cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emerging Scientist: Vocal Fold Immunology

In adults the immune system is intimately involved in restoring function lost after injury. If it is poorly regulated, the initial protective reactions that encompass wound healing can lead to path...
Investigation of a Novel Pulse Power Supply for High Power Microwave

An air core pulse transformer is specially designed to provide the high power electron beam and required magnetic field for the high power microwave device simultaneously. First, the primary coils produce the changing magnet field after the primary capacitor discharges. Then a high voltage pulse is induced in the secondary coils to charge the Pulse Form Line (PFL). The magnetic field produced by the primary coils can keep a very high value when the voltage on PFL reaches the required value (not the highest value). Finally, the main switch is triggered when the required value of the voltage on PFL is reached. So the power supply can provides the electron beam and the required guiding magnet field for microwave device simultaneously when it is properly designed.
FDI,Outsourcing and Spatial Organization of Transnational Production Networks

This paper studies the determinants of control structure and spatial organization of transnational production networks(TPN) in a core-periphery framework with intra-product specialization.The international intra-product specialization makes firms separate manufacturingactivities from their headquarters,which leads to variouskinds of TPN.Under incomplete contracts,the control structure of TPN(FDI or outsourcing) depends on the relative technological capabilitybetween MNCs and local firms.The spatial organization of TPN depends on the interaction between spatial and technologicalfactors.With the lower trade costs,larger market size,better contracting environment and higher technological ability in host nation,themanufacturingactivities will be shifted to lower wage nations steadily,which finally causes the new kind of core peripherystructure in industry.
Acute Renal Failure Secondary to Carcinomatous Lymphatic Metastases to Kidneys

AbstractWe report a rare case of acute renal failure secondary to bilateral renal parenchymal metastases from carcinoma. Despite clinical investigation the cause of the renal failure remained undiagnosed and was discovered only upon microscopy at autopsy, which revealed metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. The pattern of tumor infiltration was predominantly lymphatic involvement limited to the vascular bundles at the corticomedullary junction, and the lymphatics adjacent to the calices and pelves. The significance of lymphatic obstruction in the pathogenesis of renal failure is discussed. Renal parenchymal metastases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure in patients with carcinoma.
Cyclosporine disposition in the hyperlipidemic rat model.

Since cyclosporine is heavily bound to plasma lipoproteins, its pharmacokinetic profile was evaluated in the Zucker hyperlipidemic rat model (N = 4) and compared to Zucker lean (N = 4) and Sprague-Dawley (N = 4) rat models. Following a single i.v. dose (5 mg/kg) of cyclosporine, serial blood samples, collected by tail bleed, were assayed for cyclosporine concentration by radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by standard non-compartmental methods. Half-lives between the three groups were not different. However, Zucker obese rats demonstrated a significantly smaller volume of distribution at steady-state (2.8 +/- 1.1 L/kg; p less than 0.01) versus the Zucker lean (5.4 +/- .9 L/kg) and Sprague-Dawley rats (5.6 +/- .7 L/kg). Likewise, the total body clearance was markedly reduced in the obese (0.24 +/- .09 L/h/kg; p less than 0.01) versus lean (0.51 +/- .04 L/h/kg) and Sprague-Dawley (0.52 +/- .06 L/h/kg) rat models. This data suggests the ability of lipids to significantly impair the intracellular transfer of cyclosporine and may impact on its clinical monitoring, efficacy and toxicity.
The Influence of the Firm’S Internal Environment on the Job Commitment and Satisfaction of Employees in New Product Development

This study explored the influence of the firm’s perceived internal environment on the job commitment and satisfaction of people employed in new product development units. Our results indicate that, at least in the Fortune 500 manufacturing and service companies, different factors are likely to lead to high job commitment and satisfaction.
Teacher Perceptions of Multilevel Policies and the Influence on Nutrition Education in North Carolina Head Start Preschools

Abstract Objective To develop a theory that explains the process of how teachers' perception of multilevel policies may influence nutrition education (NE) teaching strategies in Head Start preschools. Design Semistructured telephone interviews. Setting North Carolina Head Start preschools. Participants Thirty-two Head Start teachers. Phenomenon of Interest All interviews were transcribed verbatim. Following a grounded theory approach, authors coded interview data for emergent themes. Analysis Two primary themes emerged during analysis, including teachers' policy perceptions and teacher-perceived influence of policy on NE. Results A theoretical model was developed to explain how teachers' perceptions of policies influenced NE (eg, teaching strategies) in the classroom. Teachers discussed multiple policy areas governing their classrooms and limiting their ability to provide meaningful and consistent NE. How teachers perceived the level of regulation in the classroom (ie, high or low) influenced the frequency with which they used specific teaching strategies. Conclusion and Implications Despite federal policies supporting the provision of NE, teachers face competing priorities in the classroom (eg, school readiness vs NE) and policies may conflict with standardized NE curricula. To understand how Head Start centers develop local policies, additional research should investigate how administrators interpret federal and state policies.
Epigenetic changes in T‐cell and monocyte signatures and production of neurotoxic cytokines in ALS patients

We have investigated transcriptional and epigenetic differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of monozygotic female twins discordant in the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Exploring DNA methylation differences by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), we determined that, over time, the ALS twin developed higher abundances of the CD14 macrophages and lower abundances of T cells compared to the non-ALS twin. Higher macrophage signature in the ALS twin was also shown by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Moreover, the twins differed in the methylome at loci near several genes, including EGFR and TNFRSF11A, and in the pathways related to the tretinoin and H3K27me3 markers. We also tested cytokine production by PBMCs. The ALS twin's PBMCs spontaneously produced IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas PBMCs of the healthy twin produced these cytokines only when stimulated by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1. These results and flow cytometric detection of CD45 and CD127 suggest the presence of memory T cells in both twins, but effector T cells only in the ALS twin. The ALS twin's PBMC supernatants, but not the healthy twin's, were toxic to rat cortical neurons, and this toxicity was strongly inhibited by an IL-6 receptor antibody (tocilizumab) and less well by TNF-α and IL-1β antibodies. The putative neurotoxicity of IL-6 and TNF-α is in agreement with a high expression of these cytokines on infiltrating macrophages in the ALS spinal cord. We hypothesize that higher macrophage abundance and increased neurotoxic cytokines have a fundamental role in the phenotype and treatment of certain individuals with ALS.-Lam, L., Chin, L., Halder, R. C., Sagong, B., Famenini, S., Sayre, J., Montoya, D., Rubbi L., Pellegrini, M., Fiala, M. Epigenetic changes in T-cell and monocyte signatures and production of neurotoxic cytokines in ALS patients.
The Big Eddy Site: A Multicomponent Paleoindian Site on the Ozark Border, Southwest Missouri

Relatively few deep, stratified, multi component Paleo indian sites have been found in alluvial contexts in North America. Recent excavations at the Big Eddy site in southwest Missouri, however, re...
Global Maternity Benefits and Their Impact on Maternal and Child Well-Being

Maternity benefits across the globe vary widely by country. In some countries, they include health benefits for mother and child, medical leave, and/or access to infant care support, although in other countries benefits are rather limited. In this chapter, we provide an overview of global maternity benefits that are legally required within countries and discuss the evidence pertaining to their effectiveness in promoting maternal and child well-being. Following a brief description of maternity policies in different countries, we reviewed the global similarity and variances in these policies. Although maternity benefits are beneficial in improving maternal and child well-being, it may not affect all outcomes equally and positively. By summarizing the maternity policies’ influence on mothers’ work choices, psychological/mental health, and child health, we provide a holistic picture of the benefits and costs of maternity leave. We also comment on the methodological barriers to the study of maternity benefits and end with a list of suggestions for researchers, policy makers, and organizations.
Science and war: an unhappy marriage

The organizing committee of the 1948 Intellectuals' Conference for Peace objected to the radical nature of Einstein's address. In it he pulled no punches, calling for the international control of nuclear weapons – a recommendation that seemed unrealistic given that the first signs of the Cold War had already appeared. "Penetrating research and keen scientific work", said Einstein, "have often had tragic implications for mankind...liberat[ing] man from exhausting physical labour [but] introducing a grave restlessness into his life, making him a slave to his technological environment, and – most catastrophic of all – creating the means for his own mass destruction."
CPS compliant adaptive immune based load frequency control with varying wind penetrations

As total inertia of a power system decreases with an increase in wind penetration, it cannot fully recover the frequency following a load perturbation. Control performance standards (CPS) deteriorate due to an increased variability in Area Control Error (ACE). Throughout a day, the operating conditions in a power system changes. As, the fixed gain controllers are only designed for nominal operating conditions, they cannot perform effectively over a long period of time. An adaptive immune based controller is designed in this paper for a two-area power system model which can comply with North American Reliability Council (NERC) CPS criteria and highly reduce the mechanical oscillations in the system. The immune response is compared with the high gain response, low gain response and the optimal gain response calculated through Genetic Algorithm (GA) to prove its effectiveness in a system.
The cart and the horse Redux: The timing of border settlement and joint democracy

Do democratic dyads handle their disputes more peacefully than non-democratic dyads, or have they cleared the most contentious issues (that is, unsettled borders) off their foreign policy agenda before becoming democratic? This study compares the conflicting answers of the democratic peace and the territorial peace and examines the empirical record to see which is more accurate. It finds that almost all contiguous dyads settle their borders before they become joint democracies. Furthermore, the majority of non-contiguous dyad members also settle their borders with all neighboring states before their non-contiguous dyad becomes jointly democratic. Such findings are consistent with the theoretical expectations of the territorial peace, rather than the democratic peace. They also weaken a core argument of the democratic peace, for this analysis finds that one reason democratic dyads may handle their disputes more peacefully than non-democratic dyads is not because of their institutions or norms, but rather because they have dispensed with the disputes most likely to involve the use of military force prior to becoming democratic.
A symbolic framework for recognizing activities in full motion surveillance videos

We present a symbolic framework for recognizing activities of interest in real time from video streams automatically. This framework uses regular expressions to symbolically represent (possibly infinite) sets of motion characteristics obtained from a video. It uniformly handles both trajectory-based and periodic articulated activities and provides polynomial time graph algorithms for fast recognition. The regular expressions representing motion characteristics can either be provided manually or learnt automatically from positive and negative examples of strings (that describe dynamic behavior) using offline automata learning frameworks. Confidence measures are associated with recognition using Levenshtein distance between a string representing a motion signature and the regular expression describing an activity. We have used our framework to recognize trajectory-based activities like vehicle turns (U-turns, left and right turns, and K-turns), vehicle start and stop, a person running and walking, and periodic articulated activities like hand waving, boxing, hand clapping and digging in videos from the VIRAT public dataset, the KTH dataset, and a set of videos obtained from YouTube. Our framework is fast (it runs at nearly 3 times real time) and on the KTH dataset, it is shown to outperform three of the latest existing approaches.
Abstract P150: Cardiac Cath Lab Handovers for Inpatients

Background: Patient handovers between clinical areas are a crucial period in clinical care. Poor communication between caregivers can increase the risk of adverse events. We identified gaps in the ...
Prematurity/Extreme Prematurity

More than 25,000 newborns are preterm in the USA each year and many require surgical procedures. The common physiologic derangements seen in preterm newborns as well as the anesthetic considerations these morbidities warrant are discussed. Important general details of the perioperative care of preterm newborns such as fluid administration, glucose management, and respiratory support are reviewed.
Carbonate Deposits In the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, Southern Utah and Northern Arizona, U.S.A.

Abstract: Carbonate strata constitute a minor proportion of the widespread eolian Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone but are vital for understanding the hydrological and paleoecological dynamics of the erg system. The carbonate lithologies are in the form of tufa (carbonate spring) mounds and lacustrine beds, predominantly limestone and/or dolomite with minor constituents of chert and clastics. The tufa mounds and lacustrine carbonate beds occur separately or together; where together, the springs are interpreted to have sourced water to the lakes. Where they are not associated with tufa mounds, the lacustrine carbonate beds may have formed where the water table intersected the topographic surface through seepage. Many of the deposits exhibit three common characteristics: (1) clastic facies in the carbonate beds that indicate proximity to the lake margin; (2) deformation of the lower beds of the carbonate units by catastrophic dewatering events; and (3) a variety of weathering features and evaporite crystal molds that indicate periodic subaerial exposure. These deposits were also the habitats of a rich terrestrial biota, including vertebrates, aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, and plants, including large trees. In addition to the tufa mounds, several other mound-like structures occur in the carbonate beds as stromatolite mounds, carbonate beds draped over primary topography, tepee structures, and accumulations around tree trunks.
Polyphenols in Health and Disease: Practice and Mechanisms of Benefits

Polyphenols are food constituents rich in a number of phenolic compounds. Polyphenols are commonly used in good health keeping and disease prevention. Recently, several food industries, fruit processing and nutrition formula companies have marketed polyphenol brands after careful government-sponsored pre-clinical and clinical trials at advanced university medical centers and government sponsored hospitals. This chapter is divided into eight sections. The first section introduces a brief description of the overall structures of polyphenols. The second section reflects on the emerging art of polyphenols as food, followed by the second section on polyphenol-rich diet sources, the role of polyphenols in the body, and the mechanism of polyphenol action. The third section discusses the nutritional value of polyphenols in fruits and foods and biochemical action. The fourth section deals with polyphenols in health practices and their health benefits, followed by the fifth section on evidence-based values. A database of polyphenols in health and disease for nurses, scientists, physicians and social workers, is given in the sixth section. The seventh section deals with hypes in polyphenol health benefits and future directions. A major focus is on the mechanism of polyphenol-induced metabolic changes as a basis of benefits in chronic diseases. In conclusion, polyphenols have potentials in health and disease prevention, evidenced by preclinical trials with a caution of incomplete available clinical data and no federal regulatory guidelines available on toxicity or public concerns.
Elevated systemic biomarkers and persistent anxiety and depression in smokers with and without COPD: An analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort

Introduction: The systemic biomarkers associated with continued psychiatric symptoms in smokers with and without COPD are not known. We hypothesized that high baseline biomarkers would be associated with anxiety and depression at baseline and a year later. Methods: SPIROMICS is a prospective cohort study that has enrolled 2,981 participants across 4 strata (Never smokers, Smokers without COPD, Mild/Mod COPD, Severe COPD). We examined 1543 smokers with and without COPD and divided them into groups based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), defining Persistent Anxiety (PA+) as HADS-A≥8 at baseline and year 1 (n=222), and Persistent Depression (PD+) as HADS-D≥8 at baseline and year 1 (n=137). We analyzed selected baseline biomarkers, divided them into quartiles and compared the percentages in the upper quartile (referred to as “high”) between groups (PA+ vs. PA- and PD+ vs. PD-) with Chi squared tests. Preliminary Results: The PA+ group had greater percentages of high CBC (30.3 vs. 22.7%, p=0.014), CRP (30.6 vs. 24.1%, p=0.037), and Fibrinogen (31.1 vs. 23.7%, p=0.018). These differences were seen in those ≥60 years old but not Conclusions: High levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers are associated with persistent anxiety and depression in smokers with and without COPD, which vary based upon age and gender.
Surgical approach to limiting skin contracture following protractor myectomy for essential blepharospasm.

Purpose To report our experience with protractor myectomy in patients with benign essential blepharospasm who did not respond to serial botulinum toxin injection, and to describe intra- and postoperative techniques that limited skin contracture while also providing excellent functional and cosmetic results. Methods The medical records of patients with isolated, benign, essential blepharospasm who underwent protractor myectomy from 2005 to 2008 by a single surgeon were reviewed retrospectively. The technique entailed operating on a single eyelid during each procedure, using a complete en bloc resection of all orbicularis tissue, leaving all eyelid skin intact at the time of surgery, and placing the lid under stretch with Frost suture and applying a pressure dressing for 5-7 days. Results Data from 28 eyelids in 7 patients were included. Average follow-up was 21.5 months (range, 4-76 months). Of the 28 eyelids, 20 (71.4%) showed postoperative resolution of spasm, with no further need for botulinum toxin injections. In the 8 eyelids requiring further injections, the average time to injection after surgery was 194 days (range, 78-323 days), and the average number of injections was 12 (range, 2-23 injections). All but one eyelid had excellent cosmetic results, without signs of contracture; one eyelid developed postoperative skin contracture following premature removal of the Frost suture and pressure dressing because of concerns over increased intraocular pressure. Conclusions In our patient cohort, this modified technique resulted in excellent cosmetic and functional results and limited postoperative skin contracture.
Multidisciplinary experiment using steep regular waves to determine ship operating conditions that avoid capsize

This paper explores using steep regular waves to identifying safe operating conditions that avoid capsize. The data is from a multidisciplinary experiment using an autonomous scale-model running a proportional-derivative controller in aft of beam steep regular waves. The test explored relative wave headings from 15 $$^\circ $$ to 75 $$^\circ $$ and speeds from 0.1 to 0.4 Froude number. This effort analyzes the resultant ship trajectories to determine if the model obtained the desired operating conditions during each run. For slow speeds, safe operating conditions could not be identified since the requested headings could not be achieved. For moderate speeds, most requested headings could be achieved. At the highest speeds, only relative wave headings closer to beam seas could be explored as the model capsized in stern quartering waves. Results show that wavelength and wave steepness have minimal effects on the model’s ability to achieve a desired heading. Finally, only a limited number of runs are required to verify a safe operating condition since capsizes appear to be consistently repeatable. This research highlights the usefulness of using steep regular waves for capsize testing but also some of its limitations.
Teaching and integrating computer ethics into the computer science curriculum: tutorial presentation

Since 1987, ACM and IEEE have supported the inclusion of social and professional issues (computer ethics) in computer science accreditation standards (Huff & Martin, 1995), and have continued to expand their endorsement of social and professional ethics coverage in Computing Curricula reports released in 1991 (ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Curriculum Task Force, 1991) and 2001 (IEEE-CS/ACM Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula, 2002). The 2001 Computing Curricula report identifies ten knowledge units regarding these topics, seven of which are considered core coverage (history of computing, social context of computing, methods and tools of analysis, professional and ethical responsibilities, risks and liabilities of computer-based systems, intellectual property, privacy and civil liberties), with the remaining three considered appropriate for elective coverage (computer crime, economic issues in computing, philosophical frameworks).
Winnicott's Object Relations Theory and the Work of the Holy Spirit:

While various studies have focused on the practical working of the Holy Spirit in counseling and therapy and the impact of the Holy Spirit on personality growth and development, few studies have of...
Clean Intermittent Catheterization and Urinary Diversion in the Management of Renal Transplant Recipients with Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

Renal transplant recipients with lower urinary tract dysfunction may be managed by urinary diversion or clean intermittent catheterization. To evaluate the comparative problems associated with each mode of therapy we studied 13 patients managed by clean intermittent catheterization (group 1, 6 patients) or urinary diversion (group 2, 7 patients). All 6 and 2 of 7 recipients in groups 1 and 2, respectively, had a neuropathic bladder. Mean followup was 3.7 +/- 1.5 (group 1) and 5.7 +/- 4.9 (group 2) years. Three allografts were lost in group 2 due to rejection (2) and death (1). Two patients each in groups 1 and 2 had febrile urinary tract infections requiring hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Complications related to urinary diversion developed in 4 patients in group 2. The serum creatinine at 1 and 3 years, number of hospital days per patient, total number of rejection episodes and number of patients employed in a full-time job following transplantation were similar in both groups. In summary, clean intermittent catheterization appears to have more morbidity in immunosuppressed transplant versus nontransplant patients but it may be preferable in renal transplant recipients due to the overall simplicity, positive psychological effect and comparable morbidity to other forms of management.
Population level outcomes and cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment pre- vs postkidney transplantation.

Direct-acting antivirals approved for use in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) now exist. HCV-positive (HCV+) ESRD patients have the opportunity to decrease the waiting times for transplantation by accepting HCV-infected kidneys. The optimal timing for HCV treatment (pre- vs posttransplant) among kidney transplant candidates is unknown. Monte Carlo microsimulation of 100 000 candidates was used to examine the cost-effectiveness of HCV treatment pretransplant vs posttransplant by liver fibrosis stage and waiting time over a lifetime time horizon using 2 regimens approved for ESRD patients. Treatment pretransplant yielded higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with posttransplant treatment in all subgroups except those with Meta-analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis stage F0 (pretransplant: 5.7 QALYs vs posttransplant: 5.8 QALYs). However, treatment posttransplant was cost-saving due to decreased dialysis duration with the use of HCV-infected kidneys (pretransplant: $735 700 vs posttransplant: $682 400). Using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000, treatment pretransplant was not cost-effective except for those with Meta-analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis stage F3 whose fibrosis progression was halted. If HCV+ candidates had access to HCV-infected donors and were transplanted ≥9 months sooner than HCV-negative candidates, treatment pretransplant was no longer cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER]: $107 100). In conclusion, optimal timing of treatment depends on fibrosis stage and access to HCV+ kidneys but generally favors posttransplant HCV eradication.
Zeitgebers and their association with rest-activity patterns.

Zeitgebers such as light, eating and physical activity provide input to the circadian clock. Chronic circadian misalignment is associated with significant adverse health effects. An improved unders...
Genetic control of immune response to pseudorabies and atrophic rhinitis vaccines: II. Comparison of additive direct and maternal genetic effects.

Data from 52 litters farrowed in two seasons of a cross-fostering experiment were analyzed to estimate variances and covariances for additive direct and maternal genetic effects on immune response to pseudorabies virus and B. bronchiseptica vaccine. Twenty purebred boars and 44 sows of the Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds were used. Immune response was measured after vaccine challenge. A modified-live pseudorabies (PR) vaccine was administered to piglets at 28 d of age; response was measured by logz serum neutralization titers at 56 d. An inactivated B. bronchiseptica bacterin was administered at 28, 42 and 112 d. Antibody levels were measured relative to positive and negative controls at 28, 56 and 119 d by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results from this study for heritability were .18  .09 for PR titer and .15  .07 and .52 + .15 for 56- and 119-d ELISA values, respectively. The variability due to nurse environment (maternal genetic variance and common environmental variance) as a percentage of phenotypic variance was 11.1% for PR titers and 29.6 and 8.8% for 56- and 119-d ELISA values, respectively. The heritabilities estimated in this study indicate that, if improved immune response to vaccines is desired, selection may be useful. However, the importance of maternal environment would make early selections less accurate than selections based on immune response measured later in life.
TCT-825 A Novel Post-Closure Method for Hemostatic Removal of the Impella CP Pump Among Patients With Cardiogenic Shock

Use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is growing exponentially. Vascular complications remain a concern, and best practices for device removal do not currently exist. We describe a novel post-closure technique for Impella CP removal and immediate hemostasis. Eight consecutive
A cost-effective, multi-flash, "ghost" imaging technique for high temporal and spatial resolution imaging of cavitation using "still-frame" cameras.

This paper describes a method for acquiring high temporal and spatial resolution images of cavitation events using a multiple-flash-per-camera-exposure imaging technique. A primary challenge associated with imaging cavitation is that the velocity of the bubble wall reaches its maximum ( ∼ 1.5 × 10 3 m / s) as the bubble size approaches its minimum ( ≲ 1 μ m). In order to adequately resolve dynamics on these scales, specialized—often prohibitively expensive—cameras with ultra-high frame-rates and resolutions are generally required. This paper describes low-cost, high-speed light emitting diode (LED) flash sources with minimum pulse widths of 20 ns that can be pulsed at rates of up to 17 MHz. The flashes are used to illuminate images of bubbles captured using high-resolution “still-frame” cameras wherein multiple flashes are issued from the LED(s) at known time intervals within a single camera exposure, resulting in overlapping snapshots of the same bubble at multiple unique time-points in a single image. The overlapping snapshots can be uniquely associated with the known time-points of the flashes based on their relative levels brightness. This paper demonstrate effective frame-rates up to 4 Mfps using this technique and the acquisition of snapshots at up to 13 unique time-points per exposure. Hardware descriptions of the flash sources and the programmable device used to control them are provided.
HEART FAILURE EVENTS AFTER TYPE 2 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) may now be more common than type 1 MI (T1MI) and is associated with high mortality rates. The relationship between T2MI and heart failure (HF) is uncertain and warrants evaluation. We identified patients with a T2MI at Massachusetts General Hospital between
Financial literacy and support for free trade in the UK

Recent events in Europe and the United States suggest that open economies are increasingly under stress as nationalist, protectionist and populist political entrepreneurs are gaining significant ground across the Western world. Many theories have been formulated as to which factors are more likely to explain such policy preferences. The hypothesis tested in this paper is that financial literacy affects economic policy preferences. I analyse data from the British Election Study and test my theory on support for free trade in the United Kingdom. Findings suggest that financial literacy does affect economic policy preferences. On average, financially literate individuals are more likely to think that free trade is good for the British economy. Furthermore, this is true regardless of economic self‐interest, as both financially literate winners and losers from globalisation are more likely to support free trade than their illiterate counterparts.
Sparse Convex Regression

We consider the problem of best k-subset convex regression using n observations in d variables. For the case without sparsity, we develop a scalable algorithm for obtaining high quality solutions i...
Model studies of the circle of Willis: flow and pressure changes.

Publisher Summary The relative inaccessibility of the circle of Willis in the living animal as well as the technical difficulties of measuring simultaneous flow and pressure at a number of points has made it necessary to attempt studies of pressure and flow by means of a model. The model data suggest that under these circumstances the closure of the posterior communicating makes essentially no difference in the ability of the circle to equalize pressure and flow. Since the right and left carotids contribute equal amounts of resistance to the system it would seem to be immaterial, as regards the efferent flow, as to which carotid was occluded in the presence of an occluded right posterior communicating artery. However the flow in the ipsilateral middle cerebral drops 10 % more in one case than in the other. The explanation for this decreased flow when both occlusions occur on the same side of the circle lies in the significant increase in pressure difference between open carotid and contralateral middle cerebral. In other words, the posterior portion of the circle aids in maintaining pressure at the middle cerebral if the occlusions occurs on opposite sides of the circle. When both occlusions occur on the same side some of the communicating vessels on the anterior end of the circle pass considerable more flow (with concomitantly larger pressure drops) toward the defrauded distal middle cerebral.
Pre-Sodiated Ti3C2Tx MXene Structure and Behavior as Electrode for Sodium-Ion Capacitors.

Layered titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene is a promising electrode material for use in next-generation electrochemical capacitors. However, the atomic-level information needed to correlate the distribution of intercalated cations with surface redox reactions, has not been investigated in detail. Herein we report on sodium preintercalated MXene with high sodium content (up to 2Na per Ti3C2Tx formula) using a solution of Na-biphenyl radical anion complex (E0 ≈ -2.6 SHE). Multiple sodiation sites and formation of a two-dimensional sodium domain structure at interfaces/surfaces is identified through combined computational simulations with neutron pair distribution function analysis. The induced layer charges and the redox process characterized by the density-functional tight-binding method on a local scale are found to greatly depend on the location of sodium ions. Electrochemical testing of the pre-sodiated MXene as an electrode material in a sodium-ion capacitor shows excellent reversibility and promising performance, indicating the feasibility of chemical preintercalation as an approach to prepare MXene electrodes for ion capacitors.
Neural function during emotion regulation and future depressive symptoms in youth at risk for affective disorders

Affective disorders (AD, including bipolar disorder, BD, and major depressive disorder) are severe recurrent illnesses. Identifying neural markers of processes underlying AD development in at-risk youth can provide objective, “early-warning” signs that may predate onset or worsening of symptoms. Using data (n = 34) from the Bipolar Offspring Study, we examined relationships between neural response in regions supporting executive function, and those supporting self-monitoring, during an emotional n-back task (focusing on the 2-back face distractor versus the 0-back no-face control conditions) and future depressive and hypo/manic symptoms across two groups of youth at familial risk for AD: Offspring of parents with BD (n = 15, age = 14.15) and offspring of parents with non-BD psychopathology (n = 19, age = 13.62). Participants were scanned and assessed twice, approximately 4 years apart. Across groups, less deactivation in the mid-cingulate cortex during emotional regulation (Rate Ratio = 3.07(95% CI:1.09–8.66), χ2(1) = 4.48, p = 0.03) at Time-1, and increases in functional connectivity from Time-1 to 2 (Rate Ratio = 1.45(95% CI:1.15–1.84), χ2(1) = 8.69, p = 0.003) between regions that showed deactivation during emotional regulation and the right caudate, predicted higher depression severity at Time-2. Both effects were robust to sensitivity analyses controlling for clinical characteristics. Decreases in deactivation between Times 1 and 2 in the right putamen tail were associated with increases in hypo/mania at Time-2, but this effect was not robust to sensitivity analyses. Our findings reflect neural mechanisms of risk for worsening affective symptoms, particularly depression, in youth across a range of familial risk for affective disorders. They may serve as potential objective, early-warning signs of AD in youth.
A pilot study of an intensified ganciclovir dosing strategy for treatment of cytomegalovirus disease in kidney and/or pancreas transplant recipients.

Problem Mathematical modeling suggests aggressive ganciclovir dosing in the first week of cytomegalovirus disease (CMV) treatment may improve response. This has not been evaluated clinically. Methods Adult kidney and/or pancreas transplant recipients admitted with CMV (4/29/19-7/15/20) received IV ganciclovir(10 mg/kg Q12 h × 7 days) with step-down to standard-of-care (SOC) dosing thereafter (5 mg/kg Q12). A SOC cohort admitted before implementation of the dosing strategy (10/20/16-3/2/19) served as a comparator. Primary objective rate of viral clearance (delta log CMV) at therapy day 7. Secondary objective safety/short term efficacy. Results Fifty-four patients met inclusion criteria; 22 high-dose, 32 SOC. Demographics were similar with the exception of more women (45.4% vs. 15.6%,P = .03) and higher presenting viral-load in the high-dose group (log 6.0±.7 vs. log 5.2±1.2, P = .02). High-dose resulted in significantly greater response to therapy at day 7 (log -.92±.51 vs. log -.56±.79, P = .04). Change in WBC at day 7 was not different (-.49±1.92 vs. -.45±5.1, P = .97). Short-term clinical outcomes were similar between groups including mean hospital length-of-stay (P = .52), readmission rates (30 d: P = .38; 90 d: P = .5) and achievement of CMV viral-load less-than-lower-limit-of-quantification by day 90 (73% vs. 84%, P = .06). Rejection after CMV as well as graft/patient survival were similar between groups (P = .56, P > .99, P > .99). Conclusion A high-dose IV ganciclovir strategy results in improved viral clearance kinetics without safety concerns and similar short term clinical outcomes.
Highly-multiplexed volumetric mapping with Raman dye imaging and tissue clearing.

Mapping the localization of multiple proteins in their native three-dimensional (3D) context would be useful across many areas of biomedicine, but multiplexed fluorescence imaging has limited intrinsic multiplexing capability, and most methods for increasing multiplexity can only be applied to thin samples (<100 µm). Here, we harness the narrow spectrum of Raman spectroscopy and introduce Raman dye imaging and tissue clearing (RADIANT), an optical method that is capable of imaging multiple targets in thick samples in one shot. We expanded the range of suitable bioorthogonal Raman dyes and developed a tissue-clearing strategy for them (Raman 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (rDISCO)). We applied RADIANT to image up to 11 targets in millimeter-thick brain slices, extending the imaging depth 10- to 100-fold compared to prior multiplexed protein imaging methods. We showcased the utility of RADIANT in extracting systems information, including region-specific correlation networks and their topology in cerebellum development. RADIANT will facilitate the exploration of the intricate 3D protein interactions in complex systems. Simultaneous, Raman-based imaging of more than 10 proteins in thick samples.
Surveying the BSW Field Director

This national survey of BSW field directors reports on field program administration and processes, including field instructor orientation and training, student placement processes, field office resources, and field standards. Most field programs provide orientation and training, often on a mandatory basis, but many do not have effective consequences for field instructors who do not attend. A majority of field programs have student placement questionnaires and interviews, but field instructor interviews are the most common process used. Most field programs report adequate resources, but a significant minority report a lack of resources. Field standards and requirements vary considerably between programs. The benefits of increasing specificity of mandated standards at the cost of lessened program flexibility are discussed.
Accreditation of Employee Assistance Programs

* Preface: Certification, Licensure, and Accreditation in Employee Assistance Programs * Employee Assistance Program Accreditation: History and Outlook (Edward J. Haaz, John Maynard, Stephen C. Petrica, and Charles E. Williams) * Developing Standards for Accreditation (Stephanie Pacinella) * The Council on Accreditation Employee Assistance Program Accreditation Process (Timothy J. Stockert) * Interlock Employee and Family Assistance Corporation of Canada: An Accreditation Case Study (Paula M. Cayley, Ulrike Scheuchl, and Anne Bowen Walker) * Magellan Behavioral Health: A COA Accreditation Case Study (Christina H. Thompson) * Issues in International Employee Assistance Program Accreditation (Dale A. Masi) * The Future of Credentialing and Accreditation in Employee Assistance Programs (Louise Hartley and Donald G. Jorgensen) * APPENDIX * Council on Accreditation Employee Assistance Program Accreditation Standards (2nd Edition) * Index * Reference Notes Included
The Effect of Reduced Spatial Symmetries on Lattice States: Results for Non-zero Linear Momentum

The irreducible representations of the cubic space group are described and used to determine the mapping of continuum states to lattice states with non-zero linear momentum. The Clebsch-Gordan decomposition is calculated from the character table for the cubic space group. These results are used to identify multiparticle states which appear in the hadron spectrum on the lattice.
Predicting Growth Curves of Externalizing Behavior Across the Preschool Years

Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine 2 facets of externalizing behavior: its level at age 6 and its rate of change from age 2 to 6 among 299 boys from low-income families. As for age-6 level of externalizing behavior, maternal depressive symptoms, maternal acceptance of child behavior, parental conflict, and the interaction between maternal acceptance and maternal depressive symptoms were each uniquely associated with this outcome. Regarding the interaction, maternal acceptance was associated with externalizing behavior primarily when maternal depressive symptoms were low, and maternal depressive symptoms were related to externalizing behavior only when maternal acceptance was high. Externalizing behavior gradually decreased between ages 2 and 6; interactions between infant negative emotionality and maternal depressive symptoms and between parental conflict and maternal acceptance were associated with rate of change. Plots suggested a protective effect of low infant negative emotionality when maternal depressive symptoms were high and a larger effect of maternal acceptance when parental conflict was low compared to when it was high. Results add to a small but growing literature regarding predictors of continuity and change in early child externalizing behavior.
The roles of spinal interneurons and motoneurons in the lamprey locomotor network.

Publisher Summary The nervous system of the lamprey, a primitive vertebrate fish, is a relatively simple and convenient adult preparation for investigating the neuronal basis for locomotor behavior. This chapter provides a brief overview of some of the cellular mechanisms underlying fictive locomotion in the lamprey. Experiments assessing the minimal spinal substrate required for fictive swimming, the number of segments required, and whether commissural interneurons are necessary for rhythm generation are reported in the chapter. The chapter describes the morphology and activities of motoneurons and inter-neurons involved in fictive locomotion and gives information about how their electrophysiological properties change when the spinal cord goes from quiescence to an active state. Finally, the existence of feedback interactions from motoneurons to spinal neurons and the possible role for these interactions on network function are discussed. The isolated lamprey spinal cord offers a relatively simple and convenient adult preparation to investigate how nerve cells generate behavior and, in particular, the rhythmic motor patterns of locomotion. Nerve cell classes can be identified and their cellular and synaptic properties characterized, and a simple model based on demonstrated synaptic connectivity can account for the major aspects of fictive swimming. The properties of the spinal neurons have been shown to change during swimming activity but relatively little is known about how these changes occur or the effects that these changes have upon the activities of the network. In addition, much remains to be learned about the cell types and their synaptic interactions as demonstrated in the chapter with the newly discovered feedback connections from motoneurons, which have not so far been taken into account in modeling of the lamprey locomotor network.
Excitability modulation by taurine

Abstract The presence of taurine, a non-essential amino acid, in nerve and muscle has been previously associated with inhibition of activity in the central nervous system, with the etiology of epileptogenic foci, and with the muscle weakness of muscular dystrophy. We present here data showing a small and probably insignificant effect of taurine on neuromuscular transmission per se, but significant hyperpolarization of the membrane potential in both taurine-incubated and taurine-loaded muscles. In addition, we found that taurine reduces the time course of the muscle action potential. The results are interpreted in terms of membrane potential stabilization by taurine and reduction in the effectiveness of neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling consequent to these phenomena. This interpretation is compatible with the reported reduction of twitch tension by taurine but is not compatible with the hypothesis that taurine is involved in the genesis of muscular dystrophy where the membrane potential is depolarized. Our results and interpretations can also explain the anti-arrhythmic action of taurine on cardiac muscle.
Building Humans and Dances: Exploring Cultural Relevancy as Teaching Artists

As dance educators in Philadelphia’s schools and instructors of dance pedagogy at the university level, we offer a glimpse into our teaching practices as a resource for others. We, the co-authors, ...
Three-dimensional Hadamard-encoded proton spectroscopic imaging in the human brain using time-cascaded pulses at 3 Tesla.

PURPOSE To reduce the specific-absorption-rate (SAR) and chemical shift displacement (CSD) of three dimensional (3D) Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (HSI) and maintain its point spread function (PSF) benefits.