cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors That Limit Growth and Abundance of Rainbow Trout Across Ecologically Distinct Areas of Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah-Wyoming

Abstract Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss stocked into Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah– Wyoming, are thought to be in poor condition and to rarely overwinter. In 2001–2002, we evaluated factors that affect the growth and abundance of rainbow trout, both temporally and spatially, based on a series of field measurements and growth experiments. Based on our field measurements, the growth and condition of rainbow trout in Flaming Gorge Reservoir actually parallel those of rainbow trout of various strains in other systems, and some rainbow trout overwinter as many as 3 years in the reservoir. Overall, rainbow trout appear to be spatially limited by physical factors (e.g., temperature) during only a few isolated times of the year and not in all areas of the reservoir. Although zooplankton were abundant throughout the reservoir, primary and secondary production vary spatially with concordant effects on fish growth and condition. Diet analysis indicated that rainbow trout consume primarily aquatic macroinvertebrat...
Kinetics of Anatase Electrodes: The Role of Ordering, Anisotropy, and Shape Memory Effects

We perform a comprehensive first-principles statistical mechanical study of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of lithiated anatase LixTiO2. We establish that the experimentally observed step in the voltage vs lithium composition curve between x = 0.5 and 0.6 is due to Li ordering. Furthermore, we predict that full lithiation of anatase TiO2 is thermodynamically possible at positive voltages but that there is an enormous difference in Li diffusion coefficients in the dilute and fully lithiated forms of TiO2, providing an explanation for the limited capacity in large electrode particles. We also predict that Li diffusion in the ordered phase (Li0.5TiO2) is strictly one-dimensional. The TiO2 to Li0.5TiO2 phase transition has much in common with shape memory alloys. Crystallographically, it can support strain invariant interfaces separating TiO2 and Li0.5TiO2 within the same particle. The strain invariant interfaces are parallel to the one-dimensional diffusion direction in Li0.5TiO2, which, we argue, ...
Recursive approaches to the statistical physics of lattice proteins

Introduces a class of recursively-based computational methods for studying the statistical physics of lattice polymer systems. The methods display certain novel aspects geared specifically towards the efficient analysis of lattice heteropolymer models at low temperatures. However, the general principles are in fact extremely general in scope, and can be applied also to problems at arbitrary temperatures, to homopolymers and RNA molecules, to sequence analysis issues such as inverse folding and sequence alignment, and to other discrete global optimization problems. Special importance is laid upon the need to measure in detail the structural characteristics of as large a number as possible of the low-energy states of heteropolymer models in order to understand their folding properties, as opposed to simply locating the slate of globally minimal energy (or locally minimal energy). In this way fundamental questions concerning the relevance of thermodynamic barriers in the models can be addressed. >
Energy dissipation in CS model coil joint during normal operation

The purpose of this work is to provide a tentative data base of heat generated in the joints of ITER CS model coil for further thermohydraulic analysis and design iteration. The present calculation is performed on the basis of normal AC operation of the coil. The DC resistance of a typical model coil joint is estimated to be /spl sim/3 n/spl Omega/. DC power dissipation at full conductor current of 46 kA is thus 5.9 W. The joint temperature is raised by /spl sim/0.1 K when a coolant inlet temperature of 4.5 K with a flowrate of 14 g/s/joint at a pressure of 0.6 MPa is applied. The AC loss in a joint is between 12 and 15 W. The highest total loss estimated at peak conductor current and a maximum current ramp rate is /spl sim/20.8 W which causes a temperature rise of /spl sim/0.36 K.
Reconfigurable computer origins: the UCLA fixed-plus-variable (F+V) structure computer

Gerald Estrin and his group at the University of California at Los Angeles did the earliest work on reconfigurable computer architectures. The early research, described here, provides pointers to work on models and tools for reconfigurable systems design and analysis.
On The Economic Role of RIS/PACS in Healthcare: An Empirical Study

The integration of electronic patient data records with digital images in PACS is the only way today to provide high-quality clinical services. Such integration enables clinicians to access both systems’ data reliably and consistently, as part of their regular working environment. This work extends the literature on RIS/PACS systems by focusing on changes in process dynamics as a source for ongoing firm-level performance improvements. A case discussion of viaHealth/Rochester General Hospital (RGH), a medical center that implemented RIS/PACS and subsequently experienced benefits through gains to its continuous improvement efforts, is examined in light of theorized impacts of such implementations on process dynamics. Analyses of longitudinal data suggest that performance along a key metric motivating the RIS/PACS initiative (i.e., clinical process lead-time) showed a significant improvement immediately after system deployment. The data further suggest that the system implementation gave rise to ongoing trend of performance improvement, in contrast to a stable performance trend prior to go-live. Finally, we present a general framework for capturing the actual tangible and intangible benefits of RIS/PACS implementation at a major hospital.
Capacity-achieving fingerprint decoding

We study randomized fingerprinting codes that achieve the fundamental capacity limits subject to the so-called Boneh-Shaw marking assumption. Two decoding schemes are studied in particular: the joint decoder is capacity-achieving but computationally intense, while the simple decoder is suboptimal but efficient. We provide tight bounds as well as numerical results for capacities and study the difference between these two schemes. Finally, security strategies for both the fingerprint embedders and the collusive attackers are presented.
Coverage-Aware Node-Disjoint Multipath Selection in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Typical wireless multimedia sensor networks are composed of many randomly deployed nodes which can retrieve information from the monitored field and relay packets following a hop-by-hop communication model. The transmission of packets from source nodes to the destination may flow across multiple paths, each one comprised of a number of intermediate nodes. The simple existence of a sensing unit in intermediate nodes or the estimation of cameras' Field of View over a monitoring target may turn relevant some sensors that compose a particular available path. We propose two coverage-aware node-disjoint multipath selection algorithms to distribute multimedia traffic over the available paths considering the sensing relevance of the intermediate nodes, potentially prolonging the lifetime of more relevant sensors for the application monitoring tasks.
High-Contrast Grating VCSELs

Recent advances in a single-layer 1-D high-index-contrast subwavelength grating structure are reviewed. Its incorporation into a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structure enabled simple fabrication, lithographically defined polarization control and large aperture, single-transverse-mode control. Extraordinarily large fabrication tolerance is demonstrated with plusmn20% variation of the high-contrast grating (HCG) critical dimension. Emission wavelength of HCG-VCSEL varied 0.2% with a 40% change in lithography linewidth. Tunable VCSELs are fabricated using HCG, which led to a 8000 times reduction in the tunable mirror size and 160 times improved tuning speed of 63 ns. This configuration will open the door for a wide spectrum of optoelectronic devices in large wavelength regimes.
Doping and phonon renormalization in carbon nanotubes

We show that the Raman frequency associated with the vibrational mode at approximately 1,580 cm(-1) (the G mode) in both metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes shifts in response to changes in the charge density induced by an external gate field. These changes in the Raman spectra provide us with a powerful tool for probing local doping in carbon nanotubes in electronic device structures, or charge carrier densities induced by environmental interactions, on a length scale determined by the light diffraction limit. The G mode shifts to higher frequency and narrows in linewidth in metallic carbon nanotubes at large fields. This behaviour is analogous to that observed recently in graphene. In semiconducting carbon nanotubes, on the other hand, induced changes in the charge density only shift the phonon frequency, but do not affect its linewidth. These spectral changes are quantitatively explained by a model that involves the renormalization of the carbon nanotube phonon energy by the electron-phonon interaction as the carrier density in the carbon nanotube is changed.
Animal Models for Phototoxicity Testing

An increasing number of industrial, household, drug, and cosmetic chemicals are developed and marketed each year. Most new compounds to which workers and consumers may be exposed, especially topically, are screened for safety by standardized skin-irritation toxicity testing protocols. However, the testing of these materials for their phototoxic potential is not routine, and thus the development of phototoxicity test procedures has been slow. Today there exists a need for meaningful, reliable, and standardized tests for determining the phototoxic potential of the many chemicals and products that we may come in contact with in our daily lives.Phototoxicity (photoirritation) is a light-induced skin response, similar to an exaggerated sunburn, that can be elicited after a single exposure to a photoactive chemical. This chemical may reach the target tissues directly by topical application, or indirectly by ingestion, or by other means that allow the chemical to enter the bloodstream. Phototoxicity differs from...
Measurement of the shape factor for the β decay of O 14

We report results from an experiment designed to test the conserved vector current (CVC) hypothesis by measuring the shape of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay spectrum for the allowed ${0}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{1}^{+}$ ground state decay of $^{14}\mathrm{O}$. Measurements of the spectrum intensity were obtained with a superconducting beta spectrometer and will be reported for positron kinetic energies ranging from 1.9 to 4.0 MeV. After dividing out phase space, Coulomb, and other correction factors, the resulting shape function has a negative slope of several percent per MeV. We define a parameter ${a}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, which is essentially a measure of the average slope of the shape function over the energy range of the measurements, and determine its value to be ${a}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\ensuremath{-}0.0290\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0008$ (stat.) $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0006$ (syst.). The measured slope parameter is in good agreement with predictions from shell model calculations that respect CVC.
Parallel distributed processing models and metaphors for language and development

Parallel distributed processing (PDP) is an approach to modeling cognitive abilities, and a hypothesis about the mechanisms mediating learning and representation. This dissertation focuses on one type of PDP model, networks of simple processing units trained by the back propagation algorithm to learn input-output relationships. Two areas of inquiry are investigated: cognitive development, and representation of linguistic regularities, associations, such as those governing constraints on word-combinations. In Part I, artificial training corpora are constructed to explore how constraints on the order of acquisition of different types of information may be a function of the learning algorithm and superpositional storage of input-output pairs. The principles that constrain network performance are compared to three complimentary approaches to development: maturational, constructivist, and correlational. The exploratory models show that PDP mechanisms are relevant to all three approaches. Networks can be used to illustrate the notions of logical prerequisite and critical period, and can recover from initial incorrect encodings of a training corpus, such as those that derive from imperfect correlations between aspects of the input and output. These findings are argued to be relevant to the question of what computational mechanisms and representations may facilitate inductive learning. Part II of the dissertation focuses on the potential of PDP models to capture linguistic regularities. To investigate an analogy between network and human representations of word meaning and word-combination rules, the polysemic structure of six prepositions were analyzed. Two PDP models meeting some of these representational challenges were constructed. The training sets for both models consist of distributions of form-meaning pairs that reflect important aspects of English spatial expressions. Under pressure to encode these distributional regularities with limited resources, the models self-organize to encode the abstract properties of the input vectors and "rules" for their combination. Key to the models' successful integration of words in different contexts is their recoding of input vectors into a format in which co-occurrence relationships among words are explicit. Given that speakers must solve the same problem solved by the networks, human mental representations of word meanings may also conflate attributes of individual words and the contexts in which they occur.
FDM three-channel fiber-optic low-frequency voltage sensor

We report a frequency-division-multiplexed (FDM) three- channel fiber-optic low-frequency voltage sensor based on the electrostrictive effect. The high-resolution device is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate the measurement of three low-frequency voltage signals with a single fiber-optic interferometer and a single unmodulated laser. Measured cross talk between channels is less than −75 dB and is demonstrated to be a consequence of the nonlinear output of the interferometer for large optical phase shifts.
A Meta-Analysis of Studies on Self-Concept Between the Years of 1976 and 1986

This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of counseling to favorably change self-concept; the effectiveness of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) in measuring self-concept change; and whether the TSCS is consistent with other self-concept instruments in measuring self-concept change when used in the same research study. The meta-analysis inclusion criteria were: one or more psychotherapy or counseling treatments administered to the subjects; comparison of two groups, including an alternate treatment or control condition; investigated self-concept change; pre-post-test measurements of self-concept dependent variable were reported; sample was randomized and/or matched for equivalence; and sufficient information was reported to calculate or reconstruct an effect size.
The classical solutions and the regularity of the free boundaries in multi-dimensional singular stochastic control

One traditional difficulty in stochastic singular control problem is to characterize the value function as a classical solution to the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, which involves free boundaries between the action and inaction regions. This difficulty is especially prominent in multi-dimensional singular control problems, where the HJB equations are elliptic partial differential equations (PDE) with free boundaries. In this paper, a type of multi-dimensional singular stochastic control problems is considered. Through a technique of Dynkin games (zero-sum games), it is shown that if the free boundaries have certain regularity properties such as Lipschitz continuity and smoothness, the classical solutions to the HJB equations exist. These regularities also enable us to characterize the boundary conditions of the PDEs. Then the verification theorem can be applied in order to show the optimality of the control.
Studies in Human Subjects of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Vaccines

SummaryClinical studies of 12- and 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccha-ride vaccines were carried out among 76 adults and 42 children. All but a small proportion of persons developed significant increases in homologous antibody against all capsular types in the vaccine. Clinical reactions consisted mostly of mild fever and self-limiting local reactions at the injection site, such as commonly seen following administration of killed vaccines. Antibody persisted remarkably well with only slight decline 20 months after the vaccine was given. The vaccine shows great promise for preventing disease and death caused by pneu-mococci and merits wide discretionary application.The authors are greatly indebted to L. Gorkum, M.D., E. McNicholas, M.D., and G. A. Starkweather, M.D., and to J. Campbell, R.N., K. W. Campbell, R.N., B.S., and J. Laughead, R.N., for professional medical and nursing assistance. V. Holmes, B.S., B. Last, G. Lowden, A.B., M.S., and J. Staub, B.S., provided important technical assistance.
Structure-Property Relationships in Tb4PtGa12 and Y4PtGa12

Single crystals of Y4PtGa12 have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the cubic Im 3 m space group with lattice parameters a = 8.530(5) A. Magnetic property measurements show that Y4PtGa12 does not order magnetically. Structure-property relationships with the isostructural antiferromagnet Tb4PtGa12 are discussed.
Auger Electron and Photoelectron Diffraction in Magnetic Thin Films

The role of the final-state character of the emitted electron in Auger electron diffraction (AED) and x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) is examined with respect to magnetic materials. Single scattering cluster calculations with the inclusion of the spherical wave character and the final-state character of the emitted electron (both angular momentum quantum number and magnetic quantum number) show that selective emission from different m-levels, generated by a non-statistical distribution of initial m-levels or by an m-selective excitation process, results in distinctly different emission patterns.
On the Road Again After Vasovagal Syncope

Many things can cause motor vehicle accidents. Although medical conditions are rarely the cause, the relationship between syncope and accidents is well known. In 1958, Norman began collecting data on London Transport bus drivers to study medical conditions causing accidents [(1)][1]. More than 19
Abstract 107: A Field Synopsis of Sex in Clinical Prediction Models for Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: Incorporating sex in Clinical Prediction Models (CPMs) may support sex-specific clinical decision making. Risk scores commonly used in CVD prevention, such as the Pooled Cohort Equation and the Framingham risk score for 10 year CVD risk, present sex-specific algorithms, yet to date, there has been no systematic summary of the role of sex across CPMs. To better understand the potential influence these models might have on sex-specific care, we conducted a field synopsis of the role of sex in CPMs for CVD. Methods: We identified CPMs in the Tufts PACE CPM Database, a systematic review of CVD CPMs published from 1/1990-5/2012. We report the proportion of models including the effect of sex on CVD incidence or prognosis, summarize the directionality of sex effects (harm or protection associated with female sex), and explore factors influencing the inclusion of sex. Results: Out of 592 CPMs with CVD as either an index condition or outcome, 173 (34%) contained a coefficient for sex and 27 (5%) presented sex-stratified models. Sex was over 2.5 times more likely to be included in models predicting CVD incidence in a general population sample versus models predicting prognostic outcomes among patients with known CVD (79% (54/68) vs. 29% (146/498), p<0.0001). Among the 366 CVD-related models that did not include sex as a covariate or stratification variable, 71% reported that sex had been considered as a candidate for inclusion based on clinical or statistical criteria. Being a woman was associated with lower risk of death in 8 of 8 models predicting mortality among patients with heart failure that included sex as a covariate (see figure), yet a higher risk of death among women undergoing revascularization procedures in 10 of 12 CPMs. In multivariable analysis, the number of outcome events (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.6-4.4, p=0.0002) and a cohort defined as a population sample at risk for developing CVD (OR=6.2, 95% CI 2.7-14.1, p<0.0001) were significantly associated with inclusion of sex in CPMs. Conclusions: Sex is included in about one third of published CPMs, but more frequently in models predicting incidence of CVD. The importance of sex-specific care may be especially well established for primary prevention. The rapidly growing literature on CPMs may yield important insights to guide sex-specific CVD prevention and treatment. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Interfacial spin-orbit torque without bulk spin-orbit coupling

An electric current in the presence of spin-orbit coupling can generate a spin accumulation that exerts torques on a nearby magnetization. We demonstrate that, even in the absence of materials with strong bulk spin-orbit coupling, a torque can arise solely due to interfacial spin-orbit coupling, namely, Rashba-Eldestein effects at metal/insulator interfaces. In magnetically soft NiFe sandwiched between a weak spin-orbit metal (Ti) and insulator (${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$), this torque appears as an effective field, which is significantly larger than the Oersted field and qualitatively modified by inserting an additional layer between NiFe and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Our findings point to unconventional routes for tuning spin-orbit torques by engineering interfacial electric dipoles.
CMP or CMP: The Balance in Chemical Mechanical Polishing

Whether particular process conditions lead to chemical or mechanical control of the removal rate in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is an important question. The Langmuir surface kinetics model of CMP provides insights into this balance. An equation is derived which shows what fraction of the process is under mechanical control and examples implementing the equation are discussed.
Protein backbone 1HN-13Cα and 15N-13Cα residual dipolar and J couplings: New constraints for nmr structure determination

A simple, sensitivity-enhanced experiment was devised for accurate measurement of backbone 15N-13Calpha and 1HN-13Calpha couplings in proteins. The measured residual dipolar couplings 2DHCA, 1DNCA, 3DHCA, and 2DNCA for protein GB1 display very good agreement with the refined NMR structure (PDB code: 3GB1). A Karplus-type relationship between the one-bond 1JNCA couplings and the backbone dihedral psi angles holds, and on the basis of the two-bond 2JNCA couplings a secondary structure index can be established.
Living Wills, Medical Powers of Attorney, and End of Life Decisions in Louisiana: With Forms

This paper was presented in connection with the LSU 43rd Annual Estate Planning Institute. The paper examines the laws regulating end-of-life decisions in Louisiana with comparisons to other jurisdictions. The paper discusses how to draft appropriate end-of-life documents that are tailored to a client's unique and individual needs while at the same time ensuring enforceability of those documents. The paper includes several model forms for Louisiana practitioners.
Benzodiazepines for panic disorder. Are they safe

PreviewDo patients get high on benzodiazepines? Is abuse of these agents widespread? Many physicians believe them to be relatively undesirable medications, although benzodiazepine treatment is effective in the majority of patients with panic disorder. In this article, Dr Garvey reviews the evidence about use and abuse of benzodiazepines and discusses various treatment-related issues.
Functional imaging in a low-field, mobile intraoperative magnetic resonance scanner : Expanded paradigms

OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated the capability to obtain functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the motor cortex in healthy volunteers using a low-field mobile operating room-based MRI scanner with 0.12-T field strength. Using an expanded (0.15-T), but still mobile, version of this system, our goal was to acquire data showing activation of other areas of functionally important cortex. METHODS: Five healthy volunteers were scanned with the low-field scanner using finger tapping, hand touch, silent word generation, text listening, and visual stimulation paradigms. The data was analyzed offline using publicly available software. For comparison, the volunteers were then scanned with a 3-T diagnostic MRI scanner. RESULTS: Significant cortical activation was demonstrated on 16 out of 22 images obtained on the operating room-based scanner. Motor activation was most robust, followed by silent word generation, text listening, and hand touch paradigms. The correlation coefficients compared favorably with the images obtained on the 3-T scanner. The signal changes were higher for images obtained with the low-field, mobile scanner compared with those performed with the 3-T diagnostic MRI scanner. CONCLUSION: Functional MRI scans of multiple cortical areas can be acquired with a low-field strength magnet designed for intraoperative imaging. Further refinement of this technique may allow for the acquisition of true intraoperative functional MRI scans immediately, before, and even during cranial surgery in select patients.
Comparison of six major intact rock failure criteria using a particle flow approach under true-triaxial stress condition

Suitability of six major intact rock failure criteria: Mohr–Coulomb, Hoek–Brown, Modified Lade, Modified Wiebols and Cook, Mogi and Drucker–Prager in representing the intact rock strength under the true-triaxial stress condition (σ 1 ≥ σ 2 ≥ σ 3) is examined in this paper. Because the true-triaxial experimental test data available in the literature are limited and do not cover a wide range of confining stresses, the particle flow code (PFC3D) software was used to simulate synthetic rock material failure of cubic samples of side dimension 160 mm under a broad confining stress range. The synthetic rock was made out of a mixture of gypsum, sand and water. The parallel bond model (PBM) available in PFC3D with the associated micro parameters was chosen to represent the behavior of the synthetic material. As the first step, uniaxial, triaxial and Brazilian tests were performed in the laboratory to find the macro properties of the synthetic material. As the second step, the effect of some of the micro properties: particle size, coefficient of variation of the normal and shear bond strengths and friction coefficient on the macro properties of the synthetic rock was investigated. Then, the micro parameters of PBM were calibrated based on the aforementioned macro parameter results. Using the calibrated PFC3D model 29 true-triaxial tests were simulated. All six failure criteria were fitted to these PFC data. Among these criteria, Modified Lade, Mogi and Modified Wiebols and Cook found to be the best failure criteria producing lower root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.212, 0.219 and 0.304, respectively. Thus those three criteria are recommended for prediction of intact rock strength under true-triaxial stress condition. Another fitting analysis was conducted using only 12 of the 29 data to find the effect of the limited data on the prediction accuracy of the three failure criteria through the RMSE value. The predictions based on these analyses produced RMSE values of 0.40, 0.23 and 0.47 for Modified Lade, Mogi and Modified Wiebols and Cook criteria, respectively. This indicated that the Mogi criterion is the most stable among the three criteria with respect to the prediction accuracy.
Hard Red Spring Wheat Marketing: Effects of Increased Shuttle Train Movements on Railroad Pricing in the Northern Plains

Despite the widespread adoption of shuttle train grain elevators and their potential for reducing rates for grain transport, few studies have evaluated their impact on railroad pricing. The aim of this paper is to assess railroad pricing behavior as well as empirically examine the impact of shuttle train movement on hard red spring wheat transport from North Dakota over time. Ordinary least squares estimation of the pricing model has rate per ton-mile as a dependent variable and supply and demand determinants as regressors. Intermodal competition and shuttle trains were found to have played a significant role in rate reduction over time.
The novel flip chip ball grid array design and challenges to enable higher routing density and power requirement

Flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) has been a common package technology to achieve higher input/output (IO) count. The call for more features have increase the input/output (I/O) interface density and require a better power delivery solution which translate into bigger form factor and more expensive decoupling solution. Increasing the package and die size is not an option as it increases the package cost. This paper focuses on the innovation and three design solutions provided to meet the demand for higher IO and power requirement. All the three solutions are discussed in details in this paper.
Staging Truth to Invite Dialogue: Elements of Group Work in Documentary Theatre Talkbacks

ABSTRACTThis article explores how audience reactions to documentary theatre performances about mental health can be transformed into a meaningful group experience through a facilitated “talkback.” A talkback is a period after a performance when audience members talk to the performers and each other about what they just saw and how they connected to it. The article examines how talkbacks demonstrate therapeutic factors such as interpersonal learning and group cohesiveness. It also explores the challenges inherent in running a talkback and what traits talkback facilitators must possess to successfully navigate the group dynamics of these talkbacks. Suggestions for integrating both talkbacks and documentary theatre techniques into group work practice will also be shared.
INDICATIONS FOR AND AGAINST THE LEG-LENGTHENING OPERATION

In the opinion of the author the operation of choice for equalizing leg length in the majority of cases is that of shortening the longer leg by: (1) resection of a portion of the longer femur; (2) arrest of growth by fusing to the shaft one or more of the epiphyses of the longer limb. When leg lengthening is definitely indicated the author recommends the use of a tibial onlay bone graft to bridge the zone of lengthening of either the femur or the tibia as a factor of safety in preventing delayed union, non-union, or late fracture.
Mass Migration, Tightening Borders, and Emerging Forms of Statelessness in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden

This article examines the respective Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish responses to the Syrian refugee crisis. Using the framework of Hannah Arendt's theories on statelessness, I explore recent legisl...
Coping with Environmental Change

We compare how fisheries in three marine systems – from Atlantic Canada, Pacific Mexico, and the eastern United States – respond to significant environmental changes, whether deviation-amplifying or deviation-mitigating. We ask what triggers changes that can avert fisheries collapse and how this is affected by intersections of governance and environment. We conclude by affirming the importance of both exclusive, secure property rights, and community-oriented decision-making power in tipping the balance towards more adaptive ways of responding to environmental change.
Security Perspective in Comparative Study of Platform-Based and Platform-Less BYOD Systems

Two different ways of adopting Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy in an enterprise are either contracting it out to vendor or building custom made BYOD solution with a set of independent security mechanisms and organizational policies. A comparative analysis of the two types of BYOD solutions has been performed to assist enterprises that consider ways in adoption of BYOD policy other than contracting it out to a vendor. In addition to the comparative analysis, this research outlines residual risks to help enterprises determine the suitable type of BYOD solution for their needs. To analyze BYOD risks, major risk areas such as lost & stolen devices, unauthorized third party applications, etc. have been analyzed. For all these risk areas, risk mitigation techniques were outlined and residual risks have been analyzed using risk scenarios derived from widely accepted industry standards suggesting the best practices. This research work adds as an additional source document to the knowledgebase of BYOD.
Effect of rolling procedure on the kinetics of recrystallization of cold-rolled copper

OFHC copper was rolled 96.4 pct by the straight-pass, cross-pass, and compression-pass techniques. These materials developed different deformation and recrystallization textures, different 1-hr recrystallization temperatures, and different recrystallization kinetics, although they had the same temperature dependence of the rate of recrystallization, QR.
Case 43: White “Clumps” in the Blood Sample from an Arterial Line

You are scheduled to anesthetize a 67-year-old woman for a lower abdominal resection of a rectal cancer. This is your first day in this hospital. The patient has a past history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, obesity, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A previous anesthetic 6 months before for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was, according to the patient, uneventful. You have no previous anesthetic record to refer to. She proves to be a difficult IV stick, but you manage to put a 20 G IV in the back of her hand. You sedate her and take her to the operating room. Prior to induction of anesthesia, you place an arterial line in the patient’s right radial artery. The anesthesia technician hands you a pressure transducer containing 1000 U heparin in 500 ml of normal saline. Thereafter you put the patient sitting up and place an epidural for postoperative pain relief. The test dose is negative and again the patient is placed supine. Anesthesia is induced uneventfully. Since the patient has very poor IV access, you elect to put in a central line. A right internal jugular catheter is placed uneventfully and seen to work well. Anesthesia is induced in a routine manner with etomidate, sufentanil, vecuronium, and isoflurane in air. The surgery starts and you elect to send an arterial blood sample to the laboratory for estimation of the usual parameters, including blood sugar. To your dismay, you note that white “clumps” precipitate out of the arterial blood sample. You take a new sample but unfortunately with the same result. However, blood from the central line does not show any “clumps,” and you are wondering if you should be worried about this and if so why?
Techno-economic analysis of conventional and advanced high-pressure tube trailer configurations for compressed hydrogen gas transportation and refueling

Abstract Transporting compressed gaseous hydrogen in tube trailers to hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) is an attractive economic option in early fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) markets. This study examines conventional (Type I, steel) and advanced (Type IV, composite) high-pressure tube trailer configurations to identify those that offer maximum payload and lowest cost per unit of deliverable payload under United States Department of Transportation (DOT) size and weight constraints. The study also evaluates the impacts of various tube trailer configurations and payloads on the transportation and refueling cost of hydrogen under various transportation distance and HRS capacity scenarios. Composite tube trailers can transport large hydrogen payloads, up to 1100 kg at 7300 psi (500 bar) working pressure, while steel tube trailer configurations are limited by DOT weight regulations and may transport a maximum hydrogen payload of approximately 270 kg. Using steel pressure vessels to transport hydrogen at high pressure is counterproductive because of the rapid increase in vessel weight with wall thickness. The most economic composite tube trailer configuration includes 30-inch-diameter vessels packed in a 3 × 3 array. A linear relationship between the deliverable payload and the capital cost of a composite tube trailer has been developed for configurations with the lowest cost-per-unit payload. The capital cost is approximately $1100 per kg of deliverable hydrogen payload. Considering the entire delivery pathway (including refueling), tube trailer configurations with smaller vessels packed in greater numbers enable higher payload delivery and lower delivery cost in terms of $/kg H2, when delivering hydrogen over longer distances to large stations. Selection of the appropriate tube trailer configuration and corresponding hydrogen payload can reduce hydrogen delivery cost by up to 16%.
Factors associated with missed assessments in a 2-year longitudinal study of acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors.

To evaluate participant-related variables associated with missing assessment(s) at follow-up visits during a longitudinal research study. This is a prospective, longitudinal, multi-site study of 196 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors. More than 30 relevant sociodemographic, physical status, and mental health variables (representing participant characteristics prior to ARDS, at hospital discharge, and at the immediately preceding follow-up visit) were evaluated for association with missed assessments at 3, 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up visits (89–95% retention rates), using binomial logistic regression. Most participants were male (56%), white (58%), and ≤ high school education (64%). Sociodemographic characteristics were not associated with missed assessments at the initial 3-month visit or subsequent visits. The number of dependencies in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) at hospital discharge was associated with higher odds of missed assessments at the initial visit (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.43). At subsequent 6-, 12-, and 24 months visits, post-hospital discharge physical and psychological status were not associated with subsequent missed assessments. Instead, the following were associated with lower odds of missed assessments: indicators of poorer health prior to hospital admission (inability to walk 5 min (OR: 0.46; 0.23, 0.91), unemployment due to health (OR: 0.47; 0.23, 0.96), and alcohol abuse (OR: 0.53; 0.28, 0.97)) and having the preceding visit at the research clinic rather than at home/facility, or by phone/mail (OR: 0.54; 0.31, 0.96). Inversely, variables associated with higher odds of missed assessments at subsequent visits include: functional dependency prior to hospital admission (i.e. dependency with > = 2 Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) (OR: 1.96; 1.08, 3.52), and missing assessments at preceding visit (OR: 2.26; 1.35, 3.79). During the recovery process after hospital discharge, dependencies in physical functioning (e.g. ADLs, IADLs) prior to hospitalization and at hospital discharge were associated with higher odds of missed assessments. Conversely, other indicators of poorer health at baseline were associated with lower odds of missed assessments after the initial post-discharge visit. To reduce missing assessments, longitudinal clinical research studies may benefit from focusing additional resources on participants with dependencies in physical functioning prior to hospitalization and at hospital discharge.
Development of a Static Model to Identify Best Management Practices for Trace Metals from Non-Exhaust Traffic Emissions

Risk through exposure to non-exhaust traffic emissions continues to increase as both the number of vehicles and traveling distances continue to increase with global urbanization. To better understand their impacts on the urban environment, a contaminant pathway was developed to describe important release mechanisms, transitory environmental media, and exposure media. Sources of contaminants were identified and characterized using published literature values. Concentrations of non-exhaust sources were used in conjunction with mean emission factors to estimate contaminant loads from individual vehicles (μg/km/veh). Published daily vehicle distances traveled were used to estimate total annual emissions (kg/yr) for the United States and Houston metropolitan area. This equates to approximately 5.1 million kg of Cu, 12.8 million kg of Zn, 4.9 million kg of Pb, and 2400 kg of Cd being released each year in the United States. Tires are responsible for 92% of total Zn emissions, with heavy-duty vehicles responsible for 77% of these emissions. Tires are also responsible for 86% of total Cd emissions. Brake dust contributes to 99.9% of Cu emissions. Wheel weights contribute approximately 94% of total Pb emissions. Identified best management practices include: 1. installation of grass buffer zones (e.g., rain gardens, vegetated swales) immediately adjacent to road surfaces, and 2. permeable pavements and green roofs near major highways. There are several limitations, assumptions and uncertainties associated with the study due to its static nature. However, evidence is substantial for the need to create new policies that address the pollution created by non-exhaust traffic emissions.
Direct conversion of CO2 into methanol over promoted indium oxide-based catalysts

Abstract Supported indium oxide catalysts are investigated for the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol at a total pressure of 40 bar (528–573 K) using a laboratory flow reactor. Surface reducibility, optical spectral characteristics, and catalytic rates and selectivity were correlated to catalyst composition. Promoted catalysts, especially Yttrium or Lanthanum-promoted indium oxide, require higher temperatures (H2-TPR) for surface reduction and display higher CO2 desorption temperatures (CO2-TPD). The promoted samples also have ˜20% higher methanol selectivity compared to the non-promoted catalyst, while having similar methanol formation rates (0.330–0.420 gMeOH gcat.−1 h−1 at 573 K). From 528 K to 558 K, methanol selectivity was over 80%, over all the promoted catalysts, and nearly 100% selectivity was observed at the low temperature range (˜528 K) investigated. The reaction kinetics of Y-promoted catalyst and the results of CO co-feeding experiments suggest that formate pathway is the likely reaction mechanism for methanol formation.
88. STUDYING THE PROGRESSION OF RESIDENTS' CULTURAL ATTITUDES DURING STANDARD PEDIATRIC RESIDENCY

Background Developing skills for taking care of patients from a variety of backgrounds is an important aspect in medical education as cultural differences between providers and patients can lead to miscommunication and affect patient outcomes. There is a lack of evidence in the current medical literature on the progression of residents’ cultural attitudes during pediatric residency through clinical experiences alone. The purpose of this study was to perform a cross-sectional survey of pediatric residents at different levels of training in our mid-size residency program. We hypothesized that clinical experiences attained with natural progression through standard pediatric residency training is insufficient to improve the trainees’ cultural attitudes. Methods After obtaining IRB approval, a previously validated Health Belief Attitudes Survey (15 items scored on a 6-point Likert scale) was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of the cultural attitudes of residents in different levels of training at our pediatric residency program (N=71). Standard descriptive statistics were done. The overall HBAS score was the mean of all 15 questions, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare overall median HBAS scores by residency class. Results 60/71 residents (84.5%) completed the survey. 55% reported receiving previous training and most (93.4%) wanted additional training on the topic. Despite that, a majority agreed that they were confident in their ability to deliver culturally effective health care. Residents fared especially poorly in the question on the importance of patient perspective in the physician-patient relationship. No statistically significant differences were seen between the median scores of each PGY class (p=0.65). Conclusions Clinical experiences alone did not lead to a progression of cultural attitudes in our cross-sectional study of pediatric residents in different levels of training. Our study demonstrates a need for developing a cultural sensitivity training curriculum at our residency program and identified specific areas where additional training would be most beneficial.
Novel P-Cycle Selection Algorithms for Elastic Optical Networks

Elastic optical networks (EONs) promise to provide high spectrum utilization efficiency due to flexibility in resource allocation. Survivability is regarded as an important aspect of EONs. P-cycle protection is very attractive for EONs due to fast restoration and high protection efficiency. P-cycles have been extensively studied for conventional fixed-grid WDM networks; however, p-cycle design and selection for EONs has received much less attention. In this paper, we consider the design and selection of p-cycles for EONs with distance-dependent modulation. We propose two novel link-based p-cycle evaluation methods: individual p-cycle selection and p-cycle set selection for EONs. Based on these methods, two p-cycle design algorithms, namely, Traffic Independent P-cycle Selection (TIPS) and Traffic-Oriented P-cycle Selection (TOPS), are proposed to find the best set of p-cycles that is able to provide 100% failure-dependent protection against single link failures. We evaluate our algorithms using both static and dynamic traffic models. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms have better performance than commonly used baseline algorithms.
A Low-Temperature Nickel Silicide Process for Wafer Bonding and High-Density Interconnects

Wafer-scale heterogeneous integration provides a viable pathway for the development of highly capable microsystems. However, it remains challenging to integrate die-and wafer-level components with a high-density interconnects while minimizing the system volume and within the temperature restrictions imposed by integrated circuits. Advancements in CMOS have motivated the development of low-temperature and low-resistance metal–silicon alloys or silicides. Nickel silicide (NiSi) is a CMOS-compatible material that forms at temperatures and anneal times within the thermal budget of commercial CMOS die and can be implemented with a wide range of nickel and silicon thin-film processing methods. We describe here the development of a 3-D integration strategy utilizing NiSi formation to generate both mechanical bonding and electrical interconnection between wafers. Specifically, we show that our NiSi-based wafer-bonding process is effective below 400 °C, at very short anneal times (minutes), and with a variety of thin-film processing methods. This NiSi-based process offers a robust approach for creating heterogeneously integrated microsystems in a CMOS-compatible fashion.
Stochastic Inventory Control Modeling for Satellite Constellations

As space technologies mature, the cost of inserting materiel into orbit continues to decrease. Advances in the miniaturization of hardware and decreasing launch costs have resulted in space becomin...