cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Numerically Stable Dynamic Mode Decomposition Algorithm for Nearly Defective Systems

The potential for numerical instabilities of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), which assumes the completeness of the eigenspace is discussed for cases where the underlying system is defective or nearly defective. A numerically stable approach based on Schur decomposition is presented. The proposed method complements the DMD for cases where eigendecomposition is ill-conditioned. Both mathematical analysis and the results of numerical experiments are presented.
Design space exploration for comparing embodied carbon in tall timber structural systems

Abstract This paper describes a parametric framework for early-stage tall timber design, which enables a comparison across a range of geometries with respect to embodied carbon of the main structural elements for two mass timber structural systems: post-beam-panel and post-and-platform. This research finds that the post-beam-panel system on average has a higher embodied carbon that increases faster as the building height increases. In both structural systems, the floors are a major contributor to the embodied carbon. The framework can inform higher resolution decisions, help designers detect broad trends and relationships in the tall timber design space, and allow designers to adapt geometries and immediately assess the impact on the embodied carbon. For each geometry, the embodied carbon of both structural systems can be compared to determine which system is more appropriate. Within each structural system, the timber elements with the largest material volume can be identified, and alternative materials can be considered. As a result, the framework permits designers to make simultaneous decisions on the structural system and the geometry from the perspective of both aesthetic and embodied carbon performance. By providing guidance and feedback on early-stage design, this paper aims to increase the recognition and application of timber as a structural material for large-scale construction.
The Orientation of First-Year Students to Success: Recognizing the Need for Change

There are many different views of success. This context is important for first year students to understand “the need” for the need to change. It may be a great experience, high school preparation, advising, finances, psycho-social fit, academic and social support, global relation, and mentor programs. Due to the class training and preparation in high school, the K–12 experience of first-year students is a predictor of success but not the potential for success, (U.S. Government Publishing Office: Reauthorizing the Higher Education Act: access and innovation: hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, second session, on examining reauthorizing the Higher Education Act, focusing on access and innovation, January 25, 2018, 2020). One predictor of success is advising due to the teaching and learning that takes place within this relationship. Another predictor of success is finances. As discussed in Chap. 1, reduced financial aid, rising tuition costs, and the need to balance work with class and studying can impede student success. Psycho-social fit, as discussed in Chaps. 2 and 3, strongly affects student success as do academic and social support, which include mentoring programs.
Introduction to the Book

This book is based on lectures that I delivered in the one semester, graduate-level course Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (10.40) in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). For my teaching of 10.40, I was awarded the Outstanding Teaching Award by the graduate students nine times. Encouraged and motivated by repeated requests from my 10.40 students, in 2016, I finally decided to write this book which is based on my lecture notes, supplemented by many solved sample problems which help crystallize the material taught.
User Behavior and Market Developments Towards Data Protection

Contrary to most articles that have been recently written about data protection and dominant technology firms, this paper suggests that no direct government intervention is needed. Market forces are empowering the users who really care about their privacy rights; now users have privacy-oriented alternatives to the apps they were historically dependent upon, and they have been taking advantage of those alternatives. Firms have realized that privacy is a non-price dimension of competition and they can attract users by offering more privacy: the privacy features implemented in the new versions of Apple iOS and Google Android are good examples. Also, privacy-oriented apps have been able to capture users who are not satisfied with the data handling practices of dominant firms, with those dominant firms being a channel for the expansion of their privacy-oriented rivals. Those market developments, which indicate a potential creative destruction, should not be disregarded by legal scholars and policymakers. This article discusses recent trends towards data protection and applicable legal and public policy implications.
An embedded read only memory architecture with a complementary and two interchangeable power/performance design points

This paper focuses on the features of a 0.13 /spl mu/m embedded, compilable read only memory (ROM). A complementary array cell is described which increases and maintains signal margins across array sizes despite the ever-increasing capacitive coupling effects and lower voltages of each succeeding technology generation. A new architecture is described which allows a customer to switch between two different power/performance design points while only changing the metal wiring in the ROM via a compiler. Hardware data is presented which illustrates the success of the array design and difference between the two power/performance design points.
The production of acute pericardial effusion: The effects of various degrees of interference with venous blood and lymph drainage from the heart muscle in the dog

Abstract Obstruction to the venous blood and lymph outflow from the heart muscle leads to the formation of a pericardial effusion originating primarily from the epicardial surface of the heart (the visceral pericardium). The degree of effusion is proportionate to the extent of interference with the venous blood and lymph flow. Pathologic changes found in the myocardium include venous and lymphatic congestion, perivascular and interstitial edema, and early myocardial necrosis. These studies have defined a method of producing an acute pericardial effusion in the dog and clarify certain aspects of the mechanism of formation of pericardial effusions. It is considered likely that all pericardial effusions, irrespective of cause, arise primarily from the epicardial surface (visceral pericardium) of the heart.
Health Communication and Caregiving Research, Policy, and Practice

In the inaugural issue of Health Communication, Jon Nussbaum (Health Communication 1:35–40, 1989) commented that evidence strongly suggests, “health communication as a legitimate field of inquiry has finally arrived.” In the same issue, Gary Kreps (Health Communication 1:11–15, 1989) asked, “What difference can the field of health communication make to the public?” (p. 35). Since then, health communication scholars have been contributing to the answer from a variety of perspectives. Leading health communication scholar and editor of Health Communication, Teri Thompson states that health communication deals with health care related environments that give meaning to health status by assuming and defining its cause (Thompson, Explaining illness: Research, theory, and strategies 3–40, 2000). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000), in achieving the Healthy People 2010/2020 initiatives to educate the public on the nation’s major health priorities, put forth this definition of health communication:
Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care

One role of the pediatric gastroenterologist is to help adolescents become self-sufficient as they approach an age when they will shift care to adult medicine. From surveys of adult gastroenterologists, there is a need for significant improvement in transition of care. These surveys discovered that over half of the young patients moving from pediatric providers have deficits in their knowledge about their disease, and 69 % could not provide their medical regimen. Planning for successful transition should include starting early in adolescence, asking family and healthcare providers to foster independence, and confirming with the young adult that there is a desire to become self-sufficient. Education should begin by 12–14 years of age and laying a foundation for independence by 14–17 years. By age 17–18 years the focus should be on self-management and healthy life styles. Parents and the pediatric medical team all have to be encouraged to participate in this process if transition is to be successful. At the time of transfer of care it is important to provide all of the important history and prior treatment for the adult gastroenterologist to make sure adequate care continues. It is also useful to follow-up to be sure the young adult patient has transitioned successfully and is continuing to receive ongoing care.
Vanadium[ethyl tricyanoethylene carboxylate]x: a new organic-based magnet

We present the synthesis of a new high Curie temperature (Tc ∼ 145 K) organic-based magnet with composition V[ETCEC]1.3·0.3 CH2Cl2 formed by the reaction of ethyl tricyanoethylenecarboxylate (ETCEC) with V(CO)6 in CH2Cl2. Analysis of the IR spectrum indicates that all nitrile and carbonyl oxygen are coordinated to V(II) sites. Temperature-, field-, and frequency-dependent measurements of the magnetization reveal complex magnetic behavior with a magnetic transition into a more disordered state. Application of the random anisotropy model (RMA) shows that this disordered state is different from the correlated spin glass (CSG) phase observed in analogous organic-based magnets V[MeTCEC]x and V[TCNE]x synthesized in CH2Cl2. This suggests that V[ETCEC]x is less disordered than its analogues, which can be attributed to the slower reaction rate. This result provides a new partner to MeTCEC and TCNE based materials for the exploration of all-organic magnetic heterostructures.
Separation of c8 aromatic isomers by pervaporation through commercial polymer films

nl_l_l_ 1 _,l_ ^__._ Al_ L.. ----_-:r:__.I? L..-:__l c\ ^._L J?__._-_I 1__ vault! I bnuws km3 Zi~prOxii-iltUIIIIJUSILIUI~ 01 a ~y~~icai ~#s CUL l~unu i~i reformate together with the normal boiling points and the relative volatility for different binary combinations of the CB aromatics to emphasize the challenging problem that the separation of these compounds presents. Industrial recovery of these compounds in relatively pure form is now achieved by superfractionation, fractional crystallization, adsorption, or a combination of these methods. However, these processes are very complex and, in general, energy intensive. Simpler, more efficient processes to make these separations would be very desirable.
A potent opiate agonist protects against myocardial stunning during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rats.

OBJECTIVE Opioids have a cardioprotective effect during ischemia. Previously, we showed in an ex-vivo model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion that 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2, a highly potent and long-acting opioid peptide analgesic with fewer side effects than morphine, provides improved cardioprotection compared with morphine. The purpose of this study was to confirm, in an in-vivo model, the cardioprotective effect of 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2. METHODS Rats (n=6/group) were randomized to 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 therapy (intravenous 10 nmol bolus 30 min before ligation and 10 nmol/h continuous infusion), morphine (100 nmol bolus and 100 nmol/h infusion), or placebo, and underwent left anterior descending (LAD) ligation for 10 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min. Continuous transesophageal echocardiogram and electrocardiogram were monitored. Fractional shortening and systolic wall thickening of the ischemic area were calculated. Time to recovery of left ventricular function was the duration of time needed for fractional shortening to recover to 90% of baseline following reperfusion. Duration of reperfusion arrhythmia was the time to the cessation of salvo (at least three consecutive premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)) following reperfusion. RESULTS Time to recovery of left ventricular function was significantly shorter in the 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 (4.4+/-2.2 min) and morphine groups (6.0+/-2.5 min) than in the controls (10.5+/-2.2 min; p<0.01). The 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 group showed significantly higher fractional shortening and systolic wall thickening of the ischemic area than the control group. Duration of reperfusion arrhythmia was also significantly shorter in the 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 (2.8+/-1.7 min) and morphine groups (5.8+/-3.9 min) than in the controls (11.8+/-2.0 min; p<0.05). CONCLUSION 2',6'-Dimethyltyrosine-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 provides a cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in vivo.
Characterization of a human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line (UCLA RO 82 W-1)

A thyroid tumor cell line has been established from the metastases of a follicular carcinoma in a female patient. Although the primary tumor released thyroglobulin (Tg) into the circulation (greater than 10,000 ng/ml), the uptake of I131 was less than 2%. After 37 replications the doubling time was 4 days and confluency was reached after 7 days from inoculation of 3 x 10(7) cells. This human thyroid tumor cell line has now been growing in culture for several years. An aneuploid chromosomal pattern was observed (62-82 chromosomes). A pair of X chromosomes was present but no Y chromosome was found which is compatible with the female origin of the cell line. EM studies revealed the presence of microvilli. Immunoperoxidase staining using specific anti-human Tg antisera indicated the presence of Tg within the cells. Nude mice developed solid-cystic tumors within 6 months after injection of the cells. The basal release of immunodetectable Tg, as measured in a perifusion system, increased in response to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (P less than 0.025) or TSH combined with theophylline (P less than 0.001). Unusual isoenzyme patterns for galactose-1-phosphate-uridyltransferase (GALT) and phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM1) were detected in the tumor, compared with normal human fibroblasts and blood cells and isoenzyme patterns from the patient's lymphocytes. Because this malignant human thyroid follicular cell line has retained the ability to synthesize Tg it represents a valuable model for the study of human follicular carcinomas.
ELEMENTS OF THE BRUECKNER--GOLDSTONE THEORY OF NUCLEAR MATTER.

The basic ideas of the Brueckner-Goldstone theory of nuclear matter are presented in a simple way. The treatment is aimed at beginners and nonspecialists. It is supposed to provide the necessary background for the review article by Bethe and Rajaraman which follows this paper. Therefore, the discussion is limited to a few important topics, and these are considered in some detail.The Goldstone expansion is presented (but not derived) and the construction and evaluation of the Goldstone diagrams are explained. The reaction matrix and the correlated two-body wave function are defined, and their properties are discussed. The reference-spectrum method for calculating the reaction matrix is derived, and its use is illustrated. Finally, the related topics of convergence and the definition of single-particle energies are considered. The choice of the single-particle potential energy for occupied states is treated in detail. (Intermediate-state energies will be discussed by Bethe and Rajaraman.) The reason for the divergence of the perturbation series for the binding energy is exhibited; and this series is rearranged into a convergent expansion, for which the density plays the role of small parameter.
The effects of the N atom collective Lamb shift on single photon superradiance

Abstract The problem of single photon collective spontaneous emission, a.k.a. superradiance, from N atoms prepared by a single photon pulse of wave vector k 0 has been the subject of recent interest. It has been shown that a single photon absorbed uniformly by the N atoms will be followed by spontaneous emission in the same direction [M. Scully, E. Fry, C.H.R. Ooi, K. Wodkiewicz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 010501; M. Scully, Laser Phys. 17 (2007) 635]; and in extensions of this work we have found a new kind of cavity QED in which the atomic cloud acts as a cavity containing the photon [A.A. Svidzinsky, J.T. Chang, M.O. Scully, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008) 160504]. In most of our studies, we have neglected virtual photon (“Lamb shift”) contributions. However, in a recent interesting paper, Friedberg and Mannassah [R. Friedberg, J.T. Manassah, Phys. Lett. A 372 (2008) 2514] study the effect of virtual photons investigating ways in which such effects can modify the time dependence and angular distributions of collective single photon emission. In the present Letter, we show that such virtual transitions play no essential role in our problem. The conclusions of [M. Scully, E. Fry, C.H.R. Ooi, K. Wodkiewicz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 010501; M. Scully, Laser Phys. 17 (2007) 635; A.A. Svidzinsky, J.T. Chang, M.O. Scully, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008) 160504] stand as published. However, the N atom Lamb shift is an interesting problem in its own right and we here extend previous work both analytically and numerically.
Iron imports. IV. Hepcidin and regulation of body iron metabolism

Hepcidin, a small peptide synthesized in the liver, controls extracellular iron by regulating its intestinal absorption, placental transport, recycling by macrophages, and release from stores. Hepcidin inhibits the cellular efflux of iron by binding to and inducing the degradation of ferroportin, the sole iron exporter in iron-transporting cells. In turn, hepcidin synthesis is increased by iron loading and decreased by anemia and hypoxia. Hepcidin is markedly induced during inflammation, trapping iron in macrophages, decreasing plasma iron concentrations, and contributing to the anemia of inflammation. Hepcidin deficiency due to the dysregulation of its synthesis causes most known forms of hemochromatosis.
Characterization of ultra-fast deposited polycrystalline graphite by a CO2 laser-assisted combustion-flame method

Abstract High deposition rate, 750 μm/min, crystalline graphite was deposited on WC substrates by a CO 2 laser-assisted combustion-flame method at laser powers between 300 and 800 W. The structures, which were identified as pillars, were characterized by various methods. The pillars were cylindrical in shape and grew to a size of approximately 3 mm in length and in a few minutes. The laser power did not affect the overall length of the pillar, but caused changes in the physical shape. X-ray and electron diffraction results revealed the pillars to be crystalline graphite regardless of the laser power. Investigation of the pillars by scanning electron microscopy showed two distinct microstructural areas: an inner core of dense material surrounded by an outer shell of lamellar-like material. The core/shell microstructure was unaffected by the level of CO 2 laser power.
In Vivo Ultrasound Thermography in Presence of Temperature Heterogeneity and Natural Motions

Real-time ultrasound thermography has been recently demonstrated on commercially available diagnostic imaging probes. In vitro experimental results demonstrate high sensitivity to small, localized temperature changes induced by subtherapeutic focused ultrasound. Most of the published results, however, are based on a thermally induced echo strain model that assumes infinitesimal change in temperature between imaging frames. Under this assumption, the echo strain is computed using a low-pass axial differentiator, which is implemented by a finite-impulse response digital filter. In this paper, we introduce a new model for temperature estimation, which employs a recursive axial filter that acts as a spatial differentiator–integrator of echo shifts. The filter is derived from first principles and it accounts for a nonuniform temperature baseline, when computing the spatial temperature change between two frames. This is a major difference from the previously proposed infinitesimal echo strain filter ( $\delta$ -ESF) approach. We show that the new approach can be implemented by a first-order infinite-impulse response digital filter with depth-dependent spatial frequency response. Experimental results in vitro demonstrate the advantages over the $\delta$ -ESF approach in terms of suppressing the spatial variations in the estimated temperature without resorting to ad hoc low-pass filtering of echo strains. The performance of the new recursive echo strain filter (RESF) is also illustrated using echo data obtained during subtherapeutic localized heating in the hind limb of Copenhagen rat in vivo . In addition to the RESF, we have used an adaptive spatial filter to remove motion and deformation artifacts during real-time data collection. The adaptive filtering algorithm is described and comparisons with uncompensated estimated spatio-temporal temperature profiles are given. The results demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo ultrasound thermography with high sensitivity and specificity.
A computer algorithm for the convenient normal-coordinate analysis of molecules with redundant coordinates

Abstract The traditional way of handling the vibrational problem in molecules with redundant internal coordinates becomes algebraically cumbersome when applied to larger molecules. The problem is much simpler when transformed into Cartesian coordinates since there are no redundancies in this space. This transformation is, however, nonlinear and therefore the linear internal-coordinate force constants contribute to the quadratic Cartesian ones and must be included. If the linear internal-coordinate force constants are known in advance, the solution of the normal-coordinate problem in Cartesian space is straightforward. This, unfortunately, is seldom the case. A new algorithm is proposed which allows the linear internal-coordinate force constants to be determined from a knowledge that the equilibrium configuration corresponds to a total minimum in the potential energy and a number of additional constraints equal to the number of redundant internal coordinates. This algebraically simple algorithm is shown to be fully equivalent to the more conventional ones.
The Quantitative Effects of a Dam upon the Bottom Fauna of a Small California Stream

Abstract The effect of a dam upon the bottom-fauna production of Stevens Creek was tested for a 9-month period. The function of this dam being to catch flood waters and subsequently release them gradually, it has reduced the variations in water flow of the rainy season and has brought about a marked change in the physical appearance of the stream bed below the dam. Production of bottom organisms, both in number and weight, was much greater in the area below the dam than above. A sharp, spring peak of production occurred on March 1 in both of the sampling areas. The period of minimum production coincided with the periods of greatest fluctuations in flow and lowest water temperatures. The greatest extremes of flow and temperature took place above the dam. The population above the dam fell to a much lower point during the period of minimum production than did the population below the dam. Three types of aquatic insect larvae formed 81.3 percent of the total number of organisms taken. Caddicefly larvae contri...
Induction of interferon-stimulated genes by Simian virus 40 T antigens

Abstract Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (TAg) is a multifunctional oncoprotein essential for productive viral infection and for cellular transformation. We have used microarray analysis to examine the global changes in cellular gene expression induced by wild-type T antigen (TAg wt ) and TAg-mutants in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). The expression profile of approximately 800 cellular genes was altered by TAg wt and a truncated TAg (TAg N136 ), including many genes that influence cell cycle, DNA-replication, transcription, chromatin structure and DNA repair. Unexpectedly, we found a significant number of immune response genes upregulated by TAg wt including many interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as ISG56, OAS, Rsad2, Ifi27 and Mx1. Additionally, we also observed activation of STAT1 by TAg wt . Our genetic studies using several TAg-mutants reveal an unexplored function of TAg and indicate that the LXCXE motif and p53 binding are required for the upregulation of ISGs.
Bidirectional thermotherapy for choroidal melanoma

Sir, An 81-year-old male had recurrence of choroidal melanoma after three sessions of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and double freeze-thaw cryotherapy once over a 7-year period. At initial presentation in 2003, the melanoma had a thickness of 1.9 mm without scleral extension or involvement of ciliary body or optic nerve. He refused plaque brachytherapy because he was monocular since childhood after enucleation secondary to trauma. Initial treatment therefore was TTT followed by transscleral cryotherapy at 4 months later. Recurrences in 2007 and 2009, heralded by increased pigmentation at the edge of previously treated areas, were treated with repeat TTT. Visual acuity was 20/25 in 2010 at the time of the most recent recurrence (Figures 1a and b). There was no evidence of extrascleral extension or metastases. The patient again declined plaque brachytherapy because of concerns regarding vision loss. He underwent intraoperative TTT with concurrent transscleral diode laser thermotherapy (TDT). TDT was carried out using indirect ophthalmoscopy and 80-s duration exposures. The power was titrated to achieving a grey colour to the retina. No complications occurred. By the following day, a mildly grey colour was seen to the retina (Figure 1c). Figure 1 (a) Increased pigmentation at border of previous TTT for choroidal melanoma. (b) Ultrasound revealing bilobed elevation without evidence of scleral extension. (c) Postoperative photo after bidirectional thermotherapy showing grey area over treatment area. ... Extrascleral extension of melanoma cells is a leading cause of failure in TTT.1 TTT may not penetrate the depth of the melanoma completely in some cases, resulting in residual viable melanoma cells usually in the outermost scleral aspect of the mass. The addition of TDT may complement TTT in achieving necrosis of melanoma cells in the outermost portion of the melanoma or even in the infiltrating scleral portions that are undetectable by ultrasound. Cryotherapy following TTT has also been applied using this concept but has been unsuccessful.2 TDT has been shown to not disrupt scleral architecture.3, 4, 5 Bidirectional thermotherapy with TDT with TTT could result in a ‘sandwich' treatment in both the anterior-to-posterior and posterior-to-anterior directions. Our patient has unique characteristics because of his ocular history and refusal of plaque brachytherapy, therefore requiring a novel approach to choroidal melanoma treatment. Bidirectional thermotherapy may decrease the risk of extrascleral extension in selected patients with choroidal melanomas amenable to TTT.
Real-time solid voxelization by slice functions

This paper presents a new approach that utilizes a dynamic solid slice function mechanism and masking techniques based on 3D graphics hardware acceleration to significantly improve solid voxelization speed in real time as well as create diverse multivalued solid volumetric models with various kinds of slice functions. Through this approach, the solid voxelization by the size of 5123 can be obtained in less than 1 millisecond. In particular, by dynamically applying different slice functions, any surface-closed geometric model can be voxelized into a solid volumetric representation with any kind of interior materials, such as rainbow, marble, wood, translucent jade, etc. The principle and algorithm of solid slice creation and the algorithm of real-time solid voxelization are described in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The algorithms introduced in this paper are easy to implement and convenient to integrate into various applications, such as volume modeling, medical simulation, 3D printing, and computer art. The experimental results for the complex objects as shown in Figure 1 demonstrate the effectiveness, flexibility, and diversity of this approach.
Ion-neutral gas reactions in a collision/reaction cell in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Correlation of ion signal decrease to kinetic rate constants

Abstract Reaction gas flow rate dependent Ar2+ and Ar+ signals are correlated to fundamental kinetic rate coefficients. A simple calculation, assuming that gas exits the reaction cell due only to effusion, is described to estimate the gas pressure in the reaction cell. The value of the product of the kinetic rate constant and the ion residence time in the reaction cell can be determined from experimental measurement of the decrease in an ion signal as a function of reaction gas flow rate. New kinetic rate constants are determined for the reaction of CH3F with Ar+ and Ar2+.
A modified Chrisman-Snook procedure for reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: review of 18 cases.

The outcome of 18 ankles of 16 patients who underwent a modification of the Chrisman-Snook lateral ligamentous reconstruction was analyzed. The modification described herein attempts a more anatomic reconstruction of the calcaneofibular ligament, while the anterior talofibular ligamentous reconstruction remains unchanged. All patients were evaluated before and after surgery by physical examinations and stress inversion radiographs were taken to measure the degree of talar tilt. Additional postoperative assessment consisted of a questionnaire, inversion and eversion isokinetic strength measurements, subtalar joint inversion stress radiographs (stress Broden's views), and a hop test to assess ankle confidence. An average preoperative talar tilt of 13.7 degrees was reduced to an average of 2.3 degrees after surgery. Post-operative subtalar stress radiographs revealed an average of 2.8 degrees of subtalar tilt compared with the "normal" average of 7.2 degrees in the nonoperative ankles. While no ankles were found before surgery to have a 3+ anterior drawer sign, 11 ankles had 3+ inversion laxity. Excessive inversion laxity, which can occur through both the ankle and subtalar joints, more than anterior drawer laxity, may appear to be the primary determinant of functional ankle instability in the chronic setting. We recommend subtalar stress radiographs, in addition to routine talar stress radiographs, to quantify the relative contributions of each of these joints to inversion laxity in a symptomatic patient to guide appropriate treatment. The described procedure will anatomically stabilize both joints to inversion stress.
The safety of phenylpropanolamine in patients with stable hypertension.

Excerpt Phenylpropanolamine is a popular decongestant and appetite suppressant, with an estimated 5 billion doses consumed annually (1). However, label directions still caution people with hyperten...
The influence of organizational image on college selection: what students seek in institutions of higher education

Colleges and universities rely on their image to attract new members. This study focuses on the decision-making process of students preparing to apply to college. High school students were surveyed at college open houses to identify the factors most influential to their college application decision-making. A multi-methods analysis found that institutional characteristics were more influential than interpersonal or informational resources used by students. More specific results revealed that size, housing, and knowing someone who attended a school predicted students' views of the school's atmosphere. Key findings are discussed and recommendations offered to address issues related to organizational image.
Cleaning latexes for surface characterization by serum replacement

Abstract Latexes have been cleaned for surface characterization by ion exchange and dialysis. Ion exchange is rapid and gives quantitative results, but requires purification of the ion exchange resins. Dialysis is slow and removes only part of the adsorbed emulsifier and replaces only part of the counterions with H+ ions. This paper describes a new “serum replacement” method, which gives results in much better agreement with those of ion exchange than those of dialysis, yet avoids the arduous purification of the ion exchange resins. Distilled, deionized water is pumped through the latex while the particles are confined in a stirred cell by a Nuclepore filtration membrane. This washing with water removes the solute electrolyte and adsorbed emulsifier, but does not completely replace the Na+ and K+ counterions with H+ ions. Further washing with 5 × 10−4 N hydrochloric acid, followed by water to remove excess acid, replaces these counterions completely. Seven polystyrene latexes prepared with persulfate ion initiator—three prepared with conventional emulsifier and four with sulfonated comonomeric emulsifiers—were cleaned by serum replacement, ion exchange, and dialysis. The surface charges after cleaning with serum replacement were in good agreement with those after cleaning with ion exchange to constant charge, while those after dialysis were much lower. All latexes contained only strong-acid groups; no weak-acid groups were found. For latexes prepared with comonomeric emulsifiers, serum replacement can separate the water-soluble polymer in a form suitable for analysis. The removal of solute electrolyte and adsorbed emulsifier by serum replacement can be predicted by mathematical models. The rate of removal of solute electrolyte is slower than predicted by theory for reasons not yet determined. The rate of removal of adsorbed sodium lauryl sulfate indicates that equilibrium between the adsorbed and solute species is not attained during the serum replacement process.
The function of coenzyme A in luminescence

Abstract Firefly luciferin (C13H12N2S2O3) reacts with ATP to form active luciferin (apparently adenyl-luciferin) and pyrophosphate. The oxidation of active luciferin leads to light emission and adenyl-oxyluciferin, the latter compound eventually decomposes into adenylic acid and oxyluciferin (C13H10N2S2O3). Oxyluciferin is a potent inhibitor of the light reaction and once it has reacted with ATP and luciferase, the latter is incapable of catalyzing the oxidation of luciferin. Coenzyme A stimulates light emission by removing oxyluciferin from the enzyme surface. The evidence indicates that oxyluciferyl-CoA is formed, which can react non-enzymically with cysteine, glutathione or hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxyluciferyl derivatives. Chromatographic, isotopic and fluorometric data are presented to support the above conclusions. Oxyluciferyl-CoA in the presence of luciferase can be split by adenylic acid and when excess pyrophosphate is added ATP and free oxyluciferin are formed. The incorporation of 14C-adenylic acid into ATP depends upon the presence of CoA in the reaction mixture. The importance of these various reactions for light emission and electron transport is discussed.
TDDFT and CIS studies of optical properties of dimers of silver tetrahedra.

The absorption spectra for dimers of Ag4+2 and Ag8 clusters at various interparticle distances are examined using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and configuration interaction singles (CIS) calculations. With TDDFT calculations employing the SAOP functional, minor peaks for Ag4+2 and Ag8 dimers appear as the interparticle distance decreases; these peaks are suggested to be charge transfer artifacts on the basis of CIS and TDDFT (CAM-B3LYP) calculations. The relationship of the absorption peak locations to the distance and orientation between Td Ag20 dimers is also investigated. TDDFT calculations using the SAOP functional are used to determine excitation absorption spectra for eight different orientations of Ag20 dimers. Although the Ag20Td monomer has a sharp peak, each dimer absorption spectrum is split due to lower symmetry. This splitting increases as the center of mass distance decreases. As the interparticle distance between the monomers decreases, the initially strong peaks decreas...
Nodal lines, ergodicity and complex numbers

This article reviews two rigorous results about the complex zeros of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian, that is, the zeros of the analytic continuation of the eigenfunctions to the complexification of the underlying space. Such a complexification of the problem is analogous to studying the complex zeros of polynomials with real coefficients. The first result determines the limit distribution of complex zeros of `ergodic eigenfunctions' such as eigenfunctions of classically chaotic systems. The second result determines the expected distribution of complex zeros for complexifications of Gaussian random waves adapted to the Riemannian manifold. The resulting distribution is the same in both cases. It is singular along the set of real points.
Tools of the Serials Trade

Mashups are defined in Nicole C. Engardâ€™s introduction to this set of edited essays as “web applications that use content from more than one source to create a single new service, displayed in a ...
The pisotriquetral joint: anatomic, biomechanical, and radiographic analysis.

Purpose To examine anatomically and radiographically the ligaments stabilizing the pisotriquetral (PT) joint and to determine the contribution of each ligament to the stability of this joint. Methods Twelve cadaver arms were used. The study had 3 components: (1) anatomic dissection of the PT joint ligaments and patterns of degenerative changes, (2) biomechanical sequential sectioning of the supporting ligaments, and (3) radiographic assessment of PT joint motion in several planes both before and after ligament sectioning. Results The ligaments that attached to the pisiform were the pisometacarpal (PM), pisohamate (PH), radial PT, ulnar PT, and transverse carpal ligament. The PH ligament was shorter, wider, and thicker than the PM ligament. The transverse carpal ligament attachment in the pisiform was insubstantial. In 10 limbs degenerative changes were present, most of them peripheral. Biomechanical testing showed that the primary stabilizers of the PT joint were the PM, PH, and ulnar PT ligaments and that these were responsible for resisting proximal, ulnar, and radial forces, respectively. The PH distance increased along with the pisiform sagittal motion during wrist flexion on oblique x-rays after transection of the PM and ulnar PT ligaments. Concomitantly this distance decreased on the anteroposterior x-rays during radial deviation. The PH distance increased along with the pisiform frontal motion after transection of the PH and radial PT ligaments. Conclusions The pisiform ligament complex has primary and secondary stabilizers to the PT joint. The primary stabilizers are the PH, PM, and ulnar PT ligaments. The transverse carpal and radial PT ligaments are secondary stabilizers. Injuries of the primary stabilizers of the PT joint may lead to instability that predisposes to degenerative joint disease.
IL-17 targeted therapies for psoriasis.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic, disabling, inflammatory skin disease whose pathogenesis still remains to be fully elucidated. Genetic and environmental factors induce an immune response mediated by several cytokines and chemokines, including IL-17A. Areas covered: Emerging evidence now suggests that IL-17A is central in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Three agents neutralizing IL-17 (i.e., secukinumab and ixekizumab) or antagonizing its receptor (i.e., brodalumab) are in development and are being studied in Phase III clinical trials to evaluate their overall efficacy and safety. However, Phase II results of IL-17 blockade with each of these agents has shown a marked improvement of disease severity, thus confirming the pathogenic relevance of IL-17 in mediating crucial inflammatory circuits in psoriasis. Expert opinion: Anti-IL-17 agents are likely to become important future therapeutics in this disease and the may potentially impact on cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and other comorbidities associ...
The Bruhat decomposition, Tits system and Iwahori ring for the monoid of matrices over a finite field

Let G=GL n (F q ) be the finite general linear group and let M=M n (F q ) be the monoid of all n×n matrices over F q . Let B be a Borel subgroup of G, let W be the subgroup of permutation matrices, and let ℛ⊃W be the monoid of all zero-one matrices which have at most one non-zero entry in each row and each column. The monoid ℛ plays the same role for M that the Weyl group W does for G. In particular there is a length function on ℛ which extends the length function on W and a C-algebra H C (M, B) which includes Iwahori's ‘Hecke algebra’ H C (G, B) and shares many of its properties.
GaN vertical and lateral polarity heterostructures on GaN substrates

Abstract A method to control local GaN polarity on GaN substrates without using Mg-induced inversion has been developed. This method rests on the development of thin alternative inversion layers and the use of the confined epitaxial growth technique to pattern and selectively grow the inversion layer. Used in conjunction with optimized subsequent GaN growth processes, the technique has resulted in structures demonstrating both vertical and lateral polarity inversion on GaN substrates. Scanning electron microscopy shows a smooth interface between regions of different polarities and a smooth surface, the result of equivalent growth rates for both polarities. Electron channeling contrast imaging is used to determine the dislocation density of each region. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show full polarity conversion of the inverted layer. This process enables a wide range of novel variable polarity devices.
New developments in silver resin chromatography ofcis andtrans fatty methyl esters

Chromatographic separations of geometric isomers of methyl octadecenoates and octadecadienoates on a silver-treated macroreticular resin are much improved with newer resins of greater surface area and ground to a smaller particle size.cis,cis-Dienes can be recovered in practical elution volumes. With methanol as solvent small molecules including even radioactive methanol are retarded on the column relative to methyl esters of saturated acids.
A Joint Probability Approach to Multiobjective Optimization Under Uncertainty

In this paper, we present a new approach to solve optimization problems with multiple objectives under uncertainty. Optimality is considered in terms of the risk that the overall system performance, as defined by all of the multiple objectives exceeding their desired thresholds, remains acceptable. Unlike the existing state-of-the-art, where first-order moments of the system level objectives are used to ensure optimality, we employ a joint probability formulation in our research. The Pareto optimality criterion under uncertainty is defined in terms of joint probability, i.e., probability that all system objectives are less than the desired thresholds. These thresholds can be viewed as the desired upper/lower bounds on the individual system objectives. The higher the joint probability, the more reliably the thresholds bound the system performance, hence the lower the overall system performance risk. However, a desirable high joint probability may necessitate undesirably high/low thresholds, and hence the tradeoff. In this context, the proposed method provides two decision-making capabilities: (1) Maximum probability design: given a set of threshold values for system objectives, find the design that yields the maximum joint probability (2) Optimum threshold design: Given a desired joint probability, find the set of thresholds that yield this probability. In this paper, optimization formulations are presented to solve the above two decision-making problems. A two-bar truss example and the conceptual design of a two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle are presented to illustrate the proposed methods. The numerical results show that optimizing the mean values of the objectives individually does not necessarily guarantee the desired performance of all objectives jointly under uncertainty, which is of ultimate interest in multiobjective optimization.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Data-Driven Collection Management: Through Crisis Emerge Opportunities

This study describes a library's transition from a just-in-case monograph collection development process to one that is data driven. Five disciplines were selected for review, with circulation data correlated with a number of variables including number of editions, number of pages, Doody's Core Titles rating, book type, and physical characteristics. E-book usage was also compared with print counterparts. The results demonstrate the need to conduct a discipline-specific usage analysis on an annual basis to ensure the best use of limited collection development budgets for new acquisitions.
Complete translation of unsafe native code to safe bytecode

Existing techniques for using code written in an unsafe language within a safe virtual machine generally involve transformations from one source code language (such as C, Pascal, or Fortran) to another (such as Java) which is then compiled into virtual machine bytecodes.We present an alternative approach which translate MIPS binaries produced by any compiler into safe virtual machine bytecodes. This approach offers four key advantages over existing techniques: it is language agnostic, it offers bug-for-bug compiler compatibility, requires no post-translation human intervention, and introduces no build process modifications.We also present NestedVM, an implementation of this technique, and discuss its application to six software packages: LINPACK (Fortran), which was used as one of our performance tests, TEX (Pascal), which was used to typeset this document, libjpeg, libmspack, and FreeType (all C source), which are currently in production use as part of the Ibex Project [13], and gcc, which was used to compile all of the aforementioned.Performance measurements indicate a best case performance within 3x of native code and worst case typically within 10x, making it an attractive solution for code which is not performance-critical.
A natural pioneer

John James Audubon's monumental Birds of America holds a place among the greatest artistic achievements of any era, and his writings provide a rich chronicle of North American natural history before the industrial revolution. Yet Audubon remains victim of a legend that paints him as a bumbling businessman and dandy, who deserted his family to live in the woods and sketch birds. In a major biography reviewed in Nature this week, historian and novelist Richard Rhodes separates fact from fiction to draw a rounded picture of Audubon the man.
Transient nitric oxide synthase neurons in embryonic cerebral cortical plate, sensory ganglia, and olfactory epithelium

Abstract Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), visualized immunohistochemically or with NADPH diaphorase histochemistry, is transiently expressed in discrete areas of the developing rat nervous system. In the brain transient NOS expression occurs in the cerebral cortical plate. At E15-E19, the majority of cells in the plate stain, with their processes extending through the corpus striatum to the thalamus. This staining decreases after birth and vanishes by the 15th postnatal day. Neurons in olfactory epithelium also express NOS from E15 till early postnatal life. In embryonic sensory ganglia virtually all neuronal cells are NOS positive, whereas by early adulthood only 1 % express NOS. By contrast to these areas of transient NOS expression, in other neuronal sites NOS staining appears after cell bodies cease dividing and cells extend processes, and the staining persists in adult life. The transient expression of neuronal NOS may reflect a role in developmental processes such as programmed cell death.