cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale nuclear architecture mapping captures chromatin reorganization in epithelial cells undergoing malignant transformation

Malignant transformation of normal epithelial cells involves extensive epigenetic reprogramming that alters the structure of chromatin within the cell nuclei. We have shown that Fourier phase associated with nanoscale nuclear architecture mapping (nanoNAM) of epithelial cells based on Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) can capture the resulting changes in nuclear architecture via nanoscale-sensitive joint characterization of coherence-gated mean alteration in nuclear refractive index and its associated heterogeneity. Here, using computational modeling and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) based super-resolution imaging, we demonstrate the underlying structural changes of chromatin remodeling during malignant transformation in epithelial cells measured by depth-resolved nanoNAM.
Advanced understanding of gas flow and the Klinkenberg effect in nanoporous rocks

Abstract Gas flow in nanoporous rocks is closely relevant to several globally important energy and environmental issues, such as shale-gas production and CO2 subsurface sequestration. The Klinkenberg effect is critical to an understanding of gas flow, yet many specifics are unclear for nanoporous rocks. Here we investigated gas flow and the Klinkenberg effect in nanoporous rocks on the basis of a systematic study of gas permeability and diffusivity under a range of pore pressures and varying water saturations. We invalidated the use of the Klinkenberg equation for determination of intrinsic permeability and the Klinkenberg slippage factor on the basis of measurements in current laboratory conditions and propose a modified Klinkenberg equation for a more reliable determination of the slippage factor. We show that gas relative permeability is higher at higher pore pressures and that the Klinkenberg effect is more important in lower water saturations than in higher ones. The underlying mechanism of increased pore size after saturation was elucidated through neutron imaging on water distribution. In addition, we demonstrate that gas diffusivity better characterizes the diffusive gas flow than gas permeability and can be higher at higher pressures in either dry or partly saturated conditions. Finally, a characteristic pore-diameter index was derived on the basis of a new form of porosity–permeability relationship and was found to have a good correlation, which was previously lacking, with the Klinkenberg slippage factor for nanoporous rocks. Collectively, these new insights can advance the understanding of gas flow in nanoporous rocks and will have important implications on industrial applications.
Approaches to Repair of Penetrating Injuries of the Proximal, Mid, and Distal Esophagus.

INTRODUCTION Traumatic esophageal injuries represent less than 10% of traumatic injuries. Penetrating injuries represent an even smaller but more lethal percent. Esophageal injuries can be cervical, thoracic, or abdominal with decreasing frequency. Cervical and thoracic esophageal injuries represent >80% of these injuries and are more morbid. Morbidity and mortality are increased with delayed identification. Although diagnosis can be hard, management is similar despite location. CASES We present 3 cases of esophageal injuries to the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal esophageal segments with descriptions on diagnosis, repair, and management differences. DISCUSSION Despite low incidence of penetrating esophageal injuries, morbidity and mortality are extremely high, especially with associated injuries. Early identification and treatment is paramount. Anatomical knowledge is necessary for successful surgical management. Primary repair in 2 layers should be attempted whenever possible including musical closure with absorbable suture. Flaps, diversions, wide drainage, and feeding tube access should always be key surgical considerations. Flaps can include sternocleidomastoid muscle for cervical injuries, intercostal muscle, diaphragm, and pericardium for thoracic injuries and "Thal" gastric flaps for gastroesophageal junction and abdominal injuries. Successful identification and management can lead to increased survival.
Strategi Pembinaan Warga Gereja bagi Pemuda di GBI Eben Heazer

This study aims to determine the implementation and involvement of church members in the ministry of marturia to young people. This study uses qualitative research methods consisting of library research and grounded research, namely by taking theory based on literature and conducting interviews with eight resource persons consisting of three servants of God, two youth coaches, and three youth congregations. At GBI Eben Haezer. In the research conducted through several stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The research data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, namely by explaining the results of the analysis obtained from the interviews with the informants. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the formation of church members in the ministry of marturia to young people has an impact on young people in the involvement of young people in the ministry of marturia. Marturia services are carried out by young people both individually and in groups. The involvement of young people at GBI Eben Haezer in the ministry of marturia has a significant impact on spiritual growth and the addition of new souls to the youth congregation.
Towards An Adaptive Time-Triggered Protocol in Wireless Networks

Time sensitive activities occur extensively in industrial Internet of Things (IoT) environments, leading to the next generation of smart-world systems. Classical time-triggered protocols in wired networks, such as Ethernet, have been proven effective in supporting real-time and safety-critical communications. Along with the increasing use of wireless devices, designing wireless network protocols that handle the delivery of time sensitive activities becomes an important issue. Unlike the Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTE) protocol designed for wired networks, a time-triggered protocol tailored to wireless networks faces a number of barriers, such as unstable data transmission under high radio interference, high bit error rate, and limited computation and storage capabilities on IoT devices. In this paper, we introduce an Adaptive Time-Triggered Protocol (ATTP) for wireless networks. In particular, we design a dynamic repetition scheme that transmits replicated copies of one time-triggered data packet to ensure the reliability and low latency of data transmission. To minimize the overhead raised by the replication of packets, we dynamically select the necessary number of replicated copies according to the instantaneous quality of the connection link. To effectively utilize wireless resources, we also design a multi-class traffic scheduling scheme to handle three traffic types, time-triggered (TT) traffic that requires an absolute latency guarantee, event-triggered (ET) traffic that requires a relatively low latency guarantee, and best-effort (BE) traffic without any latency guarantee requirement. Via an extensive simulation study, we validate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving expected performance for time-triggered traffic with respect to latency, packet loss ratio, and overhead reduction.
Brain stem neuronal circuitry underlying the antinociceptive action of opiates.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the brain stem neuronal circuitry underlying the antinociceptive action of opiates. Opiates are the most potent and reliable analgesic agents. They are of great clinical value because their action on pain is selective: consciousness, motor function, and sensory function other than pain are spared at the usual analgesic doses. Opiates produce analgesia by an action at highly selective receptors located at specific anatomical sites within the central nervous system. The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are brain stem components of a network that controls nociceptive transmission at the level of the spinal cord. Opiates injected at the brain stem elicit analgesia at doses that are orders of magnitude lower than those required to elicit an equianalgesic effect by systemic administration. Cutting the spinal dorsolateral funiculus, which contains descending projections from the RVM, reduces the effectiveness of a given dose of systemically administered morphine. Injection of the opiate antagonist naloxone into the RVM reverses the analgesic effect of systemically administered opiates. Thus, the RVM and PAG contribute to the analgesic effect of systemically administered opiates.
Learning in intelligent information retrieval

Abstract Information retrieval (IR) systems are used for finding, within a large text database, those documents containing information needed by a user. The complex and poorly understood semantics of documents and user queries has made feedback and adaptation important characteristics of IR systems. In this paper we briefly survey previous research on machine learning in IR systems and discuss promising areas for future research at the intersection of these two fields.
Robustness of the Stolper-Samuelson Price Link

The Stolper-Samuelson theorem isolates conditions under which factor intensity determines the direction of factor price adjustments due to price changes in general equilibrium. The present chapter examines the robustness of this "intensity price link" under relaxations of its sufficient conditions, specifying parametric modifications of the comparative static model based on neoclassical production, competitive pricing, and full employment. To some extent, the intensity price link is robust to relaxations of its sufficient conditions.
Dynamically driven mantle flow and shear wave splitting asymmetry across the EPR, MELT area

[1] The southern East Pacific Rise exhibits profound asymmetries in its geophysical character, implying asymmetric melting and flow patterns beneath the plate boundary with inflow from the Pacific superswell region. Shear wave splitting is 0.5–1 seconds larger on the Pacific plate than the Nazca plate. As seismic anisotropy is a measure of mantle strain history, the shear wave splitting signature provides an important constraint on mantle flow patterns. Finite-element models of mantle flow using rheology that accounts for both dislocation and diffusion creep, coupled with calculations of mineral texturing and subsequent shear wave splitting predictions, show that either a model of dynamically driven flow or a passive thermal anomaly model can provide a reasonable fit to the observed asymmetric shear wave splitting. Dynamic flow produces a thicker anisotropic layer beneath the Pacific plate, while extending the melting region westward, simultaneously explaining shear wave splitting observations and the inferred asymmetric melt production.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Centromere Protein Slk19p Is Required for Two Successive Divisions During Meiosis

Meiotic cell division includes two separate and distinct types of chromosome segregation. In the first segregational event the sister chromatids remain attached at the centromere; in the second the chromatids are separated. The factors that control the order of chromosome segregation during meiosis have not yet been identified but are thought to be confined to the centromere region. We showed that the centromere protein Slk19p is required for the proper execution of meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In its absence diploid cells skip meiosis I and execute meiosis II division. Inhibiting recombination does not correct this phenotype. Surprisingly, the initiation of recombination is apparently required for meiosis II division. Thus Slk19p appears to be part of the mechanism by which the centromere controls the order of meiotic divisions.
Effects of Multisensory Speech Training and Visual Phonics on Speech Production of a Hearing-Impaired Child:

A single subject alternating treatments design was used to examine the effects of intensive multisensory speech training with and without the use of Visual Phonics hand cues on the speech productio...
Design suite for deeply embedded cyber physical systems

Many emerging applications are deployed in harsh environments and must operate dependably, efficiently and in real-time. This makes it essential to develop robust system designs before deployment. Thus, there is a tremendous need for a complete design suite for deeply embedded cyber physical systems that will enable the designers to model these systems to the desired level of abstraction, analyze the models and validate them. The main challenges involved in the design process are due to the complex interactions between communication, computing and the physical components in cyber physical systems. We discuss the problems faced in developing such a design suite and possible solutions to overcome them.
Laparoendoscopic single-site gastric bands versus standard multiport gastric bands: a comparison of technical learning curve measured by surgical time.

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate our learning curve comparing surgical time of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) banding with multiport laparoscopy. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data comparing our first 48 LESS bands with our first 50 multiport laparoscopic bands at our institution. We then compared the first 24 LESS bands with the last 24 bands. Results The average body mass index for the LESS group was significantly lower than for the laparoscopic group (43.19 vs 48.3; P P = .0055). LESS banding took significantly longer than our early traditional laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (76.85 vs 64.4; P = .0015). Conclusions We conclude that in experienced hands, single-incision banding is feasible and safe to perform. Long-term data are needed to prove that LESS banding is as good a surgery as traditional laparoscopic surgery.
Microstructural characterization of ice cores

In this paper, we outline the use of Raman spectroscopy coupled with scanning confocal optical microscopy for determining the microstructural location of impurities in ice-core specimens. We also demonstrate how the orientations of grains and the misorientations across grain boundaries can be determined to high precision for ice polycrystals using either selected area channeling patterns or electron backscatter patterns in a scanning electron microscope.
Building Capitalism: The Transformation of the Former Soviet Bloc

A most comprehensive empirical analysis of the economic transformation of the former Soviet bloc during the first decade after communism. It debunks many myths, seeing transition as a struggle between radical reformers and those thriving on rent seeking. People have gained from fast and comprehensive reforms, but several countries have gotten stuck in corruption. Economic decline and social hazards have been greatly exaggerated, since people have forgotten how awful communism was. Swift liberalization of prices and foreign trade, as well as rapid and profound fiscal adjustment, have been vital for growth, institutional reforms, legality and greater equity. Privatization has been beneficial, and its effects will grow over time. The main problem has been the continuation of unregulated and ubiquitous state apparatuses living on corruption, while no country has suffered from too radical reforms. Where malpractices of the elite can be checked, market reforms and democracy have proceeded together.
Evaluation of distributed environmental control systems for improving IAQ and reducing energy consumption in office buildings

Conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are incapable of providing control over individual environments or adjusting fresh air supply based on the dynamic occupancy of individual rooms in an office building. This paper introduces the concept of distributed environmental control systems (DECS) and shows that improvement in indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy efficiency can be achieved by providing required amounts of fresh air directly to the individual office spaces through distributed demand controlled ventilation (DDCV). In DDCV, fresh air is provided to each micro-environment (room or cubicle) based on input from distributed sensors (CO2, VOC, occupancy, etc.) or intelligent scheduling techniques to provide acceptable IAQ for each occupant, rather than for groups or populations of occupants. In order to study DECS, a numerical model was developed that incorporates some of the best available models for studying building energy consumption, indoor air flow, contaminant transport and HVAC system performance. The developed model was applied to a DECS in a model office building equipped with a DDCV system. By implementing DECS/DDCV and intelligent scheduling techniques it is possible to achieve an improvement in IAQ along with a reduction in annual energy consumption compared to conventional ventilation systems.
Planning for crisis on a psychiatric research ward: a task analysis.

Abstract The organizational structure of a psychiatric research ward facilitates its major tasks of data collection and clinical care. However, this structure also reflects the value conflicts inherent in pursuing both tasks. 1–4 Previous work has suggested that a ward's values and their conflicts may be highlighted during a crisis. 5 The research ward described in this article was planning for a crisis, a threatened "job action" by the nursing staff. This anticipated job action involved possibilities ranging from a nursing staff "sick out" to strike action. This article discusses the interaction of clinical care and research values in this planning process. On this psychiatric ward, where biological research is conducted with severely impaired patients, data collection cannot occur without good clinical care. However, the specific type of care offered is determined by many factors including task priority, available personnel, assumptions about the efficacy of various forms of treatment, degree of patient impairment, phase of hospitalization, research protocol involvement by the patient, and responsiveness of the patient to medication and psychotherapy. The major task of the ward is research, in which all patients voluntarily participate. Following completion of their research protocols, patients usually are ready for individualized rehabilitative treatment. A high staff to patient ratio permits staff to engage patients in group, milieu and family treatments. In the transition from research to rehabilitative treatment the patient's role evolves from a passive research subject to an active therapeutic collaborator. In planning for the anticipated job action, the patient role was limited to a passive one. The ward values and boundary decisions which led to the definition of a passive rather than active patient role are discussed in this article as a reflection of the ways in which the conflicts between research and clinical care may be resolved on a psychiatric research ward.
Thyroid Cytology Comes to Bethesda

As outlined, the Bethesda system for reporting gynecologic cytopathology (TBS) has been taken as a model for consensus building and reporting in thyroid-fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.1 The history of this process is reviewed in the article in this issue of the Journal by Cibas and Ali.2 In parallel with the evolutionary path taken by the gynecologic materials, the current effort has been the subject of an international conference, comment periods, and multiple iterations of a summary statement, as well as the anticipation of future meetings and refinements. All who work in the field of thyroid cytology will welcome this effort at standardization. As with past TBS initiatives, it involves not only cytopathologists, but also specialists in medical imaging and interested clinicians. The result is a patient care–oriented effort relevant to all who work in this area. Since much of this effort is hosted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI)—in this case headed by Andrea Abati, MD—the term TBS seems to have become generalized as an important imprimatur for consensus efforts in clinically oriented cytopathology. I am confident that we will come to call the various versions of this evolving document TBS-Thyroid (TBST). Largely of historic interest in most of our practices is a similar consideration of breast FNA.3 A key feature of this and other NCI summary statements in cytopathology is a clear effort to link reliable cytodiagnostic criteria to diagnostic terminology that accurately reflects outcome expectations that are, in turn, facilitated by consensus-derived patient management guidelines. I am pleased to have been asked to comment on the current iteration of TBST in this issue of the Journal . This framework document mirrors that of the text/atlas that has or will soon appear in print, as well as online. It is stylistically telegraphic and does not …
Activating effects of unsaturated and cyclopropyl groups in gas phase pyrolysis of acetates. Paper XVIII

The activating effects of a number of unsaturated groups and a cyclopropyl group have been evaluated in a solvent free system by determining the absolute rate constants, and energies and entropies of activation in the vapor phase pyrolysis of secondary and tertiary esters of the type RC(R′CH3) OAc where R′ = H or CH3 and R = c-Pr, i-Pr, CH3, CH2CH, CH2CHCH2, C6H5; the cyclopropyl showed only a moderate activating effect. The results are in contrast to the very significant activating effect of a cyclopropyl group in solvolysis of cyclopropylcarbinyl derivatives. Apparently marked activation by this group occurs only when a highly developed positive center forms adjacent to it. The lack of marked activation by the cyclopropyl group supports a mechanism for ester pyrolysis which involves a modest, but detectable, charge separation in the transition state [2] but questions a mechanism in which an intimate ion-pair was proposed [3].
Interorganizational relations in welfare agencies as rituals of Co-optation

Interorganizational relations among community welfare agencies are analyzed as an outgrowth of a legitimacy problem created by the funding of welfare agencies. Research in this area is reviewed and shows the importance of consensus among agencies, and a pattern of asymmetric relationships between agencies, with the smaller, weaker agencies being more involved in interagency relations than the larger agencies with more secure funding. It is argued that grant funding places normative demands on organizations that create legitimacy problems and that these problems, under certain conditions, lead to the process of ritual co-optation found in interagency networks.
Improved Cu ii Standard Wavelengths in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

Interferometric wavelength measurements of sixty-one copper spark lines in the region 2884 A to 1979 A have been carried out by means of a Fabry-Perot interferometer equipped with 4, 12, and 20 mm spacers. The light source used was a water-cooled hollow cathode Schuler tube operated principally with circulating helium but occasionally with circulating neon.The measurements were employed to establish the 4s and 5s even levels and 4p odd levels of Cu ii. After fixing these low levels, their values were combined with the grating measurements of Carter and Shenstone to establish the values of certain higher odd and even levels. Use was then made of the Ritz combination principle to calculate precise wavelength values of approximately sixty copper lines in the region between 1663 A and 984 A with estimated accuracies which varied from ±0.0003 A to ±0.001 A.
Measurement of retention efficiency of filters against nanoparticles in liquids using an aerosolization technique.

An aerosolization technique has been developed to measure liquid-borne nanoparticles down to 30 nm and applied to evaluate retention efficiencies of liquid filters. This technique involves dispersing nanoparticle suspensions into air-borne form and measuring the size and concentration by a differential mobility analyzer coupled to a condensation particle counter. Polystyrene latex particles larger and smaller than 70 nm in diameter were dispersed by a constant output atomizer, COA, and an electrospray aerosol generator, ES, respectively, to avoid the interference from residue particles. With the ES, residue particles can be controlled to be less than 10 nm, allowing latex particles as small as 30 nm to be clearly distinguished from the size distribution measurements. Calibrations with 30, 50, 125, and 200 nm latex particles showed that liquid-borne and air-borne particle concentrations are proportionally related. This provides an effective way to quantify liquid-borne particles as small as 30 nm, which ca...
Risk communication for catastrophic events: results from focus groups

Focus group methods are adapted here to address two important needs for risk communication: (1) to provide approaches to risk communication in very extreme and catastrophic events, and (2) to obtain risk communication content within the specific catastrophe area of chemical and biological attacks. Focus groups were designed and conducted according to well‐established protocols using hypothetical sarin and smallpox attacks resulting in a chemical or biological release in a confined public space in a transit system. These cases were used to identify content for risk communication information and suggest directions for further research in this area. Common procedures for conducting focus groups were used based on an initial review of such procedures. Four focus groups – two for each type of release – each lasted about two hours. Participants were professionals normally involved in emergencies in health, emergency management, and transportation. They were selected using a snowball sampling technique. Examples...
Les paysans, le marché et l'État en Anatolie au XVIe siècle

Peasants, Commercialisation, Legitimation of State Power in Sixteenth Century Anatolia. ; This article seeks to establish a relationship between the persistence of the subsistence economy of independent peasants and the nature of State power in the Ottoman Empire. Central to Ottoman political authority was a legitimacy concern or the need for the consensus of the ruled for the rulers. In the case of rural producers this consensus focused on the right to subsistence. It is argued here that more than the economic variables of high land labour ratios or fiscal considerations of the State that relied on peasant taxes as its primary source of revenue, political (administrative) and juridical interventions of the state largely accounted for the perpetuation of the peasant Household economy. This was true of periods of commercial expansion both prior to and after European demand for ottoman agricultural goods increased beginning in the 17th century. To substantiate this point, the article focuses on an empirical study of the peasant economy population and production trends, organization and relations of production in North-Central Anatolia during the sixteenth century.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE SLOW CRACK GROWTH PROCESS IN MIXED MODE FRACTURE

Abstract A non-linear finite element analysis of the process of non-self-similar crack growth has been made for a cracked specimen subjected to monotonically increasing biaxial and shear loading until the point of fast fracture is reached. The orientation and amount of crack growth are determined by the equivalent maximum opening stress criterion and the linear relation between plastic energy and crack size, respectively. The analysis is based on the incremental theory of plasticity with isotropic hardening. Numerical results of several cases are presented.
RELEASE OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE FROM UMBILICAL VEINS BY LOW DOSE HEPARIN USED IN INTRAARTERIAL INFUSIONS. † 890

Antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) protect tissues from injury by inactivating oxygen free radicals. Extracellular SOD (EC-SOD) is bound to heparan sulfate, a structural component of the vascular extracellular matrix(ECM). In adults, high doses of heparin (H) competitively release EC-SOD from the vascular matrix into the blood, where it is rapidly degraded. In our previous study we showed that a high dose of H (175 units/ml) releases SOD from umbilical veins. The purpose of this study is to determine whether SOD is released by a lower dose of H (1 unit/ml), routinely used for catheter patency.
Sensation Seeking and Narrative Transportation: High Sensation Seeking Children's Interest in Reading Outside of School

High sensation seekers (HSS) prefer messages that allow them to maintain an optimal level of arousal (i.e., highly arousing messages). Transportation theory suggests that narrative immersion in a story may moderate reader arousal, and thus HSS message selection. To test this idea, a survey was administered to 120 fourth and fifth graders. In addition to measuring sensation seeking and transportation, the survey assessed interest in reading outside of school (i.e., leisure reading). HSS were found to be less likely to engage in leisure reading. Consistent with the activation model of information exposure, a moderated mediation analysis revealed that whether HSS engaged in leisure reading hinged on their level of narrative transportation (moderator) and subsequent reader boredom (mediator). HSS who successfully transported while reading were no different than their low sensation seeking peers. From a genre standpoint, high sensation seeking children with high narrative transportation scores were found to be...
Computational study of shear-induced crystallization in polymers

Processing conditions play an important role in the structure-property relationship of semicrystaltine polymers. The temperature and the deformation rate history can affect the growth and nucleation rate of crystallization for a semicrystalline polymer. The flout and heat transfer during processing can be strongly coupled to the equations of material kinetics for the polymer. In this study, the effect of this coupling on the crystallization of a semicrystalline polymer is studied in a driven cavity under nonisothermal conditions. The transient analysis of the flow of a polymeric melt is modeled as a power law fluid with temperature dependent viscosity. Results are shown for the evolution of crystallinity and strain rate with time for various velocities of the moving plate and aspect ratios of the cavity for polyethylene, a fast crystallizing polymer. The importance of coupling the effects of shear-induced crystallization, flow, and temperature is shown.
Membrane distributions of two ligand-binding receptor complexes in the CLAVATA pathway

Genetic studies have suggested that transmembrane proteins CLAVATA1 (CLV1), CLV2, CORYNE (CRN), BAM1 and BAM2 all play a role in relaying the CLV3 signal and thus regulating stem cell homeostasis at the shoot meristem (SM). The extracellular domain of CLV1 was previously shown to bind the CLE peptide derived from CLV3, providing direct evidence that CLV3-CLV1 function as a ligand-receptor pair. How the other putative receptors function in the CLV pathway, however, remained unclear. We demonstrated in a recent Plant Journal article that the receptor-like protein CLV2 and the receptor-kinases BAM1 and BAM2 also bind to the CLV3 CLE peptide ligand with an affinity similar to that of CLV1. Critically, these ligand binding receptors form two distinct complexes in both transient expression in tobacco and in Arabidopsis meristem cells: a CLV2/CRN multimer and a CLV1/BAM multimer. Here we examine in detail the subcellular membrane partitioning for the receptor proteins in transient expression by two-phase partitioning and co-expression with known subcellular markers. All tested proteins measurably accumulate at the plasma membrane. While CLV1 primarily co-localizes with a plasma membrane marker, CLV2 shows greater co-localization with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker.
Physical and Serologic Properties of an Antigen Prepared from Erythrocytes of Horses with Acute Babesiosis

SYNOPSIS. By means of precipitation with protamine sulfate, a soluble antigen (PS) was obtained from erythrocytes of horses with acute babesiosis due to Babesia caballi and B. equi. This antigen reacted in gel diffusion tests with sera from horses recovered from acute babesiosis. The PS antigen was found to be muco-protein, susceptible to destruction by trypsin and taka-diastase. Analysis of the antigen by paper electrophoresis revealed 2 components which were not present in similar preparations made from erythrocytes of Babesia-free horses. When the PS antigen was heated in boiling water for 30 minutes, a serologically inactive precipitate was formed; however, the supernate remained serologically active and was termed boiled PS (BPS) antigen. This antigen was polysaccharide in nature; its serologic activity was destroyed by taka-diastase. In gel diffusion tests with sera of recovered horses, the PS antigen formed 2 lines of precipitation which coalesced in a single line formed between these sera and the BPS antigen. Both PS and BPS antigens reacted with sera of horses recovered from acute babesiosis in the gel-diffusion test, but not with sera of dogs and rats recovered from acute infection with Babesia canis and Babesia rodhaini, respectively. The serologic specificity of these antigens suggests that they might have application in the serodiagnosis of inapparent Babesia infections of equine animals.
Contribution of Active and Inactive States of the Human 5-HT4d Receptor to the Functional Activities of 5-HT4–Receptor Agonists

In the present study, binding affinities of 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 (5-HT4) ligands for the human 5-HT4d receptor were determined using the agonist [3H]5-HT and the selective 5-HT4 antagonist [3H]GR113,808. We also compared the affinity differences between [3H]5-HT binding (KH) and [3H]GR113,808 binding (KL) with their activities as 5-HT4 ligands. Binding studies using [3H]5-HT revealed that the human 5-HT4d receptor has two binding sites, whereas [3H]GR113,808 yielded a single binding site. Additionally, the number of [3H]5-HT binding sites decreased in the presence of guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS), but the number of [3H]GR113,808 sites did not change. In competitive binding assays, full agonists such as 5-methoxytryptamine and tegaserod showed 2- to 8-fold higher affinities for [3H]5-HT binding (KH) than for [3H]GR113,808 binding (KL) (KH KL). Finally, partial agonists displayed similar binding affinities for both radioligands (KH = KL). These findings suggest that the equilibrium between active and inactive states of the human 5-HT4d receptor relies on the functional activities of 5-HT4 ligands, and these states affect the affinities of 5-HT4 ligands in the competitive binding assay.
Circadian Response to Microwaves by Mimosa pudica L.

Summary In conjunction with exposures of corn and soybean seedlings to microwaves ( Jonas , 1979) seedlings and one year old branches of Mimosa pudica L. have been exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave fields at sunrise, noon, sunset and midnight. Sensitivity of the seedlings increased from sunrise to midnight as measured by petiolar folding and recovery and by the energy required to promote these. But the terminal leaf of one year old branches showed a slight increase of sensitivity at midnight against the rest of the 24 hr period. However the terminal mature leaf of noon irradiated branches began to gyrate rapidly in a circular motion after two impulses of microwaves. These gyrations could be repeated the next day with a slower pace. These observations are discussed in the context of Ca ++ , K + and Na + transport across pulvinar tannin and central vacuole membranes under the influence of microwave pulsed energy and its thermal and non-thermal expressions.
DC wander effect of DC blocking capacitors on PCIe Gen3 signal integrity

This paper discusses the impact of DC wander also called baseline wander resulting from AC-coupling on signal integrity in receive waveforms in AC-coupled serial bus links with focus on PCIe Gen3 signaling. Receive signal behavior from charging and discharging activities of AC-coupling circuit is studied for fundamental understanding of baseline wander and its effect through simulations of short and long channels from various aspects of PCIe Gen3 signaling and high speed serial links in general.
Costs and Demands International Sources of Dispute Challenges and Reciprocation

This research develops the concept of an international system cost as a necessary complement to the domestic cost component generated by Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman in War and Reason, published in 1992. The addition of such a cost to the decision calculus of leaders can persuade them to favor the status quo over the imposition of a likely attainable demand. Evidence is found supporting the significant constraining power of the international status quo as it relates to the dispute proneness of the system. Furthermore, the perception held by the international community about states committing initial acts of aggression varies from its perception of those who have been the targets of such aggression. This situational reality acts to confer dissimilar action costs on the imposition of demands relative to counterdemands.
A receptor-based model for dopamine-induced fMRI signal.

Abstract This report describes a multi-receptor physiological model of the fMRI temporal response and signal magnitude evoked by drugs that elevate synaptic dopamine in basal ganglia. The model is formulated as a summation of dopamine's effects at D1-like and D2-like receptor families, which produce functional excitation and inhibition, respectively, as measured by molecular indicators like adenylate cyclase or neuroimaging techniques like fMRI. Functional effects within the model are described in terms of relative changes in receptor occupancies scaled by receptor densities and neuro-vascular coupling constants. Using literature parameters, the model reconciles many discrepant observations and interpretations of pre-clinical data. Additionally, we present data showing that amphetamine stimulation produces fMRI inhibition at low doses and a biphasic response at higher doses in the basal ganglia of non-human primates (NHP), in agreement with model predictions based upon the respective levels of evoked dopamine. Because information about dopamine release is required to inform the fMRI model, we simultaneously acquired PET 11C-raclopride data in several studies to evaluate the relationship between raclopride displacement and assumptions about dopamine release. At high levels of dopamine release, results suggest that refinements of the model will be required to consistently describe the PET and fMRI data. Overall, the remarkable success of the model in describing a wide range of preclinical fMRI data indicate that this approach will be useful for guiding the design and analysis of basic science and clinical investigations and for interpreting the functional consequences of dopaminergic stimulation in normal subjects and in populations with dopaminergic neuroadaptations.
Photographic Photometry of a Flash Tube Using a High-Speed Streak Camera*

The General Radio Strobolux unit triggered by a Strobotac has been used extensively in this laboratory for visual threshold determinations. This photometric study was undertaken to provide information on the duration of the flash and the constancy of the total energy for successive flashes. By using a standardized ribbon filament lamp for a comparison source and four narrow pass filters, the total energy per flash in absolute units was found for four spectral regions. A high-speed camera developed by O’Brien was used for the photographic record. A narrow slit illuminated by the Strobolux was imaged on a strip of 16-mm Super-XX film carried on the inner circumference of a drum mounted on the shaft of a vertical motor. When the drum was driven at 10 800 rpm, the exposure time on the film was 0.236 µsec. The film was calibrated by exposing a standard lamp through a stepped slit on the same record. The peak luminance through a 550-mµ interference filter is 7660 c/cm2 of tube area. The duration of the flash is about 100 µsec with 90% of the energy delivered in 41 µsec.
Cytoarchitecture and neural afferents of orbitofrontal cortex in the brain of the monkey.

The orbitofrontal cortex of the monkey can be subdivided into a caudal agranular sector, a transitional dysgranular sector, and an anterior granular sector. The neural input into these sectors was investigated with the help of large horseradish peroxidase injections that covered the different sectors of orbitofrontal cortex. The distribution of retrograde labeling showed that the majority of the cortical projections to orbitofrontal cortex arises from a restricted set of telencephalic sources, which include prefrontal cortex, lateral, and inferomedial temporal cortex, the temporal pole, cingulate gyrus, insula, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and claustrum. The posterior portion of the orbitofrontal cortex receives additional input from the piriform cortex and the anterolateral portion from gustatory, somatosensory, and premotor areas. Thalamic projections to the orbitofrontal cortex arise from midline and intralaminar nuclei, from the anteromedial nucleus, the medial dorsal nucleus, and the pulvinar nucleus. Orbitofrontal cortex also receives projections from the hypothalamus, nucleus basalis, ventral tegmental area, the raphe nuclei, the nucleus locus coeruleus, and scattered neurons of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum. The non-isocortical (agranular-dysgranular) sectors of orbitofrontal cortex receive more intense projections from the non-isocortical sectors of paralimbic areas, the hippocampus, amygdala, and midline thalamic nuclei, whereas the isocortical (granular) sector receives more intense projections from the dorsolateral prefrontal area, the granular insula, granular temporopolar cortex, posterolateral temporal cortex, and from the medial dorsal and pulvinar thalamic nuclei. Retrograde labeling within cingulate, entorhinal, and hippocampal cortices was most pronounced when the injection site extended medially into the dysgranular paraolfactory cortex of the gyrus rectus, an area that can be conceptualized as an orbitofrontal extension of the cingulate complex. These observations demonstrate that the orbitofrontal cortex has cytoarchitectonically organized projections and that it provides a convergence zone for afferents from heteromodal association and limbic areas. The diverse connections of orbitofrontal cortex are in keeping with the participation of this region in visceral, gustatory, and olfactory functions and with its importance in memory, motivation, and epileptogenesis. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of male and female students who experienced success or failure in their first college science course

The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of success for male and female students in their first collegiate science course. The factors that were examined included the personality variables of persistence, future orientation, and the tendency toward reckless and rash behavior, as well as cognitive attributions for success and failure. In addition, two scales from the Omnibus Personality Inventory that focused on the direction of a student's academic orientation were examined for their relationship to science achievement. Level of success x gender ANOV As showed no interactions for cognitive attributions or for the direction of academic orientation. Interactions for persistence, reckless and rash behavior, and future orientation indicated that these factors were more important to the science success of women than to that of men.
Alterations in prostaglandin synthesis during senescence of human lung fibroblasts

Prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by human embryo lung fibroblasts in culture was determined with increasing population doubling. These cultures synthesized PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGI2 (prostacyclin) and TXA2 (thromboxane A2) in response to fetal bovine serum or ascorbic acid. Changes in prostaglandin synthesis by these cells during aging were observed in response to serum or ascorbic acid. These included a shift from the synthesis of PGI2 and PGE2 to TXA2 and PGF2 alpha and finally to PGF2 alpha alone. We also observed a marked increase during aging in the release of precursor fatty acid from lipid stores upon stimulation with ascorbic acid. A parallel decrease in the ability to convert the released fatty acid to prostaglandins was detected.
Prenatal ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) exposure produces electrocardiographic changes in the rat

The purpose of the present study was to determine if electrocardiographic (EKG) changes observed in fetuses exposed in utero to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) persisted beyond the fetal/neonatal period. Groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged on gestation days 7–13 (sperm = day 0) with 0, 50, or 75 mg/kg EGME. Body weight prior to delivery was reduced and gestation was prolonged in EGME-treated dams. EGME treatment reduced the percentage of pregnant dams that delivered, litter size, and pup weight. There were no survivors beyond 3 days of age in the 75 mg/kg EGME group. The number of litters surviving through weaning and weight gain of male and female offspring through 8 weeks of age were reduced in the 50 mg/kg EGME group. In this same group, heart weight was unaffected, but heart/body weight ratios were increased when rats were 8 weeks old. EKGs were obtained from unanesthetized and unrestrained rats at 3 and 6 weeks of age. Prenatal EGME exposure increased the QRS interval in 3- and 6-week-old rats, and increased the T wave in 6-week-old rats. Thirty-six and 54% of 3- and 6-week old litters, respectively, had one or more individuals that were classified as having an intraventricular conduction delay (double R wave and QRS interval of 14 msec or longer). No microscopic heart abnormalities were associated with the observed intraventricular conduction delay.
Multimedia content analysis and indexing: Evaluation of a distributed and scalable architecture

Multimedia search engines facilitate the retrieval of documents from large media content archives now available via intranets and the Internet. Over the past several years, many research projects have focused on algorithms for analyzing and indexing media content efficiently. However, special system architectures are required to process large amounts of content from real-time feeds or existing archives. Possible solutions include dedicated distributed architectures for analyzing content rapidly and for making it searchable. The system architecture we propose implements such an approach: a highly distributed and reconfigurable batch media content analyzer that can process media streams and static media repositories. Our distributed media analysis application handles media acquisition, content processing, and document indexing. This collection of modules is orchestrated by a task flow management component, exploiting data and pipeline parallelism in the application. A scheduler manages load balancing and prioritizes the different tasks. Workers implement application-specific modules that can be deployed on an arbitrary number of nodes running different operating systems. Each application module is exposed as a web service, implemented with industry-standard interoperable middleware components such as Microsoft ASP.NET and Sun J2EE. Our system architecture is the next generation system for the multimedia indexing application demonstrated by www.speechbot.com. It can process large volumes of audio recordings with minimal support and maintenance, while running on low-cost commodity hardware. The system has been evaluated on a server farm running concurrent content analysis processes.
Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome: Surgical Eradication of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Objective: We report the largest clinical experience to date of surgically treated patients with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS).