cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complications and Outcomes for Children Hospitalized with Typical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in the United States

Purpose Diarrhea-associated, or “typical” Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Despite its prevalence, the clinical course and short-term complications of children hospitalized with HUS has not been described on a national level in the United States. Using a national database, we sought to describe the complication rates and burden of hospitalization with HUS to enable clinicians to define an expected clinical course and better understand the risks for clinical …
Analysis of Sinonasal Microbiota in Exacerbations of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Subgroups.

ObjectiveMicrobiome analyses now allow precise determination of the sinus microbiota of patients with exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this report is to describe the sinus ...
Adherence to Well-Child Care and Home Visiting Enrollment Associated with Increased Emergency Department Utilization.

Pediatric primary care and home visiting programs seek to reduce health disparities and promote coordinated health care use. It is unclear whether these services impact high-cost, emergency department (ED) utilization. We evaluated the association of well-child care (WCC) and home visiting with ED visit frequency for children < 1 year with an established medical home. Retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data for infants ≥ 34 weeks’ gestation from 2010 to 2014, within a multisite, academic primary care system. Latent class analysis characterized longitudinal patterns of WCC. Multivariable negative binomial regression models tested the independent association between WCC patterns and home visiting enrollment with ED visits. Among 10,363 infants, three WCC latent classes were identified: “Adherent” (83.4% of the cohort), “Intermediate” (9.7%), and “Decreasing adherence” (7.0%). Sixty-one percent of the sample had ≥ 1 ED visit in the first 12 months of life, and 73% of all ED visits were triaged as non-urgent. There was a significant interaction effect between WCC pattern and insurance status. Among Medicaid-insured infants, “Intermediate” and “Decreasing adherence” WCC patterns were associated with a lower incident rate of ED visits compared with the “Adherent” pattern (incident rate ratios (IRR) 0.88, p = 0.03 and 0.79, p < 0.001 respectively); this effect was not observed among privately-insured infants. Home visiting enrollment was independently associated with a higher rate of ED visits (IRR 1.24, p < 0.001). Among infants with an established medical home, adherence to recommended WCC and home visiting enrollment was associated with greater ED use for non-urgent conditions.
SOS1 Gain-of-Function Variants in Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a genetically heterogeneous cardiac disease characterized by progressive ventricular enlargement and reduced systolic function. Here, we report genetic a...
A Model Describing COVID-19 Community Transmission Taking into Account Asymptomatic Carriers and Risk Mitigation

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel human respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Asymptomatic carriers of the COVID-19 virus display no clinical symptoms but are known to be contagious. Recent evidence reveals that this sub-population, as well as persons with mild disease, are a major contributor in the propagation of the disease. The rapid spread of COVID-19 forced governments around the world to establish and enforce generalized risk mitigation strategies, from lockdowns to guidelines for social distancing, in an effort to minimize community transmission. This created an unprecedented epidemiological situation not properly characterized by existing mathematical models of isolation and quarantine. In this manuscript, we present a mathematical model for community transmission of COVID-19 taking into account asymptomatic carriers and varying degrees of risk mitigation. The main results consist of an exact calculation of the effective reproduction number R_e(t), and a modeling framework that enables the quantification of the effect of risk mitigation and asymptomatism on community transmission. A computation of R_e(t) is provided using mean parameters. The point estimate of the basic reproduction number is approximately 12.
The mixing problem in programme evaluation

A common concern of evaluation studies is to learn the distribution of outcomes when a specified treatment policy or assignment rule, determines the treatment received by each member of a specified population. Recent studies have emphasized evaluation of policies providing the same treatment to all members of the population. In particular, experiments with randomized treatments have this objective. Policies mandating homogenous treatment of the population are of interest, but so are ones that permit treatment to vary across the population. This paper examines the use of empirical evidence on programs with homogenous treatments to infer the outcomes that would occur if treatment were to vary across the population. Experimental evidence from the Perry Preschool Project is used to illustrate the inferential problem and the main findings of the analysis.
An Analogy of Sentence Mood and Use

Interpreting the force of an utterance, be it an assertion, command, or question, remains a task for achieving joint action in artificial intelligence. It is not an easy task. An interpretation of force depends on a speaker’s use of words for a hearer at the moment of utterance. As a result, grammatical mood is less than certain at indicating force. Navigating the break between sentence use and mood reveals how people get things done with language—that is, the fact meaning comes from the act of uttering. The main goal of this chapter is to motivate research into the relation between mood and use. Past theories, I argue, underestimate the evasiveness of force in interpretations (formal or otherwise). Making their relation explicit and precise expands the use of argumentation schemes in language processing and joint action. Building from prior work, I propose a model for conceiving the mood/force relation and offer questions for future research.
Vaccine: The Debate in Modern America

Since 1990, the number of mandated vaccines has increased dramatically. Today, a fully vaccinated child will have received nearly three dozen vaccinations between birth and age six. Along with the increase in number has come a growing wave of concern among parents about the unintended side effects of vaccines. In "Vaccine", Mark A. Largent explains the history of the debate and identifies issues that parents, pediatricians, politicians, and public health officials must address. Nearly 40 of American parents report that they delay or refuse a recommended vaccine for their children. Despite assurances from every mainstream scientific and medical institution, parents continue to be haunted by the question of whether vaccines cause autism. In response, health officials herald vaccines as both safe and vital to the public's health and put programs and regulations in place to encourage parents to follow the recommended vaccine schedule. For Largent, the vaccine-autism debate obscures a constellation of concerns held by many parents, including anxiety about the number of vaccines required (including some for diseases that children are unlikely ever to encounter), unhappiness about the rigorous schedule of vaccines during well-baby visits, and fear of potential side effects, some of them serious and even life-threatening. This book disentangles competing claims, opens the controversy for critical reflection, and provides recommendations for moving forward.
MBTA: Management By Timeshifting Around

How do good managers manage and coordinate? As technologies evolve the answer has also been evolving—from MBWA (Management By Wandering Around), to MBFA (Management By Flying Around), and now to MBTA (Management By Timeshifting Around). The purpose of this chapter is to surface and introduce this de-facto managerial approach.
Maintenance Issues for Machine Translation Systems

At AMTA-2002 we presented a deployed application of Machine Translation (MT) at Ford Motor Company in the domain of vehicle assembly process planning. This application uses an MT system developed by SYSTRAN to translate Ford’s manufacturing process build instructions from English to Spanish, German, Dutch and Portuguese. Our MT system has already translated over 2 million instructions into these target languages and is an integral part of our manufacturing process planning to support Ford’s assembly plants in Europe, Mexico and South America. A major component of the MT system development was the creation of a set of technical glossaries for the correct translation of automotive and Ford-specific terminology. Due to the dynamic nature of the automobile industry we need to keep these technical glossaries current as our terminology frequently changes due to the introduction of new manufacturing technologies, vehicles and vehicle features. In addition, our end-users need to be able to test and modify translations and see these results deployed in a timely manner. In this paper we will discuss the tools and business process that we have developed in conjunction with SYSTRAN in order to maintain and customize our MT system and improve its performance in the face of an ever-changing business environment.
Contemporary cardiac rehabilitation: patient characteristics and temporal trends over the past decade.

Background. Recent and dramatic therapeutic advances, aggressive care of the elderly, and a heightened awareness of secondary prevention have had a significant, albeit incompletely described, impact on cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. The authors did a retrospective analysis on 1,848 patients from their phase II CR program that were treated over the past decade. The authors sought to identify and analyze how advances in cardiovascular care might be related to temporal changes in demographics, medical comorbidities, coronary artery disease risk factors, and cardiovascular history among individuals with cardiac disease who have completed the phase II CR program over a 10-year period. Methods. Cardiac rehabilitation records were reviewed from 1986 to 1996 at Akron City Hospital. The data were compiled prospectively by nurses and exercise physiologists and were subsequently analyzed. The charts reviewed were from 1,848 patients who completed outpatient phase II CR. Results. The program began in 1986 with 53 patients completing CR and evolved to 309 in 1996. There has been an increase in the number of elderly patients referred to and completing the program. The number of participants older than 65 years of age increased from 28.3% in 1986 to 52.1% in 1996. Cardiac rehabilitation participants reflect the known demographics of patients with clinical coronary artery disease. Men outnumber women and, on average, the female participants are older than the male participants. There has been a statistically significant increase in medical comorbidities over the course of the study. Although the absolute number of patients entering CR after coronary artery bypass graft survey has remained fairly constant, there has been a dramatic increase in the absolute number of patients entering CR after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (with the latter recently comprising a majority of CR participants). Conclusion. There is a significant trend in the attendance and completion of CR programs by older individuals, which suggests a greater awareness of patients and their physicians. The growth of the program is fueled by high-risk patients with more comorbidities who potentially are the group of patients able to obtain the greatest absolute benefit from CR.
Cost of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine production.

Abstract It is generally accepted that the introduction of hepatitis B vaccine to national programmes of immunization in developing countries is desirable, but it has so far been constrained by the high cost of the vaccine. To determine the potential minimal costs of the vaccine, a study has been carried out of the production of the vaccine in a developing country with a population of ≈50 million. The study concludes that the manufacture of a plasma-derived hepatitis vaccine in some developing countries may be reasonable. A detailed financial evaluation using the best available information leads to several conclusions. In the hypothetical 50-million population country, a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine could be manufactured and made available at a price of ≈US$0.50 per dose packed in 10-dose vials if ≈4 million doses per year are procured. An important condition of achieving this price level is that ≈8% of total production is sold in the private sector for a profit. To establish these facilities, an initial capital investment of ≈US$3.7 million would have to be made. The minimal prices for hepatitis B vaccine that could be achieved in very large production facilities manufacturing many tens of millions of doses per year have also been estimated. Extension of the model to such quantities (10 to 20 million doses per year) suggests that the vaccine can be sold for less than US$0.10 per dose, thereby placing it in the same cost range as other EPI vaccines. Thus, hepatitis B vaccine may reach these cost levels when large-scale procurement is undertaken by governments and international donor agencies.
An Adaptive-Margin Support Vector Regression for Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecast

The day-to-day volatility of traffic series provides valuable information for accurately tracking the complex characteristics of short-term traffic such as stochastic noise and nonlinearity. Recently, support vector regression (SVR) has been applied for short-term traffic forecasting. However, standard SVR adopts a global and fixed ϵ-margin, which not only fails to tolerate the day-to-day traffic variation, but also requires a blind and time-consuming searching procedure to obtain a suitable value for ϵ. In this work, on the ground of stochastic modeling of day-to-day traffic variation, we propose an adaptive SVR short-term traffic forecasting model. The time-varying deviation of the day-to-day traffic variation, described in a bilevel formula, is integrated into SVR as heuristic information to construct an adaptive ϵ-margin, in which both local and normalized factors are considered. Comparative experiments using field traffic data indicate that the proposed model consistently outperforms the standard SVR...
Dialysis modality and the risk of allograft thrombosis in adult renal transplant recipients

Dialysis modality and the risk of allograft thrombosis in adult renal transplant recipients. Background Renal vascular thrombosis (RVT) is a rare but catastrophic complication of renal transplantation. Although a plethora of risk factors has been identified, a large proportion of cases of RVT is unexplained. Uremic coagulopathy and dialysis modality may predispose to RVT. We investigated the impact of the pretransplant dialysis modality on the risk of RVT in adult renal transplant recipients. Methods Renal transplant recipients (age 18 years or more) who were enrolled in the national registry between 1990 and 1996 ( N = 84,513) were evaluated for RVT occurring within 30 days of transplantation. Each case was matched with two controls from the same transplant center and with the year of transplantation. The association between RVT and 18 factors was studied with multivariate conditional logistic regression. Results Forty-nine percent of all cases of RVT (365 out of 743) occurred in repeat transplant recipients with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 5.72 compared with first transplants ( P P = 0.001). Change in dialysis modality was an independent predictor of RVT: switching from HD to PD (OR = 3.59, P P = 0.047). Compared with primary transplant recipients on HD (OR = 1.00), the highest odds of RVT were in repeat transplant recipients treated with PD (OR = 12.95, P P Conclusions The strongest risk factors for RVT were retransplantation and prior PD treatment. Prevention of RVT with perioperative anticoagulation should be studied in patients who have a constellation of the identified risk factors.
The activated core approach to combinatorial chemistry: A selection of new core molecules

Abstract Four new activated core molecules suitable for use in solution-phase combinatorial organic chemistry have been prepared. These molecules represent an attempt to further explore shape-space and increase the structural diversity of prepared libraries, as well as to incorporate recognition elements in the cores to increase the chances for interaction with biological targets. Demonstrations of deconvolution strategies used to simplify complex libraries and build individual molecular species based on the cores are also provided.
Diffusion characteristics and properties of chitosan coacervate capsules

Abstract Low molecular weight compounds were immobilized in complex coacervate capsules consisting of water-soluble chitosan salts or acid-soluble chitosan cross-linked with alginate or kappa-carrageenan. The release of a low molecular weight compound entrapped in the coacervate capsules was enhanced by the use of chitosan compared to coacervate capsules not containing chitosan. The chitosan concentration affected the release of the encapsulated compound, resulting in enhanced release at a 0·5% chitosan concentration. The alginate containing coacervate capsules sustained a steady diffusion rate of encapsulated material but released the material at a lower rate. Coacervate capsules with kappa-carrageenan did not show a difference in the release of the immobilized material with different chitosan concentrations but the rate of the material released was faster than that from the coacervate capsules with alginate. Studies using the coacervate capsules for plant cell immobilization showed that plant cells were more viable in the water soluble chitosan salt containing coacervate capsules than in acid soluble chitosan salt containing coacervate capsules.
Analyzing the sensitivity of drought recovery forecasts to land surface initial conditions

Summary Droughts are complex hydro-meteorological phenomena, which are challenging to both quantify and predict. From the perspective of drought quantification, knowledge of the land surface conditions is vital for determining the impacts a drought event is having on both the environment and society. Although such land surface information is essential for quantifying drought in real-time, the precise effect of land surface moisture deficits on future drought conditions is unknown. Forecasting of recovery from drought events is undoubtedly reliant on its intensity, yet the lead time at which a drought can be expected to recover is poorly understood. Due to this gap in knowledge, this study attempts to quantify the expected lead time for drought recovery, and the rate of drought recovery, by examining the loss of sensitivity to initial conditions within a climatological forecast. From this perspective, the expected recovery time from a specific drought event is quantified, based on a case study in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Southwestern USA for two initialization dates in years 2003 through 2008. This study has ramifications for understanding the time of drought recovery, and highlights the importance of accurate land surface state estimation. With respect to recent studies, the experiments presented here suggest that forecasts can be sensitive to initial conditions at greater lead-times, and therefore drought conditions are potentially more persistent than previously thought.
Nonequilibrium computations for multistage extractors

Abstract Nonequilibrium descriptions of multistage extraction and distillation systems have been undertaken by a number of investigators. Deviation from equilibrium is recognized in distillation and has been found significant in extractors ranging from mixer-settlers to agitated columns and for a variety of chemical components. Two approaches have been taken to account for nonequilibrium. The efficiency method ratios the actual change accomplished to that possible at equilibrium. The two-phase method involves separate material balances for each phase and accounts for mass transfer across the interface between them. One direct method for solving a set of nonequilibrium material balance equations was presented by Holland[1]. It is applicable only to conventional distillation columns. Both the efficiency approach and the two-phase method lead to sets of materials balances in which variables interact with other variables which are not adjacent to them in sequential order. Since the coefficient matrix is not tridiagonal, the most common direct method applied to multistage problems, the Thomas algorithm, may not be used to obtain the solution to these material balances. To simplify material balance computations for liquidliquid extractors and vaporliquid absorbers a direct, non-iterative, computational algorithm is developed for steady-stage calculations. Iterative searches for composition dependent equilibrium may be included without interference and possible misdirection from nonequilibrium effects. When this procedure is used, nonequilibrium stage computations can be made routinely for all multistage systems.
Glucosamine-labelled envelope proteins of Escherichia coli K-12. II. Location in inner and outer membranes.

Abstract Outer and inner membranes were prepared from a culture of a glucosamine- and leucine-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli K-12, which was grown on l -[4,5- 3 H 2 ] leucine and d -[1- 14 C] glucosamine and “chased” with unlabelled medium. Phenol-soluble glycoproteins were obtained from these membranes after phospholipid extraction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc electrophoresis of the outer-membrane glycoproteins separated two components which were labelled with both isotopes and had a fast (F) and intermediate (I) migration. Dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis of the inner-membrane glycoproteins showed that only the F band incorporated both 14 C and 3 H labels. The 3 H to 14 C ratio in the F band from the outer membrane was completely different from the isotopic ratio in the F band from the inner membrane, indicating that these components were not identical despite their similar molecular weights. The F bands from both membranes lost their label during the chase with unlabelled medium, while the I band remained relatively stable. Chloroform-soluble 14 C label extracted from the outer membrane decreased during the chase. In contrast, the chloroform-soluble 14 C from the inner membrane, accumulated during the chase.
Instrumentation: a multi-science integrated sequence

A new method of teaching traditional concepts of CS1-CS2 is discussed. The new method uses real-time data acquisition, teaming, and interdisciplinary courseware to illustrate basic computer science concepts. We present a series of experiments and the corresponding software engineering elements. These experiments have proved to be motivating for a broad spectrum of students.
Multispectral imaging systems on tethered balloons for optical remote sensing education and research

A set of low-cost, compact multispectral imaging systems have been developed for deployment on tethered balloons for education and outreach based on basic principles of optical remote sensing. They have proven to be sufficiently capable, and they are now being used in research as well. The imagers use tiny complementary metal-oxide semiconductor cameras with low-cost optical filters to obtain images in red and near-infrared bands, and a more recent version includes a blue band. The red and near-infrared bands are used primarily for identifying and monitoring vegetation through the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), while the blue band can be used for studying water turbidity and so forth. The imagers are designed to be carried by tethered balloons to altitudes currently up to approximately 50 m. These undergraduate-student-built imaging systems are being used by university and college students for a broad range of applications in multispectral imaging, remote sensing, and environmental science.
France, Russia, China: A structural analysis of social revolutions

‘A revolution’, writes Samuel P. Huntington in Political Order in Changing Societies , ‘is a rapid, fundamental, and violent domestic change in the dominant values and myths of a society, in its political institutions, social structure, leadership, and government activities and policies’. In The Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution , Lenin provides a different, but complementary perspective: ‘Revolutions’, he says, ‘are the festivals of the oppressed and the exploited. At no other time are the masses of the people in a position to come forward so actively as creators of a new social order’. Together these two quotes delineate the distinctive features of social revolutions. As Huntington points out, social revolutions are rapid, basic transformations of socio-economic and political institutions, and – as Lenin so vividly reminds us – social revolutions are accompanied and in part effectuated through class upheavals from below. It is this combination of thoroughgoing structural transformation and massive class upheavals that sets social revolutions apart from coups, rebellions, and even political revolutions and national independence movements. If one adopts such a specific definition, then clearly only a handful of successful social revolutions have ever occurred. France, 1789, Russia, 1917, and China, 1911–49, are the most dramatic and clear-cut instances. Yet these momentous upheavals have helped shape the fate of the majority of mankind, and their causes, consequences, and potentials have preoccupied many thoughtful people since the late eighteenth century.
Variable deep structure of a midcontinent fault and fold zone from seismic reflection: La Salle deformation belt, Illinois basin

Deformation within the United States midcontinent is frequently expressed as quasilinear zones of faulting and folding, such as the La Salle deformation belt, a northwest-trending series of folds cutting through the center of the Illinois basin. Seismic reflection profiles over the southern La Salle deformation belt reveal the three-dimensional structural style of deformation in the lower Paleozoic section and uppermost Precambrian(?) basement. Individual profiles and structural contour maps show for the first time that the folds of the La Salle deformation belt are underlain at depth by reverse faults that disrupt and offset intrabasement structure, offset the top of interpreted Precambrian basement, and accommodate folding of overlying Paleozoic strata. The folds do not represent development of initial dips by strata deposited over a preexisting basement high. Rather, the structures resemble subdued “Laramide-style” forced folds, in that Paleozoic stratal reflectors appear to be flexed over a fault-bounded basement uplift with the basement-cover contact folded concordantly with overlying strata. For about 40 km along strike, the dominant faults reverse their dip direction, alternating between east and west. Less well expressed antithetic or back thrusts appear to be associated with the dominant faults and could together describe a positive flower structure. The overall trend of this part of the La Salle deformation belt is disrupted by along-strike discontinuities that separate distinct fold culminations. Observations of dual vergence and along-strike discontinuities suggest an original deformation regime possibly involving limited transpression associated with distant late Paleozoic Appalachian-Ouachita mountain building. Moderate-magnitude earthquakes located west of the western flank of the La Salle deformation belt have reverse and strike-slip mechanisms at upper crustal depths, which might be reactivating deep basement faults such as observed in this study. The La Salle deformation belt is not necessarily typical of other well-known major midcontinent fault and fold zones, such as the Nemaha ridge, over which Paleozoic and younger sediments appear to simply be draped.
Measurement of the mass diffusivity of miscible liquids as a function of concentration using a common path shearing interferometer

A common path-shearing interferometer was adapted, using a Wollaston prism, to measure the diffusion coefficient for mass transfer of transparent, miscible liquids. The mathematics was developed for the time-dependent, one-dimensional diffusion process in a test cell when the diffusivity is a function of the local concentration of the fluids, and a procedure was devised to determine the diffusivity from the measured concentration gradient profiles. The results show that for diffusion in a water/glycerine system, the diffusivity depends on the concentration in an almost linear fashion. In the case of the silicone oils, the diffusivity was found to be nearly independent of the local concentration.
Predictions of Widespread Fatigue Damage Thresholds in Aging Aircraft

Commercial transport aircraft are required to operate under the concept of damage tolerance. Because of the structural redundancy and the crack arrest capability, the current fleet of commercial aircraft was initially designed to have sufficient residual strength to sustain discrete source damage. However, fatigue damage during the llfe of an aircraft can significantly reduce the residual strength of an aging aircraft. It is important to predict the threshold for the onset of widespread fatigue damage i.e., the initiation and growth of cracks at rivet holes (multiple site damage) to threshold sizes at which, in conjunction with a lead crack, the residual strength of the aircraft may fall below the limit load. A hierarchical global-intermediate-local approach is presented for the numerical predictions of the widespread fatigue damage thresholds. A detailed numerlcal study is presented to illustrate the importance of 1) the use of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics to assess the residual strength and 2) the importance of the local stresses due to rivet misfit clamping, cold worklng, fretting, etc., in assessing the number of fatigue cycles to reach the widespread fatigue damage threshold for an aging aircraft.
Software enabled control experiments with university-operated unmanned aircraft

On August 25, 2004, a series of flight experiments and demonstrations were flown at the McKenna urban operations complex at Ft. Benning, GA. These experiments represented the culmination of the rotary wing segment of the DARPA Software Enabled Control program. To support these efforts, an open system Unmanned Aerial Vehicle testbed architecture was developed for the GTMax and GTSpy university-operated research aircraft. This paper includes a description of these systems, and then discusses results from the final experiments. This includes: fault-tolerant flight control, adaptive flight control, fault detection and accommodation, reconfigurable control, trajectory generation, envelope protection, vision-aided inertial navigation, vision-based obstacle avoidance, and the first air-launching of a hovering aircraft.
Knowing a web page by the company it keeps

Web page classification is important to many tasks in information retrieval and web mining. However, applying traditional textual classifiers on web data often produces unsatisfying results. Fortunately, hyperlink information provides important clues to the categorization of a web page. In this paper, an improved method is proposed to enhance web page classification by utilizing the class information from neighboring pages in the link graph. The categories represented by four kinds of neighbors (parents, children, siblings and spouses) are combined to help with the page in question. In experiments to study the effect of these factors on our algorithm, we find that the method proposed is able to boost the classification accuracy of common textual classifiers from around 70% to more than 90% on a large dataset of pages from the Open Directory Project, and outperforms existing algorithms. Unlike prior techniques, our approach utilizes same-host links and can improve classification accuracy even when neighboring pages are unlabeled. Finally, while all neighbor types can contribute, sibling pages are found to be the most important.
μ Receptor and Gi2α antisense attenuate [d-Met2]-FMRFamide antinociception in mice

Abstract FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH 2 ) and several analogs produce centrally-mediated, naloxone-reversible antinociception, but have minimal affinity for opioid receptor (sub)types. In the present study, the antinociception in mice (55°C tail-flick test) produced by supraspinal (intracerebroventricular; ICV) administration of [ d -Met 2 ]-FMRFamide (a stable analog of FMRFamide) was attenuated by pretreatment with ICV oligodeoxyribonucleotide antisense to the opioid μ receptor or by antisense to the G i 2α G-protein subunit. These data suggest that [ d -Met 2 ]-FMRFamide produces its antinociception via an opioid interneuron.
Impact of Identification of Internal Mammary Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients

Background Accurate assessment of the internal mammary (IM) nodal basin can impact prognosis and treatment in breast cancer. The goal of this study was to identify characteristics associated with positive IM sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and the impact on adjuvant treatment.
Dual Origins of Mesoderm in a Basal Spiralian: Cell Lineage Analyses in the Polyclad Turbellarian Hoploplana inquilina

Abstract Evolutionary modifications in the origins and organization of the mesoderm represent significant events in the diversification of metazoan body plans. Within the Spiralia, mesoderm comprises ectomesoderm, which typically is generated by derivatives of the second and third quartets of micromeres, and endomesoderm, which is formed from the fourth quartet micromere of the D quadrant (4d). It has been held that endomesoderm generates the majority of adult mesodermal derivatives, while larval mesoderm is formed primarily from ectomesoderm. The evolutionary history of these mesodermal sources could be clarified by examining basal members of the Spiralia such as the polyclad turbellarians, whose embryos exhibit canonical quartet spiral cleavage. Using the fluorescent lineage tracer DiI, we show that larval mesoderm is derived from only two cells, one from the ventral embryonic quadrant (2b, the “mesectoblast” cell), and the other from the dorsal quadrant (4d, the mesentoblast cell). We compare these results with mesodermal origins in other spiralian phyla and conclude that a dual origin of mesoderm is a primitive feature of spiralian development. We also argue that ectomesoderm and endomesoderm should not be considered as the exclusive precursors of larval and adult mesoderm, respectively.
A model of human response to workload stress

When faced with decreased time to complete a task, operators often hold performance constant. When workload is excessive, this is not possible and operators may speed work and ignore errors or fail to finish the task. In this experiment, we forced a choice among policies by decreasing time allowed for a task until it could not be completed. Operators established a baseline time to perform a standard task, and times were decreased to 80%, 60%, 50%, 40%, and 30% of this baseline. Operators were able to decrease time per subtask by 20%, but no further decreases were observed as time demands increased. Errors remained constant over all conditions. The data support the view that increases in task demand produce increases in resources that are adequate for small demand increases but insufficient for great task demands.
"Going with the flow": a perspective on flow cytometry in gastroenterology.

In this perspective on the applications of flow cytometry in gastroenterology are described the use of flow cytometry in the study of normal physiology, in normal anatomy, and in premalignant and malignant conditions of the digestive tract. The basic principles and applications for cell counting, sorting, cell cycle analysis, and quantitation of cellular characteristics are addressed to emphasize the great potential and availability of flow cytometry.
The Relationship between Empathy and Personality in Undergraduate Students Attitudes toward Nonhuman Animals

[Abstract The majority of research investigating beliefs toward nonhuman animals has focused on vivisection or utilized populations with clear views on animal issues (e.g., animal rights activists). Minimal research has been conducted on what personality factors influence a nonclinical or nonadjudicated population’s beliefs about the treatment of animals. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of empathy and personality traits in attitudes about the treatment of animals in 241 undergraduate students. Results indicated that those with high levels of empathy held more positive attitudes toward animals and more negative beliefs about animal cruelty than those with low levels of empathy. Some differences in participants’ specific attitudes toward animals were found. Limitations and implications for future research are reviewed., Abstract The majority of research investigating beliefs toward nonhuman animals has focused on vivisection or utilized populations with clear views on animal issues (e.g., animal rights activists). Minimal research has been conducted on what personality factors influence a nonclinical or nonadjudicated population’s beliefs about the treatment of animals. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of empathy and personality traits in attitudes about the treatment of animals in 241 undergraduate students. Results indicated that those with high levels of empathy held more positive attitudes toward animals and more negative beliefs about animal cruelty than those with low levels of empathy. Some differences in participants’ specific attitudes toward animals were found. Limitations and implications for future research are reviewed.]
The adsorption of benzene on homogeneous substrates

Benzene adsorption on homogeneous substrates, estimating adsorption effect on thermal capacity
A PRACTICAL BLOOD BANKING SYSTEM TO MAINTAIN COMPLETE RECORDS FOR A TRANSFUSION SERVICE.

A system of blood banking as it relates primarily to a blood transfusion service is presented. It consists of three basic multipart forms; a BB1-Request Form, a BB2-Prescription-Receipt-Trans-fusion and Reaction Record Form, and a BBS-Donor Record and Inventory Form. It appears to be suitable for any size trans usion service and provides a practical scheme of obtaining complete blood banking records. The system serves as a means of establishing and maintaining good blood transfusion practices.
Attentional bias in adolescents with panic disorder: changes over an 8-day intensive treatment program.

Background: The present study evaluated attentional bias in adolescents diagnosed with panic disorder. Although a large body of research exists in the area of attentional bias in adults, this feature of panic disorder is not well understood in adolescents. Method: Twenty-five adolescents, aged 12-17, with a panic disorder diagnosis were included in the study. An emotional Stroop task was utilized to assess whether: (1) adolescents with panic disorder exhibit an attentional bias to panic-relevant stimuli; (2) this bias diminishes after completing a course of CBT; and (3) a specific attentional bias towards disorder-relevant stimuli exists. Results: An attentional bias to panic-relevant stimuli was found at pre-treatment but was no longer present following an intensive CBT intervention. Contrary to some findings in the adult literature, no significant differences were found between panic-relevant versus other threatening stimuli. Conclusions: These results suggest that adolescents with panic disorder, similar to adults, do exhibit an attentional bias towards panic-relevant stimuli, and treatment seems to normalize this cognitive process.
Affix raising and the level ordering hypothesis

Abstract The compositional structure of derived words like ungrammaticality constitutes a serious problem for level ordering theories of morphology that play a prominent role in Lexical Phonology. Pesetsky (1985) proposed an elegant solution to these apparent level ordering paradoxes which invoked a mechanism of Affix Raising to preserve level order. However, it is argued here that the Affix Raising account of level ordering paradoxes cannot be maintained: it is both too weak in its original form, and too strong when modified to accommodate clear cases of acceptability. Furthermore, it is argued that this attempt to maintain strict morphological level ordering is misguided, ant that, instead, lexical derivations can shift freely between morphological strata. Despite the rejection of strict morphological ordering, there remains strong motivation for the interleaving of morphological and phonological strata: Lexical Phonology does not fall with the fall of the rigid level ordering of word formation rules.
Effect of sodium metabisulphite on bronchial blood flow in conscious sheep: pharmacological modulation

Abstract 1. Sodium metabisulphite (MBS) can induce bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. We investigated the effects of MBS aerosol on bronchial blood velocity (Vbr) and pulmonary resistance in intubated conscious sheep. 2. Bronchial blood velocity was measured by implanting a 20 MHz ultrasonic Doppler flow probe on the common bronchial branch of the bronchoesophageal artery. 3. Inhaled MBS induced a dose-dependent, transient increase in Vbr lasting for a few minutes without any changes in aortic and pulmonary artery pressures. There was some tachyphylaxis of the Vbr response to successive inhalations of MBS. 4. The cholinoceptor antagonist, ipratropium bromide and the H1 and H2 histamine antagonists, chlorpheniramine and cimetidine, had no significant effect on MBS-induced increase on Vbr. The loop diuretic, frusemide, and the anti-inflammatory drug, nedocromil sodium, which both inhibit MBS-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma, were also without effect. 5. We conclude that MBS induces bronchial vasodilatation in conscious sheep, and that this effect is not dependent on the release of histamine or other mediators, or an activation of cholinergic pathways.
Glucose administration after traumatic brain injury exerts some benefits and no adverse effects on behavioral and histological outcomes

The impact of hyperglycemia after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and even the administration of glucose-containing solutions to head injured patients, remains controversial. In the current study adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were tested on behavioral tasks and then underwent surgery to induce sham injury or unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury followed by injections (i.p.) with either a 50% glucose solution (Glc; 2g/kg) or an equivalent volume of either 0.9% or 8% saline (Sal) at 0, 1, 3 and 6h post-injury. The type of saline treatment did not significantly affect any outcome measures, so these data were combined. Rats with CCI had significant deficits in beam-walking traversal time and rating scores (p's < 0.001 versus sham) that recovered over test sessions from 1 to 13 days post-injury (p's < 0.001), but these beam-walking deficits were not affected by Glc versus Sal treatments. Persistent post-CCI deficits in forelimb contraflexion scores and forelimb tactile placing ability were also not differentially affected by Glc or Sal treatments. However, deficits in latency to retract the right hind limb after limb extension were significantly attenuated in the CCI-Glc group (p < 0.05 versus CCI-Sal). Both CCI groups were significantly impaired in a plus maze test of spatial working memory on days 4, 9 and 14 post-surgery (p < 0.001 versus sham), and there was no effect of Glc versus Sal on this cognitive outcome measure. At 15 days post-surgery the loss of cortical tissue volume (p < 0.001 versus sham) was significantly less in the CCI-Glc group (30.0%; p < 0.05) compared to the CCI-Sal group (35.7%). Counts of surviving hippocampal hilar neurons revealed a significant (~40%) loss ipsilateral to CCI (p < 0.001 versus sham), but neuronal loss in the hippocampus was not different in the CCI-Sal and CCI-Glc groups. Taken together, these results indicate that an early elevation of blood glucose may improve some neurological outcomes and, importantly, the induction of hyperglycemia after isolated TBI did not adversely affect any sensorimotor, cognitive or histological outcomes.
Tracer diffusion coefficients of hydrogen at high concentration in b.c.c. host metal lattices

Abstract Measurements of tracer (self) diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in the body-centred cubic (b.c.c.) phase of TiHx for x = 0.57 and 0.70 are reported for the temperature range 620 K to 830 K. Experimental results obtained from the NMR pulsed field gradient spin echo technique, fit the relation D = D 0 exp ( − E a k B T ) , with Ea = 155 ± 10 and 147 ± 10 (meV atom− 1) and D0 = 7.8 ± 1 and (6.3 ± 1) × 10− 4 (cm2 s− 1), respectively, for x = 0.57 and 0.70. Diffusion parameters are compared with those of other b.c.c. transition metal hydrides. All have high diffusion coefficients for hydrogen which are decreased as the hydrogen concentration is increased. Although an increase in hydrogen concentration causes an increase in Ea over most of the concentration range, the maximum value of Ea does not exceed 190 meV atom− 1 for any system considered. In contrast, it is noted that most facecentred cubic (f.c.c.) transition metal hydrides have values of Ea that are higher by a factor of three or more and diffusion coefficients that are smaller by two or more orders of magnitude.
Oxygen-exchange reactions during CO oxidation over titania- and alumina-supported Au nanoparticles

Abstract Gold nanoparticles supported on titania and alumina were used as catalysts for CO oxidation. The oxidation of C 16 O (2 mol%) with 18 O 2 (2 mol%) in He at ambient temperature and 1.2 atm total pressure was performed in a single-pass, fixed-bed reactor. A mixture of CO 2 isotopomers was observed during oxidation over Au/TiO 2 and Au/Al 2 O 3 . However, no oxygen scrambling was observed in and between O 2 and CO. Moreover, no evidence for direct exchange between O 2 and CO 2 was found. Isotopic transient analysis of a switch between C 16 O 2 and C 18 O 2 showed that oxygen exchange occurred between the metal-oxide supports and CO 2 . Therefore, the CO 2 isotopomer distribution observed during CO oxidation could not be attributed solely to the oxidation reaction on Au. Comparison of the isotopic transients from 13 C and 18 O studies suggests the primary product of C 16 O oxidation with 18 O 2 is C 16 O 18 O. The presence of 0.16 mol% H 2 O co-fed with the reactants significantly promoted the rate of CO oxidation by factors of 2.5 for Au/TiO 2 and 10 for Au/Al 2 O 3 . Despite the promotional effect of H 2 O on the rate of oxidation, no significant differences in the level of oxygen exchange in the CO 2 were observed. In addition, the presence of H 2 O did not result in scrambling of oxygen in O 2 . Labeled oxygen found in the H 2 O exiting the reactor appeared to originate from 18 O associated with the CO 2 .
Convolutive forecasting at a hanging mercury drop electrode

Convolutive forecasting is a procedure which converts a non-steady-state voltammogram into a steady-state voltammogram. The procedure was found to be successful on a range of sphericities generated by varying the size of a hanging mercury drop and the potential sweep rate in a series of cyclic voltammetric experiments. Both theoretical and experimental analyses on a reversible electrochemical system were considered. An expression establishing the relationship between the radius of a spherical electrode and the potential sweep rate was developed to define the limits of the convolutive forecasting algorithm which was used.