cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late Holocene erosional shoreface retreat within a silicilastic-to-carbonate transition zone, east central Florida, USA

ABSTRACT This study has reconstructed the late Holocene evolution of a section of the North American Atlantic coast barrier-island system in a siliciclastic-to-carbonate transition zone. A transgressive stratigraphy, analogous to that recognized beneath the siliciclastic barriers of the embayed Atlantic and Gulf coasts, was identified in the study area and generated by erosional shoreface retreat of the barrier island during Holocene sea-level rise. Vibracores from the backbarrier revealed the preservation of a thin (< 3.5 m) Holocene sediment succession consisting of muddy skeletal sand overlain by intercalations of clean skeletal sand and muddy skeletal sand capped by fibrous peat. In the foreshore, the fibrous peat is compressed and abruptly overlain by coarse shell hash grading upward into skeletal sand. The entire Holocene section rests unconformably upon a thin (< 0.25 m) quartz sand and featureless, gently seaward-dipping Pleistocene limestone surface. Sedimentologic, paleontologic, stratigraphic, and radiocarbon data suggest that this sequence is transgressive and was generated during erosional shoreface retreat of a wave-dominated, microtidal barrier-island system. The basal, muddy skeletal sand is interpreted to have been deposited in a shallow (3 m) backbarrier lagoon. These sediments were buried during overwash events that transported skeletal sand across the barrier and into the lagoon. Repeated overwash generated a shallowing-upward sequence capped by organic-rich tidal-wetland sediment. Radiocarbon dates suggest that wetland sedimentation started between 1200 and 1960 yr B.P. Landward retreat of the barrier is indicated by the foreshore unconformity (ravinement surface) that now truncates the fibrous peat. The preservation potential of the entire Holocene paralic section is probably low, given the lack of significant antecedent topographic relief and relatively slow rate of sea-level rise. The preservation potential should increase seaward, however, because the older paralic environments would have been subjected to faster sea-level rise.
The role of protein dynamics in thymidylate synthase catalysis : Variants of conserved 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (dUMP)-binding tyr-261

The enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes the reductive methylation of 2‘-deoxyuridine 5‘-monophosphate (dUMP) to 2‘-deoxythymidine 5‘-monophosphate. Using kinetic and X-ray crystallography ex...
The Role of the Brune Spectrum in Earthquake Engineering

The concept of response spectrum was proposed by Biot in 1932 for analysis and design of earthquake-resistant structures. It remained in the academic sphere of research for almost 40 years, finally gaining wide engineering acceptance during the early 1970's. Success in recording large number of excellent accelerograms during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, and publication of Brune [18] paper marked the beginning of the modern era for the Response Spectrum Method (RSM). This paper outlines the ideas which helped develop the modern RSM and describes the role Brune's Spectrum played in this process.
An Exploratory Empirical Investigation of the Effects of Total Quality Management on Corporate Performance

This article explores the impact of the adoption of total quality management techniques on the performance of a pilot sample of 39 U.S. firms. Actual performance is compared to an improved benchmark performance measure of how the firms would have performed had they not adopted TQM. The findings indicate that performance, as measured by profit margin, return on assets, asset-use efficiency, and stock returns, is marginally better for firms that have implemented TQM. For a subsample of firms identified as having clearly more mature and well-integrated quality management approaches, the improved performance result is notably and consistently stronger.
How Atypical, Hard Cases Make Bad Law (See, e.g., The Lack of Judicial Restraint in Twombly, Wal-Mart, and Ricci )

Despite the oft-mentioned goal of judicial restraint, courts have few effective tools to realize it. Stare decisis provides some guidance on whether legal change should be made where there is relevant precedent, but courts do not always conduct a stare decisis analysis. And for questions for which precedent and thus stare decisis is not relevant, beyond malleable tools, including those of statutory and constitutional interpretation, the courts have no guidance on whether to make legal change. Accordingly, many scholars have argued that judicial restraint is rhetoric not reality. Possibly unsurprisingly then, several recent high profile Supreme Court cases including Twombly, Wal-Mart, and Ricci, have exhibited what may be characterized as a lack of judicial restraint. While to date each case has been criticized for the specific legal change made in the case, an unrecognized lack of restraint ultimately ties all of the cases together. In the cases, the Court made legal change motivated by extraordinary circumstances, and no doctrine of judicial restraint prevented the change. This Article argues for a new doctrine of judicial restraint — the “atypical doctrine” — that the Court should not make legal change in cases, like Twombly, Wal-Mart, and Ricci, where legal change is motivated by oddball or atypical facts, and the change would affect typical cases. The Article contributes to the important question of when the Court should make legal change by beginning a discussion on how judicial restraint can be strengthened.
A Comprehensive Review of Novel Drug–Disease Models in Diabetes Drug Development

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, which affects millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose concentrations (hyperglycaemia), which result in comorbidities and multi-organ dysfunction. This is due to a gradual loss of glycaemic control as a result of increasing insulin resistance, as well as decreasing β-cell function. The objective of T2DM drug interventions is, therefore, to reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations to normal, healthy levels without hypoglycaemia. Several classes of novel antihyperglycaemic drugs with various mechanisms of action have been developed over the past decades or are currently under clinical development. The development of these drugs is routinely supported by the application of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation approaches. They integrate information on the drug’s pharmacokinetics, clinically relevant biomarker information and disease progression into a single, unifying approach, which can be used to inform clinical study design, dose selection and drug labelling. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the quantitative approaches that have been reported since the 2008 review by Landersdorfer and Jusko in an increasing order of complexity, starting with glucose homeostasis models. Each of the presented approaches is discussed with respect to its strengths and limitations, and respective knowledge gaps are highlighted as potential opportunities for future drug–disease model development in the area of T2DM.
Influence of Carbohydrates on Bacterial Decomposition of Urea

Since Pasteur ' had observed that urine is subject to bacterial decomposition, a number of investigators studied, from different angles, the disintegration of urea by microorganisms. That urea is broken up into ammonia and carbon dioxide by bacteria was described by Schnitzler.2 Brodmeier 3 stated that glucose added to the medium prevented the liberation, by B. proteus, of ammonia from urea. According to Laschina 4 no increased urea decomposition could be demonstrated when the culture of B. pasteuri was brought within the field of a solenoid, even if MgSO4 and K2 HPO4 were added to the culture, as recommended by Jaksch.s Gellinger 6 reported that, of his 72 cultures of urea-splitting organisms obtained from soil and manure, four were able to decompose urea in the absence of oxygen. Jacoby 7 observed that glucose added to the urea solution accelerated the decomposition of urea by the proteus bacillus. He 8 also investigated influences of various substances on the urea-splitting action of the organism, and found that the decomposition was increased markedly by dextrose, d-galactose, glycerol, d, 1-glyceric aldehyde, dioxyacetone, pyruvic acid and lactic acid, moderately by d-fructose, d-arabinose and 1-arabinose, and very slightly by d-mannose, d-sorbose, rhamnose, heptose, saccharose, lactose, raffinose, alpha-methyl glucoside, beta-methyl glucoside, mannitol, dulcitol, sorbitol, erythritol, inositol and prophyl alcohol. Jacoby also obtained a dried preparation of the bacillus, of which urease could be preserved for a long time and was active in the presence of toluol. He" stated that leucine was necessary for the formation of bacterial urease but had no effect upon its activity, since the amino acid did not increase the urea decomposition of the dried preparation while it accelerated the urea-splitting action of the organism when added to the culture medium. Hen further stated that it was necessary to have leucine in the culture medium for the production of urease by B. coli as well as by B. proteus, but, on the other hand, the addition of leucine to the medium containing glucose inhibited the fermentation of the carbohydrate by the bacteria. Takahata 12 found that the optimum reaction of Sarensen's solution for the ureadecomposition of the proteus bacillus was PH 7.0 and that urease was extracted
Investigations on outer thermal spraying and inner shot blasting on boiler tube to promote high-temperature corrosion resistance

As scales on heating surface caused tubes overheated, outer thermal spraying with NiCrAl, FeCrAl etc. high-temperature corrosion-resistant coatings, combined with inner shot blasting, was used to treat super-heater tubes of material ?仔11(12Cr3MoVSiTiB). After 20,000-hour's operation, the cross-section was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows that outer thermal spraying with NiCrAl (DCP) coating and sealing the coating aperture with WT-600+Al2O3 can prevent boiler tube from flue gas corrosion and alleviate ash deposit remarkably. Combined with outer thermal spraying, inner shot blasting can relieve high-temperature oxidation of steam to tubes efficiently, reduce the inner scale thickness to less than 1/3 of that of the untreated boiler tube, raise the total efficiency of both inner and outer high-temperature corrosion-resistance to 4 times more of that of the untreated boiler. The cost of the combined treatment is only 1/4 of that of changing the tubes with new ones.
Measles vaccine failure

Suleimania Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was the site of a on-year study, started June 1987, which was designed to investigate measles vaccine failure. The first part of the study consisted of 336 patients with measles. Diagnosis was established on clinical grounds and confirmed by fluorescent IgM analysis. Those patients 9 months and older, which is the legal age of vaccination, comprised 310 subjects. Of these, 29.4% had been vaccinated. This percentage appears to be within the normal range, considering the local coverage rate of vaccination and seroconversion rate, compared with those for other countries. The main cause of vaccine failure was persistent maternal antibodies. The second part from various study involved testing the potency of some samples of measles vaccine obtained from various health centers in the Riyadh region. Potency was found to meet recommended standards.
The case of the missing tuple: teaching the SQL outer-join operator to undergraduate information systems students

Once students have mastered basic database querying with SQL, the next step for the instructor is to present operators that can extract complex information from multiple tables. The relational database left-outer-join (LOJ) expression (T1rT2) is used to merge two tables, say T1 and T2, using any given condition. Unlike regular database joins, when records from the first table (T1) fail to match records in the second table (T2) the LOJ operator retains each of those T1 tuples and adds an appropriate number of "null" values to compensate for the missing contribution of T2 records. In spite of its relatively simple definition and frequency in everyday common problems, we have observed that novice database students oftentimes have difficulties in understanding and properly using this technique. In this paper, we discuss three functionally equivalent versions of the left-outer-join operator to allow multiple ways of presenting the material and to show students a single data extraction problem from three viewpoints. We have developed an empirical evaluation of perceived difficulty and manageability of those versions. A simple performance analysis is conducted to determine the relative merits of each alternative.
Tools and Methodologies for the Characterization of Electrode–Electrolyte Interfaces

The preceding chapters have demonstrated the vast amount of insight gained over the years into how the electrolyte interacts with the electrodes in Li and Li-ion batteries. Such progress would not have been possible without a parallel development in experimental techniques that are capable of interrogating these interfaces with ever increasing level of chemical and spatial resolutions. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of these tools, grouped by the kind of information they offer, through representative examples in the literature. A lot has been learned about the origin and result of undesired reactions at electrode–electrolyte interfaces (EEIs, hereafter), especially the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphite electrodes. In contrast, visualization of the microscopic phenomena that control the charge transfer across interfaces required for reversible energy storage remains largely elusive; in practice, it is mainly probed by macroscopic measurements such as impedance spectroscopy. As a result, the main focus of this discussion will be placed on how a suite of characterization tools can provide information on degradation processes. Nonetheless, some attention will also be devoted to experiments that are indirectly relevant to charge transfer chemistry, for instance, by probing ion solvation in bulk electrolytes. Because they are the most relevant to application, the discussion will be centered on liquid–solid EEIs. Much the same concepts can be applied to the study of solid electrolyte systems, although the experimental constraints are slightly different. For instance, the absence of liquids makes it easier to design setups for tools that require ultrahigh vacuum. It will become clear to the reader that while the available toolbox offers extreme versatility, no single technique can currently provide the final answer to these complex interfacial phenomena. We will conclude the chapter with a look into the future, taking a glimpse into new capabilities which will soon push the boundaries of the current state-of-the-art, yet still keeping an eye on the general “lessons learned” from decades of work on this complex problem.
Hemorrhagic Complications Associated with Ventriculostomy in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Treatment for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Single-Center Experience

Currently, a complete understanding of post-ventriculostomy hemorrhagic complications in subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysms remains unknown. The present study evaluates the impact of periprocedural risk factors on rates of external ventricular drain (EVD)-associated hemorrhage in the setting of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. A retrospective chart review of 107 patients who underwent EVD placement within 24 h of endovascular coiling was performed. CT of head without contrast was obtained after drain placement and before endovascular treatment. Post-procedural CT was also obtained within 48 h of embolization and was reviewed for new/worsened track hemorrhages. Chi-squared test was used in evaluation. Ninety-three of the 107 patients reviewed met the inclusion criteria. Four (25%) of the 16 patients on antiplatelet medications at presentation experienced post-EVD hemorrhage compared to 11 (14.3%) of 77 that were not (p = 0.29). Of the 13 patients given intraprocedural antiplatelets, 3 (23.1%) demonstrated hemorrhage compared to 12 (15%) of 80 not administered these medications (p = 0.46). Further, of 36 patients with intraprocedural anticoagulation, 6 (16.7%) exhibited hemorrhage compared to 9 (15.8%) of 57 in those without (p = 0.91). In 17 patients who received DVT prophylaxis, 2 (11.8%) exhibited hemorrhage compared to 13 (17.1%) of 76 who did not (p = 0.59). No post-EVD hemorrhage had attributable neurologic morbidity. Our results, demonstrating no significant risk factor related to EVD-associated hemorrhage rates, support the safety of EVD placement in the peri-endovascular treatment period.
Risk-informed assessment of radionuclide release from dissolution of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste glass

Abstract This paper aims to detail the different parameters to be considered for use in an assessment of radionuclide release. The dissolution of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste glass was considered for risk and performance insights in a generic disposal system for more than 100,000 years. The probabilistic performance assessment includes the waste form, container, geology, and hydrology. Based on the author’s previous extended work and data from the literature, this paper presents more detailed specific cases of (1) the time dependence of radionuclide release, (2) radionuclide release coupled with container failure (rate-limiting process), (3) radionuclide release through the opening area of the container and cladding, and (4) sequestration of radionuclides in the near field after container failure. These cases are better understood for risk and performance insights. The dissolved amount of waste form is not linear with time but is higher at first. The radionuclide release rate from waste form dissolution can be constrained by container failure time. The partial opening area of the container surface may decrease radionuclide release. Radionuclides sequestered by various chemical reactions in the near field of a failed container may become stable with time as the radiation level decreases with time.
Pilot performance of the anti-G straining maneuver : Respiratory demands and breathing system effects

Introduction: The anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM) is still an important part of pilot protection for G-induced loss of consciousness. The specific requirements for and the effects of breathing systems on the performance of the AGSM are essential elements to design in compatible breathing systems. Methods: Subject pools of 27 and 34 naval aviators were recruited and used to measure the inhalatory and exhalatory flow requirements for the AGSM and the breathing system effects of mask cavity pressure during AGSM performance on the Naval Air Warfare Center Dynamic Flight Simulator at acceleration levels up to 8 Gz. Results: The mean peak inhalatory flow was 125.5 L.min -1 (n = 135, SD = 42.1) with a maximum value of 274 L.min -1 . The mean peak exhalatory flow was 154.4 L.min -1 (n = 135, SD = 49.6) with a maximum value of 308 L.min -1 . For the effects of the breathing system on AGSM performance, inhalatory mask cavity pressures were not above 30 mmHg with the majority less than 10 mmHg. Exhalatory mask cavity pressures did not exceed 60 mmHg but predominated in the 20-30 mmHg range. In comparison to accepted guidelines, 67-77% of inhalatory mask cavity pressures were below and 91% of the exhalatory mask cavity pressures were above the Air Standardization and Coordination Committee (ASCC) limit of ±14 mmHg. Conclusions: The difference in the peak inhalatory and exhalatory flows measured during this study and clinically can be attributed to different test conditions and performer techniques. The reduction in inhalatory flow with increasing G is consistent with the increase in breathing difficulty due to the G load and the inflation of the anti-G suit. However, exhalatory mechanics appear unaffected by the G load and the inflation of the anti-G suit. Since 23-33% of the inhalatory mask cavity pressures were above this ASCC limit, improvements in regulator performance are still needed. For exhalatory effects of the breathing system, the main contributor is the mask valve. While no pilot suffered unconsciousness or expressed complaints with the breathing systems used, these exposures were of short duration. The additional work of breathing during a combat engagement may further compromise the pilot's ability to retain consciousness with the AGSM.
Future Directions in Research

The biosocial approach to the study of adolescent development offers a wealth of opportunities for collaboration between clinical specialists and social and behavioral scientists. This entire volume is based on that premise and represents a major step in that direction. The emergence of behavioral endocrinology as a discipline marks the conjoint interests of psychologists and endocrinologists in both the study of animals and humans (Beach, 1975). In pediatrics and adolescent medicine, the widespread use of Tanner (1962) staging of secondary sex characteristics sets the stage for the study of physiological and psychological correlates and the effects of pubertal growth on psychosocial functioning. In the clinical realm, psychiatrists are able to identify the interplay of maturational and behavioral events on a continuum from normative variation to psychopathologic responses.
Role of Intercollegiate Athletics' Identification in Student Adjustment to College Life

The study focused on the impact of intercollegiate athletic programs on students’ college adjustment. The purpose of this study was to extend existing theory on whether intercollegiate athletic programs significantly assist college students’ academic adjustment with roles of social and psychological aspects in college life. Using a sample of 320 undergraduate students, students who have higher identification with college sport teams were found to positively evaluate themselves through active interaction with other college fans, and enhance their level of academic adjustment in higher education. Additionally, team identification had a direct function to enhance academic adjustment while personal self-esteem and social adjustment played significant mediating roles between team identification and academic adjustment. Finally, this study suggests college counselors utilize college sport events for students who have faced major adjustment challenges, such as such as a lack of social relationships and academic difficulties in college life in higher education.
Troubling normal in world language education

Queer theory problematizes societal norms related to sex, gender, and sexuality, while resisting normalcy. The authors utilize a queer theoretical approach in analysis of participant observation in...
Drake's Role in the Spanish Invasion of England

Opinions regarding Sir Francis Drake are almost never mundane. In the past, the English sentiment towards Drake has been very favorable, and understandably so; Drake was seen as a hero and an explorer. More recent accounts of Drake are much more objective. In Spain, Drake was hated, although it was admitted that he was an interesting historical figure, as well as clever and worthy of respect. Some accounts hesitate to use the word "pirate" to describe Drake, and yet, this is an accurate description of him. The purpose of this paper is to examine this uneasy relationship between Drake and Spain, and England and Spain, at this period in history. Did Drake's piracy on Spanish ships exacerbate conditions more than usual? Were Drake's actions a contributing factor to the attempted Spanish invasion of England in 1588? This question seems to be worthy of some study.
Quality Improvement Initiative to Improve Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Initiation at 9 Years of Age.

Abstract Objective Adolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine rates remain low. Early vaccination may improve the efficacy of the vaccine and immunization rates; however, clinicians have not routinely made a strong recommendation for younger adolescents. This study assessed the feasibility of routine vaccination at 9 years of age. Methods Three sequential quality improvement (QI) interventions were implemented to shift the initiation of the HPV vaccine to 9 years of age in a primary care network in low-income neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio. The first intervention changed the electronic medical record alert for the HPV vaccine from 11 to 9 years of age and focused on cancer prevention when discussing the vaccine with families. The second intervention was formation of an HPV QI team. The third intervention was a clinic incentive for HPV captured opportunity rates. Immunization rates were monitored using statistical process control charts to compare the HPV immunization rate in a sample of 9- and 10-year-old children with a sample of 11- and 12-year-old children. Results The percentage of patients receiving an HPV vaccine before 11 years increased from 4.6% to 35.7% during the 6 months after the QI initiative began and to 60.8% 18 months after the project began. In comparison, the HPV vaccination rate in the sample of 11- and 12-year-olds increased from 78.7% to 82.8% 18 months later. Conclusions This QI project used multiple interventions to increase HPV vaccination at 9 years of age in a large primary care network serving a diverse low-income population.
The Matrix-Tree Theorem

The Matrix-Tree Theorem is a formula for the number of spanning trees of a graph in terms of the determinant of a certain matrix. We begin with the necessary graph-theoretical background. Let G be a finite graph, allowing multiple edges but not loops. (Loops could be allowed, but they turn out to be completely irrelevant.)
Vehicle Telematics: The Good, Bad and Ugly

Reports on vehicular telematics. Here, suggests that vehicular telematics is but one of the later instantiations of Orwellian digital dystopia, but with its own distinvehictive twists including the increased exposure to malicious hacking and the potential for abuse of individual privacy. As with other innovative technologies, modern vehicular telematics is a mixed blessing. There is no doubt that some telematics associated with convenience, safety, mechanical reliability, and entertainment are welcomed by many consumers and to varying degrees. With my latest vehicle, I most appreciate features like forward collision alert, 360° surround vision, distance indication, front pedestrian braking, cross traffic alerts, active cruise control, lane-keeping assistance, parking sensors, blind-spot monitoring,
Synthesis of β‐Mg2C3: A Monoclinic High‐Pressure Polymorph of Magnesium Sesquicarbide.

The new title polymorph of Mg2C3 is prepared from the elements under high pressure/high temperature conditions (9—20 GPa, 1700—2000 K) and characterized by synchrotron powder XRD, mass spectrometry, solid state NMR and Raman spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
Memory and Cognitive Disorders of Chronic Alcoholics

Publisher Summary Evidence suggests that alcohol has a direct toxic effect on brain tissue that forces researcher to consider the possibility that Korsakoffs syndrome may be a chronic illness correlated with the degree and the length of alcohol abuse. This chapter discusses memory and cognitive disorders of chronic alcoholics. Continuities between alcoholic Korsakoff patients and long-term non-Korsakoff alcoholics have been demonstrated in numerous neuro-psychological investigations. When contrasted with nonalcoholic control subjects, both chronic alcoholics and alcoholic Korsakoff patients perform poorly on visuoperceptual tasks requiring digit-symbol substitutions or the identification of embedded figures. On these tests, the scores of the chronic alcoholics fall midway between those of the alcoholic Korsakoff patients and the nonalcoholic control group. However, the results of three separate studies suggest that chronic alcoholics and alcoholic Korsakoff patients do share qualitatively similar anterograde memory problems. Although it is not possible to determine what neural circuits mediate anterograde and retrograde memory processes, a report based on stimulation studies with epileptic patients has produced evidence for such an anatomical separation. Two distinct areas concerned with memory were found within the left temporal lobe: the stimulation of the posterior region resulted in retrograde memory problems, whereas the stimulation of the anterior region produced anterograde memory deficits.
Robust Anatomical Landmark Detection for MR Brain Image Registration

Correspondence matching between MR brain images is often challenging due to large inter-subject structural variability. In this paper, we propose a novel landmark detection method for robust establishment of correspondences between subjects. Specifically, we first annotate distinctive landmarks in the training images. Then, we use regression forest to simultaneously learn (1) the optimal set of features to best characterize each landmark and (2) the non-linear mappings from local patch appearances of image points to their displacements towards each landmark. The learned regression forests are used as landmark detectors to predict the locations of these landmarks in new images. Since landmark detection is performed in the entire image domain, our method can cope with large anatomical variations among subjects. We evaluated our method by applying it to MR brain image registration. Experimental results indicate that by combining our method with existing registration method, obvious improvement in registration accuracy can be achieved.
Electron counts, structural stability, and magnetism in BaCuSn2-CeNi1-xSi2-type YTxGe2 (T= Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni)

Abstract Results of crystallographic refinement, the relationship between electron counts and structural stability, and magnetic characterization of YTxGe2 (T = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) prepared using the arc melting method are presented. These YTxGe2 compounds crystallize in the BaCuSn2-CeNi1-xSi2-type structure with space group Cmcm, and the site occupancies of 3d transition metals range from x = 0.22 (1) for Cr to x = 0.66 (1) for Ni. Based on a combination of single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, the trends are clearly established that the smaller transition metal atoms exhibit larger occupancies on T (Cu) site. Our investigation into the relationship between electron count and site defect reveals that a stable configuration is obtained when reaching 10.3e- per transition metal (Y + T), which strongly correlates with the defect observed in the case of T metals. Magnetic properties measurements indicate paramagnetism for T = Cr, Fe, and Co, but ferromagnetism for T = Mn with a Curie temperature of ∼293 K and effective moment ∼3.6 μB/Mn. The absence of superconductivity in this series is surprising because they consist of similar building blocks and electron counts to superconducting YGe1.5+δ except for 3d transition metals. Introducing 3d transition metals into the system plays a critical role in suppressing superconductivity, offering new insights into the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism in layered intermetallics.
Uses of Cardiac CT

The uses of cardiac CT are multiple, including evaluation for coronary artery stenosis, quantification of coronary calcification, as well as assessment of cardiac function. With great negative predictive value, cardiac CT has good utility in ruling out coronary artery stenosis in select patients, which may obviate the need for more invasive procedures. Different imaging techniques yield variable amounts of information and radiation doses.
Human CTC1 primarily functions in telomere maintenance/protection and promotes CHK1 phosphorylation in response to global replication stress

ABSTRACT CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) is a heterotrimeric, RPA-like protein that binds to single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and functions in the replication of telomeric and non-telomeric DNA. Previous studies have shown that deletion of CTC1 results in decreased cell proliferation and telomeric DNA damage signaling. However, a detailed analysis of the consequences of conditional CTC1 knockout (KO) have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of CTC1 KO on cell cycle progression, genome-wide replication and activation of the DNA damage response. We find that CTC1 KO results in p53-mediated G2 arrest and increased apoptosis, but not genome-wide replication defects or DNA damage. Instead, the G2 arrest is dependent on the accumulation of telomeric RPA following CTC1 KO, suggesting that the primary function of CST is in telomere end protection and maintenance not genome-wide replication. However, despite increased RPA-ssDNA, global CHK1 phosphorylation was not detected in CTC1 KO cells. Further analysis revealed that CTC1 KO significantly inhibits CHK1 phosphorylation following hydroxyurea-induced replication stress, due to decreased levels of the ATR activator TopBP1. Overall, our results identify that telomere not genome-wide DNA damaging signaling leads to decrease proliferation following CTC1 deletion and that CST promotes ATR-CHK1 signaling through the regulation of TopBP1.
Abstract WP220: Can’t Breathe, Can’t See, Can’t Think: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Increases the Risk of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Introduction: Several theories exist regarding the pathogenesis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). One theory suggests that PRES occurs when systemic blood pressure exceeds the...
Initial Facial Feminization Surgery Experience in a Multicenter Integrated Health Care System

ObjectiveThere are few large studies on facial feminization surgery (FFS). We provide the largest comprehensive report to date of an FFS cohort regarding the safety of multilevel surgery, patient-s...
Ethics Across Boundaries

Aristotle has little to say about ethics across cultural lines. I have suggested that dialectic or reflective equilibrium may be helpful there. But upon further consideration I note that intuitions and principles may differ radically across national and cultural boundaries, and that rationality is not very common and not always useful to ethics in the absence of supportive emotions. Perhaps businesses, which require cooperation in diversity, can encourage a transactional form of association that in due course ripens into something like a strong form of friendship, much as habits develop into virtues. They may also create some space for dialectical conversations. Insofar as friendly conversations about ethics increase organizational effectiveness, they may spread widely. But recent political developments, along with new organizational forms, raise issues that should temper our optimism.
Interaction Effects of Sex of Mother's Child and Child's Reading Performance on the Mother's Evaluation of the School

AbstractA recent project conducted within the Kansas City, Missouri, school district involved mothers in a multi-faceted effort to enhance the social-emotional and academic growth of third-year pupils who were having difficulty in learning to read,1 It is commonly assumed that “parental support” of the school or positive parent-school relationships are conditions facilitating academic progress in the child. Accordingly, one of the intended outcomes of the project efforts was the “improvement” of parent evaluations of the school. The present paper reports the analysis of pretest data pertaining to the assumption of a relationship between parent evaluations of the school and academic success in the child. Do mothers whose children are having difficulty in learning to read evaluate the school less favorably than mothers of children not having difficulty?
minicore: Fast scRNA-seq clustering with various distances

Abstract Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses typically begin by clustering a gene-by-cell expression matrix to empirically define groups of cells with similar expression profiles. We describe new methods and a new open source library, minicore, for efficient k-means++ center finding and k-means clustering of scRNA-seq data. Minicore works with sparse count data, as it emerges from typical scRNA-seq experiments, as well as with dense data from after dimensionality reduction. Minicore’s novel vectorized weighted reservoir sampling algorithm allows it to find initial k-means++ centers for a 4-million cell dataset in 1.5 minutes using 20 threads. Minicore can cluster using Euclidean distance, but also supports a wider class of measures like Jensen-Shannon Divergence, Kullback-Leibler Divergence, and the Bhattacharyya distance, which can be directly applied to count data and probability distributions. Further, minicore produces lower-cost centerings more efficiently than scikit-learn for scRNA-seq datasets with millions of cells. With careful handling of priors, minicore implements these distance measures with only minor ( Availability The open source library is at https://github.com/dnbaker/minicore. Code used for experiments is at https://github.com/dnbaker/minicore-experiments.
0074 Epidemiology of falls in young children

Statement of purpose Falls are the leading cause of emergency department visits among children less than five years old. Parents are encouraged to supervise their children and provide a safe environment to prevent injuries, but there are few evidence-based interventions to prevent child falls. This analysis aimed to identify factors related to unintentional nonfatal fall injuries in children under five. Methods/Approach Data about children under five years who experienced a fall in 2015 were extracted from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program. The case narratives were reviewed and coded for what the child fell from, fell onto, the fall action (i.e. tripped, dropped, rolled), and the precipitating event leading up to the fall. Results In 2015, an estimated 121,531 infants ( Conclusion Infants primarily fall from beds; toddlers and preschoolers fall most often from standing by slipping or tripping. Significance Understanding the circumstances of fall injuries can help identify new opportunities for prevention and intervention.
Equalizing or Stratifying? Intergenerational Persistence across College Degrees

The literature has shown inconsistent support for the equalization thesis, that is, the idea that a college degree erases the effect of social origin on socioeconomic destination, and suggested hig...
Influence of water on amine loading for ordered mesoporous silica

Abstract SBA-15, a mesoporous silica, was employed to systematically study the influence of water concentration during amine grafting and also on amine loading. It was found that water as opposed to alcohol was a more effective agent for influencing amine loading. The addition of alcohol did not result in higher amine loadings; however, the addition of water leads to higher amine loading. Under the reported synthesis conditions, further increase in water concentration resulted in further increase in amine loading without plateauing. Additionally, increasing the aminosilane content beyond 2 mL/g (SiO2) during amine grafting did not yield higher amine loading. Moreover, the mere presence of water during grafting affects the grafting rate of the aminosilanes, resulting in complete grafting of amines to supports in 30 min. The stability of wet grafted materials and the universality of the studied effects for other aminosilanes and mesoporous silica supports (KIT-6 and MCM-48) were also demonstrated.
Dealing with Downers

"Down cattle" are non-ambulatory cattle that cannot stand or walk without assistance. Down cattle present welfare, food safety and economic problems to the cattle industry. Decisions must be made quickly to either care for non-ambulatory livestock properly or to humanely euthanize them. USDA estimated that approximately 200,000 down cattle were presented to slaughter facilities in the US in 2003, and that almost 5% of dairy cattle became non-ambulatory in 2005. Causes are injuries related to dystocia, infectious diseases (toxic mastitis, toxic metritis, lymphoma, peritonitis, septicemia) and metabolic disorders (hypocalcemia, hypomagnesmia, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, acidosis). If the animal is suffering and the pain or distress cannot be controlled or is not likely to be controlled quickly, the animal should be euthanized. Treatment includes nursing care that provides comfortable bedding, shelter, food and water, and protection from other cattle and wildlife as well as medical care. Down cattle can be moved on sleds, belts or carefully in tractor buckets, but should not be dragged except in emergency situations. Non-ambulatory cattle cannot be left without water, feed and shelter. Public health issues involve increasing pathogen loads (salmonella, E. coli, and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)) and tissue residues at slaughter. Current USDA rules curtail the slaughter of down cattle in the US. Economic costs relate to replacement, treatment and nursing care, and potential effects on milk and meat markets (consumer acceptance); 77% of consumers polled replied that they found it unacceptable that downed animals were used for food.
Under Pressure: Right Heart Catheterization and Provocative Testing for Diagnosing Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogenous disorder involving multiple pathophysiological processes that ultimately affect the vasculature within the lungs. Right heart catheterization (RHC) continues to be the benchmark for diagnosing PH. The use of provocation techniques during RHC can help sub-characterize the type of PH and thus assist in developing appropriate treatment strategies for the management of each PH subtype. This review examines proven and novel approaches for evaluating the pulmonary vasculature during RHC and aspires to provide an accurate, clinically relevant framework for using RHC to diagnose and manage PH. Further improvement in standardized protocols will help optimize the application of RHC in patients with PH.
Examining the Influence of Racial Discrimination on Adverse Birth Outcomes: An Analysis of the Virginia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2016-2018.

In Virginia, Black women experience higher rates of adverse birth and labor outcomes that may not be explained solely by risky behaviors or social standing. Previous studies have found an association between racial discrimination and adverse birth outcomes; however, their findings may be underpowered due to small sample sizes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between racial discrimination and poor birth outcomes. VA PRAMS (2016–2018) was used for this secondary data analysis of mothers age 15–44. The exposure was measured using two VA PRAMS questions on racial discrimination and information on the outcomes were extracted from birth certificate data. Simple logistic regression was used obtain an association between experiencing racial discrimination and adverse birth outcomes (i.e. preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age) and to identify risk factors for experiencing racial discrimination. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed after controlling for other covariates. Virginia women (N = 2634) who experienced racial discrimination had statistically significant increased odds of having a low birth weight infant (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.18, 4.38); however, when stratified by race, only non-Hispanic Black (n = 540) women had statistically significant increased odds of preterm birth and low birth weight (PTB OR 7.18; 95% CI 2.28, 22.65; LBW OR 3.56; 95% CI 1.28, 9.91). Non-Hispanic Black women in Virginia who experience racial discrimination are more likely to have low birth weight and preterm births. Efforts to effectively reduce adverse birth outcomes and eliminate racial inequities must consider upstream, holistic approaches beyond the biomedical model.
Immigration enforcement and mixed-status families: The effects of risk of deportation on Medicaid use

As Congress priorities the immigration debate on increased border security, the fate of an estimated 11 million undocumented citizens remains uncertain. Stuck in between partisan politics and practical solutions are mixed-status families in which some members of the family are U.S. citizens while other members are in the country without proper authorization. This paper, examines the relationship between risk of deportation and Medicaid use drawing from a nationally sample of mothers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Survey. These data are then merged with data from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to create a contextual risk of deportation measure. Findings suggest that an increase in risk of deportation is associated with a decrease in Medicaid use. The implications of this work have tremendous impacts for health service providers and policy makers interested in preventing and reducing health disparities in complex family structures.
Conceptual Development of Mental Health Ontologies

The junction of twentieth and twenty first centuries is characterized as an age of information. This era is marked by multifaceted colossal advances in information technologies (ITs) [9, 11, 49]. The explosive growth in information technologies is beginning to define not only how we live but also how we think. In this age, progress in many disciplines is primarily determined by how well a discipline can incorporate IT advancements into its own processes. The domain of healthcare is especially well positioned to benefit from ITs. Numerous advances in medical research have fueled explosive growth in the amount of clinical information available to physicians and other health care providers. The new area of Medical Informatics uses ITs to manage clinical information and make it accessible when it is needed to make crucial decisions. Thus, Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) comprise an important aspect of Medical Informatics.
Super-efficient aggregating history-independent persistent authenticated dictionaries

Authenticated dictionaries allow users to send lookup requests to an untrusted server and get authenticated answers. Persistent authenticated dictionaries (PADs) add queries against historical versions. We consider a variety of different trust models for PADs and we present several extensions, including support for aggregation and a rich query language, as well as hiding information about the order in which PADs were constructed. We consider variations on treelike data structures as well as a design that improves efficiency by speculative future predictions. We improve on prior constructions and feature two designs that can authenticate historical queries with constant storage per update and several designs that can return constant-sized authentication results.