cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of B7.1 costimulation on T-cell based immunity against TAP-negative cancer can be facilitated by TAP1 expression.

Tumors deficient in expression of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) usually fail to induce T-cell-mediated immunity and are resistant to T-cell lysis. However, we have found that introduction of the B7.1 gene into TAP-negative (TAP−) or TAP1-transfected (TAP1+) murine lung carcinoma CMT.64 cells can augment the capacity of the cells to induce a protective immune response against wild-type tumor cells. Differences in the strength of the protective immune responses were observed between TAP− and TAP1+ B7.1 expressing CMT.64 cells depending on the doses of γ-irradiated cell immunization. While mice immunized with either high or low dose of B7.1-expressing TAP1+ cells rejected TAP− tumors, only high dose immunization with B7.1-expressing TAP− cells resulted in tumor rejection. The induced protective immunity was T-cell dependent as demonstrated by dramatically reduced antitumor immunity in mice depleted of CD8 or CD4 cells. Augmentation of T-cell mediated immune response against TAP− tumor cells was also observed in a virally infected tumor cell system. When mice were immunized with a high dose of γ-irradiated CMT.64 cells infected with vaccinia viruses carrying B7.1 and/or TAP1 genes, we found that the cells co-expressing B7.1 and TAP1, but not those expressing B7.1 alone, induced protective immunity against CMT.64 cells. In addition, inoculation with live tumor cells transfected with several different gene(s) revealed that only B7.1- and TAP1-coexpressing tumor cells significantly decreased tumorigenicity. These results indicate that B7.1-provoked antitumor immunity against TAP− cancer is facilitated by TAP1-expression, and thus both genes should be considered for cancer therapy in the future.
Avoidance and escape conditioning in lizards

Evidence of the ability to learn has been established for species very low on the phylogenetic scale, whereas some higher species have not been shown to have this ability. Lizards are a prime example of this omission. The present study was undertaken to assess two types of learning capability in the lizard, as well as to determine possible methodological problems. For 6 members of the species Anolis Carolinensis results indicate capacity for acquiring a fairly complex escape response but none for utilizing a discriminative stimulus in order to avoid a noxious event.
Multispectral Reflectance of Cotton Related to Plant Growth, Soil Water and Texture, and Site Elevation

Radiometric data can be useful to determine the impact of field heterogeneity, irrigation, and fertilization on plant water and N use. A 2-yr (1998-1999) study was conducted on the South Texas High Plains to investigate cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) spectral and agronomic responses to irrigation and N fertilization and to determine the simple and cross correlation among cotton reflectance, plant growth, N uptake, lint yield, site elevation (SE), and soil water and texture. The treatments were irrigation at 50 and 75% of calculated cotton evapotranspiration (ET) and N rates of 0, 90, and 135 kg ha -1 arranged in an incomplete block of size-2 design. Plant and soil spectral properties were investigated within a wavelength of 447 to 1752 nm. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance was positively correlated with plant biomass and N uptake. Reflectance in the red and midinfrared band increased with SE. The mixed-model analysis showed that cotton NIR reflectance, normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), soil water, N uptake, and lint yield were significantly affected by irrigation (P < 0.0012). The N treatment had no effect on spectral parameters, and interaction between irrigation and N fertilizer was significant on NIR reflectance (P < 0.0027). All spectral and agronomic parameters measured were associated with SE. The red and NIR reflectance and NDVI were cross-correlated with soil water, sand, clay, and SE across a distance of 60 to 80 m. Characterization of plant and soil reflectance and their spatial structure can be the basis for variable N application on heterogeneous fields to increase N use efficiency.
Persuasive writings, vigilant readings, and reconstructed characters: the paradox of trust in educational storysharing

This paper addresses the issue of trust/mistrust in relation to the discourses of educational storytelling. Poststructuralists have highlighted the power relationships embedded within these kinds of discourse. Their recommended attitude is one of suspicion. But the author insists that, like discursive forms of critical science, story genres can sometimes achieve critical significance. That is, stories addressing educational phenomena can promote emancipatory moments within readers and thereby earn their trust. Examples of such moments in the life of the author‐as‐reader are provided. The author suggests that the integrity of such trustworthy stories be honored by publication in education journals.
Characterization of Myocardial Passive Stiffness in a Mouse Model of Volume Overload Heart Failure

ABSTRACTVolume overload (VO) heart failure occurs due to pathologies such as mitral valve regurgitation, infarcts and ventricular septal defects, and leads to characteristic eccentric dilation. Changes in passive myocardial stiffness are not well understood and here we dissected the contribution of extracellular matrix (ECM)-based and titin-based stiffness to overall passive stiffness. Titin is a giant protein that regulates passive tension and hence diastolic function in the myocardium. In heart failure, differential splicing and phosphorylation events can occur that alter the stiffness of this protein and influence hemodynamics. Increased diastolic stiffness due to differential splicing and phosphorylation of titin has been observed in pressure overload hypertrophy; however, there are no published studies investigating whether pure LV VO during compensated heart failure leads to changes in titin based passive stiffness. We studied the role of titin in modulating diastolic function in VO induced by aortocaval fistula (ACF) in the mouse. ACF was induced in three-month-old male C57BL/6 animals and allowed to progress for 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, echocardiography confirmed the presence of eccentric dilation and decreased systolic function as expected. Tissues were obtained from control and VO hearts for mechanical measurements and protein studies. Skinned muscle mechanics indicated an increase in both titin and ECM based passive based stiffness; we are currently investigating the molecular basis of the changes in titin. In summary, VO causes an increase in passive stiffness to which titin contributes.
A phenomenological description of creep transients based on anelasticity

A phenomenological model of creep anelasticity is developed. It is applied to previously reported data for polycrystalline aluminum and copper, and single crystals of aluminum. The results demonstrate that an excellent description of the magnitude and kinetics of backflow can be obtained using two Voigt solids in series, one with a linear dashpot and the other incorporating a power law dashpot with an exponent of 2. This phenomenological model is combined with constant substructure forward creep data to demonstrate that stress reduction creep transients can be represented by a superposition of anelasticity and forward flow. While operationally successful, it is argued that this superposition is valid only if the two mechanisms operate independently. Neither the data nor the results of the model permit the mechanisms of backflow to be identified completely. However, several indirect observations indicate that the processes of backflow are directly related to the creep substructure. Further, the power 2 stress dependence suggests that the initial backflow processes are controlled by dislocation glide on noncompact planes. The linear behavior observed at longer times is then probably associated with relaxation of subgrain walls. Finally, it is demonstrated that forward flow and reverse flow under constant structure conditions cannot be represented by the same kinetic laws. This finding indicates that the two mechanisms are different, and supports the contention that creep transients can be described as a superposition of forward and reverse flow.
Theory of moves learners: towards non-myopic equilibria

In contrast to classical game theoretic analysis of simultaneous and sequential play in bimatrix games, Steven Brams has proposed an alternative framework called the Theory of Moves (TOM) where players can choose their initial actions and then, in alternating turns, decide to shift or not from its current action. A backward induction process is used to determine a non-myopic action and equilibrium is reached when an agent, on its turn to move, decides to not change its current action. Brams claims that the TOM framework captures the dynamics of a wide range of real-life non-cooperative negotiations ranging over political, historical, and religious disputes. We believe that his analysis is weakened by the assumption that a player has perfect knowledge of the opponent's payoff. We present a learning approach by which TOM players can learn to converge to Non-Myopic Equilibria (NME) without prior knowledge of its opponent's preferences and by inducing them from past choices made by the opponent. We present experimental results from all structurally distinct 2-by-2 games without a common preferred outcome showing convergence of our proposed learning player to NMEs. We also discuss the relation between equilibriums in sequential games and NMEs of TOM.
ENDOGENOUS HISTAMINE IN MALE ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION.

Histamine was found to be present in the testes, seminal vesicles and prostate glands of the mouse, rat and rabbit. Sex accessory organs contained much higher concentrations of histamine than did testicular tissue. Following castration, the concentration (μg/g) of this amine was consistently elevated in accessory organs of reproduction, the greatest increases occurring in the prostate glands. Changes in the total amount of histamine in these organs (μg/organ) following castration were not as marked and were found to vary with the species, increasing in the rat and decreasing in the mouse and rabbit. Testosterone propionate administration prevented the increase in histamine concentration and content normally seen in the castrate rat. Results from these studies suggest that previously described sex differences in histamine metabolism, at least in the rat, may be related to sex accessory tissue. (Endocrinology 76: 839, 1965)
Fabrication of an electrochemical tip-probe system embedded in SiNx cantilevers for simultaneous SECM and AFM analysis

An electrochemical transducer system embedded in silicon nitride cantilevers has been fabricated for simultaneous Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. Sharpened high-aspect ratio silicon tips are shaped combining isotropic and anisotropic deep-reactive etch processes and form the body of the transducer. Deposition of a silicon nitride followed by a back-etch step allows embedding these silicon tips in a silicon nitride layer so that they protrude through the nitride. This way, embedded silicon tips with a diameter smaller than 600 nm, a radius smaller than 50 nm, and an aspect ratio higher than 20 can be achieved. Subsequently, a platinum layer and an insulator layer are deposited on these tip structures. Introducing a metal masking technology utilizing Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technology, a precise exposure of the buried metal layer can be achieved to form ultra-micro electrodes on top of the tip. Finally, cantilever structures are shaped and released by etching the silicon substrate from the backside. Electrochemical and impedance spectroscopic characterization show electrochemical functionality of the transducer system. Due to the high aspect ratio topography of the tip structure and low spring constant of silicon nitride cantilevers, these probes are particularly suited for high resolution SECM and AFM analysis. Furthermore, this technology allows a production of both linear probe-arrays and two-dimensional probe-arrays.
Abnormal lipid composition of fat tissue in human mesenteric panniculitis.

Mesenteric fat tissue obtained at autopsy from 6 patients with mesenteric panniculitis (MP) were found to contain significant amounts of cholesteryl esters (CE). In addition, samples from 3 of these cases were found to contain 0.5–1.3% free cholesterol, 0.9–1.9% free fatty acids (FFA), 0.6–2.5% 1-alkyl glyceryl ether diesters and small amounts of squalene. Two of these tissues also contained alk-1-enyl glyceryl ether diesters. The fatty acid compositions of the CE, FFA, triacylglycerides and glyceryl ether diesters (GEDE) were determined and oleic acid (18∶1) was found to be the major fatty acid. The alkyl group composition of the GEDE consisted essentially of 16∶0 and 18∶0 and 18∶1 carbon atoms in both types of ethers.
Chemical scoring system for hazard and exposure identification

To assist in the preliminary evaluation of compounds of toxicological and environmental interest to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a scoring system was devised as a collaborative effort between the EPA and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The scoring system combines objective guidelines with professional judgment to evaluate chemicals and consists of 11 separate scoring parameters, 6 of which pertain directly to toxicity, e.g., aquatic toxicity and oncogenicity. The remaining parameters are related to environmental fate and occupational, consumer, and environmental exposure. The scoring system was designed to rapidly score chemicals in a minimal amount of time with readily available information. It is used by the Office of Toxic Substances of the EPA as a tool to help set priorities in conjunction with other criteria. It is particularly useful in performing preliminary evaluations involving large chemical classes, such as petroleum distillates.
IN VITRO QUANTITATION OF THE CIRCUMOVAL PRECIPITIN TEST IN INFECTIONS WITH SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI.

Abstract The globulins from sera reacting weakly (1+) to the circumoval precipitin test for schistosomiasis were concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and lyophylization. It was demonstrated that a 1+ reaction is a true positive reaction by the concentrated 1+ globulins yielding up to 3+ circumoval precipitin reactions. The globulins from strongly reacting sera (4+) were likewise concentrated to observe whether still larger precipitates would be formed. The precipitates obtained were not significantly larger than those obtained with the unconcentrated strongly reacting (4+) globulins. Strongly reacting sera (4+) were diluted serially to observe the effects of dilution of antibody upon the size of the precipitates formed. Dilution of antibodies resulted in formation of significantly smaller precipitates. The higher the dilution, the smaller the precipitates obtained. The length of the precipitates appears to be a quantitative measure of the amount of anti-egg antibody present in the serum of animals or humans infected with the parasite Schistosorna mansoni.
Nodal signaling regulates endodermal cell motility and actin dynamics via Rac1 and Prex1

Embryo morphogenesis is driven by dynamic cell behaviors, including migration, that are coordinated with fate specification and differentiation, but how such coordination is achieved remains poorly understood. During zebrafish gastrulation, endodermal cells sequentially exhibit first random, nonpersistent migration followed by oriented, persistent migration and finally collective migration. Using a novel transgenic line that labels the endodermal actin cytoskeleton, we found that these stage-dependent changes in migratory behavior correlated with changes in actin dynamics. The dynamic actin and random motility exhibited during early gastrulation were dependent on both Nodal and Rac1 signaling. We further identified the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Prex1 as a Nodal target and showed that it mediated Nodal-dependent random motility. Reducing Rac1 activity in endodermal cells caused them to bypass the random migration phase and aberrantly contribute to mesodermal tissues. Together, our results reveal a novel role for Nodal signaling in regulating actin dynamics and migration behavior, which are crucial for endodermal morphogenesis and cell fate decisions.
Dysfunctions of Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex in Psychopathy

Psychopathy is a developmental disorder marked by emotional hypo-responsiveness and an increased risk for instrumental and reactive aggression. In this paper, it will be argued that the developmental origins of psychopathy do not lie in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) dysfunction. This is because the key functional impairments seen in psychopathy are associated with amygdala damage, not with OFC damage. However, it will be argued that the role played by the integrated functioning of the amygdala and medial OFC in stimulus-reinforcement learning and decision making is disrupted in psychopathy. Impaired learning of stimulus-reinforcement associations and representation of reinforcement expectations are thought to underlie the impairments in socialization and appropriate decision making seen in psychopathy. It is suggested that the impairment in the role of medial OFC in prediction error signaling and the detection of contingency change may underlie the impairments in flexible behavioral change seen in psychopathy.
Comparison study of 3.5 GHz class-F power amplifiers

This paper compares the performance of two 3.5 GHz class-F amplifiers, one uses quarter wavelength transmission line to do the harmonics manipulation, the other one uses third order harmonic peaking technique. Simulation results show that the PA with quarter wavelength transmission line does not show significant advantage, even in term of efficiency, over the simple third harmonic peaking PA, though it does has a higher output PldB.
Improved Two-Antenna Direction Finding Inspired by Human Ears

This paper presents an improved two-antenna microwave passive direction finding system inspired by the human auditory system. By incorporating a head-like scatterer between two monopole antennas, both phase and magnitude information can be utilized to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of a microwave signal, thus eliminating ambiguities associated with phase wrapping at high frequency, just like human ears. In addition, better DOA sensitivity is demonstrated with the incorporation of the head-like scatterer. Both numerical modeling and experimental results of a simple X-band two-monopole configuration with symmetric and asymmetric scatterers are presented.
Lower Bound Yield Locus Calculations

A lower-bound model for the deformation of work-hardening polycrystals is proposed. All grains are assumed to be loaded under the same stress and the stress–strain behavior is found by averaging the strains in all grains. The shapes of the yield loci have been calculated for textured metals which deform by {111} 〈 110 〉 slip (fcc) and by 〈 111 〉 -pencil glide (bcc). As with the corresponding upper-bound models, the yield loci are best described by an anisotropic yield criterion with an exponent of 6 to 10 (instead of 2 as in the Hill theory). Also it is shown that a model of polycrystal deformation in which the grains are loaded to the same stress ratio (but not the same level of stresses) violates normality and is not a lower bound.
Harmonizing Essential Facilities

The United States and the rest of the world have taken markedly different views of the essential facilities doctrine in recent years. Although the essential facility doctrine has many defenders in the United States, it has been criticized by the Supreme Court in dicta, in the report of the Antitrust Modernization Commission, and the more recent monopoly report of the Bush administration Justice Department.The situation is quite different everywhere else. In Europe, the essential facilities doctrine, also called unilateral refusals to deal, has been applied over the past thirty years by the European Commission, the Court of First Instance, the European Court of Justice, and increasingly courts of the twenty-seven Member States. In addition, the European Commission’s recently-issued draft guidelines on the abuse of dominance endorse the doctrine and sensibly describe its application and limitations. The situation is similar in countries outside of the European Union. Most jurisdictions, both common law and civil law, apply some form of the essential facility doctrine to unjustifiable denials of access to infrastructure and other forms of facilities that are impossible to duplicate, but nonetheless essential for competition.Of course, just because everyone does something does not make it right. However, there is a growing international consensus that it is sometimes appropriate to require a regime of nondiscriminatory access to infrastructure and related facilities. The extent to which the international community is applying some version of the essential facilities doctrine in a thoughtful and consistent manner suggests that the United States is an outlier and should rethink its position. A revitalized essential facilities doctrine more in line with the international consensus would be beneficial domestically as well as internationally.In this essay, we look briefly at the law of the essential facilities doctrine in the United States and abroad in order to analyze which jurisdictions have applied these rules in a sensible and economically efficient manner, and which have used the doctrine in a more ad hoc and arbitrary fashion. Part One analyzes the situation in the United States. Part Two examines the law of essential facilities and unilateral refusals to deal in the European Union and its member states. Part Three looks at the rest of the world and the variety of approaches followed in diverse common and civil law jurisdictions that have examined this question. Part Four looks at the prospects for harmonization of these divergent approaches through the International Competition Network and the more constructive role that the United States must play if these efforts are to be successful. Part Five offers substantive suggestions to better harmonize U.S. law and practice with the developing consensus that antitrust law has an important role to play when dominant firms deny access to essential facilities in economically and socially harmful ways.
Importance of Confirming Data on the In Vivo Efficacy of Novel Antibacterial Drug Regimens against Various Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

In preclinical testing of antituberculosis drugs, laboratory-adapted strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are usually used both for in vitro and in vivo studies. However, it is unknown whether the heterogeneity of M. tuberculosis stocks used by various laboratories can result in different outcomes in tests of antituberculosis drug regimens in animal infection models. In head-to-head studies, we investigated whether bactericidal efficacy results in BALB/c mice infected by inhalation with the laboratory-adapted strains H37Rv and Erdman differ from each other and from those obtained with clinical tuberculosis strains. Treatment of mice consisted of dual and triple drug combinations of isoniazid (H), rifampin (R), and pyrazinamide (Z). The results showed that not all strains gave the same in vivo efficacy results for the drug combinations tested. Moreover, the ranking of HRZ and RZ efficacy results was not the same for the two H37Rv strains evaluated. The magnitude of this strain difference also varied between experiments, emphasizing the risk of drawing firm conclusions for human trials based on single animal studies. The results also confirmed that the antagonism seen within the standard HRZ regimen by some investigators appears to be an M. tuberculosis strain-specific phenomenon. In conclusion, the specific identity of M. tuberculosis strain used was found to be an important variable that can change the apparent outcome of in vivo efficacy studies in mice. We highly recommend confirmation of efficacy results in late preclinical testing against a different M. tuberculosis strain than the one used in the initial mouse efficacy study, thereby increasing confidence to advance potent drug regimens to clinical trials.
On the kinetic energy of the divergent and nondivergent flow in the atmosphere

The kinetic energy of horizontal flow in a hydrostatic atmosphere is divided into the kinetic energies of its divergent and nondivergent components. The law of conversion between these two energies for large-scale flows in the atmosphere is derived and discussed using balanced and unbalanced models of circulations in the atmosphere. It is shown that the total potential energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the divergent flow which, in turn, is converted into the kinetic energy of the nondivergent flow. These energy conversions are equal in a so-called balanced model, but may differ in a model based on the primitive equations. The analysis shows that the kinetic energy reservoir of the divergent part of the flow may play a quasi-catalytic role in the energy conversion between the total potential energy and the kinetic energy of the nondivergent flow. Two sets of data, the history data generated by the NCAR GCM of a January simulation, and the NMC wind data and FNWC height field of August 1 to 15 of 1970, were used to evaluate the energies and energy conversions. The computations confirm the direction of energy conversions in the theoretical argument and the quasi-catalytic nature of the kinetic energy of the divergent part of the flow. The energy conversions between the total potential energy and the kinetic energy of the divergent flow occurs mainly in the lower layers of the atmosphere at middle latitudes where the baroclinic eddy activities are dominant. The energy conversion between the kinetic energies of the divergent and the nondivergent flows is mostly carried out by the Coriolis effect. In other words, the quasi-geostrophic model explains most of this energy conversion. The introduction of a more sophisticated model gives small improvement as far as the magnitude of energy is concerned. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00697.x
NUTRITIONAL INTERACTIONS AND FRUIT REMOVAL: CEDAR WAXWING CONSUMPTION OF VIBURNUM OPULUS FRUITS IN SPRING

Fruits of Viburnum opulus (highbush cranberry, guelder rose) ripen in the fall and remain uneaten throughout the winter months. To investigate the fruiting strategy of this plant, I described the natural history of fruit removal from V. opulus shrubs in central New York and investigated nutritional mechanisms for the phenology of fruit re- moval by its principal disperser. Viburnum opulus fruit crops were often completely con- sumed in April and May, almost exclusively by Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum). Sugar solute concentration of V. opulus fruit pulp increased over the winter season through dehydration. When wild Cedar Waxwings were presented with early-season (removed and frozen in December) and remnant late-season (April) fruits, they strongly preferred early- season fruits. This result demonstrated that springtime consumption of V. opuius fruits by Cedar Waxwings is not caused by chemical changes in the fruit pulp during the winter months that enhance fruit palatability. Cedar Waxwings often fed intermittently on the male catkins of eastern cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) when eating V. opulus fruits. Feeding experiments with captive wax- wings showed that birds lost body mass on either V. opulus fruits or P. deltoides catkins alone, but maintained or gained body mass when offered both foods simultaneously. The combined diet provided Cedar Waxwings with nutritionally sufficient amounts of energy from fruit sugars and protein from pollen. Two chemical characteristics of V. opulus fruits were implicated in creating a short-term demand for supplemental protein: an especially low nitrogen/carbohydrate ratio and secondary compounds. The pulp of V. opulus fruits contains secondary compounds that make this fruit very acidic, presenting consumers with the challenge of maintaining acid/base homeostasis. Elevated nitrogen losses by waxwings eating only V. opulus fruits were consistent with the hypothesis that birds catabolized protein to produce bicarbonate as an acid buffer. Secondary compounds may play a central role in the evolution of plant fruiting syndromes because of their dual effects on microbes, me- diating persistence of fruits in the environment, and palatability of fruits to seed dispersers, presumably because they exact a protein cost from consumers. These results showed that nutritional interactions of seasonally ephemeral food items can determine temporal patterns of fruit consumption. The well-defended fruits of V. opulus are eaten when more palatable fruits no longer remain and when a complementary protein source becomes available. This fruiting strategy can result in wholesale seed dispersal. The restricted nature of the mutualism between waxwings and V. opulus appears to be a result of the extraordinary persistence of these fruits and the unique dietary habits of waxwings. Viburnum opulus fruits remain uneaten until the spring months, when waxwings are scav- enging remnant crops of sugary fruits and most other avian frugivores have switched to animal foods.
The Orientation of Strophomenid Brachiopods on Soft Substrates

Strophomenid brachiopods have long been interpreted as ''snowshoe'' strategists, with their flattened concavo- convex valves providing resistance to foundering in very soft sediments. There has been a sharp difference of opinion in whether the shells were oriented with their convex or their concave surface in contact with the sediment. This study, along with independent evidence from sedimentology, ichnology, and morphology, indicates that the strophomenids lived with their shells concave down (convex up). Experiments indicate the force required to push shells into soft cohesive muds is much greater for the convex up than for the convex down orientation. Forces also increase with shell curvature. All measured forces greatly exceed estimates of the downward force exerted by the weight of the shell, indicating that foundering resistance may not have been the key functional requirement. Instead, a convex up orientation would have provided resistance to overturning in currents, in particular if the valves gaped widely. The ''snowshoe'' may not be the relevant paradigm for the shell morphology of these forms. An alternative is that they functioned more as a tip-resistant base, similar to those of garden umbrellas or stanchions.
VoMESH: voice over wireless MESH networks

In this work, we focus on increasing network utilization to support real-time applications, especially voice over IP, in 802.11b wireless mesh network. For increasing capacity, we investigate on two directions: use of packet aggregation and utilize of header compression. Although aggregation reduces 802.11 MAC overhead, it also increases delay. We present a distributed multihop aggregation algorithm that uses the "natural" waiting time in the interface queue of packets in a loaded network. Header compression can relax the VoIP protocol overhead, but it also introduces the signaling overhead. In our work, we propose a zero-length header compression algorithm integrated with packet aggregation, which doesn't need to depend on the signaling mechanism to recover the context discrepancy between compressor and decompressor. The above performance optimization techniques are experimented in the NS2 simulator. The experimental results show an increase of 12 times for a six hop string when all optimizations are used
The HilA Box and Sequences outside It Determine the Magnitude of HilA-Dependent Activation of P prgH from Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1

Salmonella requires genes on the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) for the intestinal phase of infection in several models of pathogenesis. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, most SPI1 genes are arranged in operons that are coordinately regulated by the SPI1-encoded protein HilA. In the past, it has been shown that HilA directly activates two promoters on SPI1, PinvF-1 and PprgH. PinvF-1 contains a HilA binding site, termed a HilA box, that is necessary and sufficient for activation by HilA. The HilA box is 17 nucleotides long and contains a direct repeat comprised of two hexamers separated by 5 nucleotides, centered at −45 relative to the start site of transcription. PprgH also contains a HilA box, and here we investigate its role at PprgH. We have found that the HilA box is necessary, but not sufficient, for HilA-dependent activation of PprgH. Instead, half-site-like hexamers outside the HilA box appear to be required for HilA-dependent activation of PprgH, even though HilA binds to the HilA box in the absence of these hexamers. Thus, although HilA-dependent activation of PinvF-1 and PprgH coordinates the expression of the structural genes for a type III secretion apparatus and the effectors secreted by that apparatus, it is also possible that mechanisms not apparent under in vitro inducing conditions could separate the expression of invFGEABC-spaMNOPQRS-sicA-sipBCDA-iacP-sicP-sptP and prgHIJK-orgABC.
Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery

Morris E. Hartstein, Guy G. Massry, and John B. Holds, eds. Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery . New York, NY: Springer, 2015. ISBN-10: 1493915436, ISBN-13: 978-1493915439, $249.00. ![Graphic][1] This is the second edition of this textbook, which now contains 203 short chapters on various aspects of cosmetic oculoplastic surgery in almost 700 pages. The editors are experienced and respected surgeons, and contributions come from 112 authors in the fields of oculoplastic surgery, plastic surgery, facial plastic surgery, dermatology, and oral surgery. The concept of the book is to provide brief discussions in a “how I do it” style on the gamut of procedures in oculoplastic surgery, where each chapter may cover a very specific part of a procedure. For example, there are about ten chapters on how to manage the fat in lower lid blepharoplasty and seven chapters on how to design the incision in upper eyelid blepharoplasty. There is considerable and purposeful repetition so as to reflect the preferences and nuances of different surgeons. The book is divided into 25 sections … Corresponding Author: Dr Ted Wojno, The Emory Clinic-B, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322. E-mail: ophttw{at}emory.edu [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Optimal Adaptive Learning in Uncontrolled Restless Bandit Problems

In this paper we consider the problem of learning the optimal policy for uncontrolled restless bandit problems. In an uncontrolled restless bandit problem, there is a finite set of arms, each of which when pulled yields a positive reward. There is a player who sequentially selects one of the arms at each time step. The goal of the player is to maximize its undiscounted reward over a time horizon T . The reward process of each arm is a finite state Markov chain, whose transition probabilities are unknown by the player. State transitions of each arm is independent of the selection of the player. We propose a learning algorithm with logarithmic regret uniformly over time with respect to the optimal finite horizon policy. Our results extend the optimal adaptive learning of MDPs to POMDPs.
Rescuing Science from Politics: The Government Role in Scientific Research: Who Should Bridge the Data Gap in Chemical Regulation?

Scientific information is a central concern of all regulation, especially the regulation of toxic chemicals. Information is both a prerequisite to regulatory action, and an object and collateral effect of the regulatory system itself. Regulatory systems, in other words, both demand and supply information. The demand side of chemical regulation has been explored in detail, and the dearth of such information (the "data gap") has been well documented. This essay, which will appear as a chapter in Rescuing Science from Politics Wendy Wagner & Rena Steinzor, eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, forthcoming July 2006), addresses instead the supply question - who should generate the information that regulatory systems require. Specifically, it asks who, as between the regulated industry and government, should generate it, and under what circumstances. The essay reviews the reasons for preferring private generation and the reasons for concern about the amount and quality of chemical information from this source. It concludes that regulated enterprises must be the baseline source of chemical information, but that there are several specific areas in which governmental generation should be preferred. They include types of information which are subject to structural market failure (thus precluding effective private generation), as to which the government has a comparative advantage as generator, and for which a governmental source is essential to the credibility of the information.
Salvage chemotherapy with high-dose carboplatin and etoposide (HDCE) with peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) in patients with relapsed seminoma

5054 Background: Patients with relapsed seminoma are treated with salvage chemotherapy. Current therapeutic options include cisplatin plus ifosfamide based regimens or high dose chemotherapy with PBSCT. At Indiana University HDCE was usually reserved for third line therapy for relapsed seminoma, unless there were visceral metastases or relapse within 3 months of initial chemotherapy. Methods: Retrospective review of 35 consecutive patients with pure seminoma (median 38 yrs; range 23–56 yrs) that received HDCE with PBSCT from 2/96–12/04. Cytoreductive chemotherapy with 0–2 courses of vinblastine, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VeIP) preceeded HDCE. Carboplatin dosage was 700mg/m2 for 3 days plus etoposide 750mg/m2 for 3 days. A second course of therapy was given after hematopoietic recovery. Results: Treatment related mortality was seen only in patients that received two or more prior regimens (median age 45 yrs, range 27–56 yrs) and occurred in 4/35 (11%) patients. One man died of AML at 62 months (see table ...
The Future of EEG Technology

(1972). The Future of EEG Technology. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 78-81.
Development of the Northwestern Esophageal Quality of Life Scale: A Hybrid Measure for Use Across Esophageal Conditions.

Development of the Northwestern Esophageal Quality of Life Scale: A Hybrid Measure for Use Across Esophageal Conditions
Critical graphs for acyclic colorings

The concept of acyclic colorings of graphs, introduced by Grunbaum [2], is a generalization of point-arboricity. An acyclic coloring of a graph is a proper coloring of its points such that there is no two-colored cycle. We denote by a(G), the acyclic chromatic number of a graph G, the minimum number of colors for an acyclic coloring of G. We call G k-critical if a(G) = fc but a(G′) for any proper subgraph G′. For all notation and terminology not defined here, see Harary [3].
Analysis on the Seismic Energy Response for Seismically Isolated Continuous Beam Bridge with Lead Rubber Bearing

The energy response equations of the seismically isolated continuous beam bridge are established based on the energy equilibrium theory.Based on FEA software SAP2000,the seismic energy response analyses of the continuous beam bridge without seismically isolated and with lead rubber bearing seismically isolated are carried out under the bidirectional excitation of 4 typical ground motion records.The results show that most of total seismic input energy(about 80%) of the bridge is consumed by hysteretic energy dissipation of lead rubber bearing,and the lead rubber bearing can reduce the structure inelasticity deformation and protect the safety of the main structure.The structure of lead rubber bearing has greater effect on the seismic energy response of the isolated continuous beam bridge.Larger diameter of lead core and larger stiffness ratio of the bearing can decrease the bearing ability of seismic responses reduced and isolated. Different characteristics of earthquake wave have the significant effect on the seismic energy response of bridge.Especially,when the lasting time of seismic wave becomes longer or the predominant period of earthquake wave approaches the natural period of seismically isolated bridge,the seismic energy response of bridge is larger.The lead rubber bearing is not suitable to be applied in the seismic isolation of the bridge under the condition of soft soil site.
Construction of Detection Ability in Basic Occupational Health Service

[Objective]To discuss how to construct suitable occupational health detection ability in basic occupational health service.[Methods]The occupational health testing system in Baoan District of Shenzhen City were analyzed in terms of its advantage,disadvantage,problem,and solution.[Results]Bao'an District,a pilot area for the labor input,with a large number of immigrant workers which not only received occupational health service from Baoan District CDC,but also from health cares centers of sub-district.The problems of size of personnel force,title structure,the quality of personnel,equipment,focusing on normal physical examination,neglecting occupational physical examination and detection of harmful factors,etc existed in occupational health service of Baoan District.[Conclusion]In labor input area,the number of occupational health inspectors should be more than that of common areas,the health institute of sub-district level should construct occupational health detection ability,and form a joint-action mechanism of district level to sub-district level.Some district(county)government,with good condition,should construct a special occupational health institute.
Cyclic membrane flow in the ingestive-digestive system of peritrich protozoans. II. Cup-shaped coated vesicles.

As peritrich food vacuoles condense during the initial stage of digestion, excess membrane pinches off as cup-shaped vesicles which exhibit a structured coat on the non-cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. As the membrane cycles from cup-shaped vesicles to diskoidal vesicles to cytopharynx to food vacuoles, the coat undergoes structural transformations from the condensed form (5 x 16 nm peg-shaped elements) to an extended form (long thin filaments). Review of the literature reveals morphologically similar coats which undergo similar transformations in the digestive organelles of flagellate protozoa, Hydra absorptive cells, insect pericardial cells, ileal absorptive cells of suckling rats, cells of the guinea-pig placenta, mammalian Langerhans cells, and macrophages. The similar functional situation in which these coated membranes occur suggests that the coat is important to the recognition and binding of macromolecules.
Anger arousal and behavioral anger regulation in everyday life among people with chronic low back pain: Relationships with spouse responses and negative affect.

Objective To determine the degree to which anger arousal and anger regulation (expression, inhibition) in the daily lives of people with chronic pain were related to spouse support, criticism, and hostility as perceived by patients and as reported by spouses. Method Married couples (N = 105, 1 spouse with chronic low back pain) completed electronic daily diaries, with assessments 5 times/day for 14 days. On these diaries, patients completed items on their own anger arousal, anger expression, and inhibition, and on perceived spouse support, criticism, and hostility. Spouses reported on their responses toward patients and their negative affect. Hierarchical linear modeling tested concurrent and lagged relationships. Results Patient-reported increases in anger arousal and anger expression were predominantly related to concurrent decreases in patient-perceived and spouse-reported spouse support, concurrent increases in patient-perceived and spouse-reported spouse criticism and hostility, and increases in spouse-reported negative affect. Relationships for anger expression remained significant with anger arousal controlled. These effects were especially strong for male patients. Spouses reported greater negative affect when patients were present than when they were not. Conclusions Social support may facilitate adjustment to chronic pain, with declining support and overt criticism and hostility possibly adversely impacting pain and function. Results suggest that patient anger arousal and expression may be related to a negative interpersonal environment for married couples coping with chronic low back pain.
Spectroscopic Evidence for Room Temperature Interaction of Molecular Oxygen with Cobalt Porphyrin Linker Sites within a Metal–Organic Framework

Metalloporphyrin-based metal–organic frameworks offer a promising platform for developing solid-state porous materials with accessible, coordinatively unsaturated metal sites. Probing small-molecule interactions at the metalloporphyrin sites within these materials on a molecular level under ambient conditions is crucial for both understanding and ultimately harnessing this functionality for potential catalytic purposes. Co-PCN-222, a metal–organic framework based on cobalt(II) porphyrin linkers. is investigated using in situ UV–vis diffuse-reflectance and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Spectroscopic evidence for the axial interaction of diatomic oxygen with the framework’s open metalloporphyrin sites at room temperature is presented and discussed.
Lymphocytic glomerulitis in an Ask-Upmark kidney.

AbstractLymphocytic glomerulitis in the Ask-Upmark kidney is a rare phenomenon. A case is reported in which the majority of the lymphoid cell infiltrate within the glomeruli was demonstrated to be of T cell origin.
Marketing by the Rules: Exploring Modern Monastic Business Practices in the Perspective of Religious Rules and Traditions

This research focuses on marketing practices of Benedictine monasteries. These communities make marketing decisions with respect to the products they make and sell, as well as their retailing and retreat businesses. These provide a setting for an examination of the role that marketing decisions play in raising funds to support one the world’s oldest nonprofit causes, that of religion and religious organizations. In addition, this study also provides a unique setting for examining how the role of religion as interpreted by religious rules for living and religious tradition affect marketing decisions. Exploratory investigation of this previously un-researched area helps to shed light on nonprofit marketing in religious settings, one of the lesser developed streams of nonprofit marketing research. Further, it also integrates the role of tradition, history and religious (highly mission related) directives into marketing decisions. The Rule of St. Benedict, written sometime close to 500 A.D. still governs the behavior of the largest group of monks and nuns. Testing reveals that “The Rule” still has a major effect on the marketing choices made in the monasteries but qualitative and other data demonstrate the variety of interpretations.
Trends in import and export of fishery products in the Czech Republic during 2010–2015

There has been a worldwide increase in consumption of fish from open waters and aquaculture during the last decades. In 2013, the Czech Republic was the sixth largest producer of fish within the EU, with annual production of 20,135 tonnes. However, during the period 2010–2015 import of fishery products to the Czech Republic increased from 39,098 to 43,399 tonnes. The monetary value of import increased by 81 % from 90.2 million EUR in 2010 to 169.9 million EUR in 2015. In 2010, the major imported fishery product was frozen fillets of sutchi catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) from Vietnam (8872 tonnes). In 2015, the most imported fishery product was whole chilled salmon (Salmo salar) from Norway (6897 tonnes). During 2010–2015, the export of fishery products increased from 18,167 to 22,134 tonnes, which is an increase by 21.8 %. The value of export has increased by 80 % from 54.5 million EUR in 2010 to 98.1 million EUR in 2015. The major exported fish was live common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at volume of 7545–9075 tonnes. This study looks at changes in market, volume and value of fish imported and exported during the last 6 years.