cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of heavy metals in food pollutants in Wenzhou in 2009

Objective:To investigate the pollution condition of lead,cadmium and mercury in food pollutants,find out the kinds of food that have high content of lead,cadmium and mercury,and provide scientific basis to the monitor of food pollutants and the fatalness evaluation of food safety.Methods:Collect 135 samples of 11 kinds of food from different supermarkets in different counties of Wenzhou.After digestion,use atomic absorption method to measure the content of lead,cadmium and mercury.Results:The 11 kinds of food are more or less polluted by heavy metals in this city.The lead pollution in vegetable is relatively serious,and the unqualified rate is 45%;the cadmium pollution in dry edible mushrooms is comparatively serious,and the unqualified rate is 82%,the maximum of cadmium is 2.2 mg/kg,eleven times than the limition.Conclusion:Environmental pollution is the main cause of the exceeding of heavy metals in food,so we shouold reduce the emission of pollutants and strengthen the monitor of markets and.
Trisomy for chromosome No. 18 in man.

A brief description of six cases of trisomy for an E chromosome is given and compared with the E trisomic reported by Edwards et al. (1960). All seven patients clearly represent the same syndrome. It is caused by trisomy for the chromosome No. 18.
TU-FG-207B-04: NCI Funding Opportunities in Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy

Up-to-date knowledge about federal funding opportunities related to medical physics research, as well as obtaining skills for writing effective grant proposals are critical for academic and entrepreneurial medical physicists. In this symposium, program directors from key federal research funding agencies, including the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and the National Science Foundation, will present information about current funding opportunities relevant to the field of medical physics. They will also provide insight to issues that applicants should pay special attention to when crafting their research grant proposals. In addition, the symposium will include presentations on research funding for small business concerns, and the results of an independent AAPM study of the National Institutes of Health funding of AAPM members from 2002–2015. Learning Objectives: 1.To learn about current federal funding initiatives relevant to medical physics research 2.To learn about tactics important for crafting convincing research proposals 3.To learn about an independent study of NIH funding of research done by AAPM members B. Whelan, this work was commissioned and funded by the AAPM
Shock-metamorphosed rutile grains containing the high-pressure polymorph TiO2-II in four Neoarchean spherule layers

At least 17 spherule layers are presently known within stratigraphic units deposited between ca. 3.47 and 2.49 Ga. The spherule layers contain varying amounts of formerly molten, millimeter-sized and smaller spherules. The aggregate thickness of spherules in these layers commonly ranges from ∼1 cm to as much as a few decimeters. Several lines of evidence support the interpretation that the spherule layers represent distal impact ejecta layers. Previously, only one shock-metamorphosed grain (quartz) had been documented from the spherule layers. Therefore, a key diagnostic criterion for the impact origin of these layers has remained elusive for 30 years. We report the discovery, using micro-Raman spectroscopy, of shock-induced TiO 2 -II, a high-pressure polymorph of TiO 2 , in 34 grains from four Neoarchean spherule layers deposited between ca. 2.65 and 2.54 Ga. As all the TiO 2 -II-bearing grains contain rutile, we interpret them as shock-metamorphosed rutile grains. Shock-metamorphosed rutile grains, which may be more abundant in the upper parts of three of the layers, provide unambiguous physical evidence to further support an impact origin for these four layers. Our results demonstrate that TiO 2 -II can survive for >2.5 b.y. in supracrustal successions that have undergone low-grade metamorphism. Because TiO 2 -II transforms to rutile at a temperature ≥440 °C, TiO 2 -II in impact ejecta layers is a potential geothermometer. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a shock-induced, high-pressure polymorph formed by an Archean impact.
The Virtuous Cycle of a Data Ecosystem

Digital data of all types are being created at an ever-increasing rate, doubling approximately every two years. Annual data creation rates are estimated to reach 44 trillion gigabytes by 2020 [1]. Similarly, the rate at which primary scientific data are being collected is accelerating [2]. This astounding growth in scientific data creation has led to the contemporary discussion of scientific data sharing policies. Many of the criticisms levied against data sharing have focused on practical issues such as the economics and logistics of data storage, technical challenges for doing so, or appropriate attribution of credit [2–9]. In contrast, the arguments in favor of data sharing have focused largely on scientific replication, reproducibility [10], facilitation of collaborative research, and increased citations for publications that share data [11]. This is largely an ethical argument wherein there is an obligation to share data collected using public funds [3–6,12,13]. Rather than focusing on the much-discussed arguments against data sharing—cost, infrastructure, curation, privacy, and attribution/credit concerns—in this Perspective, I outline the overlooked benefits of data sharing: novel remixing and combining as well as bias minimization and meta-analysis. I argue that we must consider the weight of the costs against the true value of the possible benefits. If the decision for any individual researcher, university, or funding agency to implement data sharing policies comes down to a cost—benefit analysis based solely on replication versus storage, the cost—benefit analysis may be artificially tipped in favor of not sharing data caused by overlooking more subtle—but critical—benefits. These hidden benefits of data remixing cannot be appreciated when considering each individual dataset as an independent entity, and thus a richer consideration of those benefits is warranted. Although there is some evidence that, on the local scale, research groups may not make use of shared data [14], in this Perspective, I outline the ways in which research groups are beginning to take advantage of open data in novel, and sometimes surprising, ways. Rather than arguing for a centralized, large-scale data repository, I am advocating for a more organic development wherein we, institutionally, encourage the growth of a data ecosystem. This can be done via multiple venues, such as the general scientific data sharing sites figshare (https://figshare.com/) or the Dryad Digital Repository (http://datadryad.org/), each of which, in addition to Nature Publishing Group’s recently launched peer-reviewed data sharing journal, Scientific Data [15], provides citable Digital Object Identifiers for the data themselves. Such developments are addressing concerns regarding credit and help motivate data curation and contextualization. A data sharing ecosystem provides space for multiple diverse datasets to intermingle to encourage new, multidisciplinary discoveries for current and future scientists.
Fludioxonil Induces Drk1, a Fungal Group III Hybrid Histidine Kinase, To Dephosphorylate Its Downstream Target, Ypd1

Novel antifungal drugs and targets are urgently needed. Group III hybrid histidine kinases (HHKs) represent an appealing new therapeutic drug target because they are widely expressed in fungi but absent from humans. We investigated the mode of action of the widely utilized, effective fungicide fludioxonil. The drug acts in an HHK-dependent manner by constitutive activation of the HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) pathway, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Here, we report a new mode of drug action that entails conversion of the HHK from a kinase into a phosphatase. We expressed Drk1 (dimorphism-regulating kinase), which is an intracellular group III HHK from the fungal pathogen Blastomyces dermatitidis, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Drk1 engendered drug sensitivity in B. dermatitidis and conferred sensitivity upon S. cerevisiae In response to fludioxonil, Drk1 behaved as a phosphatase rather than as a kinase, leading to dephosphorylation of its downstream target, Ypd1, constitutive activation of the HOG pathway, and yeast cell death. Aspartic acid residue 1140 in the Drk1 receiver domain was required for in vivo phosphatase activity on Ypd1, and Hog1 was required for drug effect, indicating fidelity in HHK-dependent drug action. In in vitro assays with purified protein, intact Drk1 demonstrated intrinsic kinase activity, and the Drk1 receiver domain exhibited intrinsic phosphatase activity. However, fludioxonil failed to induce intact Drk1 to dephosphorylate Ypd1. We conclude that fludioxonil treatment in vivo likely acts on an upstream target that triggers HHK to become a phosphatase, which dephosphorylates its downstream target, Ypd1.
Exploiting the value of class labels in topic models for semi-supervised document classification

We propose a mixture of class-conditioned topic models for classifying text documents using both labeled and unlabeled training documents in a semi-supervised fashion. Most topic models incorporate documents' class labels by generating them after generating the word space. In these models, the training class labels have relatively small effect on the estimated topics, as the likelihood function is mostly dominated by the word space, whose size dwarfs a single class label per document. In this paper, we propose to increase the influence of class labels on model parameters by generating the word space in each document conditioned on the class label. We show that our specific generative process improves classification performance while maintaining the ability of the model to discover topics from the word space. Within our framework, we also provide a principled mechanism to control the contribution of the class labels and the word space to the likelihood function. Experimental results show that our approach achieves better classification performance compared to some standard semi-supervised and supervised topic models. We provide the required code to replicate our experiments at https://github.com/hsoleimani/MCCTM.
Increasing molecular dynamics simulation rates with an 8-fold increase in electrical power efficiency

Electrical power efficiency is a primary concern in designing modern HPC systems. Common strategies to improve CPU power efficiency rely on increased parallelism within a processor that is enabled both by an increase in the vector capabilities within the core and also the number of cores within a processor. Although many-core processors have been available for some time, achieving power-efficient performance has been challenging due to the offload model. Here, we evaluate performance of the molecular dynamics code LAMMPS on two new Intel® processors including the second generation many-core Intel® Xeon Phi™ processor that is available as a bootable CPU. We describe our approach to measure power consumption out-of-band and software optimizations necessary to achieve energy efficiency. We analyze benefits from Intel® Advanced Vector Extensions 512 instructions and demonstrate increased simulations rates with over 9X the CPU+DRAM power efficiency when compared to the unoptimized code on previous generation processors.
Prevalence of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibodies During the Period 2004–2011. Relevance to Heparin Contaminants

Abstract 4326 In conjunction with an ongoing program to investigate the prevalence of HIT antibody (HIT Ab) in ESRD, blood samples were collected from patients (n=53–89) on maintenance hemodialysis and retrospectively analyzed for the presence of these antibodies during the period February-April 2004–2011. Specified cut off levels were used to determine the positive and negative results. Two ELISA methods (GTI. Brookfield, WI) and (Aniara, Mason, Ohio) were used to quantitate the HIT antibodies. The prevalence of the HIT Ab during the period 2004–2011 was Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Superimposed Hypercoagulable and Hypocoagulable States: Elevated Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) Levels Secondary to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Masking Von Willebrand Disease

Von Willebrand Disease (vWD) is the most common inherited bleeding diathesis and can present with easy bruising, cutaneous bleeding, prolonged bleeding from mucosal surfaces after surgical procedures, and menorrhagia. However, laboratory confirmation of vWD can be challenging, as vWF and Factor VIII are acute-phase reactants, and levels will be elevated in inflammation, stress, physical activity, estrogen therapy, and hyperthyroidism. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) induces a state of both chronic inflammation and hyperestrogenism. PCOS is further characterized by a prothrombotic state, with elevated circulating levels of vWF, fibrinogen, and PAI-1. The precise origin of PCOS-induced hypercoagulability is yet to be elucidated but is most likely multifactorial, with insulin resistance, hyperestrogenism, hyperandrogenism, LH excess, age, and BMI imparting varying degrees of influence and synergism. We present a case of a morbidly obese 23 year-old female with PCOS presenting with menorrhagia. She has a history of prolonged bleeding after surgical procedures and was self-referred due to concern for bleeding risk during an upcoming dental extraction. Laboratory evaluation revealed she was blood group A positive with a normal PT and aPTT. Evaluation for vWD was within normal limits, with vWF antigen of 84% (55-200%), vWF activity of 68% (55-200%), Factor VIII activity assay of 75% (55-200%), and normal vWF multimers. Factor IX assay was significantly elevated at 218% (60-150%). Thromboelastography (TEG) showed elevated MA and G, consistent with platelet hypercoagulability and increased clot strength. Subsequent review of remote external records determined that the patient had a previous evaluation for a bleeding disorder at age three following prolonged bleeding after tonsillectomy. At that time, she had a prolonged aPTT of 36.1 sec (21.0-31.0 sec) that corrected after mixing study to 29.9 sec. vWF antigen and ristocetin cofactor levels were both low. Factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII were within normal limits. The patient was diagnosed with type I von Willebrand disease at that time. PCOS is a hypercoagulable state associated with hyperestrogenism and elevated vWF levels, which may lead to a false negative workup for vWD. In this case, a patient with PCOS and a remote diagnosis of type I vWD had elevation of vWF levels into the normal range on current laboratory studies. The patient9s current laboratory studies are consistent with a hypercoagulable state with an elevated Factor IX level and do not reflect the underlying bleeding diathesis. Management of such patients with coexisting hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable states, particularly perioperatively, may be complex. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and the Need for Imaging Surveillance.

Objective To evaluate the need for repeat head computed tomography (CT) in patients with complicated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) determined nonoperative after the first head CT. Methods A total of 380 patients with mild TBI and a positive head CT not needing surgery were included. Changes between first and second head CT were categorized as decreased, increased, or stable. Results Three patients required neurosurgical intervention (0.8%) after the second CT. There were no significant differences in demographics including age, gender, alcohol consumption, anticoagulation status, time between first and second CT, Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission and discharge, and incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hematoma, contusion, or skull fractures between the operated and nonoperated groups. All patients in the operated group had subdural hematoma compared with 40.8% in the nonoperated group (P = 0.07). All operated patients showed symptoms of neurologic worsening after initial head CT, compared with 2.7% in the nonoperated group (P Conclusions Routine repeat head CT in patients with complicated mild TBI is very low yield to predict need for delayed surgical intervention. Instead, serial neurologic examination and observation over the first 8 hours after the injury is recommended. A second CT scan should be obtained only in patients who have neurologic worsening.
The Signature Molecular Descriptor in Molecular Design: Past and Current Applications

Abstract Molecular descriptors are operations on features of a molecule (e.g., structure, chemical formula, etc.) that will ultimately assign a number associated with that descriptor to a particular molecule. Thousands of molecular descriptors exist and have been used in a variety of ways, from correlating experimental properties to use in computer-aided molecular design (CAMD), with many applications in between. In this chapter, we highlight a molecular descriptor called Signature that was first introduced in 1994 for structural elucidation studies, but is now employed in a variety of areas, including molecular design. We present the history of Signature, how it is defined, and its usage since 2003 to present day 2016. We conclude with highlights of three different case studies showcasing how Signature has been used in each.
Understanding sulfide distribution in subaqueous soil systems in southern New England, USA.

Abstract Sulfidization is an important soil forming process in estuarine and marine soils. There has been considerable work done in intertidal and upland soils regarding sulfides, as well as a body of research on sulfides in marine sediments, but there has been little published on sulfide distribution in subaqueous soils in the context of the pedologic approach to studying and classifying these materials. Our objectives were to determine the distribution of sulfides in subaqueous soils and to evaluate sulfide levels (total reducible inorganic sulfur, TRIS; acid volatile sulfides, AVS; and chromium reducible sulfur, CRS) in relation to soil properties including carbon content, CaCO 3 content, soil texture, oxidized pH, and conductivity. Sulfide analysis was completed on 52 representative samples collected from 17 pedons in three shallow coastal embayments in southern New England, USA. TRIS, calculated as AVS plus CRS, ranged from 33 to 11,592 μg g − 1 with CRS representing nearly 100% of the sulfides. Sand content showed a strong negative correlation (r = − 0.85) with TRIS. Thus, sandy subaqueous soils (Psammowassents) had the lowest sulfide levels. Although oxidized pH is often used to identify sulfidic materials, we found that the proportion of the variance in oxidized pH predicted from TRIS was very low (r = 0.19). In contrast, the amount of salts extracted from samples after treatment with H 2 O 2 (TS ox ) showed a strong relationship with TRIS (R 2 = 0.70). We found that there was generally 5 to 10 times more CaCO 3 by weight (the source of which is shell fragments) than sulfides, yet the pH often dropped below 4.0 upon moist incubation; suggesting that shell materials may not effectively neutralize acidity generated from oxidizing sulfides. Australian and World Reference Base (WRB) soil classification systems recognize both hyper (oxidized pH 4.0 or below) and hypo (contain oxidizable sulfides, but pH doesn't drop as low as 4.0) sulfidic soil materials. Soil Taxonomy, however, only recognizes materials that result in a drop in pH below 4.0 as sulfidic (hypersulfidic). The recognition of hypersulfidic and hyposulfidic materials in Soil Taxonomy should be a consideration for future changes in this soil classification system.
Tumor Microenvironment and Anticancer Therapies: An Optimal Control Approach

In this paper, results about the structure of cancer treatment protocols that can be inferred from an analysis of mathematical models with the methods and tools of optimal control are reviewed. For homogeneous tumor populations of chemotherapeutically sensitive cells, optimal controls are bang-bang corresponding to the medical paradigm of maximum tolerated doses (MTD). But as more aspects of the tumor microenvironment are taken into account, such as heterogeneity of the tumor cell population, tumor angiogenesis and tumor-immune system interactions, singular controls which administer agents at specific time-varying reduced dose rates become optimal and give an indication of what might be the biologically optimal dose (BOD).
Disseminated silicone granulomatosis in the face and orbit.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of disseminated silicone granulomatosis presenting with ptosis, proptosis and vision loss. Observations A 56-year-old female presented with ptosis, proptosis, and vision loss and was noted to have palpable, erythematous masses involving the orbit, face, trunk, and body. She had a history of bilateral silicone breast implants and cosmetic facial filler injections. Orbital biopsy demonstrated non-caseating granulomas with foreign-body giant cells and vacuoles containing material consistent with silicone. Removal of the patient's breast implants and systemic immunosuppression led to dramatic granuloma regression. Conclusions Silicone can induce a severe, systemic inflammatory response and should be considered in the differential for facial and periorbital granulomas in patients with a history of silicone breast implants. Management of disseminated silicone granulomatosis is challenging and requires multimodal treatment with silicone removal and systemic immunomodulation.
A Dimension Reduction Technique for Local Linear Regression

We offer a refinement to the technique of loca regression which allows for dimension reduction and data compression.
The Reproductive Biology of Caecilians: An Evolutionary Perspective

Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) are elongate, limbless, burrowing or swimming animals. They are pan-tropical in distribution and, until recently, infrequently seen by collectors. The relationships of caecilians to other amphibians are enigmatic (Carroll and Currie 1975), and relationships among caecilian genera and species are poorly understood. The acquisition of the attenuate habitus has been accompanied by changes of suites of morphological features, including those of the reproductive system. Concomitantly, a number of aspects of the physiology and ecology of the group have adapted, so that features of the reproductive biology and life histories of caecilians provide considerable information of use in analyzing patterns of evolution.
Simultaneous Systemic to Pulmonary Shunt and Pulmonary Artery Banding is a Viable Option for Neonatal Palliation of Single Ventricle Physiology.

A subset of neonates with single ventricle (SV) physiology has antegrade pulmonary blood flow that is deemed unlikely to be reliable until Glenn. We have used systemic to pulmonary shunt (SPS) with pulmonary artery banding (PAB) to optimize pulmonary blood flow while maintaining reserve antegrade flow. We hypothesize that this is an effective strategy that can be accomplished without the routine need for cardiopulmonary bypass. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 60 neonates who underwent combined SPS + PAB between 2004 and 2015. Data are presented as median with quartiles. Children were 8 (4‐19) days old at surgery and included 38 (63%) boys. Atresia or severe stenosis of the subpulmonary atrioventricular (AV) valve associated with pulmonary blood flow across a bulboventricular foramen was present in 37 (62%). In 20 (33%), heterotaxy-associated unbalanced AV canal with pulmonary stenosis with or without anomalous pulmonary venous drainage was present. First-stage palliation was accomplished without cardiopulmonary bypass in 44 patients (73%). There were 7 (12%) hospital deaths, 4 among the 20 (20%) with heterotaxy. Fifty-three children were followed for a median 5.1 (1.8–8.2) years. Three early reinterventions were required after initial palliation (1 PAB adjustment, 2 SPS balloon angioplasties). Five additional heterotaxy patients experienced late mortality during follow-up. There were no early or emergent Glenn. Thirty-nine patients have reached Fontan circulation with a median pre-Fontan PA pressure of 14 (12‐18) mm Hg. One patient converted to biventricular physiology and the remaining await completion Fontan. Heterotaxy was the only independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 10 (2.3–44, P
Indexing of the JEE online section

URL: http://economiceducationonline.com/Digital pedagogies have become increasingly popular among economic educators. These pedagogies are often found in peer-reviewed academic publications. These ...
Characterizing the Incorporation of DNA into Single NIPAm Hydrogel Nanoparticles with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Measurements

N-Isopropylacrylamide-based hydrogel nanoparticles (HNPs) that incorporate 30 mer single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) oligonucleotides were synthesized and characterized with single-nanoparticle surface pl...
TELEMETRY: DO YOU HAVE THE HEART NOT TO ORDER IT

The overuse of telemetry produces a significant cost burden, facilitates inappropriate testing for rhythm artifacts, and contributes to a shortage of telemetry beds. Reducing the use of telemetry has not demonstrated a negative impact to overall patient outcomes. Our objective was to improve
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF KINESIO® TAPING SPACE CORRECTION METHOD IN HEALTHY ADULTS ON PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT AND SUBCUTANEOUS SPACE.

Background Limited quantitative, physiological evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of Kinesio® Taping methods, particularly with respect to the potential ability to impact underlying physiological joint space and structures. To better understand the impact of these techniques, the underlying physiological processes must be investigated in addition to the examination of more subjective measures related to pain in unhealthy tissues. Hypothesis/purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Kinesio® Taping Space Correction Method created a significant difference in patellofemoral joint space, as quantified by diagnostic ultrasound. Study design Pre-test/post-test prospective cohort study. Methods Thirty-two participants with bilaterally healthy knees and no past history of surgery took part in the study. For each participant, diagnostic ultrasound was utilized to collect three measurements: the patellofemoral joint space, the distance from the skin to the superficial patella, and distance from the skin to the patellar tendon. The Kinesio® Taping Space Correction Method was then applied. After a ten-minute waiting period in a non-weight bearing position, all three measurements were repeated. Each participant served as his or her own control. Results Paired t tests showed a statistically significant difference (mean difference = 1.1 mm, t[3,1] = 2.823, p = 0.008, g = .465) between baseline and taped conditions in the space between the posterior surface of the patella to the medial femoral condyle. Neither the distance from the skin to the superficial patella nor the distance from the skin to the patellar tendon increased to a statistically significant degree. Conclusions The application of the Kinesio® Taping Space Correction Method increases the patellofemoral joint space in healthy adults by increasing the distance between the patella and the medial femoral condyle, though it does not increase the distance from the skin to the superficial patella nor to the patellar tendon. Level of evidence 3.
«En este país no se mueve una hoja sin que yo lo sepa». Jardines, dictadura e intelectuales en "Nocturno de Chile", de Roberto Bolaño

espanolEste articulo propone revisar como Roberto Bolano utiliza la imagen y la metafora del jardin en su novela Nocturno de Chile (2000) como expresion estetica y politica de la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet, de manera que se podria reflexionar en torno a la existencia de un «jardin-pais» artificioso y disciplinado. En este trabajo, el jardin se comprende como expresion estetica de la biopolitica, como modo de ocultar la violencia de la dictadura bajo la belleza del orden que imposibilita ver la destruccion necesaria para implantarlo. Asimismo, se analiza el rol que cumplen los intelectuales y militares representados en la novela como actores «jardineros» que establecen mecanismos de limpieza y eliminacion de «malezas», es decir, de aquellos sujetos que disienten de la dictadura. El analisis permite, finalmente, dar cuenta de como en esta novela, asi como en otras expresiones culturales chilenas, la imagen del jardin, como dispositivo de la cultura material, permite comprender las relaciones de poder en una sociedad, de sus mecanismos de ordenamiento y control, y de su afan de capturar y modificar la mirada de quienes hacen vida en ese territorio. EnglishThis article reads Roberto Bolano’s use of the image and metaphor of the garden in his novel Nocturno de Chile (2000) as an aesthetic and political expression of the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. In his novel, I understand the garden as an aesthetic expression of biopolitics, and as a way to hide the violence of the dictatorship under the beauty of the order that makes it impossible to see the destruction necessary to implant it. Likewise, I read the representation of the intellectuals and military personnel in the novel as «gardeners» who establish mechanisms for cleaning and eliminating «weeds», that is, of those subjects who disagree with the dictatorship. The analysis gives an account of how in this novel, as well as in other Chilean cultural expressions, the image of the garden, as a device of material culture, allows us to understand the power relations in a society, of its ordering mechanisms and control, and their desire to capture and modify the gaze of those who make life in that territory.
La plenitud a través del amor: la deconstrucción de un mito maldito en "Juicio a una zorra" de Miguel del Arco

espanolEl presente articulo se propone analizar como a traves de diferentes fuentes antiguas (Homero, Safo, Gorgias y Euripides entre otras) e incluso alguna contemporanea (Helen in Egypt de Hilda Doolittle) Miguel del Arco deconstruye en su obra Juicio a una zorra el mito de Helena de Troya, transmitido fundamentalmente por la tradicion patriarcal. Mostraremos de que modo el dramaturgo hace de su personaje una mujer que, habiendo sido victima de los hombres, reclama el derecho a contar su propia historia y a reivindicarse a traves de su propia palabra y de su amor por Paris. EnglishThe present article intends to analyze how Miguel Del Arco deconstructs in his work Juicio a una zorra the myth of Helen of Troy, transmitted mainly by the patriarchal tradition, through different ancient sources (Homer, Sappho, Gorgias and Euripides among others) and even some contemporary (Helen in Egypt by Hilda Doolittle). We will show how Del Arco makes his character a woman who, having been a victim of men, claims the right to tell her own story and to vindicate herself through her own words and her love for Paris.
Fundamental limits on the precision of in-memory architectures

This paper obtains the fundamental limits on the computational precision of in-memory computing architectures (IMCs). Various compute SNR metrics for IMCs are defined and their interrelationships analyzed to show that the accuracy of IMCs is fundamentally limited by the compute SNR (SNRa) of its analog core, and that activation, weight and output precision needs to be assigned appropriately for the final output SNR SNRT → SNRa. The minimum precision criterion (MPC) is proposed to minimize the output and hence the column analog-to-digital converter (ADC) precision. The charge summing (QS) compute model and its associated IMC QS-Arch are studied to obtain analytical models for its compute SNR, minimum ADC precision, energy and latency. Compute SNR models of QS-Arch are validated via Monte Carlo simulations in a 65 nm CMOS process. Employing these models, upper bounds on SNRa of a QS-Arch-based IMC employing a 512 row SRAM array are obtained and it is shown that QS-Arch's energy cost reduces by 3.3× for every 6 dB drop in SNRa, and that the maximum achievable SNRa reduces with technology scaling while the energy cost at the same SNRa increases. These models also indicate the existence of an upper bound on the dot product dimension N due to voltage headroom clipping, and this bound can be doubled for every 3 dB drop in SNRa.
Executive function and depressed mood are independently disruptive to health-related quality of life in pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract Objective Youth with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are at increased risk of depressive features and diminished health-related quality of life (HRQOL). To assist in the development of future behavioral interventions for youth with TLE, the current study explored potential pathways by which executive functioning (EF) and depressive features impinge upon HRQOL in the context of psychosocial and seizure-specific factors. Methods Data included parental ratings on the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-2), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy (QOLCE) questionnaires for 82 children (Age = 11.99, SD = 3.80) with TLE. Observed path analysis was used to simultaneously investigate the determinants of HRQOL in pediatric TLE. Indirect effects were evaluated with bootstrap analyses. Results Both executive dysfunction and depressive features were negatively linked to child HRQOL, and, furthermore, EF and HRQOL were indirectly connected by depressive features. In addition, depressive features were linked to lower EF, current antiepileptic drug (AED) regimen, and the presence of hippocampal sclerosis. Diminished EF was linked to parental psychiatric history and family stress; EF mediated the relationship of parental psychiatric history and family stress on both depressive features and diminished HRQOL. Finally, a more complicated AED regimen and higher HRQOL were indirectly connected by depressive features. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of child depressive features and EF along with environmental and epilepsy-specific factors on HRQOL in pediatric TLE.
Research Career Paths Among Political Scientists in Research Institutions

Considerable research assesses research success in political science. Yet this work has not considered widespread findings that scholars can follow various career research paths that complicate how we envision scholarly success. Further, we have no systematic information on these career paths in any scientific discipline. I present an empirically validated research career-path typology for political scientists who began their career in a research institution. The typology demonstrates that many scholars follow paths different from the most conventional expectations, and research success by measures of publications and citations is associated with only some of these paths. Thus, existing research on aggregate publications and citations likely addresses only a subset of the career paths revealed in this article. Understanding research activities in our profession requires consideration of the various career paths, their motivation, and their place in our research community.
The decision sampling framework: a methodological approach to investigate evidence use in policy and programmatic innovation

Calls have been made for greater application of the decision sciences to investigate and improve use of research evidence in mental health policy and practice. This article proposes a novel method, “decision sampling,” to improve the study of decision-making and research evidence use in policy and programmatic innovation. An illustrative case study applies the decision sampling framework to investigate the decisions made by mid-level administrators when developing system-wide interventions to identify and treat the trauma of children entering foster care. Decision sampling grounds qualitative inquiry in decision analysis to elicit information about the decision-making process. Our case study engaged mid-level managers in public sector agencies (n = 32) from 12 states, anchoring responses on a recent index decision regarding universal trauma screening for children entering foster care. Qualitative semi-structured interviews inquired on questions aligned with key components of decision analysis, systematically collecting information on the index decisions, choices considered, information synthesized, expertise accessed, and ultimately the values expressed when selecting among available alternatives. Findings resulted in identification of a case-specific decision set, gaps in available evidence across the decision set, and an understanding of the values that guided decision-making. Specifically, respondents described 14 inter-related decision points summarized in five domains for adoption of universal trauma screening protocols, including (1) reach of the screening protocol, (2) content of the screening tool, (3) threshold for referral, (4) resources for screening startup and sustainment, and (5) system capacity to respond to identified needs. Respondents engaged a continuum of information that ranged from anecdote to research evidence, synthesizing multiple types of knowledge with their expertise. Policy, clinical, and delivery system experts were consulted to help address gaps in available information, prioritize specific information, and assess “fit to context.” The role of values was revealed as participants evaluated potential trade-offs and selected among policy alternatives. The decision sampling framework is a novel methodological approach to investigate the decision-making process and ultimately aims to inform the development of future dissemination and implementation strategies by identifying the evidence gaps and values expressed by the decision-makers, themselves.
The Correlation of Clinical Corticosteroid Responsiveness With Expression of IL-6 in Peripheral Blood Immune Cells (PBMC) in Patients With Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED).

HYPOTHESIS Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) patients will differentially express interleukin (IL)-6 based on corticosteroid responsiveness. BACKGROUND AIED is characterized by periods of acute sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In a majority of patients corticosteroid responsiveness is lost over time. The mechanisms that control corticosteroid responsiveness have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Thirty-five AIED patients and 13 age-matched control subjects were enrolled in this study. Steroid responsive (n = 15) and steroid nonresponsive AIED patients (n = 20) were characterized based on audiometry before and after treatment for acute SNHL. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained at the time of acute SNHL to quantify plasma IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 (CCL3). PBMCs were stimulated with dexamethasone and release of soluble IL-6, sIL-6R, and CCL3 protein into conditioned supernatants was measured. Plasma IL-6 was also correlated to serum c-reactive protein (CRP), cardiac CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed in the plasma IL-6 between AIED patients and controls (2.37 versus 2.03 pg/ml, p < 0.01), plasma IL-6, and CCL3 between responders and nonresponders (0.136 versus 3.84 pg/ml, p < 0.005; 30.5 versus 32.4, p < 0.05) and released IL-6 from dexamethasone stimulated PBMC in AIED patients compared with controls (0.54 versus 1.12 pg/ml, p < 0.001). There was a correlation between plasma IL-6 levels of AIED patients to both serum CRP and cardiac CRP (R2 = 0.83, R2 = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS We observed AIED patients, specifically nonresponders expressed greater levels of IL-6. Elevated IL-6 levels in AIED patients correlated with CRP levels, providing a commonly available laboratory test that may aid in rapid clinical decision-making in these patients.
An experimental and statistical modeling study of the reactivity of Co+(CH3Br)n (n = 0,1) with methyl bromide

Abstract The temperature- and pressure-dependent kinetics of Co+(CH3Br)n (n = 0,1) + CH3Br are measured from 300 to 600 K and from 0.2 to 0.5 Torr. Results are interpreted using density functional calculations and modeled with statistical theory. In the n = 0 case, the associative product Co+(CH3Br) dominates with a rate constant between 5 and 30% of the collisional value, while a minor channel yields CoBr+ + CH3 with a rate constant increasing with temperature. 0K bond dissociation energies (BDE) are determined for Co+-Br (2.8 ± 0.1 eV) and Co+-CH3Br (2.4 ± 0.25 eV). Ligation of Co+ (i.e. n = 1) significantly increases the bimolecular reaction rate constant. CoBr+(CH3Br) + CH3 is formed and the reaction has a positive temperature dependence. Interestingly, this rate constant decreases with increasing pressure due to competition of the association channel. Ligation increases the (CH3Br)Co+-Br BDE (3.0 ± 0.1 eV) relative to Co+-Br, but decreases the (CH3Br)Co+-CH3Br BDE (1.95 ± 0.25) relative to Co+-CH3Br. Both bimolecular reactions proceed by a metal-insertion mechanism with a significantly submerged transition state that does not affect the kinetics. Instead, the endothermicity of the reaction is rate-limiting. Discussion about how energy, impact parameter, and angular momentum affect specific rate constants for dissociation to reactants, reaction to products, and association are presented.
Efficient Computation of Minimal Wind-Power Deviations that Induce Temporal Line Overloading

The paper develops an optimization method for assessing transmission network vulnerability to small changes in generation (as caused, for example, by wind forecast inaccuracy). The method computes the smallest deviation (in a weighted 2-norm sense) from the nominal generation pattern that would drive a particular line to a specified temperature, over a given time horizon. The 2-norm weighting matrix provides a means of capturing spatial and temporal coupling between generation sites and time intervals. The temperature constraint is second-order in voltage angle differences. The problem is therefore a quadratically-constrained quadratic program (QCQP). Solving the QCQP for each line in the network yields a set of candidate generation deviation patterns which may then be sorted to determine the lines that are most vulnerable to overloading. The paper develops a computationally efficient algorithm for solving this QCQP. An example explores line-overload vulnerability due to changes in wind patterns. Numerical results emphasize the framework's ability to incorporate evolving ambient and system conditions, as well as computational scaling properties.
Regioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridines: 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine

Regioselective synthesis of tetrahydropyridines: 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine intermediate: (Z)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butenyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate reactant: 41.5 g (0.337 mol) of 4-methoxyaniline intermediate: N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-(Z)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butenamine product: 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine Keywords: annulation, heterocyclic-[6]; cyclization, condensation; replacement reactions, sulfonate by amino; sulfonation, C-sulfonation; sulfonation, O-sulfonation; pyridine; p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, dehydration; p-toluenesulfonyl chloride; benzene
Negotiation as a Means of Developing and Implementing Occupational Health and Safety Policy

In the health, safety, and environmental area, negotiated rulemaking, implementation, and compliance are proposed by their advocates as delivering two primary benefits: reduced rulemaking time and decreased litigation over a final agency rule. The experience to date, however, indicates that negotiated rulemaking cannot be relied upon to deliver either of these benefits. Nonetheless, experience indicates that negotiation can, in appropriate circumstances, facilitate a better understanding of issues, concerns, facts, and positions among adversaries, promote the sharing of relevant information, and provide an opportunity for creative problem-solving. This paper discusses the use of these three types of negotiation by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Four negotiated rulemakings under the Occupational Safety and Health Act--each of which involved an attempt to establish an OSHA standard for worker exposure to a particular toxic substance--are evaluated according to whether negotiation was instrumental either in securing a more protective standard, or in securing an innovative technological response. The cases do not support the proposition that negotiation is more likely to protect worker health and stimulate more innovative protective technology than is traditional rulemaking. Rather, the record indicates that equal or better results could have been obtained through the traditional rulemaking process. In contrast to its willingness to use negotiation in standard-setting, OSHA has thus far shown little interest in making creative use of negotiation to promote technological change during the implementation or enforcement of standards.
Simple Intuition Gone Awry: Combining Real and Financial Options in Tax Elections

Taking reversible tax elections as a motivation, we analyze optimal initiation of a zero-cost, stochastic-strike-price ﬁnancial option with a ﬁxed expiration date. For such contexts, the real option to delay initiation to exploit favorable movement in the strike price should be weighed against the receipt of a shorter-lived option. Simple option time-value intuition, although commonplace in practitioner discussions, can be misleading. Calibrations suggest that suboptimal exercise can deplete after-tax value by 10%, resulting in billions of dollars of higher tax payments. We introduce corrective intuition by analyzing a discrete-time Markov process, and for practical purposes, provide an alternative heuristic strategy.
Effect of duodenal alkalinization on gastric motility

Summary Transplanted fundic pouches have been prepared using blood vessel anastomosis. These pouches and Bickel pouches have been used in a study of pouch motility in response to alkaline buffer solutions in the duodenum. Alkaline buffer solutions and pancreatic juice will stimulate motility in the denervated pouches. Pancreatic juice does not increase the p H sufficiently in the duodenum to stimulate the transplanted pouches. Atropine sulphate potentiates this stimulatory effect of alkaline solutions in the duodenum probably by inhibiting acid secretion by the residual stomach. Two mechanisms of action are postulated for this alkaline buffer effect; inhibition of the release of an inhibitory substance from the duodenal mucosa or release of a humoral stimulating agent.
The Defence of Extreme Realities

Rex Butler _Jean Baudrillard: The Defense of the Real_ London and New Delhi: Sage Publications and Thousand Oaks, 1999 ISBN 0-7619-5833-9 vii + 181 pp.
Global structure of asteroid 433 Eros

[1] Models of asteroid formation and evolution suggest a variety of internal structures, ranging from gravitationally bound accumulations of debris to fully rigid monolithic bodies. The NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft has provided detailed imaging and gravity data relevant to the characteristics of structural features and global mass properties. A long ridge, coplanar with a degraded trough/ridge system, and an approximately parallel surface facet suggest exploitation of a nearly global fabric by both compressive and extensional failure at significantly different times.
Educación crítica: historia de una resistencia en palabra y acción

Permitanme comenzar este capitulo con una historia, el recuento de una experiencia que destaca la importancia –y los peligros– de tomar en serio nuestro papel como educadores criticos. El siguiente relato narra las experiencias de mi primer viaje a Corea del Sur, hace muchos anos. La memoria es un vehiculo imperfecto, particularmente al trabajar bajo presion, sin embargo, intentare reconstruir lo sucedido y acercarme tanto como me sea posible a la realidad de esta experiencia.