cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interdigestive canine pancreatic juice composition and pancreatic reflux and pancreatic sphincter anatomy.

Canine and human exocrine pancreatic secretion into the duodenum during fasting is cyclical and related to intestinal motility. To characterize the composition of pure pancreatic juice during the cyclically recurring sequence of propagated motor events (interdigestive motor complex) and to establish whether pancreatic reflux occurs, dogs were prepared with three permanent indwelling duodenal catheters and a pancreatodochal cutaneous catheter. The duodenal catheters were used to record duodenal pressures and measure pancreatic secretion of trypsin, lipase, and bicarbonate, based on the recovery of a constantly perfused marker, [14C]PEG. Pancreatic duct pressures or pancreatic juice concentrations of [14C]PEG, trypsin, lipase, or bicarbonate (done separately in each of five dogs throughout one interdigestive cycle on 4 different days) were related to duodenal motor activity. Finally, the pancreatic duct orifice of freshly sacrificed dogs was examined by light and electron microscopy. During fasting, (1) pancreatic volume secretion increased 10-fold during phases II, III, and IV (P<0.001), and bicarbonate concentration increased during phases III and IV (P<0.05) compared with phase I, while trypsin and lipase concentrations did not change; (2) reflux of duodenally perfused [14C]PEG into the pancreatic duct occurred in two of five dogs and was minimal (<0.1%); and (3) a positive mean pressure gradient from duodenum to pancreatic duct occurred only during phase III (7.4±4.1 cm H2O). Anatomic studies of the pancreatic duct opening showed a specialized papillary mucosa and an independent crescentic sphincter muscle. We conclude that during fasting, pancreatic juice composition is intimately linked to the different phases of interdigestive intestinal motor activity and that an efficient antireflux mechanism exists.
Goodness-of-fit analysis for lumber data

Four different probability distributions were studied to evaluate their relative goodness-of-fit in describing the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of populations of dimension lumber. The distributions under consideration were the normal, lognormal, Weibull and Johnson's SB. The populations of lumber consisted of 96 data sets of various species groups, mechanical properties, sizes, structural grades and growth regions. The goodness-of-fit criteria selected in this study were the log likelihood, Kimball and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) tests. The K-S statistic was also calculated at the value of the random variable associated with the lower five percent exclusion limit of the empirical cumulative distribution. This value indicated the degree of goodness-of-fit at the lower tail of the distribution. The results indicated that the SB distribution generally provided the best fit to the data. The maximum likelihood test overwhelmingly recommended the SB distribution. The Kimball and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests gave milder endorsements of the SB distribution. No distribution proved to be superior to the others in modeling the lower five percent exclusion limit of the populations.
"Cultural cognition": what mental health researchers and clinicians might learn from the climate change debate.

Individuals lack the time to collect and evaluate all of their own evidence about the world, so they often rely on their cultural values and experts who they perceive as sharing those values. “Cult...
Politics as a Moderator of the Accountability–Job Satisfaction Relationship: Evidence Across Three Studies

The current study examined the interactive relationship between felt accountability and organizational politics perceptions on job satisfaction in three samples, which included employees in a wide array of work settings. We hypothesized that job satisfaction would decline (increase) as felt accountability became more intense for those perceiving heightened (limited) levels of politics. After controlling for demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, and organizational tenure), affectivity (e.g., negative and positive), and nonlinear main effect terms (e.g., felt accountability2 and politics perceptions2), results supported the study's hypothesized relationship. Namely, findings indicated that accountability predicted unfavorable levels of job satisfaction when coupled with heightened politics perceptions. Implications of results for theory and practice, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are provided.
Deficiency of erythrocyte sodium pump activity in bipolar manic-depressive psychosis.

Abstract The mean sodium pump activity in erythrocytes of 25 subjects with a history of bipolar manic-depressive disorder was significantly lower than that of 44 control subjects. A lower mean sodium pump activity was manifest during both the active manic phase of the disease and during remission. It was not due to medication with either lithium or phenothiazines. There was a large overlap of individual values with individual control values, indicating that the assay is not, at present, of use for diagnostic purposes.
A high aspect ratio design approach to millimeter-wave HEMT structures

In MESFET and HEMT structures as the gate length is reduced below 0.5 µm in an attempt to achieve amplification at highest possible frequencies, it is essential that the depletion depth under the gate be also reduced in order to preserve a high aspect ratio that ensures a high device voltage gain factor (g m /g 0 ) and a reasonable value of stable power gain at high frequencies. Results based on this design approach indicate that an n-A1GaAs/GaAs HEMT structure with 0.25-µm gate length could provide stable power gain in excess of 6 dB at the unity current gain frequency of 92.4 GHz, and for an aspect ratio of ten it is difficult to reduce the gate length below 0.25 µm.
Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters. I. Dynamics and the Origin of Low-Mass Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster

Early-type dwarfs are the most common galaxy in the local universe, yet their origin and evolution remain a mystery. Various cosmological scenarios predict that dwarf-like galaxies in dense areas are the first to form and hence should be the oldest stellar systems in clusters. By using radial velocities of early-type dwarfs in the Virgo cluster we demonstrate that these galaxies are not an old cluster population but have signatures of production from the infall of field galaxies. Evidence of this includes the combined large dispersions and substructure in spatial and kinematic distributions for Virgo early-type dwarfs and a velocity dispersion ratio with giant ellipticals expected for virialized and accreted populations. We also argue that these galaxies cannot originate from accreted field dwarfs, but must have physically evolved from a precursor population, of different morphology, that fell into Virgo some time in the past.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis in a fetus at risk for methylmalonic acidemia

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal Mendelian disorders can benefit from noninvasive approaches using fetal cell-free DNA in maternal plasma. Detecting metabolic disorders before birth can result in immediate treatment postpartum in order to optimize outcome. We developed a mathematical model and an experimental methodology to analyze the case of a fetus with a 25% risk of inheriting two known mutations in MUT that cause methylmalonic acidemia. To accomplish this, we measured allelic counts at the mutation sites and the fetal fraction from high minor-allele-frequency single-nucleotide polymorphism positions. By counting linked alleles, the test was able to distinguish 11 positive markers from the negative controls and thereby determine whether or not the mutations carried by the parents were inherited by the fetus. For a homozygous fetus, the Z-score of the mutation site was 5.97, whereas the median Z-score of all the linked alleles was 4.56 when all negative (heterozygous) controls had a Z-score <2.5. The application of this methodology for diagnosing methylmalonic acidemia shows that this is a cost-effective and noninvasive approach to diagnosing known mutations related to Mendelian disorders in the fetus. Genet Med 16 7, 564–567.
Public Sector Crowding Out of Private Provision of Public Goods: the Influence of Differences in Production Costs:

This article introduces differentials in the production costs in the public and private sectors to models of public and private provision of public goods. The result of this exercise is to show that imperfect crowding out of private provision by public provision may occur even when the contributors are perfectly altruistic. Moreover, contrary to Andreoni's assertion that impure altruism is sufficient for less than perfect crowding out, the results of this analysis demonstrate that perfect crowding out is possible even when altruism is impure. Finally, the analysis shows that taxation of nondonors or taxation in excess of voluntary contributions is not sufficient to ensure that the public provision increases the total supply of the public good.
Drucker's strategic thinking process: three key techniques

Purpose – The astute observations of Peter Drucker – seminal management thinker, author and consultant who died in 2005–have influenced the strategic thinking of managers for decades. The author, a former colleague of Drucker's, believes that his meta‐thinking – that is, his pattern of thinking –offers executives especially valuable insights for improving the process of strategic analysis. The paper aims to look at several modern case studies using Drucker's favorite analysis techniques.Design/methodology/approach – The paper looks at three case studies that use Drucker's favorite analysis techniques.Findings – Built into his pattern of thinking are three techniques that Drucker used to consider almost every problem. Learning to apply these techniques can be extremely helpful to senior managers. Drucker was the alpha knowledge worker. His influence was global – altering the mindset of managers around the world. His lessons in strategic thinking are a model for all who practice strategic management or advi...
Histopathologic study following administration of liposome‐encapsulated hemoglobin in the normovolemic rat

Liposome encapsulated hemoglobin is being developed as an artificial resuscitative fluid for in vivo oxygen delivery. In the present report, we examine the effect of accumulation of liposome encapsulated hemoglobin on the structure of reticuloendothelial organs following administration of liposome encapsulated bovine hemoglobin in the normovolmic rat. We have also examined the administration of the liposome vehicle, tetrameric bovine hemoglobin, and liposome encapsulated bovine hemoglobin that has been lyophilized with 300 mM trehalose and rehydrated just before injection. Following injection into the tail vein, rats were sacrificed and liver, spleen, kidney, and lung harvested at 2 h, 24 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks for analysis. Gross pathologic findings of animals injected with liposome encapsulated hemoglobin showed statistically significant splenomegaly with a waxy parenchymal pallor at early time points. Microscopic findings indicate that the liver and spleen are principally involved with liposome encapsulated hemoglobin removal over the course of 24 h with transient cytoplasmic vacuolization in tissue resident phagocytes as evidenced by both light and electron microscopic examination. Presence of liposome encapsulated hemoglobin in these vacuoles was confirmed by oil red O and prussian blue stains. Splenic weight was observed to decline after 24 h but still remained significant above sham-treated controls at 2 weeks and could be correlated with increased hematopoietic activity. Other findings only in animals injected with lyophilized liposome encapsulated hemoglobin included transient loss of laminae rara in the basal lamina, poducyte fusion in the kidney, and small pulmonary infarcts in the lung over the course of 24 h. This latter finding may be associated with trapping of large particles or agglutinated liposome encapsulated hemoglobin. These data indicate that the administration of liposome encapsulated hemoglobin causes transient changes in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparison of isoplanatic angles derived from thermosonde and optical measurements

A comparison of isoplanatic angles derived from balloon- borne in-situ measurements of the index of refraction structure constant profiles and remote optical measurements of stellar intensity fluctuations using an isoplanometer is shown. Concurrent data taken over a six day period in the spring of 1986 show reasonably good agreement between the methods considering normal atmospheric variability. Possible reasons for differences between individual measurements are discussed.
Is mortality a good indicator of the clinical quality of National Health Service hospitals? A cross-sectional study of outlier trusts for mortality indices using quality dashboards.

ObjectivesThis study assessed whether the 14 National Health Service (NHS) acute trusts reviewed by Sir Bruce Keogh in July 2013 were performance outliers on the Acute Trust Quality Dashboard (ATQD...
Abstract machine LORAP II and experiments in process grain size determination for parallel execution of logic programs

The authors propose a distributed multiprocessor execution model, LORAP II, for parallel execution of logic programs. Each processor in the abstract machine is capable of supporting processes of variable grain sizes and is designed to be competitive with existing sequential implementations for deterministic cases. The authors present a set of experiments that establish the requirement for determining appropriate process grain sizes for effective parallel processing. Some heuristics are presented for compile time grain size determination. Some results from experiments using heuristics are presented that indicate a significant improvement in performance over a similar model (LORAP) supporting fine grain processes. >
Are organizational justice effects bounded by individual differences? An examination of equity sensitivity, exchange ideology, and the Big Five.

This study explored the extent to which two theoretically derived individual differences (equity sensitivity and exchange ideology) moderated the effects of injustice on behavioral reactions. Participants (N = 707) completed hypothetical vignettes that manipulated distributive, procedural, and interpersonal justice and assessed potential reactions in terms of task performance, citizenship, withdrawal, and counterproductive behavior. Results showed that exchange ideology, but not equity sensitivity, emerged as a significant moderator of several justice-outcome relationships. In addition, a usefulness analysis comparing the moderating potential of the more narrow equity sensitivity and exchange ideology variables to the broader Big Five revealed that the two narrow variables were more impactful moderators than were the Big Five, though these differences were because of the effects of exchange ideology.
"Wind illness' or somatic depression? A case study in psychiatric anthropology.

A 46-year-old mother with a history of chronic headaches and other symptoms, and a clinical diagnosis (in Western terms) of depression, ascribed her condition to non-observance of Chinese postpartum ritual. The characteristic features of "wind illness' are described. Western medicine proved useless but acupuncture was beneficial. The case underlines the importance of understanding the patient's own view of his/her illness and its causes in arriving at a correct diagnosis and intervening effectively: this is particularly true when the gap between the doctor's and the patient's cultures is wide. The value of the distinction between the disease (the pathological process, which may be universal) and an episode of illness (the personal and cultural construction of disease) is emphasized.
The risk of infection and malignancy with tumor necrosis factor antagonists in adults with psoriatic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background There is a need to better understand the safety of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in patients with psoriatic disease in whom TNF inhibitors are frequently used as monotherapy. Objective We sought to examine the risks of infection and malignancy with the use of TNF antagonists in adult patients with psoriatic disease. Methods We conducted a systematic search for trials of TNF antagonists for adults with plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. We included randomized, placebo-controlled trials of etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Twenty of 820 identified studies with a total of 6810 patients were included. Results were calculated using fixed effects models and reported as pooled odds ratios. Results Odds ratios for overall infection and serious infection over a mean of 17.8 weeks were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.33) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.40-1.21), respectively. When adjusting for patient-years, the incidence rate ratio for overall infection was 1.01 (95% CI 0.92-1.11). The odds ratio for malignancy was 1.48 (95% CI 0.71-3.09) and 1.26 (95% CI 0.39-4.15) when nonmelanoma skin cancer was excluded. Limitations Short duration of follow-up and rarity of malignancies and serious infections are limitations. Conclusions There is a small increased risk of overall infection with the short-term use of TNF antagonists for psoriasis that may be attributable to differences in follow-up time between treatment and placebo groups. There was no evidence of an increased risk of serious infection and a statistically significant increased risk in cancer was not observed with short-term use of TNF inhibitors.
Mechanism of action of cholera toxin on the opossum internal anal sphincter smooth muscle.

Cholera toxin (CTX), an activator of Gs protein, is an important pharmacological tool in G protein research. The effect and the mechanism of action of CTX in the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, inc...
Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Heart Disease in Apparently Healthy Adolescents

Objective. Comprehensive data are cur- rently unavailable on the prevalence of cardiac abnor- malities in children after the newborn/infant period. The present report describes the prevalence of echocardio- graphically detected cardiac disease in a cohort of ran- domly selected healthy junior high school children. Methods. The cohort for this report consists of 357 children (mean age: 13 years) randomly selected after blood pressure screening of 12 043 fifth through eighth grade students and having an echocardiographic exami- nation as part of a study of insulin resistance in child- hood. Results. A physical examination performed by a board-certified pediatrician reported no cardiac abnor- malities. However, echocardiography and Doppler stud- ies identified 13 (3.6%) children (7 males and 6 females), with previously unknown cardiac abnormalities, as fol- lows: abnormal mitral valve with mitral regurgitation (4), bicuspid aortic valve (2), atrial septal defect (2), coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula (1), patent ductus arte- riosus (1), pulmonary hypertension (1), cardiomyopathy (1), and pulmonary artery stenosis (1). Physical examina- tion performed by a pediatric cardiologist detected ab- normal cardiac findings in 7 (54%) of the children. Car- diac catheterization was required in 3 for additional diagnostic evaluation and in 2 for therapeutic interven- tion; 1 patient underwent open-heart surgery. Bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis was recommended in 8 (62%) of the 13 children. Conclusions. The results suggest that: 1) clinically significant cardiac disease in childhood is more preva- lent than previously reported; and 2) improved screening methods should be considered to detect asymptomatic but significant cardiac abnormalities that may result in long-term complications. Pediatrics 2000;105:815- 818; echocardiography, prevalence, incidence, heart disease, children. he prevalence of heart disease in children and adolescents has not been determined. Al- though studies in infants have shown a prev- alence of congenital heart disease of ;2 to 8 cases per 1000 live births in the United States, 1 and it has been estimated that the worldwide prevalence of congen- ital heart disease is ;4 to 12 per 1000 births, 2,3 similar population studies have not been performed in older children. Early detection of cardiac disease in children of all ages is important to prevent serious complications of what would otherwise be mild, and potentially easily corrected, disease and to institute prophylaxis of bac- terial endocarditis. The present report describes the prevalence of echocardiographically detected cardiac disease in a cohort of randomly selected healthy junior high school children. The results suggest that there are a significant number of children with un- detected cardiac disease and document the limita- tions of physical examination, even by trained pedi- atric cardiologists, in making the diagnosis.
Rice Bioinformatics: From Sequences to Applications

Rice genomics data are rapidly expanding in number and complexity. This is further intensified as the international collaboration aimed at sequencing the entire genome accelerates the release of sequence data to the public domain. An overview of available resources for processing, elucidating and propagating genomic information in rice is described here. As the genome sequencing nears its completion, the future challenges in rice bioinformatics lies in developing an informatics infrastructure that would facilitate integration across various data types and sources, and eventually lead to the development of viable strategies for improvement of rice and other major cereal crops.
Development and Validation of a Non-Linear Viscoelastic Viscoplastic Stress Model for a PFCB/PVDF Fuel Cell Membrane

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) in operating fuel cells are subjected to varying thermal and hygral loads while under mechanical constraint imposed within the compressed stack. Swelling during hygrothermal cycles can result in residual in-plane tensile stresses in the membrane and lead to mechanical degradation or failure through thinning or pinhole development. Numerical models can predict the stresses resulting from applied loads based on material characteristics, thus helping to guide the development of more durable membrane materials. In this work, a non-linear viscoelastic stress model based on the Schapery constitutive formulation is used with a Zapas-Crissman viscoplastic term to describe the response of a novel membrane material comprised of a blend of perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) ionomer and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Uniaxial creep and recovery tests are used to establish the time dependent linear viscoelastic modulus as well as the fitting parameters for the non-linear viscoelastic viscoplastic model. The stress model is implemented in a commercial finite element code, Abaqus®, to predict the response of a membrane subjected to mechanical loads. The stress model is validated by comparing predicted and experimental responses for membranes subjected to stress relaxation and multiple step creep loads in uniaxial tension.Copyright © 2012 by ASME and General Motors
Illumination instabilities in ZnO/HfO 2 thin-film transistors and influence of grain boundary charge

The illumination instabilities of nanocrystalline ZnO thin-film transistors (TFT) with HfO2 gate dielectrics are reported via zero gate bias multiwave length illumination stress method. TFT ID–VG curves exhibit a negative threshold voltage shift together with an increase in ID off current and increase in subthreshold slope with increasing photon energy and illumination time. Analysis of transistor characteristics indicates that one component governing negative threshold voltage shifts is a decrease in grain boundary-trapped charge areal density due to illumination. This relationship can be explained by conduction based on thermionic emission over potential barriers formed at the ZnO crystallite boundaries. ID off-state current trends with photon energy in a manner consistent with exponentially decreasing absorption below the conduction band edge.
Implicit Integration for Particle‐based Simulation of Elasto‐Plastic Solids

We present a novel particle-based method for stable simulation of elasto-plastic materials. The main contribution of our method is an implicit numerical integrator, using a physically-based model, for computing particles that undergo both elastic and plastic deformations. The main advantage of our implicit integrator is that it allows the use of large time steps while still preserving stable and physically plausible simulation results. As a key component of our algorithm, at each time step we compute the particle positions and velocities based on a sparse linear system, which we solve efficiently on the graphics hardware. Compared to existing techniques, our method allows for a much wider range of stiffness and plasticity settings. In addition, our method can significantly reduce the computation cost for certain range of material types. We demonstrate fast and stable simulations for a variety of elasto-plastic materials, ranging from highly stiff elastic materials to highly plastic ones.
Vaccine-Induced Antibodies Inhibit CETP Activity In Vivo and Reduce Aortic Lesions in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis

Using a vaccine approach, we immunized New Zealand White rabbits with a peptide containing a region of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) known to be required for neutral lipid transfer function. These rabbits had significantly reduced plasma CETP activity and an altered lipoprotein profile. In a cholesterol-fed rabbit model of atherosclerosis, the fraction of plasma cholesterol in HDL was 42% higher and the fraction of plasma cholesterol in LDL was 24% lower in the CETP-vaccinated group than in the control-vaccinated group. Moreover, the percentage of the aorta surface exhibiting atherosclerotic lesion was 39.6% smaller in the CETP-vaccinated rabbits than in controls. The data reported here demonstrate that CETP activity can be reduced in vivo by vaccination with a peptide derived from CETP and support the concept that inhibition of CETP activity in vivo can be antiatherogenic. In addition, these studies suggest that vaccination against a self-antigen is a viable therapeutic strategy for disease management.
Measurement, Classification, and Prediction of Paradigm Adherence of Marriage and Family Therapists

This study assessed the theoretical perspectives of marriage and family practitioners using the Paradigm Adherence Scale (PAS), which measures practitioner adherence to the psychological, systems, and social constructionist paradigms associated with marriage and family therapy. Results from a survey of clinical members of AAMFT ( N = 204) indicated that a majority of therapists were primarily adhering to the systems paradigm (43.6%) or practicing from a combination of paradigms (42.2%), while the social constructionism approach was used by a smaller but significant percentage of therapists (13.7%). Factors predicting membership in paradigm adherence groups included the current or most recent supervisor's preferred paradigm (most predictive), therapist gender, and years of clinical experience. While only 16.5% of the variance in paradigm adherence was accounted for by the set of predictor variables, this was viewed as having some practical significance in the difficult task of explaining choice and utiliza...
Impacts of Alternative Marketing Agreement Cattle Procurement on Packer Costs, Gross Margins, and Profits: Evidence From Plant-Level Profit and Loss Data

This work measures the impact of captive supplies, or cattle procured through alternative marketing agreements (AMAs), on meatpacker costs, gross margins, and profits. Confidential profit and loss data were examined from all the individual packing plants within the four largest packing firms for a 30-month period. Alternative marketing agreement use resulted in improved beef supply chain efficiency, product demand, and plant profitability. The slaughter and processing costs were lower for plants with higher volumes of AMA cattle relative to cash market cattle. Plants that slaughter cattle from AMA sources operated at higher volumes, had less variable volumes, and had lower average total costs per head because of the substantive economies of size. Plants that slaughter cattle from AMA sources also had higher gross margins and average profits per head. The general conclusion is clear: If policies are implemented that limit AMA use then packing industry efficiency would be negatively impacted. [EconLit Citation: Q130]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Race/Ethnicity and Family Contact Toward a Behavioral Measure of Familialism

Research from several disciplines has found that Latinos in the United States tend to score higher than other groups on measures of familialism. While most studies of Latino familialism use attitud...
The induction of ovulation in starving pullets using mammalian and avian gonadotropins.

Laying pullets deprived of all nourishment, except water and oyster shell grit, showed ovarian degeneration and cessation of ovulation within 72 hours. Injections of gonadotropins prevented ovarian degeneration and, in some cases, induced regular daily ovulations for 8 or more days after removal of food. With the limited range of doses investigated, intramuscular injections of dried chicken anterior pituitary glands were more effective in causing daily ovulations than was a combination of intramuscular injections of mammalian follicle stimulating hormone with intravenous injections of mammalian luteinizing hormone. There was a progressive decline in the weight of yolks ovulated by starved, hormone-supported pullets. It is suggested that failure to lay in the starved pullet is primarily due to failure of the pituitary to secrete adequate gonadotropins. The possibility that less extreme dietary deficiencies affect egg production via pituitary function is discussed briefly.
Islamic And Conventional Equity Indices: An Examination Of Cointegration And Hedging

Linkages between the Islamic Stock Indices, the Indices of Europe, Asia, US, UK, and Japan, and those of the emerging markets are empirically analyzed. Using methodologies that account for idiosyncratic factors in the data, evidence of linkages are found between large stock markets of Europe, Asia, US, and UK. Emerging markets indices show clear insulation from the Islamic indices. Although, emerging markets follow the Islamic based investment approach, other aspects such as economic factors as well as the size of the industry have dissimilarities. Hence, strategies for hedging or diversification, particularly in the long-run can be developed. If emerging market indices are combined with the indices of other markets, there may be considerable risk reduction with such a strategy.
Teaching Behaviorally Disordered Adolescents to Use Self-Management Skills for Improving the Completeness, Accuracy, and Neatness of Creative Writing Assignments

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a self-management procedure known as WATCH that was designed to teach adolescents with learning and behavior problems to improve the complete...
Observability and Dual Systems

In studying controllability or complete controllability of a linear system S, only the control differential (or difference) equation in the state-space description of S has to be investigated. In this chapter the concept of “observability” is introduced and discussed. The problem is to deduce information of the initial state from knowledge of an input-output pair over a certain period of time. The importance of determining the initial state is that the state vector at any instant is also determined by using the state-transition equation. Since the output function is used in this process, the observation equation must also play an important role in the discussion.
Modeling structures and vibrational frequencies for dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) with density functional theory.

The biochemical and physiological importance of nitric oxide (NO) in signaling and vasodilation has been studied for several decades. The discovery of both protein-bound and free low molecular weight dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) suggests that such compounds might play roles in biological NO storage and transport. These complexes have important distinguishing spectroscopic features, including EPR and Mossbauer spectra, and NO vibrational frequencies (ν((NO))). The latter are particularly sensitive to modifications of the ligand environment and metal oxidation states. Examinations of functionals and basis sets delineate their effect on the NO vibrational frequencies and allow development of a methodology to calculate these frequencies in other DNICs. Three complexes of the form (L)(CO)Fe(NO)(2) (L = CO, N,N'-dimethyl-imidazol-2-ylidene (IMe) or 1-methylimidazole (MeImid)), where {Fe(NO)(2)}(10) is in its reduced form, have been used to calibrate the vibrational frequencies. The functional BP86 paired with a basis set of SDD/ECP on the metal and 6-311++G(d,p) on the ligand atoms exhibits the most accurate results, with deviations from experimental vibrational frequencies of no more than ±40 cm(-1). Subsequent investigations were performed on a series of diiron trinitrosyl complexes of the form {Fe(NO)}(7)-{Fe(NO)(2)}(9) bridged by sulfurs, namely, [(ON)Fe(μ-S,S-C(6)H(4))(2)Fe(NO)(2)](-), [Fe(NO)(2){Fe(NS(3))(NO)}-μ-S,S'], and [(ON)Fe(bme-dach)Fe(NO)(2)-μ-S,S'](+), with the ideal functional/basis set pair determined via the aforementioned test set. The ground state energetics (singlet/triplet/singlet, respectively), geometric parameters, and nitrosyl vibrational frequencies were calculated. The results for the former two complexes correlated well with the experimental work, and in contrast with what was reported in an earlier computational study, a stable triplet ground state structure was optimized for [Fe(NO)(2){Fe(NS(3))(NO)}-μ-S,S']. For [(ON)Fe(bme-dach)Fe(NO)(2)-μ-S,S'](+), whose synthesis and structure were recently reported, the geometric parameters, vibrational frequencies, and total energies compare well to experimental ones and favor a singlet ground state.
On Two Classes of Quasi-Orthogonal Numbers

(1965). On Two Classes of Quasi-Orthogonal Numbers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 602-607.
The Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis on the Factor of Food Danger in Zhongshan City

Objective To investigate the status of food hygiene and the f actors of food contamination in Zhongshan city, and to provide basis for improvi ng food hygiene and food safety. Methods Food hygiene and epidemiological inves tigations were conducted. Results The passing rate of food quality control in Z hongshan city from 2000～2003 was above 87% in each year. The passing rate in di fferent categories of food varied, and was the lowest in meat and meat products. There was significant difference in the passing rate between the food producing industry and food trading industry. There was significant difference in the fac tors of food dangers including microbes, heavy metals, pesticide and insecticide , between different manufacture techniques. Conclusion There were many dangero us factors of food danger in Zhongshang city. We should strengthen the supervisi on in food industry and guarantee the food safety.
Screening Results of Tuberculin Test of 1900 Junior Middle School Students in a County of Cangzhou City

[Objective]To know the epidemic status of tuberculosis in junior middle school students in a county of Cangzhou city,so as to control the tuberculosis in school. [Methods]PPD screening was adopted. [Results]Among 1900 junior middle school students,the PPD positive rate was 13.74%,with the generally positive rate of 9.74% and the strongly positive rate of 4.11%.There was no significant difference in the generally positive rate between boys and girls(χ2=0.014,P0.05),and the difference in the strongly positive rate was not significant(χ2=1.18,P0.05).The prevalence of tuberculosis was 2.65‰,and there was no significant difference between boys and girls(χ2=0.31,P0.05). [Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and treatment in students with positive PPD,carry out the screening for tuberculosis regularly,reduce the occurrence and spread of tuberculosis in school,and improve the education of knowledge about tuberculosis in school.
Exploration on Method of Potassium in Milk Sample Determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Objective To explore the method of potassium in milk sample determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).Method The proteins and fats in milk samples were precipitated and isolated by TCA, and the filtrate were directly determined by FAAS at the second sensitive wore length of potassium ( 404.4 nm ).Results In the optimum condition, the linearity range of calibration curve of the potassium was 0.00-25.00 mg/L (r= 0.999? 9 ), and the relative standard deviation was 1.35%-1.96%, and the rate of recovery was 95.7%-103.1%.There was no significant difference compared with national standard method GB/T 5009.91—2003.Conclusion The method was simple, quick and accurate, and had a good reproduction and a satisfactory result.
Restricting the Range: Applications

Some general theorems on Markov chains are proved in Sections 2 through 6, using the theory developed in Chapter 1. In Section 7, there are hints for dealing with the transient case. A summary can be found at the beginning of Chapter 1. The sections of this chapter are almost independent of one another. For Sections 2 through 6, continue in the setting of Section 1.5. Namely, I is a finite or countably infinite set, with the discrete topology; and Ī = I for finite I, while Ī = I U {φ} is the one-point compactification of I for infinite I. There is a standard stochastic semigroup P on I,for which each i is recurrent and communicates with each j. For a discussion, see Section 1.4. The process X on the probability triple (Ω∞, P i ) is Markov with stationary transitions P, starting state i, and smooth sample functions. Namely, the sample functions are quasiregular and have metrically perfect level sets with infinite Lebesgue measure. For finite J ⊂ I, the process X J is X watched only when in J. This process has J-valued right continuous sample functions, which visit each state on a set of times of infinite Lebesgue measure. Relative to P i , the process X J is Markov with stationary transitions P J , and generator Q J = P′ J (0). For a discussion, see Section 1.6. Recall that X J visits states ξJ,0, ξJ,1, ... with holding times τJ,0, τJ,1 .... Recall that µ J (t) is the time on the X J -scale corresponding to time t on the X-scale, while γ J (t) is the largest time on the X-scale corresponding to time t on the X J -scale.
Spirituality and social work practice at historically Black colleges and universities

ABSTRACTIn 2011 the Council on Social Work Education Religion and Spirituality Work Group was organized “to promote social workers’ knowledge, values, and skills for ethical and effective practice that takes into account the diverse expressions of religion and spirituality among clients and their communities.” In this article we discuss how the mission, charters, and goals of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) addressed the domains of religion and spirituality from their inception. More specifically, the focus of this discussion is the epistemology of spirituality and religion at HBCUs from historical and contemporary perspectives. Content on the exploration of the related themes, religion and spirituality, as manifested in the curriculum, cultural milieu, and social environment of HBCUs will be described. Additionally, we document the role and influence of the African American community, church, and political insurgency. These forces, coupled with the inability or unwillingness of estab...
Alternative methods for the measurement of the minimal ductal diameter of a patent ductus arteriosus in a dog.

Abstract A two and half–year-old, 24 kg, spayed female German Shepherd was presented for evaluation of a suspected patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Transthoracic echocardiographic examination confirmed a left to right shunting PDA. Closure of the PDA was recommended, and the owners elected to have minimally invasive transcatheter closure of the PDA performed. Standard ductal angiography failed to provide adequate measurements of the minimal ductal diameter (MDD). Alternative methods of measuring the MDD using an angiography catheter and a balloon catheter were performed. The PDA was occluded using an Amplatz ® Canine Ductal Occluder without complication. Further evaluation of these techniques is needed to determine the accuracy, overall clinical efficacy, and safety of using alternative methods for the measurement of the MDD of a PDA.
HIV-1 Sequencing

There is a great interest in deep sequencing RNA virus populations, including HIV/SIV, influenza, hepatitis, and Ebola. The RNA polymerases that are critical for replication of many RNA viruses have much lower fidelity than DNA polymerases employed during genome replication [1]. This lower fidelity facilitates the accumulation of nucleotide variants into a progeny viral genome during each replication. This can have enormous consequences on immune evasion, zoonotic events, drug resistance, and pathogenesis [2–7]. With such an enormity of hypotheses to test, there has been an increasing interest in deep sequencing virus populations, and numerous methods have been developed alongside this interest. From a proteomics perspective, these accumulated viral polymorphisms can impact the degree of coverage one can obtain from a proteomics experiment. This chapter focuses exclusively on the evolution of deep sequencing HIV and SIV populations as a means to understand the genetic makeup of these virus populations that contributes to their behavior in vivo. With this understanding the reader should be able to learn how to obtain detailed sequence information to build custom databases that will inform their subsequent proteomics experiments.
Integrated Analysis System for Rural National Transit Database

Performance data are needed in transit performance analysis to help to identify and to prioritize problem areas for management actions. In the United States, the most comprehensive source of transit performance data has been the National Transit Database (NTD). First collected in 1978 for urban transit systems, the NTD has included data on transit organization characteristics, vehicle fleet characteristics, revenues and subsidies, operating and maintenance costs, vehicle fleet reliability and inventory, services consumed and supplied, and safety and security. In 2006, FTA expanded the NTD program to require reporting by rural transit agencies. The NTD data for rural systems for 2007 through 2013 have since been released. Because NTD data are collected and distributed annually, they are stored in separate files of varying formats, making them difficult to access for performance analysis, especially when multiple years of data are needed. This paper describes a web-based system designed to overcome this lim...
Intrusion detection using deep belief networks

With the advent of digital technology, security threats for computer networks have increased dramatically over the last decade being much bolder and brazen. There is a great need for an effective Intrusion Detection System (IDS) which are intelligent specialized system designed to interpret the intrusion attempts in incoming network traffic. Deep belief neural (DBN) networks proved to be the most influential deep neural nets and generative neural networks that stack Restricted Boltzmann Machines. In this paper, we explore the capabilities of DBN's performing intrusion detection through series of experiments after training it with NSL-KDD dataset. The trained DBN network now identifies any kind of unknown attack in dataset supplied to it and to the best of our knowledge this is first comprehensive paper performing intrusion detection using deep belief nets. The proposed system not only detect attacks but also classify them in five groups with the accuracy of identifying and classifying network activity based on limited, incomplete, and nonlinear data sources. The proposed system achieved detection accuracy about 97.5% for only fifty iterations that is state of art performance compare to the existing system till today for intrusion detection.
Statistically Efficient Passive Ranging Using Signal Intensity Observations From a Single Fixed Sensor

In this paper, a passive ranging problem with elevation angle, azimuth angle, and signal intensity measurements is presented. The signal intensity is inversely proportional to the squared distance between target and sensor. All measurements are obtained from a single fixed sensor and the emitted signal intensity is unknown. The observability is investigated through the Fisher information matrix (FIM) and Cramer–Rao lower bound. The maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator is used for the estimation of the trajectory of the target and the FIM is calculated numerically. The simulation results prove the feasibility of passive ranging using signal intensity measurements from a single stationary passive sensor. The estimates are shown to be statistically efficient.
Data availability as a key tool for regulating government-owned water utilities

Abstract This article examines factors that are important for data collection and information initiatives in the water sector, where government ownership and operation is usually the case. The problems are compounded for fragile, conflict-affected, and low income states. This study presents issues, potential actions, and supporting examples for monitoring and evaluating infrastructure utility performance. “Good practice” examples from developing countries are presented to illustrate the impacts of data availability on sector performance.
Investigations of Substrate-Selective Covalent Attachment for Genetically-Engineered Molecular Interconnects

Experimental investigations are presented regarding the surface-selective molecular selfassembly of fluorinated monochloroalkylsilane of the type (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl) dimethylchlorosilane (denoted F17) on silicon dioxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) surfaces. The goal is to investigate the controlled and selective surface self-assembly of these molecules as a potential route for substrate-selective covalent bonding of complex molecular assemblies to semiconductor substrates for on-chip interconnect and device applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray reflectivity (XRR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to investigate the selectivity of the F17 self-assembly. Contrary to previous reported results, a high degree of F17 monolayer attachment selectivity is consistently observed between SiO2 and Si3N4 substrates for all three of the aforementioned monolayer characterization methods.
Subcutaneous metastasis from recurrent basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

BackgroundEsophageal cancer is the 11th most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States. It is aggressive in nature and has an ability to spread rapidly through direct extension, lymphat...