cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Spinal Decompression: A Retrospective Review of Pain Outcomes at an Academic Medical Center.

INTRODUCTION Spinal stenosis is a chronic, debilitating condition that is expected to affect an increasing number of people as the population ages. Symptomatic spinal stenosis, like other spine pathologies, including disc herniation and degenerative disc disease, traditionally required an open decompressive surgical approach if more conservative approaches failed. An emerging alternative has been developed to address the needs of this population of patients in the form of endoscopic spine surgery (ESS). Advantages of ESS include minimal tissue trauma, decreased risk of damage to the neurovascular structures, minimal epidural fibrosis/scarring, reduced hospital stay, early functional recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of patients undergoing transforaminal endoscopic spinal decompression at an academic pain program. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of electronic medical records with approval from the University of Florida Institutional Review Board (IRB #202001529). Twenty patients underwent successful transforaminal endoscopic lumbar spinal decompression surgery at UF Health Pain Medicine from July 1, 2019, to June 1, 2020. The majority of cases were performed at L4-5 (n = 14), followed by an equal number (n = 3) of cases at L3-4 and L5-S1. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores from patients' pain clinic appointments were obtained from the electronic health records system to assess the intervention as a pain relief strategy. RESULTS Patients had an average pain reduction of 82% (SD = 31%), resulting in an average postoperative pain score of 1.8 (SD = 2.8) on a 10-point VAS. CONCLUSION This study highlights the benefits of endoscopic spine surgery for patients, including pain reduction and reduced scarring.
A lead-free, low-temperature sintering die-attach technique for high-performance and high-temperature packaging

For semiconductor devices to function in products, they need packaging to provide interconnection and protection. Die-attach materials, which join the devices to the rest of the system, play a vital role in ensuring the system performance and reliability. Today, lead-tin and lead-free solder alloys, and conductive epoxies are widely used for attaching the devices because they can be easily processed at a temperature below 300/spl deg/C. As the electronics industry continues to integrate more functions in smaller packages, the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the existing die-attach materials do not meet the more demanding requirements for performance and reliability. In this talk, a die-attach technique based on sintering of silver pastes to interconnect devices are presented. Two strategies have been adopted to lower the sintering temperature down to 300/spl deg/C: one involves using quasi-hydrostatic pressure to increase the sintering driving force; while the other relies on nanoscale silver particles to densify the material without pressure. Experimental measurements on the sintered joints show significantly improved electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties over the soldered joints. This silver-sintering die-attach technique opens the possibility for interconnecting wide band gap semiconductor devices (SiC or GaN) that are operable over 350/spl deg/C where none of the existing solder alloys can be used.
Macromolecular synthesis in cells infected by frog virus 3. I. Virus-specific protein synthesis and its regulation.

Abstract Heat-inactivated frog virus 3 inhibited protein synthesis in fathead minnow and baby hamster kidney cells but did not affect the replication of superinfecting infectious frog virus 3 in these cells. This method of controlling host-cell protein synthesis enabled us to identify 20 proteins induced by frog virus 3 infection. All detectable virus-specific proteins were synthesized within 2 hr after infection. Three viral structural proteins (VSP)—7, 9, and 13—were synthesized at maximum rates early in infection, and two others, VSP 5 and 11, reached their peak rate of synthesis late in infection. All structural and nonstructural proteins were made in the presence of cytosine arabinoside, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. In the absence of viral DNA replication, the kinetics of synthesis of VSP 5 and 11 were similar to those during normal infection, but there was no reduction in the synthesis of VSP 7, 9, and 13 late in the infection. These results suggest that synthesis of all viral structural proteins is an early event in the FV 3 replication cycle, with progeny viral DNA required to regulate the synthesis of certain viral proteins.
Use of the Polarized Radiance Distribution Camera System in the RADYO Program

Abstract : My work involves experimentally investigating the interrelationships and variability of optical properties in the ocean and atmosphere. My goal is to define the variability of the optical properties, particularly those dealing with light scattering, and to improve the prediction capabilities of image and radiative transfer models used in the ocean. My near term ocean optics objectives have been: 1) to improve the measurement capability of measuring the in-water and above-water spectral radiance distribution and extending this capability to polarization, 2) to investigate the variability of the Point Spread Function (PSF) as it relates to the imaging properties of the ocean, and 3) to improve the characterization of the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of benthic surfaces in the ocean, and 4) to understand the capabilities and limitations of using radiative transfer to model the BRDF of particulate surfaces. The major objective of this research is to understand the downwelling spectral polarized radiance distribution, in the near surface of the ocean.
Mineral endowment, public policy and competitiveness

Abstract The traditional view of competitiveness in exploration, mining and mineral processing stresses the importance of quality mineral endowments. In recent years this view has come increasingly under attack by executives in the mineral industries and economists emphasizing the important role government policies play, both in enhancing and undermining the competitiveness of their domestic producers. This article, after examining the nature of competitiveness, surveys these two opposing schools of thought, examining in the process some of the interesting and important issues encountered in the on-going debate.
Three-dimensional global hybrid simulation of dayside dynamics associated with the quasi-parallel bow shock

[1] A three-dimensional global-scale hybrid simulation is carried out, for the first time, for dynamics of the dayside bow shock-magnetosphere system associated with the quasi-parallel bow shock. A case with IMF along the Sun-Earth line is examined in detail. First, the foreshock waves and the associated shock reformation process are investigated. In particular, the generation and structure of diamagnetic cavities, with a decrease in the magnetic field and density, in the foreshock of the quasi-parallel shock are discussed. Second, the interaction of the foreshock-originated pressure pulses with the dayside magnetosphere is simulated. The diamagnetic cavities that are generated in the turbulent foreshock due to the ion beam plasma interaction are found to lead to strong surface perturbations at the magnetopause. Third, the coupling between the pressure pulses and the magnetosphere is studied. The compressional waves are found to mode convert to shear Alfven waves and kinetic Alfven waves through the Alfven resonance process in nonuniform plasmas. The shear Alfven waves lead to field line resonance, which corresponds to the fundamental odd resonance wave number, and produce field-aligned currents in the dipole magnetospheric field.
Epidemiologic studies of osteoporotic fractures: Methodologic issues

Cross-sectional and case-control studies are efficient and inexpensive approaches to the study of osteoporosis; their validity depends primarily on how the subjects are sampled. Retrospective studies of fractures may be biased if measurements changes as a result of the fracture. Prospective cohort studies are less prone to such biases but are expensive. Randomized blinded trials are ideal for assessing studying single factors but trials are sometimes flawed by avoidable problems. Patient reports about risk factors are imperfect but sufficiently accurate to detect most strong associations between risk factors and osteoporosis. Noise in the measurement of risk factors will cause studies to underestimate the effect of these factors. About one-sixth of recalls of falls and fractures are incorrect. Self-report of vertebral fractures is unreliable and biased and there is controversy about how to define vertebral fractures on lateral X-ray film. Clinical and epidemiological research in osteoporosis would be advanced by greater care in the design of studies and methods of measurement.
Induction of micronuclei by bleomycin in G0 human lymphocytes. II: Potentiation by radioprotectors

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and WR-1065 are radioprotectors, in that they reduce the effectiveness with which ionizing radiation causes genetic damage. Unlike their protective effects with radiation, these agents potentiate the induction of micronuclei by bleomycin in the cytokinesis-block assay in G0 human lymphocytes. High concentrations of DMSO (1 M) are required to cause potentiation. In contrast, WR-1065 causes dose-dependent potentiation at relatively low concentrations (1.25 to 10 mM). Cytogenetic analysis supports the results from the micronucleus assay, showing higher levels of genetic damage induced by the combination of bleomycin with DMSO or WR-1065 than by bleomycin alone. Possible mechanisms of potentiation are proposed. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Blind Image Quality Assessment Without Human Training Using Latent Quality Factors

We propose a highly unsupervised, training free, no reference image quality assessment (IQA) model that is based on the hypothesis that distorted images have certain latent characteristics that differ from those of “natural” or “pristine” images. These latent characteristics are uncovered by applying a “topic model” to visual words extracted from an assortment of pristine and distorted images. For the latent characteristics to be discriminatory between pristine and distorted images, the choice of the visual words is important. We extract quality-aware visual words that are based on natural scene statistic features [1]. We show that the similarity between the probability of occurrence of the different topics in an unseen image and the distribution of latent topics averaged over a large number of pristine natural images yields a quality measure. This measure correlates well with human difference mean opinion scores on the LIVE IQA database [2].
Phakic cystoid macular edema secondary to idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 responsive to topical anti-inflammatory agents.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To report a 65-year-old male patient with bilateral phakic cystoid macular edema secondary to idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1, with robust response to topical steroidal and non-steroidal agents.Methods: Retrospective interventional case report. Chart review.Results: Snellen visual acuity was 20/40 bilaterally. Color fundus photographs showing golden crystalline deposits temporal to the fovea; fluorescein angiography demonstrating telangiectasias with late leakage; and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealing intraretinal and subretinal fluid demonstrated findings consistent with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 with bilateral cystoid macular edema. The patient was treated with steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drops with complete resolution of edema within two months and improved visual acuity. Over the next two years, edema recurred whenever the drops were stopped and disappeared with reinstitution of topical therapy.Conclusion: Topical steroida...
Twitter Style: An Analysis of How House Candidates Used Twitter in Their 2012 Campaigns

This article examines how House candidates used Twitter during the 2012 campaign. Using a content analysis of every tweet from each candidate for the House in the fi nal two months before the 2012 election, this study provides a snapshot of House candidates' "Twitter style." In particular, this article shows that incumbents, Democrats, women, and those in competitive races tweet differently than challengers, Republicans, minor party candidates, men, and those in safe districts.
Fraternities and Sororities Shaping the Campus Climate of Personal and Social Responsibility

AbstractData from 9,760 college students on 20 campuses were used to explore the extent to which fraternity and sorority organizations assert an influence over the manner in which students experience the climate for personal and social responsibility while in college. Results demonstrated greater exposure to fraternities and sororities can function to both enhance and detract from the ways in which students experience a climate that reinforces the ideal of contributing to a larger community.
TU-F-213AB-01: Diagnostic Workforce and Manpower Survey.

Since AAPM Report No. 33 on Diagnostic Radiology Physics staffing is more than 20 years old, the Diagnostic Work and Workforce Study Subcommittee (DWWSS) of the Professional Council was formed to conduct a new study and update the data. The intent of the DWWSS study has two goals. First, it wanted to assess the number of FTE diagnosticphysicists needed to support the QC, acceptance tests, radiation safety and other clinical functions for various imaging modalities, such as: CT scanners, MRI units, angiography rooms, ultrasound units, nuclear medicineimagers and other equipment. For example, the preliminary results indicate that the median annual physics support for one CT scanner is 0.007 FTE or 12.6 hours per unit. Second, the study wanted to provide an estimate of the cost of these physics services in terms of a fraction of a dollar per patient examination performed. For example, the cost for physics support of CT would be $0.27 for each CT procedure. This information would be similar to the Abt study conducted in Radiation Oncology. Radiation therapy physicists have utilized the Abt studies to generate re‐imbursement for physics services and to justify financially the cost of their work efforts. Appropriate recognition for physics efforts in Diagnostic Radiology has never been properly quantified nor appreciated. With all the current and future changes occurring in healthcare, the information from the DWWSS survey could be important to the future of diagnosticphysicists. Although diagnosticphysicists are involved with many other activities such as teaching of residents and research, information about the clinical equipment support effort could be used to assess diagnostic physics staffing needs. The goals of the DWWSS study and the preliminary findings will be presented. Objective: 1. Present the goals of the DWWSS DiagnosticPhysicist Survey.2. Present potential benefits to the AAPM members from this survey.3. Present findings from the preliminary analysis of the survey.
A global nucleon optical model potential

Abstract We describe a new parametrization of the nucleon-nucleus optical-model potential based on data for A = 40 to 209, protons energies of 16 to 65 MeV and neutron energies of 10 to 26 MeV, including extensive polarized-beam data. This parametrization, called CH89, is based on the current understanding of the basis of the optical potential, such as the folding model and nuclear matter approaches. It differs significantly from previous global parametrizations, especially in the weakness of the isovector potential, the parametrization of potential radii, and the smooth variation of imaginary-potential depths with energy. We also describe an optical-model parameter search system, MINOPT, based on the minimization program MINUIT. It is applied to analyze simultaneously a large database of nearly 300 carefully selected angular distributions. Parameter uncertainties and correlations between parameters are estimated by using the non-parametric statistical technique known as the bootstrap method. CH89 is intended to serve as a starting point for definitive tests of models of the nucleon-nucleus interaction, and to be of immediate use of applications.
OPTIMIZING THE DOSE OF RECOMBINANT ADENOVIRUS FOR TRANSGENE DELIVERY TO THE LUNG. 2309

Recombinant adenoviruses are frequently used to deliver transgene expression cassettes to somatic tissues. In the lung, the distribution and delivery of these vectors can be enhanced by using exogenous surfactant as a carrier vehicle. Surfactant is better tolerated than saline based vehicles, permitting delivery of a greater volume of virus. With this constraint removed, a greater total dose of viral vector can be delivered to the lung in a single treatment. Recombinant adenoviruses can generate significant inflammatory responses in the lung, which may limit transgene expression via T-lymphocyte mediated dropout of transgene-expressing cells. We treated Sprague Dawley rats with increasing doses of ACβgal, aβ-galactosidase-expressing adenovirus vector, to determine the effect of increased viral delivery on transgene expression. Rats received from 1 × 109 infectious units (iu) per kg to 1 × 1011 iu/kg, delivered to the trachea in a single bolus mixed with 4 ml/kg Survanta®. Animals receiving the highest dose showed clinical evidence of mild upper respiratory infection withing 24 hours of treatment. Lungs were examined for quantitative β-galactosidase expression by reaction with o-nitrophenolβ D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), with activity calculated in nmoles / minute/ lobe of lung tissue. In each lobe, expression was greatest after the intermediate dose of 1 × 1010 iu/kg. It is possible that higher doses of the viral vector cause sufficient inflammation to eradicate a significant number of transduced cells. Therefore, extremely high doses of recombinant adenovirus may not yield the greatest degree of transgene expression in the lung. Because inflammation is at least partly related to the transgene itself, this effect may vary with different viruses. These data indicate that generation of a dose response curve may be an important prerequisite to somatic gene therapy with recombinant adenoviruses.Supported by NIH #HL52637-02 and Ross PharmaceuticalsFigure
Differential Split Power Transmissions for a Single Shaft Passenger Car Gas Turbine Engine

Descriptions, schematics, equations, and efficiency curves for a unique single shaft gas turbine engine transmission, consisting of a power splitting differential reduction gear combined with either a variable stator torque converter or variable ratio traction drive as a speed variator, and with a current production automatic four-speed gear box as a ratio expander, are contained in this paper.
What is Sound

Our standard view about sound is incoherent. On the one hand, we suppose that sound is a quality, not of the object that makes the sound, but of the surrounding medium. This is the supposition of our ordinary language, modern science and a long philosophical tradition. On the other hand, we suppose that sound is the object of hearing. This too is the assumption of ordinary language, modern science and a long philosophical tradition. Yet these two assumptions cannot both be right – not unless we wish to concede that hearing is illusory and that we do not listen to the objects that make sounds. To avoid these consequences we must recognize and repair the inconsistencies contained in our standard view of what sound is. I offer an account that describes sound as a quality belonging, not to the medium, but to the object that makes the sound. email : pasnau@sju.edu
Fire resistance of penetrated walls

This paper deals with the problem of fire resistance where walls of a structure must be penetrated with electric cables or air channels. It attempts to provide helpful information to those involved in the design, architecture and inspection of such buildings.
On the optimum synthesis of statistical communication Nets-Pseudo parametric techniques

Abstract In a communication network, the existing traffic within the branches is not deterministic. As part of the synthesis problem, it is necessary to determine the probability that a particular flow rate can be attained between a given pair of stations. If this probability is inadequate, we must improve the net with minimum cost. This paper offers an approach based on the assumption that the branch flows are observable but their probability distributions are unknown. An analysis technique that uses statistical hypothesis testing is developed. Following the statistical analysis procedure, a synthesis technique is presented which is optimum in the sense that the net is improved at minimum cost while the statistical errors in the procedure are controlled. The synthesis procedure utilizes linear integer programming and seems to be feasible for reasonably “large” communication networks.
Medical informatics: improving health care through information.

HEALTH CARE IS AN INFORMATIONbased science. Much of clinical practice involves gathering, synthesizing, and acting on information. Medical informatics is the field concerned with the management and use of information in health and biomedicine. This article focuses on the problems that motivate work in this field, the emerging solutions, and the barriers that remain. It also addresses the core themes that underlie all applications of medical informatics and unify the scientific approaches across the field. There is a growing concern that information is not being used as effectively as possible in health care. Recent reports from the Institute of Medicine have reviewed research findings related to information use and expressed concerns about medical errors and patient safety, the quality of medical records, and the protection of patient privacy and confidentiality. The latest Institute of Medicine report on this topic ties all these problems and potential solutions together in a vision for a health care system that is safe, patient-centered, and evidence-based. A variety of solutions is required to address the informationrelated problems in health care; many solutions involve the use of computers and computer-related technologies.
An ecological perspective on family policy: A conceptual and philosophical framework

This article develops a conceptual framework that places family policy within an ecological perspective. The ecological perspective is particularly useful in providing a means both to understand why diversity exists among families and to analyze how human-created rules disparately affect the environments faced by families within and across different societies. Examples are provided of how family policy is conceptualized by organizations and groups that are concerned with family issues, and these examples are critiqued from the ecological perspective. Finally, the article suggests that the values on which an ecological perspective of family policy are grounded can serve as a beginning point to develop a philosophical basis for the development of family policy.
The Vienna Convention as Authority for the Use of Precedent as Customary Practice in International Arbitrations of Oil Concessions and Investment Disputes in North Africa and the Gulf Arab States; or a Lex Mercatoria for a Lex Petrolea

General principles of law are a valid source of law for arbitral tribunals. The Vienna Convention 1 allows recourse to general principles of law. In Bilateral Investment Treaty (hereinafter “BIT”) interpretation but also in International Commercial Arbitration (hereinafter “ICA”)/International Investment Arbitration (“hereinafter “IIA”), arbitrators can be guided by the Vienna Convention 2 and in so doing may refer to a number of ‘rules’ and norms of ‘international law’ applicable to the relations between states, such as those mentioned herein including principles drawn from the lex mercatoria or other types of international customary law, e.g. the principle of pacta sunt servanda, which honours contracts between states and investors, as well as the principle of precedent. Additionally, they may refer to customary norms from other jurisdictions that can harmonise with Western law.
Numerical simulation for natural convection in vertical channels

Abstract The investigation of laminar natural convection in vertical obstructed channels is conducted using an h- adaptive finite element algorithm. The adaptive model uses an L 2 norm based a-posteriori error estimator with a semi-implicit, time-stepping projection technique. The advection terms are treated using an explicit Adams Bashforth method while the diffusion terms are advanced by an implicit Euler scheme. By using the adaptive algorithm, mesh independent studies can be avoided. Results are obtained for thermal and flow patterns including average Nusselt numbers for different parameters (Rayleigh number, aspect ratio and locations of obstructions) in both smooth and obstructed channels.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Mammalian Peroxisomaltrans-2-Enoyl-coenzyme A Reductase cDNAs

Chain elongation of fatty acids is an important cellular process and is believed to occur in the endoplasmic reticulum of all eukaroytic cells. Herein we describe the cloning and characterization of a peroxisomal NADPH-specifictrans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase, the key enzyme for a proposed peroxisomal chain elongation pathway. The reductase was solubilized and partially purified from guinea pig liver peroxisomes by affinity chromatography. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a 40-kDa band was identified as the enzyme, and its partial amino acid sequence (27 amino acids) was determined. A full-length cDNA for the reductase was cloned from a guinea pig liver cDNA library. The open reading frame of this nucleotide sequence encodes a 302-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 32.5 kDa. Full-length mouse and human cDNA clones encoding homologous proteins have also been isolated. All of these translated polypeptides have the type I peroxisomal targeting signal, AKL, at the carboxyl terminus. The identity of the cloned enoyl-CoA reductase cDNAs was confirmed by expressing the guinea pig and human cDNAs in Escherichia coli. The His-tagged recombinant enzymes were found to have very high NADPH-specific 2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity with similar properties and specificity as the liver peroxisomal reductase. Both the natural and the recombinant enzyme catalyze the reduction oftrans-2-enoyl-CoAs of varying chain lengths from 6:1 to 16:1, having maximum activity with 10:1 CoA. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that a single transcript of 1.3 kilobases is present in most mouse tissues, with particularly high concentrations in liver and kidney.
A multifunctional, provisional, implant-retained fixed partial denture

Abstract This article describes the modification of a procedure for fabricating a laboratory-processed, metal-reinforced, acrylic resin provisional restoration that becomes an implant-retained fixed partial denture. The modification involves the incorporation of patrix and matrix components into a cast metal framework. The prosthesis can be used as an alternative to a removable radiologic stent and surgical guide. It can function as a surgical guide during implant placement and help retract the buccal mucogingival flap during implant placement. The prosthesis also can be used as an aid in locating the implant during stage II surgery. Finally, the pontics can be converted into an implant-supported provisional restoration immediately after the implant prosthetic components are attached to the uncovered implants. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:34-9.)
Water Content of Organic Solvents and their Relationship to Extraction of Nitric and Acetic Acid from UREX+ Streams

This study investigates the equilibrium absorption of water in various solvents and solvent-mixtures being considered for the counter-current solvent extraction of acetic acid from improved Uranium Extraction (UREX+) process solutions. It then seeks to determine if there is any correlation between the equilibrium water content of these solvents and their equilibrium extraction of 0.25 M nitric and 0.025 M acetic acid. The UREX+ process is a proliferation resistant version of the Plutonium Uranium Extraction (PUREX) process. The solvents studied were n-Dodecane (nDD), 1,2 Dichloroethane (DCE), and Phenyltrifluoromethyl Sulfone (FS-13), and mixtures of these solvents with Tributyl Phosphate (TBP). After studying both pure water and acidified aqueous systems, it seems the water absorption mechanism is independent of the diluent used and remains constant with the addition of the 0.25 M nitric and 0.025 M acetic acid.
On the collision rate of small particles in turbulent flows

A theoretical framework is developed to predict the rate of geometric collision and the collision velocity of small size inertialess particles in general turbulent flows. The present approach evaluates the collision rate for small size, inertialess particles in a given instantaneous flow field based on the local eigenvalues of the rate-of-strain tensor. An ensemble average is then applied to the instantaneous collision rate to obtain the average collision rate. The collision rates predicted by Smoluchowski (1917) for laminar shear flow and by Saffman & Turner (1956) for isotropic turbulence are recovered. The collision velocities presently predicted in both laminar shear flow and isotropic turbulence agree well with the results from numerical simulations for particle collision in both flows. The present theory for evaluating the collision rate and the collision velocity is also applied to a rapidly sheared homogeneous turbulence to assess the effect of strong anisotropy on the collision rate. Using (e/v)1/2, in which e is the average turbulence energy dissipation rate and v is the fluid kinematic viscosity, as the characteristic turbulence shear rate to normalize the collision rate, the effect of the turbulence structure on the collision rate and collision velocity can be reliably described. The combined effects of the mean flow shear and the turbulence shear on the collision rate and collision velocity are elucidated.
Utilizing computer-based resources back home when conducting research and teaching overseas

This paper presents information that will help psychologists and other individuals who are planning to conduct research or teach abroad meet their computing-related needs. Factors are discussed that may affect access to network-based resources. An introduction is also provided to newer information technologies, both established and emerging, that may enhance teaching and research efforts conducted in distant settings. The focus is on interactive technologies, such as groupware and computer conferencing, that involve information sharing in real time.
Clear evidence for field induced unidirectional exchange surface anisotropy in NiMn alloys

Abstract Weak secondary modes which were observed [1] beside the main f erro m agnetic r esonance (FMR) bulk mode of water quenched Ni 76 Mn 24 alloy from 850°C, are highly pronounced by annealing the same sample at room temperature for about one year in the atmosphere. After cooling the sample in the presence of external magnetic field in the plane of the sample. FMR absorption lines were recorded by applying the measurement field either along the cooling field direction ( n -FC case) or opposite to it ( r -FC case). The highly pronounced secondary absorption peaks at the higher field side of main resonance peak for r -FC case are different than those for n -FC case in terms of intensities and separation from main FMR bulk modes. These secondary modes were identified as surface modes by using simulated spectra calculated from well-known Rado and Weertman exchange boundary conditions together with unidirectional field induced exchange surface anisotropy energy, as well as unidirectional field induced bulk anisotropy field in classical equation of motion for magnetization. This simulation qualitatively accounts for the directional behavior of both surface and bulk modes. However, because of field training effects on the spectra for such a metastable system during the recording of the spectra as a function of magnetic field, no attempt has been made to analyze the data as a function of temperature.
THE DYNAMICAL DISTANCE, RR LYRAE ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE, AND AGE OF THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER NGC 6266

The internal proper motion dispersion of NGC 6266 was measured using Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images with an epoch difference of eight years. The dispersion was found to be 0.041 {+-} 0.001 arcsec century{sup -1}. This value was then equated to the cluster's radial velocity dispersion of 13.7 {+-} 1.1 km s{sup -1} to yield a distance to NGC 6266 of 7054 {+-} 583 pc. Based on this distance we find that the NGC 6266 RR Lyrae stars have M{sub V} = 0.51 {+-} 0.18 mag. This magnitude is in good agreement with that predicted by the M{sub V} versus [Fe/H] relation found by Benedict et al. Using an average [Fe/H] of -1.25 for NGC 6266, their relation predicts M{sub V} = 0.49 {+-} 0.06. Based on the RR Lyrae M{sub V} versus age relation determined by Chaboyer et al., we estimate that NGC 6266 has an age of 11.4 {+-} 2.2 Gyr.
Childhood dysfunctional voiding is differentially associated with urinary incontinence subtypes in women

To estimate the relationship between the history of childhood dysfunctional voiding and urinary incontinence (UI) in adult women with and without clinical UI and to estimate its relationship with stress, urge, and mixed UI. Using a case–control study, we surveyed adult women with or without UI using a validated dysfunctional voiding questionnaire. Cases were clinically classified as stress, urge, or mixed UI. Patient characteristics were compared using Student’s t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. Confounders were controlled through logistic regression. We compared the history of childhood dysfunctional voiding status among the three UI subtypes using multinomial logistic regression. We recruited 267 cases (120 stress, 37 urge, 98 mixed, and 12 other UI) and 107 controls. Mean age of cases and controls were 58 and 52 years and BMI 26 and 23 kg/m², respectively. Fifty-six percent of cases (48% stress, 65% urge, and 62% mixed UI) had a prevalence of childhood dysfunctional voiding compared to controls (40%) (P = 0.06). After adjusting for confounders, women with adult UI had a twofold increased odds (95% CI = 1.2–3.4, P = 0.006) of childhood dysfunctional voiding compared with controls. The highest prevalence of dysfunctional voiding was with urge UI (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.8–10.7) followed by mixed UI (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.5–5.2), and finally stress UI (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.8–2.5). Childhood dysfunctional voiding may predict adult bladder control problems. This association is strongest in women with urge UI followed by mixed UI, but not different between women with stress UI and controls.
Applying Occam’s razor in modeling cognition: A Bayesian approach

In mathematical modeling of cognition, it is important to have well-justified criteria for choosing among differing explanations (i.e., models) of observed data. This paper introduces a Bayesian model selection approach that formalizes Occam’s razor, choosing the simplest model that describes the data well. The choice of a model is carried out by taking into account not only the traditional model selection criteria (i.e., a model’s fit to the data and the number of parameters) but also the extension of the parameter space, and, most importantly, the functional form of the model (i.e., the way in which the parameters are combined in the model’s equation). An advantage of the approach is that it can be applied to the comparison of non-nested models as well as nested ones. Application examples are presented and implications of the results for evaluating models of cognition are discussed.
Human torque velocity adaptations to sprint, endurance, or combined modes of training

We had groups of athletes perform sprint and endurance run training independently or concurrently for 8 weeks to examine the voluntary in vivo mechanical responses to each type of training. Pre- and posttraining angle-specific peak torque during knee extension and flexion were determined at 0, 0.84, 1.65, 2.51, 3.35, 4.19, and 5.03 radian.sec-1 and normalized for lean body mass. Knee extension torque in the sprint-trained group increased across all test velocities, the endurance-trained group increased at 2.51, 3.34, 4.19, and 5.03 radian.sec-1, and the group performing the combined training showed no change at any velocity. Knee flexion torque of the sprint and combined groups decreased at 0.84, 1.65, and 2.51 radian.sec-1. Knee flexion torque in the sprint-trained group also decreased at 0 radian.sec-1 and in the combined group at 3.34 radian.sec-1. Knee flexion torque in the endurance-trained group showed no change at any velocity of contraction. Mean knee flexion:extension ratios across the test velocities significantly decreased in the sprint-trained group. Knee extension endurance during 30 seconds of maximal contractions significantly increased in all groups. Only the sprint-trained group showed a significant increase in endurance of the knee flexors. These data suggest that changes in the voluntary in vivo mechanical characteristics of knee extensor and flexor skeletal muscles are specific to the type of run training performed.
Software-annotated, digitally photographed, and printed MR images: suitability for publication.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The authors performed this study to evaluate whether digitally photographed, computer-annotated MR images produced by clinical radiologists and printed with an inexpensive photo printer are suitable for publication. Materials and Methods Laser prints of 20 magnetic resonance images of the brain were photographed with a 3-megapixel digital camera and annotated with arrows, arrowheads, and asterisks by using graphics software that incorporates vector support. Then, 5 × 7-inch glossy prints with white borders were made by using an inexpensive photo printer. These prints were compared with those produced of the same 20 images by members of the medical center's graphics department with professional scanning and printing equipment and annotated with conventional rub-on symbols. Eight radiologists evaluated image and annotation quality and overall suitability for publication. Results In all three categories, the images produced by radiologists outscored those produced by the graphics department. Conclusion Digitally photographed, software-annotated MR images printed with an inexpensive photo printer are suitable for publication.
Acetic acid production from whey lactose by the co-culture of Streptococcus lactis and Clostridium formicoaceticum

Acetic acid was produced from anaerobic fermentation of lactose by the co-culture ofStreptococcus lactis andClostridium formicoaceticum at 35° C and pHs between 7.0 and 7.6. Lactose was converted to lactic acid, and then to acetic acid in this mixed culture fermentation. The overall acetic acid yield from lactose was about 95% at pH 7.6 and 90% at pH 7.0. The fermentation rate was also higher at pH 7.6 than at pH 7.0. In batch fermentation of whey permeate containing about 5% lactose at pH 7.6, the concentration of acetic acid reached 20 g/l within 20 h. The production rate then became very slow due to end-product inhibition and high Na+ concentration. About 30 g/l acetate and 20 g/l lactate were obtained at a fermentation time of 80 h. However, when diluted whey permeate containing 2.5% lactose was used, all the whey lactose was converted to acetic acid within 30 h by this mixed culture.
Binary and nonbinary LDPC-coded modulations for generalized fading channels

In this paper, we compare binary and nonbinary LDPC-coded modulation schemes with high-rate component codes, which are more suitable for high-speed wireless communication applications than schemes employing low-rate codes. In order to test the performance of these schemes under various fading conditions, we use two generalized fading distributions, namely the a-μ distribution and the K-μ distribution. By adjusting the parameters a, k, and μ, we simulate the conventional Rician, Rayleigh, and Nakagami-m fading cases. Further, to provide an example for cases where the field measurements may exhibit better fit to nonconventional distributions, we also study a heuristic fading scenario. Using QPSK modulation, we observe that binary and nonbinary LDPC-coded modulation schemes perform closely under all fading conditions considered. However, in terms of receiver latency, the nonbinary LDPC-coded modulation scheme may lower receiver latency especially when complex equalization schemes are employed since NB-LDPC-CM avoids using iterative equalization and decoding which is a crucial component in binary LDPC-coded modulation schemes.
Effects of hormones, pregnancy and pseudopregnancy on the mast cell count in the rat uterus☆

Abstract Quantitative statistical examination was made of regional distributions of mast cells in the uteri of normally cycling rats, hormone-treated animals, pregnant, pseudopregnant and pseudopregnant animals bearing a deciduoma. In normally cycling animals largest numbers of uterine mast cells were observed during metestrus and significantly decreased toward estrus. Subcutaneous administration of estradiol suppressed myometrial mast cells but did not change the endometrial mast cell counts. Progesterone alone had no significant effect, but when injected concurrently with estrogen, a significant increase of myometrial and endometrial mast cells was observed. Uterine mast cells counts in pregnant rats remained fairly constant during the first half of gestation, and irregularly increased during the later stages of pregnancy. The increase of uterine mast cells became statistically significant three days prior to parturition and was followed by another highly significant increase between days 1 and 5 after parturition. During pseudopregnancy, relatively constant numbers of mast cells persisted throughout the experimental period. Decidualization during pseudopregnancy resulted in a greater number of mast cells in the injured than in the intact horns.
Sequences Promoting the Transcription of the Human XA Gene Overlapping P450c21A Correctly Predict the Presence of a Novel, Adrenal-Specific, Truncated Form of Tenascin-X

Abstract A compact region in the human class III major histocompatibility locus contains the human genes for the fourth component of human complement (C4) and steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) in one transcriptional orientation, while the gene for the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-X (TN-X) overlaps the last exon of P450c21 on the opposite strand of DNA in the opposite transcriptional orientation. This complex locus is duplicated into A and B loci, so that the organization is 5′-C4A-21A-XA-C4B-21B-XB-3′. Although this duplication event truncated the 65-kb X(B) gene to a 4.5-kb XA gene, the XA gene is transcriptionally active in the adrenal cortex. To examine the basis of the tissue-specific expression of XA and C4B, we cloned the 1763.bp region that lies between the cap sites for XA and C4B and analyzed its promoter activity in both the XA and the C4 orientations. Powerful, liver-specific sequences lie within the first 75 to 138 bp from the C4B cap site, and weaker elements lie within 128 bp of the XA cap site that function in both liver and adrenal cells. Because these 128 bp upstream from the XA cap site are perfectly preserved in the XB gene encoding TN-X, we sought to determine whether a transcript similar to XA arises within the XB gene. RNase protection assays, cDNA cloning, and RT/PCR show that adrenal cells contain a novel transcript, termed short XB (XB-S), which has the same open reading frame as TN-X. Cell-free translation and immunoblotting show that this transcript encodes a novel 74-kDa XB-S protein that is identical to the carboxy-terminal 673 residues of TN-X. Because this protein consists solely of fibronectin type III repeats and a fibrinogen-like domain, it appears to correspond to an evolutionary precursor of the tenascin family of extracellular matrix proteins.
Scanning electron microscopy studies of erythrocytes in Huntington's disease.

Abstract Scanning electron microscopic study of unmanipulated erythrocytes from Huntington's Disease (HD) patients disclosed an increased number of stomatocytes compared to controls. This morphological alteration may reflect a membrane abnormality and supports our previous electron spin resonance results ( Butterfield et al , Nature (1977) 267 , 453–455) which suggests that HD may have diffuse membrane involvement.
Infectious crystalline keratopathy

In three patients (three men, 44, 67, and 83 years old) an unusual keratopathy characterized by white, branching, crystalline stromal opacities produced lesions that were insidious, that increased in size slowly, and that were clinically and histopathologically associated with little corneal inflammation. Intraocular inflammation eventually became evident in two of the patients. The keratopathy developed while the patients were using topical corticosteroids. In two cases, histopathologic studies disclosed accumulations of gram-positive cocci in the corneal stroma; a viridans streptococcus agent was isolated on culture. In one case, the viridans streptococcus was determined to be a dextran producer, which may have contributed to the pathogenesis of the keratopathy. Despite aggressive treatment with a variety of drugs, epithelial healing, and resolution of the corneal infiltrate, residual scarring persisted in two cases and neovascularization and graft edema in one case each.