cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Newborn screening of mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome) and VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) using flow injection tandem mass spectrometry and newly developed reagents

sulfatides can be monitored both in positive and negative ion mode although with different sensitivity. Fragment ions in both ion modes are independent of the sulfatide acyl chain length and thus suitable for sulfatide profiling using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). We collected urine and blood samples from confirmed MLD patients and analyzed them in parallel. Our results show clearly that accumulation of sulfatide species in dried urine spots allows for the detection of MLD. Dried blood spots are probably not suitable for newborn screening or diagnosis since sulfatide levels were barely detectable and elevated in only a subset of MLD samples.
Lesion-induced increase of BDNF is greater in the striatum of young versus old rat brain.

Abstract Young (4–5 month old) and old (32–34 month old) Brown Norway/F344 hybrid rats were given unilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. Four weeks later tissue from the lesioned or intact striatum or ventral midbrain was dissected and analyzed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BDNF protein content was greater in the lesioned striatum than in the intact striatum for all young rats, and the increased BDNF content in the lesioned striatum of young rats was directly correlated with severity of lesion as determined by rotational scores. BDNF content in the lesioned striatum increased in less than half of the old rats and was not significantly different than BDNF content in the intact striatum. BDNF content in the lesioned substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) was greater than BDNF content in the intact SN/VTA for both young and old rats. These data suggest that an age-related difference in activity of at least one neurotrophic factor, BDNF, occur within the denervated striatum following a neurotoxic lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway.
A decade of accomplishments: gene therapy and the ASGT.

This year we celebrate the tenth anniversary of the annual meetings of the American Society of Gene Therapy (ASGT), marking what many feel has been the maturation of the field of gene therapy from promise to incontrovertible therapeutic benefit for people with otherwise intractable disease. One needs only to reflect on where the field was at the time of the first annual meeting a short decade ago to appreciate the great changes that have taken place and the role that ASGT has played in bringing this new form of medicine to clinical reality.
Subsurface crack mechanisms under indentation loading

Abstract A linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis of plane-strain indentation of a homogeneous half-space with a subsurface horizontal crack was performed using the finite element method. Stress intensity factor results obtained for an infinite plate with a central crack subjected to far-field tension and a half-space with a frictionless subsurface horizontal crack under a moving surface point load are shown to be in good agreement with corresponding analytical results. Crack mechanism maps illustrating the occurrence of separation, forward and backward slip, stick, and separation at the crack interface are presented for different indentation load positions and crack face friction coefficients. Results for the stresses in the vicinity of the crack tips and the mode I and mode II stress intensity factors are given for different indentation positions, crack face friction coefficients, and both concentrated and distributed surface normal tractions. Although indentation produces a predominantly shear and compressive stress field, mode I loading conditions are shown to occur for certain indentation positions. However, the magnitude of the mode I stress intensity factor is significantly smaller than that of mode II, suggesting that in-plane shear mode crack growth is most likely to occur in the absence of microstructural defects. The significance of crack face friction and sharpness of the indenter on the subsurface shear mode crack propagation rate is interpreted in terms of the mode II stress intensity factor range and material behavior.
Factors involved in successful attack on Heliothis virescens by the parasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps

Abstract When larvae of the parasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps were injected into host larvae, Heliothis virescens , the parasitoid larvae were promptly encapsulated by the host. However, injected parasitoid larvae were not encapsulated by the host if the host was parasitized shortly after injection by a C. nigriceps female. These results suggest that the female parasitoid injects a diffusible substance which protects its progeny from encapsulation by the host. Eggs and larvae of the parasitoid when injected into hosts along with material derived from the calyx of the female parasitoid were protected from encapsulation suggesting the calyx to be a source of the protective material. Additional data suggest that another source of the protecting material is in the teratocytes which are liberated from the eggs of the hatching parasitoids.
The Storytime Exchange Ways To Enhance It

(1988). The Storytime Exchange: Ways to Enhance it. Childhood Education: Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 293-298.
Managing Impressions with Information A Field Study of Organizational Realities

This field study examines how changes in span of managerial control (SOC), the leadership substitute referred to as procedure availability, and self-monitoring (SM) influence impression management tactics used by subordinates in their customer service reports. The findings revealed that a wide SOC and available procedures influenced subordinates to use disassociative and positive tactics. When SOC was wide, subordinates high in SM exhibited positive tactics only. The study also found that those high in SM used associative and disassociative tactics when procedures were available. These results provide implications for the impact that structural changes within the organization can have on subordinates’ use and reporting of information.
Loss of target-cell plasma-membrane protein induced by sensitized allogeneic lymphocytes.

Abstract Sensitized allogeneic aggressor lymphocytes caused a marked loss of plasma-membrane protein in target L cells of a subline sensitive to lymphocyte- or lymphotoxin-induced lysis. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoretic analysis, this loss was shown to be general and not restricted to specific membrane fractions. Target L cells of a subline partially resistant to attack by lymphocytes or lymphotoxin showed little or no loss of membrane protein after incubation with sensitized lymphocytes. These observations suggest that target-cell plasma-membrane damage plays an important role in lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis.
Optical design of a multimodal imaging system

A multimodal imaging system has been developed for tooth tissue imaging. This imaging system is designed to obtain one or more two-dimensional images of the tooth tissue, and those two-dimensional images are rendered with advanced algorithms to provide a high-contrast image. This system combines polarized reflectance imaging, fluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. The imaging system design, as well as some experimental results, will be discussed in the presentation.
Practice of applying streptomycin to control fireblight in Hungary1

The conditions under which streptomycin may be used for fireblight control in Hungary are described. Authorizations for individual limited treatment programmes are given to registered growers only.
The importance of human population to sustainability

Human population growth challenges efforts toward sustainability. People who are concerned about the environment, development, and sustainability are in a position to stress the importance of human population and to encourage people to choose small family size (Grossman, in Conserv Biol, 24(6), pp 1435–1436, 2010). Nevertheless, this vital subject has been treated infrequently in this journal. Of more than 500 articles published since its inception, only 15 have touched on human population, few have had population as a primary subject and only three have suggested that readers of this journal can and should have influence over population growth. This article concludes by suggesting ways that we who are concerned about sustainability should promote education about family planning and the advantages of small family size.
Abstract 5024: Sorafenib in combination with modifiers of epigenetic mechanism induce synergistic cytotoxicity in human liver cancer cell lines

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most important cause of cancer death worldwide. Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor improved outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by inhibiting angiogenesis. Epigenetic research suggests that many cancers may not be caused by mutations in genes but by chemical modifications that change how the genes function. DNA methylation and histone deacetylation are two of the more widely studied epigenetic mechanisms. Inhibitors of DNA methylation (Vidaza) and histone deacetylation (SAHA) have shown inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells. We investigated the cytotoxicity of combination of Sorafenib with SAHA or Vidaza in two liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B. METHODS: HepG2 and Hep3B cells in log phase growth were treated simultaneously with sorafenib (0.5-10 µM) and/or vidaza (1.25-10 µM) or SAHA (1.25-10 µM) for 72 hours. Following drug treatment, MTS assay was used as the endpoint for cell proliferation and the IC50 values and combination indices (CI) were derived using Calcusyn software (Biosoft, Cambridge, UK). Each combination was repeated at least three times. RESULTS: The mean single agent IC50's for Sorafenib, Vidaza and SAHA were 6.83±0.44 µM, 10.33±2.91µM, and 11.5±4.25 µM, respectively in HepG2 cells and 6.25±0.20 µM, 11.50±0.41 µM, and 4.25±0.20 µM, respectively in Hep3B cells. The combination indices were: View this table: CONCLUSIONS: The CI's for both combinations demonstrated synergistic effects in each of the cell lines. The molecular mechanism behind the synergistic effect of sorafenib in combination with vidaza or SAHA in liver cancer in underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5024.
Validation of the Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Use in Children and Adolescents (EES-C)

Objective Eating in response to negative emotions is associated with binge or loss of control (LOC) eating in adults. Although children report engaging in LOC eating, data on emotional eating among youth are limited.
Retrieval of distally migrated, impacted biliary endoprostheses using a novel guidewire/basket “lasso” technique

Abstract Background: Migration of biliary endoprostheses is a recognized complication of bile duct stenting. Removing a stent that has migrated is usually straightforward, but this can be challenging when the stent is firmly impacted in the opposite wall of the duodenum or within a diverticulum. We describe a new technique for removing such impacted stents using a guidewire/basket lasso. Methods: To perform the lasso technique, a retrieval basket and a guidewire are passed side-by-side through the accessory channel of the duodenoscope. The basket catheter is advanced underneath the stent and the guidewire manipulated over the stent; the basket is opened and the guidewire advanced through it. Closure of the basket creates a loop around the stent that can then be removed using gentle traction. Results: The lasso technique was successfully used in three cases where other maneuvers failed. Conclusions: Biliary endoscopists should find this technique useful for retrieval of distally migrated biliary stents that are impacted against mucosa or the wall of a diverticulum so as to prevent standard basket extraction.
Using platyceratid gastropod behaviour to test functional morphology

During the Mississippian (Tournaisian), numerous crinoid genera of the subclass Camerata evolved exaggerated anal tubes, cylindrical extensions of the tegmen with the anus at the distal end. Additionally, camerates exhibit higher frequency of platyceratid gastropod infestation than any other crinoid clade leading some researchers to speculate that anal tubes evolved in response to platyceratid parasitism. To test the infestation avoidance role of anal tubes, platyceratid distribution was analyzed among 636 tubed and 675 tubeless crinoids from Mississippian strata in North America. Results demonstrate significantly higher infestation frequency in tubeless crinoids. Rather than attach to the anal vent, as is typical for platyceratids, the gastropods that infested tubed crinoids are always found at the tube base and acquired nutrients from their hosts via drilling. It is likely that infesting tubeless crinoids was a more cost effective trophic strategy than drilling tubed crinoids.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE LATENCY PERIOD FOR PERINATALLY ACQUIRED AIDS

In the United States, over 86 per cent of paediatric cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were infected through maternal or perinatal transmission and current estimates suggest that approximately 6000 children are born to infected women each year. In industrialized countries, less than 25 per cent of infants maternally exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are infected. The exact time of infection is unknown. However an endpoint, birth, exists from which the latency period or the time to diagnosis with clinical AIDS can be measured. In New York City, 7 years of reliable surveillance data were available for children with perinatally acquired AIDS. Using these data, the only estimable aspect of the latency is a conditional distribution, which conditions on diagnosis occurring before age 7. Because newborns carry maternal antibodies, a positive antibody test at birth is only an indication of maternal infection. Screening all newborns for HIV antibodies, while maintaining the anonymity of the mother and child, provides data on the number of children maternally exposed. The above conditioning can be removed by combining the surveillance and newborn screening data to obtain the unconditional latency distribution. We estimate a median diagnosis age of 4.1 years, somewhat longer than previously believed.
Underfeeding-induced suppression of mammary tumors: counteraction by estrogen and haloperidol.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which underfeeding induces regression of carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in the rat and to determine if tumor regression in underfed rats could be prevented on a chronic basis by maintaining elevated circulating levels of estrogen and/or prolactin (PRL) by treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) and a dopamine receptor blocker, haloperidol (HAL). Female rats with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumors were fed ad libitum (full-fed), half-fed (HF), or half-fed and treated with EB (HF+EB), HAL (HF+HAL), or both (HF+EB+HAL) for 15 weeks. Tumor diameter, tumor number, and body weight were determined each week. At the end of the experiment, hypothalamic concentrations of catecholamines, indoleamines, and their metabolites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Tumor diameter, tumor number, and body weight increased progressively in the full-fed rats, but decreased significantly in the HF rats. Treatment of HF ...
Submicrogram quantitation of an acidic polysaccharide by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and rocket affinoelectrophoresis

Abstract Rocket immunoelectrophoresis has been used to quantitate an acidic polysaccharide (a succinylated lipomannan) isolated from the membranes of the bacterium, Micrococcus lysodeikticus . This procedure is superior in sensitivity to standard colorimetric assays for carbohydrate and allows the detection of as little as 10 ng of mannan. The observed relationships between rocket height and both antibody and antigen concentrations follow those described by Weeke for protein antigens [ Weeke, B. (1973) Scand. J. Immunol. 2 , Suppl. 1, 37–46]. Furthermore, the lectin concanavalin A could be used as an alternative to immune serum in the quantitation of this polysaccharide by rocket electrophoresis. However, this modification (rocket affinoelectrophoresis) appeared to be less sensitive than rocket immunoelectrophoresis, allowing the detection of about 25 ng of mannan.
Near-Threshold Photoionization to Probe Neutral “Met-Car” Clusters

Metal−carbon compound clusters of Ti, Zr, V, and Nb are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle cluster source. The distribution of neutral clusters is investigated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, with photoionization at a variety of laser wavelengths. Laser wavelength and power dependence studies are used to investigate ionization potentials of different metal−carbon clusters and the role of fragmentation in the appearance of mass distributions. The M8C12 met-car clusters of zirconium, vanadium, and niobium have vertical ionization potentials greater than 5.76 eV. Ti8C12 has a vertical ionization potential of 4.9 ± 0.2 eV.
Leg blood flow, metabolism and exercise capacity in chronic stable heart failure

Abstract Objectives: To assess the metabolic state of skeletal muscle during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and relate this to exercise capacity. Background: During exercise in CHF, there is little relation between exercise capacity and central haemodynamic function. Skeletal muscle and limb blood flow are abnormal in CHF. We investigated the relationship between leg blood flow, metabolism and exercise capacity and ventilation in 10 patients (average age 63.3 ± 6.0 years; 3 female) with stable CHF. Methods: Patients undertook maximal exercise testing. Peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and the slope of the relationship between ventilation and carbon dioxide production VE/VCO 2 slope) were derived. During a supine cycle exer cardiac output (CO) by Doppler echocardiography, femoral blood flow (FBF) by thermodilution, pulse and blood pressure were recorded, and radial arterial and femoral venous blood samples taken for catecholamine, lactate and potassium estimation every 3 min. Results: The average peak VO 2 was 19.7 (± 5.2; range 11.3–29.0) ml/kg/min. The proportion of CO to the right leg increased from 0.08 (± 0.03) to 0.22 (± 0.06) ( P 2 reaching a plateau towards peak. At peak, femoral venous saturation was 22.79% ± 7.20%. Venous lactate and potassium were higher than arterial ( P 2 was leg hydrogen ion production, V[H + Change in femoral venous lactate from rest to peak exercise correlated with VEVCO2 slope before the anaerobic threshold ( r = − 0.80; P = 0.025). Conclusions: In CHF, exercise capacity is not determined by individual haemodynamic events, and does not seem to be determined by the possible humoral signals we investigated. Ventilation is abnormal before anaerobic threshold, and predicts subsequent lactate rise, suggesting that skeletal muscle is the origin of excessive ventilation.
Picosecond to millisecond photoexcitations in poly(phenylene acetylene)

Abstract Using ps transient and cw photoinduced absorption and photoluminescence, and their respective versions of optically detected magnetic resonance, we elucidate the origin of photoexcitations in thin films of poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA). We clearly identified two kinds of photoexcited singlet excitons: the first type is radiative and unrelaxed whereas the second type is nonradiative, self trapped and thus long-lived. Other photoexcitations such as triplets and polarons play only a minor role in PPA.
Control of the Anodic Aluminum Oxide Barrier Layer Opening Process by Wet Chemical Etching

In this work, it has been shown that, through a highly controlled process, the chemical etching of the anodic aluminum oxide membrane barrier layer can be performed in such a way as to achieve nanometer-scale control of the pore opening. As the barrier layer is etched away, subtle differences revealed through AFM phase imaging in the alumina composition in the barrier layer give rise to a unique pattern of hexagonal walls surrounding each of the barrier layer domes. These nanostructures observed in both topography and phase images can be understood as differences in the oxalate anion contaminated alumina versus pure alumina. This information bears significant implication for catalysis, template synthesis, and chemical sensing applications. From the pore opening etching studies, the etching rate of the barrier layer (1.3 nm/min) is higher than that of the inner cell wall (0.93 nm/min), both of which are higher than the etching rate of pure alumina layer (0.5-0.17 nm/min). The established etching rates together with the etching temperature allow one to control the pore diameter systematically from 10 to 95 nm.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging based on changes in vascular space occupancy.

During brain activation, local control of oxygen delivery is facilitated through microvascular dilatation and constriction. A new functional MRI (fMRI) methodology is reported that is sensitive to these microvascular adjustments. This contrast is accomplished by eliminating the blood signal in a manner that is independent of blood oxygenation and flow. As a consequence, changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) can be assessed through changes in the remaining extravascular water signal (i.e., that of parenchymal tissue) without need for exogenous contrast agents or any other invasive procedures. The feasibility of this vascular space occupancy (VASO) -dependent functional MRI (fMRI) approach is demonstrated for visual stimulation, breath-hold (hypercapnia), and hyperventilation (hypocapnia). During visual stimulation and breath-hold, the VASO signal shows an inverse correlation with the stimulus paradigm, consistent with local vasodilatation. This effect is reversed during hyperventilation. Comparison of the hemodynamic responses of VASO-fMRI, cerebral blood flow (CBF)-based fMRI, and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI indicates both arteriolar and venular temporal characteristics in VASO. The effect of changes in water exchange rate and partial volume contamination with CSF were calculated to be negligible. At the commonly-used fMRI resolution of 3.75 x 3.75 x 5 mm(3), the contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) of VASO-fMRI was comparable to that of CBF-based fMRI, but a factor of 3 lower than for BOLD-fMRI. Arguments supporting a better gray matter localization for the VASO-fMRI approach compared to BOLD are provided. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Auto-oscillations in extracted muscle fibre systems.

IN the course of work on relaxing factors1, Goodall and A. G. Szent-Gyorgyi1 observed that with fibres showing less than maximal activity for the creatine phosphate–adenosine triphosphate relaxing system, an auto-oscillation of tension developed if the creatine phosphate was increased to 30–100 mM. These oscillations (Fig. 1) were observed on several occasions under the above conditions. They are independent of a pH. change from 6.8 to 5.9 which produces a 50 per cent fall of tension, as compared to 90 per cent for ‘active’ fibres. However, it is not certain that this ‘deactivation’ is an essential part of the extraction procedure; afterwards I found that 40 per cent ethylene glycolwater extraction at −5° C. produced oscillating fibres in a matter of a few days. The significant fact about such fibres appears to be their high elastic modulus.
Management of atrial fibrillation: therapeutic options and clinical decisions

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common, sustained tachyarrhythmia seen in clinical practice. Although it is not immediately life threatening, AF can cause troublesome symptoms and poses a risk of stroke. The patient's clinical status is often complicated by the presence of other cardiovascular or concomitant diseases. As a result, management of the patient with AF involves many questions and choices, all of which must be individualized. There are 3 general strategies for the management of patients with AF, including (1) restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm, (2) control of ventricular rate, and (3) prevention of stroke. More than 1 strategy may be appropriate in some patients. Furthermore, either pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic options can be chosen in certain situations. Although some data from randomized clinical trials are available to aid in clinical decision-making, only the benefits of anticoagulation are supported by substantial evidence. This article explores practical approaches to several management issues and scenarios for which there are limited relevant clinical data. These include: (1) patient selection for ventricular rate control and assessment of treatment, (2) choice of antiarrhythmic drug for maintenance of sinus rhythm, (3) inpatient versus outpatient initiation of therapy, (4) definition of antiarrhythmic drug success, (5) methods of transthoracic direct cardioversion, and (6) prediction and prevention of AF after cardiac surgery.
Control of proximal subclavian arterial injury with internal shunt catheter.

Abstract A method for control of blood loss in subclavian artery injuries is described. It utilizes tourniquet tapes around the proximal innominate and distal common carotid arteries over an internal shunt catheter. This method serves the purposes of obtaining a dry operating field in which the injury may be directly and precisely approached while maintaining cerebral circulation through the shunt catheter.
Economic injury level concepts and their use in sustaining environmental quality.

Abstract The economic injury level (EIL) concept is the basis for decisions in most integrated pest management (IPM) programs. These IPM programs are fundamentally different from control approaches to handling pest problems by focusing on tolerating pest effects. The EIL is essential for IPM programs because it indicates which levels of pests can be tolerated and which cannot. By increasing our ability to tolerate pests, it is possible to eliminate or reduce the need for management tactics. Moreover, we can improve and maintain environmental quality through better decisions on the use of those tactics. EILs help maintain environmental quality by reducing unnecessary use of management tactics, especially of pesticides. However, including environmental considerations explicitly in the decision-making process could greatly improve the ability of IPM to sustain environmental quality. To understand the current and potential roles of EILs in maintaining environmental quality, it is first necessary to examine the components of the EIL. These include economic damage, economic thresholds, and the EIL itself. Of these elements, the economic threshold has been the most problematic because it depends on predictions of pest population growth rates. Most approaches to economic threshold development can be grouped into subjective and objective categories, with the objective category being based on calculated EILs. Increased availability of calculated EILs and their related economic thresholds would reduce unnecessary use of management tactics. Additional attention to the EIL itself could further improve the responsiveness of IPM programs to environmental concerns. In particular, by including direct considerations of environmental factors, as well as economic and biological information, into EILs, it would be possible to develop environmental EILs. An environmental EIL evaluates a management tactic based not only on its direct costs and benefits to the user but also on its effects on the environment. Activities to support greater environmental responsiveness in the EIL include accounting for environmental costs in the C variable, reducing damage per injury by increasing plant tolerance in the D variable, and developing an effective, yet environmentally responsible, K variable by reducing pesticide application rates. Focusing research efforts on these aspects of the EIL concept offers the prospect of improved responsiveness to environmental concerns in IPM, without a reliance on new tactics.
Multiple roles of TRAF3 signaling in lymphocyte function

Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily employ cytoplasmic adapter proteins called TNF-R associated factors (TRAF) to initiate and regulate signaling pathways. Although many of these receptors associate with TRAF3, it has been unclear how this TRAF functions in immune responses. New information appearing through the use of novel experimental models reveals that TRAF3 can mediate both activating and inhibitory signals, and can participate in regulation of multiple members of the TNFR superfamily. TRAF3 is also important for signaling via innate immune receptors, as well as an oncogenic mimic of a normal receptor that is implicated in promoting both malignancies and autoimmunity.
Losing Good Citizens: The Enabling Effect of Organizational Citizenship on Job Search Behavior

In my study I extend research and theory on the contingencies that influence employee movement from an organization. Specifically, using a social exchange perspective I explore the impact of organi...
Managing an outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy team: challenges and solutions

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs should strive to deliver safe, cost effective, and high quality care. One of the keys to developing and sustaining a high quality OPAT program is to understand the common challenges or barriers to OPAT delivery. We review the most common challenges to starting and managing an OPAT program and give practical advice on addressing these issues.
Concrete Steps for Assessing the “Soft Skills” in an MBA Program

In 2006, our School of Management began the serious path of assessing both the “hard skills” (such as accounting, finance, and strategy) and the “soft skills” (such as leadership, team work, and ethics) of our MBA Program. The data generated from examining the “soft skills” that we want students to learn within our Organization Behavior courses quickly noted performance gaps between what the faculty hoped our students were learning and what students demonstrated that they knew. In this article, we will describe our assessment methods in detail, exploring three methods of assessment that we developed to assess “soft skills”, specifically: using a commercially available 360-degree instrument, building our own instrument based on well-established theory, and reaching out to experts. We share how we transformed various course-embedded deliverables into useable data and how we “closed the loop” and changed the curriculum within our MBA Program. We provide processes and instruments that could be used by other i...
Promotion of Tubulin Assembly by Poorly Soluble Taxol Analogs

Promotion or inhibition of tubulin assembly into microtubules is the standard in vitro assay for evaluating potential antimicrotubule agents. Many agents to be tested are poorly soluble in aqueous solution and require a cosolvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). However, DMSO itself can promote tubulin assembly, and its inclusion in assays for compounds that induce tubulin assembly complicates interpretation of the results. Substituting GDP for GTP in the exchangeable nucleotide binding site of tubulin produces a less active form of the protein, tubulin-GDP. Here it is shown that tubulin-GDP can be assembled into normal microtubules in DMSO concentrations up to 15% (v/v), and polymerization assays performed under these conditions can be compared with assays run under more standard conditions. Assays for measuring the effective concentration of a ligand for promotion of tubulin assembly (EC(50)), measuring the concentration for inhibition of tubulin assembly (IC(50)) by a colchicine site ligand, and measuring tubulin critical concentrations in the presence of poorly soluble taxol derivatives are illustrated.
TEMPERLEY-LIEB ALGEBRAS FOR NON-PLANAR STATISTICAL MECHANICS — THE PARTITION ALGEBRA CONSTRUCTION

We give the definition of the Partition Algebra Pn(Q). This is a new generalisation of the Temperley–Lieb algebra for Q-state n-site Potts models, underpinning their transfer matrix formulation on arbitrary transverse lattices. In Pn(Q) subalgebras appropriate for building the transfer matrices for all transverse lattice shapes (e.g. cubic) occur. For the Partition algebra manifests either a semi-simple generic structure or is one of a discrete set of exceptional cases. We determine the Q-generic and Q-independent structure and representation theory. In all cases (except Q = 0) simple modules are indexed by the integers j ≤ n and by the partitions λ ˫ j. Physically they may be associated, at least for sufficiently small j, to 2j 'spin' correlation functions. We exhibit a subalgebra isomorphic to the Brauer algebra.
Acute stress suppresses plasma estradiol levels in female alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

Abstract 1. 1. Five adult, female alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) were captured at night during the breeding season, and a blood sample taken within 5 min of capture. 2. 2. The alligators were physically restrained (tied to boards) and additional blood samples taken at 4, 8, 12, 16, 22, 28, 38, and 48 hr after capture. After the last blood sample was collected the animals were released. 3. 3. Plasma estradiol-17β and corticosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Estradiol declined significantly from initial values by 22 hr post capture, but remained unchanged for 48 hr. 4. 4. Plasma corticosterone rose from a mean of 0.8 ng/ml at capture to 12.6 ng/ml after 4 hr. Corticosterone continued to rise up to 16 hr then declined after 22 hr. From 28 until 48 hr corticosterone again increased significantly. 5. 5. These results demonstrate that acute stress in female alligators causes significant suppression of plasma estradiol and a biphasic pattern of corticosterone secretion.
Elucidation of the structural basis for the slow reactivity of thrombin with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor of the serpin superfamily which rapidly inactivates tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), but reacts with thrombin at a much slower rate. Based on the previous mutagenesis studies and the X-ray crystal structure of the thrombin E192Q-bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) complex, the structural basis for the slow reactivity of thrombin with PAI-1 is investigated in this study. In the crystal structure of the thrombin E192Q-BPTI complex, the reactive site loop of BPTI is stabilized in a canonical conformation by several productive interactions (e.g., Glu39 of thrombin is ion-paired to the P5' Arg, and Gln192 is hydrogen-bonded to the P2 and P4 backbone carbonyls of BPTI). PAI-1 contains Glu residues at both the P4' and P5' positions, and previous mutagenesis studies suggest that these residues make productive interactions with Arg39 of tPA as well as with two other positively charged residues present on the 39-loop of the protease (chymotrypsin numbering). Glu39 and Glu192 of thrombin would be unable to make such productive interactions with PAI-1. Instead, their repulsive interactions with the similarly charged residues and/or the backbone carbonyls of the PAI-1 reactive site loop could restrict the reaction. To test this, the rate constants (k2) for the PAI-1 inactivation of wild-type, E39K, E39Q, E192Q, E192M, and E39K/E192Q thrombins were determined. The inactivation rates of E39K [k2 = (4.3 +/- 0.2) x 10(4) M-1 s-1] and E39Q [k2 = (1.0 +/- 0.1) x 10(4) M-1 s-1] were 50- and 12-fold faster than the inactivation of wild-type thrombin [k2 = (8.6 +/- 0. 5) x 10(2) M-1 s-1], respectively. Relative to thrombin, the PAI-1 inactivation rates were improved 31-fold for E192Q [k2 = (2.7 +/- 0. 5) x 10(4) M-1 s-1] and 5-fold for E192M [k2 = (4.3 +/- 0.8) x 10(3) M-1 s-1] thrombins. With the double mutant E39K/E192Q, the inactivation rate [k2 = (5.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(5) M-1 s-1] was improved 628-fold over wild-type thrombin. These results suggest that repulsive interactions and/or lack of productive electrostatic interactions between PAI-1 and Glu39 and Glu192 of thrombin are responsible for the slow reaction of thrombin with this serpin.
The transformative value of food: A review essay

Kahn, Miriam. 1986. Always Hungry, Never Greedy: Food and the Expression of Gender in a Melanesian Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Meigs, Anna. 1984. Food, Sex, and Pollution: A New Guinea Religion. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. Young, Michael W. 1971. Fighting with Food: Leadership, Values, and Social Control in a Massim Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
An After-effect in Haptic Space Perception:

Abstract After-effects in haptic perception have been little studied. But they seem to be prominent, and easy to elicit. An after-effect of the perception of the vergence of two surfaces is described, and is shown to be independent of the slant of the surfaces. It is not “figural.” Spatial perception with the hands, as well as with the eyes, is apparently based on a fluid and adaptable receptive system.
Implementing Quality of Service in shipboard power system design

Quality of Service (QOS) is a measure of the ability of the power system to reliably provide loads electrical power with the power continuity required by the loads. QOS recognizes that different loads can tolerate different power interruption durations. This paper reviews QOS concepts as described in IEEE 1662–2008 and IEEE 1709–2010, describes methods for employing QOS in the design of shipboard power systems, and presents modeling and simulation considerations.
Glucose-induced microautophagy in Pichia pastoris requires the alpha-subunit of phosphofructokinase.

We have characterized biochemically, morphologically, and genetically two distinct pathways for the selective degradation of peroxisomes in Pichia pastoris. These pathways are independently regulated and analogous to microautophagy and macroautophagy that have been defined in mammalian cells. When P. pastoris is grown in methanol, cytosolic and peroxisomal enzymes necessary for methanol assimilation are synthesized. During adaptation from methanol to glucose, these enzymes are rapidly and selectively degraded within the yeast vacuole by microautophagy. We have isolated gsa mutants that are defective in glucose-induced selective autophagy of peroxisomes. In this study, we have shown that gsa1 is unable to sequester peroxisomes into the yeast vacuole. In addition, we provide evidence that the glucose-induced selective autophagy 1 (GSA1) protein is the alpha subunit of the phosphofructokinase enzyme complex encoded by PFK1. First, we can rescue the gsa1 mutant by transformation with a vector containing PFK1. Second, cellular levels of both PFK1 mRNA and phosphofructokinase activity are dramatically reduced in gsa1 when compared to the parental GS115. Third, a PFK1 knockout (delta pfk1) is unable to degrade alcohol oxidase during glucose adaptation. As observed in gsa1, the peroxisomes in delta pfk1 remain outside the vacuole during adaptation. Our data are consistent with the concept that PFK1 protein is required for an event upstream of vacuole degradation (i.e. signaling, selection, or sequestration). However, the degradation of peroxisomes does not require a catalytically active phosphofructokinase. The inability of delta pfk1 cells to degrade alcohol oxidase can be rescued by transformation with either normal PFK1 or mutant pfk1 whose catalytic site had been inactivated by a single amino acid mutation. We propose that PFK1 protein directly modulates glucose-induced microautophagy independent of its ability to metabolize glucose intermediates.
Accessing government statistical information

As government agencies provide increasing amounts of information through their Web sites, more people are attempting to make sense of it. The result is a significant volume of e-mail queries - many of which boil down to "Where can I find X?" or "What does X mean exactly?" Such queries underline a major stumbling block to widespread digital access: how best to provide highly codified, statistical data to a large, diverse population with varying levels of numerical literacy. The responsibility for this challenge falls to government statistical services, which must somehow package staggering amounts of data on everything from the gross national product to basic animal care in a way that a diversity of potential data users find palatable. The GovStat project aims to make the vast resources of government statistical data more broadly accessible to both agencies and the general population. Some first steps are creating layers of online help to address different browsing needs and developing prototype interfaces for exploring data.
The power of witness reduction

Recent results by M. Ogiwara and L.A. Hemachandra (1990) established a connection between functions being hard for a class of functions and functions interacting with the class to effect witness reduction. The author believes that the ability to achieve some form of witness reduction is what makes a function hard for a class of functions. To support this thesis he defines new function classes and obtains results analogous to those of Ogiwara and Hemachandra. He also introduces the notion of randomly hard functions and obtains similar results. >
Attitudes, Deontics and Semantic Neutrality

It has been recently suggested that a semantic theory for deontic modals should be neutral between a very large range of normative and evaluative theories. This article aims to clarify this talk of neutrality, in particular its scope and motivation. My thesis is that neutrality is best understood as an empirical thesis about a fragment of natural language that includes deontic modals – not as a new, sui generis methodological constraint on natural language semantics.
A Temporal Coherence Study of Quantum-Dot/Dash Broadband Lasers and Superluminescent Diodes

The temporal coherence functions of InGaAs-GaAs quantum-dot (QD) and InAs-InGaAlAs quantum-dash (Qdash) superluminescent diodes (SLDs) and broadband laser diodes (BLDs) are reported. Using an optical fiber-based spectral interferometer, the fabricated devices were shown to yield low coherence lengths of 4.00-12.29 mum and 33.48-74.56 mum for SLD and BLD devices, respectively. In addition, there were negligible secondary coherencies indicating that these devices have the potential for use in low coherent interferometric systems.
School Cultures as Contexts for Informal Teacher Learning.

Abstract This study profiles and compares international social contexts for teacher workplace informal learning from the teachers' perspectives. Set in elementary schools in the U.S. and Lithuania, the study illustrates how teachers make sense of and engage in professional learning within their historical, political and administrative contexts. A socio-cultural framework brings into view different opportunities for teacher informal learning. These evolve from comparing teacher interviews about their learning to ethnographic case studies of the school's cultures that include schools' missions, building structures, classroom environments, organizational arrangements, traditions, and professional relationships. The study illustrates key interrelated cultural qualities of schools that support and hinder informal learning; argues for the importance of acknowledging teacher informal learning as a method of career-long professional development, and suggests further research about how to build and sustain the school infrastructure necessary to maintain such development.
A wideband CPW-to-microstrip transition for millimeter-wave packaging

A broadband single layer vertical transition from CPW to microstrip has been developed for multilayer millimeter-wave circuits. The transition has exceptionally wide bandwidth and presents low insertion and return losses. A transition has been fabricated on a 100 /spl mu/m silicon wafer that shows approximately 0.3 dB of insertion loss and better than 10 dB return loss over 75-110 GHz. This transition can be used for the vertical integration of multi-layer millimeter wave circuits and packaging.
Making Social Matching Context-Aware: Design Concepts and Open Challenges

Social matching systems recommend people to people. In an ideal world, such systems could be context-aware, in that they would introduce users to each other in situations where they are mutually interested, available and open to meeting (i.e., facilitate a valuable encounter). Unfortunately, today's systems primarily match individuals based on simple similarity and proximity metrics. This paper explores how contextual information available on today's mobile phones could be used to identify opportunities for people to make valuable new connections. Three types of context that are relevant for this work are: relational, social and personal. We present insights gained from several iterations of semi-structured interviewing (N=58) exploring these three types of contexts and propose novel context-aware social matching concepts such as: sociability of others as an indicator of opportune social context; activity involvement as an indicator of opportune personal context; and contextual rarity as an indicator of opportune relational context.
First-Principles Study of N Impurities in SiC Polytypes

We investigate theoretically the energetics of nitrogen impurities in β-SiC, their geometrical relaxation, and electronic properties. We find that density-functional theory is able to calculate donor-ionization energies accurately once large enough simulation cells are used. For neutral interstitial defects, we find that configurations where N is three-fold coordinated have very low formation energies and high binding energies with the involved native defects. At the same time, such configurations introduce deep levels into the gap which may result in a non-activation of the donor.
Insulin Attenuates Norepinephrine- Induced Venoconstriction: An Ultrasonographic Study

Abstract To directly assess insulin-related venomotor changes objectively and quantitatively, we used a modified ultrasonographic technique to measure venous diameter. Ten healthy men and women were studied by use of an Acuson 128 XP ultrasonograph with a linear 7.5-MHz ultrasonographic transducer (sensitivity, ±0.1 mm). Venous diameter was measured with the arm kept at 30° elevation and with a pneumatic cuff above the elbow inflated at 40 mm Hg for the last 2 minutes of each 5-minute observation period. Norepinephrine was infused at incremental concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ng/min (75, 150, 300, and 600 pmol/min, respectively) for 5 minutes each. Maximal venoconstriction was achieved by the dose of 100 ng/min norepinephrine, which was then combined with insulin doses of 8, 16, 24, and 32 μU/min (60, 120, 180, and 230 fmol/min, respectively) for 5 minutes each. In six different subjects, methylene blue, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, was infused simultaneously with 32 μU/min insulin and 100 ng/min norepinephrine. Mean resting diameter of the vein (1.8±0.6 mm [mean±SD]) increased (to 3.0±1.0 mm) after cuff inflation. Incremental doses of norepinephrine caused highly reproducible dose-dependent decreases in venous diameter (to 1.8±0.6 mm, P P P
Optimal spatial field control of distributed parameter systems

Optimal control problems are formulated and solved in which the manipulation is distributed over a three-dimensional (3D) spatial field with constraints on the spatial variation. These spatial field control problems that arise in applications in acoustics, structures, epidemiology, cancer treatment, and tissue engineering have much higher controllability than boundary control problems, but have vastly higher degrees of freedom. Efficient algorithms are developed for computing optimal manipulated fields by combination of modal analysis and least-squares optimization over a basis function space. Small minimum control error is observed in applications to distributed parameter systems with reaction, diffusion, and convection.