cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: What is new and what has changed?

Thyroid nodules are very common, and thyroid cancer is currently the fifth leading cancer diagnosis in women. The American Thyroid Association has led the development and revision of guidelines for the management of patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The most current revision was published in the January 2016 issue of the journal Thyroid. The current guidelines have 101 recommendations, with 8 figures and 17 tables that are hopefully helpful to those treating patients with thyroid nodules and cancer. The primary goals of the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force were to use the current evidence to guide recommendations and yet be as helpful and practical as possible within the scope and strength of the evidence. The current review focuses on new and significantly revised recommendations that may very well change clinical practice. The author notes 3 new basic principles that have emerged in this guidelines revision: 1) the management of thyroid nodules, including the decision to perform a fine-needle aspiration biopsy as well as follow-up decision making, will be heavily influenced by the newly developed sonographic risk pattern; 2) the long-term management of DTC along with thyroid-stimulating hormone target goals will be heavily influenced by the 4 categories of “response to therapy”; and 3) the management of patients with radioactive iodine-refractory DTC will be divided into 4 basic decision-making groups: patients who should undergo monitoring, patients who should undergo directed therapies, patients who should undergo systemic therapies, and patients who should be offered entry into clinical trials. Cancer 2017;123:372–381. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Needs, Resources, Deployment, and Gratification

The underlying relationships in dealing with knowledge as it pertains to all levels of human needs are explored. These relationships form a platform for intricate mathematical formulations for the interactive behavior of knowledge centric objects (KCOs). These KCOs gratify human needs and cater to humanist objects that a knowledge machine serves. Machines modify the raw KCOs to yield newer substructures of interim KCOs. Even though the substructures of knowledge may be transitory, they generally give rise to a final and derived product of one or more convolutions of one KCO with other KCOs (or with itself) to give the final and stable KCO′. The emphasis is on human behavior and gratification of human needs even though the approach is generic enough to substantiate social, communal, or national behavior in the pursuit of their collective needs. If all the needs were shrunk into one need, that is, the need for survival, then the behavior of the various species of plant and animal lives can also be formulated. The extent of gratification of the essential need and the state of general health of any organism can, in addition be related in numerical and quantitative relationships.
MetaPlotR: a Perl/R pipeline for plotting metagenes of nucleotide modifications and other transcriptomic sites

Summary An increasing number of studies are mapping protein binding and nucleotide modifications sites throughout the transcriptome. Often, these sites cluster in certain regions of the transcript, giving clues to their function. Hence, it is informative to summarize where in the transcript these sites occur. A metagene is a simple and effective tool for visualizing the distribution of sites along a simplified transcript model. In this work, we introduce MetaPlotR, a Perl/R pipeline for creating metagene plots. Availability and Implementation The code and associated tutorial are available at https://github.com/olarerin/metaPlotR . Contact srj2003@med.cornell.edu.
Developing a Transliteracies Framework for a Connected World

This article introduces a transliteracies framework to conceptually account for the contingency and instability of literacy practices on the move and to offer a set of methodological tools for inve...
The effect of education type on common misconceptions of traumatic brain injury.

PURPOSE In the current study, we investigated the effects of existing education materials-either a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) factsheet or personal stories of people with TBI-on undergraduate students' misconceptions and attributions about the causes of TBI-related behavior. METHOD Undergraduate students (N = 164) were recruited through the university participant pool. The participants were randomly assigned to receive either a factsheet about TBI, personal stories of people with TBI, or a control reading. Groups were compared on the number of TBI misconceptions endorsed, scores on an attribution measure, and their willingness to interact with people who have TBIs. RESULTS Both the TBI factsheet group and the personal stories group endorsed fewer misconceptions, on average, than the control group (p = .02). Additionally, those who read either the personal stories or the factsheet had significantly lower attribution scores, on average, than the control group (p = .001; p = .03). That is, those who read either of the educational materials were more likely to endorse a TBI explanation over an adolescent explanation, compared to those who read a control reading. The groups did not significantly differ on their willingness for social interaction. IMPLICATIONS Results suggest that, on average, factsheets and personal stories are effective for increasing knowledge about moderate-to-severe TBI as compared to a control group. Personal stories and factsheets may also be useful, on average, for addressing tendencies to discount TBIs as explanations for behavioral change, as compared to a control group. (PsycINFO Database Record
Psychoneurosis beyond Oedipus: neurophysiology, drive conflict, and the resolution of emotional trauma

The concept of plasticity infused regenerative approaches to brain science in Switzerland in the mid-twentieth century, shaping a holistic tradition prominent among Zurich’s psychiatrists and neurologists. From 1910 to about 1950, they sought to objectify the dynamic unconscious using a psychobiological approach to mental pathology pioneered by the neuroanatomists August Forel and Constantin von Monakow. Little scholarship, however, has explored this tradition. Both Forel and Monakow influenced Rudolf Brun, a Zurich neurologist and ant expert, who championed parallels between biological conflicts measured in social insects and Sigmund Freud’s drive energetics. Brun’s concept of drive conflict integrated Richard Semon’s theory of plastic heredity as “species memory” with a revision of Monakow to explain mental pathology in the brain. Through them, he proposed the neuropathology underlying Freud’s “genuine” psychoneuroses: those caused by unconscious memories of traumatic experience. This paper uses primary historical sources from the Swiss scientific literature to demonstrate that (1) Brun combined Semon’s plastic heredity, Cannon’s physiology and Pavlov’s conditional reflex to objectify Freud’s dynamic unconscious; and (2) though he rejected Monakow’s teleology, Brun’s holistic mind-body approach owed much to Monakow’s theory of emotions and pathology manifest in the brain. Brun elaborated Monakow’s view that psychopathology occurs as unconscious drive conflicts produce neurotoxicity, enabling excess hormones to disrupt the brain’s protective filtering system. Brun’s ant experiments confirmed evolutionary “laws” governing drive conflict and framed the neuro-energetics underlying the resolution of repressed emotional trauma. Tests pitted conflicts between social drives and those serving self-interest. Through them, Brun extended moral conflict beyond the Oedipal domain of psychoanalysis to encompass conflicts in a biological hierarchy of drives. This drive-based account of conscience explored neural pathways reaching back from the cortex to the body, so enabling traumatic memories to generate psychoneuroses. Plasticity could then justify the use of psychotherapy to reverse these pathogenic connections. Brun’s example demonstrates both the significance of Semon’s theory of heredity for objective accounts of the unconscious mind in Central Europe and the hidden legacy of Monakow’s neuroendocrine holism. Brun combined that legacy with objective evidence and Zurich’s emphasis on plasticity to endorse—somewhat paradoxically—the reversal of psychoneuroses in the brain.
When Categories Interact: Insights from Analyzing U.S. listed Chinese Companies’ Analyst Coverage

In this paper, I sample 145 Chinese companies that went public in U.S. capital markets and test hypotheses about analysts’ coverage following their IPOs. Drawing on population ecology, I hypothesiz...
An abolitionist theory on crime: ending the abusive relationship with Racist-Imperialist-Patriarchy [R.I.P.]

In this article I re-assess the parameters of what we seek to abolish as we pursue penal abolition. I apply Black Feminist Hauntology to exorcize the barriers of traditional and ineffective deconst...
Alpha-decay of 39.3 h 254mEs isomer

Abstract Mass-separated samples of 254mEs were used to investigate its α-decay scheme. Twelve α-groups were identified in a spectrum measured with the Argonne magnetic α-spectrometer. The favored α-transition populates a 211.8 keV level in 250Bk and four members of its rotational band were observed. A three-parameter α-γ time coincidence experiment showed that the 211.8 keV level decayed by three routes: two were prompt and one was delayed. The delayed γ-rays (50.07, 71.30, 90.7, 104.0, 126.0 and 175.7 keV) decayed with a 42±2ns half-life. The energies of the prompt γ-rays were 79.90, 96.3, 177.3 and 211.8 keV. From an α-ce− coincidence experiment the multipolarity of the 211.8 keV transition was deduced to be E1. The α-branching was determined from an α-singles spectrum and was found to be 0.33±0.01%. From the results of the present investigation and the known properties of 250Bk and 254mEs, the 211.8 keV state in 250Bk and the 254mEs ground state were given { n [622] 3 2 + ; p [633] 7 2 + 2 + assignment. Other levels in 250Bk were postulated at 104.0 (and its rotational member at 125.3), 131.9 and 175.3 keV and these were given tentative assignments of n [620] 1 2 + ; p [521] 3 2 − 1 − , n [620] 1 2 + ; p [633] 7 2 + 3 + and n [613] 7 2 + ; p [633] 7 2 O + (with I = 1), respectively. The splitting energies between the parallel and antiparallel coupled states were calculated with a Gaussian potential for the residual neutron-proton interaction and were found to be in agreement with the experimental values. A precise measurement of the energies and intensities of γ-rays and K X-rays associated with the 254mEs β− decay was also made. The Fm Kα2 and Kα1 energies were found to be 115.280±0.015 and 121.065±0.015 keV, respectively.
Spatial Distribution of Partner-Seeking Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Geosocial Networking Apps: Epidemiologic Study

Background: Geosocial networking apps have made sexual partner-seeking easier for men who have sex with men, raising both challenges and opportunities for human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infection prevention and research. Most studies on men who have sex with men geosocial networking app use have been conducted in large urban areas, despite research indicating similar patterns of online- and app-based sex-seeking among men who have sex with men in rural and midsize cities. Objective: The goal of our research was to examine the spatial distribution of geosocial networking app usage and characterize areas with increasing numbers of partner-seeking men who have sex with men in a midsize city in the South. Methods: Data collection points (n=62) were spaced in 2-mile increments along 9 routes (112 miles) covering the county encompassing the city. At each point, staff logged into 3 different geosocial networking apps to record the number of geosocial networking app users within a 1-mile radius. Data were collected separately during weekday daytime (9:00 AM to 4:00 PM) and weekend nighttime (8:00 PM to 12:00 AM) hours. Empirical Bayesian kriging was used to create a raster estimating the number of app users throughout the county. Raster values were summarized for each of the county's 208 Census block groups and used as the outcome measure (ie, geosocial networking app usage). Negative binomial regression and Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests were used to examine Census block group variables (eg, median income, median age) associated with geosocial networking app usage and temporal differences in app usage, respectively. Results: The number of geosocial networking app users within a 1-mile radius of the data collection points ranged from 0 to 36 during weekday daytime hours and 0 to 39 during weekend nighttime hours. In adjusted analyses, Census block group median income and percent Hispanic ethnicity were negatively associated with geosocial networking app usage for all 3 geosocial networking apps during weekday daytime and weekend nighttime hours. Population density and the presence of businesses were positively associated with geosocial networking app usage for all 3 geosocial networking apps during both times. Conclusions: In this midsize city, geosocial networking app usage was highest in areas that were more population-dense, were lower income, and had more businesses. This research is an example of how geosocial networking apps’ geospatial capabilities can be used to better understand patterns of virtual partner-seeking among men who have sex with men.
Numerical Parametric Study of Paravalvular Leak Following a Transcatheter Aortic Valve Deployment Into a Patient-Specific Aortic Root

Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a relatively frequent complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with increased mortality. Currently, there is no effective method to pre-operatively predict and prevent PVL. In this study, we developed a computational model to predict the severity of PVL after TAVR. Nonlinear finite element (FE) method was used to simulate a self-expandable CoreValve deployment into a patient-specific aortic root, specified with human material properties of aortic tissues. Subsequently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using the post-TAVR geometries from the FE simulation, and a parametric investigation of the impact of the transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) skirt shape, TAV orientation, and deployment height on PVL was conducted. The predicted PVL was in good agreement with the echocardiography data. Due to the scallop shape of CoreValve skirt, the difference of PVL due to TAV orientation can be as large as 40%. Although the stent thickness is small compared to the aortic annulus size, we found that inappropriate modeling of it can lead to an underestimation of PVL up to 10 ml/beat. Moreover, the deployment height could significantly alter the extent and the distribution of regurgitant jets, which results in a change of leaking volume up to 70%. Further investigation in a large cohort of patients is warranted to verify the accuracy of our model. This study demonstrated that a rigorously developed patient-specific computational model can provide useful insights into underlying mechanisms causing PVL and potentially assist in pre-operative planning for TAVR to minimize PVL.
Metastasis-free Survival — A New End Point in Prostate Cancer Trials

Transitioning to Clinical Metastases The FDA’s approval of apalutamide for use in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) was based on an improvement in metastasis-free survival. It was the first drug approval for nmCRPC and the first use of this primary end point to support drug approval.
Low-grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma. A Report of Two Metastasizing Neoplasms Having a Deceptively Benign Appearance

Two deceptively benign-appearing, unclassifiable but very similar fibromyxoid sarcomas characterized histologically by bland, innocuous-appearing fibroblastic cells and a swirling, whorled growth pattern are presented. The tumors both occurred in women in their late twenties and were located in the soft tissues of the scapular area and the axillary-chest wall area, respectively. Lung metastases developed in both cases; one patient died 94 months after excision of the primary neoplasm, whereas the other was alive at 82 months. The designation "low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma" is suggested for these tumors.
Uncertainties in Predictions of Material Performance Using Experimental Data That Is Only Distantly Related to the System of Interest

There is a need for predictive material “aging” models in the nuclear energy industry, where applications include life extension of existing reactors, the development of high burnup fuels, and dry cask storage of used nuclear fuel. These problems require extrapolating from the validation domain, where there is available experimental data, to the application domain, where there is little or no experimental data. The need for predictive material aging models will drive the need for associated assessments of the uncertainties in the predictions. Methods to quantify uncertainties in model predictions, using experimental data that is only distantly related to the application domain, are discussed in this paper.
Amygdala Mechanisms of Pavlovian Psychostimulant Conditioning and Relapse

Psychostimulant addiction often consists of periods of sustained drug abstinence disrupted by periods of relapse and renewed heavy drug use. Prevention of relapse remains the greatest challenge to the successful treatment of drug addiction. Drug-associated cues are a primary trigger for relapse, as they can elicit intense craving for the drug. These cues become associated with the drug reward through Pavlovian learning processes that develop over multiple drug–cue pairings. The amygdala (AMY) is critical for such drug-related learning. Intrinsic and extrinsic circuitry position the AMY to integrate cue and drug-related information and influence drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors. Animal models of conditioned drug reward, drug use, and relapse have confirmed the necessary role of the AMY for drug conditioned cues to control motivated behavior. Neurons within the AMY are responsive to the primary effects of psychostimulants, and more critically, they also respond to the presentation of drug-associated cues. The mechanisms by which conditioned cues come to influence drug-seeking behavior likely involve long-term plasticity and neuroadaptations within the AMY. A greater understanding of the associative learning mechanisms that depend upon the AMY and related limbic and cortical structures, and the process by which drug cues come to gain control over behavior that maintains the addictive state, will facilitate the development of more effective addiction treatments.
Cryoglobulins and pyroglobulins.

A heterogeneous group of immunoglobulins (Ig’s), each member of which exhibits a temperature-dependent solubility abnormality, are known as cryoglobulins. A single Ig with the property of reversible cryoprecipitation is usually monoclonal. More frequently, two Ig’s combine by noncovalent bonds to form a mixed cryoglobulin, but when separated, neither is a cryoglobulin by itself. Cryoglobulins are usually found in blood serum, but occasionally may appear in body fluids and urine.
Significance Injury: A Military-Induced Injury of Meaning

Psychopathologies of all kinds, vis-a-vis the military, are well-documented in the mental health literature. These illnesses include acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment...
Against Interrogational Torture: Upholding a Troubled Taboo

Until recently, torture was regarded as an unthinkable act. But in the dark years following September 11, 2001, many people have defended it openly as they have many other kinds of action previously considered taboo. (Very similar arguments have been used to defend abortion.) And the underlying issues are complicated. Yet at least a virtually absolute prohibition on interrogational torture can be rationally defended.
Zinc supplementation reduces Candida infections in pediatric intensive care unit: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Resistance to anti-fungal drugs has become the main cause for increasing incidence rate of Candida infections in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). Zinc supplementation has been shown to exhibit beneficial effects on many pediatric illnesses. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of zinc supplementation on prevalence of candidemia and candiduria infections in PICU. 724 eligible children between 1 to 5 years old admitted in PICU were randomly assigned into either zinc supplementation group or placebo group. Primary endpoints were the number of Candida infections, length of PICU stay and cases of patient death 14 days after enrollment. Secondary endpoints were the incidence rates of candidemia and candiduria. The incidences of candiduria and candidemia were significantly lower in the zinc group than the placebo group. The length of PICU stay and cases of patient death were obviously lowered in the zinc group compared to the placebo group. In conclusion, zinc supplementation shows beneficial clinical efficacy in reducing Candida infections among PICU patients on broad-spectrum antibiotics with critical illnesses.
Effect of warmed semen extender on boar sperm quality post-collection

Abstract Semen used for artificial insemination (AI) in the swine industry is typically collected into a warmed semen collection cup containing an empty collection bag. If the ambient temperature d...
The plastid phosphorylase as a multiple-role player in plant metabolism

The physiological roles of the plastidial phosphorylase in starch metabolism of higher plants have been debated for decades. While estimated physiological substrate levels favor a degradative role, genetic evidence indicates that the plastidial phosphorylase (Pho1) plays an essential role in starch initiation and maturation of the starch granule in developing rice grains. The plastidial enzyme contains a unique peptide domain, up to 82 residues in length depending on the plant species, not found in its cytosolic counterpart or glycogen phosphorylases. The role of this extra peptide domain is perplexing, as its complete removal does not significantly affect the in vitro catalytic or enzymatic regulatory properties of rice Pho1. This peptide domain may have a regulatory function as it contains potential phosphorylation sites and, in some plant Pho1s, a PEST motif, a substrate for proteasome-mediated degradation. We discuss the potential roles of Pho1 and its L80 domain in starch biosynthesis and photosynthesis.
Alveolar macrophage secretion of vesicular SOCS3 represents a platform for lung cancer therapeutics

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Although the alveolar macrophage (AM) comprises the major resident immune cell in the lung, few studies have investigated its role in lung cancer development. We recently discovered a potentially novel mechanism wherein AMs regulate STAT-induced inflammatory responses in neighboring epithelial cells (ECs) via secretion and delivery of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we explored the impact of SOCS3 transfer on EC tumorigenesis and the integrity of AM SOCS3 secretion during development of lung cancer. AM-derived EVs containing SOCS3 inhibited STAT3 activation as well as proliferation and survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Levels of secreted SOCS3 were diminished in lungs of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and in a mouse model of lung cancer, and the impaired ability of murine AMs to secrete SOCS3 within EVs preceded the development of lung tumors. Loss of this homeostatic brake on tumorigenesis prompted our effort to "rescue" it. Provision of recombinant SOCS3 loaded within synthetic liposomes inhibited proliferation and survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as malignant transformation of normal ECs. Intratumoral injection of SOCS3 liposomes attenuated tumor growth in a lung cancer xenograft model. This work identifies AM-derived vesicular SOCS3 as an endogenous antitumor mechanism that is disrupted within the tumor microenvironment and whose rescue by synthetic liposomes can be leveraged as a potential therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
I-SPEC: An End-to-End Framework for Learning Transportable, Shift-Stable Models.

Shifts in environment between development and deployment cause classical supervised learning to produce models that fail to generalize well to new target distributions. Recently, many solutions which find invariant predictive distributions have been developed. Among these, graph-based approaches do not require data from the target environment and can capture more stable information than alternative methods which find stable feature sets. However, these approaches assume that the data generating process is known in the form of a full causal graph, which is generally not the case. In this paper, we propose I-SPEC, an end-to-end framework that addresses this shortcoming by using data to learn a partial ancestral graph (PAG). Using the PAG we develop an algorithm that determines an interventional distribution that is stable to the declared shifts; this subsumes existing approaches which find stable feature sets that are less accurate. We apply I-SPEC to a mortality prediction problem to show it can learn a model that is robust to shifts without needing upfront knowledge of the full causal DAG.
Interdependent Networks: A Data Science Perspective

Traditionally, networks have been studied in an independent fashion. With the emergence of novel smart city technologies, coupling among networks has been strengthened. To capture the ever-increasing coupling, we explain the notion of interdependent networks, i.e., multi-layered networks with shared decision-making entities, and shared sensing infrastructures with interdisciplinary applications. The main challenge is how to develop data analytics solutions that are capable of enabling interdependent decision making. One of the emerging solutions is agent-based distributed decision making among heterogeneous agents and entities when their decisions are affected by multiple networks. We first provide a big picture of real-world interdependent networks in the context of smart city infrastructures. We then provide an outline of potential challenges and solutions from a data science perspective. We discuss potential hindrances to ensure reliable communication among intelligent agents from different networks. We explore future research directions at the intersection of network science and data science.
Potential use of biochar and rhamnolipid biosurfactant for remediation of crude oil-contaminated coastal wetland soil: Ecotoxicity assessment

Abstract Remediation of wetland soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons is a challenging task. Biosurfactant and biochar have been used in oil remediation. However, little is known about the ecotoxicity of these materials when applied in wetland ecosystems. In this study, the ecotoxicity of biochar and rhamnolipid (RL) biosurfactant as crude oil remediation strategies in a Louisiana wetland soil was investigated. A pot experiment was set up with wetland soil treated with/without crude oil followed by subjecting to application of 1% biochar and various levels of RL ranging from 0.1% to 1.4%. The ecotoxicity was evaluated regarding to high plant (S. Alterniflora), algae, and soil microbes. Specifically, after a 30-day growth in a controlled chamber, plant biomass change as well as shoot/root ratio was measured. Algae growth was estimated by quantifying chlorophyll by spectrometry following separation, and soil microbial community was characterized by phospholipid fatty acids analysis. Results showed that plant can tolerate RL level up to 0.8%, while algae growth was strongly inhibited at RL > 0.1%. Algal biomass was significantly increased by biochar, which offset the negative impact of oil and RL. Additionally, soil microbial community shift caused by crude oil and RL was alleviated by biochar with promoting Gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Overall, this study shows that integrated treatment of biochar and RL has the lowest ecotoxicity to plant and algae when used in oil remediation of contaminated wetland soils.
Promoting Interdisciplinary Communication as a Vital Function of Effective Teamwork to Positively Impact Patient Outcomes, Satisfaction, and Employee Engagement.

Abstract Introduction Failure to effectively communicate between disciplines negatively impacts patient care, and therefore, outcomes and satisfaction. The integration ofspecific communication skill sets between disciplines is not commonly a part oftraditional curriculum across health care programs. Case and Outcomes Patient scenario where inter-disciplinary communication is the focus, not the specific patient situation. Discussion Radiology students in clinical rotation were able to identify instances of failed inter-disciplinary communication within the clinical setting and, using Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory techniques discussed and practiced in didactic training, were able to identify communication techniques to use in similar circumstances. Conclusion Fostering the development of inter-disciplinary communication strategiesin the educational setting provides the foundation for continued use at the bedside. Identifying barriers to effective communication, discussing the ramifications of communication failures, examining solutions provided in evidence-based practice and learning how to apply these solutions to a variety of clinical settings can positively impact patient outcomes, and therefore, satisfaction, as well as enhance employee engagement.
Recent advances in oxidative allylic C–H functionalization via group IX-metal catalysis

Allylic substitution, pioneered by the work of Tsuji and Trost, has been an invaluable tool in the synthesis of complex molecules for decades. An attractive alternative to allylic substitution is the direct functionalization of allylic C–H bonds of unactivated alkenes, thereby avoiding the need for prefunctionalization. Significant early advances in allylic C–H functionalization were made using palladium catalysis. However, Pd-catalyzed reactions are generally limited to the functionalization of terminal olefins with stabilized nucleophiles. Insights from Li, Cossy, and Tanaka demonstrated the utility of RhCpx catalysts for allylic functionalization. Since these initial reports, a number of key intermolecular Co-, Rh-, and Ir-catalyzed allylic C–H functionalization reactions have been reported, offering significant complementarity to the Pd-catalyzed reactions. Herein, we report a summary of recent advances in intermolecular allylic C–H functionalization via group IX-metal π-allyl complexes. Mechanism-driven development of new catalysts is highlighted, and the potential for future developments is discussed.
Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae Predict Inferior Patient-Reported Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy:

Background:While the association between spinal disease and hip arthroplasty outcomes has been well studied, there is less known about the effect of spinal pathology in hip arthroscopy (HA) outcome...
On the General Relativity of Fiscal Language

A century ago, everyone thought time and distance were well defined physical concepts. But neither proved absolute. Instead, measures/reports of time and distance were found to depend on one%u2019s reference point, specifically one%u2019s direction and speed of travel, making our apparent physical reality, in Einstein%u2019s words, %u201Cmerely an illusion.%u201DLike time and distance, standard fiscal measures, including deficits, taxes, and transfer payments, depend on one%u2019s reference point/reporting procedure/language/labels. As such, they too represent numbers in search of concepts that provide the illusion of meaning where none exists.This paper, dedicated to our dear friend, David Bradford, provides a general proof that standard and routinely used fiscal measures, including the deficit, taxes, and transfer payments, are economically ill-defined. Instead these measures reflect the arbitrary labeling of underlying fiscal conditions. Analyses based on these and derivative measures, such as disposable income, private assets, and personal saving, represent exercises in linguistics, not economics.
“Finally, I told my professor I was pregnant.” Becoming new mothers as international graduate students

Abstract As international students seek degrees in U.S. higher education, their role as students is fore-fronted and recognizable by faculty and peers. What often remains invisible are their social and personal experiences. While there is substantive literature on academic identity and motherhood, very few studies address international graduate student mothers’ experiences. Informed by a Bakhtinian stance of dialogism, this ethnographic study focuses on the lived experience and discourses that surround motherhood among eleven Chinese international graduate student mothers (CIGSMs) on and off university campuses, especially how CIGSMs negotiate their new identities as mothers and acquire their “language” of motherhood. This article aims to contribute to the understanding of international graduate student mothers’ experiences as a social, cultural, and educational phenomenon, exploring the power dynamics and complex dialogic intercultural interactions, and addressing the social justice issues through the lens of motherhood in both linguistic and educational fields.
Clearance of severely elevated plasma free hemoglobin with total plasma exchange in a pediatric ECMO patient.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-related hemolysis is common with reported incidence of 5%–18%. Plasma free hemoglobin (PFH) levels are used as a marker for hemolysis and elevated PFH is ...
Unified model beyond grand unification

Strong, electromagnetic, and weak forces were unified in the Standard Model with spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. These forces were further conjectured to be unified in a simple Lie group gauge interaction in the grand unification. In this work, we propose a theory beyond the Standard Model and grand unification by adding new gapped topological phase sectors consistent with the nonperturbative global anomaly cancellation and cobordism constraints (especially from the baryon minus lepton number $\mathbf{B}\ensuremath{-}\mathbf{L}$, the electroweak hypercharge $Y$, and the mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly). Gapped topological phase sectors are constructed via symmetry extension, whose low energy contains unitary Lorentz invariant topological quantum field theories (TQFTs): either $(3+1)\mathrm{D}$ noninvertible TQFT (long-range entangled gapped phase), or $(4+1)\mathrm{D}$ invertible or noninvertible TQFT (short-range or long-range entangled gapped phase). Alternatively, there could also be right-handed neutrinos, or gapless unparticle conformal field theories, or their combinations to altogether cancel the mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly. We propose that a new high-energy physics frontier beyond the conventional 0D particle physics relies on the new topological force and topological matter including gapped extended objects (gapped 1D line and 2D surface operators or defects, etc., whose open ends carry deconfined fractionalized particle or anyonic string excitations). Physical characterizations of these gapped extended objects require the mathematical theories of cohomology, cobordism, or category. Although weaker than the weak force, topological force is infinite-range or long-range that does not decay in the distance, and mediates between the linked world volume trajectories via fractional or categorical statistical interactions.
Implementation strategies in the context of medication reconciliation: a qualitative study.

Medication reconciliation (MedRec) is an important patient safety initiative that aims to prevent patient harm from medication errors. Yet, the implementation and sustainability of MedRec interventions have been challenging due to contextual barriers like the lack of interprofessional communication (among pharmacists, nurses, and providers) and limited organizational capacity. How to best implement MedRec interventions remains unclear. Guided by the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy, we report the differing strategies hospital implementation teams used to implement an evidence-based MedRec Toolkit (the MARQUIS Toolkit). A qualitative study was conducted with implementation teams and executive leaders of hospitals participating in the federally funded “Implementation of a Medication Reconciliation Toolkit to Improve Patient Safety” (known as MARQUIS2) research study. Data consisted of transcripts from web-based focus groups and individual interviews, as well as meeting minutes. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis and the constant comparison technique. Data were collected from 16 hospitals using 2 focus groups, 3 group interviews, and 11 individual interviews, 10 sites’ meeting minutes, and an email interview of an executive. Major categories of implementation strategies predominantly mirrored the ERIC strategies of “Plan,” “Educate,” “Restructure,” and “Quality Management.” Participants rarely used the ERIC strategies of finance and attending to policy context. Two new non-ERIC categories of strategies emerged—“Integration” and “Professional roles and responsibilities.” Of the 73 specific strategies in the ERIC taxonomy, 32 were used to implement the MARQUIS Toolkit and 11 new, and non-ERIC strategies were identified (e.g., aligning with existing initiatives and professional roles and responsibilities). Complex interventions like the MARQUIS MedRec Toolkit can benefit from the ERIC taxonomy, but adaptations and new strategies (and even categories) are necessary to fully capture the range of approaches to implementation.
Democracy’s Unfinished Business

The modern community college has been promoting equity, social justice, and democratic ideals in America for the last seventy years—since 1947, when the Truman Commission called for the establishment of a nationwide network of local, low cost, accessible “community colleges” in their landmark report, Higher Education for American Democracy. This chapter provides readers with a brief history of the modern open admissions community college and its social justice work.
Narrating the Territorial Foundations of Privilege: Racial Discourse and Indigenous Peoples:

This article focuses on the cultural narratives underlying U.S. society’s racialized inequalities. Informed by settler colonial theory and Charles Tilly’s work on “durable inequality,” I outline a ...
Neighborhood Sense of Community and Social Capital

In many ways, social capital (SC) is to political science, sociology, applied economics, and community development what sense of community (SOC) and empowerment have been to community psychology. SC is the norms, networks, and mutual trust of “civil society” facilitating cooperative action among citizens and institutions (Coleman, 1988) and has had considerable influence on political thinking and action over the past decade. It is generally observed and analyzed as a characteristic (or lack) of communities or societies, rather than individuals.
The Use of Hyaluronic Acid and Corticosteroid Injections Among Medicare Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Abstract Introduction Hyaluronic acid (HA) and corticosteroid (CS) injections are frequently used in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, despite a lack of strong evidence supporting their efficacy in the literature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate trends in HA and CS usage in Medicare patients over the past 15 years. Methods The Medicare 5% national sample database was used to identify 581,022 patients (representing an estimated 11.6 million) with a diagnosis of knee OA between 1999 and 2013. Results The percentage of newly diagnosed knee OA patients who received any injection trended from 39% in 1999 to 47% in 2006 and then declined to 37.5% in 2013. However, the mean number of injections per newly diagnosed OA patient nearly doubled from 0.27 to 0.45 for CS and from 0.18 to 0.36 for HA. Among those having both HA and CS injections, 69% had CS as first-line treatment, whereas 31% had HA first. Conclusion The percentage of newly diagnosed knee OA patients receiving injections peaked in 2007 and then decreased steadily through 2013, as did the proportion of patients receiving HA injections as first-line therapy. However, the number of injections per patient has increased significantly over the past 15 years in both groups.
Neonatal Staphylococcus epidermidis Right-Sided Endocarditis: Description of Five Catheterized Infants

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are important causes of bacteremia and focal infections in infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. The medical records and echocardiograms of 58 newborns with persistent Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit at The New York Hospital during the past 5 1/2 years were reviewed, and five infants were identified as having S epidermidis right-sided infective endocarditis. These episodes were associated with placement of umbilical venous catheters in the right atrium, slow resolution of bacteremia, and persistent thrombocytopenia. This experience suggests the role of endocardial trauma resulting from the placement of umbilical venous catheters in the pathogenesis of endocarditis. The increasing importance of coagulase-negative staphylococci as a cause of bacteremia in the newborn may explain the emergence of S epidermidis as an important cause of infective endocarditis in the neonatal intensive care unit. These cases underscore the potential severity of S epidermidis infection in the premature newborn.
Rethinking a Familiar Model: Psychotherapy and the Mental Health of Refugees

This paper examines with a somewhat critical eye the primary role that psychotherapy and other clinic-based services currently play in addressing the mental health needs of political refugees in the industrialized countries. Two factors are considered which suggest that refugee mental health needs might be better served by complementing clinic-based treatments with a variety of community-based interventions. The first factor concerns the pervasiveness of psychological distress within refugee communities, coupled with the reluctance of many refugees to utilize formal psychological and psychiatric services. This calls into question both the adequacy and appropriateness of clinical-based services as cornerstones of our response to the mental health needs of refugees. More precisely, it suggests the need to complement such services with a variety of culturally grounded, community-based strategies that do not require attendance in formal mental health settings. Second, recent findings have shown consistently that a considerable amount of the distress reported by refugees is related not to prior exposure to violent events, but to a constellation of exile-related stressors such as the loss of one's community and social network, the loss of important life projects, changes in socioeconomic status and related concerns about economic survival, the loss of meaningful structure and activity in daily life, and the loss of meaningful social roles. It is suggested that while psychotherapy can play an important adjunctive role in helping people confront these exile-related stressors, they may most effectively be addressed through targeted community-based interventions. Examples of such community-based approaches are briefly described, and suggestions are offered for community-level strategies that might be explored. The paper concludes by emphasizing the complementary nature of clinical and community-based programs, and by suggesting that psychotherapy might best be conceptualized as one component of a more comprehensive approach to addressing the mental health needs of refugee communities.
Primary colonic adenocarcinoma diagnosed with cutaneous shave biopsy

A 67-year-old man presented to the emergency department with chronic weakness, fatigue and failure to thrive. On physical examination, he was found to have multifocal exophytic cutaneous masses in the pubic and scrotal regions. We obtained a shave biopsy, and subsequent histopathology demonstrated non-native tissue consistent with metastasis from a primary adenocarcinoma. We report this novel case of anogenital cutaneous metastases of colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Predicting EMC emissions from printed circuit boards using numerical modeling tools

Most signals which cause emissions originate on the printed circuit (PC) board. Naturally, some of these signals are required for proper operation of the device, but often these required signals are coupled into areas where they were not intended and cause potential EMC emissions. Typical PC boards contain many traces which are closely packed together. This makes the analysis of potential emissions very complex and difficult. There is a need for automated prediction tools which divide the total PC board emissions problem into individual problems which can be analyzed quickly and accurately. While there is not one modeling tool which can predict emissions from a complete circuit board CAD file, there are many applications for modeling of emissions from PC boards. Each specific cause must be considered separately, and then modeled individually. This is likely to require a number of different modeling tools and techniques. This analysis is likely to require the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), the method of moments (MoM) and the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) modeling techniques, at different times, for different applications.
STRONG INTERIORITY AND (TRADITIONAL) THEISM: WHAT'S THE PROBLEM?

Central to Spinozism is the thesis that the immanence of the Divine Substance in the cosmos (in natural objects) is – like the immanence of the dancer in the dance –maximal or total. Just as the dance consists entirely of the dancer in aesthetically-stylized motion, so the domain of nature is nothing in addition to God in cosmic guise. Accordingly, natural objects constitute modes of God. Hence, Spinozism and (traditional) theism are obviously irreconcilable. For it is indispensable to theism that the immanence of God in the cosmos is not maximal; rather, that natural objects are distinct from the Divine Substance. Now it has standardly been presupposed by theists (and many others) that natural objects could not be distinct from God without being ontologically exterior to God; thus, that theism would readily collapse into Spinozism if the cosmos was interior to the Divine Substance. It seems to me that this is a long-standing mistake. After demonstrating that there is probative warrant for maintaining that theism requires the interiority of natural objects to God, there is shown to be more than adequate justification for denying that this necessitates the collapse of theism into Spinozism.
Simultaneous paired associate and verbal discrimination learning as a simulation of the double-function list

In the critical condition, the subject was required to learn associations between words in the pairs and to learn to identify simultaneously the word in each pair that had been underlined on study trials. Over trials, both types of responding were required for each pair. Control conditions were used to assess the influence of these procedures. Paired associate learning was only modestly impaired, but the verbal discrimination learning (identifying the underlined word) appeared comparable to that for a double-function verbal discrimination list. The correlational evidence indicated that insofar as the present procedures simulated a double-function list, the association between the words in a pair is not involved in a causal way for the small amount of learning that occurs across trials in a double-function list.