cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Animal-Driven Rotational Grazing Patterns on Seasonally Grazed New Mexico Rangeland

Abstract Global positioning system (GPS) data collected over a 4-yr period on 52 crossbred young cows grazing a 146-ha pasture were used to determine whether cattle establish patch-scale rotational patterns within pastures. Cow positions at 5-min intervals were recorded during 20 d in late winter/early spring. Estimated per capita forage allowance (PCFA) was 347 kg herbage · cow -1 , 438 kg herbage · cow -1 , 1 104 kg herbage · cow -1 , and 1 884 kg herbage · cow -1 in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. Cumulative winter/early spring precipitation (CPPT) was low in 2004 and 2006 (35 mm and 30 mm, respectively) and high in 2005 and 2007 (119 mm and 112 mm, respectively). Structured query language codes developed for this study were used to 1) select grazing GPS points with movement velocities between 1 m · min -1 and 20 m · min -1 , 2) overlay location data on a pasture map subdivided into 30 × 30 m pixels, and 3) calculate percentage of grazed pixels (% GP), pixel residence time (RT), revisit rate (RR), and return interval (RI) for each animal. Cows grazed 31% ± 5.9 SEM of all pixels for 21 min ± 3.7 SEM, visited grazed pixels 1.6 times ± 0.18 SEM, and returned to grazed pixels after 5 D ± 2 SEM. As PCFA increased, % GP decreased ( r = -0.42) and RI increased ( r = 0.73) significantly ( P r = -0.46) and RR increased ( r = 0.6) significantly ( P R 2 = 0.28) regardless of PCFA. The same predictors explained most of the variation in pixel RR and RI when PCFA was high ( R 2 = 0.86 and R 2 = 00.76, respectively). Cows appear to establish their own patch-scale rotational patterns within pastures. Nonforage pixel attributes appear to have a strong influence on such patterns.
Multivariable design limitations for advanced technology automotive powertrains

Increased regulations on emissions have motivated the introduction of novel actuators to the automotive powertrain. A powertrain controller that coordinates these actuators in order to optimize engine behavior over a wide range of speeds and loads can thus become complex and is usually required to perform judicious tradeoffs between conflicting performance objectives. In this paper we apply multivariable analysis techniques to analyze design limitations due to actuator redundancy in a turbocharged engine equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger and exhaust gas recirculation. This analysis can be used to suggest appropriate controller structures and guidelines for improving the plant in subsequent design iterations.
HIV-1 gp120-induced TNF-α production by primary human macrophages is mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is initiated by binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 to CD4 followed by a chemokine receptor, but these interactions may also take place independently from infection. gp120 stimulation of primary human macrophages is known to trigger production of cytokines impli- cated in pathogenesis, particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), but the mechanisms have not been determined. We sought to define the pathways responsible for TNF- secretion by monocyte-de- rived macrophages (MDM) following HIV-1 gp120 stimulation. MDM exposure to recombinant mac- rophage-tropic (R5) gp120 led to dose- and donor- dependent release of TNF-, which was cyclohex- amide-sensitive and associated with up-regulated message. Pretreatment with specific inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK- 1/2; PD98059, U0126) and p38 (SB202190, PD169316) inhibited the secretion of TNF-. gp120-elicited TNF- production was also blocked by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitors (wortmannin, LY294002). Moreover, PI-3K inhi- bition ablated gp120-induced phosphorylation of p38 and ERK-1/2. The response was inhibited by a CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-specific antago- nist, indicating that CCR5 was in large part respon- sible. These results indicate that gp120-elicited TNF- production by macrophages involves che- mokine receptor-mediated PI-3K and MAPK acti- vation, that PI-3K is an upstream regulator of MAPK in this pathway, and that p38 and ERK-1/2 independently regulate TNF- production. These gp120-triggered signaling pathways may be re- sponsible for inappropriate production of proin- flammatory cytokines by macrophages, which are believed to play a role in immunopathogenesis and in neurological sequelae of AIDS. J. Leukoc. Biol. 78: 1016-1023; 2005.
Structural Predictors of Tie Formation in Twitter: Transitivity and Mutuality

New ties are often formed between people who already have friends in common. Though the social sciences have addressed the effects of existing structural patterns on the formation of new ties, less attention has been given to ties in directed networks. Drawing from the microblogging service Twitter, we conducted a web-based experiment in which subjects were asked to rate their interest in forming ties to other people, blind to existing network connections between them. We show that two structural characteristics, transitivity and mutuality, are significant predictors of the desire to form new ties. Our findings shed light on tie formation, especially in online networks.
The Inflammatory Twitch as a General Strategy for Controlling the Host Response

Allergic inflammation is a general host-defense mechanism for dealing with perceived foreign invaders. Although most effort has been directed toward understanding how this response gets turned on, how it gets turned off again when no longer needed is just as important to an organism’s survival. We postulate that the control of the allergic inflammatory response is achieved via frequency modulation whereby a sequence of self-resolving events is repetitively invoked only so long as Ag is present. This leads to the notion of a unitary inflammatory event that we argue has formal similarity to the skeletal muscle twitch, albeit manifest over a much longer time scale. To test the plausibility of this hypothesis, we created an agent-based computational model of the allergic inflammatory response in the lungs. Continual stimulation of the model results in cycles of tissue damage and repair interspersed with periods of nonresponsiveness indicative of a refractory period. These findings are consistent with the inflammatory twitch hypothesis and the notion that the allergic inflammatory response is controlled via frequency modulation. We speculate that chronic inflammatory diseases may represent a failure of the inflammatory twitch to resolve toward baseline.
Thematic validation of global land cover data sets-procedures and interpretation methods

The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme DISCover Global Land Cover Data Set (v 1.0) was assembled to provide a high spatial resolution data set for global studies of climate, biogeochemical cycles, atmospheric chemistry, water, energy, vegetation, and ecosystems. DISCover was compiled at a resolution of 1 kilometer using data from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Following production of DISCover, a study was performed to verify its thematic accuracy and provide statistically valid accuracy estimates on an area-weighted and by-class basis. Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT satellite image data were used to verify 379 primary core samples selected from DISCover 1.0 using a stratified random sampling procedure. The goal was to verify a minimum of 25 samples per DISCover class; this was accomplished for 13 of the 15 verified classes. Three regional expert image interpreters independently verified each sample. A majority decision rule was used to determine sample accuracy. For the 15 DISCover classes validated, the average class accuracy was 59.4% with accuracies for the 15 verified DISCover classes ranging between 40.0% and 100%. The area-weighted accuracy of the data set was determined to be 66.9%. Considering only samples for which a majority of interpreters agreed were classified in error (with majority agreement on the correct class) as well as those samples interpreted by consensus as correct, the average class accuracy of the data set was calculated to be 73.5%. This paper describes procedures utilized to validate the thematic accuracy of DISCover. Data set sampling design and core sample interpretation procedures are summarized. Interpretation procedures and interpreter confidence (recorded for each sample by each participant during the validation) is analyzed by category and interpretation region. This DISCover 1.0 validation demonstrates that Landsat TM and SPOT imagery can be efficiently used to validate high-resolution global land cover products. This study demonstrates that the 15 validated IGBP land cover classes were not equally interpretable on the TM and SPOT imagery. The utility of and confidence that may be placed in this technique depends upon the land cover classification scheme used or a subset of categories.
Electromagnetic finite differences time domain (FDTD) modeling of partial discharge coupling applied to high voltage cables and cable joints

This paper analyses the dependence of the output signals from different sensors as a function of partial discharge (PD) location using finite differences time domain (FDTD) modeling and compares their ability to quantify signals to the standard PD measurement method.
Response of nursery soil microbial populations to volatiles purged from soil around Douglas-fir ectomycorrhizae

Abstract Ectomycorrhizae produce biologically-active volatile compounds in vitro. Although the microbial populations in the soil surrounding ectomycorrhizae are known to differ quantitatively and qualitatively from those in the soil surrounding nonmycorrhizal roots, it is not known whether volatiles contribute to this difference. An apparatus which slowly purges volatiles from a “donor” test soil into a “receiver” soil was used to determined the effect of volatiles from pasteurized “donor” soils containing ectomycorrhizal Douglas-fir seedlings on Fusarium and other microbial populations of a “receiver” nursery soil. Seedlings which were ectomycorrhizal with Laccaria toccata or a Hebeloma sp., produced volatiles which significantly increased bacterial populations in receiver soils. The populations of actinomycetes, Fusarium extracellular chitinase producers, facultative anaerobes and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were not significantly influenced by volatiles from ectomycorrhizal seedlings compared to those from nonmycorrhizal seedlings. Factors which may influence the quantity and quality of volatiles produced by an ectomycorrhizal seedling and the consequent effect on microbial populations in the ectomycorrhizosphere are discussed.
Is the Measurement of Muscle Strength Appropriate in Patients with Brain Lesions? A Special Communication

Controversy exists as to whether muscle strength is a variable that should be measured in patients with brain lesions. The purpose of this special communication is to provide evidence for the inclusion of muscle strength testing in the assessment of these patients. This evidence consists of information that 1) is relevant to weakness following brain lesions and concerns about its measurement, 2) provides a precedent and support for muscle strength testing, and 3) relates muscle strength to patient capacity and outcome. I believe that this information justifies the inclusion of muscle strength in the assessment of patients with brain lesions, but not to the exclusion of other behavioral functional variables.
Children's attention to sample composition in learning, teaching, and discovery

Two studies compared children’s attention to sample composition—whether a sample provides a diverse representation of a category of interest—during teacher-led and learner-driven learning contexts. In Study 1 (N = 48), 5-year-olds attended to sample composition to make inferences about biological properties only when samples were presented by a knowledgeable teacher. In contrast, adults attended to sample composition in both teacher-led and learner-driven contexts. In Study 2 (N = 51), 6-year-olds chose to create diverse samples to teach information about biological kinds to another child, but not to discover new information for themselves, whereas adults chose to create diverse samples for both teaching and information discovery. Results suggest that how children approach the interpretation and selection of evidence varies depending on whether learning occurs in pedagogical or non-pedagogical contexts.
Selectivity of the chloride-chlorate reaction system in various reactor types

Trois types de reacteurs sont etudies: un reacteur ferme en discontinu, un reacteur parfaitement agite et un reacteur piston
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy does not suppress T- or B-cell responses to novel or recall antigens.

Abstract Background: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ExP) is an effective therapy for several conditions including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, scleroderma, and allograft rejection. Experimental animal models suggest that ExP may induce antigen-specific immunosuppression. Objective: Our purpose was to determine the effect of photopheresis on humoral and cell-mediated immunity in human subjects. Methods: Recall and primary immune responses of patients with scleroderma receiving monthly ExP treatments were assessed by delayed type hypersensitivity skin tests, T-cell proliferative responses after immunizations with tetanus toxoid and keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and serum antibody titers against common viral pathogens. Results: After 6 months of ExP, viral antibody titers and delayed type hypersensitivity responses were not significantly different from baseline values in all 7 patients tested. T-cell responses to tetanus toxoid remained normal in 3 of 3 patients tested for a minimum of 6 months after booster immunization. Immunization with the protein antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin after initiation of ExP therapy resulted in sustained T-cell proliferative responses up to 6 months in 3 of 3 patients. Conclusion: These results, along with the observation of no increased incidence of opportunistic infections or neoplasms, suggest that ExP is not broadly immunosuppressive and does not prevent primary responses to vaccination or other antigenic challenges. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:980-6.)
Primitive-based teleconference image coding technique

An image coding technique with the capability of producing good image quality at a compression ratio over 1000:1 is described. The main idea is to break the image into complicated primitives using a priori knowledge. Usually these primitives are not coded and transmitted, but are matched to a previously created database, and the necessary information about the best match is coded and transmitted. This information is used at the receiver to retrieve a replica of the original primitive from a duplicate database. The primitives are assembled as in computer animation to produce a faithful reconstruction of the original image. The proposed technique allow real-time transmission of video signals over low-bit-rate channels (less than 64 kb/s). The application of this technique to teleconference and picture phone images is discussed. >
Pareto Points in SRAM Design Using the Sleepy Stack Approach

Leakage power consumption of current CMOS technology is already a great challenge. ITRS projects that leakage power consumption may come to dominate total chip power consumption as the technology feature size shrinks. Leakage is a serious problem particularly for SRAM which occupies large transistor count in most state-of-the-art chip designs. We propose a novel ultralow leakage SRAM design which we call “sleepy stack SRAM.” Unlike many other previous approaches, sleepy stack SRAM can retain logic state during sleep mode, which is crucial for a memory element. Compared to the best alternative we could find, a 6-T SRAM cell with highVth transistors, the sleepy stack SRAM cell with 2xVth at 110C achieves more than 2.77X leakage power reduction at a cost of 16% delay increase and 113% area increase. Alternatively, by widening wordline transistors and transistors in the pull-down network, the sleepy stack SRAM cell can achieves 2.26X leakage reduction without increasing delay at a cost of a 125% area penalty.
Harnessing the power of an online teaching community: connect, share, and collaborate

in the 1990s, the American Physiological Society (APS), like most organizations, was exploring ways to support members and trainees via online resources and programs. Online communication was still primarily accomplished via e-mail, listserves, and websites, although discussion boards and social
The Seduction of Bankruptcy

Consumer bankruptcy has been rising for three decades until 2005, when the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act was enacted. According to the standard theory of bankruptcy, bankruptcy filing is caused by financial distress of consumers. The prediction of this theory is that bankruptcy filings will be cyclical: rising in recession and falling in prosperity. The prediction is consistent with observations until 1979. However, during the 1979-2005 periods, bankruptcy filings have been rising rapidly in spite of strong economic growth. Between 1979 and early 2000s, personal bankruptcy filings increased by more than 400 percent. An alternative explanation considers the fact that the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 has been more forgiving to debtors than earlier laws. This theory considers incentives in rational choice model in explaining the rapid rise in bankruptcy filings. The rational choice theory is not sufficient to explain the fact that the rise took several decades. Considering the stigma people have about filing bankruptcy and the opportunistic behavior, I propose a behavioral theory in which individual behavior results in horizontal evolution. An empirical work has been proposed and performed to compare my proposed theory with the traditional theory. The GINI index is used as a proxy for financial distress. The tentative result based on the data for the 1969 through 2002 indicates that behavioral theory better explains the observed behavior.
A novel synthetic tricyclic compound with an acetylene group at C-8a and cyano enones in rings A and C is a potent multifunctional agent in vitro and suppresses the formation of aflatoxin-DNA adducts in vivo

B66 TBE-31 is the lead molecule in a series of tricyclic compounds containing cyano enone functionalities in the A and C rings. Originally screened for its anti-inflammatory activity, TBE-31 inhibits the production of nitric oxide (IC50 = 1 nM) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase protein in RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells stimulated with either interferon-gamma or lipopolysaccharide. Low nanomolar concentrations of TBE-31 also induce the phase 2 cytoprotective proteins heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and reduce the formation of reactive oxygen species in cells treated with the tert-butyl hydroperoxide. In U937 human leukemia cells, TBE-31 increases expression of CD11b, a marker of monocytic differentiation; inhibits proliferation; and induces apoptosis, as shown by increased PARP cleavage and annexin V staining. These results are seen with higher concentrations (100-1000 nM) than needed for the anti-inflammatory activity and phase 2 enzyme induction. The multifunctional activities of TBE-31 are similar to those of the synthetic oleanane triterpenoids, including CDDO-methyl ester and CDDO-imidazolide; CDDO-methyl ester is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of melanoma and pancreatic cancer. The alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl groups in TBE-31 suggest it can form Michael adducts with protein targets containing reactive cysteine residues. Indeed, TBE-31, like the triterpenoids, directly interacts with dithiothreitol, as determined by a spectral shift when dithiothreitol is added to TBE-31. Identifying the direct molecular targets of TBE-31 is an area of active investigation. To determine whether biologically meaningful tissue levels could be obtained in vivo, CD-1 mice were gavaged with 1 micromole TBE-31. Six hours later, blood and tissues were harvested, extracted in acetonitrile and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The levels of TBE-31 in blood were 1 micromolar. Of the organs surveyed, the highest concentrations were found in the liver and pancreas, with levels of 0.7 and 0.5 micromole/kg, respectively. Because of the high drug levels in the liver, rats were gavaged with TBE-31 and then, 48 hours later, challenged with aflatoxin. At both 10 and 100 micromole/kg, TBE-31 significantly reduced the formation of aflatoxin-DNA adducts. In these studies, TBE-31 was more potent than CDDO-imidazolide, one of the most active compounds ever tested in this assay. Studies evaluating the ability of TBE-31 to block hepatic pre-neoplastic lesions induced by aflatoxin are ongoing. The exquisite potency of TBE-31 in vitro and in vivo suggest it should be tested for both chemoprevention and chemotherapy in relevant models of cancer and other chronic, degenerative diseases where inflammation and oxidative stress are known factors in the pathogenesis. Supported by NIH grant R01 CA78814, R03 CA105294, R01 CA39416, the National Foundation for Cancer Research and Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
An endovascular procedure-specific neurological examination scheme for intraprocedural monitoring in awake patients.

PURPOSE: To describe a new neurological examination scheme (NES) adapted to the unique environment of neuroendovascular procedures. METHODS: The endovascular procedure-specific (NES) evaluates 6 aspects of neurological function, including language, gaze deviation, visual fields, cranial nerves, and the function of the upper lower extremities (left and right). To evaluate this protocol, the results of neurological examinations based on the NES were compared to the concurrently assessed National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores in 20 patients (11 men; mean age 47 ± 18 years) during neuroendovascular procedures. All examinations were performed by qualified vascular neurologists certified for NIHSS score ascertainment in awake patients undergoing any neuroendovascular procedures. The positive predictive value and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were determined to assess the relationship between the 2 scores in the study sample. RESULTS: The positive predictive value of endovascular procedure-specific NES compared with the NIHSS score was 100%. The deficits most frequently detected by the endovascular procedure-specific NES were in the cranial nerves and upper and/or lower extremity strength items. Overall, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.96 (p<0.001) between both methods. In a subset analysis of patients with deficits detected by NIHSS, the correlation coefficient between the 2 methods was 0.95 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: No standard method has been developed for examining the neurological status of the awake patient under the unique intraprocedural circumstances that surround neuroendovascular procedures. The NES detected neurological deficits with a high level of agreement to the more detailed NIHSS assessment, which supports further evaluation of the NES.
Abstract 989: Profiling the expression of SGLT1 in prostate cancer

Upregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; HER1; erbB1), a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been linked with increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis and thus, with poor prognosis for cancer patients. EGFR has been found to be over-active in most tumors of epithelial origin including: non-small cell lung cancer, breast, head and neck, gastric, colorectal, esophageal, prostate, bladder, renal, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers. EGFR is elevated in prostate cancer cells along disease progression. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors failed to show beneficial effects for prostate cancer patients. Previous studies have found EGFR has kinase independent prosurvival functions. Independent of its kinase activity, EGFR participates in the maintenance of the basal intracellular glucose level of cancer cells by interacting with and stabilizing SGLT1, thus preventing cancer cells from autophagic death. EGFR and SGLT1 do physically interact; however, it was previously unknown whether SGLT1 expression is upregulated along prostate cancer progression. Sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) are transmemebrane glucose transporter proteins involved in the active transport of glucose. An antibody against human SGLT1 was made and used with immunohistochemistry to show in this preliminary study that SGLT1 is exclusively expressed in the hyperplastic and malignant prostate epithelial cells. SGLT1 was not expressed in the normal epithelial or BPH cells. The results from this study indicate that as the disease progresses, the increased need for glucose within the cells is at least in part being met by the continuous activity of the sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 1. This potential role of SGLT1 in prostate cancer may provide avenues for new prostate cancer treatments. Future endeavors will focus on designing interfering peptides that ideally will interfere with the SGLT1/EGFR binding, destabilizing SGLT1 in prostate cancer cells, and promoting cell death of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 989. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-989
The Use of 14C-Cyanate as a Method for Determining Erythrocyte Survival

SummaryThe recent finding that cyanate reacts specifically with the amino-terminal valine of the hemoglobin molecule in an irreversible carbamylation reaction has led us to develop a 14C-cyanate method for determining erythrocyte survival. The procedure is advantageous in that erythrocytes can be labeled either in vitro or in vivo.The authors thank Mr. Neftali Rivera, Miss Barbara Bralver and Mr. James Leong for their excellent technical assistance.
IL28B in the era of direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C.

The IL28B genotype is the strongest baseline predictor of hepatitis C treatment response with peginterferon-α and ribavirin. In 2011, 2 protease inhibitors were approved for genotype 1 infection in combination with peginterferon-α and ribavirin, and boceprevir and telaprevir attenuate the associatio
Solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of auramine O,acid Orange II and basic Orange II in bean products

A method for simultaneous determination of auramine O,acid orange Ⅱand basic orange Ⅱ in bean products by solid-phase extraction(SPE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) has been established.The samples were extracted by 70% ethanol aqueous solution containing 1% ammonia(V / V),the solutions were enriched and cleaned up by Strata-X-AW SPE cartridges,and then were analyzed by HPLC at the wavelength of 450 nm.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil C 18 column by using 20 mmol / L ammonium acetate solution and methanol(35 + 65,V / V) as the mobile phase.The recoveries of 3 dyes ranged from 89.0% to 94.7%,and the relative standard deviations(RSDs) were 2.2% ~ 4.6%(n = 6).The linear ranges were 0.2 ~ 20.0 mg / L with the correlation coefficients of more than 0.999.The detection limits were 0.06、0.06 and 0.09 mg / kg for auramine O,acid orange Ⅱ and basic orange Ⅱ,respectively.The developed method was satisfactory with the determination of trace dyes in bean products.
Chapter 11 – Problem solving and design: diagnostic plan analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a number of projects that deal with diagnostic and tutoring issues in problem-solving contexts: (1) the FLOW tutor; (2) the SPADE project; (3) the MACSYMA ADVISOR; and (4) some systems developed in the context of the MENO project, including BRIDGE, PROUST, and MENO-TUTOR. The types of solutions analyzed by these systems result from a planning process whereby goals are implemented as sequences of actions. In diagnosis, all these systems make use of some form of hierarchical organization of known methods or plans. With this, they build a structure that connects solutions to goals. The FLOW tutor utilizes schemata organized in an active structural network, SPADE views a plan as a parse tree, the ADVISOR constructs a dependency graph, and PROUST attaches plans to a goal hierarchy. The FLOW tutor performs its analysis online, although its model of programming is rudimentary. The SPADE incorporates global aspects of the design process, which bring to bear constraints external to purely hierarchical planning. The BRIDGE is based on a study of misconceptions about the programming domain, which takes into consideration the linguistic knowledge novices bring to learning computer programming. The ADVISOR seeks to infer the user's beliefs about the domain and to engage in a dialogue in terms of these beliefs. Finally, the PROUST is able to cope with interactions between multiple goals and has shown promise in real instructional settings.
TESS Lens-Bezel Assembly Modal Testing

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) program, led by the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) will be the first-ever spaceborne all-sky transit survey. MIT Lincoln Laboratory is responsible for the cameras, including the lens assemblies, detector assemblies, lens hoods, and camera mounts. TESS is scheduled to be launched in August of 2017 with the primary goal to detect small planets with bright host starts in the solar neighborhood, so that detailed characterizations of the planets and their atmospheres can be performed.
Including All Bodies in the Body of God: Disability and the Theology of Sallie McFague

Embodiment theologies have tended to assume a “normal” body, failing to pay attention to particularities such as the experience(s) of disability. Theologian Sallie McFague's model of the world as the body of God provides a potentially valuable way for us to consider thoughtfully the nature of God and the world in light of the human experience of limits. By putting McFague's work in conversation with experiences of disability, this article shows how theological reflection on disability can strengthen her own argument and can offer new images and possibilities for theological construction.
Abstract 3144: Prediction of ALK mutations associated with acquired resistance to lorlatinib

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are important therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer. They are currently treated with the first-generation ALK inhibitor crizotnib followed by more potent, second-generation ALK inhibitors, such as ceritinib, alectinib, or brigatinib. We reported different spectrums of ALK resistance mutations in the biopsies from patients progressing on these drugs. G1202R mutation was found more frequently after treatment with second generation ALK inhibitors. In addition to these drugs, the third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib is currently being evaluated in phase 2 clinical trial. Ba/F3 models indicated that all single ALK mutants are sensitive to lorlatinib and some compound ALK mutations are resistant to lorlatinib. In this study, we performed accelerated mutagenesis screen on Ba/F3 models to predict the resistance mutations which potentially emerge in the patients treated with lorlatinib. Briefly, Ba/F3 cells expressing wild type EML4-ALK or mutant EML4-ALK containing C1156Y, F1174C, L1196M, G1202R, or G1269A were exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). After a 24-hour incubation in normal media, the cells were seeded in 96-well plates and incubated in lorlatinib for 4 weeks. ALK kinase domain was sequenced in clones growing in lorlatinib to identify possible new mutations. As a result, Ba/F3 cells harboring wild type EML4-ALK did not show any mutation on ALK kinase domain. Crizotinib was used as a control to validate the efficiency of mutagenesis. We identified eight different mutations in clones growing in crizotinib, and those were reflecting the spectrum of mutations in the crizotinib-treated patients. Ba/F3 cells with mutant EML4-ALK showed additional compound mutations after incubation with lorlatinib. Those mutations included L1196M + L1198F and G1202R + L1198F which showed high resistance to lorlatinib in Ba/F3 models. Ba/F3 cells with different mutant EML4-ALK showed a distinct spectrum and different frequency of additional mutations. In conclusion, this study predicted that no single mutation would emerge to confer resistance to lorlatinib. Thus, compound mutations and ALK-independent mechanisms become essential mechanisms for lorlatinib resistance. Citation Format: Satoshi Yoda, Leila Dardaei, Manrose Singh, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Alice T. Shaw, Aaron N. Hata. Prediction of ALK mutations associated with acquired resistance to lorlatinib [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3144. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3144
Capping Ligand Vortices as “Atomic Orbitals” in Nanocrystal Self-Assembly

We present a detailed analysis of the interaction between two nanocrystals capped with ligands consisting of hydrocarbon chains by united atom molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the bonding of two nanocrystals is characterized by ligand textures in the form of vortices. These results are generalized to nanocrystals of different types (differing core and ligand sizes) where the structure of the vortices depends on the softness asymmetry. We provide rigorous calculations for the binding free energy, show that these energies are independent of the chemical composition of the cores, and derive analytical formulas for the equilibrium separation. We discuss the implications of our results for the self-assembly of single-component and binary nanoparticle superlattices. Overall, our results show that the structure of the ligands completely determines the bonding of nanocrystals, fully supporting the predictions of the recently proposed Orbifold topological model.
Effectiveness and cost of recruiting healthy volunteers for clinical research studies using an electronic patient portal: A randomized study.

Introduction It is not clear how to effectively recruit healthy research volunteers. Methods We developed an electronic health record (EHR)-based algorithm to identify healthy subjects, who were randomly assigned to receive an invitation to join a research registry via the EHR's patient portal, letters, or phone calls. A follow-up survey assessed contact preferences. Results The EHR algorithm accurately identified 858 healthy subjects. Recruitment rates were low, but occurred more quickly via the EHR patient portal than letters or phone calls (2.7 vs. 19.3 or 10.4 d). Effort and costs per enrolled subject were lower for the EHR patient portal (3.0 vs. 17.3 or 13.6 h, $113 vs. $559 or $435). Most healthy subjects indicated a preference for contact via electronic methods. Conclusions Healthy subjects can be accurately identified from EHR data, and it is faster and more cost-effective to recruit healthy research volunteers using an EHR patient portal.
Unions and Intersections

If A and B are sets, it is sometimes natural to wish to unite their elements into one comprehensive set. One way of describing such a comprehensive set is to require it to contain all the elements that belong to at least one of the two members of the pair {A, B}. This formulation suggests a sweeping generalization of itself; surely a similar construction should apply to arbitrary collections of sets and not just to pairs of them. What is wanted, in other words, is the following principle of set construction.
Fine structure of Leydig cells from an arrhenoblastoma of the ovary

The electron microscopic morphology of Leydig cells from an arrhenoblastoma was compared with similar normal and neoplastic cells from testis and ovary. Foci of condensed cytoplasm and membranous whorls reported by previous authors were interpreted as stages of focal cytoplasmic degradation. Reinke crystalloids and related filamentous structures were prominent. The fine filaments reported by previous investigators were traceable in the present specimen to desmosomes and therefore were interpreted as being tonofibrils. A large glycogen-containing cell was noted for the first time in this type of neoplasm.
Leonardo da Vinci: scriversi come uomo di scienza

Il saggio discute approcci diversi alla scrittura [auto]biografica di Leonardo, uomo di scienza la cui vita rimane un’opera aperta in continua evoluzione, da un lato per la scarsita di documenti storici e, dall’altro, per il fascino esercitato dall’artista scienziato sul pubblico sia accademico che generale. La strategia autoriale che Leonardo sviluppa nei suoi scritti viene brevemente introdotta a partire dalla traccia di una lettera di presentazione realmente indirizzata a Ludovico il Moro, per approdare poi ai frammenti della fittizia « Lettera al Diodario di Soria ».Quest’ultima viene prima presentata in relazione alle diversissime interpretazioni che ne diedero Jean Paul Richter (1883) e Robert Payne (1954), nel contesto della loro personale biografia di Leonardo, e poi ricontestualizzata nelle pagine leonardiane da cui e stata tratta e nel momento della sua composizione per poterla reinterpretare nell’ambito della strategia autoriale dello scrittore.
Unique associations of eudaimonic and hedonic wellbeing with psychosocial adjustment in breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE Eudaimonic wellbeing (e.g., meaning, purpose in life) and hedonic wellbeing (e.g., happiness, life satisfaction) are related but conceptually distinct facets of wellbeing. Eudaimonic wellbeing is highly underexplored in cancer research despite its relevance to important existential concerns faced by cancer survivors. Therefore, this study examined the unique associations of eudaimonic and hedonic wellbeing with adjustment in breast cancer survivors. METHODS Women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer within two years (N = 64) were recruited through the UCLA Tumor Registry and completed self-report questionnaires (Mental Health Continuum - Short Form Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Social Provisions Scale, Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale). FINDINGS Controlling for their shared variance and covariates, eudaimonic wellbeing was uniquely associated with greater posttraumatic growth (β = 0.42, p = .026, R2 = .07), more reliable social support (β = 0.50, p = .010, R2 = .09), and marginally lower fear of recurrence (β = -0.40, p = .063, R2 = .06) while hedonic wellbeing was uniquely associated with lower sleep disturbance (β = -0.56, p = .004, R2 = .12), fatigue (β = -0.53, p = .003, R2 = .11), and depressive symptoms (β = -0.59, p < .001, R2 = .14). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest eudaimonic wellbeing may confer quality of life benefits beyond symptom reduction in breast cancer survivors, while hedonic wellbeing is primarily associated with fewer behavioral symptoms.
Superconducting properties of La2-xBax

We show that the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ as a function of barium content (0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.25, determined by mutual inductance measurements) has two maxima, both ${T}_{c}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}25 K, near compositions x=0.09 and x-0.15. Between these two maxima is a local minimum (${T}_{c}$ about 5 K) for x=0.12. dc magnetization data are also reported for six compositions. Anomalies in electrical resistance appear near T=50--60 K at compositions 0.10\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.125. Many samples clearly show a second resistive superconducting transition near 30 K in addition to the bulk transition most clearly observed magnetically. The variation of ${T}_{c}$ with composition is discussed in relation to the occurrence of resistance anomalies. The tetragonal lattice parameters at room temperature are consistent with previous work, and show no obvious anomalies. The sample preparation procedures are discussed in detail.
NATIVITY AND DISABILITY TRAJECTORIES AMONG TWO COHORTS

Nativity is an important characteristic in the context of disability in older adults, as it may influence attitudes and behaviors that can delay or accelerate the disability process. This study aims to assess trajectories of disability (defined as lower-body functional limitations, limitations in daily and instrumental activities of daily living, and gross mobility) in foreign-born and US-born Mexican Americans between 1993 and 2013. We used eight waves (1993 -2013) from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE; N=3050, mean age at baseline=73.6 (±6.8). Disability was assessed using self-reported limitations in activities of daily living (ADL /IADL). Nativity and age-at-migration were collected by self-report. We used linear and quadratic growth curve models to evaluate the trajectory of ADL/IADL disability over a period of 20 years and assessed variations by nativity status while adjusting for potential confounders. Approximately 19% of foreign-born and 17% of US-born reported having at least one ADL, while 51.5% natives and 58.7% of foreign-born had at least one IADL. Our results showed that after controlling for age at baseline, sex, marital status, self-reported health, chronic conditions, and education, foreign-born older adults were less likely to have ADL/IADL disability at baseline, but exhibited a faster rate of increase in disability over time (β =0.31 for ADL, β=0.07 for IADL). Our findings show that foreign-born older adults are accumulating disability at faster compared with their native peers, highlighting the importance of evaluating nativity differences in the health outcomes of Hispanic population at old age.
Goal-focused positive psychotherapy in action: A case study.

Objective This case study describes one client's progression through goal-focused positive psychotherapy (GFPP), a positive psychology inspired treatment. The study aims to contribute a more nuanced understanding of GFPP by illustrating the clinical use of approach goals, hope, positive emotion, and client strengths-interventions that constitute the heart of GFPP. Method The case study methodology illuminates the 33-session treatment of a self-identified European-American heterosexual female in her mid-twenties, presenting with several interpersonal concerns, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The client met the DSM 5 criteria for generalized anxiety disorder and borderline personality disorder. Results Processes and outcomes are documented through clinician and client perceptions, and weekly assessments of symptomatology and subjective well-being. Conclusions The case study demonstrates a successful application of positive psychology consistent with GFPP's existential and humanistic psychology roots. The study should provide clinicians and theorists a greater understanding of GFPP processes and perspectives in an applied context.
Spin–Orbit Torque and Dipole Coupling for Nanomagnetic Array Programmability

Computational architectures that rely on an array of dipole-coupled nanomagnetic elements require an energy-efficient method of programming individual elements within the array. As a low-energy, selective method of controlling magnetization, spin–orbit torque (SOT) represents a promising solution. Here, a finite-difference micromagnetic model is used to characterize the dipole coupling between adjacent CoFeB nanodisks and to determine the critical SOT current required to switch these disks. Additionally, a phase plot showing disk dimensions at which both vortex and single-domain in-plane magnetic states are stable is produced. A dipole-coupled array’s response to dynamic application of SOT current is also simulated. The results show that the rate of applying SOT current to one element in the array strongly influences the stable states of adjacent elements and that the SOT current amplitude required for this influence is an order of magnitude lower than the previously determined critical switching current. This indicates that SOT current dynamics play a significant role in the behavior of a dipole-coupled array. Finally, an architecture to achieve programmability in nanomagnetic computational platforms with SOT is presented.
Student-Authored Autopsy Reports of Anatomical Donors: Their First Patients

The preparation of student-authored autopsy reports of anatomical donors was added to the Gross Anatomy course to integrate the basic and clinical sciences and determine whether students considered this early clinical exposure to be a valuable experience. All donors were scanned using computerized tomography (CT) and student groups received the scan of their donor and a report written by a radiologist. As students dissected, they took photographs and biopsies of pathological findings that were processed for microscopic evaluation. Following consultation with pathologists and radiologists, each group prepared an autopsy report that proposed a cause of death supported with macroscopic, microscopic, and CT images. Cardiovascular events and cancer were the most common. Autopsy reports were evaluated by the faculty and each student group received feedback with respect to content, accuracy, and completeness and whether faculty agreed with students’ proposed cause of death. A majority of students answering an anonymous survey indicated that this exercise was valuable or somewhat valuable, but did not agree that preparation of the autopsy report resulted in their being more engaged during the course. Students agreed or somewhat agreed that the exercise should be repeated next year, that they gained insight into the clinical manifestations of disease, that they were able to interpret the CT scan themselves, that meeting with a pathologist was interesting, and that the time required to prepare the report was adequate. Since autopsy reports prepared by students are feasible and students found it to be a valuable experience, we suggest that medical schools add this to Gross Anatomy courses to introduce clinical material and increase clinical relevance.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal musculoskeletal system

Diagnosing musculoskeletal pathology requires understanding of the normal embryological development. Intrinsic errors of skeletal development are individually rare but are of paramount clinical importance because anomalies can greatly impact patients' lives. An accurate assessment of the fetal musculoskeletal system must be performed to provide optimal genetic counseling as well as to drive therapeutic management. This manuscript reviews the embryology of skeletal development and the appearance of the maturing musculoskeletal system on fetal MRI. In addition, it presents a comprehensive review of musculoskeletal fetal pathology along with postnatal imaging.
Utilization of Iodinated SpaceOAR Vue™ During Robotic Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) to Identify the Rectal-Prostate Interface and Spare the Rectum: A Case Report

We describe the utilization of SpaceOAR Vue™, a new iodinated rectal spacer, during Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for a Prostate Cancer Patient with a contraindication to Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A 69-year-old Caucasian male presented with unfavorable intermediate risk prostate cancer and elected to undergo SBRT. His medical history was significant for atrial fibrillation on Rivaroxaban with a pacemaker. He was felt to be at increased risk of radiation proctitis following SBRT due to the inability to accurately contour the anterior rectal wall at the prostate apex without a treatment planning MRI and an increased risk of late rectal bleeding due to prescribed anticoagulants. In this case report, we discuss the technical aspects of appropriate placement and treatment planning for utilizing SpaceOAR Vue™ with Robotic SBRT.