cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional Obstetric Ultrasound Education: Successful Development of Online Learning Modules; Case‐Based Seminars; and Skills Labs for Registered and Advanced Practice Nurses, Midwives, Physicians, and Trainees

Ultrasound is an important aid in the clinical diagnosis and management of normal and complicated pregnancy and childbirth. The technology is widely applied to maternity care in the United States, where comprehensive standard ultrasound examinations are routine. Targeted scans are common and used for an increasing number of clinical indications due to emerging research and a greater availability of equipment with better image resolution at lower cost. These factors contribute to an increased demand for obstetric ultrasound education among students and providers of maternity care, despite a paucity of data to inform education program design and evaluation. To meet this demand, from 2012 to 2015 the University of California, San Francisco nurse-midwifery education program developed and implemented an interprofessional obstetric ultrasound course focused on clinical applications commonly managed by maternity care providers from different professions and disciplines. The course included matriculating students in nursing and medicine, as well as licensed practitioners such as registered and advanced practice nurses, midwives, and physicians and residents in obstetrics and gynecology and family medicine. After completing 10 online modules with a pre- and posttest of knowledge and interprofessional competencies related to teamwork and communication, trainees attended a case-based seminar and hands-on skills practicum with pregnant volunteers. The course aimed to establish a foundation for further supervised clinical training prior to independent practice of obstetric ultrasound. Course development was informed by professional guidelines and clinical and education research literature. This article describes the foundations, with a review of the challenges and solutions encountered in obstetric ultrasound education development and implementation. Our experience will inform educators who wish to facilitate obstetric ultrasound competency development among new and experienced maternity care providers in academic and clinical settings. This article is part of a special series of articles that address midwifery innovations in clinical practice, education, interprofessional collaboration, health policy, and global health.
Legacy phosphorus in calcareous soils: Effects of long-term poultry litter application

Sequential fractionation coupled with phosphatase hydrolysis allows a greater understanding of the effects of animal manure on the chemical distribution of soil P. Concentrations of specific soil P fractions were determined after long-term (>10 yr) poultry litter application at rates of 4.5, 6.7, 9.0, 11.2, and 13.4 Mg manure ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ to watershed-scale plots (cultivated and grazed–ungrazed pasture) on a calcareous Texas Blackland Vertisol. Soil total extractable P (Pₜ) and inorganic P (Pᵢ) were quantified following sequential extraction with H₂O, NaHCO₃, NaOH, and HCl. Hydrolyzable organic P (Pₑ) and non-hydrolyzable organic P (Pₙₑ) were determined in the extracted fractions following enzymatic hydrolysis. Litter application increased Pₜ regardless of land-use type compared with the control. Concentrations of H₂O-extractable Pᵢ in litter-amended plots increased by 9 to 34% (cultivated) and 7 to 30% (pasture) over the control, indicating substantial risk of soluble P runoff. Labile organic P (Pₒ) extracted with H₂O and NaHCO₃ decreased in the order monoester > nucleic acid > phytate > Pₙₑ. An average of 68% of Pₜ was extractable with HCl. Organic P comprised the majority (95%) of HCl-Pₜ; however, only trace levels of HCl-Pₒ were hydrolyzable, and litter application increased HCl-Pₙₑ up to 217%. Thus, litter application increased levels of both soluble Pᵢ and stable Pₙₑ, but the specific response varied with application rate and land management. This study increased understanding of P chemical distribution with time in litter-amended soil with high clay and CaCO₃ contents under differing land-use scenarios.
Dissociation of Erythropoietin from Erythropoietin-Antierythropoietin Complex

SummaryThe biological activity of human urinary erythropoietin is completely neutralized when combined with serum from rabbits immunized with erythropoietin. Acidification to pH 5.0, followed by heating in a boiling water bath for 5 min, recovers essentially all the erythropoietic biological activity from such a combination. These data further support the immunologic nature of the reaction between erythropoietin and the neutralizing serum.
Toward an Interactional Conception of Community

T IHE GROWING CONCERN of the general public and of opinion leaders for the development and preservation of the community as a social unit needs to be seen against the background of forces hastening its decline, namely, centralization, specialization, and the increase of impersonal relationships. Centralization is seen both in the massing of population and the pyramiding of power and leadership, culminating in the growth of the monolithic state.' The search for community is not confined to the devotees of the rural way of life. The supporters of urban life, principally those concerned with the neighborhoods of the central city, are becoming increasingly concerned about the urban sprawl and the "anti-city" trends in metropolitan growth.2 The many-sided community organization and community development movement of today) as seen especially by those involved, is a reaction to rapid community decline. Significant development programs are found in town and country communities and in urban neighborhoods, chiefly those in central cities.3 Community development programs in the underdeveloped nations of the world are another very rapidly expanding area of work.
Dependability of Two Scaling Approaches to Direct Behavior Rating Multi-Item Scales Assessing Disruptive Classroom Behavior

Abstract This study examines the dependability of two scaling approaches for using a five-item Direct Behavior Rating multi-item scale to assess student disruptive behavior. A series of generalizability theory studies were used to compare a traditional frequency-based scaling approach with an approach wherein the informant compares a target student's behavior with that of classroom peers. A total of seven novice raters (i.e., graduate students) used both types of scales to rate 10-min video clips of the classroom behavior of nine middle school students across three occasions. Generalizability of composite scores derived from each type of scale was examined across raters and occasions. Subsequent decision studies were conducted to determine the number of measurement occasions that would be required to obtain an acceptable level of dependability. Results of these studies indicated that the type of scale accounted for a substantial proportion of variance (29%) and that the traditional frequency approach requ...
A Security Price Data Cleaning Technique: Reynold’s Decomposition Approach

We propose a security price data cleaning technique based on Reynold’s decomposition that uses \(T_I\), the time period of integration, to determine the de-noise level of the price data. As price is a function of time, \(T_0\), the optimal time period of integration, may reveal an underlying price trend, possibly indicating the intrinsic value of the security. The DJIA (Dow Jones Industrial Average) Index and the thirty companies comprising the index are our fundamental interest under the initial investigation period from 1990 to 2016. Also, intra-day security price data from February 8th to August 19th, 2016 are obtained to further study \(T_0\) on a minute-by-minute basis. Preliminary results include the following: (1) It was discovered that \(\alpha \), a key percentage measure, drops exponentially for low \(T_I\) and then drops linearly at a fairly shallow slope for high \(T_I\). (2) In the linear region, the \(\alpha \) hardly varies as \(T_I\) increases. Thus, we propose that the optimal time period of integration, \(T_0\), is when \(\alpha \) transitions from an exponential behavior to a linear behavior. We calculated that the average of the \(T_0\)’s for the thirty DJIA component companies is 64 business days and that for the DJIA itself is 63 business days. For intra-day study of \(T_0\), \(\alpha \) seems to drop proportionally with the length of \(T_I\), exhibiting an almost linear relationship. The change in slope for the intra-day study is not as noticeable as the total time period study. The average of the intra-day \(T_0\)’s for the thirty DJIA component companies is 52 min and for the DJIA Index is 69 min.
Carcinoma of the lung in the absence of asbestosis: The value of lung fiber burden analysis

Asbestos is universally recognized as a carcinogen for the lower respiratory tract. However, asbestos is a contributory factor in a small fraction of lung cancers, the vast majority of which are related to cigarette smoking. The challenge for the pathologist is to determine when a lung cancer may be attributed to past asbestos exposure. The finding of asbestosis either clinically or pathologically is a useful marker for such a determination. However, in the absence of asbestosis, it has been suggested that a fiber burden as determined by analytical electron microscopy within the range of asbestosis is sufficient for determination of a causal contribution. We report here an example of a case of lung cancer in which fiber burden studies showed an asbestos concentration within the range of asbestosis as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Soil Air and Aeration

Impressed with the transitoriness of objects, the ceaseless mutation and transformation of things, Buddha formulated a philosophy of change. He reduced substances, souls, monads, things to forces, movements, sequences and processes, and adopted a dynamic conception of reality.
Precongressional Careers and Committees: The Impact of Congruence:

We explore the impact that precongressional careers have on the behavior of new members in the U.S. House of Representatives. Does a former doctor act differently in the House than a former state legislator, lawyer, or businesswoman? Is the former doctor more productive as a new member if assigned to a committee that utilizes his or her perceived and actual experiences in the medical field? We posit that new members who are assigned to committees that align with their career experiences are more active legislators and obtain legislative expertise more quickly than other new members of Congress (MCs), with implications for their future political ambition. To explore these claims, we collected an extensive dataset of the precongressional career experiences of first and second term MCs from the 101st-113th Congresses (1989-2014), their committee assignments, legislative activity, and political ambition. We find that MCs with career-committee congruence have a legislative advantage compared with other new MCs...
Enriching Acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing Bacteria in No-flow, Fed-batch Systems

Low-pH microbial Fe(II) oxidation occurs naturally in some Fe(II)-rich acid mine drainage (AMD) ecosystems across so-called terraced iron formations. Indigenous acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterial communities can be incorporated into both passive and active treatments to remove Fe from the AMD solution. Here, we present a protocol of enriching acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria in no-flow, fed-batch systems. Mixed cultures of naturally occurring microbes are enriched from the fresh surface sediments at AMD sites using a chemo-static bioreactor (Eppendorf BioFlo®/Celligen® 115 Fermentor) with respect to constant stirring speed, temperature, pH and unlimited dissolved oxygen. Ferrous sulfate is discontinuously added to the reactor as the primary substrate to enrich for acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria. Successfully and efficiently enriching acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria helps to exploit this biogeochemical process into AMD treatment systems.
Low-temperature growth of graphene on iron substrate by molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract Graphene has attracted a great deal of interest due to its fascinating properties and a wide variety of potential applications. Several methods have been used to achieve high-quality graphene films on different substrates. However, there have been only a few studies on graphene growth on iron (Fe) and the growth mechanism remains unclear. This paper systematically investigates temperature-dependent growth of graphene on Fe substrate by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. Two-dimensional (2D), large-area graphene samples were grown on Fe thin films, and characterized by Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It is found that graphene flakes can be grown on Fe at a growth temperature as low as 400 °C and the optimized large-area graphene growth temperature is relatively low between 500 °C and 550 °C. The graphene growth on Fe that undergoes the formation and decomposition of iron carbide is discussed.
Upscaled Bioammonium/Ammonia Production by Clostridium Aminophilum Cultured with Soy Protein Isolate.

The goal of this study was to scale up the production of bioammonium/ammonia (BAA) by Clostridium aminophilum from test tube size small batches of 1.0 g of soy protein isolate (SPI) with 10 mL of salt solution to the lab scale bioreactor level of 1.8 kg·18 L–1 salt solution in amounts required for precision fertigation in field trials. An 18 L bioreactor was designed and constructed similar to commercially available lab scale bioreactors. Novel methods were implemented to maintain sterility and anaerobic conditions throughout the preparation and operation of the bioreactor. C. aminophilum was cultured at rates of 1.8 kg·18 L–1 salt solution, ultimately producing a BAA mean concentration of 82.9 mM, which was 34% greater than the amount achieved in the test tubes of 61.7 mM.
Scientific Realism Made Effective

I argue that a common philosophical approach to the interpretation of physical theories -- particularly quantum field theories -- has led philosophers astray. It has driven many to declare the quantum field theories employed by practicing physicists, so-called ``effective field theories,'' to be unfit for philosophical interpretation. In particular, such theories have been deemed unable to support a realist interpretation. I argue that these claims are mistaken: attending to the manner in which these theories are employed in physical practice, I show that interpreting effective field theories yields a robust foundation for a more refined approach to scientific realism in the context of quantum field theory. The paper concludes by briefly sketching some general morals for interpretive practice in the philosophy of physics.
Real-time biofeedback device for gait rehabilitation of post-stroke patients

In this work, we develop a device, called 'Walk-Even', that can provide real-time feedback to correct gait asymmetry commonly exhibited in post-stroke survivors and persons with certain neurological disorders. The device computes gait parameters, including gait time, swing time, and stance time of each leg, to detect gait asymmetry and provide corresponding real-time biofeedback by means of auditory and electrotactile stimulation to actively correct the user's gait. The system consists of customized force-sensor-embedded insoles adjustable to fit any shoe size, electrotactile and auditory feedback circuits, microcontroller, and wireless XBee transceivers. The device also offers data saving capability. To validate its accuracy and reliability, we compared the gait measurements from our device with a commercial gait and balance assessment device, Zeno Walkway. The results show good correlation and agreement in a validity study with six healthy subjects and reliability study with seventeen healthy subjects. In addition, preliminary testing on six post-stroke patients after an 8-week training shows that the Walk-Even device helps to improve gait symmetry, foot pressure and forefoot loading of the affected side. Thus, initial testing indicates that the device is accurate in measuring the gait parameters and effective in improving gait symmetry using real-time feedback. The device is portable and low cost and has the potential for use in a non-clinical setting for patients that can walk independently without assistance. A more extensive testing with stroke patients is still ongoing.
Electrostatic screening mediated by interfacial charge transfer in molecular assemblies on semiconductor substrates

Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM, STS), we report the electronic structures of self-assembled zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and hexadecafluorinated zinc phthalocyanine $({\mathrm{F}}_{16}\mathrm{ZnPc})$ monolayers on the Si(111)-B surface. We show that interfacial charge transfer occurs in the ${\mathrm{F}}_{16}\mathrm{ZnPc}$ monolayer, which gives rise to a pronounced spatial variation of the occupied molecular state across the molecular assembly, a feature not observed in the molecular states of the ZnPc overlayer without the presence of interfacial charge transfer. We attribute this observation to the inhomogeneous electrostatic screening of the intraorbital Coulomb interaction in molecular adsorbates arising from the substrate boron distribution. This study highlights the impact of the substrate electrostatic environment on molecular electronic structures, an essential aspect in the applications of organic and molecular electronic devices.
A Pornography Literacy Class for Youth: Results of a Feasibility and Efficacy Pilot Study

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of a media literacy curriculum focused on pornography among a sample of U.S-based, urban-residing youth. Participants were 24 youth between the ages of 15–24 years old, although 65% were 17–18 years old. The sample was 43% female, 43% male, 9% transgender, 52% Black, 22% Hispanic, 13% other race, 64% heterosexual, 14% gay, lesbian or bisexual, and 18% other sexual orientation. Participants completed a pre-test prior to the first class session and a post-test after the fifth and final session. Pornography-related knowledge increased from pre- to post-test. A change in the anticipated direction was observed for some pornography-related attitudes, and some pornography-related behavioral intentions. Pornography-related behavior (e.g., seeking out pornography for the first time) did not change from pre- to post-test. The novelty of these findings are two-fold. First, the study demonstrated that it is feasible to implement a pornography ...
Treatment of Patients With Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Severe Immobility Using the Particle Repositioning Chair: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective:To report treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in patients unable to undergo traditional canalith repositioning maneuvers (CRMs) using a particle repositioning chair (...
Case Study: A Young African American Woman with Lupus

Nia Monroe is a 20-year-old African American woman who lives in a mid-sized city in the Midwestern United States. She, her mother, and her 3 younger siblings live in a large public housing community consisting of 700 individual units. Despite many obstacles, Nia graduated in the top of her class in high school and was a student athlete. She was awarded a full scholarship to the public university in her city where she planned to study nursing, as the first person in her family to attend college.
Mechanisms of Action of Metal Ions on Hepatocytes

Several trace metal ions have been shown to modify cell injury as indicated by reduction of observable pathological tissue changes after metal ion supplementation: Liver injury (Chvapil et al, 1973; Hafeman and Hoekstra, 1977; Saldeen, 1969; Suarez and Bhonsle, 1976; Cagen and Klaassen, 1979, 1980; Pani et al, 1975) induced facial eczema (Towers, 1977), rheumatoid arthritis (Simkin, 1977; Weissman, 1968), endotoxic shock (Snyder and Walker, 1976), and myocardial infarction (Chvapil et al, 1977). In most of these situations this effect has been postulated to be the result of a stabilizing effect of metal ions on lysosomes. However, the rupture of lysosomes depends not only on the intactness of the lysosomal membrane, but also on the reactivity of the cell to certain stimuli which could ultimately cause the release of lysosomal enzymes. The lysosomal stabilization may reflect the reduction of tissue injury due to other cellular mechanisms modulated by metal ions. In addition, metals of similar electronic configuration may substitute for one another in physiological properties, i.e. metalloenzymes.
Development of a Programmatic Line of Research for Swallow Screening for Aspiration Risk: The First Step

To investigate the clinical utility of the 3-ounce water swallow challenge to determine aspiration risk status as well as oral diet recommendations in a large and heterogeneous hospitalized patient population. The important finding is that since FEES was the criterion standard for determination of aspiration status when the 3-ounce water swallow challenge is passed, diet recommendations can be made without the need for further instrumental dysphagia testing.
California Dreamin': Tax Scholarship in a Time of Fiscal Crisis

This essay makes three claims about the current state of tax law and academic tax scholarship in America: (1) the federal budget imbalance, caused by the failure of both political parties to raise the tax revenues needed to fund the nation’s spending priorities, is unsustainable and threatens our nation’s future; (2) tax scholars need to shift our focus from technocratic work to systemic solutions to the existential threat posed by this fiscal gap; and (3) California’s response to its seemingly intractable budget problems provides a template for resolving the federal budget stalemate in Washington, D.C.Two years ago, both California and the nation were imperiled by long-term, structural, budget imbalances. California has reduced that peril by raising (already high) personal tax rates on the wealthy. The political success of that approach suggests that at the national level, Americans might be willing to support higher rates to maintain government services and move toward fiscal solvency.The fiscal crisis highlights a problem with the dominant conception of legal tax scholarship. Under that conception, scholarship is (or should be) apolitical and confined to subjects about which the writer can demonstrate mastery. Unfortunately, the most pressing problem in the field is inescapably political and requires the scholar to address some issues about which no one can master. If we hew to a restrictive definition of scholarship, we limit our voice on a subject about which we have much to say.
Testing of A Caregiver Support Team

Context Healthcare clinicians often endure stress over long periods of time. The burden of witnessing death and disability, complex work duties, long and irregular hours, the threat of errors, and tensions between colleagues result in emotional strain, anxiety, depression, burnout and in the worst case: suicide. The Caregiver Support Team was designed to provide emotional first aid to clinicians in the healthcare environment in the moment of need and triage those who would benefit from ongoing care. Objective/Intervention To test the feasibility of providing a Caregiver Support Team to provide emotional first aid in the workplace. This project is an extension of our previously reported Code Lavender initiative. Hypotheses After stressful events in the workplace, staff will provide, receive, and recommend the Caregiver Support Team to others. The Caregiver Support Team will be used and accepted by clinicians, improve Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQoL) scores, general job satisfaction and feeling cared for in the workplace. Method/Sample We describe a pilot program. Following the completion of a Code Lavender pilot, physicians and staff on 4 hospital units provided nominations for peer supporters: someone they would trust in a time of emotional need. These peer supporters were provided 8 hours of training by a psychologist and voluntarily sought to find those in the workplace who were affected by workplace stress and provide emotional support. Feasibility data and ProQoL scores were collected at baseline and 3 months. Results At baseline, 59% (n = 44) reported symptomatic stress caused by the workplace. Main causes of stress were emotional responses of patients/families, disputes with colleagues, and negative clinical outcomes. Colleagues were reported as the most frequently used source of support following workplace stress. A Caregiver Support Team intervention was received by 40% of respondents; 100% found it helpful and 100% would recommend it to others. No significant changes were demonstrated before and after the intervention in ProQoL Scores, or job satisfaction. The emotion of feeling cared-for improved. Staff spontaneously requested emotional debriefings through peer supporters. One suicide was prevented. Conclusions The Caregiver Support Team was positively received. The organization received budgetary support from our hospital to disseminate the program system-wide. Additional interventions are needed to overcome the root cause of workplace stressors. A formal link between Risk Management is being developed to identify cases which warrant emotional (vs. clinical only or both) debriefing/group processing.
The role of defects and excess surface charges at finite temperature for optimizing oxide photoabsorbers.

Computational screening of materials for solar to fuel conversion technologies has mostly focused on bulk properties, thus neglecting the structure and chemistry of surfaces and interfaces with water. We report a finite temperature study of WO3, a promising anode for photoelectrochemical cells, carried out using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations coupled with many-body perturbation theory. We identified three major factors determining the chemical reactivity of the material interfaced with water: the presence of surface defects, the dynamics of excess charge at the surface, and finite temperature fluctuations of the surface electronic orbitals. These general descriptors are essential for the understanding and prediction of optimal oxide photoabsorbers for water oxidation. Computational screening of materials for solar to fuel conversion technologies has mostly focused on bulk properties. A finite temperature study of WO3 now clarifies the role of defects and excess surface charges for optimizing oxide photoabsorbers.
Written Testimony of Gerald S. Dickinson for the U.S. Senate Hearing on Fencing Along the Southwest Border (Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs)

It is with great pleasure that I submit this written testimony at the request of the Office of the Ranking Member, Senator McCaskill. I am pleased that the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee is devoting its April 4, 2017 hearing to an examination of efforts to secure the southwest border through the construction of a wall. Further, as a law professor who writes and teaches in the areas of constitutional property and land use, I take great interest in the committee's focus on the legal authorities related to the wall construction along the U.S.-Mexico border.
Education Federalism and Minority Disproportionate Representation Monitoring: Examining IDEA Provisions, Regulations, and Judicial Trends:

States have been granted increasingly greater agency both to determine standards for minority disproportionate representation (MDR) monitoring in special education placements and to set the relevan...
Synthesis of Azulitriphyrins(1.2.1) and Related Benzocarbatriphyrins

Bis(pyrrolylmethyl)azulene dialdehydes underwent intramolecular McMurry coupling, and following oxidation with DDQ and addition of trifluoroacetic acid, gave aromatic azulitriphyrin cations. The pr...
Wideband Transmitarrays Based on Polarization- Rotating Miniaturized-Element Frequency Selective Surfaces

We present a new low-profile, wideband, transmitarray design based on polarization-rotating (PR), miniaturized-element, frequency-selective surfaces (MEFSSs). These MEFSS unit cells rotate the polarization of the transmitted wave by 90° either in the counterclockwise or in the clockwise direction. Each PR element consists of three metal layers separated by two dielectric substrates. The constituent metallic layers comprise metallic strips with specific alignments to twist the polarization of the transmitted electromagnetic wave by ±90°. We used the two rotation directions to achieve a 0°/180° phase difference in the transmission mode to achieve a 1 bit phase shifter. We also show that variations in the unit cell dimensions can be combined with polarization rotation to create an additional 90° phase shifts, which can be combined with the PR phase shift mechanism to achieve a 2 bit phase shifter. We designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized two illustrative transmitarray prototypes with 1 and 2 bit phase-correction patterns. The measured results agree well with the simulation predictions and demonstrate wideband operation for both arrays. The measured 3 dB gain bandwidth and maximum gain are 33.4% and 24.5 dBi, respectively, for the 1 bit prototype, and 24.1% and 27.2 dBi, respectively, for the 2 bit prototype.
Specification, Integration, and Benchmarking of Continuous Flow Microfluidic Devices: Invited Paper

The lack of standardization in the specification and representation of microfluidic designs and their corresponding architectures is one of the largest hurdles faced by the developers of Microfluidic Design Automation (MDA) tools. In this paper, we introduce MINT, a Microfluidic Hardware Description Language (MHDL) for defining components and devices in a human readable manner, and ParchMint, an MDA interchange format and associated benchmark suite that can be used to compare the performance of different physical design algorithms. We further demonstrate how the introduction of MINT and ParchMint into the engineering workflow can bridge the gaps from the specification to the fabrication of microfluidic devices. While recent efforts to democratize microfluidics have been recognized by the community, there is an unfortunate lack of open source tools, design languages, and standards. Consequently, microfluidic designs shared on open platforms such as Metafluidics[15] leave conceptual gaps in terms of missing design information that are necessary to realize the “creative process flows” (Reproduce, Remix, and Test multiple systems). MINT and ParchMint are open source projects, which allows the community to contribute and extend their functionality to enable advanced algorithmic methodologies and new commercialization possibilities that differ from the vertically integrated industries we see today.
High-flow nasal cannula: COVID 19 and beyond

Early case series have suggested that 20%–31% of COVID-19 patients will develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and require intensive care, potentially causing a nationwide shortage of mechanical ventilators. We present a review of the high-flow nasal cannula which presents several physiological benefits in acute respiratory failure. It is a safe treatment modality with low risk of exposure to aerosolized viral particles for health-care workers in the setting of negative-pressure or high-efficiency particulate air-filtered rooms and proper personal protective equipment.
Interconnectedness and Contagion - Financial Panics and the Crisis of 2008

This study engages in a detailed analysis of interconnectedness (i.e., the linkage between financial institutions) in the context of the failure of Lehman Brothers in October 2008 and concludes that interconnectedness was not a major cause of the recent financial crisis.The study continues with a discussion of financial contagion (i.e., run-like behavior that spreads from the perceived failure of a financial institution to other financial institutions) and an analysis of possible solutions to contagion. The study highlights that a distinguishing feature of contagion is its ability to spread indiscriminately among firms in the financial sector and notes that contagious runs can occur even if there are no direct linkages to the original institution (i.e., even in the absence of interconnectedness).The study comes to the conclusion that contagion was the primary cause of the financial crisis and that short-term funding in particular is the primary source of systemic instability. In the context of these conclusions, the study engages in a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the possible solutions to financial contagion. The solutions include: (i) capital requirements, (ii) liquidity requirements, (iii) resolution procedures, (iv) money market mutual fund reform, (v) lender of last resort, (vi) liability insurance and guarantees, and (vii) public bailouts. Each potential solution is discussed in detail with an evaluation of its effectiveness in addressing financial contagion.
Using 14C-acetate Pulse-chase Labeling to Study Fatty Acid and Glycerolipid Metabolism in Plant Leaves

Lipids metabolism is comprised of networks of reactions occurred in different subcellular compartments. Isotopic labeling is a good way to track the transformations and movements of metabolites without perturbing overall cellular metabolism. Fatty acids, the building blocks of membrane lipids and storage triacylglycerols, are synthesized in plastids. The immediate precursor for fatty acid synthesis is acetyl-CoA. Exogenous acetate is rapidly incorporated into fatty acids in leaves and isolated plastids because it can diffuse freely through cellular membranes, enter the plastid where it is rapidly metabolized to acetyl-CoA. Therefore, isotope-labeled acetate is often used as a tracer for the investigation of fatty acid synthesis and complex lipid metabolism in plants and other organisms. The basic principle of isotope labeling and its recent technological advances have been reviewed ( Allen et al., 2015 ). The present protocol describes the use of 14C-labeled acetate to determine rates of fatty acid synthesis and degradation and to track the metabolism of glycerolipids in leaves. This method, which is often referred to as acetate pulse-chase labeling, has been widely used to probe various aspects of lipid metabolism ( Allen et al., 2015 ), including the role of autophagy in membrane lipid turnover ( Fan et al., 2019 ) and the interplay between lipid and starch metabolism pathways ( Yu et al., 2018 ).
Patients undergoing manipulation after total knee arthroplasty are at higher risk of revision within 2 years.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a very common orthopedic procedure and stiffness is a common complication following TKA. There is extensive data regarding timing and success of Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) for stiffness following TKA. However, Studies reporting outcome following MUA have often focused on the improvement in ROM and improvement in functional score with very few studies reporting on the revision risk. In this study we retrospectively reviewed PearlDiver insurance database and analyzed the characteristics of the patient undergoing MUA after TKA. We also analyzed the risk of revision at 2 years in a cohort of MUA patients who were matched to patients without MUA. Our study identified 9156 patients who underwent MUA within one year following TKA. MUA was slightly more common in females and risk of manipulation decreases with increasing age. Comparative analysis showed that at two years, patients in the matched MUA cohort (538 patients, 5.99%) were 2.9 times more likely to undergo revision TKA compared to the matched non MUA group (194, 2.16%)OR 2.88 (95% CI—2.44 to 3.41), P < 0.05 Retrospective database review showed that the risk of revision is higher in patients undergoing MUA after TKA and hence patient should be counselled about the possibility of revision in the future.
Pathfinder: The scholarship of Colin S. Gray and the future study of strategic culture

No one and no institution can operate “beyond culture.”Colin S. Gray1There is no place for strategic culture in an intellectual world of indistinguishable billiard balls. In that rarified space, cu...
Occupation Times for Time-changed Processes with Applications to Parisian Options

Stochastic processes time-changed by an inverse subordinator have been suggested as a way to model the price of assets in illiquid markets, where the jumps of the subordinator correspond to periods of time where one is unable to sell an asset. We develop an excursion theory for time-changed reflected Brownian motion and use this to express the price of certain European options with Parisian barrier condition in terms of solutions of a time-fractional PDE. We provide a general description of the occupation measures of time-changed processes and use this to prove a Ray-Knight theorem for the occupation measure of a time-changed Brownian motion with negative drift. We also show that the duration of the excursions on finite time intervals obey a Poisson-Dirichlet distribution when a reflected Brownian motion is time-changed by an inverse stable subordinator.
Editorial Commentary: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament May Be Safer Wearing a Suture Tape Augmentation Seat Belt: Click It or Ticket.

Abstract Bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has the most data to support its use. However, there may still be room for improvement, and younger age, insufficient rehabilitation, altered neuromuscular patterns, and precocious return to play can increase risk of graft failure. High strength suture augmentation of soft-tissue repair or reconstruction has gained traction in a variety of applications for the knee, including medial collateral and posteromedial corner, lateral collateral ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and ACL. For ACL reconstruction, the technique consists of using either suture or suture tape fixed at the femoral and tibial ACL footprints to allow for independent tensioning to back up the separately tensioned ACL reconstruction. The static augment serves as a load-sharing device, allowing the graft to see more strain during earlier levels of graft strain, until graft elongation occurs to a critical level whereby the augment will experience more strain than the graft. Hence, the “seat belt” analogy. This is distinct from static augmentation, where the high strength suture is fixed to the graft. Static augmentation (without tensioning separately from the graft) results in a load-sharing device and increased stiffness, but potential stress shielding compared with the “seat belt.” If suture tape augmentation improves patient outcome, it is a worthwhile to “click it.”
Subjektivierungsweisen und identitäre Positionierung

Mit diesen forschungsleitenden Fragen Foucaults ist umrissen, welches Verstandnis von Subjektivierung aus den vorangehenden Ausfuhrungen zu den Subjektkategorien der WDA (Kapitel 4.2) abgeleitet werden kann: Subjektivierung meint den doppelten Prozess der diskursiven Erzeugung von Subjektpositionen und den tatsachlichen Subjektivierungsweisen (Keller 2012: 102), Letztere verstanden als die Aneignung von und Auseinandersetzung mit Rollen-, Identitats- und Lebensfuhrungsmodellen, die in Subjektpositionen konstituiert werden. Grundlegend basiert ein solches Subjektivierungskonzept auf den Theorien des dezentrierten Subjekts, die sich sowohl innerhalb der Soziologie als auch in poststrukturalistischen Kontexten verorten lassen.
Experimental Studies on Heat Extraction from Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs

Most of the available energy in hydrothermal systems and all of the available energy in hot igneous rock systems is present in the formation rock. Long-term commercial development of geothermal resources for electric power production will depend on optimum heat extraction from such systems. Studies underway in the Stanford Geothermal Program since 1972 to improve the efficiency of energy extraction from geothermal resources involve a combination of physical and mathematical models. Results of these studies include the development of a simple, lumped parameter heat extraction model to evaluate the potential for recharge-sweep production. Incorporated into the model are results from a series of tests on several rock loadings in a large physical model of a rechargeable hydrothermal reservoir, experiments on shape factor correlations for single, irregular-shaped rocks and assemblies of reservoir-shaped rocks, and experiments on the effect of thermal stressing on rock heat transfer properties. Current efforts involve the improvement of the model to include distributed-parameter analysis of heat extraction using a rock loading of known geometric shape and spacing.
Dual Kalman filters for autonomous terrain aided navigation in unknown environments

In this paper, we address a method for terrain aided navigation of unmanned vehicles in unknown environments. The task is to simultaneously estimate the state of the vehicle (position and attitude) and a map of the surrounding environment given limited sensing capabilities. Possible available sensors include an on-board inertial measurement unit (IMU) and other simple "terrain sensors" such as altitude, temperature, or vision based features. Explicit positioning sensors such as GPS or a prior land map are not available. This problem is widely known as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). A dual Kalman filter framework is proposed that works by alternating between using one Kalman filter to localize the vehicle given the current estimated map, and a second Kalman filter to update the estimate of the map given the position of the vehicle. Simulation results are generated for a two dimensional environment comparing the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and sigma point Kalman filter (SPKF) based implementations. It is shown that the SPKF based approach converges faster and also to a lower mean square error (MSE) than that of the EKF counterpart.
Good Gestalt: Metzger on seeing: Wolfgang Metzger: Laws of Seeing, trans. Lothar Spillman, Steven Lehar, Mimsey Stromeyer, and Michael Wertheimer. MIT Press, 2009, xxv + 203 pp, £18.95 PB

Gestalt psychology has had a lasting impact on the study of visual perception, as perusal of recent comprehensive textbooks, such as Steven Palmer’s Vision Science (Cambridge, MA, 1999) and Bruce Goldstein’s Sensation and Perception (Belmont, 2010), attests. Until now, the primary English-language overviews of Gestalt psychology in general, and of Gestalt theories of visual perception in particular, were Wolfgang Kohler’s Gestalt Psychology (New York, 1929; 2nd edn., 1947) and Kurt Koffka’s Principles of Gestalt Psychology (New York, 1935). These books were written in English. Although focused on visual perception, they also covered memory, learning and insight, and behavior. They began with methodological discussions and emphasized Gestalt conceptions of field-organized brain processes. By comparison with Kohler’s and Koffka’s books, Metzger’s, which was originally published in German in 1936, is more accessible as an introduction to Gestalt theories of visual perception. It treats methodological issues by briefly surveying the history of visual theory (pp. xv–xxv). In this history, sensory atomism and unconscious inference are the villains, and Christian von Ehrenfels, with his appreciation of Gestalt qualities in perceptual experience, is the hero. This introduction makes points similar to those in Kohler’s and Koffka’s opening chapters, but by setting its criticisms of atomism and unconscious inference into a historical narrative, it eases the reader into a Gestalt frame of mind. The twelve chapters forming the body of the work develop Gestalt laws of perceptual organization and illustrate their application. The first three chapters cover organization and grouping. These and the remaining chapters are generously supplied with figures and photographs to exemplify the phenomena in question. The fourth chapter examines developmental aspects of shape perception. The fifth concerns Gestalt laws and camouflage, paying special attention to boundary
When robots weep: emotional memories and decision-making

We describe an agent architecture that integrates emotions, drives, and behaviors, and that focuses on modeling some of the aspects of emotions as fundamental components within the process of decision-making. We show how the mechanisms of primary emotions can be used as building blocks for the acquisition of emotional memories that serve as biasing mechanisms during the process of making decisions and selecting actions. The architecture has been implemented into an object-oriented framework that has been successfully used to develop and control several synthetic agents and which is currently being used as the control system for an emotional pet robot.
Experiences with distributed computation of twin primes distribution

This paper outlines experiences with development of a distributed framework designed for parallel processing of an application using idle processor time on large numbers of heterogeneous computers. The system places no requirements on the performance or availabihty of the network interconnections. As such, it is most suitable to parallel applications with modest synchronization requirements and a high ratio of computation time to amount of data needed to define the problem domain subspace. We also provide details on our first application using this framework: a parallel computation which counts the distribution of twin primes, calculates Brun's Constant and the maximal distance between pairs of twin primes. Two primes are twins if they differ by two. We have gathered these results for an order of magnitude larger interval than previously computed. We present an overview of our implementation and provide preliminary results and future directions for the system.
Simultaneous extra-uterine and intra-uterine pregnancy

Abstract The literature on simultaneous extra-uterine and intra-uterine pregnancy has been briefly reviewed and the total number of cases since 1913 has been corrected. One original case is reported with a summary of fifteen additional cases since 1925, making a total to date of 324.
Pedagogy and world Englishes: The legacy of Yamuna Kachru

From the beginning of world Englishes (WE) as a field of study, Yamuna Kachru was a strong advocate for users of English in all circles. She consistently argued for language teaching and for language acquisition research that would acknowledge the diverse bilingual and multilingual contexts in which English is learned and used. This paper considers just four of her areas of interest as they pertain to language pedagogy and world Englishes: the interlanguage hypothesis and fossilization, discourse studies, contrastive rhetoric, and the sociolinguistic realities of learners and teachers. The conclusion offers touchstones from her work to inspire future research.
The world-wide wireless web

The world-wide wireless web is the promise of delivering the desktop experience to the mobile society. This is a promise of seamless connectivity and multimedia interactivity while on the move. This promise is driving convergence of demand for high speed wireless data with the demand for greater convenience, greater access, and greater, more visual and dynamic content, all without compromising the security and bit error rate performance that we have come to expect in the wired world.
Reliability analysis based on a mathematical tool

The MathCAD program, which has proven to be useful in reliability analysis of fault-tolerant systems, is described. Sensitivity and trade-off analyses can be performed easily within the program, and the results can be shown in graphical format for effective evaluation. Function libraries/macros can be developed to model every system configuration. Text, formulas, and graphics inside the MathCAD program, describing the entire analysis, can be used to generate formal documentation such as a reliability analysis report. The results are readable and easily understandable. There are no hidden functions, formulas, or procedures in the body of the analysis. The MathCAD tool helps the reliability engineer concentrate on modeling systems without getting involved in detailed mathematical computation of the system models. >