cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated Method of Grading Vitreous Haze in Patients With Uveitis for Clinical Trials.

Purpose Uveitis is associated with accumulation of exudate in the vitreous, which reduces fundus visibility. The condition is assessed in patients by subjectively matching fundus photographs to a six-level (NIH) or nine-level (Miami) haze scale. This study aimed to develop an objective method of assessing vitreous haze. Methods An image-processing algorithm was designed that quantifies vitreous haze via high-pass filtering, entropy analysis, and power spectrum integration. The algorithm was refined using nine published photographs that represent incremental levels of fundus blur and applied without further refinement to 120 random fundus photographs from a uveitis image library. Computed scores were compared against the grades of two trained readers of vitreous haze and against acutance, a generic measure of image clarity, using Cohen's κ and Gwet's AC statistics. Results Exact agreement between algorithm scores and reader grades was substantial for both NIH and Miami scales (κ = 0.61 and 0.67, AC = 0.82 and 0.92). Within-one (κ = 0.78 and 0.82) and within-two (κ = 0.80 and 0.84) levels of agreement were almost perfect. The correspondence was comparable to that between readers. Whereas, exact (κ = 0.45 and 0.44, AC = 0.73 and 0.75), within-one (κ = 0.69 and 0.68), and within-two (κ = 0.73 and 0.72) levels of agreement for the two scales were moderate to substantial for acutance calculations. Conclusions The computer algorithm produces a quantitative measure of vitreous haze that correlates strongly with the perception of expert graders. Translational relevance The work offers a rapid, unbiased, standardized means of assessing vitreous haze for clinical and telemedical monitoring of uveitis patients.
The Renovation and Reassertion of the Refounding

It has been almost 20 years since the Refounding’s last unified publication. Although the name “Blacksburg” continues to hold a place in the field, it has increasingly been withdrawn from serious c...
Dopamine Receptor Modulation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission

Dopamine (DA), a prominent neuromodulator in the brain, regulates neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. These actions are effected through diverse DA receptor subtypes whose effects vary as a function of a number of factors including pre- or postsynaptic localization and the intracellular signaling cascades they activate. We have chosen the corticostriatal synapse as a model to study the interactions between DA and glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter for striatal inputs. In the striatum, DA receptors modulate glutamate release via presynaptic mechanisms and synaptic responses mediated by activation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors through alterations in voltage-gated channels, phosphorylation of glutamate receptor subunits, as well as physical interactions with other receptors. The outcomes of these actions are diverse and can lead to opposite or synergistic effects. These multiple effects are important to keep the balance between striatal output pathways to coordinate sensorimotor integration.
The Inductive Effect and the Control of Physiological Activities

Thus far in this book the picture of the living cell has been a static one. The key characteristic described has been that of association among the three major components of the resting cell: water, protein, and ions. I now examine the second major principle of the association—induction (AI) hypothesis: induction. The inductive effect underlies the individuality of living cells and provides the mechanisms that they use for the coordinated, reversible changes which set the living apart from the nonliving.
Computer Graphic Displays for Microscopists Assisting in Evaluating Radiation-Damaged Cells

Computer analysis of digitized images of cells and tissues has developed into a highly refined methodology. In particular, the nuclear chromatin has numerous features that allow reliable recognition and classification of cells. This was hardly a surprise to cyto-pathologists, since chromatin texture and staining properties have always provided valuable clues for visual diagnosis. However, two aspects of computer assessment came as a surprise. First, there was the consistency with which chromatin distribution patterns express the state of the cell, its differentiation, [1] and the sensitivity with which a change in the cell’s environment is reflected in the chromatin. Second, chromatin texture provides highly discriminating, objectively measurable features [2, 3] that are not perceived by human visual assessment.
SWEET MAPS: A Conceptualization of Low-Calorie Sweetener Consumption Among Young Adults.

Background The extent to which low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) are helpful or harmful for weight management and metabolic health is unclear, because LCS effects may depend on the context in which they are consumed. Objective To develop a conceptual framework for LCS consumption. Methods Young adults ages 18-35 y, who reported LCS consumption, were recruited from a private, urban, university in the mid-Atlantic United States. Concept mapping, a mixed-method approach was used to identify, organize, and quantify determinants of LCS consumption. First, participants (n = 68) identified reasons for their LCS consumption through brainstorming; content analysis of those reasons identified 37 specific determinants of LCS consumption. Second, participants (n = 93) sorted all 37 determinants conceptually. Third, participants (n = 97) rated the extent to which each of the 37 determinants was reflective of their own consumption. Similarity matrices, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis produced a series of 2-dimensional concept maps (SWEET MAPS). Results The SWEET MAPS identified 37 determinants, organized within 8 factors reflective of 3 overarching motives: perceived health benefits, palatability, and accessibility of LCSs. At the determinant level, the most highly rated determinants that exceeded the boundary (rating >3.0) were: "I want something that tastes sweet," "I am trying to maintain/control my weight," "They contain fewer calories," "They are available," and "I want to save calories because I am eating a high-calorie meal." Conclusions LCS consumption is a function of many inter-related determinants spanning biological, psychological, and social domains. The SWEET MAPS are an important and novel use of concept mapping methods that can be used to inform the design and interpretation of future studies evaluating LCS effects.
Using high-resolution electrical resistivity to estimate hydraulic conductivity and improve characterization of alluvial aquifers

Abstract Shallow alluvial aquifers are important local and regional water resources but obtaining sufficient hydrogeologic data to properly characterize their spatial extent and hydraulic conditions can often be difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. In this study, we used over 40,000 measurements of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data and hydraulic conductivity (K) data from 33 pump tests across eight shallow alluvial and glacial outwash aquifer field sites in Iowa to: (1) assess the relation between hydraulic K tests and electrical resistivity (ER) in alluvial and glacial outwash systems; and (2) evaluate the application of the ER-K relationship as input data for local-scale groundwater flow modeling. Average field-measured K across the eight sites was 95 m/day and ranged from 29 to 246 m/day, whereas aquifer resistivity ranged from 27 to 896 (ohm-m). Both K and ER were greater at the glacial outwash aquifer sites compared to the alluvial aquifer sites and a linear relationship (R2 = 0.90) was observed between field-measured K and ER when incorporating all field sites. We evaluated how K derived from the ER-K relationship compared to K estimated from pump tests and calibrated K in a local-scale groundwater flow model. The K estimated by the ER-K relationship was comparable to the K estimated from the pump tests in terms of providing reasonable values for model development. Utilizing the ER-K relationship to estimate K would save significant time compared to conducting pump tests. Hence, estimating K from electrical resistivity can provide a non-intrusive, cost and time efficient way to evaluate and model alluvial aquifers.
Management Capabilities and Performance of Firms in the Russian Federation

Using the management and operational practices survey in the Russian Federation, this paper finds that an average Russian manufacturing firm adopts 43 percent of the structured management practices (a score of 0.43), a value that is far from the frontier (for example, the United States scores 0.62). This average mask the wide heterogeneity in practices, where a large share of firms adopt few structured management practices and only 3.5 percent of them have a score over 0.75. Consistent with the findings in other countries, better managed firms in Russia show stronger firm performance, measured as gross revenue per employee, value added per employee, total factor productivity, and employment growth. Improving the management score from the 10th to the 90th percentile is associated with an increase in sales per worker by 87 percent, value added per worker by 30 percent, and total factor productivity by 13.5 percent. What drives better management capabilities? Russian firms are similar to those in other countries, such that exporters and firms with foreign linkages are better managed. Switching from operating purely in the domestic market to being globally linked is associated with a significant increase in management capabilities. However, unlike the results in other countries, management capabilities in Russia are not associated with firm age, implying that firms do not learn to be better managed over their life cycle. This result points to the possibility of inefficient allocation of resources, such that learning and selection mechanism does not weed out the badly managed firms, perhaps due to the lack of pro-competitive forces.
Assessment of a Triage Protocol for Emergent Neurosurgical Cases at a Single Institution.

Background Level I trauma centers use patient triaging systems to deploy neurosurgical resources and pursue good outcomes; however, data describing the effectiveness these triage systems are lacking. We reviewed the leveling protocol (cases designated urgent and emergent) of a regional Level I trauma center to obtain epidemiologic data about the efficiency of that system and identify areas for improvement. Methods We retrospectively reviewed leveled neurosurgical cases from January 2015 to October 2017, assessing surgery date, neurosurgical procedure, posted surgical urgency level (levels 1–3, with 1 being most urgent), and post-to-room (PTR) time (i.e., the time between initial leveling and admission of the patient to the operating room). Mean PTR times were compared between case types using one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference analysis. Results Of 1469 cases, 577 (39.3%) were shunt placement or revision, 231 (15.7%) were craniectomy or craniotomy for hematoma, 147 (10.0%) were craniectomy or craniotomy for tumor, and 514 (35.0%) were for other indications. Among level 1 cases, PTR time was lowest for craniotomies to evacuate intracranial hematoma (mean 16.2 minutes) and highest for spinal decompression procedures and wound washouts (mean 36.2 and 42.4 minutes, respectively). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study of variability in PTR timing as a function of surgical urgency or indication. The most common leveled cases were craniectomies or craniotomies to relieve increased intracranial pressure, which were also the most common level 1 cases. Significant variability occurred within each leveling category; thus, further investigation is required.
Exploring connections in the online learning environment: student perceptions of rapport, climate, and loneliness

Online learning can be a lonely experience. Social presence and interaction are a few proposed ways to combat students’ feelings of loneliness from peers and their instructor. Given that online cou...
Inhibition of TET1 prevents the development of osteoarthritis and reveals the 5hmC landscape that orchestrates pathogenesis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joint, which results in pain, loss of mobility, and, eventually, joint replacement. Currently, no disease-modifying drugs exist, partly because of the multiple levels at which cartilage homeostasis is disrupted. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of epigenetic dysregulation in OA, sparking interest in the epigenetic modulation for this disease. In our previous work, we characterized a fivefold increase in cytosine hydroxymethylation (5hmC), an oxidized derivative of cytosine methylation (5mC) associated with gene activation, accumulating at OA-associated genes. To test the role of 5hmC in OA, here, we used a mouse model of surgically induced OA and found that OA onset was accompanied by a gain of ~40,000 differentially hydroxymethylated sites before the notable histological appearance of disease. We demonstrated that ten-eleven-translocation enzyme 1 (TET1) mediates the 5hmC deposition because 98% of sites enriched for 5hmC in OA were lost in Tet1-/- mice. Loss of TET1-mediated 5hmC protected the Tet1-/- mice from OA development, including degeneration of the cartilage surface and osteophyte formation, by directly preventing the activation of multiple OA pathways. Loss of TET1 in human OA chondrocytes reduced the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP3 and MMP13 and multiple inflammatory cytokines. Intra-articular injections of a dioxygenases inhibitor, 2-hydroxyglutarate, on mice after surgical induction of OA stalled disease progression. Treatment of human OA chondrocytes with the same inhibitor also phenocopied TET1 loss. Collectively, these data demonstrate that TET1-mediated 5hmC deposition regulates multiple OA pathways and can be modulated for therapeutic intervention.
The Section of Psychology: Psychology in an Academic Health Sciences Center's Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry

This paper describes the organization of the Section of Psychology, Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown. The organization of psychology is described in terms of the 10 organizational variables for psychology outlined by the Working Group on Governance and Administration from the 1995 Association of Medical School Psychologists, Georgetown Conference. Several aspects of the Department are highlighted that may account for the success of psychology section model including collegial relationship between the disciplines of psychology and psychiatry. The paper describes in detail how the section works, key successes, major obstacles encountered, and future challenges.
Endovascular Repair of Splenic Artery Aneurysm

Successful endovascular repair of 3.1 cm splenic artery aneurysm was performed by occluding the outflow vessel and coil embolization of the sac using microcatheter.
Sex-based differences in the anatomic distribution of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common malignancy in the United States, and its incidence is increasing. Ultraviolet radiation is the main environmental risk factor for cSCCs; thus, they tend to arise on sun-exposed skin. Most publications cite the head and neck as the predominant location for cSCCs, but these papers do not account for the differential anatomic predication of cSCCs by sex. No prior studies have examined the differential distribution of cSCCs by sex, particularly invasive cSCCs that have the potential for recurrence and metastasis. Objective We examined the association between cSCC tumor features, including anatomic site and invasiveness, by key patient features, including age and sex. Methods Using an institutional cSCC registry, we identified 618 non-Hispanic white patients diagnosed with 2,111 histologically-confirmed cSCCs between 2000-2016. Results We found differential anatomic distributions of cSCC by patient sex. Men were more likely to have cSCCs arise on the head and neck (51.7%), whereas women were more likely to have cSCCs develop on the lower extremity (41.2%). Stratification by dichotomized age (younger [<65 years] vs. older [≥65 years]) revealed that nearly half of invasive cSCCs (47.7%) among older women arose on the lower extremities, whereas approximately half of the invasive cSCCs (52.4%) arose on the head and neck among older men. Conclusion Lower extremities can be easily overlooked, particularly when practitioners perform waist-up-only skin examinations in time-limited settings. Understanding the anatomic predilection for invasive cSCCs by patient characteristics, including our findings, which suggest that the lower extremities are an important anatomic site for invasive cSCCs among women, can help further inform skin cancer screening and prevention efforts.
Electrocochleography in cochlear implantation: Development, applications, and future directions.

Abstract Electrocochleography (ECochG) is an electrophysiological technique that records electrical potentials generated by different components of the inner ear and peripheral cochlear nerve in response to acoustic stimulation. ECochG responses can be analyzed into (1) cochlear microphonics (CM), (2) auditory nerve neurophonics, (3) summating potential, and (4) compound action potential. Over the past few decades, there have been ongoing refinements in technique and updates in the understanding of recorded potentials. Historically, ECochG found its main application in the diagnostic evaluation of Meniere’s disease (MD). However, in the last decade, the focus has shifted towards cochlear implantation (CI). In patients with residual hearing after CI, combined electric and acoustic stimulation has resulted in improved hearing and speech outcomes. Despite efforts to mitigate trauma during electrode insertion, hearing preservation rates vary after surgery. During implantation, real-time ECochG offers an opportunity to measure frequency specific CMs elicited from a localized region in the cochlea as the surgeon inserts the electrode array. In extracochlear ECochG recordings, the recording electrode can be placed on the promontory, the stapes, or the tympanic membrane. Intracochlear ECochG can be performed by inserting a recording electrode into the cochlea or by using one of the CI electrodes as the recording electrode. The loss of intraoperative ECochG signal may indicate cochlear trauma from electrode insertion, but the association between intraoperative ECochG changes and cochlear trauma remains controversial. The ability to monitor cochlear trauma during CI electrode placement holds promise to improve hearing preservation outcomes, modify surgical techniques, and change electrode design. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the electrophysiology and history of ECochG, discuss its recent applications in CI, and explore the ongoing research in this expanding field.
Gene-Level, but Not Chromosome-Wide, Divergence between a Very Young House Fly Proto-Y Chromosome and Its Homologous Proto-X Chromosome

X and Y chromosomes are usually derived from a pair of homologous autosomes, which then diverge from each other over time. Although Y-specific features have been characterized in sex chromosomes of various ages, the earliest stages of Y chromosome evolution remain elusive. In particular, we do not know whether early stages of Y chromosome evolution consist of changes to individual genes or happen via chromosome-scale divergence from the X. To address this question, we quantified divergence between young proto-X and proto-Y chromosomes in the house fly, Musca domestica. We compared proto-sex chromosome sequence and gene expression between genotypic (XY) and sex-reversed (XX) males. We find evidence for sequence divergence between genes on the proto-X and proto-Y, including five genes with mitochondrial functions. There is also an excess of genes with divergent expression between the proto-X and proto-Y, but the number of genes is small. This suggests that individual proto-Y genes, but not the entire proto-Y chromosome, have diverged from the proto-X. We identified one gene, encoding an axonemal dynein assembly factor (which functions in sperm motility), that has higher expression in XY males than XX males because of a disproportionate contribution of the proto-Y allele to gene expression. The up-regulation of the proto-Y allele may be favored in males because of this gene's function in spermatogenesis. The evolutionary divergence between proto-X and proto-Y copies of this gene, as well as the mitochondrial genes, is consistent with selection in males affecting the evolution of individual genes during early Y chromosome evolution.
SU-F-BRA-06: Dose Distributions for the CivaSheet Pd-103 Directional Brachytherapy Device

Purpose: A flexible polymer membrane (CivaSheet) has been developed by CivaTech Oncology, Inc. (Research Triangle Park, NC) for permanent brachytherapy. Distributed throughout the array are small plastic disks containing Pd-103 and gold foil shielding on one side to provide a directional dose distribution and facilitate imaging. This study evaluated dosimetry for the CivaSheet. Methods: Manufacturer-provided dimensional and compositional information for the device were compared to physical samples for validation of design information, then entered into the MCNP6 radiation transport code for dosimetry simulations. Three device sizes (6×6, 6×12, or 6×18 disk-arrays) were simulated as the membrane can be custom-sized preceding surgical placement. Dose to water was estimated with 0.01 cm resolution from the surface to 10 cm on both sides of the device. Because this is a novel device with calibration methods under development, results were normalized using DVHs to provide 90% prescription coverage to a plane positioned 0.5 cm from the front surfaces. This same normalization was used for creating isodose distributions. Results: Planar dose distributions of flat CivaSheets were relatively homogeneous with acceptable dose uniformity variations. Differences in the results between the differently sized CivaSheets were not significant. At 0.5 mm, 87% of the target volume was within the therapeutic dose range. Dose hotspots on the CivaSheet forward surfaces were directly above the disks. However, dose hotspots on the rear-facing surfaces were positioned between the disks. Doses in contact with the front surface were similar to those observed for currently available brachytherapy sources. Maximum doses that occurred on the rear surface were approximately 55 times lower than the dose on the front surface. Conclusion: Monte Carlo calculations validated the directional capabilities and advantageous dosimetry of the new Pd-103 brachytherapy device. It appears feasible to re-size the CivaSheet in the operating room with an acceptable variation in prescription dose. Research was supported by CivaTech Oncology, Inc.
Plasma formation around single wires

At Cornell's Laboratory of Plasma Studies, single wires of various metals were exploded using a ∼250 ns pulser with a rise time of ∼20 A/ns. It was found that the wires first experience a resistive heating phase that lasts 50–80 ns before a rapid collapse of voltage. From that point on, the voltage across the wire was negligible while the current through the wire continued to increase. We attribute this voltage collapse to the formation of plasma about the wire. Further confirmation of this explanation will be presented along with new experimental data describing preliminary spectroscopy results, the expansion rate of the plasma, and current flow along the wire as a function of radius. The resistance of the wire-electrode connection will be shown to significantly affect the energy deposition. Various diagnostics were used to obtain these experiments. Ultraviolet sensitive vacuum photodiodes and a framing camera with an 8 ns shutter were used to detect and measure the width of the visible light emitted by the plasma. A special wire holder was constructed that allowed the transfer of current from the wire to the surrounding plasma to be observed.
Feasibility of intensive insulin therapy in a developing country – the Indian experience

The superiority of the Intensive insulin regimen over the conventional split mix is very well established in Western centres, often considered a prelude to pump therapy. Developing countries find it a challenge to initiate Basal bolus therapy. The main problems include: lack of support systems in school environment to take up the injections and glucose monitoring at school, and difficulties in assessing carbohydrate content of native foods prepared at home (considering the variability in preparation of any given food item). The parental acceptance of five injections a day also remains a challenge. There are numerous extraneous influences and myths in minds of parents that discourage them from accepting this regimen. We present our experience in surmounting these challenges and establishing Intensive insulin therapy as a first line of insulin therapy and also share the advantages in terms of the glycemic control and growth of children on follow-up with us.
The role of surface-generated gas-phase methyl radicals in the reduction of NO by CH4 over a Sr/La2O3 catalyst

Methyl radicals have been detected in the gas phase over a Sr/La 2 O 3 catalyst during the reaction of CH 4 with NO, provided O 2 is present in the system. In the absence of O 2 the concentration of CH 3 · radicals decreases almost to the background level. The results indicate that the enhanced effect of O 2 on the reduction of NO by CH 4 may be due to surface-generated gas-phase CH 3 · radicals, but in the absence of O 2 another reaction pathway may be dominant. Evidence has been found for the presence of CH 3 NO, a likely intermediate in the radical reaction, at temperatures up to 800°C.
Dynamics of Electric Fields in Strongly Coupled Plasmas

The equilibrium joint probability density for electric fields at two different times is considered for both neutral and charged points. The behavior of this distribution function is discussed in the Gaussian, short time, and high field limits. An approximate global description is proposed using an independent particle model as an extension of corresponding approximations for the single time field distribution.
Domain Theory and General Relativity

We discuss the current state of investigations into the domain theoretic structure of spacetime, including recent developments which explain the connection between measurement, the Newtonian concept of time and the Lorentz distance.
Systematic Review of Fathers' Involvement in Programmes for the Primary Prevention of Child Maltreatment

Both mothers and fathers perpetrate child maltreatment, but it is uncertain the extent to which child maltreatment prevention programmes include fathers. The objectives of this systematic review were to determine: (1) how many empirically studied primary prevention programmes for child maltreatment have included fathers; (2) among studies including fathers, what percentage of participants were fathers; and (3) whether programmes were effective in reducing paternal risk factors for child maltreatment. Three online databases were searched. Eligible articles were English language, original research studies describing an intervention for the primary prevention of child maltreatment for children ≤ five years. Included studies had to include at least one father. After screening for eligibility using titles and abstracts, the full text of 158 articles was abstracted. Seventeen studies, describing 15 individual and one multi-site programme, met eligibility criteria. The majority of the studies identified by the systematic review were from the USA. Thirteen programmes had < 30 per cent paternal participation; one did not clearly delineate the number of fathers. In the final two programmes, ≥ 50 per cent of the participants were fathers. Programme effectiveness in reducing paternal risk factors is uncertain because only the two studies with ≥ 50 per cent fathers reported father-specific results. Few fathers participated in empirically studied child maltreatment primary prevention programmes. Research is needed to determine how to actively engage fathers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ‘Three online databases were searched’ ‘Research is needed to determine how to actively engage fathers’ Key Practitioner Messages Few empirically studied primary prevention programmes for child maltreatment include fathers. Reviewed primary prevention programmes for child maltreatment commonly addressed parenting strategies and techniques. Future programmes for the primary prevention of child maltreatment should determine how to effectively recruit and actively engage fathers' participation, provide programme content relevant to fathers, and conduct interventions at times and locations convenient to fathers.
Land Speculator “Profits” Reconsidered: Central Iowa as a Test Case *

“Show us a non-resident who has made money speculating in western land,” wrote a frontier newspaper editor in 1850, “and we will show you a rare bird, more rare by far than a successful gold hunter.” Despite this warning and dozens like it, thousands of investors ventured surplus or borrowed funds on frontier land throughout the nineteenth century. Many, in fact, jumped from one frontier to the next on the heels of government surveyors and land officers. Either these businessmen were gluttons for punishment, or speculating in government land was far more rewarding than some contemporaries were willing to admit.
Grammatical Class in Word and Sentence Production: Evidence from an Aphasic Patient

This study reports an unusual pattern of selective verb impairment shown by an aphasic patient following a left-hemisphere cerebrovascular accident. In action/object naming, comparable levels of impairment of verb production compared to noun production were found for spoken and written responses; this verb impairment was attenuated by provision of a spoken sentence fragment to be completed. In contrast, tasks that required the patient to produce an entire sentence elicited a marked divergence of spoken and written verb production. Verb retrieval in written (but not spoken) sentences was poor relative to action naming and showed inappropriate use in grammatical context along with problems with inflection. These results present challenges to existing models of the representation of grammatical class within the lexicon.
The use of fresh frozen allogeneic bone for maxillary and mandibular reconstruction

Abstract The use of fresh frozen bone (FFB) alone, or in combination with autogenous bone (AB), for bony augmentation of the maxilla and mandible in preparation for dental reconstruction with endosseous implants has been studied. Ten patients received FFB±AB for augmentation of a severely atrophic mandible ( n =6) or for reconstruction of a jaw defect secondary to trauma or tumor resection ( n = 4). Average follow-up was 26.3 ± 5.4 months. At the time of implant placement, the bone grafts were found to be firm in consistency, well incorporated, and well vascularized in all 10 patients. Twenty-nine endosseous implants were placed an average of 8.3±3.1 months following bone grafting. One implant failed and was replaced, and one implant remains buried as a nonfunctional unit. All patients have been restored prosthetically by means of 28 of the 29 implants. This preliminary study indicates that FFB may be used alone or in combination with autogenous bone for augmentation or reconstruction of the atrophic maxilla and mandible. The resultant ridge is adequate to support loaded endosseous implants. A potential disadvantage is the minimal risk of disease transmission.
Gender and Ethnicity: Patterns of Electoral Success and Legislative Advocacy Among Latina and Latino State Officials in Four States

SUMMARY In this article we examine the patterns of gendered representation and related legislative advocacy within Latino delegations to four state legislatures in the Southwest. Most agree that one of the most significant changes in American politics in the post-civil rights era is the increasing election of women and people of color, but there is less agreement about the magnitude, consistency, and impact of this representation. Moreover, little is known about how these patterns vary by state. First, we examine the patterns of gendered and ethnic election in the states of Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas from 1990–2004. We find considerable variation across these states, relative to both women and Latinos, but the presence of Latinas within the Latino/a delegation has noticeably increased across all the states and at a rate that outpaces the increase in women in the legislatures overall. Second, using original survey data supplemented with elite interviews, we explore perceived differences in ...
Nonadiabatic Spin–Orbit Excitation Dynamics in Quantum-State-Resolved NO(2< Π 1/2 ) Scattering at the Gas–Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Interface

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) offer an extremely promising new class of solvents with chemical control of bulk gas solubility, but surprisingly little is known about detailed molecular scale interactions at the gas–liquid interface. In this work, quantum state-to-state resolved collision dynamics at the gas–liquid interface are studied by scattering a jet-cooled molecular beam of ground state NO(2Π1/2; N = 0) molecules from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (i.e., [bmim]+[Tf2N]−) RTIL, with the resulting rovibronic state distributions probed via laser-induced fluorescence as a function of incident collision energy (Einc) and surface temperature (Ts). Significant excitation is observed from ground (2Π1/2) to excited (2Π3/2) spin–orbit states, highlighting the presence of electronically nonadiabatic effects at the gas–RTIL interface sensitive to both Einc and Ts. At low collision energies (Einc = 2.7(9) kcal/mol), the two spin–orbit manifold rotational distributions are ...
7110 Rectal or rectosigmoid cancer diagnoses made secondary to anticoagulation with resultant lower gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding.

Patients without GI signs or symptoms that are anticoagulated for cardiac or cardiovascular disease that have new lower GI bleeding are often watched for lengthy periods of time, with bleeding being ascribed to anticoagulation, prior to being referred for endoscopy. We present 3 cases in which new lower GI bleeding after anticoagulation resulted in new diagnoses of rectal or rectosigmoid cancer. The first patient is a 63 year old white male with atherosclerotic heart disease who underwent his second percutaneous transthoracic coronary angioplasty after a positive stress test. He subsequently developed bright red, lower GI bleeding, initially felt to be secondary to anticoagulation. Rectal exam revealed heme positive stool only, however; colonoscopy was performed, revealing a rectosigmoid junction mass that was biopsy positive for adenocarcinoma. Low anterior resection revealed a T3N2M0 lesion measuring 2.7 x 2.6 x 1.0 cm with 4/7 regional lymph nodes involved with tumor. He received postoperative chemo-radiation and is doing well. The second patient is a 66 year old white male who developed right-sided weakness, paresthesias and facial droop secondary to a cardiovascular accident and was placed on anticoagulant therapy. During his hospitalization, he developed a small amount of rectal bleeding. Rectal exam revealed a mass. Colonoscopy revealed an ulcerated rectal mass, measuring 4 cm, involving 1/4 of the rectal wall that was biopsy positive for adenocarcinoma. Additionally, 4 polyps were removed. Upon deep questioning, patient noted a recent decrease in stool caliber and occasional constipation. EUS revealed a T3N1 tumor, CEA was 4.2 (0-2.5). The patient underwent pre-operative chemo-radiation, followed by complete resection of a 1.9 x 1.1 x 0.5 cm tumor with 0/10 positive lymph nodes, followed by further chemotherapy and is doing well. The third patient is a 73 year old white female with a history of chronic atrial fibrillation, who was recently anticoagulated. She developed rectal bleeding and flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed a 3 x 2 cm mass 4 cm from the anal verge, biopsy positive for adenocarcinoma. Colonoscopy was confirmatory. CT revealed only rectal wall thickening. The patient had a fatal cardiac event less than a week later. Patients who experience new GI bleeding after being placed on anticoagulation can indeed harbor neoplasm. They should undergo prompt endoscopic evaluation to prevent a delay in diagnosis.
Lactic and succinic acid formation by Endamoeba histolytica in vitro.

Abstract Conditions have been developed for obtaining resting trophozoite suspensions of amebae relatively free of associating organisms, which permit study of the fermentative activity of E. histolytica. Thus far, the formation of lactic and succinic acids as fermentation products of E. histolytica has been detected. The Qlactate was observed to be on the order of magnitude of 1 μM 10 × 10 6 cells/hour . The amount of lactic acid formed, of which endogenous activity contributes a significant part, is influenced considerably by the addition of glucose, and also depends upon the culture from which the amebae were derived.
Biophysical and Organoleptical Evaluation of Hot-Packaged Cut-Up Broiler Meats

Abstract Hot-packaging of broilers greatly reduced drip formation upon refrigerated storage. Higher drip formations were observed for cut-up parts than for the whole carcass in both treatments. These increases in drip formation were found to be proportional to the number of cut-up parts from each carcass. Higher cooking yields and Warner-Bratzler readings and shorter sarcomere lengths were observed for the hot-packaged samples as compared to the immersion chilled samples. However, taste panel evaluation did not yield any significant differences in tenderness, flavor, juiciness, and overall satisfaction between both treatments. Significant correlations were found between Warner-Bratzler readings and percentage cooking losses. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between Warner-Bratzler readings and sarcomere lengths.
Dual roles in information mediation at work: Analysis of advice‐receiving and advice‐providing diary surveys

In everyday work, people often turn to their colleagues for information. Those colleagues play the role of information mediators by intervening in the information seeking and use of others. This study investigates how people initiate the information mediation process, how they influence one another's subsequent information behavior, and how they benefit from the process, from the perspectives of both the information seeker and the information mediator. To examine the dynamics of the information mediation process, an online diary survey was conducted in a real-world workplace setting, followed by in-depth interviews. This paper reports on a preliminary analysis of 450 diary entries in which participants reported the work tasks that required advice from colleagues as well as the extent of the advice provided. Analysis of the diary data revealed the types of tasks, types of advice, and relationship between task and advice types. The results suggest that people perceive tasks differently depending on whether they play the role of information seeker or information mediator, while their perception of advice seems to be independent of their role in the information mediation process. These typologies serve as a basis for further analyzing reciprocal influences between information seekers and mediators.
Grain boundary segregation of iron in polycrystalline magnesium oxide observed by STEM

Abstract Utilizing X-ray microanalysis in samples studied with scanning transmission electron microscopy, substantial grain boundary segregation of Fe is found in grain boundaries in polycrystalline MgO. Samples studied contained between 540 and 5400 cation ppm Fe. Grain boundary segregation in the region within 200 A of the boundary was found in all cases, with the amount of segregation increasing with increasing Fe content. Samples slow-cooled from 1500°C showed an increased amount of segregation attributed to continued diffusion during cooling. Samples quenched from 1100°C showed greater segregation than those quenched from 1500°C, consistent with space charge theory. In some samples precipitates were observed which are correlated with a low-temperature phase diagram for the solidus in the iron oxide-magnesium oxide system. In addition to Fe, grain boundary segregation of Ca and Si impurities in the samples was also observed.
Wind farm layout optimization using genetic algorithm with different hub height wind turbines

Abstract Layout optimization is one of the methods to increase wind farm’s utilization rate and power output. Previous researches have revealed that different hub height wind turbines may increase wind farm’s power output. However, few researches focus on optimizing a wind farm’s layout in a two-dimensional area using different hub height wind turbines. In this paper, the authors first investigate the effect of using different hub height wind turbines in a small wind farm on power output. Three different wind conditions are analyzed using nested genetic algorithm, where the results show that power output of the wind farm using different hub height wind turbines will be increased even when the total numbers of wind turbines are same. Different cost models are also taken into account in the analysis, and results show that different hub height wind turbines can also improve cost per unit power of a wind farm. At last, a large wind farm with commercial wind turbines is analyzed to further examine the benefits of using different hub height wind turbines in more realistic conditions.
Social Constructionism and Essentialism: Theoretical and Clinical Considerations Relevant to Psychotherapy

Abstract The most fervent academic debate in gay and lesbian studies during the past decade has concerned the extent to which a “social constructionist” in contrast to an “essentialist” approach to conceptualizing human sexuality, and particularly sexual orientation and homosexuality, provides a better understanding of these complex phenomena. Because this debate has occurred primarily within the social sciences and humanities and outside of psychiatry and the other mental health fields, the specific implications for the theory and practice of psychiatry and psychotherapy remain largely unexplored. This chapter describes these two sets of ideas, explains their relevance for psychotherapy, and outlines issues raised by these theories for the clinician working with gay and lesbian patients. “Homosexual” and “heterosexual” behavior may be universal; homosexual and heterosexual identity and consciousness are modern realities. These identities are not inherent in the individual … To “commit” a homosexual act i...
Origins of potato leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) invading potato and snap bean in Minnesota

Changes in potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), stage distribution on potato and snap bean were examined in 1984–1985 with the objective of determining whether invasions were of local or long-distance origin. E. fabae populations were routinely sampled in potato and snap bean fields emerging after first E. fabae arrival in Rosemount, Minn. (4 June in 1984,9 May in 1985,0 cumulative degree days [CDD], base 8.4°C). Adults were first consistently collected on potato and snap bean 325–475 CDD in 1984, and several large influxes occurred 355–494 CDD in 1985. These invasions occurred when first-generation E. fabae would have matured on undisturbed hosts, suggesting they were of local origin. With the first large increase in E. fabae numbers, there was a shift in sex ratio (data available for 1985 only) from predominantly female to 50:50. There is some evidence for dispersal following harvesting or plowing of alfalfa, but invasion correlated best with heat unit accumulations sufficient for the development of F1 progeny.
Heat transfer from a spherical particle in a rarefied monatomic gas

The problem of heat transfer from a spherical particle situated in an infinite expanse of a monatomic gas is considered. The Bhatnagar, Gross, and Krook (BGK) model of the linearized Boltzmann equation is used. The boundary-value problem is converted to a system of linear integral equations, which is solved numerically. Results for radial heat flux, gaseous density, and temperature for all degrees of rarefaction, and arbitrary thermal accommodation coefficient, are obtained.
Efficient sparse matrix-vector multiplication on x86-based many-core processors

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is an important kernel in many scientific applications and is known to be memory bandwidth limited. On modern processors with wide SIMD and large numbers of cores, we identify and address several bottlenecks which may limit performance even before memory bandwidth: (a) low SIMD efficiency due to sparsity, (b) overhead due to irregular memory accesses, and (c) load-imbalance due to non-uniform matrix structures.We describe an efficient implementation of SpMV on the IntelR Xeon PhiTM Coprocessor, codenamed Knights Corner (KNC), that addresses the above challenges. Our implementation exploits the salient architectural features of KNC, such as large caches and hardware support for irregular memory accesses. By using a specialized data structure with careful load balancing, we attain performance on average close to 90% of KNC's achievable memory bandwidth on a diverse set of sparse matrices. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our implementation is 3.52x and 1.32x faster, respectively, than the best available implementations on dual IntelR XeonR Processor E5-2680 and the NVIDIA Tesla K20X architecture.
Fontanels: range of normal size.

Normal dimensions for fontanel size are provided from birth through the first year of life in order to assist the clinician in utilizing abnormal fontanel size, without increased intracranial pressure, as a possible clue to the recognition of alterations in morphogenesis.
Dry sex practices and HIV infection in the Dominican Republic and Haiti.

During the author’s 1999 fieldwork a possible interaction was suggested among dry sex practices lack of male circumcision and heterosexual HIV infection. Many of the Haitian men along with a number of Dominicans complained that during intercourse— particularly of the “drier” variety—the prepuce/attached frenulum occasionally ruptures and may bleed noticeably. It is possible that this type of foreskin-dry sex interaction may be one of the factors accounting for the historically severe HIV seroprevalence in these countries which have the highest rates in Latin America (5.17% of Haitian and 1.89% of Dominican adults). (excerpt)