cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Stream of Consciousness: III. Adolf Grünbaum's Nowness

Implicitly and later explicitly, James understood the stream of consciousness to consist of a sequence of temporally adjacent pulses of consciousness (except for time gaps when consciousness stops). Gibson claimed James's stream amounts to a stream of self-consciousness since it includes “a travelling moment of present time.” Reference to the present, according to Gibson, depends on the occurrence of an introspective kind of perceptual experience; that is, it does not occur if only straightforward perceptual experience is going on. Actually, this is not far from James's own view of the specious present, as I have explicated it. Grunbaum would add that the “occurring now” of a physical event requires that the individual have perceptual experience of the event together with a conceptualized awareness of this perceptual experience as occurring simultaneously with the conceptualized awareness of it. But, I ask, cannot perceptual experience itself intrinsically involve the attribute of nowness?
Mating frequency and inclusive fitness in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract: In many species, increased mating frequency reduces maternal survival and reproduction. In order to understand the evolution of mating frequency, we need to determine the consequences of increased mating frequency for offspring. We conducted an experiment in Drosophila melanogaster in which we manipulated the mating frequency of mothers and examined the survival and fecundity of the mothers and their daughters. We found that mothers with the highest mating frequency had accelerated mortality and more rapid reproductive senescence. On average, they had 50% shorter lives and 30% lower lifetime reproductive success (LRS) than did mothers with the lowest mating frequency. However, mothers with the highest mating frequency produced daughters with 28% greater LRS. This finding implies that frequent mating stimulates cross‐generational fitness trade‐offs such that maternal fitness is reduced while offspring fitness is enhanced. We evaluate these results using a demographic metric of inclusive fitness. ...
Growth Curve, Capsule Expression and Characterization of the Capsular Material of Selected Strains of Streptococcus uberis

The pattern of lectin agglutination, expression of capsule during the growth curve, and chemical composition of the capsule were examined in strains of Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine mastitis. Lectin agglutination was conducted on 40 strains of S. uberis and 82.5% and 77.5% of the strains showed agglutination titers (> or = 1:128) with wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A, respectively. Capsule expression during the growth curve and its chemical composition was determined in one strain of S. uberis (UT 101), using a nonencapsulated strain of S. uberis (UT 102) as a negative control. Both strains were grown in Todd-Hewitt Broth (THB) with and without 20% milk whey. Strain UT 101 grown in THB or THB with 20% whey showed maximum numbers of colony forming units per ml (cfu/ml) at 12 hours, with a lag phase ending after 2 hours of growth. Maximum cfu/ml of UT 102 in THB was at 14 hours and 16 hours in THB 20% whey with a lag phase that ended at 2 hours of growth. Higher number of viable bacteria and increased capsule expression of UT 101 were detected in suspensions grown in THB 20% whey than in THB alone. Capsule expression of S. uberis UT 101 was maximal at 10 hours and decreased after 12 hours of growth. In contrast, S. uberis UT 102 showed negligible percentage (< 2%) of encapsulated bacteria during the entire growth curve. Chemical analysis of capsular material and the pattern of lectin agglutination suggest that hyaluronic acid is the major component. These results will be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of infections caused by S. uberis.
The New Scarlet Letter: Student Perceptions of the Accounting Profession after Enron.

Recent scandals have tarnished the integrity of the accounting profession, marking it with a modern version of the scarlet letter A, which represented disgrace in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. In this study, the authors surveyed college business students on their perceptions of the accounting profession and examined how it can overcome its fall from grace. The encouraging news for business educators is that students are not rethinking their college major or career choice as a result of the corporate accounting problems.
Support effects on the nucleation, growth, and morphology of gold nano-clusters

Abstract The nucleation, growth, and morphology of gold (Au) clusters on an irreducible oxide (SiO 2 ), highly reduced TiO x ( x ∼ 1), and less reduced TiO x ( x ∼ 2) were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with the goal of understanding the relationship between the nucleation, growth, and morphology of Au clusters and the reducibility of the oxide support. Au clusters show preferential nucleation and growth on a TiO x surface compared to a SiO 2 surface. In addition, higher densities of Au clusters were found on highly reduced TiO x , suggesting that reduced Ti sites play a role as an active site for the nucleation and growth of Au clusters.
Temperature dependence of single-event burnout in n-channel power MOSFETs (for space application)

The temperature dependence of single-event burnout (SEB) in n-channel power MOSFETs is investigated experimentally and analytically. Experimental data are presented which indicate that the SEB susceptibility of the power MOSFET decreases with increasing temperature. A previously reported analytical model that describes the SEB mechanism is updated to include temperature variations. This model is shown to agree with the experimental trends. >
Muscular coactivation The role of the antagonist musculature in maintaining knee stability

The objective of this study was to quantify the coacti vation patterns of the knee flexor and extensor muscles as part of continued efforts to identify the role of the antagonist muscles in maintaining joint stability.The simultaneous EMG from the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee were recorded during maximal effort, slow isokinetic contractions (15 deg/sec) on the plane parallel to the ground to eliminate the effect of gravity. The processed EMG from the antagonist mus cle was normalized with respect to its EMG as agonist at maximal effort for each joint angle. The plots of normalized antagonist EMG versus joint angle for each muscle group were shown to relate inversely to their moment arm variations over the joint range of motion. Additional calculations demonstrated that the antago nist exerts nearly constant opposing torque throughout joint range of motion. Comparison of data recorded from normal healthy subjects with that of high perform ance athletes with hypertrophied quadriceps demon strated...
Biocompatible Quantum Dots for Intravital Kidney Imaging

Quantum dots (QDs) are emerging alternatives to traditional dyes for fluorescence imaging applications. Quantum dots are attractive due to their photostability, broad excitation, narrow emission bands, high quantum yields and relatively long fluorescence lifetimes for contrast enhancement. We are interested in applying quantum dots (CdSe/ZnS) with biocompatible coatings for functional imaging of the kidney in vivo. Towards that end, we carried out experiments to characterize the bio- and photo-physical properties of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with lipopolymer and aminoethoxy ethanol (AEE) coatings, and in vivo imaging of the kidney using surface coated quantum dots. We found that the fluorescence of the CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with surface coatings is enhanced in the presence of blood serum and it is serum concentration dependent. In addition, these surface coated quantum dots exhibit photo-induced fluorescence enhancement (PFE) and the PFE varies with specific surface coatings. Previously, PFE phenomenon is observed in CdSe quantum dots without surface coatings and has been studied under a number of different experimental conditions. To our knowledge, PFE of quantum dots with a surface coating has not been reported in the literature. For imaging application, we have developed protocols to use these surface coated quantum dots for intravital imaging in rodents and we are able to successfully acquire in vivo images of the kidney and perform kinetic measurements. Here, we summarize and discuss our results of the PFE property and in vivo imaging and characterization of these quantum dots. This work was supported by NIH DK077051 research award to W. Yu on in vivo kidney imaging.
Bandwidth Guarantee under Demand Uncertainty in Multi-tenant Clouds

The shared multi-tenant nature of cloud network infrastructures has caused poor application performance in the clouds due to unpredictable network performance. To provide bandwidth guarantee, several virtual network abstractions have been proposed which allow the tenants to specify and reserve virtual clusters with required network bandwidth between the VMs. However, all of these existing proposals require the tenants to deterministically characterize the exact bandwidth demands in the abstractions, which can be difficult and result in inefficient bandwidth reservation due to the demand uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a virtual cluster abstraction with stochastic bandwidth requirements between VMs, called Stochastic Virtual Cluster (SVC), which probabilistically models the bandwidth demand uncertainty. Based on SVC, we propose a network sharing framework and efficient VM allocation algorithms to ensure that the bandwidth demands of tenants on any link are satisfied with a high probability, while minimizing the bandwidth occupancy cost on links. Using simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of SVC for accommodating cloud application workloads with highly volatile bandwidth demands, in the way of achieving the trade-off between the job concurrency and average job running time.
A Markov Chain Based Hierarchical Algorithm for Fabric-Aware Capacitance Extraction

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical algorithm to compute the 3-D capacitances of a large number of topologically different layout configurations that are all assembled from the same basic layout motifs. Our algorithm uses the boundary element method in order to compute a Markov transition matrix (MTM) for each motif. The individual motifs are connected together by building a large Markov chain. Such Markov chain can be simulated extremely efficiently using Monte Carlo simulations (e.g., random walks). The main practical advantage of the proposed algorithm is its ability to extract the capacitance of a large number of layout configurations in a complexity that is basically independent of the number of configurations. For instance, in a large 3-D layout example, the capacitance calculation of 1000 different configurations assembled from the same motifs is accomplished in the time required to solve independently two configurations, i.e., a 500 × speedup.
Unusual Antimicrotubule Activity of the Antifungal Agent Spongistatin 1

Spongistatin 1, a macrocyclic lactone from the marine sponge Hyrtios erecta, has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Since this compound is a potent antimicrotubule agent in mammalian cells, we examined its effects on the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans to determine if its antifungal effects are due to antimicrotubule activity. At 25 μg/ml (twice the MIC), spongistatin 1 caused a greater-than-twofold elevation of the chromosome and spindle mitotic indices. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that mitotic spindles were smaller and shorter than in control germlings. However, late-anaphase and telophase nuclei were seen occasionally, and this suggests that the spindles are capable of segregating chromosomes. Spongistatin 1 had more dramatic effects on cytoplasmic microtubules. At 30 min after initiation of treatment, 83% of germlings contained fragmented microtubules and after 2 h of treatment, microtubules had disappeared completely from 82% of germlings. In contrast, microtubules disappeared rapidly and completely from germlings treated with benomyl. We conclude that spongistatin 1 has antimicrotubule activity in A. nidulans and that its mechanism of action may involve a novel microtubule-severing activity.
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in humans.

▪ Abstract Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), the first transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) to be described in humans, occurs in a sporadic, familial, or iatrogenic form. Other TSEs in humans, shown to be associated with specific prion protein gene mutations, have been reported in different parts of the world. These TSEs compose a heterogeneous group of familial diseases that traditionally have been classified as familial CJD, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, or fatal familial insomnia. In 1996, a newly recognized variant form of CJD among young patients (median age, 28 years) with unusual clinical features and a unique neuropathologic profile was reported in the United Kingdom. In the absence of known CJD risk factors or prion protein gene abnormalities, the UK government concluded that the clustering of these cases may represent transmission to humans of the agent causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Additional epidemiologic and recent laboratory data strongly support the UK governm...
Basic Disposal-Well Design: ABSTRACT

Two factors, safety and utility, are basic in the design of disposal wells. Every means must be taken to insure the safety of the installation so that the environment is protected against inadvertent pollution. Also, the well must be designed for maximum utility so that continued disposal of the waste is insured. Disposal wells are of two general types--those which are considered openhole completions, and those utilizing casing for their entire depth. Openhole completions End_Page 2080------------------------------ are common in those areas, such as along the Gulf Coast, where only lightly consolidated or unconsolidated sands are the disposal zones. These wells employ gravel-packed screen sections and are generally similar to large-capacity water wells in design. Other openhole completions are made in those areas where the disposal zones are in competent rocks, such as limestone, dolomite, and sandstone, and do not require casing. In places where the disposal liquid may attack the cementation of a sandstone or adversely affect a limestone or dolomite, casing is required for the full depth of the hole. Casing may be either of plastic materials or some of the more costly metals, such as stainless steel, Hastelloy, Carpenter 20, or zirconium. Tubing and packer requirements vary depending on the nature of the waste stream. Lined tubing is required in almost all wells to avoid excess corrosion. Tubing lining may be either sprayed-on plastic or thin-gage metallic alloys swedged to the base metal. Packers must be made of the same materials as the tubing to insure longevity. Some wells employ hydraulic seals rather than packers. This is a good installation if injection is always under pressure. Detailed designs of each type of injection well are shown, and in every case, safety of the installation is a paramount consideration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2081------------
On the controllability of discrete linear systems with output feedback

A discrete time linear system x_{t+1}= Ax_{t} + Bu_{t'}y = Cx_{t'} , with output feedback u_{t} = G_{t}y_{t'} , call be regarded as a nonlinear system with "control" G t . Weak sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a finite sequence of gains for which every initial state can be driven to the origin. For a one input, one output system, the question of what terminal states can be reached from a given initial state is resolved. It is shown that an important ingredient for these problems is the semigroup of integers generated by the set \{k:cA^{k-1}b \neq 0, 1 \leq k \leq k \leq 3n\} (for a single input, single output system of dimension n ). It is also natural to use a pair of "canonical forms," in the guise of polynomials, to represent states. One is useful for input considerations and the other for output considerations. For output feedback problems one must further distinguish between two polynomials which are equivalent in the sense that they represent the same state. This is due to the fact that some polynomials are ill-conditioned in that they would have us use a nonzero input when the output vanishes.
Online balancing of range-partitioned data with applications to peer-to-peer systems

We consider the problem of horizontally partitioning a dynamic relation across a large number of disks/nodes by the use of range partitioning. Such partitioning is often desirable in large-scale parallel databases, as well as in peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. As tuples are inserted and deleted, the partitions may need to be adjusted, and data moved, in order to achieve storage balance across the participant disks/nodes. We propose efficient, asymptotically optimal algorithms that ensure storage balance at all times, even against an adversarial insertion and deletion of tuples. We combine the above algorithms with distributed routing structures to architect a P2P system that supports efficient range queries, while simultaneously guaranteeing storage balance.
Spatial orientation of semicircular canals and afferent sensitivity vectors in pigeons

Rotational head motion in vertebrates is detected by the semicircular canal system, whose innervating primary afferent fibers carry information about movement in specific head planes. The semicircular canals have been qualitatively examined over a number of years, and the canal planes have been quantitatively characterized in several animal species. The present study first determined the geometric relationship between individual semicircular canals and between the canals and the stereotactic head planes in pigeons. Stereotactic measurements of multiple points along the circumference of the bony canals were taken, and the measured points fitted with a three-dimensional planar surface. Direction normals to the plane's surface were calculated and used to define angles between semicircular canal pairs. Because of the unusual shape of the anterior semicircular canals in pigeons, two planes, a major and a minor, were fitted to the canal's course. Calculated angle values for all canals indicated that the horizontal and posterior semicircular canals are nearly orthogonal, but the anterior canals have substantial deviations from orthogonality with other canal planes. Next, the responses of the afferent fibers that innervate each of the semicircular canals to 0.5 Hz sinusoidal rotation about an earth-vertical axis were obtained. The head orientation relative to the rotation axis was systematically varied so that directions of maximum sensitivity for each canal afferent could be determined. These sensitivity vectors were then compared with the canal plane direction normals. The afferents that innervated specific semicircular canals formed homogeneous clusters of sensitivity vectors in different head planes. The horizontal and posterior afferents had average sensitivity vectors that were largely coincident with the innervated canal plane direction normals. Anterior canal afferents, however, appeared to synthesize contributions from the major and minor plane components of the bony canal structure to produce a resultant sensitivity vector that was positioned between the canal planes. Calculated angles between the average canal afferent sensitivity vectors revealed that direction orthogonality is preserved at the afferent signal level, even though deviations from canal plane orthogonality exist.
MORAL PSYCHOLOGY AND THE UNITY OF THE VIRTUES

The ancient Greeks subscribed to the thesis of the Unity of Virtue, according to which the possession of one virtue is closely related to the possession of all the others. Yet empirical observation seems to contradict this thesis at every turn. What could the Greeks have been thinking of? The paper offers an interpretation and a tentative defence of a qualified version of the thesis. It argues that, as the Greeks recognized, virtue essentially involves knowledge – specifically, evaluative knowledge of what matters. Furthermore, such knowledge is essentially holistic. Perfect and complete possession of one virtue thus requires the knowledge that is needed for the possession of every other virtue. The enterprise of trying to reconcile the normative view embodied in this conception of virtue with empirical observation also serves as a case study for the field of moral psychology in which empirical and normative claims are often deeply and confusingly intertwined.1
Paracrine factors from cumulus-enclosed oocytes ensure the successful maturation and fertilization in vitro of denuded oocytes in the cat model

Objective To better characterize cumulus-oocyte interactions during oocyte maturation and fertilization in the cat model. Design Experimental in vitro study. Setting Smithsonian Institution. Animal(s) Domestic shorthair cats. Intervention(s) Groups of denuded oocytes (DOs) and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were subjected to in vitro maturation (with or without FSH and LH, with or without the gap junction disruptor 1-heptanol, in separated groups or in coculture) and inseminated in vitro (IVF; in separated groups or in coculture). Main Outcome Measure(s) Nuclear maturation, pronuclear formation, kinetics of early embryo cleavage, and blastocyst formation and quality after different in vitro conditions were compared between DOs cultured separately and DOs cocultured with COCs. Result(s) Without FSH and LH, the removal of cumulus cells prevented spontaneous meiotic resumption in DOs. With FSH and LH, groups of DOs progressed to the metaphase I stage but fully advanced to metaphase II only in coculture with intact (nondisrupted) COCs. Groups of DOs cultured separately were fertilized poorly and exhibited no blastocyst formation. In contrast, DOs cocultured with intact COCs during in vitro maturation and IVF recovered fertilizability, and approximately 35% formed blastocysts. Conclusion(s) Paracrine factors produced by cumulus-enclosed oocytes in the cat model will help to develop synthetic media for successful in vitro culture of DOs.
Emergent loop current order from pair density wave superconductivity

There is evidence that the pseudogap phase in the cuprates breaks time-reversal symmetry. Here we show that pair density wave (PDW) states give rise to a translational invariant nonsuperconducting order parameter that breaks time-reversal and parity symmetries, but preserves their product. This secondary order parameter has a different origin, but shares the same symmetry properties as a magnetoelectric loop current order that has been proposed earlier in the context of the cuprates to explain the appearance of intracell magnetic order. We further show that, due to fluctuations, this secondary loop current order, which breaks only discrete symmetries, can preempt PDW order, which breaks both continuous and discrete symmetries. In such a phase, the emergent loop current order coexists with spatial short-range superconducting order and possibly short-range charge density wave (CDW) order. Finally, we propose a PDW phase that accounts for intracell magnetic order and the Kerr effect, has CDW order consistent with x-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance observations, and quasiparticle properties consistent with angle-resolved photoemission scattering.
The Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Peroxisome Biogenesis

Peroxisomes are essential cellular organelles involved in lipid metabolism. Patients affected by severe peroxisome biogenesis disorders rarely survive their first year. Genetic screens in several model organisms have identified more than 30 PEX genes that are required for the formation of functional peroxisomes. Despite significant work on the PEX genes, the biogenic origin of peroxisomes remains controversial. For at least two decades, the prevailing model postulated that peroxisomes propagate by growth and fission of preexisting peroxisomes. In this review, we focus on the recent evidence supporting a new, semiautonomous model of peroxisomal biogenesis. According to this model, peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the peroxisome by a vesicular budding, targeting, and fusion process while peroxisomal matrix proteins are imported into the organelle by an autonomous, posttranslational mechanism. We highlight the contradictory conclusions reached to answer the question of how PMPs are inserted into the ER. We then review what we know and what still remains to be elucidated about the mechanism of PMP exit from the ER and the contribution of preperoxisomal vesicles to mature peroxisomes. Finally, we discuss discrepancies in our understanding of de novo peroxisome biogenesis in wild-type cells. We anticipate that resolving these key issues will lead to a more complete picture of peroxisome biogenesis.
Is there potential to adapt soybean (Glycine max Merr.) to future [CO₂]? An analysis of the yield response of 18 genotypes in free-air CO₂ enrichment.

Rising atmospheric [CO2] is a uniform, global change that increases C-3 photosynthesis and could offset some of the negative effects of global climate change on crop yields. Genetic variation in yield responsiveness to rising [CO2] would provide an opportunity to breed more responsive crop genotypes. A multi-year study of 18 soybean (Glycine maxMerr.) genotypes was carried out to identify variation in responsiveness to season-long elevated [CO2] (550ppm) under fully open-air replicated field conditions. On average across 18 genotypes, elevated [CO2] stimulated total above-ground biomass by 22%, but seed yield by only 9%, in part because most genotypes showed a reduction in partitioning of energy to seeds. Over four years of study, there was consistency from year to year in the genotypes that were most and least responsive to elevated [CO2], suggesting heritability of CO2 response. Further analysis of six genotypes did not reveal a photosynthetic basis for the variation in yield response. Although partitioning to seed was decreased, cultivars with the highest partitioning coefficient in current [CO2] also had the highest partitioning coefficient in elevated [CO2]. The results show the existence of genetic variation in soybean response to elevated [CO2], which is needed to breed soybean to the future atmospheric environment. This study investigated the response of 18 soybean varieties to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) in the field. There was variation in the response of seed yield in the genotypes, ranging from no stimulation to a 22% increase in yield, and consistency from year to year in the varieties that were the most and least responsive to elevated [CO2]. Results support the potential to breed crops for enhanced CO2 response.
Generation of diffuse and specular appearance from photometric images

To account for the variability of object appearance due to differences in illumination, attention has recently been focused on representing the set of images for all possible lighting conditions. Approaches that address this problem have primarily focused on lighting differences for diffuse reflection using the Lambertian model; however, specular reflections can additionally present considerable disparity in appearance. We present a method for representing illumination appearance for both diffuse and specular reflections for objects of uniform surface roughness using four photometric images. This approach uses separation of reflection components, extracts surface reflectances and roughness, and produces arbitrary lighting images without explicit computation of surface shape. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method for constructing diffuse and specular appearances.
The Token Economy Package: Social v. Token Reinforcement

The paper reports a Token Economy project involving 18 long stay male patients (diagnosis chronic schozophrenia), average length of hospitalisation twenty-five years. The project comprised a one month baseline period, a six month Token Economy phase, a two month experimental phase and a second three months Token Economy. Conditions were the same for all patients except during the experimental phase where they were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups to investigate the relative importance of social reinforcement and other variables involved in token systems. The groups were (1) a social reinforcement only group; (2) a social reinforcement and non-contingent tokens; (3) a social reinforcement and contingent, non-spendable tokens. Each groups' performance was compared both with the other groups and with their own performance over all phases of the study. Assessment measures comprised standardised psychiatric rating scales - the Nurses Observation Scale for In-patient Evaluation (Honigfeld and Klett, 1965; Honigfeld et al 1966), and the Psychotic Reaction Profile (Lorr et al, 1960); other rating checklists, and time-sampling data. Analysis of Variance was carried out on all data over the four phases of the programme. The total token economy package as represented by the first token economy period was shown to be effective in promoting improvements in most areas of patients' functioning as compared to baseline. Results during the experimental phase suggest that contrary to our initial hypothesis social factors involved in exchanging tokens are not demonstrably important sources of reinforcement in Token Economies. There were no inter-group differences during the experimental phase, suggesting that none of the variables studied were critical factors. After the experimental phase the return to the complete token package produced an unclear picture where there were significant improvements on some scales, but significant declines on others.
Fast magnetosonic waves driven by shell velocity distributions

Using linear dispersion theory and particle-in-cell simulations, we explore the ion Bernstein instability driven by the shell-type ion velocity distribution which is related to the excitation of fast magnetosonic waves in the terrestrial magnetosphere. We first demonstrate a novel idea to construct the shell velocity distribution out of multiple Maxwellian ring-beam velocity distributions. Applying this technique, we find that the convergence of the linear theory instability can be achieved with only a moderate number of ring-beam components. In order to prove that such an approximation is legitimate and the linear theory instabilities evaluated are indeed valid, we use the exact shell distribution to carry out a number of one dimensional particle-in-cell simulations corresponding to multiple wave propagation angles adjacent to the direction at which the most unstable waves are expected to grow. The agreement between the linear dispersion analysis and the simulation results is generally very good: enhanced waves are organized along the linear theory dispersion curves in the frequency-wave number space, and relative wave amplitudes are ordered as the linear theory growth rates very well. However, the simulations show a few extra branches that are not expected from the linear dispersion analysis. A close examination of these extra branches suggests that they are not simulation artifacts and particularly related to the ring/shell-type distributions with large ring/shell speed (v>∼1.5 vA, where vA is the Alfven speed). In addition, our results show that substantial wave growth can occur at nonintegral harmonics of the proton cyclotron frequency at wave normal angles substantially far away from the perpendicular direction, which may provide an alternative explanation of the off-harmonic peaks of some fast magnetosonic waves observed in space.
The Military Genogram: A Solution-Focused Approach for Resiliency Building in Service Members and Their Families

In recent decades, it has become evident among mental health practitioners that the military is a unique culture that is comprised of distinct ethics, core values, codes of conduct, and strict hier...
The evolution of invariant manifolds in Hamiltonian-Hopf bifurcations $

We consider the evolution of the stable and unstable manifolds of an equilibrium point of a Hamiltonian system of two degrees of freedom which depends on a parameter, n: The eigenvalues of the linearized system are complex for no0 and pure imaginary for n40: Thus, for no0 the equilibrium has a two-dimensional stable manifold and a two-dimensional unstable manifold, but for n40 these stable and unstable manifolds are gone. If the sign of a certain term in the normal form is positive then for small negative n the stable and unstable manifolds of the system are either identical or must have transverse intersection. Thus, either the system is totally degenerate or the system admits a suspended Smale horseshoe as an invariant set. r 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
The SEQUOIA 2000 storage benchmark

This paper presents a benchmark that concisely captures the data base requirements of a collection of Earth Scientists working in the SEQUOIA 2000 project on various aspects of global change research. This benchmark has the novel characteristic that it uses real data sets and real queries that are representative of Earth Science tasks. Because it appears that Earth Science problems are typical of the problems of engineering and scientific DBMS users, we claim that this benchmark represents the needs of this more general community. Also included in the paper are benchmark results for three example DBMSs: GRASS, IPW and POSTGRES.
Invasion Of Denonvilliers’ Fascia in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens

AbstractDenonvilliers’ fascia consists of a single fibromuscular structure covering the posterior aspect of the prostate and surrounding the seminal vesicles. This structure has multiple layers that are fused together, and to the stroma of the prostate and seminal vesicles. A separate posterior layer of Denonvilliers’ fascia was not seen during radical prostatectomy. The cleavable interprostatorectal plane extends posteriorly throughout the thickness of Denonvilliers’ fascia and anteriorly to the muscular wall of the rectum. Medially this fascia is fused with the prostatic capsule into a single sheath and contains thick smooth muscle bundles in continuity with the prostatic stroma.In a series of 243 radical prostatectomy specimens for prostate cancer, we studied the morphological relationship of Denonvilliers’ fascia with the prostatic capsule and stroma, and traced the progression of prostatic cancer in relation to the anatomical landmarks. In 19% of the cases tumor was found progressing within Denonvill...
Signal transduction of flumazenil-induced preconditioning in myocytes

The objective of this study was to examine the role of oxygen radicals, protein kinase C (PKC), and ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) channels in mediating flumazenil-produced preconditioning. Chick cardiomyo...
Strain variation in the components of the extensor apparatus of the finger during flexion and extension. A biomechanical study.

An experimental method is presented to investigate the complex kinesiology of the extensor apparatus. Microstrain gauges were applied to the tendinous components of the extensor apparatus of five fingers—one chimpanzee and four human adult. The strain variations produced in these tendons during basic finger motions were recorded on a Beckman-type RM direct writing oscillographic recorder. During extension of the finger without hyperextension at the metacarpophalangeal, significant tension was present in the middle slip and the terminal tendon of the extensor apparatus. During clawing of the finger with hyperextension at the metacarpophalangeal joint the tension was absent in both the middle slip and the terminal tendon at the end of the motion. The extensor apparatus was loaded in a distal direction by the pull of the flexor profundus. The concept of distal differential loading of the extensor apparatus was developed by Landsmeer. During flexion of the distal phalanx there is a relaxation of the middle slip with gradual increase of tension in the same tendon beyond 60 to 70 degrees of flexion at the middle joint. At 90 degrees of flexion in the middle joint of the finger there is relaxation of the terminal tendon. The data obtained in these experiments support Landsmeer's concept. The tension in the transverse lamina of the extensor appratus was studied during clawing and extension of the finger without hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Increased tension was recorded in the transverse lamina only at hyperextension and flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint.
Differential effectiveness of group, individual, and conjoint treatments: An archival analysis of OQ-45 change trajectories

AbstractObjective: While empirically-supported treatment (EST) choices are continually expanding, choices regarding formats for delivery (individual only, group only, or conjoint [simultaneous individual & group]) are often determined by agency resources or clinician preference. Studies comparing individual and group formats have produced mixed results, while recent meta-analytic reviews support format equivalence. Method: We employed a multilevel model to test for outcome differences using the OQ-45 on an outpatient archival data set of clients receiving individual-only (n = 11,764), group-only (n = 152) or conjoint (n = 1557). Results: Individual and group outcomes were equivalent with some analyses showing conjoint trailing. Moderators of change included initial distress, treatment duration, intra-group dependency, and format. Conclusions: Results support meta-analytic findings of format equivalence in a naturalistic setting for group and individual. Referral practices and future results are discussed.
Data winnowing

Massive quantities of digital data are being collected in every aspect of modern life. Examples include Personal photos and videos, biological and medical images and recordings from sensor arrays. To transform these massive data streams into useful information we use a sequence of "winnowing" stages. Each step reduces the size of the data by an order of magnitude; extracting the wheat form the chaff. In this talk I will describe this approach in a variety of contexts, ranging from the analysis of genetic pathways in fruit-fly embryos and C-Elegans worms to counting birds and helping elderly people living alone keep in touch with their family and caregivers.
Effect of Resident Involvement on Patient Outcomes in Complex Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Operations

Background Multiple studies examining the impact of resident involvement on patient outcomes in general surgical operations have shown an associated increase in morbidity and operative time. However, these studies included basic and advanced laparoscopic and open operations. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of resident involvement on outcomes specifically in patients who underwent complex minimally invasive gastrointestinal operations. Study Design The American College of Surgeons NSQIP database was reviewed for patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy and laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia and anti-reflux procedures between 2002 and 2010. Data were analyzed based on operations performed with a resident involved compared with those performed by an attending surgeon without resident involvement. Primary end points included risk-adjusted 30-day mortality, 30-day reoperation, and 30-day serious morbidity. Secondary end points were operative time, hospital length of stay, and 30-day overall morbidity. Results A total of 31,736 cases were analyzed; 63.3% of cases had a resident involved in the operation and 36.7% were performed by an attending without resident involvement. Operative time was significantly longer in cases performed with a resident (162 vs 138 minutes in attending-only cases; p Conclusions Resident involvement in complex laparoscopic gastrointestinal procedures is associated with an increase in operative time with no impact on postoperative outcomes.
Theodore Meyer Greene, The Arts and the Art of Criticism

(1940). Theodore Meyer Greene, The Arts and the Art of Criticism. The Art Bulletin: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 274-276.
A conversion disorder or a stroke? A proximal basilar artery thrombosis induced ‘locked-in’ syndrome in a young Caucasian woman

The incidence of the basilar artery occlusion is relatively low among all strokes. Clinical presentation varies depending on the location of the occlusion. The symptoms include mild dysarthria to coma or sudden death. The initial subtle clinical presentation could lead to misdiagnosis. Psychogenic diagnosis in the differential could make the timely diagnosis more difficult. This case involves a 34-year-old woman presenting with a gradual onset of slurred speech. The initial CT scan of head did not indicate any intracranial pathology, and she was initially treated for an anxiety/conversion disorder. With progression of the pathology, the patient quickly developed a ‘locked-in’ syndrome, with preserved high cognitive function and vertical eye movement, but otherwise total loss of motor function. The diagnosis was confirmed with MRI/MR angiography studies, which indicated thrombosis of the proximal basilar artery. Serological studies did not disclose any relevant risk factors.
Inhibition of Drug Precipitation in the Urinary Tract by the Use of Sulfonamide Mixtures. I. Sulfathiazole-Sulfadiazine Mixture.

SummaryIt was observed that N1-heterocyclic derivatives of sulfanilamide, even if closely related, are soluble in one and the same solution almost to the extent of their separate solubilities. Based on this observation, the toxicity and antibacterial activity of sulfadiazine-sulfathiazole mixtures was investigated. It was found that the acute and chronic toxicity of this drug combination for albino rats is strikingly low if compared with the effect of similar or identical total concentrations of either sulfathiazole or sulfadiazine alone. Evidence derived from chemical analyses and post-mortem examinations pointed to a diminution of intrarenal obstruction from drug precipitate as the chief reason for the low toxicity of the mixture. In vitro antibacterial studies showed that the effectiveness of the mixture corresponded largely to the total concentration of free sulfonamide. On the basis of these observations, the substitution at the bedside of sulfathiazole or sulfadiazine by combinations of these two co...
Reduction of Narrow-Band Velocity Fluctuations Over an Aircraft Model

Surface fences are used to reduce the narrow-band velocity fluctuations observed over a 1/32-scale model of an F-15 at high angles of attack in a low speed wind tunnel. Previous work has traced these fluctuations to counter-rotating structures in the shear layer above the wing surface. A small vertical fence placed near the origin of the fluctuations attenuates the peak spectral energy by as much as 67% at 21.5° angle of attack. A narrow region is identified on the wing surface where fence placement attenuates the spectral peak, and fence size is optimized. A single fence location is identified where attenuation is achieved for angles of attack ranging from 16° to 34°. Comparisons with flight test accelerometer data confirm that the frequencies of significance to tail buffeting are the ones predicted in scaled model tests and attenuated by this technique. These results show that focusing on the surface shear layer, rather than on core instabilities, enables the engineer to take results obtained on small-scale wings and arrive at the optima found by trial and error on models with aeroelastic tails, and apply them to full-scale aircraft.
The investigation of multichotomous sensitive problems in the workers of a city entertainment venues

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome( AIDS) high dangerous behavior of the workers in a city entertainment venues. Methods: The sexual transmitted diseases( STDs) test,human immunodeficiency virus( HIV) test,the proportion of condoms use and breakage of the workers in entertainment venues were investigated by multichotomous sensitive questions randomized response technique and cluster sampling means in licensed medical establishment. Results: The proportion of never examination,uncertain inspection result,unknow the inspection result,negative result and and positive result of STDs in the workers of a city entertainment venues were 44. 889 4%,4. 313 1%,11. 040 6%,33. 506 6% and 6. 250 2% at a licensed medical establishment in recent year,respectively. The proportion of never examination,uncertain inspection result,unknow the inspection result,negative result and and positive result of HIV in the workers of a city entertainment venues were 62. 287 9%, 6. 412 7%,7. 241 0%,23. 703 5% and 0. 354 9% in recent year,respectively. The proportion of no-use condoms,condoms breakage and condoms no-breakage in recently sexual service were 1. 885 8%,22. 107 6% and 76. 006 6%,respectively. The proportion of nouse condoms,sometimes use condoms and always use condoms in last month sexual service were 2. 268 0%,4. 002 2% and 93. 729 8%,respectively. Conclusions: The result of HIV examination in the workers of a city entertainment venues is bad. The use of condom is good,the quality of which need to be improved.
Hospital Variation in Health Care Utilization by Children With Medical Complexity

BACKGROUND: Although children with medical complexity have high health care needs, little is known about the variation in care provided between centers. This information may be particularly useful in identifying opportunities to improve quality and reduce costs. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective population-based observational cohort study using all payer claims databases for children aged 30 days to RESULTS: Adjusting for patient characteristics, the number of inpatient (relative rate 0.84 vs 2.28) and intensive care days (relative rate 0.45 vs 1.28) varied by more than twofold, whereas office (relative rate 0.77 vs 1.12) and emergency department visits (relative rate 0.71 vs 1.37) varied to a lesser extent. There was also marked variation in the use of imaging, and other diagnostic tests, with particularly high variation in electrocardiography (relative rate 0.35 vs 2.81) and head MRI (relative rate 0.72 vs 2.12). CONCLUSIONS: Depending on where they receive care, children with medical complexity experience widely different patterns of utilization. These findings indicate the need for identifying best practices for this growing patient population.
Percutaneous management of ureteral calculi facilitated by retrograde flushing with carbon dioxide or diluted radiopaque dye.

AbstractOf 356 patients in whom percutaneous nephrostomy was performed at this institution 59 had ureteral stones. In our experience with the first 36 patients antegrade techniques for ureteral stone extraction had many assets but sometimes they were difficult. Recently, we incorporated a retrograde flushing technique, using carbon dioxide and diluted radiopaque dye, into our percutaneous approach to ureteral stones. Based on our experience with this technique in the next 23 consecutive patients, we believe that percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and retrograde flushing should be added to the armamentarium of urologists committed to the percutaneous endourological approach to ureteral stones.