cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Matrix effect on food allergen detection - A case study of fish parvalbumin.

Abstract Two fish parvalbumin models were established to study relationships among matrix effect, extractability, and thermostability during in vitro immunodetection using two parvalbumin-specific monoclonal antibodies (3E1 and PARV19). Our results illustrated that matrix-induced thermal instability of parvalbumin was due mainly to physical (hydrophobic effect) and chemical (thiol-disulfide interchange) interactions. The addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, surfactant), β-mercaptoethanol (reducing agent) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, metal chelator) during sample preparation could not only increase the extractability of parvalbumin but also enhanced its immunodetection. Our findings demonstrated excess EDTA completely chelated Ca2+ in parvalbumin and rendered it undetectable using PARV19 (a Ca2+-dependent antibody). Overall, our resulted showed that matrix effect on in vitro analyte quantification cannot be underestimated. Any false negative or positive results could lead to severe or life-threatening allergic reactions.
TCT-373 Safety and Efficacy of Transradial versus Transfemoral Approach for Chronic Total Occlusion: A Meta-analysis

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions are found in 10-25% of patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST elevation myocardial infarction. Previous studies comparing outcomes of transradial (TR) versus transfemoral (TF) approach for CTO lesions have shown conflicting results. This
Effects of solids removal on water quality and channel catfish production in a biofloc technology production system

ABSTRACTTotal suspended solids control was evaluated in a channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) biofloc technology production system. Settling chamber flow rates were 0.9 (LO) or 2.9 (HI) L/min to ...
Empirical Measurement of Perceived Privacy Risk

Personal data is increasingly collected and used by companies to tailor services to users, and to make financial, employment, and health-related decisions about individuals. When personal data is inappropriately collected or misused, however, individuals may experience violations of their privacy. Historically, government regulators have relied on the concept of risk in energy, aviation and medicine, among other domains, to determine the extent to which products and services may harm the public. To address privacy concerns in government-controlled information technology, government agencies are advocating to adapt similar risk management frameworks to privacy. Despite the recent shift toward a risk-managed approach for privacy, to our knowledge, there are no empirical methods to determine which personal data are most at-risk and which contextual factors increase or decrease that risk. To this end, we introduce an empirical framework in this article that consists of factorial vignette surveys that can be used to measure the effect of different factors and their levels on privacy risk. We report a series of experiments to measure perceived privacy risk using the proposed framework, which are based on expressed preferences, and which we define as an individual's willingness to share their personal data with others given the likelihood of a potential privacy harm. These experiments control for one or more of the six factors affecting an individual's willingness to share their information: data type, computer type, data purpose, privacy harm, harm likelihood, and individual demographic factors, such as age range, gender, education level, ethnicity, and household income. To measure likelihood, we introduce and evaluate a new likelihood scale based on construal level theory in psychology. The scale frames individual attitudes about risk likelihood based on social and physical distance to the privacy harm. The findings include predictions about the extent to which the above factors correspond to risk acceptance, including that perceived risk is lower for induced disclosure harms when compared to surveillance and insecurity harms as defined in Solove's Taxonomy of Privacy. We also found that participants are more willing to share their information when they perceive the benefits of sharing. In addition, we found that likelihood was not a multiplicative factor in computing privacy risk perception, which challenges conventional theories of privacy risk in the privacy and security community.
Nutrition Management: Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and Oral Intake

Infants and children with congenital heart disease are contended with growth challenges. The causes are multifactorial and contributed by hypermetabolism, poor feeding, limited tolerance to feeding, and iatrogenic caloric deficits from procedural interruptions and fluid volume restriction that are inherent in the intensive care unit. Providing enteral and parenteral nutrition support, with attentive surveillance to nutrition delivery, can mitigate growth faltering in this population.
A Pastourelle in Outremer : The Cultural Politics of Hybridity in “L’altrier cuidai aber druda”

This article reconsiders the anonymous thirteenth-century poem “L’altrier cuidai aber druda,” a bawdy pastourelle that is one of a number of texts in Paris, Bibliotheque nationale de France, fonds francais 844 that are written in a hybrid between French and Occitan. Contextualizing the poem within its sole manuscript witness, a songbook thought to have been commissioned for the French-descended William II of Villehardouin, the Prince of the Morea in what is now Greece, I argue that a consideration of the cultural politics of this Crusader state can shed new light on the significance of the poem’s mixed language. With its blend of Occitan, French, and artificial words that are not quite either language, the text stages an act of literary deceit that undermines the prestigious language of the troubadours by thwarting both narrative and linguistic expectations. Parodying Occitan in this way would have been particularly appreciated by the francophone nobility of the Morea, eager to maintain their connections to their homeland in Europe and threatened by the specters of linguistic and cultural alterity from both fellow Crusaders and the resurgent Byzantine Empire.
Federal Budget Balance: Tonic or Toxin? Fiscal Irresponsibility: The Balanced Budget Amendment of

Continuous federal budget deficits and a rising public debt have been presented in terms that have produced mounting dissatisfaction with government. One solution offered to deal with this discontent has been a constitutional amendment to balance the federal budget. In a working paper, Charles J. Whalen presents a historical review of balanced budget legislation, including the constitutional amendment proposed in the Republican Contract with America. He outlines the arguments in favor of and against such legislation and concludes that such an amendment would be both politically and economically misguided. In light of this conclusion, Whalen offers an alternative direction for federal budgetary policy.
Valencia’s miraculous prophet: The Inquisition dossier of Catalina Muñoz (1588)

Preserved in the archives of the National Historic Archive in Madrid, the life story of Catalina Munoz uncovers the ways in which she, as a triply marginalized subject – black, woman, and slave – obtained power and social clout by capitalizing on the fame she acquired because of her role as spiritual advisor and healer to the Valencian religious community of Sanct Martin Church. This essay positions Catalina as an astute agent and spiritual advisor who navigated with savvy the intricacies of Valencia’s sixteenth-century religious elite. In doing so, the article aims to re-assign and parse Catalina’s agency as a prophet. It is through the caveat of prophecy where Catalina obtains her power and position by capitalizing on the fame – often referred to as ‘escandolo’ [‘scandal’] – she acquired as a spiritual advisor and healer to the Valencian religious communities.
Wind in Weak Grids: Low-Frequency Oscillations, Subsynchronous Oscillations, and Torsional Interactions

Oscillations have been observed in wind farms with weak grid interconnections. While Texas observes 4 Hz low-frequency oscillations, the west region in China observes subsynchronous oscillations at 30 Hz. Furthermore, this oscillation mode caused torsional interactions with a remote synchronous generator and led to shutdown of the power plant. Inspired by those real-world events, this paper aims to present an analytical model of type-4 wind in weak grids that can demonstrate both low-frequency and subsynchronous frequency oscillations. Critical factors, e.g., the parameters of the phase-locked loop (PLL), are examined using small-signal analysis. The analysis results are validated using a testbed built in MATLAB/SimPowerSystems. Except power electronic switching sequences, the testbed has controls (e.g., wind turbine pitch control, maximum power point control, converter controls), machine dynamics and power system dynamics modeled. This testbed includes a 100 MW Type-4 wind farm, a 600 MW synchronous generator, a long transmission line and a grid. The testbed successfully demonstrates two types of dominant oscillations under different PLLs. In addition, the testbed demonstrates torsional interactions due to the proximity of the subsynchronous mode and one of the torsional modes.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Isoquinoline Ureas as TRPV1 Antagonists

BACKGROUND The inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) has emerged as a novel approach for the treatment of various pain states. Pyrrolidinyl urea, SB 705498 with pKb = 7.3 in guinea pig TRPV1 receptor has been investigated in Phase II clinical trials for pain and chronic cough. Another heteroaryl urea derivative, A-425619 1, has been reported to be a potent and selective TRPV1 antagonist of capsaicin-evoked receptor activation with an IC50 value of 4 nM in hTRPV1. OBJECTIVE A series of thirteen A-425619 1 analogues with modifications centered around the Cregion were synthesized to understand the binding site characteristics of TRPV1 receptors. METHODS We synthesized a series of isoquinoline ureas and evaluated their antagonist potency using smooth muscle assay using guinea pig trachea along with the evaluation of the molecular properties and molecular modeling using CoMFA studies. RESULTS p-Chloro 4, p-bromo 5, m-isothiocyanate 15, and p-isothiocyanate 16 derivatives were found to be the most potent members of the series with pKb values in the range of 7.3-7.4 in the functional assay using guinea pig trachea. The lead compound A-425619 1 exhibited a pKb value of 8.1 in this assay. CONCLUSION The para-substituted analogues were found to be more potent than the ortho- and meta- analogues in the biological assay. This observation was further supported by molecular modeling studies using CoMFA.
Revising and Resubmitting: Building on Rejection

Publishing articles in peer-reviewed journals involves, at times, receiving rejections. Although rejection can be difficult to handle, it also provides an opportunity for authors to improve their manuscripts. In this chapter, I offer advice about how authors of rejected manuscripts can move forward with their work. The chapter includes suggestions for developing an understanding of the overall message of a rejection letter, making sense of the editor’s concerns and reviewers’ comments, and weighing options as an author. Both resubmitting a revised manuscript and finding a new home for a manuscript are explored as possible next steps. Following the guidance of this chapter will increase the likelihood of manuscripts becoming published articles and contributing to scholarship in mathematics education.
Internal and external validation of vulnerability indices: a case study of the Multivariate Nursing Home Vulnerability Index

As the frequency of natural disasters increases, there has been an emphasis on vulnerability index creation studies. In this study, we test the validity of vulnerability indices by examining a vulnerability index created for nursing homes throughout the Southeastern United States. In this index, underlying community characteristics, natural hazards frequency, and nursing home facility data were combined to create the Multivariate Nursing Home Vulnerability Index (MNHVI) using an inductive-hierarchical index structure. To internally validate these indices, a manual construction method and Monte Carlo simulations are used to create multiple unique versions of the MNHVI. Each iteration of the MNHVI considers alternative model structures for insight into regions of precision within the model and the average amount of variation for each census unit. External validation is used to determine if the indices are accurately predicting harm or mortality caused by storm events. External validation was assessed using death and injury statistics from NOAA’s storm event database and North Carolina death certificate data. Results demonstrated that indices were not precise despite changes in spatial scale and that hazard level indices were the most accurate predictor of injury and death from natural hazards. Identifying accuracy and precision for vulnerability indices provides additional assurance on the appropriate identification of at-risk regions.
Cost Comparison of In-Suite Versus Portable Tunneled Femoral Central Line Placements in Children Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing

Abstract Objective Compare the cost of placing tunneled femoral central lines in the interventional radiology suite to portable bedside placement using time-driven activity-based costing. Methods Detailed process maps were created using information generated from interviews with frontline staff, direct shadowing of patient procedures (19 patients—8 in-suite, 11 portable; patient age 4 days to 37 months; 6 males, 13 females), and electronic medical record review (80 patients—44 in-suite, 36 portable; patient age 1 day to 20 months; 42 males, 38 females) who underwent a tunneled femoral central line placement at a tertiary care pediatric hospital from January 1, 2018, to June 30, 2018. Procedures were conducted in-suite using fluoroscopy guidance or portably at the patient’s bedside using ultrasound. Capacity cost rates for each resource in the process maps were calculated for personnel, equipment, facilities, and supply costs. Costs for each process step were then calculated by multiplying the capacity cost rate by the mean duration of each step. Stepwise costs were summed for the entire process to generate a cost for each tunneled femoral central line placement pathway. Results Total pathway time for tunneled femoral central lines placement in-suite was 123 to 134 min (nonsedated) and 120 to 131 min (sedated) for a cost of $923 to $990 and $1,262 to $1,386, respectively. Total pathway time for tunneled femoral central lines placed portably were 117 to 119 min (nonsedated) and 115 to 147 min (sedated) for a cost of $1,060 to $1,066 and $1,379 to $1,393, respectively. Conclusion Total costs of tunneled femoral central lines placed in-suite were similar to total costs for lines placed portably. Cost should not be a primary consideration when deciding upon tunneled femoral central line approach in these patients.
Online Near-Duplicate Detection of News Articles

Near-duplicate documents are particularly common in news media corpora. Editors often update wirefeed articles to address space constraints in print editions or to add local context; journalists often lightly modify previous articles with new information or minor corrections. Near-duplicate documents have potentially significant costs, including bloating corpora with redundant information (biasing techniques built upon such corpora) and requiring additional human and computational analytic resources for marginal benefit. Filtering near-duplicates out of a collection is thus important, and is particularly challenging in applications that require them to be filtered out in real-time with high precision. Previous near-duplicate detection methods typically work offline to identify all near-duplicate pairs in a set of documents. We propose an online system which flags a near-duplicate document by finding its most likely original. This system adapts the shingling algorithm proposed by Broder (1997), and we test it on a challenging dataset of web-based news articles. Our online system presents state-of-the-art F1-scores, and can be tuned to trade precision for recall and vice-versa. Given its performance and online nature, our method can be used in many real-world applications. We present one such application, filtering near-duplicates to improve productivity of human analysts in a situational awareness tool.
Modular Multiphase Drives for Variable-Pole Induction Machines in Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles require high efficiency, compact and reliable high-power drivetrains. A variable-pole induction machine (IM) offers a viable magnet-free solution with distinct advantages, such as extended speed range and better utilization over all loading conditions compared to fixed-pole machines. From a power electronics perspective, a higher number of switching devices is needed to vary the IM pole count. This paper proposes a generalized framework that investigates the efficiency and sizing of a generalized modular multiphase inverter that drives a variable-pole IM. It explores how variable-pole operation benefits and constrains the drive. An experimental GaN-based 18-leg inverter driving a toroidally wound IM is used to validate the theory.
Post Human Craft: A Humble Attempt to Reorient Makers to the Inevitable

Nearing the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century many craftspeople and makers are waking up to the inevitable reality that our next human evolution may not be the same, that this time it could be different. Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum refers to what we are beginning to experience as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Schwab 2017, 01). Schwab and his colleagues believe that this revolution could be much more powerful and will occur in a shorter period than the preceding industrial and digital revolutions. This revolution will cause a profound change in how we practice, labour and orient ourselves in the world. Rapidly evolving technologies will proliferate the use of robotics and personalised robots (co-bots) that can sense our presence and safely work alongside us. Digital algorithms are already becoming more reliable predictors of complex questions in medicine and economics than their human counterparts. Therefore, the gap between what a computer can learn and solve and what a robot can do will quickly close in the craft traditions. This article will engage in the discourse of posthumanism and cybernetics and how these debates relate to craft and making. Intentionally this work is not a proud manifesto of positions, strategies, and guidelines required for greatness. Alternatively, it is a humble attempt to reorient makers to the necessary discourse required to navigate the inevitable changes they will face in their disciplines. Thus, the article seeks to transfer posthumanist literary understanding to intellectually position craft in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Organic Glass Scintillators

Organic Glass Scintillators (OGSs) have recently been reported as an exciting class of materials that exhibit noteworthy physical and scintillation characteristics. OGSs are based on a stable, amorphous, small-molecule host matrix that contains performance-enhancing additives such as wavelength shifters. This configuration provides a unique set of properties that combines attributes of single crystals, plastic scintillators, and liquid scintillators, respectively. Noteworthy OGS properties include scalable production via melt-casting, scintillation light yields and pulse-shape discrimination properties that are comparable to crystalline trans-stilbene, and isotropic optical and mechanical properties that are reminiscent of plastic scintillators. This chapter will describe OGS as a new class of organic scintillators and will review the molecular design considerations that can be utilized to meet the needs of existing and future radiation detection applications. These topics will be presented in the context of the energy transfer pathways and structure–property relationships discussed in detail in the preceding chapter (Chap. 7).
The impact of mannitol administration in pediatric DKA: A 22 year experience

Objective: To describe circumstances and outcomes associated with mannitol administration in children being treated for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Design: Retrospective chart review of consecutively admitted pediatric patients over a 22 year period (1988-2010). Setting: Data originate from three pediatric tertiary care centers where DKA was routinely treated during the study period with a physiologic approach to gradual rehydration, continuous IV insulin and intensive monitoring for symptomatic brain swelling. Mannitol was the drug of choice for suspected raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Patients: 941 consecutive patient episodes of moderate to severe DKA were reviewed for mannitol administration. Interventions: None Measurements and Main Results: Mannitol was administered during 76 of 941 episodes of DKA. Mannitol was successful 111 improving 01- reversing signs/symptoms of raised ICP 111 65% of mannitol recipients. No patient 111 this series suffered neurologic morbidity of mortality. Conclusions: Mannitol treatment for suspected raised ICP during treatment for DICA appears to be safe and beneficial to outcome when combined with careful rehydration, continuous insulin therapy, and cerebrovascular and biochemical monitoring.
The influence of sex and BMI on cartilage metabolism biomarkers in patients after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction

Context Serum biomarkers may allow for early identification of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. Homeostasis of matrix-metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and type II collagen turnover (C2C:CPII) biomarkers are believed to be compromised in individuals with ACL injury, yet the influence of sex, BMI, and age on these biomarkers before and after ACL reconstruction remains unknown. Objective To determine the relationship of sex, BMI, and age on serum levels of MMP-3 and C2C:CPII before and after ACL reconstruction. Design Descriptive Laboratory Study Setting: Laboratory. Patients 32 (18F,14M) ACL-injured subjects participated in this study. Main outcome measures Demographic variables and blood samples were collected prior to surgery and at the time of return to activity. Serum was extracted from the blood and assays were used to quantify MMP-3 and C2C:CPII. Generalized linear mixed-effects regression models were used to assess the relationship between sex, BMI, time, age, and subject on the outcome variables. Results A significant time-sex interaction was identified for MMP-3 levels (P=0.021), whereby MMP-3 levels were higher in males at return to activity (Males:2.71±0.59ng/mL; Females:1.92±0.60ng/mL; P=0.017). Males also had higher MMP-3 levels at return to activity when compared to pre-surgery levels (P=0.009). A main effect for age demonstrated that older age was associated with higher MMP-3 levels. No significant main or interaction effects were noted for C2C:CPII levels. Conclusions MMP-3 serum levels may be upregulated following ACL reconstruction, particularly in men, which may have deleterious consequences for the cartilage matrix. Sex, BMI, and time did not influence C2C:CPII ratios but further research with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
Impact of dexamethasone responsiveness on long-term outcome in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma

8603 Background: Steroids, primarily dexamethasone (Dex), remains an integral part of the therapy for myeloma. Prior to the advent of novel agents, Dex as a single agent was demonstrated to produce overall response rates of around 50%. The toxicity associated with pulsed high dose Dex has led to this approach being abandoned. This study investigates whether responsiveness to Dex correlates with biological qualities of the plasma cell clone that predicts outcome. Methods: We identified from our prospectively maintained database, patients with newly diagnosed myeloma, who were seen at Mayo Clinic within 30 days of diagnosis and were treated with single agent Dex. The M-protein measurements and responses were assessed using the IMWG criteria. Results: 182 patients seen between March 1998 and June 2007, initially treated with single agent Dex for at least 4 weeks, were included in the analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 63 (range; 39–81) and 59% were male. The actuarial median survival for the entire gr...
SynTiSe: A modified multi-regime MCMC approach for generation of wind power synthetic time series

The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is widely used for generation of synthetic wind power and wind speed time series, but its application for time resolutions of less than an hour often fails to replicate the autocorrelation (ACF) and probability density (PDF) functions of the original time series. This paper presents SynTiSe, an application software that allows fitting discrete-time, multi-regime MCMC models with percentile-based state space discretization. To illustrate its capabilities we use SynTiSe with a wind power dataset from ERCOT, and measure the quality of its simulations by comparing the ACF, the PDF, and the ramp characteristics of the input time series with those of the synthetic series. Results show that the 2nd order or higher multi-regime models with a percentile-based discretization of the state-space fitted by SynTiSe are a good alternative for the generation of synthetic time series of high resolution wind power data. These models improve the fit of the ACF, and greatly improve the representation of diurnal and seasonal patterns, while maintaining or slightly improving the fit of the PDF and ramp distribution. An executable package of SynTiSe for Windows platforms is publicly available.
Activation of the inducible orphan receptor gene nur77 by serum growth factors: dissociation of immediate-early and delayed-early responses.

Abstract We have characterized the genetic elements that mediate the transcriptional activation of nur77, a growth factor-inducible gene encoding a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Although initially identified as a serum-inducible immediate-early gene with expression kinetics similar to those of c-fos, we found that transcriptional activation of nur77 by serum growth factors in fibroblasts is in fact composed of two components: an immediate-early component, which can occur in the absence of de novo protein synthesis, and a delayed-early component, which is dependent on de novo protein synthesis. The expression of nur77 following serum stimulation reflects the superimposition of immediate-early and delayed-early expression. Immediate-early and delayed-early expression can be dissociated from one another by deletion or base substitution mutations of the nur77 promoter. Immediate-early expression of nur77 is mediated primarily by sequences located between nucleotides -86 and -126 upstream of the transcription start site. This region includes a sequence that resembles but differs from the CArG element found in other serum-inducible promoters. Upstream of the CArG-like element is a potential binding site for a transcription factor of the Ets family; the presence of this site is required for significant transcriptional induction. Delayed-early expression of nur77 is mediated by multiple AP-1-like and GC-rich elements, which can interact with products of immediate-early genes such as Fos/Jun and Zif268, respectively. Furthermore, we show that Zif268 can activate transcription of the nur77 promoter, suggesting that it may play a role in the delayed-early expression of nur77.
THE GENETICS OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN THE DROSOPHILA SIMULANS CLADE : X VS. AUTOSOMAL EFFECTS AND MALE VS. FEMALE EFFECTS

A strong effect of homozygous autosomal regions on reproductive isolation was found for crosses between the species in the Drosophila simulans clade. Second chromosome regions were introgressed from D. mauritiana and D. sechellia into D. simulans and tested for their homozygous effects on hybrid male and hybrid female sterility and inviability. Most introgressions are fertile as heterozygotes, yet produce sterile male offspring when made homozygous. The density of homozygous autosomal factors contributing to hybrid male sterility is comparable to the density of X chromosome factors for this level of resolution. Female sterility was also revealed, yet the disparity between male and female levels of sterility was great, with male sterility being up to 23 times greater than female sterility. Complete hybrid inviability was also associated with some regions of the second chromosome, yet there were no strong sex differences. In conclusion, we find no evidence to support a strong X chromosome bias in the evolution of hybrid sterility or inviability but do find a very strong sex bias in the evolution of hybrid sterility. In light of these findings, we reevaluate the current models proposed to explain the genetic pattern of reproductive isolation.
Polarization mode dispersion, decorrelation, and diffusion in optical fibers with randomly varying elliptical birefringence

In this paper, dependence of both the polarization decorrelation length and the diffusion length on the amount of ellipticity present in an optical fiber was described. A small elliptical birefringence in optical fibers yields the same differential group delay as in linearly birefringent fiber. However, ellipticity may affect the interaction of nonlinearity and polarization mode dispersion during propagation.
Thin film and surface characterization by specular X-ray reflectivity

Abstract We review the use of specular X-ray reflectivity (XRR) for the characterization of thin-film and surface structures. Specular X-ray scattering at small scattering vectors allows characterization of electron density profiles perpendicular to the surface on the length scale of 0.1 to 100 nm. This allows measurement of surface morphology, thin films, multilayer structures, and buried interfaces. The technique is nondestructive and can be applied in situ in a variety of processing environments. In the first half of the article, we review the theory and methods of XRR, including analysis of XRR spectra by a multilayer optical approach and a discussion of surface roughness measurements by XRR and other techniques. In the second half, we present a wide range of examples of XRR applications in thin-film structures, dynamic processes, liquid surfaces, and macromolecular structures.
Differences in the order of termination of DNA replication in human chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts from the same individual

A comparison of the sequence of terminal replication of DNA in human chromosomes has been made between skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same adult male individual. The chromosomes were identified by quinacrine-banding, and the order of termination of replication was determined by autoradiography. Chromosomes 4, 5, 8, and 13 were found to terminate DNA replication later in lymphocytes than in fibroblasts, whereas chromosomes 15, 19, 20, and 22 were found to terminate their replication earlier in lymphocytes than in fibroblasts.
Robust separation of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in micro-CT of mice

One of the common practices in obesity and diabetes studies is to measure the volumes and weights of various adipose tissues, among which, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) play critical yet different physiological roles in mouse aging. In this paper, a robust two-stage VAT/SAT separation framework for micro-CT mouse data is proposed. The first stage is to distinguish adipose from other tissue types, including background, soft tissue and bone, through a robust mixture of Gaussian model. Spatial recognition relevant to anatomical locations is carried out in the second step to determine whether the adipose is visceral or subcutaneous. We tackle this problem through a novel approach that relies on evolving the abdominal muscular wall to keep VAT/SAT separated. The VAT region of interest (ROI) is also automatically set up through an atlas based skeleton matching procedure. The results of our method are compared with VAT/SAT delineations by human experts, and a high classification accuracy is demonstrated on eight micro-CT mouse volume sets.
Structure changes during uniaxial deformation of ethylene-based semicrystalline ethylene-propylene copolymer. 1. SAXS study

In-situ structural changes at the lamellar level during uniaxial deformation and subsequent relaxation of a semicrystalline ethylene−propylene (EP) copolymer containing 78 wt % ethylene were studied by time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at room temperature (25 °C). During the initial stage of deformation, the long period was found to increase in the stretching direction and decrease in the transverse direction. In addition to the elastic change of the lamellar structure, further analysis suggested that there was an additional contribution of strain-induced “melting”, which began at a relatively low strain (about 10%) and was directionally dependent. At 75% strain, new crystals, possibly with extended-chain conformation and needlelike microvoids, started to form, which coexisted with the original crystals (dominated by folded-chain conformation). Because of the destruction of original crystals, the applied stress was found to decrease slightly after the yield point. Above 120% st...
Organic electrochemical mechanisms—II. Effects of tetra-n-alkylammonium ions on the polarographic reductions of organic depolarizers

Abstract The reduction potentials, E 1/2 , of ethyl cinnamate, ethyl crotonate, triphenylcyanopropylphosphonium bromide and cyclo-octatetraene have been determined polarographically in dimethylformamide solvent as a function of the size of the tetra- n -alkylammonium cation used as a supporting electrolyte. The electrocapillary curves for these salts in dimethylformamide have also been determined. Both anodic and cathodic shifts in E 1/2 were observed with increasing size of the cation of the electrolyte depending on the nature of the depolarizer. All of the depolarizers reduce on the cathodic side of the electrocapillary maxima. The data are interpreted on the basis of the energy required to remove a cation from the electrode surface and on the relative ability of the cation to stabilize the anions formed in electrolytic reductions.
Linear-response formulation for mesoscopic systems with arbitrary interactions

In this paper we derive a linear-response equation starting from the nonequilibrium Green-function formalism that can be used to calculate the current in mesoscopic systems described by arbitrary self-energy functions. Current conservation is ensured regardless of the approximation used for the self-energy. We also obtain explicit expressions for the transmission T${\mathrm{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}$ from terminal j to terminal i and present a simple illustrative example calculating T${\mathrm{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}$ for a short single-moded electron waveguide with electron-phonon interactions. An important difference between the present formulation and usual linear-response theory is that the electrochemical potential difference is treated as the driving force; however, we do not neglect the self-consistent fields that appear in an interacting system when a small bias is applied. This work generalizes our earlier results (which were derived for phonon scattering in the self-consistent Born approximation) to arbitrary interactions.
New wrinkle in the potential for heavy quarkonium.

Two new quark-antiquark potentials have recently been applied to heavy quarkonium. The new potentials have the feature that they are concave downward as a function of the interquark separation [ital R] except in a small interval at intermediate values of [ital R]. I comment on this new wrinkle'' in the potentials.
Hierarchy of Stable Morse Decompositions

We introduce an algorithm for construction of the Morse hierarchy, i.e., a hierarchy of Morse decompositions of a piecewise constant vector field on a surface driven by stability of the Morse sets with respect to perturbation of the vector field. Our approach builds upon earlier work on stable Morse decompositions, which can be used to obtain Morse sets of user-prescribed stability. More stable Morse decompositions are coarser, i.e., they consist of larger Morse sets. In this work, we develop an algorithm for tracking the growth of Morse sets and topological events (mergers) that they undergo as their stability is gradually increased. The resulting Morse hierarchy can be explored interactively. We provide examples demonstrating that it can provide a useful coarse overview of the vector field topology.
A Nomogram to Predict Seminal Vesicle Invasion by the Extent and Location of Cancer in Systematic Biopsy Results

ABSTRACTPurpose: We determined whether systematic biopsy results increases the accuracy of standard clinical information in predicting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI).Materials and Methods: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 763 patients with clinical stages T1c–T3 prostate cancer who were diagnosed by systematic biopsy and treated with radical prostatectomy. We recorded the location of each biopsy core and measured the length of cancer and total length of each core. Using logistic regression analysis we constructed and internally validated a nomogram to predict SVI.Results: A total of 60 patients (7.9%) had SVI. Cancer was present in a biopsy core from the base in 437 patients, of whom 12.8% had SVI compared with only 1.2% of the 326 without cancer at the base. None of the 275 patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) 10 ng/ml or less and no cancer at the base had SVI. On multivariate analysis serum PSA (p <0.0005), primary Gleason grade (p = 0.028) and percent cancer at the base (p <0.005) were th...
Sexual messages on television: Comparing findings from three studies

Television portrayals may contribute to the sexual socialization of children and adolescents, and therefore it is important to examine the patterns of sexual content presented on television. This report presents a summary view across three related studies of sexual messages on television. The content examined ranges from programs most popular with adolescents to a comprehensive, composite week sample of shows aired across the full range of broadcast and cable channels. The results across the three studies identify a number of consistent patterns in television's treatment of sexual content. Talk about sex and sexual behaviors are both found frequently across the television landscape, although talk about sex is more common. Most sexual behaviors tend to be precursory in nature (such as physical flirting and kissing), although intercourse is depicted or strongly implied in roughly one of every eight shows on television. Perhaps most importantly, the studies find that TV rarely presents messages about the ris...
Action of guanidine on the replication of poliovirus RNA

Abstract Guanidine (1.5m M ) inhibits viral RNA synthesis in cells that are actively producing virus. It was found that synthesis of viral RNA becomes progressively less inhibitable by guanidine after the fourth hour in the viral growth cycle when the rate of viral RNA synthesis diminishes. Guanidine added at 3 hours inhibited the synthesis of single-stranded RNA faster than synthesis of double-stranded RNA; however, 35 S single-stranded RNA was still the major RNA moiety formed. While there was a net reduction in the cumulative radioactivity of ribonuclease-resistant RNA in the replicative intermediate, there was an increase in the amount of radioactivity in the double-stranded replicative form after guanidine was added. These results indicate that guanidine does not inhibit growth and completion of viral RNA chains, but blocks the initiation of new chains.
New Technique for Synthesizing Concurrent Dual-Band Impedance-Matching Filtering Networks and ${\hbox{0.18-}}\mu{\hbox {m}}$ SiGe BiCMOS 25.5/37-GHz Concurrent Dual-Band Power Amplifier

New technique for synthesizing concurrent dual-band impedance-matching filtering networks is presented. The technique enables the design of concurrent dual-band impedance-matching filtering networks that provide not only simultaneous matching of two arbitrary loads to two arbitrary sources at two different frequencies, but also dual-bandpass filtering response capable of suppressing unwanted signals like the harmonics and inter-modulation products in nonlinear circuits, such as power amplifiers (PAs). A new 0.18-μm SiGe BiCMOS concurrent dual-band PA was designed based on the developed dual-band matching filtering technique around 25.5 and 37 GHz, which works in the concurrent dual-band mode (25.5 and 37 GHz), as well as single-band mode (25.5 or 37 GHz). The measured results show that, in the single-band mode, the dual-band PA exhibits gain of 21.4 and 17 dB, maximum output power of 16 and 13 dBm, and maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) of 10.6% and 4.9% at 25.5 and 37 GHz, respectively. In the dual-band mode, the maximum output power is 13 and 9.5 dBm at 25.5 and 37 GHz, respectively, and the total maximum PAE is 7.1%. The designed concurrent dual-band PA has a chip size of 1.3×0.68 mm2 and consumes a dc current of 120 mA from a 3-V supply voltage.
Engineering in genomics

This work addresses two principles that will be integral to the post-genomic or proteomic era (i.e., after sequencing). The first is that any analysis of data from or related to the Human Genome Project will need to be designed with high-throughput in mind. Just the sequence information will encompass some 3 billion nucleotides, and that does not include information about introns, exons, promoters, and many other features of interest. The volume of information that must be synthesized is even larger than the genome itself, and it is diverse in nature. It includes sequence, structural, functional, and localization information for each gene, and each of those constituents has its own levels of organization as well (e.g., functional information for a protein can be obtained at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels). Computational analysis must be able to handle all these data in a reasonable amount of time. The second principle, which has been alluded to here, is that analysis techniques must incorporate data from a variety of sources. Archiving and indexing of sequence data, for example, must include sequences from multiple organisms and from diseased and healthy states to be maximally useful. The other levels of information, including structure, function, and localization will need to be similarly organized.
Auricular heart sounds in auricular flutter

Abstract 1. 1. Two cases of auricular flutter in which audible auricular sounds were graphically recorded are added to the eight cases already reported. 2. 2. The cases presented were unusual in the following respects: 2.1. a. The exceptional loudness of the auricular sounds, which approached or exceeded the ventricular sounds in intensity, 2.2. b. The point of maximal intensity in the pulmonic and aortic auscultation points, respectively, 2.3. c. The presence of palpable and mechanically recordable impulses synchronous with the auricular sounds and the flutter waves in one case, 2.4. d. The intensification of the sounds by the intravenous injection of a digitalis glycoside in the other case, 2.5. e. Perfect synchrony with the flutter wave of the electrocardiogram except in the cycle immediately following ventricular systole, where there was a slight but significant delay in the appearance of the sound, 2.6. f. The clicking character of the sounds, 2.7. g. The occurrence of a loud auricular sound during ventricular systole. 3. 3. Two alternate explanations are offered for the sounds observed: The flutter contractions of the auricles may have been audible because of their unusual forcefulness, or an “auricular click” associated with pleuropericardial adhesions may have been present.
Lower urinary tract symptoms, obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

Purpose of reviewThe epidemic of obesity and concomitant metabolic syndrome is well documented. New evidence points to a connection between the components of metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Recent findingsMultiple studies have demonst
Crystallization and preliminary structural studies of neurotrophin‐3

Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) has been crystallized in 2 forms. Orthorhombic crystals, space group P2(1)2(1)2, diffracted to 2.8 A and have cell dimensions a = 39.1 A, b = 54.0 A, and c = 65.5 A. The second form is space group P4(3)2(1)2, with cell dimensions a = b = 67.1 A, and c = 107.9 A. The tetragonal crystals diffract to 2.8 A at room temperature and 2.5 A at -100 degrees C. The unit cell dimensions change significantly upon freezing, a = b = 66.1 A, and c = 102.8 A. Phases for the orthorhombic form were obtained by molecular replacement using nerve growth factor as the search model. A partially refined model of the NT-3 dimer (75% complete) was then oriented and positioned in the tetragonal cell.
Leukocyte adenosine deaminase phenotypes in acute leukemia.

Fourteen enzyme electrophoretic systems have been studied in the malignant cells of 20 patients with various types of acute leukemia. Although quantitative variations were frequently observed, no abnormal patterns were seen except with adenosine deaminase (ADA) in seven patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. In this type of leukemia, a slow moving band of ADA activity in addition to the normal pattern was observed. No patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and only one of the five with acute myeloblastic leukemia showed this pattern. It is suggested that electrophoresis of ADA in cells from patients with acute leukemia may be a useful adjunct to other currently available methods for the categorization of this disease.
The Impact of Tacit Knowledge on Purchasing Decisions

SUMMARY This research examines the use of tacit knowledge in making purchasing decisions. A model is developed which combines the use of both formal data and tacit knowledge in the decision-making process. A survey of 97 purchasing managers revealed that almost equal amounts of formal data and tacit knowledge were used in making buying decisions. The use of both types of information in decision making appears to be related to the concept of bounded rationality.
Soliton generation and multiple phases in dispersive shock and rarefaction wave interaction

Interactions of dispersive shock waves (DSWs) and rarefaction waves (RWs) associated with the Korteweg-de Vries equation are shown to exhibit multiphase dynamics and isolated solitons. There are six canonical cases: one is the interaction of two DSWs that exhibit a transient two-phase solution but evolve to a single-phase DSW for large time; two tend to a DSW with either a small amplitude wave train or a finite number of solitons, which can be determined analytically; two tend to a RW with either a small wave train or a finite number of solitons; finally, one tends to a pure RW.