cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Approaches to Promoting Play

A variety of techniques grounded in behavioral psychology, and more specifically in applied behavior analysis, have been established to increase and improve play skills in children with autistic spectrum disorders. This article introduces a set of efficacious methods, which range from highly structured techniques to more naturalistic strategies. It focuses on object play as other authors in the issue discuss social play in greater depth. Behavioral techniques that are reviewed include: discrete trial training, use of stereotyped behaviors to increase play skills, pivotal response training, reciprocal imitation training, differential reinforcement of appropriate behavior, in vivo modeling and play scripts, and video modeling. A discussion of expanding behavior techniques to teach more complex play as well as training in varied environments is also presented. References are provided to allow the reader to obtain more in-depth information about each technique.
An Aspect of Morphogenesis in the Ciliate Protozoa

SYNOPSIS. Stomatogenesis or new mouth formation sensu lato repnts an explicit example of a major morphogenetic phenomenon le life cycle of most ciliate Protozoa. Investigations of the process a number of approaches may yield data of considerable value. The present paper 3 such approaches are treated in some detail. udies of stomatogenesis can be of importance in providing addial information of significance on the structure and physiology a given organism. Five major types or categories of stomatoesis in ciliates are recognized. These are defined and discussed. search related to such an intrinsic value of the phenomenon the K carried out is generally only descriptive, and the most importechnic employed is some method of silver impregnation. a comparative approach is used, then attention may be focused possible homolegies in stomatogenesis as it occurs in diverse ies of ciliates. Such data are (or potentially are) of value not in the practical taxonomy of the organisms involved but also onsideration of phylogenetic and evolutionary interrelationships ing the higher groups comprising the entire subphylum Ciliophora. Such application of comparative studies may well become a very fruitful approach to certain problems in ciliate phylogeny; 2 examples are discussed briefly. Silver impregnation technics are again indispensable. Perhaps stomatogenesis will prove most valuable in the hands of developmental biologists who are seeking to solve 2 of the most intriguing problems in cell biology today: the exact origin of new kinetosomes (or centrioles), and their precise morphogenetic role in the life cycle of a cell or unicellular organism. Since this third approach to the study of stomatogenesis is of necessity a dynamic one, the researcher must employ sophisticated experimental technics to obtain data at the molecular and macromolecular levels of both organization and function. Some progress in this area has already been made, but the availability of “ideal” organisms has perhaps not been as widely realized as it should. Certain of the “higher” ciliates have a mode of stomatogenesis which would lend itself beautifully to fruitful investigation of problems concerning both replication or neoformation of kinetosomes and their possible role in fibrillogenesis in unicellular organisms.
The Capital Budgeting Process: Theory and Practice

Survey evidence in a four-stage framework for the capital budgeting process reveals that many capital budgeting practices differ from what the relevant theory prescribes. Much of the gap, however, can be explained by deficiencies in the theory itself, suggesting new directions for ongoing capital budgeting research.
Stock price volatility and equity premium

Abstract A dynamic general equilibrium model of stock prices is developed which yields a stock price volatility and equity premium that are close to the historical values. Non-observability of the expected dividend growth rate introduces an element of learning which increases the volatility of stock price. Calibration to the U.S. dividend and consumption processes yield interest rate and stock price processes that conform closely to the styled facts for the U.S. capital market.
The complexity of newborn screening follow-up in phenylketonuria.

In the United States, and most developed nations, the newborn screening (NBS) panel covers many primary disorders of metabolism, including phenylketonuria (PKU). When an elevated phenylalanine level is identified, the infant is evaluated for PKU and should also be tested for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency. A neonate presented with a phenylalanine level of 254 μmol/L (reference range T nucleotide substitution in exon 3 expressed as “p.MET1?” Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene sequencing revealed compound heterozygosity for L249F and A300S. Although initial testing suggested the child was affected with DHPR deficiency, further analysis, finding increasing levels of DHPR activity and PAH compound mutant heterozygosity, indicated that the primary disorder is mild hyperphenylalaninemia with carrier status for DHPR deficiency. This is an example of newborn screening results leading to confusing findings requiring extensive biochemical studies and genotyping in order to arrive at the appropriate diagnosis.
Tuberculosis In Adolescents Characteristics, Recognition, Management

Tuberculosis in adolescents has de clined in recent years, concurrent with the decrease in tuberculosis in the world pop ulation as a whole. Nevertheless tubercu losis still remains an important cause of death in this age group and poses special problems in diagnosis and treatment.
Effect of 2′-phosphophloretin on renal function in chronic renal failure rats

Hyperhosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism are common and severe complications of chronic renal failure. Therapies to reduce serum phosphate have been shown to reduce serum parathyroid horm...
Delayed infection after instrumented spine surgery: case reports and review of the literature.

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT: A delayed infection after instrumented spine surgery can be difficult to diagnose because of its low incidence and variety of clinical symptoms. PURPOSE: To describe four cases of delayed infection after instrumented spine surgery and to review the literature of such cases with regard to the clinical symptoms and risk factors, possible causes of infection and treatment. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Personal review of cases and literature review. PATIENT SAMPLE: Four cases in this report and 93 other cases reported in the literature. OUTCOME MEASURES: Not measured. METHODS: Summary of the clinical symptoms, risk factors, causes of infection and treatment regimens. RESULTS: Three possible causes of a delayed infection have been cited: intraoperative seeding, metal fretting causing a sterile inflammatory response or stimulating low-virulent organisms to fester and hematogenous seeding. A variety of clinical symptoms were found, but spontaneous drainage appears to be most common. Many patients had either a fluctuant mass, localized drainage or an abscess. Abscesses or drainage material is typically contiguous with the instrumentation and the fusion mass. Fever was present in only six patients. Effective treatment usually includes removal of the implants, irrigation and debridement, followed by the administration of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: A high level of suspicion is needed to diagnose a delayed infection after instrumented spine surgery.
Synthesis and characterization of functionalized water soluble cationic poly(ester amide)s

A new family of positively charged, water soluble and functional amino acid-based poly(ester amide)s (Arg-AG PEA) consisting of four building blocks (L-Arginine, DL-2-Allylglycine, oligoethylene glycol, and aliphatic diacid) were synthesized by the solution copolycondensation. Functional pendant carbon–carbon double bonds located in the DL-2-allylglycine unit were incorporated into these Arg-AG PEAs, and the double bond contents could be adjusted by tuning the feed ratio of L-arginine to DL-2-allylglycine monomers. Chemical structures of this new functional Arg-AG PEA family were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The thermal property of these polymers was investigated; increasing the methylene chain in both the amino acid and diacid segments resulted in a reduction in the polymer glass-transition temperature. All these cationic Arg-AG PEAs had good solubility in water and polar organic solvents. The cytotoxity of Arg-AG PEAs was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. These preliminary MTT results indicated that Arg-AG PEAs were nontoxic to bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3758–3766, 2010
El anti-haitianismo como ideología occidental

Este articulo examina las relaciones dominico-haitianas dentro del marco del pen-samiento occidental. Enfatiza la condena europea y norteamericana a la insurreccion de los negros en la colonia francesa de Saint Domingue de la cual surgio la Republica de Haiti en 1804. Tambien condena el prejuicio anti-haitiano en el discurso nacionalista dominicano a partir de la dictadura del General Rafael Leonidas Trujillo (1930-1960) y rememora la historia de dominacion imperial que potencio la predica anti-haitiana como formula politica en la sociedad dominicana. Al fundarse la Republica Dominicana como estado independiente en 1844 y buscar un lugar dentro del orden economico capitalista dominante en la region caribena, el nuevo pais necesito el reconocimiento de las potencias imperiales comprometidas con un credo racial negro-fobico. En ese contexto geopolitico, la clase dirigente dominicana tenia pocas opciones para evitar el aislamiento economico y el gobierno armo un discurso nacionalista anti-haitiano que le abriera las puertas, asi fuese precariamente, a los predios capitalistas del Occidente cristiano.
CloudMap: A Cloud-Based Pipeline for Analysis of Mutant Genome Sequences

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) allows researchers to pinpoint genetic differences between individuals and significantly shortcuts the costly and time-consuming part of forward genetic analysis in model organism systems. Currently, the most effort-intensive part of WGS is the bioinformatic analysis of the relatively short reads generated by second generation sequencing platforms. We describe here a novel, easily accessible and cloud-based pipeline, called CloudMap, which greatly simplifies the analysis of mutant genome sequences. Available on the Galaxy web platform, CloudMap requires no software installation when run on the cloud, but it can also be run locally or via Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) service. CloudMap uses a series of predefined workflows to pinpoint sequence variations in animal genomes, such as those of premutagenized and mutagenized Caenorhabditis elegans strains. In combination with a variant-based mapping procedure, CloudMap allows users to sharply define genetic map intervals graphically and to retrieve very short lists of candidate variants with a few simple clicks. Automated workflows and extensive video user guides are available to detail the individual analysis steps performed (http://usegalaxy.org/cloudmap). We demonstrate the utility of CloudMap for WGS analysis of C. elegans and Arabidopsis genomes and describe how other organisms (e.g., Zebrafish and Drosophila) can easily be accommodated by this software platform. To accommodate rapid analysis of many mutants from large-scale genetic screens, CloudMap contains an in silico complementation testing tool that allows users to rapidly identify instances where multiple alleles of the same gene are present in the mutant collection. Lastly, we describe the application of a novel mapping/WGS method ("Variant Discovery Mapping") that does not rely on a defined polymorphic mapping strain, and we integrate the application of this method into CloudMap. CloudMap tools and documentation are continually updated at http://usegalaxy.org/cloudmap.
TARP Consequences: Lending and Risk Taking

We use loan-level data on 25 million mortgage applications and 28 thousand corporate loans to study the effect of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) on credit availability. Contrary to the program’s declared objective, we find no evidence of greater credit origination by TARP participants relative to nonparticipants with similar characteristics. These results are consistent across retail and corporate lending and hold after controlling for loan demand and the selection of TARP recipients. Despite no changes in overall lending, recipient banks approve riskier loans and shift capital toward investments in risky securities. Overall, we evaluate the efficacy of government capital provisions and document their unintended consequences, consistent with models of moral hazard.
egl-27 generates anteroposterior patterns of cell fusion in C. elegans by regulating Hox gene expression and Hox protein function.

Hox genes pattern the fates of the ventral ectodermal Pn.p cells that lie along the anteroposterior (A/P) body axis of C. elegans. In these cells, the Hox genes are expressed in sequential overlapping domains where they control the ability of each Pn.p cell to fuse with the surrounding syncytial epidermis. The activities of Hox proteins are sex-specific in this tissue, resulting in sex-specific patterns of cell fusion: in hermaphrodites, the mid-body cells remain unfused, whereas in males, alternating domains of syncytial and unfused cells develop. We have found that the gene egl-27, which encodes a C. elegans homologue of a chromatin regulatory factor, specifies these patterns by regulating both Hox gene expression and Hox protein function. In egl-27 mutants, the expression domains of Hox genes in these cells are shifted posteriorly, suggesting that egl-27 influences A/P positional information. In addition, egl-27 controls Hox protein function in the Pn.p cells in two ways: in hermaphrodites it inhibits MAB-5 activity, whereas in males it permits a combinatorial interaction between LIN-39 and MAB-5. Thus, by selectively modifying the activities of Hox proteins, egl-27 elaborates a simple Hox expression pattern into complex patterns of cell fates. Taken together, these results implicate egl-27 in the diversification of cell fates along the A/P axis and suggest that chromatin reorganization is necessary for controlling Hox gene expression and Hox protein function.
Pollen Growth Following Self- and Cross-pollination in Geranium caespitosum James

Geranium caespitosum James is an herbaceous perennial of uncertain taxonomy growing from the plains to the alpine in the Front Range of Colorado. It is protandrous and produces compound dichasia with each of the two flowers in the dichasium opening sequentially. This dichogamy suggests a strong preference for outcrossing. Self-fertility (seed production following self-pollination) is slightly, but significantly, lower than cross-fertility. Despite the presence of mechanisms promoting outcrossing, and a decrease in fitness following selfing, geitonogamous pollination is an extremely common event, probably overwhelming the effects of dichogamy (Hessing 1985).
Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System: Aerial Vehicle Mission and Design Issues

Atmospheric mining in the outer solar system has been investigated as a means of fuel production for high energy propulsion and power. Fusion fuels such as Helium 3 (3He) and deuterium can be wrested from the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune and either returned to Earth or used in-situ for energy production. Helium 3 and deuterium were the primary gases of interest with hydrogen being the primary propellant for nuclear thermal solid core and gas core rocket-based atmospheric flight. A series of analyses were undertaken to investigate resource capturing aspects of atmospheric mining in the outer solar system. This included the gas capturing rate, storage options, and different methods of direct use of the captured gases. While capturing 3He, large amounts of hydrogen and 4He are produced. With these two additional gases, the potential for fueling small and large fleets of additional exploration and exploitation vehicles exists. The mining aerospacecraft (ASC) could fly through the outer planet atmospheres, for global weather observations, localized storm or other disturbance investigations, wind speed measurements, polar observations, etc. Analyses of orbital transfer vehicles (OTVs), landers, and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) mining factories are included. Preliminary observations are presented on near-optimal selections of moon base orbital locations, OTV power levels, and OTV and lander rendezvous points.
In Silico Analysis of a Novel Plasmid from the Coral Pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus Reveals Two Potential "Ecological Islands".

As virulence often correlates with the presence of plasmid replicons in several Vibrio spp., this study investigated whether non-chromosomal DNA could be found in the coral pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus BAA-450. A circular plasmid, 26,631 bp in size, was identified. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the plasmid contained 30 open reading frames, six tRNA genes, 12 inverted repeats, three direct repeats and presented no continuous sequence identity to other replicons within the database. Consequently, these findings indicate that this is a novel, previously unidentified, plasmid. Two putative “ecological islands” were also identified and are predicted to encode for various factors that would facilitate growth and survival under different ecological conditions. In addition, two open reading frames may encode proteins that contribute to the pathogenicity of the organism. Functional cooperativity is also indicated between several plasmid- and chromosomally-encoded proteins, which, in a single instance, would allow a fully functioning nutrient uptake system to be established.
Purchasing and inventory control systems management

This article introduces a 13-part series of articles on managing the purchasing and inventory control systems for the hospital pharmacy department. The series will focus on the various components of the purchasing and inventory control process. Though the purchasing and inventory control functions are substantially interrelated, each will be presented separately. Most installments will present examples of applications in a wide variety of institutional settings. Topics to be discussed include historical perspectives, assessment of vendors and product selection, bid solicitation and contract negotiation, evaluation of drug procurement alternatives, development of a purchasing system, coordinating the purchasing process, objectives of inventory control, quantitative measurement of inventory control, methods of inventory control, management of the system, automated information systems, and quality assurance.
A note on injectivity of Frobenius on local cohomology of global complete intersections

Given a graded complete intersection ideal J=(f 1 ,…,f c )⊆k[x 0 ,…,x n ]=S J = ( f 1 , … , f c ) ⊆ k [ x 0 , … , x n ] = S , where k is a field of characteristic p>0 p > 0 such that [k:k p ] [ k : k p ] ∞ , we show that if S/J S / J has an isolated non-F-pure point then the Frobenius action on top local cohomology H m n + 1 − c ( S / J ) is injective in sufficiently negative degrees, and we compute the least degree of any kernel element. If S/J S / J has an isolated singularity, we are also able to give an effective bound on p ensuring the Frobenius action on H m n + 1 − c ( S / J ) is injective in all negative degrees, extending a result of Bhatt and Singh in the hypersurface case.
Panel discussion on social networks and mobility in the cloud

Social networks, mobility and the cloud represent special and unique opportunities for synergy among several existing and emerging communities that are now often evolving in isolated silos. All three areas hold much promise for the future of computing, and represent significant challenges for large scale data management. As these three areas evolve, their direct influence on significant decisions on each other becomes evident and critical. This panel will bring together a set of renowned researchers who will explore and discuss the synergy and tensions among critical and often intertwined research and application issues that arise in the context of social networks and mobility in a cloud infrastructure setting.
Conic Sections in the Elliptic Plane

(1960). Conic Sections in the Elliptic Plane. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 81-94.
Path Planning for Unmanned Air Vehicles to Goal States in Operational Environments

Unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) are continually being tasked to operate with greater autonomy. One aspect of the autonomous control problem is generation of optimal sets of position waypoints and flight control sequences to effectively navigate a UAV through an operational environment. The environment may contain a series of obstacles that must be avoided and threats that are either avoided or engaged. It is assumed that the obstacles and threats contained in such an environment are known a priori. In this paper, an optimal control strategy is presented to navigate a UAV from an initial position to a series of predefined goal positions, each with attached state and temporal constraints. The number of goal states specified is the smallest number of states required for the UAV to complete the mission tasking at hand. Thus, the UAV must generate its own waypoints and control sequences that will navigate through the environment while avoiding certain threats and obstacles and reaching each goal state on-time. The UAV is assigned two-dimensional flight dynamics with limits on velocity, acceleration, and turn rate, as would be the case with a real-world vehicle. The optimal control strategy is based on minimizing a performance cost function that accounts for the listed spatial and temporal constraints. The control strategy is tested and assessed using three scenarios programmed into computer simulations, and the results are presented and discussed.
Monoclonal Gammopathies Associated with Malignant Lymphomas

Lymphomas with a monotonous cellular pattern are occasionally associated with monoclonal gammopathies. There is still a controversy about tire site of the paraprotein production in these cases. Some investigators believe that the abnormal protein is produced directly by the lymphoma; others believe that it is produced in plasma cells and plasmacytoid lymphocytes as in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and heavy chain disease. Two cases of the poorly-differentiated lymphocytic type of malignant lymphoma associated with monoclonal gammopathies were studied by the immunofluorescent technic. Production of immunoglobulin could not be detected in the lymphoma in either case. Numerous cells containing immunoglobulin were found in the blood as well as bone marrow of both patients and also in the spleen of one. These findings suggest that the lymphomas with the monotonous cell patterns are not where paraprotein is produced. Although occasional plasmacytoid lymphocytes containing immunoglobulin may be found in the lymphoma, most are found in sites uninvolved by the neoplasm.
Effect of antibiotic plant resistance on the reproductive fitness of the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of antibiosis on the reproductive fitness of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko ). Cumulative nymphal production was modeled for 6 wheat, Triticum aestivum L., plant introductions (PI 47545, PI 94355, PI 94365, PI 151918, PI 225245, PI 225262) and a susceptible standard, ‘Stephens’ wheat, with a nonlinear regression procedure that used the logistic equation. It was not possible to model the resistant standard, ‘Border’ oat, because of early mortality and lack of nymphipositional activity. The maximum nymphal production (M) ranged from 68.3 (PI 225262) to 87.2 nymphs per female (Stephens wheat). The rate of increase, or increase in nymphal production rate, ranged from 2.4 (PI 225262) to 3.0 (Stephens wheat). The lag time ranged from 2.5 (Stephens wheat) to 2.7 log (days) (PI 151918). Lag time represented the period before the adult female began to produce nymphs. The original time scale (days), was transformed (natural log) to evaluate the early lag phase in these data. Contrasts of parameters M and K , and joint hypothesis testing (comparison of entire curve) among Stephens wheat and the selected resistant plant introduction lines indicated that there were significant differences between Stephens wheat and all plant introduction lines examined for all parameter comparisons ( M, K , and whole curve). Estimated models from trial 1 were applied to data from trial 2 to validate the suitability of the models to describe the nymphal production process. Examination of residuals (defined as the difference between the predicted value and the observed value) suggested that although the models tended to slightly overestimate nymphal production, they adequately represented nymphal production data for all plant introduction lines as well as Stephens wheat.
Cardiac effects of alcohol in alcoholics

Fifteen minutes after ingesting 60 cc of whisky, left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and its index, isometric contraction time, the preejection period (PEP) and the LVET:PEP ratio changed signifi...
Effect of metal structure processing operations on neurobehavioral function of the operators

[Objective]To explorer the influence of coexistence of a variety of occupational hazards to the employees' neurobehavioral function with a workplace of metal construction as the research spot.[Method]To explorer the influence of coexistence of a variety of occupational hazards to the employees' neurobehavioral function with a workplace of metal construction as the research spot.[Results]In a shipyard,workers who worked in the metal construction processing workshop were grouped into the observation group while the workers worked in other workshops in the same plant were grouped into control group,the difference of neurobehavioral function between the 2 groups were contrasted using neurobehavioral evaluation system,and the relationship between the changes of neurobehavioral function and the workers' work age was also analyzed.[Conclusion]Although different occupational hazards has its own toxicity on organs,but its influence on human health in early stage is mainly expressed as abnormal status of neurobehavioral function.Under the premise of explicit occupational exposure history,the results of the neurobehavioral test can provide important reference value for health influence assessment at early stage.
Invited - Optimizing device reliability effects at the intersection of physics, circuits, and architecture

Over the years, there has been tremendous progress in developing new methods for modeling and diagnosing reliability at the level of individual transistors and interconnects. The thrust to propagate these models to higher levels of abstraction to predict the reliability of larger circuits is much more recent. This paper addresses the intersection of physics, circuits, and architecture for reliability modeling and optimization that must come together for cross-layer optimization. For various device reliability phenomena, this paper shows how physical models can be leveraged at the circuit level, or circuit models at the architecture level, to deliver composite solutions that comprehend chip-level design goals.
Parenthood: A Key to the Comparative Study of the Life Cycle

ABSTRACT Transcultural regularities in sex-role training, in the male and female response to the “chronic emergency” of parenthood, and in the phasing out of parental responsibilities all suggest that sex distinctions have an instrinsic basis, and that they are organized around the vital requirements of young children. It is further argued that parenthood constitutes the pivotal stage of the human life cycle, organizing the form and content of the stages which lead up to it, as well as those that succeed it. Accordingly, study of the common denominators and requirements of human parenthood could be an important first step in developing a comparative psychology of the human life cycle.
High accuracy mantle convection simulation through modern numerical methods – II: realistic models and problems

Computations have helped elucidate the dynamics of Earth's mantle for several decades already. The numerical methods that underlie these simulations have greatly evolved within this time span, and today include dynamically changing and adaptively refined meshes, sophisticated and efficient solvers, and parallelization to large clusters of computers. At the same time, many of these methods -- discussed in detail in a previous paper in this series -- were developed and tested primarily using model problems that lack many of the complexities that are common to the realistic models our community wants to solve today. With several years of experience solving complex and realistic models, we here revisit some of the algorithm designs of the earlier paper and discuss the incorporation of more complex physics. In particular, we re-consider time stepping and mesh refinement algorithms, evaluate approaches to incorporate compressibility, and discuss dealing with strongly varying material coefficients, latent heat, and how to track chemical compositions and heterogeneities. Taken together and implemented in a high-performance, massively parallel code, the techniques discussed in this paper then allow for high resolution, 3d, compressible, global mantle convection simulations with phase transitions, strongly temperature dependent viscosity and realistic material properties based on mineral physics data.
Electrokinetic Control of Viscous Fingering.

We present a theory of the interfacial stability of two immiscible electrolytes under the coupled action of pressure gradients and electric fields in a Hele-Shaw cell or porous medium. Mathematically, our theory describes a phenomenon of ``vector Laplacian growth,'' in which the interface moves in response to the gradient of a vector-valued potential function through a generalized mobility tensor. Physically, we extend the classical Saffman-Taylor problem to electrolytes by incorporating electrokinetic (EK) phenomena. A surprising prediction is that viscous fingering can be controlled by varying the injection ratio of electric current to flow rate. Beyond a critical injection ratio, stability depends only upon the relative direction of flow and current, regardless of the viscosity ratio. Possible applications include porous materials processing, electrically enhanced oil recovery, and EK remediation of contaminated soils.
Δ20 IFITM2 differentially restricts X4 and R5 HIV-1

CCR5 (R5)-tropic, but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic, HIV-1 is associated with primary HIV-1 infection and transmission. Recent studies have shown that IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins, including IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3, restrict a broad range of viruses. Here, we demonstrate that an IFITM2 isoform (Δ20 IFITM2) lacking 20 amino acids at the N terminus differentially restricts X4 and R5 HIV-1. Δ20 IFITM2 suppresses replication of X4 HIV-1 strains by inhibiting their entry. High levels of Δ20 IFITM2 expression could be detected in CD4+ T cells and in monocytes. Infection of X4 viruses in monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells is enhanced upon depletion of IFITM2 isoforms. Furthermore, we also show that coreceptor use is the determining factor for differential HIV-1 restriction of Δ20 IFITM2. When we replace the C terminus of CCR5 with the C terminus of CXCR4, R5 viruses become more susceptible to Δ20 IFITM2-mediated restriction. In contrast to previous studies, our research reveals that neither X4 nor R5 HIV-1 is suppressed by IFITM2 and IFITM3. The multifactor gatekeeping model has been proposed to explain restriction of X4 viruses in the early stage of HIV-1 diseases. Our findings indicate that Δ20 IFITM2 may serve as a major contributor to this gatekeeping mechanism.
Cognitive Mapping in Blind People: Acquisition of Spatial Relationships in a Large-Scale Environment.

Examines the spatial ability of sighted, blindfolded sighted, and congenitally blind subjects. They walked through an unfamiliar, large-scale space in which target locations could not be seen simul...
Detection of Printable EUV Mask Absorber Defects and Defect Adders by Full Chip Optical Inspection of EUV Patterned Wafers

The ability to rapidly detect both printable EUV mask adder defects as well as mask absorber defects across the entire mask image field is a key enabler for EUV lithography. Current optical wafer-based inspection techniques are only capable of detecting repeater defects on a die-to-die basis for chiplets within the image field. Larger server-type chips that encompass the entire mask image field cannot rely on such a scheme, since the presence of the defect in every die prevents their detection. In this paper, a prototype optical wafer defect inspection methodology designed to detect repeater defects over the entire image field, termed die-to-baseline reference die (D2BRD), is investigated. The sensitivity of this inspection technique is demonstrated and compared to eBeam inspection over a range of defect sizes for both opaque and clear type mask absorber programmed defects. Moreover, the D2BRD methodology is used to monitor printing defect adders present in a lithographic defect test mask, as well as 7-nm BEOL layers. Using defect repeater analysis, SEM review and patch image classification of full chip wafer inspections over several mask cycles, the D2BRD scheme is shown to allow the unambiguous identification of mask adder defects, while suppressing random process defects. This methodology has the potential to define the risk assessment of mask adder defects in the absence of an EUV pellicle, and can play an integral part of the wafer print protection strategy.
Copper Sensing in Alkaline Electrolyte Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry by Means of a Lead Mediator

Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is an analysis technique that permits the selective and quantitative analysis of metal ion species in solution. It is most commonly applied in neutral to acidic electrolyte largely due to inherent metal ion solubility. Bismuth (Bi) is a common film used for ASV due to its good sensitivity, overall stability and insensitivity to O2. ASV, utilizing a Bi film, along with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) as the plating mediators, has recently been adapted to determine zinc (Zn) concentrations in highly alkaline environments (30 % NaOH or 35 % M KOH). Successful analysis of Zn in alkaline relies on the ability of the hydroxide to form soluble metal anion species, such as Bi(OH)4− and Zn(OH)42−. Here, we look to extend this technique to detect and quantify copper (Cu) ions in these highly basic electrolytes. However, in general, the use of ASV to detect and quantify Cu ion concentrations is notoriously difficult as the Cu stripping peak potential overlays with that of Bi from the common Bi film electrode. Here, an ASV method for determining Cu concentration in alkaline solutions is developed utilizing Pb as a deposition mediator. As such, it was found that when analyzing Cu solutions in the presence of Pb, the stripping voltammetry curves present separate and defined Cu stripping peaks. Different analyzes were made to find the best stripping voltammetry performance conditions. As such, an accumulation time of 5 minutes, an accumulation potential of≤−1.45 V vs. Hg/HgO, and a concentration of 35 wt% KOH were determined to be the conditions that presented the best ASV results. Utilizing these conditions, calibration curves in the presence of 5.0 ppm Pb showed the best linear stripping signal correlation with an r-squared value of 0.991 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.67 ppm. These results give way to evaluating Cu concentrations using ASV in aqueous alkaline solutions.
Coverage Performance in Cognitive Radio Networks with Self-sustained Secondary Transmitters

In this paper, we investigate the opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) of self-sustained secondary transmitters (STs) in cognitive radio (CR) network to improve both the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. Particularly, by utilizing energy harvesting, the STs are assumed to be able to collect and store ambient powers for data transmission. An energy harvesting based OSA protocol, namely the EH-PRA protocol, is considered, under which a ST is eventually allowed to launch the transmission only if its battery level is larger than the transmit power and the estimated interference perceived at the active primary receivers (PRs) is lower than a threshold \(N_{ra}\). Given that the battery capacity of STs is infinite, we derive the transmission probability of STs. We then characterize the coverage performance of the CR network. Finally, simulation results are provided for the validation of our analysis.
The Utricle in Ictalurus punctatus

The inferior division of the inner ear (saccule and lagena) is considered the primary area of audition in most fishes and has received most of the attention in anatomical investigations of the labyrinth. Recent ultrastructural studies have provided information on surface features of the sensory areas in numerous species, defining various polarization patterns and several types of hair cell bundles. Speculation on the function of particular types of hair cells has been possible to some extent based on physiological data available on the inferior division. The ultrastructure of the superior division of the labyrinth has received less attention; this may be due, at least in part, to indications that anatomically this region displays less interspecific diversity than the inferior division, and functionally the superior division is considered primarily a gravistatic organ in most fishes (Lowenstein 1971). Differences in the types of hair cell bundles have been reported in the utricular maculae of a few osteichthyan species (Dale 1976, Platt 1977, Popper 1978). Attempts to interpret the functional significance of these bundles has often been based upon their presence in sensory areas other than the utricular macula, sometimes in different species, where the function of the region is better known. If bundle type indicates specific function, the presence of cells in the utricle that are similar to those in areas of the inner ear not considered as gravistatic organs suggests that the utricular macula in osteichthyans may have more than one function.
Development of a Protocol: Why You Need More Than Just an Isolated 3-Ounce Water Swallow Challenge

Drinking 3 ounces of water in isolation will not provide the clinician with enough information to make an informed and appropriate decision about aspiration risk status and diet recommendations. A brief cognitive assessment comprised of answering orientation questions and following single-step verbal commands provided information on prediction of odds of aspiration risk for liquid and puree food consistencies as well as overall eating status. An oral mechanism examination provided new and clinically relevant information for lingual range of motion and facial symmetry specifically when incomplete the clinician should be alerted to potential increased odds of aspiration risk.
Book Review on “Essentials of Free Radical Biology and Medicine”

This review introduces a new book titled, “Essentials of Free Radical Biology and Medicine” authored by Robert Z. Hopkins and Y. Robert Li. This new book is worth a thorough review to benefit potential readers, owning to its unique features including: conciseness, consistent writing format, full-color illustrations, supplementation with self-assessment questions and explanations, and finally, perhaps most importantly, coverage of only cutting-edge research discoveries published in highly influential journals with an impact factor typically above 10.
Procedural city generation beyond game development

The common trend in the scientific inquiry of urban areas and their populations is to use real-world geographic and population data to understand, explain, and predict urban phenomena. We argue that this trend limits our understanding of urban areas as dealing with arbitrarily collected geographic data requires technical expertise to process; moreover, population data is often aggregated, sparsified, or anonymized for privacy reasons. We believe synthetic urban areas generated via procedural city generation, which is a technique mostly used in the gaming area, could help improve the state-of-the-art in many disciplines which study urban areas. In this paper, we describe a selection of research areas that could benefit from such synthetic urban data and show that the current research in procedurally generated cities needs to address specific issues (e.g., plausibility) to sufficiently capture real-world cities and thus take such data beyond gaming.
Measurement Reliability of Laryngeal Resistance and Mean Flow Rate in Pediatric Subjects.

Summary Objective Mean flow rate (MFR) and laryngeal resistance (RL) are sensitive to changes in glottal configuration and biomechanics. There is little reported on aerodynamic parameters in children. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate MFR and RL measurement reliability in a pediatric population using labial and mechanical interruption methods. Method Thirty-nine subjects aged 4–17 performed 10 trials per method. For labial interruptions, subjects produced five labial plosives at a comfortable amplitude. For mechanical interruptions, subjects maintained a steady /α/ while a balloon valve interrupted their airflow five times for 250 milliseconds each. MFR was measured as the flow through the interruption device between interruptions. RL was calculated by dividing subglottal pressure (Ps) by MFR. The primary outcome measures of this study were the coefficients of variation of MFR and RL. Paired t tests were used to compare each variable between the two methods. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between each parameter and subject age. Results Mean PS (t(38) = 2.966, P Conclusions Differences in means and intrasubject variation are likely due to differences in task and measurement timing. Precision of MFR and RL measurement in pediatric subjects was higher for mechanical interruption; further exploration of this method and its clinical utility is warranted. Measurement of aerodynamic parameters may be a useful addition to pediatric voice assessment.
Meridional Atmospheric Heat Transport Constrained by Energetics and Mediated by Large-Scale Diffusion

AbstractMeridional atmospheric heat transport (AHT) has been investigated through three broad perspectives: a dynamic perspective, linking AHT to the poleward flux of moist static energy (MSE) by a...
DNA methylation dynamics during epigenetic reprogramming of medaka embryo.

Post-fertilization epigenome reprogramming erases epigenetic marks transmitted through gametes and establishes new marks during mid-blastula stages. The mouse embryo undergoes dynamic DNA methylati...
Leveraging Model Predictive Control As A Calibration Method To Develop Implementable Vehicle Dynamics Controls

As on-board computing power in automotive ECUs grows, the possibility of running an online Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm is becoming a reality. However, there still exists a gap between developmental hardware used for MPC development and production-grade hardware. Nevertheless, engineers can use MPC to investigate the most optimal way of obtaining the desired control output. This paper uses the front/rear wheel torque allocation problem in an electric all-wheel-drive (eAWD) vehicle as a case study to investigate how MPC can be leveraged as a calibration method to develop an implementable torque split control system with a good initial calibration. The eAWD powertrain architecture is modeled and integrated with a high fidelity CarSim vehicle dynamics model. An idealized MPC controller is developed and used in several use cases with the CarSim vehicle in the loop to collect data on how the MPC controller obtains the optimal wheel torque distribution. The collected data is then used to develop an implementable control system which is easily calibrateable. The performance of the implementable control system is then compared to the idealized MPC controller in the simulation environment and it is shown that the implementable controller obtains similar performance to the idealized MPC controller.
A hybrid and scalable error correction algorithm for indel and substitution errors of long reads

Long-read sequencing has shown the promises to overcome the short length limitations of second-generation sequencing by providing more complete assembly. However, the computation of the long sequencing reads is challenged by their higher error rates (e.g., 13% vs. 1%) and higher cost ($0.3 vs. $0.03 per Mbp) compared to the short reads. In this paper, we present a new hybrid error correction tool, called ParLECH (Parallel Long-read Error Correction using Hybrid methodology). The error correction algorithm of ParLECH is distributed in nature and efficiently utilizes the k-mer coverage information of high throughput Illumina short-read sequences to rectify the PacBio long-read sequences.ParLECH first constructs a de Bruijn graph from the short reads, and then replaces the indel error regions of the long reads with their corresponding widest path (or maximum min-coverage path) in the short read-based de Bruijn graph. ParLECH then utilizes the k-mer coverage information of the short reads to divide each long read into a sequence of low and high coverage regions, followed by a majority voting to rectify each substituted error base. ParLECH outperforms latest state-of-the-art hybrid error correction methods on real PacBio datasets. Our experimental evaluation results demonstrate that ParLECH can correct large-scale real-world datasets in an accurate and scalable manner. ParLECH can correct the indel errors of human genome PacBio long reads (312 GB) with Illumina short reads (452 GB) in less than 29 h using 128 compute nodes. ParLECH can align more than 92% bases of an E. coli PacBio dataset with the reference genome, proving its accuracy. ParLECH can scale to over terabytes of sequencing data using hundreds of computing nodes. The proposed hybrid error correction methodology is novel and rectifies both indel and substitution errors present in the original long reads or newly introduced by the short reads.
Goodpasture’s Syndrome

In 1919, Ernest Goodpasture described the case of a young man with a fatal illness characterized by hemoptysis, alveolar hemorrhage and necrosis, and proliferative glomerulonephritis (1). Stanton and Tange, in 1958, were the first to use the eponym Goodpasture’s syndrome to describe cases of pulmonary hemorrhage and necrotizing glomerulonephritis (2), although a large number of similar cases have been reported in the literature since the original description by Goodpasture. The original diagnosis of this syndrome was based on the clinical presence of pulmonary and renal involvement, and the underlying pathology described in literature reports varied. As we have come to understand, such pulmonary-renal syndromes have more than one etiology (Table 1).