cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of serum PSA on efficacy of tolterodine extended release with or without tamsulosin in men with LUTS, including OAB.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of tolterodine extended release (ER), tamsulosin, and tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin in men with symptoms of overactive bladder and benign prostatic hyperplasia stratified by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis of data from men ≥40 years old with frequency and urgency (with or without urge urinary incontinence), postvoid residual urine volume 5 mL/s, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of ≥12, and quality-of-life score of ≥3. They had been randomized to placebo, tolterodine ER (4 mg), tamsulosin (0.4 mg), or tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin for 12 weeks. The men were stratified by the median baseline PSA level (≥1.3 vs Results The PSA level correlated significantly with prostate size. Men with a PSA level of ≥1.3 ng/mL receiving tolterodine ER plus tamsulosin showed significantly greater improvements in 24-hour frequency, daytime frequency, the frequency-urgency sum, total IPSS, and IPSS storage score compared with those receiving placebo. Tamsulosin significantly improved the IPSS voiding scores, but tolterodine ER was ineffective. In men with a PSA level Conclusions The results of our study have shown that tolterodine ER was efficacious in men with lower urinary tract symptoms, including overactive bladder, who had lower PSA levels (
Flight and Seizure Motor Patterns in Drosophila Mutants: Simultaneous Acoustic and Electrophysiological Recordings of Wing Beats and Flight Muscle Activity

Abstract Tethered flies allow studies of biomechanics and electrophysiology of flight control. We performed microelectrode recordings of spikes in an indirect flight muscle (the dorsal longitudinal muscle, DLMa) coupled with acoustic analysis of wing beat frequency (WBF) via microphone signals. Simultaneous electrophysiological recording of direct and indirect flight muscles has been technically challenging; however, the WBF is thought to reflect in a one-to-one relationship with spiking activity in a subset of direct flight muscles, including muscle m1b. Therefore, our approach enables systematic mutational analysis for changes in temporal features of electrical activity of motor neurons innervating subsets of direct and indirect flight muscles. Here, we report the consequences of specific ion channel disruptions on the spiking activity of myogenic DLMs (firing at ∼5 Hz) and the corresponding WBF (∼200 Hz). We examined mutants of the genes enconding: 1) voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (cacophony, cac), 2) Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (slowpoke, slo), and 3) voltage-gated K(+) channels (Shaker, Sh) and their auxiliary subunits (Hyperkinetic, Hk and quiver, qvr). We found flight initiation in response to an air puff was severely disrupted in both cac and slo mutants. However, once initiated, slo flight was largely unaltered, whereas cac displayed disrupted DLM firing rates and WBF. Sh, Hk, and qvr mutants were able to maintain normal DLM firing rates, despite increased WBF. Notably, defects in the auxiliary subunits encoded by Hk and qvr could lead to distinct consequences, that is, disrupted DLM firing rhythmicity, not observed in Sh. Our mutant analysis of direct and indirect flight muscle activities indicates that the two motor activity patterns may be independently modified by specific ion channel mutations, and that this approach can be extended to other dipteran species and additional motor programs, such as electroconvulsive stimulation-induced seizures.
Semantic mediation and transformation services: perspectives on military application areas

Semantic technology is becoming an increasingly viable solution to interoperability problems that arise as user communities seek to interact within and across information spaces such as those that ride on the Global Information Grid (GIG).' Semantically-aware cross-domain information transformation and service mediation capabilities can be used to improve interactions between diverse Communities of Interest (COIs) and the software applications that service them. 2 This paper is not so much about the details of the technology itself, but is intended rather to focus on the operational domains in which interoperability problems and needs exist for the warfighter that are likely to benefit from the application of semantic technologies. It attempts to unveil military application areas against which technological solutions could be developed by academia, industry, and other technology experts to forge a path toward semantic interoperability and, ultimately, information superiority. 3 It then provides an overview of on-going and possible future areas of semantic technology research and development being pursued by the Air Force Research Laboratory's Information Directorate (AFRL/IF) located in Rome, NY.
Australia's New Child Support Scheme

Australia has recently enacted far reaching reforms in its system of child support. Collection will now be through a national Child Support Agency established under the Taxation Department relying mainly on a system of wage withholding. Awards will be determined by the agency on the basis of a national formula without the necessity of court action. The article describes the scheme in detail and discusses its implication for the United States.
Spontaneous fission half-lives for ground-state nuclide (Technical report)

Measurements of the spontaneous fission half-lives of nuclides of elements Z = 82 through 109 have been compiled (cutoff date of April 1998) and evaluated. Recommended values are tabulated along with total half-lives.
Obesity, insulin resistance, and pregnancy outcome

There has been a significant increase over the past few decades in the number of reproductive age women who are either overweight or obese. Overweight and obese women are at increased risk for having decreased insulin sensitivity as compared with lean or average weight women. The combination of obesity and decreased insulin sensitivity increases the long-term risk of these individuals developing the metabolic syndrome and associated problems of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disorders. Because of the metabolic alterations during normal pregnancy, particularly the 60% decrease in insulin sensitivity, overweight and obese women are at increased risk of metabolic dysregulation in pregnancy, i.e. gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and fetal overgrowth. Hence, pregnancy can be considered as a metabolic stress test for the future risk of the metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will review the underlying pathophysiology related to these disorders. Most importantly, an understanding of these risks provides an opportunity for prevention. For example, a planned pregnancy offers an opportunity to address weight control prior to conception. At the very least, by avoiding excessive weight gain during pregnancy, this may prevent excessive weight retention post partum. Finally, based on the concept of in utero programming, these lifestyle measures may not only have short- and long-term benefits for the woman but also for her offspring as well.
Metabolism of ethanol by rat hepatocytes results in generation of a lipid chemotactic factor: studies using a cell-free system and role of oxygen-derived free radicals.

Abstract We have reported that liver cells metabolizing ethanol release a lipid that has chemotactic activity for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of ethanol and of oxygen-derived free radicals in generation of this activity. A cell-free, ethanol-metabolizing system consisting of rat liver cytosol was found to generate a polar lipid which possessed a chemotactic activity identical to the activity from intact cells. The importance of acetaldehyde in this process was established by the findings that (i) an inhibitor of the metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde, 4-methylpyrazole, blocked production of the chemotactic lipid; (ii) acetaldehyde could substitute for ethanol; and (iii) cytosol alone incubated with ethanol in the absence of mitochondrial acetaldehyde metabolism generated the activity. Acetaldehyde can serve as a substrate for cytosolic oxidases in reactions that generate radicals (e.g., superoxide anion) which have been shown to attack unsaturated lipids to yield lipid hydroperoxides. When scavengers of oxygen-derived free radicals (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and dimethylsulfoxide) were added to the ethanol-metabolizing system they prevented generation of the activity. The data are consistent with a mechanism of chemotactic factor generation by ethanolmetabolizing liver cytosol in which acetaldehyde causes formation of oxygen-derived free radicals that attack unsaturated cytosolic lipid to generate a polar chemotactic compound.
Spine metastases: Current treatments and future directions

Spinal metastases are the most frequently encountered spinal tumour and can affect up to 50% of cancer patients. Both the incidence and prevalence of metastases are thought to be rising due to better detection and treatment options of the systemic malignancy resulting in increased patient survival. Further, the development and access to newer imaging modalities have resulted in easier screening and diagnosis of spine metastases. Current evidence suggests that pain, neurological symptoms and quality of life are all improved if patients with spine metastases are treated early and aggressively. However, selection of the appropriate therapy depends on several factors including primary histology, extent of the systemic disease, existing co-morbidities, prior treatment modalities, patient age and performance status, predicted life expectancy and available resources. This article reviews the currently available therapeutic options for spinal metastases including conventional external beam radiation therapy, open surgical decompression and stabilisation, vertebral augmentation and other minimally invasive surgery (MIS) options, stereotactic spine radiosurgery, bisphosphonates, systemic radioisotopes and chemotherapy. An algorithm for the management of spine metastases is also proposed. It outlines a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to these patients and it is hoped that this along with future advances and research will result in improved patient care and outcomes.
Trends in PCI volume after negative results from the COURAGE trial.

ObjectiveTo describe trends in the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following the COURAGE trial, which found that medical therapy is as effective as PCI for patients with stable angina. Data SourcesWe used the National Hospital Discharge Survey; inpatient and outpatient discharge data from Florida, Maryland, and New Jersey; and the English Hospital Episode Statistics database. Study DesignWe report trends in PCI volume by diagnosis (stable angina vs. unstable angina or AMI) before and after publication of the COURAGE trial. Principal FindingsThe number of PCIs in patients without a diagnosis of AMI or unstable angina in Florida, Maryland, and New Jersey declined from 48,000 in 2006 to 40,000 in 2008 (−17 percent). There was no change in the number of PCIs in patients with a diagnosis of AMI. We observed similar patterns in U.S. community hospitals. PCI volume did not decline in England. ConclusionsPCI volume declined after publication of the COURAGE trial. The experience of the COURAGE trial suggests that comparative effectiveness research can lead to cost-saving changes in medical practice patterns. However, there are many patients with stable coronary disease who continue to receive PCI post-COURAGE.
Gene replacement of adenylate kinase in the gram-positive thermophile Geobacillus stearothermophilus disrupts adenine nucleotide homeostasis and reduces cell viability

Thermophilic bacteria are of great value for industry and research communities. Unfortunately, the cellular processes and mechanisms of these organisms remain largely understudied. In the present study, we investigate how the inactivation of adenylate kinase (AK) affects the adenine nucleotide homeostasis of a gram-positive moderate thermophile, Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain NUB3621-R. AK plays a major role in the adenine nucleotide homeostasis of living cells and has been shown to be essential for the gram-negative mesophile Escherichia coli. To study the role of AK in the maintenance of adenylate energy charge (EC) and cell viability of G. stearothermophilus, we generated a recombinant strain of this organism in which its endogenous gene coding for the essential protein adenylate kinase (AK) has been replaced with the adk gene from the mesophile Bacillus subtilis. PCR, DNA sequencing and Southern analysis were performed to confirm proper gene replacement and preservation of neighboring genes. The highest growing temperature for recombinant cells was almost 20 degrees C lower than for wild-type cells (56 vs. 75 degrees C). This temperature-sensitive phenotype was secondary to heat inactivation of B. subtilis AK, as evidenced by enzyme activity assays and EC measurements. At higher temperatures (65 degrees C), recombinant cells also had lower EC values (0.09) compared to wild-type cells (0.45), which reflects a disruption of adenine nucleotide homeostasis following AK inactivation.
Myoepithelioma of the palate in a child.

Summary Salivary gland myoepitheliomas are rare tumors accounting for less than 1% of neoplasms of the salivary glands. We report a myoepithelioma arising in the palate of an 8-year-old female, the youngest case in the literature. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies support the myoepithelial origin of this tumor.
The formation of olefins and alkynes from the reaction of hydroxyl radical and carbonaceous material

Using model systems and laser photolysis techniques, we have examined the mechanism of interaction of hydroxyl radicals with carbonaceous materials. The formation of ppb-level concentrations of methane, ethylene, acetylene, and propylene (prop-1-ene) was observed from interaction of ArF laser-generated hydroxyl radicals with activated carbon pellets in the temperature range of 200–500 °C. A maximum in the formation of olefins and acetylene is observed at 430–450 °C. A mechanism involving surface epoxide formation is postulated. These results support earlier hypotheses regarding the role of combustion generated hydroxyl radicals and light hydrocarbons in the catalytic formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/F) by the so-called “fast”de novo and extended precursor mechanisms.
Effect of ‘Amino-acid Imbalance’ on Growth and Vitamin A Storage in the White Rat

IN the course of the studies concerning the interrelationship of leucine and norleucine1,2,3 it was observed that rats fed low protein diets supplemented with norleucine or norleucine and leucine were retarded. When the animals were killed and their livers analyzed for vitamin A content, it was found that these animals invariably stored a lower amount of vitamin A when compared with the control group of animals (Table 1). In view of the fact that the inhibition of growth was always associated with a depressed appetite, it was of considerable interest to determine whether the low liver vitamin A values were a consequence of the reduced food intake and thus low vitamin A consumption or whether they resulted from apparent ‘amino-acid imbalance’. In order to determine this a study was made in which the vitamin A intake was controlled.
Toward Evaluation of Heat Fluxes in the Convective Boundary Layer

Abstract This article demonstrates that vertical profiles of the heat flux in the convective boundary layer can be diagnosed through an integration over height of the time change rates of observed potential temperature profiles. Moreover, the basic characteristics of the convective boundary layer, such as the mixed-layer height zi, the depth of the interfacial (entrainment) layer, and the beat flux zero-crossing height h0 can be uniquely evaluated based on a time evolution of potential temperature profiles in the lower atmosphere.
Method and phenomenological research: humility and commitment in interpretation

Hans-Georg Gadamer wrote a book titled Truth and Method. Reviewers were quick to point out that the book was much ado about truth, but little ado about method. There is, of course, a sense in which the reviewers were correct in their assessments. Yet, it is important to place Gadamer's "neglect" of method or as may be more precisely the case, Gadamer's "polemic against" method into its proper context. Gadamer was respond? ing to the modernist proclivity to privilege methodological constructs, procedural rules, and criteria legislated in advance of the process of inquiry. Gadamer saw, and quite correctly we think, that such an excessive preoc? cupation with methodological rules and criteriological postulates was an invitation to methodolatry. Previous correctives to the glorification of method had already been proposed. One is reminded, for example, of Hermann Lotze's celebrated one-liner: "The constant sharpening of the knife becomes tedious if one has nothing to cut." Husserl's well-known dictum, "To the data themselves!", provides a similar directive. Suspend your methodological preconceptions, your obsession with rules, your criteriological postulates, and permit the data to speak for themselves. Do not let the method prejudge the data/the issues/the Sache under investigation. Let us call this the phenomenological
NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF FIBER OPTICS

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the development of components for wideband optical communication, using glass fibers as the transmission medium. 1,2 The most dramatic advance has been in the loss in the fibers themselves, which has dropped from a minimum of about 1000 dB/km prior to 1970 to 0.5 dB/km today.3 Similarly, research in the field of integrated optics has led to the development of miniaturized, single-mode components for use with laser sources. Generation, modulation, directional coupling, switching, and detection of light are functions which have already been demonstrated with integrated optics devices. 4–6 Improvements in bandwidth, switching and multiplexing capability, size, and reliability for fiber communications systems could result from these efforts.
No Resting Place African American Women at the Crossroads of Violence

Seeking safe places after leaving abusive relationships is often an intricate process for African American women. Survivor-victims of gender violence frequently experience ongoing trauma because of race, ethnicity, class, sexual orientation, and other stigmatizing social identities. All too often, women of color must handle leaving the gender violence simultaneously with the ongoing threat of cultural violence. The intersection of gender and cultural violence (e.g., racism, discrimination) complicate African American women's ability to obtain and sustain safe environments. These intersections are critical crossroads in African American women's lives. The results of this womanist and Black feminist study are presented in an alternative way to highlight the primacy of respondents' voices. In addition, suggestions to inform the practice of research with African American women are included.
Study of A Direct Measuring Skin Friction Gage with Rubber Compounds for Damping

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v NOMENCLATURE viii LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF TABLES xii
Graphical-model-based morphometric analysis

We propose a novel method for voxel-based morphometry (VBM), which we call graphical-model-based morphometric analysis (GAMMA), to identify morphological abnormalities automatically, and to find complex probabilistic associations among voxels in magnetic-resonance images and clinical variables. GAMMA is a fully automatic, nonparametric morphometric-analysis algorithm, with high sensitivity and specificity. It uses a Bayesian network to represent the associations among voxels and the function variable, and uses a contextual-clustering method based on a Markov random field to find clusters in which all voxels have similar associations with the function variable. We use loopy belief propagation to infer the unobserved label field and belief map. As opposed to voxel-based morphometric methods based on general linear models, GAMMA is capable of identifying nonlinear associations among the function variable and voxels. Compared with our previous approach, a Bayesian morphometry algorithm, GAMMA has greater sensitivity, specificity, and computational efficiency.
Further Studies of Sodium Transport in Feline Red Cells

The transport of radioactive sodium in high sodium cat red blood cells has been studied under various experimental conditions. It was found that iodoacetate (IAA) and iodoacetamide (IAM) inhibit Na influx by 50% whereas NaF has no effect. Reversible dyes, such as methylene blue (Mb), also inhibit this influx by 60%. Both IAA and Mb effects show a lag period of about 40 min. Cell starvation abolishes the volume-dependent Na influx which is generally observed in these cells. IAA reduces significantly the volume-dependent Na influx but does not inhibit it completely. 5 mM magnesium chloride produces a twofold increase in Na influx. On the other hand, MgCl2 has no effect on Na transport in human red cells or on potassium or sulfate transport in cat red cells. The effect of MgCl2 is quite rapid and does not interfere with the volume-dependent Na influx. This effect is abolished in starved cells. Reincubation of previously stored cells in buffered solutions containing glucose and MgCl2 causes more than one order of magnitude increase in Na influx. These several observations are discussed in terms of the possibility of a link between Na transport and Na-Mg-activated ATPase.
Automated kappa and lambda light chain mRNA expression for the assessment of B-cell clonality in cutaneous B-cell infiltrates: its utility and diagnostic application.

INTRODUCTION Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (1 degrees CBCL) accounts for 25% of all lymphomas. The difficulty in distinction of reactive from neoplastic B-cell infiltrates prompts the use of molecular diagnostic adjuncts. While T-cell clonality can be seen in various reactive states, clonal B-cell infiltrates are often neoplastic; standard assays employed include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Southern blot analysis to assess heavy chain rearrangement. We sought to assess the utility of kappa (kappa) and lambda (lambda) mRNA expression using the Ventana automated assay (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ, USA) in the analysis of atypical cutaneous B-cell lymphoid infiltrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiple 4 micro m sections of paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed skin biopsies from 31 patients with CBCL were placed on silane-coated slides, deparaffinized, then digested in pepsin (5 mg/ml) for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Fluorescein-tagged oligoprobes and tissue mRNA were denatured at 80 degrees C for 5 min, hybridized for 2 h at 37 degrees C, and incubated with antifluorescein alkaline phosphatase conjugates. Detection of the probe target complex employed nitroblue tetrazolium and bromochloroindolyl phosphate conjugates with a nuclear fast red counterstain. A kappa : lambda ratio > 3 : 1 was held to represent kappa light chain restriction and a kappa : lambda ratio </= 1 : 1 to indicate lambda light chain restriction. RESULTS The diagnosis in each case was determined by careful integration of clinical, histologic, and phenotypic data. The diagnoses included: pseudolymphoma (PL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), 1 degrees CBCL of the trunk, scalp or leg, 2 degrees lymphoma, and plasma cell dyscrasia. All but one case of lymphoma were light chain restricted. All cases of PL were proven to be polyclonal by this methodology. In non-plasmacytic small cell lymphomas, only 5-10% of the infiltrate expressed kappa or lambda, with clonality established through the abnormal kappa : lambda ratio. Interpretations were most difficult in the 2 degrees small cell-dominant follicular center cell lymphomas and easiest in cases with significant plasmacytic differentiation (i.e. MZL, immunocytomas, or plasma cell dyscrasias). CONCLUSION The Ventana kappa/lambda assay is a reliable, quick, and inexpensive way to determine B-cell clonality in cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates in paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue.
A unified treatment of general fluid thermodynamics and its application to a preconditioning scheme

A unified treatment of general fluid thermodynamics is developed to handle fluid flows over their entire thermodynamic states. The analysis is based on the concepts of partial-mass and partial-density properties, and accommodates thermodynamic non-idealities and transport anomalies in the transcritical regime. The resultant routine is incorporated into a preconditioning scheme. All the thermophysical properties and numerical Jacobian matrices are derived directly from fundamental thermodynamic theories, rendering a robust algorithm valid for fluid flows at all speeds and at all thermodynamic states. As a specific example, a modified Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state is employed to obtain the fluid p-V-T properties. Several test cases concerning supercritical droplet vaporization in both quiescent and convective environments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present algorithm.
Sensorless control of SRM at standstill

A method for the sensorless control of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) at standstill is presented in this paper. At standstill, each SRM phase is excited in sequence with a narrow voltage pulse. The most suitable phase to be excited first for starting the SRM can be detected by comparing the amplitudes of the resultant phase currents. Other sensorless control techniques, such as AM method, can be adopted to control the SRM during running conditions. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the proposed method.
Silver stain for proteins in polyacrylamide gels: A modified procedure with enhanced uniform sensitivity

The rapid, ultrasensitive silver stains that have been developed recently for detecting proteins in polyacrylamide gels show variation in staining from gel to gel and do not stain certain proteins at all. It was found that treatment of gels with dithiothreitol prior to impregnation with silver nitrate results in more reproducible staining patterns that are also qualitatively similar to those obtained with Coomassie blue. In addition, it obviates the need for treatment with intense light, and results in sensitivities at least as high as those obtained with previously published methods.
Ultraviolet blood irradiation therapy (Knott technic) in acute pyogenic infections

Abstract 1. 1. A method of irradiating human blood, originally devised and recently modified by Knott, is described. This consists of withdrawing and citrating a predetermined amount of a patient's venous blood and immediately returning it intravenously through a closed system containing a Knott irradiation chamber at which point intense ultraviolet irradiation is applied. 2. 2. The amount of blood used (predetermined according to approximate body weight), the time of exposure (optimally ten to twelve seconds in the treatment of acute pyogenic infections), and the wave-lengths and intensity of the spectral energy used form the basis for estimating and maintaining a relatively constant dosage. 3. 3. A report of 151 cases of acute pyogenic infection treated at Hahnemann Hospital over a period of three years is given; the clinical response has been consistently excellent. 4. 4. A rapid subsidence of toxic symptoms with subsequent recovery in all of the early cases, all but one of the moderately advanced cases, and in some of the apparently moribund cases of acute pyogenic infection was found to occur. Other beneficial physiological effects, e.g., bactericidal effect, vasodilation, venous oxygen increase, were observed to occur following this therapy. 5. 5. As yet, no case of acute pyogenic infection uncomplicated by septicemia, after receiving ultraviolet blood irradiation therapy according to the Knott technic, has progressed to a septicemia.
Analysis of Nitroso-Proteomes in Normotensive and Severe Preeclamptic Human Placentas

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in placental biology, and placental dysfunction is the main pathogenesis pathway for preeclampsia, yet the direct placental targets of NO actions have not been determined. Covalent adduction of an NO moiety to cysteines, termed S-nitrosylation (SNO), is emerging as a key route by which NO can directly modulate protein functions. This study was conducted to analyze global S-nitroso (SNO)-proteins in human placentas and to determine if their levels differ in normotensive versus severe preeclamptic placentas. Although total nitrite/nitrate increased, total levels of SNO-proteins and nitrosylated forms of endothelial NO synthase and heat shock protein 90 were decreased by preeclampsia. We further compared normotensive and preeclamptic placental nitroso-proteomes (total SNO-protein profiles) by using a biotin and CyDye switch test combined with two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and identified SNO-proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Numerous SNO-proteins were displayed as spots on 2D-DIGE gels. One hundred spots of interest were excised; 46 spots were identified, of which 8 spots were novel SNO-proteins; levels of 15 spots were increased, and 6 spots were decreased, and the rest were unchanged by preeclampsia. Pathway analysis suggested that placental SNO-proteins are involved in regulating various cellular functions including protein synthesis, cell movement and metabolism, cell signaling, and other functions. These data therefore show for the first time that SNO is a crucial mechanism by which NO directly regulates placental proteins linked to various biological pathways. The significantly altered placental nitroso-proteome in preeclampsia suggests that SNO plays a role in the placental pathophysiology in preeclampsia.
Combinatorics of NMR and ESR spectroscopy of C60H36 isomers

Abstract We have considered combinatorial and group theoretical analysis of three recently synthesized isomers of C 60 H 36 . We have obtained the generating functions for nuclear spin species of the protons and 13 C nuclei, and special cases of those functions yield the NMR spectral patterns. Our NMR results for three isomers with C 1 , C 3 and T symmetries agree with experiment. We have also predicted the ESR hyperfine patterns of radicals derived from the three isomers. Complete tables of nuclear spin species of these isomers have been obtained.
Transient Thermal Stress Behavior in ZrO2-Toughened Al2O3

The initial strength of (σi) and thermal shock resistances (ΔTc and σr/σi), as determined by quench tests, of Al2O3-ZrO2 composites are increased by increasing amounts of tetragonal ZrO2 second phase for contents of up to ∼15 vol%. For composites with ≤9 vol% ZrO2 the increases in σr and ΔTc reflect the increase in γIC with addition of ZrO2 However, for ZrO2contents >9 vol%, the thermal shock resistances (ΔTc and σr/σi) and σi are also affected by machining-induced microcracking in the surface of the samples. For ZrO2 contents >14 vol%, bulk microcracking can become extensive and result in a degradation of σi and ΔTc.
Halogenated anthraquinones from the rare southern Illinois lichen Lasallia Papulosa

: Four anthraquinones were isolated from the foliose lichen, Lasallia papulosa (Ach.) Llano. Two of the anthraquinones are known compounds, previously isolated from Lasallia papulosa, while the other two were reported previously as secondary metabolites from laboratory-cultured Nephroma laevigatum, and are isolated here for the first time from lichens in their natural habitat. All compounds were characterized by UV spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The products were identified as 7-chloroemodin, valsarin (7-chloro-5-hydroxyemodin), 5-chloro-1- O -methylemodin and 5-chloro-1- O -methyl-ω-hydroxyemodin.
Beyond quadtrees: Cell decompositions for path planning using wavelet transforms

Path planning techniques based on hierarchical multiresolution cell decompositions are suitable for online implementation due to their simplicity and speed of implementation. We present an efficient multiresolution cell decomposition scheme based on the Haar wavelet transform. The decomposition approximates the environment using high resolution close to the agent and coarse resolution elsewhere. We demonstrate an algorithm to extract the adjacency and transition cost relations of the cells directly from the wavelet transform coefficients.
Morphology of the crustose coralline alga Pseudolithophyllum muricatum (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) responds to 30 years of ocean acidification in the Northeast Pacific.

As the process of ocean acidification alters seawater carbon chemistry, physiological processes such as skeletal accretion are expected to become more difficult for calcifying organisms. The crustose coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) form an important guild of calcifying primary producers in the temperate Northeast Pacific. The morphology of important ecological traits, namely, skeletal density and thallus thickness near the growing edge, was evaluated in Pseudolithophyllum muricatum (Foslie) Steneck & R.T. Paine, the competitively dominant alga within this guild. P. muricatum shows a morphological response to increased ocean acidification in the temperate Northeast Pacific. Comparing historical (1981-1997) and modern (2012) samples from the field, crust thickness near the growing edge was approximately half as thick in modern samples compared with historical samples, while crust calcite density showed no significant change between the two sample groups. Morphological changes at the growing edge have important consequences for mediating competitive interactions within this guild of algae, and may affect the role of crustose coralline algal beds as hosts to infaunal communities and facilitators of recruitment in many invertebrate and macroalgal species.
A Study of Sports Crowd Behavior: The Case of the Great Pumpkin Incident:

Disagreement on which theory of collective behavior best predicts or explains how crowd processes work prompted this case study. By closely examining, through participant observation, the unfolding of one episode of nonviolent collective behavior at a professional football game, four frequently applied theories of collective behavior are tested for their utility in sports crowd situations. Each theory is assessed for strengths and weaknesses. Findings show contagion theory, convergence theory, emergent norm theory, and value-added theory all valuable in explaining some facets of observed spectator behavior; therefore a synthesis of theories might prove more useful than applying theories separately. A methodological problem emerged during evaluation, concerning difficulty in distinguishing among the indicators for each theory. Several overlapping theoretical concepts confounded attempts to operationalize unique empirical measures and hence, to compare the theories satisfactorily. Further research is needed...
Broadband Reduced Surface Wave Antennas

Two new types of reduced-surface wave (RSW) antennas that have minimum surface-wave excitation and radiation at the horizon are introduced. These new designs have significantly larger bandwidths than previous designs, while still maintaining low horizon radiation. One proposed design is a cavity-backed slot design (Fig. 1). Another variation is the "fence" design (Fig. 2), consisting of an RSW antenna surrounded by a vertical conducting fence. Numerical results are obtained to verify the design principle.
Implementation of ramp control in RHIC

After the injection of beam into RHIC the beam energy is ramped from 10.8 GeV/u to 108 GeV/u and the beta function of the interaction points is reduced from 10 meters to 1 meter. The set points for magnet power supplies and RF cavities is changed during such ramps in concert. A system of Wave Form Generators (WFGs), interconnected by a Real Time Data Link (RTDL) and Event Link is used to control these devices. RHIC ramps use a two level system of WFGs: one transmits the beam energy and a "pseudo time" variable as functions of time via RTDL. The other calculates the device set points as functions of these RTDL variables. Energy scaling, saturation correction and the wiring of interaction region quadrupoles is performed on the second level. This report describes the configuration and implementation of the software, firmware and hardware of the RHIC ramp system.
Gender, Race, and Nationality in the Making of Mexican Migrant Labor in the United States

Gender ideologies and race and nationality among employers and employees are important in reproducing migrant Mexican workers' status in a segmented U.S. labor market. A survey of 110 employers combined with interviews shows how gender, race, and nationality are reproduced within and outside of the workplace. Employers prefer Mexican workers because of what they feel is a stronger work ethic among recent immigrants, but these preferences are influenced by preexisting ideas about native-born and black workers. Immigrant men are seen as “providers” while Mexican women are seen as good, docile workers except when they have “domestic” issues such as families.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Rev and Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Rex Function, but Not Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Constitutive Transport Element Activity, by a Mutant Human Nucleoporin Targeted to Crm1

The hypothesis that the cellular protein Crm1 mediates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev-dependent nuclear export posits that Crm1 can directly interact both with the Rev nuclear export signal (NES) and with cellular nucleoporins. Here, we demonstrate that Crm1 is indeed able to interact with active but not defective forms of the HIV-1 Rev NES and of NESs found in other retroviral nuclear export factors. In addition, we demonstrate that Crm1 can bind the Rev NES when Rev is assembled onto the Rev response element RNA target and that Crm1, like Rev, is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein. Crm1 also specifically binds the Rev NES in vitro, although this latter interaction is detectable only in the presence of added Ran · GTP. Overexpression of a truncated, defective form of the nucleoporin Nup214/CAN, termed ΔCAN, that retains Crm1 binding ability resulted in the effective inhibition of HIV-1 Rev or human T-cell leukemia virus Rex-dependent gene expression. In contrast, ΔCAN had no significant affect on Mason-Pfizer monkey virus constitutive transport element (MPMV CTE)-dependent nuclear RNA export or on the expression of RNAs dependent on the cellular mRNA export pathway. As a result, ΔCAN specifically blocked late, but not early, HIV-1 gene expression in HIV-1-infected cells. These data strongly validate Crm1 as a cellular cofactor for HIV-1 Rev and demonstrate that the MPMV CTE nuclear RNA export pathway uses a distinct, Crm1-independent mechanism. In addition, these data identify a novel and highly potent inhibitor of leucine-rich NES-dependent nuclear export.
Telecommuting: problems associated with communications technologies and their capabilities

Recent advances in information and communications technologies have permitted new flexibility in work arrangements. The number of people who either work from their home or take work home from their job is increasing. This evolution has led to a different set of needs at the person's residence than is traditionally required by the residential market. This paper presents an empirical study, based on 375 responses, to clarify: (1) the small business and residential market communications needs and problems; (2) the new communications technologies potential to fill those modern needs; and (3) the impact of the communications needs and problems on the telecommuters effectiveness. The implication of the findings from this study for the technologies providers, managers, university community, and researchers are discussed in detail.
Laser spectroscopy of CaNC and SrNC

Abstract Low-resolution laser excitation and dispersed laser-induced fluorescence spectra of CaNC and SrNC were recorded. The laser excitation spectra of the B 2 Σ + − X 2 Σ + and A 2 Π− X 2 Σ + transitions of SrNC are consistent with a linear,isocyanide structure. For both CaNC and SrNC, additional strong, non-resonant features occur to the red of the B 2 Σ + − X 2 Σ + and A 2 Π− X 2 Σ + transitions in the dispersed fluorescence spectra. Although these features remain unassigned, they might be due to emission from the isomeric,linear cyanides, CaCN and SrCN. In this case, the excited state potential curves need to have a small barrier between the cyanide and the isocyanide forms.
High-Frequency Ground-Motion Scaling in the Pacific Northwest and in Northern and Central California

Abstract Large data sets of vertical and horizontal seismograms from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, Northern California Seismic Network, and Berkeley Digital Seismic Network are used to study the high-frequency (0.25–16 Hz) ground-motion scaling characteristics in Washington–Oregon, northern California (39° N to 42° N and 119° W to 124° W), and central California (35° N to 39° N and 118° W to 123° W). We used peak filtered ground velocities to characterize the propagation, excitation, and site terms. The regression results for propagation were modeled using a geometrical spreading function, g ( r ), and a frequency-dependent attenuation, Q ( f )= Q 0 f η . For the Pacific Northwest, the best Q model that fits the observation is expressed by Q ( f )=280 f 0.55 . The eastern central California and western central California results are parameterized with Q ( f )=280 f 0.50 and Q ( f )=240 f 0.35 , respectively. The northern California results are not easy to model and require using a frequency-dependent η and a frequency-dependent geometrical spreading. The geometrical spreading effect for the frequencies higher than 5 Hz is very strong in that region. The excitation terms for the small events studied were modeled using a Brune’s source model. An average stress drop of 30 bars was obtained for the Pacific Northwest. The northern California average value for stress drop is 90 bars. The observations of eastern central California were modeled with a stress drop of 49 bars, while the best fit for the western part required Δσ =80 bars. The range of the values obtained for Q , g ( r ), and Δσ indicates that the ground-motion parameters for one region should not be used for another. As an example, our results show that the ground-motion amplitude due to an M w 5.0 earthquake at a distance of 50 km is different by a factor of 1.5 between the Pacific Northwest and eastern central California.
A pediatric case of painful legs and moving toes syndrome.

An 11-year-old girl presented with abnormal movements of her toes and feet. She had involuntary flexion, extension and adduction, abduction movements of her toes, and involuntary dorsiflexion of her feet (Figure and Video; supplementary material associated with this article can be found in the online version at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. pediatrneurol.2013.06.016). The movements occurred at rest and could not be voluntarily suppressed. The movements started a year before presentation in her left foot and gradually involved both feet. She also described simultaneous onset of cramping pain around her buttocks and thighs. It was nonradiating and worsened when she lay down. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain and spine revealed an incidental syrinx at the C7 level and a lipoma at the filum terminale. Nerve conduction studies, electromyography, cerebrospinal fluid studies, and a dystonia genetic testing panel were unremarkable. An initial trial of clonazepam was unsuccessful. Subsequently, a trial of gabapentin with dose-titration resulted in a good pain control and improvement of the abnormal movements. At last follow-up, she had minimal symptoms.
Caring for Children with Autism in the School Setting.

Children with autism present unique challenges related to communication, behavior, and social skills. Each child with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibits individual characteristics of the disorder. Early identification of autistic spectrum disorder has been shown to improve the child's benefit from educational interventions. There may be health issues related to autism including seizure disorders and dietary restrictions. Students with autism need special consideration when they come to the health office for screening, assessment of injuries, or administration of medication. Collaboration between educators and school nurses is needed to develop and implement Individual Education Plans and Individual Healthcare Plans. Community resources provide valuable assistance to families of children with this challenging disorder.
Physiological basis for the differential tolerance of Glycine max to sulfentrazone during seed germination

Abstract Glycine max cultivars exhibit differential tolerance to soil-applied sulfentrazone. The intent of this study was to determine the physiological basis for this differential tolerance by evaluating sulfentrazone absorption and metabolism during the earliest stages of G. max development (i.e., germinating seeds, and germinal seedlings). Imbibed seeds (24 h) of the sulfentrazone-tolerant cultivar ‘Stonewall’ absorbed 37% less sulfentrazone than the sulfentrazone-sensitive cultivar ‘Asgrow 6785’. Similarly, germinal seedlings (i.e., 60 h from start of imbibition) of the sulfentrazone-tolerant cultivars Stonewall and ‘Pioneer 9593’ absorbed 22% less sulfentrazone than the sulfentrazone-sensitive cultivars Asgrow 6785 and ‘Carver’ when exposed to sulfentrazone-containing solution for either 24 or 48 h. The amount of root-absorbed 14C-sulfentrazone that was translocated into cotyledon or hypocotyl tissues did not exceed 11% of the amount absorbed and was similar for all four cultivars. Sulfentrazone meta...
Molecular Dynamics Study of Nanoparticle Collision with a Surface - Implication to Nanoparticle Filtration

Collision dynamics of nanoparticles with a surface was studied by classical molecular dynamics simulations. Silver, nickel and silica were selected as the particle materials, and silver as the surface material. Particle sizes ranged approximately from 0.5 to 2 nm. The results indicate that particles with thermal energy at room temperature do not bounce off a surface, even when a very weak interaction potential between the particles and the surface is assumed. The loss mechanisms of the center-of-mass energy of nanoparticles colliding with a surface were also investigated. The findings indicate that energy losses to the surface and the rotational degree of freedom are important. The loss to the surface is significant when a harder particle hits a softer surface. This is because the center-of-mass energy is mainly transferred to the surface as elastic energy, and the energy is not effectively transferred back to the particle. Non-spherical silica particles were found to lose more energy than the other types of particles. This phenomenon is due to a large energy transfer to the rotational degree of the freedom upon collision.
Serum Magnesium Concentration in Schizophrenia and Epilepsy

Serum magnesium concentration values were determined on groups of normal, schizophrenic, and epileptic patients. The magnesium levels in all the groups were essentially identical and no single value was outside the limits of normal as defined by the mean ± 3 S.D.
Sexuality: ancient Near East (except Egypt)

AbstractThis entry considers the sexual lives of residents of the ancient Near East (third through first millennia Mesopotamia, Levant, and Turkey). It focuses on the range of their sexual practices (e.g., genital and anal sex), notions of gender and fertility, problems with sexuality (infertility and impotence), and sexual misconduct (e.g., rape). Keywords: adultery; fertility; infertility; prostitution; rape