cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mating behaviour of the golden hamster under seminatural conditions

Abstract The female is highly aggressive towards the male during days 1 and 2 of the oestrous cycle. On day 3 she attracts the male via a ‘trail’ of vaginal marks concurrent with the display of a submissive tail-up response. This usually results in the two animals sharing the female's nest-box during the day preceding receptivity. When both animals are free to interact throughout the 4-day oestrous cycle, lordosis is limited almost entirely (93%) to the female hamster's living area and 49% of lordosis occurs within the female's nest box. Following about 60 min of mating, the female drives the male from her area, retrieves his food supply, and by aggressive interactions, sequesters the male in the corner of his area most distant from her nest site. When the male and female are first allowed contact after the female is receptive, initiation of interaction occurs when the female first encounters the male. This is usually in the male's area and 72% of lordosis time occurs in the male's area.
Estimating wide-angle, spatially varying reflectance using time-resolved inversion of backscattered light

Imaging through complex media is a well-known challenge, as scattering distorts a signal and invalidates imaging equations. For coherent imaging, the input field can be reconstructed using phase conjugation or knowledge of the complex transmission matrix. However, for incoherent light, wave interference methods are limited to small viewing angles. On the other hand, time-resolved methods do not rely on signal or object phase correlations, making them suitable for reconstructing wide-angle, larger-scale objects. Previously, a time-resolved technique was demonstrated for uniformly reflecting objects. Here, we generalize the technique to reconstruct the spatially varying reflectance of shapes hidden by angle-dependent diffuse layers. The technique is a noninvasive method of imaging three-dimensional objects without relying on coherence. For a given diffuser, ultrafast measurements are used in a convex optimization program to reconstruct a wide-angle, three-dimensional reflectance function. The method has potential use for biological imaging and material characterization.
Safety Effectiveness of Actuated Advance Warning Systems

Driver behavior within the dilemma zone can be a major safety concern at high-speed signalized intersections. The Nebraska Department of Roads (DOR) has developed and implemented an actuated advance warning dilemma zone protection system. This paper investigates the impact that system has had on safety at high-speed signalized intersections. The operating algorithm has been designed such that the system continually monitors an upstream detector, as well as traffic at the intersection, to predict the onset of the yellow signal indication. Flashing beacons are used to warn drivers of the impending end of the green indication. Although these systems have received positive reviews from the public—and commercial vehicle operators in particular—there has been no comprehensive analysis of their effect on safety. The focus of this research was to address this evaluative need and provide answers about the effectiveness of the Nebraska DOR system in improving safety. Crash records from before and after the implemen...
Development and testing of the patient expectations and satisfaction with prenatal care instrument.

Addressing consumer needs requires the development of a valid means of specifically measuring pregnant women's satisfaction with prenatal care. This study's purpose was to develop items for, to pilot-test, and to examine the structural validity of the Patient Expectations and Satisfaction with Prenatal Care (PESPC) instrument. Extant literature and information obtained from focus groups were used in the development. The PESPC was pilot-tested with a sample of 114 pregnant women receiving prenatal care. To structurally validate the PESPC, data collected from 587 women who participated in a cross-sectional, self-administered survey were used. Structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to develop and cross-validate the PESPC. The PESPC was found to be structurally valid, and the subscales of Expectations and Satisfaction demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency.
Impedance and voltammetric studies of electrogenerated polyaniline conducting films

Abstract Polyaniline thin films were electrochemically synthesized from aniline in three acids: sulfuric, hydrochloric and perchloric. Cyclic voltammetry was used in the electrosynthesis, and the relationship of voltammetric parameters the properties of the conductive form of the films were investigated. The main tool for film characterization was impedance spectroscopy. Semi-automated plotting of three-dimensional Argand diagrams with a potential parameter was used for synoptic view of the system and nonlinear least-square data fitting was used for rigorous treatment. Charge storage capacity, resistance and changes in constant phase element parameters were analyzed in relation to the use of the three acidic media.
Dimensions of Occupational Inequality and Duncan's Socioeconomic Index'

Using the original 1962 Blau and Duncan data for white males, I compare relative amounts of inequality in the distributions of occupational prestige, earnings, autonomy, and job skills. Also assessed are the degree of “status rigidity” (or intercorrelations) among these four dimensions of occupational inequality and the simultaneous relations among these four dimensions in a father-to-son occupational mobility model. These findings are compared to those obtained with Duncan's socioeconomic index to determine whether additional information can be obtained when using independent measures representing the multiple dimensions of occupational inequality versus using the SEI alone. Only minor discrepancies are found, and these relate to autonomy and earnings.
Resolution of activated and unactivated forms of the glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver.

Abstract Two forms of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor corresponding to the unactivated and activated states of the receptor were separated by rapid ion exchange chromatography on minicolumns of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephadex and carboxymethyl (CM)-Sephadex. The more acidic form (D A ) required a very high salt concentration to be eluted from DEAE-Sephadex and has not been reported previously. The identity of this form with the unactivated receptor which will not bind to CM-Sephadex (C A ) was established. The more basic form (D B = C B ), which was eluted at a lower salt concentration (0.18 m ) from DEAE-Sephadex, could also bind to CM-Sephadex, indicating the presence of both positively and negatively charged regions on its surface. Since it was more easily eluted from CM-Sephadex than from DEAE-Sephadex, it was probably an acidic protein with a localized basic region. D A was converted to D B by heat and at 0 °C under the conditions associated with the Chromatographie procedure. The conversion was augmented in the presence of Tris buffer at higher pH but inhibited by phosphate buffer at a reduced pH.
An Expansion of the Neoclassical Horizon in Economics: The Rent–Seeking Research Program Brings in the Nuances of Social and Political Control

. The terms of discourse in the Neoclassical school of economic theory have constrained its ability to develop the connections between the economic and the social and political spheres. Building on the logic of the rent–seeking research program a systematic connection is developed. A taxonomy of distribution is presented in which rent and profit ate identified as distributions to control over productive factors. The structure of control embodied in social and political institutions largely determines who controls these productive factors and therefore who receives the distributions to control: profit and rent. The distinction between profit and rent relates to opportunity cost. Profit is a distribution to control equal to opportunity cost and is therefore allocatively necessary. Rent is a return above and beyond opportunity cost and is not allocatively necessary. By clarifying the role of rent and profit in Neoclassical theory the interconnection between the social, political, and economic spheres is systematically integrated into the theory.
Damage Pre-Cursors Based Prognostication of Accrued Damage and Assessment of Operational Readiness of Leadfree Electronics

Electronics in high reliability applications may be stored for extended periods of time prior to deployment. Prior studies have shown the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the SAC leadfree alloys reduces under prolonged exposure to high temperatures [Zhang 2009]. The thermal cycle magnitudes may vary over the lifetime of the product. Long-life systems may be re-deployed several times over the use life of the product. Previously, the authors have identified damage pre-cursors for correlation of the damage progression with the microstructural evolution of damage in second level interconnects [Lall 2004a-d, 2005a-b, 2006a-f, 2007a-e, 2008a-f, 2009a-d, 2010a-j]. Leadfree assemblies with Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder have been subjected to variety of thermal aging conditions including 60°C, 85°C and 125°C for periods of time between 1-week and 2-months, thermal cycling from −55°C to 125°C, −40°C to 95°C and 3°C to 100°C. The presented methodology uses leading indicators of failure based on microstructural evolution of damage to identify accrued damage in electronic systems subjected to sequential stresses of thermal aging and thermal cycling. Damage equivalency relationships have been developed to map damage accrued in thermal aging to the reduction in thermo-mechanical cyclic life based on damage proxies. Accrued damage between different thermal cyclic magnitudes has also been mapped for from −55°C to 125°C, −40°C to 95°C and 3°C to 100°C thermal cycles. The presented method for interrogation of the accrued damage for the field deployed electronics, significantly prior to failure, may allow insight into the damage initiation and progression of the deployed system. The expected error with interrogation of system state and assessment of residual life has been quantified.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A Lateral-Field-Excited Acoustic Wave Peroxide Based Explosive Sensor

Due to the extensive use of peroxide based explosives (PBEs) in terrorist and insurgent activities, the need for a rapid and accurate PBE sensor is paramount. PBEs can be prepared from items found ubiquitously such as acetone and hydrogen peroxide. Current tests to detect PBEs typically require swabbing of suspected items, which is time consuming and may not be remotely deployed. The results of such tests are qualitative in nature and false positives are common. A need exists for a sensor that can detect PBE constituents in air. This paper investigates the utility of employing the lateral field excited (LFE) acoustic wave sensor platform for PBE detection. Specifically, polymer films that are sensitive to both acetone and hydrogen peroxide vapors emitted from PBEs have been deposited on an LFE platform. The resulting sensor has been demonstrated to be capable of identifying ppm concentrations of the PBE constituent vapors in air in the presence of an interferant, i.e., water vapor.
THE VARIETIES OF SELECTIONAL EXPERIENCE IN BEHAVIORAL GENETICS

“There appears to be no character-morphogenetic, behavioral, physiological, or cytological-that cannot be selected in Drosophila.” R. Lewontin (1974)
Structural and microwave absorption properties of Ni(1−x)Co(x)Fe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) nanoferrites synthesized via co-precipitation route

Abstract Ni–Co nanoferrites show excellent magneto-dielectric properties and these materials can be used to miniaturize the size of the high frequency devices which is the order of the day. Nanocrystalline Ni–Co ferrites having general formula Ni1−xCoxFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) were prepared by co-precipitation method. The structural morphology of the prepared samples was carried out using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the spherical shaped nanoparticles varying in the range of 16–40 nm. The complex relative permittivity (ɛr) and complex relative permeability (μr) were measured using vector network analyzer for all the samples in the frequency range of 1 MHz to 3 GHz. The variation of complex relative permittivity (ɛr) as a function of frequency is explained in accordance with Maxwell–Wagner model and Koop's phenomenological theory. The effect of frequency and cobalt concentration on permeability are reported. The reflectivity (R) of nanoferrites is also calculated. The value of minimum reflection loss (RL) is about −18 dB at 2.45 GHz with a thickness of 2.1 ± 0.1 mm. The results indicate that Ni1−xCoxFe2O4 nanoparticles have excellent microwave absorbing properties and have a great potential for military use.
Separation of Oxygen and Nitrogen Using 5A Zeolite and Carbon Molecular Sieves

Abstract The performance of 5A zeolite and a carbon sieve produced from coal for the separation of O2 and N2 from air has been studied. In static adsorption at 25°C, the zeolite took up more N2 than O2. Conversely, for short adsorption times, the carbon sieve took up more O2 than N2. This behavior was reflected when air was passed through adsorbent beds. For the zeolite, enriched O2 was recovered in the outlet; for carbon, enriched N2 was recovered. Possibilities for improving the performance of the carbon sieve are discussed.
Parallel execution for serial simulators

This article describes an approach to discrete event simulation modeling that appears to be effective for developing portable and efficient parallel execution of models of large distributed systems and communication networks. In this approach, the modeler develops submodels with an existing sequential simulation modeling tool, using the full expressive power of the tool. A set of modeling language extensions permits automatically sychronized communication between submodels; however, the automation requires that any such communication must take a nonzero amount of simulation time. Within this modeling paradigm, a variety of conservative synchronization protocols can transparently support conservative execution of submodels on potentially different processors. A specific implementation of this approach, U.P.S. (Utilitarian Parallel Simulator), is described, along with performance results on the Intel Paragon and on the IBM SP2.
Immune thrombocytopenia in severe neonatal infections

Thrombocytopenia occurs frequently in newborn infants with sepsis, but the exact mechanism remains obscure in those infants who do not have evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Since recent work has suggested a possible immune mechanism for thrombocytopenia observed in adults with sepsis, we have investigated the role of platelet-associated immunoglobulin in severe neonatal infections. To detect PAIgG we use a method employing protein A and peroxidase-antiperoxidase as a labeled antibody. PAIgG was quantitated by phase contrast microscopy and expressed as a reactive index. Our control group included 16 normal newborn infants whose mean RI was 0.65±0.01 SE. In addition to the control group, five infants with nonimmune thrombocytopenia were included; their mean RI was 0.66±0.01 SE. Seventeen newborn infants with severe infections were assayed for PAIgG. Eight of nine infants with bacterial infections had increased RI, with a mean of 1.16±0.03 SE ( P P
T-height in weakly o-minimal structures

Given a weakly o-minimal theory T, the T-height of an element of a model of T is defined as a means of classifying the order of magnitude of the element. If T satisfies some easily met technical conditions, then this classification is coarse enough for a Wilkie-type inequality: given a set of elements of a model of T, each of which has a different T-height, the cardinality of this set is at most 1 plus the minimum cardinality of a set that generates the structure.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of a new crystal form of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase from Nitrosomonas europaea.

Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) from Nitrosomonas europaea is a homotrimeric protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hydroxylamine to nitrite. Each monomer, with a molecular weight of 67.1 kDa, contains seven c-type hemes and one heme P460, the porphyrin ring of which is covalently linked to a tyrosine residue from an adjacent subunit. HAO was first crystallized and structurally characterized at a resolution of 2.8 A in 1997. The structure was solved in space group P63 and suffered from merohedral twinning. Here, a crystallization procedure is presented that yielded untwinned crystals belonging to space group P21212, which diffracted to 2.25 A resolution and contained one trimer in the asymmetric unit. The unit-cell parameters were a = 140.7, b = 142.6, c = 107.4 A.
On the Elastodynamic Response of Thick Multilayered Plates Subjected to Impact Loads

Abstract The transient axisymmetric response of thick multilayered plates is considered from a dynamic elasticity point of view. The analysis is based on an exact elasticity formulation and analytical solution, via eigenfunction expansion, for a plate comprised of an arbitrary number of perfectly bonded isotropic layers of arbitrarily differing thicknesses and material properties. Results of numerical simulations based on the exact solution are presented for a single layer plate, for sandwich plates and for bilaminates with a central “adhesive” layer. In each case, frequency spectra and physical through the thickness depictions of selected individual elastodynamic modes representative of the various branches of the spectrum are computed and compared. A forcing function is formulated to simulate transverse impact and results corresponding to both “long” and “short” duration normal impact of each structure are presented in the form of physical depictions of the entire deformed cross-section of the structure as a function of time. In addition, the degree of participation of the various modes for the transient response is monitored by a scaled shade intensity of the frequency spectrum plot. The dimensions of the impactor considered are on the order of the overall thickness of the plate, and the responses are seen to capture the critical wave behavior in the vicinity of the impactor.
Working through Ruins: Berlin's Neues Museum

The article traces the history of Berlin's Neues Museum and its entanglement with ruin discourse from the building's Prussian beginning through the reopening of the museum in 2009 and to a recent special exhibition, “Der Berliner Skulpturenfund. ‘Entartete’ Kunst im Bombenschutt” (“Berlin's Sculpture Find: ‘Degenerate’ Art in Bomb Debris”). Read as an allegory of Germany's verletztes Gedachtnis (“wounded memory”), the museum achieves an intricate balance: one between holding open and aestheticizing the violence that attended both its foundation and its destruction.
The methods of RF phase locked loops for active mode‐locking picosecond laser with different repetition rates

The novel methods of RF phase locked loops for picosecond laser system with four repetition rate 402.5 MHz, 1.792 GHz, 10 GHz, and 40 GHz have been presented in this article. Double loop integration parameter adjustment has been used to provide suitable feedback optical-RF signal controlling. Four kinds of RF phase locked loops ways for different repetition rates' picosecond laser system have been introduced with complete configuration and analysis. To different microwave frequency range, different PLL method has been adopted to fit the demand of reducing phase noise and jitters while to get better pulse output feature. Data are obtained from experiments to make measurement of the pulse output performance and phase noise. Agreement of the theoretical and experimental results confirms the applicability of these phase locked loops design methods and theoretical analysis given in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2886–2892, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24803
The Direction of Cyclic Stretch-Induced Cell and Stress Fiber Alignment Depends on Matrix Rigidity

We have previously reported that stress fibers (SFs) in cells with normal contractility reorient perpendicular to the direction of cyclic stretch [1], while cells treated with inhibitors of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) or members of the Rho GTPase pathway oriented parallel to the direction of stretch [1, 2]. Our theoretical modeling predicts that myosin II acts as a tension sensor acting to maintain SF tension through sliding along actin filaments under low strain rates or promoting SF reorientation under high strain rates [3]. This model predicts that SFs on stiff elastic substrates are at an optimal level of tension and that cyclic stretching subjects these SFs to excessive loads in the direction of stretch, hence SFs preferentially orient away from the direction of stretch. On soft substrate, intracellular tension is expected to be much lower than on stiff substrates [4]. Consequently, we postulated that stretching cells on a soft substrate would induce cell and SF alignment parallel to the direction of stretch in a manner dependent on cell contractility.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Heuristics for a new model of facility layout

Abstract We define a new model for facility layout and present some heuristics for its solution. The model presents a more realistic representation of the problem than previous ones in that facilities which are nonadjacent yet “close” to each other are compensated in the determination of the optimal adjacency subgraph. Empirical results comparing the heuristics with the method of Leung [11] are also reported.
Multiple factors affect pest and pathogen damage on 31 Populus clones in South Carolina

Abstract Populus species and hybrids have many practical applications, but there is a paucity of data regarding selections that perform well in the southeastern US. We compared pest susceptibility of 31 Populus clones over 3 years in South Carolina, USA. Cuttings were planted in spring 2001 on two study sites. Clones planted in the bottomland site received granular fertilizer yearly and irrigation the first two years only, while those on the sandy, upland site received irrigation and fertilization throughout each growing season. Foliar damage by the cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta), cottonwood leafcurl mite (Tetra lobulifera), and poplar leaf rust (Melampsora medusae) was visually monitored several times each growing season. Damage ratings differed significantly among clones, and clonal rankings changed from year to year. Irrigation increased C. scripta and M. medusae damage, but had no effect on T. lobulifera damage. Certain clones received greater pest damage at a particular study site. Temporal damage patterns were evident among individual clones and on each site. At the upland site, OP367 and 7300502 were highly resistant to all three pests; I45/51 was highly resistant to C. scripta and M. medusae; NM6 and 15–29 were highly resistant to M. medusae; and 7302801 was highly resistant to T. lobulifera and M. medusae. At the bottomland site, NM6, Eridano, I45/51, and 7302801 were highly resistant to all three pests; clone 7300502 was highly resistant to M. medusae only. Based on this preliminary 3-year study of pest damage levels, we would recommend clones NM6, Eridano, I45/51, OP367, 15–29, 7302801, 7300502, and Kentucky 8 for use in this region.
Induced Spawning of Rainbow Sharks (Labeo erythrurus) and Redtail Black Sharks (L. bicolor)

Abstract Rainbow sharks and redtail black sharks, both cyprinids, were induced to spawn with combination injections of either carp pituitary extract plus human chorionic gonadotropin or reserpme plus luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRH-A; des-gly10[D-ala6] LHRH ethylamide). Fish injected only with LHRH-A did not spawn, suggesting that a gonadotropin-release inhibitory factor (GRIF) may be present. Reserpine injections prior to the LHRH-A injections apparently had an inhibitory effect on the GRIF. Both injection schemes are suitable and can be used to spawn rainbow and redtail black sharks.
Combined optical and microwave approach for performing quantum spin operations on the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

Electron spin echoes were performed on nitrogen-vacancy $(\mathrm{N}\ensuremath{-}V)$ centers in diamond using optical polarization and detection and 35 GHz microwave control. The experiments demonstrate an approach to quantum information in the solid state. A phase memory time of $3.6 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ was measured, and coupling of the electronic spin to the ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ nuclear spin was observed. Because of the favorable properties of the $\mathrm{N}\ensuremath{-}V$ center, interesting extensions of these single-qubit operations can be proposed.
Apparatus for the continuous dissolution of poorly water-soluble compounds for bioassays

Abstract An apparatus was designed and constructed to supply a continuous flow of water, saturated with soluble components of JP8 jet fuel. The product water, used to supply continuous flow bioassays, was found to be comparable in quality to that obtained with static dissolution techniques. The apparatus is constructed of inert materials and operates without pumps or other electro-mechanical regulating devices.
Insight, Neurocognition, and Schizophrenia: Predictive Value of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

Lack of insight in schizophrenia is a key feature of the illness and is associated with both positive and negative clinical outcomes. Previous research supports that neurocognitive dysfunction is related to lack of insight, but studies have not examined how neurocognition relates to change in insight over time. Therefore, the current study sought to understand how performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) differed between participants with varying degrees of change in insight over a 6-month period. Fifty-two patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were administered the WCST and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline, and the PANSS was again administered at a 6-month follow-up assessment. Results indicated that while neurocognition was related to insight at baseline, it was not related to subsequent change in insight. The implications of findings for conceptualization and assessment of insight are discussed.
Spacing and Movement of Singing Neoconocephalus nebrascensis Males (Tettigoniidae: Copophorinae)

Movement of Neoconocephalus nebrascensis (Bruner) males was studied by marking and relocating singing males. Spacing was studied by marking the exact location of all singing males in a specified area over periods of l½-2 mo for 2 summers. Choruses of 2-11 synchronizing males form shortly after sunset. Males may remain in the same chorus night after night or may leave and enter another chorus. During the 1st 1-2 h of synchrony, individual males intermittently stop calling and fly, usually changing position within their chorus but occasionally leaving the chorus. Occasionally, a flying male lands within 30 cm of a singing male and an aggressive encounter ensues between the synchronizing males. The follower (male who initiates calling after his synchronizing partner, the leader) eventually flies or crawls away. After the 1- to 2-h period of intermittent male flights, males remain in ca. the same position for the remainder of the night moving within a one-m radius to feed. Males within choruses seem to space themselves on the basis of aggressive interactions and distances necessary for maintaining synchrony. Such spacing mechanisms should result in a tendency toward uniform spacing within a chorus. Uniform spacing of synchronizing N. nebrascensis males was verified stastistically.
Fast protein folding kinetics.

Fast folding proteins have been a major focus of computational and experimental study because they are accessible to both techniques: they are small and fast enough to be reasonably simulated with current computational power, but have dynamics slow enough to be observed with specially developed experimental techniques. This coupled study of fast folding proteins has provided insight into the mechanisms which allow some proteins to find their native conformation well less than 1 ms and has uncovered examples of theoretically predicted phenomena such as downhill folding. The study of fast folders also informs our understanding of even “slow” folding processes: fast folders are small, relatively simple protein domains and the principles that govern their folding also govern the folding of more complex systems. This review summarizes the major theoretical and experimental techniques used to study fast folding proteins and provides an overview of the major findings of fast folding research. Finally, we examine the themes that have emerged from studying fast folders and briefly summarize their application to protein folding in general as well as some work that is left to do.
Movement and Habitat Use of Triploid Grass Carp in a Colorado Irrigation Canal

Abstract Movement and habitat use of 14 triploid grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the South Platte Supply Canal, Colorado, were monitored with radiotelemetry. Radio transmitters were surgically implanted into abdominal cavities of study fish and were retained for as long as 17 months. Daily movement and habitat use of acclimated (resident in canal for at least 7 d) and nonacclimated (resident in canal for less than 2 d) grass carp were observed by radio-tracking each fish at hourly intervals for at least 24 h. In total, movements of nine acclimated and five nonacclimated grass carp were observed on three and two 24-h sampling occasions, respectively. At night, acclimated grass carp repeatedly used portions of the canal that were less than 2 m downstream of tiled groundwater inputs, and movement was at a daily minimum. During daytime, acclimated grass carp dispersed from nighttime locations and preferred portions of the canal where rooted aquatic vegetation was abundant. Daytime movement and habitat u...
Helices Under Load

Abstract : Previous solutions for the case of close coiled helical springs and for helices made of thin bars are extended to cover all the range of geometric parameters. The complete solution is presented in simple graphs, convenient for the use by designers. The theoretical development is correlated with new experiments. (Author)
Improved determinations of n 2 D and n 2 F fine-structure intervals in neutral cesium

We have observed fine-structure intervals in Cs I using high-resolution Fourier spectroscopy. Improved values are reported for the $5,6^{2}D$ and $4\ensuremath{-}9^{2}F$ terms and are shown to be consistent with recent laser fluorescence measurements of the $10\ensuremath{-}17^{2}F$ intervals. The results are compared with previous measurements. A three-term expansion in odd powers of $\frac{1}{{n}^{*}}$ is shown to describe all of the $4\ensuremath{-}17^{2}F$ fine-structure intervals. The state of experimental and theoretical work on the doublet structure in the alkali metals is briefly reviewed.
Combining semantic scene priors and haze removal for single image depth estimation

We consider the problem of estimating the relative depth of a scene from a monocular image. The dark channel prior, used as a statistical observation of haze free images, has been previously leveraged for haze removal and relative depth estimation tasks. However, as a local measure, it fails to account for higher order semantic relationship among scene elements. We propose a dual channel prior used for identifying pixels that are unlikely to comply with the dark channel assumption, leading to erroneous depth estimates. We further leverage semantic segmentation information and patch match label propagation to enforce semantically consistent geometric priors. Experiments illustrate the quantitative and qualitative advantages of our approach when compared to state of the art methods.
Effects of hormone replacement modalities on low density lipoprotein composition and distribution in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys

Abstract This study was designed to determine the effect of several hormone replacement therapies on LDL size, density, heterogeneity, and composition in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys fed an atherogenic diet. Groups (n = 5 each) of ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys were untreated (control), or treated with conjugated equine estrogens, medroxyprogesterone acetate (progesterone), combined estrogen-progesterone, or tamoxifen for 9 weeks. There were no differences among treatment groups in total plasma, LDL, or HDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. Plasma LDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography and subfractionated by density gradient centrifugation for subsequent chemical analysis. Estrogen treatment was associated with significantly smaller (measured as LDL molecular weight, 3.9 ± 0.2 g/μmol) and denser plasma LDL (1.034 g/ml peak density) compared with control (4.5 ± 0.1 g/μmol; 1.030 g/ml peak density) or progesterone-treated animals (4.6 ± 0.2; 1.029 g/ml peak density). LDL from the estrogen group were relatively enriched in protein and triglyceride and poor in cholesteryl ester and apolipoprotein E (apoE) compared to the control group. Triglyceride enrichment with estrogen treatment occurred predominantly in the lighter, larger LDL subfractions (d = 1.015-1.025 g/ml), which were reduced in concentration (26 ± 10 mg cholesterol/dl) compared to control (61 ± 19 mg/dl) or progesterone-treated animals (67 ± 16 mg/dl). Combined estrogen-progesterone or tamoxifen treatment resulted in changes in LDL that followed the same trend as those observed with estrogen treatment. We conclude that short-term estrogen treatment of ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys results in changes in plasma LDL size, density, and composition while having no apparent effect on overall plasma lipid concentrations.
Chemoprevention targets for tobacco-related head and neck cancer: Past lessons and future directions

Progress toward identifying an effective chemopreventive agent to reduce the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been limited by poor efficacy and intolerable toxicity profiles. In this review, we summarize the biological basis of HNSCC chemoprevention, and outline challenges associated with identifying appropriate high-risk HNSCC populations for chemoprevention studies. We discuss findings and lessons learned from clinical trials that have investigated micronutrient and molecular targeting interventions. Finally, we introduce the concept of green chemoprevention, interventions based upon whole plant foods or simple extracts that may represent a safe and cost-conscious option for the next generation of studies. As our scientific understanding of HNSCC reaches new levels, the field is poised to develop chemoprevention studies based on rigorous biological validation with accessibility to all affected individuals regardless of socioeconomic barriers.
Extensions to permutation warping for parallel volume rendering

Abstract Biomedical volume visualization requires high quality and high performance, but the existing high performance solutions such as the Shear Warp algorithm, 3D texture mapping, and special purpose hardware have problems. Permutation warping achieves high fidelity for biomedical datasets of regular rectilinear volumes, using a one-to-one communication scheme for optimal O(1) communication on massively parallel computers. Extensions are presented including data dependent optimizations using octrees, arbitrary view angle flexibility, and multiple instruction stream multiple data stream (MIMD) implementation. A MasPar MP-2, single instruction stream multiple data stream (SIMD) (16,384 processor), implementation achieves 14 frames/s, using trilinear reconstruction on 128 3 volumes for 400% runtime improvement over our previous result. A Proteus MIMD (32 processor) implementation achieves 1 frame/s on the same data. Additionally the PermWeb software architecture is presented, that has been shown as a proof of concept means to provide wide shared access to a powerful centralized renderer. All of these improvements make permutation warping an effective solution for biomedial volume visualization.
Transverse relaxation in two-level Fermi liquids and gases

An exact microscopic theory is developed for transverse dynamics in two-level Fermi systems like spin-polarized Fermi liquids. The origin of a transverse zero-temperature attenuation is a dephasing of interlevel transitions in inhomogeneous conditions. We analyze different sources of this relaxation using an extrapolation from low polarizations or densities. These sources include imaginary terms in the vertex and single-particles' energies and pseudo-energies away from the Fermi spheres, and derivatives of the vertex function in off-shell directions. The attenuation for dilute systems starts from a second order term in density. The main non-local contribution is of the next order in density, but is not negligible if the interaction range is large. At very low polarizations and densities, one recovers the already known results. The implications for liquid3He↑ and3He↑-4He mixtures are discussed.
A Page test with nuisance parameter estimation

The detection of the onset of a signal is a common and relevant problem in signal processing. The Page test [1954] using the log-likelihood ratio is optimal for minimizing the worst case average delay before detection (D~) while constraining the average time between false alarms (T~). Realistic problems typically include unknown parameters having the same value under signal-absent and signal-present hypotheses, known as nuisance parameters. In this correspondence, the Page test is generalized to account for nuisance parameters. The inherent signal-absent decision making of the Page test is exploited to identify signal-free data used to estimate the nuisance parameters. Due to the independence of this data and the current Page test statistic, analysis is feasible. Wald- and Siegmund-based approximations to D~ and T~ are derived and shown to simplify to those of the standard Page test as the estimation becomes perfect. The results for a Gaussian shift in mean signal with unknown variance are derived and verified through simulation, where it is seen that the Siegmund-based approximation provides more accuracy. It is seen that the linear asymptotic (in the sense of a large threshold) relationship between the threshold and D~ is preserved when nuisance parameters are estimated. However, the exponential asymptotic relationship between the threshold and T~ becomes a power law approximating an exponential.
Reexamination of the Bromination of 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde with NBS or NaBr-NaIO4 in Sulfuric Acid

Abstract Two literature procedures for selective bromination of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or NaBr-NaIO4 in sulfuric acid were examined. In contrast to the reports that 4-bromo-2-nitrobenzaldehyde is formed as a single product in good yield, reactions using NBS gave a number of isomeric mono- and dibrominated products identified by spectroscopical methods and by sodium borohydride reduction to the corresponding benzyl alcohol, and reactions using NaBr-NaIO4 did not furnish any product. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]
EBV-driven HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma causing profound lactic acidosis.

![Figure][1] A 25-year-old male with AIDS (CD4 count, 59/mm3) presented with fever and fatigue. He was thrombocytopenic (platelet count, 9 × 109/L) and had a lactic acid level of 9.0. mmol/L. Examination was notable for hepatosplenomegaly without lymphadenopathy. Lactic acid peaked at >31
Tunneling in PSII

With available high resolution structures of PSII and a collection of reported redox midpoint potentials for most of the cofactors, it is possible to compare the expected electron tunneling rates with experimental rates to determine which electron transfer reactions are likely to reflect simply engineered electron tunneling, and which are more sophisticated and associated with large product rearrangements or the making and breaking of bonds. Reliable reorganization energies are largely lacking in this photosystem compared to PSI and purple bacteria and contribute about an order of magnitude uncertainty in tunneling rate estimates. Nevertheless it seems clear that as in purple bacterial reaction centers and PSI, with the notable exception of the oxygen evolving center, the majority of electron transfers within PSII are electron-tunneling limited at room temperature. Tunneling simulations also suggest that the short circuit between pheophytin and the adjacent chlorophyll cation may be fast enough to challenge triplet decay as the principle means of charge recombination from QA− at room temperature.
Use of the surgical staple for bowel anastomoses in urology.

SUMMARY— The use of the Autosuture* stapling devices for performing enteric anastomoses is described. Such anastomoses can be performed more quickly and more uniformly than sutured ones, with few complications.
Persistence of chronic nicotine-induced cognitive facilitation.

Nicotine has been found in a variety of species and behavioral paradigms to improve memory performance. The beneficial effect of nicotine has been seen after both acute and chronic administration. Interestingly, improved performance has been seen 24 h after acute injection and for at least 2 weeks after chronic administration. However, it is not clear from previous studies whether the persistence of the improved performance represents a true carryover of the drug effect or is due to the behavioral experience while under nicotine's effect. The current study was conducted to determine whether the facilitating effect of nicotine on learning and memory performance could be seen after withdrawal even if there was no behavioral training during the period of chronic nicotine administration. Rats were administered nicotine chronically for 3 weeks but were not tested during that time. Starting 1 week after withdrawal they were trained on a working memory paradigm in an eight-arm radial maze. The nicotine-treated rats started out at control-like levels of performance, but showed significantly faster learning as detected by three different measures of choice accuracy. By the final phase of testing the control subjects had caught up with the nicotine-treated rats. After the acquisition phase, acute challenges with the nicotinic and muscarinic antagonists, mecamylamine and scopolamine, did not elicit any differential effects in the nicotine treated and control groups. The current study demonstrated that nicotine-induced cognitive facilitation persists for at least 4 weeks after withdrawal and does not depend upon behavioral test experience under the influence of the drug. The mechanism for this persisting effect is not currently understood. Alterations in nicotinic and muscarinic responsivity were not detected in the current study.
Differential alterations of cholinergic muscarinic receptors during chronic and acute tolerance to organophosphorus insecticides

Male mice treated for 2 weeks with the anticholinesterase insecticide disulfoton (O,O-diethylS-[2-(ethylthio)-ethyl] phosphorodithioate; 10 mg per kg per day) became tolerant to the hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of disulfoton itself and of oxotremorine, a muscarinic cholinergic agonist. Homogenates of brain and ileum from tolerant animals exhibited reduced binding of the specific muscarinic antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB). In forebrains of tolerant animals, the number of receptors (Bmax) was decreased 40% with no change in the affinity constant. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was 15% of control. Forty-eight hours after a single injection of disulfoton (10 mg/kg) mice were more resistant than their controls to the hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of a second administration of the same insecticide and of oxotremorine. Tolerance was not present 96 hr after a single administration of disulfoton. A single injection of disulfoton produced 74, 65 and 27% inhibition of AChE activity after 4, 48 and 96 hr respectively. Four hours after a second injection at 48 or 96 hr, 73 or 72% inhibition was found. [3H]QNB binding of animals treated with a single injection of disulfoton and of controls did not differ at either time point. An increase in the Ki for inhibition of [3H]QNB binding by unlabeled oxotremorine was observed in forebrain from mice killed 48 hr after a single injection of disulfoton, indicating a decreased affinity of the muscarinic receptor for agonists. Binding of [3H]oxotremorine-M was decreased significantly 48 hr after a single injection of disulfoton and after chronic treatment. It is suggested that a differential down-regulation of muscarinic receptors occurs in acute and chronic tolerance, involving agonist and antagonist binding sites and depending on duration of exposure.
E-Learning using Cyberinfrastructure

Cyberinfrastructure has become a major defining force for America, because of its economic, social, and national importance. Over the last two decades, scientists within all sectors of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) have witnessed an explosive rise of cyberinfrastructure as a research tool; universities are utilizing this infrastructure and its applications as an integral part of scientific education. The Arkansas Minority Cyberinfrastructure Training, Education Consortium (AMC-TEC), is a unique interdisciplinary cyberinfrastructure (CI) educational community within Arkansas to educate a majority minority student population, and faculty in cyberinfrastructure-oriented concepts, theories, practices, and principles within STEM at teaching-oriented Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The project focuses on developing the capacity of these institutions within three core areas as they relate to cyberinfrastructure e-learning resources, (1) institutional faculty development (2) tangible cyber-based student activities (3) CI curriculum enhancement. This paper presents some of the strategies that have been successfully deployed by the universities involved in the project to institutionalize a renaissance in STEM education, e-learning at student-focused universities, through the sharing of resources and expertise to transform STEM education and research by injecting in cyberinfrastructure resources.