cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and differentiation from methicillin-resistant strains

Eighty-eightStaphylococcus aureus clinical isolates meeting criteria for borderline oxacillin resistance (intermediate susceptibility or resistance to oxacillin but susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid upon disk diffusion testing) were studied to determine optimal test techniques and conditions for differentiating borderline oxacillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (BORSA) from methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Further testing revealed three distinct resistance patterns: 61 strains (69 %) consistently met BORSA criteria and had average beta-lactamase levels five- to six-fold higher than oxacillin-susceptible controls; 11 strains (13 %) were markedly heteroresistant MRSA with delayed appearance of resistant colonies leading to spurious susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; 16 strains (18 %) appeared to be oxacillin-susceptible on repetitive testing. Under conditions used to elicit intrinsic methicillin resistance inStaphylococcus aureus, a large percentage of BORSA appeared resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. This clearly shows that BORSA may be misidentified as MRSA while heteroresistant MRSA may appear to be BORSA. It is concluded that amoxicillin/clavulanic acid zone sizes should be measured after a full 24 hours of incubation, that susceptibility testing ofStaphylococcus aureus under certain environmental conditions should be interpreted with caution, and that MIC testing is the most reliable technique for differentiating these two resistance patterns inStaphylococcus aureus.
Platelet-mediated thrombosis in stenosed canine coronary arteries: Inhibition by nicergoline, a platelet-active alpha-adrenergic antagonist

The effects of nicergoline, a new agent that blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors and inhibits platelet phospholipase, were evaluated in a canine model of platelet-mediated coronary thrombosis. In 48 open chest dogs, the circumflex coronary artery was stenosed by plicating the artery wall with a suture. Thirty-four of the 48 dogs exhibited cyclic reductions in flow in the stenotic vessel, followed by a sudden return to control levels. The reductions in flow were unabated in all but two dogs after heparin administration (1,000 U/kg per h), unaffected by large doses of nitroglycerin and nifedipine and associated with platelet aggregates in the stenotic segment (demonstrated by histologic and electron microscopic examination). These observations support the conclusion that the flow reductions were caused by platelet aggregation rather than by fibrin deposition or vasospasm. Twenty dogs were monitored for 1 hour after heparin administration and then assigned to a control (n = 7) or nicergoline-treated (n = 13; 1 mg/kg intravenously) group. In control dogs, cyclic reductions in flow continued unchanged for another hour, whereas in the treated group they were markedly decreased in 1 dog and completely abolished in the other 12 dogs. Aspirin (30 mg/ kg intravenously) suppressed flow reductions in all control dogs, confirming the primary role of platelet aggregation in the phenomenon. This study provides a modified model of platelet-mediated thrombosis in stenosed coronary arteries. Furthermore, the results indicate that nicergoline can effectively interfere with platelet function in vivo. The potent antithrombotic activity exhibited by nicergoline might enhance the therapeutic usefulness of this vasodilator.
Marine invertebrates, model organisms, and the modern synthesis: epistemic values, evo-devo, and exclusion

A central reason that undergirds the significance of evo-devo is the claim that development was left out of the Modern synthesis. This claim turns out to be quite complicated, both in terms of whether development was genuinely excluded and how to understand the different kinds of embryological research that might have contributed. The present paper reevaluates this central claim by focusing on the practice of model organism choice. Through a survey of examples utilized in the literature of the Modern synthesis, I identify a previously overlooked feature: exclusion of research on marine invertebrates. Understanding the import of this pattern requires interpreting it in terms of two epistemic values operating in biological research: theoretical generality and explanatory completeness. In tandem, these values clarify and enhance the significance of this exclusion. The absence of marine invertebrates implied both a lack of generality in the resulting theory and a lack of completeness with respect to particular evolutionary problems, such as evolvability and the origin of novelty. These problems were salient to embryological researchers aware of the variation and diversity of larval forms in marine invertebrates. In closing, I apply this analysis to model organism choice in evo-devo and discuss its relevance for an extended evolutionary synthesis.
Isolation of the primary intracellular symbiote of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Abstract A method for isolating the primary intracellular symbiote of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is presented. The purity of the preparation, based on an area symbiote to area contaminant and a number to number basis, averages 93%.
Creating user‐centered instructions for novice end‐users

In response to the proliferation of information retrieval systems in academic libraries since the early 1980s, librarians have created many written search aids designed to help users learn how to search database systems. Written instructional material continues to increase in quantity and in importance with the rise of remote users and the advent of asynchronous distance learning. Since many users will have only written instructions to consult, it is crucial to determine the effectiveness of these materials. How useful are these instructions? Do people consult them? Do they help users make progress in their searches? There is a small but useful body of research on the effectiveness of both print and online search aids. This research points to the need to test materials on user groups. The findings from studies of novices using written instructions identify specific guidelines for creating effective materials.
Suitability Modeling of Lake Sturgeon Habitat in Five Northern Lake Michigan Tributaries: Implications for Population Rehabilitation

The availability of lotic spawning, staging, and nursery habitats is considered a major factor limiting the recovery of Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens )i n Lake Michigan. Despite efforts to better understand the population biology and habitat use of remnant Lake sturgeon stocks, little information exists on the quantity, quality, and spatial distribution of habitats for riverine life stages. We applied georeferenced habitat information on substrate, water depth, and stream gradient to a Lake sturgeon habitat suitability index in a geographic information system to produce spatially explicit models of life stage–specific habitat characteristics in the Menominee River, Michigan–Wisconsin; the Peshtigo, Oconto, and lower Fox rivers, Wisconsin; and the Manistique River, Michigan. High-quality Lake sturgeon spawning habitat associated with coarse substrates (‚2.1 mm) and moderate- to high-stream gradients (‚0.6 m/km) comprised 1–6% of the available habitat in each system. Staging habitat characterized by water depths greater that 2 m located near potential spawning habitat comprised an additional 17–41%. However, access to a majority of these habitat types (range 30–100%) by Lake sturgeon from Lake Michigan is currently impeded by dams. Highquality juvenile Lake sturgeon habitat associated with finer substrates, lower stream gradients, and a broad range of water depths (i.e., 0.5–8 m) was relatively ubiquitous throughout each system and comprised 69–100% of the available habitat. Our study suggests that efforts to rehabilitate Lake sturgeon populations should consider providing fish passage and creating supplemental spawning habitat to increase reproductive and recruitment potential.
TURBULENT DYNAMICS IN SOLAR FLARE SHEET STRUCTURES MEASURED WITH LOCAL CORRELATION TRACKING

High-resolution observations of the Sun's corona in extreme ultraviolet and soft X-rays have revealed a new world of complexity in the sheet-like structures connecting coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to the post-eruption flare arcades. This article presents initial findings from an exploration of dynamic flows in two flares observed with Hinode/XRT and SDO/AIA. The flows are observed in the hot ( 10?MK) plasma above the post-eruption arcades and measured with local correlation tracking. The observations demonstrate significant shears in velocity, giving the appearance of vortices and stagnations. Plasma diagnostics indicate that the plasma ? exceeds unity in at least one of the studied events, suggesting that the coronal magnetic fields may be significantly affected by the turbulent flows. Although reconnection models of eruptive flares tend to predict a macroscopic current sheet in the region between the CME and the flare arcade, it is not yet clear whether the observed sheet-like structures are identifiable as the current sheets or thermal halos surrounding the current sheets. Regardless, the relationship between the turbulent motions and the embedded magnetic field is likely to be complicated, involving dynamic fluid processes that produce small length scales in the current sheet. Such processes may be crucial for triggering, accelerating, and/or prolonging reconnection in the corona.
Self-Reported and Actual Beta-Blocker Prescribing for Heart Failure Patients: Physician Predictors

Background Beta-blockers reduce mortality among patients with systolic heart failure (HF), yet primary care provider prescription rates remain low. Objective To examine the association between primary care physician characteristics and both self-reported and actual prescription of beta-blockers among patients with systolic HF. Design Cross-sectional survey with supplementary retrospective chart review. Participants Primary care providers at three New York City Veterans Affairs medical centers. Measurements Main outcomes were: 1) self-reported prescribing of beta-blockers, and 2) actual prescribing of beta-blockers among HF patients. Physician HF practice patterns and confidence levels, as well as socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, were also assessed. Results Sixty-nine of 101 physicians (68%) completed the survey examining self-reported prescribing of beta-blockers. Physicians who served as inpatient ward attendings self-reported significantly higher rates of beta-blocker prescribing among their HF patients when compared with physicians who did not attend (78% vs. 58%; p = 0.002), as did physicians who were very confident in managing HF patients when compared with physicians who were not (82% vs. 68%; p = 0.009). Fifty-one of these 69 surveyed physicians (74%) were successfully matched to 287 HF patients for whom beta-blocker prescribing data was available. Physicians with greater self-reported rates of prescribing beta-blockers were significantly more likely to actually prescribe beta-blockers (p = 0.02); however, no other physician characteristics were significantly associated with actual prescribing of beta-blockers among HF patients. Conclusions Physician teaching responsibilities and confidence levels were associated with self-reported beta-blocker prescribing among their HF patients. Educational efforts focused on improving confidence levels in HF care and increasing exposure to teaching may improve beta-blocker presciption in HF patients managed in primary care.
Sexually dimorphic estrogen receptor α mRNA expression in the preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus of green anole lizards

Estradiol (E2) is important in activation of male reproductive behaviors, and masculinizes morphology of associated brain regions in a number of mammalian and avian species. In contrast, it is testosterone, rather than its metabolites, that is the most potent activator of male sexual behavior in green anole lizards. As in other vertebrate groups, however, E2 is critical for receptivity in females of this species. Aromatase, the enzyme which converts testosterone to E2, is more active in the male than female green anole brain, and appears to be actively regulated on a seasonal basis, suggesting some role for E2 in males. This study was designed to enhance our understanding of potential E2 actions by localizing and quantifying relative levels of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) mRNA in forebrain regions involved in masculine and feminine behaviors in anoles. These areas include the preoptic area (POA), ventromedial amygdala (AMY) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). In situ hybridization was conducted in adult males and females collected during both breeding and non-breeding seasons. ERα mRNA was expressed in each brain region across sexes and seasons. However, expression was up to 3 times greater in the VMH compared to the POA and AMY. In the POA and VMH, expression was higher in females compared to males, independent of season. The increased receptor expression in females is consistent with E2 playing a larger role in female than male reproductive behaviors.
A three-dimensional framework structure constructed from 2-(2-pyridyl-N-oxide) ethylphosphonic acid and Nd(III).

A multi-step synthesis for 2-(2-pyridyl N-oxide) ethylphosphonic acid 6-H2 is described along with its spectroscopic (IR, NMR) data and a single crystal x-ray diffraction structure analysis. Combination of the ligand with Nd(OH)3 results in the formation of a complex Nd(6-H)3. Single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis reveals a three-dimensional crystal network generated by hydrogen bonded chains along the crystallographic c axis. The hydrogen bonds are formed between phosphonic acid anion (6-H)-1 protons on one chain and pyridyl N-oxide oxygen atoms in neighboring chains. The asymmetric unit contains 1/3 [Nd(6-H)3] and there are two unique Nd(III) atoms, each with point symmetry. As a result, each Nd(III) ion is bound to six (6-H)-1 ligands and the symmetry about the Nd(III) ion is octahedral with each vertex occupied by a phosphonate oxygen atom. The Nd-O bond lengths are essentially identical: Nd(1)-O(3), 2.336 (1) ? and Nd(2)-O(4), 2.340 (1) ?. The monoanionic ligand (6-H)-1, therefore, serves to bridge the unique Nd(III) centers.
Potential impact on cardiovascular public health of over-the-counter statin availability.

Over-the-counter (OTC) statin availability has been hypothesized to represent a strategy for treating consumers at moderate risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) who are currently not receiving drug therapy. The viability of this strategy has been questioned, particularly with respect to the public health benefit that can be obtained in an unsupervised treatment environment. The previously reported Consumer Use Study of Over-the-Counter Lovastatin (CUSTOM) examined consumer behavior in a simulated OTC setting in which 20 mg lovastatin could be purchased. Framingham CHD risk scores were calculated for 981 self-selected consumers who used OTC lovastatin in CUSTOM. Overall, this group had a median 10-year CHD risk of 10%, but with significant numbers of consumers with estimated risks of 20%. According to the risk profile of CUSTOM consumers, the use of 20 mg lovastatin for 10 years would be expected to prevent approximately 33,100 CHD events per 1 million users. This represents a 10-year number needed to treat of 30 consumers. This optimal benefit may be reduced because some higher risk consumers in CUSTOM used lovastatin rather than appropriate, more aggressive supervised care. On the basis of the frequencies of diversion from optimal care observed in CUSTOM, the number of events prevented might be reduced to 23,000 (number needed to treat 43 consumers). Sensitivity analyses have demonstrated that these estimates are robust and that the predicted public health benefit likely falls in the range of 23,000 to 33,000 CHD events prevented per 1 million treated for 10 years. In conclusion, on a population basis, OTC statin availability is likely to result in clinically meaningful reductions in CHD morbidity and mortality. The analyses also identified opportunities for optimizing the use of OTC statins in the marketplace.
Biochemical adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine system in response to repeated stress

We have demonstrated previously that chronic administration of morphine, cocaine, or ethanol produces some common biochemical adaptations in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), components of the mesolimbic dopamine system implicated in the reinforcing and locomotor activating properties of these drugs of abuse. Because this neural pathway is also regulated by stress, and because stress has been shown to influence an animal's behavioral responses to drugs of abuse, it was of interest to determine whether repeated exposure to stress results in similar biochemical adaptations. By use of immunoblot analysis, we show here that a course of chronic “unpredictable” stress, like chronic drug exposure, increased levels of immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase and glial fibrillary acidic protein and decreased levels of immunoreactivity of neurofilament proteins in the VTA. Chronic unpredictable stress also increased levels of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity and decreased levels of immunoreactivity of the G protein subunit, Giα, in the NAc. These effects required long-term exposure to stress and were in most cases not seen in the substantia nigra and caudate-putamen, components of the nigrostriatal dopamine system studied for comparison. The biochemical effects of chronic stress in the VTA and NAc differed among three strains of rat studied. Fischer 344 rats were the most responsive in that they exhibited all of the aforementioned adaptations, whereas Lewis rats were the least responsive in that they exhibited none of these adaptations; SpragueDawley rats exhibited an intermediate number of responses. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that chronic exposure to stress results in biochemical adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine system that resemble the chronic actions of several drugs of abuse. These adaptations could contribute to the convergent behavioral effects induced by treatments that are mediated via the VTANAc pathway.
A social learning model of adolescent contraceptive behavior.

Central to an understanding of adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease prevention is the study of birth control use among teenagers. This paper critically reviews both recent research findings and dominant theories regarding adolescent contraceptive use. An alternative theoretical framework, one that relies on social learning theory, is offered. This framework uses three major components — environmental context, cognitive influences, and behavior execution constraints — as the foundation for understanding the learning and maintenance of contraceptive behaviors. First, environmental factors, such as the availability of role models, accurate sexuality education, and birth control services, are seen as supporting or inhibiting birth control use. Second, the importance of cognitive functions through which the external environment is viewed and which influence the adolescent's image of the consequences associated with contraceptive use are highlighted. Last, the actual behavioral skills teenagers need in order to use birth control successfully are considered.
ITER Model Coil tests overview: Nb3Sn strand properties in cable-in-conduit conductors

Abstract During the ITER Model Coil program two large coils and three insert coils were built and tested. The test campaigns provided very valuable data on the cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) properties. The tests showed that the Nb3Sn strands in CICC behave differently than so-called witness strands, which underwent the same heat treatment. The paper describes volt–temperature characteristics (VTC) and volt–ampere characteristics (VAC) measured in the tests, presents comparisons with the witness strands, and interprets the test results.
Configuration management in an open architecture system power system control

The hardware and software operating environments for power system automation are described. Software portability and distributed databases are discussed. It is seen that in order to configure a system of computing elements that share information in an open architecture environment, a common system manager with respect to configuration, database and failover must reside at the system level, with elements residing at each logical node. >
Putting Continuous Auditing Theory into Practice: Lessons from Two Pilot Implementations

ABSTRACT: In the almost twenty years since Vasarhelyi and Halper (1991) reported on their pioneering implementation of what has come to be known as Continuous Auditing (CA), the concept has increasingly moved from theory into practice. A 2006 survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers shows that half of all responding firms use some sort of CA techniques, and the majority of the rest plan to do so in the near future. CA not only has an increasing impact on auditing practice, but is also one of the rare instances in which such a significant change was led by the researchers. In this paper we survey the state of CA after two decades of research into continuous auditing theory and practice, and draw out the lessons learned by us in recent pilot CA projects at two major firms, to examine where this unique partnership between academics and auditors will take CA in the future.
Cathedrals, libraries and bazaars

The open source and open standards movements are sometimes confused and sometimes clash. This seems unfortunate as they are both vital to the growing acceptance of technology and have much to offer each other. Expanding on the metaphors offered by Eric Raymond in his paper "The Cathedral and the Bazaar," this essay describes the similarities and differences between the concepts of open source and open standards. Openness has a very different meaning as applied to software programs or technical standards. As this essay attempts to explain, the open source and open standards movements are most closely related by their desire to allow competition to thrive based on merit, not market dominance.
Lipid accumulation in muscular foci in White Carneau and Show Racer pigeon aortas.

Abstract Lipids were analyzed in straight portions of upper thoracic aortas and in muscular foci from celiac bifurcations of atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau and atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeons. Amounts of lipid in the upper thoracic aortas of both breeds were similar, and in each case the celiac cushion was found to contain significantly more lipid than the upper thoracic aorta. However, preatherosclerotic White Carneau pigeons had significantly more lipid in the celiac cushions than did Show Racer pigeons of the same age. Cells cultured from straight portions of the upper thoracic aorta of embryonic White Carneau pigeons contained significantly more lipid than those cultured from similar segments of Show Racer aortas. These results suggest that inherent factors in White Carneau aorta cells are responsible for lipid accumulation under conditions of physiological stress.
Investigation of dynamic nozzle parameters for various nozzle geometries and test conditions of an experimental half-size SF 6 puffer breaker

An experimental half-size puffer breaker with an insulating nozzle which is at rest during breaker opening has been used for measuring the distribution of dynamic pressure, electrical potential and ablation in the nozzle area. At the current levels used for the tests nozzle clogging can be expected. The effect of several nozzle configurations on the various measured properties has been determined for different initial pressures and magnitudes of current.
Code selection through object code optimization

Cet article montre comment une optimisation de code objet minutieux a simplifiee un compilateur et la rendu facile a recibler. Les compilateurs croises emettent un code comparable aux compilateurs specifiques vides
Functional Properties of Chemically Phosphorylated Whole Casein

Abstract The functional properties of unmodified whole casein were compared with those of casein that had been chemically superphosphorylated using phosphorus oxychloride at three different pH values. Casein modified at pH 5, 7, and 9 had an additional 3.30, 4.78, and 6.75mol of P bound/mol of casein, respectively, either as monophosphates when modified at pH 5 and 7 or as mono-, di-, and polyphosphates when modified at pH 9. Solubility studies indicated that the isoelectric point of the modified caseins shifted to the acid side of pH 4.6 as the amount of bound P increased. None of the modified caseins was as soluble in water at pH 7 as the unmodified control, and caseins modified at pH 5 and 7 had lower solubility than casein modified at pH 9. Compared with control casein, casein modified at pH 9 was more soluble in the presence of Ca 2+ , and caseins modified at pH 5 and 7 were less soluble. Superphosphorylated caseins had improved foam stability and poorer emulsion stability than the controls. Superphosphorylation of whole casein altered the ability of the casein to interact with its environment, as demonstrated by the changes in its functional properties, which could be of value in creating or improving food products.
Ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical molecular dynamics simulation of enzyme catalysis: The case of histone lysine methyltransferase SET7/9

To elucidate enzyme catalysis through computer simulation, a prerequisite is to reliably compute free energy barriers for both enzyme and solution reactions. By employing on-the-fly Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations with the ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach and the umbrella sampling method, we have determined free energy profiles for the methyl-transfer reaction catalyzed by the histone lysine methyltransferase SET7/9 and its corresponding uncatalyzed reaction in aqueous solution, respectively. Our calculated activation free energy barrier for the enzyme catalyzed reaction is 22.5 kcal/mol, which agrees very well with the experimental value of 20.9 kcal/mol. The difference in potential of mean force between a corresponding prereaction state and the transition state for the solution reaction is computed to be 30.9 kcal/mol. Thus, our simulations indicate that the enzyme SET7/9 plays an essential catalytic role in significantly lowering the barrier for the methyl-transfer reaction step. For the reaction in solution, it is found that the hydrogen bond network near the reaction center undergoes a significant change, and there is a strong shift in electrostatic field from the prereaction state to the transition state, whereas for the enzyme reaction, such an effect is much smaller and the enzyme SET7/9 is found to provide a preorganized electrostatic environment to facilitate the methyl-transfer reaction. Meanwhile, we find that the transition state in the enzyme reaction is a little more dissociative than that in solution.
Decent Termination: A Moral Case for Severance Pay

People are often involuntarily laid off from their jobs through no fault of their own. Employees who are dismissed in this manner cannot always legitimately hold employers accountable for these miserable situations because the decision to implement layoffs is often the best possible outcome given the context-that is, layoffs in and of themselves may be "necessary evils." Yet, even in circumstances in which layoffs qualify as "necessary evils," morality demands that employers respect the dignity of those whose employment is involuntarily terminated. In this paper I argue that to preserve the dignity of employees who are involuntarily terminated, in most cases employers have a substantial reason to offer a special kind of unemployment benefit, "severance pay." To support my claim I draw and expand upon Bernard Williams's analysis of "agent-regret," which I believe greatly helps to address and articulate employers' obligations in the context of involuntary termination.
Modeling of Particle-Particle Interactions in Porous Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this work, we present a mathematical model and associated experiments for describing the performance of porous electrodes under high rates of charge and discharge. By increasing the physical accuracy of porous battery modeling, we hope to enable improved design of cells for high-power applications, such as hybrid and plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles. The model includes an improved accounting of electron transfer between different-size particles or materials, including the conductive carbon additive, as well as a modified Bruggeman relation to handle liquid-phase ion transport through porous electrodes. Both types of resistance, electronic and liquid-phase ionic, are strongly coupled to particle properties, including size and volume-fraction distributions. The model is used to better understand the cause for decreased utilization of active material for relatively highly loaded lithium-ion cathodes at high discharge rates. It was found for Li x CoO 2 cathodes with loading around 1.6 mAh/cm 2 that voltage losses at 1C discharge rate are mostly governed by local interparticle resistances. At 5C discharge rate, diffusional resistance in the liquid electrolyte had the greatest influence on cell performance.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Polarity in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids

In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulation to explore the physical principles governing the polarity of room-temperature ionic liquids. We use the calculated absorption spectrum of the solvatochromic dye molecule betaine-30 as a proxy for polarity and characterize the solute-solvent interactions responsible for the solvatochromic shift. We analyze specific solute-solvent interactions and discuss the complications posed by the proximity of counterions in solution. We also explore the question of competition between solutesolvent and solvent-solvent interactions and find evidence supporting a recently proposed scheme for control of solvent polarity. Finally, we show that nonspecific electrostatic solute -solvent interactions are screened by the ionic solvent, dictating that the thermodynamic properties of solvation are determined by local interactions. However, thermal fluctuations create transient long-ranged solute -solvent interactions that could be important for chemical kinetics.
Chemical characterization by liquid chromatography of Moro blood orange juices

Abstract Moro variety blood orange juices from California and Florida were prepared in the pilot plant. Liquid chromatographic methodology was used for the separation, identification, and quantitation of sugars, nonvolatile acids, methoxylated flavones, flavanone glycosides, carotenes, and anthocyanidins. A photodiode array detector was employed to characterize the spectral properties of each class of compound. The chemical compositional data, with the exception of those on anthocyanin pigments, are consistent with those on other common sweet oranges. California-grown blood oranges generally have a distinctive deeper pigmentation than do those grown in Florida.
Effect of fresh bark media on phosphorus status of tomato plants1

Abstract Phosphorus status of tomato (cv Floradel) was determined in two experiments where plants were grown in fresh or aged softwood bark or a control medium (perlitetsand, 3:1). The P concentration of plants grown in fresh bark was lower than for those grown in other media. Highly significant correlation coefficients were obtained between growth and P concentrations. The results strongly suggest that growth depression of plants grown in fresh bark is due to bark‐induced P deficiency.
Electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia during ventricular paced rhythms

Exercise-induced electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are the most widely recognized noninvasive means for detecting myocardial ischemia. The specificity of these changes depends on the normalcy of the resting ECG. Right ventricular pacing produces major QRS and ST-T changes very similar to those of complete left bundle-branch block. They alter the resting ECG such that ischemic changes are considerably difficult to detect. Because of these resting abnormalities, ECG changes during treadmill exercise testing usually do not facilitate the diagnosis of ischemia or coronary artery disease. The following are two cases of ischemic ECG changes that occurred during right ventricular pacing. To our knowledge, there have been no reports of the classic ECG changes of ST-segment depression suggestive of ischemia which occurred during right ventricular pacing and which were discernible from the resting ECG changes.
Soil Physics with HYDRUS: Modeling and Applications

David E. Radcliffe, and Jiři Simůnek. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL. 2010. 388 pp. Hardcover, $99.95. ISBN 978-1-42007-380-5. As recognized in the 1980s by Gaylon [Campbell (1985)][1], the teaching of soil physics is ideally suited to the integration of numerical modeling
Striatum-dependent habits are insensitive to both increases and decreases in reinforcer value in mice

The mouse has emerged as an advantageous species for studying the brain circuitry that underlies complex behavior and for modeling neuropsychiatric disease. The transition from flexible, goal-directed actions to inflexible, habitual responses is argued to be a valid and reliable behavioral model for studying a core aspect of corticostriatal systems that is implicated in certain forms of psychopathology. This transition is thought to correspond to a progression of behavioral control from associative to sensorimotor corticobasal ganglia networks. Habits form following extensive training and are characterized by reduced sensitivity of instrumental responding to reinforcer revaluation; few studies have examined this form of behavioral control in mice. Here we examined the involvement of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum in this transition in the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain. We provided evidence that damage to the dorsolateral striatum disrupted habitual responding, i.e. it preserved sensitivity to changes in outcome value following either outcome devaluation or, shown for the first time in mice, outcome inflation. Together, these data show that instrumental responding in lesioned mice tracks the current value of a reinforcer and provide evidence that neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying habit learning in rats are preserved in the mouse. This will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of neural factors involved in decision-making and mechanisms of aberrant habit formation.
Nitric oxide regulation of monkey myometrial contractility

We evaluated the effect of the nitric oxide (NO) donor CysNO (S-nitroso-L-cysteine) and endogenous NO upon spontaneous contractility in non-pregnant cynomolgus monkeys. We also assessed the role of intracellular guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate ([cyclic GMP]i) as a second messenger for NO in monkey uterine smooth muscle. CysNO reduced spontaneous contractility by 84% (P<0.05) at maximal concentrations, and significantly elevated [cyclic GMP]i (P<0.05). However, increases in [cyclic GMP]i were not required for CysNO-induced relaxations; CysNO inhibited contractile activity despite the complete inhibition of guanylyl cyclase by methylene blue or LY83,583. Analogues of cyclic GMP had no significant effect upon spontaneous contractile activity. L-arginine produced a 62% reduction in spontaneous activity (P<0.05) while D-arginine had no effect. The competitive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) not only blocked L-arginine-induced relaxations, but also significantly increased spontaneous contractile activity when added alone (P<0.05); the inactive D-enantiomer of NOARG had no such effect. While both endogenous NO and the NO donor CysNO relax monkey myometrium, this effect is not causally related to CysNO-induced elevations in [cyclic GMP]i. The failure of cyclic GMP analogues to alter monkey uterine smooth muscle tension also argues against a role for [cyclic GMP]i in the regulation of uterine contractility. Not only do these findings argue for the existence of a functionally-relevant NOS in the monkey uterus, but increases in contractile activity seen in the presence of NOS inhibitors suggest a role for NO in the moment-to-moment regulation of contractile activity in this organ.
Analysis and modification of linear correlators for image pattern classification

The paper considers linear correlation filters used for image pattern recognition. First, the authors develop a statistical theory to predict the classification performance of a general class of correlation filters for wide sense stationary (WSS) clutter. This analysis includes as special cases the synthetic discriminant function (SDF), the minimum variance SDF (MVSDF), and the minimum average correlation energy (MACE) filters. Second, the authors develop a modified filter design applicable to nonzero mean noise; this latter case occurs in many applications where the magnitude image is used for classification. They compare the performance of several filters on synthetic radar imagery.
Testability features of a 32 kbps ADPCM transcoder

Motorola's MC 145532 ADPCM (adaptive digital pulse-code-modulation) transcoder described is a 16-pin CMOS VLSI application specific digital signal processor (DSP) that implements in full-duplex mode the ANSI (T1.301-1987) standard algorithm for 32-kb/s ADPCM. The application is illustrated of structured test techniques, such as scan path and signature analysis, which are used to enhance the testability of this VLSI signal processor. To perform in real time the numerous computations required by the algorithm, the MC 145532 contains a DSP engine that executes microcode instructions at a 10 MHz rate. The MC145532 was built using 1.5- mu m CMOS technology that has double-level metal capability. The size is roughly 145*210 mils with a transistor count of approximately 50 k transistors. >
« Réhabilitation, identité et appartenances : à propos d'un cas clinique »

A travers le recit clinique de la prise en charge d’un patient institutionnalise au long cours nous reflechissons sur le processus de rehabilitation en psychiatrie adulte. Apres une breve presentation de l’unite d’accueil (foyer de post cure pour patients psychotiques) et de ses axes de travail, nous presentons la naissance progressive d’une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire alliant travail infirmier, entretien individuel psychiatrique et travail psychanalytique de groupe. Enfin, en parcourant l’histoire du groupe en trois ans, nous suivons l’evolution du patient et emettons quelques hypotheses sur le lien entre habitat externe (espace institutionnel) et habitat interne (espace intra psychique).
Frequency of left ventricular dysfunction after electroconvulsive therapy

lation In Cardiomyopathy) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:111–118. 7. Zhang Y, Song Y, Zhu J, Hu T, Wan L. Effects of enalapril on heart rate variability in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:1045–1048. 8. Kamen PW, Krum H, Tonkin AM. Low-dose but not high-dose captopril increases parasympathetic activity in patients with heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1997;30:7–11. 9. Guedon-Moreau L, Pinaud A, Logier R, Caron J, Lekieffre J, Dupuis B, Libersa CH. Effect of ramipril on heart rate variability in digitalis-treated patients with chronic heart failure. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1997;11:531–536. 10. Mortara A, La Rovere MT, Pinna GD, Maestri R, Capomolla S, Cobelli F. Non selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, carvedilol, improves arterial baroflex gain and heart rate variability in patients with stable chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:1612–1618. 11. Lin LY, Jin JL, Du CC, Lai LP, Tseng YZ, Muang SV. Reversal of deteriorated fractal behavior of heart rate variability with beta-blocker therapy in patients with advanced congestive heart failure. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001;12:33–35. 12. Korkmaz ME, Muderrisoglu H, Ulucam M, Ozin B. Effects of spironolactone on heart rate variability and left ventricular systolic function in severe ischemic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2000;86:649–653. 13. Yee KM, Springle SD, Struthers AD. Circadian variations in the effects of aldosterone blockade on heart rate variability and QT dispersion in congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1800–1807.
THE USE OF BROKER VOTES TO REWARD BROKERAGE FIRMS' AND THEIR ANALYSTS' RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

In traditional markets, the price mechanism directs the flow of resources and governs the process through which supply and demand are brought into equilibrium. In the investment-research industry, broker votes perform these functions. Using detailed clinical data from a midsized investment bank for the years 2004 to 2007, we present evidence that institutional investors use broker votes to budget future aggregate commission payments across brokerage firms; that these votes are responsive to actions that brokerage-house analysts take to communicate with client investors; and that brokerage firms use client-supplied votes as a quasi allocation base to indirectly reward individual analysts for contributions to brokerage-wide commission payments. Overall, our results suggest that broker votes function as the nexus for a set of implicit contractual relationships between sell-side brokers, their affiliated analysts, and their buy-side clients.
Recovery of High‐Temperature Creep‐Resistant Substructure in Rutile

Recovery of creep-resistant substructure in rutile was studied at 1000°, 1020°, and 1040°C. Specimens were crept under a stress of 10,000 psi to a strain early in the secondary stage of creep and then allowed to recover for varying periods under a residual stress of 400 psi. Recovery was detected by the increased creep strain which occurred when the 10,000 psi stress was reapplied. An apparent activation energy of 135,000 cal/mol was obtained for the recovery process. Experimental evidence suggests that the primary recovery mechanism involves the sweeping out of dislocation barriers within the material by the migration of dislocation walls or subgrain boundaries.
Significant variation in haplotype block structure but conservation in tagSNP patterns among global populations.

The initial belief that haplotype block boundaries and haplotypes were largely shared across populations was a foundation for constructing a haplotype map of the human genome using common SNP markers. The HapMap data document the generality of a block-like pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) with regions of low and high haplotype diversity but differences among the populations. Studies of many additional populations demonstrate that LD patterns can be highly variable among populations both across and within geographic regions. Because of this variation, emphasis has shifted to the generalizability of tagSNPs, those SNPs that capture the bulk of variation in a region. We have examined the LD and tagSNP patterns based upon over 2000 individual samples in 38 populations and 134 SNPs in 10 genetically independent loci for a total of 517 kb with an average density of 1 SNP/5 kb. Four different ‘block’ definitions and the pairwise LD tagSNP selection algorithm have been applied. Our results not only confirm large variation in block partition among populations from different regions (agreeing with previous studies including the HapMap) but also show that significant variation can occur among populations within geographic regions. None of the block-defining algorithms produces a consistent pattern within or across all geographic groups. In contrast, tagSNP transferability is much greater than the similarity of LD patterns and, although not perfect, some generalizations of transferability are possible. The analyses show an asymmetric pattern of tagSNP transferability coinciding with the subsetting of variation attributed to the spread of modern humans around the world.
The Interim Chair: Special Challenges and Opportunities.

A substantial number of individuals serve as interim chairs each academic year. This chapter addresses their unique needs and provides suggestions on serving in this difficult role.
Relationships Between Negative Spiritual Beliefs and Health Outcomes for Individuals With Heterogeneous Medical Conditions

This study determined the degree to which any negative spiritual beliefs, regardless of one’s positive spiritual beliefs, are associated with health outcomes. Participants included 199 individuals with heterogeneous health conditions (i.e., traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, cancer, primary care disorders, healthy). Two groups were identified: a negative spirituality group (n = 61), that self-endorsed any degree of negative spiritual belief (i.e., feeling abandonment/punishment from a higher power) and a no negative spirituality group (n = 138), with no endorsement of any degree of negative spiritual belief. Measures included the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality and the Short-Form 36. Results indicated that the negative spirituality group endorsed significantly worse bodily pain, physical health, and mental health, as well as significantly less positive spirituality, less frequent religious practices, and a lower level of forgiveness. Negative spirituality was ...
Shoulder Strength in Asymptomatic Individuals with Intact Compared with Torn Rotator Cuffs

Background: Normative data are essential to the evaluation of shoulder function. The purposes of this study were to establish a normative database of isometric shoulder strength measured in asymptomatic individuals verified to have intact rotator cuffs and to determine the effect of asymptomatic rotator cuff tears on shoulder strength. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven volunteers with no shoulder pain or history of shoulder injury were screened with ultrasonography bilaterally for rotator cuff tears and then underwent isometric strength measurements for abduction in the scapular plane and external rotation. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of age, body habitus, hand dominance, and the presence of a rotator cuff tear on shoulder strength. Results: Of the 237 volunteers, forty-one were found to have a torn rotator cuff in at least one shoulder. The prevalence of rotator cuff tears was 0% for the subjects between forty and forty-nine years old; 10%, between fifty and fifty-nine years old; 20%, between sixty and sixty-nine years old; and 40.7% for those seventy years old or older. Both abduction strength and external rotation strength in the male subjects showed an age-dependent decrease, whereas only abduction strength showed an age-dependent decrease in the female subjects. In multiple regression analysis, age and weight were the most important predictors of abduction strength and external rotation strength, respectively. In the shoulders with a large-to-massive full-thickness rotator cuff tear, abduction strength was significantly decreased (p = 0.007). Additionally, the ratio of abduction strength to external rotation strength was significantly decreased in the shoulders with a large-to-massive full-thickness tear compared with the shoulders with an intact rotator cuff (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of rotator cuff tears in elderly asymptomatic individuals. Asymptomatic shoulders with a large-to-massive full-thickness rotator cuff tear have significantly decreased abduction strength. When there is a substantial decrease in abduction strength in relation to external rotation strength, the presence of an asymptomatic full-thickness tear should be suspected in that shoulder. Previous studies establishing normative values for isometric shoulder strength may have been skewed by the presence of asymptomatic rotator cuff tears in elderly subgroups.