cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marinobufagenin predicts and resibufogenin prevents preeclampsia: a review of the evidence.

Objective The purpose of this review is to provide information detailing the existing evidence with regard to the hypothesis that marinobufagenin (MBG) is an important etiologic and predictive factor in preeclampsia (PE). In addition, evidence describing the role of the antagonist to MBG, resibufogenin (RBG), in the prevention and/or treatment of this disorder is provided. Study Design The studies outlined were performed in an animal model of PE, in in vitro experiments, and in human studies. Results Data have been obtained that strongly support the hypothesis that ~60 to 70% of PE patients demonstrate elevations in urinary and serum MBG levels. In the animal model, the entire syndrome can be prevented by the administration of RBG beginning early in pregnancy. Conclusion Expanded human trials of MBG as a predictor of the later development of PE are warranted as are studies of the efficacy and safety of RBG as a preventative/therapy.
SLURP-1 Modulates Corneal Homeostasis by Serving as a Soluble Scavenger of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

PURPOSE. Our previous study revealed the immunomodulatory property of the secreted lymphocyte antigen (Ly6)/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-related protein-1 (SLURP1), abundantly expressed in the cornea and associated with the hyperkeratotic disorder Mal de Meleda. Here, we test the hypothesis that SLURP1 modulates the functions of membrane-tethered uPAR by acting as a soluble scavenger of its ligand urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). METHODS. Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) and mouse corneal stromal fibroblast MK/T1 cells were employed to examine the effect of SLURP1 on cell proliferation and migration. Human corneal limbal epithelial cell clones stably expressing SLURP1 under the control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter were generated using lentiviral vectors. Recombinant 63 His-mouse Slurp1 and maltose-binding protein (MBP)-mouse uPA were expressed in Escherichia coli and partially purified using nickel-ion and amylose columns, respectively. Slurp1 interaction with uPA was detected using ligand blots, ELISA, pull-down assays, and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS. Stable expression of SLURP1 in HCLE cells was confirmed by immunoblots and immunofluorescent staining. Human corneal limbal epithelial and MK/T-1 cell proliferation and migration rates were suppressed by exogenous SLURP1. Ligand blots, ELISA, and pulldown assays indicated that Slurp1 efficiently interacts with uPA. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that exogenous SLURP1 decreased the amount of cell surface–bound uPA in the leading edges of migrating cells. In gap-filling assays, wild-type HCLE cells responded to uPA by increasing their velocity and closing larger area, while the SLURP1-expressing HCLE cells failed to do so. CONCLUSIONS. SLURP1 modulates corneal homeostasis by serving as a soluble scavenger of uPA and regulating the uPA-dependent functions of uPAR.
Tetrapod Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Stress Probes of Electrospun Nanocomposites

A nanoscale, visible-light, self-sensing stress probe would be highly desirable in a variety of biological, imaging, and materials engineering applications, especially a device that does not alter the mechanical properties of the material it seeks to probe. Here we present the CdSe–CdS tetrapod quantum dot, incorporated into polymer matrices via electrospinning, as an in situ luminescent stress probe for the mechanical properties of polymer fibers. The mechanooptical sensing performance is enhanced with increasing nanocrystal concentration while causing minimal change in the mechanical properties even up to 20 wt % incorporation. The tetrapod nanoprobe is elastic and recoverable and undergoes no permanent change in sensing ability even upon many cycles of loading to failure. Direct comparisons to side-by-side traditional mechanical tests further validate the tetrapod as a luminescent stress probe. The tetrapod fluorescence stress–strain curve shape matches well with uniaxial stress–strain curves measured ...
Surface Characterization of YBCO Thin Films by LEED, XPS and ISS

Surface characterization by in-situ analysis is presented for c-axis oriented YBCO thin films deposited by the ozone-assisted MBE method. By in-situ LEED and XPS analysis, we confirmed that the surface of the as-grown film was clean and crystalline. ISS analysis revealed that the clean surface was terminated at the Cu-O chain.
The effect of technological complexity on innovation performance, employee entrepreneurship and mobility: three essays

Technological innovation, knowledge diffusion and employee entrepreneurship and mobility are closely related phenomena. Multiple literature streams in strategy, entrepreneurship and technology management focus on explaining them. However, relatively little is known about the micro-level variation in technological tasks as their driver. To improve our understanding of the role technology plays in these phenomena, I examine how the complexity of the technological problems that employees solve affects innovation performance and employees’ choices about entrepreneurship and mobility. In essay 1 I examine whether modeling the innovative process as an iterative and adaptive search of boundedly rational agents is a valid approach. I develop a novel measure of technological complexity and empirically analyze how technological complexity affects innovation performance. In essay 2 I develop a model connecting attributes of technological tasks with the probability of idea rejection within incumbent firms. I show that rejection of profitable ideas within incumbent firms may occur without asymmetric information, incomplete contracts or resource constraints. In essay 3 I look at how technological complexity affects decisions to engage in employee entrepreneurship and mobility within the context of the U.S. semiconductor industry. The dissertation highlights a new driver of innovation patterns, knowledge flows and employee entrepreneurship and mobility with implications for firm performance and competitive dynamics.
“Des Maurers Wandeln / Es gleicht dem Leben”: The Freemasonic Ritual Route in Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre

In the eighteenth century Freemasons developed an initiation ceremony which included progression along a ritual route. Goethe transformed this esoteric system into a device which lends structure and metaphorical substance to his last novel.
Post-operative medical and surgical complications after primary total joint arthroplasty in solid organ transplant recipients: a case series

In a series of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients who underwent a subsequent primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) procedure, this study aimed to determine: (1) 90-day morbidity and mortality after primary total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA), (2) overall post-operative infection rates, and (3) how complication and infection rates compared across primary TJA procedure and type of transplant organ. The University of Michigan Health System database was retrospectively searched using current procedural terminology codes for any primary TKA or THA performed at the institution in years 2000–2012 in a patient who previously received a successful SOT at any hospital. The search yielded 44 arthroplasties performed in 29 SOT recipients (average age 54.8 years, average follow-up about 30 months for both groups). No deaths were reported, but 13/27 (48.1%) THA patients and 2/6 (33.3%) TKA patients experienced a total of 29 complications within 90 days of surgery. One patient (3.7%) [1/27 patients, 1/37 joints] underwent revision hip arthroplasty to correct limb length. One THA patient and two TKA patients developed infection requiring revision surgery (3.7% and 33%, respectively). Type of transplant did not affect complication rates (P=0.65), and infection was more common after TKA (P=0.01). A series of SOT recipients demonstrated increased rates of infection and other complications following TJA. Surgical and medical teams should work closely to optimize this population for TJA surgery and minimize peri-operative complications. Level IV, Prognostic Case-Series.
The pipe embargo: 1962–1963

From the standpoint of the U.S., the [CoCom embargo] system has been intricately interwoven into our overall strategic thinking about the cold war and in our overall cold war posture. Trade denial is looked upon as an effective weapon of cold war regardless of how large or how small the quantities of goods involved may be, on the simple assumption that since the U.S. is richer than the USSR any trade between the two must necessarily help the USSR more than the U.S. and hence must improve the relative power position of the USSR. Trade denial has also come to be an important symbol of our cold war resolve and purpose and of our moral disapproval of the USSR. Walt Whitman Rostow, 1963 Of course, anything one pleases can be regarded as strategic material, even a button, because it can be sewn onto a soldier's pants. A soldier will not wear pants without buttons, since otherwise he would have to hold them up with his hands. And then what can he do with his weapon? If one reasons thus, then buttons also are a particularly strategic material. But if buttons really had such great importance and we could find no substitute for them, then I am sure that our soldiers would even learn to keep their pants up with their teeth, so that their hands would be free to hold weapons. Nikita S. Khrushchev, 1963 The most controversial example of negative linkage in West German–Soviet relations prior to 1980 was an American order forbidding the Germans to honor a sales contract to sell largediameter pipe to the USSR.
Scenario analysis for techno‐economic model development of U.S. offshore wind support structures

Challenging bathymetry and soil conditions of future US offshore wind power plants might promote the use of multimember, fixed-bottom structures (or ‘jackets’) in place of monopiles. Support structures affect costs associated with the balance of system and operation and maintenance. Understanding the link between these costs and the main environmental design drivers is crucial in the quest for a lower levelized cost of energy, and it is the main rationale for this work. Actual cost and engineering data are still scarce; hence, we evaluated a simplified engineering approach to tie key site and turbine parameters (e.g. water depth, wave height, tower-head mass, hub height and generator rating) to the overall support weight. A jacket-and-tower sizing tool, part of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's system engineering software suite, was utilized to achieve mass-optimized support structures for 81 different configurations. This tool set provides preliminary sizing of all jacket components. Results showed reasonable agreement with the available industry data, and that the jacket mass is mainly driven by water depth, but hub height and tower-head mass become more influential at greater turbine ratings. A larger sensitivity of the structural mass to wave height and target eigenfrequency was observed for the deepest water conditions (>40 m). Thus, techno-economic analyses using this model should be based on accurate estimates of actual metocean conditions and turbine parameters especially for deep waters. The relationships derived from this study will inform National Renewable Energy Laboratory's offshore balance of system cost model, and they will be used to evaluate the impact of changes in technology on offshore wind lower levelized cost of energy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early diagnosis and predictive monitoring of skin diseases

Skin diseases like melanoma are traditionally screened by a visual analysis of key features, such as the pigmentation and vascularity of the region of interest. Monitoring the changes of these features during follow-up imaging sessions is critical towards a correct medical diagnosis. This paper proposes a framework to monitor these changes on the skin over time. The proposed framework utilizes the Lucas-Kanade displacement flow implementation to detect the severity of spatial changes in the skin. These spatial changes are captured via the magnitude and direction of the vectors in the resultant displacement field. This change monitoring is tested for surface and sub-surface skin image data. The proposed framework is developed and validated with skin samples of cutaneous melanoma, setting the stage for future extension to images from other skin diseases. The skin sample images would be classified as high and low risk based on the severity of change. Further, a predictive algorithm is devised to estimate the change in the high risk skin lesions, providing significant information to determine the course of medical action.
Nurse leaders' response to civil unrest in the urban core

Inequalities in society, culture, and finance have resulted in civil unrest, rioting, and intentional violence throughout our history. Nowhere is this currently more apparent than in the cities of Ferguson and Baltimore. It is not the civil unrest itself, but the resulting rioting and intentional violence that can create a disaster situation. This increases the care burden of health care providers during times when the governmental structure may be overwhelmed or functioning in a less than optimal manner. Beginning with the death of Michael Brown, civil unrest over the last 2 years has necessitated a closer examination of the role nurse leaders play in preparing their staff and facilities for potential results of this civil unrest. The similarities between the results of rioting and violence and natural disaster are obvious, but the differences are significant. Without adequate preparation, providers may not offer the appropriate response. Attention to the 10 "musts" for preparedness for civil unrest will facilitate a planning process and provide for a better response and recovery when communities face these issues.
Impacts of Storm-Track Variations on Wintertime Extreme Weather Events over the Continental United States

AbstractExtratropical cyclones are responsible for many of the high-impact weather events over the United States, including extreme cold, extreme high wind, and extreme heavy precipitation. In this study, impacts from the variations of the cyclone (or storm-track) activity on these extreme events are examined through composites based on map-averaged cyclone activity. Increased cyclone activity enhances the frequency of extreme cold and high wind events over much of the United States, and impacts extreme precipitation around the Ohio River valley. These impacts are largely due to a changing of the tail of the distribution rather than a shifting of the mean. To systematically study these impacts, three singular value decomposition (SVD) analyses have been conducted, each one between the cyclone activity and one kind of extreme event frequency. All three SVD leading modes represent a pattern of overall increase or decrease of storm tracks over the United States. The average of the time series of these leadin...
Evaluating Automated Rules for Rapid Response System Alarm Triggers in Medical and Surgical Patients.

BACKGROUND The use of rapid response systems (RRS), which were designed to bring clinicians with critical care expertise to the bedside to prevent unnecessary deaths, has increased. RRS rely on accurate detection of acute deterioration events. Early warning scores (EWS) have been used for this purpose but were developed using heterogeneous populations. Predictive performance may differ in medical vs surgical patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of published EWS in medical vs surgical patient populations. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Two tertiary care academic medical center hospitals in the Midwest totaling more than 1500 beds. PATIENTS All patients discharged from January to December 2011. INTERVENTION None. MEASUREMENTS Time-stamped longitudinal database of patient variables and outcomes, categorized as surgical or medical. Outcomes included unscheduled transfers to the intensive care unit, activation of the RRS, and calls for cardiorespiratory resuscitation ("resuscitation call"). The EWS were calculated and updated with every new patient variable entry over time. Scores were considered accurate if they predicted an outcome in the following 24 hours. RESULTS All EWS demonstrated higher performance within the medical population as compared to surgical: higher positive predictive value (P < .0001 for all scores) and sensitivity (P < .0001 for all scores). All EWS had positive predictive values below 25%. CONCLUSIONS The overall poor performance of the evaluated EWS was marginally better in medical patients when compared to surgical patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2017;12:217-223.
Structure and Properties of More Complex Atoms

The wave equation for the helium atom cannot be solved exactly. Therefore, approximation methods are used, one of which is the perturbation method. In this approach, the helium atom is considered as a hydrogen atom (having a +2 nuclear charge), with the second election causing a slight perturbation. Another approach to arriving at wave functions for atoms having more than one electron is to consider one electron in a field generated by the nucleus, but with all other electrons screening that electron from the nucleus. The result is a set of approximate wave functions known as Slater wave functions. Because moving electrons have angular momentum, there is a coupling that can occur between orbital and spin angular momenta that leads to spectroscopic states. Although several combinations may be possible, a set of guidelines known as Hund's rules provides a way to determine the lowest energy state for a specific number and arrangement of electrons.
Photoresponse of Natural van der Waals Heterostructures

Van der Waals heterostructures consisting of two-dimensional materials offer a platform to obtain materials by design and are very attractive owing to unique electronic states. Research on 2D van der Waals heterostructures (vdWH) has so far been focused on fabricating individually stacked atomically thin unary or binary crystals. Such systems include graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and members of the transition metal dichalcogenide family. Here we present our experimental study of the optoelectronic properties of a naturally occurring vdWH, known as franckeite, which is a complex layered crystal composed of lead, tin, antimony, iron, and sulfur. We present here that thin film franckeite (60 nm < d < 100 nm) behaves as a narrow band gap semiconductor demonstrating a wide-band photoresponse. We have observed the band-edge transition at ∼1500 nm (∼830 meV) and high external quantum efficiency (EQE ≈ 3%) at room temperature. Laser-power-resolved and temperature-resolved photocurrent measurements reveal tha...
Distributed Load Balancing in Key-Value Networked Caches

Modern web services rely on a network of distributed cache servers to efficiently deliver content to users. Load imbalance among cache servers can substantially degrade content delivery performance. Due to the skewed and dynamic nature of real-world workloads, cache servers that serve viral content experience higher load as compared to other cache servers. We propose a novel distributed load balancing protocol called Meezan to address the load imbalance among cache servers. Meezan replicates popular objects to mitigate skewness and adjusts hash space boundaries in response to load dynamics in a novel way. Our theoretical analysis shows that Meezan achieves near perfect load balancing for a wide range of operating parameters. Our trace driven simulations shows that Meezan reduces load imbalance by up to 52% as compared to prior solutions.
Depression and Postpartum Disorders

In the first part of this chapter, an overview of prevalence and burden of depression in women across the lifespan will be presented, as well as biopsychosocial etiological theories and a brief review of service use and treatment issues. The second part of the chapter will focus specifically on prevalence, clinical, and health care use issues related to depression occurring around the time of childbearing. Pregnant and postpartum women with depression represent an underserved group that, because of the healthcare service use issues, holds promise for improved detection, prevention, and treatment efforts that may improve health and functioning outcomes for women and their families.
Potential role of the Virchow Robin space in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis

Meningitis is an infectious disease commonly arising from a bacterial etiology. The rapid progression of morbidity and mortality due to bacterial meningitis requires critical and imminent time-dependent clinical intervention. Although it is unambiguously clear that bacteria must infiltrate the cerebrospinal fluid, the sequence of events in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis has not been fully elucidated. Most reviews of the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis do not specify the anatomical location of bacteria following BBB traversal. We propose an additional hypothesis focusing on the Virchow-Robin space (VRS). The VRS consists of a small, but identifiable perivascular space formed by a sheath of cells derived from the pia mater. The VRS has been described as an immunological space and possibly having a role in several neuropathological diseases. Solute exchange between cerebrospinal fluid and extracellular fluid occurs at the VRS, with subsequent drainage into the subarachnoid space. Because the VRS is continuous with the subpial space, a more direct route to the meninges is facilitated. The involvement of the VRS may have profound implications on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies: (1) nasopharyngeal colonization; (2) penetration into the blood stream after crossing the mucosal and epithelial membranes; (3) proliferation in the bloodstream; (4) extravasations through the endothelium of the post-capillary venules to the perivascular VRS; (5) migration from VRS to subpial space; (6) traversal through pia mater, entering the CSF in the subarachnoid space; (7) invasion of the meninges. The implication of the VRS in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis would be twofold. First, the VRS could provide an additional route of entry of bacteria into the brain. Second, the VRS could provide an area for bacterial proliferation, and thereby serve as a bacterial reservoir in relatively close proximity to the meninges. The clinical consequences of this hypothesis are: 1) clinical interpretation of laboratory findings, and 2) effective antibiotic delivery into the VRS. If the role of the VRS is established as part of bacterial meningitis pathogenesis, antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the VRS need to be determined. This may result in developing novel antibiotic delivery and clinical strategies to improve morbidity and mortality.
Industry Connections: Linking Design Professionals to Fashion Students UsingReal Time Technology

The purpose of this presentation is to share the results of using videoconferencing to inform fashion students in a sophomore level research methods class on the integral role of research in product design and development. A talented young designer employed by a multinational athletic footwear conglomerate (headquartered on the west coast of the United States) was invited to speak to students at an east coast university using Internet videoconferencing.
SIMULATION OF THE QUENCHING OF AN INTERNALLY COOLED SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET

Stability measurements on cable-in-conduit internally cooled superconductors have shown that the heat transferred to helium earlier will cause a pressure rise and induce a transient flow inside the conduit. In turn, this will enhance the heat transfer and help the superconductor to recover to its superconducting state. However, if the heat input is very high or if the heated length is very long, the pressure rise can be tremendous and the helium expulsion can be excessive. This paper describes the experimental results of simulating the quench of an entire hydraulic path. The measured thermal expulsion of helium and peak pressure during the quench are compared favorably with a similarity theory and a simple scaling relation.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLOGY

The majority of the computer methods used by petrologists are the same as those employed by social scientists, chemists, paleontologists, and others, all of whom try to find meaning in large bodies of data. Analysis of variance and covariance are fundamental to the good design of experiments; and field sampling is certainly experimental in this sense. Multivariate statistics seeks to establish the relationships amongst the variables, whereas discriminant analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis are the principal methods for classification.
The Rise of Social Complexity in the NCEP, 600–900s CE: A Processual Analysis

In this chapter, I present a synchronic analysis of the process of culture change in seven provinces of the North Central European Plain, 600–900s CE. The data on technological advancement, changes in settlement pattern, and social stratification are discussed in one hundred years intervals in each province. Technological changes relate to the appearance of new pottery types and the construction of houses and fortifications. Changes in settlement pattern, especially the appearance of forts and the emergence of structured settlement arrangements indicate an increase in the complexity of territorial administration through centralization of power and decision making. The appearance of status items and weaponry in relation to technological advancements and diversity of settlements suggests structural modifications in social organization. The rise of social complexity in the region comprised four phases of different duration and intensity of change: the Early Middle Ages phase 1 characterized by a polycentric governance scheme and base-tier settlement pattern; the Early Middle Ages phase 2 with localized manorial political arrangements and one-tier settlement pattern above the base-tier; the Early Middle Ages phase 3, region-wide multi-agent political organization that included a network of unified forts, which reinforced the one-tier settlement pattern; and the Early Middle Ages phase 4, pre-state organization with two-tier settlement pattern above the base-tier.
Single-center analysis of 109 patients (pts) with metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC): Differences in outcomes by histologic variant.

4577Background: ChRCC constitutes 5-10% of all RCC cases, and is generally associated with better prognosis including benefit from approved targeted agents (Armstrong, Lancet Onc, 2016). Presence o...
SELECTION OF A MEDIUM FOR THE ISOLATION AND ENUMERATION OF ENTEROCOCCI IN DAIRY PRODUCTS1

Ten media, commonly used for the detection and isolation of streptococci of sanitary significance in water, dairy and other food products, were compared to establish a plating medium for the enumeration of enterococci in dairy products. To make all media suitable for comparison by the agar plate method, agar was added to those media which initially were recommended for use as broths. Criteria used in selecting the medium were high recovery, selectivity but not undue inhibition of enterococci and ease in obtaining and interpreting results. The recovery data of three different platings of enterococcus cultures were statistically analyzed. In this manner, one medium was eliminated on the basis of low recovery. Six of the remaining nine media were eliminated because they permitted the growth of non-enterococcus cultures. Two of the three media then remaining were eliminated because they allowed one S. bovis culture to grow. In addition, these media showed considerable variation in size and color of enterococc...
Phases of Metabolic and Soft Tissue Changes in Months Preceding a Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Background & Aims Identifying metabolic abnormalities that occur before pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis could increase chances for early detection. We collected data on changes in metabolic parameters (glucose, serum lipids, triglycerides; total, low-density, and high-density cholesterol; and total body weight) and soft tissues (abdominal subcutaneous fat [SAT], adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue [VAT], and muscle) from patients 5 years before the received a diagnosis of PDAC. Methods We collected data from 219 patients with a diagnosis of PDAC (patients) and 657 healthy individuals (controls) from the Rochester Epidemiology Project, from 2000 through 2015. We compared metabolic profiles of patients with those of age- and sex-matched controls, constructing temporal profiles of fasting blood glucose, serum lipids including triglycerides, cholesterol profiles, and body weight and temperature for 60 months before the diagnosis of PDAC (index date). To construct the temporal profile of soft tissue changes, we collected computed tomography scans from 68 patients, comparing baseline (>18 months before diagnosis) areas of SAT, VAT, and muscle at L2/L3 vertebra with those of later scans until time of diagnosis. SAT and VAT, isolated from healthy individuals, were exposed to exosomes isolated from PDAC cell lines and analyzed by RNA sequencing. SAT was collected from KRAS+/LSLG12D P53flox/flox mice with PDACs, C57/BL6 (control) mice, and 5 patients and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results There were no significant differences in metabolic or soft tissue features of patients vs controls until 30 months before PDAC diagnosis. In the 30 to 18 months before PDAC diagnosis (phase 1, hyperglycemia), a significant proportion of patients developed hyperglycemia, compared with controls, without soft tissue changes. In the 18 to 6 months before PDAC diagnosis (phase 2, pre-cachexia), patients had significant increases in hyperglycemia and decreases in serum lipids, body weight, and SAT, with preserved VAT and muscle. In the 6 to 0 months before PDAC diagnosis (phase 3, cachexia), a significant proportion of patients had hyperglycemia compared with controls, and patients had significant reductions in all serum lipids, SAT, VAT, and muscle. We believe the patients had browning of SAT, based on increases in body temperature, starting 18 months before PDAC diagnosis. We observed expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in SAT exposed to PDAC exosomes, SAT from mice with PDACs, and SAT from all 5 patients but only 1 of 4 controls. Conclusions We identified 3 phases of metabolic and soft tissue changes that precede a diagnosis of PDAC. Loss of SAT starts 18 months before PDAC identification, and is likely due to browning. Overexpression of UCP1 in SAT might be a biomarker of early-stage PDAC, but further studies are needed.
The Place of Philosophy at the New School for Social Research

This article describes the place of philosophy at the New School for Social Research, one of the few academic institutions in the United States that specializes in continental philosophy, in particular phenomenology. The article traces the discipline’s importance for the institution from the founding of the New School in 1919, to the creation of the University in Exile in 1933, after Hitler rose to power, through the turbulent years of the late 1960s and early 1970s, when political radicals challenged the intellectual legacy represented by the few remaining refugee scholars on the faculty, and finally bringing the story up to the present day.
Keratin 19 regulates cell cycle pathway and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to CDK inhibitors

Keratin 19 (K19) belongs to the keratin family of proteins, which maintains structural integrity of epithelia. In cancer, K19 is highly expressed in several types where it serves as a diagnostic marker. Despite the positive correlation between higher expression of K19 in tumor and worse patient survival, the role of K19 in breast cancer remains unclear. Therefore, we ablated K19 expression in MCF7 breast cancer cells and found that K19 was required for cell proliferation. Transcriptome analyses of KRT19 knockout cells identified defects in cell cycle progression and levels of target genes of E2F1, a key transcriptional factor for the transition into S phase. Furthermore, proper levels of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins, including D-type cyclins critical for E2F1 activation, were dependent on K19 expression, and K19-cyclin D co-expression was observed in human breast cancer tissues. Importantly, K19 interacts with cyclin D3, and a loss of K19 resulted in decreased protein stability of cyclin D3 and sensitivity of cells towards CDK inhibitor-induced cell death. Overall, these findings reveal a novel function of K19 in the regulation of cell cycle program and suggest that K19 may be used to predict the efficacy of CDK inhibitors for treatments of breast cancer.
Seismic attribute selection for machine-learning-based facies analysis

ABSTRACTInterpreters face two main challenges in seismic facies analysis. The first challenge is to define, or “label,” the facies of interest. The second challenge is to select a suite of attribut...
Correction: Solvent-free vacuum growth of oriented HKUST-1 thin films

Correction for ‘Solvent-free vacuum growth of oriented HKUST-1 thin films’ by Sungmin Han et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 19396–19406.
Reducing risky behavior with habit reversal: A review of behavioral strategies to reduce habitual hand-to-head behavior.

Habit reversal training (HRT) has been a mainstay of behavior analysts' repertoire for nearly the last 50 years. HRT has been effective in treating a host of repetitive behavior problems. In the face of the current coronavirus pandemic, HRT has practical public health importance as a possible intervention for reducing hand-to-head behaviors that increase the risk of viral infection. The current paper provides a brief review of HRT for hand-to-head habits that is designed for a broad audience and concludes with practical suggestions, based on HRT, for reducing face-touching behaviors.
Persistent Trigger Finger Due to Tendon Subluxation

We report the case of an adult patient with persistence of triggering after A1 pulley division in the ring finger, which was caused by flexor digitorum superficialis tendon subluxation. This resolved after longitudinal flexor digitorum superficialis tendon separation.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a potentially severe anomaly that should be referred to a fetal care center with expertise in multidisciplinary evaluation and management. The pediatric radiologist plays an important role in the evaluation of CDH, both in terms of anatomical description of the anomaly and in providing detailed prognostic information for use in caring for the fetus and pregnant mother as well as planning for delivery and postnatal care. This article reviews the types of hernias, including distinguishing features and imaging clues. The most common methods of predicting severity are covered, and current fetal and postnatal therapies are explained. The author of this paper provides a handy reference for pediatric radiologists presented with a case of CDH as part of their daily practice.
The Lung Health Ambassador Program: A Community-Engagement Initiative Focusing on Pulmonary-Related Health Issues and Disparities Regarding Tobacco Use

Introduction: Educational campaigns have the potential to inform at risk populations about key issues relevant to lung health and to facilitate active engagement promoting healthy behaviors and risk prevention. We developed a community-based educational campaign called the Lung Health Ambassador Program (LHAP) with a goal of engaging youth and empowering them to be advocates for pulmonary health in their community. Objective: To evaluate the process outcomes and feasibility of the inaugural LHAP (2018–2019 academic year), with a specific aim to impact tobacco policy in the state of Maryland. Methods: Outcomes regarding feasibility included assessment of number of schools reached, number of students and healthcare professionals participating, and types of projects developed by participating students to impact modifiable risk factors for lung health. The courses for the LHAP were five 1 h sessions implemented at days and times identified by the community. The topics of the LHAP focused on lung anatomy, pulmonary diseases affecting school aged youth, tobacco use and prevalence, and air pollution (both indoor and outdoor). The fifth class discussed ways in which the students could impact lung health (e.g., policy and advocacy) and mitigate pulmonary disparities. Main Results: The LHAP was implemented at two elementary/middle schools, one high school, and two recreation centers within an urban metropolitan region. A total of 268 youths participated in the LHAP (age ranging from 11 to 18), whereby 72 (26.9%) were Hispanic/Latino and 110 (41.0%) were African American. Of the participating students, 240 wrote letters to local politicians to advocate for policies that would raise the legal age of acquiring tobacco products to 21. As for healthcare professionals, 18 academic faculty members participated in implementing the LHAP: 8 physicians and faculty staff and 10 nurses. Conclusions: The LHAP is a community-based program that provides education and training in advocacy with a goal of teaching about and, ultimately, reducing respiratory health disparities. The results from the first year demonstrate that the program is feasible, with success demonstrated in completing educational modules and engaging students. Next steps will include strategies to ensure sustainability and scalability to increase the reach of this program.
Social Reactivation of Fear Engrams Enhances Recall and Reinstatement

The power of one9s social environment to bidirectionally modulate cognitive abilities is well documented, but the processes by which social experiences impact the cellular substrates of memory remain unknown. Here we show that social interactions and exposure to ambient stimuli emitted by stressed conspecifics, but not individually experienced physical stress, enhance the recall and reinstatement of previously acquired fear memories. Activity-dependent tagging of cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus during fear learning revealed that these ensembles were endogenously reactivated during the social, but not directly stressful, experiences. These reactivated cells were revealed to be functional engrams, as optogenetic stimulation of the cells active during the social experience was sufficient to drive fear-related behaviors only in animals that had previously been fear conditioned. Our findings suggest that social encounters can reactivate pre-existing engrams and thereby strengthen discrete memories.
Multi-objective Bayesian optimization of optical glass compositions

Abstract Optical glass must satisfy multiple specifications for a given optical instrument. Machine learning has recently been applied to the development of materials. The optimization of compositions with multiple target properties has been investigated. Here, we focus on the trade-off between target properties, namely the refractive index nd and the Abbe number νd, for optical glass and apply a multi-objective Bayesian optimization algorithm called ParEGO to find glass compositions with low target property values using INTERGRAD data. In addition, we examine the effects of normalizing the target properties and descriptors on the search performance of ParEGO. The results reveal that ParEGO can effectively find compositions with low target property values and that normalization is necessary for sufficient ParEGO search performance. The normalization of target properties and descriptors may be effective for other multi-objective Bayesian optimization algorithms and materials. We also discuss how to apply the method to the actual development of optical glass.
Neuroimaging Modalities in Neuroimmunology

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a central role in the diagnostic workup and clinical management of neuroimmunological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI is highly sensitive to visualize white matter signal abnormalities on T2-weighted images, and the characteristic appearance of demyelinating lesions has become well recognized. However, MRI is not pathologically specific, and differentiating MS from other (non-MS) conditions remains a challenge in the field. This chapter reviews the role of MRI in diagnosing and monitoring MS patients over time and discusses promising MR techniques that may increase the specificity of MRI for demyelination, including central vein imaging and cortical lesion detection, to help distinguish MS from other diagnoses. We also discuss possible applications of volumetric MRI as a way to monitor patients over time, and we highlight positron emission tomography (PET) methods that have been used in MS and may further our understanding of the biology of the disease, with particular focus on PET measures of microglial activation and remyelination.
Pulmonary Histopathology Findings in Patients With STAT3 Gain of Function Syndrome.

Introduction and AimMultiorgan autoimmunity and interstitial lung disease (ILD) are reported in patients with STAT3 GOF syndrome.ResultsWe present lung histopathology findings in 3 such children, t...
Fluorine (19F) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy For Real Time Maraviroc Analysis From Microparticulate Systems

Abstract Real time analysis of pharmaceuticals in controlled release nano and microsystems remains a challenge. It is hypothesized that fluorine 19 nuclear magnetic resonance (19F qNMR) can be used for real time quantification and in vitro release of maraviroc (MVC). The release of maraviroc was analyzed in simulated body fluids from spray dried sodium alginate microspheres (MS) using the 19F qNMR method. Calibration produced a linearity curve in concentration range (0.42 mg/ml – 15 mg/ml), and the limits of detection and quantification values were 0.97 mg/ml and 2.93 mg/ml, respectively. The method was confirmed to be specific, accurate, precise, and robust (%RSE > 2%). MVC was successfully microencapsulated (18% w/w) as evidenced by the FT-IR spectra and SEM images. The MS had an average diameter of 2.522 ± 0.15 μm, with a zeta potential of – 61.31 ± 2.1 mV. Overall, the 19F qNMR method enabled a direct and real time quantification of MVC for an efficient drug release kinetics. This approach could be potentially used to quantify fluorinated drug potency, purity, and stability, and evaluate in vitro release kinetic from different formulations.
Fungal Infection and Prevention in Lung Transplant

We reviewed common fungal infections and prevention in lung transplant. We paid special attention to the impact of diagnostic and pharmacologic advances on preventative and treatment strategies. Lung transplant recipients receiving anti-mold agents appear to have a survival benefit compared to those not receiving anti-mold agents, but patients may be selected to receive medications by data not captured. Pre-emptive strategies aimed at preventing invasive mold infections may leave lung transplant patients vulnerable to invasive candidiasis in the early post-transplant period. Lung transplant recipients are susceptible to fungal infections. No uniformly accepted prophylactic strategy exists. While universal prophylaxis with systemic azole agents has gained traction, evidence is limited regarding its efficacy. Pre-emptive strategies for prevention of fungal infections have had mixed success in single-center cohorts and are limited by currently available tests to detect early infection. More studies are needed to determine the optimal preventative strategy.
The relationship between ridehailing and public transit in Chicago: A comparison before and after COVID-19

Abstract As Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) have expanded their role in U.S. cities recently, their services (i.e. ridehailing) have been subject to scrutiny for displacing public transit (PT) ridership. Previous studies have attempted to classify the relationship between transit and TNCs, though analysis has been limited by a lack of granular TNC trip records, or has been conducted at aggregated scales. This study seeks to understand the TNC-PT relationship in Chicago at a spatially and temporally granular level by analyzing detailed individual trip records. An analysis framework is developed which enables TNC trips to be classified according to their potential relationship with transit: complementary (providing access to/from transit), substitutive (replacing a transit alternative), or independent (not desirably completable by transit). This framework is applied to both regular operating conditions and to early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify the TNC-PT relationship in these two contexts. We find that complementary TNC trips make up a small fraction of trips taken (approximately 2%), while potential independent trips represent 48% to 53% and potential substitution trips represent 45% to 50%. The percentage of substitution trips drops substantially following COVID-19 shutdowns (to around 14%). This may be attributed to a reduction in work-based TNC trips from Chicago's north side, indicated by changes in spatial distributions and flattening of trips occurring during peak hours. Furthermore, using spatial regression, we find that an increased tendency of TNC trips to substitute transit is related to a lower proportion of elderly people, greater proportion of peak-period TNC travel, greater transit network availability, a higher percentage of white population, and increased crime rates. Our findings identify spatial and temporal trends in the tendency to use TNC services in place of public transit, and thus have potential policy implications for transit management, such as spatially targeted service improvements and safety measures to reduce the possibility of public transit being substituted by TNC services.
HISTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR LOCALIZATION OF ENDOTHELIAL SUPEROXIDE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE GENERATION IN PERFUSED ORGANS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes two histochemical techniques capable of revealing discrete sources of biological oxidants in perfused organs at the light or electron microscopic levels. The first is a high manganese/diaminobenzidine technique, in which superoxide oxidizes Mn 2+ to Mn 3+ , which in turn oxidizes diaminobenzidine (DAB) to form amber-colored, osmiophilic polymers, observable by light or electron microscopy. The second is a high iron/diaminobenzidine technique, in which hydrogen peroxide oxidizes diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-chelated Fe 3+ to form intermediate species, which in turn oxidize DAB similarly to Mn 3+ . Both the manganese and iron methods can readily demonstrate the appearance of reaction product on the luminal surfaces of arterial, capillary, and venular endothelial cells during the first 2 to 3 rain of reoxygenation after ischemia. The histochemical reactions are nearly absent in non-manganese- and noniron-treated controls. Superoxide dismutase strongly inhibits the Mn 2+ /DAB reaction, and catalase strongly inhibits the Fe 2+ /DAB reaction, when tested in specially perfused lung preparations in which these specific antioxidant enzymes are concentrated. These histochemical techniques can provide direct, visual evidence that a burst of reactive oxygen species is generated by isolated or cultured cells or by perfused tissues, using simple laboratory procedures available to almost any investigator at marginal cost.
RADIOPROTECTANT EFFECTS OF CU(II)(3,5-DIPS)2

Ionizing radiation of oxygenated aqueous solution is known to produce superoxide as a secondary product of radiation,1–3 Part of the cellular injuries caused by radiation can be attributed to the acute increase of superoxide. Addition of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) to the extracellular medium can significantly protect cultured cells against radiation damage.4 Adding Cu-Zn SOD to cultures of myoblasts protected them from a radiation-induced decrease in viability and altered morphology5 as well as chromosomal damage.6