cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors regulating the metabolism of low-density lipoprotein-proteoglycan complex in macrophages.

Abstract We studied the factors regulating the metabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-proteoglycan complex, LDL and acetyl-LDL in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Macrophage conditioned medium stimulated the degradation of LDL-proteoglycan complex and acetyl-LDL in a dose-dependent manner and enhanced cholesterol ester synthesis mediated by these ligands. The conditioned medium had no such effect in a cell-free system. The conditioned medium enhanced the degradation of both the LDL and proteoglycan components of the complex. The degradation of LDL was not affected by the conditioned medium. The active factor in the conditioned medium was labile to boiling, suggesting that it may be protein in nature. The conditioned medium also lost its stimulatory activity after dialysis through a membrane with an exclusion limit of 25000 daltons, suggesting the involvement of cytokines and/or other growth factors. Macrophage activation was accompanied by a 2–3-fold increase in the degradation of LDL-proteoglycan complex and acetyl-LDL as compared to the degradation of these ligands in resident macrophages; however, this had no effect on LDL degradation. The degradation of all three ligands increased markedly with decreasing cell density. Preincubation of macrophages for 48 h with increasing concentrations of fetal bovine serum produced a substantial increase in the subsequent degradation of LDL-proteoglycan complex and acetyl-LDL, while it had very little effect on the degradation of LDL. The active factor in serum was destroyed by boiling, suggesting that it may be a protein. These results show that the scavenger receptor, mediating the uptake and degradation of LDL-proteoglycan complex and acetyl-LDL and LDL receptor are regulated differently in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
BIMA data archive: the architecture and implementation of a real-time telescope archiving system

We describe the design model and implementation of the data archiving system used by the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) millimeter array telescope. This system transmits data in real-time from the BIMA telescope at the Hat Creek Observatory in northern California via the Internet to an archive server at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) in Urbana, Illinois. Once at NCSA, the data undergo minor processing to make it available to astronomers via an HTML interface: (1) the data are checked for successful transmission, (2) metadata are extracted from the data and inserted into a searchable database, and (3) the data are sent to the NCSA mass storage system. When necessary, the system can carry out rollback operations which allow it to easily recover from errors, particularly those associated with the often unstable Internet. We also comment on some ways in which the system can be improved and expanded to adapt to changing observing strategies.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nanosecond Microscopic Measurement of Magnetic Film Switching by Kerr Magneto‐Optic Apparatus

With the use of a laser as the stable high-intensity light source and a nanosecond-response photomultiplier tube as a sensing device, nanosecond switching of 25 μm diameter spots in a NiFe film has been measured on a Kerr magneto-optic apparatus. A sampling oscilloscope is used for examining the switching waveform obtained from the photomultiplier. Because the photon shot noise dominates the photomultiplier output, filtering techniques must be applied to the sampled output. The transient response of the whole system is limited by the anode pulse rise time of the photomultiplier which is a few nanoseconds. Examples of useful data obtained with this apparatus are given. Unter Benutzung eines Lasers als stabile Lichtquelle hoher Intensitat und eines Photovervielfachers als Nachweisgerat wird das Nanosekunden-Umschaltverhalten von „spots” mit einem Durchmesser von 25 μm in einer NiFe-Schicht mit einer Kerreffekt-Apparatur gemessen. Ein Sampling-Oszilloskop wird zur Untersuchung der Wellenform des Umschaltens benutzt. Weil das Schrotrauschen des Photovervielfachers das Ausgangssignal uberdeckt, mus eine Filtertechnik fur das Sampling-Ausgangssignal angewandt werden. Die Einstellzeit des ganzen Systems wird durch die Anstiegszeit des Anodenimpulses des Photovervielfachers begrenzt, die einige Nanosekunden betragt. Es werden Beispiele fur Messungen mit dieser Apparatur angegeben.
Slow excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by P2Y1 receptors in the guinea‐pig enteric nervous system

Electrophysiological recording was used to study a type of slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (slow EPSP) that was mediated by release of ATP and its action at P2Y1 receptors on morphologically identified neurones in the submucosal plexus of guinea-pig small intestine. MRS2179, a selective P2Y1 purinergic receptor antagonist, blocked both the slow EPSP and mimicry of the EPSP by exogenously applied ATP. Increased conductance accounted for the depolarization phase of the EPSP, which occurred exclusively in neurones with S-type electrophysiological behaviour and uniaxonal morphology. The purinergic excitatory input to the submucosal neurones came from neighbouring neurones in the same plexus, from neurones in the myenteric plexus and from sympathetic postganglionic neurones. ATP-mediated EPSPs occurred coincident with fast nicotinic synaptic potentials evoked by the myenteric projections and with noradrenergic IPSPs evoked by sympathetic fibres that innervated the same neurones. The P2Y1 receptor on the neurones was identified as a metabotropic receptor linked to activation of phospholipase C, synthesis of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.
Peroneal tendon subluxation in a case of anomalous peroneus brevis muscle

We report a case of peroneal tendon subluxation as a result of an anomalous extension of the peroneus brevis muscle into the fibular groove, causing an encroachment phenomenon, stretching-out of the superior peroneal retinaculum, longitudinal splitting of the peroneus brevis tendon, subluxation of the peroneal tendons, and peroneal tenosynovitis. We describe a simple surgical technique for tendon stabilization, after decompression of the fibular groove.
Energy Conservation with Air Infiltration Barriers

The infiltration of air into insulated walls reduces the effectiveness of the insulation and increases the rate of heat loss. The obvious solution to this problem is to build ''air-tight'' walls. An air infiltration barrier can be installed during construction to effectively provide an ''air-tight'' envelope. A unique nonwoven fabric that has excellent breathability can be used for this application without causing excess moisture build-up or condensation in the wall cavity. Laboratory results showing energy savings that may be achieved by installing air infiltration barriers are presented for both mobile home and site-built home wall construction. Energy savings for an air infiltration barrier installed on attic floors are shown, including the results of a 50-home field test.
Shape Memory Polymers: Energy Method Superposition Constitutive Modeling

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have the capacity to stored strain energy under appropriate stimulus and pre-deformation conditions. Temperature is a good stimulus and predominantly used to activate the shape memory effects of SMPs. Complex engineering application use of SMPs are being developed or proposed and it becomes imperative to develop a simple but yet practical constitutive model that will capture the deformation and recovery of SMPs appropriately under different constraints and loading conditions. In this study, a thermo-mechanical constitutive model is developed for SMPs. A four step shape memorization and recovery is considered and a thermo-mechanical energy balance (first principles of thermodynamics) is done on the individual steps. For this study, the four steps considered are a) Pre-loading of the SMP at high temperature b) Constant strain at negative rate of change of temperature c) constraint release and shape fixity at low temperate and d) unconstrained free strain recovery. A free energy function is developed for the individual steps and superposition principle is used to define the storage free energy in the third step. Applying the second law of thermodynamics in Clausius-Duhem form, the stress-strain relation was developed. Also, in order to account for the polymer’s molecular architecture and morphology resulting in shape memory effect, a binding factor was approximately defined. The binding factor is primarily a function of temperature and secondarily a function of the viscosity of the material at high and low temperatures. The storage strain was assumed to be an internal variable that is generated from the mechanical loading of the SMP. The general model is reduced down to a specific viscoelastic model based on the assumption of the free energy function. The developed model is validated by comparing the predictions to experimental results in literature.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Chemical Probes Identify a Role for Histone Deacetylase 3 in Friedreich's Ataxia Gene Silencing

We recently identified a class of pimelic diphenylamide histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that show promise as therapeutics in the neurodegenerative diseases Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and Huntington's disease. Here, we describe chemical approaches to identify the HDAC enzyme target of these inhibitors. Incubation of a trifunctional activity-based probe with a panel of class I and class II recombinant HDAC enzymes, followed by click chemistry addition of a fluorescent dye and gel electrophoresis, identifies HDAC3 as a unique high-affinity target of the probe. Photoaffinity labeling in a nuclear extract prepared from human lymphoblasts with the trifunctional probe, followed by biotin addition through click chemistry, streptavidin enrichment, and Western blotting also identifies HDAC3 as the preferred cellular target of the inhibitor. Additional inhibitors with different HDAC specificity profiles were synthesized, and results from transcription experiments in FRDA cells point to a unique role for HDAC3 in gene silencing in Friedreich's ataxia.
Explaining finite state machine characteristics using variable structure control

This paper describes how variable structure control can be used to describe the overall behavior of multiple autonomous robotic vehicles with simple finite state machine rules. The importance of this result is that it allows for the design of provably asymptotically stable group behaviors from a set of simple control laws and appropriate switching points with variable structure control. The ability to prove convergence to a goal is especially important for applications such as locating military targets or land mines.
Equilibrium flow areas in the Rhine—Meuse delta

Abstract A brief description of the morphological and hydraulic characteristics of the Rhine—Meuse Delta is presented. For equilibrium conditions, an empirical relation between the cross-sectional area and the flow characteristics at the mouth of the various estuaries is established. Similarly, an attempt is made to correlate: (1) the cross-sectional and the flow characteristics of the tidal rivers; and (2) the cross-sectional areas at confluences of tidal rivers. Variations in cross-sectional areas at the mouth of the estuaries are discussed making use of closure curves and a sediment curve. A stability index is introduced as a measure of resistance of the estuary mouth against closing. Closure curves and sediment curve are used to explain the observed variations in cross-sectional area at the mouth of the Rotterdam Waterway during the period 1885–1958.
Testosterone, aging, and body composition in men from Harare, Zimbabwe.

To examine age-related changes in body composition and testosterone (T) among men in an urban sub-Saharan African population, measures of body composition and salivary T were obtained from 109 males ages 20–78 in Harare, Zimbabwe. Measures included height, weight, suprailiac and triceps skinfold, and percent body fat by bioelectric impedance (BIA). Saliva samples were assayed for T using radioimmunoassay. Average BMI of the overall sample (23.16 (SD = 18.12) kg/m2 was close to Western populations, while salivary T levels (AM = 196 ± 96 pmol/l; pm = 172 ± 98 pmol/l) were much lower. Both morning (beta = –0.535; P < 0.001) and afternoon salivary T declined with age (beta = −0.385; P < 0.001). Multiple regression models indicate that pm salivary T (beta = 0.24; P = 0.025), was a predictor of fat-free mass, but neither am nor pm salivary T was related to fat mass or other measures of body composition. In addition, height was significantly related to pm salivary T levels in men under the age of 60. Multivariate regression indicates that pm salivary T is a predictor of fat-free mass when controlled for height and adiposity. These findings suggest that T is related to both lean mass and overall body size among men from a non-Western nonsubsistence population. As such they are consistent with the hypothesis that bioavailable T plays a role in energetic allocation among human males. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:704–712, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Animal models of the non-motor features of Parkinson's disease

The non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) occur in roughly 90% of patients, have a profound negative impact on their quality of life, and often go undiagnosed. NMS typically involve many functional systems, and include sleep disturbances, neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits, and autonomic and sensory dysfunction. The development and use of animal models have provided valuable insight into the classical motor symptoms of PD over the past few decades. Toxin-induced models provide a suitable approach to study aspects of the disease that derive from the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, a cardinal feature of PD. This also includes some NMS, primarily cognitive dysfunction. However, several NMS poorly respond to dopaminergic treatments, suggesting that they may be due to other pathologies. Recently developed genetic models of PD are providing new ways to model these NMS and identify their mechanisms. This review summarizes the current available literature on the ability of both toxin-induced and genetically-based animal models to reproduce the NMS of PD.
Inhouse Health-Care Program Evaluators Their Role and Training

A survey of 58 in house program evaluators in health-care settings revealed that evaluators are largely satisfied with their work and their roles in these facilities. This finding suggests that the faculty of graduate programs can in good faith continue to encourage students to prepare to become program evaluators since program evaluation seems to be a desirable field to enter. Survey respondents suggested that research methods courses be retainede however, the type of evaluations done by the evaluators surveyed suggests that methods of large-scale data management ought to become an important part of the evaluator's training.
Carbamate Insecticides: Insecticidal Properties of Some Optically Active Substituted Phenyl N-Methylcarbamates

The d - and l -isomers of two carbamate insecticides, 2- s -butylphenyl N -methylcarbamate (I) and 2- s -butylthiophenyl N -methylcarbamate (II) were prepared and evaluated for biological activity. The l -isomer of I was 6 times more active as an anticholinesterase, 3 times more toxic to the house fly, Musca domestica L., and 8 times toxic to Culex pipens quinquefasciatus Say larvae than the d -isomer. There was no significant difference in the activities of the d - and l -isomers of II. These results are discussed in terms of the mechanics of competitive inhibition of cholinesterase.
Exploring Antecedents of Five Types of Organizational Commitment Among Correctional Staff It Matters What You Measure

Correctional staff are the backbone of any correctional organization, and building organizational commitment among employees is critical for an effective organization. Although there is a small but growing body of literature on the antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment, there has been little discussion on the various types and levels of commitment and whether results differ depending on the form of commitment being measured. This study reviewed the three major types (i.e., affective, moral, and continuance) and two levels (i.e., agency and institutional) of organizational commitment. Multivariate analysis of survey results from 272 staff at a high-security prison in the Midwest revealed that the effects of the major forms of organizational structure (i.e., input into decision making, job autonomy, promotional opportunities, institutional communication, and organizational fairness) and job stress varied considerably depending on which form of organizational commitment was measured.
Group Feeding of Concentrates to Dairy Cows

With the advent of milking parlors and fast milking programs, individual feeding of grain to dairy cows at the time of milking has been challenged. The system of feeding grain to cows while they are being milked was probably initiated as a means of keeping them contented. The system was also found to be effective in getting cows into the milking barn. As individual feeding of grain to cows according to their production was recommended, dairymen found little difficulty in adapting their existing system. The development of parlors for milking permitted additional refinement of grain-feeding systems with overhead storage and gravity flow to a basin in the milking stalls. Automation progressed to where grain can be metered according to the amount of milk produced. Improvements in milking machines and milking techniques have reduced the milking time even as production of cows increased. During the same time, the amount of grain being fed to cows has been increased substantially. This is especially true of cows producing large volumes of milk. Dairymen now find that many cows are milked nmre rapidly than they can consume their grain. Such cows must either be retained in the parlor for a longer time, or be underfed, or be fed additional grain elsewhere. Labor costs make it uneconomical to extend milking time for cows to eat their grain, and to underfeed is to create an equally uneconomical practice. I f additional grain is to be fed elsewhere, the question might be asked: Why not feed all of it apart from the milking operation ?
ABAL-a language for boolean function representation and manipulation

A language ABAL (Auburn Boolean Algebra Language) is described in this paper that permits machine representation and manipulation of Boolean functions. Functions may be specified in algebraic form or as lists of minterms or maxterms. Types of operations available in the language include functional form changes, simplification rules, prime implicant or prime implicate generation, functional minimization, functional combinations using Boolean operators, and truth table generation. ABAL is written in Basic-Plus for execution on a DEC PDP 11/40 RSTS/E System.
Bus architecture synthesis for hardware-software co-design of deep submicron systems on chip

System level design always has a disadvantage of not possessing detailed knowledge of the communication subsystem. This is a crucial issue for system-on-chip design, where uncertainty in communication by very deep submicron effects cannot be neglected. We present a bus architecture (BA) synthesis algorithm for designing the communication subsystem of an SoC. The algorithm is part of a hardware-software codesign methodology for resource constrained embedded applications. BA synthesis includes finding the bus topology, and routing the individual buses so that various constraints, like bus length, topology complexity, potential for communication conflicts over time, are addressed. We present BA synthesis results for a network processor, and a JPEG SoC.
NATIONAL MYTHS, STATE POLICY, AND COMMUNITY-DIRECTED MEDIA: REPRESENTATIONAL POLITICS AND THE RECONFIGURATION OF WELFARE

In the present context of government devolution, welfare policy-making has become a complex interaction between the federal, state, and local scales. In Appalachia, and similar urban and rural distressed areas, welfare reform not only affects recipients but also has a dramatic impact on community life. This paper explores how public assistance policies, shaped by myths about welfare, work, and poverty, are presently contested through community-directed media. Representational strategies that use video, radio, and other media to express the local realities of welfare across wider geographic fields provide insight into how communities cope with changing policy and help us examine economic and social links across scales. Understanding and fostering these linkages is crucial to the creation of public policy that is sensitive to local conditions and that moves beyond stereotypes of welfare and poverty as phenomena confined to central cities. [Key words: welfare reform, Appalachia, media.]
Scaling of the microrheology of semidilute F-actin solutions

The viscoelasticity of actin networks is probed over an extended range of frequencies using microrheology techniques, where the thermal motion of small beads in the network is measured using diffusing-wave spectroscopy. Despite large sample-to-sample variations, the data exhibit an unexpected scaling behavior and can all be collapsed onto a single master curve, indicative of a surprising universality in the elastic properties. The scaled data provide a precise measure of the average behavior of the actin networks and indicate that at high frequencies v, the shear modulus, increases as v3y4. [S0031-9007(99)08465-3]
Trends in Mastectomy Rates at the Mayo Clinic Rochester: Effect of Surgical Year and Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose Recent changes have occurred in the presurgical planning for breast cancer, including the introduction of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We sought to analyze the trends in mastectomy rates and the relationship to preoperative MRI and surgical year at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Patients and Methods We identified 5,405 patients who underwent surgery between 1997 and 2006. Patients undergoing MRI were identified from a prospective database. Trends in mastectomy rate and the association of MRI with surgery type were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of surgery year and MRI on surgery type, while adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results Mastectomy rates differed significantly across time (P < .0001), and decreased from 45% in 1997% to 31% in 2003, followed by increasing rates for 2004 to 2006. The use of MRI increased from 10% in 2003% to 23% in 2006 (P < .0001). Patients with MRI were more likely to undergo mastectomy than those ...
Novel Ultrathin Mg Nanoblades for Hydrogen Storage

We describe the growth of novel ultrathin Mg crystalline nanoblades by oblique angle vapor deposition. These nanoblades were then coated with catalyst Pd and hydrogenated into magnesium hydride MgH 2 . In situ thermal desorption spectroscopy study showed a low H desorption temperature at ∼365 K. In situ reflection high energy electron diffraction patterns were used to study the temperature dependent structure and composition changes during the de-hydrogenation of Pd coated MgH 2 nanoblades. The diffraction rings reveal the formation of alloys of Pd and Mg when the temperature is over ∼480 K. Transmission electron microscopy diffraction also supports the formation of Pd and Mg alloys. This alloying reduces the cycling capability of Mg hydride. The de-hydrogenation of MgH 2 introduces a strain at the bilayer interface between MgH 2 and Mg resultant from 30% volume reduction from MgH 2 to Mg and formed curved nanoblades as evident by scanning electron microscopy images. Designing factors of recyclable simple hydrides will be discussed.
Electrodeposition of technetium on platinum for thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS)

A novel device has been fabricated for the electrodeposition of technetium metal onto platinum filaments for thermal ionization mass spectrometric (TIMS) measurements. The ability of the device to focus the deposition to diameters of hundreds of micrometers on pre-mounted TIMS filaments coupled with the ease of use and simplicity of design permit for an extremely sensitive yet economical TIMS filament loading technique. Electrodeposition parameters were varied in order to maximize deposition efficiency. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to confirm and characterize the technetium deposit. The technetium is deposited in the metallic state, although surface oxides in the 4+ and 7+ state form readily. Initial TIMS measurements of the electrodeposited technetium in the presence of a barium sulfate ionization enhancer show potential for excellent sensitivity.
Square-root, reciprocal, sine/cosine, arctangent cell for signal and image processing

This paper discusses an efficient interpolation method for nonlinear function generation. Based on this, a 24 bit VLSI cell, capable of computing the (1) square root, (2) reciprocal, (3) sine/cosine, and (4) arctangent functions, is presented for single precision floating-point applications. A 53 bit version, suitable for double precision computations, is also presented. Finally, an extension of the method to the two dimensional nonlinear functions is briefly addressed. >
Micromachined Bulk Wave Acoustic Bandgap Devices

A MEMS bulk wave acoustic bandgap has been designed and experimentally verified. The acoustic bandgaps are realized by including tungsten (W) scatterers in a SiO2 matrix. Wide frequency ranges where acoustic waves are forbidden to exist are formed due to the large density and acoustic impedance mismatch between W and SiO2. The acoustic bandgap structures are fabricated in a 7-mask process that features integrated aluminum nitride piezoelectric couplers. Acoustic bandgaps in a square lattice have been measured at 33 and 67 MHz with up to 35 dB of acoustic rejection and bandwidths exceeding 35% of the midgap.
Bridging the Gap Between Planning and Scheduling

Planning research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has often focused on problems where there are cascading levels of action choice and complex interactions between actions. In contrast, scheduling research has focused on much larger problems where there is little action choice, but the resulting ordering problem is hard. In this paper, we give an overview of AI planning and scheduling techniques, focusing on their similarities, differences, and limitations. We also argue that many difficult practical problems lie somewhere between planning and scheduling, and that neither area has the right set of tools for solving these vexing problems.
The Permeable Border: Examining Responses to North American Integration in Video Art

In this essay, I suggest that artistic production provides valuable insights into the nature of the Canada-US border during the late-twentieth century when significant changes were occurring to dominant understandings of Canada in relation to North America. Focusing on the medium of video art, I trace the sustained engagement of Canadian contemporary artists to respond to and comment on the move towards continental integration through free trade. I contextualize my discussion in relation to trade developments that opened Canada’s border with the US, such as the 1989 implementation of the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement. This agreement, along with the later North American Free Trade Agreement, led to increasing continental integration at the end of the twentieth century, as well as hope for hemispheric integration with the subsequent negotiations towards the Free Trade Area of the Americas. With attention to works by Lisa Steele and Kim Tomczak, Eva Manly, and Clive Robertson, I foreground cultural contributions to redefining the Canada-US borderlands. Here, I chart the artists’ intention to echo narratives of the border’s porousness and address the power dynamics between the Canadian state and its trade partners. Examining themes of cultural imperialism, colonialism, and national identity, I point to the importance of cultural production in assessing the borderlands and, more broadly, histories of free trade in North America.
Primary Tracheoesophageal Puncture with Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap after Total Laryngectomy or Laryngopharyngectomy

The supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) is increasingly employed for laryngectomy reconstruction with excellent success. Although tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) with intraoperative prosthesis placement is also positively reported, this is not described in patients following SCAIF. We review our experience with primary TEP with prosthesis placement and voice outcomes in patients after SCAIF reconstruction. Seven patients underwent SCAIF with primary TEP after laryngectomy from 2011 to 2013. Five underwent total laryngectomy (TL) and 2 underwent TL with partial pharyngectomy. All patients had 16 French Indwelling Blom-Singer prostheses placed intraoperatively without complications. Six patients achieved tracheoesophageal voice (median time = 1.5 months). Two patients required cricopharyngeal segment Botox injections. One patient remained aphonic. One patient developed prosthesis leakage addressed with prosthesis replacement. Our preliminary data demonstrate that similar to free tissue transfer reconstruction, primary TEP with intraoperative placement of the voice prosthesis at the time of SCAIF reconstruction is safe and effective.
Racial Differences in Perceived Burden of Rural Dementia Caregivers The Mediating Effect of Religiosity

This study explores whether religiosity explains racial differences in caregiving burden for a rural sample of dementia family caregivers. Data are from a probability sample of 74 non-Hispanic White and 67 African American dementia caregivers in rural Alabama. SPSS macros for estimating indirect effects in multiple mediator models are used to test the mediation effects of religiosity. White caregivers report higher burden, are less likely to use religious coping, and less likely to engage in organized religion than do African American caregivers. Church attendance is found to significantly (B = —.57, p < .05) mediate the racial differences on caregiving burden (R2 = .07). Religious involvement in general, and church attendance in particular, seem to provide both spiritual and social psychological benefits to dementia caregivers. Thus, supplementing formal services with the services provided by religious organizations may be important in rural areas where formal resources are scarce.
Silicon carbide in a silicon world: introducing wide band gap semiconductor production into a silicon fab

The Advanced Materials Group has been tasked with bringing silicon carbide (SiC) device production into an existing silicon fab. The goal is to develop processes maximizing utilization of the existing silicon fab infrastructure. This paper will discuss some of the challenges being faced in this task, and how the group is addressing them. While the processes used to fabricate SiC devices are similar to those used to fabricate silicon devices, there are several important differences.
An Investigation of Factors Influencing Participation in Online Surveys by College Students

Online surveys are attracting considerable interest and will become more commonplace because of the methodological and economic advantages such as cost efficiency, speed of data collection, high response rate, short response time, and accuracy of data. To explore the reasons why respondents would respond to an online survey in college students, 293 surveys were collected from students in four undergraduate business classes. Factor analysis identiifed the following four dimensions of reasons: format, content, affiliation, and contact. These reasons of dimensions were used to cluster participants into two groups: "active participants" and "moderate participants." Contact was the highest discriminator between two clusters followed by affiliation, content, and format. Then, these two groups of clusters were compared using Chi-square tests to determine if there were statistical differences between them.Percentage of respondents to an online survey was found to be only distinguishing variable between the two clusters.
Rheological/textural properties of starch and crude hsian‐tsao leaf gum mixed systems

The Effects of hsian-tsao leaf gum (HG) on the rheological/textural properties of non-waxy starches were studied. Pronounced interactions between starch and HG were observed. The rheological properties, including pseudo-gel viscosity in the rapid visco-analyser test, storage and loss moduli in the dynamic rheological test, as well as firmness in the texture analyser test, of the mixed gels generally improved with increasing gum concentration to a certain level, then deteriorated with further increase in gum concentration. The critical gum concentration for the development of optimal rheological properties depended on the starch type and concentration. Within the concentration range studied, mixed systems with wheat starch could generally reach the highest pseudo-gel viscosity, firmness, and storage modulus if the starch/HG ratio was appropriate, followed by those with corn and tapioca starch. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Report of the Committee on Policy of the American Political Science Association for the Year 1935.

So long a time has now elapsed since the creation of the first Committee on Policy that even old members of the Association need to be reminded of the order of events.As a result of certain expressions used by Charles A. Beard in his presidential address at the St. Louis meeting of the Association in December, 1926, a Committee on Policy was set up for the purpose of making a survey of the field of political science and the opportunities and obligations of the Association. This committee, as originally appointed by President W. B. Munro in January, 1927, consisted of C. A. Beard (chairman), C. E. Merriam, F. A. Ogg, R. C. Brooks, W. F. Willoughby, and J. R. Hayden. The following May, Dr. Beard, though remaining a member of the Committee, resigned the chairmanship and was replaced in that position by Thomas H. Reed. The Committee applied to the Carnegie Corporation for aid in making the required study and received in December, 1927, a grant of $7,500. The Committee, with certain changes in membership, continued in existence until December, 1930.
Philosophy and time travel

The author investigates the topic of philosophy of time travel by explicating how awareness of time helps to understand such time travel, the ways we encounter others, speak with them about the world and events in our world and history. The author discusses aspects of pretemporal life of awareness and discloses philosophical time travel in order to engage in a dialogue with others. The argument of this paper makes the following points: a) empirically it is not possible to leave our chronological position; b) human memory is quite limited; c) yet we dialogue with members of our species through times in terms of our “signitive” capacity; d) we read texts that “mean” events, things and others and thus engage in a dialogue with them. All this implies that we are aware of what other said or saw and made accessible “through” the empirical signs prior to asking a question of “when” – this means “atemporally”.
Tool log mining for productivity improvement — James Lin

In a high-mix production environment with thousands of recipes and hardware differences due to tool-dedications, it is not straightforward to identify throughput efficiency losses. As a result, it is very difficult to identify and exploit opportunities to improve equipment usage (i.e. “more wafers-per-hour”).1 A WTW-initiative was started in 2009 at ISMI to develop metrics to identify active and wait time elements contributing to non-productive cycle time.2
Interactions between lymphocytes and myeloid cells regulate pro- versus anti-tumor immunity.

Tumor-associated myeloid cells have been implicated in regulating many of the “hallmarks of cancer” and thus fostering solid tumor development and metastasis. However, the same innate leukocytes also participate in anti-tumor immunity and restraint of malignant disease. While many factors regulate the propensity of myeloid cells to promote or repress cancerous growths, polarized adaptive immune responses by B and T lymphocytes have been identified as regulators of many aspects of myeloid cell biology by specifically regulating their functional capabilities. Here, we detail the diversity of heterogeneous B and T lymphocyte populations and their impacts on solid tumor development through their abilities to regulate myeloid cell function in solid tumors.
Qinna Shen and Martin Rosenstock, eds. Beyond Alterity: German Encounters with Modern East Asia. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2014. 316 pp. + 32 illustrations.

Qinna Shen and Martin Rosenstock, eds. Beyond Alterity: German Encounters with Modern East Asia. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2014. 316 pp. + 32 illustrations. ISBN: 978-1-78238-360-4.This ...
A Rat α-Fetoprotein Binding Activity Prediction Model to Facilitate Assessment of the Endocrine Disruption Potential of Environmental Chemicals.

Endocrine disruptors such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), diethylstilbestrol (DES) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) are agents that interfere with the endocrine system and cause adverse health effects. Huge public health concern about endocrine disruptors has arisen. One of the mechanisms of endocrine disruption is through binding of endocrine disruptors with the hormone receptors in the target cells. Entrance of endocrine disruptors into target cells is the precondition of endocrine disruption. The binding capability of a chemical with proteins in the blood affects its entrance into the target cells and, thus, is very informative for the assessment of potential endocrine disruption of chemicals. α-fetoprotein is one of the major serum proteins that binds to a variety of chemicals such as estrogens. To better facilitate assessment of endocrine disruption of environmental chemicals, we developed a model for α-fetoprotein binding activity prediction using the novel pattern recognition method (Decision Forest) and the molecular descriptors calculated from two-dimensional structures by Mold2 software. The predictive capability of the model has been evaluated through internal validation using 125 training chemicals (average balanced accuracy of 69%) and external validations using 22 chemicals (balanced accuracy of 71%). Prediction confidence analysis revealed the model performed much better at high prediction confidence. Our results indicate that the model is useful (when predictions are in high confidence) in endocrine disruption risk assessment of environmental chemicals though improvement by increasing number of training chemicals is needed.
Written disclosure therapy for patients with chronic lung disease undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation.

PURPOSE:Chronic lung diseases are typically associated with impaired quality of life, stress, and anxiety. Written disclosure therapy (WDT) reduces stress in patients with a variety of chronic illnesses. We sought to determine whether WDT benefits patients with chronic lung disease.METHODS:A prospec
WHAT IS OUR “CANON”? HOW AMERICAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORIANS DEBATE THE CORE OF THEIR FIELD*

These selected excerpts from a conversation now running nearly a quarter-century about The American Intellectual Tradition: A Sourcebook exemplify the efforts made by specialists in American intellectual history to decide just what constitutes the core of their field. An anthology designed for undergraduates has practical limitations, to be sure, that prevent its table of contents from ever serving as a complete map of a field. Specific research questions, not arguments over canons, properly remain the deepest center of gravity of any cohort of scholars. But assignments to students are one important indicator of what scholar–teachers take to be important, and these assignments are not unrelated to choices these same individuals make about the topics of their monographic contributions. Hence the lively correspondence that my coeditor, Charles Capper, and I have carried on with dozens of colleagues concerning the six editions of the only collection of sources for this field currently in print offers a window on how American intellectual history has changed in the last generation and what are its current directions.
Surgical Correction for Pronation Contracture of the Forearm in Cerebral Palsy

Between 1980 and 1988, lengthening of the pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis was performed in 56 pronation deformities of the forearm in 55 patients with cerebral palsy. Twenty of these were monitored and the mean age at the time of surgery was 17 years and 7 months. The mean period of follow-up was 1 year and 5 months. Before surgery, the mean active supination was 1.7 degrees. At the end of the follow-up, it was improved to 39 degrees. According to Sakellarides' evaluation system, there were 8 excellent, 3 good, 4 fair, and 6 poor results. We found that this method was effective to correct a pronation deformity excluding fixed Contracture cases. There were 6 poor results in the fixed contracture cases. The causes of these results were discussed.
Remote backward-propagating lasing of nitrogen and oxygen in air

We present the latest developments in remote atmospheric air lasing. Stimulated emission induced by two-photon atomic excitation following molecular dissociation creates robust coherent emission in the backwards direction.
Age-related upper limits of normal for maximum upright exercise pulmonary haemodynamics

The exercise definition of pulmonary hypertension was eliminated from the pulmonary hypertension guidelines in part due to uncertainty of the upper limits of normal (ULNs) for exercise haemodynamics in subjects >50 years old.The present study, therefore, evaluated the pulmonary haemodynamic responses to maximum upright incremental cycling exercise in consecutive subjects who underwent an invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing for unexplained exertional intolerance, deemed normal based on preserved exercise capacity and normal resting supine haemodynamics. Subjects aged >50 years old (n=41) were compared with subjects ≤50 years old (n=25). ULNs were calculated as mean + 2 sdPeak exercise mean pulmonary arterial pressure was not different for subjects >50 and ≤50 years old (23 ± 5 versus 22 ± 4 mmHg, p=0.22), with ULN of 33 and 30 mmHg, respectively. Peak cardiac output was lower in older subjects (median (interquartile range): 12.1 (9.4-14.2)versus16.2 (13.8-19.2) L·min(-1), p 50 and ≤ 50 years old have different pulmonary vascular responses to exercise. Older subjects have higher pulmonary vascular resistance at peak exercise, resulting in different exercise haemodynamics ULNs compared with the younger population.
Use of Centroidal Voronoi Diagram to find optimal gate locations to minimize mold filling time in resin transfer molding

Abstract In Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) processes, liquid resin is injected into a dry reinforcement structure to create a composite part within given time limits. To reduce the fill time, resin may be injected into the mold through multiple gates. The minimum number of gates and their locations needs to be determined. To reduce the number of scenarios to be simulated, an iterative method is implemented for multiple-gate injection optimization. The inlet nodes on the mesh surface are used to generate a Voronoi Diagram of the mold geometry. Then the optimal Centroidal Voronoi Diagram (CVD) of the mold surface is searched iteratively. It is shown that the generation points associated with the optimal CVD correspond with the gate locations that yield the shortest fill time. The results are compared with exhaustive search and genetic algorithms results to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of CVD method.
EVIDENCE-BASED OPIOID PHARMACOTHERAPIES:FROM RESEARCH TO IMPLEMENTATION IN THE REAL WORLD

The introduction of methadone in the 1960s dramatically changed the treatment of opioid addiction. Today there are three medications proven effective by research: methadone,naltrexone,and buprenorphine. This introduction will discuss what these medications are,how they work,what similarities and differences exist among them,and what determines success or failure in their implementation at the clinical level. Although demonstrated safety and efficacy are essential to every successful pharmacotherapy,they alone do not guarantee clinical success. Beyond acceptance by individual patients,societal attitudes and social policies powerfully influence the acceptance or rejection of a particular medication at the community level. Ultimately,the success or failure of any opioid pharmacotherapy depends on how the society views opioid addiction,those who are afflicted by it,and what must be done for them or to them.
Design of Anti-stealing Electric Energy System Based on Wireless Communication

Even though effectively interdicting the action of stealing electric energy is significant,reliable and practice anti-stealing electric energy is lacking.The tricks of electric energy stealing,its harmfulness and the measure against it are discussed.A real-time monitoring and control system to prevent electric energy stealing,which is based on wireless communication is introduced.The system structure,working principle and function are described in detail.Finally,specific application is explained in this paper.It can identify electric energy stealing activities accurately and run stably.
Powering and puzzling in global public health.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and global health governance are once again under fire. Multiple reports and news commentaries have been scathing about its Ebola response, from initial identification to response.1 Once again, global health governance has let us down. On any issue from Ebola to climate change where there is a gap between what is and what could be on the world scene, there will be an analysis of what the United Nations, including WHO, is not doing. Public health advocates should step back before being too critical. Are we asking the wrong things of global governance? A political analysis shows that the UN agencies, WHO included, are often doing just what is asked of them. Working well with them, let alone improving them, involves understanding their situation. First, and most important, the United Nations works for its member states. For them, it is often a highly functional receptacle for blame.2 It makes sense that the problems sent to the …
Solitary‐Wave Interactions in Elastic Rods

The propagation of longitudinal deformation waves in an elastic rod is modelled by the nonlinear partial differential equation with p = 3 or 5. This equation is first derived under a range of possible constraints. We then show that this equation and even certain generalizations do not pass the Painleve test, and hence are probably not completely integrable. Finally, we study the head-on collision of two equal solitary waves numerically and also asymptotically for small and large amplitude.
Effect of exercise on left ventricular-arterial coupling assessed in the pressure-volume plane

The left ventricle (LV) and arterial system are nearly optimally coupled to produce stroke work (SW) at rest. However, the effect of exercise on the coupling between the LV and arterial system has not been directly determined. We evaluated 11 dogs who were instrumented to determine LV volume from three diameters. The LV end-systolic pressure (Pes)-volume (Ves) relation was determined by transient caval occlusion at rest and while the animals ran at 5-7 mph on a treadmill. During exercise, the Pes-Ves relation was shifted toward the left and the slope [end-systolic elastance (Ees)] increased from 7.7 +/- 2.8 to 12.7 +/- 4.2 (SD) mmHg/ml (P 95% of maximum. We conclude that during exercise, beta-adrenergic stimulation shifts the LV Pes-Ves relation to the left with an increased slope. This more than offsets the increase in Ea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)