cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding early goal-directed mobilization in the surgical intensive care unit

As the population ages and the mortality associated with critical illness is decreasing, there is a growing population of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors who frequently experience long-lasting impairments in physical, cognitive and mental health, commonly referred to as the “Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS)” (1). In particular, muscle weakness is common (2-4), and is associated with worse patient outcomes (5-8). Prolonged bedrest can contribute to such “ICU-acquired weakness” (9), and there is a growing body of literature demonstrating that early mobilization and physical rehabilitation in the ICU can improve muscle weakness, physical functioning, and quality of life in ICU survivors (10-14). There are very few studies (11) specifically evaluating early mobilization in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients. There are multiple perceived barriers to early mobilization and rehabilitation in the SICU, including concerns related to pain, wound dehiscence, dislodgement of drains and other medical devices, as well as limitations in staffing, time and resources (15). A new, international multi-centered randomized trial (16) evaluating the efficacy and safety of early mobilization and rehabilitation in SICU patients adds to the existing literature supporting this intervention in ICU patients.
Modbus monitoring for networked control systems of cyber-defensive architecture

Technological advancement of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and control systems automation over the past decade has brought greater interconnections of the control components. Increased interconnection provides end users with more information which facilitates improved system reliability. Modern control communication systems such as ModbusTCP are based on open standards that leverage Ethernet to allow interoperability between solutions from different vendors. The open standard and interoperability has made significant improvements to the operational aspect in networked control power systems by integrating control components hence allowing faster information exchange. The enhanced exchange of information has, as a side effect, created cyber security vulnerabilities such as entry points for hackers. This discusses a Raspberry Pi based ModbusTCP control system that enables simulation of cyberattacks, and proposes a mitigation measure by the added feature of Modbus monitoring a Snort based intrusion detection system for the networked control systems with cyberdefensive architecture. Experimental validation of the proposed approach is also discussed.
Brief interventions reduce alcohol consumption in men with drinking problems

Source Citation Kahan M, Wilson L, Becker L. Effectiveness of physician-based interventions with problem drinkers: a review. Can Med Assoc J. 1995 Mar 15;152:851-9.
Proteasome substrate capture and gate opening by the accessory factor PafE from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

In all domains of life, proteasomes are gated, chambered proteases that require opening by activators to facilitate protein degradation. Twelve proteasome accessory factor E (PafE) monomers assemble into a single dodecameric ring that promotes proteolysis required for the full virulence of the human bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Whereas the best characterized proteasome activators use ATP to deliver proteins into a proteasome, PafE does not require ATP. Here, to unravel the mechanism of PafE-mediated protein targeting and proteasome activation, we studied the interactions of PafE with native substrates, including a newly identified proteasome substrate, the ParA-like protein, Rv3213c, and with proteasome core particles. We characterized the function of a highly conserved feature in bacterial proteasome activator proteins: a glycine–glutamine–tyrosine–leucine (GQYL) motif at their C termini that is essential for stimulating proteolysis. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we found that the GQYL motif of PafE interacts with specific residues in the α subunits of the proteasome core particle to trigger gate opening and degradation. Finally, we also found that PafE rings have 40-A openings lined with hydrophobic residues that form a chamber for capturing substrates before they are degraded, suggesting PafE has a previously unrecognized chaperone activity. In summary, we have identified the interactions between PafE and the proteasome core particle that cause conformational changes leading to the opening of the proteasome gate and have uncovered a mechanism of PafE-mediated substrate degradation. Collectively, our results provide detailed insights into the mechanism of ATP-independent proteasome degradation in bacteria.
The Role of CD8 T Cells and Their Antigen Receptors in Psoriasis

Our knowledge of the pathogenesis and pathologic mechanisms involved in psoriasis has increased greatly over the past few years. Currently, 10 genetic susceptibility variants have been shown to pre...
Advances in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infections

As we move into the second decade of the global AIDS epidemic, the search for safe and effective therapies intensifies. Understanding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicative cycle and pathogenetic mechanisms has increased at a rapid pace, and with this increased understanding have come dozens of new therapeutic agents for evaluation. New and promising drugs and combinations of drugs have outstripped our ability to study them in a deliberate and thorough fashion, raising the possibility of new and radical approaches to the conduct of clinical trials.
Microcomputer Control of Thermal and Mechanical Systems

The designations “microprocessor” and “microcomputer” are sometimes used interchangeably, but at the outset we shall distinguish between them. We shall understand a microprocessor to be a single chip that performs various operations when provided with a program configured in a prescribed structure. The microcomputer combines the microprocessor with other components and circuitry, such as memories and input/output (I/O) devices. While it is true that there are chips now available that contain memories and I/O capabilities as well as the microprocessor, we shall maintain the distinction between the two terms.
Euclidean Jordan Algebras and Interior-point Algorithms

We provide an introduction to the theory of interior-point algorithms of optimization based on the theory of Euclidean Jordan algebras. A short-step path-following algorithm for the convex quadratic problem on the domain, obtained as the intersection of a symmetric cone with an affine subspace, is considered. Connections with the Linear monotone complementarity problem are discussed. Complexity estimates in terms of the rank of the corresponding Jordan algebra are obtained. Necessary results from the theory of Euclidean Jordan algebras are presented.
Index transformation techniques for facilitating creative use of multiple cases

Using cases to find innovative solutions to problems is mainly the result of two processes: (1) cross-contextual rem in dings, and (2) composition of multiple cases or case parts. Although the ability to use cases taken from across contextual boundaries is desirable, there is a tension between representing and accessing cases across contexts and in using parts of multiple cases to synthesize a solution. One way of alleviating this difficulty is through index transformation. In this paper, we represent two index transformation techniques that facilitate both cross-contextual remindings and the access of multiple appropriate case parts. The mechanisms are general and principled (based on a qualitative calculus). They are also behavior-preserving, a needed requirement for case synthesis in many domains of interest. The transformation techniques have been implemented in CADET, a case-based problem solver mat operates in the domain of mechanical design.
Time Independent Functional Training of Inter-joint Arm Coordination Using the ARMin III Robot

Task specific training is a cornerstone of stroke motor therapy and is thought to contribute to improvement of function in activities of daily living (ADLs). Abnormal synergies after stroke often make the training of proper inter-joint coordination during functional tasks difficult, since patients are inclined to utilize abnormal compensatory movement patterns. Effective inter-joint coordination training may be important for regaining functional use of the limb. We have developed a novel robotic method for retraining inter-joint coordination based on time independent joint based control. An integral component of this method is facilitation of proper patient interaction with the robot, which is essential to maximize gains. While robots can assist completion of movement, patient control of the movement is frequently minimal, leading to little or no effort by the patient during training. To increase patient engagement, we have incorporated feed-forward friction compensation to improve backdriveability, gravity compensation for both the robot and human arms, and a visual interface to improve patient interactions with the robot.
The Culture of Poverty: On Individual Choices and Infantilizing Bureaucracies

There is a contentious academic debate about the correlation between poverty and destructive social behaviors such as out-of-wedlock births, use of intoxicants, disregard for education, attitudes toward work, and even television viewing habits. This chapter will highlight some of the destructive individual behaviors that lead to a life of poverty on a microlevel. In addition, this chapter highlights some of the bureaucratic influences that perpetuate macro-systems that maintain enclaves of poverty, by making it difficult for the poor to make more constructive decisions that would alleviate their poverty. This research is not an attempt to malign the poor or to pompously critique those habits that contribute to generational poverty. Instead, this chapter looks to honestly assess these habits and their outcomes truthfully and dispassionately. Research indicates that poverty and cultural behaviors are intrinsically linked. Therefore, to address poverty, one must address these aspects of culture.
Operationalized Intent for Communication in Human-Agent Teams

As artificial intelligent agents are employed to increase the cognitive capability of systems leveraged by human machine teams, intra-team communication presents a significant challenge. To address this challenge, we propose an intelligent agent for the express purpose of maintaining a computational representation of human intent for the multi-agent environment. This computational representation, referred to as operationalized intent, seeks to provide a designed shared mental model that can be leveraged by the humans and agents as a shared semantic space. Following the example of high performing human teams, the shared mental model is explicitly trained to both the human operators and the intelligent agents. The model of intent is represented by a hierarchy of goal statements and a summary of constraints. The model is extended by estimating future states of the intent model as part of planning activities. This projection of intent allows the intelligent agents to understand what is important to the human operator now and in the near future. This enhanced context could be used by intelligent agent designers to impart greater responsiveness and anticipatory behavior into a multiple intelligent agent environment, ideally without increasing the human’s workload. The system level implications of enhanced context are laid out in the intent architecture pattern as an aid to system designers. Finally, operationalized intent proposes a direct evaluation method to assess the agent’s interpretation of the human’s intent to evolve the design.
A Computationally Assisted Ar I Emission Line Ratio Technique to Infer Electron Energy Distribution and Determine Other Plasma Parameters in Pulsed Low-Temperature Plasma

In the post-transient stage of a 1-Torr pulsed argon discharge, a computationally assisted diagnostic technique is demonstrated for either inferring the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) if the metastable-atom density is known (i.e., measured) or quantitatively determining the metastable-atom density if the EEDF is known. This technique, which can be extended to be applicable to the initial and transient stages of the discharge, is based on the sensitivity of both emission line ratio values to metastable-atom density, on the EEDF, and on correlating the measurements of metastable-atom density, electron density, reduced electric field, and the ratio of emission line pairs (420.1–419.8 nm or 420.1–425.9 nm) for a given expression of the EEDF, as evidenced by the quantitative agreement between the observed emission line ratio and the predicted emission line ratio. Temporal measurement of electron density, metastable-atom density, and reduced electric field are then used to infer the transient behavior of the excitation rates describing electron-atom collision-induced excitation in the pulsed positive column. The changing nature of the EEDF, as it starts off being Druyvesteyn and becomes more Maxwellian later with the increasing electron density, is key to interpreting the correlation and explaining the temporal behavior of the emission line ratio in all stages of the discharge. Similar inferences of electron density and reduced electric field based on readily available diagnostic signatures may also be afforded by this model.
International Business: Geographic Aspects

This article provides an overview of the evolution of understanding multinational enterprise (MNE) activities. Between World War II and the late 1990s, there was a major focus on understanding foreign direct investment (FDI) by MNEs. In the past 20 years, recognition of commodity chains, value chains, and production networks at the global scale has prompted researchers to develop new frameworks to incorporate the complexity of MNE operations spanning many countries and industries. This article explicitly recognizes geography as a key factor (e.g., location determinants, local impact, role of policy).
Development and implementation of an empirical habitat change model and decision support tool for estuarine ecosystems

Abstract Widespread land use change in coastal ecosystems has led to a decline in the amount of habitat available for fish and wildlife, lower production of ecosystem goods and services, and loss of recreational and aesthetic value. This has prompted global efforts to restore the natural hydrologic regimes of developed shorelines, especially resource-rich estuaries, but the resilience of these restored ecosystems in the face of accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) remains uncertain. We implemented a Mo nitoring-based S imulation of A ccretion i n C oastal E s tuaries (MOSAICS) in R statistical software to address uncertainty in the resilience of modified estuarine habitats, using the Nisqually River Delta in the Pacific Northwest USA as a case study. MOSAICS is a spatially explicit model with a numerical foundation that uses empirical monitoring datasets to forecast habitat change in response to rising tidal levels. Because it accounts for the crucial ecomorphodynamic feedbacks between tidal inundation, vegetative growth, and sediment accretion, MOSAICS can be used to determine whether alternative management scenarios, such as enhanced sediment inputs, will bolster estuarine resilience to SLR. Under moderate SLR (0.62 m), the model predicted that a two-fold increase in mean daily suspended sediment during the rainy season was sufficient to maintain Nisqually’s emergent marshes through 2100, but under high SLR (1.35 m) MOSAICS indicated that greater sediment additions would be necessary to prevent submergence. A comparison between a restored marsh with subsided and high-elevation areas and a relict marsh demonstrated that the subsided restoration area was highly susceptible to SLR. Findings from the MOSAICS model highlight the importance of a site’s initial elevation, capacity for producing above and belowground biomass, and suspended sediment availability when considering management actions in estuaries and other coastal ecosystems.
Negotiating Shame, Silence, Abstinence, and Period Sex: Women’s Shift from Harmful Memorable Messages about Reproductive and Sexual Health

Early messages about reproductive and sexual health influence personal identities, health behaviors, and ongoing perceptions of sex and sexuality. Women are often socialized with negatively-valence...
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with Acute Nephritis, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody- (ANCA-) Associated Vasculitis, and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): A Rare Case Report with Literature Review.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially fatal disorder that requires urgent identification and treatment. The association of TTP with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and vasculitis has been reported, however, never simultaneously. A 33-year-old woman with a history of SLE presented with acute abdominal pain, fever, arthralgias, and skin rash. She had acute severe hypertension, diffuse abdominal tenderness, and petechial rash. Diagnostic work-up revealed active urine sediment with proteinuria and hematuria and elevated creatinine, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. She was diagnosed with acute lupus nephritis and early microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in the setting of hypertensive urgency and started on intravenous methylprednisolone 500 mg once a day. Within 48 hours, she developed shock with multiorgan dysfunction and succumbed to her illness. Laboratory tests later showed ADAMTS13 activity less than 10% consistent with TTP and p-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity. Autopsy revealed small-vessel vasculitis of the visceral organs. Kidney biopsy demonstrated diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. This case illustrates the occurrence of SLE nephritis, p-ANCA vasculitis, and severe TTP with rapidly fatal course, and the importance of having a low threshold for initiating plasma exchange therapy. Here, we discuss the case and provide a literature review on cases of TTP with SLE and vasculitis.
Physics of the implosion up until the time of ignition in a revolver (triple-shell) capsule

A revolver is designed to have two dynamical fuel implosion stages to reach ignition: a shock phase in which the fuel is pre-heated up until the shock collapses at the capsule center, followed by an adiabatic compression phase to ignition. This picture assumes ideal hydrodynamics. Employing the state-of-the-art, hybrid (kinetic-ion/fluid electron), multi-ion Vlasov-Fokker-Planck code, iFP, along with semi-analytic predictions from ideal hydrodynamics in spherical geometry, we confirm this two phase picture—resolving some outstanding questions in Revolver design along the way. Although we find that shock kinetic effects and non-ideality are present in the course of the implosion, these effects do not change the overall dynamics (which is well described by ideal hydrodynamics theory). Additionally, we put the assumption of adiabaticity, for the post-collapse phase, to the test. Finally, we verify the ideal hydro-conjecture that the shock collapse (fuel) convergence is ∼ 2.12 given a single shock, and we confirm that the convergence is about 2.5 in the case of two shocks—in agreement with previous radiation-hydrodynamics simulations.
International Communication in the field of Cardiovascular Surgery

In the recent decade medicine developed far beyond people's mind, as transcutaneous aortic valve replacement(TAVR), Mitraclip et al. As recent development of information technology has changed to real time information system in the world, international communication in the field of cardiovascular surgery has also changed to become large in volume, rapid in time and frequent and convenient in use. The Asian Society for Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery(ASCVTS) which has a major role of international communication in the field cardiovascular surgery in Japan, has developed to become one of the major international academic society. An attendance of the annual meeting is over 1,500 from 50 countries. Postgraduate Course supported by America Association for Thoracic Surgery started at Singapore in 2008 and expanded to 3 areas at Kobe in 2013. Relationship to the major western society became gradually stronger as assumption of the international council in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons(STS) and European Association For Cardio-Thoracic Surgery(EACTS). We, Japanese should recognize our duty for the world that includes acceptance of young surgeons from Asia to Japan for clinical training especially in cardiovascular surgery in which Japan has excellent outcomes in clinical database.
The Power of Social Media in Fashion Advertising

In today’s digital era, as people increasingly spend their time online, social media has become a trendsetter for society. Social media platforms are now the primary source of information for consu...
The Rational Inescapability of Philosophizing

Rarely do substantive contentions within philosophy admit of decisive and categorical demonstration. But there is one contention about philosophy that plainly does so, namely the thesis that there is no rational way to avoid philosophizing itself.
Detecting Abnormalities on Displays of Patient Information

This project tested a new physiological information display that aims to improve a clinician’s ability to detect vital sign abnormalities before those abnormalities trigger an alarm. The configural display integrates information about heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation into a visual representation of the patient’s current state relative to alarm and “pre-alarm” thresholds. Eight participants were asked to monitor patient displays for six different types of emergency events under three display configurations (numerical, configural, and both) and two levels of cognitive load. The numerical display showed color-coded numerical values of each of the three patient parameters. Emergency events involved abnormal values of heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation that occurred approximately every thirty seconds during six ten-minute patient monitoring blocks. Cognitive load was manipulated using an N-back task with two levels (N = 1 and N = 2). Emergency event detection was faster when both the configural display and numerical display were present than when only the numerical display was present. Furthermore, a combined display showing both the numerical and configural information required the fewest number of alarms to facilitate correct detection of emergency events. In addition, reaction times to emergency events were slower in the high cognitive load condition than in the low cognitive load condition. These results suggest that the combination of numerical and configural displays has the potential to reduce the number of threshold alarms and reduce the time it takes clinicians to respond to emergency events.
Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapy: A Case Report

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell treatment is a rapidly emerging therapy for relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. Although cytokine release syndrome is a common complication, a concomitant development of biopsy-proven collapsing glomerulopathy and acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been described with CAR-T cell therapy. We report a man in his early 20s with relapsed/refractory pre–B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and compensated liver cirrhosis who received 3 courses of CD19-directed CAR-T cells. After the third CAR-T cell therapy, he developed severe cytokine release syndrome accompanied by new onset of nephrotic syndrome and AKI. Cytokine release syndrome was treated with tocilizumab. His kidney biopsy showed collapsing glomerulopathy, glomerulitis, and interstitial nephritis along with complete podocyte foot-process effacement. Due to disease progression, he was subsequently treated with bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T-cell engager antibody, blinatumomab, during which he developed another episode of cytokine release syndrome with exacerbation of nephrotic-range proteinuria and his AKI progressed to stage 3 chronic kidney disease. Excess cytokine-induced podocyte and renal tubulointerstitial injury and/or "on-target off-tumor" direct renal cell toxicity are the probable mechanisms of kidney injury. Further such reports will increase our understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of kidney injury with CAR-T treatment.
A Review of Medicolegal Investigation of Death (Second Edition)

The second edition of Medicolegal Investigation of Death will continue to provide the forensic scientist, the attorney, and the law enforcement officer with a basic practical textbook for the application of pathology to crime investigation. The text retains its comprehensive nature without being too technical yet includes the obviously technical materials including up-to-date references. The original list of 14 authors has been expanded to 16 to include new developments in death investigation.
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Pyrophosphorylase in Dictyostelium discoideum STABILITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL FATE

Abstract The conditions for stabilization of the enzyme uridine disphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase in crude extracts of Dictyostelium discoideum have been characterized. The dramatic increase in the activity of this enzyme during development, observed previously and confirmed here, is shown to be real and not due to differential instability in extracts from early and late developmental stages, as had been previously suggested by some workers. The enzyme appears to be pleomorphic with respect to sucrose density sedimentation. Two varieties, distinguished by this property and also differing with respect to stability, both increase 8- to 10-fold in activity during development. Such multiple forms may serve to regulate the flow of UDP-glucose into competing biosynthetic pathways during the developmental cycle.
Thermoelastic analysis of GaAs in LEC growth configuration: IV. effectiveness of top assembly and bottom heaters in control of stresses in low pressure systems

Abstract The effectiveness of auxiliary heaters in controlling thermal stresses during LEC growth of GaAs is numerically investigated. Results indicate that the effectiveness of top-heater assemblies in reduction of thermal gradients in the growth system is primarily limited by the associated adverse effect on the interface morphology. Bottom heaters are found to be very effective in controlling the growth interface morphology and stresses close to that region.
Response of rat liver glutaminase to pH, ammonium, and citrate. Possible regulatory role of glutaminase in ureagenesis.

Abstract Liver glutaminase is stimulated by an increase in NH4+ concentration and NH4+ is an absolute requirement for activity at approximate physiological concentrations of phosphate and glutamine. Increases in the concentration of NH4+ cannot, however, overcome the inhibitory effect of a decrease in pH. In addition, the concentration of NH4+ required for half-maximal rate decreases as pH increases. This decrease is the result of two factors: a direct effect of pH on the apparent affinity of the enzyme for NH4+, and an indirect effect of pH brought about by an increase in the apparent affinity of the enzyme for phosphate which results in a further decrease in the M0.5 for NH4+. In addition, liver glutaminase responds strongly to the concentration of citrate over a physiologically relevant range at approximate physiological concentrations of NH4+, phosphate, and glutamine. An increase in citrate concentration stimulates glutaminase by increasing the affinity of the enzyme for glutamine. The apparent affinity of the enzyme for citrate increases as pH increases. The strong response of liver glutaminase to pH, NH4+, and citrate and the fact that the hydrolysis of glutamine can supply metabolites and effectors for urea synthesis suggest a possible regulatory role of glutaminase in ureagenesis.
Near Infrared Light-Dependent Nitric Oxide Effect on Mitochondrial Respiration

Reperfusion of a previously ischemic myocardium is a critical life-saving intervention against tissue necrosis, but reperfusion itself also results in significant damage to myocardium. Many therapeutic strategies such as ischemic and volatile anesthetic pre- and postconditioning have been suggested but few have translated effectively to humans. Near infrared and far red light (NIR) has been demonstrated to protect the myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. The beneficial effect of NIR is mediated in part by an increase in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Under hypoxic conditions, heme-containing proteins such as myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) exhibit nitrite reductase activity which results in an increase in NO bound to Mb and Hb. NIR treatment is thought to cause a photolysis of MbNO and HbNO which results in an increase in active NO when applied at the time of reperfusion. We hypothesize that NIR-enhanced NO during reperfusion modulates mitochondrial bioenergetics by interaction with the electron transport chain and thereby may induce cardioprotection. Isolated mitochondria were incubated with substrate and ADP in an air tight chamber. Oxygen consumption of mitochondria created a hypoxic environment, simulating conditions of ischemic myocardium. Deoxymyoglobin and nitrite were added to the reaction chamber during the hypoxic period and then reoxygenation was performed in the presence and absence of NIR (670 nm, 50 mW/cm2). A faster reoxygenation of the chamber, corresponding to an inhibiton of mitochondrial respiration was observed when the reaction was exposed to NIR during hypoxia and throughout reoxygenation. This mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by NIR may decrease reactive oxygen species during reoxygenation and thereby lead to increased cell viability. Interestingly, in a diabetic mouse model (db/db) were ischemic or anesthetic postconditioning fail to protect the myocardium against IR injury, NIR treatment decreased infarct size.
Spectral hole burning properties of rotationally localized CN- deffects in cesium halides

Persistent spectral hole and antihole burning has been used to study the homogeneous linewidth and dynamical behavior of rotationally aligned CN- defects in cesium halides. Rotational alignment occurs by statistically associating the CN- defect to a neighboring K+ or Rb+ impurity. The resulting defect pair produces sharp background-free stretching absorption lines v1 and v2 near 2000 cm-1, corresponding to two possible orientations of the CN- electric dipole moment with respect to the neighboring alkaline-ion impurity. Measurements were performed on the v1 and v2 2nd harmonic transitions near 4000 cm-1 using a single-mode tunable color center laser. Burning polarized persistent holes into the v2 line produces equally polarized antiholes in the v1 line and vice versa, indicating that 180° CN- reorientations among the 〈111〉 pair axes are optically induced. At T<40 K, each configuration is stable due to a high rotational barrier and can be fully populated. Thermal hole refilling occurs with a sharp temperature dependence near 40 K. For dilute CN-:K+ defects in CsCl minimum homogeneous linewidths of ≈10 MHz were measured, corresponding to a dephasing time T2≈15 ns. Since the radiative lifetime T1 is in the millisecond range, fast dephasing processes are thus dominating the homogeneous broadening.
Acquired FV inhibitors: a needless iatrogenic complication of bovine thrombin exposure.

BACKGROUND: FV inhibitors are a largely preventable iatrogenic coagulopathy in which the frequency is increasing in clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three cases associated with our institution are reported. A systematic review of the MEDLINE database was performed, and reference lists were reviewed to identify relevant publications. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-six cases of FV inhibitors have been reported in the world's literature. Eighty-seven have been reported in the last decade, of which two thirds are due to exposure to bovine thrombin. Bovine thrombin-associated FV antibodies develop in 40 to 66 percent of cardiac surgery patients and in 20 percent of neurosurgery patients. Thirty-three percent of reported patients developed bleeding complications. Inhibitors persisted on average 2.3 months. Standard coagulation assays do not reliably predict clinical manifestations. Multimodality therapy, including immunosuppression, is useful for treatment of symptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: FV inhibitors are a common complication of bovine thrombin exposure that can have devastating clinical consequences. Transfusion medicine specialists and hematologists can play a critical role in reducing the incidence of FV inhibitors by educating the medical community about safer alternative fibrin sealants.
NGC 2264 IRS: Evidence for Triggered Star Formation

As part of its commissioning process the Near-Infrared Camera and Multiobject Spectrometer (NICMOS) obtained images of the infrared source NGC 2264 IRS, also known as Allen's source, in three colors . In addition to the completely overexposed image of IRS there are six point objects, never previously observed, at projected separations of 26 to 49 from IRS. These sources are interpreted as near solar mass, pre-main-sequence stars that may be the result of triggered star formation. Regardless of the star formation method, it appears certain that this group of stars is a coeval formation of various mass stars. This makes it a very valuable data set for the study of pre-main-sequence evolution.
Solution of the Quota Problem by a Successive-Reduction Method

This paper gives a description and illustrations of a general method of solution of the so-called “quota problem” in personnel assignment. The introduction gives a formulation of the problem and an outline of the method of solution. In the following section, general solutions and illustrations are given for the cases of two and three job categories. An illustration for the case of five job categories is given in the concluding section. The quota problem is treated in reference 3, pp 28-35, and reference 4, pp 15-17. The results in this paper are extensions of results in those references. The problem is similar to a special case of the personnel classification problem, reference 5, and similar to a special case of the transportation problem, reference 1, pp 281-298, and reference 2.
The Use of Geospatial Technologies Instruction Within a Student/Teacher/Scientist Partnership: Increasing Students' Geospatial Skills and Atmospheric Concept Knowledge

ABSTRACT Many 21st century careers rely on geospatial skills; yet, curricula and professional development lag behind in incorporating these skills. As a result, many teachers have limited experience or preparation for teaching geospatial skills. One strategy for overcoming such problems is the creation of a student/teacher/scientist (STS) partnership within schools. This study investigated the extent to which the use of geospatial technologies (GST) within a STS partnership improved the geospatial skills and atmospheric science concept knowledge of high school and junior high school students who were primarily from high-needs schools. During the course of a 5 d summer institute, scientists who use GST in their research taught teachers how to use the geospatial technologies of remote sensing, geographic information systems, and global positioning systems. This phase was followed by instruction in standards-based activities, taught by a master teacher, which participating teachers could use to integrate GST...
The cornerstones and directions of pediatric burn care

Active basic-science investigations and directed clinical research have resulted in effective therapies for improving the outcomes of burned children. Major areas of inquiry have been in resuscitation, hypermetabolism, wound coverage, and inhalation injury, all of which have yielded fruitful results. Probably the most important advance has been the widespread use of early excision and grafting, which has changed the pathophysiology of burn injury. Further advances in the fields of metabolism, wound healing, and respiratory medicine may improve results even further, particularily in functional and cosmetic outcomes.
EMISSION OF ALPHA PARTICLES FROM NUCLEI HAVING LARGE ANGULAR MOMENTA.

The statistical theory of nuclear de-excitation predicts $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle energy spectra having important features that were missed in earlier, less complete calculations. To a good approximation, the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ spectrum is composed of three qualitatively different subspectra. For ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{156*}$ compound nuclei formed by ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{140}$+${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ at 90 MeV (lab), these subspectra have their respective maxima at 17, 12, and 7.5 MeV. The 7.5-MeV subspectrum should be resolvable into a group of sharp lines. The crucial roles of the lowest excited state at every angular momentum (the yrast levels), and of the competition with neutron and with dipole and quadrupole $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray emission, are stressed. Simple formulas are derived for estimating the energies at the maxima of the two lowest-energy subspectra. Since the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle subspectra are predictions of the most widely used version of the statistical model of nuclear de-excitation, a failure to observe them would be important. If they are observed, the experimental data should provide information about several nuclear properties heretofore inaccessible.
Strategies for growth: Intervention in a church

Abstract This article is a case study of a small, local congregation, and reports the results of an intervention aimed at evaluation and change of existing organizational strategy. It presents both a summary of one applicable business model, and the techniques and procedures employed in assisting both the general membership and church leaders in self-evaluation and long-range planning. The intervention resulted in increased awareness of organizational problems and needs, and provided a basis for future choices involving pastoral leadership, programme development and institutional needs. The events occured while the author served as temporary, interim pastor during 1980 and 1981.
Anal sphincter integrity and function influences outcome in rectovaginal fistula repair

PURPOSE: Traumatic sphincter disruption frequently is associated with a rectovaginal fistula, but the effect of a persistent sphincter defect on the outcome of rectovaginal fistula repair is poorly documented. We analyzed the outcome of rectovaginal fistula repairs based on preoperative sphincter status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified 52 women who underwent 62 repairs of simple obstetrical rectovaginal fistulas between 1992 and 1995. Fourteen patients (27 percent) had preoperative endoanal ultrasound studies and 25 (48 percent) had anal manometry studies. Follow-up was by mailed questionnaire in 36 patients (69 percent) and by telephone interview in 12 (23 percent), for a total response rate of 92 percent. Median age was 30.5 (range, 18–70) years, and median follow-up was 15 (range, 0.5–123) months. Twenty-five patients (48 percent) complained of varying degrees of fecal incontinence before surgery. There were 27 endorectal advancement flaps and 35 sphincteroplasties (28 with and 8 without levatoroplasty). RESULTS: Success rates were 41 percent with endorectal advancement flaps and 80 percent with sphincteroplasties (96 percent success with and 33 percent without levatoroplasty;P=0.0001). Endorectal advancement flap was successful in 50 percent of patients with normal sphincter function but in only 33 percent of patients with abnormal sphincter function(P=not significant). For sphincteroplasties, success rates were 73vs. 84 percent for normal and abnormal sphincter function, respectively (P=not significant). Results were better after sphincteroplastiesvs. endorectal advancement flaps in patients with sphincter defects identified by endoanal ultrasound (88vs. 33 percent;P=not significant) and by manometry (86vs. 33 percent;P = not significant). Poor results correlated with prior surgery in patients undergoing endorectal advancement flaps (45 percentvs. 25 percent;P = not significant) but not sphincteroplasties (80vs. 75 percent;P = not significant). CONCLUSIONS: All patients with rectovaginal fistula should undergo preoperative evaluation for occult sphincter defects by endoanal ultrasound or anal manometry or both procedures. Local tissues are inadequate for endorectal advancement flap repairs in patients with sphincter defects and a history of previous repairs. Patients with clinical or anatomic sphincter defects should be treated by sphincteroplasty with levatoroplasty.
The vocal joystick: evaluation of voice-based cursor control techniques

Mouse control has become a crucial aspect of many modern day computer interactions. This poses a challenge for individuals with motor impairments or those whose use of hands are restricted due to situational constraints. We present a system called the Vocal Joystick which allows the user to continuously control the mouse cursor by varying vocal parameters such as vowel quality, loudness and pitch. A survey of existing cursor control methods is presented to highlight the key characteristics of the Vocal Joystick. Evaluations were conducted to characterize expert performance capability of the Vocal Joystick, and to compare novice user performance and preference for the Vocal Joystick and two other existing speech based cursor control methods. Our results show that Fitts' law is a good predictor of the speedaccuracy tradeoff for the Vocal Joystick, and suggests that the optimal performance of the Vocal Joystick may be comparable to that of a conventional hand-operated joystick. Novice user evaluations show that the Vocal Joystick can be used by people without extensive training, and that it presents a viable alternative to existing speech-based cursor control methods.
The structural and magnetic characterization of μ-hydroxobis[pentaamminechromium(III)] chloride monohydrate, the acid rhodo complex

Abstract The structure of hydroxo-bridged μ-hydroxobis [pentaamminechromium(III)] chloride monohydrate has been redetermined and the CrO Cr angle found to be 166(1)° The temperature variation of the magnetic susceptibility may be explained in terms of an exchange hamiltonian with or without a biquadratic exchange term.
Defining Equity: Multiple Perspectives to Analyzing the Performance of Diverse Learners.

Defining equity within the context of a diverse, multiracial, multiethnic, multilingual, and multicultural society, and one where social class strongly influences one's life chances is problematic. This chapter reexamines equity in an attempt to advance the discourse beyond the debate about strategies to close the achievement gap between White students and students of color. I situated the issue of equity within an analysis of broader social forces that cultivate inequality throughout society in employment, housing, criminal justice, and so forth so that educational inequality is part and parcel of overarching social ills. The notion of equity will be unpacked by asking a more basic and fundamental question about the ultimate purpose of education. If we assume the end game of education is producing student learning, then we should ask whether learning outcomes are distributed randomly across race, ethnicity, and social class. Moreover, I will explore whether No Child Left Behind (NCLB)-like assessments or high-stakes tests measure real learning necessary for social and economic success, or do they measure something else. The role of increased accountability via state-based systems as an approach to obtaining equity is hotly debated. Although advocates are many, several studies have found the consequences of high-stakes testing, which are nonobvious and perhaps unintended, have not helped advance the nation toward equitable schooling. The pursuit of educational equity has long been a goal of reform efforts in the United States. Yet creating a system of education where all children have equal access to quality instruction and widely available opportunities to learn to their fullest human potential has been elusive. More than half a century ago, the Brown v. Board of Education decision settled persistent concerns about the degree to which access to quality schooling was based on race (Ball, 2006; Ball & Samy, 2006; Gutierrez
An Evolutionary Approach To the Study of Interstate Rivalry

Recent research on interstate conflict and rivalry has shown that most conflict occurs between long-time rival countries, and has used enduring rivalries to test propositions on arms races, deterre...
Population isolates: their special value for locating genes for bipolar disorder

Objectives: Population isolates offer several advantages for those hoping to identify predisposition genes for bipolar disorder (BP). In this review article, the rationale for performing gene mapping studies in this type of population and the results of genetic mapping studies performed to date in population isolates are presented. Methods: This article begins with a brief review of the concepts involved in mapping genes for BP. The concept of populations that show some degree of historical isolation and their special utility for certain types of gene mapping is presented. Methods of statistical analysis particularly relevant for gene mapping of complex diseases like BP are presented. Finally, several BP gene studies conducted to date in several population isolates are reviewed. Results: Genetic mapping studies of BP have occurred thus far in several isolates or sub-isolates, including the Amish population, Costa Ricans, Finnish, and Canadians (in Quebec), and significant linkage scores have been identified in the latter three isolates. Conclusions: Possible greater homogeneity and greater consistency of diagnosis are factors that have been cited in several studies of BP done in isolates to date. Another special advantage of working in certain types of population isolate is their appropriateness for using certain types of association or linkage disequilibrium-based approaches at both the genome screening and fine mapping stages. These tests include mapping by linkage disequilibrium analyses, an approach that allows mapping to occur at the population, rather than the pedigree, level.
A histochemical study of the effect of impaired thyroid function and replacement therapy on the mouse submandibular gland

Abstract A salivary gland-endocrine gland interrelationship has been well established. The purpose of this study was to characterize structural and histochemical variations in the submandibular gland of the Swiss mouse as a result of impaired thyroid function and replacement therapy. In addition to morphologic stains, tryptophan, tyrosine and SH groups were demonstrated histochemically. Alcian blue, PAS, and toluidine blue staining were also employed. Alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated by means of the Gomori and diazo coupling procedures. Sexual dimorphism, not evident in 14-week-old animals, was evident at 18 weeks. Toluidine blue reactivity decreased with age. With the exception of tryptophan and tyrosine, all other moieties were insensitive to the hormonal alterations. Both tryptophan and tyrosine reactivity increased when thyroxine was administered. Staining differences according to sex were noted after tryptophan, tyrosine, and alkaline phosphatase (diazo method) was demonstrated.
Angiotensin receptor blockers on the formularies of Medicare drug plans.

Background The presence of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on the formularies of Medicare Part D prescription drug plans (PDPs) is vitally important to the health of seniors who cannot tolerate angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.