cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal Performance of Insulated Pipe Systems

The thermal performance of insulated pipe systems was measured as a function of insulation and pipe system parameters. Insulation parameters included insulation material, thickness, and air gaps at seams and joints. Pipe system parameters were pipe size, hangers, supports, and operating temperature. Over 150 thermal performance tests were recorded and analyzed over a two-year period. Test results show a 15 percent deterioration in thermal performance for a 305-mm (1-ft) insulated pipe section with a 6.4-mm (0.25-in.) butt-joint air gap. The method of insulating pipe hangers and supports is a major component of pipe system heat analysis. Glass fiber and calcium silicate pipe insulations were tested with a variety of hanger and support configurations. The magnitude of heat loss was recorded as a function of several parameters including the degree of hanger/support insulation. A 305-mm (1-ft) glass fiber pipe insulation section containing a hanger had an additional 14 to 40 percent heat loss, depending on the hanger insulation, compared to that of an uninterrupted insulated pipe section. Results from the data analysis and ASTM Practice for Determination of Heat Gain or Loss and Surface Temperature of Insulated Pipe and Equipment Systems by the Use of a Computer Program (C 680) weremore » combined to form computer program HEATLOSS. The good correlation between the thermal performance predicted by HEATLOSS and the actual test data indicates that HEATLOSS can be used to estimate thermal performance effects from variations in insulating material and pipe system design.« less
Feasibility of HRV measurement from single-channel doppler radar

The single-channel Doppler radar system was evaluated for heart rate variability (HRV) measurement. Pearson PMCC, scatter plots, absolute differences, and mean were used and demonstrated good correlation between Doppler radar operating at different power levels and the finger pulse reference. Doppler radar may be of interest for heartbeat monitoring because of its remote sensing ability and shows good potential for HRV measurement.
Long‐Range Nanoparticle Surface‐Energy‐Transfer Ruler for Monitoring Photothermal Therapy Response

A recent gold nanotechnology-driven approach opens up a new possibility for the destruction of cancer cells through photothermal therapy. Ultimately, photothermal therapy may enter into clinical therapy and, as a result, there is an urgent need for techniques to monitor the tumor response to therapy. Driven by this need, a nanoparticle surface-energy-transfer (NSET) approach to monitor the photothermal therapy process by measuring a simple fluorescence intensity change is reported. The fluorescence intensity change is due to the light-controlled photothermal release of single-stranded DNA/RNA via dehybridization during the therapy process. Time-dependent results show that just by measuring the fluorescence intensity change, the photothermal therapy response during the therapy process can be monitored. The possible mechanism and operating principle of the NSET assay are discussed. Ultimately, this NSET assay could have enormous potential applications in rapid, on-site monitoring of the photothermal therapy process, which is critical to providing effective treatment of cancer and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
Allergic conjunctivitis: an update on diagnosis and management.

Purpose of reviewThe focus of this review is to provide a logical paradigm for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular allergies, with a focus on seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC).Recent findingsSeveral classes of topical medications are currently avail
The Streamtest cup: a new uroflow device.

Abstract Objectives. To create an inexpensive, simple, accurate, and noninvasive device to evaluate the character of a male’s urinary stream. Methods. The results of a formal in-office uroflow study performed on 50 symptomatic men were compared with those of the same men using the Streamtest cup. Results. All men with a urine flow of 12 mL/s or greater reached or exceeded the red line on the Streamtest cup. No patient whose stream was less than 11 mL/s was able to reach the red line. Conclusions. Uroflowmetry is an excellent study in diagnosing, managing, and monitoring the treatment of urinary obstructive disease secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Streamtest cup can provide both the patient and the physician with a clinically accurate visual assessment of an individual’s urine flow at a significant cost savings over other testing means. The Streamtest cup when compared with a formal in-office uroflow study provided clinically similar results in separating obstructive uropathy from a normal urinary flow.
T-DNA as an Insertional Mutagen in Arabidopsis

Forward genetics begins with a mutant phenotype and asks the question “What is the genotype?” that is, what is the sequence of the mutant gene causing the altered phenotype? Reverse genetics begins with a mutant gene sequence and asks the question “What is the resulting change in phenotype
Inhibition of the phagocytic action of leucocytes by mumps and influenza viruses.

SummaryMumps virus and influenza A virus (PR8) have been shown to reduce the phagocytosis of bacteria by the polymorphonuclear leucocytes of the guinea pig in vitro. This inhibitory effect is destroyed by mild heating of the viruses which leaves their hemagglutinating capacity intact. Mumps antiserum prevents the inhibition of phagocytosis by mumps virus but has no effect on the inhibitory action of influenza virus.
Soil carbon and tree litter dynamics in a red cedar–scotch pine shelterbelt

Carbon sequestration in the woody biomass of shelterbelts has been investigated but there have been no measurements of the C stocks in soil and tree litter under this agroforestry practice. The objective of this study was to quantify C stored in surface soil layers and tree litter within and adjacent to a 35-year-old shelterbelt in eastern Nebraska, USA. The 2-row shelterbelt was composed of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) and scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris). A sampling grid was estab- lished across a section of the shelterbelt on Tomek silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Pachic Argiudolls). Four soil cores were collected at each grid point, divided into 0-7.5 and 7.5-15 cm depth increments, and composited by depth. Soil samples were analyzed for total, organic, and inorganic C, total N, texture, pH, and nutrient content. Under the shelterbelt, all surface litter in a 0.5 · 0.5 m 2 area at each grid point
A study of the root of Morinda citrifolia Linné. I.

Morinda citrifolia Linne, a shrub or small tree of the Rubiaceae family native to southern Asia, the Philippines, and islands of the South Pacific, possesses roots, extracts of which have been stated to possess hypotensive and anticongestive properties, but very scanty work has been recorded on their pharmacognosy. In this paper the physical characteristics, histology, and description of the powdered root are discussed. Among the diagnostic anatomical characteristics of this drug are the following: the presence of raphides of calcium oxalate in raphide sacs of the cortex and phloem; a banded secondary xylem; vessels with closely set, circular bordered pits; abundant starch-bearing wood parenchyma; vascular rays from 1- to 5-cells in width; stone cells in both cortex and phellem; starch grains, simple and 2- to 3-compound. The presence of an endotrophic fungus with septated, branched hyphae was observed in all tissues of the roots obtained from Luzon.
The Use of Simultaneous Horizontal and Vertical Transmissions for Dual-Polarization Radar Meteorological Observations

Observations are presented in which the standard dual-polarization meteorological quantities ( ZDR, f dp, and rHV) are determined from simultaneous horizontal (H) and vertical (V) transmissions. The return signals are measured in parallel H and V receiving channels. Because the parameters are determined from simultaneous measurements they are not affected by Doppler phase shifts that increase the variance of f dp and rHV when alternating H and V polarizations are transmitted. The approach has the additional advantage that a high-power polarization switch is not needed. The relative phases of the H and V components were such that the transmitted polarization was circular. Circular polarization is shown to detect horizontally oriented particles such as rain with the same effectiveness as linearly polarized transmissions, and optimally detects randomly oriented or shaped particles such as hail. Circular polarization also optimally senses nonhorizontally oriented particles such as electrically aligned ice crystals. By not needing to alternate between H and V transmissions it becomes practical to make polarization-diverse measurements by transmitting other orthogonal polarizations on successive pulses (e.g., left-hand circular and 1458 slant linear) to aid in identifying precipitation types. It is shown that rHV from simultaneous transmissions provides the same information on randomly oriented scatterers as the linear depolarization ratio LDR from H or V transmissions, and that LDR does not need to be measured when information on particle canting is not important or is not needed.
Transients In Long Oil Pipelines

Cross-country pipelines transporting crude oil or refined products are usually hundreds of kilometers long with several pumping stations located along their length (Fig. 7-1). The pumping head of these stations mainly covers the friction losses in the pipeline. In a mountainous terrain, however, gravity lift may be required in addition to the friction losses.
Textbook Promotion Advisor

The last chapter provided an introduction to knowledge system by describing a small promotion expert system. This chapter discusses the development of a larger expert system, the Textbook Promotion Advisor, based upon promotion knowledge that is available in the public domain. This promotion advisor has the following characteristics: It contains knowledge about promotions that is found in books and magazines It utilizes its knowledge to recommend a type of promotion device
Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy (Understanding and Addressing the Sacred), by K. I. Pargament

Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy describes a framework that can be used with a range of therapies to address the spiritual needs of a spiritually diverse clientele. Despite limited research to ...
The Relationship between Maximum Completion Time and Total Completion Time in Flowshop Production

Abstract Utilization and work-in-process (WIP) inventories of flow lines are two managerial concerns in manufacturing systems. They relate to two objectives in flowshop production scheduling respectively. Minimization of maximum completion time relates to utilization improvement of flow lines, and minimization of average completion time relates to WIP inventory management. However, these two objectives are inconsistent, although maximum completion time is part of the average completion time. In this paper, we propose a novel objective for flowshop production and a state space with head, body and tail (SS-HBT) heuristic to balance such inconsistency between the two objectives. Through case studies, we show that our SS-HBT heuristic outperforms two well-established heuristics in flowshop production scheduling.
The Intricacies of Children’s Physical Activity

Understanding the physical activity patterns of youth is an essential step in preparing programming and interventions needed to change behavior. To date, little is known about the intricacies of youth physical activity across various physical activity segments (i.e. in school, out of school, recess, classroom physical activity, physical education, weekends, etc.). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the physical activity patterns of elementary school children across various segments and during two seasons. A total of 287 fourth and fifth graders from the Southwest US wore the Yamax Digiwalker SW-200 pedometer for 7 consecutive days during the Fall and Spring seasons. Children were prompted to record their step counts when arriving and leaving school, before and after physical education and recess, as well as on the weekends. Means and standard deviations were calculated and ANOVAs and t tests were utilized to examine difference by sex, season, and segment. Youth were more active outside of school and on weekdays (p<0.05). Boys were generally more active than girls and all youth were more active during the milder Spring season. There is a clear need for Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming and weekend physical activity opportunities. Furthermore, greater emphasis is needed on PE and across other activity segments for girls to increase their physical activity levels.
Strategic Instruments: Politics and Decision Costs in Administrative and Judicial Process

In this paper, the authors develop a formal model of strategic interaction between federal regulatory agencies, appellate courts and the Supreme Court. The focus of the paper is on the ability of actors on the lower end of the review hierarchy (agencies and appellate court panels) to impose decision making costs on higher levels of review (appellate courts and the Supreme Court) by selecting the grounds (or "instruments") on which they base their decision. For agencies, the choice of instruments may be rulemaking vs. adjudication. For appellate courts, the choice to overturn an agency may be based on process vs. statutory interpretation. Certain instruments are more difficult for higher courts to review than others. Because higher level actors are resource constrained, they tend to defer to lower level decision makers more often if a high cost review instrument is involved. This allows for strategic behavior by the lower level actors.
Safety analysis of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in patients with relapsed or refractory low grade, follicular or transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma based on age at time of therapy

e19529 Background: Radioimmunotherapy is a therapeutic option for relapsed or refractory indolent, follicular and transformed non Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Although prolongued myelotoxicity has been described with use of iodine I 131 tositumomab (TOSI) and yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (IBRI), analysis of toxicity according to patients’ age at therapy still lacks. Methods: Utilizing the Rush University Medical Center database 61 subjects who received RIT between November/2003 and June/2008, either with TOSI or IBRI were divided in 2 groups according to age at time of therapy. Group 1 included patients between 33 and 60 (51.8±6.5) years of age (N=29) and group 2 included patients 61 years old or older (70.1±7.8) (N=32). Parameters compared between groups were: Time to nadir of lowest absolute neutrophil count (ANC), time to recovery ANC above 1000/mcL, time to nadir of lowest hemoglobin levels, time to recovery to hemoglobin levels above 8g/dL, time to lowest platelet count and time to...
Big Bologna. Le anomalie degli spazi pubblici in grande scala

In the suburb of Bologna new public spaces were recently born, very different from the historical ones, which clearly express the mania of greatness, the syndrome of Big Bologna. Everywhere you look you can see new manifestations of an out-of-proportion scale that contributes to social segregation. Since the white towers of Kenzo Tange megastructure at the Fiera District have been built, the large-scale has generated little pleasant public spaces for urban life. Perhaps these mega-projects are inevitable signs of the globalization era, but someone may wonder if the clients and their architects were aware of how the design of such forms produce a deterrent to socialization.
Rhetoric of a Global Epidemic: Transcultural Communication about SARS

Reviewed by Michael MadsonMedical University of South CarolinaSince the 1990s, technical writing has oriented itself in various ways toward globalization studies and transcultural rhetorics. A grow...
QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF DEVELOPMENT: GENETIC CORRELATIONS AMONG AGE-SPECIFIC TRAIT VALUES AND THE EVOLUTION OF ONTOGENY.

It has recently been re-emphasized, by Gould (1977) and others, that evolution of adult forms takes place through the evolution of ontogenies. Direct selection at any age results in a correlated response at all other life history stages. This selection alters growth curves, or causes the evolution of ontogeny. Lande (1982) has presented a quantitative genetic model for the evolution of ontogenetically varying traits which clearly defines the parameters required for an analysis of ontogeny and evolution: (1) the genetic variance/covariance matrix; (2) the phentoypic variance/ covariance matrix; and (3) the vector of selection differentials. Genetic covariances or correlations among age-specific trait values quantitatively describe the genetic link between expressions of the same trait at different points in ontogeny. These genetic links between age-specific trait values are the result of pleiotropy, in this case the effects of one gene on the phenotype as expressed at more than one age, and linkage disequilibrium. The general effects of genetic variation on growth curves may be summarized using two parameters, curve height and curve shape (see Fig. 1). The average height of the curve can be defined as the average value of a trait over the ontogenetic period under consideration or the area under the growth curve divided by the length of the growth period. When there are only height differences between two growthi curves, the two curves will be parallel. Differences in curve shape, or the rate of growth at all ages, can be quantified independent of height, by standardizing the curves so that they have the same average height, or enclose the same area, and then calculating the absolute value of the area remaining between curves and dividing by the length of the growth period (see Fig. 1). This curve shape measure does not specify particular shapes but rather gives a general measure of differences in growth rates to compare with the independent measure of curve height differences. Specific curve shapes are presented without summarization. When heritabilities and phenotypic variances are the same at all ages, one can discern the independent effects of genetic correlations among age-specific trait values on ontogenetic variation and evolution. For example, in Figure 2 the ancestral ontogeny is displayed as a horizontal line (A) for purposes of illustration. Selection on the adult, or any other age, when the genetic correlations between ages are all 1.000, results in the descendant ontogeny, curve B. Note that the average height of the curve has changed but not its shape. When all the genetic correlations are one, the spectral decomposition of the age-specific traits correlation matrix includes only one non-zero eigenvalue equal to 'n,' the number of traits represented in the matrix, and an associated isometric eigenvector with loadings of 1/\Vn for each trait. This vector measures variation in growth curve height independent of variation in curve shape. Any deviation of the correlations
Where Are We in the “Long March to Legitimacy?” Assessing Scholarship in Management Learning and Education

Although scholarship in management learning and education (MLE) has existed for many years, its volume and visibility have increased dramatically over the past decade. With the addition of Academy ...
On The Nature of Multiple Orientation Relationships in Epitaxial Silicides

The Invariant Line Criteria (ILC) has been used to explain experimentally observed precipitation and epitaxial orientation relationships in a number of metallurgical systems. We propose that ILC may explain the crystallography of misoriented silicide grains in epitaxially grown silicide films. We test our hypothesis on the case of misoriented grains in CoSi 2 on Si (001). Our analysis shows that the experimentally observed orientation relationship is predicted by the ILC.
Subsalt Imaging Using Secondary Scattered Waves

We propose an approach to perform migration and imaging using secondary scattered waves. Secondary scattered waves are extracted through a back propagation plus crosscorrelation approach. The surface shot gathers are thus transformed to subsurface shot gathers with sources located at some subsurface scatterers (gathers of scattering sources). Numerical examples confirm the validity of this secondary scattered wave retrieval approach. Migration and imaging from these secondary scattered wave gathers improves the final image. We apply this secondary scattered wave retrieval approach to SEG-EAGE salt model and improve the image of subsalt faults.
Low-Energy Optoelectronics for Interconnects

Optics can allow information processing systems to continue to scale without severe interconnect constraints. Low-energy optoelectronic devices are required, but emerging possibilities are promising. The rationale and various approaches will be summarized in this tutorial.
The Temperature Profile within Pulse Tubes

A simple model is developed of the temperature profile within the pulse tube section of Pulse Tube Refrigerators. Using the Lagrangian reference frame, this simplified model directly gives the temperature overshoot at the hot and cold ends. The overshoots are the result of the interaction of the gas flow and the heat exchangers. They result from the work flow in the gas being converted to heat flow prior to reaching the heat exchangers. The mean temperature overshoot at the hot end is ΔT ≈ π/2 T1, where T1 is the amplitude of the temperature oscillation within the pulse tube. At the cold end, the mean temperature overshoot is ΔT ≈ -(π/2) (Qnet/Qgross) T1, where Qnet and Qgross refer to the net and gross cooling powers respectively. Away from the ends, the temperature gradient is primarily due to thermal conductivity. The temperature overshoot effects are excluded in many models developed in the Eulerian reference frame because these models often explicitly exclude the changes in mean gas temperature that occur at the entrance to the heat exchangers.
Jet flavor classification in high-energy physics with deep neural networks

Classification of jets as originating from light-flavor or heavy-flavor quarks is an important task for inferring the nature of particles produced in high-energy collisions. The large and variable dimensionality of the data provided by the tracking detectors makes this task difficult. The current state-of-the-art tools require expert data reduction to convert the data into a fixed low-dimensional form that can be effectively managed by shallow classifiers. We study the application of deep networks to this task, attempting classification at several levels of data, starting from a raw list of tracks. We find that the highest-level lowest-dimensionality expert information sacrifices information needed for classification, that the performance of current state-of-the-art taggers can be matched or slightly exceeded by deep-network-based taggers using only track and vertex information, that classification using only lowest-level highest-dimensionality tracking information remains a difficult task for deep networks, and that adding lower-level track and vertex information to the classifiers provides a significant boost in performance compared to the state of the art.
Routine pregnancy test on admission to hospital

A pregnancy test should be done routinely on all women of childbearing age upon their admission to any hospital. Some women do not suspect that they are pregnant and some conceal the fact; therefore many pregnancies are interrupted or aborted by procedures contraindicated in pregnancy. A questionnaire was sent to all hospitals of 200 beds or more in the United States and the replies were tabulated. Many do not routinely test for pregnancy.
Reinforcement of conspecific sperm precedence weakens sexual selection in sympatric populations of Drosophila

It is typically assumed that sexual selection unilaterally drives the evolution of reproductive isolation, but selection for increased reproductive isolation could feed back on sexual selection when these processes share a genetic basis. Direct selection for isolation is most likely to occur in the context of "reinforcement", where selection acts to increase pre-zygotic barriers to reduce the costs of heterospecific matings. Most studies of reinforcement focus on pre-mating barriers to reproduction, however post-mating traits, such as conspecific gamete precedence, are also ubiquitous barriers to reproduction that can potentially respond to reinforcing selection. Conspecific sperm precedence (CSP) also has a known shared genetic basis with intrapopulation sperm competition, allowing for the possibility that selection for increased CSP in sympatry could alter intrapopulation sperm competition specifically in these sympatric populations. We test this prediction with the sister species Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, using two sympatric and two allopatric populations of D. pseudoobscura. Consistent with a pattern of reinforcement, the sympatric populations had higher mean CSP. Reinforcement, in turn, constrained sexual selection in sympatric populations by decreasing the average offensive sperm competitive ability within populations, allowing less opportunity for sexual selection to operate. These data demonstrate that strong reinforcing selection for reproductive isolation can have consequences for sexual selection and sexual interactions, in these important postmating sperm competition traits.
Roughness of the Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities Revealed by High Resolution Wavefield Imaging

We processed two independent data sets: 2,458,973 three-component seismograms from all EarthScope Transportable Array (USArray) stations and 141,080 pairs of high-quality receiver functions from the EarthScope Automated Receiver Survey using the generalized iterative deconvolution method and shaped the output with a 0.1 Hz Ricker wavelet. We used these data as input to our 3-D plane wave migration method to produce an image volume of P to S scattering surfaces under all of the lower 48 states. Model simulations show that compared to the widely used common conversion point stacking method, our method is capable of resolving not only dipping discontinuities but also subtler details of amplitude and topography variations at scales near the diffraction limit. Maps of attributes derived from these discontinuities reveal several previously unobserved features of the 410 and 660 discontinuities (d410 and d660). Topography with many tens of kilometers is resolved at a range of scales. Additionally, we observed large variations of amplitude on the radial component and in the radial to transverse amplitude ratio that correlate with inferred variations in discontinuity topography. We argue that this combination of observations can be explained by roughness at a range of scales. The structural fabric we imaged is preferentially aligned orthogonal to the Farallon-North American relative motion. Two regions we infer to have exceptional roughness show spatial correlation with locations where tomography models indicate that the subducted slab is passing through the transition zone. We suggest that these rough regions are indicators of vertical mantle flows through the transition zone.
Introduction: Protecting the Objects and Serving the Public, an Ongoing Dialogue

(2011). Introduction. Journal of Museum Education: Vol. 36, Protecting the Objects and Serving the Public, pp. 129-135.
Robust power line detection with particle-filter-based tracking in radar video

In this paper, we propose a tracking algorithm to detect power lines from millimeter-wave radar video. We propose a general framework of cascaded particle filters which can naturally capture the temporal correlation of the power line objects, and the power-line-specific feature is embedded into the conditional likelihood measurement process of the particle filter. Because of the fusion of multiple information sources, power line detection is more effective than the previous approach. Both the accuracy and the recall of power line detection are improved from around 68% to over 92%.
Design and development of a an ultra-low power Intel architecture MCU class SoCs

■ First iteration right ballpark in terms of performance/area/power/cost ■We Continue to -Continue to iterate on the micro architecture -Process related micro-architecture evolution -Analog IP evolution
Parsing sensitivity to negative affect in borderline personality disorder: A comparison of anxiety and disgust

Abstract Difficulty tolerating emotional distress is a core feature in theoretical accounts of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, few studies have attempted to parse emotional sensitivity in BPD in terms of specific qualities of negative affect. The present study compares the incremental validity of anxiety sensitivity (AS) and disgust sensitivity (DS) in predicting concurrent symptoms of BPD. Prior to receiving treatment, patients at a partial hospital ( n = 134) completed measures of AS and DS in addition to a larger survey battery and clinical interview. This study found that AS, but not DS, was correlated with BPD symptoms, and AS continued to predict concurrent BPD symptoms when controlling for demographic variables, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and experiential avoidance. However, the relationship between AS and BPD symptoms was partially mediated by experiential avoidance, consistent with prior research using a categorical approach to BPD symptoms. The AS domain of cognitive concerns was most robustly related to BPD symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between specific negative affects when conceptualizing emotional sensitivity in BPD and may suggest new avenues for treatment through targeting specific sensitivities.
Aqueous ethanol permeation across Sterlitech flat sheet aquaporin membranes

Aquaporin (Aqp) embedded membranes have become a topic of recent research due to the superior selectivity of Aqp to water and its acceptable flux. Most researchers have utilized Aqp membranes for water purification purposes such as reverse and forward osmosis desalination of sea and brackish water and wastewater treatment. This paper investigated the permeation of aqueous ethanol across commercial aquaporin membranes for possible applications in ethanol dehydration in the process and biofuel refining industries. The study revealed that rather than being selectively rejected, ethanol was able to diffuse through the membrane with minimal changes in composition from feed to permeate, even at low feed concentrations of ethanol. The total flux across the membranes were shown to average 3.86 liters/m2h (LMH). The presence of ethanol increased the relative rate of water transport across the membrane. When comparing total flux of pure water to aqueous ethanol solutions, the flux was higher for solutions containing any ethanol.
eRepo-ORP: Exploring the Opportunity Space to Combat Orphan Diseases with Existing Drugs.

Abstract About 7000 rare, or orphan, diseases affect more than 350 million people worldwide. Although these conditions collectively pose significant health care problems, drug companies seldom develop drugs for orphan diseases due to extremely limited individual markets. Consequently, developing new treatments for often life-threatening orphan diseases is primarily contingent on financial incentives from governments, special research grants, and private philanthropy. Computer-aided drug repositioning is a cheaper and faster alternative to traditional drug discovery offering a promising venue for orphan drug research. Here, we present e Repo-ORP, a comprehensive resource constructed by a large-scale repositioning of existing drugs to orphan diseases with a collection of structural bioinformatics tools, including e Thread, e FindSite, and e MatchSite. Specifically, a systematic exploration of 320,856 possible links between known drugs in DrugBank and orphan proteins obtained from Orphanet reveals as many as 18,145 candidates for repurposing. In order to illustrate how potential therapeutics for rare diseases can be identified with e Repo-ORP, we discuss the repositioning of a kinase inhibitor for Ras-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disease. The e Repo-ORP data set is available through the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/qdjup/ .
GCRDB: A G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR DATABASE

G-protein-coupled receptors (GCRs) are a very large protein family and are critical components in many different autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling systems in animals. Current estimates are that humans have several thousand GCRs encoded by only slightly fewer genes. I have developed GCRDb, a database of sequences and other data relevant to the study of the biology of the receptors. The database implementation, data collection, and query system are described. An integral component of the design of GCRDb is the classification of GCRs in families. The current composition of GCRDb is presented in a table showing the number of entries in each family and group as derived from accepted mutation parsimony analyses.
Deciphering magnesium stearate thermotropic behavior.

Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is the most commonly used excipient for oral solid dosage forms, yet there is significant commercial physicochemical variability that can lead to variable performance of critical product attributes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is often used as a quality control tool to characterize MgSt, but little data is available regarding the physicochemical relevance for the DSC thermograms. The main aim of this study was to decipher MgSt's complex thermotropic behavior using DSC, thermogravimetric analysis, capillary melting point, polarized hot-stage microscopy, and temperature dependent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and assign physicochemical relevance to the DSC thermograms. Several DSC thermal transitions are irreversible after the first heating cycle of a heat-cool-heat-cool-heat cycle. Interestingly, after the first heat cycle, the complex cool-heat-cool-heat DSC thermograms were highly reproducible and exhibited 6 reversible exothermic-endothermic conjugate pairs. SAXS identified 5 distinct mesophases at different temperatures with Phase C' persisting to 250 °C. MgSt maintained molecular ordering beyond 276 °C and did not undergo a simple melting phenomena reported elsewhere. This research serves as a starting point to design heat-treatment strategies to create more uniform MgSt starting material.
Rapid Display of Compacted Map Data Sets On-Board Aircraft

Pilot performance would be enhanced by rapid display of map-like information during flight. Typical map datasets are much too large to permit an on-board microcomputer system to store and retrieve maps at the speeds requires. New approaches for automatically reducing the amount of map data required for automatically reducing the amount of map data required are presented, along with methods to lend realistic texture to the austere maps.
Mast cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) enhances cytokine stimulation of proliferation of the human factor-dependent cell line, M07e

Murine mast cell growth factor (muMGF), a c-kit ligand, has additive to greater-than-additive effects on in vitro colony formation of murine and human myeloid progenitor cells stimulated with erythropoietin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and/or interleukin (IL)-3. To confirm direct-acting effects on responding cells, MGF was assessed alone and in combination with other cytokines for effects on the proliferation of the human factor-dependent cell line, M07e. Proliferation was assayed in liquid culture by [3H]thymidine uptake and in semisolid medium by colony formation. Purified recombinant (r) muMGF (25-50 ng/ml) by itself had proliferative activity but less than r human (hu) GM-CSF. In combination with rhuGM-CSF (250 U/ml) or IL-3 (500 U/ml), rmuMGF (25 ng/ml) enhanced [3H]thymidine uptake two- to sevenfold greater than the sum of the effects of each factor alone. Similar enhancement was seen in the number and size of colonies formed. When MGF was used in combination with rhuIL-4 (500-1000 U/ml), rhuIL-6 (5 ng/ml), rhuIL-9 (5-10 U/ml), or rhu interferon gamma (IFN-gamma; 250-500 U/ml) (factors that alone stimulate little proliferation), [3H]thymidine uptake and colony formation were respectively increased 2- to 11- and 3- to 55-fold over the sum of each of the effects of the factors alone. Exposure of 5 x 10(5) cells/ml to 50 ng/ml MGF for 24 h, a time during which synergism is noted with MGF plus either GM-CSF or IL-3, did not change GM-CSF or IL-3 receptor binding affinity or the number of binding sites. Exposure of cells to MGF for 48 h did not alter subsequent GM-CSF- or IL-3-stimulated proliferation. The results suggest that M07e cells will be useful as a model for the analysis of intracellular biochemical mechanisms of the direct-acting proliferative and synergistic effects of MGF.
Examining wechat social commerce continuance intention and use incorporating personality traits

This paper is purported (1) to study the continuance intention toward and use of social commerce on WeChat; (2) to discover if the continuance intention toward and use of social commerce on WeChat are determined by perceived playfulness, perceived personalization, perceived socialization, and perceived trustfulness; (3) to explore if user personality traits such as extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness moderate the continuance intention and use of social commerce on WeChat. Study of this nature should contribute to the literature of social commerce, help discover critical social commerce strategies for WeChat, and help sustain stable user growth and the market share for WeChat.
Managing Opioid Use in Orthopaedic Patients Through Harm Reduction Strategies

Opioids are commonly prescribed in orthopaedics for acute or chronic pain for a variety of conditions, including injury, trauma, degenerative processes, and postsurgical. Patients who are taking opioids because of a substance use disorder (SUD) are also seen in orthopaedics. Patients who are prescribed opioids are at risk of developing an opioid use disorder (OUD). Ten percent of Americans will develop an SUD, which is considered a chronic medical condition that develops due to an imbalance in brain chemistry. In studies, orthopaedic surgeons have a high rate of prescribing opioids, but this rate is decreasing along with national average due to public and provider awareness of the opioid epidemic and professional recommendations. Despite the evidence of a neurobiological cause for SUDs, stigma toward patients with SUDs and a knowledge deficit are common among healthcare professionals, including orthopaedic nurses. A harm reduction approach when working with orthopaedic patients taking opioids either prescribed or used because of an OUD can be applied to reduce the problematic effects of opioids. Harm reduction strategies are supportive to the patient and include education and prevention, adopting evidence-based treatment and communication strategies, and the use of naloxone to prevent opioid overdose.
Challenges and Potentials for Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Forage and Grazing Systems

Abstract Forage and grazing (FG) systems can store a substantial amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) under appropriate land use management and reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Increasing SOC levels along with many interlinked ecosystem services are essential for increased productivity and sustainability of FG lands (FGLs). Although adoption of improved management practices (MPs) that support SOC sequestration (SOCq) is necessary, clear understandings of challenges and opportunities which are sometimes unique to individual FGLs, are also important for implementation of MPs. The objective of this forum paper is to explore the latest scientific knowledge on opportunities to address major challenges for increasing SOCq in FGLs. In intensively managed FGLs where the goal is often to maximize yields, lands are heavily fertilized and thus, usually drive towards SOC loss. Diversifications of both forage and grazing species along with strategic grazing plans have been proven as effective MPs for increasing SOCq. However, challenge of maintaining productivity levels still remains. Implementing improved grazing for nutrient cycling and integrating forage diversification for increased biodiversity are found to improve soil health attributes, which are critical for SOCq. However, to achieve this, we also need to consider site- and soil- specific factors. Extreme climatic events often lead to a decline in soil fertility status, SOCq and overall productivity of FGL systems. To address these challenges, uses of models to simulate the FGL systems and have definite choices of suitable MPs are helpful. However, we must be able to access a wide range of datasets to develop system-level adaption strategies that are effective in mitigating these adverse effects. Ultimately, participatory research with novel views and improved perceptions based on the value of SOCq and long-term benefits of the implementation of the best MPs and developing education and outreach materials to enrich the producers’ knowledge gaps are helpful for climate-resilient FGL systems.
Novel Technology to Capture Objective Data from Patients' Recovery from Laparoscopic Endometriosis Surgery.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of a noncontact radio sensor as an objective measurement tool to study postoperative recovery from endometriosis surgery. DESIGN Prospective cohort pilot study. SETTING Center for minimally invasive gynecologic surgery at an academically affiliated community hospital in conjunction with in-home monitoring. PATIENTS Patients aged above 18 years who sleep independently and were scheduled to have laparoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of suspected endometriosis. INTERVENTIONS A wireless, noncontact sensor, Emerald, was installed in the subjects' home and used to capture physiologic signals without body contact. The device captured objective data about the patients' movement and sleep in their home for 5 weeks before surgery and approximately 5 weeks postoperatively. The subjects were concurrently asked to complete a daily pain assessment using a numeric rating scale and a free text survey about their daily symptoms. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Three women aged 23 years to 39 years and with mild to moderate endometriosis participated in the study. Emerald-derived sleep and wake times were contextualized and corroborated by select participant comments from retrospective surveys. In addition, self-reported pain levels and 1 sleep variable, sleep onset to deep sleep time, showed a significant (p <.01), positive correlation with next-day-pain scores in all 3 subjects: r = 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55. In other words, the longer it took the subject to go from sleep onset to deep sleep, the higher their pain score the following day. CONCLUSION A patient's experience with pain is challenging to meaningfully quantify. This study highlights Emerald's unique ability to capture objective data in both preoperative functioning and postoperative recovery in an endometriosis population. The utility of this uniquely objective data for the clinician-patient relationship is just beginning to be explored.
Predicting Discharge Disposition in Trauma Patients: Development, Validation, and Generalization of a Model Using the National Trauma Data Bank.

BACKGROUND Limited work has been done in predicting discharge disposition in trauma patients; most studies use single institutional data and have limited generalizability. This study develops and validates a model to predict, at admission, trauma patients' discharge disposition using NTDB, transforms the model into an easy-to-use score, and subsequently evaluates its generalizability on institutional data. METHODS NTDB data were used to build and validate a binary logistic regression model using derivation-validation (ie, train-test) approach to predict patient disposition location (home vs non-home) upon admission. The model was then converted into a trauma disposition score (TDS) using an optimization-based approach. The generalizability of TDS was evaluated on institutional data from a single Level I trauma center in the U.S. RESULTS A total of 614 625 patients in the NTDB were included in the study; 212 684 (34.6%) went to a non-home location. Patients with a non-home disposition compared to home had significantly higher age (69 ± 19.7 vs 48.3 ± 20.3) and ISS (11.2 ± 8.2 vs 8.2 ± 6.3); P < .001. Older age, female sex, higher ISS, comorbidities (cancer, cardiovascular, coagulopathy, diabetes, hepatic, neurological, psychiatric, renal, substance abuse), and Medicare insurance were independent predictors of non-home discharge. The logistic regression model's AUC was 0.8; TDS achieved a correlation of 0.99 and performed similarly well on institutional data (n = 3161); AUC = 0.8. CONCLUSION We developed a score based on a large national trauma database that has acceptable performance on local institutions to predict patient discharge disposition at the time of admission. TDS can aid in early discharge preparation for likely-to-be non-home patients and may improve hospital efficiency.
THERMALLY DRIVEN ATMOSPHERIC ESCAPE

Accurately determining the escape rate from a planet's atmosphere is critical for determining its evolution. A large amount of Cassini data is now available for Titan's upper atmosphere and a wealth of data is expected within the next decade on escape from Pluto, Mars, and extra-solar planets. Escape can be driven by upward thermal conduction of energy deposited well below the exobase, as well as by nonthermal processes produced by energy deposited in the exobase region. Recent applications of a model for escape driven by upward thermal conduction, called the slow hydrodynamic escape model, have resulted in surprisingly large loss rates for the atmosphere of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. Based on a molecular kinetic simulation of the exobase region, these rates appear to be orders of magnitude too large. Therefore, the slow hydrodynamic model is evaluated here. It is shown that such a model cannot give a reliable description of the atmospheric temperature profile unless it is coupled to a molecular kinetic description of the exobase region. Therefore, the present escape rates for Titan and Pluto must be re-evaluated using the atmospheric model described here.
Evaluating Different Machine Learning Models for Predicting the Likelihood of Breast Cancer

Objective: With the continuous development of medical equipment and advancements in data collection, the size and features of the medical database are also increasing rapidly. However, the majority of current cancer detection still relies on doctors’ observation and test with cell tissue samples which does not seem to utilize the medical database to its full potential. Therefore, the research focus for this study was to examine if we can use artificial intelligence to identify patterns in medical databases that can be predictive of cancer detection. Accordingly, various machine learning (ML) methods were examined for their predictive performance with the perspective that how can they help the doctors in cancer diagnosis. Methods: From the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) dataset, 154,899 screening mammograms records are applied in this research. This dataset includes 12 independent variables and 1 dependent variable, which was in the form of labeled data. We developed four prediction models using well-established machine learning algorithms: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Bayesian Network, by training them on 80% of the data and examined their prediction performance on remaining 20% data. We performed a comparative analysis of the performance of these machine learning models. Results: Among the four models, Naive Bayes showed the best prediction accuracy for the malignant samples, which is predictive of cancer likelihood. The Bayesian Network model performed the second best. Both Logistic Regression and SVM yielded poor prediction performance for predicting malignant cases and thus the breast cancer likelihood.