cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urbanization and Quality of Stormwater Runoff: Remote Sensing Measurements of Land Cover in an Arid City

The intensity of stormwater runoff is particularly acute across cities located in arid climates. During flash floods loose sediment and pollutants are typically transported across sun-hardened surfaces contributing to widespread degradation of water quality. Rapid, dense urbanization exacerbates the problem by creating continuous areas of impervious surfaces, perforated only by a few green patches. Our work demonstrates how the latest techniques in remote sensing can be used to routinely measure urban land cover types, impervious cover, and vegetated areas. In addition, multiple regression models can then infer relationships between urban land use and land cover types with stormwater quality data, initially sampled at discrete monitoring sites, and then extrapolated annually across an arid city; in our case, the city of Phoenix in Arizona, USA. Results reveal that from 30 storm event samples, solids and heavy metal pollutants were found to be highly related with general impervious surfaces; in particular, with industrial and commercial land use types. Repercussions stemming from this work include support for public policies that advocate environmental sustainability and the more recent focus on urban livability. Also, advocacy for new urban construction and re-development that both steer away from vast unbroken impervious surfaces, in place of more fragmented landscapes that harmonize built and green spaces.
The Ramanujan differential operator, a certain CM elliptic curve and Kummer congruences

Let τ be a point in the upper half-plane such that the elliptic curve corresponding to τ can be defined over Q ,a nd letf be a modular form on the full modular group with rational Fourier coefficients. By applying the Ramanujan differential operator D to f ,w e obtain a family of modular forms D l f . In this paper we study the behavior of D l (f )(τ ) modulo the powers of a prime p> 3. We show that for p ≡ 1 mod 3 the quantities D l (f )(τ ), suitably normalized, satisfy Kummer-type congruences, and that for p ≡ 2m od 3 the p-adic valuations of D l (f )(τ ) grow arbitrarily large. We prove these congruences by making a connection with a certain elliptic curve whose reduction modulo p is ordinary if p ≡ 1 mod 3 and supersingular otherwise.
Understanding the Role of Additives in Improving the Performance of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Organic solar cells based on the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) represent one of the most promising technologies for next-generation solar energy conversion due to their low-cost and scalability. In the last ten years, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) obtained from organic solar cells has risen from 2.5 to 12%. Controlling BHJ morphology is essential for achieving high PCE. Processing BHJ layers with solvent additives has proven to be an effective strategy toward achieving BHJ morphology correlated with high efficiency. As examples, the incorporation of a small percentage of solvent additives, such as 3v% and 0.25 v% of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) in PTB7:PC71BM and DTS(PTTh2)2:PC71BM, respectively, results in a nearly doubling of device efficiency. However, the mechanism underlying their role in improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) has remained elusive. The general picture of a correlation between solvent constituents and the morphology within the deposited active layer film is clear, but the nature of this correlation is unknown—and it must be deciphered in order to adopt a more rational approach to improving device function. Using a combination of characterization techniques including x-ray and neutron scattering as well as advanced electron microscopy, we probe the influence of additives on active layer morphology in several state-ofthe-art BHJ blend systems. Through the integrated analysis of realand reciprocal-space data, we uncover new insights into the role of additives that can be generalized across multiple materials.
Dealing with the Problem of Unpaid Interns and Nonprofit/Profit-Neutral Newsmagazines: A Legal Argument that Balances the Rights of America's Hardworking Interns with the Needs of America's Hardworking News Gatherers

This article addresses a topic that the published literature on the legal problems of unpaid internships has yet to fully deal with. The people of the United States have long relied on nonprofit and profit-neutral newsmagazines for both opinion journalism and traditional journalism. And as the newsmagazine industry continues to face economic challenges due to the effect that the Internet is having on the way Americans consume news products, one can expect newsmagazines that never make a profit to only increase in population. Consequently, the continued vitality of such publications is a matter of public concern. The proliferation of unpaid intern workers, however, is also a matter of grave public concern. Most of the time, unpaid intern workers are operating under agreements to labor that violate both principles of social justice and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. These interns are being exploited by their employers, who should be paying the interns the minimum wage. And yet, litigation to correct this injustice, and force employers to pay interns the minimum wage, may have an unfortunate side-effect. If nonprofit and profit-neutral newsmagazines had to pay their interns, who are volunteering their services for the good of the ideological and intellectual mission of the newsmagazine, then that cost could bring those newsmagazines just one step closer to going out of business. Fortunately, federal law in this area provides us with a pathway whereby interns who are working at companies that seriously plan to make a profit can be paid the minimum wage, while interns who are volunteering their services to nonprofit and profit-neutral newsmagazines can continue to do so without violating the law. The detailed description of this legal pathway is the main purpose of this article.
The Effects of Grouping, Self Esteem, and Locus of Control on Microcomputer Performance and Help Seeking by Mildly Handicapped Students:

The impact of grouping, learning handicap, locus of control, and self esteem on students' performance on a math problem-solving program was assessed in two studies. Outcome measures included: 1) the level of difficulty at which students selected to work, 2) use of a program help command, and 3) response accuracy with and without help. Despite indication from the non-computer instructional literature that grouping would facilitate problem-solving skills for some students, neither problem selections nor performance accuracy varied as a function of group configuration. Personal characteristics influenced problem selections, help seeking, and accuracy in anticipated directions but not consistently. More consistent patterns were noted as a function of initial student competency in math.
Integral techniques for jet aeroacoustics calculations

Reducing aircraft noise by a factor of four in the next twenty years is one of NASA's goals. Major reduction in acoustics emissions of aircraft jet engines is only possible with a reduction in jet noise. Hence, there is a need for improving the current state-of-the-art jet noise prediction methodology. We have developed in the past a Kirchhoff method code in order to evaluate the acoustic signals from an unsteady CFD code. In this paper, an integral acoustic code based on the porous Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) method is developed for the noise prediction of three-dimensional turbulent jets. The porous FW-H method can be more robust than the Kirchhoff method with regard to the choice of control surface, hence our efforts are focused in the development of the porous FW-H method. The resulting FWH code also includes refraction corrections to account for the zone of silence, as well as techniques to include acoustic sources outside the CFD domain. The code is validated for point sources. Once validation is complete, the code will be used to study the aeroacoustics of a three-dimensional turbulent jet at a Reynolds of number of 500 and possibly of another turbulent jet at a Reynolds number of 3600. The control surface needed for the FW-H method will be outside the jet flow, but inside the CFD boundaries in order to avoid boundary effects. The quantities on the control surface will be obtained using a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) code. The radiating sound will then be evaluated using the acoustics code developed herein.
The Immunologic Behavior of Mucoids

As the mucoids are not coagulated by heat and are probably widely distributed in the animal body, they offer a complicating factor in immunologic studies of heated antigens which has ordinarily not been taken into account. Constituting about S% of egg white proteins and from 0.5 to IJo of the serum proteins 1 they are sufficient in amount to be of significance in immunologic reactions with these materials, and especially so when the coagulable proteins have been more or less removed or altered by heat. Since little is known concerning their antigenic capacity and properties we have sought to extend our knowledge of their immunologic behavior. As far as we can learn the first immunologic studies that have been made with ovomucoid are the anaphylaxis experiments reported by one of us in 1911.2 In these it was shown that ovomucoid was capable of producing characteristic anaphylaxis reactions, sometimes but not often fatal when the intraperitoneal route of injection was used. It was also found that the ovomucoid of hen's eggs is immunologically distinct from crystallized egg albumin, purified egg globulin, and ovovitellin of hen's
Body mass index is predictive of higher in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass but not laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or gastric banding.

High body mass index (BMI) has been shown to be a factor predictive of increased morbidity and mortality in several single-institution studies. Using the University HealthSystem Consortium clinical...
The Policy Significance of Nonprofit Organizations

It is remarkable that while a substantial part of the burden of dealing with social maladies, social advancement, social planning, social arbitration, political and social advocacy, and the enforcement of social laws falls on nonprofit organizations, and that many who practice in the resolution of these social problems are not economists, the principal explanations for the existence of nonprofit organizations are in economics.
Confidence and Tolerance Intervals

This chapter discusses confidence and tolerance intervals in sampling distributions. Tolerance intervals are estimated intervals of prescribed probability content according to the unknown parent distribution. One-sided tolerance intervals are applied in engineering designs and screening processes. It is often the case that one estimates simultaneously several parameters on the basis of the same sample values. For each parameter, a confidence interval can be determined at level (1–α) irrespective of the confidence intervals of the other parameters. The result is that the overall confidence level is generally smaller than (1–α). It guarantees a simultaneous confidence level not smaller than the nominal (1–α). This method of constructing simultaneous confidence intervals is called the Bonferroni method.
FAMILIES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS

In this chapter, we look at the linear space A ( U ) of all analytic functions on an open set U . We introduce a metric d on A ( U ) with the property that convergence relative to d is uniform convergence on compact subsets of U . We identify the compact subsets of A ( U ) and prove several strong results on convergence of sequences of analytic functions. Finally, we prove the celebrated Riemann mapping theorem and consider the homotopic version of Cauchy's theorem.
In defense of queer nation: From identity politics to a politics of difference

In this essay a distinction is drawn between the gay and lesbian liberation movements and the more recent queer movements. Advocates for the liberation movements generally have argued that gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals are not radically different from heterosexuals. Representatives of the new movements, in contrast, have argued that queer individuals are unique and that oppression is not justified based on sexual differences. The paradoxes of traditional identity politics are examined. Queer activists construct a collective identity based on differences rather than similarities. Queer Nation, by reconceptualizing the notion of identity, transcends the essentializingand totalizing nature of identity politics.
Impact of Linker Engineering on the Catalytic Activity of Metal–Organic Frameworks Containing Pd(II)–Bipyridine Complexes

A series of mixed-linker bipyridyl metal–organic framework (MOF)-supported palladium(II) catalysts were used to elucidate the electronic and steric effects of linker substitution on the activity of these catalysts in the context of Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. m-6,6′-Me2bpy-MOF-PdCl2 exhibited 110- and 496-fold enhancements in activity compared to nonfunctionalized m-bpy-MOF-PdCl2 and m-4,4′-Me2bpy-MOF-PdCl2, respectively. This result clearly demonstrates that the stereoelectronic properties of metal-binding linker units are critical to the activity of single-site organometallic catalysts in MOFs and highlights the importance of linker engineering in the design and development of efficient MOF catalysts.
Annotation of Utterances for Conversational Nonverbal Behaviors

Nonverbal behaviors play an important role in communication for both humans and social robots. However, adding contextually appropriate animations by hand is time consuming and does not scale well. Previous researchers have developed automated systems for inserting animations based on utterance text, yet these systems lack human understanding of social context and are still being improved. This work proposes a middle ground where untrained human workers label semantic information, which is input to an automatic system to produce appropriate gestures. To test this approach, untrained workers from Mechanical Turk labeled semantic information, specifically emotion and emphasis, for each utterance, which was used to automatically add animations. Videos of a robot performing the animated dialogue were rated by a second set of participants. Results showed untrained workers are capable of providing reasonable labeling of semantic information and that emotional expressions derived from the labels were rated more highly than control videos. More study is needed to determine the effects of emphasis labels.
Differential activation of RAW 264.7 macrophages by size-segregated crystalline silica

Occupational exposure to crystalline silica is a well-established occupational hazard. Once in the lung, crystalline silica particles can result in the activation of alveolar macrophages (AM), potentially leading to silicosis, a fibrotic lung disease. Because the activation of alveolar macrophages is the beginning step in a complicated inflammatory cascade, it is necessary to define the particle characteristics resulting in this activation. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the size of crystalline silica particles on the activation of macrophages. RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to four different sizes of crystalline silica and their activation was measured using electron microscopy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by mitochondria, and cytokine expression. These data identified differences in particle uptake and formation of subcellular organelles based on particle size. In addition, these data show that the smallest particles, with a geometric mean of 0.3 μm, significantly increase the generation of mitochondrial ROS and the expression of cytokines when compared to larger crystalline silica particles, with a geometric mean of 4.1 μm. In summary, this study presents novel data showing that crystalline silica particles with a geometric mean of 0.3 μm enhance the activation of AM when compared to larger silica particles usually represented in in vitro and in vivo research.
Lipid/Polydiacetylene Vesicle Composition Alters Mutant Beta-Amyloid Peptide Interaction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is commonly identified by the formation of proteinaceous fibrillar aggregate deposits known as amyloids, and the presence of neuritic amyloid plaques containing aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ). Point mutations grouped in the hydrophobic core of Aβ (positions 21–23) are linked to familial forms of AD. Understanding Aβ peptide interactions with lipid surfaces will provide detailed information into how surface interactions can drive protein aggregation. We hypothesized changes in the lipid composition of a vesicle will result in varied mutant Aβ peptide aggregation morphology and kinetics, further modulating peptide-lipid interactions. To test our hypothesis we utilized a colorimetric, lipid vesicle-binding assay exposed to specific Aβ peptides. The assay integrates a lipid within a polydiacetylene (PDA) matrix forming a blue vesicle when polymerized by UV irradiation. Lipid/PDA vesicles are able to detect peptide-lipid interaction by quantitatively measuring a blue-to-red conversion as a percent colorimetric response (%CR). We investigated the interaction of Wild Type (Aβ1-40) and five mutant Aβ peptides (E22G Arctic, E22Q Dutch, A21G Flemish, D23N Iowa, and E22K Italian) with lipid/PDA vesicle systems comprised of total brain lipid extract (TBLE), dimyristoylphosphatideylcholine (DMPC), and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG). Time-resolved absorbance measurements of the “blue” (630 nm) and “red” (490 nm) wavelengths were obtained. Statistical analysis (ANOVA and t-tests) was performed to test for significant differences between peptides among the lipid/PDA compositions, as well as compare each mutant Aβ peptide to Wild Type within the context of each lipid. The most peptide-lipid interaction was observed on the negatively charged DMPG/PDA vesicle system, and the least on the neutral DMPC/PDA system. Dutch and Flemish induced the smallest, while Arctic induced the largest %CR on all lipid/PDA vesicles, respectively. These studies illustrate the role of lipid composition and Aβ interactions in the onset of familial AD.
A Systematic Review of Closure Techniques in Lateral Skull Base Tumor Surgery.

Introduction Tumors of the lateral skull base often require collaboration between neurosurgeons and neurotologists for the surgical approach. The three main transosseous surgical approaches are retrosigmoid (RS), translabyrinthine (TL), and middle fossa (MF). The literature reflects a relative paucity regarding the various closure techniques for these approaches and the postoperative complications. We have performed a systematic review comparing closure techniques from each approach. Methods A systematic review was performed using Ovid MEDLINE (1990–2016) on closure technique and postoperative complications for patients undergoing lateral skull base surgery via the TL, RS, or MF approach. Studies were included if they contained at least 10 patients, described their closure technique, and provided data on postoperative complications. Results A total of 1,403 studies were reviewed. Of these, 53 studies met inclusion criteria yielding a total of 10,466 subjects in this analysis. The average rate of cerebrospinal fluid leak was 5.3% in the TL approach, 9% in the RS approach, and 6.2% in the MF approach. There was no significant effect of various closure techniques on postoperative wound complications in the MF approach. Multiple factors were identified which affected postoperative wound complication in the RS and TL approaches. Conclusion There are a plethora of closure techniques for lateral skull base surgery. Several techniques were identified in this review that may affect the postoperative wound complication rates in lateral skull base surgery.
Low-cost laser scanning photoacoustic microscopy system with a pulsed laser diode excitation source

We present a low-cost laser scanning photoacoustic microscopy system with a pulsed laser diode as the excitation source. The system utilizes a 905 nm pulsed laser diode with 120 ns pulse width and 1 KHz repetition rate. No averaging is performed in data acquisition, resulting in a short image acquisition time. The maximum field of view is 4.6 mm × 3.7 mm and the lateral resolution is 71 μm. Images of human hairs and mouse ear are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the system in imaging biological tissue.
Rethinking postwar liberalism: the Americans for democratic action, social democracy, and the struggle for racial equality

Historians have frequently characterized postwar liberalism by the limitations placed upon it by a rigid anticommunist framework and an abandonment of the social democratic currents found in the Ne...
Speaking Up and Speaking Out? Long-Term Impact of Critical Multicultural Pedagogy

This study explores the long-term effects of critical multicultural pedagogy on seven adolescents. Four years later, participants continued to demonstrate awareness of privilege and racism, yet few were actively engaged in antiracist work. Participants also expressed disillusionment and lamented the lack of productive discussions of critical multicultural issues in high school. This research speaks to the need to empower students to participate in critical multicultural work for the long term.
Evidence-based Decision Making: Influences on Central-Office Administrators' Decision-Making Practices

Research has explored the use of evidence-based practices within schools but less is known about evidence-based decision-making among school district central office administrators. This study explo...
Uniform Shell Designs

Designs are generated which have an equally spaced distribution of points lying on concentric spherical shells. They have uniform space‐filling properties and are tabulated up to ten factors. The designs are shown to be more uniform than familiar experimental designs on the basis of two measures of uniformity. Their use is illustrated by an example with four factors.
Access to emergency contraception in Kansas City clinics

Abstract Objective To assess the accessibility of ulipristal acetate (UPA) and copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) for emergency contraception (EC) in reproductive health centers in the Kansas City metropolitan area. Study design Using a secret shopper method, two female investigators called the reproductive health centers listed as EC providers on the nonprofit website bedsider.org that were located within 25 miles of the University of Kansas Medical Center. We categorized clinics as Title X providers vs. not according to the grantee list from the Office of Population Affairs. Investigators inquired about obtaining a UPA prescription by phone, the availability of the copper IUD for EC and time to first available appointment for EC. We evaluated correlates of EC access and provision with Fisher's Exact Tests. Results We identified 40 clinics as potential EC providers. Some clinics reported that UPA could be prescribed by phone to existing patients (13/40, 32%), while others reported that women must meet with a provider first (15/40, 38%). Few clinics offered copper IUDs as EC (3/40, 8%). Title X clinic status did not predict provision of UPA by phone or copper IUDs as EC. The average time to next available appointment was 9±9 days to discuss EC and 13±9 days for a copper IUD. Conclusions Accessing the most efficacious forms of EC in a timely fashion presents many logistic challenges for women. Implications Healthcare systems should streamline protocols, train providers and improve rapid-access referral networks to facilitate timely provision of UPA and copper IUDs for EC.
Behavioral Reform of Education

Book chapters usually provide the occasion to review the scope of applied research pertaining to behavioral interventions in the school system. However, this chapter was written in the wake of a spate of nationally commissioned reports that have been critical of public education and, conincidentally, at a time when there are perhaps as many, if not more applied behavioral studies in education as there are in any other area of human service. Therefore, this chapter provides an opportunity to consider the impact behavior analysis has had on public education and to offer some proposals for new intiatives that the field may need to pursue if it is to effect subtantial and sustained improvements in American education.
Effect of Practice on the Kinematics of Reaching Movements Made to Moving Targets

The purpose of these experiments was to examine the kinematic properties of the trajectories used by human subjects while reaching to moving targets and to determine whether these trajectories are modified with practice. Each subject was asked to reach for a target accelerated to a specified velocity along a horizontal track on twenty successive trials. Three different target speeds were used, and movements made by both the right and left hand were examined. Movements were assessed by determining the changes in the location of infrared emitting diodes located on the shoulder, elbow, wrist and index finger. The data show that movements made to targets of this type consist of several successive curved components and that these components do not vary qualitatively as the movement is practiced. However, when movements were made to faster moving targets and in some cases as movements were practiced, the curvature of the trajectory and the tangential velocity of the distal extremity both increased.
Grading of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas

The concept of the grading of malignant tumors was introduced by Broders in 1920 (1), who had studied 537 squamous cell carcinomas of the lip. Such tumors tended 1to be much more advanced at the time of his study, which was before 1920, than they are currently. Broders’ study was actually the practical application of the Hansemann principle (2). Hansemann concluded, in the nineteenth century, that the most malignant tumors of various types metastasized the earliest and the most widely. Broders graded the tumors from 1 to 4 and showed that the grade 4 lesions, the most undifferentiated, had the poorest prognosis.
Articulation-Based Accruals and Audit Fees

This paper examines the relation between audit fees and accruals from a balance sheet auditing perspective. We argue that the underlying economic characteristics of various transactions, as reflected in the articulation-based accruals in Casey et al. (2017), are predictably associated with audit fees. We are the first to demonstrate that total accruals have a non-linear relation with audit prices, with both large positive and large negative total accruals driving audit fees higher. We further disaggregate total accruals based on their accounting and economic characteristics. Accruals originating from the balance sheet and the cash flow statement have a positive relation with audit fees, while the statement of owner’s equity accruals are negatively related to audit fees. We then decompose total accruals into five articulation-based accruals and find that working capital accruals, discontinued operations accruals, and net financial accruals have a linear relationship with audit fees. In contrast, equity investment accruals and net noncurrent operating accruals (mainly driven by depreciation expenses) have a non-linear relationship with audit fees.
Congress, Policy Sustainability, and the Affordable Care Act: Democratic Policy Makers Overlooked Implementation, Post-Enactment Politics, and Policy Feedback Effects

AbstractWhen crafting and passing health care reform, did policy makers appreciate and attempt to address potential implementation and sustainability challenges, or were they largely oblivious to t...
A pore-scale mathematical modeling of fluid-particle interactions: Thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling

Abstract Fluid flow, deformation and thermal conduction are all important phenomena that could occur concurrently in porous media. In several applications related to porous media modeling, fluid is often injected with a different temperature. Such a discrepancy, and at the same time the flow-induced deformation, can lead to a momentous alteration, which necessitates a simultaneous consideration of all these factors. In this study, thus, a joined mathematical thermo-hydro-mechanical framework for studying the effects of external forces, the presence of fluid and thermal variation is presented. The coupled method is based on a combination of Discrete Element Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics for simulating the solid and the fluid-flow, respectively. The momentum exchange and the heat transfer induced by particle-particle and particle-fluid interactions are computed. The proposed method is tested on a relatively large spherical packed sample and various parameters, such as displacement, exchanged forces, fluid velocity, temperature and heat fluxes are evaluated for three scenarios with different Reynolds numbers. The results indicate a very clear difference between the abovementioned parameters in terms of their statistical distributions and approve the necessity of coupling such paymasters in porous media modeling.
A Rapid and Nondestructive Method for Simultaneous Determination of Aflatoxigenic Fungus and Aflatoxin Contamination on Corn Kernels.

Conventional methods for detecting aflatoxigenic fungus and aflatoxin contamination are generally time-consuming, sample-destructive, and require skilled personnel to perform, making them impossibl...
Monitoring stored CO2 to document permanence

GoMCarb: DE-FE0031558 ("Partnership for Offshore Carbon Storage Resources and Technology Development in the Gulf of Mexico")
Human Rights: Advancing the Frontier of Emancipation

Amidst bleak prognostications about the future, the human rights movement offers a beacon of hope for securing a livable world. The movement’s universality, supranationalism, and expanding emancipatory potential serve as inspiration and guide for the larger project of global transformation. The sweeping vision embodied in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights has experienced constant renewal and steadfast legitimacy in the tumultuous postwar world. It has been a foundation for the pursuit of supranational governance and an antidote to the notion that the ends justify the means. The human rights movement, despite its imperfections, has a key role to play in the transformational change in human values crucial to building a just, flourishing future.
A Pilot Study on Fetal Heart Rate Extraction from Wearable Abdominal Inertial Sensors

This paper proposes a novel approach for detecting fetal heart rate (FHR) using seismo-cardiogram (SCG) and gyro-cardiogram (GCG) recordings collected from abdominal inertial sensors. A proof-of-concept setup with commercially available sensor nodes is prepared. The FHR components are extracted from the fused cepstrum of recordings of all the sensors. The feasibility of the proposed method is evaluated with experiments on ten pregnant women under supine, seated, and standing positions. The results are compared with simultaneously-collected recordings of fetal cardiotocography (fCTG). The best position for collecting the signals is deemed to be the supine position, which reports best average root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.83 BPM and average positive percent agreement (PPA) of 84.44% for the SCG signal. The overall results of RMSE are 11.40 BPM from SCG and 12.08 BPM from GCG. The overall reliability from SCG is 75.02%, which is slightly lower than the value of 75.52% from GCG. In summary, the results are comparable between the two modalities, suggesting no significant difference between the usage of the two methods. Our results indicate that wearable inertial sensors could potentially be used to extract FHR outside the clinic with accuracy and reliability metrics comparable to other modalities such as fCTG.
Revisiting Phaseless Near-Field Antenna Measurements via Modelling Near-Field Measured Data in Full-Wave Solvers

As emerging technologies move towards mmWave frequencies and beyond, a significant challenge faced by antenna engineers today is measuring the radiation characteristics of the antenna in a precise and cost-effective way. Amongst the various techniques developed, the near field measurement technique has gained special interest for high-frequency measurements due to its compactness and accuracy. Its compact nature reduces the need for extensive space, allowing for higher signal to noise ratios than those obtained from a conventional far-field chamber. Such near-field systems typically consist of an antenna under test (AUT) mounted on a pedestal, and a probe that captures the fields radiated by the AUT. A vector-network analyzer (VNA) typically records the S 21 data between the probe and the AUT, which is proportional to the near-field data transferred from the AUT to the probe. In general, to successfully characterize the antenna, both the amplitude and phase of the S 21 must be accurately recorded by the VNA. While the amplitude is relatively immune to minor errors that can arise during a measurement, the phase can be an extremely sensitive to these errors, making precise phase measurement a challenge. Further, for frequencies beyond mmWave, the availability of the vector instruments can get rather limited, and such instruments can be prohibitively expensive.
Asylum Body Work

This poem describes how minor injuries to my body repeatedly called to my mind the devastating torture experienced by a man who is seeking asylum in the USA.
Beam brightness from Cs-Te near the photoemission threshold

We describe measurements of the mean transverse energy (MTE) of Cs–Te photocathodes near the photoemission threshold. The MTE displays an unexpected non-monotonic behavior as the drive laser's wavelength is tuned to threshold and changes significantly as the photocathode is cooled to cryogenic temperatures. We show that a simple analytical model of photoemission from multiple compounds with a work function below that of pure Cs2Te may describe this behavior. We identify the additional compounds as Cs5Te3 and metallic Cs, and by calculating the MTE numerically within the three step model, we reproduce both the wavelength and temperature dependence of the observed MTE. In our model, the MTE changes with temperature arise from realistically small changes in the workfunctions of both compounds and Cs5Te3's bandgap energy. These results suggest the existence of an illumination wavelength that is optimal for beam brightness and show that even trace impurities can dominate the MTE for near-threshold photoemission.
Diffusion: Geographical Aspects

Geographic diffusion involves the propagation of innovation or other phenomena, focusing on spread from place to place, leading to maps that differ from one time to another. Innovations have received most attention – a new product, idea, technology, organizational structure, or way of doing things – where new means new to a particular place through adoption. Geographical diffusion, a long research tradition, has changed focus and content from epoch to epoch in social science, ranging from cultural formation to economic phenomena and to positivist social science. Prime among the foci are the following: (1) The Cultural Geography Tradition – in the early middle 1900s, the concern was cultural formation; (2) The Hagerstrand Tradition – beginning in the 1970s, the focus turned to structural influences on diffusion; (3) The Market and Infrastructure Perspective – emphasis shifted to the spread of technological and organizational innovation in economic activity; (4) Technological Diffusion – focus is mainly on Third World development; as well as (5) Development as a Diffusion Process. At the century's end, innovation itself became a major focus wherein diffusion within such endeavors is a primary element, that is (6) Diffusion and Innovation. Geographical diffusion represents one approach in a multidisciplinary suite that includes contributions from anthropology, communications, economics, marketing, political science, psychology, sociology. Accordingly, constructs of geographic diffusion may also occur in research by others, for example, interpersonal interactions, media effects, utility maximization, and marketing strategies. In these instances, the critical contributions of a spatial perspective to understanding diffusion dynamics, and innovation itself, are apparent.
The physicochemical origins of the seveso accident—II: Induction period

Abstract The preheating mechanism proposed in Part I of this paper is complemented here by chemical kinetic considerations. Using measured kinetic behavior (DTA) and with no particular adjustments in the computations the occurrence and timing of the Seveso runaway are “predicted” quantitatively.
On-Board Storage and Home Refueling Options for Natural Gas Vehicles

In this paper options for on-board storage and home refueling of natural gas vehicles are presented and discussed. The on-board natural gas storage options considered are: storage at 2.2 MPa (300 psig) in activated carbon-filled cylinders, and 7.0 MPa (1000 psig) and 16.7 MPa (2400 psig) in hollow cylinders. Information is presented on small home refueling compressors designed to compress the natural gas to the above mentioned storage pressures. Also shown are data on the density and energy density of natural gas at pressures up to 21 MPa (3000 psig). It is found that to achieve a range of 160 km (100 miles), a 12.7 km/L (30 mpg) vehicle requires 232, 170 and 62 liters (8.2, 6.0 and 2.2 cu ft), respectively, of natural gas storage volume at the three pressures considered. A preliminary comparison of the three storage options suggests that storage above 7.0 MPa is preferred.
Photoinduced absorption spectra in amorphous Si:H and Ge:H and microcrystalline Si:H

The steady state subgap photoinduced absorption bands in a‐Ge:H and a‐Si:H are interpreted in terms of two kinds of optical transitions of photoexcited carriers from traps in the gap into the bands of which one produces absorption and the other produces bleaching. The photoinduced absorption in microcrystalline Si:H is due to free carriers in the crystalline grains whose recombination is dominated by the surrounding amorphous matrix.
Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Anatomy and Biomechanics

Injury to the scapholunate interosseous ligament is one of the most common causes of carpal instability and can impart considerable compromise to the patient's hand function. However, the management of scapholunate ligament injuries remains a dynamic concept, especially with regard to the multitude of options and techniques that exist for its surgical treatment. We present a thorough review of scapholunate anatomy and morphology, and the role of the scapholunate articulations in the kinetics and pathomechanics of wrist instability. We also review the current literature on the biomechanical properties of the scapholunate ligament and its subcomponents. A sound understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the scapholunate ligament can clarify its instability and may better orient current reconstructive procedures or pioneer better future techniques.
Contemporary rhetorical theory and criticism: Dimensions of the new rhetoric

This essay identifies four substantive features of contemporary rhetorical criticism. A set of theoretical propositions is developed suggesting that contemporary rhetorical theory views human communication as generic, axiological, strategic, and transactional. These descriptive claims support the conclusion that contemporary rhetorical theory and criticism is distinct from the Aristotelian, modern, and neo‐Aristotelian schools of rhetorical theory and criticism.
Existence and uniqueness of the Hele-Shaw problem with injection

This paper gives a new and short proof of existence and uniqueness of the Polubarinova-Galin equation. The existence proof is an application of the main theorem in Lin's paper. Furthermore, we can conclude that every strong solution can be approximated by many strong polynomial solutions locally in time.
Regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Changes in liver and skeletal muscle fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) concentrations were compared during fasting, exercise, and recovery in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis and in outbred mice (Mus musculus). We present the first correlative evidence that suggests that a decrease in the content of Fru-2,6-P2 may mediate elevated gluconeogenesis in lizard skeletal muscle. Contents of Fru-2,6-P2 in lizard gastrocnemius and red and white iliofibularis (IF) were significantly lower (as much as 55% in white IF) during recovery from exhaustive exercise than at rest. Recovery from exhaustive exercise had no significant effect on Fru-2,6-P2 concentrations in any mouse muscle examined. Fasting significantly depressed lizard and mouse liver Fru-2,6-P2 contents and decreased lizard red IF by over 84% from the fed condition. Lizard red and white muscle fiber bundles incubated in 20 mM lactate had significantly lower Fru-2,6-P2 (94 and 61% depression, respectively) than those incubated in 8.5 mM glucose. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Fru-2,6-P2 acts as a signal for controlling gluconeogenesis in lizard skeletal muscle.
TU-F-CAMPUS-T-05: Dose Escalation to Biological Tumor Volumes of Prostate Cancer Patients Using Gold Nanoparticles

Purpose: Studies have shown that radiation boosting could help reduce prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence. Biological tumor volumes (BTV) are a high priority for such radiation boosting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of radiation boosting of real patient BTVs using gold nanoparticles (GNP) released from gold-loaded brachytherapy spacers (GBS) during brachytherapy. Methods: The BTVs of 12 patients having prostate adenocarcinoma identified with positron emission tomography (PET) and CT scanner using C-11 labeled tracer [11C]acetate were investigated. The initial GNP concentration and time to achieve a dose enhancement effect (DEF) of 2 was simulated using the freely downloadable software RAID APP. The investigations were carried out for low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy sources (BTS) described in AAPM Task Group report 43: Cs-131, I-125, and Pd-103. In first case, we used 7 mg/g and 18 mg/g of GNP initial concentrations to estimate the time needed for released GNP to achieve a DEF of 2 for the different BTS, and compare with clinically relevant treatment times. In second case, we calculated the initial concentration of GNPs needed to achieve a DEF of 2 during the time the BTS would typically deliver 50%, 70% and 90% of the total dose. Results: For an initial concentration of 18 mg/g, when using Cs-131, and Pd-103, a DEF of 2 could only be achieved for BTV of 3.3 cm3 and 1 cm3 respectively. Meanwhile a DEF of 2 could be achieved for all 12 BTVs when using I-125. To achieve a DEF of 2 for all patients using Cs-131 and Pd-103, much higher initial concentrations would have to be used than have been typically employed in pre-clinical studies. Conclusion: The I-125 is the most viable BTS that can be employed with GBS to guide dose painting treatment planning for localized PCa.
Plasma Fibrinogen: Determination, Normal Values, Physiopathologic Shifts, and Fluctuations

The determination of plasma fibrinogen, either as clottable protein or protein precipitable with glycine or ammonium sulfate, is evaluated in terms of principles of analysis, analytic error, normal and abnormal ranges, physiologic stability, and pathologic variability of fibrinogen concentration. The quantitative comparison of analytic error, population ranges, and individual variability should permit more precise interpretation of clinical data than previously has been possible.
Analgesic properties of intrathecally administered heterocyclic antidepressants.

Abstract Antinociceptive activities of heterocyclic antidepressants (HCAs) were studied after intrathecal (i.t.) administration in mice. HCAs with selective norepinephrine reuptake blocking properties (noradrenergic HCAs), such as desipramine and protriptyline, produced different antinociceptive profiles from HCAs with selective serotonin reuptake blocking properties (serotonergic HCAs), such as fluoxetine and citalopram. Noradrenergic HCAs were antinociceptive in all of the three nociceptive tests employed in the present study i.e., tail-flick (TF) test i.t. substance P-induced behavioral (SPB) test and intradermal hypertonic saline-induced behavioral (HSB) test. Intrathecal noradrenergic HCAs potentiated systemic or i.t. morphine-induced antinociception in the TF test. Serotonergic HCAs were partially antinociceptive in the SPB and HSB test, but inactive in the TF test. Furthermore, serotonergic HCAs did not enhance the antinociception produced by systemic or intrathecal morphine. The present data suggest that 1. (1) the efficacy of HCAs in the control of chronic pain stems, at least partially, from their action in the spinal cord, 2. (2) their analgesic activities probably involve blockade of monoamine reuptake, and 3. (3) the spinal serotonergic system probably possesses a dual action in regard to spinal nociception, while the noradrenergic system does not.
A critique of several failure detection approaches for navigation systems

Additional references relating to the work of J.E. White and J.L. Speyer (ibid., vol.AC-32, p.593-603, July 1987) are reported and commented on. White and Speyer discussed predecessor studies that dealt with failure detection in navigation applications described by stochastic time-invariant linear system with additive Gaussian white process and measurement noises being present, and sought to use Kalman filters tuned in this application context to detect a priori specified failures. It is argued that, since the predecessor work dealt exclusively with time-invariant deterministic systems devoid of noise terms, exclusive use of observers suffice for failure detection in this more benign context. >