cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a latex agglutination assay for the identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei.

Cases of melioidosis and glanders are rare in the United States, but the etiologic agents of each disease (Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei, respectively) are classified as Tier 1 select agents because of concerns about their potential use as bioterrorism agents. A rapid, highly sensitive, and portable assay for clinical laboratories and field use is required. Our laboratory has further evaluated a latex agglutination assay for its ability to identify B. pseudomallei and B. mallei isolates. This assay uses a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the capsular polysaccharide produced by B. pseudomallei and B. mallei, but is absent in closely related Burkholderia species. A total of 110 B. pseudomallei and B. mallei were tested, and 36 closely related Burkholderia species. The latex agglutination assay was positive for 109 of 110 (99.1% sensitivity) B. pseudomallei and B. mallei isolates tested. The Gram-negative bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. Melioidosis typically causes disease in humans and is endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia, whereas glanders is a disease most commonly seen in horses, mules, and donkeys in the Middle East, Africa, and India. Both bacteria are of concern because of their potential use as bioterrorism agents. The rarity of both diseases in the United States and other countries where the diseases are not endemic could delay proper diagnosis by physicians and laboratory staff during a bioterrorism event caused by responders' unfamiliarity with the diseases. Diag- nostic confirmation of both diseases relies on microbiological culture. However, B. pseudomallei is commonly dismissed as a culture contaminant, and along with B. mallei may be misidentified by standard identification methods including API 20NE and other automated bacterial identification sys- tems. Therefore, rapid diagnostic tools for bacterial identifi- cation are essential to provide an effective response by public health authorities in the event of a bioterrorism incident. The goal of this study was to evaluate a rapid assay for the identi- fication of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei. Latex agglutination assays have been used successfully in
Vocabulary, syntax, and narrative development in typically developing children and children with early unilateral brain injury: Early parental talk about the there-and-then matters

This study examines the role of a particular kind of linguistic input—talk about the past and future, pretend, and explanations, that is, talk that is decontextualized—in the development of vocabulary, syntax, and narrative skill in typically developing (TD) children and children with pre- or perinatal brain injury (BI). Decontextualized talk has been shown to be particularly effective in predicting children’s language skills, but it is not clear why. We first explored the nature of parent decontextualized talk and found it to be linguistically richer than contextualized talk in parents of both TD and BI children. We then found, again for both groups, that parent decontextualized talk at child age 30 months was a significant predictor of child vocabulary, syntax, and narrative performance at kindergarten, above and beyond the child’s own early language skills, parent contextualized talk and demographic factors. Decontextualized talk played a larger role in predicting kindergarten syntax and narrative outcomes for children with lower syntax and narrative skill at age 30 months, and also a larger role in predicting kindergarten narrative outcomes for children with BI than for TD children. The difference between the 2 groups stemmed primarily from the fact that children with BI had lower narrative (but not vocabulary or syntax) scores than TD children. When the 2 groups were matched in terms of narrative skill at kindergarten, the impact that decontextualized talk had on narrative skill did not differ for children with BI and for TD children. Decontextualized talk is thus a strong predictor of later language skill for all children, but may be particularly potent for children at the lower-end of the distribution for language skill. The findings also suggest that variability in the language development of children with BI is influenced not only by the biological characteristics of their lesions, but also by the language input they receive.
The teratogenic effects of sugars on the chick embryo.

SUMMARY The effect of treatment of chick embryos during the first day of incubation with a number of sugars is described. To some embryos solid sugars were applied in opened eggs; for others the substances were injected in solution. By both methods, all sugars tested were found to be teratogenic, but no apparent general differences between mono-, di-, and trisaccharides were found. Nor were there any correlations between those which can be metabolised at these stages and their teratogenicity. The range of defects produced is similar to those found when embryos of this age are treated with other substances. In embryos treated with [ 14 C]sucrose, some of the label is retained within the tissues in a bound, insoluble form. Possible implications of this finding are suggested.
English prepositions: A stratificational approach

In a paper read at the Tenth International Congress of Linguists, Bucharest, 1967 (Bennett, forthcoming), I discussed the question of synonymy within the framework of the stratificational theory of language, taking examples from the area of English prepositions. The present paper has two aims. On the one hand, it incorporates the findings of more recent work on synonymy. Thus whereas, for instance, in the earlier paper two levels of synonymy were distinguished, it now seems necessary to recognize four or possibly five levels. On the other hand, the paper will attempt to set the discussion of synonymy in a wider framework by sketching the outlines of a semological description of English prepositions. To present such a description would be beyond the scope of the paper. I hope merely to indicate the general shape that the description might take. In addition to the remarks on synonymy there will be some discussion of polysemy, componential analysis and idioms. In particular it is hoped that a clear picture will emerge of the relationship between these various areas.
Factors Affecting the Acceptability of Suicide.

The present study examined whether attitudes toward suicide vary as a function of the age and gender of the suicide victim, the gender of the evaluator, and the type of illness that precipitates the suicide. The participants in the study were 780 college students who were administered a questionnaire consisting of one of twelve scenarios describing a fictitious individual who has decided to commit suicide, as well as a series of evaluative scales and questions about the individual and his/her decision. The scenarios varied in terms of the age of the victim (i.e., forty-five vs. seventy), the gender of the victim, and the precipitating illness (i.e., chronic depression, chronic physical pain, or terminal bone cancer). Evaluations of suicide tended to be significantly more favorable when the evaluators were male, when male victims were being judged, when elderly victims were being evaluated, or when terminal cancer was the precipitating illness.
Modified staining technique for the on-site evaluation of fine-needle aspiration specimens from fatty tissues

The adequacy of on-site evaluation of fine-needle aspiration from fatty tissues can be complicated by less than optimal adherence or fixation of the aspirated cells to the surface of the glass slide. This article describes a modified staining technique that optimizes the recovery of material in such circumstances.
Managing blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children: a review

Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) in children has been under-recognized for a variety of reasons until now, as traditionally it has been considered an ‘adults’disease’ till date. It is however, an important cause of preventable and treatable visual morbidity in children. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of this condition is still unknown. We have performed a literature review using PubMed and the MeSH terms like blepharitis, blepharokeratoconjunctivitis, children, ocular rosacea and meibomian gland dysfunction. We have discussed all the major series on childhood BKC reported in the literature. The diagnosis and management of BKC in children is challenging. Detailed evaluation and a stepwise management protocol is essential to manage the disease at an earlier stage and to prevent the development of severe visual sequeale. Examination of affected children includes the assessment of visual acuity, refraction, thorough evaluation of the eyelids, the anterior tear meniscus, conjunctiva and cornea. Manageme...
Blind OFDM parameter estimation techniques in frequency-selective rayleigh channels

In this work we present various blind algorithms for estimating signal parameters of unknown OFDM signal waveforms in frequency-selective Rayleigh channels. These algorithms are meant to alleviate some of the challenges facing unauthorized receivers and cognitive radios where many received signal parameters are unknown. Previously known single-symbol algorithms for Maximum Likelihood (ML) Timing and Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation have been extended to multi-symbol type. Fine parameter estimation using transform domain methods are also presented. The application of these algorithms to field collected OFDM waveforms is also presented. New blind OFDM channel estimation algorithms are presented.
P4.128 American Indian Emerging Adults: Partnership Formation and HIV Risk and Protective Factors

Multiple challenges such as high rates of discrimination, poverty and traumatic events, expose American Indian (AI) women to high-risk sexual partnerships placing them at an increased risk for HIV/STI. Characterizing sexual partner networks, or who is partnering with whom, and how partnerships change over time, is essential for translating the concept of sexual health beyond the individual to the partnership and the population of connected emerging adults. We interviewed 129 AI women age 15–35 years residing on a rural reservation with 189 unique partnerships to understand patterns of relationship formation and dissolution and how these partnerships differ in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, sexual risk behaviour within partnerships, and characteristics of place (e.g., where partners met, where they most often have sex, where the partner lives) to inform prevention interventions. Of the 129 sexually active AI women, 37% reported > 1 partner in the past 6 months. Women reporting one partner (compared to > 1 partner) report lower 12-months binge drinking: 25.9% vs. 58.3%, p Emerging AI adult women in risky partnerships transitioned to a safer partner overtime. Preventing engagement with risky partners would reduce HIV/AIDS risk.
An Infant Monitoring System Using CO/sub 2/ Sensors

In this paper, we proposed an infant monitoring system to reduce the potential risks for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This system can be used for infants at home or in a hospital nursery room. The system consists of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) sensors and active radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. A commercial metal-oxide based CO2 sensor was chosen and characterized in sensitivity, selectivity and humidity dependence. A proof-of-concept system, to be used for two infants in the same room, was designed and assembled. The RFID transmission was accomplished with a wireless module at two different operating frequencies. The results are promising. A method for further practical applications in a large nursery room is also discussed in details in this paper.
A Review of the Newer Antiepileptic Drugs and the Ketogenic Diet

Since 1994, three new antiepileptic drugs, felbamate, lamotrigene, and gabapentin, have been released for the treatment of epilepsy. The present paper provides an overview of these three drugs and reviews their potential uses in pediatric epilepsy even though felbamate is the only one with an approved use in children. Topiramate and vigabatrin, which are under investigation, are briefly reviewed. In addition, a discussion of the ketogenic diet is included because of its recent publicity. Patient examples included provide clinical illustrations for the reader.
Automatic generation of self-scheduling programs

Techniques are described for the automatic generation of self-scheduling parallel programs. Both scheduling algorithms and the concurrent components of applications are expressed in a high-level concurrent language. Partitioning and data dependency information are expressed by simple control statements, which may be generated either automatically or manually. A self-scheduling compiler, implemented as a source-to-source transformation, takes application code, control statements, and scheduling routines and generates a new program that can schedule its own execution on a parallel computer. The approach has several advantages compared to previous proposals. It generates programs that are portable over a wide range of parallel computers. There is no need to embed special control structures in application programs. The use of a high-level language to express applications and scheduling algorithms facilitates the development, modification, and reuse of parallel programs. >
Can carbon isotopes be used to predict watershed‐scale transpiration?

[1] The Penman-Monteith equation is often used to estimate transpiration, but an important limitation to this approach, especially for mountainous forested sites, is an accurate estimate of canopy conductance averaged over the area of interest (Gs). We propose a method for estimating watershed-scale transpiration using estimates of Gs derived from measurements of stable isotopes. To estimate Gs, we first determined the isotopic composition of ecosystem respiration (δ13CER) as derived from the 12C:13C ratio of respired CO2 entrained within nocturnal cold air drainage flows exiting the base of the watershed. An isotope-derived estimate of recent canopy conductance over the entire watershed (Gs-I) was derived using biophysical models. To estimate daily average transpiration, we applied Gs-I and other measured environmental variables to the Penman-Monteith equation. The results were compared with an independent measure of transpiration using the heat dissipation method at four locations within the watershed. Considering the large number of assumptions required for both estimates of transpiration, the two estimates were remarkably similar. The relationship between the values derived by the two techniques was statistically significant (p value 0.1), but the standard error was large (SE = 0.48). The results demonstrate that this technique holds promise, but the effects of potential limitations require further attention. The future research necessary to fully demonstrate the validity of this potentially promising method is discussed.
Autonomic effects on QT-RR interval dynamics after exercise

This study was designed to assess autonomic effects on the QT interval during recovery from exercise. Exercise is associated with an acute increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Evidence of impair...
A Dynamic Multi-Channel Decision-Fusion Strategy to Classify Differential Brain Activity

A strategy is developed to dynamically fuse classification information from multiple channels in order to accurately classify brain activity elicited by external stimuli. The strategy is dynamic in the sense that different channels are selected at different time-instants. The channels are ranked at different time-instants according to their classification accuracies. Although the brain signals are multivariate signals, the classifiers are simple univariate classifiers. A rule is formulated to dynamically select different channels at different time-instants during the testing phase. The independent decisions of the selected channels are fused into a decision fusion vector. The resulting decision fusion vector is optimally classified using a discrete Bayes classifier. The dynamic decision fusion strategy is tested on 3 evoked potential (EP) data sets of 2 different paradigms using univariate mean and Gaussian classifiers. It is shown that the strategy yields high classification accuracies especially for high noise cases. Furthermore, the generalized formulation of the strategy makes it applicable to a wide range of multi-category classification problems involving multivariate signals collected from multiple sensors.
Landscape Scale Ecosystems of the Pine Mountain Range, Georgia

ABSTRACT Landscape scale analysis of the vegetation of the Pine Mountain Range of west-central Georgia revealed fourteen plant communities. This unique mountain chain at the southern border of the Piedmont has a plant composition with a mixture of Appalachian, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain species. Dry ridgetops supported Pinus palustris and Quercus laevis, while steep moist slopes have Kalmia latifolia and Rhododendron minus as a component. Communities on calcareous soils include ridgetops with an Aesculus pavia midstory and savannah-like areas with an overstory of P. palustris and understory of Gymnopogon brevifolius and Rhus aromatica. Quercus georgiana was common and widespread in the southern portions of the range, especially in FDR State Park. The moist valleys have provided a refuge for Appalachian and Coastal Plain species, while the uplands harbor P. palustris ecosystems and a Castanea dentata stand. Due to the unique species composition, conservation efforts should focus on returning fire as an ec...
Progress towards establishing collection standards for semi-automated pollen classification in forensic geo-historical location applications

Abstract The digitization of pollen grain images would permit the creation of a semi-automated system that could aid the expert palynologists in pollen classification. It would reduce cost and time-to-answer as well as improve analyst productivity. These issues are particularly critical in forensic applications. There are numerous factors that should be considered when establishing a digital database intended for semi-automated pollen classification. This paper explores a number of these issues through computer vision and machine learning assessments. The main topics evaluated are morphologically similar species-level classification, optimal training data size, how best to utilize three-dimensional data, accuracy changes due to the availability of metadata, i.e., fluctuations in analysts' confidence in taxa labeling, and using fossil data to classify modern data. This is the first known application of training on fossil data to classify modern taxa. Performances of 95.4% and 93.8% correct classification were achieved on two distinct sets of morphologically similar species-level data, surpassing previous records. We determined that a minimum of 5–10 training images per class was required to yield reasonable performance. Additionally, we established that all depth dimension slices associated with each grain were required to yield the best performance possible. Lastly, the error rate doubles due to decreasing analyst confidence and almost triples when using data from grains of varying ages, further solidifying the importance of comprehensive metadata.
Lorentz invariance, local field theory, and faster-than-light particles

The quantum theory of faster-than-light particles is studied following the earlier classical theory of Bilanuik, Deshpande, and Sudarshan and of Terletski. The ingenious scheme of quantization formulated by Feinberg is seen, on closer examination, to violate Lorentz invariance. Another scheme of quantization involving a new physical postulate is formulated. The consistency and novel features of this formulation are discussed in some detail.
How Many Genes Does a Cell Need

This chapter reviews, discusses, and proposes studies aimed at determining how many Mycoplasma genitalium genes are really necessary when cells are grown under ideal laboratory conditions. A list of the 100 M. genitalium protein-coding genes disrupted in the 2006 study is provided in this chapter. Using The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) functional classification scheme, the 100 genes can be broken into 15 groups based on their main roles. Seven DNA repair and recombination genes were disrupted, including recA, which is one of the most ubiquitous proteins found in nature. A minimal set of genes cannot be convincingly determined by either comparative genomics or global transposon mutagenesis. However, these studies do identify more than 200 genes for core functions such as DNA replication, transcription, protein translation, energy metabolism, transport, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and protein fate, which one has confidence will be represented in the minimal cell. There are three possible approaches to making a minimal cell: (i) cumulative inactivation of genes using mutagens that produce frameshifts, (ii) sequential genome reduction using recombineering methods, and (iii) chemical synthesis of a minimal genome and installation into receptive cell cytoplasm. A minimal genome may not by itself be useful in a practical sense, but one can envision in the not too distance future the ability to design and synthesize microbes for useful purposes such as production of pharmaceutical products, industrial compounds, and fuels. In the future, stripped down organisms outfitted with useful biosynthetic pathways could provide the basis for new industrial processes.
Effects of Changes in Prices, Inputs and Efficiency on Farm Incomes (1937–39 to 1948–50)

LARGER net farm incomes in the last several years compared with those of the late thirties are often attributed solely to the higher prices received for farm products. These higher prices have been an important factor although they have been partly offset by the higher prices paid for items used in production. But in addition to. higher prices, the use of more resources and the greater efficiency in production also have contributed significantly to higher incomes. For farmers, as a group, changes in volume of production are associated with a tendency for prices of their commodities to move in the opposite direction. However, the relationship of volume and price is not the same for all farmers, but varies with the elasticity of demand for their respective products. For farmers as individual producers there is little, if any, relationship between volume of production and price, except that they may plan their level of production in anticipation of a given set of prices at some later date. Since this analysis is concerned with the effects of these and other factors on individual farms of different types the relationship between volume and price may be ignored. Most farmers have benefited from the increase in the price level during the decade of the 1940's, but not all of them have profited by recent technological changes. Some have adopted new techniques which have raised the "level of farming" but have added little to production. Some farmers have been unable to discard older techniques in order to reduce costs.
Mathematical Model for Transient River Flow

Bergeron’s Method is adopted for solution of dynamic river flow problems. The mathematical model that is derived from elementary physical principles is well-suited for efficient digital computer programming. A Honeywell 290 process control computer was used in testing the model against past flow histories recorded on a major eastern river.
A Graphical Treatment of Mixtures

(1923). A Graphical Treatment of Mixtures. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 243-249.
The problem with peptide presumption and the downfall of target-decoy false discovery rates.

In proteomics, peptide-tandem mass spectrum match scores and target–decoy database derived false discovery rates (FDR) are confidence indicators describing the quality of individual and sets of tan...
Sanctions and Alternate Markets: How Trade and Alliances Affect the Onset of Economic Coercion

Although much research has examined how third parties might affect the success of economic sanctions, scant research has considered the extent to which potential—rather than realized—alternate mark...
Effects of Geomagnetically Induced Current on Transferring Characteristics of Current Transformer and Transformer Differential Protection

DC bias may affect the transferring characteristics of the current transformer,threatening the operation of differential protection.Compared with the DC bias caused by high voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission,the bias magnetic flux resulting from geomagnetically induced current(GIC)is more complex,especially when considering its effects on current transformer transferring characteristics.The differences between GIC bias and DC bias are analyzed in detail.According to the equivalent circuit of current transformer,the mechanism of current transformer saturation due to GIC is discussed.Then based on the characteristics of GIC,simulation models are developed in PSCAD/EMTDC,where low frequency sinusoidal currents are adopted to emulate GIC.Simulations are conducted to analyze current transformer transient saturation and partial transient saturation,the results of which demonstrate that effects of GIC may result in mal-operation of transformer differential protection,and should be given prompt attention.
Selection and preparation of patients for renal transplantation.

Current results of renal transplantation justify earlier referral of patients for consideration-before the development of symptomatic renal failure and irreversible degenerative complications. Successful transplants have now been performed on patients previously considered unsuitable.
J = 0 NN. -->. pi pi. amplitude in the unphysical region t > 4. mu. /sup 2/

The magnitude of the J = 0 N anti N ..-->.. ..pi pi.. amplitude is evaluated in the pseudophtsical region above the ..pi pi.. threshold. The relevance of this quantity to the dispersion theory of nucleon--nucleon scattering is discussed, and the 425-MeV l = 5,6,7 sic phase parameters calculated from the dispersion theory are given. (AIP)
Selection and Identification of Molecular Gold Clusters at the Nano(gram) Scale: Reversed Phase HPLC–ESI–MS of a Mixture of Au-Peth MPCs

Recent advances in cluster synthesis make it possible to produce an enormous variety molecule-like MPCs of size, composition, shape, and surface-chemical combinations. In contrast to the significant growth in the synthetic capability to generate these materials, progress in establishing the physicochemical basis for their observed properties has remained limited. The main reason for this has been the lack of the analytical capability to generate and measure samples of suitably high (molecular) purity; such capability is also essential to support therapeutic and diagnostic MPC development. In order for MPC products to get to market, especially those products that are medical-field related, characterization is required to identify and quantify all components present in a material mixture. Here, we show results from analysis of several synthetic mixtures of gold MPCs by nonaqueous reversed-phase chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection. The additional or hidden components, revealed to be prese...
Conformational Effects of Reversed-Phase HPLC on Ribonuclease Α and α-Chymotrypsin by Particle Beam LC/FT-IR Spectrometry

The reversed-phase liquid chromatographic behavior of ribonuclease A (Rnase) and α-chymotrypsin (α-Chy) have been examined by particle beam LC/FT-IR spectrometry. Interaction of many proteins with a non-polar stationary phase is known to induce reversible/irreversible denaturation of the protein. Reverse-phase HPLC of such proteins often produces a series of chromatographic peaks representing different solution conformations. The chromatographic behaviors of Rnase and α-Chy were examined through selective sampling of the major peaks observed in the chromatographic profiles of each protein by particle beam LC/FT-IR spectrometry. These conformations were produced and separated in this study by the use of a C-4 column with an acetonitrile gradient. These bands were examined post-column with a diode array detector at 220 nm, followed by isolation of the different solution conformers by the particle beam technique. The aerosol-based particle beam apparatus has previously been shown to be successful in the isolation of intermediate conformations of proteins. The resulting protein deposits are examined off-line by FT-IR microscopy. Additionally, Rnase was examined in various concentrations of acetonitrile to assess the degree to which the organic modifier affects the secondary structural content of the protein. Differences in secondary structure elements were evident among the chromatographic peaks of both Rnase and α-Chy. Secondary structure differences were also evident in Rnase in different concentrations of acetonitrile.
The Family Socialization Interview—Revised (FSI-R): a Comprehensive Assessment of Parental Disciplinary Behaviors

Elucidating the complex mechanisms by which harsh parenting increases risk of child psychopathology is key to targeted prevention. This requires nuanced methods that capture the varied perceptions and experiences of diverse families. The Family Socialization Interview-Revised (FSI-R), adapted from an interview developed by Dodge et al. (Child Development, 65, 649-665, 1994), is a comprehensive, semi-structured interview for characterizing methods of parental discipline used with young children. The FSI-R coding system systematically rates parenting style, usual discipline techniques, and most intense physical and psychological discipline based on rater judgment across two eras: (1) birth to the previous year, and (2) the previous year to present. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the FSI-R in a diverse, high-risk community sample of 386 mothers and their children, ages 3 to 6 years. Interrater reliability was good to excellent for codes capturing physically and psychologically harsh parenting, and restrictive/punitive parenting styles. Findings supported the FSI-R's convergent and incremental validity. Importantly, the FSI-R demonstrated incremental utility, explaining unique variance in children's externalizing and internalizing symptoms beyond that explained by traditional surveys and observed parenting. The FSI-R appeared particularly promising for capturing risk associated with young children's depressive symptoms, as these were generally not significantly associated with other measures of harsh parenting. Overall, findings support the added value of the FSI-R within a multi-method assessment of disciplinary practices across early child development. Future implications for prevention are discussed.
Seasonality of the Observed Amplified Sahara Warming Trend and Implications for Sahel Rainfall

AbstractPrior results indicate an amplified annual mean warming trend over the Sahara, with temperature trends that are 2–4 times that of the tropical mean rate. Trend analysis is conducted using five atmospheric reanalyses and three observational datasets to better understand the seasonality and physical processes of this amplified warming and the implications for Sahel precipitation. The seasonality of the amplified warming is maximum during July–October with a minimum during June. Two processes related to the amplified warming are identified. A “dry process” supports amplified warming over the Sahara when there is limited latent heating and/or evaporation to cool the surface and distribute heat to the atmosphere. In this mechanism, the warming results from changes in the upward longwave and downward longwave fluxes that are tightly coupled to each other. The second, termed a “wet process,” occurs during the summer West African monsoon season. In this mechanism there are increases in the low- and midlev...
Dynamic stabilization of Janus sphere trans-dimers

We experimentally investigated the self-assembly of chemically active colloidal Janus spheres into dimers. The trans-dimer conformation, in which the two active sites are oriented roughly in opposite directions and the particles are osculated at their equators, becomes dominant as the hydrogen peroxide fuel concentration increases. Our observations suggest high spinning frequency combined with little translational motion is at least partially responsible for the stabilization of the trans-dimer as activity increases.
Ein Punkt-Vektor-Modell zu Unterschiedlichen Datenstrukturen

Neue Ansatze der Mehrdimensionalen Skalierung bieten neben der Objektpositionierung Interpretationshilfen, die eine Analyse der Ahnlichkeitsstruktur der Objektmenge ermoglichen. Im Prinzip werden neben der Objektkonfiguration in einem geeignet dimensionierten Raum Vektoren oder Koordinatenachsen fur jedes Merkmal so ermittelt, das die Orthogonalprojektion der Objekte auf diese Achsen die merkmalsspezifischen Ahnlichkeiten bestmoglichst beschreibt. Die bekannten Ansatze mit Interpretationshilfen (Hotelling (1933), Slater (1960), Tucker (1960), Carroll (1972), Carroll und Chang (1970, 1973), Kruskal und Shepard (1974), Shocker und Srinivasan (1977), Young, Takane und de Leeuw (1978)) beziehen sich auf relativ einfache Merkmalsstrukturen (kardinal, ordinal, nominal). Im Falle qualitativer Daten wurde die Losungsmethode der alternierenden Kleinst-Quadrate-Schatzung eingesetzt.
Inequities in the quality of urban park systems: an environmental justice investigation of cities in the United States

Abstract A growing body of research shows affluent White neighborhoods have more acres of parks and more park facilities than low-income ethnic minority communities in many Global North cities. Most of these investigations focused on neighborhood-level differences and did not analyze broader inequities across cities. This is a particularly significant limitation in the U.S., where changes in the political economy of parks due to a reduced local tax base have led cities to compete against each other to secure park funding from national nonprofits and public agencies. To address this gap, we examined whether the quality of urban park systems – measured through The Trust for Public Land’s ParkScore – varies depending on a city’s median income and ethnic composition. Based on multivariate regressions in which we control for features of the urban fabric, we found U.S. cities with higher median incomes and lower percentages of Latino and Non-Hispanic Black residents have higher ParkScores than other cities. Some inequities also emerged for park coverage, park spending per person, and park facilities, with majority-Latino cities being particularly disadvantaged. These findings echo the results of neighborhood-level studies in Global North contexts, suggesting neighborhood-level inequities in park provision might scale up to inequities across cities. This study contributes to environmental justice theory and advocacy by demonstrating the importance of scaling up analyses of park provision to cross-city comparisons. Implications for landscape planning, public policy, and grant-making are discussed.
Thermal Analysis of Kaolin Clays: Correlation with X-Ray Crystallinity Data

Thermal analysis and x-ray diffraction data have been obtained on five samples of selected kaolinite. These samples are essentially mono-mineralic and differ in crystallinity from well-crystallized to poorly crystallized.
Maimonides on the Origin of the World: Aristotle and the Arguments for Eternity

A ccording to maimonides, aristotle believed that the world is eternal and that it has always existed in the form in which it now exists. As Davidson remarks, the latter claim is important because Maimonides' rendering of the Platonic view is that although the material component of the world is eternal, its form or structure was imposed by God during creation. This is why the Platonic view leaves room for divine volition. The Aristotelian view does not because it denies both creation ex nihilo and the creation of the cosmos de novo . In the words of Maimonides ( GP 2.12, p. 284): “He [Aristotle] thinks that this being as a whole, such as it is, has never ceased to be and will never do so; that the permanent thing not subject to generation and passing-away, namely the heaven, likewise does not cease to be; that time and motion are perpetual and everlasting and not subject to generation and passing-away; and also that the thing subject to generation and passing-away, namely, that which is beneath the sphere of the moon, does not cease to be.” As such, the Aristotelian position understands creation as eternal dependence on God and constitutes the extreme opposite of the Mosaic. The crux of this position is a principle articulated throughout the Aristotelian corpus: anything that is eternal is necessary. If the present form of the world always was and always will be, it is necessary and no other form is possible.
Nucleosomes and chromatin

Abstract The past year has produced important new results and an accelerating rate of progress towards an understanding of the structures and mechanisms of chromatin folding, and of the relationship between chromosome structure and chromosome function. This progress is the result of the fruition of new approaches to studies of chromatin structure and function (including genetics and electron microscopic tomography), advances in related fields (including the enzymology of transcription and replication), and advances in biochemical and biophysical studies of chromatin.
The Forever Fandom of Harry Potter: Balancing Fan Agency and Corporate Control

Harry Potter fans contribute their immaterial and affective labor in multiple arenas: as peer-to-peer marketers via fan sites and social media; as participants in amateur fan festivals; or as activists for social change. Fans' participation in the Harry Potter universe has contributed to its success. This Element examines how fans' labor might continue to support the franchise for future readers. Starting with the context and theoretical frameworks that support a multidimensional analysis of the Harry Potter fan experience, this Element examines tensions between fans and Warner Bros., as fan participation tests the limits of corporate control.
Molecular dynamics simulations of ejecta formation in helium-implanted copper

Abstract The effect of He concentration and morphology on ejecta production is investigated via molecular dynamics simulations. Identical He concentrations are inserted into Cu single crystals as interstitial atoms or bubbles near a flat free surface. The resulting ejecta is quantified through total mass, cluster size, and velocity of ejected particles. The presence of He increases total ejected mass as compared to pure Cu; He bubbles produce 56% more mass than atomic He. This increase is attributed to non-planarities in the shock front and reflected pulse due to He bubbles, akin to ejecta resulting from traditional Richtmeyer–Meshkov instabilities.
Loperamide Toxicity: “I’m in Love … I’m All Stopped Up”

Loperamide is a synthetic opioid, sold over the counter as an antidiarrheal agent. At therapeutic doses, it acts at the μ-opioid receptor to inhibit peristaltic activity of the mesenteric plexus of the large intestine. It has been considered low risk for abuse due to its peripheral activity and lack of central effects at therapeutic doses. This is due to both the low bioavailability and active excretion at the blood brain–barrier by P-glycoprotein, a multidrug efflux pump. Although this drug has been considered to have a wide margin of safety and considered low risk for abuse, there is growing evidence that misuse and abuse of loperamide for its opioid effects are growing. A study looking at the National Poison Data System found a 91% increase in reported loperamide exposures from 2010 to 2015.
Axiomatic Design for Products, Processes, and Systems

Science is about looking for simple constructs that describe underlying, unifying compact nature of the universe. Engineering is about design, creating plans, and descriptions of things the safety, health, and welfare of the public. Science and engineering both rely on the scientific method and design processes. Scientific disciplines are based on a few, self-consistent underlying rules that explain a broad range of phenomena. It is much easier to learn and apply a scientific discipline than a discipline that relies primarily on experience and best practices. The discovery and articulation of design axioms made engineering design a scientific discipline. The axioms clearly distinguish axiomatic design from other design theories and methods.
High field prebreakdown aging in polymer dielectric thin films

Fundamental understanding of carrier mobility-centric prebreakdown phenomena in dielectrics provides insights into high field aging and onset of charge injection instability. Dielectric degradation, which eventually culminates in breakdown, is essentially the progressive creation and accumulation of atomic and nanoscale defects, assisted by electric field, time and temperature. Despite intensive previous research, the behavior of a material experiencing enormous electric fields still lacks fundamental understanding. In this study, we present our investigation of prebreakdown field aging of polymers under various conditions, with an attempt to pin-point the conditions that lead to defect creation under high field. An automatic breakdown measurement setup was purposely developed for prebreakdown aging study to collect large numbers of data points under each prebreakdown aging condition for statistically meaningful Weibull analysis. A threshold field was found in PS above which the polymer undergoes rapid degradation assisted by the electric field. The ability to pin-point the condition for rapid defect creation under high prebreakdown fields sets the stage for advanced characterizations of their physical natures and molecular origins. This work marks a significant step towards fundamental understanding of aging in dielectrics under extremely high electric fields.
Obesity and unanticipated hospital admission following outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Compared to other common outpatient operations, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has higher rates of unanticipated hospital admission with reports ranging from 1.0 to 39.5%. Identification of simple preoperative risk factors for admission can aid appropriate patient selection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of obesity with need for hospital admission and day of surgery postoperative complications. The ACS NSQIP database from 2007 to 2016 was used to evaluate patients ≥ 18 years old who had undergone outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The primary outcome was hospital admission, defined as hospital length of stay ≥ 24 h. The secondary endpoint was postoperative complications on day of surgery. A multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) and the outcomes of interest. Odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. 192,750 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the outpatient setting. 38,945 (20.20%) required hospital admission. 89 (0.05%) had postoperative complications on the day of surgery. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, when compared to the baseline cohort of BMI ≥ 30 and 50 kg/m2 should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Abstract B03: Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is associated with poor overall survival and enriched in JAK2 variants

In this study, we aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms of two very rare subtypes of AML: acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) and acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF). Our goal is to describe the clinical-pathologic features of APMF and explore the genomic landscape AMKL to further understand these rare malignancies. We identified 35 patients diagnosed with AMKL (n=27) and APMF (n=8) at Mayo Clinic between 1995 and 2015 by retrospective chart review. For 10 of the AMKL patients, tissue was available for whole-exome sequencing and was analyzed in comparison to a published AML reference population. The median overall survival was shorter in patients with AMKL (3.9 months, 95% CI 1.7-7.4) than in patients with APMF (14.3 months, 95% CI 0.7-NE, p = 0.026,). For both AMKL and APMF, patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had better overall survival (14.3 months, 95% CI 1.9-NE) compared to those not undergoing transplantation (4.6 months, 95% CI 1.5-7.4, p = 0.003). Patients with AMKL presented more frequently with splenomegaly, with higher peripheral blood blast counts, and with higher serum lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. 9 out of 10 AMKL patients with available tissue for sequencing demonstrated variants in 22 of 35 AML driver genes, with JAK2 V617F as the most common mutation. Although our small study numbers preclude firm conclusions, it does reflect the rarity of these AML subtypes. Furthermore, inferior survival in AMKL (compared to APMF) was reflected in its proliferative disease features such as splenomegaly, high blast counts, and high lactate dehydrogenase. Interestingly, the presence of JAK2 V617F variants in 40% of the interrogated samples was higher than expected. Although JAK2 is a known molecular driver in myeloproliferative neoplasms, it is actually very rare in de novo AML (~1%). Despite improved survival with allogeneic stem cell transplant, we can conclude that treatment outcomes for AMKL and APMF with standard-of-care therapy were sobering and that patients with these rare AML subtypes should undergo molecular evaluation to qualify them for clinical trials with novel targeted therapies. Citation Format: Marissa Li, Moritz Binder, Basma Basha, Ben Zhang, Alejandro Ferrer, Yuanhan Liu, Mrinal Patnaik, David Viswanatha, Naseema Gangat. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is associated with poor overall survival and enriched in JAK2 variants [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B03.
Ecological management of stochastic systems with long transients

Long transients may be common in ecological dynamics, but the implications such dynamics have for ecological management have not been fully explored. Long transient periods can easily be mistaken for stable state dynamics, but may require dramatically different management policies. Here, I explore the optimal management of stochastic ecological systems that may contain either a tipping point or a ghost attractor: an important mechanism which can give rise to long transients. I consider three approaches of increasing sophistication: (1) dynamic management under a fixed model, (2) management that accounts for uncertainty over possible models, and (3) adaptive management that actively learns the correct model over the management process. This analysis confirms the prediction that long transients can create considerable uncertainty and give rise to very different optimal management policies, and also illustrates that dynamic management that can either plan for this uncertainty or actively learn to decrease the uncertainty can promote successful management of long transients.
Electron transport in a sequentially doped naphthalene diimide polymer

The effects of sequential n-doping on a high-electron-mobility naphthalene-diimide-based copolymer poly[(N,N′-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl)-(selenophene-2,5-diyl)-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)-(selenophene-2,5-diyl)], PNBS, are reported. Grazing-incidence XRD measurements show that PNBS doped with 2,2′-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1,1′,3,3′-tetramethyl-2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazole, (N-DMBI)2, has increased order relative to both the pristine polymer and a film doped with ruthenium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl mesitylene dimer. Films of PNBS optimally doped with (N-DMBI)2 show electrical conductivities approaching 2 mS cm−1 in air. Temperature-dependent electrical measurements suggest that the polaronic charge carriers are highly localized, which is consistent with the moderate conductivity values obtained.