cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A reusable high aspect ratio parylene-C shadow mask technology for diverse micropatterning applications

In this paper, we present a low cost, flexible and reusable parylene-C shadow mask technology for diverse micropatterning applications. The smallest feature size of 4m is demonstrated and the technology is scalable up to full wafer scale. With the addition of SU-8 pillars, we also demonstrate multimask processing with an alignment accuracy of about 4–9m. To achieve features with fine resolution, a low temperature and high aspect ratio (>8:1) parylene etch process is also developed. Utilizing this shadow mask, we successfully patterned proteins and cells on various surfaces (glass, PDMS, methacrylate). High pattern flexibility (structures with different shapes and dimensions are successfully patterned) and patterning on curved PDMS surfaces are also demonstrated. This technology has potential applications for patterning proteins, cells and organic transistors on conventional and/or unconventional substrates. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cloning and Characterization of IAR1, a Gene Required for Auxin Conjugate Sensitivity in Arabidopsis

Most indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in higher plants is conjugated to amino acids, sugars, or peptides, and these conjugates are implicated in regulating the concentration of the free hormone. We identified iar1 as an Arabidopsis mutant that is resistant to the inhibitory effects of several IAA–amino acid conjugates but remains sensitive to free IAA. iar1 partially suppresses phenotypes of a mutant that overproduces IAA, suggesting that IAR1 participates in auxin metabolism or response. We used positional information to clone IAR1, which encodes a novel protein with seven predicted transmembrane domains and several His-rich regions. IAR1 has homologs in other multicellular organisms, including Drosophila, nematodes, and mammals; in addition, the mouse homolog KE4 can functionally substitute for IAR1 in vivo. IAR1 also structurally resembles and has detectable sequence similarity to a family of metal transporters. We discuss several possible roles for IAR1 in auxin homeostasis.
L 1 -minimization methods for Hamilton–Jacobi equations: the one-dimensional case

A new approximation technique based on L 1-minimization is introduced. It is proven that the approximate solution converges to the viscosity solution in the case of one-dimensional stationary Hamilton–Jacobi equation with convex Hamiltonian.
The wall jet in a rotating fluid

The previously observed spatial evolution of the two-dimensional turbulent flow from a source on the vertical wall of a shallow layer of rapidly rotating fluid is strikingly different from the non-rotating three-dimensional counterpart, insofar as the instability eddies generated in the former case cause the flow to separate completely from the wall at a finite downstream distance. In seeking an explanation of this, we first compute the temporal evolution of two-dimensional finite-amplitude waves on an unstable laminar jet using a finite difference calculation at large Reynolds number. This yields a dipolar vorticity pattern which propagates normal to the wall, while leaving some of the near-wall vorticity (negative) of the basic flow behind. The residual far-field eddy therefore contains a net positive circulation and this property is incorporated in a heuristic point-vortex model of the spatial evolution of the instability eddies observed in a laboratory experiment of a flow emerging from a source on a vertical wall in a rotating tank. The model parameterizes the effect of Ekman bottom friction in decreasing the circulation of eddies which are periodically emitted from the source flow on the wall.
The US perspective: lessons learned from the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Program.

In 2002, the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) reached the conclusion ‘Disparities in health care are one of the nation's most serious health care problems. Research has extensively documented the pervasiveness of racial and ethnic disparities.’1 The disparities noted by the IOM are widespread. In the US, deaths from heart disease are 30% higher among African-Americans than Caucasians, and deaths from stroke are 40% higher among African-Americans than Caucasians. The incidence of diabetes is 2.3 times higher among American-Indian Alaska Natives, 1.6 times higher among African-Americans, and 1.5 times higher among Hispanics when compared with Caucasians. The rate of cervical cancer is five times higher in Vietnamese women than Caucasian women. Finally, the rate of infant mortality (death within the first 12 months of age) is 2.5 times higher in African-Americans than in Caucasians. While these statistics may seem disturbing, the fact that these disparities are not new is even more disturbing. In fact, WEB Dubois documented alarming disparities between African-Americans and Caucasians in 1899 when he wrote The Philadelphia Negro. Dubois noted alarmingly high rates of cancer, heart disease and stroke among African-Americans residing in Philadelphia. In 1899, Dubois called for the elimination of health disparities with the statement: ‘We must endeavor to eliminate, so far as possible, the problem elements which make a difference in health among people’.2 In 1999, the US Federal Government launched the REACH (Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health) Program.3 This program, while headed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), had a number of federal and private sector partners who were instrumental in guiding it. These partners included the Offices of Minority Health, Public Health Science, and the Assistance Secretary for Program Planning and Evaluation from the Department of Health and Human Services. Other partners included the Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities at the National Institutes of Health, the Administration on Aging, the California Endowment, and the Society for Public Health Education. Without the advice, guidance, and partnership of these influential organizations, the REACH program would not have been as successful as it has been.
Tests of DC Cable-in-Conduit Superconductors for Large Detector Magnets

At the previous IISSC conference, a novel cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) was proposed that offered not only the many advantages of traditional CICC such as helium containment within the conduit and integral structural support, but also increased protection characteristics. The latter is achieved by separating the protection and stabilization functions in the conductor so that the protection function is incorporated in a conduit with relatively low electrical resistivity, and the stability function is retained by the cable. An embodiment of this approach was the addition of a braided dacron sleeve surrounding the cable, acting as an electrical barrier between cable and conduit. The results of comparison tests performed on two samples, one without the barrier, one with, have been dramatic, indicating clearly the improved protection capabilities of the latter conductor. This new configuration of CICC, with improved protection characteristics should be desirable for all types of detector magnets, but especially for those requiring radiation-thin windings.
Role of Novel Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease: Renalase

Renalase, a novel, secreted flavin-adenine-dinucleotidedependent amine oxidase regulates cardiac function and blood pressure. The enzyme is rapidly activated in plasma by either modest increases in blood pressure or catecholamines. Protein expression in kidney and heart and its activation in plasma are markedly reduced in chronic kidney disease. The renalase knockout mouse is mildly hypertensive and more likely to develop severe ischemic renal and cardiac injury. Administration of recombinant renalase protects against myocardial injury and improves cardiac function. Preliminary data suggest that renalase may serve as an early biomarker for acute kidney injury. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the renalase gene are reported to be associated with essential hypertension and more severe cardiovascular complications. The molecular mechanisms that underlie renalase’s action and its therapeutic utility are being examined.
“But I Thought I Knew That!” Student Confidence Judgments on Course Examinations in Introductory Psychology

Students in an introductory psychology class rated their level of confidence in their answers to exam questions on four multiple-choice exams through the course of a semester. Correlations between ...
Hypera postica and Bathyplectes curculionis : Encapsulation of Parasite Eggs by Host Larvae in Missouri and Arkansas

Bathyplectes curculiollis (Thomson), a parasite of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), apparently was not released in Missouri or Arkansas (Brunson and Coles 1968), yet it was found parasitizing larvae of the alfalfa weevil at Garwood, Mo. (Reynolds Co.), in 1965 and at Hardy, Ark. (Sharp Co.), in 1968. The presence of both emerged and unemerged diapausing cocoons in the litter of alfalfa fields in April at each locality indicated that B. curculionis must have been present in both states at least 1 year prior to discovery. In Missouri this date would coincide with the initial discovery of the weevil in the state (Munson and Enns 1968) and indicates a simultaneous introduction of both host and parasite. The nearest known parasite release sites were in Kentucky and Tennessee in 1963 and 1964 and the parasite had been recovered in Illinois in 1964 although it was never released there (Dysart and Puttler 1965).
Race, Alienation and Consumerism:

This article reports findings of a survey of Anglo-Americans, Mexican-Americans and Blacks which reveal that a positive and significant relationship exists between alienation and belief in governme...
Dynamics of TGF-beta 3 peptide activity during rat alveolar epithelial cell proliferative recovery from acute hyperoxia

Hyperoxia causes a reproducible pattern of lung injury and recovery, characterized by proliferation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) during the recovery phase. We measured TGF-beta peptide production by AEC2 and macrophages from lungs of adult male rats exposed to 100% oxygen for 48 h and then allowed to recover for up to 72 h in room air. TGF-beta peptide activity levels were measured using the PAI-1 promoter-luciferase mink lung epithelial cell assay and characterized with peptide specific inhibitory antibodies. Control AEC2 produced 997 +/- 54 pg active TGF-beta x 10(6) cells-1.24h-1 (mean +/- SD), of which > 70% was TGF-beta 3, while cultured macrophages produced 58 +/- 17 pg active TGF-beta x 10(6) macrophages-1.24 h-1, > 80% of which was TGF-beta 1. During hyperoxia and recovery, active TGF-beta 3 production by AEC2 decreased by 75%, with a nadir at 24 h recovery (P < 0.005). In contrast, TGF-beta peptide activity increased from undetectable levels in lung lavage from control rats to a peak of 1,470 +/- 743 pg/rat after 48 h oxygen exposure and 24 h recovery, while lavaged macrophage TGF-beta production in culture also increased threefold to a peak of 150 +/- 5 pg. 10(6) cells-1. 24 h-1 after 48 h oxygen exposure (P < 0.005). The nadir of active TGF-beta 3 production by AEC2 coincided with the peak of the AEC2 proliferative phase of repair as determined by BrdU incorporation and FACS analysis of freshly isolated AEC2. We conclude that active TGF-beta 3 production by AEC2 is dynamically downregulated during the proliferative phase of recovery from acute hyperoxic injury in rat. We speculate that decreased autocrine negative regulation of AEC2 proliferation by TGF-beta 3 may facilitate AEC2 proliferation during recovery from acute hyperoxic injury.
A Crowd Behavior Model in Global War Space

Massive crowd behavior model is a key point of a sub-system in Global War Space named Society Simulation System.To design a reasonable massive crowd behavior model is very important.This paper introduces a new point:authenticity in Virtual-Realty should not only include the 3D graphics but also the logic of behavior.Then it analyses the basic theory and related research,and points out that the difficulty of massive crowd behavior modeling lays in the complexity of massive crowd behavior itself.After that,on account of that short time behavior can be forecasted and the long time behavior can be stat,it illustrates a multi-level multi-granularity massive crowd behavior model frame in Global War Space which is a virtual war lab.
[A cross-sectional study on urinary iodine and iodine content of salt among school children aged 8-10 years old in Yuhuan County, Zhejiang Province in 2012].

OBJECTIVE To understand the level of urinary iodine and iodine content of salt among school children aged 8 to 10 years in Yuhuan County, Zhejiang Province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary school of Yuhuan County purposely selected in 2012. Totally, 450 children aged 8 to 10 years were involved by the cluster-stratified sampling. All subjects received a free physical examination and morning urine and salt using in the household were collected. Urinary iodine and the iodine content of salt the children were tested. RESULTS Totally, 449 of 450 children provided the morning urine enough to be tested. The median of children's urinary iodine was 114.0 microg/L, and the proportions of them with the urinal iodine or = 300 microg/L were 4.4%, 37.9% and 2.7%, respectively. Among 447 salt samples collected, the median of iodine content was 0.0 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 27.3%, the qualified rate of iodized salt was 92.6%, and the intake rate of qualified iodized salt was 25.3%. The median of urinary iodine of children with iodized salt was significantly higher than that of those without iodized salt (Z = 3.47, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Current nutritional status of iodine is overall proper and safety in the population of school children aged 8-10 years old in Yuhuan County.
Programmable, Pneumatically Actuated Microfluidic Device with an Integrated Nanochannel Array To Track Development of Individual Bacteria.

We describe a microfluidic device with an integrated nanochannel array to trap individual bacteria and monitor growth and reproduction of lineages over multiple generations. Our poly(dimethylsiloxane) device comprises a pneumatically actuated nanochannel array that includes 1280 channels with widths from 600 to 1000 nm to actively trap diverse bacteria. Integrated pumps and valves perform on-chip fluid and cell manipulations that provide dynamic control of cell loading and nutrient flow, permitting chemostatic growth for extended periods of time (typically 12 to 20 h). Nanochannels confine bacterial growth to a single dimension, facilitating high-resolution, time-lapse imaging and tracking of individual cells. We use the device to monitor the growth of single bacterial cells that undergo symmetric (Bacillus subtilis) and asymmetric (Caulobacter crescentus) division and reconstruct their lineages to correlate growth measurements through time and among related cells. Furthermore, we monitor the motility sta...
A Synergic Approach to Graduate Research in Spectroscopy and Spectrochemical Analysis

Current research problems in analytical and physical chemistry are intricate, fundamental, complex, and diverse. Concurrent applications are perhaps even more so, covering such broad and elusive areas as metal alloy and trace analysis, energy sources and their byproducts, environmental pollution, and all-component human analysis in medicine. The scope of the research and application problems is so great as to challenge the intellectual capacity of the most ambitious. At the same time, the resources available to a single person to participate in and contribute specifically to solutions to these problems are limited.
Social connection and social networking: Daily conflict increases nightly Facebook use among avoidant participants

AbstractUsing a daily diary methodology we explored whether attachment style predicted evening Facebook use and whether this effect was moderated by daily interpersonal conflict. High anxiety participants reported spending significantly more time on Facebook at night, regardless of daily conflict. Conversely, participants high in avoidance only reported increased time on Facebook on nights following days of more (vs. less) conflict. Daily conflict did not influence time spent in face-to-face interactions for avoidant participants. Interestingly, increased time on Facebook led to lower self-esteem next day , but increased time in face-to-face interactions led to higher self-esteem. Results suggest people high in avoidance use Facebook as an indirect way to seek connection following conflict, but, ironically, Facebook fails to fulfill avoidant’s belongingness needs.
Histopathology of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke that has considerable morbidity and mortality. Currently there is no proven definitive therapy to assure functional neurological improvement following an ICH. Basic science bench-side testing in animal ICH models has led to improved understanding of the sequence of events at a cellular level in such an event. This article gives an overview of the current understanding of mechanisms of ICH-induced brain injury and novel therapeutic measures being studied aimed at potential translation to the human population to achieve the goal of improved functional outcome from ICH.
Device loss comparison of GaN device based LLC, dual active bridge and phase shift quasi switched capacitor circuit

Gallium Nitride (GaN) power devices become commercially available in recent years and they have demonstrated great potential in DC power supply applications. In this paper, the device loss of three GaN device based isolated DC/DC circuits, LLC circuit, dual active bridge (DAB) circuit and phase shift quasi switched capacitor (QSC) circuit, is investigated and compared using telecom power supply application as an example. The device loss of the three circuits at various load and operation frequency conditions is calculated and compared for a 1 kW, 400 to 48V application case. The comparison results show that phase shift QSC circuit is a promising circuit candidate for DC power supply applications. A 1 kW, 0.5 MHz, 400–48 V GaN device based phase shift QSC converter prototype is built to verify the analysis results.
Role of TGF-alpha in the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFA) has been shown to play a role in experimental chronic kidney disease associated with nephron reduction, while its role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is un...
Sources of methane to an Arctic lake in Alaska: An isotopic investigation

Sources of dissolved methane (CH4) at Toolik Lake, Alaska, include both diffusion from lake sediments and groundwater entering the lake from its perimeter. Here we use hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water (H2O), carbon and hydrogen isotopes in CH4, and carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to calculate the relative importance of lake sediment and groundwater discharge as sources of dissolved CH4 to Toolik Lake. We also resolve the relative importance of the source contribution spatially within the lake and determine the processes controlling CH4 concentrations in groundwater surrounding the lake. Our findings, from a mixing model based on isotopes in CH4, suggest that groundwater is a more important source of CH4 at the perimeter of the lake where the water-to-air flux is high. Additionally, we find on the local scale that high groundwater methane concentrations may be better linked to areas around the lake where rain is the dominant source of water to the active layer, indicating that changes in precipitation and active layer thaw depth will impact methane concentrations in the active layer and, ultimately, the groundwater associated flux to Toolik Lake.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection Testing Practices in Long-Term Care Facilities, Boston, Massachusetts

Objectives To describe latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) testing practices in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Three Boston-area LTCFs. Participants Residents admitted between January 1 and December 31, 2011. Measurements Resident demographic characteristics, comorbidities, LTCF stay, and LTBI testing and treatment. Results Data for 291 LTCF residents admitted in 2011 were reviewed. Of the 257 without a history of LTBI and with documentation of testing, 162 (63%) were tested; 114 of 186 (61%) with a stay less than 90 days and 48 of 71 (68%) with a stay of 90 days or longer were tested. Of 196 residents with data on prior LTBI testing, 39 (19.9%) had LTBI; 12 of these (30.8%) were diagnosed at the LTCF. Hispanic participants were more likely than black participants to undergo LTBI testing (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.4, P = .003). Having a length of stay of less than 90 days (aOR = 0.7, P < .001) and history of illicit drug use (aOR = 0.7, P < .001) were associated with lower odds of LTBI testing. Conclusion One-fifth of LTCF residents had LTBI, but testing was not always performed. The high prevalence of LTBI in older adults combined with the risk of an outbreak if a case of tuberculosis occurs in a LTCF make LTBI testing and treatment an important prevention opportunity. The importance of LTBI testing in LTCFs needs to be reinforced.
Una escena truncada: historia de la Escuela de Teatro de la Universidad Austral de Chile (1970-1976)

Si bien tradicionalmente se asume que solo tres universidades impartieron la formacion de actor profesional antes de 1990, existio una cuarta institucion: la Universidad Austral de Chile, la que contaba con una malla curricular y programas apropiados, en un intento por reforzar la profesionalizacion actoral en el area sur de nuestro pais. En este articulo presentamos los resultados de nuestra memoria de grado respecto de este trozo olvidado de la historia teatral chilena, el que nos permite dimensionar la contundencia del movimiento teatral a nivel nacional tanto a lo largo de la historia como en la actualidad.
The challenges of implementing pharmacogenomic testing in the clinic.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pharmacogenomic testing has the potential to greatly benefit patients by enabling personalization of medication management, ensuring better efficacy and decreasing the risk of side effects. However, to fully realize the potential of pharmacogenomic testing, there are several important issues that must be addressed.Areas covered: In this expert review we discuss current challenges impacting the implementation of pharmacogenomic testing in the clinical practice. We emphasize issues related to testing methods, reporting of the results, test selection, clinical interpretation of the results, cost-effectiveness, and the long-term use of pharmacogenomic results in clinical practice. We identify opportunities and future directions to facilitate clinical implementation.Expert commentary: Several key elements are necessary to optimally integrate pharmacogenomic testing into clinical practice. Collaborative efforts among laboratories are needed to improve standardization of testing and reporti...
Unexpected beauty and diversity in the structures of three homologous 4,5‐dialkoxy‐1‐ethynyl‐2‐nitrobenzenes: the subtle interplay between intermolecular C—H…O hydrogen bonds and alkyl chain length

The synthesis, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and X-ray structures are described for three di­alk­oxy ethynyl­nitro­benzenes that differ only in the length of the alk­oxy chain, namely 1-ethynyl-2-nitro-4,5-dipropoxybenzene, C14H17NO4, 1,2-di­but­oxy-4-ethynyl-5-nitro­benzene, C16H21NO4, and 1-ethynyl-2-nitro-4,5-dipentoxy­benzene, C18H25NO4. Despite the subtle changes in molecular structure, the crystal structures of the three compounds display great diversity. Thus, 1-ethynyl-2-nitro-4,5-dipropoxybenzene crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system in the space group R{\overline 3}, with Z = 18, 1,2-di­but­oxy-4-ethynyl-5-nitro­benzene crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system in the space group P21/c, with Z = 4, and 1-ethynyl-2-nitro-4,5-dipentoxybenzene crystallizes in the tri­clinic crystal system in the space group P{\overline 1}, with Z = 2. The crystal structure of 1-ethynyl-2-nitro-4,5-dipropoxybenzene is dominated by planar hexamers formed by a bifurcated alkoxy sp-C—H⋯O,O′ interaction, while the structure of the di­but­oxy analogue is dominated by planar ribbons of molecules linked by a similar bifurcated alkoxy sp-C—H⋯O,O′ interaction. In contrast, the dipent­oxy analogue forms ribbons of molecules alternately connected by a self-complementary sp-C—H⋯O2N interaction and a self-complementary sp2-C—H⋯O2N interaction. Disordered solvent was included in the crystals of 1-ethynyl-2-nitro-4,5-dipropoxybenzene and its contribution was removed during refinement.
Vibrational Excitation in the Products of S-Tetrazine Photolysis

Gaseous s-tetrazine absorbs visible light and decomposes with almost unit quantum yield [1–5] to form stable products. We estimate the heat of formation $$ s - {C_2}{H_2}{N_4} + hv \to {N_2} + 2HCN $$ (1) of s-tetrazine to be 113 kcal/mole from comparison with other azabenzene [6]; the heat of reaction (1) including the energy of a photon at 500 nm is then ΔH = -108 kcal/mole. Though this exothermicity is not enough to produce electronically excited products, HOCHSTRASSER and KING [4] have suggested that the N2 and HCN might be formed in vibrationally excited states.
The Golden Age of University Assistance in the Americas.

Resena de: Levy, Daniel C. (2005) To Export Progress: The Golden Age of University Assistance in the Americas. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 401 pags. La
Launch and Recovery of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle From a Station-Keeping Unmanned Surface Vehicle

In-water tests of automated launch and recovery (L&R) of a Hydroid REMUS 100 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) from a station-keeping 16-ft wave adaptive modular vehicle unmanned surface vehicle (USV) have been conducted to determine the feasibility of developed concepts of operation. The USV is a catamaran with a custom-configured propulsion system that enables it to maintain position and heading on the surface. AUV launch is accomplished through lowering the AUV from the USV top tray to the water surface and releasing it. Recovery is initiated through requiring the AUV to navigate toward an acoustic homing beacon on a taut line suspended from the USV. The taut line serves as docking target and as a connecting link between the two vehicles during L&R. During these operations, the USV approximately keeps station on the water surface. Once the docking is complete, the USV moves forward, towing the AUV as it is extracted onboard the USV via a customized winch mechanism. It was found that for appropriate environmental conditions, L&R of the AUV from a station-keeping USV is an effective alternative to the mobile L&R method using the same vehicles, with the same launch and recovery system.
Conceptual Design of a Pilot-Scale Pyroprocessing Facility

Argonne National Laboratory and Merrick & Company developed the conceptual design of a pilot-scale (100 T/year) pyroprocessing facility for the treatment of used fuel generated by commercial light ...
Acidity/Reducibility Dual-Responsive Hollow Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoplatforms for Tumor-Specific Self-Assembly and Synergistic Therapy.

Featured with a large surface area, uniform interpenetrating mesopores, diverse organic framework hybridization, and well-defined surface properties, the hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticle (HMON) represents a promising paradigm in drug delivery systems with excellent biocompatibility. However, effective tumor accumulation and precise cancer theranostics of the HMON still remain a challenge. In this study, an “ammonia-assisted hot water etching” method is applied for the successful construction of sub-50 nm thioether/phenylene dual-hybridized HMON with low hemolytic effect. Particularly, the surface modification with Mo(VI)-based polyoxometalate (POM) clusters drives the self-assembly of HMON in the mild acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) to achieve enhanced tumor retention and accumulation. More importantly, the reducibility-activated Mo(VI)-to-Mo(V) conversion within POM not only endows the POM-anchored HMON with outstanding TME-responsive photoacoustic (PA) imaging contrast and photothermal th...
Graph representation using mutual information for graph model discrimination

We present a novel approach of graph representation based on mutual information of a random walk in a graph. This representation, as any global metric of a graph, can be used to identify the model generator of the observed network. In this study, we use our graph representation combined with Random Forest (RF) to discriminate between Erdos-Renyi (ER), Stochastic Block Model (SBM) and Planted Clique (PC) models. We also combine our graph representation with a Squared Mahalanobis Distance (SMD)-based test to reject a model given an observed network. We test the proposed method with computer simulations.
Ann Yearsley, Hannah More, and Human Commodification in the Literary Marketplace

ABSTRACTCritics have analyzed the literary rivalry between Ann Yearsley (1753–1806) and her former patron Hannah More (1745–1843) evidenced by their abolition poems—Yearsley’s A Poem on the Inhuman...
Disorders of Sexual Differentiation

Disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD) are a variety of complex malformations which require a multidisciplinary approach to guide the best therapy for each individual patient.
The Dark Side of Religious Individualism: A Marcusian Exploration

Sociologists of religion have recently focused on the growth of religious individualism in Western societies. Whether seen as a new religious trend or as a cultural correlate to the general weakeni...
Non-periodic Metasurface for Retroreflection of Circularly Polarized Wave

In this work, we present a metasurface that can retroreflect the circularly polarized (CP) wave from a fixed oblique incidence angle. The metasurface is designed in non-periodic fashion, i.e., the entire surface is discretized by different elements with equal space. Each element is modeled by its unique phase response and will modify the wave front at different location for the reflected wave. The TE and TM phase response for one element are identical to maintain CP property upon reflection. By optimizing the phase distribution along the surface, strong back scattering is achieved in the retroreflection angle. This design method is verified by both full wave simulation and measurement at 10 GHz and can be easily reproduced to achieve other reflection properties, such as beam splitting and diffuse reflection.
Dislocation climb rate at very high vacancy concentrations

Abstract The climb rate equation obtained with a quasisteady-state treatment of the diffusion equation around a straight dislocation was verified to also apply to the dislocation climb in a metal with very high defect concentrations where point defects flood up to the dislocation as in severe plastic deformation. Calculations for aluminum predict climb rates in excess of 10 µm/s at temperatures as low as 496 K if vacancy mole fraction exceeds 10−3, and even 100 µm/s if vacancy mole fraction reaches 10−2 above 496 K. Dislocation climb at such high rates may boost dynamic recovery and continuous recrystallization during severe plastic deformation.
Telemental health and student veterans: A practice perspective through voices from the field

The area of human services is constantly adapting to best meet the needs of a changing client population. One group that is at an increased need of mental health services is the rapidly growing stu...
Are insecure attachment styles related to risky sexual behavior? A meta-analysis.

Objective Attachment theory provides a powerful framework for understanding individual differences affecting interpersonal relationships and a range of health behavior outcomes. However, no meta-analyses have yet to examine the relationship between adult attachment styles and risky sexual behaviors. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the results of the association between adult attachment and risky sexual behaviors. Method Keywords were searched via PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We used comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) 3.0 to systematically synthesize and analyze the 42 effect sizes from 16 studies (total N = 7,233). Results Attachment anxiety has a small effect on having multiple partners (Fisher's Z = .09, 95% CI [0.021, 0.154]; I² = 80.4%) and engaging in condomless sex (Fisher's Z = .09, 95% CI [.006, 0.175]; I² = 82.5%), whereas attachment avoidance has a small effect on having multiple partners (Fisher's Z = .06, 95% CI [0.019, 0.109]; I² = 57.6%) but no effect on engaging in condomless sex (Fisher's Z = .05, 95% CI [-0.024, 0.117]; I2 = 73.9%). Furthermore, average age of participants in a study (z = 3.31, β = .01, p = .001) and type of risk population (z = 3.03, β = .12, p = .002) were found to be significant moderators. Conclusions Insecure attachment styles are related to risky sexual behaviors and the correlation between attachment anxiety and having multiple partners is stronger as the average age of participant increases and when the study population is specifically an at-risk population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Reply to the Comment on: “Generation and Detection of Gaseous W12O41−• and Other Tungstate Anions by Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry” by Julius Pavlov, Washington Braida, Adebayo Ogundipe, Gregory O'Connor, and Athula B. Attygalle, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 20, 1782–1789

Tungsten and its alloys are widely used in industry. During the past 15 y, there has been a significant environmental push in Europe and the United States to stop using lead in various applications involving bullets, wheel balancing weights, fishing weights, and other lead products. Tungsten was the major substitute component for lead cores of bullets in the U.S. Green Bullet Program. The degree of tungsten’s leachability in water strongly depends on the environmental conditions, especially on the water’s pH, but also on the nature of the soil [1]. The initial interaction between tungsten and oxygen-containing water can be described as follows [1]:
Factors Associated with Variation in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profiles in the Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are the main components of the epicuticular wax layer that in many insects functions as a barrier against desiccation. CHCs also play many other roles, including serving as sex pheromones, kairomones, primer pheromones, and colony-, caste-, species- and sex-recognition signals. In insects, CHC profiles can vary depending upon age, species, sex, and strain. Understanding factors associated with variation in hydrocarbon profiles is important for identifying potential vulnerabilities relating to pest ecology and life histories and for developing tools for pest monitoring and management strategies. In this study, we assessed potential sources of variation in CHC profiles in the navel orangeworm Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an economically important pest of nut crops in California. Using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we characterized and compared CHC profiles between adults of pyrethroid-resistant (R347) and susceptible (ALMOND) strains. We further compared CHC profiles from adults differing in age (1, 3, 5, and 7 d post-eclosion) and sex. Hydrocarbon profiles comprised 47 different CHCs in detectable quantities that ranged from C17 to C43 in chain length and included straight-chain alkanes and a variety of mono-, di-, and tri-methylalkanes. Adults from resistant populations had greater quantities of CHCs in total than those from susceptible strains, but relative quantities of individual components were similar. The six most abundant compounds were n-pentacosane, n-heptacosane, n-nonacosane, n-hentriacontane, 11,25 + 13,23 + 15,21-dimethylpentatriacontane, and 13,23 + 11,25 + 9,17-dimethylheptatriacontane. Post-eclosion, total CHCs increased with adult age, with males producing greater quantities than females at all ages. Our results show that CHC profiles vary depending on age, sex, and strain and suggest that CHC profiles may be useful as biomarkers to differentiate between insecticide- resistant and susceptible populations.
Can Novices Trust Themselves to Choose Trustworthy Experts? Reasons for (Reserved) Optimism

Novices face a problem when it comes to forming true beliefs about controversial issues that they cannot assess themselves: Who are the trustworthy experts? Elizabeth Anderson offers a set of crite...
'How Do I Choose?': Mathematics Teachers' Sensemaking about Pedagogical Responsibility.

Teachers’ decisions are often undergirded by their sense of pedagogical responsibility: whom and what they feel beholden to. However, research on teacher sensemaking has rarely examined how teacher...
Targeting the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase PJA1 Enhances Tumor-Suppressing TGFβ Signaling

RING-finger E3 ligases are instrumental in the regulation of inflammatory cascades, apoptosis, and cancer. However, their roles are relatively unknown in TGFβ/SMAD signaling. SMAD3 and its adaptors, such as β2SP, are important mediators of TGFβ signaling and regulate gene expression to suppress stem cell–like phenotypes in diverse cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, PJA1, an E3 ligase, promoted ubiquitination and degradation of phosphorylated SMAD3 and impaired a SMAD3/β2SP-dependent tumor-suppressing pathway in multiple HCC cell lines. In mice deficient for SMAD3 (Smad3+/−), PJA1 overexpression promoted the transformation of liver stem cells. Analysis of genes regulated by PJA1 knockdown and TGFβ1 signaling revealed 1,584 co-upregulated genes and 1,280 co-downregulated genes, including many implicated in cancer. The E3 ligase inhibitor RTA405 enhanced SMAD3-regulated gene expression and reduced growth of HCC cells in culture and xenografts of HCC tumors, suggesting that inhibition of PJA1 may be beneficial in treating HCC or preventing HCC development in at-risk patients. Significance: These findings provide a novel mechanism regulating the tumor suppressor function of TGFβ in liver carcinogenesis.
Characteristics of bioepoxy based on waste cooking oil and lignin and its effects on asphalt binder

Abstract Epoxy asphalts are specialty high performance binders that are composed of expensive petroleum-based bisphenol A type epoxies. In this study an environmentally friendly bioepoxy resin is used to modify the asphalt binder. The bioepoxy resin is composed of a waste cooking oil-based epoxy (WCO-EP) and a Kraft lignin-based polycarboxylic acid (KL-COOH) curing agent. Nadic methyl anhydride (NMA) is used as a co-curing agent to adjust the processability of the epoxy. The effects of the KL-COOH/NMA molar ratio on the dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the cured bioepoxy were investigated. Results show that higher ratios of KL-COOH/NMA resulted in enhanced mechanical properties of bioepoxy resin. In addition, the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests were used to evaluate the high temperature performance of bioepoxy modified asphalt binders. These results show that addition of bioepoxy considerably improved the rutting resistance of asphalt binder. In addition, Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test was utilized to evaluate the low temperature resistance of the bioepoxy modified asphalt binder. Although the addition of bioepoxy increased the stiffness of asphalt binder, its negative effect on the thermal cracking resistance is found to be negligible.
Electronic Cigarettes Induce Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Trigger TLR9 (Toll-Like Receptor 9)-Mediated Atherosclerosis

Objective: Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use has recently been implicated in promoting atherosclerosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of e-cig exposure accelerated atheroscler...
Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis.

Background The significance of Candida in pulmonary secretions is unclear, and usually is regarded as colonization, not contributing to symptoms or disease. Yet, in our experience, Candida seemed associated with chronic sputum, mucus plugging, atelectasis, and poor outcome. Objective The aim of this study is to describe the clinical findings of patients with Candida in pulmonary (sputum or bronchoscopy) secretions and the significance of Candida. Methods Retrospective study of inpatients and outpatients referred for pulmonary consultation with Candida in pulmonary secretions. Clinical parameters and estimates of whether Candida was likely clinically significant, were determined. Results 82 inpatients and 11 outpatients were identified, of which 61 (66%) had atelectasis and 68 (73%) bronchoscopies. Of patients having bronchoscopies, 56 (82%) had mucus, and 43 (63%) mucus plugging. Of the inpatients death (or probable death) occurred in 43 (63%), 42 (98%) of which were from definite or probable respiratory failure, with 13 (31%) likely related to mucus plugging, 16 (38%) possibly from mucus plugging, 6 (14%) unknown, and 7 (17%) not due to mucus plugging. Candida was felt likely clinically significant in 57 patients (61%), uncertain significance in 23 (25%), and not significant in 13 (14%). All outpatients had exacerbations, including 7 (64%) within a year. Conclusion Patients requiring pulmonary consultation with Candida in pulmonary secretions often have chronic sputum production, exacerbations, mucus plugging, atelectasis, and death from respiratory failure. Candida was likely clinically significant in most patients. Recommendations to consider Candida in pulmonary secretions as colonization should be reconsidered.
The Card1 nuclease provides defence during type III CRISPR immunity

In the type III CRISPR–Cas immune response of prokaryotes, infection triggers the production of cyclic oligoadenylates that bind and activate proteins that contain a CARF domain1,2. Many type III loci are associated with proteins in which the CRISPR-associated Rossman fold (CARF) domain is fused to a restriction endonuclease-like domain3,4. However, with the exception of the well-characterized Csm6 and Csx1 ribonucleases5,6, whether and how these inducible effectors provide defence is not known. Here we investigated a type III CRISPR accessory protein, which we name cyclic-oligoadenylate-activated single-stranded ribonuclease and single-stranded deoxyribonuclease 1 (Card1). Card1 forms a symmetrical dimer that has a large central cavity between its CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold and restriction endonuclease domains that binds cyclic tetra-adenylate. The binding of ligand results in a conformational change comprising the rotation of individual monomers relative to each other to form a more compact dimeric scaffold, in which a manganese cation coordinates the catalytic residues and activates the cleavage of single-stranded—but not double-stranded—nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA). In vivo, activation of Card1 induces dormancy of the infected hosts to provide immunity against phage infection and plasmids. Our results highlight the diversity of strategies used in CRISPR systems to provide immunity. Structural analyses of the type III CRISPR accessory protein Card1, which induces dormancy in infected hosts to provide immunity against phage infection, reveal the mechanisms by which it cleaves single-stranded RNA and DNA.
The Incidence of Hip Arthroscopy in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome and Labral Pathology Increased by 85% Between 2011 and 2018 in the United States.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of hip arthroscopy in patients with labral pathology in the United States from 2011-2018 using a large national database. Methods Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy from 2011-2018 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes in the PearlDiver Patients Records Database (Colorado Springs, CO), which is a national database of orthopedic insurance records, including Medicare patients. The incidence of surgeries, age, and gender were all recorded. Groups were analyzed using SPSS version 24 (IBM, Armonk NY). CPT codes 29914/15/16 were introduced January 1, 2011 which is when we began our analysis. CPT-29999 and laterality were not assessed. Results In total, 35,966 arthroscopies were identified between 2011 and 2018 from a randomly selected sample of 30 million orthopaedic patients from the PearlDiver Mariner dataset. The incidence increased by 85% from 2011 to 2018 (7.31 cases vs 13.54 cases per 100,000 patients). The distribution of the age of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy was bimodal with the mode of each peak at 18 years old and 42 years old, respectively. Females underwent surgery more frequently (67.9%) than males (32.1%). The most common CPT code for hip arthroscopy was 29914 (43.9) which corresponds to a hip arthroscopy with femoroplasty. Conclusions Our findings corroborate those of previous studies and support the increase in incidence of hip arthroscopy in the United States. We indicate an overall increase of 85% from 2011 to 2018 and support previous trends, such as higher incidence of hip arthroscopy in women. Our study also supports a decreasing mean age for patients, likely due to improved diagnostics and surgeon familiarity and comfort with the procedure. Level of Evidence Level 3, Retrospective Comparative Study.
High CD34 Expression Level Associated with Prolonged Liver and Stomach Cancer Survival

CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein that shows expression on early hematopoietic and vascular-associated tissues. Although tumor tissues usually possess upregulated CD34, little is known about this protein's exact function during the process of tumor development. Here, we carried out this study to find possible associations between tumor survival and the overexpressed CD34. We focused our data on patients with adenomas (and adenocarcinomas) occurring in liver or stomach, as these cancer types are common worldwide and contain a large amount of available patient statistics recorded in the TCGA database and we found that CD34 was among the group of proteins under significant upregulation in liver and stomach cancer. However, after constructing the survival curves comparing patient survival of high-level CD34 expression with low-level CD34 expression through a period of time, we observed that high CD34 expression level actually associates with a better tumor survival. This counter-intuitive relation between CD34 and patient survival rate implies a complicated cause-effect relationship behind, which suggests that the idea of designating CD34 as the target to develop therapies for treating cancer still needs more evaluations.
Interphase Chromatin Undergoes a Local Sol-Gel Transition upon Cell Differentiation

Cell differentiation, the process by which stem cells become specialized cells, is associated with chromatin reorganization inside the cell nucleus. Here, we measure the chromatin distribution and dynamics in embryonic stem cells in vivo before and after differentiation. We find that undifferentiated chromatin is less compact, more homogeneous, and more dynamic than differentiated chromatin. Furthermore, we present a noninvasive rheological analysis using intrinsic chromatin dynamics, which reveals that undifferentiated chromatin behaves like a Maxwell fluid, while differentiated chromatin shows a coexistence of fluidlike (sol) and solidlike (gel) phases. Our data suggest that chromatin undergoes a local sol-gel transition upon cell differentiation, corresponding to the formation of the more dense and transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin.