native grasses, Eragrostis intermedia and Bouteloua hirsuta were significantly more common (P < 0.05) in the ungrazed area. These findings parallel our results from a desertified site and suggest that changes in soil physical properties associated wi...
Validity of the Tangent Linear Approximation in a Moist Convective Cloud Model

Abstract The validity of the moist tangent linear model (TLM) derived from a time-dependent 1D Eulerian cloud model is investigated by comparing TLM solutions to differences between results from a nonlinear model identically perturbed. The TLM solutions are found to be highly sensitive to the amplitude of the applied perturbation, and thus the linear approximation is valid only for a specific range of perturbations. The TLM fails to describe the evolution of perturbations when the initial variation is given on a parameter in the vicinity of a nonlinear regime change, a result that has important implications for many cloud-scale processes. Uncertainty imposed on certain aspects of microphysical processes can have a significant influence on the behavior of the TLM solutions, and in some cases this behavior can be explained by the particular discretizations used to solve the equations. The frequency at which the nonlinear basic state is updated in the TLM can also have a profound effect on the TLM validity, ...
Static magnetic fields alter arteriolar tone in vivo.

This study was designed to directly quantify the effect of localized static magnetic field (SMF) exposure on the diameter of microvessels in adult rat skeletal muscle in vivo. Microvascular networks in the exteriorized rat spinotrapezius microvasculature were exposed to a localized, uniform 70 mT SMF for 15 min. Arteriolar vessel diameters were measured; and the extent of vessel contraction, microvascular tone, was calculated before exposure, immediately after exposure, and 15 and 30 min after removal of the field. A calculated value of high tone corresponds to vessels that are vasoconstricted and a calculated value of low tone refers to vessels that are vasodilated. Vessels with initial tone 15% showed a significant (P 15% initial tone, smaller diameter vessels that are initially vasoconstricted, demonstrated a significant (P 30 μm had no significant response to the SMF. These results imply that SMF exposure influences arteriolar diameters, and therefore microvascular tone, in a restorative fashion acting to normalize the tone to the median tone value of 15% following exposure. Because this response occurs primarily in the resistance arterioles, which significantly influence tissue perfusion, SMF application could be efficacious for the treatment of both ischemic and edematous tissue disorders involving compromised microvascular function. Bioelectromagnetics 26:1–9, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relating spatial perspective taking to the perception of other’s affordances: Providing a foundation for predicting the future behavior of others.

Understanding what another agent can see relates functionally to the understanding of what they can do. We propose that spatial perspective taking and perceiving other’s affordances, while two separate spatial processes, together share the common social function of predicting the behavior of others. Perceiving the action capabilities of others allows for a common understanding of how agents may act together. The ability to take another’s perspective focuses an understanding of action goals so that more precise understanding of intentions may result. This review presents an analysis of these complementary abilities, both in terms of the frames of reference and the proposed sensorimotor mechanisms involved. Together, we argue for the importance of reconsidering the role of basic spatial processes to explain more complex behaviors.
Dynamic topic mining from news stream data

Given the popularity of Web news services, we propose a topic mining framework that supports the identification of meaningful topics (themes) from news stream data. News articles are retrieved from Web news services and processed by data mining tools to produce useful higher-level knowledge, which is stored in a content description database. Instead of interacting with a Web news service directly, by exploiting the knowledge in the database, an information delivery agent can present an answer in response to a user request. A key challenging issue within news repository management is the high rate of documents update. That is, since several hundred news articles are published everyday by a single Web news service, it is essential to develop incremental data mining tools to cope with such dynamic environments. To this end, we present a sophisticated incremental hierarchical document clustering algorithm using a neighborhood search. The novelty of our proposed algorithm lies in exploiting locality information to reduce the amount of computation while producing high-quality clusters. Other components of topic mining (e.g., learning topic ontologies) can be performed based on the obtained document hierarchy. Experimental results show that our proposed incremental clustering produces high-quality clusters, and topic ontology provides an interpretation of the data at different levels of abstraction.
Kernel-based Template Alignment

This paper introduces a novel kernel-based method for template tracking in video sequences. The method is derived for a general warping transformation, and its application to affine motion tracking is further explored. Our approach is based on maximization of the multi-kernel Bhattacharyya coefficient with respect to the warp parameters. We explicitly compute the gradient of the similarity functional, and use a quasi-Newton procedure for optimization. Additionally, we consider a simple extension of the method that employs an illumination model correction to allow tracking under varying lighting conditions. The resulting tracking procedure is evaluated on a number of examples including large templates tracking non-rigidly moving textured areas.
No Southern Comfort: Three Georgia Colleges and the New Normal in Higher Education

American institutions of higher education currently face a myriad of new challenges as a result of recessions and larger macroeconomic issues. Current changes to the higher education landscape include: increased enrollments by underrepresented and non-traditional student populations; the emergence of an increasingly prominent for-profit sector of higher education; decreased state funding for higher education; increased tuition costs; the need to balance teaching and research; lingering questions surrounding accountability and governance, and reductions in need-based financial aid to students. In short, colleges and universities are being asked to do more with less thus creating a new normal state of existence for higher education. This article traces three Georgia colleges (Georgia State University, Georgia Perimeter College, and Agnes Scott College) through the circumstances and challenges presented by the new normal state of higher education. Suggestions surrounding how each college might continue to navigate difficult circumstances are offered. Issues such as completion, student debt, diversity, performance-based funding, tuition policy, accountability, globalization, and college readiness are discussed within the context of each institution and within the greater need to increase quality at a time where institutional resources are increasingly scant.
The ground plane effect of a small meandered line antenna

In this paper a discussion of the effect of the size and position of the ground plane of a meandered line antenna operating at 2.4 GHz is presented. The meandered line antenna was first designed with a ground plane that extends underneath the antenna. In order to improve the antenna performance, the ground plane was truncated and its position underneath the antenna was changed. These adjustments to the ground improved the antenna efficiency by a factor of 3.6, bandwidth by a factor of 2, as well as achieving omni-directional radiation patterns. However, the changes also resulted in high current distribution on the coaxial test cable, which was then corrected by extending the ground plane width.
Wireless Sensor Using High Q Resonator of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube for Liquids

Carbon nanotubes are an interesting material, in which the single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) can have a high microwave dielectric permittivity and a high conductivity as well. The resonators of the SWCNT were reported as gas sensors in the past. In this paper, we present a wireless sensing property of SWCNT resonators for liquids such as water and alcohols. In the experiments, it was noted that the central resonances frequencies of those excited modes in the resonator of the SWCNT were slightly moved when seeing the water and alcohol, respectively.
Heat-Induced Changes in Milk Fat

Summary A study on the effect of heat on milk fat shows that acetone, pentanone-2, heptanone-2, nonanone-2, and undecanone-2 are formed in the absence of oxygen and moisture. The use of gas chromatography with capillary columns and flame ionization detection also reveals the presence of many other components. Among these, and present in relatively small quantities, are the evennumbered carbon ketones butanone-2, hexanone-2, and octanone-2, as well as the n-alkanals C 1 to C 9 . Temperatures above 100C appear to be critical for the development of an off-flavor. Samples of milk fat so heated and homogenized into fresh skimmilk had a marked resemblance to reconstituted milk powder when subjected to a taste panel. The effects of heat in the absence of oxygen on the color of anhydrous milk fat are shown.
Oxygen consumption in relation to motion of marine planktonic copepods

The goal of these studies was to quantify the energy consumption of abundant marine planktonic copepods with different motion behaviors but similar body weight by determining their oxygen consumption under conditions approaching those encountered in their natural environment. The motion behaviors of adult females of the 3 copepod taxa studied ranged from the continuously fast-moving Clausocalanus furcatus to the continuously slow-moving and feeding current-producing Paracalanus aculeatus to the occasionally moving Oncaea spp. At 20°C, the daily oxygen consump- tion per unit body weight decreased significantly with decreasing activity, i.e. C. furcatus > P. aculea- tus > Oncaea spp. Expressed as percent of body carbon metabolized per day, the average values were 23.4% for C. furcatus, 15.1% for P. aculeatus, and 10.5% for Oncaea spp. Oxygen consumption of P. aculeatus and Oncaea spp. was significantly higher at 23°C than at 20°C. It is concluded that not only body weight and temperature, but also the extent of motion will affect energy expenditures of planktonic copepods.
Barotropic instability and equatorial superrotation

Abstract Baroclinically unstable zones in midlatitudes normally produce medium-scale planetary waves that propagate toward the equator where they generate easterlies while transferring westerly momentum poleward, so that the jet lies in higher latitudes than in the corresponding axisymmetric (eddy-free) state. When the baroclinically unstable zone is moved into low latitudes, however, the equatorward side of the jet can also produce a barotropic instability whose large-scale eddies lead to a strong superrotating westerly current at the equator; the jet remains close to its axisymmetric location. For the earth, the transition between these two regimes occurs when the jet lies close to 30°, according to calculations with a global, multilevel, spectral, primitive equation model that examines superrotating flows for a wide range of rotation rates. The existence of a stable superrotating regime implies that an alternative climate could occur, but only under novel conditions.
Eosinophil-derived IL-10 Supports Chronic Nematode Infection

Eosinophilia is a feature of the host immune response that distinguishes parasitic worms from other pathogens, yet a discrete function for eosinophils in worm infection has been elusive. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism(s) underlying the striking and unexpected observation that eosinophils protect intracellular, muscle-stage Trichinella spiralis larvae against NO-mediated killing. Our findings indicate that eosinophils are specifically recruited to sites of infection at the earliest stage of muscle infection, consistent with a local response to injury. Early recruitment is essential for larval survival. By producing IL-10 at the initiation of infection, eosinophils expand IL-10+ myeloid dendritic cells and CD4+ IL-10+ T lymphocytes that inhibit inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and protect intracellular larvae. The results document a novel immunoregulatory function of eosinophils in helminth infection, in which eosinophil-derived IL-10 drives immune responses that eventually limit local NO production. In this way, the parasite co-opts an immune response in a way that enhances its own survival.
WOLBACHIA INTERACTIONS THAT DETERMINE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER SURVIVAL

We have recently described a mutualistic symbiosis in which Wolbachia bacteria were shown to improve the fitness of some Drosophila melanogaster stocks. Wolbachia did not extend longevity in all Drosophila genotypes, even though 16s rDNA sequences indicated that our Drosophila stocks were infected with the same Wolbachia strain. Here, we use reciprocal hybrid crosses between two Drosophila strains, one that lived longer with Wolbachia (Z53) and one that did not (Z2), to investigate the inheritance of the survival phenotype and its dependence on the host genotype, sex, and mating conditions. Wolbachia's positive effects were more apparent in hybrid flies than in parental flies, ruling out exclusive maternal inheritance or the dependence of the survival phenotype on Wolbachia strain differences. The Wolbachia survival effects were more apparent in single-sex cages, where courtship and mating were not permitted. In these cages, nearly all flies with Wolbachia lived longer than uninfected flies, even though strain Z2 showed no Wolbachia effect in mixed-sex mating cages. We used comparisons between single- and mixed-sex cages to estimate the cost of reproduction for both sexes. Our data suggest that Wolbachia infection may increase the inferred cost of reproduction, particularly in males. Wolbachia can even produce a positive survival effect almost as large as the negative survival effect associated with reproduction. We discuss the implications of our experiments for the study of insect symbioses.
A Demand Access Protocol for Space Applications

This paper describes a demand access protocol for space communications, which is a messaging procedure that facilitates the exchange of resource requests and grants between users and service providers. A minimal set of operational and environmental needs and constraints are assumed since the intent is to keep the protocol flexible and efficient for a wide-range of envisioned NASA robotic and human exploration missions. The protocol described in this document defines the message format and procedures used to ensure proper and correct functioning of a demand access communications system, which must operate under customized resource management policies applied by the users and service providers. This protocol also assumes a minimal set of capabilities from the underlying communications system so that no unique requirements are imposed on the communications sub-systems.
Intestinal Epithelial Cell–Derived μ-Opioid Signaling Protects against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through PI3K Signaling

Intestinal ischemia has a wide variety of causes, including, but not limited to, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypotension, and chronic inflammation. In severe cases, ischemic injury can result in death. μ-Opioid receptor (MOR) signaling has previously been shown to protect against chemically induced colitis, but the cellular origin of this effect remains unknown. Herein, we evaluated the role of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)–derived MOR signaling in host responses to ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Ileal ischemia was accomplished through obstruction of the distal branches of the superior mesenteric artery (60 minutes) and reperfusion for 90 minutes (ischemia-reperfusion). Floxed-MOR mice were crossed to Villin-cre transgenic mice to selectively delete the MOR gene in IECs (MORIEC−/−). Radio-ligand binding assays demonstrated selective loss of MOR signaling in IECs of MORIEC−/− mice. The s.c. administration of the MOR agonist, [D-Arg2, Lys4] dermorphin (1–4) amide (DALDA), 10 minutes before surgery protected against both ischemic and reperfusion phases of intestinal injury, an effect abolished in MORIEC−/− mice. This cytoprotective effect was associated with enterocyte-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling and decreased apoptosis, as determined by IHC and caspase-3 processing. PI3K blockade with Ly294002 resulted in loss of MOR-mediated cytoprotective function. Together, these data show that IEC-derived μ-opioid signaling uses the PI3K pathway to protect cells against the damaging effect of ischemia-reperfusion. Targeting MOR signaling may represent a novel mean to alleviate intestinal injury and promote the wound-healing response.
Timing is everything-colectomy performed on Monday decreases length of stay.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative care of patients undergoing colon resection requires a multidisciplinary approach by the operating surgeon, residents, and nurses. Operations performed on Monday take full advantage of hospital resources throughout the week to meet expected discharge by Friday. In a current health care environment of diminishing means, improving the timing of surgery in relation to expected length of stay may play an important role in preserving health care resources. METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected colorectal surgical database identified all patients who underwent segmental colon resection at a single tertiary care referral center from 2004 to 2010. Length of stay for patients undergoing elective open and minimally invasive segmental colectomy was compared for Monday versus Tuesday through the weekend. Patient and surgeon demographics were recorded as well as postoperative outcomes and complications. RESULTS: A total of 868 segmental colectomies were performed during the study period. Length of stay was significantly decreased by .73 days (P , .01) for all segmental colectomies performed on Monday compared with those performed Tuesday through Sunday. There was also a significant decrease in length of stay looking independently at right (.96 days, P , .01) and left or sigmoid colectomies (.56 days, P ,.01). There was no significant difference in patient or surgeon demographics to account for this difference. CONCLUSIONS: Segmental colectomies have a significantly decreased length in stay when performed on Monday compared with the rest of the week. The decrease is independent of surgeon, comorbidities, and complications. This difference may be the result of patients’ taking full advantage of hospital resources and ancillary support. Cost-effective measures may be evaluated and directed at adjustment of resources available throughout the week to reduce length of stay.
Liapunov criteria for weak stochastic stability

Sufficient conditions for recurrence and positivity of diffusion process defined by stochastic differential equation, using Liapunov function