cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sustainability and business-to-business marketing: A framework and implications

Abstract Researchers in several business disciplines have convincingly argued that environmentally responsible strategies can contribute to competitive advantage and superior financial performance. While debates on ecological conservation and environmental practices within marketing have raged for over three decades, much of the focus has been on identifying and targeting the environmentally-conscious consumer. Less attention has been given to marketing's role in a green supply chain and its interface with environmentally-friendly manufacturing and operations. We integrate disparate streams of research and develop a broader framework to understand the appropriate role and focus of business-to-business marketing in the supply chain for achieving environmental sustainability objectives. We identify three major strategies – the reduction of surplus supply of products, reduction of reverse supply, and internal marketing – where marketing's role in environmental sustainability is crucial for achieving superior competitive advantage and financial performance.
Selective and non-selective histamine release from rat, guinea-pig, and human lung☆

Abstract 1. 1. The lungs of rats, guinea-pigs, and human were compared for total histamine content, histamine release by compound 48/80 and Triton-X-100, and histamine metabolism. 2. 2. Total lung histamine decreased in the following order: guinea-pig>human>rat. 3. 3. Under the experimental conditions used, the amount of histamine released by compound 48/80 decreased as follows: human>rat>guinea-pig. 4. 4. Both rat and guinea-pig metabolized added histamine: the former mainly via diamine oxidase, the latter by some other metabolic system. Human lung did not metabolize added histamine. 5. 5. With guinea-pig and human lung, histamine release by compound 48/80 was selective, since it was not accompanied by release of intracellular constituents such as lactic dehydrogenase, protein, and histamine-metabolizing enxymes. With rat lung, compound 48/80 caused some non-selective histamine release. In the lungs of all three species Triton-X-100 caused non-selective release of histamine.
Optical Detection of Laser or Scattered Radiation Transmitted Through the Turbulent Atmosphere

Photoelectron counting distributions are obtained for radiation, consisting of a coherent and a chaotic component, after passage through the turbulent atmosphere. Independent additive background radiation is also taken into account. The counting distributions broaden markedly, and their peak occurs at decreasing count numbers for increasing turbulence. Plots of the distributions are presented for various levels of turbulence and various values of the coherent-to-chaotic average irradiance ratio. The results are related to the continuous photocurrent probability density.
An Illustration of Item Homoge-Neity Scaling and Multilevel Analysis Techniques in the Evaluation of Drug Prevention Programs

Many reports of successful school-based intervention programs can be criticized for their choice of a unit of analysis and for the neglect of measurement errors. This article is an illustration of how different conclusions can be reached from different choices of units of analyses and/or of different treatment of the data. This is done by a reanalysis of a well-reported data set. The data is thoroughly taken apart, using different statistical techniques. The result of the analyses shows that earlier reported effects of a normative school-based drug prevention program were not found. The subsequent search for moderator effects of the same program, such as a lowering effect on the relationship between the pre- and posttest or on the relationship between respondents' use and the use of their friends, was not successful either. It is concluded that the null hypothesis of zero effects should be retained. More successful was a search for individual characteristics that show significant relationships with respondents' alcohol use. Among them was the abuse of alcohol by adults in respondents' direct social environment and the use of friends.
Laser-Generated Acoustic Signal Interaction with Surface Flaws on Rail Wheels

Long- and short-range acoustic-signal interaction with surface-breaking cracks and geometric boundaries of the rail-wheel tread area are presented in this article. Ultrasonic signals are generated using a laser-line source of varying length and distance from a crack and are detected with a 1-MHz contact transducer to map the sound field behind the crack in the near, intermediate, and far fields of the insonified region. The factors that affect the behavior of a laser-generated surface acoustic wave propagating along the tread area of a rail wheel are discussed. A signal normalization method is proposed to help in sensing the presence of a crack from the transmitted signal unaffected by the boundary effect of the complicated wheel geometry, diffraction of the acoustic wave around the crack tip, and source-to-crack length ratio and separation distance.
A sensitive new method for the determination of nitrites and nitrogen dioxide with 4-aminoazobenzene-l-naphthylamine

Abstract A sensitive method for the determination of nitrites is proposed. The method should also be applicable to the determination of nitrogen dioxide. The test consists of the reaction of 4-amino azobenzene and I-naphthylamine with nitrous acid to form the blue di-cation of 4-(p-phenylazophenylazo)-I-naphthylamine. Beer's law was obeyed from 0.5 to over 15 mg of nitrite ion per 15 ml of final solution. Spectrophotometrically it is possible to detect I part of nitrite ion in 60 million parts of solution.
The mechanism of the α+d → α+p+n reaction

Abstract Coincidence measurements of absolute cross sections for the α+d → α+p+n reaction show large peaks due to final-state interactions through the 5He and 5Li ground states. Plane wave impulse approximation calculations correctly predict the existence of additional peaks for small spectator neutron energies but otherwise give bad fits to the observed spectra.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) cells and their projections in the forebrain of the batMyotis lucifugus lucifugus

Abstract Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) neurons and their projections were studied by immunocytochemistry in the brains of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus lucifugus: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) as a first step in the study of relationships between these neurons and the seasonal reproductive events characteristic of this species. The majority of immunoreactive neurons in adult male, adult female, and fetal bats were ovoid bipolar cells with one thin and one thicker process, both of which gave rise to fine varicose fibers. LH-RH-immunoreactive perikarya were concentrated in the region of the arcuate nuclei in all bats examined. Perikarya were also consistently found dispersed in the mammillary region, anterior hypothalamus, preoptic areas, septum, diagonal band of Broca, and olfactory tracts; they were occasionally observed in the dorsal hypothalamus, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), habenula, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus. LH-RH-immunoreactive fibers projected heavily to the median eminence, infundibular stalk, and posterior pituitary. In extrahypothalamic areas, these fibers were especially abundant in the stria medullaris/habenula and stria terminalis/amygdala, but also contributed to the diagonal band of Broca and the olfactory tracts. Immunoreactive fibers that may be components of many different pathways clustered in the rostral septum and permeated the medial hypothalamus. LH-RH-containing fibers frequently entered the subfornical organ, but were observed less often in the OVLT and only occasionally in the pineal. The organization of the LH-RH system in the little brown bat resembles that of primates, but differs considerably from that in the rat. Anatomical characteristics of the LH-RH system in bats thus suggest that this animal may be a particularly suitable species for further study of neuroendocrine control of reproductive function as it may relate to primates, including humans.
Iterative solution of a non-linear boundary value problem for a rotating string

Abstract The problem of determining the motion of a rotating inextensible string of length l, free at one end and fixed at the other can, under certain assumptions, be treated by solving a non-linear boundary value problem. p]In this paper, two Picard-type iterative schemes are constructed and the sequences generated are proved to converge to a positive solution of that non-linear boundary value problem. Additionally, one sequence converges to the solution from above, the other from below. Moreover, the iterative scheme can be used to solve the inverse problem of determining the angular velocity of the rotating string, given two observations (at one point in time) of position of the string.
Persistence of inflammatory cytokines cause a spectrum of chronic progressive diseases: implications for therapy.

Summary Chronic progressive disease (CPD) are the Western world’s major cause of mortality [1] (National Center for Health Statistics. Vol. 52. National vital 176 statistics reports. Deaths: final data for 2001; 2003, p. 3). Most chronic diseases present with symptoms and signs specific for the dysfunctional organ. Nonetheless, substantial commonalities are identifiable at the tissue and cellular level. These include a striking increase in inflammatory cytokines in both the tissue and the serum, accompanied by tissue destruction, apoptosis and tissue fibrosis. Individual inflammatory cytokines possess the capacity to induce these tissue effects in vitro and in vivo. Further, an elevation in systemic levels of cytokines and CRP predict an increase risk at all stages of these diseases. Therapies that inhibit the stimuli, the mediators or the responses to persistent inflammation appear to have an inhibitory effect on progression of specific diseases. We hypothesize that a unifying paradigm for CPD can be constructed based on these observations. Destabilizing stimuli activate the normal protective homeostatic inflammatory response in tissue. As the stimulus is eliminated and tissue heals, the inflammatory response recedes, re-establishing homeostasis. If inflammatory cytokines persist, however, both cell apoptosis and tissue fibrosis can be induced. Two aspects of evolution provide a potential mechanistic basis for this hypothesis. We may speculate that Darwinian selection favored early development of a system that channeled a broad spectrum of external and internal challenges through a generic response system. Thus, the mediators that respond to noxious stimuli became universal throughout organisms and species. Because these genetic responses were part of the DNA programming of all cells prior to differentiation, the tissue response to inflammation is also both uniform in nature, and narrow in scope. Subsequent cell differentiation resulted in vast differences in tissue function, so that organ dysfunction appears with the myriad symptoms and signs we recognize as individual diseases. Interference with inflammatory cytokines, e.g., with HMG Coa reductase inhibitors, inhibits a spectrum of chronic progressive diseases, independent of any LDL lowering effect.
Surface micro-structuring of silicon by excimer-laser irradiation in reactive atmospheres

Abstract The formation mechanisms of cones and columns by pulsed-laser irradiation in reactive atmospheres were studied using scanning electron microscopy and profilometry. Deep etching takes place in SF 6 - and O 2 - rich atmospheres and consequently, silicon-containing molecules and clusters are released. Transport of silicon from the etched/ablated regions to the tip of columns and cones and to the side of the cones is required because both structures, columns and cones, protrude above the initial surface. The laser-induced micro-structure is influenced not only by the nature but also by the partial pressure of the reactive gas in the atmosphere. Irradiation in Ar following cone formation in SF 6 produced no additional growth but rather melting and resolidification. Subsequent irradiation using again a SF 6 atmosphere lead to cone restructuring and growth resumption. Thus the effects of etching plus re-deposition that produce column/cone formation and growth are clearly separated from the effects of just melting. On the other hand, irradiation continued in air after first performed in SF 6 resulted in: (a) an intense etching of the cones and a tendency to transform them into columns; (b) growth of new columns on top of the existing cones and (c) filamentary nano-structures coating the sides of the columns and cones.
Neutral amino acid transport affinity and flux distributions in avian small intestine

Abstract 1. 1. The intestinal absorption of neutral amino acids was studied in the chicken small intestine and compared with data reported in the literature describing transport in the rabbit and rat small intestines. 2. 2. On the basis of a two-site model in which amino acids share transport with leucine. on the one hand, and beta-alanine. on the other, apparent inhibitor affinities were measured for a series of amino acids whose transports were partitioned between two systems. Flux distributions between the two systems were also calculated. 3. 3. The results show that both similarities and differences exist in the modes by which neutral amino acids are transported between these species.
The Value of Extent of Resection of Glioblastomas: Clinical Evidence and Current Approach

Glioblastomas (GBM), one of the most common tumors of the central nervous system, are associated with poor prognosis, even with all the scientific development of the last decades. Individual survival, however, is not homogenous among GBM patients, and multiple factors are related to their outcome, including age, biological characteristics of the tumor, and extent of treatment. Extent of resection (EOR) plays a major role as an independent modifiable factor associated with improved overall and progression-free survival. Achievement of maximal safe resection, removing as much as possible the tumor while preserving the neurological function, is the main goal of the current surgical treatment of GBM. To reach this objective, different technologies and surgical techniques have been introduced in neuro-oncology surgery, including functional neuronavigation systems, ultrasound surgery, intraoperative MRI scan, and intraoperative cortical and subcortical mapping techniques. In the current manuscript, we examine the impact of EOR on the prognosis of GBM patients and the benefits and limitations of modern adjuvant techniques used for resection of these lesions.
POTASSIUM CHANNELS AND THE CORONARY CIRCULATION

1. Mechanisms responsible for the regulation of coronary blood flow during physiologically important situations, such as reactive hyperaemia, hypoxia, ischaemia, coronary artery occlusion and increased metabolic demand, have eluded the scientific community. 2. As knowledge regarding potassium channel physiology and biophysics has expanded, the potential role of these channels in regulating coronary blood flow has been studied. 3. Recent data have demonstrated that ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K+[ATP]) play an important role in maintaining basal coronary blood flow, contribute to the regulation of coronary blood flow during hypoxia, acidosis, ischaemia, reactive hyperaemia and ischaemic preconditioning. The role of potassium channels in the regulation of coronary blood flow during increases in metabolic stimulation is controversial. 4. Thus, potassium channels, particularly K+[ATP], appear to play an important role in regulating coronary blood flow during physiologically important stimuli.
Mixing compatible and incompatible mappings: Elimination, reduction, and enhancement of spatial compatibility effects

In two-choice tasks, the compatible mapping of left stimulus to left response and right stimulus to right response typically yields better performance than does the incompatible mapping. Nonetheless, when compatible and incompatible mappings are mixed within a block of trials, the spatial compatibility effect is eliminated. Two experiments evaluated whether the elimination of compatibility effects by mixing compatible and incompatible mappings is a general or specific phenomenon. Left-right physical locations, arrow directions, and location words were mapped to keypress responses in Experiment 1 and vocal responses in Experiment 2. With keypresses, mixing compatible and incompatible mappings eliminated the compatibility effect for physical locations and arrow directions, but enhanced it for words. With vocal responses, mixing significantly reduced the compatibility effect only for words. Overall, the mixing effects suggest that elimination or reduction of compatibility effects occurs primarily when the stimulus-response sets have both conceptual and perceptual similarity. This elimination may be due to suppression of a direct response-selection route, but to account for the full pattern of mixing effects it is also necessary to consider changes in an indirect response-selection route and the temporal activation properties of different stimulus-response sets.
Central Obesity and Insulin Resistance in the Cardiometabolic Syndrome: Pathways to Preclinical Cardiovascular Structure and Function

The cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) has been an organizing conceptual framework for subclinical cardiovascular pathophysiology. Using cross-sectional data from 338 healthy men and women aged 18 to 55 years, the study examined the role of central adiposity and insulin sensitivity and assessed potential relationships with other metabolic indices (insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, fibrinolysis, lipidemia, endothelial function, and inflammation) and measures of cardiac structure and function (cardiac mass, compliance and contractility, myocardial oxygen demand, and blood pressure). Structural equation modeling analyses, which controlled for sex, age, and race, demonstrated good fit to the data. The derived relationships provided a physiologically consistent model of CMS, with an initiating role for central adiposity and insulin resistance. The model accounted for 30% and 82% of the variance in diastolic blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand, respectively. The findings suggest predominant pathways through which subclinical metabolic processes may exert pathogenic impact on the heart and vasculature.
Freud, Grafenberg, and the neglected vagina: Thoughts concerning an historical omission in sexology

(1984). Freud, Grafenberg, and the neglected vagina: Thoughts concerning an historical omission in sexology. The Journal of Sex Research: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 212-215.
Engraftment of Bone Marrow‐Derived Epithelial Cells

Discoveries of the ability of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to differentiate into nonhematopoietic cells have opened up a new field of inquiry in adult stem cell plasticity. There are far more questions than there are answers to date. We and others have investigated whether differentiation occurs in response to tissue damage, what the underlying mechanisms might be, and whether this plasticity may be useful clinically. BMDC have been shown to differentiate into mature-appearing epithelial cells in the lung, liver, gastrointestinal tract, skin, buccal mucosa, and kidney. The mechanism(s) by which cells transition to these nonhematopoietic phenotypes is not yet clear, but possibilities include cell-to-cell fusion, direct differentiation of a nonhematopoietic precursor cell from the BM, and transdifferentiation of a BM cell that had previously been committed to a different phenotype. Data obtained to date support the first two possibilities, and there are no data proving that transdifferentiation is responsible for the engraftment of marrow-derived epithelial cells. Theoretically, the engraftment of marrow-derived cells as nonhematopoietic cell types could be used in either the autologous or the allogeneic setting to restore functional epithelial cells to a diseased organ. For example, a marrow-derived cell that has been transduced to express a specific transgene can continue to express this transgene after it engrafts as a nonhematopoietic epithelial cell in the lung. Analyses of the kinetics of this engraftment suggest that it can be increased within days to weeks following certain types of injury, depending on the tissue examined. Most reports of adult stem cell plasticity show relatively low frequencies of marrow-derived nonhematopoietic cells, on the order of 1 in 10(3) to 1 in 10(4) epithelial cells in many organs being marrow derived. This frequency is likely to be too low to be of therapeutic relevance. Therefore, future efforts will need to be focused on enhancing levels of engraftment.
Matrix filtering as an aid to numerical integration

Digital simulation of linear systems often is complicated by the simultaneous presence of "slow" and "fast" time constants (or of small and large eigenvalues). A procedure is described that simplifies the treatment of such systems. Roughly speaking, the procedure consists of separating the response into a "low-frequency" and a "high-frequency" component, calculating each component, and then adding the results. The response separation is effected by using elementary Filter Theory ideas in a matrix context. Exact eigenvalue information is not required; a rough idea of eigenvalue locations is needed, however, to effect the responce separation.
Some experimental evidence on the efficiency of dividend signaling in resolving information asymmetries

Abstract An experimental market has managers of two firms making investment and dividend decisions to maximize firm value. Dividends are paid to shareholders who trade in the shares of both firms. In a separate control group, dividend and investment decisions are made exogenously to maximize the informational content of the dividend signal. Compared to the control groups (i) dividend surprises do not reflect the information contained in earnings shocks; (ii) firms with low rates of return on investment underinvest, losing earnings power, (iii) managers are unsuccessful in using dividend signals to inflate share prices and hence payoffs.
Transfer Delay Is a Major Factor Limiting the Use of Intra-Arterial Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose—The development of comprehensive stroke centers within hub-and-spoke stroke networks offers the opportunity to increase the proportion of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intra-arterial therapies (IAT). Interhospital transfer delays will be critical in evaluating the success of this strategy. Methods—We collected data on consecutive patients who were transferred to our institution for possible IAT. We defined transfer time as time elapsed from initial transfer call to arrival at our hospital and assessed whether transfer time was a predictor of emergent angiography using multivariable logistic regression. Results—Among 132 patients referred for IAT, 53 (40.2%) were excluded on clinical grounds. The remaining 79 (59.8%) patients (mean age, 61 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 18; 49.4% male) were analyzed. Sixty-one of 79 (77%) patients underwent emergent angiography for IAT. The median hospital-to-hospital distance was 14.7 (interquartile ran...
Heterogeneity in molecular recognition by restriction endonucleases: osmotic and hydrostatic pressure effects on BamHI, Pvu II, and EcoRV specificity.

Abstract The cleavage specificity of the Pvu II and BamHI restriction endonucleases is found to be dramatically reduced at elevated osmotic pressure. Relaxation in specificity of these otherwise highly accurate and specific enzymes, previously termed "star activity," is uniquely correlated with osmotic pressure between 0 and 100 atmospheres. No other colligative solvent property exhibits a uniform correlation with star activity for all of the compounds tested. Application of hydrostatic pressure counteracts the effects of osmotic pressure and restores the natural selectivity of the enzymes for their canonical recognition sequences. These results indicate that water solvation plays an important role in the site-specific recognition of DNA by many restriction enzymes. Osmotic pressure did not induce an analogous effect on the specificity of the EcoRV endonuclease, implying that selective hydration effects do not participate in DNA recognition in this system. Hydrostatic pressure was found to have little effect on the star activity induced by changes in ionic strength, pH, or divalent cation, suggesting that distinct mechanisms may exist for these observed alterations in specificity. Recent evidence has indicated that BamHI and EcoRI share similar structural motifs, while Pvu II and EcoRV belong to a different structural family. Evidently, the use of hydration water to assist in site-specific recognition is a motif neither limited to nor defined by structural families.
The Role of Matrix Stiffness in Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis

Transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells into proliferative and fibrogenic myofibroblasts is a critical event in the development of liver fibrosis. The causes of HSC transdifferentiation are not well understood, although the extracellular matrix has been implicated as one possible factor. We hypothesized that HSC transdifferentiation is determined by the mechanical properties of the surrounding matrix, and that the diseased liver demonstrates an increased elastic modulus that contributes to the perpetuation of HSC transdifferentiation and the progression of fibrosis. To test this hypothesis in an in vitro system, primary rat HSC were plated on inert polyacrylamide supports of variable but precisely defined elastic modulus ranging from 100 to 12 K Pa. These were coated with different matrices (type I collagen, fibronectin, or Matrigel™) in layers thin enough not to alter the mechanical properties of the system. As determined by morphology, degree of cell spreading, and expression of α-smooth muscle actin, cells became progressively transdifferentiated as substrate stiffness (elastic modulus) increased, independent of the chemical identity of the coating matrix. The degree rather than speed of HSC transdifferentiation correlated with substrate stiffness, with cells cultured on supports of intermediate stiffness adopting stable intermediate phenotypes. These changes were independent of the addition or removal of TGF-β. This demonstrated in an in vitro system that HSC transdifferentiation is primarily a function of the physical rather than the chemical properties of the substrate. As a preliminary to determining the role of stiffness in vivo, we determined the elastic modulus of normal and progressively fibrotic rat liver. Rats were injected twice weekly with carbon tetrachloride or vehicle, and were sacrificed in groups of 7–8 (2 controls and 5–6 CCl4) at time periods ranging from four days to ten weeks after the first injection. Control rats demonstrated a G’(elastic modulus) of 460 +/− 25 Pa. The mean elastic modulus of CCl4-treated livers increased progressively, beginning at the four day point, 525 +/− 39 Pa, and reaching 1617 +/− 170 Pa at 10 weeks. These values are consistent with the values at which we saw intermediate degrees of HSC transdifferentiation in vitro, and suggest that alterations in liver stiffness are a key factor driving the progression of fibrosis.
The distribution of impurities in lysozyme crystals

Abstract The effective distribution coefficient, K Ieff , of turkey egg white lysozyme into host hen egg white lysozyme crystals was measured for varying levels of relative supersaturation, impurity concentrations and temperatures. Turkey egg white lysozyme served as a test impurity of high homology to hen egg white lysozyme. K Ieff increased with increasing host protein concentration and temperature, consistent with a kinetically controlled incorporation process. The principles of slow crystal growth rate to limit impurity incorporation were applied to a commercial source of lysozyme with concomitant improvement in purity of re-crystallized protein.
Microarray Classification Using Sub-space Grids

The work presented in this paper describes how sub-space grids can be employed to extract rules for micro array classification. The paper first describes principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm for obtaining sub-space grids from the projected low dimensional space. A recursive procedure is then used to obtain rules where sub-space grids form premises of rules. The extracted set of rules is evaluated on both training and testing data sets. The sub-space grids from PCA algorithm are characterized by overlapped data from different classes and use of even more than two premises in a rule does not fully address the problem of overlapped data. As such the rules obtained do not discriminate different classes accurately. To increase the effectiveness of the set of rules, multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) algorithm instead of PCA algorithm is employed to obtain sub-space grids from the projected low dimensional space. These sub-space grids from MDA algorithm improve the classification accuracy of the system. However, the size of set of rules extracted is large and these rules are sensitive to local variations associated with the data. To address these issues, the paper explores using both the PCA and MDA algorithms simultaneously fo projected low dimensional space for obtaining sub-space grids. The resulting set of rules produce better classification accuracy results. The paper discusses a comprehensive evaluation of this rule based system. The system is tested on a dataset of 62 samples (40 colon tumor and 22 normal colon tissue). The results show that the use of sub-space grids that are obtained from a projected low dimensional space of combined PCA and MDA algorithms increase the accuracy of classification results of micro array data.
TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE EFFECTS ON GROWTH OF PITHOPHORA OEDOGONIA (CHLOROPHYCEAE) AND SPIROGYRA SP. (CHAROPHYCEAE)1

Growth responses of Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittr. and Spirogyra sp. to nine combinations of temperature (15°, 25°, and 35°C) and photon flux rate (50, 100, and 500 μmol·m−2·s−1) were determined using a three-factorial design. Maximum growth rates were measured at 35°C and 500 pmol·m−2·s−1 for P. oedogonia (0.247 d−1) and 25°C and 500 μmol·m−2·s−1 for Spirogyra sp. (0.224 d−1). Growth rates of P. oedogonia were strongly inhibited at 15°C (average decrease= 89%of maximum rate), indicating that this species is warm stenothermal. Growth rates of Spirogyra sp. were only moderately inhibited at 15° and 35°C (average decrease = 36 and 30%, respectively), suggesting that this species is eurythermal over the temperature range employed. Photon flux rate had a greater influence on growth of Spirogyra sp. (31% reduction at 50 pmol·m−2·s−1 and 25°C) than it did on growth of P. oedogonia (16% reduction at 50 μmol·m−2·s−1 and 35°C). Spirogyra sp. also exhibited much greater adjustments to its content of chlorophyll a (0.22–3.34 μg·mg fwt−1) than did P. oedogonia (1.35–3.08 μg·mg fwt−1). The chlorophyll a content of Spirogyra sp. increased in response to both reductions in photon flux rate and high temperatures (35°C). Observed species differences are discussed with respect to in situ patterns of seasonal abundance in Surrey Lake, Indiana, the effect of algal mat anatomy on the internal light environment, and the process of acclimation to changes in temperature and irradiance conditions.
Tensile Properties of the Swine Cardinal Ligament

Pelvic floor disorders such as urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse represent a major public health concern in the United States affecting one third of adult women [1]. These disorders are determined by structural and mechanical alterations of the pelvic organs, their supporting muscles and connective tissues that occur mainly during pregnancy, vaginal delivery, and aging [1].Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Effect of Bisphosphonate and Age on Implant Failure as Determined by Patient-Reported Outcomes

The aim of the current study was to elucidate whether there is an association between selected risk factors and implant failure, as determined by patient-reported outcomes. A trained clinician administered a formal survey questionnaire to 415 patients who had received a total of 963 implants through the University of Kentucky College of Dentistry's implant training program. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information about potential risk factors that may affect implant failure. Patients were also asked to rate their satisfaction with the appearance and function of the implant, their surgical experience, and the levels of pain and mobility associated with the implant(s). Both patient-level and implant-level data were analyzed in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis at the patient level indicated that the following variables did not contribute to the success or failure of the implants: sex, smoking status, diabetes, osteoporosis, and use of bisphosphonates. When the statistical analyse...
Recruitment of an alternatively spliced form of synaptojanin 2 to mitochondria by the interaction with the PDZ domain of a mitochondrial outer membrane protein

Synaptojanin 1 is an inositol 5′‐phosphatase highly enriched in nerve terminals with a putative role in recycling of synaptic vesicles. We have previously described synaptojanin 2, which is more broadly expressed as multiple alternatively spliced forms. Here we have identified and characterized a novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein, OMP25, with a single PDZ domain that specifically binds to a unique motif in the C‐terminus of synaptojanin 2A. This motif is encoded by the exon sequence specific to synaptojanin 2A. OMP25 mRNA is widely expressed in rat tissues. OMP25 is localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane via the C‐terminal transmembrane region, with the PDZ domain facing the cytoplasm. Overexpression of OMP25 results in perinuclear clustering of mitochondria in transfected cells. This effect is mimicked by enforced expression of synaptojanin 2A on the mitochondrial outer membrane, but not by the synaptojanin 2A mutants lacking the inositol 5′‐phosphatase domain. Our findings provide evidence that OMP25 mediates recruitment of synaptojanin 2A to mitochondria and that modulation of inositol phospholipids by synaptojanin 2A may play a role in maintenance of the intracellular distribution of mitochondria.
The effects of road and landscape characteristics on the likelihood of a Barred Owl (Strix varia)-vehicle collision

Collision with vehicles is a major if not the dominant source of mortality for owls. Despite this, there has been no study to date on Barred Owl-vehicle collisions, a species that breeds in densely-populated suburban neighborhoods with high road density. We capitalized on the availability of a large dataset of the locations of Barred Owls hit by vehicles and brought to a rehabilitation center in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA to investigate the factors underlying collision incidence. Using autologistic regressions and multi-model inference, we found that the explanatory variables with the largest effects on the likelihood of a Barred Owl-vehicle collision were speed limit, road width, and habitat suitability within 825 m of roads, in that order. Speed limit and habitat suitability had positive effects whereas road width had a negative effect. Our results are in agreement with existing studies of birds that have investigated the relative effects of road features and landscape structure in demonstrating the greater importance of the former. Future research should include systematic Barred Owl roadkill surveys that account for sampling biases in order to determine the importance of roads as a source of mortality for the species and to gain a better understanding of the effects of roadway design on the incidence of Barred Owl-vehicle collisions.
CMP cache performance projection: accessibility vs. capacity

Efficient utilizing on-chip storage space on Chip-Multiprocessors (CMPs) has become an important research topic. Tradeoffs between data accessibility and effective on-chip capacity have been studied extensively. It requires costly simulations to understand a wide-spectrum of the design space. In this paper, we first develop an abstract model for understanding the performance impact with respect to data replication. To overcome the lack of real-time interactions among multiple cores in the abstract model, we propose a global stack simulation strategy to study the performance of a variety of cache organizations on CMPs. The global stack logically incorporates a shared stack and per-core private stacks to collect shared/private reuse (stack) distances for every memory reference in a single simulation pass. With the collected reuse distances, performance in terms of hits/misses and average memory access times can be calculated for various cache organizations. We verify the stack results against individual execution-driven simulations that consider realistic cache parameters and delays using a set of commercial multithreaded workloads. The results show that stack simulations can accurately model the performance of various cache organizations. The single-pass stack simulation results demonstrate that the effectiveness of various techniques for optimizing the CMP on-chip storage is closely related to the working sets of the workloads as well as to the total cache sizes.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Group 6 (Cr, Mo, W) Zerovalent Organometallic Carbonyl Compounds

The microwave-assisted synthesis of a series of compounds of the form ML(CO)4 (M = Cr, Mo, W; L = en, bipy, dppm, dppe), results in the reduction of reaction times and an increase in yields over previously published syntheses. Reaction times are reduced by a factor of 5 to over 500.
A changing world: is the UN development system ready?

This article examines five contemporary areas of development concern that have become major drivers of global transformation since the turn of the millennium: the plight of fragile states; the emergence of new powers and new development funds in a changing aid landscape; the need for developing countries to manage the growing resources at their disposal; encroachments on the political sovereignty of states; and new global challenges that demand global action, including climate change, migration, and food security. These drivers of change call for responses from the UN – and in particular its development system of some 30 organisations. The ongoing protracted debate on the future UN development agenda should take cognisance of these changes if the system is to remain relevant after 2015. But the signs are not promising that either the agenda or the UN development system are up to the task.
Factors affecting respiration and photosynthesis by the benthic community of a subtical siliceous sediment

In a shallow, subtidal, siliceous sediment, benthic microalgal biomass (μg chlorophyll a cm-3) is influenced by light and physical sediment dynamics. The microalgal community is relatively dense, despite adverse conditions (7.0 μg chlorophyll a cm-3), and is able to respond rapidly to favorable conditions. Productivity of this community is significantly correlated (P≤0.05) with benthic light. In addition, productivity is influenced by temperature and bottom water NH4+ and PO4-3 concentrations, especially as the concentrations fall to levels approaching the Ks (halfsaturation constant) of the microalgal community. Metabolic activity in this environment is dependent upon a continuous supply of organic carbon. Temperature is significantly correlated with respiration rate, but other factors (e.g. biomass and organic matter supply) are important also. Community respiration responds to overlying phytoplankton productivity in the same manner as deep-water benthic environments. Bacterial enumeration using CFU (colony-forming units) does not measure accurately the number of in situ metabolically active bacteria.
An advective model for two‐dimensional transport of stratospheric trace species

A parameterization of two-dimensional transport is applied to photochemical models of stratospheric trace species. It is shown that in a first approximation, tracer transport in the meridional plane may be treated as an advective rather than a diffusive process. The concept of residual mean meridional circulation (Andrews and McIntyre, 1976; Boyd, 1976) is used in the model and shown to be a modified Eulerian mean, a good approximation to the Lagrangian mean motion. A simple example in which the equilibrium distribution is computed for a tracer with a uniform tropospheric source and a stratospheric sink proportional to the local mixing ratio demonstrates the potential of the proposed parameterization. The resulting distribution is found to agree qualitatively with the observed stratospheric distribution of trace species whose sources are in the troposphere.
Mr. Justice Black and His Critics

Many jurists give lip service to the idea that judicial interpretation of constitutional provisions should be based on the intent of the framers. Few, if any, have been as faithful to that conception as Hugo Black. As U.S. senator from Alabama, Black was a vigorous critic of the Supreme Court's use of the Constitution as a weapon against the Roosevelt New Deal. Once on the court he played a leading role in overturning those decisions and in attempting to establish for freedom of speech and other guarantees the interpretation he (and others) believe was warranted by the language and intent of the framers. Late in his career, however, Black's commitment to literalism and intent led him to assume apparently conservative positions in civil liberties cases. In an era characterized by growing acceptance of the belief that judges should adapt the Constitution to changing social and ethical perceptions, many came to regard Black's position as unrealistic and irrelevant. Tinsley E. Yarbrough analyzes Black's judicial and constitutional philosophy, as well as his approach to specific cases, through the eyes of Black's critics (such as Justices Frankfurter and Harlan) and through an assessment of scholarly opinion of his jurisprudence. The result is a stimulating and provocative addition to the study of Justice Black and the Supreme Court.
Performance on nonlinguistic visual tasks by children with language impairment

The performance of 8- to 13-year-old monolingual English-speaking children with language impairment (LI) on seven nonlinguistic tasks was compared with two groups of typically developing children, monolingual English-speaking children, and proficient Spanish–English sequential bilingual children. Group differences were apparent, with a key finding that the LI group was observably slower than both typical groups in mental rotation and arithmetic, and also slower than the typical monolingual group in odd man out, pattern matching, and form completion. Overall, the response time (RT) increased equivalently across groups as task difficulty increased. Chronological age and perceptual–motor speed contributed to task performance, especially for the shorter tasks. RT trajectories across the 6-year age span showed that task RT decreased with age, but with greater variability for longer tasks that may also be more vulnerable to the effect of experience.
SU‐FF‐I‐76: Observed Inter‐Camera Variability of Clinically Relevant Performance Characteristics for SIEMENS Symbia® Gamma Cameras

Purpose: To evaluate the inter‐camera variability of clinically relevant performance characteristics for Symbia® gamma cameras (Siemens Medical Solutions, USA). Materials and Methods: Evaluation of the inter‐camera variability was based on measurements made with nine separate systems. Performance characteristics measurements were based on NEMA standards and AAPM Reports (#22 and #52). All of the measurements were performed using Tc‐99m (except Co‐57 for extrinsic resolution) and low‐energy high‐resolution collimation. Of the nine cameras, 4 have 3/8″ and 5 have 5/8″ crystals. Energy resolution, intrinsic and extrinsic spatial resolution, intrinsic integral and differential flood uniformity over the useful field‐of‐view, pixel size, deadtime, sensitivity, SPECT resolution, and SPECT integral uniformity were evaluated. The mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variability (CV) of each metric were computed for each crystal thickness. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of the measured metrics for the 3/8″ and 5/8″ crystal systems, respectively, were as follows: energy resolution [FWHM‐%] of 9.5 (0.2) and 9.5 (0.3); intrinsic resolution [FWHM‐mm] of 3.46 (0.08) mm and 3.87 (0.09) mm; extrinsic resolution [FWHM‐mm] of 4.39 (0.09) mm and 4.70 (0.10) mm; integral uniformity [%] of 4.5 (0.4) and 4.7 (0.7); differential uniformity [%] of 2.6 (0.3) and 2.7 (0.2); pixel size [mm] of 0.601 (0.001) and 0.602 (0.001); maximum count rate [kcps] with 20% deadtime loss of 125 (18) and 130 (13); sensitivity [cpm/ Ci] of 203 (5) and 217 (8); SPECT resolution [FWHM‐mm] of 13.2 (0.1) and 13.4 (0.1); and SPECT integral uniformity [%] of 0.14 (0.02) and 0.13 (0.01). The mean and maximum CV were determined to be ∼6% and ∼17%, respectively, with the intrinsic uniformity, deadtime, and SPECT uniformity displaying the greatest CV amongst the different systems. Conclusions: All of the tested gamma cameras exhibited performance characteristics within specifications and the inter‐camera variability was observed to be low.
Volumetric brain imaging findings in mood disorders

Volumetric neuroimaging is increasingly being used by researchers of affective disorders to assess potential involvement of different brain structures in mood regulation and to test neuroanatomic models of mood disorders. In unipolar depression, findings suggest abnormalities in the frontal lobe (particularly the subgenual prefrontal cortex), basal ganglia (particularly the caudate and putamen), cerebellum, and hippocampus/amygdala complex. In bipolar disorder, abnormalities in the third ventricle, frontal lobe, cerebellum, and possibly the temporal lobe are noted. We review the findings for the various regions of the brain, and discuss the implications on the understanding of mood disorders. Directions for future research in volumetric imaging is then discussed.
The vortex flap F-106B, overcoming safety and data problems in flight testing

A NASA, F-106B airplane equipped with a vortex flap is establishing a data base for calibration of design and analysis tools for this vortical flow control concept. Some of the problems in safely and precisely flying to research data points were caused by the modified airplane's low longitudinal stability and low margin of structural strength. These characteristics are, in part, a consequence of the program's low cost approach which utilizes a bolt-on, ground-adjustable flap attached to a minimally modified airplane. Presently, the 40-degree flap deflection flight research is being concluded with a flow visualization phase. A similar pattern of flight envelope expansion, pressure distribution, performance, and flow visualization phases remain to be accomplished for the 30-degree flap setting. To date, good research flight data has followed resolution of the safety and data problems described.