cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peroperative bladder injury during hysterectomy for benign disorders

The bladder is a common site of injury during hysterectomy for benign disorders 123. Investigations have shown that endometriosis and previous surgery such as cesarean section are risk factors, as well as some operative methods, for instance laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (23). However, few studies have focused primarily on bladder injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors for peroperative bladder injury during hysterectomy for benign disorders.
From Family to Friends: Does Witnessing Interparental Violence Affect Young Adults' Relationships With Friends?

Abstract Purpose Childhood exposure to violence in one's family of origin has been closely linked to subsequent perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence. There is, however, little research on the relationship between witnessing violence and subsequent peer violence. This study investigates the effects of witnessing interparental violence among Filipino young adults on their use and experience of psychological aggression with friends. Methods The data source for this study was the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Recent perpetration and victimization of friend psychological aggression among young adults ages 21–22 years was assessed through self-reports from the 2005 survey; witnessing interparental violence during childhood was assessed through self-reports from the 2002 survey. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the effects of witnessing interparental violence on subsequent use and experience of friend psychological aggression. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results About 13% of females and 4% of males perpetrated psychological aggression toward close friends, and about 4% of females and males were victims. Fourteen percent of females and 3% of males experienced bidirectional psychological aggression. About 44% of females and 47% of males had, during childhood, witnessed their parents physically hurt one another. Witnessing maternal and reciprocal interparental violence during childhood significantly predicted bidirectional friend psychological aggression among males. Among females, witnessing interparental violence did not significantly predict involvement with friend psychological aggression. Conclusions Violence prevention programs should consider using family-centered interventions, and apply a gendered lens to their application. Further research on gender differences in friend aggression is recommended.
Dynamic non-linear response of beams subjected to impact loads

Abstract A non-linear theory is presented for plane deformation of beams which allows for longitudinal stretching as well as for cross-sectional stretching and shearing. The exact strain measures for this theory are also deduced. The longitudinal and flexural motions are coupled in the theory. If the cross section is constrained from stretching, the resulting theory may be classified as a non-linear Timoshenko beam theory. The equations of the latter theory are used to study the motion of beams under impact loads.
A rheo-optical FTIR spectrometer for investigating molecular orientation and viscoelastic behavior in polymers

ABSTRACT A rheo-optical Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been developed by combining step-scan FTIR spectroscopy with elements of polarimetry and rheometry in order to investigate both deformation-induced morphology changes and orientation/relaxation dynamics of components within complex polymers. This versatile instrument can directly and sensitively measure quantitative infrared spectra at different temperatures and for different deformation modes. A complex, multiple-modulation/demodulation processing scheme is used to extract both absorbance and dichroism information from a single detector signal. Experimental results from a semicrystalline isotactic polypropylene and a thermoplastic polyurethane are reported in order to illustrate instrument capabilities.
Design models for unit load storage and retrieval systems using autonomous vehicle technology and resource conserving storage and dwell point policies

Computationally efficient design conceptualization models are proposed for automated unit load storage and retrieval systems based on autonomous vehicle technology. Vehicle and lift travel times and the probability distribution for 12 service scenarios occurring under realistic operating assumptions are formulated and used to generate expected transaction service times. Additional measures of system performance including transaction waiting time and vehicle utilization are formulated for systems using random storage and point-of-service-completion dwell point rules. The models provide a practical means of predicting key aspects of system performance based on five design variables that drive the majority of system costs. They are illustrated in the context of a conceptualization study adapted from an actual system installation.
Spontaneous resolution of peripheral arterial emboli: arteriographic demonstration.

It is not widely recognized that systemic arterial emboli can undergo spontaneous resolution. Three patients with systemic embolic disease had serial arteriographic documentation of complete or partial resolution of emboli to peripheral arteries. Spontaneous resolution should be considered when evaluating studies of fibrinolytic therapy in arterial embolic disease.
Antigen-presenting B cells: efficient uptake and presentation by activated B cells for induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against vesicular stomatitis virus.

Abstract We have evaluated the efficacy of mitogen (LPS/DxSO4)-activated B cells (B lymphoblasts) to function as antigen-presenting cells (APC) for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Our studies revealed that B lymphoblasts induced potent cytotoxic thymus (T)-derived lymphocyte (CTL) activity in VSV-immune splenic T cells depleted of adherent accessory cells. Dose-response curves indicated that B lymphoblasts were approximately 15–20 times more efficient APC than spleen cells for CTL induction against VSV. There was little evidence of reprocessing of viral antigens by the responder population because only CTL activity restricted to the parental haplotype of the B lymphoblast was generated following stimulation of VSV-immune F1 T cells. B lymphoblasts activated VSV-specific memory CTL which expressed the Lyt-l−23+, AsGM1+ phenotype without activating natural killer and/or lymphokine-activated killer cells. The ability of B lymphoblasts to function as efficient APC was not related to enhanced viral replication in these cells because potent VSV-specific proliferative and class I-restricted CTL responses were induced by B lymphoblasts infected with VSV rendered noninfectious by exposure to ultraviolet (uv) light. This indicates that activated B cells can efficiently process and present input virion protein. Purified splenic B cells that were not activated by mitogen stimulation did not function as APC for VSV even at high multiplicities of infection. The failure of B cells to function as APC for VSV was related to inefficient uptake of VSV and their inability to provide accessory cell signals required for T-cell proliferation; both these functions developed following mitogen stimulation. These data suggest that activated B cells may function as a potent APC population for virus independent of the specificity of their immunoglobulin antigen receptor.
A classical model for time- and frequency-resolved spectroscopy of nonadiabatic excited-state dynamics

Abstract Based on the framework of the classical electron analog due to Meyer and Miller, we outline a new classical formulation of the spectroscopy of nonadiabatically coupled electronic states. The time-dependent molecular correlation functions are expressed in terms of the classical dipole function that is the classical analog of the quantum-mechanical electronic dipole operator. Explicit expressions for cw absorption and for time- and frequency-resolved pump—probe spectra are derived. The capability of the classical method is illustrated by computational results for a four-mode model of the S2-S1 conical intersection in pyrazine. Comparison to exact quantum-mechanical calculations reveals that the classical model reproduces the qualitative features of the cw absorption and the time- and frequency-resolved spectra.
New triggers and non-motor findings in a family with rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism.

Background A woman from Italy presented with dystonic leg symptoms at the age of 59. Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) was not suspected until 3 affected children (2 male, 1 female) with presentations consistent with the disorder were recognized.
Processing induced morphological development in hydrated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer membranes

Abstract The development of morphological solid-state structures in sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers (acid form) by hydrothermal treatment was investigated by water uptake, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM). The water uptake and DMA studies suggested that the materials have three irreversible morphological regimes, whose intervals are controlled by copolymer composition and hydrothermal treatment temperature. Ambient temperature treatment of the membranes afforded a structure denoted as Regime1 . When the copolymer membranes were exposed to a higher temperature, AFM revealed a morphology ( Regime2 ) where the phase contrast and domain connectivity of the hydrophilic phase of the copolymers were greatly increased. A yet higher treatment temperature was defined which yielded a third regime, likely related to viscoelastic relaxations associated with the hydrated glass transition temperature (hydrated T g ). The required temperatures needed to produce transitions from Regime1 to Regime2 or Regime3 decreased with increasing degree of disulfonation. These temperatures correspond to the percolation and hydrogel temperatures, respectively. Poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer membranes with a 40% disulfonation in Regime2 under fully hydrated conditions showed similar proton conductivity (∼0.1 S/cm) to the well-known perfluorinated copolymer Nafion ® 1135 but exhibited higher modulus and water uptake. The proton conductivity and storage modulus are discussed in terms of each of the morphological regimes and compared with Nafion 1135. The results are of particular interest for either hydrogen or direct methanol fuel cells where conductivity and membrane permeability are critical issues.
Marked Phenylalanyl-tRNA Activity of Herpesvirus Type 2 Infected Preparations

SummaryBy means of co-chromatographic techniques using 3H- and 14C-labeled amino acids in appropriate reaction mixtures, it is possible to detect and compare tRNAs of herpesvirus type 2 infected with uninfected H. Ep. 2 cellular controls. Individual tRNAs are separated by reversed-phase Freon column chromatography. In terms of picomoles of amino acid accepted per phenylalanyl-tRNA peak, herpes virus type 2 infected preparations are 110 times more active than uninfected controls. In comparative experiments for 9 other amino acids tested there are either no differences or only 3- to 8-fold increases in activity by one system or the other. Possibilities as to the demand for phenylalanine by viral infected preparations are suggested but whether or not a different tRNA is coded by the virus is not known.Appreciation is expressed to Mrs. Donna Fisher and Mr. Arthur Livermore for excellent technical assistance. The work is supported by Grant E-423B of the American Cancer Society and by funds provided by the Amer...
AIDS-related glomerulopathy: Occurrence in specific risk groups

AIDS-related glomerulopathy: Occurrence in specific risk groups. The histopathology and incidence of AIDS-related glomerulopathy was evaluated by renal biopsy (N = 24) or at autopsy in 159 patients, including 131 adults and 28 infants and children with AIDS. Thirty-five patients had overt clinical manifestations of renal disease characterized by a nephrotic syndrome with focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSS). Fifteen patients had diffuse glomerular mesangial hyperplasia (MH) without or with minimal clinical renal disease and 109 had intact or minimally involved glomeruli. Whereas 15 of 30 (50%) i.v. drug users with AIDS had evidence of renal disease, only one of 53 (2%) homosexuals had clinical renal disease and only 6 (11%) had histologic evidence of glomerular pathology. The study confirms the important risk of i.v. drug use as a pathogenic factor of renal disease and shows a rarity of renal disease in homosexual or bisexual men with AIDS. On the other hand, 30% of adult Haitians with AIDS had FSS or diffuse MH, although i.v. drug use is not an important risk factor in this population. Moreover, eight of 28 (29%) children with perinatal AIDS had evidence of renal involvement, including four with a nephrotic syndrome and FSS. The data provide strong evidence for the existence of an AIDS-related glomerulopathy independent of i.v. drug use, but suggest that unrecognized co-factors may be important in the development of renal disease.
Problems with Late Preemption

In response to counterexamples involving late preemption, David Lewis (1986) revised his original (1973) counterfactual analysis of causation to include the notion of quasi-dependence. Jonardon Ganeri, Paul Noordhof and Murali Ramachandran (199 8 ) argue that their ‘PCA*-analysis’ of causation solves the problem of late preemption and is superior to Lewis’s analysis. I show that neither quasi-dependence nor the PCA*-analysis solves the problem of late preemption.
Localization of post-translationally modified α-tubulin and pseudocyst formation in tritrichomonads

The distribution of acetylated tubulin was investigated in members of the Tritrichomonadinae subfamily using a specific monoclonal antibody and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Species probed in this study were: Tritrichomonasfoetus, T. mobilensis, T. muris, and an unnamed tritrichomonad isolated from the cecum of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). Additionally, the distribution of glutamylated tubulin in T. muris was investigated using the GT 335 antibody to the glutamyl motif. Although acetylated α-tubulin was ubiquitously distributed throughout the axostyle and flagella of T. foetus and T. mobilensis, a distinct and unusual labeling pattern was observed in 'T. muris'-type or pseudocyst-forming trichomonads. In trophozoite stages of T. muris and the cotton rat isolate, flagella were intensely labeled, but acetylation of axostylar tubulin appeared to be limited to the anterior and posterior thirds. However, trophozoites labeled with an antibody to α-tubulin or glutamylated tubulin demonstrated no such discontinuity in axostylar staining. Additionally, pseudocysts labeled with anti-α-tubulin and anti-acetylated α-tubulin were all found to possess continuously fluorescent axostyles. That the mid-region axostyle remained unlabeled by anti-acetylated tubulin in trophozoites indicates possible deacetylase activity, which may have functional implications with respect to the life cycle. Glutamylated tubulin appeared to be distributed throughout the axostyle and flagella, which fluoresced brightly in T. muris.
Acute Effects of Static Stretching on Bench Press Power and Velocity in Adolescent Male Athletes

The purpose was to examine the acute effect of pre-exercise static stretching on barbell power and velocity during the bench press exercise. Forty male high school athletes performed 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) testing and were divided into either a static stretching (SS), or a no stretching (NS) protocol. Subjects performed 1 set of 3 repetitions of the bench press with 50% 1 RM as a warm-up. SS then performed a series of stretching exercises for the involved muscles. After completing either the bench press warm-up or the stretching protocol, subjects executed one bench press repetition at 85% 1 RM. After 24 hours, the groups switched protocols. Concentric mean barbell power and velocity were measured during the 85% lift. Stretching resulted in significantly lower mean power (NS=366.6±115.7 W, SS=282.7±111.4W) and mean velocity (NS=0.413±0.103 m×s−1, SS=0.302±0.086 m·s−1) when compared to NS. Static stretching has an acute detrimental effect on muscular performance.
Hybrid analytic and simulation models for assembly line design and production planning

Abstract Hybrid analytic and simulation models are used in solving complex problems in a variety of domains, but are less commonly used in production system design. This paper reviews hybrid approaches and their applications, proposes a new hybrid modeling class, and illustrates a cost function for selecting analytic or simulation modeling approaches via a problem solving process. To illustrate the new class, a case study is presented, in which a hybrid analytic and simulation modeling approach is used in designing a multi-stage, multi-buffer electronic device assembly line. Development of a robust integrated modeling support environment is proposed as a future direction.
Chimpanzees' Context-Dependent Tool Use Provides Evidence for Separable Representations of Hand and Tool Even during Active Use within Peripersonal Space.

Considerable attention has been devoted to behaviors in which tools are used to perform actions in extrapersonal space by extending the reach. Evidence suggests that these behaviors result in an expansion of the body schema and peripersonal space. However, humans often use tools to perform tasks within peripersonal space that cannot be accomplished with the hands. In some of these instances (e.g., cooking), a tool is used as a substitute for the hand in order to pursue actions that would otherwise be hazardous. These behaviors suggest that even during the active use of tools, we maintain non-isomorphic representations that distinguish between our hands and handheld tools. Understanding whether such representations are a human specialization is of potentially great relevance to understand the evolutionary history of technological behaviors including the controlled use of fire. We tested six captive adult chimpanzees to determine whether they would elect to use a tool, rather than their hands, when acting in potentially hazardous vs. nonhazardous circumstances located within reach. Their behavior suggests that, like humans, chimpanzees represent the distinction between the hand vs. tool even during active use. We discuss the implications of this evidence for our understanding of tool use and its evolution.
The RNA processing exosome is linked to elongating RNA polymerase II in Drosophila

The RNA polymerase II elongation complex contains several factors that facilitate transcription elongation and catalyse the processing of precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). The conserved elongation factor Spt6 is recruited rapidly and robustly to sites of active transcription. Here we show that Drosophila Spt6 (dSpt6) co-purifies with the exosome, a complex of 3' to 5' exoribonucleases that is implicated in the processing of structural RNA and in the degradation of improperly processed pre-mRNA. Immunoprecipitation assays of Drosophila nuclear extracts show that the exosome also associates with the elongation factor dSpt5 and RNA polymerase II. In vivo, exosome subunits colocalize with dSpt6 at transcriptionally active loci on polytene chromosomes during normal development and are strongly recruited to heat-shock loci on gene induction. At higher resolution, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows that the exosome is recruited to transcriptionally active units of heat-shock genes. These data provide a physical basis for the hypothesis that exosome-mediated pre-mRNA surveillance accompanies transcription elongation.
Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Gamma in Salivary Duct Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical Analysis of 15 Cases

Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive tumor of the salivary glands that has poor prognosis. There is no effective cure for this tumor. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor family with diverse biological functions that include mediation of adipocyte differentiation, regulation of the monocyte-macrophage anti-inflammatory activity, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Natural (prostaglandin J2, PG-J2) and synthetic (thiazolinediones) PPARgamma ligands with anti-proliferative agonist activity have been identified. The expression of PPARgamma has been demonstrated in human colorectal, pancreas, breast, and prostate cancers but has never been explored in salivary duct carcinoma. The aim of our study was to investigate the expression patterns of PPARgamma in salivary duct carcinoma, a finding that may provide a mechanism for treating patients with this highly aggressive tumor. Archival formalin-fixed tissues from 15 salivary duct carcinoma cases were analyzed for PPARgamma expression by an immunohistochemical staining method using a monoclonal antibody against the PPARgamma. The tissue sections were subjected to antigen retrieval by a steam heat method. All the cases of salivary duct carcinoma originated from the parotid gland. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed positive expression of PPARgamma in 12 (80%) cases, whereas 3 (20%) were negative. Of the positive cases, 9 (75%), 2 (17%) and 1 (8%) showed strong, moderate, and weak staining, respectively. All staining was cytoplasmic. Nuclear staining was not observed. We conclude that PPARgamma is frequently (80%) expressed in salivary duct carcinoma, often at high levels, and is topographically located in the cytoplasm. The high-level expression of PPARgamma may provide a potential molecular target for the treatment of salivary duct carcinoma using agonist ligands.
Confidence intervals for the number of unseen types

This paper finds the unique maximum likelihood estimator of, and conservative confidence intervals for, the unknown number of different coupons in the coupon collector's problem. This problem is also known as the problem of estimating the abundance of wildlife. The techniques developed here can be easily implemented, are valid without regard to sample size, and validate previous methods based on large sample theory when those methods apply.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide Is Decreased in Newborn Piglets with Pulmonary Hypertension Induced by Three Days of Hypoxia

Exhaled Nitric Oxide Is Decreased in Newborn Piglets with Pulmonary Hypertension Induced by Three Days of Hypoxia
Receptivity and the Will

The task of a broadly internalist approach to agency is to explain how an agent’s all-things-considered practical judgment has necessary implications for action. The approach faces its chief obstacle in two species of possible akratic break: between judgment and choice or intention, and between choice or intention and action. The standard internalist strategy for overcoming the obstacle is to argue that an agent’s all-things-considered judgment needn’t determine action in order to guide it, and that there would still be an ‘internal’ link between judgment and action if global akrasia were impossible. That would at least entail an important degree of necessitation: even if there is an akratic break in a given case, the agent couldn’t always be akratic.1 It is easy to feel the force of the intuition that global akrasia is impossible—but why? If global akrasia is impossible, it seems that must be because of some feature of the individual case. In what follows I focus on the individual case directly. I argue that the two species of akratic break are not importantly different: in each case the akrasia manifests a single species of irrational self-mistrust. I aim to vindicate internalism by showing how rational agency rests on our capacity for a kind of trusting receptivity to the verdict of judgment. To call the relation receptivity is to characterize it as fundamentally passive. To call it trusting receptivity is to ensure that the passivity is not incompatible with agency, since trust retains a crucial degree of control. I’ll argue that the best way to meet the externalist argument from akrasia is to abandon the assumption that the will must be a locus of activity. I’ll develop and defend the core of my account in sections I through IV and consider objections in section V. Throughout this discussion I’ll assume that the relations between judgment and choice (or intention) and between choice (or intention) and action unfold sequentially—as if the relation between
Let Specificity, Clarity, and Parsimony of Purpose Be Our Guide

The decisional rules embedded in presumptive guideline grids have achieved some of their drafters' objectives, but fall short of a ``rule of law'' for sentencing – a paramount goal of the sentencing reforms Marvin Frankel set in motion twenty-five years ago. The rule of law requires a reasoning process that moves from penal purpose to penal measure, by fair inference from relevant facts. Two-dimensional grid guideline schemes gain simplicity by reducing relevant facts to two – current offense and prior record. Even when judges are permitted to consider other facts, the presumptive guideline methodology obscures differences in the penal purposes sentencers ought to have in mind for cases falling into the same cell of a grid. In contrast, the rule of law requires fact-finding in the individual case, to reveal such differences and to test the plausibility of available penal measures. This elevates the relevance of offender characteristics and circumstances, including some that are held ordinarily irrelevant in the federal scheme and are of uncertain relevance in many state schemes. While this is most obvious when use of noncustodial penal measures is subjected to the rule of law, it is no less important when imprisonment is used. Disparate impacts should be avoided by more sophisticated deployment of correctional authority and resources, not by constriction of the rule of law governing the sentencing decision itself.
Using Community Mapping to Understand Family Planning Behavior

Traditional approaches to researching family planning in developing countries utilize surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, or some combination thereof. However, these methods are limited in their ability to measure community-level influences on family planning behavior. In this article, we assess the benefits of applying community mapping, a participatory research technique, to understand social and cultural influences on family planning in rural Ethiopia and Kenya. In gender-segregated focus groups, participants collaboratively created a map of their district or zone, which they subsequently used to anchor discussion of local supports, barriers, and targets for change. Qualitative analysis of the transcripts revealed that community mapping is a powerful tool with which to understand community-level factors that influence family planning. By facilitating reflection on and discussion of local assets and issues, the mapping exercise identifies relevant factors from the perspective of ...
Uncertain if-then rules based on mathematical conditionals

The modeling of uncertainty involved in production rules in expert systems is considered. A possibilistic approach to modeling of uncertainty in production rules of the form if...then is discussed. It is shown that conditional inference in possibility theory is compatible with the newly developed theory of measure-free conditionals. Thus, conditional events provide a foundation for possibilistic reasoning. The domain of applicability of possibility theory is outlined and the relation with probabilistic modeling is investigated. >
Contact Properties of Tin Plates

The low-load, dry circuit contact properties of typical tin plates have been investigated, with emphasis on the spherical indentor/flat configuration found in many connectors. The resistance was determined as a function of applied load for a variety Of plate combinations, as well as after exposure to a moist SO 2 accelerated corrosion test. The results Showed, among other things, that the contact behavior is critically dependent upon the properties of both halves of the contact system and that flats plated with matte tin behave better than those plated with bright tin.
Help seeking among victims of crime: A review of the empirical literature

The authors review the literature on help-seeking behavior among adult victims of crime. Specifically, they summarize prevalence rates for formal and informal help seeking and review predictors of and barriers to service use following victimization. Research suggests that only a small fraction of crime victims seek help from formal support networks; however, many seek support from informal sources. Several variables are associated with increased likelihood of formal help seeking, although the manner in which these variables affect reporting behavior is not clear. From this review, it is concluded that much remains to be learned regarding patterns of help seeking among victims of crime. Gaps in the literature and directions for future research are discussed.
Flexible information visualization of multivariate data from biological sequence similarity searches

Information visualization faces challenges presented by the need to represent abstract data and the relationships within the data. Previously, we presented a system for visualizing similarities between a single DNA sequence and a large database of other DNA sequences (E.H. Chi et al., 1995). Similarity algorithms generate similarity information in textual reports that can be hundreds or thousands of pages long. Our original system visualized the most important variables from these reports. However, the biologists we work with found this system so useful they requested visual representations of other variables. We present an enhanced system for interactive exploration of this multivariate data. We identify a larger set of useful variables in the information space. The new system involves more variables, so it focuses on exploring subsets of the data. We present an interactive system allowing mapping of different variables to different axes, incorporating animation using a time axis, and providing tools for viewing subsets of the data. Detail-on-demand is preserved by hyperlinks to the analysis reports. We present three case studies illustrating the use of these techniques. The combined technique of applying a time axis with a 3D scatter plot and query filters to visualization of biological sequence similarity data is both powerful and novel.
Simultaneous controller design for linear time-invariant systems

The use of generalized sampled-data hold functions (GSHF) in the problem of simultaneous controller design for linear time-invariant plants is discussed. This problem can be stated as follows: given plants P/sub 1/, P/sub 2/, . . ., P/sub N/, find a controller C which achieves not only simultaneous stability, but also simultaneous optimal performance in the N given systems. By this, it is meant that C must optimize an overall cost function reflecting the closed-loop performance of each plant when it is regulated by C. The problem is solved in three aspects: simultaneous stabilization, simultaneous optimal quadratic performance, and simultaneous pole assignment in combination with simultaneous intersampling performance. >
Mangrove vegetation on Abu Minqar island of the Red Sea

Before 1990, the Red Sea Governorate of Egypt was one of the least populated areas in Egypt, with activities limited to offshore oil exploration, phosphate mining, and fishing. Beginning in the ear...
Nanoscale design of ultrastrong materials by LBL assembly

The preparation of a high-strength and highly transparent thin-film nanocomposites via layer-by-layer assembly technique from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Na+-montmorillonite clay nanosheets is reported here. We show that a high density of weak bonding interactions between the polymer and the clay particles: hydrogen, dipole-induced dipole, and van der Waals undergoing break-reform deformations, can lead to high strength nanocomposites: ultimate tensile strength, sigmaUTS = 150 MPa and in-plane modulus of elasticity, E' = 13 GPa. Further introduction of covalent or ionic bonds into the polymeric matrix creates a double network of bonds which dramatically increases the mechanical properties to values as high as sigmaUTS = 400 MPa and E' = 110 GPa. The resulting nanocomposites can be applied as robust multifunctional coatings and free-standing membranes for micromechanical or microfluidic devices, biosensors, actuators, valves, and implantable biomedical devices.
Relationship between alcohol expectancies and length of abstinence among alcoholics anonymous members

Previous research has demonstrated a consistent relationship between alcohol expectancies (i.e., cognitive expectancies concerning the reinforcing effects of alcohol) and alcohol consumption patterns. To date, no study has examined the expectancies of recovering alcoholics who have attained extended abstinence. One hundred and fourteen Alcoholics Anonymous members were examined. Significant negative correlations were found between the recovering alcoholic's length of sobriety and many of the alcohol expectancy scales. In addition, 11 items from the Customary Drinking Record-Revised and 2 items from the Demographic Data Sheet were factor analyzed resulting in the retention of two factors, Quality of Life and Desire to Drink. These factors seemed to be tapping important dimensions in the alcoholic's recovery. Two alcohol expectancy scales were found to be significantly predictive of the Desire to Drink and Quality of Life factors that were used as criteria in multiple regression equations.
Work in progress - the software enterprise

Computer science and software engineering programs are in a constant struggle to update curriculum content and instructional methodologies so graduates are better prepared to enter today's fast-paced technology sector. Despite these efforts, the general perception of industry remains that new graduates are ill equipped to perform their duties when entering the marketplace. We find our students are often caught between the academic mission to learn the science and the need to find gainful employment when they complete their degree requirements. Our response to this dilemma is the introduction of a four-semester capstone project sequence dubbed "the software enterprise". The instructional methodology involves a combination of lecture, problem-centered learning, and project work to expose, practice, and apply concepts over short intervals. In this way, students understand not only the skills but also how they are applied. The length of the sequence ensures prolonged and repeated exposure to applied concepts. This work-in-progress paper presents our project sequence features
Doing Gender in the Bedroom: Investing in Gender Norms and the Sexual Experience:

People often believe that they must be consistent with gender norms to obtain others' approval. The authors believe people who invest in gender norms tend to base self-esteem on others' approval, which undermines their sexual autonomy and ultimately diminishes their sexual satisfaction in intimate relationships. A survey of 309 sexually active college students examined whether placing importance on conforming to gender norms undermines sexual relationships because of its link to basing self-worth on others' approval and decreased sexual autonomy. Using structural equation modeling, the authors found that valuing gender conformity (but not avoiding gender deviance) negatively affects sexual pleasure for both men and women through increased contingency on others' approval and restricted sexual autonomy. The model fit the data for both men and women.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity is required for T cell activation and induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase. However, a requirement for Cdk5 has been demonstrated only in postmitotic neurons where there is abundant expression of its activating partners p35 and/or p39. Although hyperactivation of the Cdk5–p35 complex has been found in a variety of inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders, the potential contribution of nonneuronal Cdk5–p35 activity has not been explored in this context. We describe a previously unknown function of the Cdk5–p35 complex in T cells that is required for induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation leads to a rapid induction of Cdk5–p35 expression that is required for T lymphocyte activation. Chimeric mice lacking Cdk5 gene expression in hematopoietic tissues (Cdk5 −/−C ) are resistant to induction of EAE, and adoptive transfer of either Cdk5 −/−C or p35−/− encephalitogenic lymphocytes fails to transfer disease. Moreover, our data reveal a novel mechanism involving Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of the actin modulator coronin 1a on threonine 418. Cdk5-deficient lymphocytes lack this posttranslational modification of coronin 1a and exhibit defective TCR-induced actin polarization and reduced migration toward CCL-19. These data define a distinct role for Cdk5 in lymphocyte biology and suggest that inhibition of this kinase may be beneficial in the treatment of T cell–mediated inflammatory disorders.
Mothers’ and Their Adult Daughters’ Perceptions of Their Relationship:

This qualitative study explores mother—adult daughter relationships through in-depth, individual interviews with 24 adult daughters and their mothers (N = 48). Using a life-course perspective, the authors examined the kinds of themes that emerged in each woman’s narrative and within each mother— daughter pair. Given the periods of adulthood under study, the authors expected and found themes reflecting complexity and ambivalence within the relationships. Themes related to intimacy and positive relationship qualities included generational continuity, closeness, emotional support, and family norms/values. Themes indicating autonomy and relationship difficulties— generational change, conflict, secrets, and maternal pressures—were also identified. Generational differences, as well as within-dyad divergence, were found most often in narratives about autonomy and relationship difficulties. The majority of mothers and daughters reevaluated their past relationship in light of their present ties. The place of narra...
Comparisons of Macrophyte Breakdown, Associated Plant Chemistry, and Macroinvertebrates in a Wastewater Dominated Stream

Replacement of native macrophyte species with exotic or invasive ones affects the quality of detritus entering streams and can alter nutrient cycles and community structure in aquatic ecosystems. Decomposition of air-dried native hardstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus), invasive southern cattail (Typha domingensis), and exotic common reed (Phragmites australis) were studied in an urban stream (Las Vegas, Nevada, USA) using litter bags. Samples were analyzed for dry mass, lignin, nutrients, trace elements, and macroinvertebrates. Litter type and sediment deposited on plant material influenced material loss. Trace elements arsenic and selenium increased in plant material to concentrations considered marginal for ecosystem contamination by exposure day 76. Mercury increases were inconsistent across plant species and did not exceed limits. Bulrush decomposed faster, and tended to have higher selenium concentrations, than did invasive southern cattail and exotic common reed. Macroinvertebrate communities colonizing litter bags were similar across plant litter types, but differed from mesh-only bags and samples collected with a kick-net. Macroinvertebrate exclusion resulted in significantly lower loss rates, but functional feeding groups such as shredders were not associated with decomposition differences. The caddisfly, Smicridea, physically modified stem material and aided in processing, but microbes appeared most important in biological material breakdown. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cumulant-based parameter estimation using neural networks

A two-level, three-layer artificial neural network to estimate the MA (moving average) model parameters based on second- and third-order cumulant matching is developed. The first level is composed of some RAM units that are used to control the synaptic connectivities of the second-level neurons. The second level is composed of three layers of linear weighted-sum neurons in which the weight parameters of any neuron represent the MA parameter to be estimated. Each second- and third-order cumulant is viewed as a pattern the neural network needs to learn, and a steepest descent algorithm is proposed to train the neural network. The main advantage of this approach is that it uses a parallel architecture to represent the problem and a parallel to perform the estimation. A simulation is performed to demonstrate the performance of the neural network approach. Extension to ARMA (autoregressive moving-average) parameter estimation is discussed. >
Gaseous Ammonia Treatment of Corn Silage for Dairy Cows

Abstract In two experiments corn silages were treated at harvest with urea, gaseous ammonia, or an ammonia-mineral solution and fed ad libitum as the primary forage to 72 lactating Holstein cows in midlactation for 9 to 11 wk. Recoveries of added nitrogen were high (85 to 99%) for all treatments except gaseous ammonia (48%) added in a field harvester. An improved method for addition of gaseous ammonia at the blower through an auger box was developed and tested. Water isoluble nitrogen, lactic acid, and pH in silages were highest for ammonia treatments, next for urea, and lowest for controls; they also were related directly to ammonia. Additions of ammonia and urea retarded increases in temperature and appearance of visible mold when silages were exposed to air, with amonia more effective than urea. Persistencies for milk were as high for cows receiving treated silages as for controls and were not depressed when added ammonia furnished over 30% of the total nitrogen of the ration. No consistent differences from treatments were in silage intakes, conversion of feed to milk, or changes in milk composition or body weight. Addition of gaseous ammonia to corn silage was as beneficial as other nonprotein nitrogen treatments, but retention by silage might be low.
Capstone Course Innovation: Bloomberg Professional Service.

This paper reports on the introduction of a curricular innovation in a required capstone course: namely the Business Policy and Strategy course in the School of Business at Adelphi University. The curriculum capstone courses have tended to primarily include business related case studies and business simulation exercises. Consequently, curriculum content innovation can be very difficult to implement. The School of Business was recently equipped with a proprietary Bloomberg professional system (BPS) lab as a resource for graduate and undergraduate finance majors. After a training session by one of the authors of this paper, a class assignment was conceived on how the BPS lab could be used in a capstone course without a major disruption of the existing course requirements. This paper described the assignment and presents the results of a survey conducted on the last class day on what the students thought of the BPS assignment which was entitled: “Adopt A Company.”
Efficient algorithms for maximum lifetime data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks

The rapid advances in processor, memory, and radio technology have enabled the development of distributed networks of small, inexpensive nodes that are capable of sensing, computation, and wireless communication. Sensor networks of the future are envisioned to revolutionize the paradigm of collecting and processing information in diverse environments. However, the severe energy constraints and limited computing resources of the sensors, present major challenges for such a vision to become a reality.We consider a network of energy-constrained sensors that are deployed over a region. Each sensor periodically produces information as it monitors its vicinity. The basic operation in such a network is the systematic gathering and transmission of sensed data to a base station for further processing. During data gathering, sensors have the ability to perform in-network aggregation (fusion) of data packets enroute to the base station. The lifetime of such a sensor system is the time during which we can gather information from all the sensors to the base station. A key challenge in data gathering is to maximize the system lifetime, given the energy constraints of the sensors.Given the location of n sensors and a base station together with the available energy at each sensor, we are interested in finding an efficient manner in which data should be collected from all the sensors and transmitted to the base station, such that the system lifetime is maximized. This is the maximum lifetime data gathering problem. In this paper, we describe novel algorithms, with worst-case running times polynomial in n, to solve the data gathering problem with aggregation in sensor networks. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform previous methods in terms of system lifetime.
Instability of simple sequence DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract All eukaryotic genomes thus far examined contain simple sequence repeats. A particularly common simple sequence in many organisms (including humans) consists of tracts of alternating GT residues on one strand. Allelic poly(GT) tracts are often of different lengths in different individuals, indicating that they are likely to be unstable. We examined the instability of poly(GT) and poly(G) tracts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that these tracts were dramatically unstable, altering length at a minimal rate of 10(-4) events per division. Most of the changes involved one or two repeat unit additions or deletions, although one alteration involved an interaction with the yeast telomeres.
Economic Aspects of Feeding for Milk Production

This study2 deals primarily with this problem: (1) By establishing the characteristics and implications of the milk production function implied in the dairy feeding standards and recommendations; (2) By studying the inconsistencies between the production function implied in feeding recommendations and (a) the economists general concept of production functions, and (b) the generally available experimental data and information; (3) By synthesizing some empirical milk production data consistent with (a) the economist's general concept of production function and (b) the generally available experimental data and information; (4) By illustrating the use of the resultant production function in practical feeding problems; (5) By pointing out other uses for the general approach presented.