cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Propranolol Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans: Forgetting Therapy Revisited

The alarming number of military service members returning from combat suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has stimulated research into the treatment and prevention of PTSD, using pharmacological agents including the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol. Propranolol use has been examined in three phases of memory, including acquisition, formation, and encoding; emotional response and consolidation; and retrieval and reconsolidation. Early research focused on acquisition and consolidation with encouraging but inconsistent results, with more recent research directed towards memory reconsolidation, and dissociation of emotion and fear from memories. Ethical opposition to this research and therapy came from the President's Council on Bioethics, who argued in Beyond Therapy (2003) that this type of therapy disrupts sense of self, and from a target article and ensuing discussion in theAmerican Journal of Bioethics in 2007. These arguments preceded research on the effects of propranolol on reconsolidation, which impacts the ethical discussion. If propranolol use in dissociation of emotion and fear from memory is effective in individuals with PTSD, much of the argument against propranolol use is moot. Veterans who cannot function in society due to PTSD have essentially already lost their sense of self. The ethical issue is not how treatment may affect them, but whether withholding research and treatment that may alleviate the condition is justifiable.
On axis deviation in human bundle branch block.

Abstract Fifty-four cases with records showing both normal intraventricular conduction and bundle branch block have been collected; 192 records were available, ninety showing bundle branch block, ninety-two showing normal intraventricular conduction, and ten showing both bundle branch block and normal conduction. The axis deviation has been measured in each record and the average position of the electrical axis of QRS during normal conduction compared with that during bundle branch block. When right or left bundle branch block appeared or disappeared there was a significant change in the direction of the electrical axis of QRS (15° or more) in less than one-half of the cases, and the average change was 12° to the left in left bundle branch block and 12° to the right in right bundle branch block. When a significant change of axis was associated with the appearance of bundle branch block, the direction of the change was always to the left when the block was of the left bundle branch and, except in one case, to the right when the right bundle branch was blocked. Even in cases in which a significant change of axis was found, the general pattern of the bundle branch block electrocardiogram conformed closely to the pattern with normal intraventricular conduction. Factors, other than the bundle branch block, that might have caused a shift of the electrical axis have been discussed; it is believed that they did not materially influence the averaged results. It is concluded that the axis deviation and the general pattern of the electrocardiogram are not greatly modified by the appearance of bundle branch block, and that the axis deviation associated with right and left bundle branch block is due principally to the position of the electrical axis of QRS before the bundle branch block appeared. Certain implications arising from this conclusion have been briefly discussed.
Discovery and characterization of a large number of diagnostic markers to discriminate Oncorhynchus mykiss and O. clarkii.

Hybridization of cutthroat trout and steelhead/rainbow trout is ubiquitous where they are sympatric, either naturally or owing to introductions. The ability to detect hybridization and introgression between the two species would be greatly improved by the development of more diagnostic markers validated across the two species' many phylogenetic lineages. Here, we describe 81 novel genetic markers and associated assays for discriminating the genomes of these sister species. These diagnostic nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered by sequencing of rainbow trout expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in a diverse panel of both cutthroat trout and steelhead/rainbow trout. The resulting markers were validated in a large number of lineages of both species, including all extant subspecies of cutthroat trout and most of the lineages of rainbow trout that are found in natural sympatry with cutthroat trout or used in stocking practices. Most of these markers (79%) distinguish genomic regions for all lineages of the two species, but a small number do not reliably diagnose coastal, westslope and/or other subspecies of cutthroat trout. Surveys of natural populations and hatchery strains of trout and steelhead found rare occurrences of the alternative allele, which may be due to either previous introgression or shared polymorphism. The availability of a large number of genetic markers for distinguishing genomic regions originating in these sister species will allow the detection of both recent and more distant hybridization events, facilitate the study of the evolutionary dynamics of hybridization and provide a powerful set of tools for the conservation and management of both species.
La dolarización de la economía cubana

En el verano de 1993, el gobierno cubano introdujo un drastico cambio en la politica monetaria de la Isla al autorizar la posesion y circulacion de moneda fuerte, especialmente dolares. En este ensayo se resume la situacion economica previa a la introduccion de esa medida, se describen los aspectos principales de la nueva politica monetaria, se evaluan las consecuencias positivas y negativas para el gobierno cubano, se analizan las restricciones impuestas por los Estados Unidos y se cuestiona si este paso sorprendente ayudara a salvar la economia cubana o contribuira a su caida.
CT Measured Normative Cartilage Growth in Children Requiring Costochondral Grafting

Objective Careful operative timing is required for children undergoing microtia repair using autologous costochondral grafting. This operation is performed as early as age 6 in efforts to treat children before school matriculation while allowing for sufficient rib growth. There remains a paucity of data regarding cartilaginous growth of the ribs and synchondrosis routinely harvested during microtia repair. This study employs CT imaging to generate normative costochondral growth characteristics in children. Study design A population-based study was performed. Setting Tertiary care children's hospital. Subjects and methods Chest CTs were reviewed in 360 children ages 3 to 20 years. Measurements included: length of ribs 6, 7, and 8 and the height and width of the synchondrosis between ribs 6 and 7. Growth charts are presented for gender and laterality. Results At age 6: ribs 6, 7, and 8 measure 5.96 ± 0.69, 7.79 ± 0.84, and 6.33 ± 1.01 cm, respectively. In adulthood the mean length of ribs 6, 7, and 8 are 8.29 ± 1.00, 11.10 ± 1.19, and 8.95 ± 1.99 cm, respectively. The vertical height of the synchondrosis at years 6 and 20 are 2.42 ± 0.39 and 3.59 ± 0.53 cm, respectively. Ribs 6, 7, and 8 as well as the synchondrosis grow in a nearly linear fashion. Conclusions Cartilaginous growth of ribs 6 to 8 during early childhood is nearly linear. Synchondrosis height approaches adult auricle width at 8 years. Rib size is consistently larger in males and on the left side. These data are useful for the pediatric otolaryngologist and facial plastics and reconstructive surgeon performing microtia surgery.
Isolation and characterization of Fc receptors from Haemophilus somnus

Receptors that bind the Fc region of bovine immunoglobulin (Ig) have been isolated from the culture supernatant of Haemophilus somnus by chromatography on a Sepharose 4B column. One receptor with a relative molecular weight of 41,000 weakly binds both bovine IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM, while three high molecular weight receptors (350,000, 270,000, and 120,000) strongly bind bovine IgG2, IgA, and IgM. All four Fc receptors are antigenically related and the 41,000 receptor appears to be a subunit of the high molecular weight receptors. In addition to bovine Ig, the purified 270,000 Fc receptor strongly binds horse IgG, rabbit IgG, pig IgG, cat IgG, dog IgG, and sheep IgG. The receptor also reacts weakly with mouse, rat, chicken, human, and guinea pig IgG and does not bind goat IgG. Fc receptors from 19 H. somnus isolates were compared. Variations in the molecular weight of the 41,000 protein were demonstrated among preputial isolates from asymptomatic carriers, but all other isolates appeared to have identically migrating proteins.
A REVIEW OF THE FAMILY LERNAEODISCIDAE (CIRRIPEDIA: RHIZOCEPHALA). I. THE GENUS LERNAEODISCUS MÜLLER, 1862: NEW SYNONYMY, HOSTS, RANGE EXTENSIONS, AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

Abstract Rhizocephalan barnacles of the genus Lernaeodiscus Muller, 1862, are uncommon external parasites of galatheid and porcellanid crabs, and most species are poorly known. Based on a thorough review of the literature and examination of new material, we summarize taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge about this genus. We report significant geographic range extensions and new hosts and correct or complete several identifications of both hosts and parasites previously reported in the literature. We present evidence that L. crenatus Boschma, 1969, is synonymous with L. porcellanae Muller, 1862, and that Atlantic and Pacific specimens of L. porcellanae are probably different species. Lernaeodiscus tableta n. sp. is described from specimens parasitizing the porcellanid Aliaporcellana suluensis from Indonesia.
Strategic Analysis Capabilities and Confoundations

We’ve now identified two different occasions for strategic decision exercises. The first or projective occasion would find strategic decision exercises being used to set the contents of a planning/positioning structure. The result of such exercises would be the specification of an ostensibly best strategic response option for each of the projected event possibilities for which an organization desires to be ready (which may appear as integral models in a contingency planning construct or as generic or template-based referents when it is an adaptive structure that’s being built). The second occasion for a strategic default, such again being triggered by the emergence of an event for which there is no entirely appropriate, pre- defined standing strategic response option (integral, categorical or template-based), such at least some —if not all— of the provisions of an appropriate response will have to be determined on a reactive basis.
Cell elasticity with altered cytoskeletal architectures across multiple cell types

The cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for providing structural support, localization and transport of organelles, and intracellular trafficking. The structural support is supplied by actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, which contribute to overall cell elasticity to varying degrees. We evaluate cell elasticity in five different cell types with drug-induced cytoskeletal derangements to probe how actin filaments and microtubules contribute to cell elasticity and whether it is conserved across cell type. Specifically, we measure elastic stiffness in primary chondrocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells (HUVEC), hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HUH-7), and fibrosarcoma cells (HT 1080) subjected to two cytoskeletal destabilizers: cytochalasin D and nocodazole, which disrupt actin and microtubule polymerization, respectively. Elastic stiffness is measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the disruption of the cytoskeleton is confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. The two cancer cell lines showed significantly reduced elastic moduli values (~0.5kPa) when compared to the three healthy cell lines (~2kPa). Non-cancer cells whose actin filaments were disrupted using cytochalasin D showed a decrease of 60-80% in moduli values compared to untreated cells of the same origin, whereas the nocodazole-treated cells showed no change in elasticity. Overall, we demonstrate actin filaments contribute more to elastic stiffness than microtubules but this result is cell type dependent. Cancer cells behaved differently, exhibiting increased stiffness as well as stiffness variability when subjected to nocodazole. We show that disruption of microtubule dynamics affects cancer cell elasticity, suggesting therapeutic drugs targeting microtubules be monitored for significant elastic changes.
Achieving cryogenic temperatures in deep space using a coating

There is a current need to develop coatings that can reject more than 99% of the sun’s irradiance to enable cryogenic storage and superconductor operation in space. Such a coating is proposed, composed of broadband scatterers on a metallic reflecting layer, yielding a surface that backscatters most of the solar spectrum yet still emits far-IR radiation. A model is presented with results, showing that a properly designed coating may potentially backscatter more than 99.9% of the sun’s energy and allowing temperatures below 50 K to be achieved.
Synchronous Patterns in an Outbreak of the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth

Population density was estimated annually from 1970–76 at 3 independent locations in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. Characteristic outbreak patterns occurred simultaneously at each location, although one of the 3 populations peaked at a density below the level of visible tree defoliation. Rates of population increase did not differ significantly among the 3 sites during the increasing phases of the outbreak. (1970–72). The observed differences in peak population densities were apparently the result of differences in larval densities at the inception of the outbreak. Synchronous patterns in the outbreak, and the potential use of population growth rates for prediction, accentuate the value of a system for annual monitoring of larvae to evaluate the status of tussock moth populations over a wide area.
Integration of surface-active, periodically sequenced peptides into lipid-based microbubbles.

The development of microbubbles toward functional, “theranostic” particles requires the incorporation of constituents with high binding specificity and therapeutic efficacy. Integrating peptides or proteins into the shell of lipid-based microbubbles can provide a means to access both receptor–ligand interactions and therapeutic properties. Simultaneously, peptides or proteins can define the characteristic monolayer mechanics of lipid bubbles and eliminate the need for post-bubble generation modification. The ability to engineer peptide sequences de novo that effectively partition into the bubble monolayer remains parametrically daunting. This work contributes to this effort using two simple amphipathic helical peptides that examine the role of local electrostatics and secondary structure. The two periodically sequenced peptides both have three positive charges, but peptide “K-2.5” spaces those charges 2.5 amino acids apart, while peptide “K-6.0” spaces the charges six amino acids apart. Size populations w...
Rethinking “The Federalist's View of Federalism”

The Federalist does not always explicate the principle of federalism embodied in the U.S. Constitution. In some places The Federalist exaggerates its significance; in others, there is silence. What emerges from a careful reading of The Federalist is less a description of federalism as the framers invented it than Publius' preference for afar more consolidated national government than intended by most of the framers in Philadelphia. In interpreting The Federalist, both Martin Diamond and Vincent Ostrom are partly right and partly wrong. In the final analysis, debate shouldfocus less on The Federalist's view of federalism and more on whether federalism is a political good.
Immune Effect of Therapeutic Hepatitis B Vaccine

[Objective] To observe the serological immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine.[Methods]60 cases of patients with chronic hepatitis B and HBV carriers were divided into three groups,Group A:HBeAg positive,hepatitis patients with ALT 2 times greater than the normal,Patients with normal ALT received injection treatment of hepatitis B vaccine after the liver protection and anti-virus treatment(recombinant protein vaccine);[Results] After more than six times treatment of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine,serological conversion rate among group A was 46.15%,and no one was HBsAg negative.HBsAg negative rate among group B and group C were 42.66%(16/38)66.67%(6/9)respectively,and total HBsAg negative rate accounted for 31.67%.[Conclusion] Therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine is a kind of biological products which can enhance self-specific immunity,and have good effect on hepatitis B serological conversion and HBsAg negativity,so it is suitable for promotion.
A test for lactation success; a preliminary report.

Abstract 1. 1. The fat content of human milk was determined before and after nursing on the fourth postpartum day in 25 mothers at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. 2. 2. A modification of the Leffmann-Beam method, employing 2.5 c.c. of milk, was used for determining fat. 3. 3. Mothers who lactated successfully during their hospital stay showed a greater increase in the fat content of their milk than those who were unsuccessful. 4. 4. Symptoms of function of the let-down reflex were present more frequently in those mothers who showed a greater increase in fat than in those who showed a smaller increase. 5. 5. The clinical application of this test was discussed.
A protein interaction map for cell-cell adhesion regulators identifies DUSP23 as a novel phosphatase for β-catenin

Cell-cell adhesion is central to morphogenesis and maintenance of epithelial cell state. We previously identified 27 candidate cell-cell adhesion regulatory proteins (CCARPs) whose down-regulation disrupts epithelial cell-cell adhesion during collective migration. Using a protein interaction mapping strategy, we found that 18 CCARPs link to core components of adherens junctions or desmosomes. We further mapped linkages between the CCARPs and other known cell-cell adhesion proteins, including hits from recent screens uncovering novel components of E-cadherin adhesions. Mechanistic studies of one novel CCARP which links to multiple cell-cell adhesion proteins, the phosphatase DUSP23, revealed that it promotes dephosphorylation of β-catenin at Tyr 142 and enhances the interaction between α- and β-catenin. DUSP23 knockdown specifically diminished adhesion to E-cadherin without altering adhesion to fibronectin matrix proteins. Furthermore, DUSP23 knockdown produced “zipper-like” cell-cell adhesions, caused defects in transmission of polarization cues, and reduced coordination during collective migration. Thus, this study identifies multiple novel connections between proteins that regulate cell-cell interactions and provides evidence for a previously unrecognized role for DUSP23 in regulating E-cadherin adherens junctions through promoting the dephosphorylation of β-catenin.
The Simplest Chronoscope V: A Theory of Dual Primary and Secondary Reaction Time Systems

Extending work by Montare, visual simple reaction time, choice reaction time, discriminative reaction time, and overall reaction time scores obtained from college students by the simplest chronoscope (a falling meterstick) method were significantly faster as well as significantly less variable than scores of the same individuals from electromechanical reaction timers (machine method). Results supported the existence of dual reaction time systems: an ancient primary reaction time system theoretically activating the V5 parietal area of the dorsal visual stream that evolved to process significantly faster sensory-motor reactions to sudden stimulations arising from environmental objects in motion, and a secondary reaction time system theoretically activating the V4 temporal area of the ventral visual stream that subsequently evolved to process significantly slower sensory-perceptual-motor reactions to sudden stimulations arising from motionless colored objects.
Contingent Commissions and the Management of the Independent Agency

Insurance agencies continue to exist as an important distribution mechanism because they give their contracting insurers advantages in risk selection and enable insurance applicants to transfer complex risks. While independent agencies are compensated by upfront commissions, a key component of their profitability is tied to contingent commissions. A contingency arrangement represents ex post compensation normally tied to underwriting profitability, volume, and annual growth. We report two actual contingency contracts in the context of a decision process for choosing among contingency offerings by insurers. We incorporate both uncertainty and correlation among key variables to arrive at values for competing contracts, then use a downside risk approach that helps agency owners select the better contract. The approach offered in this article is scalable to a selection problem for any number of contingency arrangements.
Tunable frequency selective surface using L-shaped slots

The unit cell study for a tunable Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is discussed in this paper. L-shaped slots with varying lengths are used as elements for the FSS. This shape has advantages of reduced size and arranging more L-shaped slots. For multiband operations, multiple L-slots can be used. A case with two L-shaped slots is presented in this paper. For tuning to a desired frequency, all slots except the slot resonant at that frequency have to be shorted using solid-state electronics or micro-electromechanical systems.
Cross Talk between IRAK4 and the NADPH Oxidase.

Abstract The ability of human neutrophils to combat bacterial and fungal infections depends on their production of reactive oxygen species. The enzymatic complex NADPH oxidase which is responsible for the generation of superoxide anion, is essential for the microbicidal activity of neutrophils, since patients with chronic granulomatous disease, whose NADPH oxidase is inactive, suffer recurrent infections. The exposure of neutrophils to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) amplifies their oxidative response to formylated-peptides (priming). However, the relationship between the signaling downstream of the toll-like receptor 4 after LPS stimulation and the activation of the oxidase has not been elucidated. The phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase cytosolic factor p47phox is an essential step during the oxidase activation. Here, we test the hypothesis that Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) regulates the NADPH oxidase through phosphorylation of p47phox. We first show that p47phox is a substrate for IRAK4. We showed that IRAK4-phosphorylated p47phox could be subsequently phosphorylated by PKC suggesting that they phosphorylate p47phox at different residues. IRAK4 phosphorylated p47phox to a similar extent as PKC, however, while p47phox was phosphorylated by PKC only in serines, IRAK4 phosphorylated p47phox also in threonines as determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Importantly, IRAK4-phosphorylated p47phox activated the NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system (significantly different from the unphosphorylated control, p
Trace-free memory data structure forensics via past inference and future speculations

A yet-to-be-solved but very vital problem in forensics analysis is accurate memory dump data type reverse engineering where the target process is not a priori specified and could be any of the running processes within the system. We present ReViver, a lightweight system-wide solution that extracts data type information from the memory dump without its past execution traces. ReViver constructs the dump's accurate data structure layout through collection of statistical information about possible past traces, forensics inspection of the present memory dump, and speculative investigation of potential future executions of the suspended process. First, ReViver analyzes a heavily instrumented set of execution paths of the same executable that end in the same state of the memory dump (the eip and call stack), and collects statistical information the potential data structure instances on the captured dump. Second, ReViver uses the statistical information and performs a word-byword data type forensics inspection of the captured memory dump. Finally, ReViver revives the dump's execution and explores its potential future execution paths symbolically. ReViver traces the executions including library/system calls for their known argument/return data types, and performs backward taint analysis to mark the dump bytes with relevant data type information. ReViver's experimental results on real-world applications are very promising (98.1%), and show that ReViver improves the accuracy of the past trace-free memory forensics solutions significantly while maintaining a negligible runtime performance overhead (1.8%).
Deep Phenotyping of Systemic Arterial Hemodynamics in HFpEF (Part 2): Clinical and Therapeutic Considerations

Multiple phase III trials over the last few decades have failed to demonstrate a clear benefit of various pharmacologic interventions in heart failure with a preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFpEF). Therefore, a better understanding of its pathophysiology is important. An accompanying review describes key technical and physiologic aspects regarding the deep phenotyping of arterial hemodynamics in HFpEF. This review deals with the potential of this approach to enhance our clinical, translational, and therapeutic approach to HFpEF. Specifically, the role of arterial hemodynamics is discussed in relation to (1) the pathophysiology of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, remodeling, and fibrosis, (2) impaired oxygen delivery to peripheral skeletal muscle, which affects peripheral oxygen extraction, (3) the frequent presence of comorbidities, such as renal failure and dementia in this population, and (4) the potential to enhance precision medicine approaches. A therapeutic approach to target arterial hemodynamic abnormalities that are prevalent in this population (particularly, with inorganic nitrate/nitrite) is also discussed.
Creating homogenous strain distribution within 3D cell-encapsulated constructs using a simple and cost-effective uniaxial tensile bioreactor: Design and validation study.

Mechanical loading bioreactors capable of applying uniaxial tensile strains are emerging to be a valuable tool to investigate physiologically relevant cellular signaling pathways and biochemical expression. In this study, we have introduced a simple and cost-effective uniaxial tensile strain bioreactor for the application of precise and homogenous uniaxial strains to 3D cell-encapsulated collagen constructs at physiological loading strains (0-12%) and frequencies (0.01-1 Hz). The bioreactor employs silicone-based loading chambers specifically designed to stretch constructs without direct gripping to minimize stress concentration at the ends of the construct and preserve its integrity. The loading chambers are driven by a versatile stepper motor ball-screw actuation system to produce stretching of the constructs. Mechanical characterization of the bioreactor performed through Finite Element Analysis demonstrated that the constructs experienced predominantly uniaxial tensile strain in the longitudinal direction. The strains produced were found to be homogenous over a 15 × 4 × 2 mm region of the construct equivalent to around 60% of the effective region of characterization. The strain values were also shown to be consistent and reproducible during cyclic loading regimes. Biological characterization confirmed the ability of the bioreactor to promote cell viability, proliferation, and matrix organization of cell-encapsulated collagen constructs. This easy-to-use uniaxial tensile strain bioreactor can be employed for studying morphological, structural, and functional responses of cell-embedded matrix systems in response to physiological loading of musculoskeletal tissues. It also holds promise for tissue-engineered strategies that involve delivery of mechanically stimulated cells at the site of injury through a biological carrier to develop a clinically useful therapy for tissue healing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1878-1887. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustainable urbanism in temperate-arid climates: Models, challenges and opportunities for the Anthropocene

Climate change requires more sustainable urbanism developments. Locales in temperate and arid climates are under added pressure to create more economical, ecological, and just neighborhoods. Do sustainable urbanism developments have advantages over traditional urbanism projects in temperate–arid climates? The main purpose of this paper is to examine four distinct neighborhoods in the southwest of the United States in order to clarify the evolution of sustainable urbanism developments according to the three C's framework of compactness, connectedness, and completeness. The methods included a study of each development's history, motivations, design principles, and built environment features. The key finding is an up-to-date understanding of how neighborhood development models have been implemented to help create more sustainable cities as well as the identification of a set of challenges and opportunities for advancing sustainable urbanism research.
Science, Politics and Policy: How Michiganders think about the Risks Facing the Great Lakes

The Great Lakes region is an important ecological asset for the United States, yet studies show that several environmental risks threaten its viability. As a result, it is important to respond to these risks with effective policies. When and how policy is implemented often depends on public opinion and perceptions; yet, we understand little about how individuals from the Great Lakes region construct opinions about the threats facing the lakes. We seek to understand how individuals from the state of Michigan form opinions on three risks to the lakes: invasive Asian carp, climate change, and offshore drilling. To do this, we evaluate the utility of two dominant models of environmental opinion formation: trust and deference to scientific authority, and partisan bias and motivated reasoning. We find that when issues have been politicized, opinion is greatly influenced by political factors like partisanship but that trust and deference as well as underlying environmental attitudes play a more important role for issues that have not been politicized. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of policy and communication in Michigan, arguing that if we want Michiganders to support policy consistent with science, they must view risk in ways that are consistent with scientific consensus. For that to happen, advocates and policy makers must focus on reducing the political rhetoric around these threats, developing communication that taps into underlying trust and deference to science, and using underlying attitudes about the role of government in environmental protection to promote environmental policy.
Differential Effects of Child Difficulties on Family Burdens across Diagnostic Groups

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID), have a variety of difficulties that can place considerable strain on their families. This study investigated the nature of family burdens (i.e., financial burden, need for respite, need for counseling, work changes, and care hours) by examining the effects of child characteristics (i.e., age, gender, and severity of condition), family characteristics (i.e., parent role, education, income, and number of children), and child difficulties (i.e., behavioral, adaptive, emotional, social, learning, and communicative). With representative survey data from parents of children with ADHD (n = 8252), ASD (n = 1448), or ID (n = 949), ranging in age from 2 to 17 years old, we used Χ 2, binary logistic regression, linear regression, and univariate analyses to answer our research questions. We found that parents of children with ADHD, ASD, and ID experienced different types and amounts of burdens, families of younger children experienced more burden than those of older children, and families with more income or more children experienced fewer burdens. Adaptive and behavioral difficulties had the greatest relative impact on families. Diagnosis moderated almost all of the relationships between child difficulties and family burden. Overall, these results suggest that providing services and supports that are tailored to the specific needs of each child and family will be necessary for enhancing quality of life.
Projective Identification as a Contributor to Domestic Violence

Many explanations have been given as to why men batter. Rarely are deep unconscious intrapsychic processes identified as contributing reasons. One way that violent men may use their partner to fill emotional needs is through the primitive defense of projective identification. Projective identification may be invoked by men to induce the other partner to carry split off threatening parts of the self that are too anxiety provoking to retain. The occurrence of projective identification could therefore be an important intrapsychic and interpersonal dynamic that contributes to the escalation of tension prior to the violent episode.
Increased Glutathione Metabolic Defense Capabilities in Cultured Alzheimer's Diseased Lymphoblast Cell Lines

An abstract of the thesis of Collin M. Shaw for the Master of Science in Biology presented November 9,1998. Title: Increased glutathione metabolic defense capabilities In cultured Alzheimer's diseased lymphoblast cell lines. The hypothesis to be tested states that the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves elevated levels of oxidative stress, resulting in elevated levels of cellular oxidative defense mechanisms. If the premise is true, than AD pathologically afflicted cells should have a higher demand for glutathione (GSH) as an innate oxidative defense mechanism hence; greater GSH concentrations, increased GSH resynthesis capabilities, and increased levels of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CNase). Alzheimer diseased and age matched control lymphoblast cells, obtained from OHSU's Oregon Brain Aging Study, were cultured, and GSH biochemistry was subsequently evaluated. GSH was depleted by exposing cells to the GSH depleting agent diethylmaleate (DEM) and the resulting GSH concentrations were measured. GSH resynthesis was measured after depleting GSH with DEM, to a level of approximately half base GSH concentration, then removing the depleting agent, resuspending the cells in fresh medium (DEM-free), and subsequently measuring GSH levels. GSH concentrations were measured by HPLC, and all data was normalized to cellular protein concentration. Cellular CNase specific activity levels were measured by adding cytasthionine, the CNase substrate, and then measuring the amount of cysteine produced by means of the DTNB assay. The AD cell lines showed no increase in base levels of GSH as compared to control cell lines. The AD cell lines showed a statistically significant increase in GSH resynthesis capabilities and cystathionine gamma-lyase specific activity levels. These findings add further weight to the AD oxidative stress hypothesis, which is based on the premise that the causative agent of AD pathogenesis is an increase in the level of cellular free radicals produced. INCREASED GLUTATHIONE METABOLIC DEFENSE CAPABILITIES IN CULTURED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASED LYMPHOBLAST CELL LINES
Regional and temporal changes in left ventricular strain and stiffness in a porcine model of myocardial infarction

For the first time, speckle-tracking echocardiography was used to serially track regional biomechanical behavior and mechanical properties postmyocardial infarction (post-MI). We found that changes...
A Holistic View on Engineering Education: How to Educate Control Engineers

This research-to-practice paper presents a holistic approach to teaching control engineering, where focus is set on keeping the students engaged while giving them an evolutionary pathway to learning advanced control engineering. The students start out with a pocket lab, where they are introduced to C-programming of micro controllers through an Arduino with breadboard and accessories. Following on from being able to handle a standalone Arduino, more elements are introduced to the students until they end up with a quad-copter drone, capable of creating maps of its surroundings. To make the transitions easier for the students an RC model car is introduced quite early in the process. The pocket lab, the RC model car and the drone, have all shown to be excellent as tools for attracting students and represent a motivational factor for the students to be more engaged and spend more effort into their work.
Reducing Poverty, Not Inequality: What Changes in the Tax System Can Achieve

The federal tax system, and the income tax in particular, is often held out as a key — perhaps the key tool — for combatting income inequality. Especially given the rapid rise in inequality seen over the last 30 years, it is natural to look to the tax code and ask what can be done in response. However, this article’s answer to that question is “not much,” because of the practical constraints on policymaking. Put simply, the effect of the federal tax system on income inequality is — and is likely to continue to be — decidedly limited. When it comes to the distribution of the tax burden, this suggests that other concerns, beyond overall inequality, should take precedence. This article offers an alternative — that of poverty. For even as the tax system can do relatively little to change the overall income distribution within the practical bounds of policymaking, it can do more, sometimes much more, when it comes to the welfare of those toward the bottom of the income spectrum. To sum up, this is a practical argument with the following practical conclusion: when it comes to the distribution of the tax burden, what matters most are metrics like poverty, not inequality and, when it comes to reducing inequality, we should be looking for tools beyond the tax system.
Natural History of Occult Spinal Dysraphism

The natural history of the occult dysraphic lesions has never been comprehensively studied, and collective understanding remains incomplete. The unifying event that is widely considered central to all OSDs is tethered cord syndrome (TCS). The evidence that this phenomenon directs the natural history of the OSDs is empirical and originates from early observations that young patients harboring OSDs are less impaired than older ones. As longer follow-up and more comprehensive observation have occurred, it has become evident that there is at least some variability in the natural history of some occult dysraphic lesions. DSTs and SCMs appear to have high rates of progressive decline from TSC, but there is greater variability in the lipomas. Up to 50% of conus lipomas may demonstrate minimal progression of signs and symptoms, and filar lipomas are common incidental findings that are likely of variable significance. Patient registries and studies of better design will be required to advance understanding of the natural history of the occult spinal dysraphisms.
Maternal morbidity by attempted route of delivery in periviable birth

Much of the literature on clinical decision-making regarding the optimal route of delivery for periviable birth, 23 0/7–25 6/7 weeks gestation, has focused on neonatal risks. In fact, routine cesar...
TCAD Augmented Machine Learning for Semiconductor Device Failure Troubleshooting and Reverse Engineering

In this paper, we show the possibility of using Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) to assist machine learning for semiconductor device failure trouble shooting and device reverse engineering. When TCAD simulation models and parameters are properly chosen and calibrated, large number of devices with random defects and structural characteristics can be generated and simulated. The results can then be used to train machine learning algorithms to predict the defect and structural characteristics of a device with given electrical characteristics (such as IV’s and CV’s). 1D PIN diode with various layer thicknesses and doping concentrations are used in this study. It is showed that with less than 2000 training samples, by using simple linear regression, one can achieve good prediction of layer thickness and doping of a given IV curve.
Variation between Point-of-care and Laboratory HbA1c testing in Clinical Practice

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify potential disparities between point-of-care testing (POCT) and laboratory hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reporting at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). Methods: The electronic medical record was reviewed to identify POCT HbA1c done at a FQHC and centralized laboratory venous HbA1c performed on the same day. Manual data extraction was used to identify potential variables that could account for disparities between POCT and laboratory testing. Results: A total of 42 samples in 40 patients were identified. The median HbA1c difference was 1.5 mmol/mol (0.15%) and ranged from -26 to 52 mmol/mol (-2.4 to 4.8%). Of the patients in the study, two had underlying comorbidities that could affect the POCT HbA1c. Conclusion: Point-of-care HbA1c testing should not be used in solidarity to diagnosis pre-diabetes and diabetes. When using HbA1c results to guide therapy, self-monitoring of blood glucose and symptoms of both hypo- and hyperglycemia should be correlated to help determine appropriate therapy.
Multisubstance-using probationers and the odds of arrest while in the community

Failed drug tests commonly lead to technical violations and revocation hearings for probationers. The current study extends these observations by examining whether multisubstance-using probationers also have increased odds of arrest in the community. This is important as multisubstance-using probationers may present unique public safety challenges to community corrections agencies and require intensive treatment resources and additional monitoring. Using data from a county-level probation cohort (N = 2,257) from 2009 to 2010, a series of logistic regression analyses estimated the effects of multisubstance use on the odds of being arrested for a new offense while in the community. The findings revealed that multisubstance use and the frequency of multisubstance use increased the odds of arrest while on probation when compared with single-substance users. We discuss how agencies may best supervise multisubstance-using probationers and suggest directions for further examination.
Scnn1b-transgenic BALB/c mice as a model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the cystic fibrosis lung

ABSTRACT The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), a condition that predisposes patients to chronic lung infections. P. aeruginosa lung infections are difficult to treat because P. aeruginosa adapts to the CF lung, can develop multidrug resistance, and can form biofilms. Despite the clinical significance of P. aeruginosa, modeling P. aeruginosa infections in CF has been challenging. Here, we characterize Scnn1b-transgenic (Tg) BALB/c mice as P. aeruginosa lung infection models. Scnn1b-Tg mice overexpress the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in their lungs, driving increased sodium absorption that causes lung pathology similar to CF. We intranasally infected Scnn1b-Tg mice and wild-type littermates with the laboratory P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and CF clinical isolates and then assessed differences in bacterial clearance, cytokine responses, and histological features up to 12 days postinfection. Scnn1b-Tg mice carried higher bacterial burdens when infected with biofilm-grown rather than planktonic PAO1; Scnn1b-Tg mice also cleared infections more slowly than their wild-type littermates. Infection with PAO1 elicited significant increases in proinflammatory and Th17-linked cytokines on day 3. Scnn1b-Tg mice infected with nonmucoid early CF isolates maintained bacterial burdens and mounted immune responses similar to those of PAO1-infected Scnn1b-Tg mice. In contrast, Scnn1b-Tg mice infected with a mucoid CF isolate carried high bacterial burdens, produced significantly more interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, and KC, and showed severe immune cell infiltration into the bronchioles. Taken together, these results show the promise of Scnn1b-Tg mice as models of early P. aeruginosa colonization in the CF lung.
Complementary policies for multidimensional problems: Does the low-income housing tax credit complement homeless services in the USA?:

Governments use multiple policies targeting different severities of housing insecurity to address multidimensional urban problems such as homelessness, where poverty and unaffordable housing intert...
Peer Networking as a Dynamic Approach To Supporting New Faculty.

This article presents a dynamic method of supporting new faculty through a peer support group led by a facilitator. Group members participate in ongoing self-assessment, individualized goal setting, and activities that reflect the changing needs of the group. We explain the history and activities of the group and also the benefits for institutions considering developing a support mechanism for new faculty.
Mama Grizzlies and the Midterms: Women and the Tea Party

This paper offers a first look at women who support the Tea Party and considers both how they compare with other women politically and with Tea Party men using a national PEW survey. Compared with Republican women more generally, Tea Party women are the most theologically orthodox and religiously observant. In this respect, the Tea Party appears to be capturing support among women for whom mixing their conservative religious values and conservative politics is a good thing — women who may otherwise feel right at home in the Christian Right. Tea Party women are also more religiously devout and theologically conservative than Tea Party men. And while Tea Party women and Tea Party men are more similar than not when it comes to public policy attitudes (and certainly more conservative than the nation at large), the preliminary findings here suggest that Tea Party women hold less conservative views on social welfare concerns than do Tea Party men, which echoes other studies that consistently show that men are less supportive of government assistance to the poor. That women nationally are more likely to be more supportive of government assistance to the poor than men indicates that women are also more supportive of a larger role for government to play in society, which is exactly what the Tea Party is rallying against. So attempts to rally more women to be supportive of the Tea Party may need to be gendered in tone and may need to speak to women’s place as caregivers and mothers, aka the “mama grizzlies” that Sarah Palin talks about in her stump speeches. More empirical research needs to be conducted that determines whether Tea Party activists and conservative Tea Party candidates — especially Tea Party women — routinely employ such rhetoric in their appeals, and if so, whether such appeals are effective in terms of gaining electoral support from women.