cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constraining the propagation speed of gravitational waves with compact binaries at cosmological distances

When testing gravity in a model-independent way, one of the crucial tests is measuring the propagation speed of a gravitational wave (GW). In general relativity, a GW propagates with the speed of light, while in the alternative theories of gravity, the propagation speed could deviate from the speed of light due to the modification of gravity or spacetime structure at a quantum level. Previously, we proposed a method to measure the GW speed by directly comparing the arrival times between a GW and a photon from the binary merger of neutron stars or a neutron star and black hole, assuming that it is associated with a short gamma-ray burst. The sensitivity is limited by the intrinsic time delay between a GW and a photon at the source. In this paper, we extend the method to distinguish the intrinsic time delay from the true signal caused by anomalous GW speed with multiple events at cosmological distances, considering the redshift distribution of GW sources, redshift-dependent GW propagation speed, and the statistics of intrinsic time delays. We show that an advanced GW detector such as the Einstein Telescope will be able to robustly constrain the GW propagation speed at a precision of ∼10^(−16). We also discuss the optimal statistic to measure the GW speed by performing numerical simulations.
Are Childhood Misbehavior and Physical Illness Factors in the Development of Self-Defeating Personality

49 undergraduate men and 45 women took Schill's 1990 Self-defeating Personality Scale and answered questions about their physical health and misbehavior as children and the amount of attention such behavior elicited from their parents. No support was found for the idea that individuals who currently score more self-defeating had been more likely to engage in such behavior or had been able to gain attention thereby. In fact, these people reported getting less rather than more attention from parents when they were physically ill. Results were discussed as consistent with prior findings wherein self-defeating individuals have described their parents as being nonsupportive, inconsistent, and rejecting.
Current concepts in parenteral nutrition.

Surgical stress causes specific physiologic and biochemical alterations. Hypothalamic-pituitary stimulation leads to increased production of antidiuretic hormone, thyrotropin and adrenocorticotropin, affecting water balance, catabolism, renal reabsorption of sodium, and excretion of potassium. Gastrointestinal fluid loss in 24 hours may be more than twice the plasma volume. In addition to water, calories must be provided to meet the energy requirements of body metabolism and prevent excessive catabolism. Potassium loss must be replaced when parenteral feedings are the sole source of nutrition. An intravenous fat emulsion is available which provides a high caloric intake in a relatively small amount of fluid.
Sacral-Alar-Iliac Fixation in Pediatric Deformity: Radiographic Outcomes and Complications.

Abstract Study Design Retrospective case series. Objectives To assess the radiographic outcomes and complications of sacral-alar-iliac (SAI) fixation in children. Summary of Background Data Pelvic fixation in children undergoing spinal deformity surgery can be challenging because of complex anatomy, compound biomechanical forces at the lumbosacral junction, and poor bone quality. Methods Radiographic and clinical records of 80 consecutive patients aged 18 years or younger who underwent posterior spinal fusion surgery with SAI fixation by one pediatric orthopedic surgeon and who had a minimum 2 years of follow-up (mean follow-up: 3.5 years, range, 2–7 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Changes in coronal curve magnitude and pelvic obliquity were assessed using Student t tests. Significance was set at a p value less than .05 for all analyses. Results Pelvic obliquity correction averaged 77%, from 26 ± 13 degrees before surgery to 6 ± 4 degrees at final follow-up (p Conclusions SAI fixation provided a low-profile alternative to iliac screws for the correction of pelvic obliquity. The largest possible diameter screws are recommended, ideally >8 mm. Level of Evidence Level 4.
Laser and Plasma Desorption: Matrices and Metastables in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Pulsed laser desorption and plasma desorption have in common the fact that they are used on solid samples (rather than liquid substrates as in fast atom bombardment) and that they are most appropriately used with the time-of-flight analyzers. In the course of our application of both of these techniques to several analytical problems, our attention has been focussed not only on the differences in the ionization processes, but also on the importance of sample preparation, the properties of the TOF analyzer, and the detection system. Most interestingly we find that as in FAB, the choice of chemical matrices for the sample can have a profound effect on the spectra, and that the two TOF analyzers used record metastable decompositions in very different ways.
Design of Component Frame of Military Space Vehicle

The paper analyses the advantage of building the space vehicle model by adopting component frame in order to resolve the problem in practice,and denotes the outer interface and structure of component frame of military vehicle model with UML(unified modeling language).At last it designs the main function and structure of the components in the frame.
Simplified Expressive Mobile Development with NexusUI, NexusUp, and NexusDrop.

Developing for mobile and multimodal platforms is more important now than ever, as smartphones and tablets proliferate and mobile device orchestras become commonplace. We detail NexusUI, a JavaScript framework that enables rapid prototyping and development of expressive multitouch electronic instrument interfaces within a browser. Extensions of this project assist in easily creating dynamic user interfaces. NexusUI contains several novel encapsulations of creative interface objects, each accessible with one line of code. NexusUp assists in one-button duplication of Max interfaces into mobile-friendly web pages that transmit to Max automatically via Open Sound Control [14]. NexusDrop enables drag-and-drop interface building and allows users to save and recall interfaces. Finally, we provide an overview of several projects made with NexusUI, including mobile instruments, art installations, sound diffusion tools, and iOS games, and describe Nexus’ possibilities as an architecture for our future Mobile App Orchestra.
Development and implementation of a comprehensive, criteria-based drug-use review program

A comprehensive drug-use review (DUR) program based on established criteria for use of each drug is described. The DUR program was developed to promote cost-effective drug therapy and satisfy Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals standards for drug-use evaluation. Antibiotic and ambulatory-care drug-use subcommittees composed of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and clinical laboratory personnel were formed as advisory groups to the pharmacy and therapeutics (PT when a drug is added to the formulary, the criteria for use are also adopted. The program has been successful in curtailing inappropriate drug use, reducing drug expenditures, and integrating P&T committee decisions into daily pharmacy practice. The implementation of this DUR program has enabled the P&T committee to conduct ongoing, systematic, criteria-based drug-use evaluations.
Bilirubin Measurements in Neonates

A number of conditions alter the normal metabolism of bilirubin in the neonate and can be monitored by measuring total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin. Methods of measurement and the clinical aspects of total and conjugated bilirubin in serum and of bilirubin in amniotic fluid are discussed.
The hopeless alcoholic between public health service and clinical care

In this article data and case reports of chronic multiple handicapped alcoholics are presented, compiled by the sociopsychiatric unit of the Department of Public Health at Augsburg. Problems in the care of this group in Augsburg as well as in other regions are described. The beginning of an evaluation of local requirements and conceptualizations are seen as first signs of improvement in the care for this group.
Understanding Identity, Discourse, and Language to Inform Research

Having collaborated on an article in 1996, Tom Peacock and I were requested to write up “bios” before publication. Though it wasn’t requested, he instinctively declared his Anishinabe heritage and his reservation home. I suggested that he put his Harvard doctorate and subsequent publications up front as that was the standard expected then in academic journals. He looked at me and said something like: “But my tribal identity is more important to me than the Harvard degree.” I sighed, thinking: “But then, who am I?” I ended up writing just what academia expected of me: degree, tenure home, and publications. By 2008, when I was again writing a bio for the same journal, it actually requested me to declare my tribal identity. With more understanding, I lauded the editor for giving that importance to tribal identity, but I was still in a quandary. The concept of bundles of identity had helped me personally resolve my “But who am I?” dilemma, but I had difficulty declaring Maine as the heartfelt landed part of my identity. There was irony in the fact that my beloved tidal cove had been used seasonally by Abenaki less than a century before I arrived. Declaring my English, Irish, Scotch, Dutch, German, and French ancestry might have been perceived as sarcasm to the Indigenous reader base. Again in 2008 I just wrote up the academic component of my bundle, without aspects of my identity that might have been important to the reader’s understanding of the text, what Lawrence-Lightfoot and Davis might call the “clarifying backdrop” (2002, p. 70).
A Preliminary Investigation of Postmortem Tooth Loss

Forensic anthropologists have found a seemingly increased frequency of dismemberment cases and subsequent scattering of the elements that mandates developing unconventional methods of estimating postmortem interval. The chronological sequence in postmortem tooth loss has been investigated as an indicator for estimation of time since death. The anterior dentitions of cadavera were observed to discern patterns in “drop time” based on age, periodontal health, seasonality and location of body placement. Individuals deposited in the summer months lost teeth much more rapidly than those deposited in the late fall or winter months. Similarly, individuals exposed to direct sunlight, a micro-environment where rapid decomposition has been noted, lost teeth before individuals in shaded locales. Since tooth loss is dependent on the deterioration of the soft tissues which bind the tooth into the alveolar bone, we found tooth loss to be correlated with general soft tissue decomposition rates as dictated by season and environment. When utilized as sole indicator, the patterns of postmortem tooth loss can not be used for estimating time since death. However, when used in conjunction with other indicators, tooth loss patterns may provide useful information for more accurate estimation of the postmortem interval.
Image stack surface area minimization for groupwise and multimodal affine registration

Considering the graph of a feature function as an embedded surface in three dimensions is a standard device in computer vision. When multiple feature functions (eg. multiple images) are available, the natural extension of the above concept is to a higher-dimensional embedded surface. This has received surprisingly little attention. In this paper, we advocate for this view by showing the utility of surface area for estimating spatial transformations between images for the purposes of registration. In contrast to the entropy of the stack of images (when represented as continuous and differentiable functions) being zero, the surface area turns out to be useful measure for image registration. We show that during the progression of standard registration algorithms like Congealing, the area of the stack of images being registered decreases. Our own algorithm for affine registration based on image stack surface area (ISSA) minimization has several advantages compared with Congealing and Mutual Information (MI) registration. Finally, we highlight the generality of our framework by also showcasing experiments on affine point-set registration.
Introduction to Food Justice and Governance

As Paul Thompson points out in this introduction, when discussing governance and justice there is a tendency to emphasize government and de-emphasize non-state governance structures, even though these structures have profound, daily impact on our lives in many different ways.
Impact of an Automated Multimodality Point-of-Order Decision Support Tool on Rates of Appropriate Testing and Clinical Decision Making for Individuals With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Objectives This study sought to evaluate the impact of a multimodality-appropriate use criteria decision support tool (AUC-DST) on rates of appropriate testing and clinical decision making. Background AUC have been developed to guide utilization of noninvasive imaging for individuals with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). The effect of a point-of-order AUC-DST on rates of appropriateness and clinical decision making has not been examined. Methods We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study evaluating physicians who ordered CAD imaging tests for consecutive patients insured by 1 large private payer. During an 8-month study period, each study site was granted exemption from prior authorization requirements by radiology benefits managers. An AUC-DST was employed to determine appropriateness ratings for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), stress echocardiography (STE), or coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA), as well as intended downstream testing and therapy. Results One hundred physicians used the AUC-DST for 472 patients (age 55.6 ± 9.6 years, 61% male, 52% prior known CAD) over 8 months for MPS (72%), STE (24%), and CCTA (5%). The AUC-DST required an average of 137 ± 360 s to determine the appropriateness category that, by American College of Cardiology AUC, was considered appropriate in 241 (51%), uncertain in 96 (20%), inappropriate in 85 (18%), and not addressed in 50 (11%). For tests ordered in the first 2 months compared with the last 2 months, appropriate tests increased from 49% to 61% (p = 0.02), whereas inappropriate tests decreased from 22% to 6% (p Conclusions A point-of-order AUC-DST enabled rapid determination of test appropriateness for CAD evaluation and was associated with increased and decreased testing for appropriate and inappropriate indications, respectively. These changes in test ordering were associated with greater intended changes in post-test medical therapy.
New lung functions and pregnancy

Abstract Newer lung function tests (e.g., flow-volume loops and closing volume), as well as standard pulmonary function tests, were performed on 19 healthy individuals in the third trimester and after delivery. We found that the flow characteristics, manifested in the FVL, and the CV remained unaltered during pregnancy. In regard to the standard pulmonary function tests, we found no statistically significant change expept for a decrease in the ERV and in the FRC during pregnancy.
Quantification of Paratrichodorus allius in DNA extracted from soil using TaqMan Probe and SYBR Green real-time PCR assays

The ectoparasitic stubby root nematode, Paratrichodorus allius , transmits tobacco rattle virus, which causes corky ringspot disease resulting in significant economic losses in the potato industry. A diagnostic method for direct quantification of P. allius from soil DNA using TaqMan probe and SYBR Green real-time PCR assays was developed to assist the potato industry in management of this important vector. Specificity of primers/probe designed from the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA of P. allius was demonstrated by in silico analysis and experimental PCR tests with no cross reactions using non-target nematode species and nematode communities. The SYBR Green method was more sensitive than the TaqMan probe method during detection using serial diluted DNA templates. Standard curves were generated from serial dilutions of DNA extracted from autoclaved soil with artificially inoculated P. allius individuals and were validated by high correlations between the numbers of target nematodes quantified by the assays and added to the soil. Moreover, the numbers of P. allius determined by the real-time PCR assays and estimated by the microscopic method in 17 field soil samples presented positive correlation relationships (R2=0.80 and 0.86). Although the quantification using TaqMan probe overestimated the target nematodes compared to using SYBR Green in eight out of ten field soil samples, results of the two methods correlated well (R2=0.92). This is the first report of P. allius quantification from soil DNA extracts using real-time PCR, providing a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method obviating time-consuming manual nematode extraction from soil and microscopic identification and quantification.
Melanoma risk prediction using a multilocus genetic risk score in the Women's Health Initiative cohort.

Background Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with melanoma have been identified though genome-wide association studies. However, the combined impact of these SNPs on melanoma development remains unclear, particularly in postmenopausal women who carry a lower melanoma risk. Objective We examine the contribution of a combined polygenic risk score on melanoma development in postmenopausal women. Methods Genetic risk scores were calculated using 21 genome-wide association study–significant SNPs. Their combined effect on melanoma development was evaluated in 19,102 postmenopausal white women in the clinical trial and observational study arms of the Women's Health Initiative dataset. Results Compared to the tertile of weighted genetic risk score with the lowest genetic risk, the women in the tertile with the highest genetic risk were 1.9 times more likely to develop melanoma (95% confidence interval 1.50-2.42). The incremental change in c-index from adding genetic risk scores to age were 0.075 (95% confidence interval 0.041-0.109) for incident melanoma. Limitations Limitations include a lack of information on nevi count, Fitzpatrick skin type, family history of melanoma, and potential reporting and selection bias in the Women's Health Initiative cohort. Conclusion Higher genetic risk is associated with increased melanoma prevalence and incidence in postmenopausal women, but current genetic information may have a limited role in risk prediction when phenotypic information is available.
Sleep Apnea Is a Risk Factor for Stroke and Vascular Dementia

In this article, we review the cerebrovascular complications of sleep apnea (SA). SA is the major sleep disorder associated with stroke and vascular dementia. Sleep apnea syndrome of moderate to severe intensity affects 17% of 50–70-year-old men and 9% of 50–70-year-old women, making SA a notorious and prevalent disorder. SA increases the risk of hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation (AF) and is closely linked to vascular dementia. In addition, SA may worsen the neurologic outcome in acute stroke patients and interferes with rehabilitation after stroke. Proper management of SA may decrease the clinical impact of stroke risk factors, improve neurologic outcome after stroke, and lessen the progression of subcortical ischemic vascular disease. In this article, we will cover the most salient pathologies that associate SA and cerebrovascular pathology.
De Branges-Rovnyak Operator Models and Systems Theory: A Survey

We arrive at the de Branges-Rovnyak space D(W) from the point of view of model theory, i. e., as the space associated with a canonical model for a general completely nonunitary contraction operator on a Hilbert space. Connections with systems theory make contact with the approach of Livsic and Brodskii, in particular, the role of the characteristic function as the transfer function of a unitary system. The connection between invariant subspaces and regular factorizations leads to the introduction of the overlapping spaces of de Branges-Rovnyak. This analysis applied to the particular factorization 0 = 0 · W · 0 leads to the derivation of the various geometric decompositions of the unitary dilation space for a contraction, the cornerstone of the model theory of Sz.-Nagy-Foias.
Stimulus Attributes of Drugs

According to Dollard and Miller (1950), all strong stimuli are drives, which are aversive. Their onset is punishing and their termination or reduction is reinforcing. The effects of psychoactive drugs constitute strong stimuli and therefore they may be expected to be punishing. The first major section of this chapter reviews several types of evidence for the punishing effects of the unconditioned drug stimulus. High doses are physiologically and behaviorally toxic. Repeated administrations give rise to the learned compensatory response of tolerance and to the physical dependence that is manifested by withdrawal illness. Laboratory animals may learn to avoid a conditioned stimulus associated with drug administration.
Efficient Non-Convex Graph Clustering for Big Data

Big data analysis is a fundamental research topic with extensive technical obstacles yet to be overcome. Graph clustering has shown promise in addressing big data challenges by categorizing otherwise unlabeled data-thus giving them meaning. In this paper, we propose a set of non-convex programs, generally referred to as Hard and Soft Clustering programs, that rely on matrix factorization formulations for enhanced computational performance. Based on such formulations, we devise clustering algorithms that allow for large data analysis in a more efficient manner than traditional convex clustering techniques. Numerical results confirm the usefulness of the proposed algorithms for clustering purposes and reveal their potential for usage in big data applications.
Student Participation in HFOSS: Challenges and Opportunities

With the advent of cloud computing, containers, devops and other emerging IT technologies, there are increased opportunities for student learning. Many of these new technologies have their roots in open source as many of the major tools are open source such as Git (version control), Ansible (configuration management), Docker (containerization), and Jenkins (automation server). In addition, most major IT companies have a strategy for utilizing free and open source software (FOSS). Indeed, FOSS has become an important segment of the technology industry. Humanitarian FOSS (HFOSS) has the additional attraction of somehow benefiting the human condition. Given the rising emphasis on FOSS, it is important that IT students graduate with some understanding of FOSS. This poster presents an overview of HFOSS, summarizes recent research into student learning in HFOSS and also provides an overview of instructor experiences in teaching HFOSS.
Food Inglorious Food: Food Safety, Food Libel and Free Speech

The movie Food, Inc. exposed issues about food production in the United States. In the movie, a mother whose child had died from food-borne illness explained that she could not criticize "Big Food" without risk of being sued. That risk stems from "food disparagement" legislation in 13 US states. The US adopted a new federal food safety law in 2011. This paper analyzes the impact of food disparagement statutes in the US. The paper discusses the new federal food safety law, in particular, how whistleblower protections in new federal food safety law affect the enforceability of state food disparagement laws.
Rethinking Anti-Corruption Reforms: The View from Ancient Athens

The ancient Athenian democracy was a model of economic and political development. This paper looks at Athens' various legal and institutional reforms for combating bribery. Unlike contemporary anti-corruption agendas, the Athenians treated anti-corruption reform as a process in democratization. Although it is impossible to measure the efficacy of their reforms, the historical record suggests that they were successful insofar as they fostered less disruptive patterns of corruption over time. To account for why this might have been the case, I examine one design feature essential to these reforms: the creation of a private right of action for "anyone who wanted" to prosecute a bribery suit. As I argue, this feature could have established a 'political' level of enforcement that eliminated the most disruptive patterns of corruption over time.
Cold War Archives and Democratic Aspirations in Latin America

Focusing on the struggle to re-open the archives of formerly repressive Cold War regimes in Latin America, this chapter critically analyzes how opening Cold War state security archives relates to the work of concretizing democratic aspirations in Latin America. The social struggles over winning access to the archives of formerly repressive regimes, Weld argues, can be as valuable to the work of liberation as the contents of the files themselves.
2.1 Bio-Inspired Silica Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and materials engineering are leading to revolutionary new biomedical technologies for diagnosing and treating disease. Effective integration of inorganic material components in these technologies is critical for interfacing biological function with available capabilities in optical and electronic analysis and materials synthesis. Silica is a valuable inorganic material for such integrated biomedical devices due to its general biocompatibility and its amenability to integration in composite structures. While the utility of anthropogenic silica for biomedicine has been demonstrated through a number of recent studies, the extent to which natural systems synthesize complex functional biosilica structures dramatically demonstrates a wealth of undeveloped potential for more effectively utilizing silica in nanomedicine. Here we review a number of studies that collectively illustrate how lessons learned from silica biomineralization can provide new bio-inspired strategies for synthesizing medically useful silica. After briefly discussing silica mineralization in sponges and diatoms, we describe several bio-inspired systems for silica synthesis under mild conditions. We then review studies demonstrating application of silica nanostructures in several biomedical areas, including medical imaging, biosensing, drug delivery, and tissue and implant engineering. We discuss how bio-inspired silica synthesis may be applied to advance capabilities in each of these applications and provide a prospectus on future opportunities for harnessing such bio-inspired approaches for medical technologies.
X-rays had little value in diagnosing children's abnormal skull shapes, and primary care clinicians should refer concerns to specialist teams.

Aim This study examined the consensus between the primary care radiological diagnosis and specialist clinical diagnosis of abnormal skull shapes in children. Methods We performed a retrospective review of children treated at the National Paediatric Craniofacial Centre at Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. Group 1 were referred by primary care colleagues concerned about suspected abnormal skull shapes from 1 January 2015 to 30 May 2017. These included cases where they sought specialist confirmation that the skull shape was normal. Group 2 underwent surgery for craniosynostosis from 1 January 2011 to 25 October 2017. The primary care skull X-ray reports were examined for both groups to see whether they matched the specialist diagnosis. Results Group 1 comprised 300 children, and 59 (20%) had pre-referral skull X-rays. The primary care X-ray reports and specialist diagnoses agreed in 44 (75%) cases, including 19 (43%) who had a normal skull shape. Group 2 comprised 274 children, and 63 (23%) had pre-referral skull X-rays. In this group, there was agreement in 41 (65%) diagnoses; however, the primary care X-ray reports did not diagnose craniosynostosis for the remaining 22 (35%) children. Conclusion X-rays were of little value in diagnosing abnormal skull shapes, especially craniosynostosis, and primary care clinicians should refer concerns to specialist teams.
Study of the Effect of Source Application on Sonic Echo Tests in Timber Piles

The long-term effects of scour have been identified as one of the primary reasons for bridge failure. To evaluate the performance of the bridges against scour, it is essential to assess the conditions of the bridge foundation including the depth of the piles. Sonic Echo (SE) has been a favorable nondestructive method to evaluate the condition of unknown bridge foundations in the recent decades. Previous studies have shown that the results obtained from SE tests can be affected by a variety of factors such as the pile-to-soil stiffness ratio, length-to-diameter ratio of the pile, presence of defects and anomalies near the pile head, striking method, and hammer type. Although previous studies have discussed such affecting factors, there is a lack of comprehensive investigation regarding the effect of striking method and hammer tip type specific to wood piles supporting bridge decks. In the current study, the effect of striking method and hammer type on the success of SE tests conducted on wood piles has been scrutinized by investigating various options of striking methods and hammer tip types. After comparing different options, superior ones were identified and recommendations for better conducting the SE tests on unknown wood bridge foundations were presented. Numerical simulations were also performed to support some of the conclusions.
Two Birds, One Survey: Experiential Learning by Students and Faculty Using a Marketing Research Module: An Abstract

Experiential learning environments and learning by doing are argued to be effective methods of instruction. Depending on their design, they can also be effective methods to instruct the instructors. This study describes a multi-part experiential learning exercise developed to be conducted across a semester in an introductory marketing research course for both student and faculty to learn by doing. Following the five general steps of the marketing research process, the exercise is designed to flexibly address both student and faculty learning objectives through the development, collection, and analysis of primary survey data on a topic purposefully selected as relevant to both parties. The version of the exercise described here focuses on the marketing curriculum and immerses students into a “real world” approach to marketing research for their own academic institution. Specifically, students evaluate their perceived current and future curriculum needs in their business school’s marketing department, while applying the research processes, techniques, and skills embedded in the learning objectives for the course. The approach is designed to capture students’ interest as they actively learn the research process while working on an authentic problem. Concurrently, faculty learn in real time from students about their preferred topics of study for curriculum planning and other areas that may need attention to improve student learning. These methods provide an opportunity for both marketing students and faculty alike to achieve their goals using a common classroom research survey module. Students not only collect and analyze the data, they actually take the survey so they understand firsthand the content, options, and types of questions. Because students create the information and work with it in each research phase, they know that their voice and findings will be used. They feel empowered and assume ownership of these important inputs to the curriculum. For faculty and the marketing area the approach is an efficient and effective experiential learning methodology and a quality improvement process, as well. It fosters student and organizational learning, inclusive of multi-year improvements that include new courses, minors, concentrations and the associated changes in outreach and informational materials.
Facts Aren’t Enough: Addressing Communication Challenges in the Pollinator Crisis and Beyond

The 2030 Agenda makes clear that not only does the world face challenges in sustainability, it faces challenges in communicating about them. For example, the media’s classic portrayal of biodiversity loss as an issue of endangered species often cultivates society members who feel overwhelmed and helpless instead of empowered.
Myocardial Infarct Scar: Hunting Down the Responsible Cells, But Then What?

Activated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) play a critical role in remodeling the heart following myocardial infarction (MI) but a clear consensus on the origin and biological properties of these dynamic cells remains elusive. In this issue of the Journal , Ruiz-Villalba et al. [(1)][1] endeavor to
Tetralogy of Fallot

Summary The characteristic clinical, roentgenological, and laboratory findings inthe tetralogy of Fallot type of congenital heart disease are discussed with particular reference to their occurrence in the patients studied at the University of Minnesota Hospital. Special attention is called to the use of the Milliken-Smaller oximeter for determining the arterial oxygen saturation with and without exercise both before and after operation for evaluation of the degree of circulatory improvement. The worth-whileness of using a standard exercise tolerance test as a method of determining the degree of work limitation both before and after operation is emphasized. Advantages of using Baird's pentothal-curare solution for anesthesia and increased doses of atropine sulfate preoperatively, as well as local application of an anesthetic to the vagus nerve at the time of operation, are mentioned briefly. Postoperative changes in the constituents of the blood and in the action of the heart are noted. The various postoperative complications and their relative incidences are listed and the over-all operative results in a series of forty-one cases are presented.
Theoretical Study of Collision-Induced Double Transitions in CO(2)-X(2) (X(2) = H(2), N(2), and O(2)) Pairs.

Abstract The double vibrational collision-induced absorptions CO 2 (ν 3 = 1) + X 2 (ν 1 = 1) ← CO 2 (ν 3 = 0) + X 2 (ν 1 = 0), for X 2 = H 2 , N 2 , and O 2 are studied on the basis of quantum lineshapes computed using isotropic potentials and dipole-induced dipole functions. The linestrengths and energies of the vibration–rotation transitions are treated explicitly for X 2 and utilizing the HITRAN database for CO 2 . From the frequency-dependent absorption profiles, the integrated absorption intensities are determined to be 7.2 ± 1.2, 1.2 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.2 (10 −4 cm −2 amagat −2 ) for the H 2 , N 2 , and O 2 collision partners, respectively. The integrated intensities for H 2 and N 2 agree well with previously measured and calculated results, while the value for O 2 , which represents the first theoretical determination for this absorption, is approximately four times greater than the only experimental measurement (0.29 × 10 −4 cm −2 amagat −2 ).
Ethics and Statistics: Ethics in Medical Trials: Where Does Statistics Fit In?

For this issue's column on ethics and statistics, I consider two examples of medical trials. The first is a clear case of an ethical violation described by bioethicist Carl Elliott. As a doctor, El...
An Introduction to the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale

QOL researchers have primarily focused their attention on adults. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the rationale, development, and psychometric properties of a multidimensional life satisfaction scale appropriate for children and youth, the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS: Huebner, 1994; Huebner et al., 1998). This multidimensional self-report scale was designed for use with students from third through the twelfth grades. The current version of the MSLSS includes 40 items intended to assess satisfaction with five specific domains (School, Self, Family, Friends, and Living Environment). The presentation will summarize a series of recent studies assessing its reliability, factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity. Additionally, the potential usefulness of children’s life satisfaction scales for research and clinical applications were discussed.
Instruction (Computer System)

This article has no abstract. Keywords: instruction (computer system); branch instruction
The “Nation-ing” of Gender? Donor Policies, Islam, and Women’s NGOs in Post-War Bosnia-Herzegovina

© 2003 Elissa Helms All Rights Reserved The copyright for individual articles in both the print and online version of the Anthropology of East Europe Review is retained by the individual authors. They reserve all rights other than those stated here. Please contact the managing editor for details on contacting these authors. Permission is granted for reproducing these articles for scholarly and classroom use as long as only the cost of reproduction is charged to the students. Commercial reproduction of these articles requires the permission of the authors. Feminist scholars have shown that national discourses are commonly gendered (e.g., Anthias and Yuval-Davis 1989; Gal 1994; McClintock 1993; Verdery 1994; Yuval-Davis 1997). But can gender discourses also be “nation-ed”? This paper demonstrates that such a dynamic takes place in the interplay between local women’s organizations and the western-dominated “international community” of donors and officials. Western donors are virtually the only sources of funding for the many nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that have sprung up in Bosnia-Herzegovina (hereafter Bosnia) since the end of the 1992-5 war. While these donors claim to promote a diverse and healthy civil society, in practice they focus much more narrowly on NGOs that promote interethnic cooperation and reconciliation (Belloni 2001; Smillie 1996; Stubbs 1995; and see Hann and Dunn 1996; Wedel 2001). This underlies their ultimate goal: the establishment of a stable, multi-ethnic Bosnian state which ethnic nationalists, especially Croats and Serbs, in various ways resist. In this way, international intervention policies in many ways reinforce the “communitarian” logic of ethnic categorization (Bougarel 1996) even as they seek to dismantle it (Gagnon 2002).
Characterization, similarity score and uniqueness associated with perspiration pattern

Vulnerabilities in biometric systems including spoofing has emerged as an important issue. The focus of this work is on characterization of ‘perspiration pattern' in a time-series of fingerprint images for liveness detection. By using information in the high pass bands of the images the similarity score for the two images is calculated to determine the uniqueness of the perspiration pattern. In this wavelet-based approach, the perspiration pattern is characterized by its energy distribution in the decomposed wavelet sub bands. We develop a similarity matching technique that is based on quantifying marginal distribution of the wavelet coefficients. The similarity match technique is based on Kullback-Leibler distance, which is used to decide ‘uniqueness' associated with the perspiration pattern. Experimental results show good separation resolution in similarity scores of inter (43 subjects) and intra (12 subjects over 5 months) class comparisons. This may be considered as a robust liveness test for biometric devices.
Approaches to improving retention being investigated by the SUCCEED Coalition

Summary form only given. The SUCCEED Engineering Education Coalition was established to effect curricular change that would significantly enhance the success of engineering students. Student retention data within the SUCCEED institutions indicated that effective transitioning of students into the university from high school community colleges or small colleges was critical to their success. A series of experiments are being conducted at these interfaces by the Coalition (e.g. student mentoring, pre-season programs, early exposure to engineering practice, developing effective learning skills). As an example, a high school-university transition program targeting minority students is being tested at 4 institutions. An overview of the approaches that SUCCEED is taking is presented and detailed results are given for selected projects. Since the conception of the SUCCEED Coalition, the African-American enrolment in SUCCEED institutions has increased by 45% and the number of degrees by more than 50%. The enrolment of women engineering students has increased by 12% with a corresponding 6% increase in the number of graduates.
State Estimation of International Space Station Centrifuge Rotor With Incomplete Knowledge of Disturbance Inputs

This thesis develops a state estimation algorithm for the Centrifuge Rotor (CR) system where only relative measurements are available with limited knowledge of both rotor imbalance disturbances and International Space Station (ISS) thruster disturbances. A Kalman filter is applied to a plant model augmented with sinusoidal disturbance states used to model both the effect of the rotor imbalance and the 155 thrusters on the CR relative motion measurement. The sinusoidal disturbance states compensate for the lack of the availability of plant inputs for use in the Kalman filter. Testing confirms that complete disturbance modeling is necessary to ensure reliable estimation. Further testing goes on to show that increased estimator operational bandwidth can be achieved through the expansion of the disturbance model within the filter dynamics. In addition, Monte Carlo analysis shows the varying levels of robustness against defined plant/filter uncertainty variations.
The social media innovation challenge in the public sector

The use of social media applications has been widely accepted in the U.S. government. Many of the social media strategies and day-to-day tactics have also been adopted around the world as part of local Open Government Initiatives and the worldwide Open Government Partnership. Nevertheless, the acceptance and broader adoption of sophisticated tactics that go beyond information and education paradigm such as true engagement or networking strategies are still in its infancy. Rapid diffusion is challenged by informal bottom-up experimentation that meets institutional and organizational challenges hindering innovative tactics. Going forward governments and bureaucratic organizations are also facing the challenge to show the impact of their social media interactions. Each of these challenges is discussed in this article and extraordinary examples, that are not widely adopted yet, are provided to show how government organizations can potentially overcome these challenges.
Millennial-scale variability to 735 ka: High-resolution climate records from Santa Barbara Basin, CA

[1] Determining the ultimate cause and effect of millennial-scale climate variability remains an outstanding problem in paleoceanography, partly due to the lack of high-resolution records predating the last glaciation. Recent cores from Santa Barbara Basin provide ~2500–5700 year “windows” of climate with ~10–50 year resolution. Ages for three cores, determined by seismic stratigraphic correlation, oxygen isotope stratigraphy, and biostratigraphy, date to ~293 ka (MIS 8), ~450 ka (MIS 12), and ~735 ka (MIS 18). These records sample the Late Pleistocene, during which the 100 kyr cycle strengthened and the magnitude of glacial-interglacial cyclicity increased. Thus, these records provide a test of the dependence of millennial-scale behavior on variations in glacial-interglacial cyclicity. The stable isotopic (δ18O) composition of planktonic foraminifera shows millennial-scale variability in all three intervals, with similar characteristics (duration, cyclicity) to those previously documented during MIS 3 at this site. Stadial G. bulloides δ18O values are 2.75–1.75‰ (average 2.25‰) and interstadial values are 1.75–0.5‰ (average 1‰), with rapid (decadal-scale) interstadial and stadial initiations of 1-2‰, as in MIS 3. Interstadials lasted ~250–1600 years and occurred every ~650–1900 years. Stadial paleotemperatures were 3.5–9.5°C and interstadial paleotemperatures were 7.5–13°C. Upwelling, evidenced by planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and δ13C, increased during interstadials, similar to MIS 3; high productivity during some stadials was reminiscent of the Last Glacial Maximum. This study builds upon previous records in showing that millennial-scale shifts were an inherent feature of Northern Hemisphere glacial climates since 735 ka, and they remained remarkably constant in the details of their amplitude, cyclicity, and temperature variability.
Race/ethnicity and asthma management among adults presenting to the emergency department

We investigated whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in asthma management among 1785 adults requiring emergency department (ED) treatment. In this multicentre study, non-Hispanic blacks with increased chronic asthma severity were only as likely (P > 0.05) as non-Hispanic whites or Hispanics to utilize controller medications or see asthma specialists before ED presentation and to be prescribed recommended inhaled corticosteroids at ED discharge. Improved ED education on evidence-based chronic disease management is needed to address continuing race/ethnicity-based asthma disparities.
Priming Christian Religious Concepts Increases Racial Prejudice

Positive correlations have been found between several self-report measures of religiousness and racial prejudice; however, no experiment has yet examined the direct effect of religion on racial attitudes. In the current studies, persons were subliminally primed with Christian or neutral words. Then covert racial prejudice (Study 1) and general negative affect toward African-Americans (Study 2) were assessed. Participants subliminally primed with Christian words displayed more covert racial prejudice against African-Americans (Study 1) and more general negative affect toward African-Americans (Study 2) than did persons primed with neutral words. The effects of priming on racial prejudice remained even when statistically controlling for pre-existing levels of religiousness and spirituality. Possible mechanisms for the observed effect of Christian religion on racial prejudice are discussed.
Associations between respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity and effortful control in preschool-age children

We tested whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity in response to each of three self-regulation tasks (bird and dragon; knock-tap; and gift wrap) would predict self-regulation performance in a sample of 101 preschool-age children (M age = 4.49, SD = .64). While controlling for baseline RSA, decreases in RSA from bird and dragon to knock-tap (but not from baseline to bird and dragon) predicted a latent variable measuring self-regulation. Furthermore, increases in RSA from the knock-tap to gift wrap—the only task involving delay of gratification—were related to concurrent task performance while controlling for the relation between RSA reactivity and the latent self-regulation variable. Results suggest that the relations between RSA reactivity and self-regulatory ability are influenced by task-specific demands and possibly by task order. Furthermore, RSA reactivity appears to relate differently to performance on motivationally salient self-regulation tasks such as delay of gratification relative to cool executive function tasks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 596–606, 2015.
The Discourse of the Illegal Immigration Debate: A Case Study in the Politics of Representation:

It is the proposition of this paper that our search for enemies is turning inward now that the Cold War is over. The State, in alliance with business and other elite interests, is encouraging citiz...