cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are recommended standards for diabetes care met in Central and South America? A systematic review.

Abstract Aims We evaluated quality of diabetes care in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) of Central and South America by documenting the ability to meet the guideline-recommended targets. We also identified barriers to achieving goals of treatment and characteristics of successful programs. Methods We searched the National Library of Medicine and Embase databases to systematically compile literature that reported on guideline-recommended processes of care (annual foot, eye, urine examinations, and regular blood glucose testing) and risk factor control (glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid levels) among people with diabetes since 1980. We compared risk factor control across clinic and household populations and benchmarked against the IDF guidelines. Results The available literature was largely from Mexico, Jamaica, and Brazil with little data from rural regions or smaller countries. Twenty-nine clinic-based and ten population-based studies showed a consistent failure to meet recommended care goals due to multiple underlying social and economic themes. Across all studies, the proportion of those not meeting targets ranged from 13.0 to 92.2% for glycemic control, 4.6 to 92.0% for blood pressure, and 28.2 to 78.3% for lipids. Conclusions Few studies report quality of diabetes care in LMICs of the Americas, and heterogeneity across studies limits our understanding. Greater regard for audits, use of standardized reporting methods, and an emphasis on overcoming barriers to care are required.
Infrared Spectra of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Methyl Substitution and Loss of H

The B3LYP approach, in conjunction with the 4-31G basis set, is used to compute the harmonic frequencies of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, 1-, 2-, and 9-methylanthracene, and their cations. The IR spectra of the methyl substituted species are very similar to the parent spectra, except for the addition of the methyl C-H stretch at lower frequency than the aromatic C-H stretch. The loss of a single hydrogen from naphthalene, anthracene, and their cations is shown to have a very small effect on the IR spectra. Loss of a methyl hydrogen from 1- or 2-methylnaphthalene, or their cations, is shown to shift the side group C-H frequencies from below aromatic hydrogen stretching frequencies to above them. The loss of IT from 2-methylenenaphthalene shows only a small shift in the side group C-H stretching frequency.
Physiologic control of conception with an intramuscular progestogen-estrogen: clinical experience.

Abstract Thirty-eight women were treated over 353 menstrual cycles with an intramuscular contraceptive preparation of 150 mg of dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide in combination with 10 mg of estradiol enanthate. Treatment consisted of one injection “monthly”. This compound proved to be an effective antifertility agent. Persistent menstrual irregularities of varying degree, was seen in every subject followed for more than 5 cycles, and was severe enough in 26% of the study group to cause cessation of therapy. The subject acceptance of this preparation was not enthusiastic, and it seems unlikely that it will supplant other contraceptive modes for the majority of the populace.
HLA-DR specific monoclonal antibodies block lymphoproliferative response to measles vaccine in vitro: A pilot study

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are important in protection against measles. Non-response to vaccination has been associated with specific HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles; however, little is known about the relative importance of these alleles in the cellular immune response induced by measles virus vaccine. To investigate the role of HLA-DR/DQ class II restriction, a small pilot study was conducted. Lymphoproliferation assays using class II DR and DQ-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) were performed at one week and two weeks post immunization with MMRII vaccine. The mean stimulation index (SI) was 4.4 and 5.3 at one and two weeks with reductions in SI of 47.6% and 70.2%, respectively, following the addition of DR-specific MoAb (p<0.001). These results clearly show that a significant proportion of the cell-mediated immune response to measles virus vaccine, as measured by SI, is HLA-DR restricted.
II. On the variation of entropy as treated by Prof. Willard Gibbs

(1904). II. On the variation of entropy as treated by Prof. Willard Gibbs. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 7, No. 37, pp. 8-14.
Teaching communication skills with virtual humans

At the University of Florida, our research team has worked on applying virtual humans as partners in interpersonal communication scenarios. Our goal is to teach communication skills using virtual humans (VHs). The simulation of an interaction between people to facilitate teaching, training, and testing of communication skills would be a powerful new VR application. Our approach is to employ natural methods of interaction with the VH. We are striving to create an experience similar to two (and eventually more) people talking
Surface Potential Dependence of the Hamaker Constant

Hamaker constant is a key parameter in the study of particle interactions of materials. Even though there are quite a few methods for measuring the Hamaker constant, the current experimental results showed that the obtained Hamaker constants from different methods for the same material usually had considerable variations. In this paper, a new method for determination of the Hamaker constant was suggested: the Hamaker constant can be easily measured through determination of the swelling pressure of the material in aqueous solution. In this paper, the Hamaker constants of 36 different montmorillonites with different surface potentials were obtained by the method. The results showed that the Hamaker constant of montmorillonite was surface potential dependent. At values of the surface potential larger than −267 mV, the values of the Hamaker constant increased with an increase of the surface potential; nevertheless, at surface potentials lower than −267 mV, the Hamaker constant appeared to decrease with an inc...
Note-Sensitivity Analysis in Leontief Substitution Systems

In this note we investigate extremal optimization over Leontief substitution systems. Such problems arise naturally in discounted Markov decision problems and in problems involving the control of economic systems. We develop both bounds on the objective value of a Leontief substitution system subject to perturbations and an algorithm for finding and improving perturbations.
On inverse mappings of residue class representing sum-distinct sets obtained from hadamard matrices

Inverse mappings are algorithms which return the subset of a given sum. The &#x1d4aa;(n logn) inverse mapping described here is related to recursively defined residue class representing sum-distinct sets from {0, 1} n . The sets are obtained from a certain class of Hadamard matrices.
Risk-adjusted discount rates and capital budgeting under uncertainty

Abstract This paper is concerned with the valuation of multiperiod cash flows in a world where prices are determined according to the Sharpe-Lintner-Black model of capital market equilibrium. We find that the current market value of any future net cash flow is the current expected value of the flow discounted at risk-adjusted discount rates for each of the periods until the flow is realized. The discount rates are known and non-stochastic, but the rates for the different periods preceding the realization of a cash flow need not to be the same, and the rates relevant for a given period can differ across cash flows. The risk adjustments in the discount rates arise because of uncertainties about reassessments through time of the expected value of a flow and the relationships between these reassessments and the corresponding reassessments of the expected cash flows of all firms.
Iodophor Disinfection of Muskellunge Eggs under Intensive Culture in Hatcheries

Abstract The iodophor Povidone-Iodine (1% active I2) was used at three concentrations, 100, 28, and 13 mg/L (1:100,1:350, and 1:750) for 10 min, in an attempt to disinfect fertilized eggs of muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) and to test the efficacy and toxicity of the compound on the eggs of cool-water species. No treatment effect was observed between treatments and controls or among treatments. However, no toxic effects of the iodophor were found at the concentrations of active I2 considered efficacious for salmonids.
Neg, a nerve growth factor–stimulated gene expressed by fetal neocortical neurons that is downregulated by ethanol

Neurotrophins are critical for neuronal development, plasticity, and survival. Ethanol affects these processes. We tested the hypothesis that ethanol inhibits nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated gene expression. Dissociated cultures of fetal cortical neurons were treated with NGF and/or ethanol. NGF sustained cell viability and reduced the incidence of terminal uridylated nick-end labeling and pyknosis. Ethanol eliminated these effects and induced neuronal death. Differential display of mRNA showed that one gene fragment (245 bp) was expressed by cells treated with NGF alone; ethanol blocked its expression. This fragment, named neg (nerve growth factor-stimulated, ethanol-depressed gene), has high nucleotide identity with genes from human myeloid cells and murine lymphocytes. Ribonuclease protection assay and in situ hybridization verified NGF upregulation and ethanol antagonism. Thus, ethanol specifically alters the expression of a gene that appears to be involved in NGF-mediated neuroprotection.
Reduction of material handling in the packing area of IR Steelcraft

The IR Steelcraft packing area process involves excessive manual material handling, and is an entirely nonvalue added process. The solution to this problem came in the form of three levels of capital investment into the area. The first level required only that the existing process be rearranged in order to address worker complaints. The mid level solution utilized vertical storage to make a more efficient use of floor space and to eliminate the restacking process. This mid level solution can be implemented for a small capital investment in the area. The high level solution is highly automated and includes an overhead pipe driven conveyor. This solution handles growth well and eliminates virtually all manual material handling. This solution, however does require a large capital investment.
Beitrag zur kenntnis des cerebralen fiebers

1. Es kommen Hirnblutungen mit und ohne Fieber zur klinischen Beobachtung. 2. Bei Apoplexien auftretendes Fieber kann nicht in jedem Fall als Resorptionsfieber gedeutet werden. 3. Experimentelle Untersuchungen verschiedener Autoren beweisen die Moglichkeit cerebralen Fiebers. 4. Maβgebend fur die Temperatursteigerung bei Hamorrhagien im Gehirn ist die Lokalisation der Blutung. 5. Wahrscheinlich fuhrt Durchbruch der Blutung in die Ventrikel zur Warmesteigerung. 6. Als fiebererregender Reiz wirkt nur die akute Dehnung der Ventrikel, nicht aber eine dauernde Erweiterung. 7. Der beschriebene Krankheitsfall ist ein typisches Beispiel cerebralen Fiebers infolge von Blutung ausschlieβlich in die Ventrikel ohne Verletzung von Hirnsubstanz.
PASSIVE DAMPING AUGMENTATION OF A VIBRATING BEAM USING PSEUDOELASTIC SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY WIRES

Abstract This paper examines the effectiveness of pseudoelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) wires for passive damping of flexural vibrations of a clamped–free beam with a tip mass. A finite-element model of the system is developed and validated with experimental results. The SMA behavior is modelled using amplitude-dependent complex modulus. Numerical simulations indicate that the damping introduced by the SMA wires will increase for higher excitation-force amplitudes that produce higher strain levels in the SMA wires. Increasing the wire cross-section area provides more damping at low force-excitation amplitudes, but reduced damping at higher amplitudes. The angle between the beam and the SMA wires is an influential parameter, and a value in the 10–20° range was found to introduce maximum damping. The underlying physical mechanisms are examined in detail. System damping depends only mildly on the SMA wire length, and is unaffected by the tip mass.
The foundations of inequality within a simulated Shan community

Abstract A computer simulation based on household economic data from a Shan peasant community is constructed to examine the interrelationships among subsistence farming, demographic developmental cycles, and household decision making. The results include the identification of marked asymmetries between households that occasionally surface within the simulated community over time. These simulated patterns provide the basis for inferring that social inequality can emerge over time within subsistence economies under similar social conditions.
Charge structure of multiparticle final states in p p collisions at 102 and 400 GeV/ c

We investigate the distribution of charge in events produced by pp collisions at 102 and 400 GeV/c. The data are from exposures of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory 30-in. bubble chamber. A comparison of the energy dependence of the data with Monte Carlo simulations of random charge distributions provides support for the hypothesis of local compensation of charge. Results on charge transfer are in qualitative agreement with predictions of an independent neutral-cluster emission model. (AIP)
Monolithic thermal ink-jet print head combining anisotropic etching and electroplating

The paper proposed a high resolution single-chip monolithic inkjet printhead by combination glowing of nozzle plate on the silicon substrate and anisotropic etching. Ink channels are defined by a sacrificed layer and etched through a mesh network by anisotropic etching. Silicon based channels are strong enough to against the attack of ink solution. Surface planarization is achieved by using PECVD deposited low stress dielectric film on top of the channels to seal mesh cavities. The heater elements are buried in a thin- sandwiched membrane and face down like a back shooter. Ink slot is formed by etching the substrate from the backside and channel is then connected with ink slot. Electrical forming nozzle plate will be done later. In this structure, no more another ink channel material is necessary since it is formed on Si substrate. By direct forming nozzle plate on chip, alignment for bonding nozzle plate and chip could be avoided to cost down.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine in healthy adult participants: a meta-analysis

Objective Betaine supplementation has been shown to be an effective agent for decreasing plasma homocysteine in healthy adults. Studies in healthy volunteers show that 6 g/d of betaine lowers plasma homocysteine concentrations by 5% to 20%. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials that used daily betaine supplementation to identify the range in betaine's effects on lowering homocysteine.
The metabolic balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy in the western Arctic Ocean

Abstract The goal of this study was to explore how net community production (NCP) is influenced by the relationship between primary production and community respiration in the western Arctic Ocean. Plankton NCP and respiration were determined by measuring changes in oxygen in light and dark bottle incubations, respectively. Rates of NCP averaged over shelf, slope and basin waters were positive in summer 2002 (57±191 mmol O 2 m −2 d −1 ) and spring 2004 (85±86 mmol O 2 m −2 d −1 ) and negative in summer 2004 (−25±176 mmol O 2 m −2 d −1 ). Determinations of NCP obtained from bottle incubations were similar to rates inferred from in situ changes in dissolved inorganic carbon. An examination of the spatial variability of primary production and community respiration indicated that respiration is distributed more uniformly than primary production. A spatial offset between photosynthesis and respiration from the shelf to the Arctic basin was present in spring 2004, but was not seen at other times. NCP and the potential for export appear to be dependent on an uncoupling of primary production and community respiration. NCP continued into the summer after the stock of NO 3 − had been depleted. Our data suggest that the uniform distribution of respiration relative to primary production is an important factor influencing NCP and the potential for export in the western Arctic.
Respiratory effort energy estimation using Doppler radar

Human respiratory effort can be harvested to power wearable biosensors and mobile electronic devices. The very first step toward designing a harvester is to estimate available energy and power. This paper describes an estimation of the available power and energy due to the movements of the torso during breathing, using Doppler radar by detecting breathing rate, torso displacement, torso movement velocity and acceleration along the sagittal movement of the torso. The accuracy of the detected variables is verified by two reference methods. The experimental result obtained from a healthy female human subject shows that the available power from circumferential movement can be higher than the power from the sagittal movement.
PROPERTIES OF THE [15]-DIMENSIONAL SU(4) SUPERMULTIPLETS OF NEGATIVE-PARITY EXCITATIONS OF $sup 16$O USING REALISTIC NUCLEAR FORCES.

Using particle-hole theory in the Tamm-Dancoff approximation and Wigner's $\mathrm{SU}(4)$ supermultiplet theory, we determine the negative-parity excited states of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ in terms of [15]-dimensional supermultiplets. Only the supermultiplets with total $L=1$ are studied in detail, since they are the ones of importance with regard to the giant dipole resonance and to muon capture and electron scattering. Working in terms of nonmixing supermultiplets, we find that each supermultiplet can be theoretically explained in terms of five parameters, while there are eight pieces of experimental data regarding each supermultiplet. Thus, our theory is overdetermined, and we can eliminate the parameters to obtain empirical sum rules, which can then be used to predict unobserved levels or to check the consistency of our calculation, independent of the radial dependence of the nuclear force. Since there are two $L=1$ supermultiplets, we also determine the mixing between them. Even after mixing, we obtain a sum rule for the $T=0$ states. We then use the realistic nuclear potentials of Tabakin and Brueckner, Gammel and Thaler to calculate the $L=1$ spectrum, so that we can compare it with the experimental spectrum and our sum-rule predictions. Theoretically, we find that some of the parameters are small enough to be neglected with respect to the other parameters and that there is very little mixing between the two $L=1$ supermultiplets. Both of these results allow us to obtain approximate sum rules. We get a total of five sum rules, of which four can be used for making empirical predictions of so-far unobserved experimental quantities. We also calculate the squared matrix elements for muon capture to our theoretically determined $T=1$ levels and obtain results similar to previous calculations.
The Effects of Different Specifications on the Tolerance-Maps for an Angled Face

A new mathematical model for representing geometric tolerances is applied to a part with an angled face and is extended to show its sensitivity to different specifications for dimensioning and tolerancing the part. The model is compatible with the ASME/ISO Standards for geometric tolerances. Central to the new model is a Tolerance-Map® , a hypothetical volume of points that corresponds to all possible locations and variations of a segment of a plane which can arise from tolerances on size, position, form, and orientation. Every Tolerance-Map is a convex set. This model is one part of a bi-level model that we are developing for geometric tolerances. The new model makes stackup relations apparent in an assembly, and these can be used to allocate size and orientational tolerances; the same relations also can be used to identify sensitivities for these tolerances. All stackup relations can be met for 100% interchangeability or for a specified probability. This paper develops several Tolerance-Maps for a part with an angled end face for different tolerance specifications. These specifications are linear size, angularity, angular size, “linear size & angularity” and “linear & angular size” tolerance. Comparison of Tolerance-Maps for their content for these specifications led to the following conclusions: a) only angular size tolerance is not sufficient for tolerancing an angled face; b) if the value of tolerance remains the same, the allowable variation is more in a part having only an angularity tolerance than in one having only a size tolerance.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Relaxation time measurements in frequency and time-domain photoacoustic spectroscopy of condensed phases

The use of the photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) technique to measure nonradiative lifetimes in either the frequency or time-domain mode is discussed. Expressions are presented for the dependence of the cell pressure upon the lifetime, and the modifications introduced by the microphone transfer function are discussed. It is shown that in both measurement modes thermally and optically thick specimens are preferred. Other sample types have contributions to the measured phase or time delay arising from the optical absorption depth and sample cell parameters. The model presented suggests that the PAS technique is suitable for the measurement of lifetimes in the range between 10−5 and 10−1 s, with the limits arising from the microphone transfer function, the finite sound velocity, and thermal transport velocity in the transducer gas.
Extension of derivations

Abstract In this paper, we give interpretations of the Jacobian condition (invertibility of the Jacobian matrix) in terms of derivations. Using these and a theorem of Vasconcelos, we are able to give a rigorous proof of a theorem in the folklore of the Jacobian problem (Theorem 8). As a result, the Jacobian problem can be reformulated in numerous ways [9, Theorem 46] and generalized [9, Generalized Jacobian Problem 48].
Preparing Site Supervisors of Counselor Education Students.

Counselor educators maintain a responsibility for providing site supervisors with professional development opportunities (Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. 2009). The goal of this study was to evaluate a model for providing preparation to site supervisors. Significant differences were observed from pretest to posttest on the Supervisory Self-Efficacy Scale (Johnson & Stewart, 2008).
Insecticidal effects of an insect-specific neurotoxin expressed by a recombinant baculovirus

The scorpion Androctonus australis has a peptide (AaIT) which selectively targets the insect sodium channel. This mode of action is similar to that of many widely used chemical insecticides. When Bombyx mori larvae were infected with a recombinant baculovirus carrying a synthetic AaIT gene, the expressed protein was secreted into the hemolymph and caused symptoms consistent with sodium channel blocking, including tremors and feeding cessation at 40 hr p.i. followed by paralysis and death by 60 hr p.i. Larvae infected with control virus died by 96 hr p.i. These results indicate that foreign genes can be used in recombinant baculoviruses to reduce insect feeding damage and increase the rate of insect kill.
Moving Beyond Readability: Considering Choice, Motivation and Learner Engagement

As reading professionals and former middle school teachers, we believe it is essential for teachers to select books thoughtfully, understand the relationship between book selection and student motivation and engagement, and realize the importance of classroom instruction during the reading of literature. Teachers strive to help middle school students be strategic, independent readers. They want their students to successfully read and comprehend a text, think critically about its content, and discuss their thoughts with others. Unfortunately, the current educational climate makes these lofty goals. Often, more assignments are equated to accountability and rigor. We make the argument that in order for students to want to read and comprehend a text, think critically, and be willing to discuss their thoughts, teachers must consider the texts selected, the attributes of motivation, and the kinds of instructional opportunities afforded to students.
Purification and characterization of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from the wing-polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus, and assessment of causes of morph-differences in enzyme activity

Considerable information exists on the physiological correlates of life history adaptation, while molecular data on this topic are rapidly accumulating. However, much less is known about the enzymological basis of life history adaptation in outbred populations. In the present study, we compared developmental profiles of fat body specific activity, kinetic constants of homogeneously purified and unpurified enzyme, and fat body enzyme concentration of the pentose-shunt enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH, E.C.1.1.1.44) between the dispersing [long-winged, LW(f)] and flightless [short-winged, SW] genotypes of the cricket Gryllus firmus. Neither kcat nor the Michaelis constant for 6-phosphogluconate differed between 6PGDH from LW(f) versus SW morphs for either homogeneously purified or unpurified enzyme. Purified enzyme from the LW(f) morph exhibited reduced KM for NADP(+), but this was not observed for multiple KM(NADP+) estimates for unpurified enzyme. A polyclonal antibody was generated against 6PGDH which was used to develop a chemiluminescence assay to quantify 6PGDH concentration in fat body homogenates. Elevated enzyme concentration accounted for all of the elevated 6PGDH specific activity in the LW(f) morph during the juvenile and adult stages. Finally, activity of another pentose-shunt enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, strongly covaried with 6PGDH activity suggesting that variation in 6PGDH activity gives rise to variation in pentose shunt flux. This is one of the first life-history studies and one of the few studies of intraspecific enzyme adaptation to identify the relative importance of evolutionary change in enzyme concentration vs. kinetic constants to adaptive variation in enzyme activity in an outbred population.
Leukokinin-H generated from human ascites fluid; its isolation and pharmacology

Leukokinin-H, a pharmacologically active peptide, has been isolated from human ascites fluid following its generation in vitro at acid pH. The peptide has a molecular weight of approximately 2500. The partial sequence of Leu-Ala-Tyr-Thr — was obtained from the amino-terminal end. Arginine is the terminal amino acid at the carboxyl end. It was demonstrated that while cell-free ascites fluid generates leukokinin-H, the presence of neoplastic cells enhances the formation about 5 fold. A bradykinin-like peptide was formed in the fluid following storage at a low temperature of 4°C. The presence of neoplastic cells, however, did not enhance this peptide formation. Procedures are described for the isolation of leukokinin-H by chromatography. The peptide was clearly differentiated from bradykinin, Lys-bradykinin and Met-Lys-bradykinin by treatment of the leukokinin and other kinins with fluorescamine and separation of the fluorescamine peptides by gel electrophoresis. The pharmacology of leukokinin-H isolated from human ascites fluid is described and compared with bradykinin and leukokinins PMN and M. Like the other kinins, it is a potent agent in causing vascular permeability. Likewise it is a vasodepressor substance. Unlike bradykinin it has little spasmogenic activity on the guinea pig ileum. Its pharmacological properties as well as other evidence cited indicates that it may play an important role as a permeability factor in ascites fluid accumulation of neoplastic etiology.
DNA Encapsulation of Ten Silver Atoms Produces a Bright, Modulatable, Near Infrared-Emitting Cluster.

Photostability, inherent fluorescence brightness, and optical modulation of fluorescence are key attributes distinguishing silver nanoclusters as fluorophores. DNA plays a central role both by protecting the clusters in aqueous environments and by directing their formation. Herein, we characterize a new near-infrared-emitting cluster with excitation and emission maxima at 750 and 810 nm, respectively, that is stabilized within C3AC3AC3TC3A. Following chromatographic resolution of the near-infrared species, a stoichiometry of 10 Ag/oligonucleotide was determined. Combined with excellent photostability, the cluster’s 30% fluorescence quantum yield and 180 000 M−1 cm−1 extinction coefficient give it a fluorescence brightness that significantly improves on that of the organic dye Cy7. Fluorescence correlation analysis shows an optically accessible dark state that can be directly depopulated with longer wavelength coillumination. The coupled increase in total fluorescence demonstrates that enhanced sensitivity...
The Components of Great Sex: Sexuality Education for People Who Desire to Scale the Heights of Optimal Sexuality.

Ubiquitous “sex tips” in popular media evidence an unquenchable public interest in learning how to experience “great sex,” and studies confirm that a great sexual relationship correlates to general relationship satisfaction, which in turn correlates to overall happiness. However, sexologists have paid scant attention to “optimal sexuality” and have focused instead on sexual dysfunction. While studies of optimal sexuality are few, we know enough to conclude that the paths to great sex depicted in popular media are largely dead ends. This article provides a framework for giving professional guidance to seekers of optimal sexuality.
Aggression in male and female mice: evidence for changed neural sensitivity in response to neonatal but not adult androgen exposure.

Abstract Male mice were gonadectomized on Day 0, 2, 4, or 6 of life and were administered 300 μg testosterone propionate (TP) or oil daily beginning on Day 60. Over 90% of the TP-treated animals in each of the 4 groups exhibited aggressive behavior toward an olfactory bulbectomized male. Animals administered oil did not display fighting behavior. The day of gonadectomy, although not influencing the number of TP-treated animals that fought, did affect the time taken to display aggression in response to TP replacement. Mice gonadectomized on Day 0 required a longer exposure to TP than did animals gonadectomized on Day 2 in order to induce fighting. Similarly, mice gonadectomized on Day 2 required longer exposure to TP than did mice gonadectomized on either Day 4 or 6. There were no differences between mice gonadectomized on Day 4 and 6. In a second experiment, female mice, gonadectomized on Day 60, were given daily injections of either 500 μg TP or oil. Twenty-eight of 30 TP-treated mice fought whereas 2 of 30 Oil-treated mice fought. After a 60 day interval, the animals originally administered TP were re-administered the hormone and again tested for aggression. No differences were found between the amount of TP treatment required to initially induce aggressive behavior and the amount necessary to reestablish the behavior. Mice administered oil initially and then TP required the same amount of hormone treatment to induce aggression as did those animals given two TP treatments.
Public speaking training programs in American business and industrial organizations

(1969). Public speaking training programs in American business and industrial organizations. The Speech Teacher: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 129-134.
Ultrahigh Resolution Structure of a Class A β-Lactamase: On the Mechanism and Specificity of the Extended-spectrum SHV-2 Enzyme

Bacterial beta-lactamases hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins. The TEM-type class A beta-lactamase SHV-2 is a natural variant that exhibits activity against third-generation cephalosporins normally resistant to hydrolysis by class A enzymes. SHV-2 contains a single Gly238Ser change relative to the wild-type enzyme SHV-1. Crystallographic refinement of a model including hydrogen atoms gave R and R(free) of 12.4% and 15.0% for data to 0.91 A resolution. The hydrogen atom on the O(gamma) atom of the reactive Ser70 is clearly seen for the first time, bridging to the water molecule activated by Glu166. Though hydrogen atoms on the nearby Lys73 are not seen, this observation of the Ser70 hydrogen atom and the hydrogen bonding pattern around Lys73 indicate that Lys73 is protonated. These findings support a role for the Glu166-water couple, rather than Lys73, as the general base in the deprotonation of Ser70 in the acylation process of class A beta-lactamases. Overlay of SHV-2 with SHV-1 shows a significant 1-3 A displacement in the 238-242 beta-strand-turn segment, making the beta-lactam binding site more open to newer cephalosporins with large C7 substituents and thereby expanding the substrate spectrum of the variant enzyme. The OH group of the buried Ser238 side-chain hydrogen bonds to the main-chain CO of Asn170 on the Omega loop, that is unaltered in position relative to SHV-1. This structural role for Ser238 in protein-protein binding makes less likely its hydrogen bonding to oximino cephalosporins such as cefotaxime or ceftazidime.
Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Cervix Uteri in Non-Human Primates*

The uterine cervix of rhesus macaque, crab-eating macaque, stump-tailed macaque, pig-tailed macaque, marmoset, baboon, patas, and squirrel monkeys was studied macroscopically and microscopically. Distribution of spermatozoa and leukocytes in the lumen and within the crypts and clefts was studied in rhesus and marmoset uterine cervix. The cervical canal of baboon, patas, marmoset, and stump-tailed monkeys is straight or slightly bent. The presence of variably developed ventral and dorsal colliculi in rhesus, crab-eating, and pig-tailed macaques causes the dorsoventral sinuosity of the cervical canal. The cervix of all investigated specimens is fundamentally fibrous tissue and the amount of muscle fibers increases toward the uterine corpus. The cervical mucosa of baboon, marmoset, and patas monkeys contains a large amount of clefts and tubular tunnels of variable structure, length, width, direction, and degree of branching. The cervical mucosa of macaques contains a large number of crypts of complex structure, length, width and degree of branching. The cervical crypts in macaques are usually longer in the ectocervix; whereas, in the midcervix, mucosa contains small crypts, clefts and long tunnels. Squamo-columnar junction is located near the external os in baboon, patas, marmoset, rhesus, crab-eating, and pig-tailed monkeys. In squirrel monkey, squamous epithelium is continuous through the external os, covers the vestibule and external surface of the cervical colliculi. In stump-tailed macaque, squamo columnar junction is located in the vagina, 1–3 cm from the external os of the cervix. The vaginal wall between the squamo-columnar junction and the external os of the cervix is covered with heavily branched mucosa lined with columnar epithelium. Ciliated cells of cervical epithelium occur in 9 to 19%. A large number of spermatozoa and a relatively low number of leucocytes have been found within crypts and clefts of cervical mucosa. The results are discussed in relation to the function of the cervix in different stages of the cycle, during pregnancy and parturition.
Comparative value of maximal treadmill testing, exercise thallium myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and exercise radionuclide ventriculography for distinguishing high- and low-risk patients soon after acute myocardial infarction☆

Abstract The prognostic value of symptom-limited treadmill exercise electrocardiography, exercise thallium myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography was compared in 117 men, aged 54 ± 9 years, tested 3 weeks after a clinically uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (MI). During a mean follow-up period of 11.6 months, 8 men experienced “hard” medical events (cardiac death, nonfatal ventricular fibrillation or recurrent MI) and 14 were hospitalized for unstable angina pectoris, congestive heart failure or coronary bypass surgery (total of 22 combined events). By multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards model), peak treadmill work load and the change in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) during exercise were significant (p
Processing of nonconventional DNA strand break ends

Single-strand breaks (SSBs) are one of the most common forms of genetic damage, arising from attack of DNA by reactive oxygen species or as intended or inadvertent products of normal cellular DNA metabolic events. Recent evidence linking defects in the enzymatic processing of nonconventional DNA SSBs, i.e., lesions incompatible with polymerase or ligase reactions, with inherited neurodegenerative disorders, reveals the importance of SSB repair in disease manifestation. I review herein the major eukaryotic enzymes (with an emphasis on the human proteins) responsible for the "clean-up" of DNA breaks harboring 3'- or 5'-blocking termini, and the cellular and disease ramifications of unrepaired SSB damage.
Comprehensive Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Methods for the Separation and Identification of Intact Glucosinolates

Much effort has been devoted to developing methods for the efficient isolation and identification of glucosinolates. Existing methods for separation involve ion exchange, GLC, and HPLC (mostly after chemical modification by enzymatic sulfate removal and/or silylation). We demonstrate a simple and direct strategy for analyzing the glucosinolate content of plant extracts, made possible by a new combination of widely available techniques: (a) reverse-phase paired-ion chromatography (PIC) of plant extracts, (b) hydrolysis of glucosinolates by myrosinase and quantitation of resulting isothiocyanates by cyclocondensation with 1,2-benzenedithiol; (c) a novel method for replacing the PIC counterions by ammonium ions, permitting direct bioassay, mass, and1H NMR spectrometry; (d) mass spectrometric analysis of ammonium salts by negative-ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) to determinem/zof the [M − H]−ion, and by chemical ionization (CI) in ammonia to obtain accurate masses of characteristic fragment ions, principally [R—CN:NH4]+, [R—CH=NOH:H]+and [R—CH=NOH:NH4]+; and (e) high-resolution1H NMR spectroscopy of intact glucosinolates. FAB and CI mass spectra, as well as high-resolution1H NMR spectra were obtained for a variety of glucosinolate standards. The results provide guidance for the isolation and characterization of unknown glucosinolates from plants. These combined procedures were applied to a sample of broccoli (cultivar SAGA), in order to resolve and identify its major glucosinolates: 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) and 4-methylthiobutyl glucosinolate (glucoerucin). Thus, this analytical strategy provides a powerful technique for identifying and quantitating glucosinolates in plant extracts without resorting to derivatization.
Arginase enzymes in isolated airways from normal and nitric oxide synthase 2-knockout mice exposed to ovalbumin.

Abstract Arginase has been suggested to compete with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for their common substrate, l -arginine. To study the mechanisms underlying this interaction, we compared arginase expression in isolated airways and the consequences of inhibiting arginase activity in vivo with NO production, lung inflammation, and lung function in both C57BL/6 and NOS2 knockout mice undergoing ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation, a mouse model of asthma. Arginases I and II were measured by western blot in isolated airways from sensitized C57BL/6 mice exposed to ovalbumin aerosol. Physiological and biochemical responses – inflammation, lung compliance, airway hyperreactivity, exhaled NO concentration, arginine concentration – were compared with the responses of NOS2 knockout mice. NOS2 knockout mice had increased total cells in lung lavage, decreased lung compliance, and increased airway hyperreactivity. Both arginase I and arginase II were constitutively expressed in the airways of normal C57BL/6 mice. Arginase I was up-regulated approximately 8-fold in the airways of C57BL/6 mice exposed to ovalbumin. Expression of both arginase isoforms were significantly upregulated in NOS2 knockout mice exposed to ovalbumin, with about 40- and 4-fold increases in arginases I and II, respectively. Arginine concentration in isolated airways was not significantly different in any of the groups studied. Inhibition of arginase by systemic treatment of C57BL/6 mice with a competitive inhibitor, Nω-hydroxy-nor- l -arginine (nor-NOHA), significantly decreased the lung inflammatory response to ovalbumin in these animals. We conclude that NOS2 knockout mice are more sensitive to ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and its sequelae than are C57BL/6 mice, as determined by increased total cells in lung lavage, decreased lung compliance, and increased airway hyperreactivity, and that these findings are strongly correlated with increased expression of both arginase isoforms in the airways of the NOS2 knockout mice exposed to ovalbumin.
Lack of effect of 4-aminopyridine on acute resetting of the type I carotid baroreceptor.

Abstract Acute resetting of the type I carotid baroreceptor was examined before and after exposure to 10 −4 M 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a blocker of the transient K + A current ( I A ), using a vascularly isolated carotid sinus preparation in thiopental anesthetized dogs. Type I baroreceptor firing patterns were analysed to determine threshold pressure ( P th ) at different conditioning pressures. Additionally, the ability of 10 −4 M 4-AP to induce vasoconstriction in canine carotid sinus, internal carotid and common carotid artery vascular ring segments was tested as a possible contributing mechanism to resetting. Our findings demonstrated that 10 −4 M 4-AP did not alter acute baroreceptor resetting or induce carotid artery vasoconstriction.
Reactive coupling of fibers to engineering thermoplastics

Abstract In order both to protect fibers from mechanical damage during processing and to promote fiber-matrix adhesion between constituents in a fiber reinforced plastic, coupling agents are employed to chemically bond the reinforcing fibers to the polymeric matrix. In fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, the like-lihood of covalent bonding is remote and it becomes necessary to rely on modification of interfacial tension to promote compatibility. The lack of covalent bonding, however, invites loss of long-term durability upon exposure to hostile environments. In this work, two examples of tailoring interfaces to create conditions for reactive coupling through covalent bonding between fiber reinforcement and thermoplastic matrices are described. In one case, oligomers of polysulfone and polycarbonate are grafted to E-glass fibers to promote chemical bonding to the corresponding thermoplastic. In a second example, a partially stable thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer is used as a compatibilizing agent between a highly aromatic fiber and a thermoplastic matrix.
Cultivation of Haploid Plants from Tobacco Pollen

IF sterile immature anthers of Nicotiana tabacum (2n = 48) are cultured in an appropriate nutrient medium, the pollen may develop into plantlets with the haploid number of chromosomes1,2. When the plantlets have developed an adequate root system in the culture medium, they can be transferred to soil and grown to maturity. Reports differ, however, about the developmental stage at which the anthers must be cultured to ensure success. Plantlets were thought1 to be formed only if the pollen is initially in the tetrad condition; but many plantlets have been obtained2 using older anthers which undoubtedly contained separate pollen grains. We have attempted to resolve this difference, and to determine precisely the point at which transition to plantlet formation takes place. At the same time, we have studied the early divisions within the pollen at this transitional point. We now give a brief account of our findings.
O(1S → 1D,3P) branching ratio as measured in the terrestrial nightglow

[1] The branching ratio of the two optically forbidden atmospheric emission lines, O(1S − 1D) at 557.7 nm and O(1S − 3P) at 297.2 nm, is a fixed number in the upper atmosphere because the O(1S) level is common to both lines. The value for the ratio A(557.7)/A(297.2) currently recommended by NIST is 16.7, and the ratio found in the laboratory is somewhat larger. Field observations require space-based instruments, in which case calibration between the two wavelength regions is the critical issue. We circumvent this problem by using the O2(A-X) Herzberg I emission system as a bridge between the UV region below 310 nm and the ground-accessible region above that wavelength. These two spectral regions can be separately calibrated in terms of intensity, and the results of a disparate set of observations (satellite, rocket, ground-based sky spectra) lead to a quite consistent value of 9.8 ± 1.0 for A(557.7)/A(297.2). This conclusion has consequences for auroral and dayglow processes and for spectral calibration. It is particularly important to ascertain the cause of the substantial difference between this value and those from theory.
Reductive polymerization of Para-cyanobenzaldehyde in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions using the rotating ring-disk electrode technique

Abstract The rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) technique has been employed to study the reductive polymerization mechanism of para -cyanobenzaldehyde (CBA) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. The radical anion of CBA underwent polymerization through two different reaction routes. They were found to be the successive parent molecule addition to the radical anion reactions and the dimerization of the radical anion followed by parent molecule additions. Digital simulation methods were employed to simulate the mechanism and to obtain the second-order reaction rate constants of the radical anions from collection efficiency measurements. The reaction rate constants were found to be 1.45 M −1 s −1 for reactions of the radical anion with the parent molecules, and 28.6 M −1 s −1 for dimerization of the radical anion followed by trapping a parent molecule immediately after the dimeric dianion is generated.
Transient creep in orthosilicates

Abstract An analysis of garnet, olivine, and ultramafic aggregate deformation data is performed using a Burgers body rheology such that transient elasticities and viscosities can be obtained. Our results are indicative of transient shear moduli with magnitudes of about one tenth the isostatic shear moduli, and transient viscosities of magnitudes 0.5–0.7 of the steady state viscosities. These values differ significantly from those chosen by previous workers for Burgers body parameters pertinent to transient creep in the lower mantle. Transient viscosity appears to have the same temperature dependence as the steady state viscosity, which requires that the transient elastic modulus becomes rapidly weaker with increasing temperature. Hydrolytic weakening also seems to be accompanied by a weaker transient elastic modulus, implying a longer relaxation period of the transient strains in water-weakened experiments. A discrepancy between previously reported transient behavior in dunite and the data analyzed here can be attributed to errors in the dunite experimental data.