cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urban Occupational Health in the Mexican and Latino/Latina Immigrant Population: A Literature Review

Mexican and Latino/Latina immigrants represent a rapidly growing population within the United States. The majority settle in urban areas. As a group, Mexican immigrants typically have low educational attainment and socioeconomic status, and limited English proficiency. These immigrants often find work in hazardous jobs, with high injury and fatality rates. They often have inadequate or no safety training, no personal protective equipment, limited understanding of workers' rights, job insecurity, fear of report of undocumented status and lack health care benefits. This review includes what has been published on the urban occupational health of this population. The findings suggest that Mexican and Latino/Latina immigrants experience higher rates of work-related fatalities and injuries compared to other populations, and may be less likely to report such incidents to employers or to apply for workers' compensation. There is a strong need to develop effective programs to address the health and safety of this vulnerable population.
Millimeter-wave spectroscopy of cold Rb Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap: Quantum defects of the ns , np , and nd series

By using a magneto-optical trap we have measured the Rb $ns\ensuremath{-}(n+1)s$ and ${\mathrm{nd}}_{j}{\ensuremath{-}(n+1)d}_{j}$ two-photon millimeter-wave transitions for $32l~nl~37,$ observing 100-kHz-wide resonances, in spite of the trap's 10 G/cm magnetic-field gradient, in which one might expect to observe resonances 5 MHz wide. This resolution is possible because of the similarity of the ${g}_{j}$ factors in the initial and final states. Under the same conditions, the single-photon ns-np resonances are \ensuremath{\sim}5 MHz wide. To make useful measurements of these intervals, we turned off the trap field and used the 300-K atoms of the background Rb vapor. Together these measurements improve the accuracy of the s, p, and d quantum defects by an order of magnitude.
A sliding class-a audio output system

A single-ended transistor output stage is described in which the low battery drain and high-power output characteristics of push-pull Class B are achieved by a sliding bias produced by the signal.
Fast Adaptive Iterative Image Restoration Algorithms

In this paper fast adaptive iterative image restoration algorithms are proposed. These algorithms are based on a class of nonadaptive restoration algorithms ihich exhibit a first or higher order of convergence and some of them consist of an on-line and an off-line -computational part. Since only the linear algorithm can take a computationally feasible adaptive formulation, an iterative algorithm which combines the linear adaptive and the higher order nonadaptive algorithms is proposed. An adaptive window size method is followed in the implementation of the linear adaptive algorithm, rithm, which improves the restoration results. A method to update the computation of the measure of the bcal activity only in the near edge areas is also proposed, thus resulting in great computational savings. Finally, experimental results are presented.
Justice and organizational citizenship: A commentary on the state of the science

The present article discusses the state of the science regarding the connection between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as reflected by the articles included in this issue. The research described in these articles reaches a conclusion in need of further elaboration—namely, that people will behave altruistically toward the oroganizations in which they work when they believe those organizations have treated them fairly. Various conceptual issues are discussed. These include: the willingness of people to express inequity distress by withholding OCB, the relative importance of procedural justice compared to distributive justice as a determinant of OCB (especially the social aspects of procedural justice), and the extent to which a reduction in OCB may reflect a desire to influence another individual, or the organization in general. A variety of methodological issues are also discussed. In this connection, it is suggested that correlational, questionnaire measures be supplemented by open-ended interview studies as well as laboratory investigations. Moreover, if questionnaires continue to be used, then it is recommended that attempts be made to improve the validity of both measures of justice and OCB.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF PRENATAL COCAINE USE: 6-MONTH OUTCOME RELATED TO AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE. 1531

We report the 6-month results from a longitudinal study of the effects of prenatal cocaine use on the medical and neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants. Over 2,000 women from rural health departments consented to the study's interviews and urine screens, from which 154 were identified as cocaine users and matched on risk level of prenatal care, race, parity, and socioeconomic status to 154 consenters verified as non-cocaine users. Drug screening was done at study enrollment and delivery. Psychosocial/drug histories were taken at each trimester and follow-up visit. The 6-month measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, the Family Support Scale, and a detailed drug-use history from the child's primary caregiver who was also asked to complete the Bates Infant Characteristics Questionnaire. The child was administered the Bayley Scales, the Fagan test, and measured for height, weight, and head circumference. There were no group differences for the caregiver/family measures. The infants did not differ in size, having caught up in weight and head circumference since birth. Caregiver rated temperament and the child's visual recognition memory as tested by the Fagan were also the same between groups. The singular finding was a significantly lower Bayley PDI in the cocaine-exposed infants (105.4 ± 14.3 vs. 109.7± 13.4). Six- month growth measures were not related to the amount of cocaine used during pregnancy as calculated from the detailed interviews. However, the amount of cocaine used during the second trimester was significantly positively correlated with Bayley MDI score.
Rapid Turnover of T Lymphocytes in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques

Studies of lymphocyte turnover in animal models have implications for understanding the mechanism of cell killing and the extent of lymphocyte regeneration in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Quantitative analyses of the sequential changes in bromodeoxyuridine labeling of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes not only revealed the normal proliferation and death rates of these cell populations in uninfected macaques, but also showed a substantial increase in these rates associated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Faster labeling and delabeling in memory and naive T lymphocyte subpopulations as well as in NK (natural killer) and B cells were also observed in infected macaques, suggesting a state of generalized activation induced by SIV.
Safety assessment of railroad wheels through roll-by detection of tread cracks

A prototype system has been developed for roll-by inspection of cracks in the treads of freight car wheels. The system uses noncontacting electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMATs) which generate and receive surface waves propagating along the tread surface. If a defect is present it reflects an echo back to the EMAT. The EMAT itself consists of a coil and permanent magnet which are embedded in a 'rocking shoe'. This device is a piece of impact- absorbing polymeric material having a curvature to match the radius of a 910 mm (36 in) diameter wheel. The rocking shoe is suspended by a spring system in a recess, machined into the outer surface of a rail plug. When the wheel is centered over the shoe, it activates a trigger circuit which energizes the EMAT and causes propagation of the surface wave. The detected echoes are analyzed by a microprocessor which characterizes the wheel as being safe or unsafe. The crack detector system has been subjected to field testing using actual locomotive and rolling stock. It has been able to detect both artificial and real defects at roll-by speeds of 25 km/h (15mph).© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Breast cancer risk perceptions and breast cancer worry: what predicts what?

This longitudinal study explored the relationship between perceived breast cancer risk and worry. We measured both absolute and comparative risk perceptions, and also used the Gail algorithm to assess the accuracy of participants' risk perceptions. Three hundred and one women ages 40–75 participated in a two‐part study assessing how format of breast cancer risk presentation affected perceptions of risk. Relative to their Gail scores, women were biased pessimistically about their own absolute breast cancer risk and yet largely accurate about their comparative breast cancer risk. Perceived comparative risk, but not perceived absolute risk or biases in absolute or comparative risk, predicted subsequent worry. Worry predicted subsequent perceived absolute risk and biases in absolute and comparative risk. These results suggest that women's emotional reactions to breast cancer risk are based on accurate (unbiased) perceptions of their comparative risks. In turn, greater worry prompts a re‐evaluation of absolute...
The Statistical Theory of Turbulent Flames

The theory stemming from the statistical representation of turbulent flames is presented and developed, the major aim being to describe the basic processes in relatively simple flames. Starting from conservation equations, with the assumption of low Mach number and high Reynolds number, it is shown that the properties at any point in the flame can be determined from the transport equations for the velocity U and a set of scalars : represents the species mass fractions and enthalpy. However, the solution of these equations with initial conditions and boundary conditions appropriate to turbulent flames is prohibitively difficult. Statistical theories attempt to describe the behaviour of averaged quantities in terms of averaged quantities. This requires the introduction of closure approximations, but renders a more readily soluble set of equations. A closure of the Reynolds-stress equations and the equation for the joint probability density function of is considered. The use of the joint probability density function (p.d.f.) equation removes the difficulties that are otherwise encountered due to non-linear functions of the scalars (such as reaction rates). While the transport equation for the joint p.d.f. provides a useful description of the physics, its solution is feasible only for simple cases. As a practical alternative, a general method is presented for estimating the joint p.d.f. from its first and second moments: transport equations for these quantities are also considered therefore. Modelled transport equations for the Reynolds stresses, the dissipation rate, scalar moments and scalar fluxes are discussed, including the effects of reaction and density variations. A physical interpretation of the joint p.d.f. equation is given and the modelling of the unknown terms is considered. A general method for estimating the joint p.d.f. is presented. It assumes that the joint p.d.f. is the statistically most likely distribution with the same first and second moments. This distribution is determined for any number of reactive or non-reactive scalars.
Identifying the drivers of enterprise resource planning and assessing its impacts on supply chain performances

– Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is intended to integrate all facets of a company’s business operations encompassing production planning, material purchasing, inventory control, logistics, accounting, finance, marketing, and human resource management by creating a single depository of the database that can be shared by the entire organization and its trading partners. Through an empirical study, the purpose of this paper is to identify a multitude of drivers that facilitate or hinder the implementation of ERP in business environments. Also, this paper determines its role in supply chain operations and assesses its impact on supply chain performances. , – To examine which factors drive the ERP adoption and gauge the level of the ERP success, the authors develop a research framework based on two well-known theories in the strategy literature: a contingency theory; and a resource-based view of the firm. This research framework allowed us to develop a series of hypotheses regarding the use of ERP for strategic sourcing. To test hypotheses, the authors carried out the study in three phases: a pre-pilot; a pilot; and a large-scale questionnaire survey. In the pre-pilot phase, the authors generated potential survey items through theory development and a literature review. In the pilot phase, the authors develop a structural equation model along with the identification of valid constructs based on structural interviews and the Q-sort method. At the last stage, the authors conducted a large-scale survey via mail questionnaires primarily targeting the Korean industry comprised of manufacturers and their suppliers and customers. , – The firm’s ERP adoption and implementation decision is mainly affected by its internal environment. Defying the conventional wisdom, the firm’s external environment has little influence on its decision to adopt and implement ERP. However, through the mediating role of an internal environment, an external environment still indirectly influences the ERP adoption and ERP implementation decision. Also, the authors found that ERP could enhance the ERP adopter’s organizational capability and supplier capability. , – This study is one of a few attempts to investigate the role of ERP in the supply chain and identify important determinants influencing the ERP adoption and implementation decisions. Especially, in contrast with the previous literature which often gauged the benefits of ERP from an ERP adopter’s standpoint, this paper is one of the few to assess the benefits of ERP from the ERP adopter’s supply chain partners standpoints. Also, it is one of the first to assess the impact of ERP on supplier capability, organizational capability, and customer value.
Fusion-neutron-yield, activation measurements at the Z accelerator: Design, analysis, and sensitivity

We present a general methodology to determine the diagnostic sensitivity that is directly applicable to neutron-activation diagnostics fielded on a wide variety of neutron-producing experiments, which include inertial-confinement fusion (ICF), dense plasma focus, and ion beam-driven concepts. This approach includes a combination of several effects: (1) non-isotropic neutron emission; (2) the 1/r2 decrease in neutron fluence in the activation material; (3) the spatially distributed neutron scattering, attenuation, and energy losses due to the fielding environment and activation material itself; and (4) temporally varying neutron emission. As an example, we describe the copper-activation diagnostic used to measure secondary deuterium-tritium fusion-neutron yields on ICF experiments conducted on the pulsed-power Z Accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories. Using this methodology along with results from absolute calibrations and Monte Carlo simulations, we find that for the diagnostic configuration on Z, th...
Computer detection of ventricular ectopic beats.

Abstract An algorithm has been developed for performing a beat-by-beat real-time analysis of electrocardiograms for the purpose of ectopic beat detection. A multipatient version of this algorithm has been implemented on a small digital computer. Examination of the results indicate close agreement of analysis by computer and cardiologist. The noise suppression features of the program permit continued operation under diverse clinical conditions.
Flexible Fiberoptic Endoscopy for Airway Problems in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

We used flexible fiberoptic endoscopy to evaluate 87 patients with potential problems of the airway in a pediatric intensive care unit. Four different-sized bronchoscopes were used to perform 61 diagnostic laryngoscopic procedures, 35 diagnostic bronchoscopic procedures, and eight therapeutic bronchoscopic procedures. Diagnostic information was obtained in 91 of 96 procedures. Of the eight therapeutic procedures, seven were considered successful. Morbidity was minimal, and there was no death. Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy proved useful as a bedside technique for critically ill pediatric patients in whom evaluation of the airway in the operating room under general anesthesia would have been difficult.
ESD troubleshooting and testing practices

This workshop will focus on trouble-shooting methodologies with an emphasis on defining experiments to identify the specific ESD stress condition that is causing damage. Interactions between ESD protection structures and ESD test equipment will be considered as part of this trouble-shooting. You are invited to send your comments to the workshop moderator at info@esda.org, with the topic “2006 ESD Symposium Workshop Question” in the subject line.
Negative Countercharges and S4 Interaction in Domain IV of Nav1.4

The voltage sensor module comprises the positively charged S4 residues and negative countercharges in S1 to S3 segments. In the present study the putative interaction of these charges in domain IV during fast inactivation of the human voltage gated sodium channel of skeletal muscle was investigated. The effects of charge reversing mutations of R1448 and R1457 were compared to those for mutations at N1366, E1373, N1389 and D1420. Mutations slowed the entry of channels into fast inactivation, slowed or accelerated the recovery of channels from fast inactivation, and reduced the gating charge. Charge swapping mutations had a more pronounced effect to rescue the wild type phenotype on recovery from fast inactivation than for entry into fast inactivation. These results suggest specific residue interactions that promote S4 translocation during the deactivating transition leading to recovery from the fast inactivated state.
A theory of kindness, reluctance, and shame for social preferences

Abstract Recent experimental evidence from dictator games suggests that proposers take money from receivers when taking is an option, and that many proposers are reluctant to play the game. This paper proposes a behavioral model with two components: a choice correspondence that depends on the endowed allocation and the menu of allocations available, and a preference ordering over endowment/menu pairs. The choice correspondence governs behavior when the proposer actually plays a game, and the preference ordering governs the proposer's willingness to play a particular game. The model is then used to characterize notions of proposer kindness, reluctance, and shame.
Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclide Geochronology Data Reporting Standards Needed

Scientists can estimate the time at which rocks at Earth's surface became exposed (through glacial scour, faulting, sediment deposition, exhumation, etc.) in a given area using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) geochronology. The idea behind this technique is ingenious in its simplicity. Imagine, for example, a glacier advancing over the landscape and scouring the rocks underneath. As the glacier retreats, fresh rock surfaces become exposed to the atmosphere. Galactic cosmic rays then bombard the fresh minerals exposed at the Earth's surface, producing rare nuclides such as beryllium-10 (10Be) and aluminum-26 (26Al) in the process. Thus, measuring the concentration of TCNs in rocks at the Earth's surface allows scientists to estimate how long a surface has been exposed and/or the rate of surface denudation.
Large deformation analysis of rubber based on a reproducing kernel particle method

A nonlinear formulation of the Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM) is presented for the large deformation analysis of rubber materials which are considered to be hyperelastic and nearly incompressible. In this approach, the global nodal shape functions derived on␣the basis of RKPM are employed in the Galerkin approximation of the variational equation to formulate the discrete equations of a boundary-value hyperelasticity problem. Existence of a solution in RKPM discretized hyperelasticity problem is discussed. A Lagrange multiplier method and a direct transformation method are presented to impose essential boundary conditions. The characteristics of material and spatial kernel functions are discussed. In the present work, the use of a material kernel function assures reproducing kernel stability under large deformation. Several of numerical examples are presented to study the characteristics of RKPM shape functions and to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in large deformation analysis. Since the current approach employs global shape functions, the method demonstrates a superior performance to the conventional finite element methods in dealing with large material distortions.
Myelodysplastic syndrome after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma

Long-term survivors after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) for lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease are known to have a high risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but the risk of MDS is not clear for patients transplanted for myeloma. We reviewed the outcomes for 82 myeloma patients who underwent APBSCT at our center. The group included 47 men and 35 women of median age 56 years (range: 37-74 years). Median time from diagnosis to APBSCT was 8.2 months (range: 2.6-86.1 months). Before coming to transplantation, 28% had received oral melphalan (MEL), 98% received other chemotherapy and 34% received radiation. A single APBSCT was provided for 68, and 32% underwent APBSCT more than once. High-dose MEL alone was used as the preparative regimen for 83%, and the remainder received at least one APBSCT with a more intensive preparative regimen. Ten patients (12%) developed MDS. The 5-year cumulative incidence is 18% (95% confidence interval, 9-30%). There were no demographic factors associated with an increased risk of developing MDS. Median survival after the diagnosis of MDS was 18 months. There is a relatively high risk of MDS after APBSCT for myeloma, and optimal therapy has not been established for these patients.
The relation between the transit depths of KIC 12557548b and the stellar rotation period

Kawahara and collaborators analyzed the transits of the candidate disintegrating Mercury-mass planet KIC 12557548b and suggested that the transit depths were correlated with the phase of the stellar rotation. We analyze the transit depths of KIC 12557548b and confirm that there is indeed a robust, statistically significant signal in the transit depths at the rotation period of the spotted host star. This signal is more prominent in the first-half of the Kepler data, and is not due to leakage of the rotating spot signal into our measurement of the transit depths, or due to unocculted starspots. We investigate the suggestion that this signal could be due to an active region on the star, emitting enhanced ultraviolet or X-ray radiation leading to an increased mass loss rate of the planet; we confirm that such a scenario could cause both modulation of the transit depths of KIC 12557548b, and small enough transit-timing variations that they might not be detected in the Kepler data. Our preferred explanation for the fact that the transit depths of KIC 12557548b are modulated with the stellar rotation phase is that the candidate transiting planet is occulting starspots on this highly spotted star; such a scenario could cause transit depth variations as large as have been observed, and cause transit-timing variations small enough that they are arguably consistent with the Kepler data.
SILVER helps assign peptides to tandem mass spectra using intensity-based scoring.

Tandem mass spectrometry is commonly used to identify peptides (and thereby proteins) that are present in complex mixtures. Peptide identification from tandem mass spectra is partially automated, but still requires human curation to resolve “borderline” peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs). SILVER is web-based software that assists manual curation of tandem mass spectra, using a recently developed intensity-based machine-learning approach to scoring PSMs, Elias et al. [4]. In this method, a large training set of peptide, fragment, and peak-intensity properties for both matched and mismatched PSMs was used to develop a score measuring consistency between each predicted fragment ion of a candidate peptide and its corresponding observed spectral peak intensity. The SILVER interface provides a visual representation of match quality between each candidate fragment ion and the observed spectrum, thereby expediting manual curation of tandem mass spectra. SILVER is available online at http://llama.med.harvard.edu/Software.html.
Parsimonious use of indicators for evaluating sustainability systems with multivariate statistical analyses

Indicators are commonly used for evaluating relative sustainability for competing products and pro- cesses. When a set of indicators is chosen for a particular system of study, it is important to ensure that they vary independently of each other. Often, the number of indica- tors characterizing a chosen system may be large. It is essential to select the most important indicators from a large set so that a dependable bias-free analysis can be done using the reduced set of indicators. In this paper, we propose the use of principal component analysis (PCA) along with the partial least square-variable importance in projection (PLS-VIP) method to ensure that the explicit or tacit assumption of the independence of the chosen indi- cators is valid. We have used two case studies to demon- strate successful use of these two methods for parsimonious use of indicators for sustainability analysis of systems.
One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Rib Waveguides

We analyze an optical waveguide that consists of a 1D photonic crystal (PC) embedded in a large cross-sectional rib waveguide. The PC provides control over the dispersion properties of the waveguide, while the rib geometry provides a low loss and versatile mechanism for confining light. The structure is analyzed using the 3D finite-difference time-domain method. The simulation results indicate that extremely low-loss waveguiding is possible over a defect band. Moreover, the PC has a complete 1D photonic band gap with a gap-midgap ratio (Deltaomega/omegamid) of 0.913, which is one of the largest ratios ever reported for a PC.
Combining Patient Utility with Health Status Assessment to Improve Medical Decision Making

Physicians often use health status assessment tools to evaluate a patient's condition, then apply established guidelines to determine the most medically effective treatment. Yet additional criteria, such as the appropriateness of the treatment given the particular patient's preferences and attitude toward risk, are also highly relevant to quality care. While such preferences could be addressed via patient utility functions, their use in actual practice is somewhat limited because elicitation is often considered too burdensome for patients, unreliable, or redundant given other measures. For a small group of real patients who have suffered a stroke, we measure both traditional health status and patient utility for the current state to determine whether limited, focused utility assessment is a practical means of obtaining additional and relevant patient information. We find that utility assessment is perceived as reasonable and useful by patients, even when quite ill, and that utilities and health status are not redundant. In fact, investigating apparent inconsistencies between patient utility and observed health status can alert the physician to patient concerns and criteria not captured by more traditional measures. We propose an approach to medical decision making that uses both measures to improve patient–physician communication.
Two‐Center Two‐Electron Spin‐Spin and Spin‐Orbit Hybrid Integrals

General expressions for the two‐center hybrid integrals over Slater orbitals occurring in the evaluation of the spin‐spin and spin‐orbit interactions in diatomic molecules are derived. The final expressions are in the form of one‐dimensional integrals over functions which are readily evaluated.
Warm-temperature tensile ductility in Al-Mg alloys

Several binary and ternary Al alloys containing from 2.8 to 5.5 wt pct Mg were tested in tension at elevated temperatures (200°C to 500°C) over a range of strain rates (10−4 to 2.0 s−1). Tensile ductilities of up to 325 pct were obtained in binary Al−Mg alloys with coarse grains deformed in the solute-drag creep regime. Under test conditions in which solute-drag creep controls deformation, Mg in concentrations from 2.8 to 5.5 wt pct neither affects tensile ductility nor influences strain-rate sensitivity or flow stress significantly. Strength is shown to increase with increasing Mg concentration, however, in the power-law-break down regime. The solute-drag creep process, which leads to superplastic-like elongations, is shown to have no observable grain-size dependence in a binary Al−Mg material. Ternary alloying additions of Mn and Zr are shown to decrease the strain-rate sensitivity during solute-drag creep, negatively influencing ductility. An important cause of reduced ductility in the ternary alloys during creep deformation is found to be a transition from necking-controlled failure in the binary alloys to cavitation-controlled failure in the ternary alloys investigated. An increase in ternary element concentration, which can increase the relative volume percentage of proeutectic products, increases cavitation.
Reduction of plyatomic ion interferences in indictively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with cryogenic desolvation

A desolvation scheme for introducing aqueous and organic samples into an argon inductively coupled plasma is described; the aerosol generated by nebulizer is heated (+140 C) and cooled ({minus}80 C) repeatedly, and the dried aerosol is then injected into the mass spectrometer. Polyatomic ions are greatly suppressed. This scheme was validated with analysis of seawater and urine reference samples. Finally, the removal of organic solvents by cryogenic desolvation was studied.
Thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of a polymer composite cured at different isothermal cure temperatures

Thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of a commercial carbon fiber epoxy prepreg, Cycom 977-2 UD, were obtained for isothermal cure temperatures ranging from 149°C to 182°C. For each cure...
An overview of oak silviculture in the United States: the past, present, and future

Aux Etats-Unis, les chenes (Quercus) constituent partout des composants importants des systemes forestiers. Ce travail a pour but de decrire les pratiques anciennes, actuelles et futures a l'interieur de l'ecosysteme chene-hickory des Etats-Unis. Autrefois, les activites realisees dans l'utilisation des terres favorisaient le developpement des chenes. Toutefois, la lutte contre les incendies de foret spontanes et le pâturage du betail a entraine des problemes severes pour la regeneration des chenes, problemes non reconnus jusqu'a ces derniers temps. Les prescriptions pour le desherbage, le defrichement et l'emploi des tableaux de stockage pour controler l'eclaircissement intermediaire de sylviculture etaient des anciens developpements en sylviculture (.)
Object oriented design in the AGSDCS alarm system

Abstract The alarm subsystem of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron Distributed Control System (AGSDCS) has been redesigned to enhance reliability, flexibility, and ease of maintenance. The alarm system is functionally divided into Alarm Generators, Alarm Displays, and a central Alarm Receiver. The task was simplified by defining a set of C+ + classes that could be reused by all components of the alarm system. The AlarmData class represents instances of alarm conditions. The AlarmFilter class is used by both the Alarm Receiver and Alarm Displays to select the alarms that are of interest to a particular user. The AlarmDatabase class is used by the Alarm Receiver to manage the central alarm database. The Alarm Displays use the AlarmDatabase class to manage the local database representing the alarms on their screens.
Significance of nanoplankton in the Chesapeake Bay estuary and problems associated with the measurement of nanoplankton productivity

Over a 2-year program of monthly cruises covering the entire Chesapeake Bay (USA), the phytoplankters which passed 35 μm mesh were responsible for 89.6% of the phytoplankton productivity. On a single summer cruise, the <35 μm phytoplankton fraction was responsible for 93.4% of the chlorophyll a and 100% of the primary productivity. The <10 μm fraction was responsible for 81.3% of the chlorophyll a and 94% of the productivity. The difference in biomass in the <35 μm and the <10 μm fractions was significant (P=0.025), but no significant difference in the productivity could be demonstrated. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that recently assimilated carbon can be lost with gravity screening. Considering both this and the effect of herbivorous zooplankters enclosed in productivity incubations, a prescreening rather than postscreening technique is recommended for studying nanoplankton productivity.
[A0-Phenylalanyl] relaxin (porcine): An active intermediate

A [phenylalanylA0] relaxin has been isolated as a byproduct during large scale porcine relaxin preparations, using ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose at pH 7.8 followed by high performance liquid chromatography on reversed phase columns. The elongation at the N terminus of the A-chain has been demonstrated by amino acid and sequence analyses of the isolated and carboxymethylated relaxin-A-chain. The phenylalanyl relaxin and B29 relaxin are indistinguishable by circular dichroism spectroscopy, in mouse pubic ligament assay, and radioimmunoassay. The occurrence of phenylalanyl relaxin may be caused by an incomplete conversion of prorelaxin to relaxin.
Directional solidification and microstructures of near-eutectic Cr–Cr3Si alloys

Abstract Near-eutectic Cr–Cr 3 Si alloys were directionally solidified in a high-temperature optical floating zone furnace. At the eutectic composition, uniform and well-aligned lamellar structures were obtained over a fairly wide range of solidification conditions, but not at very low or very high growth rates where degenerate and cellular structures, respectively, were obtained. The lamellar spacing was found to increase with decreasing solidification rate, in agreement with the Jackson–Hunt theory. In addition, for a fixed growth rate, the lamellar spacing was found to increase with increasing rotation rate. The growth directions in the lamellar eutectic are found to be 〈1 0 0〉 for the Cr 3 Si phase and 〈1 1 1〉 for the Cr solid-solution phase. Eutectic microstructures (rod or lamellar) could also be produced at off-eutectic compositions, but only for a limited range of growth conditions.
Lessons Learned from EIAH Metadata Application Profile (EMAP)

The EIAH Metadata Application Profile (EMAP) has been designed to meet Encyclopedia of Iranian Architectural History (EIAH) needs regarding the organization of architectural resources. The application profile should satisfy community needs and should respect existing conventions; architects may think differently from archivists or museum curators. The key issues in the design process have been addressed here; namely, compliance with the special needs of EIAH data architecture, interoperability, compliance with Persian language and localization, as well as simplicity, critical because of the wide range of non-cataloger users of the system. The EMAP has been designed based on Dublin Core; six element refinements have been defined for the Dublin Core element “subject” to facilitate the interconnection of resources to entities in the EIAH ontology. In particular, human readable documentation guidelines have been emphasized as an important factor in metadata quality. Metadata crosswalks have also been defined ...
MBE growth of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure without real-time monitoring

Abstract Evaluation of producing a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) epitaxial structure by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) without resorting to any real-time monitoring technique is reported. Continuous grading of Al x Ga 1− x As between x =0.12 to x =0.92 was simply achieved by changing the Al and Ga cell temperatures in no more than three steps per DBR period. Highly uniform DBR and VCSEL structures were demonstrated with a multi-wafer MBE system. Run-to-run standard deviation of reflectance spectrum center wavelength was 0.5% and 1.4% for VCSEL etalon wavelength.
Not Just a Little Pinch: First Do No Harm With Pediatric Peripheral IV Catheters

Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs) are mainstays of modern medical intervention, placed in >25 million US patients annually1 and in at least 44% of pediatric inpatients.2 Although PIVs are often essential for delivering medications, hydration, and nutrition to ill children, they are not without consequence or cost. In this issue of Hospital Pediatrics , Goff et al detail specific PIV insertion costs in terms of resources used and nurse-time spent, estimating an annual total PIV insertion cost for a 30-bed inpatient pediatric unit at $113 600. The authors argue for the creation of teams to place pediatric PIVs, as previous research suggests decreased PIV attempts, reduced cost, and improved quality when more experienced nurses and dedicated teams place PIVs.3– …
Dilatometric study of low profile unsaturated polyester resins

An in-house-built and designed dilatometer was applied to the study of low profile unsaturated polyester resins. This article first describes the dilatometer used including its calibration then its application to low profile unsaturated polyester resins. Several series of dilatometry experiments were performed, to study the effect of low profile additive concentration and cure temperature on shrinkage control. Scanning electron micro-graphs of the samples were also prepared to show the correlation between shrinkage control and polymer morphology.
Time sense, emotions, and acute mental illness.

Fifty psychiatric patients were evaluated for subjective and objective changes in time sense in the Emergency Department and, on the average, nine days after admission to the hospital. Unpleasant affect (anxiety, aggression, and depression) was positively correlated with changes in time sense, and changes in pleasantness were negatively correlated with changes in time sense. There was greater distortion of time sense in the E.D., when unpleasant affect was greater. Besides the pre-post correlations of time sense with emotional changes, the comparison of sub-groups showed that patients with poor reality testing (psychotic, schizophrenic, and delusional patients) had the most marked distortions of time sense. These findings suggest that, in acute mental illness, changes in time sense may be a useful index to alterations in reality testing and emotion.
VISUALIZING THE METHOD OF FINDING VOLUMES BY CROSS SECTIONS: AN EGGSPERIMENT

ABSTRACT For some students, using the method of cross sections to find the volume of a solid is difficult to understand because of the abstraction involved. This paper deomonstrates a fun way for students to visualize the method of cross sections. Although a fun activity, the paper implicitly conveys the importance of connecting theory and experiment.
Population synchrony of a native fish across three Laurentian Great Lakes: evaluating the effects of dispersal and climate

Climate and dispersal are the two most commonly cited mechanisms to explain spatial synchrony among time series of animal populations, and climate is typically most important for fishes. Using data from 1978–2006, we quantified the spatial synchrony in recruitment and population catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for bloater (Coregonus hoyi) populations across lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron. In this natural field experiment, climate was highly synchronous across lakes but the likelihood of dispersal between lakes differed. When data from all lakes were pooled, modified correlograms revealed spatial synchrony to occur up to 800 km for long-term (data not detrended) trends and up to 600 km for short-term (data detrended by the annual rate of change) trends. This large spatial synchrony more than doubles the scale previously observed in freshwater fish populations, and exceeds the scale found in most marine or estuarine populations. When analyzing the data separately for within- and between-lake pairs, spatial synchrony was always observed within lakes, up to 400 or 600 km. Conversely, between-lake synchrony did not occur among short-term trends, and for long-term trends, the scale of synchrony was highly variable. For recruit CPUE, synchrony occurred up to 600 km between both lakes Michigan and Huron (where dispersal was most likely) and lakes Michigan and Superior (where dispersal was least likely), but failed to occur between lakes Huron and Superior (where dispersal likelihood was intermediate). When considering the scale of putative bloater dispersal and genetic information from previous studies, we concluded that dispersal was likely underlying within-lake synchrony but climate was more likely underlying between-lake synchrony. The broad scale of synchrony in Great Lakes bloater populations increases their probability of extirpation, a timely message for fishery managers given current low levels of bloater abundance.
Enhancing Teamwork with Cross-Product Teams (CPT's)

Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) are all the rage now. However, teamwork can be more effectively implemented on development projects if Cross-Product Teams (CPTs) are also used. The Systems Engineering Process cannot be performed well in a vacuum. It requires the right people, the right organization for those people, and the right functional design disciplines involved (e.g., software, mechanical, circuit card, logistics, ASIC/FPGA, microwave, interconnect assemblies, and test equipment). It also requires the proper timing with regard to when the different “levels” of the system architecture are defined and when the related functional design disciplines are brought to bear. This paper describes the programmatic framework within which the Systems Engineering Process should be performed. This framework involves the system breakdown structure (or product hierarchy), the organizational breakdown structure (or project teaming chart), and the project schedule.
CONCOMITANT DEVELOPMENT OF [3H]‐DOPAMINE AND [3H]‐5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE UPTAKE SYSTEMS IN RAT BRAIN REGIONS

1 Synaptosomal uptake mechanisms of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine were examined in cerebral cortex, corpus striatum and midbrain plus brainstem of developing rats. 2 In all regions, there was generally a parallel biphasic development of both uptake systems; the most rapid increases occurred in the first two weeks postpartum, followed by a slower rate of increase. 3 Kinetic studies with dopamine indicated that the maturation involved increases in maximal uptake without a change in the substrate Km, suggesting that there is a change in the number or terminals but not in the uptake system per se.
Enlargement and hypervascularity of both the epididymis and testis do not exclude involvement with lymphoma or leukemia

We present 3 cases of diffuse infiltration of the testes and epididymides by malignant lymphoma and leukemia. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonograms showed diffuse hypoechoic enlargement and hypervascularity of the involved testes and epididymides. The authors emphasize that enlargement and hypervascularity of both the epididymis and testis can be caused by lymphomatous/leukemic involvement and is not always indicative of epididymo-orchitis.
Spectral Emittance of Refractory Materials

A method for measuring spectral emittance properties in the 2 to 15 μ region of materials heated in air to 1000°C is described. Data are presented for a number of refractory oxides, nitrides, and carbides; oxidized metals; and coated metals.
Analysis of Go-Back-N ARQ in Block Fading Channels

This work analyzes the throughput of Go-Back-N (GBN) in block fading, a model frequently used for slow fading wireless channels. We devise hidden Markov models and block transition probabilities for the block fading channel, allowing us to calculate the throughput of GBN with reliable feedback, as well as unreliable feedback. The advantages of this approach include generality: it applies to two-state as well as multi-state models for forward and reverse channels. Also, the results for both reliable and unreliable feedback are expressed in terms of probability matrices, which can be used as convenient building blocks in the analysis and simulation of larger systems. Simulations verify our analysis.
The Effect of Reversing the Amide Chromaphore on some Dye Properties of the Naphthol AS Series

The synthesis and dyeing properties of seven naphthol dyes of the AS Series, different from the parent compound only in that the amide chromaphore group is reversed, is presented. Although the naphthols appear brighter in color than regular naphthols when coupled to the fast-color bases, they are more difficult to apply in application and no not appear to offer any significant advantage over the conventional products in their textile properties. Further, reversing the amide chromaphore appears to inhibit the contribution of the naphthoic substituent to color development.
Principles of Scientific Relaxation

The stresses of the modern world produce states of muscular overtension which in turn can wreak havoc on various systems of the body. The omnipresence of tension disorders in our society well attests to the fact that few people completely cope with tension problems of everyday living. Indeed, tension disorders are more common than the common cold, and they constitute unique problems for many professional fields. Consequences of a lifetime of excessive and unwise muscle tension are manifested in such pathological conditions as hypertension, coronary heart disease, colitis with attendant constipation and diarrhea, anxiety, excessive fatigue, bruxism, and headaches. The best answer to the question of how to wisely control the body and thus prevent or eliminate such tension conditions is in the effective application of progressive relaxation.
More Than Just the Postal Service: Novel Roles for IFT Proteins in Signal Transduction

Disruption of intraflagellar transport (IFT) results in loss of flagella and cilia as well as their signaling activity, making it difficult to assess possible roles of IFT in signal transduction. In a recent issue of Cell, Wang et al. (2006) used a temperature-sensitive IFT mutant to separate flagella assembly from signaling activity, and they show that IFT has a direct role in forming signaling complexes in the flagella.