cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Quality of Life after Kidney and Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation

We are using a validated questionnaire (SF-36) to annually assess health-related quality of life (QOL) in kidney and pancreas-kidney transplant recipients. The SF-36 consists of eight scales to assess physical functioning, general health, and mental functioning. Norms and 95% confidence intervals (C.I.) have been developed for the US population. At present, 1138 recipients with functioning grafts (520 Type I diabetic; 618 nondiabetic) 1-10 yr post-transplant have completed the questionnaire. Of the recipients, 446 completed the questionnaire once; 632 twice; and 53 three times (305 after 1 yr; 266 after 2 yr; 256 after 3 yr; 206 after 4 yr; 192 after 5 yr; 150 after 6 yr; 130 after 7 yr; 138 after 8 yr; 125 after 9 yr; 92 after 10 yr). For both diabetic and nondiabetic recipients, there was little change in average scores for each scale between years (p = NS). In relation to the US population, average scores for nondiabetics were below the 50th percentile on all 8 scales; for diabetics < 25th percentile on the physical functioning and vitality scales, < 50th percentile on all others. For both diabetic and nondiabetic recipients, average scores were higher than reported norms for patients with CHF, COPD, or depression but were similar to those with Htn or recent MI. Individual scores were then compared with age-matched means (+/- 2 SEMs) (95% C.I.) for the US population. At each year post-transplant, up to 40% of nondiabetic and up to 65% of diabetic recipients had scores below the 95% C.I. on individual scales (particularly the physical functioning and general health scales)--e.g. over 30% nondiabetic and up to 60% diabetic recipients had scores on the physical functioning scales below the 95% C.I. More diabetic recipients (vs. nondiabetics) reported poor QOL on the physical functioning, general health and social functioning scales. There was little difference in the mental health scales. For those with Type I diabetes, a similar percentage of kidney and K/P recipients reported QOL below the 95% C.I. for the age-matched population, except on the GH scale (better QOL for K/P recipients). We conclude that successful transplant recipients report health-related QOL below that of the age-matched general population but similar to those with other chronic diseases. Diabetic and nondiabetic recipients have similar scores on the mental health scales; nondiabetic recipients score better on the general health and physical functioning scales.
Tumor Suppressors p53 and TGFβ Converge to Regulate the Alpha-Fetoprotein Oncodevelopmental Tumor Marker

Numerous clues, collected from a diverse array of studies, hinted at an intersection between p53 and TGFβ signaling in the regulation of growth arrest and tumor suppression. Now, conclusive evidence linking the two major tumor suppressor paths has been provided by multiple, independent approaches. Here, we discuss the biochemical and molecular characterization that led to the identification of p53 and TGFβ effectors, Smad and SnoN proteins, as cooperative regulators of AFP expression. Interaction of these transcription factors at a composite regulatory element of overlapping p53 and Smad binding sequences evicts the Foxa1 transactivator protein, targets histone modifiers, and alters chromatin structure. These changes in chromatin effect AFP repression during development of liver tissue and in hepatoma cells, which overexpress AFP as a tumor marker, in response to TGFβ. Our analyses of RNA-interference (RNAi)-depleted hepatoma cells and p53-null mice show that p53 and TGFβ signaling act cooperatively and that p73 partially compensates for loss of p53. We also summarize, in this chapter, studies that revealed a required intersection between p53 and TGFβ signaling in activating genes essential for Xenopus embryogenesis, as well as cell cycle arrest of tumor-derived cells. Clearly, regulation of a specific subset of genes requires both p53 and TGFβ signaling, a process likely dictated by tissue-specific expression of coactivators and repressors and modified by numerous signaling inputs. Understanding this cooperative regulatory network may offer new insights into restoration of normal cellular differentiation and tumor suppression.
Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum

Mycobacterium haemophilum is increasingly being recognized as a human pathogen and has been described as an important, albeit uncommon cause of cutaneous mycobacterial disease. We sought to review disease manifestations and recent reports of successful treatment outcomes. M. haemophilum has been reported to cause cutaneous disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Diagnosis can be difficult due to its specific growth requirements of incubation at 32 °C on chocolate agar. In immunocompetent individuals, it has been associated with tattooing. In immunocompromised individuals, an inciting event may not be readily apparent. The optimal treatment regimen is not well defined; however, most patients are managed with combination therapy consisting of a macrolide, a rifamycin, and a fluoroquinolone. Treatment duration is usually several months. M. haemophilum can be challenging to isolate in culture if not suspected initially. Improved recognition of this pathogen will likely lead to earlier diagnosis and management.
The Number of Gr\"obner Bases in Finite Fields

In the field of algebraic systems biology, the number of minimal polynomial models constructed using discretized data from an underlying system is related to the number of distinct reduced Grobner bases for the ideal of the data points. While the theory of Grobner bases is extensive, what is missing is a closed form for their number for a given ideal. This work contributes connections between the geometry of data points and the number of Grobner bases associated to small data sets. Furthermore we improve an existing upper bound for the number of Grobner bases specialized for data over a finite field.
INTERSECTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN HEALTHY AGING WITH HIV

Intersecting stigmatized social identities (i.e., old, Black, gay, HIV+) and structural forms of privilege and oppression (ageism, racism, homophobia, and HIV stigma) can contribute to poor psychological wellbeing and clinical outcomes among older men with HIV (OMH). Using data from 6 focus groups and 15 interviews with 45 gay, bisexual and heterosexual OMH in Brooklyn, NY and inductive thematic analysis methods, we explored the impact of heteronormative gender roles and ideologies associated with masculinity on healthy aging with HIV. We found that changing physical and sexual function, appearance and growing financial expectations created threats to masculinity, fueling fears of perceived weakness, internalized feelings of shame, depression, anticipated loss of social status (partner loss), and loss of independence and autonomy. These findings suggest that normative gender beliefs, a key social determinant of men’s health, aging and intersectional stigma combined undermine psychosocial support and wellbeing and self-care needed to achieve healthy aging.
Caregivers’ Barriers to Facilitating Medication Adherence in Adolescents/Young Adults With Solid Organ Transplants: Measure Development and Validation

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Caregiver Medication Barriers to Adherence Scale (CMBAS), which assesses caregivers' barriers to facilitating medication adherence in adolescent and young adults (AYAs) with solid organ transplants. METHODS The sample included 93 caregivers of AYAs ages 12-22 years who received a liver, kidney, or heart transplant. Caregivers completed the CMBAS and surveys to assess its validity, including internalizing symptoms, personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, conscientiousness), and AYAs' nonadherence to immunosuppressant medications. AYA nonadherence to tacrolimus was objectively assessed via the Medication Level Variability Index (MLVI). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses of the CMBAS revealed a two-factor model: Caregiver Emotional Distress and Caregiver Cognitive Burden/Responsibility. Higher CMBAS scores were related to higher levels of caregiver internalizing symptoms (rs = .28 to .30), neuroticism (r = .27), and caregiver proxy-reported immunosuppressant nonadherence (r = .27), as well as lower levels of caregiver conscientiousness (rs = -.25 to -.26). The CMBAS was not associated with the MLVI (rs = -.13 to -.16). CONCLUSIONS The CMBAS demonstrated reliability and validity for caregivers of AYAs with solid organ transplants. Findings support the use of the CMBAS as a brief clinical screening tool to identify caregivers' barriers to facilitating AYA medication adherence.
Delayed Diagnosis of Duodenal Atresia in an 11 Year Old

Duodenal atresia is a condition typically diagnosed in the neonatal period. Here, we discuss an 11-year-old patient with a new diagnosis of duodenal atresia, discovered during a lysis of adhesions. The patient had a history of malrotation and was status-post Ladd’s procedure, but had continued to experience bilious emesis and symptoms of intestinal obstruction since 1 month of age, resulting in lifetime TPN dependence. She was subsequently diagnosed with microcolon megacystic hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMHS) and underwent loop jejunostomy creation that proved unsuccessful in relieving her symptoms. Duodenal atresia was recognized and repaired intraoperatively during a planned loop jejunostomy revision.
Asymptomatic transmission and the infection fatality risk for COVID-19: Implications for school reopening.

Asymptomatic infection occurs for numerous respiratory viral diseases, including influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We seek to clarify confusion in 3 areas: age-specific risks of transmission and/or disease; various definitions for the COVID-19 "mortality rate," each useful for specific purposes; and implications for student return strategies from preschool through university settings.
Applying Machine Learning to Heuristics for Real Polynomial Constraint Solving

This paper considers the application of machine learning to automatically generating heuristics for real polynomial constraint solvers. We consider a specific choice-point in the algorithm for constructing an open Non-uniform Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition (NuCAD) for a conjunction of constraints, and we learn a heuristic for making that choice. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the learned heuristic. We hope that the approach we take to learning this heuristic, which is not a natural fit to machine learning, can be applied effectively to other choices in constraint solving algorithms.
BK Virus Nephropathy: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies

BK virus reactivation as a result of therapeutic immunosuppression following renal transplant can result in BK polyomavirus nephropathy and renal allograft loss. This is a complex and challenging clinical problem with a range of management options and practices reported in literature. The current standard for early diagnosis and treatment is surveillance by measuring viral DNA in blood using qPCR. Immunosuppression reduction is the cornerstone of effective management but is associated with a risk of acute rejection following treatment.
Noninvasive Tests (NITs) for Hepatic Fibrosis in Fatty Liver Syndrome

Fatty liver syndrome is an emerging health problem in the world, due to the high prevalence of obesity and alcohol use disorder. Given the nature of the disease's advancement to cirrhosis and liver-related complications, it is important to assess the severity of the disease, which is typically done via a liver biopsy. Due to the limitations and risks of liver biopsy, the role of noninvasive tests is essential and evolving to stratify the stage of the liver disease, predict the outcomes, and/or monitor the treatment response. This review is focused on noninvasive tests, including the use of serum-based biomarkers, ultrasound-based shear wave elastography, transient elastography, and magnetic resonance elastography in both clinical and research settings.
Triarchic Neurobehavioral Correlates of Psychopathology in Young Children: Evidence from the Healthy Brain Network Initiative.

Recent initiatives emphasize the need to consider developmental and transdiagnostic contributions of temperamental variation to psychopathological expression. Triarchic neurobehavioral trait dimens...
“The Path of Most Resistance”: Surgeon X and the Graphic Estrangement of Antibiosis

By some estimates, antibiotic resistance (ABR) is expected to kill more than 10 million people by 2050. In response to this growing threat, there has been an increased appearance of science-fictional language and imagery describing the “post-antibiotic apocalypse.” In 2016, Sarah Kenney and John Watkiss created Surgeon X, a comic series that narrates a dystopian future transformed by ABR. However, rather than merely capitalizing on the apocalyptic discourse of a dangerous future, Surgeon X outlines the real, present social entanglements of the antibiotic apocalypse’s “science fictional” qualities in a juxtaposition of image and text. It graphically estranges our own antibiotic moment. In doing so, it reveals also how the interdisciplinary study of literature and science can expand our limited and delayed understanding of ABR. The comic presents the raw matter of the post-antibiotic world in a way that demands readers to rethink present assumptions about biomedicine in politically, ethically, and socially just ways.
Medieval Jokes in Serious Contexts: Speaking Humour to Power

This chapter explores instances of humour that arise in serious medieval contexts, analysing and highlighting its capacity to tell the truth. In recent years the study of humour by modern sociologists and psychologists has expanded from the study of the joke to instances of informal interpersonal humour. Similarly, studies of medieval humour have often focused on self-contained humorous texts such as the fabliaux, and this study expands the analysis of medieval humour by exploring moments of wit or levity in informal contexts and in reported conversation. Moving beyond the standard question of whether such humour is subversive or whether it reinforces power structure, the chapter uses modern studies of humour, power, and gender in interpersonal interaction to examine the dynamics of power in these medieval scenarios. Beginning with examples from Walter Map, Liudprand of Cremona, and John of Salisbury, in which men jockey for advantage through barbed witticisms, it concludes by looking at Middle Welsh tales in which women employ humour to assert power and speak the truth.
Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Vary by Types of Food Outlets in the United States.

Diet quality in the United States is improving over time but remains poor. Food outlets influence diet quality and represent the environments in which individuals make choices about food purchases and intake. The objective of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to evaluate the quality of foods consumed from the four major outlets where food is obtained—stores, full-service restaurants, quick-services restaurants, and schools—and to assess changes over time. This cross-sectional study used 24 h dietary recall data from eight cycles (2003–2004 to 2017–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Linear trend estimation was used to test for changes in HEI scores over time, and balanced repeated replicate weighted linear regression was used to test for differences in total and component scores between types of food outlets. Overall, Americans are not consuming a mix of foods from any major category of food outlet that aligns with dietary guidelines. The total score for schools (65/100 points) and stores (62/100 points) was significantly higher than full-service (51/100 points) and quick-service (39/100 points) restaurants (p < 0.0001). HEI scores significantly improved over time for schools (p < 0.001), including an increase in whole grains from less than 1 point in 2003–2004 to 7 out of 10 points in 2017–2018. In 2017–2018, schools received the maximum score for total fruits, whole fruits, and dairy. Continued research on strategies for improving the quality of foods consumed from restaurants and stores is warranted.
The Infusion Center

Availability of more effective supportive therapies coupled with emergence of novel antineoplastic agents has facilitated administration of cancer treatments outside the hospital setting. Cancer treatments typically require multiple visits. Accordingly, it can be exhausting for patients and their caregivers who are already under a lot of stress including physical, emotional and financial strain, among others. Infusion centers allow providers to help patients better manage and control their disease and associated symptoms by providing a continuity of care throughout their medical need, enhancing continuity of care and improving compliance. Here, we described the major components required for successful operation of a cancer infusion center. The ultimate goal is to offer a patient-centered experience that improves the overall quality of delivered care at a sustainable cost.
Developing Burrowing as a Non-Evoked Readout Assessment for Novel Analgesic Drug Efficacy

Traditional drug development efforts to diminish the problem of chronic pain rely heavily on pain-evoked assays that can yield false positives, leading to confounding assessments of novel drugs. To avoid this, we are looking at burrowing as a novel readout assessment of analgesic efficacy. Preliminary data shows that induction of post-surgical pain reduces this innate behavior by about 35%. In attempt to increase this number, we tested a variety of additional parameters. Blue pads, placed at the bottom of each chamber in order to reduce the sound made when gravel is displaced, increased baseline amounts roughly 40%. Conversely, neither sex of the animal, nor time of day the experiment was performed was found to have an affect on the amount burrowed. Further optimizations of this assay look at habituation and test session length. We found that a 5-day habituation regiment could not be shortened, but a test session length of 15min produced comparable results to the original 60min session. Current studies ar...
Assessing evolutionary relationships of pines in the Oocarpae and Australes subsections using RAPD markers

RAPD marker technology was used to assessevolutionary relationships among species classified inthe Oocarpae and Australes subsections. A total of 127 RAPD markers was assessed across 10taxa in Oocarpae and 8 taxa in Australes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed byneighbor-joining analysis of a p-distance matrixgenerated from the marker data. Results indicate thattaxa in the California Oocarpae are distinctfrom Mesoamerican Oocarpae and Australes.The Mesoamerican Oocarpae and Australes are closely aligned and apparently are derivatives ofa common progenitor, most likely ancestral Pinusoocarpa. The Mesoamerican Oocarpae subsectionis polyphyletic, sharing ancestry with taxa from theTeocote subsection. We propose anevolutionary scenario that suggests that an ancestorof Oocarpae migrated south through Mexico andCentral America, as well as east across the southernUS, with the two paths converging in Florida or theCaribbean. Pinus caribaea var. hondurensisis intermediate between the Mesoamerican Oocarpae and Australes, and its ancestorsformed the species line that migrated to the US fromCentral America. Pinus palustris is the oldestof the Australes species studied, havingdiverged from ancestral Oocarpae as thissubsection moved east. Subsequent divergences withinAustrales produced P. echinata and P. taeda.
Programmed solutions: the step beyond programmed logic [computer architecture]

The task of computer architecture is to match a user application with a base technology. This match is realized by implementing an interpreter of some representation of the application with an efficient realization, measured in cost (area), time (performance) and power. As silicon technology becomes increasingly limited by interconnects, more efficient cellular computers are attractive. Indeed larger cells (compared to FPGAs) seem to offer an improved area /spl times/ time /spl times/ power measure. In order to effectively used them, the programmability obstacle must be overcome. The ALGE experiment showed how this might be done by creating a new class of user representation for scientific applications.
Separability Analyses of Two-Qubit Density Matrices

We pursue a number of analytical directions, motivated to some extent initially by the possibility of developing a methodology for formally proving or disproving a certain conjecture of quantumtheoretical relevance (quant-ph/0308037). It asserts that the 15-dimensional volume occupied by the separable two-qubit density matrices is ( √ 2−1)/3, as measured in terms of the statistical distinguishability metric (four times the Bures or minimal monotone metric). Somewhat disappointingly, however, the several various analyses that we report, though we hope of independent/autonomous interest, appear to provide small indication of how to definitively resolve the conjecture. Among our studies here are ones of: (1) the Bures volumes of the two-dimensional sections of Bloch vectors √
Experimental design for estimating unknown hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer using a genetic algorithm and reduced order model

Abstract We develop an experimental design algorithm to select locations for a network of observation wells that provide the maximum robust information about unknown hydraulic conductivity in a confined, anisotropic aquifer. Since the information that a design provides is dependent on an aquifer's hydraulic conductivity, a robust design is one that provides the maximum information in the worst-case scenario. The design can be formulated as a max–min optimization problem. The problem is generally non-convex, non-differentiable, and contains integer variables. We use a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to perform the combinatorial search. We employ proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to reduce the dimension of the groundwater model, thereby reducing the computational burden posed by employing a GA. The GA algorithm exhaustively searches for the robust design across a set of hydraulic conductivities and finds an approximate design (called the High Frequency Observation Well Design) through a Monte Carlo-type search. The results from a small-scale 1-D test case validate the proposed methodology. We then apply the methodology to a realistically-scaled 2-D test case.
Deployable antenna technology development for the Large Space Systems Technology program

The critical technologies associated with the development of deployable reflector antenna technology for the LSST program will be derived from NASA mission models and the subsequent requirements will be related to the classes of missions involved. The approach formulated for the development of reflector technology is based on the development of specific reflector concepts that have been identified as leading candidates for future applications. The development approach will be augmented by supporting technology disciplines such as controls, materials, electromagnetic analysis, as well as the capability of analytically predicting the overall performance of the large space system.
Molecular surface electrostatic potentials of anticonvulsant drugs

The computed molecular surface electrostatic potentials of a group of anticonvulsants of various chemical types were investigated with the objective of identifying common features that may be related to their activities. The calculations were carried out with the density functional B3P86/6-31G* procedure, using HF/STO-3G*-optimized geometries. Analysis of several statistically based properties of the surface potentials indicates that the negative regions are of primary importance and that an optimum intermediate level of local polarity, or internal charge separation, is required. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 70: 1137–1143, 1998
A Cell-Free Stock of Simian–Human Immunodeficiency Virus That Causes AIDS in Pig-Tailed Macaques Has a Limited Number of Amino Acid Substitutions in Both SIVmacand HIV-1 Regions of the Genome and Has Altered Cytotropism

Abstract We have examined both the sequence changes in the LTR, gag, vif, vpr, vpx, tat, rev, vpu, env, and nef genes and the cell tropism of a cell-free stock of chimeric simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a pig-tailed macaque (PNb) that developed AIDS. This virus (SHIV KU-1 ) is highly pathogenic when inoculated into other macaques. DNA sequence analysis of PCR-amplified products revealed a total of 5 nucleotide changes in the LTR while vif had 2 consensus amino acid changes. The gag, vif, and vpx had no consensus amino acid substitutions, whereas vpr had 1 consensus substitution. The tat and rev genes of the HXB2 region of SHIV KU-1 had 2 and 1 consensus amino acid changes, respectively. The vpu gene of the HXB2 region of SHIV, which originally had an ACG codon at the beginning of the gene, reverted to an initiation ATG codon and in addition contained a consensus amino acid substitution at position 69 of this protein. As expected, the majority of the nucleotide substitutions were found in the env and nef genes. Thirteen and 5 amino acid changes were predicted for the corresponding Env and Nef proteins, respectively. In addition, one-third of the env gene clones isolated from the SHIV KU-1 stock had a 5-amino-acid deletion in the V4 region. Using three independent assays, we determined that the changes in the SHIV KU-1 were associated with an increase in the efficiency of replication in macrophages. The strikingly few consensus changes in the virus suggest that conversion of this virus to one capable of causing AIDS in pig-tailed macaques was associated with relatively few changes in the viral envelope and/or accessory genes. These results will provide the basis for the development of a pathogenic, molecular clone of SHIV capable of causing AIDS in pig-tailed macaques.
Thermal expansion and magnetostriction of Ni F 2

The thermal expansion and coefficient of linear thermal expansion of Ni${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ in the $a$ and $c$ directions have been determined from 55 K to room temperature. A $\ensuremath{\lambda}$-type anomaly is exhibited in the $c$ direction at ${T}_{N}=73.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ K. The magnetostriction has been measured as a function of magnetic field (0 to 15 kOe) and temperature (55 to 77.35 K). In the paramagnetic region, it is positive and proportional to ${H}^{2}$. At ${T}_{N}$, the magnetostriction in all directions exhibits sharp anomalies. It is shown that the longitudinal magnetostriction along the $a$ axis follows the single-ion anisotropy function ${\stackrel{^}{I}}_{\frac{5}{2}}(T)$. Extrapolation of this relation to $T=0$ gives a longitudinal magnetostriction of $\ensuremath{\lambda}(0)=1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$.
Dendrosoter protuberans (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an Introduced Larval Parasite of Scolylus multistriatus

Dendrosoter protuberans (Nees) is easily reared in the laboratory, oviposits through bark onto larvae of the smaller European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), can overwinter in the central United States, and reproduces itself under field conditions. Oviposition is more effective in parts of dead elms where the host bark beetle larvae are not beneath a thick layer of bark. The field development time for D. protuberans at Delaware, Ohio, ranged from 28to 52 days compared with that of its host S. multistriatus , which ranged from 51 to 62 days. Under standard laboratory rearing conditions of 29.4°C and 40% relative humidity, D. protuberans completes its life cycle in about 20 days, whereas S. multistriatus takes about 35 days. Overwintering D. protuberans emerged 29 March 1967 at Delaware, Ohio. In the overwintering plots in Ohio and Missouri, 23% of the available hosts were parasitized. The parasitism rate in the free-flight plots ranged from 23 to 37% in Missouri and from 23 to 31% in Ohio. Three indigenous parasites, Spathius canadensis (Ashmead), Cheiropachus colon (L.). and Entedon leucogramma (Ratzeburg), are commonly found in elm wood naturally infested by S. multistriatus. S. canadensis , and C. colon , like D. protuberans , oviposit through the bark onto beetle larvae, and thick bark limits their efficiency, whereas E. leucoyramma enters the female beetle gallery and oviposits in the eggs of S. multistriatus .
Effect of Rape Seed Oil Meal on the Thyroid of the Chick

Abstract In a previous paper, the effect of feeding ground rape seed to chicks was reported (Turner, 1946). It was shown that when rape seed was fed at the 40 percent level the thyroids of three-week-old White Leghorn chicks were enlarged to a size corresponding to that produced by the feeding of 0.025 percent thiouracil in the starter ration (Turner, 1946a). It seemed of interest to further identify the component of the rape seed possessing the goitrogenic properties. The most obvious first step would consist in the separation of the oil from the seed. A new sample of rape seed (other than the one tested above) was obtained. A portion was retained for assay, then the residue was flaked and extracted with ethylene dichloride. ** The rape seed contained 47.2 percent fat on a 5.5 percent moisture basis whereas the meal contained only 1.4 percent fat after extraction. For some unrecognized reason, . . .
Patterns of cholinesterase staining during neural crest cell morphogenesis in mouse and chick embryos

Cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been reported previously in nonneuronal tissues of a variety of avian and mammalian embryos. We report here a comparison study of ChE staining in chick and mouse embryos. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the distribution of this activity in neuroepithelial, neural crest, somite, and ectodermal cells. Our cytochemical studies show that the distribution of nonspecific ChE staining in these tissues during neurulation is similar in the two species but that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining, previously shown to be intense in the chick, is absent in the mouse; the only cells showing the presence of this enzyme at these stages of development in mouse are blood cells. However, AChE staining does appear later in the brain, in neural tissues derived from the neural crest and, perhaps, in some migratory neural crest cells. The differences between AChE distribution in these two species (and that reported previously in the rabbit) indicate that the timing of first appearance of AChE is unrelated to neuroepithelial morphogenesis or to neural crest cell motility. The correlation between nonspecific cholinesterases and morphogenetic movements, however, is supported by these studies.
Expanding spherical shell kinetic model for diffusion-controlled solid-state reactions

Abstract A reaction kinetic model has been derived for a solid-state diffusion-controlled reaction in a system of spherical particles of A isolated in a matrix of B. This model is analogous to the Ginstling-Brounsthein model except that the diffusion of A is the rate-controlling step. The model, therefore, resulting in an expanding spherical shell of product AB, is where t = time, x = fraction reaction, K = reaction rate constant.
Passivation of Aluminum in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes with LiBOB

A combination of cyclic polarization tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements indicate a film is formed when aluminum is polarized above 4.5V in 1:1 EC+DMC with 1M LiBOB. The quantity of film that is formed increases with increasing applied potential. Results of EQCM tests suggest the film is AlBO{sub 3}. The film is very protective against corrosion and inhibits pitting corrosion of aluminum in normally corrosive 1M LiTFSI.
Regional differences of expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and RANKL in the rat dental follicle.

Tooth eruption requires alveolar bone resorption and bone formation. The coronal half of the dental follicle probably mediates the bone resorption seen in the coronal region of the alveolar bony crypt, and the basal half of the follicle mediates bone growth in the basal region. We hypothesized that the expression of a gene for bone resorption - receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) - would be higher in the coronal than in the basal region of the follicle. Conversely, the level of expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a gene for bone formation, would be higher in the basal region. Results obtained using laser-capture microdissection and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the hypothesis. Scanning electron micrographs of the bony crypt showed that the coronal area of the crypt was scalloped in appearance (bone resorption), whereas the basal area was trabecular (bone formation). Thus, the differences in bone activity at opposite poles of the crypt appear to be caused by differences in the regional expression of genes in the dental follicle and suggest a molecular mechanism whereby the dental follicle could regulate both the alveolar bone resorption and formation needed for eruption.
Inhabited silences: in pursuit of a muffled subtext

Qualitative researchers should not ignore the silences that occur during the conversations especially in those conversations related to issues of race and culture in education, as these silences could provide meaningful and purposeful information. The researchers should examine the importance of silences, which are present in the conversations that take place during a discourse-based research.
Will the Revolution be Tweeted or Facebooked? Using Digital Communication Tools in Immigrant Activism

Considering the debate over U.S. immigration reform and the way digital communication technologies increasingly are being used to spark protests, this qualitative study examines focus group discourse of immigration activists to explore how digital media are transforming the definitions of "activism" and "activist." Analysis suggests technologies are perhaps pacifying would-be activists, convincing them they are contributing more than they actually are. Thus, "slacktivism," or "clicktivism" that takes just a mouse click is potentially diluting "real" activism.
Assessment of the acutely ill cancer patient

Abstract The process of assessing the acutely ill cancer patient must be organized and systematic. The framework outlined in this article provides a method that ensures complete and consistent data collection. These data can then be utilized to formulate specific patient problems and diagnostic statements and to form the basis for specific nursing actions.
Compositional and physical changes on perovskite crystal surfaces

The surface composition of BaTiO{sub 3}, SrTiO{sub 3}, and CaTiO{sub 3} perovskite (100) surface is determined by shell-model calculations. The TiO{sub 2}-terminated surface is energetically favorable for BaTiO{sub 3} and SrTiO{sub 3}, which is consistent with experimental observations on SrTiO{sub 3}. On the other hand, the CaO-terminated surface is preferred for CaTiO{sub 3} where Ca{sup 2+} is the smallest 2+ cation in these titanates. Ions on (100) surface rumple and induce surface dipoles. The surface ferroelectric polarization stabilizes the surface and changes its sign as the surface composition changes from TiO{sub 2} to CaO. This phenomenon is expected to affect the stability and properties of epitaxial films on perovskite substrates.
Electronic structure of the Ag/Si interface: Angle-resolved, energy-dependent, photoemission study

The photoionization cross section (\ensuremath{\sigma}) and the photoelectron asymmetry parameter (\ensuremath{\beta}) for the Ag/Si interface [prepared by depositing 0.3 ML of Ag atoms onto a Si(111)7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7 substrate at room temperature] in the photon-energy range h\ensuremath{\nu}=70--200 eV are compared with the atomic results. Near the Cooper minimum, the h\ensuremath{\nu} dependence of \ensuremath{\sigma} and \ensuremath{\beta} from the Ag/Si interface are very close to the experimental values for atomic Ag and to the theoretical predictions in the relativistic random-phase approximation (RRPA) for atomic Pd. This set of experimental data strongly suggests that Ag atoms on the surface of Si do not nucleate into clusters sufficiently large to exhibit valence-band characteristics of bulk Ag and that the Ag/Si system is representative of nonreactive Schottky-barrier formation.
Life change events, hope, and self-care agency in inner-city adolescents.

PROBLEM Little is known about the relationships among life change events, hope, and self-care agency in inner-city adolescents METHODS Adolescents (N = 202) attending two inner-city high schools in Miami (M = 15.9 years; 85% African-Americans; 55% females). Measures used included the Adolescent Life Change Events Questionnaire, Miller Hope Scale, and Denyes Self-Care Agency Instrument. FINDINGS A significant positive correlation was found between hope and self-care agency. No correlations were found between life change events and hope or life change events and self-care agency. Hope accounted for 20.8% of the variability in self-care agency. CONCLUSIONS Hope is a significant factor in self-care agency and may be a coping strategy for inner-city adolescents who experience multiple life change events.
CHEMICAL INHIBITION OF CROP GERMINATION BY WEED SEEDS AND THE NATURE OF INHIBITION BY ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI

Summary. Aqueous extracts of the ground seeds of thirteen weed species were assayed for their ability to inhibit the germination on filler paper of eight crop species. All of the extracts delayed germination of at least some of the crop species. Germination of some crop species was delayed when the crop seeds were surrounded by weed seeds on filter paper, The seeds of Abutilon theophrasti were inhibitory to tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) germinated in sterile and non-sterile soil in the laboratory. The inhibition of germination was apparent under conditions which excluded light, water and minerals as factors in the competition. Chemical studies indicated that the inhibition by Abutilon seeds was due to free amino acids emanating from the seeds. Inhibition chimique de la germination de plantes cultivees par des semences de mauvaises herbes et nature de l'inhibition par Abutilon theophrasti
World Stock Markets: The Battle over Reporting Continues

Which financial reporting rules should be the norm for the world's stock markets? The politics around that continue unabated, says the author, who updates us on the convergence of U.S. and international accounting standards. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synchronized Electronic Shutter System (SESS) for Thermal Nondestructive Evaluation

The purpose of this paper is to describe a new method for thermal nondestructive evaluation. This method uses a synchronized electronic shutter system (SESS) to remove the heat lamp''s influence on the thermal data during and after flash heating. There are two main concerns when using flash heating. The first concern is during the flash when the photons are reflected back into the camera. This tends to saturate the detectors and potentially introduces unknown and uncorrectable errors when curve fitting the data to a model. To address this, an electronically controlled shutter was placed over the infrared camera lens. Before firing the flash lamps, the shutter is opened to acquire the necessary background data for offset calibration. During flash heating, the shutter is closed to prevent the photons from the high intensity flash from saturating the camera''s detectors. The second concern is after the flash heating where the lamps radiate heat after firing. This residual cooling introduces an unwanted transient thermal response into the data. To remove this residual effect, a shutter was placed over the flash lamps to block the infrared heat radiating from the flash head after heating. This helped to remove the transient contribution of the flash. The flash lamp shutters were synchronized electronically with the camera shutter. Results are given comparing the use of the thermal inspection with and without the shutter system.
Coordination of size standards by young children.

"Big" and "little" are inherently relational terms: whether an object is considered big or little changes as the standard of comparison changes. The present studies examined how 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children use and coordinate 2 different kinds of standards: perceptual (object is compared to another physically present object) and normative (object is compared to a class standard stored in memory). Even the youngest children were capable of using both normative and perceptual standards. When children avoided a perceptual interpretation it was because they chose a conflicting normative interpretation instead. Thus, very young children can apply different standards of comparison when judging size.
Laser photophoresis and pulsed electrophoresis for microorganisms manipulation

Optical trapping and transportation of microorganisms by the moving interference pattern was demonstrated with low-power (~50mW) HeNe-laser. Novel type of short-pulsed (ns) electrophoresis induced by photogalvanic effect is suggested and tested. We propose to use novel synergetic approach, based on synchronous application of optical trapping and pulsed electrical field for transportation and selective separation of solution components.
Effect of pentagastrin on cholecystokinin and secretin choleresis in the dog

Abstract Dogs were prepared with cholecystectomy, ligation of the lesser pancreatic duct, an Heidenhain pouch, and gastric and duodenal fistulae. Bile was collected by cannulation of the common duct. The enterohepatic circulation was artifically maintained with intravenous bile salt while the effects of CCK, secretin and pentagastrin on biliary and gastric acid secretions were studied. Pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion but did not significantly alter bile flow or composition. CCK and secretin increased bile volume and the concentration and output of bicarbonate and chloride in bile. The biliary responses to CCK and secretin were unaltered by the concurrent administration of pentagastrin, but the acid secretory responses seen with pentagastrin were inhibited. The study suggests that pentagastrin is not active as a hormone in the biliary system of dogs.
Douglas Northrop. Veiled Empire: Gender & Power in Stalinist Central Asia. Cornell University Press 2004. xvii+1392 pp. ISBN 0801439442.

Central to Douglas Northrop's archivally based study of the Soviet attempt to unveil Uzbek women is the argument that the Soviet Union was a colonial empire, one where Bolsheviks tried to transform daily cultural practices and gender relations against the wishes of most Uzbeks, who responded as colonial subjects by using weapons of the weak. Northrop's use of previously unavailable Communist Party documents allows an exploration of the Party's arguments for and against unveiling, and describes the Party's surprise at the vehemence and violence of anti-unveiling resistance in Uzbekistan. Starting with the 1927 Communist Party initiation of the Hujum—or campaign against veiling in Soviet Uzbekistan—this work's exclusive focus on the unveiling campaign allows Northrop to reveal that resistance to unveiling and other laws concerning “liberation” continued into the 1950s, and to examine the ways that intrusion into family life and cultural practices served the Party as a tool for defining loyalty during the Stalinist period. Northrop far exceeds Gregory Massell's The Surrogate Proletariat: Moslem Women and Revolutionary Strategies in Soviet Central Asia, 1919–1929 (1974) in exploring Party arguments over policies toward Central Asia.
Oxygen reduction on platinum in mixtures of phosphoric and trifluoromethane sulphonic acids

A rotating disk electrode study of O2 reduction on platinum has been carried out in mixtures of concentrated H3PO4 and CF3SO3H at room temperature. The diffusion limiting current was found to increase with increasing amounts of CF3SO3H added to the H3PO4. The apparent first-order rate constant defined in terms of O2 concentration (M) is lower in the mixed acids than in H3PO4 (86% by weight), but the concentration of O2 increases by a much larger factor, with the result that the kinetics are faster in the mixed acids.
Molecular dynamic study on contact angle of water droplet on a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) plate

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to study the interaction between a carbon nanotube (CNT) plate and nano-sized water droplet. The cases with or without a quadrupole term acting on the charge sites of the water molecule, are directly compared. The wettability of the CNT plate with different separation distances is studied, and the contact angle on the plates with various separation distances is measured and analyzed. The simulation indicates that the contribution from quadrupole potential is negligible for wetting between twin CNTs and liquid water, while it is significant for holding a sphere-like water droplet and forming a reasonable contact angle.
Why did Jim Gray win the Turing Award

This short paper is intended to describe for the layman why Jim Gray won so many awards, culminating in his being selected to receive the 1998 ACM Turing Award, arguably the "Nobel Prize of Computer Science". It briefly summarizes his main contributions to our field.
Experiments in ancient Maya bloodletting: quantification of surface wear on obsidian blades

It is widely accepted that the ancient Maya practiced sacrificial bloodletting to communicate with their dead ancestors and the gods. Implements to draw blood included a variety of tools, including stone blades made of obsidian. Evidence for bloodletting is based on ethnohistoric accounts provided by the Spaniards, ethnographic observation of modern Maya rituals, iconography depicting bloodletting, hieroglyphic references, and the recovery of artifacts from ritual contexts. However, evidence for bloodletting based on the surface wear on the obsidian blades themselves is inconclusive and difficult to identify. Recent work for quantifying use-wear on stone tools using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scale-sensitive fractal analysis, based on relative area (RelA), has led to an experimental program to quantitatively document wear patterns on replicated obsidian tools. Three obsidian blade segments were used to cut raw beef as a proxy for bloodletting. Our results demonstrate that surface roughness on the blade segments can be documented using RelA, but discrimination of the used from the previously unused surface was only possible in one of the three cases; the original surface structure of an obsidian blade plays a role in wear formation and its subsequent documentation based on RelA.