cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE HOMOLOGOUS BLOOD SYNDROME. III. INFLUENCE OF PLASMA, BUFFY COAT AND RED CELLS IN PROVOKING ITS MANIFESTATIONS.

Abstract 1. 1. Rapid exchange of homologous blood in dog or man may precipitate a state of shock. The reaction is dose-related and becomes more pronounced with increasing duration. 2. 2. Severe hypovolemia (diminution of the effective circulating blood volume) results from sequestration of both plasma and cells. 3. 3. Eventual return of a portion of the trapped blood is evident from repetitive blood volume studies. 4. 4. Separate exchange of components of homologous blood did not eliminate the manifestations of the syndrome in the experimental animal. However, erythrocytes reconstituted in physiologic saline solution caused the least dynamic alterations. 5. 5. Data obtained during clinical exchange of homologous erythrocytes and saline are presented. 6. 6. Amelioration of the homologous blood syndrome during cardiopulmonary bypass has been obtained by (a) reduction of the extracorporeal priming volume, (b) substitution of electrolyte solutions for a portion of the homologous blood and (c) reutilization of blood collecting in pleural and precardial spaces during surgery. 7. 7. Possible etiologic mechanisms of the homologous blood syndrome are discussed.
Precise nanometer localization analysis for individual fluorescent probes

Calculation of the centroid of the images of individual fluorescent particles and molecules allows localization and tracking in light microscopes to a precision about an order of magnitude greater than the microscope resolution. The factors that limit the precision of these techniques are examined and a simple equation derived that describes the precision of localization over a wide range of conditions. In addition, a localization algorithm motivated from least-squares fitting theory is constructed and tested both on image stacks of 30-nm fluorescent beads and on computer-generated images (Monte Carlo simulations). Results from the algorithm show good agreement with the derived precision equation for both the simulations and actual images. The availability of a simple equation to describe localization precision helps investigators both in assessing the quality of an experimental apparatus and in directing attention to the factors that limit further improvement. The precision of localization scales as the inverse square root of the number of photons in the spot for the shot noise limited case and as the inverse of the number of photons for the background noise limited case. The optimal image magnification depends on the expected number of photons and background noise, but, for most cases of interest, the pixel size should be about equal to the standard deviation of the point spread function.
Ribosomal RNA activity and protein in skeletal muscles of chronic ethanol-fed rats

Abstract The effect of prolonged ethanol exposure on ribosomal RNA activity and the content of RNA and protein in skeletal muscles of 15- and 22–25-month-old rats was evaluated. Experimental rats were fed a liquid diet containing 6.7% ethanol for 2, 4 and 6 months, and control rats were pair-fed an isocaloric diet. The in vivo incorporation of [ 3 H]puromycin into nascent peptides on messenger RNA-ribosome complexes was determined to assess muscle ribosomal RNA activity. This activity was significantly reduced in extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of rats fed ethanol for 2 months. While the total RNA content of these muscles was unchanged after feeding ethanol for 2, 4 and 6 months, their messenger RNA content was decreased from 26–34%. The total protein content was reduced after ethanol was consumed for 6 months. Taken together, the results suggest that alterations in the transcriptional or posttranscriptional control of messenger RNA may contribute toward the development of alcoholic myopathy after prolonged ethanol consumption.
The maximal stimulation and facial nerve conduction latency tests : predicting the outcome of Bell's palsy

To test the hypothesis that the facial nerve conduction latency test is a better and earlier indicator of prognosis than other electrodiagnostic tests, 86 patients with Bell's palsy were followed for a minimum of 4 months. To select control subjects for our own research clinic and for comparison with the patient population, latency values in 25 normal volunteers (50 sides) were determined. Serial maximal stimulation tests (MST) and latency tests were conducted to determine disease severity and prognosis in Bell's palsy patients. Outcome was graded using the Facial Paralysis Recovery Profile (FPRP) and Facial Paralysis Recovery Index (FPRI) as well as the House grading system. The capability of the two tests to accurately predict outcome was evaluated. The MST accurately predicted outcome in 94% of patients studied. In the control group, normal latency values were a mean 3.8 msec with a standard deviation of 0.49. In the patient population, latency values were either within normal limits or absent. When done within 4 days of onset of Bell's palsy, neither test was capable of predicting axonal degeneration. Statistical analyses included Fisher's Exact Test, the paired Student's t test, and correlation coefficient calculations.
Identification of ribonucleotide reductase M2 as a potential target for pro-senescence therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecological-related cancer deaths in the United States. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease. Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell growth arrest that acts as an important tumor suppression mechanism. Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) plays a key role in regulating the senescence-associated cell growth arrest by controlling biogenesis of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates (dNTPs). The role of RRM2 in EOC remains poorly understood. Here we show that RRM2 is expressed at higher levels in EOCs compared with either normal ovarian surface epithelium (P < 0.001) or fallopian tube epithelium (P < 0.001). RRM2 expression significantly correlates with the expression of Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation (P < 0.001). Moreover, RRM2 expression positively correlates with tumor grade and stage, and high RRM2 expression independently predicts a shorter overall survival i...
Non-linear arx model-based kullback index for fault detection of a screw compressor

Abstract A non-linear model-based fault detection scheme for a single screw compressor is described. This fault detection scheme can detect faults without prior experience with them. It employs genetic algorithms to identify non-linear difference equations that model the dynamics of the compressor from measured motor current and angular velocity. First, the scheme identifies a baseline model from the compressor which is in its normal state. Subsequently, in its monitoring phase, the scheme continuously identifies a non-linear model for the compressor and uses the Kullback discrimination index (KDI) to gauge the difference between the latest model and the baseline one. This difference is then used as an indicator to faults. If it is greater than a preset threshold which is determined from the distribution of KDI under various normal conditions, the presence of a fault is concluded. Experimental results show that this non-linear model based KDI is a consistent and reliable index for two frequent faults, gaterotor wear and rolling friction increase. Additionally, it follows monotonic trends as the severity of the fault grows.
Association between the ankle-brachial index and future coronary calcium (The rancho bernardo study)

This study investigated whether the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a cohort of men and women who were free of clinical coronary heart disease. CAC was assessed by electron beam computed tomography in 279 community-based subjects who also had ABI measurements 7 years previously. Patients’ mean age was 65.8 years and 51.3% were women. Thirty-three patients (11.8%) had an ABI
Spatially selective mirror for compressive sensing imaging system

Compressive sensing has been identified as a significant technique to reduce the volume of data collected in sensing applications to a minimum. Prior art has empirically demonstrated the effectiveness of a spinning disk for reconstruction of TeraHertZ (THZ) images. Prior empirical data has demonstrated reconstruction artifacts that are associated, in part, with the statistical Probability Density Function (PDF) of the randomly distributed transmission holes in the rotating plate. Empirical demonstration at other wavelengths such as the InfRared (IR) has also been suggested. This document summarizes the statistical requirements for artifact minimization for the previously reported spinning disk system. Consideration is given to the impact of operation at non-THZ wavelengths such as the IR.
Hereditary inclusion-body myopathies

The term hereditary inclusion-body myopathies (HIBMs) defines a group of rare muscle disorders with autosomal recessive or dominant inheritance and presence of muscle fibers with rimmed vacuoles and collection of cytoplasmic or nuclear 15-21 nm diameter tubulofilaments as revealed by muscle biopsy. The most common form of HIBM is due to mutations of the GNE gene that codes for a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. This results in abnormal sialylation of glycoproteins that possibly leads to muscle fiber degeneration. Mutations of the valosin containing protein are instead responsible for hereditary inclusion-body myopathy with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD), with these three phenotypic features having a variable penetrance. IBMPFD probably represents a disorder of abnormal cellular trafficking of proteins and maturation of the autophagosome. HIBM with congenital joint contractures and external ophthalmoplegia is due to mutations of the Myosin Heavy Chain IIa gene that exerts a pathogenic effect through interference with filament assembly or functional defects in ATPase activity. This review illustrates the clinical and pathologic characteristics of HIBMs and the main clues available to date concerning the possible pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives of these disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuromuscular Diseases: Pathology and Molecular Pathogenesis.
Injective dimension of D-modules: a characteristic-free approach

We give a characteristic-free proof of the fact that if A is a ring of formal power series in a finite number of variables over a field k and M is any module over the ring of k-linear differential operators of A, then in the category of A-modules, the injective dimension of M is bounded above by the dimension of the support of M. This is applied to give a characteristic-free proof of the same inequality between the injective dimension and the dimension of the support for local cohomology modules HiI(R) where R is any regular Noetherian ring containing a field and I⊂R is any ideal. This result for local cohomology modules had been proven before in characteristic 0 and characteristic p>0 by two methods that were completely different from each other.
Post-civil war democratization: promotion of democracy in post-civil war states, 1946–2005

Post-civil war democratization is a critical element of building sustainable peace in post-civil war states. Yet studies of democratic transition and survival suggest that the post-civil war environment is not hospitable to either the transition toward or the survival of democracy. This inhospitality may be due to the fact that post-civil war environments are contentious. After a civil war, the former protagonists fear for their security and also want to protect their political and economic interests. The central argument of this study is that former rivals can agree to a transition toward democracy to the extent that a stable balance of power exists between the government and rebel groups; a balance that eliminates the sort of security dilemma that would encourage one or both parties to resume armed conflict. Such a balance should ensure access to political power and economic resources. This study identifies factors that contribute to the establishment of a balance of power between former protagonists an...
Nutrient utilization by pine seedlings and soil microbes in oligotrophic pine barrens forest soils subjected to prescribed fire treatment

The purpose of this greenhouse experiment was to examine the short-term effects of competition between pine seedlings and the soil microbial biomass in sandy oligotrophic pine barrens upland forest soils subjected to varying levels of prescribed fire severity. Pine seedling growth performance, microbial biomass nitrogen, extractable soil nutrients and leaching loss from the soil were determined, throughout a single growing season following fire treatment. Replicate soil cores exposed to three levels of fire severity were maintained in a greenhouse with or without a pine seedling. Throughout the following growing season replicate cores from each treatment were harvested and analyzed monthly. The data allowed testing for two main effects: soil fire treatment and tree presence/absence. In no instance was a significant fire treatment X tree presence/absence interaction found. Our results indicate that biological activity strongly influences soil conditions. Reduced microbial activity resulted from the interaction of soil microbial biomass and an individual pine seedling. Increased plant growth performance correlates with reduced soil mineral nitrogen concentration and decreased pH. At the levels of fire severity utilized in this experiment immobilization due to biological uptake and abiotic soil fixation prevented significant leaching losses above that of unburned control samples. In the oligotrophic, pine barrens soils, nitrogen and phosphorus mineralized by fire are largely conserved by biological processes. These results also suggest that plant growth is subject to limitation by phosphorus availability in these soils.
Cor Triatriatum as a Problem of Adult Heart Disease

The occurrence of severe pulmonary venous obstruction due to the congenital anomaly known as cor triatriatum in a 19-year-old furniture mover is described. Relentless and massive hemoptysis led to pulmonary edema, and an attempt at surgical correction under unfavorable conditions was not successful. Seven other cases of cor triatriatum in adults are reviewed. The hemodynamic abnormalities closely resemble mitral stenosis, except that pressures in the true left atrium were normal in the presence of elevated pulmonary capillary pressures. The availability of flow across the obstructing membrane during systole as well as diastole is probably the major element in the surprisingly good tolerance of severe degrees of anatomic obstruction for long periods of time. Slow increase in the degree of obstruction could also be a factor. The clinical picture in these patients very closely resembles mitral stenosis. Hemoptysis appeared to be more frequent in cor triatriatum. Features suggestive of the correct diagnosis w...
Differential induction of heme oxygenase and other stress proteins in cultured hippocampal astrocytes and neurons by inorganic lead.

Abstract We examined the effects of exposure to inorganic lead (Pb 2+ ) on the induction of stress proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons and astrocytes, with particular emphasis on the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In radiolabeled neuronal cultures, Pb 2+ exposure had no significant effect on the synthesis of any protein at any concentration (up to 250 μM) or duration of exposure (up to 4 days). In radiolabeled astrocyte cultures, however, Pb 2+ exposure (100 nM to 100 μM; 1–4 days) increased synthesis of proteins with approximate molecular weights of 23, 32, 45, 57, 72, and 90 kDa. Immunoblot experiments showed that Pb 2+ exposure (100 nM to 10 μM, 1–14 days) induces HO-1 synthesis in astrocytes, but not in neurons; this is probably the 32-kDa protein. The other heme oxygenase isoform, HO-2, is present in both neurons and astrocytes, but is not inducible by Pb 2+ at concentrations up to 100 μM. HO-1 can be induced by a variety of stimuli. We found that HO-1 induction in astrocytes is increased by combined exposure to Pb 2+ and many other stresses, including heat, nitric oxide, H 2 O 2 , and superoxide. One of the stimuli that may induce HO-1 is oxidative stress. Lead exposure causes oxidative stress in many cell types, including astrocytes. Induction of HO-1 by Pb 2+ is reduced by the hydroxyl radical scavengers dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and mannitol, but not by inhibitors of calmodulin, calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, protein kinase C, or extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). Therefore, we conclude that oxidative stress is an important mechanism by which Pb 2+ induces HO-1 synthesis in astrocytes.
Wave produced changes in underwater light and their relations to vision

Maximal visual sensitivity of most vertebrates and invertebrates coincides with the dominant wave-induced flicker frequencies associated with underwater light. Waves also produce patterns off reflective objects that resemble many of the body markings found on fishes. The close relationship that exists between the physiological properties of spatial and temporal vision thus suggests an ancient adaptation to the wave-induced fluctuations and spatial patterns associated with underwater light.
An Analysis of D-C Machine Commutation

When a d-c machine commutates, abrupt pulsations of bar-to-bar voltage occur under the brushes. This paper presents an analytical method of determining bar-to-bar voltage as a function of time during commutation. The results of the method are applied to several large d-c machines and compared with oscillograph data. With the advent of highspeed digital computers, the method is readily adaptable to design use, and provides the designer with a new tool for predicting commutation performance.
Diverse player experiences in the design of science games for bioinformatics learning

While a growing number of serious games have been developed around science and engineering concepts, few are designed with an understanding of the socio-emotional aspects of gameplay. Positive affect has been shown to increase learning performance and retention. In this paper, we address enjoyment generated during the design of a bioinformatics computer game. We provide insights from a co-design process with high school students, and discuss the results of an initial user study in a biology classroom. We identify three areas of design focus for emotionally compelling science games that offer ways to integrate diverse player experiences: serendipitous experiences, emotion-laden ethics, and skill transfer. Our framework has design implications for creating science-based learning games, as well as more broadly in the design and implementation of other collaborative science learning environments.
Randomized comparison between antibiotics alone and antibiotics plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Escherichia coli-derived in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia.

Abstract purpose: A prospective, randomized study was conducted to determine if recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh-GMCSF) ( Escherichia coli -derived) could improve response rates to antibiotic therapy and shorten the duration of neutropenia in cancer patients. patients and methods: A total of 107 febrile neutropenic cancer patients were randomly assigned to empiric therapy with ticarcillin-clavulanate (4 g ticarcillin + 0.1 g clavulanate IV every 4 hours) plus netilmicin (2 mg/kg IV every 8 hours) with or without rh-GMCSF (3 μg/kg per day IV). Clinical improvement, duration of neutropenia, and toxicity were monitored. results: Addition of rh-GMCSF to the antibiotics significantly improved the response rate (96% versus 82%, P = 0.03), but not the survival rate (93% versus 93%), in the evaluable patients. This difference in response rate was not significant when considering all patients in an intent-to-treat analysis. The number of patients who recovered from severe neutropenia ( conclusions: Our data do not support the routine administration of rh-GMCSF with antibiotics for patients with fever and neutropenia. Further studies should be conducted to identify those patients most likely to benefit from rh-GMCSF therapy, such as patients with persistent profound neutropenia and refractory infections.
THE ROLE OF WORKER TENURE AND EMPLOYMENT HETEROGENEITY ON SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT WORK ACTIVITIES

Software development group effectiveness depends on many factors, and understanding those factors is vital to project success, especially when considering the time and money that is dedicated to said projects. Therefore, this study examines the role of worker tenure and employment heterogeneity on exploration and exploitation work completed within an organization’s software development group. Analysis of time tracking data within one financial services organization over a three years period demonstrates that worker tenure and employment heterogeneity do play an important role in shaping work activities. Worker tenure exhibited a negative relationship with exploration and exploitation activities, suggesting a critical mechanism through which an organization can elicit innovative and incremental development efforts. Further, the positive effect of employment heterogeneity on exploration and exploitation suggests that employment diversity can also provide a means to encourage innovative and incremental development activities. Findings highlight the notion that group composition plays a meaningful role in shaping the focus of software development work within an organization.
Receptive-field properties of Q retinal ganglion cells of the cat

The goal of this work was to provide a detailed quantitative description of the recepii ve-field properties of one of the types of rarely encountered retinal ganglion cells of cat; the cell named the Q-cell by Enroth-Cugell et al. (1983). Quantitative comparisons are made between the discharge statistics and between the spatial receptive properties of Q-cells and the most common of cat retinal ganglion cells, the X-cells. The center-surround receptive field of the Q-cell is modeled here quantitatively and the typical Q-cell is described. The temporal properties of the Q-cell receptive field were also investigated and the dynamics of the center mechanism of the Q-cell modeled quantitatively. In addition, the response vs. contrast relationship for a Q-cell at optimal spatial and temporal frequencies is shown, and Q-cells are also demonstrated to have nonlinear spatial summation somewhat like that exhibited by Y-cells, although much higher contrasts are required to reveal this nonlinear behavior. Finally, the relationship between Q-cells and Barlow and Levick's (1969) luminance units was investigated and it was found that most Q-cells could not be luminance units.
Nerve Blocks for Chronic Pain

Nerve blocks are often performed as therapeutic or palliative interventions for pain relief. However, they are often performed for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. When considering nerve blocks for chronic pain, clinicians must always consider the indications, risks, benefits, and proper technique. Nerve blocks encompass a wide variety of interventional procedures. The most common nerve blocks for chronic pain and that may be applicable to the neurosurgical patient population are reviewed in this article. This article is an introduction and brief synopsis of the different available blocks that can be offered to a patient.
Metabolic gene profile in early human fetal heart development

The primitive cardiac tube starts beating 6-8 weeks post fertilization in the developing embryo. In order to describe normal cardiac development during late first and early second trimester in human fetuses this study used microarray and pathways analysis and created a corresponding 'normal' database. Fourteen fetal hearts from human fetuses between 10 and 18 weeks of gestational age (GA) were prospectively collected at the time of elective termination of pregnancy. RNA from recovered tissues was used for transcriptome analysis with Affymetrix 1.0 ST microarray chip. From the amassed data we investigated differences in cardiac development within the 10-18 GA period dividing the sample by GA in three groups: 10-12 (H1), 13-15 (H2) and 16-18 (H3) weeks. A fold change of 2 or above adjusted for a false discovery rate of 5% was used as initial cutoff to determine differential gene expression for individual genes. Test for enrichment to identify functional groups was carried out using the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Array analysis correctly identified the cardiac specific genes, and transcripts reported to be differentially expressed were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Single transcript and Ontology analysis showed first trimester heart expression of myosin-related genes to be up-regulated >5-fold compared with second trimester heart. In contrast the second trimester hearts showed further gestation-related increases in many genes involved in energy production and cardiac remodeling. In conclusion, fetal heart development during the first trimester was dominated by heart-specific genes coding for myocardial development and differentiation. During the second trimester, transcripts related to energy generation and cardiomyocyte communication for contractile coordination/proliferation were more dominant. Transcripts related to fatty acid metabolism can be seen as early as 10 weeks and clearly increase as the heart matures. Retinol receptor and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor transcripts were detected, and have not been described previously in human fetal heart during this period. For the first time global gene expression of heart has been described in human samples to create a database of normal development to understand and compare with known abnormal fetal heart development.
From placement to prison: The path to adolescent incarceration from child welfare supervised foster or group care

Abstract Previous studies have found a substantial proportion of youth who exit foster or group care experience negative outcomes such as poor mental health or incarceration. Yet, little is known about the increase or decrease in the likelihood of negative outcomes like serious youthful offending according to different pathways in and out of foster care. The present study adds significantly to the scant literature on the outcomes of children served in the foster care system by conducting a prospective examination of adolescent incarceration for serious felony and violent offenses as a post-discharge outcome for children in out-of-home placement. Results indicate that children first placed between the ages of 12 and 15, children with multiple placements and multiple spells in care, and children who have placement experiences supervised by probation following their child welfare involvement had a higher risk of incarceration for a serious or violent offense during adolescence. The risk for different ethnic groups changed according to the type of foster care experience, as well as the gender of the child. Recommendations for future research and service delivery are made.
Effects of Lexicality, Frequency, and Spelling-to-Sound Consistency on the Functional Anatomy of Reading

Summary or letter clusters to phonemes) in order to assemble a pronunciation by “sounding out” the nonword (Meyer Functional neuroimaging was used to investigate et al., 1974; Morton and Patterson, 1980; Coltheart et three factors that affect reading performance: first, al., 1993; Besner, 1999). Consideration of these issues whether a stimulus is a word or pronounceable non- led us to hypothesize that effects of lexicality could word (lexicality), second, how often a word is encoun- serve as markers for either word-specific representatered (frequency), and third, whether the pronunciation tions of orthography, phonology, or semantics, or for has a predictable spelling-to-sound correspondence processes engaged in the absence of preexisting lexical (consistency). Comparisons between word naming representations. (reading) and visual fixation scans revealed stimulus- Turning to effects of word frequency, it is known that related activation differences in seven regions. A left frequently occurring words are pronounced more rapfrontal region showed effects of consistency and lexi- idly than words that occur less often (Forster and Chamcality, indicating a role in orthographic to phonological bers, 1973; Frederiksen and Kroll, 1976; Scarborough transformation. Motor cortex showed an effect of con- et al., 1977; Balota and Chumbley, 1984; Pugh et al., sistency bilaterally, suggesting that motoric pro- 1997). The ubiquitous nature of frequency effects across cesses beyond high-level representations of word a wide range of other tasks indicates that experience phonology influence reading performance. Implica- with a word may enhance many different types of protions for the integration of these results into theoreti- cessing (Balota and Chumbley, 1985; Jescheniak and cal models of word reading are discussed. Levelt, 1994). By itself, an effect of whole word frequency thus reveals little about the type of information represented (e.g., orthographic versus phonological), but it
Reliability Issues of a Crack-Resistant Passivation Layer Process for Sub-Micron Non-Volatile Memory Technology

Chemically vapor deposited phosphosilicate glass (PSG) has been used extensively for final passivation on EPROM and other Non Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies. The maximum amount of phosphorous that can be added to the passivation oxide (post metallization) is constrained by the stability of the as-deposited, undensified film. Atmospheric-pressure chemically vapor deposited films of various dopant levels ranging from pure PSG to various boron and phosphorous wt% BPSG films were studied with respect to their passivation properties. The film performance with respect to passivation crack resistance, step coverage, and impacts on metal cracks/voids was evaluated. It was found that the crack resistance was by far more sensitive to boron concentration than that of phosphorous in the undensified film. The crack resistance is shown to be dependent on the as-deposited film densities, moisture levels and amount of shrinkage after a 400° C alloy/anneal. Other important parameters such as stress levels, UV transparency and sodium gettering capabilities were investigated. Reliability data on packaged-device level testing (both ceramic and plastic units) are also presented.
Online outlier detection in sensor data using non-parametric models

Sensor networks have recently found many popular applications in a number of different settings. Sensors at different locations can generate streaming data, which can be analyzed in real-time to identify events of interest. In this paper, we propose a framework that computes in a distributed fashion an approximation of multi-dimensional data distributions in order to enable complex applications in resource-constrained sensor networks.We motivate our technique in the context of the problem of outlier detection. We demonstrate how our framework can be extended in order to identify either distance- or density-based outliers in a single pass over the data, and with limited memory requirements. Experiments with synthetic and real data show that our method is efficient and accurate, and compares favorably to other proposed techniques. We also demonstrate the applicability of our technique to other related problems in sensor networks.
Energy requirement for comminution of biomass in relation to particle physical properties

Abstract The energy requirement for biomass comminution and the resulting particle physical properties are important factors to study logistic components, select equipment, and assess the overall efficiency of feedstock supply–conversion chain. In this study, mechanical size reduction of Miscanthus ( Miscanthus giganteus ), switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ), willow ( Salix babylonica ), and energy cane ( Saccharum spp.) was carried out using a commercial-scale hammer mill, a bench-scale Retsch SM2000 knife mill and a Retsch SK100 hammer mill. The results showed that the specific energy consumption of biomass comminution and the aperture sizes of the milling screens were related in power-law forms. Biomass moisture significantly influenced comminution energy consumption, especially for finer size reduction. Given a specific milling screen, the Retsch SK100 hammer mill was found more energy efficient than the SM2000 knife mill. This was mainly attributed to the higher motor speed and axial feeding mechanism of the hammer mill. The particle sizes after comminution were found inversely proportional to the bulk densities of all four energy crops used in experiments. In addition, the comminution ratio, being the ratio of the final mean particle size and the original mean particle size, was proportional to energy consumption for all four energy crops. The bulk densities for 4-mm and smaller Miscanthus and switchgrass particles were higher than those of the original bale. Particle size and surface area estimates using commonly used ANSI/ASAE Standards S424.1 and 319.4 were highly sensitive to particle size distributions and shapes. Further studies on standardization of particle size and surface area estimates are needed.
Rho-stimulated Contractility Contributes to the Fibroblastic Phenotype of Ras-transformed Epithelial Cells

Oncogenic transformation of cells alters their morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and adhesive interactions. When the mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A is transformed by activated H-Ras, the cells display a mesenchymal/fibroblastic morphology with decreased cell-cell junctions but increased focal adhesions and stress fibers. We have investigated whether the transformed phenotype is due to Rho activation. The Ras-transformed MCF10A cells have elevated levels of myosin light chain phosphorylation and are more contractile than their normal counterparts, consistent with the activation of Rho. Furthermore, inhibitors of contractility restore a more normal epithelial phenotype to the Ras-transformed MCF10A cells. However, inhibiting Rho by microinjection of C3 exotransferase or dominant negative RhoA only partially restores the normal phenotype, in that it fails to restore normal junctional organization. This result prompted us to examine the effect that inhibiting Rho would have on the junctions of normal MCF10A cells. We have found that inhibiting Rho by C3 microinjection leads to a disruption of E-cadherin cytoskeletal links in adherens junctions and blocks the assembly of new adherens junctions. The introduction of constitutively active Rho into normal MCF10A cells did not mimic the Ras-transformed phenotype. Thus, these results lead us to conclude that some, but not all, characteristics of Ras-transformed epithelial cells are due to activated Rho. Whereas Rho is needed for the assembly of adherens junctions, high levels of activated Rho in Ras-transformed cells contribute to their altered cytoskeletal organization. However, additional events triggered by Ras must also be required for the disruption of adherens junctions and the full development of the transformed epithelial phenotype.
BYOD: An Examination Of Bring Your Own Device In Business

There are security implications and hidden costsof Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). A recent study found that a companywith 1,000 mobile devices will spend an additional $170,000 average per year ifthey adopt the BYOD methodology. In addition, there is the increased complexityof supporting various types of devices running different operating systems ondifferent carriers. There is also a problem of legal liability and anorganization will also lose brand identity since the number belongs to theemployee and not the organization.
Angiotropic lymphoma: A Concealed Etiology of Fever of Unknown Origin

A 67 year old female presented with generalized weakness, falls and recurrent high grade fevers for 5 - 6 weeks. Physical findings included high grade temperature, lower extremity weakness and diminished reflexes. An extensive work-up for fever of unknown origin (FUO), including PET-FDG scan, did not yield any occult infectious or neoplastic process. Ultimately a temporal artery biopsy was planned to rule out temporal arteritis. The histopathology of temporal artery was normal while the vein showed lymphoid proliferation consistent with Angiotropic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).
Cloning of the gene for Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase from Pseudomonas testosteroni

Abstract We have cloned an approx. 5-kb fragment of Pseudomonas testosteroni DNA containing the structural gene of Δ 5 -3-ketosteroid isomerase into the Eco RI site of the λgt11 genome. Escherichia coli infected with these recombinant phages produce a polypeptide which is recognized by antiserum raised against the purified isomerase. Four of the recombinant λgt11 clones contain significant levels of isomerase activity and produce an immunopositive polypeptide of the same apparent M r as the native isomerase obtained from P. testosteroni . The approx. 5-kb fragment hybridizes to synthetic 21-mer and 17-mer oligodeoxynucleotide mixtures corresponding to the 5' and 3' regions, respectively, of the expected nucleotide sequence of the gene.
Interactions Between Species

In this chapter we begin our examination of interactions between species. For two reasons, we will focus only on the interactions between two species.
The Postwar Consumer as Feminized Legal Subject

This article offers a cultural-narrative analysis of key texts in postwar consumer protection law. It posits that reform-minded courts, treating the consumer as feminized and in need of protection, offered an alternative (or augmentation) to the standard analysis, which attributes the heightened consumer protection of the postwar era as a functionalist response to changing manufacturing and marketing conditions. The premise of the article is that gendered nuances emerged in consumer protection doctrine based on the stereotypical postwar image of the consumer as a suburban-stay-at-home-mother-nurturer, who, though disempowered in the larger culture in relation to men, nonetheless managed the consumption for the family. With the mass production and mass advertising that intensified in the postwar era, the theory of caveat emptor shifted to an ideology that saw the feminized consumer as too susceptible to advertising and helplessly unable to have command of the complexities of modern products to buy intelligently, and thus, in need of protection within the marketplace. The article tracks this shift from knowledgeable buyer to disempowered and feminized consumer as seen through three early 1960s New Jersey Supreme Court decisions that spearheaded a substantial expansion of legal protection for consumers nationally - Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Schipper v. Levitt & Sons, Inc., and Santor v. A & M Karagheusian. This legal shift, the article argues, reflected and reinforced ideas about women and gender roles that were circulating in postwar culture.
Money for Nothing and Hits for Free: The Ethics of Downloading Music from Peer-to-Peer Web Sites

This study relates consumer ethics and attitudes to the recent controversy over file-sharing Web sites such as Napster, Morpheus, and Kazaa. Data were collected from college students to determine their ethical attitudes toward downloading music without paying as well as their attitudes toward record companies and recording artists. Twenty-one students participated in a qualitative study, and 210 participated in a follow-up quantitative study. Results suggest that downloading reflects more than just access to high-speed technology. The fmdings suggest that respondents who download music from the Internet differ from those who do not download in that downloaders have lesser ethical concern, indicating a greater willingness to endorse ethically questionable acts, and that downloaders are more likely to believe that downloading files does not harm the company or the artists.
SYNTHESIS AND NMR CHARACTERIZATION OF P-VINYL SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHAZENE PRECURSORS1

Abstract The reactions of either PhPCl2 or PCl3 with (Me3Si)2NLi followed by H2C[dbnd]CHMgBr were used to prepare the new P-vinyl substituted [bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]phosphines, (Me3Si)2NP(R)CH[dbnd]CH2 [1: R=Ph, 2: CH[dbnd]CH2, 3: R=Me, and 4: R=N(SiMe3)2]. Oxidative bromination of phosphines 3–1 afforded the P-bromo-P-vinyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)phosphoranimines, Me3SiN[dbnd]P(CH[dbnd]CH2)(R)Br [5: R=Ph, 6: R=CH[dbnd]CH2, 7: R=Me], which, upon treatment with CF3CH2OH/Et3N, were subsequently converted to the P-trifluoroethoxy derivatives, Me3SiN[dbnd]P(CH[dbnd]CH2)(R)OCH2CF3 [8: R=Ph, 9: R=CH[dbnd]CH2, 10: R=Me]. Compounds 1–10, which are of interest as potential precursors to P-vinyl substituted poly(phosphazenes), were fully characterized by elemental analyses (except for the thermally unstable P-Br derivatives 5–7) and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, and 31P) including complete analysis of the vinylic proton splitting patterns via HOM2DJ experiments.
Rheumatoid arthritis. Lecture 13.

Total therapy for arthritis should include physical, medical and, when indicated, surgical treatment. Objectives of physical treatment are to cure the disease or stop its progress, to relieve pain,...
Characterization of the upper urinary tract anatomy in the Danforth spontaneous murine mutation

Absence or maldevelopment of the ureteral bud is thought to represent the final pathophysiological pathway resulting in renal anomalies ranging from agenesis to duplication. Little is known about the events preceding anomalous or absent ureteral bud formation. We describe the renal and ureteral anomalies found in a spontaneous murine mutation associated with a short tail: the Danforth or Sd mutation. Thirteen heterozygous pairs of mice were mated. Of 57 near-term progeny 40 had short tails. Microdissection revealed both kidneys and ureters in 35%, neither kidneys nor ureters in 27.5%, absence of the left kidney and ureter in 10%, absence of the right kidney and ureter in 7.5%, and absence of 1 or both kidneys associated with a blind-ending ureter in 20% of the mice. Scanning electron microscopy of gestational day 12 fetuses revealed unilateral or bilateral absence of the metanephros in some embryos, including some with a ureteral bud. Thus, primary absence of the metanephros may have a role in renal agenesis. Additional findings suggest that compensatory renal hypertrophy occurs in utero in the fetuses with unilateral renal agenesis. The morphological abnormalities involving the kidneys in the Sd mutation may represent an excellent model to study the pathophysiology of renal agenesis and mechanisms of normal renal development.
Health Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Information on the health and wellness of people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) has been furthered by direct clinical assessments, community surveys, and health service research. Each of these presents with limitations, particularly in the area of generalization. Population based surveillance methods address this limitation and provide a representative look at the lives of people with IDD. National surveillance datasets are successful in presenting rich, nationally-representative information on health issues, however, they also present with limitations that do not apply to other methods of health research. For example, this methodology is unable to confirm diagnoses of health conditions endorsed by respondents, and information may not be as in-depth as smaller-scale studies such as direct assessment, community-based surveys, and health record reviews. Despite these limitations, we will in this chapter share examples of research findings that have been published using national surveillance data. Surveillance data has led to many discoveries in terms health status, care, and quality that can help health care providers anticipate the needs of patients with IDD and their families, and ultimately provide better care.
Attitudinal Determinants of Recycling Behavior: At Home and on Vacation

Whether it is forced or voluntary, recycling can often increase environmental awareness. Therefore, in addition to representing the important and often overlooked final step in the consumption process, disposal, recycling represents a potential first step towards green behavior, including green buying behavior. This paper examines understudied attitudinal variables that may be related to recycling behavior. It captures both self-report data about recycling and opinions about environmental practices from both residents and people on vacation. People on vacation represent an interesting phenomenon, because they may engage in green practices at home, but may abandon green practices on vacation.
A Snapshot of 118 Solid State Lighting Testing Laboratories’ Capabilities

ABSTRACTThe National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began to offer proficiency testing for solid state lighting (SSL) products through a Measurement Assurance Program (MAP) in 2010. The MAP program provided proficiency testing complimenting laboratory accreditation to ensure that as SSL products became more prevalent, capable testing laboratories would be available to handle the volume of measurement work. This article communicates the results of the first version of the MAP in which 118 worldwide laboratories participated. The results of the comparison provide a snapshot of the capabilities of accredited laboratories worldwide. Statistical analysis of how the laboratories’ measurements compared to NIST’s measurements for photometric, colorimetric, and electrical quantities and fit parameters for each measurement are presented. In general, all of the laboratory results are within ±4% for total luminous flux and luminous efficacy measurements. The discussion provides reasons for any discrepan...
Privacy and biometrics: An empirical examination of employee concerns

Advances in authentication technology have led to a proliferation of biometric-based systems in the workplace. Although biometric technologies offer organizations a cost-effective method of increasing security, employees are often hesitant to permit use. The collection and storage of employee biometric data raises concerns about proper use of these intensely personal identifiers. This work draws from organizational privacy practices, electronic monitoring, procedural fairness, self-construal, and technology adoption theories. We investigate the effects of independent and interdependent self-construal on three newly developed dimensions of employee privacy concern related to organizational use of biometric technology. These dimensions include perceived accountability, perceived vulnerability, and perceived distrust toward the organization. We test the predictive power of our model using data from an organization deploying a new biometric system designed to track employee work assignments under the auspices of improving personnel safety. Results indicate that self-construal plays a significant role in the formulation of privacy concerns and both perceived accountability concerns and perceived vulnerability concerns are significant predictors of attitude toward using biometric technology in the workplace.