cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is patient reporting of interstitial cystitis symptoms comparable between two disease-specific indices?

Is patient reporting of interstitial cystitis symptoms comparable between two disease-specific indices?
Prospective Study of Serum Cholesterol Levels and Large-Bowel Cancer

Based on previous reports, it is uncertain whether serum cholesterol levels are inversely related to colon cancer risk. In this study, serum cholesterol levels were measured in 7926 Japanese-American men who were followed for over 20 years. Two hundred thirty-one incident cases of colon cancer and 97 cases of rectal cancer were identified. An increase in serum cholesterol levels was associated with a decrease in risk for colon cancer (P value for trend = .01) but not for rectal cancer. This association appeared stronger as the site of cancer moved from the sigmoid colon to the cecum. The data were further analyzed by interval from examination to diagnosis. The inverse association was present for colon cancer cases diagnosed within 10 years of examination (P value for trend less than .01), especially for cecum-ascending colon cancer cases (P less than .01). A similar inverse pattern was found for cecum-ascending colon cancer cases diagnosed after 10 years, but the association was not statistically significant. The results suggest that the preclinical effects of undiagnosed colon cancer contributed to the inverse association, but these effects do not entirely explain why the relationship with hypocholesterolemia was stronger in men who were subsequently diagnosed with right-sided colon cancer.
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Links the B Cell Receptor to Nuclear Factor κb Activation

The recognition of antigen by membrane immunoglobulin M (mIgM) results in a complex series of signaling events in the cytoplasm leading to gene activation. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, is essential for the full repertoire of IgM signals to be transduced. We examined the ability of BTK to regulate the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/Rel family of transcription factors, as the activation of these factors is required for a B cell response to mIgM. We found greatly diminished IgM- but not CD40-mediated NF-kappaB/Rel nuclear translocation and DNA binding in B cells from X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice that harbor an R28C mutation in btk, a mutation that produces a functionally inactive kinase. The defect was due, in part, to a failure to fully degrade the inhibitory protein of NF-kappaB, IkappaBalpha. Using a BTK-deficient variant of DT40 chicken B cells, we found that expression of wild-type or gain-of-function mutant BTK, but not the R28C mutant, reconstituted NF-kappaB activity. Thus, BTK is essential for activation of NF-kappaB via the B cell receptor.
Enhancement of melphalan activity by inhibition of DNA polymerase-α and DNA polymerase-β

Our previous studies exploring melphalan resistance in the human rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft TE-671 MR revealed elevation of DNA polymerase-α and DNA polymerase-β . The present study evaluated the alteration of melphalan activity in TE-671 (melphalan-sensitive) and TE-671 MR (melphalan-resistant) subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice after DNA polymerase-α was inhibited using aphidicolin glycinate (AG) and DNA polymerase-β was inhibited using dideoxycytidine (DDC). Administration of AG or DDC did not produce toxicity or demonstrate antineoplastic activity when given alone. AG (90 mg/m2) enhanced the activity of melphalan against TE-671, with growth delays increasing by 8.4, 15.8, and 21.2 days over the regimen with melphalan only. AG (180 mg/m2) only modestly increased melphalan activity against TE-671 MR, with the growth delays increasing from 9.6 and 12.1 days using melphalan alone to 12.1 and 14.5 days using melphalan plus AG. AG (180 mg/m2) plus melphalan (the dose lethal to 10% of animals) produced greater weight loss compared with melphalan alone, whereas DDC plus melphalan produced no additional toxicity. DDC modestly enhanced the activity of melphalan plus AG against TE-671 MR. AG plus O6-benzylguanine did not increase the activity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea against TE-671 or TE-671 MR. AG (90 mg/m2 and 180 mg/m2) inhibited DNA polymerase-α to 80% and 72% of control in TE-671 and 64% and 37% in TE-671 MR, and DDC inhibited DNA polymerase-β to 59% in TE-671 and 48% in TE-671 MR. These results suggest a role for AG-mediated enhancement of melphalan activity, particularly in the treatment of newly diagnosed, melphalan-sensitive tumors.
Synthesis of transition-metal fluoride garnets

Abstract The preparation of the fluoride garnets of the first-row transition metals (Na3M2Li3F12) has been studied. The fluoride garnets of manganese (III) and nickel (III) are reported for the first time, leaving only copper (III) garnet unachieved. By using a guideline based on the electronic configuration of the transition metal ion and its site symmetry in the cubic structure, the ease or difficulty of preparation of these garnets is systematized.
Decreased hydrogen sulphide content in valencia oranges after freeze damage

Abstract The hydrogen sulphide content of headspace gases above freshly extracted Valencia orange juice from freeze-damaged and control fruit was determined. The average value for control fruit was about three times higher than that for fruit suffering moderate to heavy freeze damage, indicating a potential use as an indicator of freeze damage to fresh citrus fruit.
Numerical simulation of semi-crystalline nylon 6: elastic constants of crystalline and amorphous parts

The elastic responses of crystalline and amorphous parts in semi-crystalline nylon 6 have been determined by computer simulation using the finite element method. Semi-crystalline nylon 6 has been modelled as a composite consisting of alternating layers of lamellar crystals and amorphous regions. Full morphological details identified previously by Lin and Argon in highly textured nylon 6 bulk samples have been incorporated in the model. An optimization scheme has been employed to search systematically for the individual components' elastic constants which give rise to a composite elastic behaviour as that measured by Lin and Argon. A two-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis has been performed to evaluate the composite elastic behaviour for a given set of constituents' elastic constants. The resulting elastic constants of semi-crystalline nylon 6 for the optimized values of crystalline and amorphous elastic properties were within 6% average error with the experimental data. The computations also revealed that a high stress concentration exists in the crystalline region. Therefore, experimental measurements of plastic resistance may represent a significant underestimate of the intrinsic critical resolved shear strength of polymer crystals.
Cloud-based integrative solution for personalized pain management

Pain is a leading cause of discomfort and loss of efficiency, with a total of 100 million people in the United States of America suffering from acute and chronic pain conditions [1]. In many types of pain conditions, it is not possible to completely alleviate the symptoms; hence there is a need to develop techniques to manage pain effectively. Some of the clinically used pain management tools are paper based, which is cumbersome. Hence we propose a cloud based universal pain management system. Our system is designed to collect data from users about the location and type of pain experienced by them and gives clinical interventions if the pain levels are greater than a personalized threshold for an extended duration. Pilot results have demonstrated that the usability levels of a portion of our system (SMS). Following IRB approval, we hope to recruit a total of 60 patients with four different causes of pain from Emory pain clinic to show usability of the complete system.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of sub-surface helium bubbles on hydrogen retention in tungsten

Abstract Nanometer-sized bubbles in tungsten containing various concentrations of helium and/or hydrogen gas were studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Bubbles of different sizes and compositions were relaxed and evolved at temperatures from 300 K to 2100 K. Helium atoms are evenly distributed inside the bubble at all temperatures, while the hydrogen tends to diffuse to the bubble periphery. In all cases a large amount of hydrogen is bound within the first 1–2 layers of the tungsten matrix surrounding the bubble, though clear dependencies on temperature and bubble composition were found.
Photocorrosion of n-GaAs and Passivation by Na2S: A Comparison of the (100), (110), and (111)B Faces

Photocorrosion of n-GaAs and passivation by Na2S have been studied in a working photoelectrochemical cell as a function of crystal face orientation. Time-resolved photoluminescence studies of the (100), (110), and (111)B faces of n-GaAs show that Na2S provides a similar degree of corrosion protection to the (100) and (110) faces, although the corrosion-induced surface states eventually formed at each interface are separated in energy by ∼300 meV. Unlike (100) and (110), the (111)B surface is not passivated by Na2S. The high density of intrinsic surface states at the (111)B n-GaAs surface, and the lack of removal of these states by Na2S, pins the Fermi level and prevents trap saturation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the three surfaces before and after Na2S treatment show a significant degree of arsenic sulfide bonding on (100) and (110). The (111)B face shows very little As−S bonding, indicating that formation of interfacial sulfides plays an important role in the reduction of interfacial t...
Delay analysis of a packet voice multiplexer by the Sigma D/sub i//D/1 queue

The performance of a statistical multiplexer whose inputs consist of a superposition of voice packet streams is studied. The delay for such a system is analyzed by solving the Sigma D/sub i//D/1 queue. The analytic method can be used to find the approximate mean delay for an arbitrarily large number of trunks and the approximate delay distribution when the number of trunks is less than 100. An efficient hybrid simulation of the packet voice multiplexer which can be used to find the delay distribution for a large number of trunks is presented. In addition, easily computable error bounds for the present approximation are provided, and the accuracy of the M/D/1 approximation is investigated. >
Acoustical characteristics of intended syllabic stress in excellent esophageal speakers.

The ability of excellent esophageal speakers to manipulate acoustical characteristics associated with intended syllabic stress was studied. Five excellent esophageal speakers and five sex- and age-matched normals produced 10 sentence pairs, each containing a bisyllabic stimulus item differing only in primary stress placement. The mean fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and duration of the stressed and unstressed vowel nuclei were analyzed. Although some differences in absolute levels were apparent, only sound pressure level differences reached statistical significance. For both groups, intended primary stress was associated with a comparable pattern of increased fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and duration. The present findings suggest that excellent esophageal speakers are capable of producing some correlates of primary syllabic stress in a fashion remarkably similar to but somewhat less consistent than normals. The implications of these data for long-range clinical planning are di...
Cloning and chromosomal mapping of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast and cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract Both cDNA and genomic clones for the nuclear genes encoding chloroplast (cp) (gapA and gapB) and cytosolic (gapC) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Arabidopsis thaliana have been isolated and characterized. Genomic Southern-blot analyses indicate that there is only one copy of each gapAgapB and gapC gene in A. thaliana. Comparison of the deduced amino acid (aa) sequences shows that the A and B subunits are highly similar (80% positional aa identity), while there is less similarity between the cp and cytosolic subunits (45 % aa identity). These relationships arc consistent with the idea that the cp and cytosolic GAPDHs evolved from different lineages, as suggested in our previous study of tobacco GAPDHs [Shih et al., Cell 47 (1986) 73–80]. In addition, the chromosomal locations for the three gup genes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping; the three gap genes are not closely linked, gapA (55.8 cM) and gapC (0.0 cM) are on chromosome 3, and gapB (51.3 cM) is on chromosome 1.
A survey of automated methods for sensemaking support

Complex, dynamic problems in general present a challenge for the design of analysis support systems and tools largely because there is limited reliable a priori procedural knowledge descriptive of the dynamic processes in the environment. Problem domains that are non-cooperative or adversarial impute added difficulties involving suboptimal observational data and/or data containing the effects of deception or covertness. The fundamental nature of analysis in these environments is based on composite approaches involving mining or foraging over the evidence, discovery and learning processes, and the synthesis of fragmented hypotheses; together, these can be labeled as sensemaking procedures. This paper reviews and analyzes the features, benefits, and limitations of a variety of automated techniques that offer possible support to sensemaking processes in these problem domains.
Room-temperature Coulomb staircase in semiconducting InP nanowires modulated with light illumination

Detailed electron transport analysis is performed for an ensemble of conical indium phosphide nanowires bridging two hydrogenated n + -silicon electrodes. The current–voltage (I –V ) characteristics exhibit a Coulomb staircase in the dark with a period of ∼1 V at room temperature. The staircase is found to disappear under light illumination. This observation can be explained by assuming the presence of a tiny Coulomb island, and its existence is possible due to the large surface depletion region created within contributing nanowires. Electrons tunnel in and out of the Coulomb island, resulting in the Coulomb staircase I –V . Applying light illumination raises the electron quasi-Fermi level and the tunneling barriers are buried, causing the Coulomb staircase to disappear. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Salinity, chloride, and density relationships in ion enriched Onondaga Lake, NY

The relationship between salinity (S), chlorinity (Cl) and density (d) for the ion polluted (S = 3 to 4.5‰) and stratified Onondaga Lake are presented. The data base includes 220 determinations of the major ionic components collected from ten equally spaced depths. The salinity (S) and ionic strength (I) in the lake can be estimated from S = 1.85 Cl − 0.28, where Cl is in g kg−1 and I = 1.456 [Cl−] − 0.039, where [Cl] is in mmol L−1. Due to the high concentration of Ca2+ in the lake, the seawater equation of state (Chen and Millero, 1977a) could not be used to estimate reliable densities for the lake (Δd ∼ 100 × 10−6 g cm−3). A reliable equation of state for Onondaga Lake was derived from the composition data $$d = d_0 + A_v {\text{ }}CL + B_v {\text{ }}Cl^{3/2} $$ where d0 is the density of water (g cm−3), Av is a temperature dependent parameter related to the infinite dilution apparent molal volumes and Bv is related to the ion-ion interactions of the lake salts. The high ionic content of the lake depresses the temperature of maximum density to 3.18°C and alters the stratification of the lake. The salinity component of the stratification represents 40% of the total density stratification.
Association between Ovarihysterectomy and Feline Mammary Carcinoma

The etiopathogenesis of feline mammary carcinoma is not well understood. Although putative, risk factors include breed, reproductive status, and regular exposure to progestins. An association between age at ovarihysterectomy (OHE) and mammary carcinoma development has not been established. Therefore, a case-control study was performed to determine the effects of OHE age, breed, progestin exposure, and parity on feline mammary carcinoma development. Cases were female cats diagnosed with mammary carcinoma by histological examination of mammary tissue. Controls were female cats not diagnosed with mammary tumors selected from the same biopsy service population. Controls were frequency matched to cases by age and year of diagnosis. Questionnaires were sent to veterinarians for 308 cases and 400 controls. The overall questionnaire response rate was 58%. Intact cats were significantly overrepresented (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–5.3, P < .001) in the mammary carcinoma population. Cats spayed prior to 6 months of age had a 91% reduction in the risk of mammary carcinoma development compared with intact cats (OR 0.9, CI = 0.03-0.24). Those spayed prior to 1 year had an 86% reduction in risk (OR 0.14, CI = 0.06-0.34). Parity did not affect feline mammary carcinoma development, and too few cats had progestin exposure to determine association with mammary carcinoma. Results indicate that cats spayed before 1 year of age are at significantly decreased risk of feline mammary carcinoma development.
Enzyme Amplified Array Sensing of Proteins in Solution and in Biofluids

We have developed an enzyme−nanoparticle sensor array where the sensitivity is amplified through enzymatic catalysis. In this approach cationic gold nanoparticles are electrostatically bound to an enzyme (β-galactosidase, β-Gal), inhibiting enzyme activity. Analyte proteins release the β-Gal, restoring activity and providing an amplified readout of the binding event. Using this strategy we have been able to identify proteins in buffer at a concentration of 1 nM, substantially lower than current strategies for array-based protein sensing. Moreover, we have obtained identical sensitivity in studies where the proteins are spiked into the complex protein matrix provided by desalted human urine (∼1.5 μM total protein; spiked protein concentrations were 0.067% of the overall protein concentration), demonstrating the potential of the method for diagnostic applications.
Relaxation and dephasing times in amorphous solids: a method for configurational averaging over the two-level systems

Abstract Recently derived analytic forms for the distribution functions for the two-level systems (TLS) of amorphous solids allow for simple configurational averaging of dynamical observables. Examples chosen include the one-phonon-assisted TLS relaxation frequency and the impurity optical dephasing due to off-diagonal modulation.
OPA 90: ENHANCED BY STATE PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PROGRAMS

ABSTRACT In the wake of the Exxon Valdez the federal government passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90). A number of recent publications have discussed the effects of OPA 90 on the occurrence of unauthorized discharges, but nothing to date has included the additional influence of state regulations in their analysis. To address oil spill response on a state level, agencies such as the Texas General Land Office Oil Spill Prevention and Response Division (TGLO) and the Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office (LOSCO) were created. Each state, given authority under similar Oil Spill Prevention and Response Legislation, regulates heavily industrialized coastlines. These agencies have developed a level of expertise in management and response to oil spills that compliment the federal oil spill response capabilities. This programmatic analysis of two adjacent state agencies will show that the interaction between state government, industry, and the public has a large influence on the effectiveness of OPA 90.
Liberalizing US spectrum allocation

Abstract In the US, adjudication of wireless entry under the “public interest” standard protects incumbent service providers. Excess demand exists for access to radio spectrum, despite a common misperception that license auctions held by regulators are tantamount to selling spectrum. Would-be suppliers are slowed by the regulatory process. After discussing the financial tolls extracted, the author suggests a number of structural policy reforms, applicable both to the USA and perhaps spectrum markets elsewhere. These include: permissive airwave use (within emission limits implicitly defined by the license); endowing licensees with use of adjacent buffer zones; exhaustive allocation of remaining bandwidth to new applicants and streamlining the process for entrants to gain access to unoccupied bandwidth, using liability rules and post-entry dispute resolution mechanisms.
Ionic channels in nerve membranes.

Abstract In summary a wide variety of experiments with axons provides kinetic, electrochemical, and pharmacological evidence that three types of channels through the membrane contribute to the ionic permeability changes underlying action potentials. In normal function one channel accounts for most of the movements of Na ions, another accounts for most of the movements of K ions, and the last accounts for the remaining “leakage” fluxes. The Na, K, and leakage channels seem to be independent specializations of the membrane. Theoretical, electrical, and pharmacological evidence suggest that Na channels are short narrow pores that open and close in an all-or-nothing fashion. An open Na channel in a squid giant axon may have a conductance of about 0.5 nmho. Very little is known about K and leakage channels except that K channels may be longer pores with a lower conductance than Na channels.
Computational studies of complexation of nitrous oxide by borane–phosphine frustrated Lewis pairs

Computational studies of complexes Ar3B–ONN–PR3 derived from reactions between borane–phosphine frustrated Lewis pairs and N2O reveal several interesting facets. Natural resonance theory calculations support a change in the preferred resonance structure as the Lewis acidity of the borane increases. Potential constitutional isomers where phosphorus binds to oxygen and boron to nitrogen are predicted to be unstable with respect to loss of phosphine oxide and free N2. Other constitutional isomers represent stationary points on the potential energy surface; most are considerably less stable than the observed complexes, but one is predicted to be as stable. This arises because the dominant resonance form combines alternating charge with the presence of a stabilizing NO double bond. The relationship between Lewis acidity and complex formation for a variety of boranes was explored; the results are consistent with the idea that greater Lewis acidity stabilizes both classical and frustrated Lewis acid–base pairs, but to differing degrees such that both types can entrap N2O. Calculations addressing the mechanism of complex formation suggest that N2O binds first through the nitrogen to the phosphine phosphorus of the FLP, whereupon boron coordinates the oxygen atom. Studies of the mechanism of the degenerate exchange reaction between (4-F–H4C6)3B–ONN–P(t-Bu)3 and B(C6H4–4-F)3, involves a “transition state”, with relatively short B–O distances, and so resembles a classical Ia process. The process involves two barriers, one associated with bringing the incoming borane into proximity with the oxygen, and the other associated with isomerising from a ladle-shaped cis–trans ct conformer to the observed trans–trans tt-type structure. The overall barrier for degenerate exchange was predicted to be between 65 and 110 kJ mol−1, in fair agreement with experiment. Similar studies of the reaction between (4-F–H4C6)3B–ONN–P(t-Bu)3 and B(C6F5)3 indicate that this process more closely resembles a classical Id process, in that the “transition state” involves long B–O distances. Derivatization of the complexed NNO fragment appears possible; interaction between (F5C6)3B–ONN–P(t-Bu)3 and MeLi suggests stability for the ion pairs (F5C6)3B–ON(Me)N–P(t-Bu)3−/Li+ and (F5C6)3B–ONN(Me)–P(t-Bu)3−/Li+.
A New Architecture For 2-D Array Neural Nets With An Electro-Optical Implementation

A new formulation for the processing of 2-D array images is introduced. The formulation is based on neural networks; consequently it possesses inherent fault-tolerance capabilities and exhibits impressive processing powers. The formulation essentially processes the 2-D input array to: (i) undergo two matrix multiplications, and then (ii) be processed via the usual thresholding and feedback which are characteristic of neural nets. Then an electro-optical implementation of our formulation is described. The implementation includes adaptations of the available incoherent optical techniques for the real-time multiplication of multiple matrices.
Au spreading on GaSb substrates

Abstract Gold spreading on monocrystal substrates of GaSb during thermal annealing at temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 400 °C is studied. The spreading areas form a geometrical pattern related to the crystallographic structure of the GaSb substrates as observed under optical and electron microscopy. The peripheries of the spreading areas are along the 〈110〉 and 〈100〉 crystallographic directions of GaSb substrates. A rim of almost constant width along the periphery of the spreading area is observed and indicates that the gold spreading is through a surface diffusion mechanism before the reaction with the underlying substrate. Two areas with different morphologies are observed by the SEM back-scattered-electron-image (BEI) method. The compositions in different areas are detected by the SEM energy dispersion (ED) X-ray spectra, and the probable reactions during thermal anneals are suggested.
The Role of Source Legitimacy in Sequential Request Strategies of Compliance

The foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face techniques for compliance were compared under conditions of high and low source legitimacy in a telephone survey. Calls were made to 240 people, employing either the FITD, DITF, or a control, requesting television viewing preferences for either a public interest group (high legitimacy) or a private consulting firm (low legitimacy). It was predicted that both techniques would be effective when legitimacy was high but that only the FITD would be effective when legitimacy was low. Compliance results supported this prediction, yielding a significant chi-square for response X strategy X source legitimacy. The results were interpreted in terms of the type of pressure or obligation that may follow from each strategy.
Occupational exposure to airborne endotoxins during poultry processing.

Airborne gram‐negative bacterial endotoxin levels were quantified in a live chicken hanging (shackling) room of a poultry processing plant. The mean respirable dust levels at the entrance and exit of the shackling line were 1.13 ± 0.72 and 0.72 ± 0.06 mg/m 3 , respectively, or approximately 6% of the total dust. Endotoxins constituted 43.3 ±2.8 μg per gram of respirable dust. Airborne endotoxins were present in the total dust at the mean level of 918.4 ± 159.0 ng/m 3 at the room entrance and 634.0 ±96.9 ng/m 3 at the exit, with respirable levels of 44.3 ± 7.8 and 33.6 ± 2.2 ng/m 3 . Inhalation of gram‐negative bacterial endotoxins can result in respiratory and systemic pathophysiology. The potential for adverse health effects in the working environment of the live poultry processing industry is discussed. Medical studies of workers in this area are required to confirm or deny the existence of occupationally related health effects.
Hardware-efficient VLSI implementation for 3-parallel linear-phase FIR digital filter of odd length

Based on fast FIR algorithms (FFA), this paper proposes new 3-parallel finite-impulse response (FIR) filter structures, which are beneficial to symmetric convolutions of odd length in terms of the hardware cost. The proposed 3-parallel FIR structures exploit the inherent nature of the symmetric coefficients of odd length, according to the length of filter, (N mod 3), reducing half the number of multipliers in subfilter section at the expense of additional adders in preprocessing and postprocessing blocks. The overhead from the additional adders in preprocessing and postprocessing blocks stay fixed, not increasing along with the length of the FIR filter, whereas the number of reduced multipliers increases along with the length of the FIR filter. For example, for a 81-tap filter, the proposed A structure saves 26 multipliers at the expense of 5 adders, whereas for a 591-tap filter, the proposed structure saves 196 multipliers at the expense of 5 adders still. Overall, the proposed 3-parallel FIR structures can lead to significant hardware savings for symmetric coefficients of odd length from the existing FFA parallel FIR filter, especially when the length of the filter is large.
Listening to Research Clients

As many researchers in engineering research organizations do not engage extensively in engineering practice, in the sense of routine involvement in design and operation activities, they may become out of touch with the needs of engineering practitioners and, thereby of research clients. To remain in touch and keep research relevant, it is important that researchers listen to what their research clients and sponsors say about their engineering and research needs. Technological progress, after all, is a two-way process between research and practice. Whereas researchers may provide special expertise and facilities for solving difficult engineering problems and for advancing engineering methodologies, research clients often provide critical insights and special knowledge and identify new research areas that, in turn, enable researchers to apply their expertise and facilities effectively and to sustain their research vitality. Experiences and perspectives of a university-based research institute, an institute of hydraulic research, are used herein to illustrate the importance of listening to the research client. The institute, a long established self-funding unit of a state engineering college, has maintained its vitality, in part, by nurturing close contacts with diverse engineering-practitioner clients.
Compliance and viscoelasticity of canine shoulders loaded in vitro.

Abstract Humeral and scapular components of normal canine shoulders were used to load each other in a special testing jig permitting measurement of subchondral plate deflection on each side of the joint. In elevent shoulders, at three loading rates, the humeral compliance (μ deflection kg load−1) was always greater than that of the glenoid fossa (geometric mean ratio = 6.0). On sustained compression, there was prominent stress relaxation most suggestive of intraosseous hydraulic flow.
Reproduction of the intertidal barnacle Balanus glandula along an estuarine gradient

The barnacle Balanus glandula is predominantly an open coast species in the Northeast Pacific. However, B. glandula densely inhabits estuaries where environmental conditions such as salinity and temperature drastically differ from the open coast. The increased variability of environmental conditions within an estuary can potentially affect spatial patterns of reproduction in B. glandula. I examined gonad maturity, reproductive periodicity and fecundity, and then calculated reproductive output in B. glandula populations distributed along an estuarine gradient. Results indicated that reproductive output of this intertidal barnacle decreased four times over a spatial scale of kilometers, as a transition occurred from a marine to a freshwater habitat along an estuarine gradient. Additionally, a higher proportion of the population had well-developed gonads in the oceanic end of the estuary compared to the riverine end. These results indicate how reproductive pattern can significantly vary over a spatial scale of kilometers, resulting in site-specific contributions of offspring to the larval pool.
Real-time order tracking for supply systems with multiple transportation stages

Abstract This paper presents a stochastic model that evaluates the value of real-time shipment tracking information for supply systems that consist of a retailer, a manufacturer, and multiple stages of transportation. The retailer aggregates demand for a single product from end customers and places orders on the manufacturer. Orders received by the manufacturer may take several time periods before they are fulfilled. Shipments dispatched by the manufacturer move through multiple stages before they reach the retailer, where each stage represents a physical location or a step in the replenishment process. The lead time for a new order depends on the number of unshipped orders at the manufacturer’s site and the number and location of all shipments in transportation. The analytic model uses real-time information on the number of orders unfulfilled at the manufacturer’s site, as well as the location of shipments to the retailer, to determine the ordering policy that minimizes the long-run average cost for the retailer. It is shown that the long-run average cost is lower with real-time tracking information, and that the cost savings are substantial for a number of situations. The model also provides some guidelines for operating this supply system under various scenarios. Numerical examples demonstrate that when there is a lack of information it is better for the retailer to order every time period, but with full information on the status in the supply system it is not always necessary for the retailer to order every time period to lower the long-run average cost.
THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY TO MEDICAL EDUCATION

In an admirable paper before the Sixty-fifth Convocation of the University of Chicago, in December, 1907, Dr. William Henry Welch,1professor of pathology in Johns Hopkins University, pointed out with clearness that the historical and right home of the medical school is the university, and that it should be an integral part of it, coordinate with other departments. In the discussion of this matter he called attention to the fact that no other type of medical school has existed on the continent of Europe other than that which was under the fostering care and which shared the ideals of the university. It was under similar ideals that the medical school in this country began, and Dr. Welch traced with admirable clearness the story of the transfer of medical education from the university to the proprietary medical school. He called attention to the fact that the proprietary school in higher education
The algebra generated by two commuting matrices

A simplification is given of the proof by Barria and Halmos that the algebra generated by two commuting n×n matrices over a field has dimension ≥n Using the same approach, it is shown that if M is a finitely-generated torsion module over a principal ideal domain R. and if . then the R-subalgebra of EndR(M) generated by b is isomorphic as an R-module to a submodule of M.
Repair of rat liver DNA in vivo damaged by ethylene dibromide

Abstract Tube feeding of [14C]Jethylene dibromide (EDB) to non-fasted rats resulted in the incorporation of the radioactivity into liver DNA, RNA and protein. Using alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients, it was observed that administration of the pesticide to non-fasted rat caused slower sedimentation of liver DNA in alkaline and not in neutral sucrose gradients. Slower sedimentation of liver DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients was apparent within 2 hr after the administration of a dose of 22 mg/100 g or 4 hr after a dose of 7.5 mg/100 g of body weight. Using a dose of 7.5 mg/100 g, the EDB-induced liver DNA damage was repaired significantly by 17.5 hr and almost completely by 96 hr. Administration of diethyldithiocarbamate, a free radical scavenger, did not inhibit liver DNA damage caused by EDB.
Icosahedral microclusters a possible structural unit in amorphous metals

A model for amorphous metals is proposed. The model is based on the 13 atom icosahedron which is the minimum energy structure for a 13 atom cluster. An amorphous metal is considered as containing a high density of these structural units. The material surrounding the icosahedra is partially ordered. The spaces between the ordered regions may be disordered. This model successfully accounts for the experimental interference functions in amorphous materials. It is explained, why, physically, such a structure should be expected to form. It is also shown that structures such as that proposed are observed when, in a computer experiment, a liquid is quenched very rapidly into the solid phase. Es wird ein Modell fur amorphe Metalle vorgeschlagen. Das Modell beruht auf dem 13-atomigen Ikosaeder, der die Minimumstruktur fur ein 13-atomiges Cluster darstellt. Es wird angenommen, das ein amorphes Metall eine hohe Dichte dieser Struktureinheiten enthalt. Das Material, das die Ikosaeder umgibt, ist teilweise geordnet. Die Raume zwischen den geordneten Bereichen konnen fehlgeordnet sein. Dieses Modell erklart erfolgreich die experimentellen Interferenzfunktionen in amorphen Materialien. Es wird erklart, warum physikalisch erwartet werden kann, das sich eine derartige Struktur bildet. Es wird auch gezeigt, das Strukturen, wie die vorgeschlagene, dann beobachtet werden. wenn in einem Computerexperiment eine Flussigkeit sehr schnell auf die feste Phase abgeschreckt wird.
Errors in the Measurement of the Temperature of the Moon

Errors in interpreting lunar surface temperature data obtained by instruments above earth atmosphere
Two -dimensional optical processing of one- dimensional acoustic data

The concept of carrier-mean-frequency-selective convolution is introduced to solve the undersea problem of passive acoustic surveillance (PAS) and compared with the conventional notion of difference-frequency Doppler-corrected correlation. The former results in the cross-Wigner distribution function (WD), and the latter results in the cross-ambiguity function (AF). When the persistent time of a sound emitter is more important than the characteristic tone of the sound emitter, WD will be more useful than AF for PAS activity detection, and vice versa. Their mutual relationships with the instantaneous power spectrum (IPS) show the importance of the phase information that must be kept in any 2-D representation of a 1 -D signal. If a square-law detector is used, or an unsymmetric version of WD or AF is gener-ated, then one must produce the other 2-D representations directly, rather than transform one to the other.
Acceleration of the Movat Pentachrome One Stain by Heat

The conventional staining time for Movat's pentachrome I stain (Arch. Path., 60: 289–295, 1955) was shortened from about 18–19 hr to about 2.5 hr. The ammoniated alcohol and the resorcin-fuchsin staining baths were heated to 56 C. All other steps in the technic were performed at 25–27 C. Staining properties of paraffin sections of many types of tissue fixed in formalin, formol-sublimate-acetic, or in Bouin's fluid, showed that staining with resorcin-fuchsin at the elevated temperature gave the same results as staining at room temperature.
Patients as educators: Contemporary application of an old educational strategy to promote patient-centered care

Patients first. Patient-centered care. Patient-centered medical homes. The patient experience. Today, it is hard to miss the appeal for patient-centered care in US health care reform, as well as in national and professional publications. If patients are the focus, shouldn’t they formally contribute to nursing and other health professions education? The earlier in their education students understand patients’ perspectives, the better they can integrate patients’ reality into their practice. Experiencing the health care maze through the perspective of a patient or family living with disability, cancer, chronic disease, or dementia has an indelible impact on a learner’s practice. While simulation, standardized patients, and problem- based learning are excellent educational strategies, patients as teachers in the classroom creatively, efficiently, and memorably bring life to multiple concepts and content areas far more effectively than an abstract case, lecture, and/or bulleted slides. This article presents a brief history of patient teachers, and the authors’ experiences of integrating them into the nursing curriculum. Students enjoyed learning, participated enthusiastically, and evaluated these classes at the highest level. Patients found teaching empowering and were proud to teach future nurses.
Multicanonical Monte Carlo of first- and second-order PMD

It is shown in this paper that the multicanonical Monte Carlo method can be used to simultaneously compute first- and second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) statistics, demonstrating that it has the potential to produce results similar to those obtained with importance sampling.
Dirty teeth and ancient trade: Evidence of cotton fibres in human dental calculus from Late Woodland, Ohio

Analysis of ancient human dental calculus for the presence of inclusions related to diet and dental health has been overlooked in anthropological literature. Small particles of archaeobotanical debris, which would otherwise not be preserved in the archaeological record, can become incorporated into unmineralised plaque on teeth during mastication and oral manipulation. When plaque mineralises into calculus, debris is preserved in situ. Samples of dental calculus (n = 18) were collected from the Danbury site (33OT16) in Ottawa County, Ohio and viewed under a scanning electron microscope for inclusions. Analysis yielded a variety of noticeable inclusions, including mineralised bacteria, calcium-phosphate crystalline structures and numerous phytoliths. Here we report the first evidence of fibres consistent with cotton (Gossypium spp.) embedded in the dental calculus from the Late Woodland component (900–1100 AD) of the Danbury site. Prehistoric cotton has not been previously documented in Ohio. The distinct morphology of the Danbury cotton and its presence in the Late Woodland component at Danbury suggests long-distance interaction at a time in Ohio when movement of exotic goods appeared to have diminished. These microscopic remains provide insight into paleoethnobotanical history of ancient Ohioans and attest to how analysis of dental calculus could be used to supplement other paleodietary and archaeological analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of chronic post-traumatic dislocation of the radial head in children

Seven children with chronic post-traumatic dislocation of the radial head were treated by open reduction and ligament reconstruction by a triceps tendon slip. In the four patients with anterior dislocation, good results were achieved; in the two with anterolateral dislocations bowing of the ulna persisted and subluxation recurred. One patient with an anterior dislocation developed a radio-ulnar synostosis. For anterolateral dislocations, we advise the combining of open reduction and ligament reconstruction with osteotomy of the ulna.
Translation Barriers in Conducting Qualitative Research With Spanish Speakers

Cross-cultural qualitative research is rare and challenging because of difficulties of collecting reliable and valid information when conducting research in a language other than the researcher's primary language. Although standards of rigor exist for the data collection, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of qualitative data, no such standards exist for translation of translinguistic qualitative research. Therefore, a new methodology modeled after Brislin's translation principles was utilized with 60 Latino participants experiencing side effects as a result of prostate cancer treatment. Interviews were conducted in Spanish, transcribed verbatim, and then translated by research staff. By adapting Brislin's process, a new methodology was developed that more accurately conveys the true meaning of the participant's experience, is more appropriate and meaningful, and opens doors to researchers interested in conducting research in a language other than their own, while at the same time ensuring the reliab...
Microsurgical anatomy of the transsylvian translimen insula approach to the mediobasal temporal lobe: Technical considerations and case illustration.

Background: Various vascular, neoplastic, and epileptogenic pathologies occur in the mediobasal temporal region. A transsylvian translimen insula (TTI) approach can be used as an alternative to temporal transcortical approach to the mediobasal temporal region. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the surgical anatomy of the TTI approach, including the gyral, sulcal, and vascular anatomy in and around the limen insula. The use of this approach is illustrated in the resection of a complex arteriovenous malformation.
Using non-volatile storage to improve the reliability of RAID5 disk arrays

RAID5 disk arrays are becoming popular solutions for providing fast access to data for transaction processing applications. They provide good performance at low cost without sacrificing much data reliability. Their main drawback is poor performance for small write requests. Techniques for using non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) have been proposed for improving the performance of these write requests. The paper shows that NVRAM and other nonvolatile devices can also be used to improve the reliability of an array by significantly reducing the time required to repair a failed disk: in the array in the event of a single disk failure. More importantly, proper use of these non-volatile devices allows the array to support heavier workloads than previously reported yet still repair a failed disk in a reasonable amount of time.
Acetylcholine Elicits a Rebound Stimulation of Ca2+ Current Mediated by Pertussis Toxin–Sensitive G Protein and cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A in Atrial Myocytes

Abstract Cholinergic inhibition of atrial contraction is typically followed by a rebound positive inotropic response. In the present study, we used a nystatin–perforated patch whole-cell recording method to determine whether acetylcholine (ACh) elicits a rebound stimulation of L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) in cat atrial myocytes. ACh (1 μmol/L) decreased basal ICa,L (−19±2%). Within ≈30 s of returning to ACh-free solution, basal ICa,L exhibited a rebound increase above the control level (+61±7%) that returned to the control level within 4 to 5 minutes. ACh elicited concomitant changes in cell shortening, ie, a decrease followed by a rebound increase. The EC50 and maximal response of ACh-induced inhibition and rebound stimulation of ICa,L were 1.9×10−9 mol/L and −30%, respectively, and 2.9×10−8 mol/L and +64%, respectively. All effects of ACh on ICa,L were blocked by prior exposure to 1 μmol/L atropine or 100 μmol/L AFDX116 and unaffected by 0.2 μmol/L pirenzepine or 1 μmol/L propranolol. In the presence of ...
Marian Tolpin: Forward Edge Thinker, Clinician, and Teacher

In this tribute to Marian Tolpin, I suggest that her concept of forward and trailing edge transferences is compatible with an intersubjective systems view of development and psychoanalysis. Certainly in keeping with this approach was her insistence that the analyst monitor her countertransference and that she also interpret forward and trailing edge transference phenomena in the context of the analyst's here-and-now failures, as well as in the context of their origins in the patient's history. Marian pointed out that forward edge transference interpretations, in particular, can help the patient make sense of his or her experience, or can “make it comprehensible.” I also include a brief excerpt from an online seminar led by Marian in 2004, in which participants discussed Marian's 2002 article, “Doing Psychoanalysis of Normal Development: Forward Edge Transferences.” I describe some of the special qualities that Marian brought to her teaching, suggesting that as a teacher no less than as an analyst, she fun...