cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compact Magnetic Antennas for Directional Excitation of Surface Plasmons

Plasmonics is considered as one of the most promising candidates for implementing the next generation of ultrafast and ultracompact photonic circuits. Considerable effort has been made to scale down individual plasmonic components into the nanometer regime. However, a compact plasmonic source that can efficiently generate surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and deliver SPPs to the region of interest is yet to be realized. Here, bridging the optical antenna theory and the recently developed concept of metamaterials, we demonstrate a subwavelength, highly efficient plasmonic source for directional generation of SPPs. The designed device consists of two nanomagnetic resonators with detuned resonant frequencies. At the operating wavelength, incident photons can be efficiently channeled into SPP waves modulated by the electric field polarization. By tailoring the relative phase at resonance and the separation between the two nanoresonators, SPPs can be steered to predominantly propagate along one specific direct...
Clinical characteristics of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia and isolated trisomy 11: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study.

Isolated trisomy 11 is the third most common sole trisomy in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However. only 49 cases have been published, and for only a fraction of these cases has full description of clinical and haematological features been provided. As a result, little is known about the clinical characteristics of de novo AML patients with solitary trisomy 11. We have identified 13 patients (0.9%) with isolated trisomy 11 among a total of 1496 consecutive adult patients successfully karyotyped as part of a prospective Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) cytogenetic study (CALGB 8461). Nine patients (69%) were over the age of 60 (range 29-73 years). Eight patients (62%) were diagnosed with AML of FAB M2 subtype, three patients (23%) had FAB M1 AML and one patient each had AML of FAB MO and M7, respectively. Seven patients (54%) had high, > 100 x 10 9 /l, platelet counts (median 102 x 10 9 /l: range 17-207 x 10 9 /l). All patients received CALGB induction therapy with standard doses of cytarabine and daunorubicin. Six patients (46%) achieved a complete remission (CR). The median CR duration was 17.5 months (range 8.7-49.8). Only one patient, who underwent bone marrow transplantation in first CR, continues in initial CR. The median survival was 14.3 months (range 0.5-50.7): only one patient survives. We conclude that de novo AML with isolated trisomy 11 is predominantly associated with older age, M2 and M1 FAB subtypes, high platelet count and few long-term disease-free survivals, although it is currently unknown whether isolated trisomy 11 constitutes an independent prognostic factor.
Genetic variation in white bass.

Abstract A protein electrophoretic survey of white bass Morone chrysops was conducted to evaluate the extent and pattern of extant genetic variation and population structuring. Forty-four presumptive structural loci were surveyed from eye, liver, and skeletal muscle tissue from 456 white bass in 19 samples. The level of allelic variation observed within white bass populations was low relative to many other species of fish, but it was consistent with levels of variation observed in the congeneric striped bass M. saxatilis and may represent a feature common to all species in the genus. Significant interpopulation genetic heterogeneity was observed; however, the overall level of differentiation among populations was quite low. Widespread stocking of white bass since 1900 and rapid range expansion could, in part, explain the absence of population structuring that is consistent with geographic proximity or drainage. The high frequencies of an mIDHP* allele in Lake Erie collections that was absent in those from...
An iterative solver for p-version finite elements in three dimensions

Abstract A new iterative method for systems arising from p-version finite elements is presented and computational experience reported for conforming, solid, serendipity elements of order up to p = 8 and real-world structures with 5000 elements and over 1 million degrees of freedom. The method uses a domain decomposition technique with each element taken to be a subdomain, and a coarse space consisting of p = 1 elements. To overcome the I/O bottleneck, only access to a fast matrix—vector multiplication instead of stiffness data is needed during iterations. In terms of wall-clock time, the method outperforms on IBM RS/6000 an earlier method running on CRAY-XMP.
Experimental facial edema: Treatment with methyl prednisolone

Abstract Because the face is an area rich in blood, swelling after technical manipulation in that area often becomes a serious problem. To determine the effectiveness of methyl-prednisolone therapy in controlling this often disabling problem, and experimental animal model was developed which would produce experimental facial edema in the piglet. This new, uncomplicated technique involves dissecting and raising the forehead flap, freeing the flap in the periorbital and supraorbital regions, and closing the wound in a single layer. At the termination of the procedure, randomly selected animals received 1 g of methylprednisolone intravenously and a control group was not treated. Visual observations by two qualified experts and photographic records were made 24, 48, and 72 hr postoperatively, and demonstrated that facial edema developed in 90% of the control group and in only 40% of the methylprednisolone-treated animals. When edema did occur in treated pigs, it was mild and of shorter duration in comparison with the controls. Our results suggest that 1 g of intravenous methylprednisolone, administered immediately following facial surgery, can decrease the incidence and degree of postoperative edema in patients without the complication of infection.
Antennal olfactory sensilla of the face fly, Musca autumnalis Degreer (Diptera : Muscidae)

Abstract We used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the olfactory sensilla of the basal flagellar subsegment, or funiculus, of the face fly, Musca autumnahs. Olfactory sensilla on the surface consist of thick-walled sensilla trichodea and 2 types of thin-walled sensilla basiconica; all have a typical pore-tubule system. In addition, the funicular surface has grooved, or fluted, sensilla. Olfactory pits on the ventral surface have numerous thin-walled sensilla basiconica morphologically similar to those on the surface. Female face flies have 2 ventral pits while males have only one. The dorsolateral surface of the funiculus of both sexes also has a single pit, which contains several grooved sensilla and a previously undescribed sensillum with a filamentous tip whose method of communicating with the exterior we could not determine.
Enantiomeric synthesis of D- and L-cyclopentenyl nucleosides and their antiviral activity against HIV and West Nile virus

Enantiomeric synthesis of d- and l-cyclopentenyl nucleosides and their antiviral activity against HIV and West Nile virus are described. The key intermediate (−)- and (+)-cyclopentenyl alcohols (7 and 15) were prepared from d-γ-ribonolactone and d-ribose, respectively. Coupling of 7 with appropriately blocked purine and pyrimidine bases via the Mitsunobu reaction followed by deprotection afforded the target l-(+)-cyclopentenyl nucleosides (24-28, 31, 33, and 36). d-(−)-Cyclopentenyl nucleosides (1, 40, 43, and 52−56) were also prepared by a similar procedure for l-isomers from 15. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activity against two RNA viruses: HIV and West Nile virus. Among the synthesized d-(−)-nucleosides, adenine (1, neplanocin A), cytosine (55, CPE-C), and 5-fluorocytosine (56) analogues exhibited moderate to potent anti-HIV activity (EC50 0.1, 0.06, and 5.34 μM, respectively) with significant cytotoxicity in PBM, Vero, and CEM cells. Also, cytosine (55) and 5-fluorocyt...
Some activation characteristics of the prethrombin subunit of prothrombin.

Abstract Prethrombin, autoprothrombin III and an inhibitor were separated from purified prothrombin by degradation with thrombin and subsequent chromatography. Prethrombin was refractory to activation with tissue thromboplastin, purified Ac-globulin and calcium ions. Prethrombin activated in physiological saline solutions with only trypsin or purified autoprothrombin C. In 25% sodium citrate solution activation was very slow. This was, however, accelerated with either autoprothrombin C or autoprothrombin III, but not with purified thrombin. The specific activity and amino acid composition of prethrombin preparations was found to be about the same as that of purified thrombin. The autoprothrombin III fraction yielded autoprothrombin C with trypsin, Russell's viper venom, and with tissue extracts plus calcium ions, but not in 25% sodium citrate solution.
Does raising the GCT threshold impact outcome in Asian gravidas

NIKKI KOKLANARIS (F), CLARISSA BONANNO, DAVID SEUBERT, YUZURU ANZAI, RICHARD JENNINGS, MEN-JEAN LEE, New York University, Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, New York, New York University, Midwifery, New York, New York OBJECTIVE: Despite a higher incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Asians, it has been suggested that the 50 gram glucose challenge test (GCT) threshold should be 150 mg/dL in this population. However, the impact such a policy would have on outcomes has not been evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of East Asian gravidas (n=95) with a GCT of 140-150 mg/dL who underwent a 3-hour, 100 gm glucose tolerance test (GTT). A positive GTT was defined by Carpenter and Coustan parameters. Controls (n=190) had a GCT of !140 mg/dL and were matched for race, age, parity, and body mass index. The primary outcome evaluated was birthweight (BW). Study subjects and controls were compared using a t-Test, with a p!0.05 considered significant. Secondary outcomes were cesarean delivery (CD), CD for arrest, shoulder dystocia, and macrosomia, which were compared using chi-square analysis, with a p!0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: 1705 charts were reviewed, with 95 cases having a GCT in the 140-150 mg/dL range. 8 of the 95 subjects (11.9%) were diagnosed with dietcontrolled GDM; there were no cases of insulin-requiring GDM. Mean BW was 3282 gms in the subjects and 3238 gms in the controls, a 44 gm difference that was not statistically significant (p=0.39). There was a 96.7% power to detect a 200 gm difference in BW. There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes. In the study subjects and controls respectively, overall CD rates were 8.42% and 7.89% (p=0.88); CD rates for arrest were 2.10% and 3.69% (p=0.72); the rates of shoulder dystocia were 0% and 1.05% (p=0.80); the rates of macrosomia were 7.37% and 4.74% (p=0.52). CONCLUSION: Compared with matched controls, subjects with a GCT of 140-150 mg/dL did not deliver infants with significantly higher BWs. Raising the GCT threshold to 150 mg/dL may be appropriate in Asian gravidas.
Point-light facial displays enhance comprehension of speech in noise.

Seeing a talker's face can improve the perception of speech in noise. There is little known about which characteristics of the face are useful for enhancing the degraded signal. In this study, a po...
Sickle‐cell haemoglobin polymerization: is it the primary pathogenic event of sickle‐cell anaemia?

Sickle cell anaemia is associated with a mutant haemoglobin, HbS, which forms polymers in the red blood cells of patients. The primary role of the HbS polymerization for the pathophysiology has been questioned: observations in patients and model organisms contradict deterministic scenarios of sickling crises triggered by polymerization. However, results with knock-out sickle-cell mice, which were cured by delaying HbS polymerization, reconfirm polymerization's primary role. To reconcile the contradictory observations, this article reviews recent findings on two steps in polymerization: homogeneous nucleation of fibres, and their growth. The fibre growth is faster by far than for any other protein ordered structure. This is due to a negligible free-energy barrier for incorporation into a fibre, determined by an entropy gain, stemming from the release of water molecules structured around HbS. The kinetics of fibre nucleation have shown that the formation of the polymer nucleus is preceded by a metastable droplet of a dense liquid. The properties of the dense liquid are sensitive functions of solution composition, including components in micro- and nanomolar amounts. This mechanism allows low-concentration solution components to strongly affect the nucleation kinetics, accounting for the high variability of the disease. These insights can potentially be utilized for control of HbS polymerization and treatment of the disease.
Computing steady-state solutions for a free boundary problem modeling tumor growth by Stokes equation

We consider a free boundary problem modeling tumor growth where the model equations include a diffusion equation for the nutrient concentration and the Stokes equation for the proliferation of tumor cells. For any positive radius R, it is known that there exists a unique radially symmetric stationary solution. The proliferation rate @m and the cell-to-cell adhesiveness @c are two parameters for characterizing ''aggressiveness'' of the tumor. We compute symmetry-breaking bifurcation branches of solutions by studying a polynomial discretization of the system. By tracking the discretized system, we numerically verified a sequence of @m/@c symmetry breaking bifurcation branches. Furthermore, we study the stability of both radially symmetric and radially asymmetric stationary solutions.
Methodologies for using UW databases for OCR and image-understanding systems

This paper discusses methodologies for automatically selecting document pages and zones form the UW databases, having the desired page/zone attributes. The selected pages can then be randomly partitioned into subsets for training and testing purposes. This paper also discusses three degradation methodologies that allow the developers of OCR and document recognition systems to create unlimited 'real- life' degraded images - with geometric distortions, coffee stains and water marks. Since the degraded images are created from the images in the UW databases, the nearly perfect original groundtruth files in the UW databases can be reused. The process of creating the additional document images, the associated groundtruth and attribute files require only a fraction of the original cost and time.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The solubility of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in aqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium 1-heptanesulfonate, and sodium perfluorooctanoate

Abstract Measurements have been made to determine the solubilities of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in aqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium 1-heptanesulfonate (SHSo), and sodium perfluorooctanoate (SPFO) at elevated pressures. The solubilities of each gas, measured at 26°C for solutions of CTAB and at 25°C for the other surfactants, follow Henry's law at all surfactant concentrations. Two distinctly different types of behavior are exhibited by SHSo. At concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the addition of SHSo acts to suppress the solubility of CO 2 , while at higher concentrations, the opposite behavior is observed in that addition of SHSo results in an increase in CO 2 solubility. The CMC values for the other surfactants are all much lower than that for SHSo. As a result, the solubility data for N 2 O and CO 2 in these surfactants are all taken at concentrations in excess of the CMC and in every case, the addition of surfactant is found to enhance gas solubility. The increase in gas solubility observed above the CMC for each of the four surfactants is found to be a linear function of surfactant concentration as expected for micellar solubilization. The intramicellar solubilities of CO 2 and N 2 O calculated from these latter data do not correlate well with solubilities of other nonpolar gases but rather are displaced toward higher concentrations, thus suggesting that the hydrophilic character of these two gases leads to enhanced solubilization.
Selective dopaminergic mechanism of dopamine and SKF38393 stimulation of inositol phosphate formation in rat brain.

Abstract We have previously reported that dopamine and the D1 receptor-selective agonist, SKF38393, stimulate the formation of inositol phosphates in rat brain slices (Undie and Friedman, 1990, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 253, 987). The present experiments were conducted to determine if actions at α-adrenoceptors or at serotonergic sites may contribute to, or interact with, the observed stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis by dopamine receptor agonists. Rat striatal slices prelabeled with [3H]inositol were treated with up to 500 μM dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin (5-HT), or the dopamine D1 receptor agonist, SKF38393, and accumulated inositol phosphates determined. The action of norepinephrine was dose-dependently blocked by the selective α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin, but not by SCH23390. The actions of dopamine and SKF38393 were dose-dependently blocked by the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, but not by prazosin. The effects of 5-HT were blocked by the nonselective 5-HT antagonist, methiotepin, the selective 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin, the mixed 5-HT2/5-HT1C antagonist, mianserin, and, with much less potency, by the selective 5-HT1C antagonist, mesulergine. On the contrary, the serotonin receptor antagonists did not block the response to SKF38393, and there was no dose-dependent blockade of the 5-HT response by SCH23390. These observations indicate that the actions of dopamine and SKF38393 in stimulating inositol phosphate formation are selectively mediated through a D1-like dopamine receptor.
Current experiments in polymeric mandibular implants for bone induction.

Summary A technique for fabricating a urethane composite tray to hold particulate bone graft material for utilisation of the bone induction principle in mandibular reconstruction has been described. Eight mongrel dogs had discontinuity defects created in unilaterally edentulous mandibles. The defect was bridged by the composite tray and filled with particulate bone chips prepared from an iliac crest bone graft. New bone formation was progressive and the form assumed was that imposed by the limits of the implant tray, which suggests a use in the reconstruction of other bony contour defects where aesthetic considerations are of paramount importance.
Flow cytometric analysis of kappa and lambda light chain expression in evaluation of specimens for B-cell neoplasia

Analysis of light chain expression is one of the most important determinations in flow cytometric immunophenotyping of patient specimens. Numerous technical factors, such as antibody choice and cytophilic antibody artifact, impact a laboratory's ability to perform this test. There have been conflicting reports concerning the efficacy of polyclonal versus monoclonal antibodies, as well as methods of circumventing cytophilic antibodies, indicating that a consensus has not been reached on optimal methods for light chain determination. The authors have investigated methods for light chain analysis in 104 normal donors and 366 patient specimens, comparing different anti-light chain antibodies as well as strategies for analysis of specimens with low numbers of monoclonal B cells, admixed polyclonal B cells, or cytophilic antibodies. The patient specimens were either part of the initial diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected lymphoma, or were performed for staging or assessment of treatment of patients with known B-cell neoplasia. No monoclonality was detected in control specimens, and there was no significant difference in staining with monoclonal verses polyclonal anti-light chain antibodies. In addition, cytophilic antibody did not obscure results in normal controls. Monoclonality was detected in 106 patient specimens, with 89 showing gross involvement with a predominant monoclonal B-cell process. However, in 43% of the grossly monoclonal specimens, there was failure to detect monoclonality with at least one light chain antibody set, with 8% of these cases showing failure with two anti-light chain sets. This indicates the importance of antibody choice in light chain analysis. Cytophilic antibody artifact in monoclonal specimens was easily overcome by appropriate antibody combinations, obviating the need for cytophilic antibody-shedding by incubation at 37 degrees C in fetal calf serum. In 27 patient specimens with low numbers of B cells or admixed polyclonal B cells, a clonal search based on FSC and CD19 or CD20 expression was performed. In 17 of the 27 cases (63%), a small monoclonal population was detected among admixed polyclonal B cells. The authors conclude that multiple strategies are necessary in flow cytometric analysis for B-cell monoclonality.
Evidence for Tetrahedral Zinc in Amorphous In2–2xZnxSnxO3 (a‐ZITO)

The structure of amorphous In2–2xZnxSnxO3 (a-ZITO, x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) was investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the total scattering pair-distribution function (PDF) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), which revealed a well-defined short-range structure that differed from the crystalline bixbyite and corundum ZITO polymorphs. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) were used to detect InO6 and SnO6 octahedra and ZnO4 tetrahedra in a-ZITO, which differ from the InO6, SnO6 and ZnO6 pseudo-octahedra that are observed in the bixbyite and corundum ZITO polymorphs. The formation of the ZnO4 tetrahedron likely inhibits the crystallization of ZITO when synthesized under mild conditions. in situ XRD showed a gradual transition from a-ZITO to a mixture of the bixbyite and corundum ZITO polymorphs as the temperature was raised from 300 °C to 568 °C.
STABILIZATION OF THE TWO-STREAM INSTABILITY IN THE EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET.

Stabilization of the two-stream instability in a weakly ionized plasma (equatorial electrojet) is studied using fluid equations. It is shown that a macroscopic quasilinear process acts to reduce the electron flow to a threshold level (ion sound speed), thereby stabilizing the instability. This result gives an explanation of constant Doppler shifts of radar echoes in the electrojet. It is further shown that the saturation level of the fluctuations agrees with that of observations.
GH Binding to Liver in Young and Old Female Rats: Relation to Somatomedin-C Secretion

Age-related changes in binding of /sup 125/I-bovine GH to liver membrane fractions were measured in female Long-Evans rats 2, 6, 12, and 20 months of age. Specific GH binding did not change between 2 and 6 months of age but increased significantly at 12 and 20 months of age. Scatchard analyses showed that the plots were curvilinear and consisted of high- and low-affinity binding sites. The age-related increases in binding sites were mainly due to an increase in number of low-affinity binding sites. Serum somatomedim-C (SM-C) levels in 20-month-old rats were about half those in the 6-month-old rats. Twice daily injections of ovine GH (2 mg/kg body wt) for 7 days depressed liver GH binding and increased serum SM-C levels in 19-month-old female rats, but had no effect on GH binding in 2-month-old female rats. These results suggest that the increase in liver GH binding sites and the decrease in SM-C secretion are associated with our previously reported decrease in GH secretion in old female rats.
Comparison of two-surface and multiple-surface scoring methodologies for in vitro microleakage studies

Investigators differ on the use of a two-surface or multiple-surface scoring methodology in sectional microleakage studies. This study compared microleakage scores using both two-surface and multiple-surface scoring methods for two preparation types and two different dentin bonding agents. Twenty freshly extracted molars each received one box-shaped and one V-shaped restoration on the mesial or distal surface. Each restoration was cut occlusogingivally into four sections, yielding eight surfaces for scoring. Surfaces were marked to identify central (I), lateral (II), and end (III) locations, then scored by two calibrated raters. The Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Rank Test showed a statistically significant difference (p less than or equal to 0.05) in median microleakage scores obtained by an end two- surface and multiple-surface evaluation for V-shaped preparations restored with Scotchbond 2, P-50. No other statistically significant comparisons were detected. Results suggest that microleakage may be more extreme at end surfaces and that these end surfaces should be scored so that an accurate microleakage value could be assigned to composite restorations.
Toward relaxing assumptions in languages and their implementations

Language implementors frequently make pre-emptive decisions concerning the exact implementations of language features. These decisions constrain programmers' control over their computations and may tempt them to write involuted code to obtain special (or efficient) effects. In many cases, we can distinguish some properties of a language facility that are essential to the semantics and other properties that are incidental. Recent abstraction techniques emphasize dealing with such distinctions by separating the properties that are necessary to preserve the semantics from the details for which some decision must be made but many choices are adequate. We suggest here that these abstraction techniques can be applied to the problem of pre-emptive language decisions by specifying the essential properties of languages facilities in a skeleton based language and defining interfaces that will accept a variety of implementations that differ in other details.
Raman spectra of gases. XVII: Two-quantum torsional transitions in some methyl-substituted small ring compounds†

Methyl torsional overtones (Δv = 2) have been observed for methylcyclopropane, propylene oxide, propylene sulfide, cis-propylene imine, trans-propylene imine, methylcyclobutane, and methylcyclopentane in the Raman effect. From the observed shifts, barriers to internal rotation have been calculated in the vapor state to be 2.95, 2.58, 3,26, 2.97, 2.51, ≥ 2.47, and 2.61–3.03 kcal mole−1, respectively. For this set of compounds the torsional overtones are difficult to identify because they fall very close to the methyl bending modes. Also, for the four- and five-membered rings, interference was found from the low frequency ring motions. In general, the torsional overtones were not nearly as intense as those previously observed for the halogen substituted et hanes.
Adaptive WEighting of Signals via One Matrix Entity (AWESOME)

We present the Adaptive WEighting of Signals via One Matrix Entity (AWESOME) algorithm for adaptive array beampattern synthesis. The array geometry can be arbitrary. Compared to the conventional approaches of using data-adaptive weight vectors at the array output for beampattern synthesis, which we refer to as the Vector Weighting Approaches (VWA), weight matrices are used at the array output by AWESOME for much improved flexibility for adaptive array beampattern synthesis. Globally optimal solutions can be determined efficiently for AWESOME due to the convex optimization formulations. AWESOME can be considered as the Semidefinite Relaxation (SDR) of the VWA counterpart. Numerical examples are presented to show that AWESOME allows for strict controls of main-beam shape and peak sidelobe level while retaining the capability of adaptive nulling of strong interferences and jammers.
Muslim societies in West Africa: historical and contemporary perspectives in digital form

Over the past decade, Matrix, the Center for Digital Humanities and Social Sciences at Michigan State University, has developed digital galleries blending text, sound, and image to portray the history of islamization and the practice of Islam in West Africa with support from NSF, TICFIA, and the NEH. The featured areas have been Ghana (as a Muslim minority country), and Senegal (as a Muslim majority area), as well as Gambia and Mauritania. The emphasis has been on the diversity, tolerance, and pluralism of Islamic practice in historical and contemporary terms, on female and male practitioners, and on laypeople as well as clergy. We have used European archives, Arabic and ajami documents, interviews, and a range of other sources to tell stories and show practices. The portal for this material is www.aodl.org. This article outlines some of the galleries that we have built; others will be added over the next two years. The authors of the galleries are faculty at Indiana University, Michigan State, Harvard, Boston University, and James Madison University. The designer of the galleries has been Catherine Foley, Director of Digital Library and Archive Projects at MATRIX, and the author of “Developing Materials for a Digital Library Gallery” in this issue of Islamic Africa.
Extension of the WKB Equation

The WKB form suitable for the classical region of potential energy less than the total energy, $\ensuremath{\psi}(x)={(\frac{\mathrm{dz}}{\mathrm{dx}})}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}sinz$, is used to obtain a function $z(x)$ that reproduces the time-independent Schr\"odinger equation solutions $\ensuremath{\psi}(x)$, to any desired degree of accuracy through the turning point and into the nonclassical region.
Ductile‐Regime Machining of Germanium and Silicon

Precision machining of germanium and silicon was studied using single-point diamond turning. Special attention was directed to the so-called ductile regime wherein optical quality surface finishes can be machined directly on brittle materials. A novel interrupted-cutting test and a new model of the machining process were used to measure a critical-depth parameter experimentally. This parameter governs the transition from plastic flow to fracture along the tool nose. The critical-depth parameter can be used to provide physical insight into the effect of various machining parameters such as tool rake angle or tool clearnace angle. Because of a complex interplay between tool geometry, machining parameters, and material response, a large fraction of material removal occurs by fracture even when ductile-regime conditions are achieved.
Urban Politics and Mental Health: An Agenda for Health Geographic Research

Siting of mental health service facilities has often been subject to public opposition and political struggles. These processes have produced a landscape of mental health provision that is powerful...
Photoelectron imaging of cytoskeletal elements.

Abstract The established electron microscope techniques have richly contributed to the current understanding of cytoskeletal structure. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the kinds of images of cytoskeletal structures obtained by photoelectron microscopy (PEM or photoelectron imaging), which has only recently been applied in cell biology. Photoelectron imaging utilizes the fact that specimens exposed to UV light emit electrons (the photoelectric effect). These electrons are accelerated and focused to provide a detailed image of the exposed biological surface. There are several interdependent factors involved in imaging the cytoskeletons of cells grown in culture. Since PEM is a surface technique a major consideration is exposure of the structure of interest. A second consideration is the preservation of the three-dimensional integrity of the structures during the specimen preparation, and a third is preservation of antigenicity so that specific structures can be directly identified by antibody labeling methods. The photoelectron images of Triton-extracted cells reveal a detailed filamentous network of cytoskeletal elements. Prefixation of cells with a crosslinking agent (DTSP) prior to Triton extraction has little or no effect on the final image, whereas brief prefixation with 0.025% glutaraldehyde preserves more of the surface lamina and cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria. A comparison of immunofluorescence and photoelectron micrographs of the same cells shows a large correspondence in the fibers observed, and demostrates the higher resolution. Direct identification of specific cytoskeletal elements in the photoelectron micrographs is illustrated using microtubule distributions in CV-1 cells by antibody decoration or, more generally, by the use of photoemissive gold markers on antibodies directed against microtubules.
High throughput evaluation of perovskite-based anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells

Liquid feed direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are promising candidates for portable power applications. However, owing to the problems associated with expensive Pt-based catalysts, viz., CO poisoning, a promising approach is to use complex oxides of the type ABO3 (A = Sr, Ce, La, etc. and B = Co, Fe, Ni, Pt, Ru, etc.). In the current work, a variety of ABO3 and A2BO4 type non-noble and partially substituted noble metal high surface area compounds were synthesized by an effective and rapid aqueous combustion synthesis (CS). Their catalytic activity was evaluated by using “High Throughput Screening Unit”—NuVant System, which compares up to 25 compositions simultaneously under DMFC conditions. It was found that the Sr-based perovskites showed performance comparable with the standard Pt–Ru catalyst. Further, it was observed that the method of doping SrRuO3 with Pt influenced the activity. Specifically, platinum added during aqueous CS yielded better catalyst than when added externally at the ink preparation stage. Finally, it was also demonstrated that the presence of SrRuO3 significantly enhanced the catalytic properties of Pt, leading to superior performance even at lower noble metal loadings. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The cold pressor test and autonomic function: a review and integration.

The purpose of the present paper is to review the literature on the cold pressor test and to discuss the ways in which these investigations have pointed toward a model of homeostatic function. The research employing the cold pressor test includes studies of psychosomatic illness, factors influencing autonomic response in stress, the relationship between psychological disorder and autonomic responsivity, as well as studies of cortical influences on autonomic function, and the relationship between stress and task performance. From these studies, several parameters of a potential model of homoeostasis are selected and discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of autonomic balance and initial values in influencing autonomic response to stress.
Oestrus in a secretive species: endogenous estradiol varies throughout the shed cycle and influences attractiveness in wild northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon)

Oestrogen (e.g., 17β-estradiol, E2) stimulates vitellogenesis, female sexual behaviour, and induces sex pheromone production throughout vertebrates. Therefore, the quantification of its role in any one these may prove challenging; particularly in taxa such as snakes where mating coincides with vitellogenesis. Studies examining steroid hormones in snakes are further confounded by the typical sampling interval (monthly) which is likely insufficient to observe the brief hormone fluctuations associated with an oestrus period. Thus, the relationship between oestrus and endogenous sex steroids in snakes remains equivocal. We sampled plasma E2 of 12 radio-equipped free-ranging adult female northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) twice weekly during the 2008–2009 mating periods. Reproductive females experienced a large E2 surge coincident with shedding, movement, and male accompaniment indicating that endogenous E2 is involved in oestrus, a phenomenon that has previously not been documented in snakes.
Chronic toxicity studies on two epoxidized soybean oils in the rat and dog.

Abstract Two epoxidized soybean oils, Paraplex G-60 and Paraplex G-62, were added to the diets of rats for a two-year period and of dogs for one year in concentrations up to 5%. No effects were observed on survival or on the blood picture and histologic examination of tissues revealed no lesions attributable to treatment. Early depression in growth was observed in rats from both materials (Paraplex G-62 being the most potent), but this effect disappeared on continued feeding. Dogs receiving the 5% concentrations lost weight, an effect which persisted throughout the feeding period. Elevated liver to body weight ratios resulted at the 5% concentration in male rats receiving Paraplex G-60 and at lower concentrations in both male and female rats receiving Paraplex G-62; kidney to body weight ratios were also elevated with the latter material in female rats.
Performance on a lever-release, conditioned avoidance response task involves both dopamine D1 and D2 receptors.

SCH-23390 (0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg s.c.), a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, or eticlopride (0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg s.c.), a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, dose-dependently impaired performance on a lever-release conditioned avoidance response (CAR) task by decreasing percent avoidance responses and increasing avoidance latency. When combined, these drugs impaired CAR performance in an additive fashion. Lever-release CAR performance, therefore, requires activation of both dopamine D1 and D2 receptors.
A NEWLY DEFINED X-LINKED TRAIT IN MAN WITH DEMONSTRATION OF THE LYON EFFECT IN CARRIER FEMALES

Abstract Fatal granulomatous disease of childhood, which has been defined as a clinical entity for ten years, can now be further defined in terms of the functional, metabolic, and histochemical capacities of the isolated leucocytes of the affected male children. We find that the disease is genetically determined, being transmitted in a sex-linked manner, and that a combined phagocytosis/histochemical procedure demonstrates two populations of cells in the isolated leucocytes of the carrier females.
MUST-READ: Multichannel sample-by-sample turbo resampling equalization and decoding

When an underwater acoustic modem is installed on a mobile platform such as an underwater vehicle, a buoy, or a surface vessel, Doppler effects distort the acoustic signal significantly. The acoustic path between a surface vessel and an underwater vehicle, for example, can experience Mach numbers of one percent and more which can be catastrophic if not compensated dynamically. In this paper, we derive a sample-by-sample, recursive resampling technique, in which time-varying Doppler is explicitly modeled, tracked and compensated. Integrated into an iterative turbo equalization based receiver, this novel Doppler compensation technique achieves unprecedented communication performance in field tests and simulations. Our field data stems from the MACE10 experiment conducted in the shallow waters 100 km south of Martha's Vineyard, MA. Under challenging conditions (harsh multi-path, ranges up to 7.2 km, SNRs down to 2 dB and relative speeds up to 3 knots) our receiver achieved a raw data rate of over 39 kbits/s and a perfectly reliable net data rate of over 23 kbits/s (taking into account the overhead from equalizer training and channel coding) in less than 10 kHz of bandwidth. To illustrate the robustness of this approach to high rates of Doppler, a variety of simulations are also provided. We demonstrate that the performance of our algorithm does not depend on the absolute level of Doppler, but only on the rate of its variation.
Predictive Relationships between Web and Human Resource Use and Middle School Students' Interest in Science Careers: An Exploratory Analysis.

This study investigated relationships among the use of web and human resource during science class and science career interest. Results suggested that levels of science career interest could be predicted based on classroom use of web and human resources. Regular use of human resources was predictive of science career interests for boys and girls. Use of web resources was only predictive of girl’s interests, on average, 7 points higher on a 36-point scale than girls who did not use web resources. Girls who used both resources scored 16 points higher than girls who used neither. Two other predictor variables found included (1) teachers who lacked science background and used web resources regularly and (2) level of student-centered instructional strategies used in the classroom. Further research is suggested.
Application of Lattice Plasmon Waves in a Bilayer Plasmonic Nanoantenna Array for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

We present a novel bilayer plasmonic nanoantenna array, utilizing lattice plasmon waves to increase the sensitivity in SERS process. Using this nanostructure, we performed SERS measurements of proteins in a very low concentration.
Structural and functional diversity in 4-α-helical proteins

Protein crystallographic studies show that many structural arrangements appear as common features among proteins which are otherwise unrelated in sequence or function. One of the more recently recognized recurring protein structural motifs is a nearly parallel arrangement of four α-helices to form a sequentially connected left-twisted bundle1. We describe here the geometrical properties of these structures and suggest how they relate to the functional and aggregate properties of these molecules.
Influence of dietary protein levels on survival of rats following kidney irradiation

Concern about radiation induced nephropathy results in a dose limiting constraint in some applications of radiation therapy. An understanding of the etiology of radiation therapy. An understanding of the etiology of radiation nephropathy is essential if attempts to alter the time course or extent of the pathology are to be successful. In an attempt to gain a better understanding of this disease process, and to see if it could be altered by dietary manipulation, young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally nephrectomized, after which the remaining kidney was exteriorized and exposed to 14 Gy of X rays. Non-irradiated control animals had their remaining kidney exteriorized for a comparable length of time. Five days after irradiation, the animals were switched from standard lab rations to isocaloric diets of differing protein content. Diets used included 4%, 20% and 50% protein and the 4% and 20% diets given in combination with 0.9% NaCl drinking water. For all the diet groups, irradiated animals had median survival times shorter than their corresponding non-irradiated controls. Within the irradiated groups, the ranking of the median survival times was: 4% + 0.9% NaCl greater than 4% greater than 20% + 0.9% NaCl = 20% greater than 50%. The differences in survival among the irradiated groups were significant at the 0.01 level. These data indicate that kidney response to irradiation can be altered by manipulation of dietary protein levels. Such information may have clinical application.
Three-fold interpenetrating three-dimensional networks based on C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene incorporating benzophenone guest molecules

A new solid based on C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene and the linker molecule bis(4-pyridylmethylidyne)hydrazine (bpmh) has been prepared, in which brick-wall sheets are linked in the third dimension to give networks with three intersecting perpendicular channels; the networks interpenetrate three-fold, but nevertheless leave cavities capable of including sizable guest molecules.
A Note on Warszawski's Multi-Commodity Location Problem

This note shows two easily incorporated improvements in computing the lower bounds for Warszawski's branch and bound algorithm for the multi-commodity location problem. The lower bounds become relatively stronger, thereby making the branch and bound algorithm more efficient.
Anomalous Schmidt reaction products of phenylacetic acid and derivatives

Treatment of carboxylic acids with sodium azide in sulfuric acid normally results in decarboxylation with conversion of the carboxylic acid to an amine (the Schmidt reaction). However, many side reactions have been reported to occur, particularly in the case of α-aryl carboxylic acids, such as sulfonation, direct amination of the phenyl ring, cyclization to a lactam, and elimination of side chains to give aniline. In this study, the reactions of a variety of analogues of phenylacetic acid under given reaction conditions are examined to determine which characteristics are important in the competing side reactions. Some reactions were carried out with TEMPO free radical as a radical scavenger to investigate whether direct amination proceeds by a radical intermediate. Phenylacetic acid is shown to give an ortho-aminated diamine product instead of the para-aminated one expected from direct amination. A mechanism for this side reaction, involving cyclization to a lactam intermediate followed by further cleavage, is proposed; an analogue of the hypothetical intermediate has been isolated for biphenylacetic acids.
Wilderness In America

uring recent months my reflections on wilderness have been worked and reworked through participation in hearings concerning the disposition of areas and rivers in the Northwest which might still be conceived wild. Attending to the testimony of hundreds, and attempting to formulate my own, I have strained to discern both the actual significance wilderness may hold for us in manifold ways and, more deeply, to ponder anew the potential significance it might yet hold within the shaping of our destiny as a people. These hearings themselves have brought out a wracking incongruity of relatively recent origin: When Thoreau wrote "that in Wildness is the preservation of the World," he surely was not thinking of Wildness as being yarded and bounded in specified preserves. Yet more and more, of course, we have been forced to conceive wilderness lands under the rubric of conservation. The deliberateness of Thoreau's Westward Walking was not that of an excursion into an area set aside to remain in its natural state. The "West" he signified did not remain by man's decree, subject to regulations aimed at preserving it from human onslaught, or to quotas of scheduled access. "The unexplored forests and meadows" but for which he thought "our village life would stagnate" still sufficiently abounded matter-of-factly to obviate their holding tenure under the aegis of planning and deliberate disposition. Thus the re-creative tonic of wildness was not about to be bottled and labeled as a recreational resource. And matter-of-factness in the style of human venturing amidst wild places was not yet massively invaded by self-conscious searching for "the wilderness experience," even though eulogies of natural beauty and sublimity were popular among the cultivated. Most widely, in Thoreau's time, the appeal was to venturesomeness, to setting out anew, to a break with conventions in which life might have been constrained if not falsified, to exploration and discovery rich in promise of new beginnings and firmer foundations, to a testing of mettle in which a man might find himself and inherit a dignity proper to him. Wilderness offered invitation and opportunity for active undertaking on which the person might thrive and even communities might be founded. Its call was that of a rallying of men to enterprise, to work that might
Structure and decay correlations of two-neutron systems beyond the dripline

The two-neutron unbound systems of 16Be, 13Li, 10He, and 26O have been measured using the Modular Neutron Array (MoNA) and 4 Tm Sweeper magnet setup. The correlations of the 3-body decay for the 6Be and 3Li were extracted and demonstrated a strong correlated enhancement between the two neutrons. The measurement of the 10He ground state resonance from a 14Be(-2p2n) reaction provided insight into previous predictions that wavefunction of the entrance channel, projectile, can influence the observed decay energy spectrum for the unbound system. Lastly, the decay-in-target (DiT) technique was utilized to extract the lifetime of the 26O ground state. The measured lifetime of 4.5+1.1−1.5(stat.)±3(sys.) ps provides the first indication of two-neutron radioactivity.