cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prior knowledge involved in inferencing information from warnings for younger and older adults

AbstractWarning comprehension is critical to safely use medications and products with health-related consequences, especially for older adults who often use multiple medications. The ability to infer from short texts influences the warning comprehension process and in turn is influenced by prior knowledge. Mixed evidence suggests that age may moderate inferencing ability. This study combined quantitative and qualitative measures to explore the role of prior knowledge in inferencing and age-related differences in the nature of the information used. Twenty younger (18–28) and 20 older (65–75) adults evaluated whether 16 one-sentence statements were true (consistent) or false (inconsistent) in relation to two-sentence text passages that were real (i.e. taken from products such as cleaners and OTC medications) or their reverse. Statements contained information explicitly stated or implied in the text passage. Accuracy was generally high, higher for real text passages (than reversed) and explicit statements (t...
Thoracoscopic Nd:YAG Laser Resection of a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

Advances in endoscopic surgical techniques and laser technology have expanded the role of thoracoscopy. We report a thoracoscopic resection of a benign pulmonary lesion. A 44-year-old man underwent a successful Nd:YAG laser-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a peripheral lung hamartoma. The patient's postoperative course was uncomplicated. Thoracotomy with its attendant morbidity was avoided. Continued success with thoracoscopic resection will have a significant impact on the management of select patients with peripheral, solitary pulmonary nodules.
Increased xanthine oxidase during labour—implications for oxidative stress

Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH/XO) produces uric acid. When in the oxidase form, this production is coupled with the generation of free radicals. Hypoxia-reperfusion enhances conversion of XDH to XO. Since the placenta is exposed to short periods of hypoxia reperfusion during labour, 17 placentae of pregnancy terminated by elective caesarean section and five placentae of pregnancies terminated by caesarean section during labour were examined for XDH/XO activity. It was found that XO activity was higher in the placentae of labouring women (P=0.003), which suggests that labour enhances conversion of XDH to XO, facilitating free radical production.
Fine structure of sporozoites of Eimeria nieschulzi.

SYNOPSIS. An electron microscope study of sporozoites of Eimeria nieschulzi Dieben, 1924 revealed that they have a pellicle which is thickened at the anterior end to form 2 polar rings. Radiating posteriorly from the rings, directly beneath the pellicle, are approximately 25 microtubules which may aid in support and locomotion of the sporozoite. Within the polar ring is a dense conoid. Numerous toxonemes extend posteriorly from the area of the conoid. Two paranuclear bodies are present and some toxonemes are closely associated with the anterior body. Numerous ribosomes, bodies containing granular material, and osmiophilic vesicle bounded bodies are also present. Each sporozoite has a single nucleus with a diffuse karyosome and distinct nuclear double membrane.
Social justice and the urban obesity crisis: Implications for social work

Language is a powerful tool for inspiring new coalitions and mobilizing communities to create conditions that foster health. Does the language of social justice widen or narrow possibilities for cr...
Complications Following Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Femoral Cross-Pin Fixation

Cross-pin fixation of hamstring grafts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was developed with hopes of improving on potential problems associated with interference screw and button fixation methods. However, cross-pins are a relatively new method of graft fixation and there are limited data on this technique. We report 2 cases in which reoperation was necessary after complications associated with cross-pin fixation. In one case, the cross-pin was left too proud and in the other it penetrated the medial side of the femur and was prominent. Surgeons who use cross-pin fixation should pay close attention so as not to leave the cross-pin proud laterally or medially to avoid the necessity of reoperation for hardware removal.
Harnessing Collective Intelligence to Address Global Climate Change

Global climate change, caused by human-generated greenhouse-gas emissions, is perhaps the most pressing and important problem currently facing humanity. It is also unique by virtue of being a truly systemic problem of vast complexity: it affects every one of us, and is directly affected by every one of our actions. Like nothing else, the climate crisis calls upon us to engage in effective collective decision making on a global scale. At the same time, the spectacular emergence of the Internet and associated information technology has created unprecedented opportunities for new kinds of interactions, via email, instant messaging, news groups, chat rooms, blogs, wikis, podcasts, and the like. As the well-known examples of Wikipedia and Linux illustrate, it is now possible to combine the work of thousands of knowledgeable and interested individuals in ways that were completely impossible a few years ago. But these technologies have not yet been used to deal effectively with our global problems. Our societal conversations about controversial topics like global climate change are often strident and unproductive. And we have no clear way to converge on well-supported decisions concerning what actions, both grand- and ground-level, humanity should take to solve these problems. In this paper we argue that it is now possible to harness computer technology to facilitate “collective intelligence”—the synergistic and cumulative channeling of
Vegetation Response to Early Holocene Warming as an Analog for Current and Future Changes

Temperatures in southwestern North America are projected to increase 3.5-4 degrees C over the next 60-90 years. This will precipitate ecological shifts as the ranges of species change in response to new climates. During this shift, rapid-colonizing species should increase, whereas slow-colonizing species will at first decrease, but eventually become reestablished in their new range. This successional process has been estimated to require from 100 to over 300 years in small areas, under a stable climate, with a nearby seed source. How much longer will it require on a continental scale, under a changing climate, without a nearby seed source? I considered this question through an examination of the response of fossil plant assemblages from the Grand Canyon, Arizona, to the most recent rapid warming of similar magnitude that occurred at the start of the Holocene, 11,700 years ago. At that time, temperatures in southwestern North America increased about 4 degrees C over less than a century. Grand Canyon plant species responded at different rates to this warming climate. Early-successional species rapidly increased, whereas late-successional species decreased. This shift persisted throughout the next 2700 years. I found two earlier, less-extreme species shifts following rapid warming events around 14,700 and 16,800 years ago. Late-successional species predominated only after 4000 years or more of relatively stable temperature. These results suggest the potential magnitude, duration, and nature of future ecological changes and have implications for conservation plans, especially those incorporating equilibrium assumptions or reconstituting past conditions. When these concepts are extended to include the most rapid early-successional colonizers, they imply that the recent increases in invasive exotics may be only the most noticeable part of a new resurgence of early-successional vegetation. Additionally, my results challenge the reliability of models of future vegetation and carbon balance that project conditions on the basis of assumptions of equilibrium within only a century.
Characterization of Silver Binding in Cryptomelane by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Silver-manganese oxides are minerals that occur in the class of secondary ore bodies where silver is transported from its source and is subsequently trapped in a manganese oxide matrix. Silver-manganese oxide ores are present in parts of the western US, Mexico, South America, and Sumatra. The amount of silver in these ore bodies varies between a few parts per million (ppm) to thousands of ppm. However, these ores are not compatible with conventional metallurgical treatment for the extraction of silver. Using silver K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, two different samples of silver-containing manganese oxide were analyzed in the fluorescence mode. For the first sample, silver ions from solution were sorbed onto one synthetic manganese oxide phase, namely cryptomelane (K{sub x}Mn{sub 8}O{sub 16}, where 1 < x < 2). The second sample was a silver-manganese oxide from Colorado. From the EXAFS analysis, silver was found to occupy two different sites in the synthetic sample. The natural samples from Colorado also exhibited a very similar coordination distances as the synthetic samples. In the low temperature spectrum of the synthetic sample at 10 K, the Ag-O peak was found to be missing and the amplitude of the Ag-Ag peak wasmore » approximately three times larger than the corresponding room temperature sample.« less
Characterization of a line of pigs previously selected for increased litter size for RBP4 and follistatin

The objective of this study was to determine if selection response for increased litter size in pigs could be partially attributed to three type 1 marker loci coding for genes known to affect litter size: oestrogen receptor (ESR), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and follistatin (FS). In the high litter size line (LS), pigs from the largest litters, based on number of pigs born alive (NBA), were retained to parent the next generation. A randomly selected control line (LC) was maintained. Gilts were reared in litters of 10 pigs or less to minimize maternal effects. Pigs were measured at generations 10-12. Additional traits scored were number of fully formed pigs (NFF) and number of mummified fetuses (MUM). Breeding values for NFF and NBA were greater (p < 0.05) in LS than LC in generations 11 and 12, but no significant line differences were found for MUM. The A allele of the ESR locus was fixed in both lines. After adjustment for effects of genetic drift, frequency of the two alleles segregating for the FS and RBP4 loci did not differ significantly between lines. No significant additive or dominance effects of the FS markers were detected for NFF, NBA and MUM in either LS or LC. Response to selection for increased litter size could not be attributed to effects at the ESR, RBP4 or FS loci.
Synthesis and Characterization of a 1,3-Phenylene-Bridged N‑Alkyl Bis(benzimidazole) CCC-NHC Pincer Ligand Precursor: Homobimetallic Silver and Rhodium Complexes and the Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Phenylacetylene

A new CCC-NHC pincer ligand precursor architecture based on 1,3-bis(N-alkylbenzimidazole)benzene has been synthesized and metalated using Ag2O, forming a homobimetallic Ag complex with a metal to ligand ratio of 1:1. The Ag complex was treated with either [Rh(COD)Cl]2 or Rh(COD)2OTf and NBu4I to yield a homobimetallic Rh complex by transmetalation. The Rh complexes were characterized, and an X-ray structure is reported. Their catalytic activity in the hydrosilylation of phenylacetylene is reported.
Digestibility of energy and phosphorus in ten samples of distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs.

An experiment was conducted to mea- sure DE and ME and the apparent total tract digestibil- ity (ATTD) of energy, N, and P in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) fed to growing pigs. Ten sources of DDGS were obtained from ethanol plants in South Dakota and Minnesota, and 11 diets were formulated. One diet was based on corn (96.8%), limestone, salt, vitamins, and microminerals. Ten additional diets were formulated by mixing the corn diet and each of the 10 sources of DDGS in a 1:1 ratio. Eleven growing pigs (initial BW of 29.3 ± 0.42 kg) were allotted to an 11 × 11 Latin square design, with 11 periods and 11 pigs. Each of the 11 diets was fed to each pig during 1 period. Pigs were placed in metabolism cages that allowed for the total, but separate, collection of feces and urine. Samples were analyzed for GE, N, and P and energy and N balances, and the ATTD of GE, N, and P were calculated for each diet. By subtracting the contribution from the corn diet to the DDGS-containing diets, the energy and N balances and the ATTD for GE, N, and P for each source of DDGS were calculated. Results of the experiment showed that the DE and ME differed (P < 0.001) among the 10 sources of DDGS (3,947 to
Tau phosphorylation in neuronal cell function and dysfunction

Tau is a group of neuronal microtubule-associated proteins that are formed by alternative mRNA splicing and accumulate in neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Tau plays a key role in regulating microtubule dynamics, axonal transport and neurite outgrowth, and all these functions of tau are modulated by site-specific phosphorylation. There is significant evidence that a disruption of normal phosphorylation events results in tau dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, and is a contributing factor to the pathogenic processes. Indeed, the abnormal tau phosphorylation that occurs in neurodegenerative conditions not only results in a toxic loss of function (e.g. decreased microtubule binding) but probably also a toxic gain of function (e.g. increased tau-tau interactions). Although tau is phosphorylated in vitro by numerous protein kinases, how many of these actually phosphorylate tau in vivo is unclear. Identification of the protein kinases that phosphorylate tau in vivo in both physiological and pathological processes could provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases in which there is tau pathology.
Synthesis and inhibition of macronuclear DNA in regenerating Blepharisma

The macronuclear cycle in regenerating posterior fragments of albino Blepharisma intermedium consists of four sequential stages which result in the reversible condensation of the macronucleus, and which are similar to those in the pigmented strain. Tritiated deoxyuridine incorporation occurs predominantly during the first three hours of regeneration and then declines. Of the early hours, hour 2 exhibits a significant increase in the proportion of heavily-labeled cells. A statistical comparison of whole organisms labeled through exposure to radioactive precursor for a one-hour period with fragments labeled at each hour of regeneration reveals a significantly greater number of labeled fragments for each of hours 1 through 4. Asynchronous patterns of DNA replication are evident in the macronucleus of both regenerating and whole cells. Oval-shaped pellicular rings, consisting of dense accumulations of silver halide grains are evident during hours 5 and 6 of regeneration. Continuous inhibition of DNA synthesis during regeneration produces effects which depend upon the specific inhibitor employed. 5-Aminouracil (AU) effects an appreciable delay of regeneration, without lethal or abnormal consequences. AU, hydroxyurea (HU), 5 bromodcoxyuridine (BUdR) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) exhibit a marked inhibitory effect upon division when they are administered to two-hour fragments. The first three hours of regeneration is the period of greatest susceptibility to inhibitor action with respect to post-regeneration division. AU, BUdR and FUdR interfere with the sequence of macronuclear events when these inhibitors are administered during hours 2–4 of regeneration. Contracted macronuclei are present at 24 hours and are related to division delay. HU, FUdR and BUdR treatment, during the later hours of regeneration, results in macronuclear fragmentation, branching and abnormal massing, respectively. Cytoplasmic abnormalities result from fragment exposure to the inhibitors during hours 4–6, with BUdR producing the most pronounced effects.
Incidence, determinants and significance of delayed clearance of serum HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A prospective study

To investigate the incidence, determinants and significance of delayed clearance of serum HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B virus infection, a prospective follow-up study was conducted in two consecutive groups of patients. Group I consisted of 984 patients (859 men and 125 women) with biopsy-proven chronic type B hepatitis, whereas group II consisted of 1,598 asymptomatic chronic carriers (998 men and 600 women) with normal serum aminotransferase activity. During a mean follow-up period of 4.0 ± 2.3 yr, 19 patients (1.9%) of group I cleared HBsAg from their serum, whereas 35 patients (2.2%) in group II did so in a mean follow-up period of 2.7 ± 1.4 yr. The annual incidence of delayed serum HBsAg clearance was 0.5% in group I and 0.8% in group II (p < 0.02). The cumulative probability of HBsAg clearance was also higher in group II than in group I (p <0.007). Antibodies to HBsAg developed in 9 patients (47.4%) with chronic hepatitis and in 11 (31.4%) asymptomatic carriers who cleared serum HBsAg. Those who were HBeAg negative and those older than 40 at entry and those who exhibited cirrhosis during follow-up had a higher incidence of delayed HBsAg clearance. Gender, initial histological changes and hepatitis delta virus infection did not influence the occurrence of HBsAg clearance. Serum HBV DNA was not detectable by slot-blot hybridization but was still detectable by polymerase chain reaction in serum specimens collected within 1 yr of HBsAg clearance. Liver biopsy performed later in 10 patients showed no significant hepatitis activity or tissue HBV DNA, HBsAg or HBcAg. The results suggest that the incidence of delayed clearance of HBsAg during chronic HBV infection is low. HBeAg status, age of patients and development of cirrhosis are determinants for HBsAg clearance. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:627–631.)
Center Manifold Reduction of the Hopf-Hopf Bifurcation in a Time Delay System

In this work, a dierential delay equation (DDE) with a cubic nonlinearity is analyzed as two parameters are varied by means of a center manifold reduction. This reduction is applied directly to the case where the system undergoes a Hopf-Hopf bifurcation. This procedure replaces the original DDE with four rst-order ODEs, an approximation valid in the neighborhood of the Hopf-Hopf bifurcation. Analysis of the resulting ODEs shows that two separate periodic motions (limit cycles) and an additional quasiperiodic motion are born out of the Hopf-Hopf bifurcation. The analytical results are shown to agree with numerical results obtained by applying the continuation software package DDE-BIFTOOL to the original DDE. This system has analogues in coupled microbubble oscillators.
Integrating Knowledge Management into Corporate Internal Communication

Companies have long tried to both make sense of all the information that they have collectively accumulated over time, hoping to capture the business-critical information that resides in the heads of their key employees. Despite all the enthusiasm around knowledge management (KM), many projects foundered because many users did not incorporate KM into their working practices, which caused duplicate work and revenue loss. Such businesses need answers to three questions: What exactly is knowledge management? Why is it important? How can we use it in real life situation to facilitate communication process? To provide answers, this paper first describes the differences among data, information, and knowledge. Next, it offers a working definition of knowledge management, along with various spectra of KM. Finally, the need to apply knowledge management into corporate internal communication is illustrated by an analysis of knowledge flow in a translation company to demonstrate how KM is deconstructed into knowledge creation, sharing, and transfer, thus facilitating corporate communication. Implications for practitioners to take away are also offered in the end.
Expression and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Maize Transposable Element MuDR and Its Derivatives

The transposition of Mu elements underlying Mutator activity in maize requires a transcriptionally active MuDR element. Despite variation in MuDR copy number and RNA levels in Mutator lines, transposition events are consistently late in plant development, and Mu excision frequencies are similar. Here, we report previously unsuspected and ubiquitous MuDR homologs that produce both RNA and protein. MuDR transcript levels are proportional to MuDR copy number, and homolog transcript levels increase in active Mutator lines. A subset of homologs exhibits constitutive transcription in MuDR 2 and epigenetically silenced MuDR lines, suggesting independent transcriptional regulation. Surprisingly, immunodetection demonstrated nearly invariant levels of MuDR and homolog protein products in all tested Mutator and non-Mutator stocks. These results suggest a strict control over protein production, which might explain the uniform excision frequency of Mu elements. Moreover, the nonfunctional proteins encoded by homologs may negatively regulate Mutator activity and represent part of the host defense against this transposon family.
Using Reinterview and Reconciliation Methods to Design and Evaluate Survey Questions

Conducting reinterviews is an effective method to estimate and reduce response errors in interview surveys. As part of the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 (SHPPS), RTI used reinterview methods to assist in designing and evaluating survey questions. Reinterviews were conducted in the field test with selected respondents to identify discrepancies between the original interviews and reinterviews. Reconciliation interviews were then conducted to determine the reasons for the discrepancies in terms of comprehension, recall, encoding, response options, or other problems. In this paper, we describe the design of the reinterview and reconciliation study and discuss the implications of using these methods for questionnaire design and evaluation, specifically in comparison to cognitive interviewing.
Deliberation, Learning, and Institutional Change: The Use of Judicial Forums in Institutionally Diverse Settings

From p. 4: A recent article by Knight and Johnson (2007) stimulated us to focus on the potential role of courts applying the principles of equity jurisprudence in disputes over rights to the use of common-pool resources and their potential for crafting new institutions. In comparison with some of the "quick fixes" that are imposed on environmental problems that reach crisis proportions (Sterner, Troell et al., 2006), equity courts may be able to facilitate "creative fixes" to the basic rules affecting resource extraction and sustainability. We will focus primarily on the role of courts in creating new institutions for ground water allocation and continued monitoring in Southern California. While we examine the role of courts in helping water users craft more efficient and equitably institutions in Southern California, the question of what kind of collective choice institutions may facilitate effective institutional change at an operational level is relevant to current disputes over water rights in other locations including Australia.
A Comparison Study of the Westinghouse Model E Steam Generator Using RELAP5/MOD2 and RETRAN-02 Computer Codes

Predictions by RELAP5/MOD2 and RETRAN-02 are compared on a model of the Westinghouse model E steam generator, which is a U-tube steam generator with an integral preheater section. Five transients are used as forcing functions to generate the response of the steam generator. These transients were selected based on providing both nominal and severe forcing functions on the heat removal capability of the secondary side. The steam generator transients investigated were a loss of feedwater, a turbine trip, a decrease in load demand, a increase in load demand, and a decrease in inlet feedwater temperature. Steam line exit mass flow rate, secondary-side liquid mass inventory and water level, and primary-side cold-leg temperature predictions are compared
Recognizing the existence of Chinese Logic

Chad Hansen provocatively claimed that there was no such thing as Chinese Logic. To assess the significance or otherwise of this claim one must know what he means by Logic (i.e. what he is denying to classical Chinese culture), what the rhetorical force of such a claim might be, regardless of his intended meaning, and whether this might be misleading in the sense that one would be missing something important about classical Chinese culture by denying there is anything that could be called Chinese ‘logic’ (as would be the case if one denied that there is anything that can be called Chinese ‘mathematics’ just because one cannot find axioms, proofs and theorems). Our paper will treat each of these in turn, first looking at the basis of Chad Hansen’s claim, and in particular at what he means by Logic. Second, looking more broadly at the rhetorical force of such a claim, regardless of its intended meaning. And thirdly looking at what important features of Chinese ways of thinking and acting this might lead one to overlook. It is to counter the rhetorical force of Hansen’s claim that the title of this paper implies the counter claim that Chinese Logic exists.
Cultural scripts surrounding young people’s sexual and romantic relationships in the Western Highlands of Guatemala

Guatemala has one of the world's highest teenage pregnancy rates and 92% of young people report not using contraception for first sex. We conducted narrative-based thematic analysis of a sample of narratives (n = 40; 15 male-authored, 25 female-authored) on HIV and sexuality, submitted to a 2013 scriptwriting competition by young people aged 15-19 years from Guatemala's Western Highlands. Our objective was to identify dominant cultural scripts and narratives that deviated positively from that norm with a view to informing the development of educational curricula and communication materials promoting youth sexual and reproductive health. The narratives are characterised by romantic themes and melodramatic plotlines: three in four had tragic endings. Rigid gender norms and ideologies of enduring love make female characters blind to the potential consequences of unprotected sex and vulnerable to betrayal and abandonment. Unprotected sex is the norm, with contraception and sexually transmitted infection protection mentioned rarely. In the four positively deviant narratives, female and male characters' interaction is based on mutual respect, dialogue and genuine affection. The narratives reveal opportunities for action to increase sexual health knowledge and access to services and to challenge harmful cultural scripts, potentially by leveraging the positive value attached to romantic love by authors of both sexes.
Impact of SWCNT processing on nanotube-silicon heterojunctions

Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are ideal components for thin, flexible, and durable electronic devices. Here, we use a variety of processing approaches to fabricate SWCNT-silicon heterojunctions from both unsorted and chirality-enriched SWCNTs. Through measured structure/processing/property relationships, we quantify the influence of SWCNT purity, alignment and residual doping on device performance and diode characteristics. Our results show that mixed-type unaligned SWCNTs processed in super-acid solvents can achieve state-of-the-art performance. The devices perform comparably to those fabricated from type or chiral-purified SWCNTs, despite what appear to be significant deviations from ideal diode behavior. Our results clarify a direct route for processing nanotube-silicon heterojunctions while providing additional insight into the underlying nature of these devices.
Knowledge and behavior related to infection of HIV /AIDS among drug users in Shenyang city

Objective To investigate humman immunodeficiency virus( HIV) /syphilis /hepatitis C virus( HCV) related knowledge,behavior and infection rates among the drug users in Shenyang city. Methods A questionnaire sruvey was carried out among 400 drug users by trained medical professionals. The information on social demographic characteristics,HIV / AIDS awareness,and high risk behavior were collected and blood samples were detected for HIV / syphilis /HCV infection. Results The most of the drug users had no comprehensive knowledge about AIDS and only 50. 8% of them answered the 8 questions about AIDS correctly. Among the drug users,32. 3% had commercial sex and only 21. 7%of them used condom consistently. For the drug users 35. 0% reported intravenous drug use and 30. 7% shared syringe with others. The prevalence of HIV,syphilis,and HCV infection was 1. 0%,6. 3%,and 15. 5%,respectively. Conclusion There is a great risk of HIV transnission among the drug users in Shenyang city and HIV,syphilis,and HCV infection rates are relatively high among the drug users. Intravenous drug use,syringe sharing,commercial sex,and other risk behaviors are also prevalent.
Sex Differences in Young Adults’ Attraction to Opposite-Sex Friends: Natural Sampling versus Mental Concepts

When young adults are asked to either think of an opposite-sex friend or bring an opposite-sex friend to the lab, men report much more attraction to their friend than women do (Bleske-Rechek et al. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29: 569–596, 2012; Kaplan and Keys Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14: 191–206, 1997). In two studies, we utilized a naturalistic sampling strategy to obtain our friendship dyads. We approached and surveyed male-female dyads who were lounging at a university student center and found that the mean difference between male and female friends’ attraction to one another was weak and statistically unreliable. We speculated that the opposite-sex friends that men and women find themselves with in their everyday life might be different from the opposite-sex friends who come to mind when asked by researchers to think of their friends. Men’s and women’s mating adaptations, which differ particularly in attention to attractiveness and proclivity toward short-term sex, might be reflected in how men and women conceptualize opposite-sex friends; hence, previous studies may have documented a stronger sex difference in attraction because men and women in those samples had different types of people in mind when they thought about opposite-sex friends. To test that possibility, we asked young adults to “think of an opposite-sex friend” and then choose descriptors for that person. Men less often than women characterized the person as “a friend” and more often than women characterized the person as someone they were “attracted to.” We conclude that men’s and women’s everyday experiences with opposite-sex friends differ from their mental conceptions of opposite-sex friends.
To intensify basic external insulation level of power system-fundamental way for prevention of large-scale pollution flashover

According to the historical experiences of the large-scale pollution flashover in China power systems,this paper presents the suggestionstoadjustthecurrentexternalinsulationdesignstandardsandcleaningrules.Itisemphasizedthattheeffectiveanti-pollutionflashover design should not depend on cleaning and the values of pollution levels,and should make use of the saturated ESDD.
Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Unilateral Pulmonary Artery Anomalous Origin of the Infants

Purpose To explore the value of ultrasound in diagnosing unilateral pulmonary artery anomalous origin of the infants. Materials and Methods Echocardiography of five infants with unilateral pulmonary artery anomalous origin diagnosed by ultrasound and confirmed with multislice spiral CT(MSCT) or surgery were retrospectively analyzed, and ultrasound characteristics of unilateral pulmonary artery anomalous origin were summarized. Results In all the five infants, three cases appeared as anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta;one case appeared as pulmonary artery sling and one case as right pulmonary artery absence. Ultrasound characteristics were: no bifurcation in distal pulmonary artery, main trunk of pulmonary artery was only continuous to its left branch, right pulmonary artery originated in the ascending aorta was defned as anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta; unable to detect the contralateral pulmonary artery with repeated multi-slice observation was defined as right(left) pulmonary artery absence;left pulmonary artery originated from middle or distal segment of right pulmonary artery was defined as pulmonary artery sling. Conclusion Ultrasound has the advantages of convenience, non-invasiveness, repeatability and the capability of detecting the other concurrent congenital heart abnormalities, is able to diagnose unilateral pulmonary artery anomalous origin in infants, thus will contribute to the early clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment and should be used as the preferred diagnosis method of this disease.
Pin it for Yourself: Women’s Health and Fitness Content on Pinterest

The current study examined content and images in Pinterest’s Health & Fitness category. Unlike women’s magazines, Pinterest content has no editors deciding what content appears; instead, users generate and share content directly with other users. Findings indicated that Pinterest users more frequently see models with more realistic body types, as opposed to the ultra-thin models presented by traditional women’s magazines. Thin models received fewer repins and likes, indicating negative feedback from users on excessively thin models in exercise and health content. Additionally, the majority of content focused on exercise, with a lesser emphasis on recipes and general health. Pinterest may represent a space for women, controlled by women.
Fully microscopic modeling of mode locking in microcavity lasers

Microscopic many-body theory is employed to analyze the mode-locking dynamics of a vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser with a saturable absorber. The quantum wells are treated microscopically through the semiconductor Bloch equations and the light field using Maxwell’s equations. Higher-order correlation effects such as polarization dephasing and carrier relaxation are approximated using effective rates fitted to second Born–Markov evaluations. The theory is evaluated numerically for vertical external cavity surface-emitting lasers with resonant periodic gain media. For a given gain, the influence of the loss conditions on the very-short pulse generation in the range above 100 fs is analyzed. Optimized operational parameters are identified.
Illiquid Capital: Are Conservation Easement Payments Reinvested in Farms?

Agricultural conservation easements have positive externalities but few studies examine the supply-side. This paper explores whether easements may also overcome a credit-market failure, as banks may not be lending based on the full developed value of land. Original survey data test our research hypotheses and show profitable owners and nonoperators to be using easement payments to extract capital from their land by using the preservation programs as a bank. The results also show that the unprofitable owners and operators are reinvesting in their agricultural enterprises. Both results are consistent with an underlying credit-market failure, and the latter suggests that easements may provide indirect efficiency enhancement. The results suggest an integration of policies on agricultural finance and land preservation might lead to improved efficiency.
Outcomes With Left Bundle Branch Block and Mildly to Moderately Reduced Left Ventricular Function.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to define the prognosis for patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and a mildly to moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (36% to 50%) as well as to clarify whether LBBB remained a negative prognostic marker in this group. Background LBBB is associated with worse outcomes in patients with heart failure in the setting of severely reduced LVEF. The level of morbidity and mortality associated with LBBB in the setting of a mildly to moderately reduced LVEF (36% to 50%) has not been clearly characterized. This knowledge is important to clarify the potential benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy in this group. Methods All patients identified as having an LBBB from 1994 to 2014 were included in the study if they had a baseline echocardiogram within 1 year and an LVEF between 36% and 50%. A control group without intraventricular conduction abnormality matched on age, sex, baseline LVEF, and date of echocardiogram was created. Outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Results Of 1,436 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 54% were male. Mean age was 67 ± 13 years, and mean LVEF at baseline was 44 ± 4%. There was no difference in baseline heart failure diagnosis between groups. There were significantly higher rates of baseline coronary artery disease in the control group and higher rates of aortic stenosis in the LBBB group. LBBB was associated with significantly worse mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00 to 1.36), an LVEF drop to 35% or less (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.63), and the need for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.10). Mortality remained significantly higher in the LBBB group when controlled for heart failure, coronary artery disease, and aortic stenosis (p = 0.04). Conclusions Patients with a mildly to moderately reduced LVEF and LBBB have poor clinical outcomes that are significantly worse than those for patients without conduction system disease. This group may obtain benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy and deserves to be studied in prospective trials.
Knowledge-based Management and Control of Communications Networks

An environment for creating "expert systems without experts" is being developed for knowledge-based management and control of communications networks. It uses a network simulator in conjunction with a knowledge engineering environment for the experimental development and evaluation of control knowledge. A survivable packet radio network is being used as a demonstration problem, and two levels of network operations have been demonstrated in simulations. One simulation demonstrated knowledge-based network configuration and routing initialization at the "control level," and the other demonstrated network-wide operations at the "traffic level". The traffic-level simulator was also used for speed comparisons of various software and hardware implementations, including IntelliCorp's KEE on a LMI Lambda and a Symbolics 3675, and CACI's SIMSCRIPT on a VAX-11/780, an IBM PC/XT and an IBM AT.
Amidation of Polyesters Is Slow in Nonaqueous Solvents: Efficient Amidation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane in Water for Generating Multifunctional Surfaces

This paper describes surface functionalization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by transamidation of the ester groups with primary amines. The use of water as a solvent improves tremendously the reaction rate and yield compared to conventionally used alcohols. In this study, PET films were exposed to an aqueous solution of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), which resulted in ester-to-amide reactions on the surface of the film. Hydrolysis of the resulting ethoxy moieties in APTES creates hydroxyl groups that can be used as anchoring points for further modification of PET films. This scheme offers an alternative approach to modify polyesters using water as the solvent.
The Impact of Website Design Dimensions on Online Brand

Despite exponential growth in e-commerce, there is limited research on its potential effect on online brand trust, website design factors, and consumer online purchase intentions.
Experimental Studies of Membrane Shear Transfer

The transfer of shear in cracked concrete by the mechanism of surface roughness interlock (aggregate interlock) is examined by tests in 16 large concrete specimens. The blocks were designed to simulate segments of the wall of a nuclear containment vessel carrying seismic membrane shear. Each specimen is precracked and the two halves are separated by a given crack width (0.762 mm) and held in position with four external restraint rods. Cyclic, reversing shear stress is applied for 25 to 55 cycles. For specimens with 240 sq in. (1,550 cm²) of shearing area, with a preset crack width of 0.030-in. (0.762 mm), and made with ASTM No. 467 aggregate, the amount of shear plane slip after 25 cycles of shear loading of ±τ is δ x 10 -4 in./psi (7.36τ x 10 -4 cm/N/cm² for 1.375-in. (3.50 cm) restraint rods (for τ ± 160 psi (110 N/cm²)), and δ = 3.2τ x 10 -4 in./psi (11.8 FGt x 10 -4 cm/N/cm²) for 1-in. (2.54 cm) rods (for τ ± 120 psi (83 N/cm²)).
An Overview of Recent Results on Modeling for Control

Abstract The behavioral approach to exact modeling leads to the concept of generating systems or MPUM’s. It turns out that all exact models are parametrized by means of a feedback interconnection of a generating system with an arbitrary system. This approach has been extended in [3] to the approximate modeling case. The main tool for achieving this is the Hankel norm approximation applied to the generating system. This set-up has the additional feature that it allows us to address at the same time the control problem, with little additional effort.
Histopathological evidence of neoplastic progression of von Meyenburg complex to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Von Meyenburg complex (VMC) is generally thought to be benign, although its preneoplastic potential for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCC) has been a subject of contention. We retrospectively reviewed 86 hepatectomy specimens with a diagnosis of iCC. Morphologically, an association between iCC and VMC was appreciated in 35% of cases that illustrated a gradual neoplastic progression from benign VMC to dysplasia and then to iCC. Among them, 24 cases had VMC lined by epithelial cells with low-grade biliary dysplasia and 13 with high-grade biliary dysplasia. VMC-associated iCCs were smaller in size and well to moderately differentiated, with features of anastomosing glandular architecture, ductal carcinoma in situ-like growth pattern, peritumoral lymphocytic infiltrate, central fibrous scar, and complete pushing border. They often presented as T1 tumors. In contrast, non-VMC-associated iCCs were moderately to poorly differentiated with solid, cribriform or papillary growth patterns. They likely exhibited necrosis, perineural invasion, positive surgical margin, lymphovascular invasion, and high T stage. Additionally, Ki67 and p53 immunostains support the continuing neoplastic evolution from benign VMC to dysplasia and then to iCC. VMC could become neoplastic, serving as an in situ carcinoma lesion to transform to iCC. The underlying molecular alteration and clinical implication of this neoplastic transformation deserves further investigation.
Models Don’t Decompose That Way: A Holistic View of Idealized Models

AbstractMany (if not most) accounts of scientific modelling assume that models can be decomposed into the contributions made by their accurate and inaccurate parts. These accounts then argue that t...
Metacarpal Lengthening in Adults With Brachymetacarpia.

Background Metacarpal lengthening by distraction osteogenesis has been well documented in pediatric patients but limited in older patients. Fewer studies have assessed the success of the procedure through outcome measure scores. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of distraction osteogenesis in skeletally mature adults with brachymetacarpia and patients' perspectives on their satisfaction through outcome measure scores. Methods Retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of metacarpal lengthenings for the treatment of brachymetacarpia was performed. Key parameters collected include starting metacarpal length, amount lengthened, range of motion of metacarpophalangeal joint, type of fixator used, distraction time, and total time in fixator. Relevant comorbidities and complications encountered were recorded as well. The Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) and Limb Deformity Modified Scoliosis Research Society (LD-SRS) score were given to evaluate patients' perspectives on their satisfaction of surgery. Results Seven metacarpal lengthenings were performed in 4 adult females (average age: 22.8 years) between 2005 and 2016. The average amount lengthened was 1.5 cm (range, 1.2-2.1 cm), corresponding to a mean percent lengthening of 44.4% (range, 33.3%-57.1%). The mean distraction rate was 0.432 mm/day (range, 0.286-0.724 mm/day). The mean distraction time was 38 days (range, 28-55 days). External fixation index was 71.8 days/cm (range, 53.5-99.2 days/cm). No functional loss was observed. Conclusions Progressive distraction osteogenesis can obtain functionally successful results and improvement in aesthetics and body image without severe complications in skeletally mature adults with brachymetacarpia.
Management of the Chronic Radiation Wound

Chronic radiation effects usually present as wound complications a number of years after a course of radiation therapy. Wound excision and coverage are described in detail. With new techniques of administering radiation therapy, it is hoped that fewer complex wound problems will present in the future.
Brief Report: Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of AMG 811, a Human Anti-Interferon-γ Antibody, in Patients With Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). This study sought to evaluate a single dose of AMG 811, an anti-IFNγ antibody, in patients with DLE. Methods The study was designed as a phase I randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of the pharmacodynamics, safety, and clinical efficacy of AMG 811 in patients with DLE. Patients received a single subcutaneous dose of AMG 811 (180 mg) or placebo. The patients in sequence 1 received AMG 811 followed by placebo, while those in sequence 2 received placebo followed by AMG 811. Pharmacodynamic end points included global transcriptional analyses of lesional and nonlesional skin, IFNγ blockade signature (IGBS) transcriptional scores in the skin and blood, keratinocyte IFNγ RNA scores, and serum levels of CXCL10 protein. Additional end points were efficacy outcome measures, including the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index, and safety outcome measures. Results Sixteen patients with DLE were enrolled in the study (9 in sequence 1 and 7 in sequence 2). AMG 811 treatment reduced the IGBS score (which was elevated in DLE patients at baseline) in both the blood and lesional skin. The keratinocyte IFNγ RNA score was not affected by administration of AMG 811. Serum CXCL10 protein levels (which were elevated in the blood of DLE patients) were reduced with AMG 811 treatment. The AMG 811 treatment was well tolerated but did not lead to statistically significant improvements in any of the efficacy outcome measures. Conclusion AMG 811 treatment led to changes in IFNγ-associated biomarkers and was well tolerated, but no significant clinical benefit was observed in patients with DLE.