cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control and Kinetics of Branch Root Formation in Cultured Root Segments of Haplopappus ravenii

Branch root formation required only the presence of minerals, sucrose as a carbon source, and an auxin. The number of primordia formed was a function of auxin concentration. With naphthaleneacetic acid at 0.1 mg/l, up to 60 or more branches were formed per centimeter of Haplopappus ravenii root segment. Under our conditions, pea root segments formed only five or six branches per centimeter, but tomato and radish, like H. ravenii, formed large numbers of branches. Cytokinin inhibited branch formation, while gibberellic acid was without effect. Vitamins were not required for branch formation, although they enhanced elongation. Up to 5 days were required for the maximum number of stable branch primordia to form under the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid. If naphthaleneacetic acid was withdrawn earlier, fewer branch primordia developed. The requirement for a lengthy exposure to naphthaleneacetic acid, the kinetics of the response, and the ease with which naphthaleneacetic acid could be rinsed out of the tissue with consequent cessation of branch root formation, were similar to other hormone-regulated developmental systems. Anatomical and cytological studies were made of segments exposed for various times to auxin. The segments were mostly diarch, and branches formed obliquely to protoxylem poles. While primarily only pericycle-endodermis cells divided, both these and cortex cells responded in the first 24 hours exposure to naphthaleneacetic acid with enlarged nuclei and nucleoli, and a few cortical cells divided. Maximum nucleus and nucleolus size was reached approximately 9 hours after exposure to naphthaleneacetic acid. Branches rarely elongated more than 5 cm before their meristems died. The H. ravenii culture is maintained only by the frequent formation of new naphthaleneacetic acid-induced branches.
Inactivation of SRC family tyrosine kinases by reactive oxygen species in vivo.

Abstract Reactive oxygen species, including H2 O2, and are constantly produced in the human body and are involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species, besides their deleterious effects at high concentrations, may be protective. However, the mechanism underlying the protective effects of reactive oxygen species is not clear. Here, we reported a novel finding that H2O2 at low to moderate concentrations (50-250 μm) markedly inactivated Src family tyrosine kinases temporally and spatially in vivo but not in vitro. We further showed that Src family kinases localized to focal adhesions and the plasma membrane were rapidly and permanently inactivated by H2O2, which resulted from a profound reduction in phosphorylation of the conserved tyrosine residue at the activation loop. Interestingly, the cytoplasmic Src family kinases were activated gradually by H2O2, which partially compensated for the loss of total activities of Src family kinases but not their functions. Finally, H2O2 rendered endothelial cells resistant to growth factors and cytokines and protected the cells from inflammatory activation. Because Src family kinases play key roles in cell signaling, the rapid inactivation of Src family kinases by H2 O2 may represent a novel mechanism for the protective effects of reactive oxygen species.
Insulating phases of electrons on a zigzag strip in the orbital magnetic field

We consider electrons on a two-leg triangular ladder at half filling and in an orbital magnetic field. In a two-band regime in the absence of the field, the electronic system remains conducting for weak interactions since there is no four-fermion umklapp term. We find that in the presence of the orbital field there is a four-fermion umklapp and it is always relevant for repulsive interactions. Thus in this special ladder, the combination of the orbital magnetic field and interactions provides a mechanism to drive metal-insulator transition already at weak coupling. We discuss properties of the possible resulting phases C0S2 and various C0S1 and C0S0.
Penicillamine and Progressive Systemic Sclerosis

Excerpt To the editor: Steen and associates (1) have attempted to draw conclusions about the effect of D-penicillamine on the natural history of progressive systemic sclerosis with diffuse sclerode...
The emission efficiency of Er3+ in (La, Y)2O2S hosts

Abstract We have previously reported on the fluorescent efficiency differences with CR excitation between Y 2 O 2 S and La 2 O 2 S as hosts for RE activators 1 ), and also the effect of mixed lattices (La 1- x Y x ) 2 O 2 S on the efficiency of Eu +3 , (Eu +3 being nearly equally efficient in both lattices) 2 ). In this paper we examine the behavior, in (La 1- x Y x ) 2 O 2 S, of 0.5% Er 2 O 2 S. The addition of Y to La 2 O 2 S :0.5% Er 2 O 2 S causes immediate and continuing decrease in output for CR excitation. We have attempted to determine the cause of this decrease by measuring the effectiveness of photon excitation as a function of Y content. Lattice absorption (band gap) displays qualitatively the same efficiency losses as for CR. With various 4f absorptions we find that Er has indeed been incorporated in all of the mixed crystal samples and, within the experimental error, operates at the same quantum efficiency. We can deduce then, that the low efficiency of the Y-containing lattices arises from the lack of an efficient energy transfer process in surrounds containing Y. The details of the mechanism which allows La 2 O 2 S to transfer energy efficiently are still being sought.
Dual-Frequency Nd:YAG Laser For The Study And Application Of Nonlinear Optical Crystals

We have devised and demonstrated a technique that allows the simultaneous (in space and time) generation of two independent and well-separated Nd:YAG laser lines. We use this system to study three-wave mixing in nonlinear optical crystals. Application of this laser system coupled with suitable nonlinear optical crystals permitted us to simultaneously generate frequencies extending throughout the visible (including the three primary colors) and into the near-UV.
Pregnancy-associated severe liver dysfunction.

Determining the cause of liver disease in pregnancy can present a difficult challenge for clinicians. During pregnancy, hepatobiliary disease may present with subtle findings, with symptoms that often are nonspecific and liver function tests that are rarely diagnostic. Minor elevations in aminotransferases may be a harbinger of life-threatening processes, such as acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) or hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. Because many diseases can occur during pregnancy, establishing a correct diagnosis is of paramount importance. Failure to do so may result in higher morbidity and mortality rates in mothers and fetuses. Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions must consider the health of mothers and fetuses. Three possible etiologic relationships between liver disease and pregnancy include pregnancy in patients with preexisting liver disease; newly acquired liver disease during pregnancy (ie, acute viral hepatitis); and liver disease that is specific to pregnancy, such as AFLP and preeclampsia, which may be complicated by HELLP syndrome. This article focuses on two diseases that are specific to the liver: preeclampsia; its variant, HELLP syndrome; and AFLP. Preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and AFLP form a spectrum of disease that ranges from involving mild symptoms to severe life-threatening multiorgan system dysfunction (MOSD). They have been shown to be the primary causes of severe hepatic dysfunction during pregnancy. This article attempts to define the clinical and diagnostic features, pathophysiology, and treatment options of preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and AFLP.
Dose and image quality. How does the choice of kilovoltage affect patient dose, scattered radiation, and image quality in CT examinations? Submitted by Glen Thomson, Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand.

Published online: 5 December 2003 Springer-Verlag 2003 How does the choice of KV affect patient dose, scattered radiation, and image quality in CT examinations? When the x-ray tube voltage (kV) in CT is reduced while keeping the mAs constant, the patient dose is decreased. Dropping the x-ray tube voltage from 120 to 80 kV at a constant current (mAs) typically reduces the patient dose by about 60% because of the large reduction in x-ray tube output. The choice of kV dose not affect the amount of ‘‘scatter’’—CT has negligible image scatter since the thin detector (up to 2–3 cm) and the data acquisition geometry ensure that most scattered photons miss the detector. The contrast of a lesion relative to the surrounding background generally increases as kV is reduced, but the noise (mottle) level also increases since there are fewer photons at the lower kV (hence the lower patient dose). The lesion contrast-tonoise ratio (CNR) generally gets worse as the kV is reduced at a constant mAs in CT—the increase in contrast is less than the corresponding increase in noise [1]. If one reduces the kV and increases the mAs, however, it may be possible to maintain image quality (CNR) while reducing patient doses. CT optimization with respect to x-ray tube voltage is being investigated by several researchers, with initial findings suggesting that the use of lower kV values is promising for CT performed using iodinated contrast material [2, 3]. To summarize, reducing the CT kV at a constant mAs will always reduce the patient dose, and would probably reduce the lesion CNR. When iodine is administered to a patient, reducing the kV is likely to reduce patient doses with no adverse effect on CNR.
Cysteine-Reactive Fluorescence Probes of Catalytic Sites of ATP Synthase

We searched for new fluorescent probes of catalytic-site nucleotide binding in F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase by introducing Cys mutations at positions in or close to catalytic sites and then reacting Cys-mutant F(1) with thiol-reactive fluorescent probes. Four suitable mutant/probe combinations were identified. beta F410C labeled by 7-fluorobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulfonamide (ABD-F) gave very large signal changes in response to nucleotide, allowing facile measurement of fluorescence and nucleotide-binding parameters, not only in F(1) but also in F(1)F(0). The results are consistent with the presence of three asymmetric catalytic sites of widely different affinities, with similar properties in both enzymes, and revealed a unique probe environment at the high-affinity site 1. beta Y331C F(1) labeled by ABD-F gave a large signal which monitored catalytic site polarity changes that occur along the ATP hydrolysis pathway. Two other mutant/probe combinations with significant nucleotide-responsive signals were beta Y331C labeled by 5-((((2-iodoacetyl)amino)ethyl)amino)naphthaline-1-sulfonic acid and alpha F291C labeled by 2-4'-(iodoacetamido)anilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid. The signal of the latter responds differentially to nucleoside diphosphate versus triphosphate bound in catalytic sites.
A geometrical method for the approximation of invariant tori

We consider a numerical method based on the so-called ''orthogonality condition'' for the approximation and continuation of invariant tori under flows. The basic method was originally introduced by Moore [Computation and parameterization of invariant curves and tori, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 15 (1991) 245-263], but that work contained no stability or consistency results. We show that the method is unconditionally stable and consistent in the special case of a periodic orbit. However, we also show that the method is unstable for two-dimensional tori in three-dimensional space when the discretization includes even numbers of points in both angular coordinates, and we point out potential difficulties when approximating invariant tori possessing additional invariant sub-manifolds (e.g., periodic orbits). We propose some remedies to these difficulties and give numerical results to highlight that the end method performs well for invariant tori of practical interest.
The linkage map of the rat

Our genetic knowledge of a species is reflected in the state of its gene map. Although still primitive, relative to the gene map of the mouse, great strides have been made in recent years in developing the gene map of the rat and nine linkage groups have now been defined. Mapping by conventional backcrossing methods has been supplemented with parasexual methods using somatic cell hybrids. Use of recombinant-inbred strains has contributed significantly to the development of the mouse map and the technique holds promise for the future expansion of the rat map. Of great interest are comparative gene mapping and the relationship of linkage groups of the rat to those of other species. At present the linkage groups of the rat and the mouse reflect a high degree of conservation. This is surprising since chromosome banding patterns of the two species show but 40% homology.
Exobiology and Future Mars Missions

Scientific questions associated with exobiology on Mars were considered and how these questions should be addressed on future Mars missions was determined. The mission that provided a focus for discussions was the Mars Rover/Sample Return Mission.
The Use of Oral Antibiotics in Daily Clinical Practice

In the treatment of infectious diseases in daily clinical practice, the physician is faced with a wide choice of antibiotics. Rational antibiotic use requires knowledge of the pathogens causing disease at that site, and the prevalence of resistance. In outpatient respiratory tract infection, for example, 3 pathogens, Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, predominate. β-Lactamase production by the first 2 is a significant factor in antibiotic selection for respiratory tract infection. Empirical antibiotics are selected for efficacy, cost-effectiveness, safety and patient compliance.
Decentralized rate control for tracking and surveillance networks

We present a duality-based method for decentralized communication resource management in the context of networked tracking and surveillance systems. This method shares communication resources according to the joint utility provided by information of particular types. By formulating the problem as an optimization of the joint utility of information flow rates, the dual of the problem can be understood to provide prices for particular routes. Decentralized rate control is accomplished using primal-dual iterations in combination with communication of these route prices and marginal utility values. We build on previous work on the subject in a few important ways. First, we consider utility functions that are jointly dependent on flow rates, to properly account for geometric synergy that can occur in sensor fusion problems. Second, we do not require that the rate-update algorithms have explicit knowledge of utility functions. Instead, our update algorithms only require transmission of marginal utility values. We provide a proof of the convergence of the algorithm, and present simulation results to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Barrier recrossing in surface diffusion: A phase-space perspective

Abstract The surface diffusion of helium on the (001) face of a xenon crystal is investigated from a classical phase-space point of view. An analysis of two- and three-dimensional model systems reveals that the overlap of turnstiles leads to trajectories that recross the conventional transition-state surface. For the first time, true three-degree-of-freedom turnstile overlap is calculated and compared with that of the two-dimensional model. We find that, though qualitatively correct, the two-degree-of-freedom model tends to overestimate the importance of recrossing. Techniques of computation are also discussed.
Children's attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a peer presented as physically handicapped: A more positive view

This study assessed stereotypic attitudes and behavioral intentions of 217 elementary school children toward a peer presented on a slide as physically handicapped (in a wheelchair) or nonhandicapped (in a regular chair). On two measures of behavioral intentions (Activity Preference List and a Likert-format acceptance scale) and a measure of stereotypic attitudes (Adjective Checklist), the children consistently rated the child in the wheelchair significantly more positively than they rated the same child in a regular chair. However, highly significant negative correlations were found between age and ratings on the three measures for the handicap condition but not for the nonhandicap condition. No gender differences were obtained. The findings indicate that these children showed a high degree of acceptance of a peer presented with a handicap; however, their ratings became less positive as a function of age.
Facilitated transport in ion-exchange membranes

Abstract Ions were used as mobile, membrane-bound carriers for selected gas species, these being introduced as the counter ions in ion-exchange membranes. For example, Ag+ ions were used as carriers for ethylene, and singly protonated ethylenediamine cations as carriers for CO2, both in cation-exchange membranes. Such preparations have the advantage that the carrier cannot easily be forced out of or washed out of the membrane, since it is retained there by strong electrostatic forces. This could be useful in practical gas separations, giving longer operating life under certain adverse conditions.
Analysis and optimization of a regional blood bank distribution process. I. Introduction and descriptive analysis.

Using data collected by an automated blood inventory and information system, an in-depth description of the functioning of a 31-hospital regional blood bank system for a 10-month period is presented. A total of 43,514 units of blood were included in this analysis. The following factors which affect the blood distribution process were studied: (1) recycling of blood units; (2) blood types; and (3) hospital inventory levels. It was found that blood recycling allows management flexibility and apparently is important in reducing blood outdating. It was shown that rare blood types are utilized differently from other types and consequently require special management practices for effective use. Ordering and recycling in the system differed greatly from hospital to hospital. The ratio of average daily inventory/average daily transfusions, was used to evaluate efficiency of hospital blood banks. In addition to analyzing those factors associated with the blood distribution process in a regional system, this study demonstrated types of information that can be derived from an automated data acquisition system.
Chiara Lubich's 1977 Templeton Prize Acceptance Speech: Case Study in the Mystical Narrative.

Critical literature has largely ignored the element of purpose in Kenneth Burke's dramatistic pentad, along with its attendant philosophy of mysticism. Chiara Lubich's 1977 Templeton Prize Acceptance Speech presents rhetorical critics with a valuable opportunity to observe in practice the features of a rhetoric of purpose, as Burke has disseminated them. In fact, analysis of Lubich's speech according to Burke's criteria of purposive rhetoric suggests the existence of a discrete sub‐class of purposive rhetoric identified here as the mystical narrative.
The evaluation of the protective action of antioxidants on small intestine of rabbits experimentally injured by ischemia and reperfusion.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to ascertain the possibility of diminishing ischemia-reperfusion injury by intravenous application of the chosen antioxidants: vitamin C, mannitol, and N-acetylcysteine. Methods The study was performed on New Zealand Red male rabbits, which were divided into 6 groups of 8. In group 1, 5 segments of the small intestine were taken for histopathologic examination (normal intestine). In group 2, segments of the small intestine were taken for histopathologic examination after 3 hours of closure of the superior mesenteric artery (ischemic intestine). In group 3, after 3 hours of closure of the superior mesenteric artery, 1 hour of reperfusion took place. In this group, blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was measured within the first 30 minutes, and segments of the small intestine were taken for histopathologic examination after 60 minutes of the reperfusion. In groups 4, 5, and 6 the procedure was similar to that in group 3, but additionally the rabbits were given antioxidants intravenously: in group 4, vitamin C, 250 mg/kg; in group 5, 20% mannitol, 3 mL/kg; and in group 6, N-acetylcysteine, 100 mg/kg. Results All the chosen antioxidants had a beneficial influence on the blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery. The blood flow in the groups with antioxidants after 30 minutes of the reperfusion was 53% to 57% of initial values compared with 27% of initial values in group 3. In histopathologic evaluation, protective action of the antioxidants was seen in the groups with vitamin C and mannitol. Conclusions Application of the chosen antioxidants reduces injury of the rabbit small intestine caused by reperfusion after 3 hours of closure of the superior mesenteric artery.
Impact of Treatment Beliefs and Social Network Encouragement on Initiation of Care by VA Service Users With PTSD

ObjectivesDespite the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) expansion of mental health services to treat VA service users with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many with PTSD do not engage in treatment. Numerous studies suggest that beliefs about treatment and social network factors, such as encouragement to seek treatment by others, affect engagement; however, prospective studies examining these factors are largely absent in this population. This study sought to understand social and attitudinal factors influencing treatment initiation, which may help to inform outreach interventions for VA service users with PTSD.MethodsA prospective, national cohort study of mental health care use among veterans recently diagnosed as having PTSD (N=7,645) was undertaken. Data from self-administered surveys and administrative databases were analyzed to assess contributions of treatment-related beliefs and social network encouragement to subsequent mental health care use, after facility, demographic, need, and a...
A reduced dimensionality model of ozone: Semiclassical treatment of van der Waals states

Abstract In order to simplify treatment of the ozone forming reaction a reduced dimensionality model is proposed, where the angle between two oxygen–oxygen bonds is relaxed for each pair of values of the bond lengths. This approach produces a two-dimensional potential energy surface which retains all major features of the ozone molecule, reproduces qualitatively the spectrum of van der Waals states important for the ozone formation process, and reproduces exactly the value of zero-point energy change (ΔZPE) important for the anomalous isotope effect. Semiclassical treatment is employed to calculate properties of van der Waals states in the two isotopically different channels.
Implications of a speed dependent modified Voigt function in atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract A speed dependent modified Voigt function (MVF) is utilized to describe atomic spectral line profiles and compared to the well known Voigt function (VF). The air—acetylene flame has been used for these comparisons. In all cases the MVF differs from the VF in the calculation of atomic absorption coefficients (up to 15%), full-width half-maximum (FWHM) intensity values (up to 18%), and a-parameter values (up to 80%). The variation between the functions is mass dependent and decreases with atomic weight. The MVF is used to evaluate published lineshape data and reveals a significant difference in calculated collisional cross section values. In addition an experimental situation is evaluated using the MVF and VF to show that the perturber gas in a graphite furnace is important due to its influence on the absorption coefficient at line center.
Induction of the Mucosal Immune Response

Secretory IgA (SIgA), which is one of the humoral factors responsible for the immune protection of large areas of mucosal surfaces, is produced by plasma cells resident in the submucosae and glandular stroma. However, specific induction of SIgA antibodies occurs largely through the common mucosal immune system, whereby antigens presented to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, such as intestinal Peyer's patches, stimulate B lymphocytes committed to IgA synthesis. These cells enter the circulation via lymphatics and finally home to several remote secretory tissues. The regulatory cells and factors that govern the mucosal immune response are beginning to be elucidated. Several bacterial and viral antigens have been used to evoke SIgA antibodies experimentally in humans, but only a few oral vaccines have been developed for clinical application. Considerable scope exists for the identification of appropriate immunogens and their formulation in delivery vehicles with suitable adjuvants to induce protective antibodies against a variety of pathogens that invade through mucosal surfaces. Several mucosal pathogens, however, secrete proteases that specifically cleave human IgA1. The full significance of this evasion mechanism and the ways of circumventing it must be addressed to maximize the effectiveness of mucosal immunity.
Molecular Evolution in Large Genetic Networks: Does Connectivity Equal Constraint?

Genetic networks show a broad-tailed distribution of the number of interaction partners per protein, which is consistent with a power-law. It has been proposed that such broad-tailed distributions are observed because they confer robustness against mutations to the network. We evaluate this hypothesis for two genetic networks, that of the E. coli core intermediary metabolism and that of the yeast protein-interaction network. Specifically, we test the hypothesis through one of its key predictions: highly connected proteins should be more important to the cell and, thus, subject to more severe selective and evolutionary constraints. We find, however, that no correlation between highly connected proteins and evolutionary rate exists in the E. coli metabolic network and that there is only a weak correlation in the yeast protein-interaction network. Furthermore, we show that the observed correlation is function-specific within the protein-interaction network: only genes involved in the cell cycle and transcription show significant correlations. Our work sheds light on conflicting results by previous researchers by comparing data from multiple types of protein-interaction datasets and by using a closely related species as a reference taxon. The finding that highly connected proteins can tolerate just as many amino acid substitutions as other proteins leads us to conclude that power-laws in cellular networks do not reflect selection for mutational robustness.
Seasonal Variation in Lysogeny as Depicted by Prophage Induction in Tampa Bay, Florida

A seasonal study of the distribution of lysogenic bacteria in Tampa Bay, Florida, was conducted over a 13-month period. Biweekly water samples were collected and either were left unaltered or had the viral population reduced by filtration (pore size, 0.2 μm) and resuspension in filtered (pore size, 0.2 μm) water. Virus-reduced and unaltered samples were then treated by adding mitomycin C (0.5 μg ml−1) to induce prophage or were left untreated. In order to test the hypothesis that prophage induction was phosphate limited, additional induction experiments were performed in the presence and absence of phosphate. Induction was assessed as an increase in viral direct counts, relative to those obtained in controls, as detected by epifluorescence microscopy. Induction of prophage was observed in 5 of 25 (20%) unaltered samples which were obtained during or after the month of February, paralleling the results from a previous seasonal study. Induction of prophage was observed in 9 of 25 (36%) of the virus-reduced samples, primarily those obtained in the winter months, which was not observed in a prior seasonal study (P. K. Cochran and J. H. Paul, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:2308-2312, 1998). Induction was noted in the months of lowest bacterial and primary production, suggesting that lysogeny was favored under conditions of poor host growth. Phosphate addition enabled prophage induction in two of nine (22%) experiments. These results indicate that prophage induction may occasionally be phosphate limited or respond to increases in phosphate concentration, suggesting that phosphate concentration may modulate the lysogenic response of natural populations.
N-glycolylneuraminic acid deficiency in humans

Classic studies suggested that the common mammalian sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is an oncofetal antigen in humans, being immunogenic in adult humans and yet apparently expressed in human fetuses and tumors. We and others have recently found that the human deficiency of Neu5Gc can be explained by an inactivating mutation in the gene encoding CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase. Thus, Neu5Gc is not an oncofetal antigen in the classical sense, and other explanations must be found for the observed expression pattern. This review provides an update on this matter, and considers a variety of other old and new questions that arise from it.
Fast comprehensive analysis of vitamin D and triacylglycerols in dietary supplements using multiple parallel mass spectrometers

New, faster methods have been developed for analysis of vitamin D and triacylglycerols that eliminate hours of wet chemistry and preparative chromatography, while providing more information than classical methods for analysis. Unprecedented detail is provided by combining liquid chromatography with the power of three or four mass spectrometers used simultaneously, in parallel, for definitive analysis of the vitamins and lipids in dietary supplements.
Assay, Purification, and Partial Characterization of Choline Monooxygenase from Spinach.

The osmoprotectant glycine betaine is synthesized via the path-way choline -> betaine aldehyde -> glycine betaine. In spinach (Spinacia oleracea), the first step is catalyzed by choline monooxygenase (CMO), and the second is catalyzed by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. Because betaine aldehyde is unstable and not easily detected, we developed a coupled radiometric assay for CMO. [14C]Choline is used as substrate; NAD+ and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase prepared from Escherichia coli are added to oxidize [14C]betaine aldehyde to [14C]glycine betaine, which is isolated by ion exchange. The assay was used in the purification of CMO from leaves of salinized spinach. The 10-step procedure included polyethylene glycol precipitation, polyethyleneimine precipitation, hydrophobic interaction, anion exchange on choline-Sepharose, dimethyldiethanolamine-Sepharose, and Mono Q, hydroxyapatite, gel filtration, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Following gel filtration, overall purification was about 600-fold and recovery of activity was 0.5%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 45 kD. Taken with the value of 98 kD estimated for native CMO (R. Brouquisse, P. Weigel, D. Rhodes, C.F. Yocum, A.D. Hanson [1989] Plant Physiol 90: 322-329), this indicates that CMO is a homodimer. CMO preparations were red-brown, showed absorption maxima at 329 and 459 nm, and lost color upon dithionite addition, suggesting that CMO is an iron-sulfur protein.
Incidence of postembolization syndrome after complete renal angioinfarction: a single-institution experience over four years

Abstract Objective. Renal angioinfarction (RAI) has been used for various indications in the management of renal tumors. While historically used for palliation of local symptoms (pain or hematuria), this technique has theoretical use in facilitating radical nephrectomy by allowing early ligation of the renal vein, decreasing blood loss and creating edema in resection planes. A common impediment to embolization is the development of postembolization syndrome (PES), which has been reported to have an incidence as high as 89%. This study reports the authors' experience with RAI as a safe palliative and adjunctive procedure over 4 years. Material and methods. From 2008 to 2011, 113 patients underwent complete RAI at Washington Hospital Center for palliative or adjunctive therapy by an interventional radiologist. Procedures were performed in a radiology suite using mild sedation with vascular access obtained by femoral artery puncture. RAI was performed by subsegmental injection of polyvinyl alcohol particles....
Short-term Multi-Region Load Forecasting Based on Weather and Load Diversity Analysis

In a power system covering large geographical area, a single forecasting model for overall load of the whole region sometimes can not guarantee satisfactory forecasting accuracy. One of the major reasons is because the existence of load diversity, usually caused by weather diversity. In such a system, multi-region load forecasting will be a feasible and effective solution to provide more accurate forecasting results. This paper aims to demonstrate the existence of weather and demand diversity within the control area of an electric utility in Midwest US. Based on the analysis, an artificial neural network (ANN) based multi-region load forecasting system has been developed and tested by using the actual data. Simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed multi-region load forecasting system to the single aggregate forecasting model.
Alterations in structure of elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries in hypoxic hypertension.

Liu, S. Q. Alterations in structure of elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries in hypoxic hypertension. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2147–2155, 1996.—The effect of hypoxic hypertension on the remodel...
An immunohistochemical study of the bone marrow lesions of systemic mastocytosis: expression of stem cell factor by lesional mast cells

The bone marrow biopsy in mastocytosis often reveals characteristic mast cell collections associated with lymphoid cell aggregates. There is limited information on the composition of these aggregates and whether they contain cytokines important to mast cell growth and development. We thus performed an immunohistochemical characterization of bone marrow lesions in 7 patients with systemic indolent mastocytosis. In nodular lesions, the collections of mast cells were surrounded by lymphoid aggregates; these aggregates consisted of a mixture of B and T cells. Immunohistochemical staining for stem cell factor (SCF) revealed the presence of this cytokine in the lesional mast cells with a granular staining pattern. These results show that the characteristic nodular lesions observed in bone marrow biopsy specimens of patients with mastocytosis bear features of benign lymphoid aggregates and that SCF is present in these lesions, creating a potential autocrine or paracrine growth and differentiation loop for mast cells and lymphoid progenitors.
CBA, Utilitarianism, and Reliance upon Intuitions

In the present essay, I explore the relationship between cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and utilitarianism. I find that CBA receives its greatest theoretical support from utilitarianism. In fact, it is nearly identical to one form of that ethical theory and shares with utilitarianism the ideal of replacing reliance on intuitive judgments with reliance on calculative rationality. At the same time, however, CBA suffers from some of the weaknesses of utilitarianism, which render it unreliable as an analytic tool. While modifications to CBA address some of these weaknesses, they virtually abandon the original ideal of replacing intuitions with calculations, because the modifications can be justified and employed only through the use of intuitions.
Targeting Body Image Schema for Smoking Cessation Among College Females: Rationale, Program Description, and Pilot Study Results:

Smoking among young adults is a significant public health problem. Despite the negative health effects, many young women smoke for weight and body image reasons. Understanding the factors that prompt young women to initiate and continue smoking is important for designing smoking cessation interventions. The aim of the current article is to outline a potential pathway for smoking behavior among young women, specifically applying a cognitive bias framework previously used to describe disordered eating behaviors. This article provides the rationale for using two different treatments targeting body image schema among female smokers. The authors describe the development, feasibility, and acceptability of these two treatment approaches among a sample of female college smokers (N = 24). Preliminary pilot data are presented as well as the significance and implications for future clinical interventions.
Action of hemoglobin. The energy of interaction

The energy of interaction is developed for three of the models applied to the action of hemoglobin. Evaluation of an energy of interaction requires a model defining the unperturbed or statistical process from which the real system is derived. The shape of a ligand binding curve by itself does not yield an energy of interaction since a steepened ligand binding curve may result from either a negative or positive energy of interaction.
Imperial historicism and American military rule in the Philippines' Muslim south

When American imperialists seized the Philippines at the dawning of the twentieth century, their guiding philosophy was predicated upon broadly conceived notions of cultural and political historicism. The unwavering self-assurance required to rule over millions of unfamiliar imperial subjects derived its potency from an unquestioned panoptic view of history. This epistemological tool of imperialism found an especially unique and fascinating expression in the United States' politico-military rule over Filipino Muslims. This article explores the creation and processes of imperial taxonomy among Moro populations while accounting for a number of disturbing disruptions and anomalies in the Americans' historical narrative (such as slavery and Islamic civilisation) that threatened to unravel the tightly circumscribed concept of a uniform and interpretable progressive transitional past. It also examines the ways in which American imperialists accounted for these anomalies, and manipulated their own interpretations of the past and the present to maintain the integrity of their philosophical imperial foundations.
Mannose-6-Phosphate Reductase, a Key Enzyme in Photoassimilate Partitioning, Is Abundant and Located in the Cytosol of Photosynthetically Active Cells of Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Source Leaves

Mannitol, a major photosynthetic product and transport carbohydrate in many plants, accounts for approximately 50% of the carbon fixed by celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves. Previous subfractionation studies of celery leaves indicated that the enzymes for mannitol synthesis were located in the cytosol, but these data are inconsistent with that published for the sites of sugar alcohol synthesis in other families and taxa, including apple (Malus) and a brown alga (Fucus). Using antibodies to a key synthetic enzyme, NADPH-dependent mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR), and immunocytochemical techniques, we have resolved both the inter-cellular and intracellular sites of mannitol synthesis. In leaves, M6PR was found only in cells containing ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. M6PR was almost exclusively cytosolic in these cells, with the nucleus being the only organelle to show labeling. The key step in transport carbohydrate biosynthesis that is catalyzed by M6PR displays no apparent preferential association with vascular tissues or with the bundle sheath. These results show that M6PR and, thus, mannitol synthesis are closely associated with the distribution of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in celery leaves. The principal role of M6PR is, therefore, in the assimilation of carbon being exported from the chloroplast, and it seems unlikely that this enzyme plays even an indirect role in phloem loading of mannitol.
Jazz fake-books as a resource in the general library

Purpose – This article aims to introduces generalist librarians who have music among their subject responsibilities to jazz fake-books as a library resource. Design/methodology/approach – The article begins with a review of jazz as a subject in the professional literature of both librarianship and music education. The second section discusses the origin and history of fake-books, while the third offers suggested selection criteria. This is followed by a bibliography of recommended fake-books, all of which were in print at the time of writing, along with information to facilitate the acquisition process. Findings – Although fake-books in electronic form have become available in recent years, they require an investment in both hardware and software on the purchaser's part. They also carry end-user licensing agreements that make them impractical as library purchases. Print fake-books remain a worthwhile area of study for collection development librarians. Originality/value – In preparing this article the aut...
Dietary NaCl Influences the Organization of Chorda Tympani Neurons Projecting to the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Rats

Prior research has shown that maintained exposure to either a low or high NaCl diet from conception to adulthood is associated with changes in NaCl solution intake and neural responses of the chorda tympani (CT) nerve. The present study examined the influence of maintained exposure to a low or high NaCl diet on the central organization of CT neurons projecting to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). Three groups of rats were reared and maintained on regular chow containing either basal 0.1%, intermediate 1.0% or high 6% NaCl from conception to adulthood. The fluorescent marker Dil was applied to the CT for characterization of afferent terminations and efferent cell body labeling in the brainstem. The total NST area occupied by CT afferent fibers was the same for all three dietary groups. However, the pattern of CT innervation differed such that there was an enlarged dorsal terminal field in the high group. There were no group differences in body and brain weight, or in efferent labeled neurons. Thus, Dil has been demonstrated to be an effective transport marker of the gustatory system and the parameters of dietary NaCl exposure that influence the pattern of the CT fibers projecting to the NST have been further clarified.
Speech recognition using stochastic segment neural networks

The authors previously presented (1991) a stochastic explicit-segment modeling (SESM) approach to speech recognition. There were two major stochastic components: boundary and phonetic classifications. The authors extend their earlier framework and incorporate context-dependent techniques into the major stochastic components. The current implementation uses stochastic segment neural networks (SSNN) to deal with these two problems. The authors have experimented with SSNN on a task of recognizing 25 words (city names) recorded from actual customers over the telephone network. Comparisons show that context-dependent modeling can reduce the error rate quite substantially. Specifically, using context-dependent boundary and phonetic classifications, the authors achieved an error rate of 3.3% with no rejections or about 0.35% at a rejection rate of 15%. >
Randomized trial with intracoronary streptokinase versus placebo (Western Washington)

The Western Washington Trial was initiated in July 1981 and was completed in 1983. It is an intracoronary streptokinase multicentre trial which included a total of 14 hospitals. The entry of patients was restricted to those less than 75 years of age. They were required to have an ST elevation, and to submit to coronary angiography. Over the period of the study 250 patients were randomised to receive either streptokinase treatment or control therapy.
A history of the DNA repair and mutagenesis field: The discovery of base excision repair

This article reviews the early history of the discovery of an DNA repair pathway designated as base excision repair (BER), since in contrast to the enzyme-catalyzed removal of damaged bases from DNA as nucleotides [called nucleotide excision repair (NER)], BER involves the removal of damaged or inappropriate bases, such as the presence of uracil instead of thymine, from DNA as free bases.
Residents' scholarly activity: a cost analysis with regard to its effects on departments.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current financial strain on training departments may have a significantly negative impact on continuing support for residents' scholarly activity. A cost analysis with regard to residents' scholarly activity effects on anesthesiology training departments is performed. RECENT FINDINGS The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has issued a new outcome-focused scholarly activity requirement. Low scholarly achievement by anesthesiology faculty in the USA has been documented and needs transformation. It is evident that a structured scholarly activity support system is effective. To support such a system, training departments need to support anesthesiology residents' nonclinical time, which would cost an average of $13,500 per month per resident using nonresident hands-on care providers in operating rooms, resident's meeting attendance in average $1,424 per resident per meeting, and faculty mentorship and other infrastructure. It must also be taken into account that missed clinical opportunities by an anesthesiology resident during nonclinical time are an estimated average of 60 cases per month. SUMMARY The importance of resident scholarly activity has never been so or as critical as in the present. Anesthesiology leadership must continue to invest to support resident scholarly activity for the future of the specialty while being mindful of costs incurred.
Endoluminal bariatric and metabolic interventions

Abstract Obesity has become a global pandemic reaching epic proportions. Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, surgery, and lifestyle interventions obesity׳s health burden continues to rise. Endoscopic bariatric techniques have arisen over the years, which are efficacious, reversible, safe, and cost effective; thus, potentially applicable to the larger cohort of patients with mild-to-moderate obesity. These therapies make gastrointestinal endoscopy a viable contender in the treatment of obesity. This review summarizes the current endoscopic bariatric techniques that are available in the US market or in advanced stages of development and regulatory approval.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT OF THE WOODRAT, NEOTOMA FUSCIPES, IN NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA

Neotoma fuscipes has been found to occur widely and abundantly over most of the Great Basin sector of northeastern California in juniper woodland, open pine forest, and lava bed habitats. Past records have shown only slight penetration into this region east of the Cascade range. Early collectors found only Neotoma cinerea in localities where N. fuscipes now is abundant. It is suggested that weather extremes or possibly plague epizootics in the past have severely affected the range of N. fuscipes. The dusky-footed woodrat, Neotoma fuscipes, is distributed along the Pacific Coast from the Columbia River to northern Baja California, generally west of the deserts and Great Basin. In northern California it occurs in the coastal belt, and extends across the head of the Sacramento Valley and along the west slope of the Sierra Nevada. It is well known from Shasta and Scott valleys, Siskiyou County. However, the species has been recorded from just two areas east of the Sierra-Cascade divide-near Tennant and at Crescent Butte, Lava Beds National Monument, in easternmost Siskiyou County (Hooper, 1938), and in the Pit River drainage east to Hayden Hill, north- western Lassen County (Goldman, 1910). We have found Neotoma fuscipes to be widespread and abundant east of the Cascade divide over much of the Great Basin sector of northeastern California.