cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational validation of new Reynolds stress closure for nonequilibrium effects in turbulent flows

The computational formulation of a new nonequilibrium Reynolds stress closure is presented along with preliminary validation results for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous turbulent flow problems of practical engineering importance. The new nonequilibrium closure, which has been rigorously derived elsewhere, replaces the classical Boussinesq hypothesis appearing in many current two-equation turbulence models with a comparably simple representation for the Reynolds stresses, thereby allowing straightforward implementation in existing computational frameworks. The new nonequilibrium closure has been extended to include a rigorously derived realizable eddy viscosity, and theoretical details of the closure are evaluated through fundamental tests of periodically and impulsively sheared homogeneous turbulence. The full computational formulation of the nonequilibrium closure is outlined for both k-2 and k-ω model frameworks. Finally, preliminary inhomogeneous flow results are presented using the k-ω framework for turbulent flow over a flat-plate and the interaction of an impinging oblique shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer.
Adaptive Visual Analog Scales (AVAS): A Modifiable Software Program for the Creation, Administration, and Scoring of Visual Analog Scales

The Adaptive Visual Analog Scales is a freely available computer software package designed to be a flexible tool for the creation, administration, and automated scoring of both continuous and discrete visual analog scale formats. The continuous format is a series of individual items that are rated along a solid line and scored as a percentage of distance from one of the two anchors of the rating line. The discrete format is a series of individual items that use a specific number of ordinal choices for rating each item. This software offers separate options for the creation and use of standardized instructions, practice sessions, and rating administration, all of which can be customized by the investigator. A unique participant/patient ID is used to store scores for each item, and individual data from each administration are automatically appended to that scale’s data storage file. This software provides flexible, time-saving access for data management and/or importing data into statistical packages. This tool can be adapted so as to gather ratings for a wide range of clinical and research uses and is freely available at www.nrlc-group.net.
Sex Trafficking as the ‘New Slave Trade’?

This article analyzes the United Nation’s media branding of sex trafficking as the ‘New Slave Trade’. The association of forced sex with migrant women as slavery galvanizes a broad contingency against trafficking and broadens the power of the state to intervene in sexual activity under the jurisdiction of national security. Under the guise of national security, the media campaigns’ focus on slavery moralizes stronger border protection and the surveillance of migrants in order to prevent criminal networks and regimes of slavery from penetrating the pure boundaries of the USA nation-state.
Mechanical Degradation of Polyacrylamide Solutions in Core Plugs From Several Carbonate Reservoirs

This paper presents results of laboratory studies on mechanical degradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solutions in core samples from several different carbonate reservoirs. Studies in carbonates are of particular importance because several of the larger polymer projects are in carbonate reservoirs and because data on carbonate rocks have not previously been available. Much of the data in the literature was obtained with solutions of polymer in brine. Since HPAM polymers are generally more efficient in fresh waters, lower salinity waters were used for the bulk of the present study. Variables investigated included: polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration, and salinity of the aqueous solvent. The HPAM samples used were commercial products of varying molecular weight. Results were compared to correlations previously developed for sandstone core plugs and uncosolidated sands.
Diabetes knowledge and sources of information among African American and white older women.

African American women have a disproportionate risk of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Despite this risk, evidence indicates that educational interventions are not aimed at this populatio...
Changes in drought response strategies with ontogeny in Quercus rubra: implications for scaling from seedlings to mature trees.

We investigated scaling of physiological parameters between age classes of Quercus rubra by combining in situ field measurements with an experimental approach. In the in situ field study, we investigated changes in drought response with age in seedlings, juveniles, and mature trees of Q. rubra. Throughout the particularly dry summer of 1995 and the unusually wet summer of 1996 in New England, we measured water potential of leaves (ΨLeaf) and gas exchange of plants at three sites at the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts. In order to determine what fraction of the measured differences in gas exchange between seedlings and mature trees was due to environment versus ontogeny, an experiment was conducted in which seedlings were grown under light and soil moisture regimes simulating the environment of mature trees. The photosynthetic capacity of mature trees was three-fold greater than that of seedlings during the wet year, and six-fold greater during the drought year. The seedling experiment demonstrated that the difference in photosynthetic capacity between seedlings and mature trees is comprised equally of an environmental component (50%) and an ontogenetic component (50%) in the absence of water limitation. Photosynthesis was depressed more severely in seedlings than in mature trees in the drought year relative to the wet year, while juveniles showed an intermediate response. Throughout the drought, the predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD) of seedlings became increasingly negative (-0.4 to -1.6 MPa), while that of mature trees became only slightly more negative (-0.2 to -0.5 MPa). Again, juveniles showed an intermediate response (-0.25 to -0.8 MPa). During the wet summer of 1996, however, there was no difference in ΨPD between seedlings, juveniles and mature trees. During the dry summer of 1995, seedlings were more responsive to a major rain event than mature trees in terms of ΨLeaf , suggesting that the two age classes depend on different water sources. In all age classes, instantaneous measurements of intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), defined as C assimilation rate divided by stomatal conductance, increased as the drought progressed, and all age classes had higher WUEi during the drought year than in the wet year. Mature trees, however, showed a greater ability to increase their WUEi in response to drought. Integrated measurements of WUE from C isotope discrimination (Δ) of leaves indicated higher WUE in mature trees than juveniles and seedlings. Differences between years, however, could not be distinguished, probably due to the strong bias in C isotope fractionation at the time of leaf production, which occurred prior to the onset of drought conditions in 1995. From this study, we arrive at two main conclusions.
Predictive output feedback control of parabolic PDEs

This work focuses on predictive output feedback control of linear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems with state and control constraints. Under the assumption that a finite, yet sufficiently large, number of output measurements is available, two predictive output feedback controllers are constructed and sufficient conditions are derived under which these controllers enforce stability and constraint satisfaction in the infinite-dimensional closed-loop system, respectively.
Long-term biological effects of coastal hypoxia in Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, USA

Abstract Hypoxia (low oxygen conditions) occurs in the southeastern region of Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, U.S.A. every summer. Previously, it was found that there were direct effects on macrobenthic infauna (i.e., reduced biomass, abundance and diversity), and even though invertebrates were found primarily in the surface sediments of the hypoxic area, there was no significant indication of indirect effects (i.e., increased predation pressure). The purpose of the current study is to identify long-term effects (14–19 years) of hypoxia by comparing the dynamics of communities of infauna collected by sediment cores and epifauna collected from trawls in and out of the hypoxic zone in Corpus Christi Bay. The benthic infaunal community is distinctly degraded in the hypoxic zone in terms of long-term average abundance, biomass, and diversity. The loss is primarily from the surface — rather than deep-dwelling infauna. The epibenthic community of fish and mobile invertebrates has a higher long-term average abundance in the hypoxic area, but lower diversity. Although epifaunal diversity was lower in the hypoxic area for both infauna and epifauna, the long-term dynamics are different because species accumulation over time was similar between the two sites for epifauna, but very low for infauna in the hypoxic area. The hypoxic community is a subset of the normoxic community for both infauna and epifauna, indicating that stress is affecting taxa intolerant of low oxygen conditions.
A Comparison of Two Sampling Devices for the Recovery of Organics from Aqueous Surface Films

Abstract Teflon disc and wire screen type surface film samplers were compared as to their consistency and efficiency of retrieval of hydrocarbons, aromatics, and free fatty acids. Both laboratory and field experiments were conducted. The results obtained suggest that each device exhibits selectivity in its respective ability to recover organic compounds at the air-water interface.
Isolated Calf Vein Thrombosis

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The authors performed this study to compare magnetic resonance (MR) venography and conventional venography in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the calf after sonography. Materials and Methods Sonography was performed in 595 patients who were suspected of having lower-extremity DVT. Patients with positive above-knee duplex sonograms, allergy to iodinated contrast material, renal insufficiency, or cardiac pacemakers and patients who were obese were excluded. The remaining 73 patients were asked to undergo MR venography and conventional venography. All studies were to be performed within 48 hours of the clinical diagnosis and according to standard clinical practice. Images were interpreted by radiologists who were blinded to the results of other modalities. Two separate analyses were performed: one in which conventional venography was used as the standard of reference, and one in which the presence of at least two positive studies for thrombus was considered diagnostic. Results Although 36 patients agreed to participate in the study, only 14 underwent MR venography and conventional venography within 48 hours of the clinical diagnosis. With use of any two positive studies for confirmation, acute DVT was diagnosed in three patients. Conventional venography depicted two of the three cases, whereas sonography and MR venography each depicted all three. The findings were concordant in only five of the 14 patients. Conclusion Moderate discrepancy among modalities was demonstrated. This suggests radiologists should undertake comparisons among these three modalities for the detection of calf DVT. In patients with a high clinical suspicion, a second modality may be useful if the initial study is negative.
Self-efficacy beliefs in college statistics courses.

We developed measures of current statistics self-efficacy (CSSE) and self-efficacy to learn statistics (SELS) to address whether statistics self-efficacy is related to statistics performance, and whether self-efficacy for statistics increases during an introductory statistics course. Both instruments yielded reliable, one-factor solutions that were related positively to each other and to two measures of statistics performance (i.e., specific statistics problems and overall course performance). The CSSE and SELS also were related positively to math self-efficacy and attitudes towards statistics, but related negatively to anxiety. Changes between two different testing occasions using the CSSE indicated that statistics self-efficacy increased almost two standard deviations over a 12-week instructional period.
Catastrophizing, depression and the sensory, affective and evaluative aspects of chronic pain

Research has shown that catastrophizing is related to increased depression and chronic pain. However, some researchers have questioned the utility of catastrophizing as a separate construct, suggesting that it may just be a symptom of depression. The present investigation used path analysis to determine if catastrophizing was related to McGill Pain Questionnaire scores when controlling for depression as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory in a group of 85 chronic pain patients. According to Fields' model of the relationship between pain and depression, we predicted that catastrophizing would mediate the the relationship between depression and the evaluative and affective aspects of pain, but not the sensory aspect. The resulting path coefficients appear to support these predictions. The results suggest that catastrophizing is a separate construct which may impact on pain perception and treatment. The data also provide some support for Field's neurobiological model of the relationship between depression and pain.
KEDS: a knowledge-based equation discovery system for engineering problems

Many engineering phenomena of interest are characterized by non-homogeneity. The authors discuss how the intertwining of the partitioning and discovery processes enables KEDS to learn relationships from engineering data and to extract the structure underlying these relationships. They present the KEDS algorithm and discuss the interaction between the two discovery and partitioning phases. Some extensions to the basic algorithm are described that greatly improve the performance of KEDS and increase the representation power of the models by permitting a probabilistic partitioning of the problem space. The results from running the KEDS system on data from a simulator for an internal combustion engine are presented. >
TSV stress aware timing analysis with applications to 3D-IC layout optimization

As the geometry shrinking faces severe limitations, 3D wafer stacking with through silicon via (TSV) has gained interest for future SOC integration. Since TSV fill material and silicon have different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), TSV causes silicon deformation due to different temperatures at chip manufacturing and operating. The widely used TSV fill material is copper which causes tensile stress on silicon near TSV. In this paper, we propose systematic TSV stress aware timing analysis and show how to optimize layout for better performance. First, we generate a stress contour map with an analytical radial stress model. Then, the tensile stress is converted to hole and electron mobility variations depending on geometric relation between TSVs and transistors. Mobility variation aware cell library and netlist are generated and incorporated in an industrial timing engine for 3D-IC timing analysis. It is interesting to observe that rise and fall time react differently to stress and relative locations with respect to TSVs. Overall, TSV stress induced timing variations can be as much as ± 10% for an individual cell. Thus as an application for layout optimization, we can exploit the stress-induced mobility enhancement to improve timing on critical cells. We show that stress-aware perturbation could reduce cell delay by up to 14.0% and critical path delay by 6.5% in our test case.
Raman spectroscopy demonstrates prolonged alteration of bone chemical composition following extremity localized irradiation.

Introduction Radiotherapy to the appendicular skeleton can cause an increased risk of developing catastrophic fractures with delayed bone healing or non-union, and may subsequently require multiple procedures and amputation. Biomechanical studies suggest that irradiated bone is more brittle, but the cause is unclear and cannot be explained by changes to bone structure or quantity, suggesting that there are crucial changes in irradiated bone material properties. Raman spectroscopy provides a means to assess the chemical properties of the mineral and matrix constituents of bone, which could help explain post-radiation embrittlement. In this study we use a murine tibial model with focal irradiation and perform Raman spectroscopy to test the hypothesis that changes in bone chemistry following irradiation is consistent with reduced bone quality and persists in the long term after irradiation.
Setting standards and developing technology to aid the human identity testing community

Abstract Our project team at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is funded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to conduct research that benefits the human identity testing community and to create tools that enable forensic DNA laboratories to be more effective in analyzing DNA. We certify standard reference materials, conduct interlaboratory studies, produce new assays to enable improved recovery of information from degraded DNA, evaluate new loci for potential future use in human identity applications, and generate standard information and training materials that are made available on the NIST STRBase website: http://www.cstl.nist.gov/biotech/strbase/ . New genetic markers and assays involving STR and SNP loci are examined in a U.S. reference population data set involving approximately 660 samples that are of Caucasian, Hispanic, and African American origin. Efforts to improve STR and SNP typing resources and assays for the community are described.
Leptographium tereforme sp. nov. and other Ophiostomatales isolated from the root-feeding bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda in California

The redhaired pine bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) is native to Europe but was discovered in Los Angeles, California, in 2003. This root- and stump-feeding beetle is a common vector of Ophios- tomatales, which are potential tree pathogens or causes of blue stain of conifer sapwood. In this study Ophiostomatales were isolated on a cycloheximide- amended medium from 118 adult H. ligniperda collected from infested logs of Pinus halepensis and P. pinea at two sites in California. In total eight species of Ophiostomatales were identified and seven species that occasionally were isolated were unidentified. The most frequently isolated species were Ophiostoma ips and Grosmannia galeiforme ,w hich were isolated respectively from 31% and 23% of the 118 beetles. The other species isolated included O. piceae (isolated from 9% of the beetles), O. querci (8% )a nd Leptographium tereforme sp. nov. (6%). Grosmannia huntii, L. serpens ,t hreeSporothrix species, O. floccosum, O. stenoceras, two unidentified Hyalorhino- cladiella sp. and a sterile fungus each were isolated from fewer then 5% of beetles. Most of the identified species already were known in USA and have been found in association with H. ligniperda in other countries. However the new species, L. tereforme, and G. galeiforme were recorded from USA for the first time, and this is the first report of L. serpens from western North America.
Interests not passions : Mexican-American attitudes toward Mexico, immigration from Mexico, and other issues shaping U.S.-Mexico relations

As Mexico has become more significant to the United States in the past decade, political leaders on both sides of the border have raised questions regarding the role that the Mexican-origin populat...
Asymptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis Defined by Ultrasound and the Risk of Subsequent Stroke in the Elderly The Cardiovascular Health Study

Background and Purpose —We sought in this study to relate carotid ultrasound findings in asymptomatic older adults to the 5-year risk of various cerebrovascular outcomes used in the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS). Methods —The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is a longitudinal study of people 65 years and older. Analyses of internal carotid artery stenosis defined by multiple different cutoffs of peak systolic velocity, rather than one particular cutoff, were performed in the 5441 participants who underwent carotid ultrasound and lacked a history of transient ischemic attack or stroke. The 5-year risks of 7 cerebrovascular disease outcomes used in ACAS were estimated for each cutoff. Results —Associations with the 5-year risk of outcomes were substantially elevated only at cutoffs with high peak systolic velocities. In this population, the number of people with such high velocities was small. For example, with a cutoff of approximately 2.5 m/s, suggesting a stenosis of >70%, the 5-year risk of an ipsilateral fatal or nonfatal stroke was 5%, and only 0.5% of the group had velocities at least this high. Conclusions —In a group of older adults likely to participate in a screening program, as evidenced by willingness to participate in CHS, high peak systolic velocities consistent with high-grade carotid stenosis were uncommon and risk of subsequent cerebrovascular disease outcomes was relatively low. These findings do not suggest that similar populations of older adults would benefit from a program using ultrasound to screen for asymptomatic carotid stenosis.
Low-Energy Supersymmetry

We discuss the problem of constructing a model in which supersymmetry is unbroken down to low energies. It is suggested that the scalar partners of quarks and leptons may get their masses through radiative corrections and that the breaking of the weak interactions also occurs through radiative corrections. A toy model is constructed which illustrates these ideas.
The random N-policy

A vacation queueing system, where the server idles until a random number N of customers accumulates in a queue is investigated. Following the arrival of the N-th customer, the server serves exhaustively the queue and then a new idling period commences. The vacation queuing system is a generalization of the conventional N-policy queue with N a constant number. The steady state distribution of the queue size and the waiting time of a customer are derived in transform forms for both the FIFO and LIFO service disciplines. >
Effects of extraneous fear arousal and birth order on attitude change

This study explored the effects of extraneous fear arousal on susceptibility to a persuasive communication. Under the guise of participating in a psychophysiology experiment, Ss were led to believe that they would receive a series of either strong or weak shocks. Ss were then induced to participate in a “second experiment” while waiting for E to prepare his equipment. The second experiment consisted of reading a persuasive communication and completing several questionnaires. Results for attitude change for males showed a Fear by Birth Order interaction. Results for females showed only a main effect of fear arousal, with more persuasion occurring in the low-fear than in the high-fear conditions.
Estrogen mitogenic action. I. Demonstration of estrogen-dependent MTW9/PL2 carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumor cell growth in serum-supplemented culture and technical implications

Abstract The MTW9/PL cell line was established by our laboratory in culture from the carcinogen-induced hormone-responsive MT-W9A rat mammary tumor of a Wistar–Furth (W/Fu) rat. This tumor formed estrogen, androgen, and progesterone responsive tumors in W/Fu rats (Sirbasku, D. A., Cancer Res. 38:1154–1165; 1978). It was later used to derive the MTW9/PL2 cell population which was also estrogen-responsive in vivo (Danielpour, D., et al., In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 24:42–52; 1988). In the study presented here, we describe serum-supplemented culture conditions in which the MTW9/PL2 cells demonstrate ≥80-fold steroid hormone growth responses. All sera used were steroid hormone–depleted by charcoal–dextran treatment at 34° C. The studies were done with horse serum as well as serum from other mammalian species. The growth of the MTW9/PL2 cells was biphasic in response to hormone-depleted serum. Concentrations of ≤5% (v/v) promoted optimum growth. Above this concentration, serum was inhibitory. Concentrations ≥40%...
Reflex cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to increasing H+ activity in cat hindlimb muscle

Static exercise increases arterial pressure, heart rate, and ventilation, effects which are believed in part to arise reflexly from a metabolic stimulus in the working muscle. In anesthetized cats, we tested the hypothesis that intra-arterial injections of lactic and hydrochloric acid, which created levels of these substances in muscle similar to those seen during contraction, reflexly increased cardiovascular and ventilatory function. Hydrochloric acid (32 and 57 mM; 1 ml) injected into the arterial supply of the triceps surae decreased intramuscular pH from 7.26 +/- 0.05 to 7.17 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.01) and reflexly increased arterial pressure (23 +/- 7 mmHg; P less than 0.01), heart rate (11 +/- 2 beats/min; P less than 0.001), and ventilation (187 +/- 72 ml/min; P less than 0.05). Static contraction of the triceps surae decreased intramuscular pH from 7.28 +/- 0.06 to 7.13 +/- 0.06 (P less than 0.01). Lactic acid was more potent in causing reflexes than was equimolar HCl. For example, lactic acid containing 4 mM lactate and 0.87 mM H+ reflexly increased arterial pressure, heart rate, and ventilation, whereas 0.87 mM HCl did not. Intra-arterial sodium lactate (13 and 33 mM) at a neutral pH had no effect on these variables. We conclude that contraction-induced accumulation of H+, especially that arising from lactic acid, might provide a metabolic stimulus to evoke reflex autonomic effects.
Combined consumption of soy germ and tomato powders results in altered isoflavone and carotenoid bioavailability in rats.

The efficacy of combinations of food for enhanced anticancer activity is of clinical interest, but there is limited information on the effect of combined consumption on bioactive bioavailability. Male Copenhagen rats consumed diets containing 10% tomato powder (TP), 2% soy germ (SG), neither, or a combination (TP+SG) for 25 weeks (n = 63) or 7 days (n = 24). After 7 days, serum carotenoids were significantly lower after TP+SG feeding compared to TP alone. After 25 weeks, the TP+SG group had significantly lower lycopene and β-carotene concentration in the testes, seminal vesicles, and ventral prostate compared to the TP group and significantly higher urinary isoflavone excretion compared to the SG group. These differences were not explained by mRNA expression of scavenger receptor class B type I, carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase I, carotene 9′,10′-monooxygenase II, or activity of hepatic detoxification enzymes. The results suggest interactions between soy germ and tomato powder that enhance isoflavone absorpt...
Internet Use among Chinese-American breast Cancer survivors

This study describes information seeking behaviors and patient characteristics associated with Internet use by 72 Chinese-American breast cancer survivors diagnosed in the past 5 years and living in Houston, Texas. Face-to-face interviews showed that only 56% used the Internet for health information; only 9% used e-mail or visited a website to communicate with a doctor's office or get online provider advice. Results indicate that health providers who want to reach breast cancer patients with limited English skills need to take into account this low use of Internet resources and web-based information. Particularly important is the need to develop and make available culturally effective and appropriate health information in the native languages of the patients to promote greater health literacy.
Competition and Commitment in Voluntary Memberships: The Paradox of Persistence and Participation

Much of the research on voluntary associations has argued that commitment to the group determines member participation and persistence. In this framework, highly committed members participate to a greater degree than less committed members, and maintain their connection with the group over longer periods of time. Less committed members, on the other hand, participate sporadically, and tend to drop their memberships easily. This commitment thesis implies a positive relationship between participation and persistence: the more the member pat ticipates, the longer the duration of membership. We argue that this individual level thesis should be supplanted by a system level understanding, in which the competition among social groups for individual resources determines persistence and participation. This competition thesis predicts a negative relationship between persistence of membership and participation in group activities: the more the member participates, the shorter the average dura- tion of membership. We use event history analysis to test these opposing hypotheses on a sample of 1587 membership spells covering a fifteen year time period. We find strong and consistent support for the competition thesis.
Systemic administration of anti-NGF increases A-type potassium currents and decreases pancreatic nociceptor excitability in a rat model of chronic pancreatitis

We have previously shown that pancreatic sensory neurons in rats with chronic pancreatitis (CP) display increased excitability associated with a decrease in transient inactivating potassium current...
Environmental Support and Design: An Information Processing Perspective:

Environmental Support has been loosely defined to mean those aspects of a task that reside outside the person. For instance, a recognition task is said to provide more environmental support than a ...
Closeness and beauty | A Proximidade e o Belo (Trad. Sueli Cavendish)

"The now ubiquitous “selfie-stick,” in its embarrassing directness, has added a grotesque degree of evidence to a condition of experience that we have long been familiar with. Visitors at art museums stepping a few steps back and a few steps forth in order to find what will end up appearing to be the “right” distance in front of a painting; potential spectators making a value decision about price levels for different locations in a theater building, a stadium, or a concert hall; and a connoisseur getting his nose close to a glass of wine in order to appreciate what we call (in the most tautological of all metonymies) its “nose” – they all competently act within multiple parameters of the complex relation between distance, closeness and aesthetic experience although they may never have explicitly thought about them. And despite that strange metonymy of a “nose” standing in the syntactical place reserved for the smells of wine, I should emphasize right from the start of my brief reflection about the triple relationship between distance, closeness, and aesthetic experience in its different modalities that, even in the most complex varieties, the dimensions of this relationship are all “real,” in the sense of being spatial, geometrical, and measurable in inches, feet, and yards. [...]" "O agora onipresente “pau–de-selfie”, em sua embaracosa exposicao, acrescentou mais um grotesco grau de evidencia a uma condicao com que ha muito nos familiarizamos. Visitantes de museus de arte, retrocedendo alguns passos e avancando outros passos, a fim de encontrar o que ao final se revele como a distância “correta” a frente de um quadro; espectadores potenciais discutindo os niveis de precos para os diversos lugares num teatro, num estadio, ou numa casa de opera; e um connoisseur aproximando o nariz de uma taca de vinho a fim de apreciar o que chamamos (na mais tautologica das metonimias) seu “cheiro” – todos agem de forma competente nos multiplos parâmetros das complexas relacoes entre a distância, a proximidade e a experiencia estetica, embora seja bem possivel que jamais tenham pensado objetivamente sobre elas. E a despeito da estranha metonimia de um nariz ocupando o lugar sintatico reservado para as essencias do vinho, devo enfatizar logo no inicio da minha breve reflexao sobre a tripla relacao entre a distância, a proximidade e a experiencia estetica em suas diferentes modalidades que, mesmo nas mais complexas variedades, as dimensoes dessa relacao sao todas “reais”, no sentido de serem espaciais, geometricas e mensuraveis em polegadas, pes e jardas. [...]"
Rif1 Regulates the Fate of DNA Entanglements during Mitosis

Clearance of entangled DNA from the anaphase mid-region must accurately proceed in order for chromosomes to segregate with high fidelity. Loss of Taz1 (fission yeast ortholog of human TRF1/TRF2) leads to stalled telomeric replication forks that trigger telomeric entanglements; the resolution of these entanglements fails at ≤20°C. Here, we investigate these entanglements and their promotion by the conserved replication/repair protein Rif1. Rif1 plays no role in taz1Δ fork stalling. Rather, Rif1 localizes to the anaphase mid-region and regulates the resolution of persisting DNA structures. This anaphase role for Rif1 is genetically separate from the role of Rif1 in S/G2, though both roles require binding to PP1 phosphatase, implying spatially and temporally distinct Rif1-regulated phosphatase substrates. Rif1 thus acts as a double-edged sword. Although it inhibits the resolution of taz1Δ telomere entanglements, it promotes the resolution of non-telomeric ultrafine anaphase bridges at ≤20°C. We suggest a unifying model for Rif1's seemingly diverse roles in chromosome segregation in eukaryotes.
The role of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of high-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults.

Studies in the last decade show that most adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) can achieve remission with intensive induction chemotherapy. Depending on the risk factors present at diagnosis In an individual patient, continued remissions range from less than 10% to more than 50%. The following factors have been shown to be predictive of relapse: high white cell count at diagnosis, age beyond 30, extramedullary disease at presentation, unfavorable chromosomal translocations, time longer than 6 weeks to enter remission, and use of less intensive chemotherapy for induction. Studies have been conducted to determine whether allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) could improve the outcome for patients with high-risk ALL when performed during first remission. These studies have shown that these patients have a 40% to 60% chance of disease-free survival. The current recommended strategy for patients with high-risk ALL in first remission is to undergo bone marrow transplantation prior to relapse. For those in second and subsequent remissions or those who do not achieve remission, allogeneic BMT still offers the best chance for cure of the disease.
A Blessitt event: Reverend Arthur Blessitt invites youth to ‘tune in, turn on, drop out’

Every generation has its own special style. A leading young minister to hippies and addicts appeals to youth through their Mod style, using identification in its fullest sense. In doing so, he raises a question of relevance versus ethical obligation.
Emotions and Language Teacher Identity: Conflicts, Vulnerability, and Transformation.

This study discusses how the shifting teaching context via globalization generates new demands for English language teachers, and how teachers' emotional responses to this shift affect their identity and practice. Based on interviews with five secondary English teachers in South Korea, the study presents these teachers' conflicted stories such as cover and secret stories regarding study abroad returnee students in their classrooms. These stories were analyzed in relation to teachers' emotional experiences of “vulnerability” (Lasky, 2005) to examine how vulnerability affects teachers' orientations to their ongoing professional development—contributing to or preventing their pedagogical and self-transformation. Teachers who experienced the protective dimension evinced conflicted stories about returnee students, which is grounded in those teachers' own anxiety about their competence and the “sacred story” about the teacher as all-knowing. The open vulnerability of other teachers, together with their confidence in personal language skills and practice, encouraged attentiveness to individual students and a curriculum of lived experience for both teachers and students. The emotional experiences described in this study allow the subjectivity of language teachers to be traced to its social and institutional contexts.
Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages

This volume contains the papers and abstracts presented at POPL'03, the Thirtieth Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. The POPL conference is a forum for presentation of research on the design, foundations, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and programming systems. This year's conference is in New Orleans, Louisiana.A total of 126 extended abstracts were received in response to a call for papers. SIGPLAN policy forbids submission from members of the program committee. Each submission was read by members of the program committee and short reviews were collected and discussed by the committee as a whole. The deliberation led to the selection of 24 papers. Each abstract was judged according to the originality, clarity, innovation, perceived importance, and appropriateness to the expected audience. Due to the format of the conference, many good papers were not selected.In addition to the contributed papers, the POPL'03 program features three invited talks. The invited speakers were selected by the committee to complement and enhance the program of contributed papers.Although submissions were read and evaluated, the papers that appear in this volume may differ in form and content from the submitted abstracts. The conference selection process does not constitute full review of the work. It is expected that many of the papers printed here will be revised and submitted to refereed archival journals for publication.
Program Director Perceptions of the General Surgery Milestones Project

Objective As a result of the Milestones Project, all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited training programs now use an evaluation framework based on outcomes in 6 core competencies. Despite their widespread use, the Milestones have not been broadly evaluated. This study sought to examine program director (PD) perceptions of the Milestones Project. Design, Setting, and Participants A national survey of general surgery PDs distributed between January and March of 2016. Results A total of 132 surgical PDs responded to the survey (60% response rate). Positive perceptions included value for education (55%) and evaluation of resident performance (58%), as well as ability of Milestones to provide unbiased feedback (55%) and to identify areas of resident deficiency (58%). Meanwhile, time input and the ability of Milestones to discriminate underperforming programs were less likely to be rated positively (25% and 21%, respectively). Half of PDs felt that the Milestones were an improvement over their previous evaluation system (55%). Conclusions Using the Milestones as competency-based, developmental outcomes measures, surgical PDs reported perceived benefits for education and objectivity in the evaluation of resident performance. The overall response to the Milestones was generally favorable, and most PDs would not return to their previous evaluation systems. To improve future iterations of the Milestones, many PDs expressed a desire for customization of the Milestones’ content and structure to allow for programmatic differences.
The Effect of Male Confederate Presence, Betting, and Accuracy of Play on Males' Gambling on Blackjack.

Previous research suggests that the actions of a confederate can alter participants’ gambling behavior. In the present experiment, male participants played Blackjack either alone or in the presence of a confederate. The confederate either quit early in the session or played for the entire session. Across sessions in which the confederate played for the entire session, how much the confederate bet per hand and how accurately he played were manipulated. Participants gambled significantly more money across the session when a confederate played the entire session than when a confederate left early in the session. During sessions in which the confederate played for the entire session, the number of hands participants played and their total amount bet varied directly with the confederate’s bet size. Overall, the results indicate that gambling behavior can be indirectly influenced by another’s gambling behavior, which may provide useful data for researchers and therapists seeking to predict and control gambling behavior.
North Pacific Influences on Long Island Sound Temperature Variability

AbstractClimate indicators related to Long Island Sound (LIS) water and air temperature variability were investigated. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and East Pacific/North Pacific (EP/NP) patterns are found to be strongly correlated with LIS air temperature anomalies during most seasons, especially during the winter. Additionally, the winter EP/NP index is strongly correlated with subsequent spring and summer LIS water temperature anomalies, potentially rendering the EP/NP index useful in extended LIS water temperature outlooks. Such a lagged relationship is found to be related largely to the decorrelation time scale of seasonal water temperature anomalies. The atmospheric circulation pattern associated with anomalous LIS water temperature conditions is consistent with atmospheric Rossby wave trains emanating from the western equatorial Pacific. The EP/NP index has a characteristic time-scale of approximately 5 to 10 years and such fluctuations are termed the quasi-decadal mode, the mode identifie...
Properties of Insensitive Energetic Materials and Their Measurement

The development of insensitive energetic materials with stability, high performance, reliability, safety, and low toxicity requires measurement and prediction of thermophysical and thermochemical properties. The measurement and estimation of properties such as the enthalpy of formation, density, detonation velocity, detonation pressure and sensitivity are used to screen potential energetic candidates. Experimental data are also needed to test prediction methods and molecular models. This chapter outlines experimental methods to measure some of the important properties. Different methods of determining a property and the theory associated have been outlined.
Reactive Acyl-CoA Species and Deacylation by the Mitochondrial Sirtuins

Abstract The sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes that remove acyl-lysine modifications from a variety of proteins, thereby controlling a myriad of cellular processes. In mitochondria, reactive acyl-CoA species lead to a wide range of protein posttranslational modifications. Three sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) primarily localized in mitochondria remove distinct acyl-groups from lysine side chains, which control protein function. Indeed, high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies have identified thousands of acyl-protein modifications across hundreds of mitochondrial proteins. Emerging evidence shows a relationship between physiological stress, changes in carbon metabolism and protein modifications, and a key role for sirtuins in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. In this chapter, we discuss key roles of the mitochondrial sirtuins, with a particular emphasis on cardiac studies. We also highlight key questions remaining in the field, including the mechanisms by which acylation influences protein function and the role of sirtuins in shaping the global mitochondrial acyl-lysine landscape.
Pregnant women in the workplace: distinguishing between normal and abnormal physiologic changes

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported in 2001 that 51% of married women return to the work force before their children are 1 year old (Rojjanasrirat, 2004). Women's roles in the United States are rapidly changing, and the workplace environment is also changing to meet the added demands of women in the work force. Many women assimilate the multiple roles of wife, mother, and working professional into a cohesive unit; however, this is often difficult. Occupational health nurses play a vital role advocating for women in the work force. A critical area of advocacy (and education) focuses on providing necessary support to pregnant employees.
Soil Reaction and Acidic Deposition

This chapter discusses the major chemical processes by which acidic deposition interacts with soils. The focus is on forest soils, as the effects of acidic deposition on soils used for production of food and fiber are generally small compared to effects of agricultural practices such as nitrogen fertilizer applications and liming.
The optic nerve head as a biomechanical structure: initial finite element modeling.

Purpose To study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and the IOP-related stress (force/cross-sectional area) it generates within the load-bearing connective tissues of the optic nerve head. Methods Thirteen digital, three-dimensional geometries were created representing the posterior scleral shell of 13 idealized human eyes. Each three-dimensional geometry was then discretized into a finite element model consisting of 900 constituent finite elements. In five models, the scleral canal was circular (diameters of 0.50, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, and 2.56 mm), with scleral wall thickness (0.8 mm) and inner radius (12.0 mm) held constant. In three models, the canal was elliptical (vertical-to-horizontal ratios of 2:1 [2.50 x 1.25 mm], 1.5:1 [2.1 x 1.4 mm], and 1.15:1 [1.92 x 1.67 mm]), with the same constant scleral wall thickness and inner radius. In five additional models, scleral canal size was held constant (1.92 x 1.67 mm), and either scleral wall thickness (three models, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) or inner radius (two models, 13.0 and 14.0 mm) was varied. In all models, each finite element was assigned a single isotropic material property, either scleral (modulus of elasticity, 5500 kPa) or axonal (modulus of elasticity, 55 kPa). Maximum stresses within specific regions were calculated at an IOP of 15 mm Hg (2000 Pa). Results Larger scleral canal diameter, elongation of the canal, and thinning of the sclera increased IOP-related stress for a given level of IOP. For all models, maximum IOP-related stress ranged from 6 x IOP (posterior sclera) to 122 x IOP (laminar trabeculae). For each model, maximum IOP-related stress was highest within the laminar trabecular region and decreased progressively through the laminar insertion, peripapillary scleral, and posterior scleral regions. Varying the inner radius had little effect on the maximum IOP-related stress within the scleral canal. Conclusions Initial finite element models show that IOP-related stress within the load-bearing connective tissues of the optic nerve head is substantial even at low levels of IOP. Although the data suggest that scleral canal size and shape and scleral thickness are principal determinants of the magnitude of IOP-related stress within the optic nerve head, models that incorporate physiologic scleral canal and laminar geometries, a more refined finite element model meshwork, and nonisotropic material properties will be required to confirm these results.
ACADEMIC-INDUSTRIAL INTERACTIONS: A WIN-WIN GAME

Academic-industrial interactions in the U.S.A. are reviewed including such topics as co-op programs, summer internships, industrial grants in aid, sponsored research, plant tours for student groups, seminar speakers and industrial and sabbatical leaves.