cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility ofHeliothis zea (Boddie) larvae toNomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson

To determine the impact of α-tomatine at the third trophic level, the following model was developed:Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson, the secondary consumer, acting onHeliothis zea (Boddie), the primary consumer, fed an artificial diet modified with α-tomatine. In vitro, the allelochemical inhibited colony formation and growth of the fungus. The in vivo test revealed that larval growth and developmental time were affected by α-tomatine andN. rileyi. Detrimental effects on pupal development were observed in larvae fed diet containing α-tomatine and also treated withN. rileyi (LC90). The fungus was detected in the hemolymph and tissue of larvae treated with two lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) ofN. rileyi, including those fed α-tomatine. At the LC50, α-tomatine protected larvae againstN. rileyi and increased survivorship; at the LC90, it inhibited the development ofN. rileyi, thereby reducing production of conidia. Thus, the allelochemical α-tomatine retains its antifungal qualities beyond the second trophic level, inhibiting the development ofN. rileyi inH. zea.
Profitable versus unprofitable expansion of trauma and critical care surgery.

An early warning of an impending crisis in the specialty of trauma and critical care was the publication of a resident survey by Richardson and Miller in 1992.1 Since this seminal paper, there has been an awakening among trauma and critical care surgeons and their representative societies that the specialty is in danger of extinction as a result of the inability to attract young, bright, and dedicated individuals into its fold.2–5 The disaffection with the specialty includes its negative impact on personal lifestyle, its decreasing operative caseload, the unsavory group of patients cared for, the high disease risk, the high burnout risk, the increased medical–legal risk, and the inadequate reimbursement for the amount of work exerted and stress involved.5–8 As a result of these pressures, in 2002, the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), under the leadership of Ronald Maier, initiated a process to redefine the specialties boundary and work process.9 This effort culminated in 2004 with a proposal by the Association’s Future of Trauma Committee redefining the specialty’s boundary and recommending that the specialty petition, in a collaborative effort with other trauma and critical care societies, for advisory council status at the American Board of Surgery.10 Under the leadership of the AAST, the proposal outlined that the specialty of “trauma and critical care surgery” evolve into the specialty of “acute care surgery: trauma, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care.” The boundary of “emergency surgery” would include emergency general surgery, along with emergency vascular, thoracic, orthopaedic, and neurologic surgery. Currently, the Association’s Future of Trauma Committee is refining and standardizing a curriculum for training. Furthermore, in the winter of 2005, the Association was working collaboratively with the American Burn Association, the American College Surgeons Committee on Trauma, and the Society of Critical Care Medicine Surgical Section, successfully petitioning the American Board of Surgery for advisory council status.11,12 The overarching goals of these changes are to best serve the needs of patients, enhance operative experience, offer an attractive and sustainable career and lifestyle, and have the specialty become better recognized by the public and the profession be viewed as valuable. Our current study was undertaken to assess whether the addition of the specialty of emergency surgery will have a meaningful impact on the financial challenge that the specialty of trauma and critical care surgery has encountered, and whether the new specialty of acute care surgery: trauma, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care will need to deal with inadequate reimbursement for efforts exerted.
PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME POSITIVE ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, a short chromosome 22, is the most frequent cytogenetic abnormality in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It occurs in approximately 20% to 30% of adults and in about 5% of children with this disease. The incidence rises with age and occurs in approximately 50% of patients older than 50 years. This article reviews the treatment regimens for Ph+ ALL, including imatinib and second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The introduction of effective TKIs in the treatment of Ph+ ALL has introduced several avenues of research in a disease that was hitherto difficult to treat.
Differential hemodynamic effects of isoproterenol on mitral stenosis and left ventricular diseases.

Abstract Hemodynamic responses to the infusion of isoproterenol were studied in 37 patients, who were divided into four groups: those with tight mitral stenosis and a resting cardiac index of 2.0 L./min./M. 2 or greater; those with tight mitral stenosis and a cardiac index of less than 2.0 L./min./M. 2 ; those with predominant or pure mitral regurgitation; and those with other nonmitral left ventricular diseases. During infusion of isoproterenol the heart rate and cardiac index increased significantly in all groups, but the stroke index did not change significantly. An increase in pulmonary arterial and pulmonary “capillary” pressures of 20 per cent or more from the resting level was compatible with, but not diagnostic of, tight mitral stenosis, whereas a fall in pulmonary pressures during infusion of isoproterenol was strong evidence against critical mitral stenosis and favored a diagnosis of left ventricular disease. Although neither of the groups of patients with tight mitral stenosis increased stroke volume significantly during infusion of isoproterenol, patients with a resting cardiac index greater than 2.0 L./min./M. 2 displayed a significant increase in pulmonary pressures and apparent right ventricular stroke work; patients with a resting cardiac output of less than 2.0 L./min./M. 2 did not. Failure of this latter group of patients to increase systolic contractile force and apparent right ventricular stroke work during infusion of isoproterenol was attributed to a “myocardial inadequacy,” since there was no hemodynamic evidence for right ventricular failure, hypovolemia, or pulmonary vascular disease.
A separated flow model for predicting two-phase pressure drop and evaporative heat transfer for vertical annular flow

Abstract A separated flow model has been developed that is applicable to vertical annular two-phase flow in the purely convective heat transfer regime. Conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are used to solve for the liquid film thickness, pressure drop, and heat transfer coefficient. Closure relationships are specified for the interfacial friction factor, liquid film eddy-viscosity, turbulent Prandtl number, and entrainment rate. Although separated flow models have been reported previously, their use has been limited, because they were tested over a limited range of flow and thermal conditions. The unique feature of this model is that it has been tested and calibrated against a vast array of two-phase pressure drop and heat transfer data, which include upflow, downflow, and microgravity flow conditions. The agreements between the measured and predicted pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients are, on average, better or comparable to the most reliable empirical correlations. This separated flow model is demonstrated to be a reliable and practical predictive tool for computing two-phase pressure drop and heat transfer rates. All of the datasets have been obtained from the open literature.
Non-molecular Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Solids

Iota et al . ([1][1]) reported a new polymeric (non-molecular) phase of CO2 solid synthesized at high pressure (∼40 GPa in a diamond anvil cell) and at high temperature (∼1800 K by laser heating). Raman scatterings at various pressures were measured in situ, and the observed Raman frequencies
Analytical Assessment of Broviac Catheter Occlusion

Eight of 92 consecutive silastic central venous catheters used for home parenteral nutrition occluded. Six of the eight had patency restored by the instillation of urokinase or streptokinase into the catheter. The thrombus in one of the two catheters that was not reopened with thrombolytic agents was studied in detail by electron microscopy, x-ray dispersive analysis, solubility in isopropyl alcohol-diethyl ether (1:1, v:v), and thin-layer chromatography of extracted lipids. Electron microscopy found the clot to be an amorphous mass without features to suggest crystalline properties. The x-ray dispersive analysis showed that the only elements which were significantly increased were chloride and silicon and the silicon detected was likely from the underlying catheter. Treatment with isopropyl alcohol-diethyl ether left an insoluble, flaky residue that resembled protein from a thrombus. Thin-layer chromatography detected a lipid profile suggestive of circulating endogenous fat instead of the fat that was infused through the catheter.
Assessment of neuronal maturation and acquisition of functional competence in the developing zebrafish olfactory system

Olfactory coding at the level of the olfactory bulb is thought to depend upon an ensemble response of mitral cells receiving input from chemotopically-organized projections of olfactory sensory neurons and regulated by lateral inhibitory circuits. Immunocytochemical methods are described to metabolically classify neurons in the developing zebrafish olfactory system based on the relative concentrations of taurine, glutamate, GABA (and potentially other small biogenic amines) and a small guanidium-based cation, agmatine, which labels NMDA-sensitive cells by permeating through active ionotropic glutamate receptor channels. Using metabolic profiling in conjunction with activity dependent labeling we demonstrate that neuronal differentiation in the developing olfactory bulb, as assessed by acquisition of a mature neurochemical profile, and sensitivity to an ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist, NMDA, occurs during the second day of development. This experimental approach is likely to be useful in studies concerned with the development of glutamatergic signaling pathways.
Enchondromas in children: imaging appearance with pathological correlation

Objective Enchondromas are benign lesions that may present with nonspecific features on imaging in children. Correlation of histology with imaging findings is often required to make the final diagnosis of a benign lesion. The aim of this study was to review imaging and pathological findings of enchondromas in children.
Evaluating the effects of co-channel interference inwireless networks

The growing demand for wireless services has led to the introduction of new paradigms in spectrum sharing such as the unlicensed ISMand U-NII bands and dynamic or opportunistic spectrum access through cognitive radios. Coexistence of users in these technologies leads to increases in co-channel interference (CCI) which needs to be appropriately mitigated. CCI is often modeled as a white Gaussian noise process and assumed to simply reduce the signal-to-noise (plus interference) ratio. In this paper we consider the effect of CCI by a careful examination of the samples at the output of the matched filter receiver. We show that the timing offset between the interference and the desired signals may result in the correlation of errors in adjacent symbols. We evaluate the bit error rate (BER) resulting from CCI as well as the distribution of the total number of errors in a packet.
Antibody mediated neutralization of immunosuppression induced by mastocytoma ascites fluids.

SummaryImmunosuppression induced in vitro by cell-free ascites fluid from mastocytoma bearing mice was examined in regards to neutralization by antiserum prepared in rabbits. Serum from rabbits immunized with mastocytoma cell extracts or culture supernatants readily neutralized ascitic fluid from tumor-bearing animals in regards to immunosuppression of normal mouse spleen cells immunized in vitro with sheep red blood cells. Rabbit serum to normal mouse immunoglobulins had no neutralizing effect on the immunosuppressive ascitic fluid. Antisera to ascites fluid resulted in a sharply defined precipitin arc after immunoelectrophoresis which could not be abolished by absorption with normal DBA/2 serum. Thus the immunosuppressive factor present in ascites fluid, as well as in cell-free extracts and culture fluids of mastocytoma cells, appeared to be antigenically distinct from mouse immunoglobulins and readily neutralized by serum from rabbits immunized with various mastocytoma preparations.
Adrenal myelolipomas in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: review of the literature and a case report.

ABSTRACT Objective To review the association between congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and adrenal myelolipomas and report a case of bilateral, giant adrenal myelolipomas in a patient with untreated CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Methods We describe the patient’s clinical presentation, imaging findings, and laboratory test results and review the relevant English-language literature concerning patients with both CAH and myelolipomas. Results A 45-year-old man with untreated CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency presented with increasing abdominal girth and abdominal pain. Computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated very low-density adrenal masses (22 × 11 cm on the left side and 6 × 5.5-cm on the right side) consistent with adrenal myelolipomas. The left adrenal myelolipoma was resected (24.4 × 19.0 × 9.5 cm; 2557 g). The mass was composed of mature adipose tissue with areas of hematopoietic cells of myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cell lines. Islands of adrenal cortical cells were scattered between the adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Including the present case, we identified 31 patients with both CAH and myelolipomas who have been described in the English-language literature. The details of these cases were reviewed. Conclusions Persons with CAH may be at increased risk of developing adrenal myelolipomas, particularly if their CAH is poorly controlled. How and whether chronic exposure of the adrenal glands to high corticotropin levels increases the risk of developing myelolipomas remains a matter of speculation. (Endocr Pract. 2011;17:441-447)
Introduction to robot dynamics and control

A simple robot task is analyzed to show the numerous control problems that arise. For the control system designer, it is important to specify the appropriate control algorithm for execution of the specific subtasks as they occur.
Abstract 829: Down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Cisplatin is an effective anticancer drug used to treat many types of cancer, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLCs), but development of resistance is the primary impediment in cancer treatment. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is a secreted tumor suppressor that is inactivated in human lung cancer. IGFBP7 is known to alter sensitivity to interferon-based anticancer therapy, and here, we examined loss of IGFBP7 as a potential contributor to chemo-resistance to cisplatin. The transcriptional level of IGFBP7 was decreased in cisplatin-resistant human cancer cell lines and NSCLC xenografts. IGFBP7 knock-down increased cellular resistance to cisplatin and increased the level of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKP) 3 levels. The expression of MKP3 increased in a cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cell line and lung xenografts. MKP3 knock-down increased IGFBP7 level, indicating that MKP3 regulates IGFBP7. These findings suggest a novel molecular mechanism responsible for the tumor suppressive function of IGFBP7 in cisplatin-resistant human lung cancer and could lead to the development of IGFBP7 as a cisplatin-sensitizing agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 829. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-829
Flurprimidol Effects on Kentucky Bluegrass under Reduced Irradiance

Turf management in shaded conditions is difficult in part because the reduced irradiance causes excessive shoot elongation, reduced tillering and root growth, and weak plants exceptionally prone to damage. Successful installation of natural grass athletic fields in covered or shaded stadia require improved management procedures. The objective of this study was to determine if flurprimidol [α-(1- = -methylethyl)-α-[(trifluourmethoxy)phenyl]-5-pyrimidinemethanol], a gibberellic acid (GA)-biosynthesis inhibitor, could be used to increase turf quality for athletic fields in covered stadia and other reduced irradiance situations. Portable plots of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were established outdoors and moved inside a covered-stadium simulator facility (CSSF). Four rates of flurprimidol (0.56, 1.12, 1.68, and 2.80 kg ha -1 ) were compared against a control. Studies were conducted under ambient (equivalent to 2-3% full summer sunlight) and supplemental (equivalent to 9-18% full summer sunlight) irradiance. The turf was evaluated with and without simulated soccer traffic. Under ambient irradiance conditions, turf quality generally declined to unacceptable levels within 30 d, although the low rate of flurprimidol extended this period for up to 60 d. Supplemental irradiance provided turf of acceptable quality for up to 70 d and the low rate of flurprimidol extended this period for >100 d. Applications repeated within 30 to 40 d virtually stopped measurable shoot growth under all irradiance and traffic regimes. Flurprimidol did not affect turf shear resistance or rooting but did increase tillering. Low rates of flurprimidol should be useful for maintaining turf in reduced irradiance conditions because turf quality is enhanced with minimal risk of phytotoxicity.
Water-soluble nitric oxide-releasing gold nanoparticles.

The synthesis and characterization of water-soluble nitric oxide (NO)-releasing monolayer-protected gold clusters (MPCs) are reported. Tiopronin-protected MPCs (∼3 nm) were functionalized with amine ligands and subsequently exposed to 5 atm of NO to form diazeniumdiolate NO donors covalently bound to the gold MPC. Diazeniumdiolate formation conditions, NO-release, and nanoparticle stability were examined as a function of the structure of the protecting ligand, pH, and storage time. Despite their aqueous solubility, proton-initiated decomposition of the diazeniumdiolate-modified Tio-MPCs resulted in only modest NO-release (<0.023 μmol/mg) for short durations (<1.5 h). To increase the NO storage capacity of gold nanoparticles, polyamine-stabilized MPCs (∼5 nm) were synthesized with significantly enhanced NO-release properties (0.386 μmol/mg) and durations (up to 16 h). Transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and UV−vis spectr...
Image libraries and the Internet

Digital imaging is becoming a major information resource within the Internet. Although image access tools are primitive today, they are evolving rapidly. We look at content descriptor-based and pixel-based image queries for accessing large image libraries. The access methods will be combined and enhanced in future retrieval systems.
Representing fluxes in the atmospheric planetary boundary layer above heterogeneous surfaces

A numerical atmospheric model is used to evaluate the impact of landscape heterogeneities created by various topographical features and land-surface sensible heat flux on turbulent and mesoscale heat and momentum fluxes in the atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL). These simulations emphasize the importance of land-surface heterogeneity on the PBL and the need to provide high resolution data sets of land-surface characteristics for atmospheric models. Probably, remote sensing is the only realistic method to obtain these data sets. >
The representation of a temporal data model in the relational environment

In previous work, we introduced a data model and a query language for temporal data. The model was designed independently of any existing data model rather than an extension of one. This approach provided an insight into the special requirements for handling temporal data. In this paper, we discuss the implications of supporting such a model in the relational database environment. We show that the concept of a temporal relation needs to be introduced, and define a temporal normal form for it. We discuss several options for the representation of our model's constructs in the relational context, and explain why we chose a particular representation. We also suggest the concept of a temporal relation family as a virtual view to treat multiple temporal relations together.
Challenges in developing a molecular characterization of cancer.

Abstract DNA microarrays are widely used to measure gene expression across thousands of genes in parallel. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to utilize this technology to improve our understanding of cancer and to identify novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here, we detail some of the challenges in developing a molecular characterization of cancer and in translating these new discoveries towards clinical utility. Semin Oncol 29:280-285. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved .
Viral respiratory infections due to rhinoviruses: current knowledge, new developments

Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are among the most common reasons for which primary care providers are consulted. VRIs due to rhinoviruses-the most commonly implicated etiologic agent-constitute a syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of a cold. Rhinoviruses have been implicated in respiratory tract illnesses such as sinusitis and otitis media, as well as lower respiratory complications in high-risk populations. Most patients treat VRI with over-the-counter remedies that have been demonstrated to produce marginal clinical benefits. The development of novel antiviral agents has intensified interest in VRIs. Pleconaril, a capsid-function inhibitor currently under FDA review, has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the duration and severity of rhinovirus VRIs. By targeting the cause of illness, antiviral agents represent an opportunity to reduce the substantial clinical burden of VRI. Furthermore, effective therapies can potentially reduce inappropriate antibiotic use for viral infections.
Perinatal outcome after preterm premature rupture of membranes with in situ cervical cerclage

Abstract Objective: The presence of a cervical cerclage at the time of preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) could promote clinically evident infection and adverse pregnancy outcome. This cohort study examines whether the presence of cerclage at the time of pPROM is associated with increased maternal or neonatal inflammatory morbidity. Study Design: All singleton pregnancies with cerclage and pPROM between 24.0 and 33.9 weeks' gestation at our institution (January 1985-December 1997) were reviewed. Controls (pPROM without cerclage) were matched 2.5:1 by year of presentation. Outcome measures suggest clinical evidence of an infectious response and include maternal admission white blood cell count, time to onset of preterm labor, clinical chorioamnionitis, postpartum fever, neonatal white-matter disease (intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia) at less than 33 weeks, neonatal sepsis, and neonatal death. Results: One hundred fourteen cases of pPROM and cerclage were matched with 288 controls. The study had power (α =.05, power=0.8) to detect a two-fold difference in incidence of adverse neonatal outcome. Among the mothers, the incidence of clinical chorioamnionitis (14.0% vs 18.8%, P =.26), uterine activity at admission (33.3% vs 32.2%, P =.44), maternal postpartum fever (7.9% vs 7.6%, P =.93) in cerclage versus no cerclage were equivalent. Among the neonates, the incidence of neonatal white-matter disease (15.3% vs 13.7%, P =.75), neonatal sepsis (9.1% vs 6.0%, P =.21), and neonatal death were similar. Conclusion: Rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity were similar between both groups. The close overall similarity between the groups strongly suggest clinically insignificant differences between the two groups. These data indicate that a cervical cerclage at the time of pPROM less than 34 weeks does not adversely affect pregnancy outcome. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:1147-52.)
Divorce in Research vs. Divorce in Media

What is the case for divorce? Researchers in the sociology of family tend to find that divorce's impact depends on what the comparison is: compared to a distressed marriage, divorce has its benefits. Meanwhile, policy makers and general audiences alike get much of their information about divorce research via the news media, where the negative consequences of divorce tend to be exaggerated, especially when comparisons, selection bias, or other research issues are neglected. Over the past 20 years, U.S. news coverage of divorce illustrates two key, intertwined topics: moral entrepreneurship using divorce as an issue and divorce research using (or not) careful methods of comparison. Three cases discussed below (in 1988–1989, 2002–2004, and 2008) illustrate these two themes. The underlying research on the health and mental health effects (including by gender) of divorce on children and adults reviewed in this article makes a case for divorce. The overlay of media reporting on divorce research illuminates the purpose for offering a case for divorce.
Factor concentrates for the treatment of factor XIII deficiency

Factor XIII deficiency is a severe autosomal recessive bleeding disorder associated with a characteristic pattern of neonatal hemorrhage and a lifelong bleeding diathesis. Even relatively minor trauma can be followed by prolonged and recurrent bleeding. Intracranial hemorrhage is a frequent complication. With the development of safe and effective factor XIII concentrates, reliable prophylactic treatment is possible. Two plasma-derived, virus-inactivated factor XIII concentrates are currently in production. The first, Fibrogammin P, (Centeon LLC, King of Prussia, PA, USA; and Centeon Pharma GmbH, Marburg, Germany) is marketed in Europe, South America, South Africa, and Japan. It is distributed in the United States under a Food and Drug Administration Investigational New Drug Application. A second factor XIII concentrate (Bio Products Laboratory, Elstree, UK) is available for use only on a "named patient" compassionate basis in the United Kingdom. Patients with factor XIII deficiency who receive appropriately timed periodic infusions of such factor XIII concentrates are able to live normal lives, free from catastrophic bleeding episodes.
A geometric feature relation graph formulation for consistent sensor fusion

A generic framework that employs a sensor-independent, feature-based relational model, called the geometric feature relation graph (GFRG), to represent information acquired by various sensors is proposed. A GFRG consists of nodes representing 3-D geometric features and arcs denoting spatial relations between features. Sensor fusion is then accomplished by integrating multiple irregular GFRGs constructed by various sensors into a regular GFRG. A procedure is presented for identifying corresponding measurements of features in the presence of sensory uncertainty with geometric and topological constraints, and a nonlinear programming formulation for maintaining consistency in a network of relations is proposed. The Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions is applied to make topological constraints in achieving reliable identification. Optimal and heuristic solutions for maintaining consistency are presented. The heuristic solution has near-optimal performance with less computational complexity. Computer simulations verify the validity and performance of the framework. >
Bringing Technological Frames to Work: How Previous Experience with Social Media Shapes the Technology's Meaning in an Organization

This study examines the expectations that workers have regarding enterprise social media (ESM). Using interviews with 58 employees at an organization implementing an ESM platform, we compare workers' views of the technology with those of existing workplace communication technologies and publicly available social media. We find individuals' frames regarding expectations and assumptions of social media are established through activities outside work settings and influence employees' views about the usefulness of ESM. Differences in technological frames regarding ESM were related to workers' age and level of personal social media use, but in directions contrary to expectations expressed in the literature. Findings emphasize how interpretations of technology may shift over time and across contexts in unique ways for different individuals.
A comparative investigation of certain difference equations and related differential equations: Implications for model-building

Many mathematical models for physical and biological problems have been and will be built in the form of differential equations or systems of such equations. With the advent of digital computers one has been able to find (approximate) solutions for equations that used to be intractable. Many of the mathematical techniques used in this area amount to replacing the given differential equations by appropriate difference equations, so that extensive research has been done into how to choose appropriate difference equations whose solutions are “good” approximations to the solutions of the given differential equations.
UWM: A Simple Baseline Method for Identifying Attributes of Disease and Disorder Mentions in Clinical Text

In this paper the system that was developed by Team UWM for the Task 14 of SemEval 2015 competition is described. Task 14 included two tasks: Task 1 was identification of disorder mentions and their normalization, and Task 2 was identification of the following attributes for disorder mentions: the CUI of the disorder, negation indicator, subject, uncertainty indicator, course, severity, conditional, generic indicator, and body location. For Task 1, an earlier system was applied that uses Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) for disorder recognition and learned edit distance patterns for normalization. Task 2 was implemented by a simple method that finds the attribute terms around the disease mentions by matching them in the training data. Among all participants Team UWM was ranked fourth in Task 1, fourth in Task 2A (over gold-standard mentions) and third in Task 2B (over extracted mentions).
Simplification of the anisotropy-based inclination correction technique for magnetite- and haematite-bearing rocks: a case study for the Carboniferous Glenshaw and Mauch Chunk Formations, North America

SUMMARY An anisotropy-based inclination correction was applied to the Carboniferous Glenshaw Formation from southwestern Pennsylvania. A combination of low-temperature thermal demagnetization followed by alternating field demagnetization isolated a palaeomagnetic remanence direction similar to that previously reported for these rocks. The inclination correction was conducted by fitting the samples’ anisotropy of anhysteretic remanence (AAR) to the theoretical correction curves for a magnetite remanence that yielded a remanence individual magnetic particle anisotropy, the aγ factor, equal to 1.86. Direct measurement of individual particle anisotropy in magnetic grain extracts, yielded an aγ value of 2 in good agreement with the curve fitting technique. The inclination-corrected formation mean directions for these two a factors were statistically indistinguishable. This result shows that curve fitting is an easier, but accurate, method of applying an anisotropy-based inclination correction than direct measurement of the individual grain anisotropy in magnetic grain extracts. The corrected Glendale Formation magnetite-based palaeopole is very similar to haematite-based palaeopoles from the Carboniferous Canadian Maritimes. A new technique is described that extracts the detrital haematite grains from red sedimentary rocks. The measured haematite aγ factors from the Carboniferous Mauch Chunk and Cretaceous Kapusaliang Formations yield values consistent with susceptibility individual particle anisotropies, aχ , determined previously by curve fitting techniques, extending the use of curve fitting for individual particle anisotropy determination to haematite-bearing rocks. However, the corrected Mauch Chunk Formation palaeopole is significantly different from the corrected Glendale Formation palaeopole, calling the accuracy of the Mauch Chunk palaeopole into question. Tectonic strain during folding may have added to the compaction strain in the rocks, leading to an overcorrection of the inclination. A new, inclination-corrected palaeopole for the North American Carboniferous is reported for the Glenshaw Formation at 28.6uN, 119.9uE.
Frequency domain structural synthesis for quasi-static crack propagation: Global-local analysis

Computational efficiencies of a general formulation for frequency domain structural synthesis are exploited in its development as a flexible framework for global-local static and dynamic analysis. Functioning either as a substructure coupling or structural modification procedure, a quasi-static crack propagation analysis is performed demonstrating both computational efficiency and ease in coupling a local analysis to a global finite element analysis. The two alternative algorithms, based on substructure coupling and structural modification, are compared, and are also compared to a traditional finite element solution, and experimental data. The synthesis-based algorithms are shown to significantly outperform the traditional finite element solution.
Parasite-Induced Chronic Inflammation Is Not Exacerbated by Immunotherapy before or during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

Trypanosoma cruzi infection causes Chagas' disease, a chronic inflammatory disease. The specific inflammatory responses that cause Chagas' disease remain unclear, but data argue that parasites that persist in the host stimulate chronic self-damaging immune responses. Because T. cruzi appears to stimulate self-damaging responses, the enthusiasm to develop vaccines that boost antiparasite responses that might increase self-damaging responses has been limited. We previously demonstrated that immunization with a T. cruzi trans-sialidase protein or adoptive transfer of trans-sialidase-specific T-cell clones decreased parasitemia, morbidity, and mortality. Here we report that immunization or adoptive transfer with the protein or clones, before or during T. cruzi infection, boosts the anti-T. cruzi immune response without exacerbating acute or chronic tissue inflammation. These results argue that prophylactic and therapeutic immunotherapy for Chagas' disease can be developed safely.
Lymph Node Germinal Centers Form in the Absence of Follicular Dendritic Cell Networks

Follicular dendritic cell networks are said to be pivotal to both the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and their functions in generating antigen-specific antibody affinity maturation and B cell memory. We report that lymphotoxin β–deficient mice form GC cell clusters in the gross anatomical location expected of GCs, despite the complete absence of follicular dendritic cell networks. Furthermore, antigen-specific GC generation was at first relatively normal, but these GCs then rapidly regressed and GC-phase antibody affinity maturation was reduced. Lymphotoxin β–deficient mice also showed substantial B cell memory in their mesenteric lymph nodes. This memory antibody response was of relatively low affinity for antigen at week 4 after challenge, but by week 10 after challenge was comparable to wild-type, indicating that affinity maturation had failed in the GC phase but developed later.
Exploiting qualitative domain knowledge for learning Bayesian network parameters with incomplete data

When a large amount of data are missing, or when multiple hidden nodes exist, learning parameters in Bayesian networks (BNs) becomes extremely difficult. This paper presents a learning algorithm to incorporate qualitative domain knowledge to regularize the otherwise ill-posed problem, limit the search space, and avoid local optima. Specifically, the problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where an objective function is defined as a combination of the likelihood function and penalty functions constructed from the qualitative domain knowledge. Then, a gradient-descent procedure is systematically integrated with the E-step and M-step of the EM algorithm, to estimate the parameters iteratively until it converges. The experiments show our algorithm improves the accuracy of the learned BN parameters significantly over the conventional EM algorithm.
Custom digital cell generation flow for 65nm processes

Process technologies generate increasing challenges for layout efficiency at the 65nm process. This has increased the reliance on standard cell library development in order to simultaneously meet the demand of today's tight design schedules. However due to IP-specific design constraints, customized logic cells are frequently necessary to achieve design closure. We explore a design flow that efficiently characterizes a standard cell for power, timing and reliability considerations within custom design, and further synthesizes promising circuit alternatives using a spec-driven optimization approach through transistor level sizing. This methodology provides a unique ability for determining tradeoffs between physical design and circuit design challenges.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Special Section on the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium 2012

The four articles in this special section presents extended versions of several outstanding papers from the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium 2011 (PacificVis 2011) which was held in Hong Kong, China, on 1-4 March 2011. The objective of this annual symposium is to foster greater exchange between visualization researchers and practitioners, and to draw more researchers in the Asia-Pacific region to enter this fascinating and rapidly growing area of research.
From 9/11 to 8/29: Post-Disaster Recovery and Rebuilding in New York and New Orleans

This article examines the process of post-disaster recovery and rebuilding in New York City since 9/11 and in New Orleans since the Hurricane Katrina disaster (8/29). As destabilizing events, 9/11 and 8/29 forced a rethinking of the major categories, concepts and theories that long dominated disaster research. We analyze the form, trajectory and problems of reconstruction in the two cities with special emphasis on the implementation of the Community Development Block Grant program, the Liberty Zone and the Gulf Opportunity Zone, and tax-exempt private activity bonds to finance and promote reinvestment. Drawing on a variety of data sources, we show that New York and New Orleans have become important laboratories for entrepreneurial city and state governments seeking to use post-disaster rebuilding as an opportunity to push through far-reaching neoliberal policy reforms. The emphasis on using market-centered approaches for urban recovery and rebuilding in New York and New Orleans should be seen not as coherent or sustainable responses to urban disaster but rather as deeply contradictory restructuring strategies that are intensifying the problems they seek to remedy.
Fixed‐bed multisolute adsorption characteristics of nonwet adsorbents

Certain nonfunctional macroreticular polymeric adsorbents are nonwet by suffciently dilute aqueous solutions and enable separations not achievable with adsorbents in the prewet state. Fixed-bed adsorption data were obtained for a multisolute aqueous solution containing acetic acid, 1,3-butanediol, and succinic acid, with Porapak Q and Amberlite XAD-4 as adsorbents in both the prewet and nonwet states. The prewet breakthrough data agree with a model allowing for axial dispersion and a linear rate law, using independently estimated parameters. Break-through curves for the nonwet case depend strongly upon solute volatility since mass transport within the particles appears to occur by Knudsen diffusion, and is rate limiting. Data for Porapak Q reflect an effective particle diffusivity about ten times lower than for Amberlite XAD-4.
On the zeros of quasi-polynomials with single delay

A new numerical method is introduced for calculation of quasi-polynomial zeros with constant single delay. The trajectories of zeros are obtained depending on time-delay from zero to final time-delay value. The method determines all the zeros of the quasi-polynomial in any right half-plane. The approach is used to determine stability analysis of time-delay systems. The method is easy to implement, robust and applicable to quasi-polynomials with high order. The effectiveness of the method is shown on an example.
Darker than midnight: Fear, vulnerability, and terror making in urban Burma (Myanmar)

The Burmese military State constructs fear and vulnerability among its citizenry through the strategic use of political violence. Fear is inherently temporal and, unlike despair, requires that one have the ability to envisage alternatives to a future of complete domination. Burmese people strive not to express fear, and the anthropologist's articulation of fear contrasts with the silence that fear engenders among them. In this article I reflect on strategies for the ethical collection of experiences of fear in situations where suppressing or denying fear is the most common survival strategy. [Burma, Myanmar, violence, fear, state construction of affect, vulnerability, time]
CFO financial expertise and corporate governance concerns

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the association between the financial expertise of the chief financial officer (CFO) and concerns about corporate governance. Design/methodology/approach – Consistent with prior research, the authors used four variables, including certified public accountant (CPA) certification, Master of Business Administration degree, age of CFO and length of CFO tenure, to measure CFO’s financial expertise. The authors hypothesize a negative association between CFO expertise and concerns about corporate governance. Findings – Regression analysis revealed that the CPA certification is negatively associated with governance concerns at a significant level. The results suggest that stakeholders show less concerns about a company’s corporate governance mechanism when the CFO has a CPA certification. In particular, the results support the recommendation by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants that a CFO of a public firm should have a CPA certification. Origi...
Abstract 2749: Amyloid-beta (1-42) is Reduced in CSF in Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Introduction: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have a high degree of overlap in a number of large autopsy series. However, few studies have examined the overlap during life. VCI is a heterogeneous disorder due to large and small vessel vascular disease (SVD). Biomarkers of inflammation are present in the SVD, which is a progressive form of VCI that is characterized by MRI findings of lacunar strokes and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), executive dysfunction, focal neurological findings, apathy, urinary problems and gait imbalance. Recently, we showed an association between a reduced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) CSF index and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in SVD. We hypothesized that patients with both VCI and AD would show CSF and MRI biomarkers for both diseases. Patients and Methods: Patients (N=60) with VCI underwent neurological and neuropsychological testing. MRI was done with FLAIR, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure ischemia with N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCEMRI) to measure BBB transfer constants (K i ). CSF (N=37) was obtained by lumbar puncture for measurements of albumin index, MMP-2 and MMP-9 indexes, ABeta 1-42, total-tau (T-Tau) and hyperphosphorylated-tau (P-Tau). Results: BD patients had large WMHs, while large vessel (multi-infarct and single strategic stroke) patients had small WMHs. NAA was used as a biomarker of lesion size due to ischemic damage in the white matter. ROC plots showed that a NAA cut-point of 12 separated patients with large WMHs (low NAA) from small WMHs (p i transfer constants above 0.0018 (ROC; p i and MMP-2 index were present in both large and small vessel disease patients. Conclusions: Our results show that SVD patients have significantly reduced levels of ABeta 1-42 in CSF, suggesting impairment in amyloid metabolism associated with vascular disease. These findings conform to the autopsy findings and suggest that multimodal biomarkers may provide information during life about the presence of both AD and VCI.
EXCEPTIONAL POINTS FOR COCOMPACT FUCHSIAN GROUPS

Let G be a cocompact Fuchsian group acting on the hyperbolic plane H. If G covers a compact hyperbolic surface of genus g ≥ 2, then almost every Dirichlet region for G has 12g −6 sides. In this article, we study the exceptional points for G, i.e., the points in H associated to Dirichlet regions for G with strictly less than 12g − 6 sides. More specifically, we show that uncountably many exceptional points exist for any cocompact group. We also define and prove the existence of higher order exceptional points for any such group.
Imaging of Water Profiles in PEM Fuel Cells Using Neutron Radiography: Effect of Operating Conditions and GDL Composition

The performance of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells as a function of cathode inlet relative humidity (RH) and gas diffusion layer (GDL) properties has been characterized. The performance of 50 cm2 fuel cells at high current densities was a strong function of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) content in the cathode GDL microporous layer (MPL). The voltage at a current density of 1.4 A cm-2 decreased at all inlet RHs as the PTFE content in the cathode MPL increased from 5 % by weight to 23 % by weight. This was associated with a corresponding increase in the mass transport resistance as measured by AC impedance. The low frequency resistance also increased with increasing cathode inlet RH. These results were validated by high-resolution neutron radiography on specially designed 2.25 cm2 cells that showed increased water content in the GDLs at high inlet RHs and high microporous layer PTFE content. High-resolution neutron imaging also revealed higher water concentrations at the outlets, cathode GDL, anode flow channel, and MEA/GDL above the land when compared to the inlets, anode GDL, cathode flow channel, and MEA/GDL above the channel respectively.
Pediatric Concerns Due to Expanded Cannabis Use: Unintended Consequences of Legalization

An "unintended consequence" of marijuana legalization is the impact on the pediatric population. From prenatal exposure to unintentional childhood exposures, through concerns of adolescence abuse and marijuana use for medicinal indications in children, marijuana exposure can affect pediatric patients at every stage in childhood. Regardless of the stage or reason of exposure, concerns exist about short-term and long-term consequences in a child's physical and mental health. The use of cannabidiol (CBD) may have some benefit for the treatment of epilepsy, but emphasis needs to be on rigorous clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and safety. As more states allow both medical and recreational marijuana, availability and prevalence of use will likely increase and more surveillance and research is needed to evaluate the consequences on the pediatric population.