cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of cycle duration and test hardware in relative humidity cycling of a polymer electrolyte membrane

Abstract In this study, relative humidity (RH) cycling accelerated stress testing (AST) is pursued on a supplier's catalyst coated membrane (CCM). The experimental design includes three RH cycles and two test cell/membrane electrode assembly (MEA) formats. All three cycles tested are shorter than the Department of Energy (DOE) protocol and model simulations indicate that deep and fast hydration swings could still be retained. Edge failure is observed in one test cell, which is in part responsible for the shorter lifetime in RH cycling as compared to using another test cell and suggests a test hardware harmonization if the lifetime is referenced to a target or compared between different materials. Nevertheless, the trends of H2 crossover versus the number of cycles and overall test time remain consistent for two hardware formats. This finding suggests that RH cycling could be effectively used to investigate a control factor, such as cycle duration, based on a single hardware and material, towards the development of system strategies on a fuel cell vehicle. Furthermore, since the H2 crossover versus RH cycling test time plots exhibit clear separation for three cycles, the frequency and duration of cycles both play a role in determining the membrane lifetime.
We Are in a Book: Using Metafictive Picture Books to Facilitate Emergent Literacy Goals

Purpose Literature-based intervention is used to facilitate both early language and emergent literacy goals, which supports success in later reading and writing. Best practices in choosing picture ...
A Safety Net Unraveling: Feeding Young Children During COVID-19.

The emergence of COVID-19 in the United States led most states to close or severely limit the capacity of their early child-care and education (ECE) programs. This loss affected millions of young children, including many of the 4.6 million low-income children who are provided free meals and snacks by their ECE programs through support from the federal Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP).Although Congress swiftly authorized waivers that would allow CACFP-participating ECE programs to continue distributing food to children, early evidence suggests that most ECE programs did not have the capacity to do so, leaving a fragmented system of federal, state, and local food programs to fill the gaps created by this loss.Critical steps are needed to repair our nation's fragile ECE system, including greater investment in CACFP, to ensure the nutrition, health, and development of young children during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print November 19, 2020: e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305980).
Organizational Sets, Populations and Fields: Evolving Board Interlocks and Environmental NGOs

This paper redirects the study of heterogeneity in field-level studies. Through an empirical examination of board interlocks between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and corporations and foundations, this paper analyzes changes at three levels − the organizational field, population and set. Our study finds that nearly half of the NGOs in our sample have no interlocks with corporations and foundations, and that there is a strong presence of corporate ties with the remaining NGOs. Between 2000 and 2005, we find that NGO ties with foundations and other NGOs are increasing in number and density, and that the field is showing increasing centralization of a small number of NGOs. We propose that attention to these micro-levels of the organizational population and set provides a more nuanced understanding of how change occurs at the macro level levels of the organizational field.
Role of a Time Delay in the Gravitational Two-Body Problem

In the traditional frame of classical electrodynamics, a hydrogen atom would emit electromagnetic waves and thus constantly lose energy (radiative damping), resulting in the fall of the electron on the proton over a finite period of time. The corresponding results were derived under the assumption of the instantaneous interaction between the proton and the electron. In 2004, Raju published a paper where he removed the assumption of the instantaneous interaction and studied the role of a time delay (retardation) in the classical hydrogen atom. He introduced a model of this effect that can be solved analytically. He calculated the radius rsel of a selected orbit, for which this effect (the retardation) and the radiation reaction force would cancel each other with respect to the tangential acceleration. It turned out that rsel is by an order of magnitude smaller than the Bohr radius. In the present paper we use Raju’s model for the corresponding gravitational (rather than electromagnetic) situation. In frames of Newton’s gravity, we calculate analytically the radius and the energy Esel of a selected orbit, for which the retardation effect and the radiation reaction force (caused by the emission of gravitational waves) would cancel each other out with respect to the tangential acceleration. Then we compare our outcome with some results of Kaplan’s solution for the two-body gravitational problem based on the Schwarzschild’s field. We show that Esel is very close to the minimum energy of bound states obtained by Kaplan in Einstein’s gravity. We emphasize that the selected orbit from the present paper represents the second only physical situation (the first being a uniformly accelerated charge) where the radiation reaction force is (effectively) zero, but the radiation-caused energy loss is not zero.
The Plantation's Outsides: The Work of Settlement in Kalimpong, India

While the colonial and contemporary economy of Bengal's Himalayan foothills is most often associated with the tea plantations of Darjeeling and the Dooars, the small farms of nearby Kalimpong were also a key space in which colonial agents and missionaries worked to “settle” the mountainous terrain. Focused on Kalimpong, this article traces the trajectory of one technology of settlement, agricultural extension, from the late 1880s to the early 1940s. It highlights agricultural extension's racialized and gendered politics, as well as its implication in a long-term project that merged material (i.e., food) provision with social reproduction (i.e., childrearing, kin-making). Agricultural extension created a patchwork of relatively biodiverse small farms that historical and contemporary accounts describe as a “green belt”: a socio-ecological outside to the plantation monocultures that dominate the hills. British governors attempted to use non-plantation space for multiple ends. In this sense, their work might be termed “biopolitical,” in that it was geared toward supporting and amplifying the life chances of certain human bodies and certain botanical species. Through a series of experiments, colonial agents made calculated choices about which of these forms of life should be made to flourish, and which might be allowed to perish. Importantly, settlement, as a set of intertwined projects, did not unfold in a coherent or deliberately sequential manner. Settlement was, and continues to be, a sedimentary process.
Safety and tolerability of chronic intranasal oxytocin in older men: results from a randomized controlled trial

Most studies evaluating the safety and tolerability of intranasal oxytocin (OT) have not reported consistent adverse events (AEs), but they have largely focused on young men and single-dose administration. Thus, it is unclear whether these findings translate to older individuals and with longer administration periods. Extending previous work, this study investigated the safety and tolerability of chronic intranasal OT in generally healthy older men. Data were from a randomized, placebo (P)-controlled, double-blind clinical trial evaluating the effects of 4 weeks of self-administered intranasal OT (24 IU twice daily) in older adults with no major physical or cognitive impairments. Heart rate, blood pressure, urine osmolality, and serum metabolic biomarkers were obtained before and at the end of the intervention. AEs were collected during the first 3 weeks and 1 week after cessation of treatment. Of 103 participants recruited, 95 were randomized and received the intervention (OT = 49, P = 46). OT had no significant impact on cardiovascular, urine, or serum measures. The AEs reported for both treatments were generally mild and few in number, though one participant assigned to OT and two assigned to P dropped out due to AEs. Relative to P, OT did not significantly increase the likelihood of reporting AEs, nor the number or severity of AEs reported. Chronic intranasal OT appears safe and well-tolerated in generally healthy older men. These findings provide support for continued human research on potential benefits of chronic OT in older adult populations.
Media representation of an imagined imperial community: Digital media reports in Japan at the dawn of the Reiwa era and Emperor Naruhito’s ascension to the throne

Drawing on media portrayals of the Japanese imperial family since the end of World War II, this study explores an imagined imperial community represented through Japanese digital media reports culm...
Antibody Responses After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in Residential Older Adults: Implications for Reopening.

ABSTRACT Objective COVID-19 disproportionately impacts residents in long-term care facilities. Our objective was to quantify the presence and magnitude of antibody response in vaccinated, older adult residents at assisted living, personal care, and independent living communities. Design A cross-sectional quality improvement study was conducted March 15 – April 1, 2021 in the greater Pittsburgh region. Setting and Population Participants were older adult residents at assisted living, personal care, and independent living communities, who received mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. Conditions that impair immune responses were exclusionary criteria. Methods Sera were collected to measure IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody level with reflex to total anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin levels, and blinded evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization titers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis evaluated relationships between factors potentially associated with antibody levels. Spearman correlations were calculated between antibody levels and neutralization titers. Results All participants (N = 70) had received two rounds of vaccination and were found to have antibodies with wide variation in relative levels. Antibody levels trended lower in males, advanced age, current use of steroids, and longer length of time from vaccination. Pseudovirus neutralization titer levels were strongly correlated (P Conclusions and Implications Higher functioning, healthier, residential older adults mounted detectable antibody responses when vaccinated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Data suggests some degree of immunity is present during the immediate period following vaccination. However, protective effects remain to be determined in larger studies as clinical protection is afforded by ongoing adaptive immunity, which is known to be decreased in older adults. This study provides important preliminary results on level of population risk in older adult residents at assisted living, personal care, and independent living communities to inform reopening strategies, but are not likely to be translatable for residents in nursing homes.
Morphological Evolution of the Hosts of Far-Infrared/Sub-millimeter Galaxies

We present a host morphological study of 1,265 far-infrared galaxies (FIRGs) and sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the Cosmic Evolution Survey field using the F160W and F814W images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. The FIRGs and the SMGs are selected from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey and the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey, respectively. Their precise locations are based on the interferometry data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the Very Large Array. The vast majority of these objects are at $0.1\lesssim z\lesssim 3$. While the SMGs do not constitute a subset of the FIRGs in our selection due to the signal-to-noise ratio thresholds, SMGs can be regarded as the population at the high-redshift tail of FIRGs. Most of our FIRGs/SMGs have total infrared luminosity ($L_{\rm IR}$) in the regimes of luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs, $L_{\rm IR} = 10^{11-12}L_\odot$; ULIRGs, $L_{\rm IR}>10^{12}L_\odot$). The hosts of the SMG ULIRGs, FIRG ULIRGs and FIRG LIRGs are of sufficient numbers to allow for detailed analysis, and they are only modestly different in their stellar masses. Their morphological types are predominantly disk galaxies (type "D") and irregular/interacting systems (type "Irr/Int"). There is a morphological transition at $z\approx 1.25$ for the FIRG ULIRG hosts, above which the Irr/Int galaxies dominate and below which the D and the Irr/Int galaxies have nearly the same contributions. The SMG ULIRG hosts seem to experience a similar transition. This suggests a shift in the relative importance of galaxy mergers/interactions versus secular gas accretions in "normal" disk galaxies as the possible triggering mechanisms of ULIRGs. The FIRG LIRG hosts are predominantly D galaxies over $z=0.25-1.25$ where they are of sufficient statistics.
P-150: Quality of life, psychological distress, and prognostic awareness in patients with Multiple Myeloma

Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy requiring long-term, continuous therapy. Despite its chronic and unrelenting course, studies examining quality of life (QOL), psychological distress, and prognostic awareness by line of therapy are lacking. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, multi-site study of patients undergoing treatment for MM (excluding maintenance therapy) between 6/2020-1/2021. To capture the full spectrum of treatment, we conducted purposeful sampling and recruited patients to 3 cohorts based on lines of therapy: 1) newly diagnosed receiving first-line therapy; 2) 2-3 lines; and 3) ≥ 4 lines. Patients completed validated questionnaires to assess their QOL, symptom burden, fatigue, psychological distress, and perceptions of prognosis. We used multivariate linear regression models to examine the association between lines of therapy, QOL, psychological distress, with patient’s perception of their prognosis. Results We enrolled 180 patients with MM (newly diagnosed (n=60), 2-3 lines (n=60), and ≥4 lines of therapy (n=60)). QOL, symptom burden, mood, and fatigue scores did not differ by lines of therapy. The rate of clinically significant depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms were 23.9% (43/180), 23.9% (43/180), and 24.4% (44/180), respectively. Overall, 84% (147/175) of patients reported that it is “extremely” or “very” important to know about their prognosis, and the majority (66.1%, 117/177) stated that they had received adequate information regarding their prognosis. Most patients, 84.7% (149/176) reported that their oncologist told them their cancer was incurable but only 30.6% (53/173) acknowledged that they were terminally ill and only 42.0% (73/174) reported that they thought their cancer was incurable. Patients receiving 2-3 lines of therapy were more likely to acknowledge their terminal illness (36.7% vs. 19.6%, p=0.045) and that their MM was incurable (90.0% vs. 75.9%, p=0.047) compared to those receiving first-line therapy. QOL and psychological distress were not associated with patient’s perception that their MM was incurable. However, patients who acknowledged their terminal illness reported higher depression (B=1.52, P = 0.009), anxiety (B=1.52, P=0.0037), symptom burden (B=7.42, P=0.007), and lower QOL (B=-14.78, p=0.001). Conclusions MM patients undergoing treatment experience impaired QOL and elevated psychological distress across the disease continuum, irrespective of their line of therapy. Although the majority reported that their oncologist has told them that their cancer is incurable, a substantial proportion still have significant misperceptions of their prognosis. Interventions are needed to improve patients’ QOL, reduce their psychological distress, and enhance patients’ perceptions of their prognosis to facilitate informed decision-making.
The poetics of sovereignty in American literature, 1885-1910

During the Progressive Era, the United States regularly suspended its own laws to regulate racialized populations. Judges and administrators relied on the rhetoric of sovereignty to justify such legal practices, while in American popular culture, sovereignty helped authors coin tropes that have become synonymous with American exceptionalism today. In this book, Andrew Hebard challenges the notion of sovereignty as a 'state of exception' in American jurisprudence and literature at the turn of the twentieth century. Hebard explores how literary trends such as romance and realism helped conventionalize, and thereby sanction, the federal government's use of sovereignty in a range of foreign and domestic policy matters, including the regulation of overseas colonies, immigration, Native American lands, and extra-legal violence in the American South. Weaving historiography with close readings of Mark Twain, the Western, and other hallmarks of Progressive Era literature, Hebard's study offers a new cultural context for understanding the legal history of race relations in the United States.
Treatment of Inherited Eye Defects by Systemic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

METHODS. We isolated HSPCs from transgenic DsRed mice and systemically transplanted irradiated Ctns � /� mice. A year posttransplantation, we investigated the fate and function of HSPCs by in vivo confocal and fluorescence microscopy (IVCM), quantitative RT-PCR (RTqPCR), mass spectrometry, histology, and by measuring the IOP. To determine the mechanism by which HSPCs may rescue disease cells, we transplanted Ctns � /� mice with Ctns � /� DsRed HSPCs virally transduced to express functional CTNS-eGFP fusion protein. RESULTS. We found that a single systemic transplantation of wild-type HSPCs prevented ocular pathology in the Ctns � /� mice. Engraftment-derived HSPCs were detected within the cornea, and also in the sclera, ciliary body, retina, choroid, and lens. Transplantation of HSPC led to substantial decreases in corneal cystine crystals, restoration of normal corneal thickness, and lowered IOP in mice with high levels of donor-derived cell engraftment. Finally, we found that HSPC-derived progeny differentiated into macrophages, which displayed tunneling nanotubes capable of transferring cystinosin-bearing lysosomes to diseased cells.
Computability Logic: a formal theory of interaction

Generalizing the traditional concepts of predicates and their truth to interactive computational problems and their effective solvability, computability logic conservatively extends classical logic to a formal theory that provides a systematic answer to the question of what and how can be computed, just as traditional logic is a systematic tool for telling what is true. The present chapter contains a comprehensive yet relatively compact overview of this very recently introduced framework and research program. It is written in a semitutorial style with general computer science, logic and mathematics audiences in mind.
Exchange rate parity for trade and development: The Philippines: Failure in policy and politics

By the time of its independence and for at least the next 10 years the Philippines had a high growth rate of GDP and one of the highest per-capita incomes in Asia. The 9% aggregate annual growth rate of the 1950s declined to 5% in the 1960s, briefly increased 6.8% in 1973–1979, hovered around zero till the end of the Marcos era in 1985, peaked briefly at 5.8% in the early Aquino period, and has stagnated since 1990 (Table 10.1). Considering the sizeable rate of population growth of 2.7%, this aggregate growth record produced an annual growth rate of 1.3% on a per-capita basis for the period 1965–1990. Incomes are only the tip of the iceberg. In fact, the economy has unravelled so rapidly since the 1960s that today the Philippines is considered a distinct development failure. The development play of the Philippines was enacted on a stage of some enduring institutional features and in the shifting setting of various policy regimes. The stage and the setting are discussed in the next section. They are followed by a more detailed analysis of various policy initiatives and of the development outcomes. The stage and the setting Land concentration and land reform The Spanish colonial period bequeathed the Philippines the legacy of large agricultural estates run by landlord elites. The U.S., which succeeded Spain as colonial master at the beginning of the 20th century, was primarily interested in the Philippine cash-crop exports and in placing American consumer goods in the local market. This led to a long period of a dualistic economic and agrarian structure and to the neglect of subsistence agriculture (Ranis and Stewart, 1993).
Balls in Boxes: Variations on a Theme of Warren Ewens and Herbert Wilf

We discuss, from an experimental mathematics viewpoint, a classical problem in epidemiology recently discussed by Ewens and Wilf, that can be formulated in terms of “balls in boxes”, and demonstrate that the “Poission approximation” (usually) suffices.
MT signals: better with time.

A new study shows the evolution of a computation in cortical area MT. Neurons that calculate visual motion go from fast approximation to a slower, more accurate solution.
The aqueous solubility product of solid solutions: 2. Extension to binary solutions with stoichiometric coefficients greater than unity; analogy with vapor pressure of a binary liquid solution

Abstract For simple binary solid solutions with stoichiometric coefficients of unity, the analogy of total aqueous solubility product with total vapor pressure is straightforward. For either case, ideal systems show linearity of mole fraction with either total solubility product or total vapor pressure. For binary solid solutions with stoichiometric coefficients greater than unity, there is curvature in the plot of mole fraction against total solubility product, even for an ideal system. The curvature is similar to positive deviation from Raoult's law in a liquid-vapor system. The analogy of the total solubility product with the total vapor pressure is fully examined. Conceptual similarities between the two systems are explored. It is shown that Lippmann's solutus curve, which he developed by analogy with the isothermal condensation curve of a liquid-vapor system, coincides with solubility calculations by classical thermodynamics. A hypothetical liquid-vapor model system is constructed to show that the curvature in total solubility diagrams, introduced by stoichiometric coefficients greater than unity, would have an analog in the liquid-vapor system if the liquid-vapor system contained the stoichiometric constraints inherent in a solid-aqueous system.
The University Worksite Organ Donation Project: a comparison of two types of worksite campaigns on the willingness to donate.

Morgan SE, Stephenson MT, Afifi W, Harrison TR, Long SD, Chewning LV. The University Worksite Organ Donation Project: a comparison of two types of worksite campaigns on the willingness to donate. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 600–605. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: To test the impact of different campaign strategies, a year-long campaign was conducted to promote organ donation among university faculty, staff, and students. Two universities were assigned to each of three conditions: a media-only campaign, a mass media-plus-interpersonal outreach condition, and a control condition. Universities were counter-balanced by geographic region and diversity of population. Changes from pretest to post-test on the key-dependent measures, including signing a donor card and discussing donation with family members, were significantly greater in the media-plus-interpersonal condition than either the mass media only or control conditions. Implications for the creation of campaigns to promote other health behaviors are examined.
The Art and Science of Publishing: Reflections from Editors of Surgery Journals.

Abstract During the 8th Annual Academic Surgical Congress held in New Orleans, Louisiana, on February 5–7, 2013, the Association for Academic Surgery (AAS) Presidential Session was dedicated to the topic of publishing. A survey consisting of 37 questions on issues related to publishing was administered to the AAS membership 1 mo before the meeting. The results of the survey were then presented during the 2013 AAS Presidential Session. In addition, a panel of five editors from surgery journals relevant to the membership of the AAS was convened to discuss topics addressed in the results of the survey. These topics included: (1) how to publish in high-impact factor journals; (2) top five reasons why manuscripts get rejected; (3) the do's and don'ts of publishing (i.e., ethics of publishing); (4) how to get on an editorial board; and (5) the future of publishing. This review summarizes the contents of this AAS Presidential Session and provides information relevant for any academician, investigator, or scientist.
Incidental thyroid carcinoma in patients with Graves' disease

Abstract Background The clinical significance of incidental thyroid carcinoma in patients with Graves’ disease is uncertain. Methods The prevalence of incidental thyroid carcinoma was determined in patients with Graves’ disease who underwent surgery from 1990 to 2007 and was compared with patients with nontoxic nodular goiter or toxic multinodular goiter who underwent surgery during the same time period. Results Of the 93 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease, 2 patients (2.2%) had an incidental papillary carcinoma: .4 and .5 cm in size. Neither patient developed recurrent disease after 3 and 13 years of follow-up evaluation. The prevalence of incidental thyroid cancer was 3.6% and 6.2% in patients with nontoxic nodular goiter and toxic multinodular goiter, respectively (P = not significant). Conclusions The prevalence of incidental thyroid carcinoma in patients with Graves’ disease is comparable with patients with nontoxic or toxic goiter. Incidental thyroid carcinomas in patients with Graves’ disease were papillary microcarcinomas of no clinical consequence.
Processing radical prostatectomies: an alternate-slice method is comparable with total embedding

Receipt of radical prostatectomy specimens in the histopathology laboratory is quite common in academic centers and community hospitals. Despite numerous processing protocols, there is not an accepted standard method of processing. There are potential disadvantages of total sampling of the prostate; however, other alternatives have not been proven to show significant advantages. We present a partial sampling method (alternate slice) and compare its results to the total embedding method. Consecutive radical prostatectomy specimens were selected to compare both histologic sampling methods. The primary method of sampling was total embedding. Subsequently, alternate slice sections from the anterior, middle, and posterior thirds of the gland were reviewed. Seminal vesicle, bladder neck, and margins were similarly evaluated in both methods. Total sampling resulted in an average of 30 blocks compared with 18 in the alternate slice method. Gleason correlation was 87.5%; extraprostatic extension correlation was 97.9%. There was complete correlation in margin status and perineural invasion. Pathologic staging correlation was 97.9%. In summary, this alternate slice method compares very favorably with the total embedding method.
Decrease in bladder overactivity with REN1820 in rats with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Studies suggest that nerve growth factor (NGF) contributes to bladder overactivity stemming from bladder inflammation. Studies were performed to determine the NGF dependence of cyclophosphamide (CYP) induced changes in bladder function using the recombinant NGF sequestering protein REN1820.Materials and Methods: Urodynamic testing and behavioral observations were made in female rats treated with CYP (4 or 48 hours) and REN1820 or vehicle.Results: Rats examined 4 or 48 hours after CYP treatment plus REN1820 showed significantly fewer nonvoiding contractions with smaller amplitude (p ≤0.01). Rats examined 48 hours after CYP treatment plus REN1820 showed decreased voiding frequency (p ≤0.01). No changes in filling, threshold or micturition pressure were observed with REN1820 treatment. Rats treated with CYP plus REN1820 showed greater mobility and normal resting postures compared with rats treated with CYP plus vehicle.Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that the use of the NGF sequesteri...
Preparation of High-Purity Submicron Barium Titanate Powders

Simultaneous hydrolytic decomposition of barium bis isopropoxide and titanium tetrakis tertiary amyloxide was used to produce stoichiometric BaTiO3. The particle size range was 50 to 150 A. The purity was 99.98+%, the major contaminant being silicon from the glass apparatus. The homogeneity and stoichiometry of the powder were demonstrated by electron microscopy and wet chemical analysis. X-ray and infrared analyses indicate that the material, as-prepared and helium-dried at 5O°C, has the titanate crystal structure. The powder sinters at 1300°C to a high density, translucent body with a uniform microstructure. The experiments suggest that the alkoxy-based preparation of oxides may provide a broad base for improving the quality and reproducibility of electrical and structural ceramics.
Urine polyelectrolytes: Binding of phosphate, calcium and magnesium

Abstract The chemical and physical properties of urine polyelectrolytes (UPE) from lambs were studied. The large molecular weight fraction of UPE was similar to that of serum proteins but there were some differences that could have been caused by aggregation or dissociation. The small molecular weight fraction contained a large amount of glycine and hydroxyproline consistent with collagen fragments. Amino acid analysis showed that the UPE contain more acidic than basic amino acids, thus are negatively charged. Ultrafiltration studies indicated that inorganic phosphate is bound to the UPE. Because of the negative nature of the UPE the inorganic phosphate is probably bound to cations which are associated with the UPE. This type of binding could result in the formation of the UPE-calcium/magnesium-phosphate complex. Therefore, we propose that the UPE provide the binding sites for magnesium or calcium. The divalent cations would in turn form phosphates which could initiate aggregation to form the matrix.
Individual variability in cue-weighting and lexical tone learning

Speech sound patterns can be discerned using multiple acoustic cues. The relative weighting of these cues is known to be language-specific. Speech-sound training in adults induces changes in cue-weighting such that relevant acoustic cues are emphasized. In the current study, the extent to which individual variability in cue weighting contributes to differential success in learning to use foreign sound patterns was examined. Sixteen English-speaking adult participants underwent a sound-to-meaning training paradigm, during which they learned to incorporate Mandarin linguistic pitch contours into words. In addition to cognitive tests, measures of pitch pattern discrimination and identification were collected from all participants. Reaction time data from the discrimination task was subjected to 3-way multidimensional scaling to extract dimensions underlying tone perception. Two dimensions relating to pitch height and pitch direction were found to underlie non-native tone space. Good learners attended more to pitch direction relative to poor learners, before and after training. Training increased the ability to identify and label pitch direction. The results demonstrate that variability in the ability to successfully learn to use pitch in lexical contexts can be explained by pre-training differences in cue-weighting.
Platelet protein synthesis studied in a cell-free system.

Zwei Klassen von Polyribosomen wurden von menschlichen Thrombozyten isoliert. Diese Polysome synthetisierten myosin- und actinahnliche Proteine in einem zellfreien System. Isolierung und Reinigung dieser Eiweisskorper zeigten deren Bildung in einer nativen Form an. Analyse der polysomalen Grosse indizierte die Synthese dieser Proteine an monocystronischen RNA-Molekulen.
Provision of Internet privacy and market conditions: An empirical analysis

Importing insights from an industrial organization model, this study analyzes the relationship between the provision of Internet privacy protection and market conditions. A composite sample of heavily trafficked and randomly selected sites was examined as to their level of privacy protection, as indicated by interface features of Notice and Choice. The analyses showed the limited supply of such functionalities by most websites, far short of the industry's standard of conduct. Logistic regressions demonstrated that domain and website attributes, indicative of market conditions, had minimal impact on the likelihood of high privacy provision. The findings shed critical lights on the market-based FTC Internet privacy principle that has been placed since 1998 and indicate the need for a new set of interface-focused policy proposals in domain-context specific regulations.
Police-reported intimate partner violence during pregnancy and the risk of antenatal hospitalization.

Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem and the abuse of women during pregnancy is of particular concern. Few studies have addressed the relationship between IPV and antenatal hospitalization. This study utilized a novel approach to examine the impact of IPV during pregnancy on antenatal hospitalization not associated with delivery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included Seattle women residents 16–49 years of age. Exposed subjects were women with a police-reported IPV incident during pregnancy in the years 1995 through 1998 and who subsequently had a singleton live birth or fetal death. The unexposed group was composed of randomly selected residents with a singleton birth or fetal death and without a police-reported IPV incident during the study period. Linked hospital discharge files and birth records were utilized to determine study outcomes. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Women reporting any IPV during pregnancy were twice as likely as unexposed women to experience an antenatal hospitalization not associated with delivery (aAOR 2.39, CI 1.77, 3.24). Women with IPV were more likely to have been hospitalized with a substance abuse-related diagnosis (aOR 2.70, CI 1.52, 4.78) or a mental health-related diagnosis (aOR 1.93, CI 0.96, 3.91). Physical IPV was more strongly associated with antenatal hospitalization than nonphysical IPV or IPV overall. Conclusion: This study suggests that women hospitalized during pregnancy, particularly those with substance abuse and mental health-related conditions, may be at high risk for concurrent IPV.
Queue Storage Design for Metered On-Ramps

Queue storage at a metered freeway on-ramp is an essential design element for metered on-ramps to prevent on-ramp queue from extending beyond on-ramps. In this paper, various existing methodologies that are used to size the queue storage at metered on-ramps were first reviewed. It was found that queue storage sized using 7% of peak hour on-ramp demand is widely accepted in practice. A limited dataset collected in California helps provide some reality check for this method. It is recommended that queue storage be recognized as an indispensable design element at metered on-ramps, and detailed sizing guidance be developed in the highway geometric design policy of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
The effect of unilateral alpha training on visual evoked response in a dyslexic adolescent.

To further elucidate the possible relationship between alpha waves and the averaged visual evoked response (VER), a pilot study with a dyslexic adolescent was undertaken. Baseline alpha and VER were recorded and bilateral alpha training done. After each trial the VER was recorded. By analysis of variance it was found that alpha training significantly increased the amplitude of VER (p < .001). Baseline values for amplitudes of the VER fluctuated widely from zero but were not correlated with percent alpha. Next a system was devised to train alpha unilaterally. The subject was given a feedback response when he produced 0.5 sec of alpha in the left hemisphere and concurrently 0.5 sec of beta or theta in the right hemisphere. Alpha time on the left significantly increased over the 5 day (4 trials per day) period, as did beta and theta time on the right. Left minus right VER amplitude difference was also increased and correlated (p < .05) with both alpha (L) and beta or theta (R) percent time increases.
Remote probing using spatially filtered apertures

The use of spatial filters, or weighting functions, on transmitting and receiving apertures used on line-of-sight propagation paths is a powerful technique for probing the velocity and refractivity structure of the transmission medium. Provided that the weak-scattering approximation is appropriate, simple and inexpensive techniques offer on the order of 100 resolution elements along the path, with little or no data processing required. A simple optical experiment has been conducted over a 61 m path, with a resolution-cell size of about 0.7 m long, 0.1 m3 volume, with results that compare well with anemometer measurements.
Short-term memory encoding strategies of the deaf

Deaf Ss, using an ABX procedure, evaluated nine consonant letters in terms of the subjective kinesthetic similarity of their dactylic representations. Ranked data were compared to short-term memory recall errors for the same stimuli in a similar group of deaf Ss (Conrad & Rush, 1965). Findings suggest that deaf Ss do not encode orthographic stimuli with a dactylo-kinesthetic system exclusively, if at all.
Galactose-Containing Carbohydrates Are Preferentially Absorbed in the Neonatal Pig Colon

Previous studies on the piglet colon in newborns cleared of bacterial metabolic activity showed a capacity for lactose absorption. Colonic absorption occurred at a flux rate equal to the assimilation of lactose by the small intestine but by a process that did not involve either glucose-galactose sodium cotransport or simple diffusion. Surprisingly, colonic lactose transport did not require either fermentation or cleavage of the disaccharide for uptake. Experiments were designed to test the selectivity of the colonic transport process for a variety of carbohydrates. Colonic tissues from 4-7-d-old piglets were mounted in Ussing chambers and the mucosal-to-serosal flux of radiolabeled carbohydrates was compared with that of lactose. The results showed a 3-4-fold greater flux of galactose-containing sugars as compared with glucose-containing carbohydrates at concentrations up to 40 mM. Even lactulose, a synthetic disaccharide assumed to require bacterial digestion before assimilation, was transported readily. N-Acetylgalactosamine, a component of colonic mucus, inhibited the flux of lactose, whereas N-acetylglucosamine did not. Similarly, lactosylated BSA inhibited lactose flux, whereas nonlactosylated BSA did not. The capacity of the colon of the newborn to differentiate moieties as similar as glucose and galactose suggests an absorptive process for carbohydrates with a high degree of discrimination.
Gladstone, Midlothian, and stump oratory

This study examines prime minister William E. Gladstone's oratorical campaign tactics in the British General Election of 1880. Never before had an English politician made such a direct appeal to the voters. Such tactics were considered “vulgarly American.” Gladstone's success blasted such notions and caused, until the advent of mass media presentations, generations of politicians to follow in his technique.
Phosphorus distribution in smectite-bearing basal metalliferous sediments

Abstract The mineralogy and P, Fe and Mn contents of basal metalliferous and nonmetalliferous sediments of two Deep Sea Drilling Project cores (Sites 77 and 80) were investigated. When compared with superjacent nonmetalliferous material, basal metalliferous sediments are significantly enriched in P, Fe and Mn. Among the phases present in the metalliferous sediment samples are a poorly-crystalline Fe-rich smectite and X-ray amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides. P is associated primarily with the oxyhydroxides. Adsorption of phosphate on smectite does not seem to play any role in the uptake of P by metalliferous sediments. An estimate of the removal of P by on- and off-ridge metallogenic deposition suggests that this process strongly affects the overall geochemical balance of phosphorus in the World Ocean.
An evaluation and selection methodology of microcomputer training software: Implications for human resource managers and computer personnel

This paper illustrates the selection of Microcomputer Training Software (TS). A recommendation report ranks the TS in descending order of their correlations to user needs. Implications for human resources directors and computer personnel managers are discussed.
Frequency Division Multiplexing of a Multi-Channel Resistive Pulse Sensor

We present the design, fabrication and testing of a microfluidic multichannel resistive pulse sensor for high throughput counting of microparticles. The high throughput counting results from using multiple parallel microfluidic channels to analyze the sample. Detection is achieved by using frequency division multiplexing where a known and unique frequency is applied to modulate each microchannel and a combined measurement is made across a single pair of electrodes. Testing results using 30μm polystyrene particles demonstrate that the throughput of the multiplexed device is improved 300% over a single channel device. In addition, the AC modulation method reduces the polarization effect on the microelectrodes, and thereby allows for measurement of the actual particle sizes. The multiplexed detection principle can be extended to a larger number of channels to further improve the throughput, without increasing the external detection electronics.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Systematics and Acoustic Behavior of Borinquenula, a New Genus of Brachypterous Coneheaded Katydids Endemic to Puerto Rico (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Copiphorinae)

Borinquenula , new genus, is apparently most closely related to Eriolus , and, although it is a copiphorine, some of its characters suggest the Agraecimae. Three new species are described: martorelli (type-species) 485 to 975 m in the Sierra de Luqunio; caritensis , 700 and 800 m in the Sierra cie Cayey and 845 m in the Cordillera Central; and minor , 100–1000 m in the Cordillera Central, the Sierra ae Cayey, and the Sierra de Luquillo. B. martorelli and caritensis are most similar in morphology but have strikingly different calling songs. The calling song of minor is unusually variable in 3 parameters. The relation between calling song and characters of the stridulatory file in Borinquenula illustrates 3 generalizations that apply to both gryllids and tettigoniids. The characters separating Copiphorinae and Agraeciinae and the history of usage of those 2 subfamily names are discussed.
1-Hexene: a renewable C6 platform for full-performance jet and diesel fuels

A highly efficient and selective process has been developed for the conversion of 1-hexene to jet and diesel fuels. In combination with commercial processes for the dehydration of ethanol and trimerization of ethylene, this work provides a basis for the synthesis of full-performance hydrocarbon fuels from bio-ethanol. Selective oligomerization of 1-hexene with a Cp2ZrCl2/MAO catalyst at ambient temperature and pressure resulted in 100% conversion of 1-hexene with >80% selectivity to a mixture of the dimer and trimer. The hydrogenated dimer had a −20 °C viscosity of only 3.5 mPa s, an exceptionally low freezing point of −77 °C, and a cetane number of 67 suggesting that it has performance characteristics suitable for both jet and diesel fuels. The hydrogenated trimer had a flash point of 128 °C, a cetane number of 92, a 40 °C viscosity of 3.1 mPa s, and a −20 °C viscosity of 24.5 mPa s. These properties suggest that the trimer has applications as a high-performance diesel fuel. In addition to the fuel-range hydrocarbons, heavier oligomers have potential as biolubricants which improves the carbon yield of useful products to near quantitative levels.
The benzodiazepine alprazolam dissociates contextual fear from cued fear in humans as assessed by fear-potentiated startle.

Background The startle reflex is potentiated by aversive states. It has been proposed that phasic startle potentiation to a threat cue and sustained startle potentiation to contextual stimuli reflect distinct processes mediated by different brain structures. The present study tested the hypothesis that alprazolam would reduce the sustained startle potentiation to contextual threats but not the startle potentiation to a threat cue. Methods Sixteen healthy subjects received each of four treatments: placebo, .5 mg of alprazolam, 1 mg of alprazolam, and 50 mg of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) in a crossover design. Participants were exposed to three conditions, including one in which predictable aversive shocks were signaled by a cue, a second in which shocks were administered unpredictably, and a third condition in which no shocks were anticipated. Acoustic startle were delivered regularly across conditions. Results Phasic startle potentiation to the threat cue in the predictable condition was not affected by alprazolam. In contrast, the sustained increase in startle in the predictable and unpredictable conditions was reduced significantly by the high dose of alprazolam. Conclusions Startle responses to an explicit threat cue and to an aversive context are psychopharmacologically distinct, suggesting that they may represent functionally dissociable aversive states.
Recruitment of young adults into a randomized controlled trial of weight gain prevention: message development, methods, and cost.

Young adulthood (age 18 to 35) is a high-risk period for unhealthy weight gain. Few studies have recruited for prevention of weight gain, particularly in young adults. This paper describes the recruitment protocol used in the Study of Novel Approaches to Prevention (SNAP). We conducted extensive formative work to inform recruitment methods and message development. We worked with a professional marketing firm to synthesize major themes and subsequently develop age-appropriate messages for recruitment. A variety of approaches and channels were used across two clinical centers to recruit young adults who were normal or overweight (body mass index (BMI) 21 to 30 kg/m2) for a 3-year intervention designed to prevent weight gain. We tracked recruitment methods, yields, and costs by method. Logistic regression was used to identify recruitment methods that had the highest relative yield for subgroups of interest with covariate adjustments for clinic. The final sample of 599 participants (27% minority, 22% male) was recruited over a 19-month period of sustained efforts. About 10% of those who initially expressed interest via a screening website were randomized. The most common reason for ineligibility was already being obese (BMI >30 kg/m2). The top two methods for recruitment were mass mailing followed by email; together they were cited by 62% of those recruited. Television, radio, paid print advertising, flyers and community events each yielded fewer than 10% of study participants. Email was the most cost-effective method per study participant recruited. These findings can guide future efforts to recruit young adults and for trials targeting weight gain prevention. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01183689 (registered 13 August 2010).