cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BioRL: An XML-based Active Rule Language for Biological Database Constraint Management

High throughput biological experiments produce a large amount of biological data that can be updated by time. Inconsistent data stored in the same or different databases may lead to serious biological research problems. Constraint management is important to ensure biological data integrity. Some existing databases were built for the easy use for biologists; however the database management system (DBMS) may not have a sufficient constraint management system. In this paper, we propose an XML-based active rule language, named BioRL, to enforce constraints on existing databases without changing the original system structures or the underlying databases. In BioRL language, biological semantics are represented declaratively in active rules by using XQuery expressions and functions. This paper presents the syntax of the BioRL language, with examples that illustrate the use of BioRL in an application environment. This paper also presents the BioRule system to support the specification and execution of BioRL, focusing on the architectural components of the BioRL parser and the BioRL repository.
Influence of the Land Surface in the Asian Summer Monsoon: External Conditions versus Internal Feedbacks

Abstract The basic concept of land-sea temperature contrast and the strength of the Asian summer monsoon is investigated here by comparing the relative contributions of external conditions (involving surface albedo) and internal feedbacks (involving soil moisture) in a number of atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) mean climate simulations and in a GCM sensitivity experiment. All models are run with the same long-term mean sea surface temperatures so that only land-surface conditions affect the land-sea temperature contrast. There is a surprising consistency among the various models such that stronger summer monsoons (defined as high area-averaged precipitation over south Asia) are associated with greater land-sea temperature contrast (i.e., higher land temperatures), lower sea level pressure over land, less snow cover, and greater soil moisture. In a sensitivity study with land albedos uniformly raised from 0. 13 to 0.20 in one of the models, the winter-spring-summer sequence over southern Asia sh...
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HgTe/CdTe SUPERLATTICES

Superlattices of HgTe and CdTe, grown on (100) and (111) CdTe, have been characterized by He ion backscattering spectrometry and x-ray double crystal diffractometry. Backscattering spectrometry gave basic information about the depth-distribution of layers, i.e. the number of layers in the superlattice, the thickness of CdTe overlayer and the location of damage in the underlying CdTe. Symmetric and asymmetric rocking curves gave information about crystal quality and layer thicknesses. Average strains in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the layer interfaces were obtained directly from the rocking curves. Strains and thicknesses of the HgTe and CdTe layers, as well as variations from layer to layer, were found by fitting the symmetric rocking curves with theoretical calculations based on a kinematic model for the diffraction. A tilt of the atomic planes in the epitaxial layers, relative to those in the substrate, was observed by means of rocking curves recorded from the same diffracting planes, but with reversed incident and diffracted beam directions.
Coevolutionary constraints? The environment alters tripartite interaction traits in a legume.

Third party species, which interact with one or both partners of a pairwise species interaction, can shift the ecological costs and the evolutionary trajectory of the focal interaction. Shared genes that mediate a host’s interactions with multiple partners have the potential to generate evolutionary constraints, making multi-player interactions critical to our understanding of the evolution of key interaction traits. Using a field quantitative genetics approach, we studied phenotypic and genetic correlations among legume traits for rhizobium and herbivore interactions in two light environments. Shifts in plant biomass allocation mediated negative phenotypic correlations between symbiotic nodule number and herbivory in the field, whereas positive genetic covariances suggested shared genetic pathways between nodulation and herbivory response. Trait variance-covariance (G) matrices were not equal in sun and shade, but nevertheless responses to independent and correlated selection are expected to be similar in both environments. Interactions between plants and aboveground antagonists might alter the evolutionary potential of traits mediating belowground mutualisms (and vice versa). Thus our understanding of legume-rhizobium genetics and coevolution may be incomplete without a grasp of how these networks overlap with other plant interactions.
Market Timing For active Asset Allocation: A Discrete Regression Model Approach

A discrete regression model (DRM) approach to timing the asset class markets for stocks, bonds, and cash in active asset allocation is presented. The technique involves investing in the asset class whose return is predicted to exceed the other asset class return after observing a sequential signal of estimated probabilities. The empirical results show that the DRM approach provides enhanced portfolio performance when compared to more passive fixed-weight portfolio strategies.
Between Private Ordering and Public Fiat: A New Paradigm For Family Law Decision-Making

Family law is in a period of pervasive uncertainty. The changing technology of assisted reproduction has called into question the definition of the most basic of family relationships - the meaning of motherhood. At the same time, legal changes in the relationship between marriage, biology and paternity have led to rapidly changing definitions of fatherhood that vary from state to state, and year to year. Changing expectations in marriage have increased interest in ante-nuptial and even post-nuptial agreements that specify the parties' understandings and attempt to govern their affairs in the event of dissolution. Life and technology are changing so quickly that traditional family law methods are insufficient to fulfill the desire of partners for certainty in their relationships - whether they seek recognition of unconventional parenthood, decision-making power over fertilized eggs, a pre-divorce determination of property rights, surrogate birth motherhood, or legal regulation of an unmarried partnership. This article provides a systematic examination of the procedures necessary to combine contractual bargaining with counseling, mediation, and family court or administrative approval. It begins with consideration of the debate over the role of contract in family law and the precedent provided by ante-mortem probate. It concludes that neither private bargaining nor publically mandated status arrangements can fully govern modern family arrangements on their own, and that the three procedures we have identified, which have never been used in tandem, offer an innovative way to use the law to shape the beginning, rather than the end, of intimate relationships. The article maintains that any family matter that can be litigated after a dispute arises is likely to be amenable to pre-dispute determinations that offer a foundation for faster, cheaper, and more amicable resolutions. We believe that the procedures we are proposing are the missing piece of the efforts to make family courts a constructive part of family life and a more active part of the response to the role of changing technology and changing understandings in family arrangements.
Inhibition of sperm migration through cervical mucus in vitro.

The effectiveness of inhibiting bovine sperm migration through cervical mucus in vitro by prior treatment of semen with 45 to 150 μg of soybean trypsin inhibitor, univalent (papain-digested, nonagglutinating) and bivalent (undigested) rabbit anti-bovine sperm immunoglobulin, and heat-treated heifer serum was studied. Sperm head-to-head agglutination resulted from treatment of semen with bivalent immune antibody and heat-treated heifer serum. Migration through cervical mucus was inhibited only by treatment resulting in spermagglutination. It is postulated that in vivo inhibition of sperm migration may be influenced by secretory immunoglobulins from the cervix.
Peptide/Protein Stapling and Unstapling: Introduction of s-Tetrazine, Photochemical Release, and Regeneration of the Peptide/Protein

Protocols have been achieved that permit facile introduction of s-tetrazine into unprotected peptides and the protein, thioredoxin, between two cysteine sulfhydryl groups (i.e., staple), followed by photochemical release (i.e., unstaple) and regeneration of the peptide/protein upon removal of the cyano groups from the derived bisthiocyanate. The S,S-tetrazine macrocycles in turn provide a convenient handle for probe introduction by exploiting the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactivity of the tetrazine.
Racism: Why and How Paper Citizenship Came into Being

During the 61 years of Chinese Exclusion Act from 1882 to 1943,Chinese were the only ethnic group who was barred from the free entry into the United States.The earthquake at San Francisco in 1906 offered an opportunity for Chinese Americans to claim citizenship through legal procedures and therefore enabled many Chinese to enter America as Paper Citizens.This thesis aims to analyze the historical,economical and cultural backdrop of this immigration group,exploring why and how the phenomenon came into being and expounding its racism root.
The practice and experience of responsibility system by group leader in the transfusion room

Objective To explore the management of transfusion room in out-patient department in order to meet the demands of medical market and increase patients' satisfaction.Methods Five group leaders were selected from 20 nurses in the transfusion room.The nurses were divided into five groups.The group leaders' responsibilities were to solve the difficult cases of venepuncture,to provide skills training for the young nurses and participate in the nursing quality control cooperated with the head nurse.Results The patients' satisfaction increased from 83.13% to 95.63% and the patients' compliant decreased from 0.45% to 0.29%.The success rate of venepuncture by young nurses increased from 88.51% to 95.95%.Conclusions This management system can effectively prevent nursing disputes caused by venepuncture,train the young nurses and improve the general quality of nursing staff.
Systems and Control Opportunities in the Integration of Renewable Energy into the Smart Grid

Abstract The Smart Grid is among the most important and ambitious endeavors of our time. Deep integration of renewable energy sources is one component of the Smart Grid vision. A fundamental difficulty here is that renewable energy sources are highly variable – they are not dispatchable, are intermittent, and uncertain. The electricity grid must absorb this variability through a portfolio of solutions. These include aggregation of variable generation, curtailment, operating reserves, storage technologies, local generation, and distributed demand response. The various elements in this portfolio must be dynamically coordinated based on available information within the framework of electricity grid operations. This, in turn, will require critical technologies and methods drawn from optimization, modeling, and control, which are the core competencies of Systems and Control. This paper catalogues some of these systems and control research opportunities that arise in the deep integration of renewable energy sources.
Treatment (trmt) outcome in lung transplant (LTx) recipients who develop lung cancer (LC): A Cleveland Clinic (CC) experience.

e12515 Background: The incidence of LC in patients (pts) with LTx is higher than general population. Treatment (trmt) remains controversial given the immunosuppressive state and comorbidities. The ...
A PNNH Pincer Ligand Allows Access to Monovalent Iron

Reaction of the unsymmetrically-armed pincer PNNH (phosphine, pyridyl, pyrazole) with FeCl2 yields a five coordinate monomer (PNNH)FeCl2, whose NH proton hydrogen bonds to capture THF. Deprotonation of this NH functionality with Li[N(SiMe3)2] does not give four coordinate (PNN)FeCl, but instead retains LiCl to yield (PNNLi)FeCl2, where Li bridges between the pyrazolate beta nitrogen and one chloride on Fe. One electron reduction of this compound under CO occurs with loss of LiCl to form square pyramidal monovalent iron in (PNN)Fe(CO)2, which is characterized by IR, Mossbauer, X-ray diffraction, EPR measurements and DFT calculations. Cyclic voltammetry of (PNN)Fe(CO)2 showed a reversible reduction wave and the reduction product was synthesized using KC8. The product (KPNN)Fe(CO)2 contains saturated, five coordinate Fe(0); the (PNN)Fe subunit is anionic, and the K+ cations cluster near the pyrazolate side of the two CO ligands, leaving the back side of potassium electrophile open to aggregate with the oxygen of CO of a neighboring unit, creating a polymeric chain. Reaction of (PNN)Fe(CO)2 with HBpin results in reduction of the metal center (by release of H2) and borylation of the pyrazole β-nitrogen. This redox active addition of the H-B bond across metal/ligand assembly is an unusual example of metal-ligand cooperativity and establishes a ligand which supports iron in three different oxidation states.
Reorganizing School Lunch for a More Just and Sustainable Food System in the US

Public school lunch programs in the United States are contested political terrains shaped by government agencies, civil society activists, and agri-food companies. The particular organization of th...
The effect of damage control laparotomy on major abdominal complications: A matched analysis.

Abstract Introduction Damage control laparotomy (DCL) for trauma is thought to be associated with increased abdominal complications. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of DCL on abdominal complications by comparing two groups of trauma patients: DCL patients who were prospectively adjudicated to potentially being closed at the primary laparotomy (potential DEF or pDEF) and those who underwent definitive laparotomy (DEF). Methods The pDEF group was matched to DEF patients according to mechanism of injury, abdominal injury severity, operating room transfusions, and performance of a colon resection. The primary outcome was major abdominal complications (MAC), a composite variable. Results No statistically significant difference in the primary outcome, major abdominal complications, were seen (pDEF 19% versus DEF 56%, p = 0.066). The pDEF group was more likely to have a fascial dehiscence (38% versus 0%, p = 0.018), and to be re-opened after fascial closure (38% versus 0%, p = 0.018). Conclusion Damage control laparotomy was associated with clinically but not statistically significant increase in rates of MAC. Increased numbers of patients to analyze in this fashion is needed.
Perspectives and Insights from Vietnamese American Mental Health Professionals on How to Culturally Tailor a Vietnamese Dementia Caregiving Program.

Objective: Little is known about dementia and caregiving among the rapidly growing Vietnamese American population. This qualitative study elicited insights on culturally tailoring an intervention t...
Global availability of clozapine and the risk of decompensation for recent geriatric patients from Africa: A case report

In individuals with schizophrenia resistant to other antipsychotics, the atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, has been found to be an effective treatment. However, the associated risk of agranulocyto...
Perceptually based and embedded wideband CELP coding of speech.

This paper presents a novel multi-band CELP coder with the following characteristics: wideband coding (6.5 kHz), variable bit rate (VBR) coding (10-24 kbps), low-delay (10 ms), embeddibility, and perceptually based dynamic bit allocation. The excitation signal of the linear prediction filter is the vector sum of eight off-line pre-filtered bandpass excitation vectors. The eight excitation codebooks are tree structured, providing embeddibility and variable bit rate. The dynamic allocation of the bitstream among the different bands is based on the perceptual importance of each band. The multi-band and perceptual structure of the coding scheme results in graceful degradation with decreasing bit rates both in quiet and in the presence of background noise.
Frontal Lobe Disorders in Pediatric Neuropsychology: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Tourette Disorder

This chapter will review current understanding of two neurodevelopmental disorders involving dysregulation of frontal lobe functioning: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Tourette disorder (TD). It will describe the clinical phenomenology of these disorders (including co-occurring conditions), recent research into their neurobiological and neuropsychological mechanisms, recommended assessment procedures, medical treatments, and psychosocial interventions.
Japan and the Revolution in Military Affairs

The Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) has not only changed how the USA engages in warfare but also how it maintains its military supremacy and how other nations budget and strategize. The very i...
Pong: A Flexible Network Services Monitoring System

In distributed computing environments it is important to determine not only whether individual critical machines are up or down, but also whether the individual services they offer are available. Our site was using a network monitoring package which used ICMP ECHO packets to determine when individual network components were unavailable. We found that there were many occasions where a server would reply to the ICMP ECHO, but would still not be providing the services it should be providing. We needed a tool which would let us monitor high level services such as AFS or NFS file service. This paper will describe a tool called pong which was developed to meet these needs. Pong is a highly configurable monitoring tool which "pings" individual services at predefined intervals and executes appropriate actions when the state of that service changes. We use pong to monitor three or more services on each of 110 servers.
Sleep Disorders and Migraine: Review of Literature and Potential Pathophysiology Mechanisms

Migraine shares a complex and poorly understood relationship with sleep. Patients consistently report poor sleep prior to migraine attacks and during them, identifying poor sleep as a migraine trigger. However, anecdotally, sleep is reported to serve a therapeutic role in terminating headache. Are the associations between migraine and sleep simply the result of various bidirectional relationships? A growing body of evidence suggests there may be a common underlying etiology as well. Our objective was to review studies of sleep and migraine from the last 2 decades utilizing validated subjective and objective measures of sleep and to explore potential mechanisms underlying this complex relationship by incorporating recent advances in neuroscience. We specifically focus on insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnias, sleep related movement disorders, and REM sleep related disorders and their relationship to migraine. Parts of brainstem-cortical networks involved in sleep physiology are unintentionally being identified as important factors in the common migraine pathway. Recent discoveries on anatomic localization (the hypothalamus as a key and early mediator in the pathophysiology of migraine), common mediating signaling molecules (such as serotonin and dopamine), and the discovery of a new CNS waste removal system, the glymphatic system, all point to a common pathophysiology manifesting in migraine and sleep problems.
On the Effect of Face Detection on Heart Rate Estimation in Videoplethysmography

Videoplethysmography (VPG) is a rapidly developing optical sensing technique that provides an attractive alternative to traditional pulse oximetry methods. In its core, VPG relies heavily on face detection and tracking algorithms to extract a useful signal. Existing work mainly take advantage of ready to use solutions and treat face detection as a reliable given tool. In this study, we provide initial investigation of the effect of face detection frequency on spectral heart rate estimation. We collect the data using an off-the-shelf tablet and demonstrate how periodicity of face detection deteriorate the quality of the extracted VPG signal. Both frequency and time domain are considered. We provide important insights into this problem and reveal that under relatively stationary conditions, using static face region is more beneficial.
Optimization of Uranium and Plutonium Separations Using TEVA and UTEVA Cartridges for MC-ICP-MS Analysis of Environmental Swipe Samples

The analysis of environmental swipe samples for ultra-trace uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) determinations is essential in the nuclear safeguards community. While mass spectrometry techniques for U and Pu detection continually improve, established separation methods are seldom reevaluated. Currently, actinide separations within the forensics community predominantly employ either Eichrom TEVA® or UTEVA® resins. The direct optimization of U and Pu separations utilizing both resins has not been widely reported. Here, several methods were explored with goals of increasing analyte recovery, acquiring cleaner blanks, and improving the separation efficiency of ultra-trace levels of U and Pu from environmental swipe samples. The optimized separation methodology of U and Pu was examined using certified reference materials and archived environmental swipe samples.
Textbooks and the Library Collection

Recent efforts to reduce costs for textbooks and other learning materials are now blurring the lines between what is and is not a textbook. Initiatives in California, Georgia, and other states have...
Decoding signatures of structure, bulk thermodynamics, and solvation in three-body angle distributions of rigid water models.

A tetrahedral structure resulting from hydrogen bonding is a hallmark of liquid water and plays a significant role in determining its unique thermophysical properties. This water feature has helped understand anomalous properties and physically interpret and model hydrophobic solvation thermodynamics. Tetrahedrality is well described by the geometric relationship of any central water molecule with two of its nearest neighbors in the first coordination shell, as defined by the corresponding “three-body” angle. While order parameters and even full water models have been developed using specific or average features of the three-body angle distribution, here we examine the distribution holistically, tracking its response to changes in temperature, density, and the presence of model solutes. Surprisingly, we find that the three-body distribution responds by varying primarily along a single degree of freedom, suggesting a remarkably simplified view of water structure. We characterize three-body angle distributions across temperature and density space and identify principal components of the variations with state conditions. We show that these principal components embed physical significance and trace out transitions between tetrahedral and simple-fluid-like behavior. Moreover, we find that the ways three-body angles vary within the hydration shells of model colloids of different types and sizes are nearly identical to the variations seen in bulk water across density and temperature. Importantly, through the principal directions of these variations, we find that perturbations to the hydration-water distributions well predict the thermodynamics associated with colloid solvation, in particular, the relative entropy of this process that captures indirect, solvent-mediated contributions to the hydration free energy.
Warm autoadsorption using ZZAP.

CONCLUSIONS The masking of clinically significant alloantibodies by warm autoantibodies presents challenges in pretransfusion testing. The adoption of transfusion practices such as the issuing of "least incompatible" red blood cells (RBCs) without a complete antibody workup is potentially unsafe for patients. Several autoadsorption methods can be used to remove autoantibody reactivity. ZZAP treatment of autologous RBCs is an efficient way to prepare the cells for autoadsorption. Autoadsorbed serum or plasma can then be used to remove autoantibody reactivity and identify clinically significant alloantibodies.
Abstract 5405: Integrative surfaceome profiling identifies MMP14, MRC2 and CD276 as candidate immunotherapeutic target in osteosarcomas

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in pediatric patients. However, the survival rate of patients with osteosarcomas has not improved for the last several decades. Current developments in immunotherapeutic strategies may increase the efficacy of these treatments for solid tumors. However, these treatments, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) or CAR-T cell therapy have not been sufficiently studied in OS because of a lack of known tumor-specific target. In this study, we developed an integrative pipeline combining the transcriptomic data from OS patients and the cell-surface proteomics data generated from a panel of patient-derived OS cell lines and PDX models and relating these to normal tissue expression. RNA sequencing data from 40 high-risk OS patients treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center was pooled with 111 OS patients available through the public TARGET online database. All the tumor data was subsequently compared with normal tissue RNA-sequencing data from the NIH Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. The significantly differentially expressed genes (log fold change tumor versus normal >1.5 for each tissue, p Citation Format: Yifei Wang, Zhongting Zhang, Wendong Zhang, Zhaohui Xu, Xin Zhou, Michael Roth, Jonathan Gill, Douglas Harrison, Pooja Hingorani, Sankar Kannan, Sylvester Jusu, Xiangjun Tian, Jing Wang, Rossana Lazcano, Alexander Lazar, Richard Gorlick. Integrative surfaceome profiling identifies MMP14, MRC2 and CD276 as candidate immunotherapeutic target in osteosarcomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5405.
Applied Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation

Adaptation to the impacts of climate change on water resources will involve local decisions made by water users and suppliers. In the case of large users and water suppliers, planning is performed by in-house technical staff, often supported by external consultants, and involves estimation of future demands and identification of a source or combination of sources that can most reliably and least expensively provide their required water. There are compelling arguments that measures for adapting to climate change should reduce reliance on specific climate projections and instead focus on a range of plausible futures. The “top-down” modeling approach, which starts with climate change modeling and proceeds to downscaling and hydrological and groundwater modeling tends to have large uncertainties and not provide actionable projections. The “bottom-up” or sensitivity analysis-based approach is more practical from an applied perspective. A suite of potential climate change scenarios for groundwater and surface water resources is used to evaluate the sensitivity of a supply system to a range of changes. In many groundwater-dependent areas in developed countries, existing groundwater flow models developed for the management of resources under current climate conditions can be utilized to assess the impacts of climate changes.
Distinct neural circuits establish the same chemosensory behavior in C. elegans

Animals frequently exhibit the same behavior under different environmental or physiological conditions. To what extent these behaviors are generated by similar vs. distinct mechanisms is unclear. Moreover, the circumstances under which divergent neural mechanisms establish the same behavior, and the molecular signals that regulate the same behavior across conditions, are poorly understood. We show that in C. elegans, distinct neural mechanisms mediate the same chemosensory behavior at two different life stages. Both dauer larvae and starved adults are attracted to carbon dioxide (CO2), but CO2 attraction is mediated by distinct sets of interneurons at the two life stages. Some interneurons mediate CO2 response only in dauers, some show CO2-evoked activity in adults and dauers but contribute to CO2 response only in adults, and some show CO2-evoked activity that opposes CO2 attraction in adults but promotes CO2 attraction in dauers. We also identify a novel role for insulin signaling in establishing life stage-specific CO2 responses by modulating interneuron activity. Further, we show that a combinatorial code of both shared and life-stage-specific molecular signals regulate CO2 attraction. Our results identify a mechanism by which the same chemosensory behavior can be generated by distinct neural circuits, revealing an unexpected complexity to chemosensory processing.
Three-Dimensional Meta-Atoms for Mid-Wave Infrared Flat Optics

Three-dimensional (3D) meta-atoms can significantly outperform their planar (2D) or2.5D counterparts. In this paper, a 3D meta-atom design strategy based on the Multi-Objective Lazy Ant Colony (MOLACO) algorithm and a Membrane Projection Lithography (MPL) fabrication technique is presented. When combined together these tools represent an extremely powerful methodology for realizing disruptive flat optical systems for operation in the Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) regime.
Angle-dependent resonance modes in terahertz photonic crystals and metasurfaces

This Conference Presentation, “Angle-dependent resonance modes in terahertz photonic crystals and metasurfaces,” was recorded at SPIE Optics + Photonics 2021 held in San Diego, California, United States.
Magnetic Nanofibers for Contaminants’ Removal from Water

The increase in the population and, consequently, in the industrial and agricultural production has led the planet to the depletion of natural resources and, in particular, water resources. Seeking to minimize this problem, some operations can be performed using new hybrid materials, being an attractive way to remove contaminants, in low concentration, from aqueous effluents. The development of nanomaterials has advanced and the use of nanostructures has been receiving the attention of researchers for its application in wastewater treatment. This chapter presents information regarding the applicability of magnetic nanofibers to remove contaminants from the water medium. Three-dimensional networks formed by nanofibers are nanoarchitectures with controlled characteristics and tunable physicochemical features, with particular interest for the development of novel and functional materials. Polymeric membranes containing high porosity, with nanochannels, have been presented as suitable templates for obtaining 3D magnetic nanofiber networks that present magnetic and magneto-transport characteristics. Firstly, some concepts about the electrospinning process to obtain general nanofibers, the aspects involved in the synthesis, the polymers used to produce nanofibers, and some applications are presented. The magnetic nanofiber aspects and different methodologies to produce this hybrid material are also presented. The main necessary analysis to characterize a magnetic nanofiber with regard to textural, morphological, thermal stability, and magnetic aspects are elucidated. In order to illustrate the characterization essays, some examples of the literature are shown. Finally, some applications of the magnetic nanofibers in the removal of contaminants from the water medium and the characteristics of the different processes, their operating conditions, and the results of the treatment are identified.
Diagnostic accuracy of clinically reported adenomyosis on pelvic ultrasound and MRI compared to surgical pathology.

Abstract Background Adenomyosis is a common gynecologic pathology that relies on diagnostic imaging to guide treatment. Accuracy of both pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when specifically evaluating for the presence of adenomyosis is high. However, the accuracy of reported rates in clinical practice is less well understood. Purpose To demonstrate the accuracy in reporting of adenomyosis on pelvic ultrasound and MRI compared to histopathology in common clinical practice. Basic procedures An institutional database was searched for women with a pelvic ultrasound and a pelvic MRI with a subsequent hysterectomy. Findings were extracted from radiology and pathology reports, and the documented presence or absence of adenomyosis was recorded for each modality. Blinded radiologists viewed each imaging pair to directly evaluate for adenomyosis. Main findings Compared to prior published data, imaging had lower accuracy in clinical practice when adenomyosis was not specifically evaluated for. For the finding of adenomyosis, pelvic ultrasound had a sensitivity of 10.9%, a specificity of 98.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 77.8%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 66.7%, an accuracy of 67.2%, and a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 7. Pelvic MRI had a sensitivity of 29.7%, specificity of 85.3%, PPV of 52.8%, NPV of 68.8%, an accuracy of 65.6%, and DOR of 2.5. Overall accuracy of MRI improved when adenomyosis was directly evaluated for (82.4% vs 65.6%). Principle conclusions Without direct communication to evaluate for adenomyosis, pelvic ultrasound and MRI may underestimate or misreport adenomyosis. Providers should be aware of these discrepancies when relying on radiology reports to guide treatment and potential interventions when diagnosing and managing adenomyosis.
Laterality in Swimming and Its Relationship to Dominance of Hand, Eye, and Foot

Abstract This study explores factors of lateral dominance in relation to movement patterns in the crawl and side strokes. The subjects were first and second year college women. Eyedness, footedness, handedness, and sidedness in the two swimming strokes were investigated. The data indicate that swimmers who breathe to the right in the crawl tend to swim on the left side in the side stroke; similarly, swimmers who breathe to the left tend to swim the side stroke on the right side. Dominance of eye, hand, or foot was not established as significant in the choice of side for swimming.
Micrococcus luteus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase. Studies of the enzymic reaction and properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid product.

The Micrococcus luteus DNA polymerase was purified over 1200-fold. The enzyme replicates, with varying efficiency, a wide variety of naturally occurring DNA's, including double stranded, single stranded, circular, and denatured DNA's. Also, a variety of DNA polymers containing defined repeating nucleotide sequences are replicated; many-fold synthesis is customarily observed. Replication is completely accurate as judged by nearest neighbor frequency analyses and analytical ultracentrifugal studies on the product DNA. When native Bacillus subtilis transforming DNA is replicated, however, the product DNA is not genetically active and is renaturable. The polymerase efficiently and faithfully repairs DNA's that contain partially single stranded regions.
Visible light crosslinking of methacrylated hyaluronan hydrogels for injectable tissue repair

Tissue engineering hydrogels are primarily cured in situ using ultraviolet (UV) radiation which limits the use of hydrogels as drug or cell carriers. Visible green light activated crosslinking systems are presented as a safe alternative to UV photocrosslinked hydrogels, without compromising material properties such as viscosity and stiffness. The objective of this study was to fabricate and characterize photocrosslinked hydrogels with well-regulated gelation kinetics and mechanical properties for the repair or replacement of soft tissue. An anhydrous methacrylation of hyaluronan (HA) was performed to control the degree of modification (DOM) of HA, verified by (1) H-NMR spectroscopy. UV-activated crosslinking was compared to visible green light activated crosslinking. While the different photocrosslinking techniques resulted in varied crosslinking times, comparable mechanical properties of UV and green light activated crosslinked hydrogels were achieved using each photocrosslinking method by adjusting time of light exposure. Methacrylated HA (HA-MA) hydrogels of varying molecular weight, DOM, and concentration exhibited compressive moduli ranging from 1 kPa to 116 kPa, for UV crosslinking, and 3 kPa to 146 kPa, for green light crosslinking. HA-MA molecular weight and concentration were found to significantly influence moduli values. HA-MA hydrogels did not exhibit any significant cytotoxic effects toward human mesenchymal stem cells. Green light activated crosslinking systems are presented as a viable method to form natural-based hydrogels in situ. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1229-1236, 2016.
Estimating the Exchange Rate Exposure of US Multinational Firms: Evidence from an Event Study Methodology

This paper provides new evidence on the issue of whether or not there is a contemporaneous relation between the dollar and firm value as measured with stock returns. Prior studies have failed to find any short-term relation between the value of the dollar and the stock price reactions of U.S. multinational firms. Using a different methodology than previous studies, we find a significant average negative drop in stock price across 430 firms on the day that Thailand devalued the bhat, initiating Asia’s financial crisis. We also show that this measure of exposure is related to both firm size and several proxies for intensity of foreign and Asian operations.
Emergence of New Onset substance use disorders among post-weight loss surgery patients.

Summary What is already known about this subject Elevated rates of substance use disorders (SUDs), particularly (but not only) alcohol use, are observed among post-weight loss surgery (WLS) patients. The development of SUDs among post-WLS patients typically occurs 1–2 years post-surgery. Post-WLS patients are developing SUD at a much later time of life than is typical of SUDs in the general population, suggesting they constitute a distinct SUD phenotype that is directly related to having undergone WLS. What this study adds Overall, findings suggest that post-WLS patients are overrepresented in substance abuse treatment programmes, and the majority of them report no history of SUD before WLS. Relative to non-WLS patients in SUD treatment, post-WLS patients in substance abuse treatment are disproportionally diagnosed with alcohol dependence, including alcohol withdrawal. Post-WLS patients may be at elevated risk for development of New Onset SUD in the absence of a prior SUD history; this group is phenotypically different from those with a history of substance abuse prior to surgery, and such patients may have unique treatment needs. A comprehensive substance abuse treatment facility began observing increased admissions who reported histories of weight loss surgery (WLS). Emerging evidence suggests that roughly half of post-WLS patients in substance abuse treatment developed their substance use disorder (SUD) after surgery. The present study examined differences between SUD patients who developed New Onset SUD after surgery and those with a reported SUD onset before WLS (SUD Hx+ group). Participants completed a questionnaire and participated in a semi-structured interview. Data were also obtained from participants’ electronic medical records. Of the total treatment sample (n = 4658), 2.8% reported a history of WLS. Post-WLS patients were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Among post-WLS patients who were interviewed (n = 56), 60% were classified as New Onset SUD, while only 40% were SUD Hx+. SUD Hx+ cases reported using significantly more types of substances than New Onset cases and were more likely to report pre-surgical binge eating disorder (BED). Post-WLS patients are overrepresented in substance abuse treatment and are disproportionally diagnosed AUDs. Post-WLS patients may be at elevated risk for development of New Onset SUD at a time in life (middle age) when SUD onset is relatively uncommon.
Improved Bounds for Testing Juntas

We consider the problem of testing functions for the property of being a k-junta (i.e., of depending on at most kvariables). Fischer, Kindler, Ron, Safra, and Samorodnitsky (J. Comput. Sys. Sci., 2004) showed that $\tilde{O}(k^2)/\epsilon$ queries are sufficient to test k-juntas, and conjectured that this bound is optimal for non-adaptive testing algorithms. Our main result is a non-adaptive algorithm for testing k-juntas with $\tilde{O}(k^{3/2})/\epsilon$ queries. This algorithm disproves the conjecture of Fischer et al. We also show that the query complexity of non-adaptive algorithms for testing juntas has a lower bound of $\min \big(\tilde{\Omega}(k/\epsilon), 2^k/k\big)$, essentially improving on the previous best lower bound of i¾?(k).
Axes of discovery: The time variable Universe

As Heraclitus might have said, “You don’t observe the same un iverse twice,” and in modern times we recognize the time domain as an important dimension in the overall phase space of variables that characterizes the observable universe. Examples abound across the electromagnetic spectrum and in non-photonic regimes (neutrinos, gravitational waves, cosmic rays). However, while we can glimpse the richness of time-domain phenomena at radio wavelengths, the radio sky is largely unexplored in any comprehensive sense, especially when compared to the successes of wide-field surveys at high energies. Known radio transients are as short as 0.4 ns with an equivalent brightness temperature of 10 42 K (Hankins & Eilek 2007) related to the coherent nature of pulsar radiation; others with incoherent emission extend to hour and longer time scales with thermal brightness temperatures. Some time domain properties are intrinsic to sources while others are imposed by multipath propagation through intervening plasma. This paper discusses both known and speculative aspects of the radio transient sky, with an emphasis on discoveries that can be made with new, appropriately designed instrumentation and telescopes. A generalized survey figure of merit is presented that takes into account th e rate and duration of transient celestial events. The key for expanding discovery space is a wide field of view (FoV) combined with adequate sensitivity and high-resolution sampling in time and frequency. I discuss implementation of time-domain studies as an integral part of synoptic survey modes and the potential for cross-wavelength and joint photonic/non-photonic studies. In particular, I make the case for designing and operating the mid-frequency range Square Kilometer Array as a Radio Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Some fundamentals regarding kinematics and generalized forces for multibody dynamics

In order to illustrate the various forms in which generalized forces can arise from diverse subsystem analyses in multibody dynamics, intrinsic dynamical equations for the rotational dynamics of a rigid body are derived from Hamilton's principle. Two types of generalized forces are derived: (1) those associated with the virtual rotation vector in some orthogonal basis, and (2) those associated with varying generalized coordinates. As one physical or kinematical result (such as a frequency or a specific direction cosine) cannot rely on this selection, a 'blind' coupling of two models in which generalized forces are calculated in different ways would be wrong. Both types should use the same rotational coordinates and should denote the virtual rotation on a similar basis according to method 1, or in terms of common rotational coordinates and their diversifications as in method 2. Alternatively, the generalized forces and coordinates of one model may be transformed to those of the other.
A Parallel Adaptive 3D MHD Scheme for Modeling Coronal and Solar Wind Plasma Flows

A parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) scheme is described for solving the governing equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in three space dimensions. This solution algorithm makes use of modern finite-volume numerical methodology to provide a combination of high solution accuracy and computational robustness. Efficient and scalable implementations of the method have been developed for massively parallel computer architectures and high performance achieved. Numerical results are discussed for a simplified model of the initiation and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the inner heliosphere. The results demonstrate the potential of this numerical tool for enhancing our understanding of coronal and solar wind plasma processes.
Elements of the fruitless locus regulate development of the muscle of Lawrence, a male-specific structure in the abdomen of Drosophila melanogaster adults

A genetically defined element of the fruitless (fru) locus in Drosophila melanogaster regulates the development of a male-specific muscle spanning the fifth abdominal segment in adult males, the ‘muscle of Lawrence’ (MOL). The region is defined by two cytological deletions, each with a breakpoint that co-maps with previously described mutant courtship phenotypes at cytogenetic interval 91B on the third chromosome. Flies that carry both of these deletions are viable, and males express abnormalities of courtship similar to those caused by the fru inversion breakpoint at 91B. In addition, these double-deletion males show the complete absence of the MOL, suggesting that they have little or no gene expression of a postulated MOL determinant; the musculature in the fifth abdominal segment of these mutants to indistinguishable from that of a normal female. Other mutant combinations that produce fruitless courtship phenotypes—including deletion and inversion breakpoints, and a marked transposon inserted at 91B—produce intermediate forms of the MOL. A new genetic variant, induced by imprecise excision of the marked transposon, is homozygous lethal and disrupts fru functions related to courtship and the MOL. The MOL is shown to be dispensable for fertility and is therefore not the causative factor of fru-induced behavioral sterility. These genetic variants and their phenotypic results are discussed with regard to a model for the organization of the fru locus.
Effect of Leukotrienes, 12-HETE, Histamine, Bradykinin, and 5-Hydroxytryptamine on in vivo Rabbit Cerebral Arteriolar Diameter:

To determine the possible role that leukotrienes (LTs) may play in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, the responses of cerebral arterioles to LTs and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) were studied in vivo in rabbits equipped with a cranial window for direct observation of the microcirculation. Topical application of LTC, LTD4, or 12-HETE (1.6 × 10−9–3.1 × 10−6M) neither constricted nor dilated the pial arteries. LTB4 produced only a 5% vasoconstriction at 3.0 × 10−6M. However, bradykinin induced dose-dependent arteriolar vasodilation and histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine induced dose-dependent arteriolar vasoconstriction. Although some LTs have potent vasoconstrictor activity in peripheral tissues and 5-lipoxygenase products have been hypothesized to be mediators of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and 12-HETE apparently are unable to induce significant constriction of the cerebral arterioles in the anesthetized rabbit.