cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends in the Spatial Distribution of Impervious Cover Relative to Stream Location

Use of impervious cover is transitioning from an indicator of surface water condition to one that also guides and informs watershed planning and management, including Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq.) reporting. Whether it is for understanding surface water condition or planning and management, impervious cover is most commonly expressed as summary measurement (e.g., percentage watershed in impervious cover). We use the National Land Cover Database to estimate impervious cover in the vicinity of surface waters for three time periods (2001, 2006, 2011). We also compare impervious cover in the vicinity of surface waters to watershed summary estimates of impervious cover for classifying the spatial pattern of impervious cover. Between 2001 and 2011, surface water shorelines (streams and water bodies) in the vicinity of impervious cover increased nearly 10,000 km. Across all time periods, approximately 27% of the watersheds in the continental United States had proximally distributed impervious cover, i.e., the percentage of impervious cover in the vicinity of surface waters was higher than its watershed summary expression. We discuss how impervious cover spatial pattern can be used to inform watershed planning and management, including reporting under the Clean Water Act.
Analysis of Use Wear on Ceramic Potter’s Tools

Analyses of the distribution and nature of abrasion on ceramic rings from the third millennium B.C. portion of the Godin III pottery assemblage in western Iran (2600-1400 B.C.) indicate that it represents use wear. Residual scars on pottery vessels and reconstruction of vessel forming sequences support identification of these rings as potter's tools. They provide interconnections among varied sizes of Buff Common ware vessels made using different forming and finishing methods. This strengthens the inference of workshop production by specialist potters who make the full range of Buff Common ware vessels.
Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn due to Intravenous Drug Use

Objectives The objective is to present a pregnancy complication associated with intravenous drug use, namely, that of red blood cell alloimmunization and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Methods An observational case series is presented including women with red blood cell alloimmunization most likely secondary to intravenous drug abuse Results Five pregnancies were identified that were complicated by red blood cell alloimmunization and significant hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, necessitating intrauterine transfusion, an indicated preterm birth, or neonatal therapy. Conclusions As opioid abuse continues to increase in the United States, clinicians should be aware of the potential for alloimmunization to red blood cell antibodies as yet another negative outcome from intravenous drug abuse.
Influence of organic pollutants in source water on formation of chlorinated disinfection byproducts in drinking water

Objective:To discuss the influence of organic pollutants in source water on the formation of chlorinated disinfection byproducts in drinking water.Methods:Trihalomethanes,haloacetic acids and potassium permanganate oxygen consumption in finished water and peripheral water of the 36 waterworks in Zigong were determined by gas chromatograph and colorimeter.Results:The disinfection byproducts were detected in defferent degrees in all of the 36 waterworks.Conclusion:The influencing factors of disinfection byproducts in water were consisted of the type of source water and organic pollution,the disinfection byproducts increased in the water of river and the source water with high oxygen consumption.
A Tight Lower Bound for High Frequency Moment Estimation with Small Error

We show an Ω((n 1 − 2/p logM)/e 2) bits of space lower bound for (1 + e)-approximating the p-th frequency moment \(F_p = \|x\|_p^p = \sum_{i=1}^n |x_i|^p\) of a vector x ∈ { − M, − M + 1, …, M} n with constant probability in the turnstile model for data streams, for any p > 2 and e ≥ 1/n 1/p (we require e ≥ 1/n 1/p since there is a trivial O(n logM) upper bound). This lower bound matches the space complexity of an upper bound of Ganguly for any e 2 and e ≥ 1/n 1/p . This is again optimal for e < 1/log O(1) n.
Grundlagen des Aufgabenfeldes

Die vorliegende Dissertation beschaftigt sich mit der biometrischen Authentifizierung. Deshalb mussen sowohl Grundlagen zur IT-Sicherheit als auch zur Authentifizierung und Biometrie definiert werden. Im Anschluss wird auf multi-biometrische Verfahren und deren Fusion sowie auf die allgemeinen Probleme bei der biometrischen Authentifizierung eingegangen.
P085 : RAPID METHOD TO ELIMINATE HIGH BACKGROUND ON LUMINEX-SINGLE ANTIGEN BEADS (L-SAB) IN SERA FROM PATIENTS WITH VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES (VAD)

Aim Antibody to albumin (Alb-Ab) can develop in VAD patients and causes high background on L-SAB. The aim of the study was to eliminate the non-specific signals by BSA coated bead (BK-Bead) absorption. Methods BK-Bead absorption: Sera with high background on L-SAB (One Lambda, Inc.) were absorbed twice by mixing BK-Beads with serum at 1:10 ratio and vortexing for 10 min at RT each time. Absorbed sera were then retested by L-SAB per manufacturer’s protocol. Results Alb-Ab developed 15–30 days after VAD implantation and significantly decreased within 1–3 months after transplantation in all VAD patients ( Fig. 1 ). A total of 77 samples from 29 patients were tested by L-SAB before and after BK absorption. BK absorption successfully eliminated the Alb-Ab high background on #1 NC bead as well as HLA-Ag specific beads in all VAD samples with high background ( Fig. 2 ). BK-Bead absorption has no effect on the detection of true HLA-Ab in non-VAD samples ( Fig. 3) . Conclusion This simple and rapid BK-Bead absorption procedure can efficiently remove Alb-Ab from VAD patient samples and eliminate its non-specific signals without affecting the detection of true HLA-Abs on L-SAB.
On the Place on Excrement

Similarly I found W. B. Yeats, another modern poet celebrated by the New Critics as an exponent of the worldless autotelic poem, to be profoundly committed to this finite world—and to the related cause of Irish independence from British colonial rule. This was not only the case with Yeats’s late poems, where it is apparent; it is also the case with the poems emanating from his “Phases of the Moon,” system, which, in reading them contrapuntally, I found to be a device intended paradoxically to undermine the Modernist obsession with myth by rendering it inoperative. A closer reading than that of the New Critics was even true of “Sailing to Byzantium,” the “autotelic poem” par excellence, where the poet, in the very act of begging to be taken into the “artifice of eternity,” celebrates the dying body to which he is inexorably attached.
Longitudinal monitoring of head and neck lymphatics in response to cancer treatment

Radiation therapy (RT) can promote anti-tumoral responses, but is also known to cause lymphatic endothelial cell apoptosis, loss of dermal lymphatics, and reduction in lymph transport to draining lymph node basins. When combined with lymph node dissection (LND), the radiogenic lymphatic disruption may possibly result in lymph stasis and dermal backflow. If not resolved, this disruption may lead to chronic inflammation, edema, fibrosis, adipose tissue deposition, and ultimately to functional deficits and disfigurement. Because the head and neck (HN) region contains 1/3 of the body’s lymph nodes, lymphatic responses to cancer progression and therapy may be significant. Furthermore, it may not be surprising that lymphedema has been estimated to impact as many as 75% of HN cancer survivors three months or more after LND and RT. In this study, we used near-infrared fluorescence imaging to longitudinally assess the lymphatics of 18 patients undergoing treatment for cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and/or larynx following intraoral and intradermal injections of ICG. Patients were imaged before and after surgery, before and after fractionated RT for up to 100 weeks after treatments. Patients who underwent both LND and RT developed lymphatic dermal backflow on treated sides ranging from days after the start of RT to weeks after its completion, while contralateral regions that were not associated with LND but also treated with RT, experienced no such changes in functional lymphatic anatomies. The results show for the first time, the striking reorganization of the lymphatic vasculature and may enable early diagnosis of HN lymphedema.
Fundamentals and Pseudo-Fundamentals

The method of this relational metaphysic has been the generalization of experience, and the enactment of this method has led to two related conclusions: (1) that the first step toward an ultimate generalization is the distinction between fundamental and derivative; and (2) that the fundamentals are relations, all else being derivatives of these fundamentals.
Attitudes toward the prototypical environmentalist predict environmentally friendly behavior

Abstract Despite concern about environmental issues, many people engage in environmentally-unfriendly behavior. The present research introduces a novel predictor of environmentally friendly behavior: attitudes toward the prototypical environmentalist, or the favorability of a mental image someone has of the typical, representative environmentalist. Based on previous findings linking prototype attitudes to behavior, we expected positive attitudes toward environmentalist prototypes to predict greater environmentally friendly behavior. In addition, the current studies used not just explicit, direct self-reports of attitudes, but also indirect measures of implicit attitudes, which are less intentional, less controllable, and less deliberate. As expected, Studies 1 and 2 showed that positive implicit and explicit attitudes toward the prototypical environmentalist predict self-reported engagement in environmentally friendly behaviors. In Study 2, positive implicit and explicit prototype attitudes also predicted greater likelihood of donating to an environmental charity. These findings provide the first demonstration of the utility of prototype models in environmentalism.
Silane and Germane Molecular Electronics.

ConspectusThis Account provides an overview of our recent efforts to uncover the fundamental charge transport properties of Si–Si and Ge–Ge single bonds and introduce useful functions into group 14 molecular wires. We utilize the tools of chemical synthesis and a scanning tunneling microscopy-based break-junction technique to study the mechanism of charge transport in these molecular systems. We evaluated the fundamental ability of silicon, germanium, and carbon molecular wires to transport charge by comparing conductances within families of well-defined structures, the members of which differ only in the number of Si (or Ge or C) atoms in the wire. For each family, this procedure yielded a length-dependent conductance decay parameter, β. Comparison of the different β values demonstrates that Si–Si and Ge–Ge σ bonds are more conductive than the analogous C–C σ bonds. These molecular trends mirror what is seen in the bulk.The conductance decay of Si and Ge-based wires is similar in magnitude to those from ...
Gender Differences in Sexual Interest or Activity among Adults with Symptomatic Heart Failure.

Abstract Context: Problems with sexual function can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Symptomatic heart failure has been associated with problems with sexual function, although the majority of reports are focused on men and erectile dysfunction. Understanding women's perception of and gender differences in problems with sexual function in heart failure could yield new insights. Objectives: To determine the gender differences in reporting and bothersomeness of problems with sexual function, defined as sexual interest or activity. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study of adults with symptomatic heart failure from three health systems participating in a clinical trial. Eligible participants completed baseline surveys of symptom prevalence and bothersomeness. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify patient-level factors associated with problems with sexual interest or activity. Results: Among 314 patients with heart failure, we found large differences in reporting a problem with ...
Capital One Financial Corporation: Product Design

The case describes the beginnings of the "product design" process at Capital One Financial Corporation. The question at hand is which of 12 product should be offered through direct mail to which customers. A Web-based exercise accompanies this note. Student teams can plan and implement two rounds of mailings of up to 12 different product solicitations of up to 750,000 prospects. Excerpt UVA-M-0506 CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION: PRODUCT DESIGN Signet Banking Corporation, a regional bank based in Richmond, Virginia, offered its first bank card in the 1950s, making it the oldest continuously operating bank-card issuer in the United States. In 1988, the credit card division had over a million cardholders and $ 1.25 billion in outstanding loans. Shortly thereafter, the division hired Nigel W. Morris and Richard D. Fairbank, two principals of a consulting group that had devised a new strategy for marketing credit cards. Under their guidance, the division experienced explosive growth. In February of 1995, Signet spun off their card business as Capital One Financial Corporation (hereafter referred to as Capital One) with Fairbank as CEO and Morris as president. In June of 1995, Capital One was the 10th-largest credit card company in the United States with six million cardholders and $ 9 billion in outstanding loan balances. By 1996, Capital One was widely recognized as one of three “category killers” in the credit card business. One element of Capital One's strategy was the careful attention given to the design of product offerings. The attributes of a credit card could be changed easily and rapidly. In few other industries could the direct marketer move as quickly and effortlessly to match products to the changing marketplace. Taking advantage of this flexibility was one aspect of Capital One's information-based strategy. Bank-Card Attributes . . .
Journalistic expertise: A communicative approach:

Journalists’ privileges and the perceived value of their contributions are being affected by the increasing belief that journalistic work is a product that can be produced by anyone. This perspective should prompt questions related to the conceptualization of journalistic expertise and the functions of educational institutions that assert they teach it. This research contributes to scientific knowledge by introducing an alternative scholarly approach toward defining journalistic expertise—a communication perspective. Prestige in the digital landscape is increasingly associated with the ability of communicators to package information conveying their expertise to various publics. We proposed a set of variables to assess expertise: journalism-related degree, previous professional journalism experience, affiliation, journalism awards, specialization, technical skills, journalism skills, and public service through a content analysis of public Facebook fan pages. The results revealed that journalists communicat...
Effect of the Hydrofluoroether Cosolvent Structure in Acetonitrile-Based Solvate Electrolytes on the Li+ Solvation Structure and Li–S Battery Performance

We evaluate hydrofluoroether (HFE) cosolvents with varying degrees of fluorination in the acetonitrile-based solvate electrolyte to determine the effect of the HFE structure on the electrochemical performance of the Li–S battery. Solvates or sparingly solvating electrolytes are an interesting electrolyte choice for the Li–S battery due to their low polysulfide solubility. The solvate electrolyte with a stoichiometric ratio of LiTFSI salt in acetonitrile, (MeCN)2–LiTFSI, exhibits limited polysulfide solubility due to the high concentration of LiTFSI. We demonstrate that the addition of highly fluorinated HFEs to the solvate yields better capacity retention compared to that of less fluorinated HFE cosolvents. Raman and NMR spectroscopy coupled with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that HFEs exhibiting a higher degree of fluorination coordinate to Li+ at the expense of MeCN coordination, resulting in higher free MeCN content in solution. However, the polysulfide solubility remains low, and no cr...
Nourishing STEM Student Success via a TEAM-Based Advisement Model

LaGuardia Community College is an international leader recognized for developing and successfully implementing initiatives and educating underserved diverse students. LaGuardia’s STEM students are holistically advised by a team of dedicated faculty and staff members from different departments and divisions. As an innovative approach to advisement, students are first connected to an advising team member in their discipline-based first-year seminar and consequently guided by other cross-institutional advisement team members to ensure their continued success. In this article, we share our policies, processes, and promising practices in advising STEM student at an urban public institution. We present arguments that address and support five pillars for student success: 1) the student matters, 2) supportive culture matters, 3) effective communication matters, 4) data matters, and, 5) clear pathways and effective advisement matters. Finally, we present empirical evidence that show positive results in terms of students’ retention. Specifically, there was an improvement in the actual Fall 2015 to 2016 return rate of STEM students, from 62.9% to 64.6%. Our scaled practice demonstrates the value of collaborative team-based advisement efforts as supported through professional development can improve community college STEM student persistence when the above five pillars are fully espoused by the institution.
Abstract P4-06-17: Expanded panel testing in patients with breast or ovarian cancer in a rural familial cancer program

Objective: We sought to investigate our center9s experience with multi-gene panel testing in breast and ovarian cancer patients from a largely rural catchment area. Our goal was to identify predictors of pathogenic variants and assess indicators for expanded genetic testing. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of breast and ovarian cancer patients who underwent panel testing between May 2011 and April 2016. A variety of commercial gene panels were used with variant classification determined by the individual laboratory. Differences in patient demographics, age of first cancer diagnosis, number of genes tested and tumor characteristics including hormone/HER2 status, histology, differentiation, tumor size and AJCC staging classification were analyzed among pathogenic variant positive, negative, and VUS patient subsets with a chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. Results: We identified 215 patients who underwent panel testing: the average age of patients was 52.9 ± 12 with first cancer onset at 47 ± 12; 27% of patients had undergone prior single-gene testing; 7% of patients had ovarian cancer and 93% of patients had breast cancer. VUS were detected in 18.1% of patients and pathogenic variants were detected in 9.3% of patients. Of the 20 pathogenic variants identified, 1 was detected in BARD1, 2 in BRIP1, 3 in MUTYH, 5 in CHECK2, 2 in BRCA1, 2 in BRCA2, 3 in ATM, 1 in PALB2 and 1 in PMS2. In our breast cancer cohort, there was a statistical difference (p=.03) between patients with VUS, pathogenic variants and negative testing in respect to hormone and HER2 status. Most pathogenic variants (75%) were in patients who were HER2 negative, with the majority of VUS detected in patients who were hormone receptor positive (66%). Between the groups, there were no differences in histology, tumor differentiation, size or AJCC stage classification. However, individuals with pathogenic variants tended to have a younger age of first cancer diagnosis, have higher grade disease and have triple negative tumors. Conclusions: Specific tumor patterns (that is, HER2 negative or triple negative pathology) may be important indicators for genetic testing in breast cancer patients. Expanded panel testing should be considered in patients with a younger age of cancer diagnosis, higher grade disease and triple negative tumors. Citation Format: Hermel DJ, McKinnon WC, Colello L, Greenblatt MS, Wood ME. Expanded panel testing in patients with breast or ovarian cancer in a rural familial cancer program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-17.
Urbanism, group size, and regional milieus: black musicians in the early twentieth-century US South

This study examines how urbanism, group-size, and regional milieus affected blacks’ employment as professional musicians in the early twentieth-century US South. Regression analyses of Census data show that: (1) contrary to classic urbanism theories, black musicians’ employment was equally likely in cities and hinterlands, implying that these theories, which are based mainly on northern urban investigations, are only loosely applicable to the South. (2) Black population size was unrelated to black musicians’ employment, suggesting that, contrary to the group-strengths hypothesis, southern black communities struggled to foster the institutional infrastructure that supported black musicians’ employment. (3) Consistent with venerable regionalism scholarship, black musicians’ employment was less likely in the plantation-system-dominated Lower South than in the Upper South, indicating that suppression of black musicians was a key dimension of the Lower South’s anti-black discrimination. The study concludes that subregional milieus affect minority cultural-expression employment independently of urbanism and group-size.
Endothelial Cells Promote Colorectal Cancer Cell Survival by Activating the HER3-AKT Pathway in a Paracrine Fashion

The regulation of colorectal cancer cell survival pathways remains to be elucidated. Previously, it was demonstrated that endothelial cells (EC) from the liver (liver parenchymal ECs or LPEC), the most common site of colorectal cancer metastases, secrete soluble factors in the conditioned medium (CM) that, in turn, increase the cancer stem cell phenotype in colorectal cancer cells. However, the paracrine effects of LPECs on other colorectal cancer cellular functions have not been investigated. Here, results showed that CM from LPECs increased cell growth and chemoresistance by activating AKT in colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Using an unbiased receptor tyrosine kinase array, it was determined that human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (ERBB3/HER3) was activated by CM from LPECs, and it mediated AKT activation, cell growth, and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells. Inhibition of HER3, either by an inhibitor AZD8931 or an antibody MM-121, blocked LPEC-induced HER3-AKT activation and cell survival in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, CM from LPECs increased in vivo tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, inhibiting HER3 with AZD8931 significantly blocked tumor growth induced by EC CM. These results demonstrated a paracrine role of liver ECs in promoting cell growth and chemoresistance via activating HER3-AKT in colorectal cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggested a potential of treating patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with HER3 antibodies/inhibitors that are currently being assessed in clinical trials for various cancer types.
Idiopathic Recurrent Acute Pericarditis

Recurrent pericarditis is idiopathic in majority of patients and is frequently precipitated by a well-defined trigger such as injury or infection. Rigorous invasive diagnostic workup is not indicated unless risk factors for secondary causes are present. Idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis (IRAP) can rarely be complicated by myocarditis, constrictive pericarditis, and pericardial tamponade. IRAP’s pathophysiology shares features with the autoinflammatory syndromes; hence, colchicine and anakinra, an interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, have proven effective therapeutic strategies in patients refractory or intolerant to nonsteroid anti-inflammatory medications and steroids.
Design principles

This is the opening chapter of the author's book on concurrent programming. The essay describes the fundamental principles of programming which guided the design and implementation of the programming language Concurrent Pascal and the model operating systems written in that language.
Sensor-Enabled Alleviation of Product Inhibition in Chorismate Pyruvate-Lyase

Product inhibition is a frequent bottleneck in industrial enzymes, and testing mutations to alleviate product inhibition via traditional methods remains challenging as many variants need to be tested against multiple substrate and product concentrations. Further, traditional screening methods are conducted in vitro, and resulting enzyme variants may perform differently in vivo in the context of whole-cell metabolism and regulation. In this study, we address these two problems by establishing a high-throughput screening method to alleviate product inhibition in an industrially relevant enzyme, chorismate pyruvate-lyase (UbiC). First, we engineered a highly specific, genetically encoded biosensor for 4-hydroxybenzoate (4HB) in an industrially relevant host, Pseudomonas putida KT2440. We subsequently applied the biosensor to detect the activity of a heterologously expressed UbiC that converts chorismate into 4HB and pyruvate. By using benzoate as a product surrogate that inhibits UbiC without activating the biosensor, we were able to efficiently create and screen a diversified library for UbiC variants with reduced product inhibition. Introduction of the improved UbiC enzyme variant into an experimental production strain for the industrial precursor cis,cis-muconic acid (muconate), enabled a >2-fold yield improvement for glucose to muconate conversion when the new UbiC variant was expressed from a plasmid and a 60% yield increase when the same UbiC variant was genomically integrated into the strain. Overall, this work demonstrates that by coupling a library of enzyme variants to whole-cell catalysis and biosensing, variants with reduced product inhibition can be identified, and that this improved enzyme can result in increased titers of a downstream molecule of interest.
Metabolomic Insights into the Effects of Breast Milk Versus Formula Milk Feeding in Infants

This review summarizes the latest scientific evidence for the presence of metabolomic differences between infants fed breast milk (I-BM) and infants fed formula milk (I-FM). Across the studies included in this review, a total of 261 metabolites were analyzed, of which 151 metabolites were reported as significantly associated with infant feeding modality (BM versus FM). However, taken as a whole, the relevant literature was notable both for methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes, and heterogeneity between the studies. This may be why many associations between infant metabolite profile and feeding modality have not replicated across studies. To our knowledge, this is the first review to integrate the available literature on metabolomic differences between I-BM versus I-FM. This narrative review synthesized the data across studies and identified those metabolites which show the most robust associations with infant feeding modality. Methodological limitations of the current studies are identified, followed by recommendations for how to address these in future studies.
The Accidental Autoethnographer: “Dancing on Grandmother’s Shoes”

Narrative inquiry has been established as a research method for examining a vast of array of human experiences. In recent decades, autoethnography has emerged as a discipline within narrative inquiry where the subject studied is the self, looked at or perceived through the lens of a specific culture. Much autoethnographic research is also presented in a variety of ways beyond the written paper or report. As a synagogue Cantor, singer, actor, performer, and music educator, I chose to present my autoethnographic research through performance autoethnography: A solo performance incorporating storytelling, song, audience collaboration, and puppetry.
The Characterization of Fibroblast Growth Factor and its Biological Effect in Vitro and in Vivo

Over the last 4 years, both basic and acidic Fibroblast growth factors (bFGF and aFGF) have been purified to homogeneity, their primary structures determined, and their cDNA cloned and sequenced (reviewed in ref.1–3). This information has had significant impact on our understanding of a variety of mitogenic activities isolated from diverse origin. It has become clear that growth factors isolated from ovary, adrenal, kidney, eye, brain, placenta, macrophages, prostate, cartilage, and various tumors, are structurally and biologically identical, or at least, very similar to bFGF or aFGF (reviewed in ref.1). Availability of the pure mitogens has led to the recognition of a wide spectrum of activities for these two factors (4), most notably, their ability to mimic the biological effect of the vegetalizing factor in early embryos (5) and to act as angiogenic factors. Basic FGF or aFGF are multifunctional, since they can both stimulate proliferation and induce or delay differentiation. They stimulate other critical processes in cell function as well. Thus far, so many new and varied functions have now been described for FGF’s that at present, one must consider these peptides to be of special importance for the control of cell growth and differentiation.
A comparison of food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) in sorority and non-sorority women

Objective: College students who are members of groups in which appearance and alcohol norms are highly salient may be at particular risk for engaging in food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) behaviors. This study compared demographically-matched sorority- and non-sorority members on FAD and associated behaviors. Participants: College women who self-identified as being in a sorority (n = 95) were matched with non-sorority peers (n = 95) on age, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and race. Methods: Participants completed an online survey assessing alcohol use, eating disorder symptoms, appearance-related peer pressure, FAD behaviors, and demographic information. Mann-Whitney U tests and generalized linear models tested hypotheses. Results: Sorority members reported more alcohol use and FAD behaviors; however, after controlling for year in school, alcohol use, and eating disorder symptoms, Greek status no longer predicted FAD behaviors. Conclusions: Differences in FAD behaviors across sorority- and non-sorority women were due to differences in alcohol consumption.
The Effects of Four Doses of Vitamin D Supplements on Falls in Older Adults : A Response-Adaptive, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background Vitamin D supplementation may prevent falls in older persons, but evidence is inconsistent, possibly because of dosage differences. Objective To compare the effects of 4 doses of vitamin D3 supplements on falls. Design 2-stage Bayesian, response-adaptive, randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02166333). Setting 2 community-based research units. Participants 688 participants, aged 70 years and older, with elevated fall risk and a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] level of 25 to 72.5 nmol/L. Intervention 200 (control), 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU of vitamin D3 per day. During the dose-finding stage, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 vitamin D3 doses, and the best noncontrol dose for preventing falls was determined. After dose finding, participants previously assigned to receive noncontrol doses received the best dose, and new enrollees were randomly assigned to receive 200 IU/d or the best dose. Measurements Time to first fall or death over 2 years (primary outcome). Results During the dose-finding stage, the primary outcome rates were higher for the 2000- and 4000-IU/d doses than for the 1000-IU/d dose, which was selected as the best dose (posterior probability of being best, 0.90). In the confirmatory stage, event rates were not significantly different between participants with experience receiving the best dose (events and observation time limited to the period they were receiving 1000 IU/d; n = 308) and those randomly assigned to receive 200 IU/d (n = 339) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.76 to 1.15]; P = 0.54). Analysis of falls with adverse outcomes suggested greater risk in the experience-with-best-dose group versus the 200-IU/d group (serious fall: HR, 1.87 [CI, 1.03 to 3.41]; fall with hospitalization: HR, 2.48 [CI, 1.13 to 5.46]). Limitations The control group received 200 IU of vitamin D3 per day, not a placebo. Dose finding ended before the prespecified thresholds for dose suspension and dose selection were reached. Conclusion In older persons with elevated fall risk and low serum 25-(OH)D levels, vitamin D3 supplementation at doses of 1000 IU/d or higher did not prevent falls compared with 200 IU/d. Several analyses raised safety concerns about vitamin D3 doses of 1000 IU/d or higher. Primary funding source National Institute on Aging.
Gender Parity in Academic Leadership Roles at AOSSM Annual Meetings.

Background:Ever since orthopaedic surgery was cited as the specialty with the lowest percentage of women, research has geared toward better understanding where lapses occur and ensured that equitab...
Listening to Indigenous Voices: What the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Means for U.S. Tribes

Part I of this article will provide a historical context for the Declaration by surveying the international recognition of the concept of "lndigenous" rights that led to the adoption of the Declaration. Part II will discuss the positions taken by each no-vote state and the reasoning employed by these states in support of those positions. Part III will focus on how U.S. Tribes might turn the Declaration into a living document in spite of the United States' continued resistance to do so.
Correlation of Blue Light-Induced Phosphorylation to Phototropism in Zea mays L

The physiology of light-induced phototropic curvature has been studied extensively in coleoptiles of grasses, particularly in Avena and Zea mays L. In Z. mays L., we have found that, in addition to curvature, blue light also induces rapid phosphorylation of a 114-kD protein in the tips of coleoptiles, and, in a previous report, we reported several characteristics of the phosphorylated substrate protein and kinase (J.M. Palmer, T.W. Short, S. Gallagher, W.R. Briggs [1993] Plant Physiol 102: 1211-1218). Here, we compare the phosphorylation response to several known aspects of phototropism physiology. Blue light-induced phosphorylation occurs only in the upper portion of the coleoptile and is absent from the node and mesocotyl. The specific activity of phosphorylation is highest in the extreme apical portion of the tip, which is also the site of maximal sensitivity to phototropic stimuli (A. W. Galston [1959] In Physiology of Movements, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, Springer, Berlin). Fluence-response determinations indicate that light dosage levels that stimulate curvature also stimulate phosphorylation. However, the threshold for inducing detectable phosphorylation in maize cannot be matched to the threshold for curvature induction. The recovery of sensitivity to phototropic stimuli after exposure to high fluences of light occurs with kinetics that are very similar to those for recovery of the phosphorylation response after a previous high-fluence light exposure. In addition, wavelengths of light in the blue and near-ultraviolet regions of the spectrum that maximally stimulate phototropic curvature also maximally stimulate in vitro phosphorylation in maize. The pattern of stimulation matches the absorption spectra of flavoproteins, which have been proposed as candidates for blue light photoreceptors.
A New Doorway into Time

Just as editor Sam Moskowitz chronicled the accomplishments of John W. Campbell's new approach to science fiction in Doorway into Time, we're capturing the accomplishments of Vic Callaghan and his fellow practitioners in their crusade to explore and expand science fiction prototyping. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/SUMvfCeGI-w is an audio podcast in which author Brian David Johnson expands on his column, speaking with Vic Callaghan and Anasol Pena-Rios about their crusade to explore and expand science fiction prototyping at the New Creatives event, a pilot trial at Essex University to explore the potential of micro SFPs as a way to get students interested in science, technology, engineering, and math.
Algorithm for the Time-Propagation of the Radial Diffusion Equation Based on a Gaussian Quadrature.

The numerical integration of the time-dependent spherically-symmetric radial diffusion equation from a point source is considered. The flux through the source can vary in time, possibly stochastically based on the concentration produced by the source itself. Fick’s one-dimensional diffusion equation is integrated over a time interval by considering a source term and a propagation term. The source term adds new particles during the time interval, while the propagation term diffuses the concentration profile of the previous time step. The integral in the propagation term is evaluated numerically using a combination of a new diffusion-specific Gaussian quadrature and interpolation on a diffusion-specific grid. This attempts to balance accuracy with the least number of points for both integration and interpolation. The theory can also be extended to include a simple reaction-diffusion equation in the limit of high buffer concentrations. The method is unconditionally stable. In fact, not only does it converge for any time step Δt, the method offers one advantage over other methods because Δt can be arbitrarily large; it is solely defined by the timescale on which the flux source turns on and off.
An optimal algorithm for rectilinear steiner trees for channels with obstacles

The channel rectilinear Steiner tree problem is to construct an optimal rectilinear Steiner tree interconnecting n terminals on the upper shore and the lower shore of a channel without crossing any obstacles inside the channel. However, intersecting boundaries of obstacles is allowed. We present an algorithm that computes an optimal channel rectilinear Steiner tree in O(F1(k)n + F2(k)) time, where k is the number of obstacles inside the channel and F1 and F2 are exponential functions of k. For any constant k the proposed algorithm runs in O(n) time.
A voxelized model of direct infusion into the corpus callosum and hippocampus of the rat brain: model development and parameter analysis

Recent experimental studies have shown convective-enhanced delivery (CED) to be useful for transporting macromolecular therapeutic agents over large tissue volumes in the central nervous system (CNS). There are limited tools currently available for predicting tissue distributions in the brain. We have developed a voxelized modeling methodology in which CNS tissues are modeled as porous media, and transport properties and anatomical boundaries are determined semi-automatically on a voxel-by-voxel basis using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). By using this methodology, 3D extracellular transport models of the rat brain were developed. Macromolecular tracer distributions following CED in two different infusion sites (corpus callosum and hippocampus) were predicted. Sensitivity of models to changes in infusion parameters, transport properties, and modeling parameters was determined. Predicted tracer distributions were most sensitive to changes in segmentation threshold, DTI resolution, tissue porosity, and infusion site. This DTI-based voxelized modeling methodology provides a potentially rapid means of estimating CED transport.
Massage stimulates growth in preterm infants: A replication☆

Abstract Forty preterm infants ( M gestational age = 30 weeks; M birth weight = 1176 gms; M duration ICU care = 14 days) were assigned to treatment and control groups once they were considered medically stable. Assignments were based on a random stratification of gestational age, birth weight, intensive care duration, and study entrance weight. The treatment infants ( n = 20) received tactile/kinesthetic stimulation for three 15-min periods during 3 consecutive hours per day for a 10-day period. Sleep/wake behavior was monitored and Brazelton assessments were performed at the beginning and at the end of the treatment period. The treated infants averaged a 21% greater weight gain per day (34 vs. 28 gms) and were discharged 5 days earlier. No significant differences were demonstrated in sleep/wake states and activity level between the groups. The treated infants' performance was superior on the habituation cluster items of the Brazelton scale. Finally, the treatment infants were more active during the stimulation sessions than during the nonstimulation observation sessions (particularly during the tactile segments of the sessions). Although these data confirm the positive effects of tactile/kinesthetic stimulation, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.
Determinism and stochasticity of power-dropout events in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback.

Semiconductor lasers with optical feedback can display sudden power-dropout events at irregular time intervals. We show numerically that, in some parameter regimes, spontaneous emission noise qualitatively influences the nature and statistics of the dropouts. Experimental measurements of the mean time between dropout events and its dependence on feedback strength agree well with analytic predictions made by Henry and Kazarinov [IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-22, 294 (1986)] based on the assumption that spontaneous emission noise induces these dropout events.
A time-of-flight telescope for charged particles produced in neutron-induced reactions

Abstract A counter telescope has been developed for the study of neutron-induced charged-particle-producing reactions. This spectrometer differs from those conventionally used for such studies in that it has a flight path long enough (2 m) to allow a fairly accurate energy determination. The use of a pulsed beam with such a spectrometer permits the particle energy to be determined in two ways: from the signal produced by the E counter and from the time-of-flight. This redundancy allows a reduction in background relative to the typical telescope if we demand consistency in the two values for a pulse to be accepted. In addition, the velocity determination through time-of-flight makes a better energy resolution possible than would normally be possible for low-energy charged-particles detected in a scintillator.
What matters when children play: Influence of Social Cognitive Theory and perceived environment on levels of physical activity among elementary-aged youth

Objectives Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) has often been used as a guide to predict and modify physical activity (PA) behavior. We assessed the ability of commonly investigated SCT variables and perceived school environment variables to predict PA among elementary students. We also examined differences in influences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic students.
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of a Nonlinear Cochlear Model

Hearing relies on a series of coupled electrical, acoustical (fluidic) and mechanical interactions inside the cochlea that enable sound processing. The stability of the cochlea is studied using a nonlinear, micromechanical model of the organ of Corti (OoC) coupled to the electrical potentials in the cochlear ducts. The OoC is part of the mammalian cochlea that contains auditory sensory cells that both identify fluid-born vibrations in the cochlea and amplify the cycle-by-cycle motions of the cochlear structures. This process occurs through local resonance of the OoC system. In the mammalian cochlea, an active process accounts for the ear’s exquisite sensitivity and its remarkable responsiveness for a range of frequencies and intensities. Numerical and analytical techniques are utilized to examine the stability of this system. It is observed that the cochlear active process, controls the stability. We show that instability in this model is generated through a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. Furthermore, a reduced order model of the system is approximated and it is shown that the tectorial membrane (TM) transverse mode effect on the dynamics is significant while the radial mode can be simplified from the equations. We compare the cross sectional model with the comprehensive 3-dimensional model of the cochlea. It is indicated that the global model qualitatively inherits some characteristics of the local model, but the longitudinal coupling along the cochlea enhances stability (i.e., shifts the Hopf bifurcation point).Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in men with metabolic syndrome

Abstract Objectives Metabolic syndrome (MetS), the constellation of obesity and related risk factors for cardiovascular disease, is an expanding epidemiologic concern in the United States and the developed world. However, the relationship between MetS and prostate cancer remains to be definitively assessed. We evaluated the association between obesity and MetS with prostate cancer pathology and surgical and functional outcomes. Materials and methods A total of 2,639 patients underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) for localized prostate cancer between March 2003 and July 2012. Of them, 186 patients met the criteria for MetS as defined by the presence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) in conjunction with 2 or more of the following: hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia (D), and diabetes (DM). Additionally, reference cohorts of (1) 663 nonobese men without HTN, D, or DM; (2) 184 obese patients without HTN, D, or DM; and (3) 211 obese men with solitary risk factors were identified for comparison. Demographic, histopathologic, and perioperative clinical parameters were compared. Results In comparison with patients without MetS, patients with MetS had larger prostates (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.609, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.04–2.49, P = 0.03), increased blood loss (OR = 1.592, 95% CI = 1.15–2.21, P = 0.01), and surgical complexity (OR = 4.940, 95% CI = 2.29–10.69, P Conclusions Patients with MetS had similar perioperative, histopathologic, and functional outcomes compared with reference cohorts undergoing RALP. RALP is safe, feasible, and efficacious in men with MetS.
Inactivation of viruses in therapeutic products derived from human plasma

Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor concentrates have been prepared from pooled human plasma for therapeutic applications. Pasteurization (60°C, 10 hours) conditions have been defined to reduce risks of transmission of viral agents without significant loss of biologic activity of the purified product. Human clinical data collected to date support the model virus inactivation studies regarding viral safety.
Buyer behavior in the Japanese travel trade: advancements in theoretical frameworks

Summary This paper offers insights on how social network activity operates in Japanese culture-as compared to the West-and why these differences must be appreciated for a Western tourism supplier to have any opportunity of achieving success in the Japanese market. More specifically, the influence of Japanese culture and location on social network activity and ultimately buyer behavior of both Japanese consumers and corporations is the focus of this paper. In addition, this paper puts forth a theoretical model that contends that social networks or ‘ties’ between individuals or between companies represent a basic unit of analysis in examining buyer-seller relationships in the international travel trade, particularly in vastly different national cultures such as Japan.