cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The complex interplay between inflammation, the microbiota and colorectal cancer

The microbiome has captured the attention of scientists from multiple research fields including ecology, immunology, microbiology and cancer biology. The microbial community living in the gastrointestinal tract is the most abundant and diverse niche of the human body and it is not surprising that microbiome research has predominantly focused upon this organ system. In this addendum, we summarize the latest developments in microbiome research on inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. In addition, we highlight our recent findings that chronic intestinal inflammation modulates microbial community composition and the development of colorectal cancer. Our findings redefine the paradigm of inflammation-associated cancer by illuminating the key role of bacteria in development of colorectal cancer.
A Validity Study of Scores on the Personal and Academic Self-Concept Inventory Based on a Sample of Black College Males

In this study, factor analyses were used to examine the structural validity of scores on the Personal and Academic Self-Concept Inventory (PASCI) in a group of 222 Black college males. Definitions of self-concept and how self-concept has been operationalized in Black populations were also reviewed. Results from this study challenged the nine-factor PASCI model reported earlier and pointed out the importance of considering cultural differences during scale development. Exploratory factor analysis procedures suggested only five factors. In this five-factor model, the Math Ability and Social Acceptance items emerged relatively intact. In addition, new Physical Self-Concept and Global Self-Concept factors were also revealed. Suggestions for considering culture during scale development and item improvement are provided.
Paleomagnetic Study of La Quinta Formation, Venezuela

Eighty-seven oriented hand specimens of redbeds from the La Quinta Formation (Triassic-Jurassic), collected at four localities in the Venezuelan Andes, were studied. The results, after thermal demagnetization at 500°C, are moderately consistent at two of the four localities with normal and reverse polarization present. The average vectors are closer before correction for present bed attitude than after, a fact which suggests that the natural remanence of these rocks is of secondary origin. In some individual samples both normal and reversed components are present, which indicates that their magnetism was acquired during an interval that spanned at least one reversal of the earth's field. Comparison of the vectors erased on demagnetization and the residual vectors at he four localities suggests that the magnetism was acquired during the folding, and that its orientation is not related simply to either original or present bed attitude. Measured inclinations conform approximately with that of the present dipole field, but declinations are significantly northeast of it. If the declinations are valid, either a clockwise rotation of South America (for which there is no independent paleomagnetic evidence) or a tectonic rotation within the Venezuelan Andes would be implied. Two samples of dacitic tuff (believed on tenuous grounds to be of Early Triassic age) were collected near the base of the La Quinta section at the type locality and yield results which are consistent with each other but which are distinct from those of the redbeds; the results from the dacitic tuff probably reflect the only primary magnetization measured in this study. After 150-oersted alternating field demagnetization and correction for bed attitude, their vector mean is D = 13, I = -18, K = 106, and ^agr95 = 25. South coordinates are 68.5°S., 108.5°W.
Crystal Structures of Expressed Non-polymerizable Monomeric Actin in the ADP and ATP States *

Actin filament growth and disassembly, as well as affinity for actin-binding proteins, is mediated by the nucleotide-bound state of the component actin monomers. The structural differences between ATP-actin and ADP-actin, however, remain controversial. We expressed a cytoplasmic actin in Sf9 cells, which was rendered non-polymerizable by virtue of two point mutations in subdomain 4 (A204E/P243K). This homogeneous monomer, called AP-actin, was crystallized in the absence of toxins, binding proteins, or chemical modification, with ATP or ADP at the active site. The two surface mutations do not perturb the structure. Significant differences between the two states are confined to the active site region and sensor loop. The active site cleft remains closed in both states. Minor structural shifts propagate from the active site toward subdomain 2, but dissipate before reaching the DNase binding loop (D-loop), which remains disordered in both the ADP and ATP states. This result contrasts with previous structures of actin made monomeric by modification with tetramethylrhodamine, which show formation of an α-helix at the distal end of the D-loop in the ADP-bound but not the ATP-bound form (Otterbein, L. R., Graceffa, P., and Dominguez, R. (2001) Science 293, 708-711). Our reanalysis of the TMR-modified actin structures suggests that the nucleotide-dependent formation of the D-loop helix may result from signal propagation through crystal packing interactions. Whereas the observed nucleotide-dependent changes in the structure present significantly different surfaces on the exterior of the actin monomer, current models of the actin filament lack any actin-actin interactions that involve the region of these key structural changes.
A Life History of Cultural Fusion

Marguerite Schenkhuizen. Memoirs of an lndo Woman: Twentieth-Century Life in the East Indies and Abroad. Monographs in International Studies, Southeast Series, 92. Lizelot Stout van Balgooy, ed. and trans. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1993. xviii. 286 pp.
Growth and characterizations of bulk ZnSe single crystal by chemical vapor transport

Abstract The bulk ZnSe single crystal was grown from the vapor by Zn(NH 4 ) 3 Cl 5 transport from ZnSe polycrystals source, which was synthesized from commercial grade high-purity elements, selenium and zinc. The growth temperature between the source and the growing ZnSe single crystal was 898–915°C and the temperature difference of the growth tube was 14–18°C. The orange ZnSe single crystal of Φ 9×25 mm was obtained. The studies on the features and habit of the growth surface show that the growth surface of as-grown ZnSe crystal was composed of {1 1 1}and {1 0 0} faces. The crystal quality of ZnSe crystal was investigated by RO-XRD. The FWHM value of RO-XRD patterns of ZnSe (1 1 1) face is 24 s. The photoluminescence spectrum is dominated by two broad peaks located at 439 and 418 nm, respectively. The etch pit density is about (5–7)×10 4 cm −2 . The absorption edge is very sharp and is located at about 465 nm. All of the above results indicate that a ZnSe single crystal with high crystalline quality and high purity can be grown from the vapor by Zn(NH 4 ) 3 Cl 5 transport.
COMPARISON OF INTERIOR CRASHWORTHINESS OBSERVED IN PASSENGER TRAIN ACCIDENTS AND 8G DYNAMIC SEAT SLED TESTS

The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration conducts engineering research to address protection of passengers and crew during train accidents. This research includes accident investigations and dynamic seat testing to assess occupant injury during simulated accident conditions. Observations from selected accident investigations are compared with dynamic seat test results, based on the requirements in the Standard for Passenger Seats in Passenger Rail Cars, APTA-SS-C&S-99-016 [1], referred to simply as the Seat Standard. The Seat Standard requires sled testing of rail passenger seats to demonstrate that seats provide a minimum level of crashworthiness in the event of an accident. The interior crashworthiness comparisons between accidents and seat tests are based on the deceleration time history (crash pulse), damage to seats and/or tables, injury type and severity, and occupant kinematics. These comparisons have been made to assess the degree to which current test practice produces injury measurements and interior fixture damage that are consistent with the injuries and equipment damage observed in accidents. When test results and accident observations do not compare well, revisions to the prescribed test conditions may be warranted.
The monohelix: (1) five years of operation at the FBNML and (2) finite element stress analyses

The FBNML (Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory) has built and operated seven partial monohelices employing helices of Be-Cu, Cu-alumina, or Cr-Cu. Fabrication was by conventional lathe, numerically controlled lathe, or wire electric discharge machining. Each monohelix is the innermost coil of a hybrid magnet system which can generate 27 T in a 53-mm bore or 31 T in a 33-mm bore (35 T with holmium poles). Compared to their Bitter coil predecessors, these monohelices have demonstrated comparable performance and superior life. One helix gave 270 hours of service; another is still active after 230 hours. The finite element stress analysis program ABAQUS was used to calculate the stresses and strains in radially cooled Bitter coils and monohelices. At a maximum conductor strain of 0.8% (the approximate empirical limit for acceptable coil life), a perfect monohelix is structurally a third stronger than the Bitter coil analyzed. The strength of the partial monohelix design appears to depend on the relative thicknesses of the helix and cooling plates, and on the friction between them. >
Prostaglandin I2 Contributes to the Vasodepressor Effect of Baicalein in Hypertensive Rats

Lipoxygenase inhibitors reduce blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The vasodepressor effect of lipoxygenase inhibitors may be related to increased production of prostaglandin (PG) I2 since lipoxygenase-derived fatty acid hydroperoxides inhibit PGI2 synthase. This hypothesis was examined in rats made hypertensive by infusion of angiotensin II (200 ng/min i.p.) for 12 to 14 days. In hypertensive but not in normotensive rats, the lipoxygenase inhibitor baicalein (60 mg/kg s.c.) increased (P<.05) the conversion of exogenous PGH2 to PGI2 by aortic segments, the release of 6-keto-PGF1alpha by aortic rings, the concentration of 6-keto-PGF1alpha in blood, and the renal excretion of 6-keto-PGF1alpha. Treatment with baicalein did not affect the blood pressure of normotensive rats but decreased the blood pressure of hypertensive rats from 177+/-8 to 133+/-9 mm Hg after 120 minutes (P<.05). Also, the lipoxygenase inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate (8 mg/kg s.c.) was without effect on the blood pressure of normotensive rats but decreased the blood pressure of hypertensive rats from 182+/-4 to 139+/-8 mm Hg (P<.05). However, the blood pressure of hypertensive rats pretreated with indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) was affected by neither baicalein nor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate. Moreover, in hypertensive rats in which baicalein had decreased blood pressure to 148+/-6 mm Hg, the administration of rabbit serum containing antibodies against 5,6-dihydro-PGI2 (0.3 mL i.v.) partially reversed the response to baicalein, increasing blood pressure to 179+/-7 mm Hg within 20 minutes (P<.05). The antibodies also were shown to block the vasodepressor effect of PGI2 but not of PGE2. Collectively, these data suggest contribution of PGI2 to the acute antihypertensive effect of baicalein in rats with angiotensin II-induced hypertension.
Magnetic resonance imaging of chronic myocardial infarcts in formalin-fixed human autopsy hearts.

BACKGROUNDIn post-myocardial infarction patients, three-dimensional structure of the infarct as well as infarct size are likely to be important factors affecting mortality, cardiac function, and arrhythmias. Current morphological methods for determining three-dimensional infarct structure in autopsied hearts are inexact and time consuming. The cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques used in living patients have shown potential in determining infarct size and structure but have limited resolution for morphometric postmortem studies. The recent development of magnetic resonance microscopy raises the possibility that three-dimensional infarct structure can be quantified at microscopic levels in autopsied hearts. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of magnetic resonance imaging at different spatial resolutions to differentiate infarcted from noninfarcted myocardium.METHODS AND RESULTSMagnetic resonance imaging was performed at 2.0 T on cross sections taken from 10 autopsied hearts con...
A comparison of the psychosocial functioning of children with drug-versus alcohol-dependent fathers.

The present study compared the psychosocial functioning of children whose fathers primarily abused illicit drugs other than alcohol (n = 51) to children from a demographically matched sample of families whose fathers abused alcohol (n = 51). Children with drug‐abusing (DA) fathers exhibited significantly more negative child behaviors on a standardized child‐rating scale than did children from homes with alcohol‐abusing fathers. In addition, a significantly greater proportion of children with DA fathers met clinical cutoffs indicative of psychosocial impairment (n = 23; 45%) than did children whose fathers abused alcohol (n = 5; 10%). Mediation analyses indicated that severity of drug, legal, medical, employment, and family problems partially mediated the relationship between type of family (i.e., families with fathers who had an alcohol problem versus families with fathers who had a drug problem) and children's psychosocial adjustment.
The World Bank's Support for Science and Technology

The World Bank, the largest aid-granting agency in the world, has played a substantial but largely unsung role in helping the scientific and technological development of developing countries. Its investments, totaling $15.5 billion in fiscal year 1984, involve choosing appropriate technology and financing local technological development. Since 1980, the Bank has lent $0.5 billion for agricultural research and about $1 billion for scientific and technological education. It contributes to and mobilizes finances for large international research programs in agriculture and the health sciences. It supports research on labor-based construction, low-cost sanitation, renewable energy resources, and control of traffic congestion. It provides training in the technological aspects of development policy. As funds for aid become scarce, the Bank is reexamining its approach to science and technology.
Z pinches—A historical view

Z pinches have a long and varied history. Beginning in the 18th century, z pinches have been used to heat plasmas very efficiently. Early in the nuclear fusion program, it was realized that modest currents are required to confine plasma that could produce energy gain. The instability of the confined plasma was convincingly demonstrated in experiments in the 1950s that were performed around the world. These uniformly negative results led to z pinches being dropped as a fusion concept. Recent progress in fast z pinches has reinvigorated the field. We review the field and highlight the recent advances that point the way to a bright future for z pinches.
A data-oriented profiler to assist in data partitioning and distribution for heterogeneous memory in HPC

We describe the key details of our data-oriented extensions to the Callgrind profiler.We introduce a novel technique for data partitioning targeting performance.We demonstrate the applicability of our methodology based on cache miss histograms.We showcase the potential benefits of our proposal. Profiling is of great assistance in understanding and optimizing an application's behavior. Today's profiling techniques help developers focus on the pieces of code leading to the highest penalties according to a given performance metric. In this paper we describe a profiling tool we have developed by extending the Valgrind framework and one of its tools: Callgrind. Our extended profiling tool provides new object-differentiated profiling capabilities that help software developers and hardware designers (1) understand access patterns, (2) identify unexpected access patterns, and (3) determine whether a particular memory object is consistently featuring a troublesome access pattern. We use this tool to assist in the partition of big data objects so that smaller portions of them can be placed in small, fast memory subsystems of heterogeneous memory systems such as scratchpad memories. We showcase the potential benefits of this technique by means of the XSBench miniapplication from the CESAR codesign project. The benefits include being able to identify the optimal portion of data to be placed in a small scratchpad memory, leading to more than 19% performance improvement, compared with nonassisted partitioning approaches, in our proposed scratchpad-equipped compute node.
The radiation phosphene.

Abstract A low flux of X-rays below the Cerenkov energy threshold generates a phosphene by direct action on the retina without a fluorescence in the ocular media. X-rays above the Cerenkov threshold can generate only a faint luminescence in the lens and cornea. From experimental work on humans in 1905 with unencapsulated radium, it is known that ~ 80% of the intensity of the radium phosphene is from the β-ray component and ~20% from the γ-ray. From calculations of the photon yield due to Cerenkov radiation in the eye from radium, one finds intensities of ~90% and ~ 10% for β and γ-rays, respectively, if only Cerenkov radiation is considered. Thus, one may conclude that the dominant mechanism of the radium phosphene is Cerenkov radiation, primarily from electrons and not fluorescence as previously speculated. The term “radium phosphene” is a misnomer and should be subsumed along with the X-ray phosphene and particle induced visual sensations under the name “radiation phosphene”.
BCL::Fold—Protein topology determination from limited NMR restraints

When experimental protein NMR data are too sparse to apply traditional structure determination techniques, de novo protein structure prediction methods can be leveraged. Here, we describe the incorporation of NMR restraints into the protein structure prediction algorithm BCL::Fold. The method assembles discreet secondary structure elements using a Monte Carlo sampling algorithm with a consensus knowledge-based energy function. New components were introduced into the energy function to accommodate chemical shift, nuclear Overhauser effect, and residual dipolar coupling data. In particular, since side chains are not explicitly modeled during the minimization process, a knowledge based potential was created to relate experimental side chain proton–proton distances to Cβ–Cβ distances. In a benchmark test of 67 proteins of known structure with the incorporation of sparse NMR restraints, the correct topology was sampled in 65 cases, with an average best model RMSD100 of 3.4 ± 1.3 A versus 6.0 ± 2.0 A produced with the de novo method. Additionally, the correct topology is present in the best scoring 1% of models in 61 cases. The benchmark set includes both soluble and membrane proteins with up to 565 residues, indicating the method is robust and applicable to large and membrane proteins that are less likely to produce rich NMR datasets. Proteins 2014; 82:587–595. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topology optimization under stochastic loads via the Single Loop Method

In this work, we perform Reliability Based Topology Optimization (RBTO) by combining reliability analysis and material distribution topology design methods to optimize linear elastic structures subject to random loadings. An optimization follows in which the structure volume is minimized to reduce cost subject to probabilistic constraints. To solve the optimization problem which is commonly used to evaluate the probabilistic constraint, we use a single-loop method, which eliminates the need for an inner optimization loop. Numerical results are obtained using a combination of Fortran code and the commercial software OptiStruct. Designs obtained from the proposed method are compared to designs of equal volume obtained from the traditional deterministic method.
The Riemann Zeta-Function and the One-Dimensional Weyl-Berry Conjecture for Fractal Drums

Based on his earlier work on the vibrations of 'drums with fractal boundary', the first author has refined M. V. Berry's conjecture that extended from the 'smooth' to the 'fractal' case H. Weyl's conjecture for the asymptotics of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on a bounded open subset of W (see [16]). We solve here in the one-dimensional case (that is, when n = 1) this 'modified Weyl-Berry conjecture'. We discover, in the process, some unexpected and intriguing connections between spectral geometry, fractal geometry and the Riemann zeta-function. We therefore show that one can 'hear' (that is, recover from the spectrum) not only the Minkowski fractal dimension of the boundary—as was established previously by the first author—but also, under the stronger assumptions of the conjecture, its Minkowski content (a 'fractal' analogue of its 'length'). We also prove (still in dimension one) a related conjecture of the first author, as well as its converse, which characterizes the situation when the error estimates of the aforementioned paper are sharp.
What Moves the Correlation between the Equity and Credit Default Swap Markets

We document substantial correlation dynamics between equity returns and CDS spread changes at the firm level, which is critical for cross-market hedging and arbitrage strategies. Using the implied cost of capital approach, we decompose the unexpected equity returns into cash flow and discount rate news and examine the impact of the shocks on the correlations. We find that discount rate news explains the majority fraction. At longer horizons and in periods when cash flow news is more negatively related with CDS spread changes, however, the cross-market integration is stronger. In addition, firms with more cash flow news exhibit stronger correlations between equity returns and credit spread changes, and the structural model can explain more variations of credit spread changes in these firms.
New-Onset Heart Failure in Children in the Absence of Structural Congenital Heart Disease

The dramatic advances in the operative and perioperative care of children with major forms of congenital heart disease have resulted in excellent short- and medium-term outcomes for the most severe forms of heart disease, including those with so-called single-ventricle physiology. This represents one of the great advances in pediatrics over the last 3 decades. A corollary of these observations is that some of the worst outcomes for children with heart disease are now observed in those with cardiomyopathy (whether acquired or congenital). This fact has drawn focus on heart muscle disease as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Article p 79 Data from the Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation1 emphasize that cardiomyopathies (notably the dilated form) remain the main indication for heart transplantation in childhood. This international report provides very limited information, however, on outcomes before transplantation. The Pediatric Heart Transplant Study, a multi-institutional research consortium from 3 countries, has focused (since 1993) on identifying risk factors for various outcomes from the time of listing for transplantation in children with end-stage heart disease, the majority of whom have cardiomyopathy.2,3 This has provided important information on pretransplantation morbidity and mortality rates in children with advanced heart disease but does not address the epidemiology or outcomes for children at first presentation with heart failure unrelated to structural heart disease. Recently, 2 groups have provided population-based data on pediatric …
A high sensitivity polysilicon diaphragm condenser microphone

This paper presents the analysis, design, fabrication, and testing of a condenser microphone utilizing a thin low-stress polycrystalline silicon diaphragm suspended above a p+ perforated back plate. The microphone is fabricated using a combination of surface and bulk micromachining techniques in a single wafer process without the need of wafer bonding. The device shows sensitivities of -34 dB (ref. To 1 V/Pa) for 2 mm diaphragms with bias of 13 V and -37 dB for 2.6 mm-wide diaphragms at 10 V in good agreement with expected performance calculations.
Staffing of the ED by non-emergency medicine-trained personnel: the VA experience.

Abstract Study objective VA (Veteran's Affairs) emergency departments (EDs) are generally staffed with physicians trained in internal medicine (IM), although recently, a movement has begun toward hiring emergency medicine (EM)-trained staff. At our institution, the ED is staffed by physicians of both specialties. This study examines the frequency of unscheduled return visits to the ED in an effort to compare the quality of emergency care given by physicians trained in IM and EM. Methods The record of all visits to a VA hospital ED during a 90-day period were examined, and all those visits resulting in a return ED visit within the 30 subsequent days were noted. Results The charts of 2891 consecutive ED patients were examined. The rate of revisits was significantly higher for the IM than for the EM-trained physicians (8.9% vs 5.5%, respectively; P Conclusions The IM-trained physicians were less likely to hospitalize patients, although this can be partially explained by the lower acuity of patients during the hours that they covered. The IM-trained physicians were significantly more likely to have a patient return after discharge and also more likely to have a patient return in need of hospitalization. This may reflect a difference in training for the rapid diagnosis and risk stratification of ED patients.
Daily exercise does not prevent recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze if a daily routine of self-canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) will increase the time to recurrence and reduce the rate of recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Study Design: Prospective study, nonrandomized control group. Setting: Outpatient clinic. Patients: Thirty-nine patients diagnosed with posterior canal BPPV successfully treated with the CRP. Based on a convenience sample, 17 (44%) patients were assigned to the treatment group, whereas 22 (56%) were assigned to the no-treatment group. The number of subjects lost at the time of follow-up were 5 (29.4%) of the treatment group and 2 (9%) of the notreatment group. Interventions: Patients assigned to the treatment group performed the self-CRP daily, whereas those assigned to the notreatment group performed no exercises. Patients were followed for up to 2 years. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were the rate of recurrence of BPPV and the time for BPPV to recur. Results: Of the 39 subjects, symptoms recurred in 16 (41%) of the total population, 6 (35%) of 17 of the treatment group, and 10 (46%) of 22 of the no-treatment group. There was no difference in the frequency of recurrence (Pearson W 2 ; p = 0.522) or the time to recurrence (survival analysis; log-rank test; p = 0.242). Conclusion: Our results suggest that a daily routine of the self-CRP does not affect the time to recurrence and the rate of recurrence of posterior canalYBPPV. Key Words: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigoVVertigo. Otol Neurotol 29:976Y981, 2008.
Instantaneous Spread of Plumes in the Surface Layer

Abstract Data are presented from two recent tracer campaigns regarding relative diffusion of surface-level plumes. One study consists of tests performed amid flat, rural terrain near Galen, Montana, while other experiments were conducted above a poplar forest with uniform canopy density and height near Boardman, Oregon. In both cases, sulfur hexafluoride was released near the surface at a constant rate, and fast-response analyzers were used to measure plume concentrations along crosswind traverses and at fixed locations within 1 km of the source. This paper characterizes horizontal plume spread on near-instantaneous time frames during 29 tests, and the field data are used to test seven empirical and theoretical approaches for estimating relative diffusion coefficients using on-site wind data. Five of the equations utilize simple turbulence statistics to predict plume spread as a function of downwind distance; one method utilizes stability-based power-law formulas; and the last technique invokes second-ord...
Avoiding Embarrassment at the Checkout Counter: Which Sales Clerk is Less Embarrassing for Customers When Buying Personal Products?

Customers are often embarrassed when purchasing personal products. Given that embarrassment is an unpleasant emotional state derived from social context, customers actively try to reduce embarrassment when shopping. Accordingly, the authors examine whether customers prefer certain clerks for checkout when buying personal products. They also examine whether customers’ sales clerk preferences change depending on the type of embarrassing product. In Study 1, multidimensional scaling analysis reveals that people categorize personal products by the degree to which products are sexually-related. In Study 2, the results show that customers’ sales clerk preferences differ depending on whether a personal product is sexually-related or not. For sexuality-related products (e.g., condoms), people feel most comfortable when sales clerks have the same demographic characteristics, but for physical maintenance – related products (e.g., hemorrhoid cream), people feel most comfortable when buying from a sales clerk who looks like he or she would use the product. In Study 3, the authors explore consumers’ real-world preferences with a field experiment. They conclude with theoretical and practical implications.
Viability report for the ByWater Lakes project.

This report presents the results from the hydrological, ecological, and renewable energy assessments conducted by Sandia National Laboratories at the ByWater Lakes site in Espanola, New Mexico for ByWater Recreation LLC and Avanyu Energy Services through the New Mexico small business assistance (NMSBA) program. Sandia's role was to assess the viability and provide perspective for enhancing the site to take advantage of renewable energy resources, improve and sustain the natural systems, develop a profitable operation, and provide an asset for the local community. Integral to this work was the identification the pertinent data and data gaps as well as making general observations about the potential issues and concerns that may arise from further developing the site. This report is informational only with no consideration with regards to the business feasibility of the various options that ByWater and Avanyu may be pursuing.
Abilities of Different Electron Donors (D) to Engage in a P···D Noncovalent Interaction

Previous work has documented the ability of the P atom to form a direct attractive noncovalent interaction with a N atom, based in large measure on the charge transfer from the N lone pair into the σ* antibonding orbital of the P–H that is turned away from the N atom. The present work considers whether other atoms, namely, O and S, can also participate as electron donors, and in which bonding environments. Also considered are the π-systems of multiply bonded C atoms. Unlike an earlier observation that the interaction is unaffected by the nature of the electron-acceptor atom, there is strong sensitivity to the donor. The P···D binding energy diminishes in the order D = NH3 > H2CO > H2CS > H2O > H2S, different from the patterns observed in both H and halogen bonds. The P···D interactions are comparable to, and in some cases stronger than, the analogous H-bonds formed by HOH as proton donor. The carbon π systems form surprisingly strong P···D complexes, augmented by the back-donation from the P lone pair to ...
II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera.

I am greatly indebted to Dr. F. M. Carpenter for sending me for description a very remarkable bee, found by Mr. Fernquist in the now famous Latah beds in the State of Washington. To my astonishment, it is a perfectly typical Bombus , and as we have no Bombus among the numerous fossil bees from Florissant, it suggests that the Latah formation may be younger than the Florissant Shales. I believe it is the first genuine fossil Bombus to be described. The so-called Bombus from the Baltic amber belong to other genera. Bombus grandaevus Heer from Radoboj is not well enough preserved to be placed generically; it is only about 11 mm. long. B. conservatus Weyenbergh, from the Jurassic of Solenhofen, is wholly obscure, and there is no reason for regarding it as a bee. B. jurinei Heer, from Baden, is a Xylocopa , as I ascertained from a study of the type. B. abavus Heer I also regard as a Xylocopa, B. crassipes Novak, from the Aquitanian of Bohemia, and B. antiquus Heyden, from Rott, I cannot at present discuss; it is very desirable that the types should be re-examined.
Abstract 351: Mutations of genes in the c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway are inactive in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: Implications for c-Kit targeted therapy

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant salivary gland tumor well-known for spreading in wide local area and invasion of vital structures of the head and neck. Unfortunately, conventional therapies have not improved longer-term survival, resulting in significant morbidity and a very low overall survival rate. Improved systemic therapies are clearly needed for this population. ACC tumors overexpress the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit, which is thought to be a therapeutic target. However, the role of c-Kit in the pathogenesis of ACC is not currently understood. We addressed this question through a functional genomic study with 17 sporadic ACC tumor specimens. We found heterogeneous missense mutations in three genes in the c-Kit signaling pathway, although mutations were identified at a low frequency. Two ACC tumors had distinct missense mutations in the gene KIT, resulting in G664R and R796G amino acid substitutions in the c-Kit kinase domain. Furthermore, two ACC tumors without KIT mutations had missense mutations in either KRAS or BRAF, causing S17N K-Ras and V590I B-Raf mutants. KRAS and BRAF are downstream effectors of c-Kit. We explored the functional consequences of these amino acid substitutions and found that all of c-Kit, K-Ras and B-Raf mutations in our ACC samples were inactive. These observations suggest that the c-Kit signaling pathway must be dispensable for maintaining established ACC. As a result, we believe that selective c-Kit inhibition is not a suitable treatment for the patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 351.
Atomic-layer epitaxy of device-quality Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As

We report on the recent growth by Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ALE) of device quality Al0.3Ga0.7As in a modified commercial reactor. A standard Emcore reactor was altered by the installation of baffles to prevent mixing of the reactant gas streams and a computer controlled servo motor to allow for a nonlinear rotation cycle. By varying the V/III ratio and the exposure time to the reactant gases it is possible to control the background carbon doping from high resistivity to p equals 1 X 1020 cm-3, without the need for an additional p-type source. Since low background doping was also achieved, silane was used to obtain n-type Al0.3Ga0.7As as high as n equals 1 X 1018 cm-3. The room temperature Hall mobility of the n-type Al0.3Ga0.7As films varied from 1200 to 3700 cm2/V(DOT)sec. Photoluminescence and preliminary doping results are presented and discussed.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Images in clinical medicine. Norwegian scabies in a patient with AIDS.

Figure 1. Norwegian Scabies in a Patient with AIDS. A diffuse, nonpruritic, erythematous, macular rash developed in a 43-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a CD4+ cell count of 22 per cubic millimeter. Initially, the rash was attributed to a drug eruption (due to either phenobarbital or ciprofloxacin). Approximately one week after the patient discontinued these medications, however, the rash progressed to form hyperkeratotic plaques on the chest, back, shoulders, elbows, and thighs. Panel A shows these hyperkeratotic plaque-like lesions in the shoulder region, where marked fissuring developed. Skin scrapings from multiple body sites revealed abundant scabies . . .
‘It’s not what you know but who you know’: Role of social capital in predicting risky injection drug use behavior in a sample of people who inject drugs in Baltimore City

AbstractBackground: Injection drug use is the third highest risk factor for HIV transmission. Injection drug users, marginalized population, continue to be at threat for several health problems, including HIV, Hepatitis B and C, and drug overdose. The area of social capital and risk behaviors is understudied. The current study aims to prospectively assess the relationship between social capital and the risk behaviors associated with injection drug use (IDU).Methods: The sample of the present study is a subset of 130 drug users who reported IDU at both baseline and first follow-up wave for assessing the relationship between social capital and needle sharing in the city of Baltimore, MD. Factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to explore these relationships.Results: A single-factor model fits well with factor loadings ranging from 0.20 to 0.95. Social capital is shown to be significantly and inversely associated (p < 0.05) with 35% decreased odds of...
Advanced intermediate temperature sodium–nickel chloride batteries with ultra-high energy density

Sodium-metal halide batteries have been considered as one of the more attractive technologies for stationary electrical energy storage, however, they are not used for broader applications despite their relatively well-known redox system. One of the roadblocks hindering market penetration is the high-operating temperature. Here we demonstrate that planar sodium–nickel chloride batteries can be operated at an intermediate temperature of 190 °C with ultra-high energy density. A specific energy density of 350 Wh kg−1, higher than that of conventional tubular sodium–nickel chloride batteries (280 °C), is obtained for planar sodium–nickel chloride batteries operated at 190 °C over a long-term cell test (1,000 cycles), and it attributed to the slower particle growth of the cathode materials at the lower operating temperature. Results reported here demonstrate that planar sodium–nickel chloride batteries operated at an intermediate temperature could greatly benefit this traditional energy storage technology by improving battery energy density, cycle life and reducing material costs. Sodium metal halide batteries are attractive technologies for stationary electrical energy storage. Here, the authors report that planar sodium-nickel chloride batteries operated at an intermediate temperature of 190 °C display larger energy densities than tubular batteries operated at higher temperatures.
Concurrent manipulation of binary search trees

The concurrent manipulation of a binary search tree is considered in this paper. The systems presented can support any number of concurrent processes which perform searching, insertion, deletion, and rotation (reorganization) on the tree, but allow any process to lock only a constant number of nodes at any time. Also, in the systems, searches are essentially never blocked. The concurrency control techniques introduced in the paper include the use of special nodes and pointers to redirect searches, and the use of copies of sections of the tree to introduce many changes simultaneously and therefore avoid unpredictable interleaving. Methods developed in this paper may provide new insights into other problems in the area of concurrent database manipulation.
A Many-Facet Rasch analysis comparing essay rater behavior on an academic English reading/writing test used for two purposes

Abstract Second language (L2) writing researchers have noted that various rater and scoring variables may affect ratings assigned by human raters (Cumming, 1990; Vaughan, 1991; Weigle, 1994, 1998, 2002; Cumming, Kantor, & Powers, 2001; Lumley, 2002; Barkaoui, 2010). Contrast effects (Daly & Dickson-Markman, 1982; Hales & Tokar, 1975; Hughes, Keeling, & Tuck, 1983), or how previous scores impact later ratings, may also color raters’ judgments of writing quality. However, little is known about how raters use the same rubric for different examinee groups. The present paper concerns an integrated reading and writing test of academic English used at a U.S. university for both admissions and placement purposes. Raters are trained to interpret the analytic scoring rubric similarly no matter which test type is scored. Using Many-Facet Rasch measurement (Linacre, 1989/1994), I analyzed scores over seven semesters, examining rater behavior on two test types (admissions or placement). Results indicated that, of 25 raters, five raters showed six instances of statistically significant bias on admissions or placement tests. The findings suggest that raters may be attributing scores to a wider range of writing ability levels on admissions than on placement tests. Implications for assessment, rater perceptions, and small-scale academic testing programs are discussed.
Ensuring economic fairness in wide-area control for power systems via game theory

Wide-area control helps in suppression of interarea oscillations in electric power systems, but potentially requires a substantial investment into the communication network needed to exchange state information. To provide companies with incentives to subsidize the wide-area communication links, a fair cost-allocation method based on the theory of cooperative network-formation games (NFG) is developed. The Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) is utilized to fairly allocate the communication cost to the companies, which act as game-players. First, the wide-area control problem is formulated using the state-feedback-based LQR minimization approach, and the social communication cost is computed using a sparsity-promoting algorithm. Second, the disagreement point, which determines the maximum cost each area is willing to pay, is computed. This selfish cost is proportional to the energy an area saves by utilizing wide-area feedback and is derived from the Nash Equilibria (NEs) of two noncooperative NFGs, with and without wide-area feedback, respectively. Finally, the social cost is divided optimally among the companies, with all players benefiting from cooperation. The proposed cost allocation is illustrated for the Australian 50-bus power system example.
SPECT: Patient Selection

Patient selection plays an important role in the appropriate utilization of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in order to maximize clinical impact. The indications and contraindications for specific patient populations with regard to myocardial perfusion imaging as well as appropriate stress modalities will be examined. Applications of the appropriate use criteria will also be presented and provide a basis for optimization of SPECT MPI use.
Triptans Use for Migraine Headache among Nonelderly Adults with Cardiovascular Risk

Objective. To examine the association between the cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and triptans use among adults with migraine. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. Data were derived from 2009–2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The study sample consisted of adults (age > 21 years) with migraine headache (N = 1,652). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between CV risk factors and triptans use. Results. Overall, 21% adults with migraine headache used triptans. Nearly two-thirds (61%) of adults with migraine had at least one CV risk factor. A significantly lower percentage of adults with CV risk (18.1%) used triptans compared to those without CV risk factors (25.5%). After controlling for demographic, socioeconomic status, access to care, and health status, adults with no CV risk factors were more likely to use triptans as compared to those with one CV risk factor (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.17–2.87). There were no statistically significant differences in triptans use between those with two or more CV risk factors and those with one CV risk factor. Conclusion. An overwhelming majority of adults with migraine had a contraindication to triptans based on their CV risk factors. The use of triptans among adults with migraine and multiple CV risk factors warrants further investigation.
Abstract POSTER-BIOL-1318: Claudin 4 controls the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 pro-oncogenic switch through β-catenin

EphA2, which is expressed in ovarian cancer, is activated by two different mechanisms. Activation by engagement with one of its ephrin ligands is anti-oncogenic whereas activation by phosphorylation of S897 by AKT increases migration, invasion and metastasis. Down-regulation of claudin-4 (CLDN4) produces a loss of E-cadherin and increased β-catenin signaling and a phenotype similar to that produced by oncogenic activation of EphA2. We found that constitutive knockdown of CLDN4 was associated with a 4.5-fold increase in EphA2 mRNA and a 2.5-fold increase in EphA2 protein which was reversed by re-expression of CLDN4. Knockdown of EphA2 blocked the migratory phenotype induced by loss of CLDN4. Knockdown of CLDN4 resulted in a 5.8-fold increase in pEphA(S897), the oncogenic form of the receptor, as well as mislocalization of EphA2 to the interior of the cell. Forced expression of E-cadherin did not reduce total EphA2 or pEphA(S897) whereas re-expression of CLDN4 restored localization and reduced EphA2 and pEphA(S897) even in cells not expressing E-cadherin. Transient siRNA-mediated knockdown of EphA2 and β-catenin, and inhibition of PI3K by LY294002, demonstrated that increased pEphA(S897) in the CLDN4 knockdown cells was attributable to an increase in the level of active dephospho- β-catenin upstream of PI3K and AKT. We conclude that CLDN4 serves to restrain pro-oncogenic signaling from EphA2 by limiting the activity of β-catenin and PI3K and preventing phosphorylation of EphA2 on S897 by AKT. This suggests that interventions directed at enhancing the level or functional activity of CLDN4 may be of therapeutic interest. Citation Format: Xiying Shang, MD, PhD, Xinjian Lin, MD, Stephen B. Howell, MD. Claudin 4 controls the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 pro-oncogenic switch through β-catenin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(16 Suppl):Abstract nr POSTER-BIOL-1318.