cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moving shoreline boundary condition for nearshore models

The paper develops and analyzes two fully nonlinear boundary conditions that incorporate the motion of the shoreline in nonlinear time domain nearshore models. A moving shoreline essentially means the computational domain is changing with the solution of the flow. The problem is solved in two steps. The first is to establish an equation that determines the motion of the shoreline based on the local momentum balance. The second is to develop and implement into a shoreline model the capability of accommodating a changing computational domain. The two models represent two different ways of addressing this step: one is to track the position of the shoreline in a fixed grid by establishing a special shoreline point which generally is not a fixed grid point. The second is by a coordinate transformation that maps the changing domain onto a fixed domain and solves the basic equations in the mapped domain. The two shoreline conditions are tested against three known solution for nonlinear shoreline motion. Two are the 1-D solutions to the nonlinear shallow water (NSW) equations by Carrier and Greenspan [J. Fluid Mech. 4 (1958) 97], one representing the response to a transient change in the offshore water level, the other the motion due to a periodic standing wave, both on slopes steep enough to allow full reflection. The third is the 2-D horizontal (2DH) computational solution by Zelt [Coast. Eng. 15 (1991) 205] for the run-up of a solitary wave on a cusped beach. In all cases, both models are shown to behave well and give high accuracy results for suitably chosen grid and time spacings.
Developmental Trajectories of the Corpus Callosum in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Background It was recently found that the development of typical patterns of prefrontal, but not posterior, cortical asymmetry is disrupted in right-handed youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using longitudinal data, we tested the hypothesis that there would be a congruent disruption in the growth of the anterior corpus callosum, which contains white matter tracts connecting prefrontal cortical regions. Methods Areas of five subregions of the corpus callosum were quantified using a semiautomated method from 828 neuroanatomic magnetic resonance scans acquired from 236 children and adolescents with ADHD (429 scans) and 230 typically developing youth (399 scans), most of whom had repeated neuroimaging. Growth rates of each diagnostic group were defined using mixed-model linear regression. Results Right-handed participants with ADHD showed a significantly higher rate of growth in the anterior-most region of the corpus callosum (estimated annual increase in area of .97%, SEM .12%) than their typically developing peers (annual increase in area of .32% SEM .13%; t = 3.64, p = .0003). No significant diagnostic differences in growth rates were found in any other regions in right-handed participants, and no significant diagnostic differences were found in non-right-handed participants. Conclusions As hypothesized, we found anomalous growth trajectories in the anterior corpus callosum in ADHD. This disrupted anterior callosal growth may reflect, or even drive, the previously reported disruption in the development of prefrontal cortex asymmetry. The finding documents the dynamic, age-dependent nature of callosal and congruent prefrontal cortical abnormalities characterizing ADHD.
A basic set of abstract object classes for representation of complex documents

To support the creation, editing, storage, retrieval, and transmission of electronic multimedia documents, a system must maintain and manage complex, nonhierarchical relationships among the documents and their constituent components. A basic set of high level object classes that can be used in a hybrid object oriented development environment to represent complex documents, their constituent parts, and interrelationships is presented. These object classes are intended to provide a stable base for development of a PC-based document management system.
Lactotransferrin gene expression in the mouse uterus and mammary gland.

The mouse mammary gland and uterus expressed the gene for the secretory protein lactotransferrin under various physiological conditions. Lactotransferrin, however, was induced by estrogen in a time- and dose-dependent fashion in the uterus of the immature mouse, but was not affected by estrogen in the mammary gland. Differences were also found in the expression of lactotransferrin in mammary glands and uteri of adult females during lactation. A high level of the protein was detected by immunocytochemistry in uterine epithelial cells 1 day after parturition, but immunoreactivity disappeared quickly thereafter. Lactotransferrin message was, however, relatively abundant in the mammary gland at the end of the lactation period. The presence of lactotransferrin in various tissues also was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. Two forms of immunoreactive material was detected by this method; a 70K band was found in uterine luminal fluid from the estr...
Adaptation of a nematode parasite to living within the mammalian epithelium

Trichuris muris is a large metazoan pathogen that has been proposed to live intracellularly within living host intestinal epithelial cells. We sought to determine how Trichuris bores its way through the mucosal epithelium and to elucidate the parasite strategies for taking advantage of this intracellular niche. Since the apical surface of the mucosal epithelium is stabilized by the actin cytoskeleton and cell junctions, it remains intact over the worm following its entry into cells. In contrast, non-stabilized lateral membranes of the host epithelial cells are ruptured and cells are killed to form an inert syncytial tunnel. The ventral surface of the nematode worm is studded by pores that overlie bacillary cells; these pores penetrate through the cuticle and are in direct contact with host cytoplasm. From scanning electron micrographs of isolated worms, we calculate that each adult contains approximately 50,000 bacillary cells. The apical surface of the bacillary cells is extensively folded into plicae 40 nm in diameter, thereby increasing the surface area many-fold. Bacillary cells lack organelles for enzyme synthesis and secretion and fail to export protons. However, by confocal light microscopy it was observed that fluorescent macromolecules in excess of 100,000 Da can penetrate into the pores. Taken together, we conclude that the bacillary cells are essential for living inside host epithelium and function predominantly in absorption of soluble molecules from the host mucosal cytoplasm, in essence behaving as an external gut epithelium that is protected from abrasion by the cuticle that surrounds the openings of the bacillary cells.
Staffing and Workflow of a Maturing Institutional Repository

Institutional repositories (IRs) have become established components of many academic libraries. As an IR matures it will face the challenge of how to scale up its operations to increase the amount and types of content archived. These challenges involve staffing, systems, workflows, and promotion. In the past eight years, Kansas State University’s IR (K-REx) has grown from a platform for student theses, dissertations, and reports to also include faculty works. The initial workforce of a single faculty member was expanded as a part of a library-wide reorganization, resulting in a cross-departmental team that is better able to accommodate the expansion of the IR. The resultant need to define staff responsibilities and develop resources to manage the workflows has led to the innovations described here, which may prove useful to the greater library community as other IRs mature.
COMPARATIVE NEUROTOXICITY AND ANTIPENTYLENETETRAZOL ACTIVITY OF SOME PIPERIDINEDIONES.

A new piperidinedione, DAPD, has been compared with four other piperidinediones—glutethimide, amino-glutethimide, methyprylon, and bemegride—and also phenobarbital. With two techniques that measured neurotoxicity and pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold, the onset, peak, and duration of activity of each drug was plotted. DAPD and glutethimide reached peak activity by 5 minutes and exhibited the same neurotoxicity. DAPD had the shortest duration of action and produced the least increase in seizure threshold of the piperidinediones studied. Amino-glutethimide resembled phenobarbital with a slow onset but a long duration of activity. Methyprylon and bemegride reached peak activity by 2.5 minutes; the former increased seizure threshold, whereas the latter was the only agent to decrease seizure threshold. Bemegride was the most toxic drug and amino-glutethimide the least toxic.
Integrated Circuit Decoder for the German Two-Channel TV Sound System using Switched Capacitor Techniques

Switched-capacitor techniques offer, in the right environment, the possibility to integrate entire processing sub-systems with practically no requirement for external components. An example of one such environment is the audio processing and condition identification environment in the German TV stereo sound system. Presented here is an I.C. which performs a complete sound processing and transmission status identification on one-chip. Stereoton* is produced in 5 micron silicon-gate CMOS. It operates at 12 volts D.C. and consumes 35 mA. M.P.U. control is through a 2-line bus.
SPECTERS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: Charles Taylor and the Problem of Historicism

This paper identifies and analyzes the problem of historicism in Charles Taylor's work overall, but with particular emphasis on his most recent publication, A Secular Age. I circumscribe the problem of historicism through reference to the nineteenth‐century German philosophical tradition in which it developed, in particular in the thought of Wilhelm Dilthey. I then trace the structural similarities between the notions of history to be found in the thought of Taylor and Dilthey and how these structural similarities raise worries associated with the problem of historicism. I argue that the structural aporia of historicism evident in Taylor's work brings to light a live philosophical problem that is basic to theoretical debates in the study religion.
On the recognition of occluded shapes and generic faces using multiple-template expansion matching

An approach for template matching by signal expansion into a set of nonorthogonal template-similar basis functions and its generalization to multiple templates is described. The single-template method is proven to be equivalent to restoration of undergraded images using the Wiener filter and optimizes a practically defined matching criterion called discriminative signal-to-noise ratio (DSNR). Compared to the matched filtering approach which optimizes the SNR, expansion matching is more robust in conditions of noise, superposition, and severe occlusion. The multiple-template expansion filter presented is generalized to match more than one template. It is also optimal in terms of DSNR. It can be designed to elicit any desired response for each of the templates. >
Concordance between self-reported and objective wakeup times in ambulatory salivary cortisol research.

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning has implications for physical and mental health. One important indicator of HPA axis functioning, the salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR), is sensitive to whether participants provide their samples at the requested times after waking. To examine the extent to which adolescents report morning wakeup times accurately, test the impact of inaccurate waketime reporting on compliance with a salivary cortisol sampling protocol designed to estimate the CAR, and to examine the implications of non-compliance for CAR estimates. In a sample of 91 late adolescents, objective waketimes determined using actigraphy were compared to self-reported waketimes. Associations between accuracy of waketimes and compliance with requested morning cortisol sampling timings (wakeup and 30 min post-awakening) were examined, as were implications of non-compliance for the size of the CAR. In terms of accuracy, 72% of self-reported waketimes were within 5 min and 90% were within 15 min of objective waketimes. Individuals who were more than 5 min discrepant in their waketime reporting, however, had a 90% decrease in their likelihood of being compliant—taking both morning cortisol samples within the requested time frames after waking. However, CARs were significantly lower only among individuals whose subjective and objective waketimes differed by more than 15 min. Self-reported waketimes were reasonably accurate when compared to objective estimates of time of waking. When available, however, estimates of compliance are improved by knowledge of objective waketimes, resulting in increased accuracy of CAR estimates.
Momentary Positive and Negative Affect Preceding Marijuana Use Events in Youth

Objective:Desire to self-regulate affect, including to maintain or enhance positive affect and to reduce negative affect, may be a primary motivation for marijuana use among young people. This study examined how positive and negative affect differ before marijuana use compared with other times.Method:Forty medical outpatients ages 15–24 years who used marijuana recreationally at least twice a week (M = 18.7 years; 58% female) reported momentary positive affect, negative affect, companionship, perceived ease of obtaining marijuana, and marijuana use several times a day for 2 weeks on a handheld computer. Mean momentary positive affect and negative affect scores in the 24 hours leading up to a marijuana use event (n = 294) were compared with affect scores in times further from subsequent use. Generalized estimating equation models considered as potential moderators perceived ease of obtaining marijuana and being with friends.Results:Positive affect did not differ in the 24 hours before marijuana use compare...
Tunable transducers as smart materials

A solid-state tunable transducer has been developed by incorporating an elastically nonlinear material, silicone rubber, into an electroacoustic transducer made from piezoelectric ceramics. The resonant frequency and mechanical Q of the transducer are tuned mechanically by applying a uniaxial compressive stress to the composite. The resonant frequency is tuned electrically by placing a piezoelectric actuator into the composite and varying the magnitude of the DC bias. >
Heterotrophic Bacteria and Bacterivorous Protozoa in Oceanic Macroaggregates

Oceanic macroaggregates (marine snow and Rhizosolenia mats) sampled from the Sargasso Sea are associated with bacterial and protozoan populations up to four orders of magnitude greater than those present in samples from the surrounding water. Filamentous, curved, and spiral bacteria constituted a higher proportion of the bacteria associated with the particles than were found among bacteria in the surrounding water. Protozoan populations were dominated numerically by heterotrophic microflagellates, but ciliates and amoebas were also observed. Macroaggregates are highly enriched heterotrophic microenvironments in the oceans and may be significant for the cycling of particulate organic matter in planktonic food chains.
Learning the Fuzzy Connectives of a Multilayer Network Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Fuzzy connectives provide a simple and yet a very flexible way to carry out multicriteria aggregation. Often in complex problems, the aggregation needs to be carried out at different hierarchical levels. Multilayer networks provide a natural and intuitive way for modeling such hierarchical decision making systems. In this paper we propose a novel, guided heuristic for learning the parameters of a multilayer network using particle swarm optimization. We also investigate the possibility of having multiple ways of aggregating the same information based on training data. Experiments are run by selecting several different topologies for the multilayer network. Also, a comparison is made between our method and another approach that uses back propagation for training
Toward an integration of parent and clinician report on the Young Mania Rating Scale.

Abstract Background: The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) has validity in the assessment of mania in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine how the YMRS might optimally be used in the assessment of youths. Methods: Children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 17 years of age participated in this study. All youths were evaluated with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS). Based on the K-SADS results, subjects were then assigned to one of five groups: a bipolar I group, another bipolar spectrum group, a depressive disorders group, a disruptive behaviors disorders group, and a no diagnosis group. Guardians completed a version of the YMRS modified for parent reporting. Clinicians completed the YMRS on all participating youths. Results: Both parent and clinician ratings on the YMRS assigned patients ( n =117) to the appropriate diagnostic group with 71–98% accuracy. Combining information from multiple informants did not significantly improve diagnostic group assignment. Limitations: The same raters completed the clinician YMRS and the K-SADS interview involving the parent. Findings need replication in an independent sample with lower base rates of bipolar disorder, less rigorously trained and supervised raters, and using a prospective design to provide maximum generalizability of results. Current results should be interpreted as a ‘best case’ scenario. Conclusions: These data suggest that the YMRS may be a useful adjunct in assessing the severity of mania in youths. Tentative cutting scores are proposed to maximize efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity.
The ESEV PDZ-Binding Motif of the Avian Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein Protects Infected Cells from Apoptosis by Directly Targeting Scribble

The NS1 protein from influenza A viruses contains a four-amino-acid sequence at its carboxyl terminus that is termed the PDZ-binding motif (PBM). The NS1 PBM is predicted to bind to cellular PDZ proteins and functions as a virulence determinant in infected mice. ESEV is the consensus PBM sequence of avian influenza viruses, while RSKV is the consensus sequence of human viruses. Currently circulating highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses encode an NS1 protein with the ESEV PBM. We identified cellular targets of the avian ESEV PBM and identified molecular mechanisms involved in its function. Using glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays, we found that the ESEV PBM enables NS1 to associate with the PDZ proteins Scribble, Dlg1, MAGI-1, MAGI-2, and MAGI-3. Because Scribble possesses a proapoptotic activity, we investigated the interaction between NS1 and Scribble. The association between NS1 and Scribble is direct and requires the ESEV PBM and two Scribble PDZ domains. We constructed recombinant H3N2 viruses that encode an H6N6 avian virus NS1 protein with either an ESEV or mutant ESEA PBM, allowing an analysis of the ESEV PBM in infections in mammalian cells. The ESEV PBM enhanced viral replication up to 4-fold. In infected cells, NS1 with the ESEV PBM relocalized Scribble into cytoplasmic puncta concentrated in perinuclear regions and also protected cells from apoptosis. In addition, the latter effect was eliminated by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated Scribble depletion. This study shows that one function of the avian ESEV PBM is to reduce apoptosis during infection through disruption of Scribble's proapoptotic function.
Quantification of liquid water accumulation and distribution in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using neutron imaging

Operating parameters, material properties and flow field geometry have a deterministic role on the water storage and distribution within the flow channels and porous media in a fuel cell. However, their effects are not yet precisely understood. In this study, extensive neutron imaging experiments were conducted to visualize and quantify the amount of liquid water in the fuel cell channels and diffusion media as a function of inlet gas flow rate, cell pressure and inlet relative humidity. A seven-channel parallel flow configuration PEFC was used to isolate these parameters from flow field switchback interaction effects. The neutron imaging experiments were performed at different inlet gas flow rates, operating cell pressures and inlet relative humidities. At each operating condition, the distribution of liquid water in the diffusion media under the lands, and in or under the channels was obtained. Furthermore, at three different cell pressures (0.2 MPa, 0.15 MPa and 0.1 MPa), liquid water distribution and quantification was obtained. The liquid water mass in the cell decreased with increasing pressure for over-humidified anode inlet conditions. Comparison of the fuel cell performance with the total liquid water mass in the cell indicates a non-monotonic relationship between liquid water content and performance. Furthermore, cell performance was highly sensitive to incremental changes in the membrane liquid water content.
Relative ( p , ε )-Approximations in Geometry

We re-examine the notion of relative (p,e)-approximations, recently introduced in Cohen et al. (Manuscript, 2006), and establish upper bounds on their size, in general range spaces of finite VC-dimension, using the sampling theory developed in Li et al. (J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 62:516–527, 2001) and in several earlier studies (Pollard in Manuscript, 1986; Haussler in Inf. Comput. 100:78–150, 1992; Talagrand in Ann. Probab. 22:28–76, 1994). We also survey the different notions of sampling, used in computational geometry, learning, and other areas, and show how they relate to each other. We then give constructions of smaller-size relative (p,e)-approximations for range spaces that involve points and halfspaces in two and higher dimensions. The planar construction is based on a new structure—spanning trees with small relative crossing number, which we believe to be of independent interest. Relative (p,e)-approximations arise in several geometric problems, such as approximate range counting, and we apply our new structures to obtain efficient solutions for approximate range counting in three dimensions. We also present a simple solution for the planar case.
Stem Cells in Drug Discovery, Tissue Engineering, and Regenerative Medicine: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges

Stem cells, irrespective of their origin, have emerged as valuable reagents or tools in human health in the past 2 decades. Initially, a research tool to study fundamental aspects of developmental biology is now the central focus of generating transgenic animals, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine to address degenerative diseases of multiple organ systems. This is because stem cells are pluripotent or multipotent cells that can recapitulate developmental paths to repair damaged tissues. However, it is becoming clear that stem cell therapy alone may not be adequate to reverse tissue and organ damage in degenerative diseases. Existing small-molecule drugs and biologicals may be needed as "molecular adjuvants" or enhancers of stem cells administered in therapy or adult stem cells in the diseased tissues. Hence, a combination of stem cell-based, high-throughput screening and 3D tissue engineering approaches is necessary to advance the next wave of tools in preclinical drug discovery. In this review, the authors have attempted to provide a basic account of various stem cells types, as well as their biology and signaling, in the context of research in regenerative medicine. An attempt is made to link stem cells as reagents, pharmacology, and tissue engineering as converging fields of research for the next decade.
Infection, inflammation and host carbohydrates: A Glyco-Evasion Hypothesis

Microbial immune evasion can be achieved through the expression, or mimicry, of host-like carbohydrates on the microbial cell surface to hide from detection. However, disparate reports collectively suggest that evasion could also be accomplished through the modulation of the host glycosylation pathways, a mechanism that we call the “Glyco-Evasion Hypothesis”. Here, we will summarize the evidence in support of this paradigm by reviewing three separate bodies of work present in the literature. We review how infection and inflammation can lead to host glycosylation changes, how host glycosylation changes can increase susceptibility to infection and inflammation and how glycosylation impacts molecular and cellular function. Then, using these data as a foundation, we propose a unifying hypothesis in which microbial products can hijack host glycosylation to manipulate the immune response to the advantage of the pathogen. This model reveals areas of research that we believe could significantly improve our fight against infectious disease.
A new method of sweat testing: the CF Quantum®sweat test.

Background Conventional methods of sweat testing are time consuming and have many steps that can and do lead to errors. This study compares conventional sweat testing to a new quantitative method, the CF Quantum® (CFQT) sweat test. This study tests the diagnostic accuracy and analytic validity of the CFQT.
The analysis of contingency tables under inequality constraints

This article surveys ways of taking order restrictions into account in the analysis of contingency tables. The methods are best suited for tables in which at least one classification is ordinal. Primary topics include (1) inequality constraints for parameters for a set of independent binomial random variables, (2) inequality constraints for odds ratios, (3) inequality constraints for parameters in loglinear or logit models, and (4) structured terms such as linear trends in loglinear and logit models. We discuss methods for contingency tables with two rows or two columns that result from comparing several binomial parameters or two multinomial distributions, two-way contingency tables with arbitrary numbers of rows and columns, multi-way contingency tables in which two-way analyses are relevant within levels of a stratification factor, and square contingency tables having the same categories in each dimension. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various order-restricted approaches and highlight possible problems for future research.
Impact of portal glucose delivery on glucose metabolism in conscious, unrestrained mice.

Previous studies in mice suggest that portal venous infusion of glucose at a low rate paradoxically causes hypoglycemia; this does not occur in dogs, rats, and humans. A possible explanation is tha...
Inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release in the generation of calcium oscillations in bovine eggs.

Bovine eggs exhibit repetitive rises in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in response to fertilization. The signaling pathways and Ca 2 release mechanisms involved in their generation are not well characterized. This study examined the presence of a GTP-binding protein (G-protein) signaling pathway as well as the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor (InsP3R)-mediated Ca 2+ release and ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated Ca 2+ release, the two Ca 2+ receptors/channels most often thought to participate in the generation of [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations, by injecting appropriate agonists and antagonists and monitoring their effects on Ca 2+ release and pronucleus formation. Injection of guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγ[S]), which promotes G-protein-mediated phosphoinositide turnover, induced, at high concentrations, repetitive [Ca 2+ ] i rises. Low concentrations of GTPγ[S] were ineffective. Injection of inositol trisphosphorothioate (InsP3S3), a nonmetabolizable analogue of InsP3, evoked an immediate Ca 2+ release followed by [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations. The GTPγ[S]-and InsP3S3-induced oscillations showed a rapid attenuation in amplitude and were terminated in about 30-60 min. Thimerosal, a thiol oxidizing agent, caused repetitive rises in [Ca 2+ ] i by sensitizing Ca 2+ injection-induced Ca 2+ release. Injection of ryanodine, which stimulates Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release via the RyR, did not induce [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations ; and eggs into which it was preinjected exhibited normal [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations in response to thimerosal. Preinjection of heparin, a competitive InsP3R antagonist, blocked in a dose-dependent manner the Ca 2+ response to InsP3 and thimerosal, and its injection into fertilized oscillating eggs inhibited [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations in all eggs. Heparin also inhibited pronucleus formation after insemination. Preinjection of guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDPβ[S]), a G-protein antagonist, had similar effects. Together, these results suggest that the InsP3R-mediated Ca 2+ release mechanism plays an important role in the generation of fertilization-associated [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations and egg activation in bovine eggs. The data also suggest the participation of a G-protein pathway during fertilization.
Riding the Second Wave of Research on Dating Anxiety: Commentary on Chorney and Morris (2008)

After a decrease in publication rates on the topic through the 1990s, the article by Chorney and Morris (2008) represents a renewed interest in the construct of dating anxiety fueled by both clinical and developmental researchers. This commentary discusses the importance of the article by placing it in historical context while adding to the call for the assessment of dating anxiety and related constructs in diverse populations. The possible relation between dating anxiety and heterosocial competence during adolescence and young adulthood is also considered. Moreover, researchers are encouraged to look at the broader spectrum of problematic heterosocial situations in addition to dating anxiety. Finally, recommendations for directions of future research are detailed.
Quantitative recovery of sulfonamides from chicken liver, beef liver, and egg yolk via modified supercritical carbon dioxide

Solutions of supercritical CO2 modified with 5, 10, and 20% methanol, ethanol, acetone, and acetonitrile were compared for the extraction of sulfonamides from fortified chicken liver. The results showed both 20% acetone-modified CO2 and 20% acetonitrile-modified CO2 were capable of quantitatively extracting sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoxaline, and sulfadimethoxine, whereas 20% ethanol- and 20% methanol-modified CO2 were found to be less efficient. Acetonitrile-modified CO2 however, produced fewer chromatographic interferences than acetone, making quantitation easier. Sub-ppm levels of the three analytes were shown to be quantitatively extracted from chicken liver with 20% acetonitrile modifier. Also, quantitative recovery was obtained with spiked beef liver samples employing 20% acetone modifier, and greater than 90% recovery was obtained for two of the three with 20% acetonitrile-modified CO2, while either 20% acetone- or 20% acetonitrile-modified CO2 was found to yield quantitative recovery from egg yolk. ...
Factors which differentiate cocaine users in treatment from nontreatment users.

This study compares a sample of cocaine users in drug treatment programs to a sample of cocaine users not in treatment. These samples were compared on: (1) level of cocaine use, (2) consequences of use, (3) employment, (4) social support system, and (5) criminal behavior. These attributes were related to being in treatment. Among intermediate-level cocaine users, friendship patterns, employment, and criminal history were associated with treatment status. The implications for the treatment of cocaine use are addressed.
Prepackaged Injectable Soft-Tissue Rejuvenation of the Hand and Other Nonfacial Areas

The presence of soft tissue fillers in aesthetic surgery has grown exponentially since the introduction of botulinum toxin A into the aesthetic environment in the early 1990s. Representative soft tissue fillers currently seen in clinician offices include collagens (Cosmoplast®, Zyderm®, Zyplast®), hyaluronic acid compounds (Captique®, HylaForm®, HylaForm Plus®, Juvederm®, Restylane®, Perlane®), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA; Sculptra®), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA; Artefill®), and calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA; Radiesse®). The last filler mentioned here is a soft tissue filler increasingly referenced in the clinical literature and the one described in detail herein for the soft tissue augmentation of nonfacial areas.
History is No Guide: Towards Greatly Expanded Financial Sector Regulation (In Chinese)

A Chinese language, partial, translation of a much longer paper addressing the roots of the Global Financial Crisis 2008-2009, examining proposed structural and regulatory remedies worldwide but with particular reference to the PRC financial sector and its pre-Financial Crisis reform program, and advocating for increased liberalization in the PRC, but renewed macro-prudential regulation globally.
As a Team or by a Tournament? Incentives for Information Learning Among Female Farmers in Rural Uganda

This paper studies how competitive versus team incentives compare in motivating smallholder female farmers in Uganda to learn and share information relevant to adopting a new agricultural technology (Vasilaky, 2013). We look at the tradeoff between maximizing the total amount of knowledge learned, without control over which specific facts are retained, to the ability to transmit very specific information with high reliability or probability of success. The task within our game is to learn and share agricultural information concerning cotton growing, within groups of female farmers. Participants shared information that they learned across three rounds: a round without incentives, a round with team incentives, and a round with tournament incentives. We show that performance (total information points correctly learned) under tournament incentives first order stochastically dominates (FOSDs) performance under team incentives. However, this finding is reversed when we look at the probability that a particular information point is learned. Team incentives are a better mechanism at ensuring the transmission of particular information rather than maximizing the total volume of information transmission. These results hold even after controlling for players' initial effort levels and their randomly assigned network size in the game. While competitive incentives resulted in a larger volume of information transmitted, team incentives were more effective at ensuring the transmission of particular information.
Youth Voice Matters: Perceptions of Facility-Wide PBIS Implementation in Secure Residential Juvenile Facilities

AbstractThe implementation of the positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) framework within secure juvenile facilities is on the rise; however, there is minimal research regarding stakeholder views of PBIS, especially from the youth perspective, within these facilities. This article provides a summary of focus groups conducted across eight secure juvenile facilities in which PBIS was implemented and youth perspective was assessed. Focus groups were conducted with 3–5 youth from each facility using a standard set of questions to determine youth views of PBIS. The authors present themes identified using the constant comparative method in relation to facilitators and barriers to PBIS implementation. In addition, findings are discussed in relation to high-, mid-, and low-performing facilities in relation to fidelity of implementation; as well as youth suggestions for improving PBIS. Limitations as well as future directions are discussed.
Selective Periodic Component Carrier Assignment Technique in LTE and LTE-A Systems

Internet usage over mobile devices is on the rise. The bandwidth demand for mobile Internet access is also increasing with the number of mobile users. To answer users' demand, carrier aggregation is proposed in LTE-A system. In carrier aggregation, the best available one or more component carriers of each band are assigned to each user to provide efficient services. Several works have been reported in the literature on mandatory and periodic component carrier assignment methods. Although the previous works, especially periodic component carrier assignment methods, have significantly improved performance of LTE and LTE- A systems, many limitations still exist. One limitation of previous works is that data transfer is interrupted during periodic component carrier assignment operation which can decrease performance of the system. Therefore, in this paper, selective periodic component carrier assignment technique which allows continues data transfer during periodic carrier assignment operations is proposed. Results show that the proposed technique increases throughput rate up to 25% and decreases average delay time up to 35%.
Keeping Bats in Captivity

During the past ten years the writer, assisted by Mary Louise Perry, Berta B. Kessel and Jacqueline Schonewald, has been keeping bats in captivity for purposes of study. As a result, certain techniques have been developed which may be of use to others who find it necessary to maintain these animals for research. Several hundred bats representing 12 species were kept for periods varying from months to years. The species involved were: little brown myotis ( Myotis lucifugus ), Yuma myotis ( M. yumanensis ), fringed myotis ( M. thysanodes ), Indiana myotis ( M. sodalis ), California myotis ( M. californicus ), Mexican fish-eating bat ( Pizonyx vivesi ), big brown bat ( Eptesicus fuscus ), red bat ( Lasiurus borealis ), hoary bat ( L. cinereus ), western lump-nosed bat ( Corynorhinus rafinesquii ), pallid bat ( Antrozous pallidus ) and Mexican free-tail bat ( Tadarida mexicana ). All individuals except those belonging to two species were secured in northern or central California. The Indiana myotis were captured by Wayne H. Davis in West Virginia and the fish-eating bats by Prentice Bloedel near Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. Field methods .—Before discussing the care of bats in the laboratory a few suggestions might be in order regarding the capture of these animals in the field for live study. Considerable care should be exerted to avoid injuring bats at such times. Although they are rather hardy creatures, an injured individual has less chance of survival than one that has not been hurt. Most bat collectors make use of long-handled insect nets and long forceps (10–12 inches) for catching bats in daytime roosts. Dexterity in the use of both these tools is a great advantage. The net should not be used as a fly swatter to produce concussion which may ultimately cause death nor should forceps be used in such a way as to tear flight membranes or cause dislocations. Another method of collecting bats involves …
The effect of selective JNK inhibitor on IL-6 in the lung of the asthmatic mice

Objective To study the effect of selective c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) inhibitor on interleukin-2(IL-6) in the lung of the asthmatic mice. Methods 30 BALB / c mice were randomly divided into control group, asthmatic group and SP600125(selective JNK inhibitor)group on average. The asthmatic mice model was established by the inhalation of ovalbumin,and all animals were sacrificed after treatment. The expression of IL-6 in lung of mice was observed by immunohistochemistry and western blot methods. Results The mean optic density(MOD) of IL-6 was significantly higher in lung of the asthmatic mice than in thelcontrol group(0.71±0.11 vs 0.23±0.03, P 0.01) by means of immunohistochemistry; compared with the asthmatic group, The MOD of IL-6 was significantly lower(0.46±0.07 vs 0.71±0.11, P 0.01). The mean optic density(MOD) of IL-6was significantly higher in lung of the asthmatic mice than in thelcontrol group(0.62±0.09 vs 0.16±0.02, P 0.01) by means of western blot method; compared with the asthmatic group, the MOD of IL-6 was significantly lower(0.37±0.05 vs 0.62±0.09, P 0.01). Conclusion Selective JNK inhibitor could down-regulate the expression of IL-6 in the lung of the asthmatic mice.
Designing a Mental Health Education Program for South Asian International Students in United States

Migration predisposes international students to problems related to mental health. Students from Asia experience a totally different culture when they move to the United States. Within Asia there are several heterogeneous subgroups and one such group is that of South Asians or the students from the Indian Subcontinent that share somewhat similar culture. Often due to achievement of academic success this group is considered a “model minority” group but that is not the case when we see mental health issues. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify predictors of mental health and psychological well being in the migrant student populations from South Asia and design recommendations for a health education intervention for this population. An extensive search of CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, and Google scholar was done. It was found that predictors have been classified into three main research domains: personal growth, subjective well being, and those related to stress resistant personality. A more pragmatic classification was done that classified the factors into easily modifiable and non modifiable groups with a further break down into individual and environmental factors. For designing health education interventions modifiable individual level modifiable constructs such as acculturation, competence, coping, English proficiency, life satisfaction, religiosity, self esteem, social efficacy, and social support, must be targeted one at a time. Efforts must be made to build skills as opposed to mere cognitive development and the health education interventions must be culturally competent.
CRF type 1 receptor antagonism in ventral tegmental area of adolescent rats during social defeat: prevention of escalated cocaine self-administration in adulthood and behavioral adaptations during adolescence

Background Activation of corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptors (CRF-R1) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) represents a critical mechanism for social defeat to escalate cocaine self-administration in adult rats.
Above-threshold dissociation in CO2+ at high frequencies

One of the more conspicuous nonlinear effects associated with atoms and molecules in the presence of intense fields is excess photon absorption in the continuum. Excess photon absorption manifests itself in two very prominent ways, above-threshold ionization (ATI) and above-threshold dissociation (ATD). Similar to its electronic counterpart, ATD corresponds to the situation in which the diatomic system absorbs more photons than the minimum necessary to dissociate. This gives rise to an ion spectrum punctuated with peaks spaced by a fixed fraction of the photon energy, which depends on the relative mass of two departing fragments. Although ATI has been observed in a variety of atomic systems and even in molecular systems, ATD has previously been reported only in Hf . In this paper we describe what we believe to be the first observation of ATD in a system other than HT, i.e., CO2*. ATD is structure sensitive and, hence, wavelength sensitive. Although apparently not seen at lower frequencies, ATD is observable at high frequency, λ = 193 nm (6.4 eV). As is discussed, ATD is supported by a strong asymmetric dissociation channel, and by asymmetric we mean
Psychosocial Genetic Counseling in the Post-Nondirective Era: A Point of View

For three decades nondirectiveness has served as the central ethos for genetic counseling. It has evolved from narrow definitions defining what should not be done to broad definitions that promote active counseling skills in support of client autonomy and informed decision making. As broad definitions have been formulated, the term “nondirective” has become largely irrelevant to their content; it persists primarily as a historic relic. It has thus become an impediment to creative theory and clinical practice. I propose that nondirectiveness be replaced as the central ethos, while relevant components (providing balanced information, not imposing the counselor's values) are retained as elements of practice and ethics. This raises the question of what principle(s) should be adopted as a new guiding ethos. To promote a discussion of that issue I propose that the central ethos of genetic counseling should be to bring the psychosocial component into every aspect of the work.
On the Two Voices of the Birds in Birds

In his 1980 article ‘Aristophanes as a Lyric Poet’, Michael Silk argued that Aristophanes' lyrics, widely admired as jewels of Greek poetry, were overrated. He faulted them above all for lack of intellectual point and profundity, for a generic, timeless lyricism that lacked a genuine metaphysical dimension. To the hoopoe's song in Birds , for example, he juxtaposed Pindar's famous— ( Pythian 8.95-97) Creatures of a day! What is someone? What is no one? Man: a shadow's dream. But when god-given glory comes a bright light shines upon us and our life is sweet. (tr. Frank J. Nisetich)
Case Study Three

Callie had the lowest number of tweets during the semester when she tweeted for a course, but she did not have the most negative response. She tweeted seven total times during the semester and used the course hashtag only four times. Those four times were course-specific assignments such as sharing possible research questions. She did not retweet to the course hashtag. Her profile picture depicted her playing volleyball.
Role of Virtual Double Delta Components in Nuclei

A quark-model-based meson-exchange picture leads to a nonlocal short range nucleon-nucleon attraction, due to virtual double delta components, in addition to the well known π, σ, ρ, and Δ exchange interactions. In contrast to traditional approaches to nuclear forces, there are no strong short range anti-correlations between baryons in spite of the Δ induced repulsion, though there may well be anti-correlations between nucleons alone. This approach leads to significant repulsive three-body interactions in nuclei, and also to momentum-dependent short range effective NN interactions. It is expected that Hartree-Fock calculations for finite nuclei will be simpler than with traditional interactions.
Dynamics of BAF-Polycomb complex opposition on heterochromatin in normal and oncogenic states

The opposition between Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) and BAF (mSWI/SNF) complexes has a critical role in both development and disease. Mutations in the genes encoding BAF subunits contribute to more than 20% of human malignancies, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, owing largely to a lack of assays to assess BAF function in living cells. To address this, we have developed a widely applicable recruitment assay system through which we find that BAF opposes PRC by rapid, ATP-dependent eviction, leading to the formation of accessible chromatin. The reversal of this process results in reassembly of facultative heterochromatin. Surprisingly, BAF-mediated PRC eviction occurs in the absence of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) occupancy, transcription, and replication. Further, we find that tumor-suppressor and oncogenic mutant BAF complexes have different effects on PRC eviction. The results of these studies define a mechanistic sequence underlying the resolution and formation of facultative heterochromatin, and they demonstrate that BAF opposes PRC on a minute-by-minute basis to provide epigenetic plasticity.