cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NEDD4-1 Is a Proto-Oncogenic Ubiquitin Ligase for PTEN

The tumor suppressor PTEN, a critical regulator for multiple cellular processes, is mutated or deleted frequently in various human cancers. Subtle reductions in PTEN expression levels have profound impacts on carcinogenesis. Here we show that PTEN level is regulated by ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation, and purified its ubiquitin ligase as HECT-domain protein NEDD4-1. In cells NEDD4-1 negatively regulates PTEN stability by catalyzing PTEN polyubiquitination. Consistent with the tumor-suppressive role of PTEN, overexpression of NEDD4-1 potentiated cellular transformation. Strikingly, in a mouse cancer model and multiple human cancer samples where the genetic background of PTEN was normal but its protein levels were low, NEDD4-1 was highly expressed, suggesting that aberrant upregulation of NEDD4-1 can posttranslationally suppress PTEN in cancers. Elimination of NEDD4-1 expression inhibited xenotransplanted tumor growth in a PTEN-dependent manner. Therefore, NEDD4-1 is a potential proto-oncogene that negatively regulates PTEN via ubiquitination, a paradigm analogous to that of Mdm2 and p53.
In vivo Absorption Spectra of Euglena: Ghloroplast and Eyespot*

The in vivo absorption spectra of the chloroplast and eyespot of Euglena gracilis were obtained by microspectro-photometry. The average chloroplast absorption spectrum shows major peaks at 430-43S and 675-685 mμ. The fine structure details of chlorophyll a show peaks at 675, 685 and 695 mμ. The average eyespot absorption spectrum shows major absorption in the region of 460-490 mμ, and two additional peaks near 510 and around 530 mμ with lesser peaks at 430 and 630 mμ. Some of these same absorption peaks were obtained for the eyespot of E. granulata and the “hematochrome flecks.” The eyespot spectrum indicates that probably more than one ca-rotenoid is present and that a correlation exists between the eyespot absorption spectrum and the Euglena phototactic action spectra.
An Experimental and Analytical Study of Flash-Boiling Fuel Injection

Flash-boiling fuel injection is obtained by preheating liquid fuel within the injector so that the sudden decrease of pressure during injection causes rapid boiling of the fuel. Rapid expansion of the vapor phase may then atomize the liquid jet. Two distinct types of flash atomization were observed experimentally. First, at relatively low fuel temperatures the liquid jet remains intact for a short period after leaving the nozzle, then suddenly breaks up when rapid bubble growth begins. Second, at higher fuel temperatures, flash boiling within the injector orifice produces an underexpanded, compressible, two-phase flow. Sudden expansion immediately upon leaving the orifice yields large spray cone angles. An analytical model of vapor-bubble growth was applied to enhance understanding of the flash-injection process. Calculated time scales for bubble growth and delay times were found to be consistent with the above two flashing regimes at both low and high fuel preheat temperatures. Also an unfavorable trend toward suppressed bubble growth with increasing injection pressure was calculated.
Seventy Years of Aeropropulsion Research at NASA Glenn Research Center

This paper presents a brief overview of air-breathing propulsion research conducted at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) over the last 70 years. It includes a historical perspective of the center and its various stages of propulsion research in response to the country’s different periods of crises and growth opportunities. The GRC’s research and technology development covered a broad spectrum, from a short-term focus on improving the energy efficiency of aircraft engines to advancing the frontier technologies of high-speed aviation in the supersonic and hypersonic speed regimes. This paper highlights major research programs, showing their impact on industry and aircraft propulsion, and briefly discusses current research programs and future aeropropulsion technology trends in related areas.
The impact of statins on biological characteristics of stem cells provides a novel explanation for their pleiotropic beneficial and adverse clinical effects

Statins reduce atherosclerotic events and cardiovascular mortality. Their side effects include memory loss, myopathy, cataract formation, and increased risk of diabetes. As cardiovascular mortality...
Perchlorate-Free Pyrotechnic Formulations Utilizing Energetic Chlorine Donors: 1-CDN, 11-CDN, 13-CDN

Several novel materials were investigated as energetic chlorine donors, specifically for the preparation of perchlorate-free pyrotechnic formulations with low-smoke output. The novel compounds, 2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-5,5-dinitro-1,3-dioxane (1-CDN), 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)-5,5-dinitro-1,3-dioxane (13-CDN), and 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-5,5-dinitro-1,3-dioxane (11-CDN), were formulated with a variety of fuels and oxidizers and their resulting colored flames analyzed for color quality. The preparation and preliminary characterization of these energetic chlorine donors are described.
Molecular interactions in chloroform-diluent mixtures

Plausible stoichiometries for solvation and association complexes in binary mixtures of chloroform and one of six organic diluents (n-hexane, p-dioxane, acetone, diethyl ether, tri-n-butyl phosphate, or triethylamine) are examined parametrically. A range of stoichiometric assumptions based on hydrogen bonding are examined, but only a few such combinations yield statistically significant fits to the experimental vapor–liquid equilibria and NMR chemical shift data. Hydrogen bonding considerations and the “true” chemical species are much more important than nonspecific physical factors such as molecular sizes, shape differences, and regular solution terms. Thermodynamic equilibrium constants are presented for the most significant chloroform solvation complexes. Nonspecific dilution shift is important and more helpful in fitting NMR data than the assumption of a chloroform dimer. Physical effects and an orientation factor are used to predict excess enthalpy in chloroform/n-hexane mixtures where no solvation or association reactions occur. Model parameters are used to predict excess molar volumes and enthalpies. Commonly reported stability constants are concentration dependent.
Evaluation of cerebral metabolism and quantitative electroencephalography after hypothermic circulatory, arrest and low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass at different temperatures

Although widely used for repair of complex cardiovascular pathologic conditions, long intervals of hypothermic circulatory arrest and low flow cardiopulmonary bypass may both result in cerebral injury. This study examines cerebral hemodynamics, metabolism, and electrical activity to evaluate the risks of cerebral injury after 60 minutes of hypothermic circulatory arrest at 8° C, 13° C, and 18° C, compared with 60 minutes of low flow cardiopulmonary bypass at 18° C. Thirty-two puppies were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups and centrally cooled to the appropriate temperature. Serial evaluations of quantitative electroencephalography, radioactive microsphere determinations of cerebral blood flow, calculations of cerebral oxygen consumption, cerebral glucose consumption, cerebral vascular resistance, cerebral oxygen extraction, systemic oxygen metabolism, and systemic vascular resistance were done. Measurements were obtained at baseline (37° C), at the end of cooling, at 30° C during rewarming, and at 2, 4, and 8 hours after hypothermic circulatory arrest or low flow cardiopulmonary bypass. At the end of cooling, cerebral vascular resistance remained at baseline levels in all groups, but systemic vascular resistance was increased in all groups. Cerebral oxygen consumption became progressively lower as temperature was reduced: it was only 5 % of baseline at 8° C; 20% at 13° C; and 34% and 39% at 18° C. Quantitative electroencephalography was silent in the 8° C and 13° C groups, but significant slow wave activity was present at 18° C. Systemic vascular resistance and cerebral oxygen consumption returned to baseline values in all groups by 2 hours after hypothermic circulatory arrest or low flow cardiopulmonary bypass, but cerebral vascular resistance remained elevated at 2 and 4 hours, not returning to baseline until 8 hours after hypothermic circulatory arrest or low flow cardiopulmonary bypass. All but two of the long-term survivors (27 of 32) appeared neurologically normal; after hypothermic circulatory arrest at 8° and 18° C two animals had an unsteady gait. Comparison of quantitative electroencephalography before operation and 6 days after operation showed a significant increase in slow wave activity (delta activity) after hypothermic circulatory arrest and low flow cardiopulmonary bypass at 18° C, a change that suggests possible cerebral injury. Although undetected after operation by simple behavioral and neurologic assessment, significant differences in cerebral metabolism, vasomotor responses, and quantitative electroencephalography do exist during and after hypothermic circulatory arrest and low flow cardiopulmonary bypass at various temperatures and may be implicated in the occurrence of cerebral injury. The data from this study suggest that for an interval of 60 minutes, hypothermic circulatory arrest at 8° C or 13° C may provide cerebral protection superior to hypothermic circulatory arrest or low flow cardiopulmonary bypass at 18° C.
Ecological and evolutionary consequences of coastal invasions

Although coastal estuarine and marine systems are among the most heavily invaded systems in the world, the study of nonindigenous species in these systems has, historically, lagged behind that of terrestrial and freshwater systems. However, in the past decade, a rapid increase in studies of coastal invasions has provided important insight into the invasion process in these systems and how these invasions might differ qualitatively from invasions elsewhere. Based on new evidence for cryptic species invasions, hybridization among invaders and native species, impacts on multiple species and ecosystems, and the rapid and extensive geographical spread of invaders, it is clear that the ecological and evolutionary consequences of invasions in heavily invaded coastal habitats might be more extensive than previously realized. Although these studies have produced important new advances, many other areas remain relatively unexplored and are ripe for future investigation.
Nanoscale stabilization of sodium oxides: implications for Na-O2 batteries.

The thermodynamic stability of materials can depend on particle size due to the competition between surface and bulk energy. In this Letter, we show that, while sodium peroxide (Na2O2) is the stable bulk phase of Na in an oxygen environment at standard conditions, sodium superoxide (NaO2) is considerably more stable at the nanoscale. As a consequence, the superoxide requires a much lower nucleation energy than the peroxide, explaining why it can be observed as the discharge product in some Na–O2 batteries. As the superoxide can be recharged (decomposed) at much lower overpotentials than the peroxide, these findings are important to create highly reversible Na–O2 batteries. We derive the specific electrochemical conditions to nucleate and retain Na-superoxides and comment on the importance of considering the nanophase thermodynamics when optimizing an electrochemical system.
Environmental and genetic perturbations reveal different networks of metabolic regulation

Progress in systems biology depends on accurate descriptions of biological networks. Connections in a regulatory network are identified as correlations of gene expression across a set of environmental or genetic perturbations. To use this information to predict system behavior, we must test how the nature of perturbations affects topologies of networks they reveal. To probe this question, we focused on metabolism of Drosophila melanogaster. Our source of perturbations is a set of crosses among 92 wild-derived lines from five populations, replicated in a manner permitting separate assessment of the effects of genetic variation and environmental fluctuation. We directly assayed activities of enzymes and levels of metabolites. Using a multivariate Bayesian model, we estimated covariance among metabolic parameters and built fine-grained probabilistic models of network topology. The environmental and genetic co-regulation networks are substantially the same among five populations. However, genetic and environmental perturbations reveal qualitative differences in metabolic regulation, suggesting that environmental shifts, such as diet modifications, produce different systemic effects than genetic changes, even if the primary targets are the same.
Effects of parental origins and length of residency on adiposity measures andnutrition in urban middle school students: a cross-sectional study

Background The prevalence of obesity in U.S. has been rising at an alarming rate,particularly among Hispanic, African, and Asian minority groups. This trendis due in part to excessive calorie consumption and sedentary lifestyle. Wesought to investigate whether parental origins influence eating behaviors inhealthy urban middle school students.
The Effect of Different Cereals on the Composition of the Edible Portions of Cockerels

Abstract IN FINISHING chickens for market, they are often fed under special conditions for short periods with the object of improving the quality of the dressed carcass. This improvement is accomplished largely through the increased production of fat in the birds due to the special feeding practices used. The greater deposition of subcutaneous fat improves the appearance of the dressed carcass. The increase of fat in and around the muscles of the breast and legs improves the tenderness, juiciness, and flavor of those portions on cooking. Along with this deposition of muscular and subcutaneous fat, however, a large amount of fat is also laid down in the abdominal regions and this fat is not utilized completely by many consumers. For this reason, the distribution as well as the relative amount of fat in the bird is important in determining the quality of the dressed carcass. It follows, therefore, that it would . . .
Rhabdomyolysis featuring muscular dystrophies.

Abstract Background Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life threatening condition of various etiology. The association between rhabdomyolysis and muscular dystrophies is under-recognized in clinical practice. Objective To identify muscular dystrophies presenting with rhabdomyolysis at onset or as predominant feature. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data of patients with a genetically confirmed muscular dystrophy in whom rhabdomyolysis was the presenting or main clinical manifestation. Results Thirteen unrelated patients (males=6; females=7) were identified. Median age at time of rhabdomyolysis was 18years (range, 2–47) and median duration between the first episode of rhabdomyolysis and molecular diagnosis was 2years. Fukutin-related protein ( FKRP ) muscular dystrophy (n=6) was the most common diagnosis, followed by anoctaminopathy-5 (n=3), calpainopathy-3 (n=2) and dystrophinopathy (n=2). Four patients experienced recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Eight patients were asymptomatic and 3 reported myalgia and exercise intolerance prior to the rhabdomyolysis. Exercise (n=6) and fever (n=4) were common triggers; rhabdomyolysis was unprovoked in 3 patients. Twelve patients required hospitalization. Baseline CK levels were elevated in all patients (median 1200IU/L; range, 600–3600). Conclusion Muscular dystrophies can present with rhabdomyolysis; FKRP mutations are particularly frequent in causing such complication. A persistently elevated CK level in patients with rhabdomyolysis warrants consideration for underlying muscular dystrophy.
Impact of Trading Volume on Next Day Stock Returns in the DJIA 2007-2009

It is prevalent among investment analysts to use high trading volume as a positive selection condition. But the research findings in the finance literature are not clear on the predictive validity or even the direction of the impact of trading volume on future returns. One stream of research finds that high trading volume is associated with information asymmetry or differences in beliefs between traders, suggesting greater uncertainty in stock returns. A second stream of research finds that high trading volume is attributed to informed trading, suggesting greater certainty that stock returns will be maintained. A third stream of research, supporting the efficient market hypothesis, rejects the predictive validity of using historical information. These opposing viewpoints are evaluated by examining the behavior of the DJIA stock portfolio between the years 2007 to 2009. The analysis supports the findings of the “asymmetric information” hypothesis and has important implications with respect to investment strategies.
DesignSignatures: a tool for designing primers that yields amplicons with distinct signatures.

UNLABELLED For numerous experimental applications, PCR primers must be designed to efficiently amplify a set of homologous DNA sequences while giving rise to amplicons with maximally diverse signatures. We developed DesignSignatures to automate the process of designing primers for high-resolution melting (HRM), fragment length polymorphism (FLP) and sequencing experiments. The program also finds the best restriction enzyme to further diversify HRM or FLP signatures. This enables efficient comparison across many experimental designs in order to maximize signature diversity. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION DesignSignatures is accessible as a web tool at www.DECIPHER.cee.wisc.edu, or as part of the DECIPHER open source software package for R available from BioConductor. CONTACT kalin@discovery.wisc.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
STAT3 and SOCS3 regulate NG2 cell proliferation and differentiation after contusive spinal cord injury

NG2 cells, also known as oligodendrocyte progenitors or polydendrocytes, are a major component of the glial scar that forms after spinal cord injury. NG2 cells react to injury by proliferating around the lesion site and differentiating into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, but the molecular mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we tested the role of the transcription factor STAT3, and its suppressor SOCS3, in NG2 cell proliferation and differentiation after spinal cord injury. Using knockout mice in which STAT3 or SOCS3 are genetically deleted specifically in NG2 cells, we found that deletion of STAT3 led to a reduction in oligodendrogenesis, while deletion of SOCS3 led to enhanced proliferation of NG2 cells within the glial scar after spinal cord injury. Additionally, STAT3 and SOCS3 were not required for astrogliogenesis from NG2 cells after spinal cord injury. Interestingly, genetic deletion of STAT3 and SOCS3 did not have opposing effects, suggesting that SOCS3 may have targets other than the STAT3 pathway in NG2 cells after spinal cord injury. Altogether, our data show that both STAT3 and SOCS3 play important, yet unexpected, roles in NG2 cell proliferation and differentiation after spinal cord injury.
Editorial - Communicating Science in the Information Age

To cultivate a scientifically well-informed public, scientists, decision makers, journalists, and educators, among others, must speak to and break through people’s preexisting ideas and attitudes.
The Integral Extension of Isometries of Quadratic Forms Over Local Fields

Let F be a local field with ring of integers 0 and prime ideal π0. If V is a vector space over F, a lattice L in F is defined as an 0-module in the vector space V with the property that the elements of L have bounded denominators in the basis for V. If V is, in addition, a quadratic space, the lattice L then has a quadratic structure superimposed on it. Two lattices on V are then said to be isometric if there is an isometry of V that maps one onto the other. In this paper, we consider the following problem: given two elements, v and w, of the lattice L over the regular quadratic space V, find necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an isometry on L that maps v onto w.
Abstract 4152: Therapeutic targeting of the estrogen receptor in ovarian carcinoma by MEK inhibition

The regulation and function of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) by the ligand estrogen (ES) in ovarian tumorigenesis is not well established. Expression of ERα in ovarian carcinoma, like breast carcinoma, is regulated epigenetically and also via changes in growth-factor receptor signaling and intracellular signaling pathways, such as the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK). Numerous studies have documented an inverse relationship between MAPK activity and ERα expression. Oncogenic MAPK signaling can occur via mutation of K-RAS and B-RAF, which are not prevalent in ovarian carcinomas, and overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases such as HER2. The aim of these studies were to elucidate (i) the relationship between MAPK signaling and ERα expression, in a panel of ovarian carcinoma cell lines and (ii) the utility of PD0325901, a selective allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2, in sensitizing ERα expressing ovarian cancer to antiestrogen therapy. We compared ERα expression in a panel of 5 ovarian carcinoma cell lines (A2780, Hey, SKOV3, OVCAR8, IGROV) under physiologic and ES deprived conditions and also after treatment with PD0325901 by immunoblot analysis. The proliferation rate of all cell lines was reduced in E2-free conditions and the PI3K mutant SKOV3 cell line was most sensitive to ES deprivation. A2780 and SKOV3 (PTEN null and PIK3CA mutant, respectively) expressed ERα. The PTEN and BRCA1-null IGROV cells were MEK-dependent and hypersensitive to PD0325901, whereas SKOV3 cells were highly resistant, due to increased phosphorylation and cross-activation of HER2 by PD0325901. Unlike our previous studies in lung cancer, constitutive activation of PIK3CA /AKT did not predict resistance to MEK-inhibitors. Treatment of SKOV3 cells with PD0325901 was associated with increased expression of ERα and altered mobility by immunoblot analysis. These effects were not observed in A2780 cells that express low levels of ERα. Finally, the interaction of the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant and PD0325901 was also evaluated in ERα expressing SKOV3 and A2780 cells. A greater than additive cytotoxic effect was observed in SKOV3, while an antagonistic / minimally additive interaction was noted for A2780 cells that do not show changes in ERα expression after treatment with PD0325901. Our data support the utility of MEK-inhibitors as modulators of ERα expression and function in ovarian cancer cell lines. Ongoing studies will focus on delineating the mechanism of PD0325901-mediated changes in ERα in various histological subtypes of ovarian carcinoma (such as the clear cell carcinoma cell line SKOV3). This may identify subsets of ovarian cancers that may benefit from therapeutic intervention by estrogen antagonists in conjunction with MEK inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4152.
Fracture energy and tensile strength of silicon nitride at high temperatures

On a utilise des eprouvettes entaillees en chevron pour mesurer le travail de rupture a haute temperature de Si 3 N 4 presse a chaud. On examine l'influence de la vitesse de deplacement sur l'energie effective de rupture. La contrainte de pontage a l'interface des fissures est evaluee a partir de l'increment de resistance a la rupture en fonction de l'extension de la fissure, et elle est comparee a la resistance a la traction
The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire

The book under review here is about the League of Nations' mandates system. Following the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the victorious allies came to govern the former colonial territories of the...
165 ROLE OF INHIBITOR OF DIFFERENTIATION 2 (ID2) DURING MOUSE LUNG EMBRYOGENESIS.

Background The morphoregulatory molecules that drive lung development broadly fall into three classes. These include transcription factors, signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and receptors. The signaling molecules, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β play critical functions in determining the fate of target cells via signaling pathways involving inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins. Id proteins are negative regulators of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors that act as positive regulators of cell proliferation and negative regulators of cell differentiation. There is currently little to no information regarding the role of Id2 proteins in lung morphogenesis. Objectives To determine the role of Id2 during mouse lung embryogenesis by (1) characterizing Id2 mRNA and protein expression pattern in wild-type mice and (2) generating hypermorphic transgenic mice for Id2 to determine the phenotypic impact of Id2 overexpression. Design/Methods Pregnant wild-type C57BL/6 mice and newborn pups were sacrificed to obtain fetal lungs at designated gestational ages ranging between E12 and E18. Adult mouse lungs were also harvested. The lungs were used for mRNA, protein, and immunohistochemical analysis of Id2. Additionally, a transgenic mouse line was generated by first subcloning human Id2 cDNA into an SpC-promoter-driven expression vector followed by subsequent injection into single- to two-staged mouse embryos and reimplantation into pseudopregnant female mice. The offspring were then genotyped to establish expression of the Id2 transgene and lungs were harvested for histological analysis. Results Id2 mRNA expression in the developing lung increased from baseline levels at E12 to maximal at E15 through postnatal day 1 and subsequently decreased by adulthood based on RT PCR and Northern blot analysis of embryonic lung RNA extracts. In situ hybridization also showed that the spatial pattern of Id2 expression was localized to the distal tips of branching lung epithelium at E12. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a similar pattern of Id2 protein expression at E15. Conclusions The temporal and spatial expression of Id2 mRNA and protein in the developing mouse lung suggests that Id2 may play an important morphoregulatory role during lung embryogenesis. The molecular signaling between key signaling molecules that may regulate Id2 expression remains to be elucidated.Supported by grant 401379-VL-29516 (NICHD-sponsored K12 Award to UCLA Department of Pediatrics).
Health literacy level of Hispanic college students.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the health literacy levels of Hispanic college students. Methods Participants were students at a major Hispanic-serving university in the southwestern United States. The design was cross-sectional, and data were collected using the Newest Vital Sign in English. Analyses included frequencies and descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression, and χ(2)/Fisher exact tests. Results A total of 331 students participated. The overall Newest Vital Sign mean score was 5.1 (standard deviation 1.18); more than 90% (n = 299) obtained a score equivalent to an "always adequate literacy." A lower percentage than that found by a national survey scored at the "below adequate literacy" level. Language spoken at home was the only covariate that significantly affected test scores (P = 0.01). Conclusions The overall health literacy level of the participants was higher than the general Hispanic adult population. Investing in the education of Hispanics may help to address disparities in health literacy.
Extraosseous Multiple Myeloma Simulating Primary Prostatic Neoplasm

Abstract The first case of multiple myeloma presenting clinically with extraskeletal prostatic involvement simulating a primary prostatic neoplasm is reported. The clinical course, pathology, and serum and urine protein findings are discussed.
Differential calmodulin binding to three myosin-1 isoforms from liver

We have previously purified and characterized two myosin-1 isoforms from rat liver (molecular masses 130 kDa and 110 kDa; L. M. Coluccio and C. Conaty (1993) Cell Motil. Cytoskel. 24, 189-199). Here, we describe the purification and characterization from liver of a third myosin-1 (molecular mass 105 kDa) and determine the number of calmodulin molecules associated with each of these three myosin-1 isoforms. The 105 kDa polypeptide, solubilized from liver homogenates with the addition of ATP, co-sediments with F-actin, co-purifies with calmodulin, and binds calmodulin in the presence of EGTA. Antibodies directed against chicken intestinal brush border myosin-1 cross-react with the 105 kDa polypeptide on immunoblots. Partial peptide sequence analysis indicates that the polypeptide corresponds with an MM1 gamma gene product that represents a myosin-1 isoform cloned from mouse brain (Sherr et al. (1993) J. Cell Biol. 120, 1405-1416). A comparison of calmodulin binding to the now three isolated forms of myosin-1 in liver shows that in solution the 105 kDa and 110 kDa polypeptides bind two molecules of calmodulin each whereas the 130 kDa binds six molecules of calmodulin.
Endovascular treatment of aneurysms using fenestrated-branched endografts with distal inverted iliac limbs

Background/Objective Open aortoiliac grafts have typically been constructed with a short aortic bifurcation sewn near or to the visceral vessels to avoid limb kinking. Similarly, the majority of endovascular bifurcated stent grafts have short aortic main body ranging from 3 to 5 cm. In these patients, endovascular salvage with fenestrated stent grafts is technically challenging because of the short distance between the renal arteries and the flow divider of the graft. Custom fenestrated stent grafts can be extended into the prior open surgical graft or stent graft using a short distal bifurcated stent graft with inverted iliac limb for the contralateral gate. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients treated with fenestrated stent grafts coupled with inverted iliac limbs for salvage of failed open surgical and endovascular stent grafts. Methods The clinical data of three U.S. aortic centers that use fenestrated stent grafts was entered into prospectively maintained databases from 2011 to 2014. All patients received customized distal bifurcated devices constructed with a main body less than 70 mm and an inverted iliac limb to dock the contralateral gate. End points were technical success, 30-day mortality, type I or III endoleak, limb occlusion, and secondary reintervention. The Institutional Review Board of each institution approved the use of the modified graft, and each patient provided informed consent. Results There were 56 patients (41 male), with mean age of 75 years treated by fenestrated stent grafts using distal bifurcated devices with inverted iliac limbs. Forty-seven patients had a previous aortic repair with a short main body device, and nine had short distances between the native renal artery and aortic bifurcation requiring inverted limbs. A total of 184 visceral arteries were targeted by fenestrations. Technical success was 96.4% with no 30-day deaths. At a mean follow-up of 11 months, seven patients developed endoleaks, with one device migration, no occlusions, or other complications associated with the inverted limb. On the inverted iliac limb side, there were four complications. Two patients developed type Ib endoleaks treated by limb extension and angioplasty, and one patient developed distal limb ischemia secondary to embolization treated by thrombectomy. One additional patient developed a component separation of the inverted limb discovered with follow-up imaging treated with aortouni-iliac repair. Conclusions Patients with a short distance between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation can be challenging for endovascular treatment using currently available devices. The use of inverted limb custom devices avoids the need for aortouni-iliac repair with femoral-femoral bypass preserving antegrade perfusion. In the short term, rates of complication are similar to what has been reported for universal bifurcated devices with noninverted iliac limbs.
Getting to net zero energy building: Investigating the role of vehicle to home technology

Abstract 95 percent of American households own at least one car, and with the help of newly introduced Vehicle to Home technology, it is now possible for buildings, vehicles, and renewable energy sources to work together as a single techno-ecological system to meet the requirements of a net zero energy building. Vehicle to Home technologies use idle electric vehicle battery power as a grid storage tool to mitigate fluctuations from renewable electric power sources and to help supply backup power in the event of an emergency. This study aims to investigate the role of Vehicle to Home technology in satisfying the energy requirements for a net zero energy building. For this purpose, an optimization analysis is performed first to select the best design alternatives for an energy-efficient building under the relevant economic and environmental constraints. Next, solar photovoltaic sources are used to supply the building’s remaining energy demand and thereby minimize the building’s grid reliance. Finally, Vehicle to Home technology is coupled with the renewable energy source as a substitute for power from the grid. The results indicate that, with the help of this system, it is possible to not only lower the monetary value of the required grid electricity for such a building to zero in certain months of the year but also to earn money to compensate for the installation costs of solar panels and other technologies necessary for a net zero energy building, while grid electricity consumption for the rest of the year can still be effectively reduced by up to 68% compared to that of a conventional building design.
Controlled 2D Assembly of Nickel-Seamed Hexameric Pyrogallol[4]arene Nanocapsules

The two-dimensional framework of nickel-seamed hexameric metal–organic nanocapsules has been synthesized by connecting the tailed hydroxyl groups of C-propan-3-ol pyrogallol[4]arene with adjacent hexameric capsules via nickel-hydroxyl coordination. In addition, functionalization of nanocapsules with multiple pyridine molecules at the capsule surface prevents them from assembling into hierarchical structures and leads to the formation of discrete nickel-seamed pyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsules. This work shows that surface functionalization of nanocapsules is an effective and innovative method of controlling the assembly of these nanometric building blocks.
“I Feared for My Life”: Law Enforcement’s Appeal to Murderous Empathy:

This article utilizes critical discourse analysis (CDA) to examine discursive strategies used by police officers for justification and appeals for empathy for the murders of unarmed civilians, prim...
Inference for Density Ratio Model with Continuous Covariates

We have discussed different density ratio models for two-sample or multiple-sample problems in Chaps. 10, 11, 17 and 18. A natural generalization is to study a density ratio model for continuous covariates. In this chapter we discuss two approaches. (1) the pairwise conditional likelihood method to eliminate the baseline “carrier density” or nuisance parameters, and (2) the profile maximum likelihood method. Also we will consider conditional independent tests in general semiparametric models and in partially specified exponential graphical models with high dimensional parameters.
Gut microbiome diversity influenced more by the Westernized dietary regime than the body mass index as assessed using effect size statistic.

Human gut microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with the onset of metabolic diseases and disorders. However, the critical factors leading to dysbiosis are poorly understood. In this study, we provide increasing evidence of the association of diet type and body mass index (BMI) and how they relatively influence the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiota with respect to the causation of gut microbiome dysbiosis. The study included randomly selected Alabama residents (n = 81), including females (n = 45) and males (n = 36). The demographics data included age (33 ± 13.3 years), height (1.7 ± 0.11 meters), and weight (82.3 ± 20.6 kg). The mean BMI was 28.3 ± 7.01, equating to an overweight BMI category. A cross-sectional case–control design encompassing the newly recognized effect size approach to bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze data from donated stool samples and accompanying nutrition surveys. We investigated the microbiome variations in the Bacteroidetes-Firmicutes ratio relative to BMI, food categories, and dietary groups at stratified abundance percentages of <20%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and ≥70%. We further investigated variation in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla composition (at the genus and species level) in relation to BMI, food categories, and dietary groups (Westernized or healthy). The Pearson Correlation coefficient as an indication of effect size across Alpha diversity indices was used to test the hypothesis (H0): increased BMI has greater effect on taxonomic diversity than Westernized diet type, (Ha): increased BMI does not have a greater effect on taxonomic diversity than Westernized diet type. In conclusion, we rejected the (H0) as our results demonstrated that Westernized diet type had an effect size of 0.22 posing a greater impact upon the gut microbiota diversity than an increased BMI with an effect size of 0.16. This implied Westernized diet as a critical factor in causing dysbiosis as compared to an overweight or obese body mass index.
Multimodal Machine Learning: Integrating Language, Vision and Speech

Multimodal machine learning is a vibrant multi-disciplinary research field which addresses some of the original goals of artificial intelligence by integrating and modeling multiple communicative modalities, including linguistic, acoustic and visual messages. With the initial research on audio-visual speech recognition and more recently with image and video captioning projects, this research field brings some unique challenges for multimodal researchers given the heterogeneity of the data and the contingency often found between modalities.This tutorial builds upon a recent course taught at Carnegie Mellon University during the Spring 2016 semester (CMU course 11-777) and two tutorials presented at CVPR 2016 and ICMI 2016. The present tutorial will review fundamental concepts of machine learning and deep neural networks before describing the five main challenges in multimodal machine learning: (1) multimodal representation learning, (2) translation & mapping, (3) modality alignment, (4) multimodal fusion and (5) co-learning. The tutorial will also present state-of-the-art algorithms that were recently proposed to solve multimodal applications such as image captioning, video descriptions and visual question-answer. We will also discuss the current and upcoming challenges.
Capacitance-based nondestructive detection of aggregate proportion variation in a cement-based slab

Abstract This paper reports unprecedentedly capacitance-based nondestructive detection of aggregate proportion variation in cement-based materials. It uses the fringing electric field of a capacitor comprising a cement-based slab and two relatively small copper electrodes. The aggregate volume fraction increases from cement paste to mortar and to concrete, thus causing the apparent permittivity (high due to the fringing field) to decrease in the same order. Each slab consists of two regions with different aggregate proportions. The through-thickness and in-plane capacitances are measured using sandwiching and coplanar electrodes, respectively. To locate the interface, the capacitance is innovatively measured using a series of electrodes.
Mass Spectral Studies of the Biologically Active Stereoisomer Family of e,e,e-(Methanofullerene(60-63)-Carboxylic Acids

Fullerene-based compounds are being developed for an extensive range of biomedical applications, and may provide a completely new class of biologically useful reagents. In support of our continuing investigation and characterization of one such compound, e,e,e-fullerene(60)-63-tris malonic acid (1) we optimized the conditions for obtaining mass spectra. Both positive and negative ion mass spectra are obtained using electrospray ionization (ESI). However, the spectra are dramatically different in the different ionization modes. We studied the effect of solvent media, acid content as well as the concentration of the compound (1) on mass fragmentation pattern both in positive and negative mode. The best mass spectra were obtained when 1 was sprayed from a solution containing a weak organic acid added to aqueous methanol (1:1) in positive mode. We also analyzed the ion current as function of capillary voltage for selected ion. Fragment ions formed by the direct loss of carboxyl groups from the doubly-charged dimer occur for the loss of one, two and six carboxyl groups. Of these, the loss of one carboxyl is the most abundant. The dominant mechanism for the formation of singly-charged fragment ions arises from splitting of the doubly-charged dimers into singly-charged monomers with subsequent carboxyl losses.
Strategic interaction and institutional quality determinants of environmental regulations

Abstract We provide a framework that links the impacts of own and neighboring measures of institutional quality as well as neighboring country environmental regulations on environmental regulation stringency in own country. We estimate a Spatial Panel Durbin model to identify significant determinants of environmental regulations for several European countries. We find no evidence of strategic interaction as the environmental regulations implemented by a neighbor have no significant impact on environmental regulations implemented in the own country. The higher the quality of government institutions in a country, the more stringent the implementation of environmental regulations. Additionally, some institutional quality variables significantly positively impact the stringency of environmental regulations in neighboring countries.
Casework with Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Thorough psychosocial evaluation of patients done in advance of surgery is the basis for deciding the nature of therapy and of consultation to hospital personnel
Ab Initio Finite Temperature Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo

We present an ab initio auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo method for studying the electronic structure of molecules, solids, and model Hamiltonians at finite temperature. The algorithm marries the ab initio phaseless auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo algorithm known to produce high accuracy ground state energies of molecules and solids with its finite temperature variant, long used by condensed matter physicists for studying model Hamiltonian phase diagrams, to yield a phaseless, ab initio finite temperature method. We demonstrate that the method produces internal energies within chemical accuracy of exact diagonalization results across a wide range of temperatures for H2O (STO-3G), C2 (STO-6G), the one-dimensional hydrogen chain (STO-6G), and the multiorbital Hubbard model. Our method effectively controls the phase problem through importance sampling, often even without invoking the phaseless approximation, down to temperatures at which the systems studied approach their ground states and may therefo...
The Classical Banach Spaces

To this juncture, we have dealt with general theorems concerning the nature of sequential convergence and convergence of series in Banach spaces. Many of the results treated thus far were first derived in special cases, then understood to hold more generally. Not too surprisingly, along the path to general results many important theorems, special in their domain of applicability, were encountered. In this chapter, we present more than a few such results.
Channel Surfing: Creating Different Color Combinations from Multiple-Label Images

Mapping the distribution of more than one macromolecule in a tissue is now a relatively routine technique that uses multiple-label fluorescence (2,7) and one of several different digital imaging methods (9,10), including wide-field, confocal, deconvolution, or multiple-photon microscopy. Methods of specimen preparation continue to be refined, especially as new fluorescent probes are developed and become more widely available (6). A convenient method for displaying three grayscale images collected from the same region of a triple-labeled specimen uses the channels feature of the popular image manipulation program, Adobe Photoshop. Here, the three grayscale images are pasted into the red, green, and blue channels of a red/green/blue (RGB) image where they appear as a three-color merged image (7,8). For the method to be successful, the grayscale images should be collected from precisely the same region of the specimen so that they are in register with one another. Some shifting of the images relative to each other can be achieved in Photoshop to bring them back into register. It is preferable, however, to use both a microscope that collects three images at three different excitation wavelengths simultaneously and high-quality objective lenses (2). To glean the most information from combining the three grayscale images, one may resort to “channel surfing” using Photoshop. Here, grayscale images are simply rearranged within the channels of Photoshop to produce images with different color combinations. Images are subsequently viewed and printed using a digital color printer. They can then be compared, and the best one chosen that satisfies the criteria of scientific information along with the all-important aesthetic appeal. For our example of channel surfing, I have chosen a confocal image of a triple-labeled third instar Drosophila haltere imaginal disc. The imaginal discs are made up of pouches of cells at the time of larval hatching and are destined to form appendages such as the legs, the wings, the halteres, the genitalia, and the eyes. The halteres are the balance organs of the fly, located behind the wings, and are related to the wings by their development and their evolution (12,13). At the third instar stage of development, the imaginal discs are relatively flat epithelial sheets of cells. They are currently the subjects of much genetic and molecular dissection, which has greatly benefited from the improved resolution and image registration afforded by confocal imaging of multiply labeled specimens. The spatial distribution of up to three macromolecules has been mapped during development using this approach (3,8,12). Our specimen has been labeled with antibodies to three proteins using secondary antibodies labeled with rhodamine, fluorescein, and cyanine 5 (3) and imaged using a confocal laser-scanning microscope (Bio-Rad MRC1024; Bio-Rad
Immunobiology of Visualizable Brain Tumor Cells: Gamma Interferon Induces Changes in the Immune Environment in Each Compartment of Brain Tumor Spread

We have developed a rat model system that allows study of the cellular immune response to individual, visualizable brain tumor cells. The identifiable tumor cells grow and spread in ways that mimic the spread of human brain tumors. A single focal injection of a moderate dose of gamma interferon (IFN-g) was shown to change the immune environment in each anatomic compartment where tumor spread is seen: IFN-g increases entry of inflammatory cells across brain blood vessels. In addition, IFN-g increases expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by cells of the blood vessel walls, in the ependymal lining of the ventricles, and within the parenchyma proper. These effects of IFN-g were defined in tumor-free rats. Studies in progress are defining the effects of IFN-g on tumor growth in each anatomic compartment.
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: current patient selection and outcomes.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Ablation is an excellent treatment option for appropriately selected patients. Catheter ablation tools and techniques h...