cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Location identification for indoor instantaneous point contaminant source by probability-based inverse Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling.

UNLABELLED Indoor pollutions jeopardize human health and welfare and may even cause serious morbidity and mortality under extreme conditions. To effectively control and improve indoor environment quality requires immediate interpretation of pollutant sensor readings and accurate identification of indoor pollution history and source characteristics (e.g. source location and release time). This procedure is complicated by non-uniform and dynamic contaminant indoor dispersion behaviors as well as diverse sensor network distributions. This paper introduces a probability concept based inverse modeling method that is able to identify the source location for an instantaneous point source placed in an enclosed environment with known source release time. The study presents the mathematical models that address three different sensing scenarios: sensors without concentration readings, sensors with spatial concentration readings, and sensors with temporal concentration readings. The paper demonstrates the inverse modeling method and algorithm with two case studies: air pollution in an office space and in an aircraft cabin. The predictions were successfully verified against the forward simulation settings, indicating good capability of the method in finding indoor pollutant sources. The research lays a solid ground for further study of the method for more complicated indoor contamination problems. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The method developed can help track indoor contaminant source location with limited sensor outputs. This will ensure an effective and prompt execution of building control strategies and thus achieve a healthy and safe indoor environment. The method can also assist the design of optimal sensor networks.
Importance of Evidence Grading for Guideline Implementation: The Example of Asthma

The goal of evidence-based clinical guidelines is to improve the value of health care by recommending treatments with favorable benefit/harm ratios. Achieving this goal requires use of evidence-grading systems that explicitly address strength of evidence in terms of external validity (generalizability), internal validity, and patient-oriented outcomes. To be clinically useful, guidelines should also incorporate patient preferences, particularly when evidence is weak. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recently published Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (EPR-3). This special report addresses the extent to which current guidelines adhere to the principles enunciated above by using EPR-3 as the prime example. EPR-3 used an unconventional evidence-grading system that emphasized precision and consistency (statistical significance, large sample sizes, and/or consistency of results) at the expense of patient-oriented outcomes and generalizability (applicability to the general population). EPR-3 did not report information on numbers needed to treat or numbers needed to harm, which are useful in eliciting patient preferences via shared decision making. Asthma guidelines (and others) are limited by lack of a generalizable research base, flawed evidence grading, and lack of attention to patient preferences. An evidence-grading system based on applicable populations, patient-oriented outcomes, and shared decision making might improve physician and patient guideline adherence and improve asthma outcomes.
D1 receptors modulate glutamate transmission in the ventral tegmental area

Perfusion of the D1 agonist, SKF-82958, through a microdialysis probe implanted in the ventral tegmental area produced a dose-dependent increase in extracellular glutamate and GABA. The increase in extracellular glutamate occurred at approximately 30x lower dose than the elevation in GABA. The increase in extracellular glutamate by SKF- 82958 was blocked by coperfusion of the D1 antagonist, SCH-23390, and was not mimicked by perfusion of the D2/3 agonist, quinpirole, into the ventral tegmental area. In contrast, the elevation in extracellular GABA was insensitive to blockade by SCH-23390. Systemic administration of cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a rapid elevation in extracellular glutamate lasting for 20 min that was prevented by pretreating the ventral tegmental area with SCH-23390. In contrast, acute cocaine produced a reduction in extracellular GABA content in the ventral tegmental area that was not affected by SCH-23390. These data indicate that the stimulation of D1 receptors in the ventral tegmental area increases the release of glutamate and that increasing extracellular levels of somatodendritic dopamine by systemic cocaine can mimic this effect.
Making the Transition to Sustainability: Marshaling the Contributions of the Many

Place- and community-based education is an approach to teaching and learning that focuses on the incorporation of local knowledge, issues, and actions into students’ school experiences. It does not seek to substitute the local for information about national or international issues, but emphasizes the importance of beginning an exploration of sustainability with children’s and youth’s direct experience of the world. At the core of this approach is a belief that young people will be more likely to care about the social and natural environments that support them if they have had a chance to connect to their own places in a regular and personal way and to become involved in activities that demonstrate their capacity to generate positive change.
The fission yeast cytokinetic contractile ring regulates septum shape and closure

During cytokinesis, fission yeast and other fungi and bacteria grow a septum that divides the cell in two. In fission yeast closure of the circular septum hole by the β-glucan synthases (Bgs) and other glucan synthases in the plasma membrane is tightly coupled to constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring attached to the membrane. It is unknown how septum growth is coordinated over scales of several microns to maintain septum circularity. Here, we documented the shapes of ingrowing septum edges by measuring the roughness of the edges, a measure of the deviation from circularity. The roughness was small, with spatial correlations indicative of spatially coordinated growth. We hypothesized that Bgs-mediated septum growth is mechanosensitive and coupled to contractile ring tension. A mathematical model showed that ring tension then generates almost circular septum edges by adjusting growth rates in a curvature-dependent fashion. The model reproduced experimental roughness statistics and showed that septum synthesis sets the mean closure rate. Our results suggest that the fission yeast cytokinetic ring tension does not set the constriction rate but regulates septum closure by suppressing roughness produced by inherently stochastic molecular growth processes.
A Quadratic Programming Approach to Quasi-Static Whole-Body Manipulation

This paper introduces a local motion planning method for robotic systems with manipulating limbs, moving bases (legged or wheeled), and stance stability constraints arising from the presence of gravity. We formulate the problem of selecting local motions as a linearly constrained quadratic program (QP), that can be solved efficiently. The solution to this QP is a tuple of locally optimal joint velocities. By using these velocities to step towards a goal, both a path and an inverse-kinematic solution to the goal are obtained. This formulation can be used directly for real-time control, or as a local motion planner to connect waypoints. This method is particularly useful for high-degree-of-freedom mobile robotic systems, as the QP solution scales well with the number of joints. We also show how a number of practically important geometric constraints (collision avoidance, mechanism self-collision avoidance, gaze direction, etc.) can be readily incorporated into either the constraint or objective parts of the formulation. Additionally, motion of the base, a particular joint, or a particular link can be encouraged/discouraged as desired. We summarize the important kinematic variables of the formulation, including the stance Jacobian, the reach Jacobian, and a center of mass Jacobian. The method is easily extended to provide sparse solutions, where the fewest number of joints are moved, by iteration using Tibshirani’s method to accommodate an \(l_1\) regularizer. The approach is validated and demonstrated on SURROGATE, a mobile robot with a TALON base, a 7 DOF serial-revolute torso, and two 7 DOF modular arms developed at JPL/Caltech.
Delay in Transfer Adversely Impacts Mortality and Cost of Care in Patients With Ruptured AAA

to 2014 at St. Joseph Mercy, Ann Arbor. Patient demographics, presenting complaints, operative details, and complications were analyzed. Postoperative patency was assessed by comparison of ankle-brachial index values and qualitative patient improvement. Data was analyzed by way of paired Student t-test and c values with significance defined as a P value of <.05. Results: A total of 39 limbs were intervened upon in 32 patients. In 19 limbs (49% of patient cohort), the procedure was performed for critical limb ischemia (n 1⁄4 8, rest pain; n 1⁄4 11, tissue loss/gangrene). Twenty-five limbs (64%) received an external iliac artery stent with procedure. The median external iliac artery stent diameter was 10 mm (range, 8-16 mm). The preintervention ankle-brachial index was 0.45 6 0.24 (n 1⁄4 32 limbs) and significantly improved to 0.74 6 0.27 (n 1⁄4 28 limbs; P < .001). In addition, preintervention toe pressure of 34 6 28 (n 1⁄4 27 limbs) improved to 58 6 26 (n 1⁄4 22 limbs; P < .001). Average follow-up postintervention was 13 6 14.6 months. One limb (3%) required an additional outflow bypass. At last follow-up, no patient needed subsequent primary assisted patency or additional infrainguinal revascularization. Conclusions: Hybrid-based external iliac and femoral endarterectomy provides a robust, less invasive approach to severe external iliac stenosis or occlusion compared to aortofemoral bypass. Dramatic inflow improvement was observed in our series, and the need for additional outflow revascularization was virtually eliminated. The procedure was deemed technically feasible and safe, with a low number of adverse sequela and excellent primary patency achieved more than 1 year postintervention.
Transformation of pollen by particle bombardment

The development of pollen as a vector for direct gene transfer would be a significant advance in our ability to introduce genes into plants. Such methodology should be of general utility for many plant species, and in particular for the major monocotyledonous crop plants such as maize, wheat and barley that are recalcitrant to protoplast regeneration and that are not amenable to Agrobacterium based transformation techniques. A further advantage would be the avoidance of tissue culture steps that are time consuming and known to result in undesirable somaclonal variation. The potential of pollen as a vector for direct gene transfer has long been realized. For more than 10 years numerous investigators have attempted pollen-mediated transformation, several of which have claimed success [5, 8, 19, 23]. However the ultimate proof that transformation has taken place, that is, the demonstration of integration of foreign DNA into the nuclear genome at the molecular level and the genetic transmission of this DNA, is still lacking. This chapter presents a summary of research that has been directed towards pollen-mediated gene transfer, a detailed protocol for the delivery of DNA into pollen using particle bombardment and a discussion of factors that may be important for the successful application of this technique to obtain stably transformed plants.
Learning-based route management in wireless ad hoc networks

The nodes in a wireless ad hoc network must act as routers in a self-configuring network without infrastructure. An application running on nodes in the ad hoc network may require that intermediate nodes act as routers, receiving and forwarding data packets to other nodes to overcome limitations of noise, router congestion and limited transmission power. In existing routing protocols, the "self-configuring" aspect of network construction has generally been limited to route selection using a shortest-path routing metric as a predictor of routing efficiency. This limited, network-layer predictor fails to consider the effects of existing traffic on router loads and fails to consider the effects of noise experienced at the MAC layer. Not all network topologies are suited to efficient routing using a shortest-path metric. The location of the nodes and physical characteristics of the network environment can create topologies where shortest-path routing overloads some routers and underutilizes others. Similarly, noise sources can undermine the quality of wireless links depending on the relative distance between the noise sources and the receiving nodes. This dissertation presents a cross-layer predictor that combines the effects of noise and router congestion into a single time-based routing metric based on statistical estimation from recent experience. Also presented is a new cross-layer, adaptive routing protocol, called Warp-5, that not only uses the new routing metric to make better initial routing decisions in a noisy or congested network, but can also adjust previously existing routes as new routes or new noise sources are added to the network. Simulation results for Warp-5 are presented and compared to the existing shortest-path routing protocol AODV. The results show the cross-layer approach of Warp-5 to be superior to shortest-path routing protocols for managing router congestion and noise in wireless ad hoc networks.
Study of Gamma Rays from the Ca 43 (p,p',γ)Ca 43 Reaction and the Decay of K 43 and Sc 43

A study has been made of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectra produced in the proton bombardment of ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{43}$ at proton energies of 2.550, 3.235, and 3.605 MeV. $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray branching ratios and excitation energies were determined for most states in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{43}$ previously seen in decay-scheme and reaction studies up to an excitation energy of 2.25 MeV. An examination of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectrum following the radioactive decay of ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{43}$ shows that the $log\mathrm{ft}$ value for a transition to a possible ${\frac{9}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state below 1.5 MeV in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{43}$ is greater than 5.7. Examination of the decay of ${\mathrm{K}}^{43}$ shows some discrepancies with previous work.
Can Students Design Software?: The Answer Is More Complex Than You Think

In this paper, we first present an assessment on students' software design abilities based on qualitative data from a design class. We will then provide, using the assessment as a backdrop, a discussion on the nature of software design, the challenges of teaching design, and ways to improve design education.
Effectiveness of 14 Fungicides for Suppressing Lesions Caused by Phytophthora capsici on Inoculated Stems of Chile Pepper Seedlings

ABSTRACT Phytophthora blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici, is an economically important disease in bell and chile pepper. Fourteen different fungicides were evaluated with ...
Febrile Episodic Ataxia with Novel Mutation

An episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) kindred with ataxic spells induced by fever or high environmental temperature and a novel CACNA1A mutation were identified and reported from the Universities of Mississippi and Minnesota.
Stillinger-Weber potential for the II-VI elements Zn-Cd-Hg-S-Se-Te

Bulk and multilayered thin film crystals of II-VI semiconductor compounds are the leading materials for infrared sensing, \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray detection, photovoltaics, and quantum dot lighting applications. The key to achieving high performance for these applications is reducing crystallographic defects. Unfortunately, past efforts to improve these materials have been prolonged due to a lack of understanding with regards to defect formation and evolution mechanisms. To enable high-fidelity and high-efficiency atomistic simulations of defect mechanisms, this paper develops a Stillinger-Weber interatomic potential database for semiconductor compounds composed of the major II-VI elements Zn, Cd, Hg, S, Se, and Te. The potential's fidelity is achieved by optimizing all the pertinent model parameters, by imposing reasonable energy trends to correctly capture the transformation between elemental, solid solution, and compound phases, and by capturing exactly the experimental cohesive energies, lattice constants, and bulk moduli of all binary compounds. Verification tests indicate that our model correctly predicts crystalline growth of all binary compounds during molecular dynamics simulations of vapor deposition. Two stringent cases convincingly show that our potential is applicable for a variety of compound configurations involving all the six elements considered here. In the first case, we demonstrate a successful molecular dynamics simulation of crystalline growth of an alloyed (Cd${}_{0.28}$Zn${}_{0.68}$Hg${}_{0.04}$) (Te${}_{0.20}$Se${}_{0.18}$S${}_{0.62}$) compound on a ZnS substrate. In the second case, we demonstrate the predictive power of our model on defects, such as misfit dislocations, stacking faults, and subgrain nucleation, using a complex growth simulation of ZnS/CdSe/HgTe multilayers that also contain all the six elements considered here. Using CdTe as a case study, a comprehensive comparison of our potential with literature potentials is also made. Finally, we also propose unique insights for improving the Stillinger-Weber potential in future developments.
Recent Advances in Solid Hydrogen Storage Systems

Hydrogen energy offers great promise as an energy alternative. Hydrogen technologies can reduce and eliminate the release of carbon dioxide from fossil-fuel combustion, the main cause of global warming. One of the main challenges is hydrogen storage. Storing hydrogen in the solid-state hydride form holds a volumetric advantage over compressed and liquid hydrogen states. Solid hydrogen storage systems also have features of low-pressure operation, compactness, safety, tailorable delivery pressure, excellent absorption /desorption kinetics, modular design for easy scalability, and long cycle life. In this paper, solid hydrogen storage systems (such as portable power canisters, lightweight fiber wrapped vessels, and aluminum tubular vessels, developed by Texaco Ovonic Hydrogen Systems LLC) will be discussed. A system of four canisters each storing approximately 80 grams of reversible hydrogen is shown to run a 1 kW PEM fuel cell for more than 247 minutes at full power. Canisters show no plastic deformation after more than 500 charge/discharge cycles. The measured strain on canister surfaces indicates that DOT stress limits are not exceeded. The canisters are in the early commercialization stage for uninterrupted power supply (UPS) and auxiliary power unit (APU) applications. A lightweight fiber-wrapped vessel engineered with metal hydride and internal heat exchanger is being developed for onboard applications. At the system level, the vessel has a volumetric energy density of 50 grams of hydrogen per liter and a gravimetric density of 1.6 wt.%. The vessel is capable of storing 3 kg of hydrogen with a fast refueling capability. Ninety percent of the storable hydrogen can be refueled in 10 minutes at 1500 psig. The vessel can easily release the hydrogen at a rate of 350 slpm at 70°C. Aluminum tubular vessels are being designed and tested for bulk storage and infrastructure applications including stationary power, hydrogen shipment and hydrogen service stations. The tubular vessel dimensions may be designed for specific applications. For example, a tubular vessel 6 inches in diameter and 62 inches in length can store up to 1 kg of hydrogen.
Videoconferencing Technology as Environmental Support for Older Adults

Age-related declines in cognitive abilities can sometimes be remedied for working memory intensive tasks by providing what Craik (1986) termed “environmental support,” for instance, using external memory cues to alleviate normal memory retrieval demands. We investigated a way-finding task that requires serial recall, a particularly challenging memory task for older adults. We compared videoconference versus voice-only guided presentation of routes to younger and older adults. Participants viewed or did not view maps containing the to-be-learned routes. Additionally, participants were allowed to take notes to simulate real-world situations more closely for half of the trials. Analyses indicate an interaction of age, notes, and map presentation at recall, suggesting environmental support from videoconferencing reduces the advantage of note taking for older adults. Videoconferencing can be a particularly effective presentation medium for older adults with respect to memory-intensive everyday tasks.
Operation Status of Occupational Hazards Monitoring Network in Zhenjiang City in 2009

[Objective]To understand the operation status of occupational hazards monitoring network in Zhenjiang City in 2009,and provide evidence for guidance of future work of direct network report.[Methods]Based on the occupational hazards monitoring sys-tem,its operation status in Zhenjiang City in 2009 was analyzed.[Results]The delaying rate of pesticide poisoning card,accuracy of the first reported card,promptness rate of examination,accuracy of the first reported monitoring card for workers exposed to poison-ous material did not meet the requirements of " Assessment of Occupational Hazards Detection and Quality of Direct Network Report in Jingsu Province"[Conclusion]Direct network report can basically operate well in Zhenjiang City through 4 years effort. However, the report quality need to be further improved.
An Analysis on Management Effect of Community Family Doctor Service in Secondary Prevention of Diabetic Patients

Objective To explore the management effect of community family doctor service in secondary prevention of diabetic patients.Methods Questionnaire survey and follow-up were conducted among 186 diabetic patients.And the differences in the awareness rate of diabetes-related knowledge,the compliance and glycemic control before and after community family doctor service were analyzed.Results After community family doctor service,the awareness rate and the compliance of the 186 patients increased from 56.45% and 47.85% to 96.67% and 76.67%,respectively;BMI,fasting blood glucose,2-hour post-meal blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin decreased from 27.39 kg / m2,7.79 mmol/L,12.84 mmol/L and 7.68% to 26.19 kg/m2,6.87 mmol/L,11.08 mmol/L and 6.93%,respectively.All the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion There is a remarkable management effect of community family doctor service in secondary prevention of diabetic patients.The community family doctor service system should be further upheld and improved.
The quasi-static and dynamic response of fine-grained Mg alloy AMX602: An experimental and computational study

Abstract A high strength magnesium alloy, AMX602 (Mg-6%Al-0.5%Mn-2%Ca), was manufactured by the spinning water atomization process (SWAP) and extruded into bar and plate geometries. Microstructural analysis using electron backscatter diffraction revealed that the processing produces an alloy with grains between 0.5 and 5 µm, with comparatively weak texture for Mg. The plate and bar had different textures–the former had a conventional hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) rolling texture and the latter a HCP extrusion texture. Quasi-static and dynamic compression experiments were performed to probe the material's mechanical behavior in the three processing directions. The experiments on each geometry revealed different anisotropic properties induced by a change in the active deformation mechanisms. The anisotropy was more pronounced at dynamic strain rates than quasi-static. A reduced-order crystal plasticity model that demarcates twinning, basal slip, and non-basal slip mechanisms was fit to the experimental data from the plate and bar. The model was consistent with experimental data and revealed that in the plate twinning dominated yielding in the extrusion and transverse directions, but slip dominated the normal direction. Yielding in the bar was dominated by twinning in the extrusion direction, but both slip and twinning were significant in the other two directions. The model showed the different anisotropic responses were due to the different textures produced during the processing of each geometry. Lastly, our data provided the basis for considering twinning to be rate insensitive in the model, which we confirm to be valid to at least 5000 s −1 .
Optimising bone health in the young male athlete.

Sports participation provides many health benefits to young athletes of both sexes. However, a subset of male athletes may suffer from unrecognised low bone density and impaired skeletal health, predisposing them to an increased risk of fracture. The effects of delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment of low bone density among male athletes may have severe consequences in future longevity in sport as well as long-term bone health. It has been well described that low energy availability alters the neuroendocrine axis, resulting in menstrual dysfunction, low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk for bone stress injury (BSI) in female athletes.1 ,2 However, male athletes may also experience an analogous process that parallels the female athlete triad (Triad).3 As childhood and adolescence represent a critical time for accruing peak bone mass, identifying modifiable risk factors for impaired skeletal health is important to ensure the long-term health in athletes of both sexes. Similar to female athletes,4 there appear to be cumulative risk factors for low BMD (Z-scores <−1.0) in the young male athlete. A prior investigation in 42 male runners identified BMI ≤17.5 kg/m2 and a belief that being thinner leads to faster running performances as risk factors for having lower BMD.5 Risk factors in the young male athlete obtained from anthropometric measures and self-report questionnaires include low body weight (<85% expected weight), stress fracture history, average …
iNKT cell defects in HHV-8-associated MCD.

In this issue of Blood , [Sbihi et al][1] provide the first evidence of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell abnormalities in patients with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) –associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD).[1][2] ![Figure][3] Model of HHV-8–associated MCD associated with
SEU tolerance of FinFET 6T SRAM, 8T SRAM and DICE memory cells

FinFET 6T, 8T, Dual Interlocked Storage Cell (DICE) SRAM cells and Single Events Upsets (SEUs) implementations are presented in this paper. Technology scaling has faced many challenges such as higher sensitivity to SEUs, short channel effects, dielectric leakage, and more. SEUs play a vital role in memory system stability. Memory systems with lower sensitivity to SEUs offer better stability and reliability. SEUs arise in smaller technology sizes because of reduced circuit node capacitance, which makes the node more prone to SEUs. SEUs might lead to a catastrophic situation in fields such as medicine, aerospace, etc. Generally, FinFETs have shown a great reduction in leakage current for all cells. The 8T SRAM LP_INV cell has shown the best overall performance among cells of interest in non-radiated environment. However, while 6T and 8T cells were able to resist SEUs of different amplitudes from a few picoseconds to a few tenths of a nanosecond during the hold state, they are more susceptible to SEUs during the read operation. On the other hand, the LP DICE cell with 1 fin per each pass transistor and 2 fins per each inverter transistor has shown great performance and immunity against SEUs—resistance of several nanoseconds during the hold state and for the whole duration of read state. This is because the structure of this cell provides a backup cell which can recover the cell to its steady state even if an SEU hits the cell; this makes the LP DICE cell a good candidate for use in a radiated environment.
Simultaneous direct holographic fabrication of photonic cavity and graded photonic lattice with dual periodicity, dual basis, and dual symmetry

For the first time, to the authors' best knowledge, this paper demonstrates the digital, holographic fabrication of graded, super-basis photonic lattices with dual periodicity, dual basis, and dual symmetry. Pixel-by-pixel phase engineering of the laser beam generates the highest resolution in a programmable spatial light modulator (SLM) for the direct imaging of graded photonic super-lattices. This technique grants flexibility in designing 2-D lattices with size-graded features, differing periodicities, and differing symmetries, as well as lattices having simultaneously two periodicities and two symmetries in high resolutions. By tuning the diffraction efficiency ratio from the SLM, photonic cavities can also be generated in the graded super-lattice simultaneously through a one-exposure process. A high quality factor of over 1.56 × 106 for a cavity mode in the graded photonic lattice with a large super-cell is predicted by simulations.
Why evangelicals voted for Trump: A critical cultural sociology

Most white evangelicals viewed Donald Trump as the lesser of two evils. They were driven by concerns about abortion, religious freedom, and the Supreme Court. But a plurality preferred him to other GOP candidates. Why? Because they are white Christian nationalists. As such, they were attracted by Trump’s racialized, apocalyptic, and blood-drenched rhetoric. It recalled an earlier version of American religious nationalism, one that antedated the softened tones of modern-day “American exceptionalism” first introduced by Ronald Reagan. At the same time, Trumpism was stripped of the explicit allusions to Christian scripture that traditionally tethered American religious nationalism to Christian political theology. One way of reading Trumpism, then, is as a reactionary and secularized version of white Christian nationalism. I conclude by arguing that the proper response to Trumpism is not to double down on radical secularism but to recover America’s civil religious tradition.
Use of fault-tolerant techniques with virtual rolling to improve the robustness to measurement faults in the control for tandem hot metal strip rolling

In the control of the tandem rolling of hot metal strip a degree of robustness to faults in measurements is important to avoid degradation of the availability of this process. Typical of these faults are those in the tension or roll force measurements which would preclude a valid measurement of these variables. Such faults could degrade the process availability and seriously reduce the quality of the output, which could result in a major loss of production and possible equipment damage. We investigate in this paper a method of control for this process that permits continuity of operation during possible faults in the tension or roll force measurements, and without major disruptions in process operation or significant reduction in the quality of the output. The effectiveness of this method is shown by simulations.
Dynamic test data generation for data intensive applications

There are many cases where the development and testing of data-intensive applications need to be supported without the prior existence of data. Our work presents a dynamic test data generation framework for testing such applications. This capability is important, when the data is confidential and cannot be given to the test person for security reasons or when the application is in its development phase and real data does not yet exist. The proposed solution dynamically intercepts queries made by the application under test and creates appropriate data based on user requirements. This approach does not require access to the source code of the application under test, which could also be confidential. Data generation can be controlled to achieve desired data and query result patterns, including realistic data or data with higher test quality. The paper concludes with experiments that demonstrate the coverage and performance aspects of the solution.
Evaluation and Intrinsic Motivation: The Double-Edged Sword

Each summer, one of us runs a basketball camp for youths, and is always astounded at the spirit of young athletes. They possess endless optimism, and the majority of the campers play basketball simply for the love of the game. Within the camp, different structured activities stress a variety of fundamentals. For example, some drills focus on skill improvement and developing competence at specific skills (e.g., dribbling, passing, shooting). Other drills are more competitive in nature (e.g., shooting contests), and focus on outperforming others. Both types of activities are focused on developing competence, and both involve some degree of evaluation in this instructional context. However, the competitive activities are particularly evaluative, and provide an opportunity for campers to demonstrate their competence compared to others. Campers know that a coach may be evaluating their performance, and typically the kids anticipate receiving performance feedback as a result of this evaluation. The coaches frequently comment on the markedly different reactions that campers have to these evaluative activities. Some kids thrive in competition, but do not appear to enjoy themselves as much in the absence of it, and even express boredom with skill-development activities. Other kids tend to withdraw when they are being evaluated, and seem to really enjoy the activities that are not as competitive.
Real-Time Detection and Mitigation of DDoS Attacks in Intelligent Transportation Systems

Vehicular network (VANET), a special type of ad-hoc network, provides communication infrastructure for vehicles and related parties, such as road side units (RSU). Secure communication concerns are becoming more prevalent with the increasing technology usage in transportation systems. One of the major objectives in VANET is maintaining the availability of the system. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is one of the most popular attack types aiming at the availability of system. We consider the timely detection and mitigation of DDoS attacks to RSU in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). A novel framework for detecting and mitigating low-rate DDoS attacks in ITS based on nonparametric statistical anomaly detection is proposed. Dealing with low-rate DDoS attacks is challenging since they can bypass traditional data filtering techniques while threatening the RSU availability due to their highly distributed nature. Extensive simulation results are presented for a real road scenario with the help of the SUMO traffic simulation software. The results show that our proposed method significantly outperforms two parametric methods for timely detection based on the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) test, as well as the traditional data filtering approach in terms of average detection delay and false alarm rate.
ПРАВОВОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В РОССИИ: ВЗГЛЯД НА ПРОБЛЕМУ

The article is an analysis of the current state of the problem of environmental security in Russia. The authors emphasize that the ecological crisis afflicting our country is part of the global environmental problem, the solution of which requires joint efforts of the entire world community. At the same time, there is a need to take urgent measures to protect the environment directly in Russia where environmental changes in a number of regions have become a national threat. The authors call the reasons for the current situation, among which the main ones, in their opinion, are: extensive economic development, irrational use of resources, shortcomings in the administrative and command system of the Soviet and post-Soviet societies, outdated approaches to the solution of environmental security problems, imperfect legal framework, inadequate financing of environmental measures. According to the authors, only by eliminating these reasons the ecological situation can be corrected in the Russian Federation. In turn, this requires serious scientific and analytical work and a more active participation of the Russian state in solving environmental security problems. The participation of the Russian Federation in providing comprehensive environmental safety is considered at the interstate and domestic levels. The authors point out the unconditional correctness of the approach according to which environmental security in Russia is viewed as part of national security. In their opinion, this creates an additional incentive to intensify environmental activities and gives hope for solving the ecological problem in our country. At the same time, an analysis of the basic normative acts in the field of ensuring environmental safety forces the authors to conclude that they need to be further improved, as required by the tasks of economic development of the Russian Federation.
Travel distance affects rates and reasons for inpatient visits after pancreatectomy

Abstract Background Centralization of complex surgical care leads to increased travel distances for patients. We sought to determine if increased travel distance to the index hospital altered inpatient Visit rates following pancreatectomy. Methods Pancreatectomies from 2013–2016 were reviewed retrospectively from a single high-volume institution. Travel distance for 936 patients was determined, and patients were grouped by 50-mile increments. Visits (Observations or Readmissions) and corresponding reasons were gathered. Results 222 patients (23.7%) had a Visit to any hospital (AH) within 90 days postoperative; 195 (87.8%) were to the index hospital (IH). The 100 miles. This trend was statistically significant for Observations, but not Readmissions. Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints alone led to 20.7% patients requiring Visits to AH at 90-days, mostly in Conclusions Patients closest to the IH had the highest Visit and Observation rate following pancreatectomy without affecting Readmission rate, with GI complaints as a driving factor. Inpatient education and outpatient symptom management may reduce repeat hospitalization.
Blending In: Hybridity, Identity and Creolization

Creoles are believed to develop when pidgins become nativized and transmitted to children. Variations on this theme have been extensively described; however, none offers a satisfying means of accounting for the direct emergence of creoles from situations of linguistic contact in the absence of a mitigating pidgin or traditional colonial dynamic. This paper explores an alternate approach and presents an account of creolization rooted in processes of sociocultural hybridization and identity coalescence. In this view, creolization is regarded as one possible consequence of intensive contact among communities speaking distinct but related languages and thus as a reflection of the negotiation of cultural and linguistic identities. This shapes the mechanisms of creolization and the nature of its linguistic manifestations; it also conditions sociocultural features pertinent to linguistic use. Particular attention is given to communities associated with the Trukic dialect chain, which stretches from Palau to the Micronesian state of Chuuk. Primary focus is placed on communities from the outer islands of Yap and Palau, where the author is involved in ongoing fieldwork, and on how their historical, sociocultural, and linguistic contexts relate to creolization. Implications for the typological study of creoles are also addressed.
MULTIPLE CEREBROVASCULAR EVENTS DUE TO EMBOLIZATION FROM A SEVERELY CALCIFIED BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE: THE “SMOKING GUN”

Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) has not been considered a traditional risk factor or source for cerebrovascular events, however it is important to recognize that the presence of aortic valve (AV) atheroma in calcific AS can be a source of embolic debris to the brain. A 60-year-old man with history of
A PCB Sensor for Status Monitoring of Stored Food Stocks

Cereal grains are important food stocks that can be safely stored for long periods of time if stored at an appropriate temperature and moisture content. As such, they are of considerable interest for long-duration manned space missions. However, if exposed to moisture, the grains will imbibe water and begin to germinate, spoil, or become contaminated by the propagation of various microorganisms, such as fungi. Imbibed moisture can be detected capacitively, since the relative permittivity of water is much higher than the relative permittivity of organic materials. Since grains such as corn kernels are relatively large compared to the size of traditional microsensors, a printed circuit board capacitive fringing field sensor was developed to detect the imbibed moisture in corn kernels through measuring the resulting increase in capacitance. Sets of corn seed of varying moisture content were obtained and evaluated with the sensor. The results were compared with measurements from a commercially available grain moisture content tester and demonstrated a linear increase in sensor capacitance as a function of kernel weight and moisture content.
A CMOS 2D Transmit Beamformer With Integrated PZT Ultrasound Transducers For Neuromodulation

While the mechanisms are not yet completely understood, ultrasound-based neuromodulation has been emerging as a noninvasive modality for interfacing to both the central and peripheral nervous systems, due to its high penetration depth and good spatial resolution. Commercially available ultrasound transducers for neuromodulation applications are typically single-element focused transducers with a bulky form factor and off-the-shelf electronics for drive. Changing the focal position requires mechanical movement of the transducer itself. High-density ultrasound phased arrays allow for electronic focusing. Here, we present a CMOS 2D beamformer with integrated lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ultrasound transducers for neuromodulation of the peripheral nerves. The proposed prototype can achieve a maximum focal pressure of approximately 100 kPa with a 5 V supply at 0.5 cm depth without including an acoustic matching layer.
Process synthesis and economic analysis of cyanobacteria biorefineries: A superstructure-based approach

Abstract In this study, we develop, synthesize, and evaluate a cyanobacteria biorefinery incorporating all relevant subsystems including: (1) supply of CO2, water, and nutrients, (2) production at cultivation ponds, and (3) products separation and purification. A superstructure-based approach is proposed to evaluate technical and economic feasibility of cyanobacteria biorefineries to produce biochemicals. Supply subsystems include a wastewater treatment (WWT) facility and a power plant to provide water, nutrients, and CO2. In the production subsystem, an approach to model cultivation ponds is developed based on production requirements and cyanobacteria characteristics i.e. residence time and productivity. In the purification subsystem, optimal separation technologies are selected based on product attributes and concentration to recover products and recycle water and nutrients, while minimizing costs. Later, all subsystems are integrated and system-wide optimization is performed. Impacts of key parameters such as cyanobacteria productivity and performance for a cellular level analysis; and CO2 transportation phase, distances, and product titers for a systems level analysis are investigated. Results indicate that depending on product attributes, the production cost could vary between $2.74−$34/kg ($0.7−$2.65/kg) at product concentrations of 0.5 g/L (10 g/L), highlighting the importance of achieving higher product titers. Analyses for the base-case show that for a titer of 0.5 g/L, reducing productivity from 30 to 5 g m−2 day−1 while increasing residence time from 5 to 30 days increases the production cost by about 22% in the system with water and nutrients supply form WWT, respectively. Results show that providing water and nutrients from a WWT facility improves the economics. The present study provides critical insights for future research and development and successful commercialization of cyanobacteria biorefineries.
Data Understanding, Representation, and Visualization

This chapter introduces the concepts of understanding, representing, and visualizing the data. These are essential steps in the before one starts to build a machine learning model or artificially intelligent application. Although these concepts might appear trivial, when the dimensionality of the data is more than 3, they quickly become quite non-trivial and difficult. This chapter introduces dimensionality reduction techniques like principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis for the purpose of better visualization of high dimensional data. The better visualization gives the user insights into the data distribution and relation of various features with each other and with the output. These insights are valuable when making various choices in the subsequent machine learning pipeline.
Factoring a 2 x 2 contingency table

We show that a two-component proportional representation provides the necessary framework to account for the properties of a 2 × 2 contingency table. This corresponds to the factorization of the table as a product of proportion and diagonal row or column sum matrices. The row and column sum invariant measures for proportional variation are obtained. Geometrically, these correspond to displacements of two point vectors in the standard one-simplex, which are reduced to a center-of-mass coordinate representation, [Formula: see text]. Then, effect size measures, such as the odds ratio and relative risk, correspond to different perspective functions for the mapping of (δ, μ) to [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, variations in δ and μ will be associated with different cost-benefit trade-offs for a given application. Therefore, pure mathematics alone does not provide the specification of a general form for the perspective function. This implies that the question of the merits of the odds ratio versus relative risk cannot be resolved in a general way. Expressions are obtained for the marginal sum dependence and the relations between various effect size measures, including the simple matching coefficient, odds ratio, relative risk, Yule's Q, ϕ, and Goodman and Kruskal's τc|r. We also show that Gini information gain (IGG) is equivalent to ϕ2 in the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm. Then, IGG can yield misleading results due to the dependence on marginal sums. Monte Carlo methods facilitate the detailed specification of stochastic effects in the data acquisition process and provide a practical way to estimate the confidence interval for an effect size.
Lgr5-positive endothelial progenitor cells occupy a tumor and injury prone niche in the kidney vasa recta

The Wnt pathway co-receptor, Leucine Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 (LGR5), labels tumor-prone stem cell populations in certain types of tissue. In this study, we show that ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations in LGR5+ cells result in renal angiosarcomas in adult mice. The tumors originate in the renal medulla. We further show that LGR5 labels SOX17+/CD31+/CD34+/CD133+/AQP1+/CD146+ endothelial progenitor cells within the descending vasa recta or straight arterioles of the kidney, which are specialized capillaries that maintain medullary osmotic gradients necessary for water reabsorption and the production of concentrated urine. LGR5+ endothelial progenitor cells are tightly associated with contractile pericytes within the descending vasa recta. Long-term in vivo lineage tracing revealed that LGR5+ cells give rise to renal medullary vasculature. We further show that LGR5+ cells are activated in response to ischemic kidney injury. Our findings uncover a physiologically relevant endothelial progenitor cell population within the kidney vasa recta.