cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tools for enabling digital access to multi-lingual Indic documents

We present methodologies for three important tasks that will eventually enable digital access of multilingual Indian document images. First, we describe several document image analysis techniques necessary to prepare Devanagari document images for OCR. The second task is OCR for machine printed Devanagari words without the help of a lexicon. We describe the OCR methodology and show how it is being extended to other Indian languages. Finally, we describe a versatile platform that facilitates automatic segmentation of document images in multiple Indian languages and an interface to capture the ground truth corresponding to the text. We use transliterated English text and virtual keyboards in a range of Indian languages for this purpose. The multilingual data entry capabilities of the tool and its underlying UNICODE data representation within a structured XML document also allow users to annotate passages of text in one language in other languages using a markup scheme to switch between scripts. Text and annotations are rendered in the appropriate scripts as the text is being annotated, thus providing users prompt and natural feedback. The XML back-end allows meta-data to be recorded describing the annotated document.
A Syntactic Approach to Rationality in Games

We consider strategic-form games with ordinal payoffs and provide a syntactic analysis of common belief/knowledge of rationality, which we define axiomatically. Two axioms are considered. The first says that a player is irrational if she chooses a particular strategy while believing that another strategy is better. We show that common belief of this weak notion of rationality characterizes the iterated deletion of pure strategies that are strictly dominated by pure strategies. The second axiom says that a player is irrational if she chooses a particular strategy while believing that a different strategy is at least as good and she considers it possible that this alternative strategy is actually better than the chosen one. We show that common knowledge of this stronger notion of rationality characterizes the restriction to pure strategies of the iterated deletion procedure introduced by Stalnaker (1994).
A Long Polycentric Journey

In this account, I discuss my own personal journey and the efforts of many of us associated with the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University to develop better analyses of how institutions affect behavior and outcomes in diverse settings. First, I reflect on my experience as a young student and in my early career, primarily to encourage those who face obstacles. Then, I discuss our institutional analysis and our research on urban governance and common-pool resources, which helped me to develop more general frameworks for the analysis of complex systems over time. The frameworks have enabled us to dig into and analyze system structure, behavior, and outcomes to make and test coherent predictions and build better theory. Last, I share some ideas concerning future scholarly directions.
Development of a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engine electronic control module tables – Part 2: modelling and optimization

This is the second part of a study investigating a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engines. The first part addressed the data requirements and data processing required for empirical transient emission and torque models. The current work focuses on modelling and optimization. The unexpected result of this investigation is that when trained on transient data, simple regression models perform better than more powerful methods such as neural networks or localized regression. This result has been attributed to extrapolation over data that have estimated rather than measured transient air-handling parameters. The challenges of detecting and preventing extrapolation using statistical methods that work well with steady-state data have been explained. The concept of constraining the distribution of statistical leverage relative to the distribution of the starting solution to prevent extrapolation during the optimization process has been proposed and demonstrated. Separate from the issue of ext...
Survivorship education for Latina breast cancer survivors: Empowering Survivors through education.

Results: Findings provide evidence that the one-on-one tailored approach is a feasible and acceptable method of providing a bilingual psychosocial intervention. The provision of printed bilingual information along with the verbal instruction from a bilingual and culturally competent health care provider can be effective in helping Latina breast cancer survivor’s transition successfully into survivorship, improve QOL and contribute to better patient outcomes. Conclusions: The study informs our understanding of the cultural context in patient education content and delivery of psychosocial interventions. The fi ndings may also have relevance for other ethnic minority cancer survivors.
NR4A Orphan Nuclear Receptors: Transcriptional Regulators of Gene Expression in Metabolism and Vascular Biology

Members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and the liver X receptor subfamilies, orchestrate transcriptional networks involved in the control of metabolism and the development of vascular disease. In addition to these well-characterized ligand-activated transcription factors, the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily comprises many orphan receptors, whose ligands and physiological functions remain unknown. Among this group of orphan receptors is the NR4A subfamily, including Nur77 (NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2), and NOR1 (NR4A3). These orphan NRs constitute an evolutionary ancient and highly conserved group of transcription factors. In contrast to other members of the superfamily, NR4A receptors function as ligand-independent transcription factors and immediate- or early-response genes, which are rapidly induced by a pleiotropy of environmental cues. Early functional studies have pointed to a critical role of NR4A receptors in regulating differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. More recent research has characterized NR4A receptors as key transcriptional regulators of glucose and lipid homeostasis, adipogenesis, inflammation, and vascular remodeling. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular biology and physiological functions of NR4A receptors and discuss their role in the transcriptional control of metabolism and vascular remodeling.
Case Method: Its Potential For Training Administrators

Case Method is a technique already used to train professionals, such as lawyers and sociologists. It also has merit as a school administrator prepa ration tool.
Operative versus nonoperative management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background:Despite several randomized controlled trials comparing operative to nonoperative management of Achilles tendon ruptures, the optimal management of this condition remains the subject of significant debate. Rerupture is a known complication, but most level I studies have not shown a significant difference in the incidence of reruptures when comparing operative to nonoperative management.Purpose:The goal of this systematic review was to identify all randomized controlled trials comparing operative and nonoperative management of Achilles tendon ruptures and to meta-analyze the data with reruptures being the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes including strength, time to return to work, and other complications were analyzed as well.Study Design:Meta-analysis.Methods:We searched multiple online databases to identify English-language, prospective randomized controlled trials comparing open surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures to nonoperative management. Rerupture was our primary outcome. ...
Regime Change A Test of Structuralist and Functionalist Explanations

This article examines two plausible rival explanations of regime change. The first explanation, a structuralist argument, holds that regimes change because they are not constructed properly. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that the coherence in authority relations (that is, consistently democratic or consistently autocratic features) of a polity is a necessary condition for the lengthy persistence of that polity. The second explanation, a functionalist argument, holds that regimes change because they do not perform properly. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that the cumulation of performance crises (that is, any combination of high mass illegitimacy, high mass strife, and low decisional efficacy) of a polity is a sufficient condition for its quick demise. These two rival explanations of regime change are not mutually exclusive. Hence, we attempt a synthesis of the structuralist and functionalist arguments by suggesting two further hypotheses: that the coherence in authority relations and noncumul...
Obtaining Structure-Borne Input Power for a SEA Model of an Earthmoving Machine Cab

Properly characterizing input forces is an important part of simulating structure-borne noise problems. The purpose of this work was to apply a known force reconstruction technique to an earthmoving machinery cab to obtain input functions for modeling purposes. The technique was performed on a cab under controlled laboratory conditions to gain confidence in the method prior to use on actual machines. Forces were measured directly using force transducers and compared to results from the force reconstruction technique. The measured forces and vibrations were used as input power to an SEA model with favorable results.
Resolving Land Use Conflicts

Abstract The rapid increase in the population of the United States and the expansion of the poultry industry to meet the increased demand has put the poultry industry and their neighbors on a collision course involving land use conflicts. The proper siting of poultry facilities resolves land use conflicts before they arise. A cooperative program involving industry, the public, and representatives of local government for the development of siting and management guidelines is outlined. Siting and management guidelines were developed that can be adapted to poultry producing areas nationwide.
Microstructure-Property Relations in Melt Processed and Spark Plasma Sintered Ceramic Waste Forms

The use of nuclear power to generate electricity necessitates methods to immobilize waste generated from those processes. There are many proposed waste form technologies for the storage of nuclear waste such as vitrification, hot isostatic pressing, melt formation, and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Titanatebased ceramic waste forms specifically SYNROC [1] and derivative materials have been widely studied for their potential to accommodate a large variety of radionuclides. The major phases targeted in SYNROC compositions are zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7), hollandite (BaxCsyAl2x+yTi8-2x-yO16), and perovskite/pyrochlore (CaTiO3/A2B2O7, where A and B are different 3+ or 4+ cations). Zirconolite and perovskite/pyrochlore are targeted to immobilize the majority of actinides, while fission products (Cs and Sr) are immobilized in hollandite phases.
Kinetics of IL-10 production after segmental antigen challenge of atopic asthmatic subjects☆☆☆

Abstract Background: IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine made by lymphocytes, monocytes-macrophages, and eosinophils, and it may have an important role in regulating the asthmatic inflammatory response. IL-10 levels have been reported to be reduced in asthmatic airways, potentially contributing to more intense inflammation. Objective: We sought to determine whether IL-10 levels were deficient in patients with mild asthma compared with controls and to determine whether IL-10 levels were associated with the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation. Methods: We quantified IL-10 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (ELISA), BAL cells (quantitative immunocytochemistry), purified alveolar macrophages-monocytes studied ex vivo (ELISA), before (day 1) and after (24 hours [day 2], 1 week [day 9], and 2 weeks [day 16]) segmental antigen challenge (SAC), and investigated the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on ex vivo macrophage-monocyte IL-10 production. Results: IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the BAL fluid of mild asthmatic subjects who demonstrated a dual reaction (both early and late) after whole lung ragweed inhalation challenge compared with nonallergic, nonasthmatic control subjects before and 24 hours and 1 week after SAC. Macro-phages-monocytes obtained before and after SAC from asthmatic patients also secreted increased amounts of IL-10 ex vivo than those from controls. Dexamethasone did not significantly change spontaneous IL-10 secretion from macrophages-monocytes in vitro. Quantitative immunocytochemical analysis of BAL cells demonstrated increased IL-10 in macrophages 24 hours after SAC and a similar trend in eosinophils. Conclusion: IL-10 is not deficient in mild asthma. Furthermore, BAL IL-10 levels are significantly higher in asthmatic subjects with a dual response than in control subjects before and after SAC. The increase in IL-10 was coincident with the initial increase in BAL eosinophils, although BAL eosinophilia persisted after IL-10 levels had returned to baseline, suggesting that the increased IL-10 levels could not promptly terminate this localized eosinophilic response. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:880-6.)
Some CC bond constructions on monosaccharides using cobaloxime-mediated radical alkyl-nitroalkylanion cross coupling reactions

Abstract The formation of monosaccharide cobaloximes and their cross coupling reactions with nitroalkyl anions are demonstrated to be useful in CC bond constructions to produce branched-chain monosaccharides.
Experimental Investigation Of The Dependence Of Radar Sackscattering On Wind Speed , Wind Stress And Wave Height

During summer 1988, radar measurements were performed in conjunction with detailed environmental observations on Lake Washington at the University of Washington Sand Point field station. Radar data were collected at 5.3 and 10 GHz for incidence angles between 30 and 60 deg with VV-polarization. The environmental measurements included wind speed and direction, large-wave heights, the high-frequency portion of the wave spectrum, humidity, and air and water temperatures. The small-scale wave spectrum was measured using a resistance wire gauge. The results show that backscatter increased with wind speed as expected. However, little difference was observed in the scattering coefficient for upwind and crosswind directions. The results also indicated an increase in the amplitude of small waves with friction velocity.
Controlling exciton transport in conjugated polymers: ultrafast studies of aligned MEH-PPV/mesoporous silica composite materials

Femtosecond emission anisotropy shows how composites consisting of semiconducting MEH-PPV polymer chains embedded into the channels of oriented, hexagonal nanoporous silica glass allow control over both interchain energy transfer and exciton migration in the polymer.
Abstract 153: Post-procedural New Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aoritc Valve Implantation versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is performed in patients with severe aortic stenosis who are not a candidate for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). New onset post-operative atrial fibrillation is a common complication after SAVR and has also been reported after TAVI in clinical trials and registries. The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare incidence of post-procedural new onset atrial fibrillation in patients who underwent TAVI versus SAVR. Methods: PubMed and the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials were searched through January 2015. Six studies (n= 1173) which reported incidence of post-procedural new onset atrial fibrillation comparing TAVI (n=596) and SAVR (n=577) were included. End point was post-procedural new onset atrial fibrillation. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed and p<0.05 was considered as a level of significance. Results: The studies were homogeneous. Incidence of post-procedural new onset atrial fibrill...
Law: Mono Lake Changes the Law

(1983). Law. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 5-44.
Abstract A160: Characterization of novel regulators for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers mesenchymal properties on epithelial cells and has been closely associated with the acquisition of aggressive traits of breast cancer cells. Recently, a few kinases, such as FYN and c-Met, were reported to participate in regulating EMT. However, the roles of the majority of >700 human kinases in EMT and breast cancer progression are still unknown. Here we carried out human kinase cDNA screens to identify novel regulators of EMT. Many unknown EMT regulators and a few known ones such as PI3K, PDGFRA, FYN and c-Met, were found to up-regulate mesenchymal marker vimentin. Some also increase expression of fibronectin and N-cadherin, as well as EMT transcriptional regulators, such as ZEB1/2, Snail and Slug. At the same time, the cells acquired mesenchymal phenotypes, such as increased migration/invasion activity, enhanced capability to survive and proliferate in growth factor deprivation condition or under drug treatments. Interestingly, FACS analysis also showed a substantial increase in CD44hiCD24low population in kinase-transducted mammary gland epithelial cells. The increase of CD44hi population could be attributed to increase of a CD44 mesenchymal variant - the standard form CD44s and decrease of the epithelial variant CD44 v8-10. And this alternation was associated with down-regulation of ESRP1 and ESRP2, two splicing factors that regulate CD44 splicing and EMT. Furthermore, the mammary gland epithelial cells undergoing EMT showed increase capability of forming mammosphere and differentiating into other lineages, such as osteoblast and adipocyte. Importantly, some of these novel EMT regulators are associated with TNBC, stemness and poor prognostics of human breast cancers. One novel regulator, a poorly studied serine/threonine protein kinase, was tested in vivo and found to be capable of generating primary tumor and metastasis at much higher efficiency. Further study of these novel EMT regulators promises to provide new mechanisms of breast cancer progression, and may also lead to development of new prognostic markers and therapeutics. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A160. Citation Format: Linna Li, Emily Lu, Jeffrey Chang, Wenliang Li. Characterization of novel regulators for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A160.
Changing patterns of morbidity and mortality in HIV disease

In patients with HIV infection, highly active antiretroviral therapy is improving survival, but at the price of a variety of metabolic side effects. Patterns of morbidity and mortality are changing: the leading cause of death is now kidney or liver failure instead of opportunistic infections.
Synthesis and Characterization of A Class of Hyperbranched Functional Molecular Skeleton

In this paper,hyperbranched functional molecular skeleton terminated with ester and amido groups,with carbon chain length of 12 and 16 were synthesized by divergent method by means of C12 and C16 fatty amine as the core,and then separately with methyl acrylate and ethylenediamine alternating Michael addition reaction and amidation condensation reaction.The structure of synthesized products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis.The IR results showed that the four kinds of products belonged to two kinds of molecular structure which attributed to the structure terminated with ester and amido groups,the result was entirely consistent with the theory,while the determination results of elemental analysis also proved preliminary that the structures of products were consistent with those of designed target molecules.
99 TESTOSTERONE MODULATES TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR β SIGNALING PATHWAY GENES IN MESENCHYMAL PLURIPOTENT C3H 10T1/2 STEM CELLS: IMPLICATIONS IN REGULATION OF BODY COMPOSITION.

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family members play important roles in directing the fate of mesenchymal stem cells. We have previously demonstrated that testosterone promotes the commitment of pluripotent C3H 10T1/2 cells to promote myogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis via androgen receptor (AR)-dependent pathway. The objective of our current study is to identify possible target genes in TGF-β signaling pathway which may be regulated by androgens. Our microarray analysis in C3H 10T1/2 cells treated with or without testosterone (100 nM) for either 3 hours (early) or 4 days (late) suggest that T significantly up-regulates several genes, including FKBP1B, a regulator of type I receptor, follistatin (Fst, which binds and inhibits myostatin (Mst), a well-known inhibitor of muscle mass, Smad 7, BMP10, RunX1, GDF1, and GDF3, whereas it down-regulates Smad2/3 among other genes. In parallel studies we assessed the effects of T treatment on myostatin (a positive regulator of TGF-β, also termed GDF8) induced genes. Our data suggest that T up-regulates Fst, RunX1, Smad7, and several other genes in these cells pretreated with Mst. We confirmed these findings by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. Our immunocytochemical and Western blot analysis data suggest that testosterone inhibits Smad 2/3 phosphorylation induced by recombinant Mst and TGF-β and up-regulates Smad7, an inhibitory Smad in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Combined with our previous findings that T activates AR/β-catenin/TCF4 pathway to up-regulate Fst (Singh et al, 2005, Endocrinology), a known Wnt downstream target gene and inhibitor of TGF-β signaling, with a putative TCF4 binding site in the promoter region, our current data suggest that T may mediate its inhibitory action on the TGF-β pathway to regulate the fate of pluripotent stem cells. Our findings may provide a rationale for targeting key components of TGF-β family pathway genes that are responsible for regulating muscle, fat, and bone differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and thereby regulate body composition.
Individual Infusion of Information Systems: The Role of Adaptation and Individual Cognitions

Information system (IS) infusion denotes the degree to which an IS is fully integrated into an organization’s or individual’s work practices, and the degree to which the full potential of the IS is being exploited. Most infusion research has focused on broad antecedents of the construct at an organizational level. The current study examines infusion at an individual level. Specifically, it examines how the adaptation process impacts individual-level IS infusion. Based on theories of adaptation and cognition, a theoretical model of IS adaptation and infusion is developed. The model will be tested using a multi-method field study at a large health care provider firm. This research will contribute to theoretical understanding of the influence of the IS adaptation process on IS infusion and provide insight for managers who are interested in fostering IS infusion in their organizations.
MPEG-4 simple profile transcoder for low-data-rate wireless applications

A synchronization scheme that can specify the start position of each macroblock in a compressed video bitstream for low data rate wireless applications is proposed by extending the Error Resilient Entropy Coding (EREC) method. Our scheme is implemented in the form of a transcoder, placed before and after the channel, of a MPEG-4 Simple Profile bitstream. We compare our proposed technique using reconstructed video quality (measured in PSNR) and the length of the extra redundancy bits incurred by the transcoder with the error resilient tools of H.263 + . A simple syntax-based codeword repair method is also proposed so that the transcoder generates a MPEG-4 compliant bitstream which can then be decoded with a standard MPEG-4 decoder such as MoMuSys (FDIS V1.0).
Inequality of Happiness: Evidence of the Compression of the Subjective-Wellbeing Distribution with Economic Growth

The use of Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) measures in economics research has grown markedly (Kahneman and Krueger 2006). This has come about for at least two reasons. First, the measures have been systematically validated as reliable for examining a range of questions. Second, economists have long relied on income as a proxy for wellbeing. However, research shows that there are potentially large slippages between economic indicators and wellbeing (Diener and Seligman 2004). Thus, SWB measures have become an important alternative proxy for wellbeing. Indeed, SWB measures have also caught the attention of policy makers. The OECD launched the Better Life Index in 2011 as an alternative wellbeing measure; and the former French President Nicolas Sarkozy formed the Stiglitz Commission in 2008 to identify the limits of gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of wellbeing and to identify alternative measures (Stiglitz, Sen, and Fitoussi 2010).
Catalytic cracking of sunflower oil under Zr catalysts using thermogravimetry

Catalytic cracking of vegetable oils is an alternative method for the production of biofuels. The use of catalysts such as MCM-41 with zirconium results in the presence of acid sites that favor the cracking reactions, where their catalytic activity can be evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The present work aimed to prepare and determine the physicochemical properties of a catalyst based on MCM-41 incorporated with different percentages of zirconium. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, adsorption and desorption of N2, energy-dispersive X-ray, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG). In addition, their catalytic behavior has been evaluated in the catalytic cracking of sunflower oil, through the TG/DTG/DSC thermal analysis techniques. The amount of the zirconium oxide incorporated into MCM-41 support has not destroyed the typical structure of MCM-41, and the insertion promoted a change to the pore diameter and pore volume, indicating the presence of oxide inside the pores and on the external area. All catalysts developed activity in sunflower oil cracking, even at low percentage of ZrO2, especially the Zr2-MCM-41 sample, which obtained more efficiency. Thus, all catalysts are promising for use in cracking, and thermogravimetric analysis has been proved effective for monitoring the catalytic activity.
Activity: Acrostic crossword

The acrostic crossword is an activity that I have developed for my introductory astronomy classes to test the students understanding of basic concepts and vocabulary learned in the course. Working in small groups, the students guess and write a few words in a crossword, according to the given definitions. The initial letters of each of these words form a new word (the acrostic). The students then need to provide their own definition of the acrostic and draw an image that illustrates the acrostic. A possible variation is to draw a concept map that logically links all the words used in the crossword.
Propagation Handbook for Wireless Communication System Design

PROPAGATION PHENOMENA AFFECTING WIRELESS SYSTEMS Types of Systems Design Criteria Antenna Considerations Propagation Effects Propagation Models Model Verification Statistics and Risk List of Symbols References PROPAGATION FUNDAMENTALS Maxwell's Equations Plane Waves Spherical Waves Reflection and Refraction Geometrical Optics Ray Tracing Scalar Diffraction Theory Geometrical Theory of Diffraction List of Symbols References ABSORPTION Molecular Absorption Absorption on a Slant Path ACTS Statistics List of Symbols References REFRACTION Ray Bending Path Delay Scintillation List of Symbols References ATTENUATION BY CLOUDS AND RAIN Rain Rain Attenuation Seasonal Rain Attenuation Statistics Fade Duration Fade Rate Rain Attenuation Models List of Symbols References APPENDICES INDEX Short TOC
Primate Audition: Reception, Perception, and Ecology

The auditory system of nonhuman primates shows evidence of many similarities to humans, such as specializations for the processing of vocalizations overall, processing species-specific vocalizations in particular, and in some cases, the recognition of specific individuals based on call structure. Additionally, nonhuman primates are similar to humans in their excellent localization acuity. Nonhuman primates show differences from humans, though, and not only in the subtleties of the aforementioned abilities. With respect to overall auditory sensitivity, primates have traditionally been portrayed as unspecialized, although there is variation between species. Species in the semiorder Strepsirrhini are, on average, more adept at detecting higher frequencies, whereas the Haplorhini are, on average, more adept at detecting lower frequencies. In addition, a well-supported allometric model explains that smaller headed species with smaller interaural distances need to utilize high-frequency cues for sound localization. Overall auditory sensitivity, particularly to high frequencies, also has been related to increased sociality in some primates. The lack of identification of additional broad trends and relationships between audition and ecology may be partially attributed to the limited dataset, which lacks representation from several major taxonomic subgroups. Additionally, order-wide trends may be minimal given the many possible reasons why enhanced or reduced sensitivity to certain frequency regions may be beneficial for different species. These are just a few of the many facets of primate audition that need to be explored in more depth through additional data gathered via continually evaluated and refined methodologies.
Prolapse recurrence following sacrocolpopexy vs uterosacral ligament suspension: a comparison stratified by Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage.

Background Insufficient evidence evaluates which pelvic organ prolapse surgery is best suited to an individual woman based on the stage of her prolapse. Objective We sought to compare prolapse recurrence rates following sacrocolpopexy and uterosacral ligament suspension after stratifying by preoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage. Study Design We compared all women who underwent minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy or vaginal or minimally invasive uterosacral ligament suspension from 2009 through 2015 at a large academic center. All women with preoperative and postoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification data were included. Patients were grouped by preoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage for analysis. Recurrence rates following sacrocolpopexy and uterosacral ligament suspension were compared for patients presenting with stage II, III, and IV prolapse, adjusting for potential confounders in regression models. Prolapse recurrence was defined as any retreatment for prolapse or any Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification point beyond the hymen. Results Of 756 women, 633 underwent sacrocolpopexy (83.7%) and 123 (16.3%) underwent uterosacral ligament suspension. In all, 189 (25%) had preoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage II prolapse, 527 (69.7%) stage III, and 40 (5.3%) stage IV. Patients were predominantly Caucasian (97.3%) with mean age 59.8 ± 9.5 years. Compared to uterosacral ligament suspension patients, more sacrocolpopexy patients had undergone prior prolapse repair (20.9% vs 5.7%, P P = .034). Characteristics of the groups were otherwise similar. Median follow-up was 41.0 (interquartile range 13.0-88.8) weeks. Stage II prolapse patients had similar recurrence rates following sacrocolpopexy or uterosacral ligament suspension (6.0% vs 5.0, P = 1.00). However, stage III prolapse patients were more likely to experience recurrence following uterosacral ligament suspension (25.7% vs 7.8%, P Conclusion Sacrocolpopexy results in a lower prolapse recurrence rate than uterosacral ligament suspension for stage III prolapse. However, there was no difference in recurrence rate among women with preoperative stage II prolapse, suggesting mesh augmentation may not be indicated for these patients. Larger prospective trials are necessary for confirmation.
Directions from the GET-GO :

Directional resultatives show puzzling syntactic restrictions. In Romance, broadly speaking, they do not occur at all with manner-of-motion verbs. In Dutch, directional resultatives with mannerof- motion verbs usually force postpositional order in the directional PP — but prepositional order is grammatical under cir cumstances that have so far defied a unified and insightful account. Focusing primarily on Dutch, this paper presents an analysis of directional resultative constructions and the syntactic representation of manner of motion which is centred around the following main claims: (a) directional resultative construc tions with manner-of-motion verbs can in principle be built on either of two structures, one featuring the light verb GO and the other the light verb GET; (b) while both light verbs take a small-clausal complement, GET takes one that is headed by a particle; (c) the particle in GET-constructions can license a null directional P in the struc ture of directional PPs built on a non-inherently directional adposition, and deliver prepositional order; (d) the absence of a particle in GO-constructions forces the null directional P in directional PPs built on non-inherently directional adpositions to either incorporate into GO or have the locative P embedded in its com plement to raise up to it; (e) manner-of-motion verbs have a MANNER component adjoined to GO/GET; (f) P–incorporation into MANNER-modified GO/GET is inadmissible (due to a ban on multiple adjunction to the same head); (g) in GO+MANNER structures, a null directional P can hence be licensed only by having a loc a tive P raise up to it; (h) raising of a locative P up to a directional P results in postpositional word order in Dutch, whereas the absence of raising of PLoc up to PDir delivers prepositional surface order.
Gene-Gene and Gene-Environment Interactions

Identifying gene-gene and gene-environment interactions may help us to better describe the genetic architecture for complex traits. While advances have been made in identifying genetic variants associated with complex traits through more dense panels of genetic variants and larger sample sizes, genome-wide interaction analyses are still limited in power to detect interactions with small effect sizes, rare frequencies, and higher order interactions. This chapter outlines methods for detecting both gene-gene and gene-environment interactions both through explicit tests for interactions (i.e., ones in which the interaction is tested directly) and non-explicit tests (i.e., ones in which an interaction is allowed for in the test, but does not test for the interaction directly) as well as approaches for increasing power by reducing the search space. Issues relating to multiple test correction, replication, and the reporting of interaction results in publications.
Effectiveness of Landowner Assistance Activities: An Examination of the USDA Forest Service's Forest Stewardship Program

The USDA Forest Service’s Forest Stewardship Program (FSP) is the nation’s most prominent private forestry assistance program. We examined the FSP using a multiple analytic approach: analysis of annual FSP accomplishments, survey of state FSP coordinators, analytic comparison of family forest owners receiving and not receiving forestry practice assistance, and focus groups with family forest owners. We found the FSP reaches a small fraction of eligible landowners; states use FSP funds to address local private forestland issues; landowners obtaining assistance commonly associated with the FSP (e.g., management plans) differ from others in sociodemographics, ownership objectives, and land management actions but not in terms of intent to sell/subdivide forestland; and traditional FSP activities are not influencing inactive family forest owners to become active managers. We believe current practices (e.g., state-level flexibility) help the FSP reach its goals, alternative assistance-related efforts may increase the reach of the FSP and support strategic goals, and data collection improvements may enrich future FSP evaluations.
“No Regrets” Tax Reform

I spoke here a year ago on a comprehensive approach to greenhouse gas warming and I presented estimates of what our emissions are today and what they are likely to be ten years from now. I would like to discuss two things with you today.
Logic and feature structures

Feature structures play an important role in linguistic knowledge representation in computational linguistics. Given the proliferation of different feature structure formalisms it is useful to have a "common language" to express them in. This paper shows how a variety of feature structures and constraints on them can be expressed in predicate logic (except for the use of circumscription for non-monotonic devices), including sorted feature values, subsumption constraints and the non-monotonic ANY values and "constraint equations". Many feature systems can be completely axiomatized in the Schonfinkel-Bernays class of first-order formulae, so the decidability of the satisfiability and validity problems for these systems follows immediately.
The role of psychological distress in the relationship between the severity of pressure injury and pain intensity in hospitalized adults.

Aims To examine the effect of psychological distress in mediating the relationship between the severity of pressure injury and pain intensity in hospitalized adults. Background Despite the prevalence of pressure injury (previously known as pressure ulcers) in hospitalized adults, the current knowledge of pain associated with pressure injury is limited and findings are inconsistent. There is also a lack of understanding of the relationship between psychological distress and pain from pressure injury. Design Retrospective cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from electronic health records. Methods The data were retrieved from the third day of admission in the period between 2013 - 2016 through the Integrated Data Repository (IDR). Electronic health records were reviewed to collect data as needed. The mediation effect was tested by using path analysis implemented through Mplus. Results Path analysis revealed that the severity of pressure injuries and psychological distress have significant direct effects on pain intensity in hospitalized adults. However, the relationship between the severity of pressure injury and pain intensity was not significantly mediated by psychological distress. Conclusion Hospitalized adults who have more severe pressure injury and more treatments for psychological distress experienced greater pain intensity. Healthcare providers must pay attention to treating psychological distress among hospitalized adults to manage pain. Further study is needed to validate these findings and it should incorporate more appropriate measures of psychological distress. The lack of standardized nursing documentation in electronic health records severely limits the usefulness of data from electronic health records for nursing research.
Prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression, angiogenesis, and hypoxia in melanoma brain metastases (MBM): A histopathologic analysis.

9038 Background: We have previously shown that presence of intratumoral hemorrhage and absence of immune infiltrates in craniotomy specimens of MBM are associated with shorter overall survival (OS)...
Abstract WMP97: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Recurrence

Background: Race/ethnicity is associated with risk of first-ever spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the influence of race/ethnicity on risk of ICH recurrence has not been well studied ...
Institutional betrayal following military sexual trauma is associated with more severe depression and specific posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters

Objective Preliminary research suggests that perceptions of institutional betrayal are associated with more severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, as well as suicide attempts in military sexual trauma (MST) survivors. However, results have not been replicated. Additionally, associations of institutional betrayal with specific PTSD symptom clusters or sexual function are understudied. Method Female service members/veterans who reported experiencing MST (N = 679) completed self-report measures of PTSD and depression symptom severity, suicidal ideation, and sexual function. Institutional betrayal was assessed from free-text descriptions of self-reported index traumas. Results Institutional betrayal was significantly associated with more severe depression and PTSD symptoms, including avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, re-experiencing, and dysphoric arousal. Conclusions Targeting specific PTSD and depressive symptoms through evidence-based treatment may be important for managing institutional betrayal sequelae. Future research should identify specific strategies to help support survivors in their recovery following institutional betrayal.
Modulating electronic coupling at the quantum dot/molecule interface by wavefunction engineering

In this work, we use wavefunction engineering by varying the size of Quantum Dots (QDs) and tuning the delocalization (or diffuseness) of frontier orbitals of an acceptor molecule to modulate charge transfer dynamics at the QD/molecule interface. For this purpose, we apply our recently developed bulk-adjusted linear combination of atomic orbitals (BA-LCAO) approach for nanostructures and a density functional theory (DFT) for the acceptor molecules. These electronic structure calculations, combined with extensive molecular dynamics simulations using a fragmented molecular mechanics (FraMM) force field, reveal intimate details of charge transfer across the QD/Acceptor interface. For the spherical wurtzite-(CdSe)201 and (CdSe)693 nanostructures, as model QDs with respective 2.8 and 4.1 nm diameters, and anthraquinone-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and its derivatives with the 7-OH, 7-OF, 10-BH, and 10-CH2 substituents, as model molecular acceptors, we find that (1) both the electron donating and withdrawing groups greatly enhance hole transfer by means of diffusing the acceptor HOMO; (2) electron transfer is affected only by the electron donating groups; (3) solvent effects are largely negligible for the orbital overlaps, and (4) consistent with spatial confinement theories, the electron density of the smaller QD penetrates farther into the vacuum than the corresponding density of the larger QD leading to stronger coupling with the acceptor. These findings suggest that (a) one can effectively control charge transfer across the QD/molecule interface by either changing the size of the QD or by tuning diffuseness of frontier orbitals of the acceptor molecule and (b) the combination of the recently developed BA-LCAO approach for QDs with a DFT for the acceptor molecules, facilitated by the use of the FraMM force field and extensive molecular dynamics simulations, provide qualitatively accurate description of charge transfer dynamics at the QD/acceptor interface.
Quantitative Assessment of CMTM6 in the Tumor Microenvironment and Association with Response to PD-1 Pathway Blockade in Advanced-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Introduction CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) has been described as a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) regulator at the protein level by modulating stability through ubiquitination. In this study, we describe the patterns of CMTM6 expression and assess its association with response to programmed cell death 1 pathway blockade in NSCLC. Methods We used multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence to determine the expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in 438 NSCLCs represented in tissue microarrays, including in two independent retrospective cohorts of immunotherapy-treated (n = 69) and non–immunotherapy-treated (n = 258) patients and a third collection of EGFR- and KRAS-genotyped tumors (n = 111). Results Tumor and stromal CMTM6 expression was detected in approximately 70% of NSCLCs. CMTM6 expression was not associated with clinical features or EGFR/KRAS mutational status and showed a modest correlation with T-cell infiltration (R2 Conclusion This study supports the mechanistic role for CMTM6 in stabilization of PD-L1 in patient tumors and suggests that high coexpression of CMTM6 and PD-L1, particularly in stromal immune cells (macrophages), might identify the greatest benefit from programmed cell death 1 axis blockade in NSCLC.
Parametric resonances in nonlinear plasmonics [Invited]

In the context of nonlinear plasmonics, we review the recently introduced concept of plasmonic parametric resonance (PPR) and discuss potential applications of such phenomena. PPR arises from the temporal modulation of one or more of the parameters governing the dynamics of a plasmonic system and can lead to the amplification of high-order sub-radiant plasmonic modes. The theory of PPR is reviewed, possible schemes of implementation are proposed, and applications in optical limiting are discussed.
Marijuana use and subsequent cigarette use among U.S. adolescents: A longitudinal study.

Abstract Background The extant literature on the relationship between marijuana and tobacco among youth is mixed. The present study examined the temporal association of marijuana use with subsequent cigarette use in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Methods We used data from Waves 1, 2 and 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health. A propensity score method was used to address imbalance between marijuana ever and non-ever users. Logistic regressions were used to examine the temporal associations of marijuana ever use at Wave 1 on cigarette use at Waves 2 and 3 among youth that were classified as never cigarette users at Wave 1. Results Among the 422 youth marijuana ever users at Wave 1, 15.5% reported subsequent past 12-month (P12M) cigarette use and 8.2% reported subsequent past 30-day (P30D) cigarette use at Wave 2. Of the 7924 youth never marijuana users at Wave 1, 3.5% reported P12M cigarette use and 1.4% reported P30D cigarette use. Youth marijuana ever users at Wave 1 were more likely to report P12M cigarette use (aOR = 5.11; 95% CI 2.91–8.95) and P30D cigarette use (aOR = 6.14; 95% CI 2.89–13.04) at Wave 2. Conclusions Our findings suggest that youth marijuana ever users were more likely to report subsequent P12M cigarette use and P30D cigarette use. Given the known health effects related to both products, findings suggest there is a need for continued monitoring of both marijuana and cigarette use among adolescents, especially in a rapidly changing regulatory environment.
Features of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 and 2A in a Patient With Both RET and MEN1 Germline Mutations

The coexistence of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and type 2A (MEN2A) is a rare occurrence and has been reported only twice in the literature. We present a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and medullary thyroid cancer with strong family history of both MEN1- and MEN2A-associated conditions. Genetic testing showed the patient had a novel MEN1 loss-of-function mutation, c0.525_526insTT (p.Ala176Leufs*10), and an uncommon Cys630Tyr RET mutation. This case highlights the importance of obtaining a detailed family history when heritable endocrine disorders are suspected.