cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BLACK HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ REACTIONS TO BLACK SPEAKERS OF STANDARD AND BLACK ENGLISH

The “Matched Guise” technique was used to measure reactions of 120 black high school students towards taped voices of black persons when they speak Standard English (SE) and when they speak Black English (NNE). Subjects, speakers of NNE, listened to taped voices of bidialectal speakers, the two dialects of each speaker maximally separated on the tapes. Voices were rated on a semantic differential scale for 14 traits obtained from equivalent Ss. Subjects revealed an overwhelming preference for the SE guise. Interactions of dialect with speaker sex and student sex are discussed. Three explanations considered are: a) influence of school test context, b) adequacy of traits, and c) that Ss may, indeed, accept values of the dominant culture regarding language standardization.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Associated with a Vancomycin-Impregnated Spacer

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe adverse drug reaction with a mortality rate near 10% characterized by erythematous cutaneous eruption, multiorgan involvement, and hypereosinophilia. This case report highlights a patient who developed DRESS in the setting of intravenous vancomycin and a vancomycin and tobramycin-impregnated (PROSTALAC, DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN) functional spacer. The spacer was placed during the revision of a left total knee replacement complicated by a septic joint. To our knowledge, this is the third reported case of DRESS associated with vancomycin-impregnated spacers. As DRESS is a potentially life-threatening reaction and the principal treatment is withdrawal of the precipitating drug, it is important to consider this clinical entity and discontinue all forms of the causative agent. Patients with DRESS may develop a diffuse cutaneous eruption, respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, elevated liver enzymes, lymphadenopathy, and/or hemodynamic instability following intravenous infusion of antibiotics or placement of antibiotic-impregnated spacers, beads, or bone cement. Interestingly, this patient had a prominent and progressive erythematous eruption surrounding the left knee that improved after operative removal of the spacer. At 6 week hospital follow-up, the patient's systemic signs and symptoms had essentially resolved.
Role of leukotriene receptor antagonists in pediatric asthma.

During the past decade, the inflammatory mechanisms that result in the clinical syndrome we call asthma have been emphasized in research, publications, and the various asthma management guidelines. This information clearly emphasizes the treatment of asthma with maintenance controller therapies early after the onset of symptoms in all but the very mildest of patients. Until the advent of the leukotriene receptor antagonists, nearly all of these maintenance therapies needed to be administered by inhalation through a variety of devices and spacers. Inhalation of medication was necessary to either increase the amount of drug reaching the airways or to increase the therapeutic index of drugs such as corticosteroids. Even under the best circumstances, this route of administration is difficult and expensive for many parents whose children have asthma. Now that oral controller therapies (leukotriene receptor antagonists) are available for children, their role in clinical practice needs to be examined. The latest asthma management guidelines classify asthma into four groups of severity, and base treatment recommendations on the intensity of symptoms, need for rescue medications, and pulmonary function as measured by peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). The categories of mild intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, and severe asthma in children will be addressed in this presentation by reviewing the available data on the use of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast in children. Mild intermittent asthma can be typified by exercise-induced asthma, a common pediatric condition. In this often troublesome condition, montelukast demonstrated effectiveness at the end of a once a day dose by blocking the effects of this naturally occurring challenge. Drug regulatory approval of a new drug also includes patients with more regular symptoms who are usually classified as having persistent or moderate asthma. In these montelukast pediatric studies, approximately 40% of patients were already taking inhaled corticosteroids. Patients had improvements in FEV1, symptoms, and rescue medication use, clearly showing an effect with once a day dosing. Pediatric data in severe asthma patients are more limited, but in such patients a therapeutic trial of montelukast would seem preferable to using systemic corticosteroids or increasing inhaled steroids to a level where adverse effects have an increasing potential of occurring. Montelukast has been available in the United States since March 1998 and has received excellent acceptance by physicians, parents, and patients. The 5-mg chewable tablet administered once a day in the evening in children aged 6–14 years apparently fills a previously unmet need in the treatment of pediatric asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2000; 30:177–182. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sentence memory affected by vasopressin analog (DDAVP) in cross-over experiment

Abstract DDAVP has been shown to facilitate memory, especially retrieval, in humans. Healthy young male adult subjects received DDAVP (60 μg) in a cross-over design with a one-week interval between sessions. Results indicated that DDAVP improved immediate memory during the first but not the second testing session, particularly for low-verbal subjects. Treatment with DDAVP also facilitated delayed (one-week) recall in the opposite group, a cross-over interaction that suggests a retrieval locus for the DDAVP effect. Furthermore, since DDAVP improved immediate memory more for low-verbal subjects and delayed memory more for high-verbal subjects, it appears that individual difference factors will be important in understanding the effects of vasopressin on memory.
Highly sensitive assessment of dry etch damage by measuring microdisk resonator Q

We discuss a novel optical assessment of dry etch damage, with high degree of sensitivity, by measuring the microdisk resonator Q. Effects of etch gas composition, bias power and sample preparation (resist reflow) were examined.
Diagnostics and biomarker development: priming the pipeline

The decrease in the rate at which novel medical products are reaching the market, despite major scientific achievements and investment that might have predicted otherwise, is causing much concern. Although this 'pipeline problem' has often been discussed in the context of drug development, it is also crucial to examine the unique characteristics of the pipeline for biomarkers and diagnostics. Here, we characterize the pipeline problem for biomarkers and diagnostics, and consider what steps could be taken to solve it.
Complex Rearrangements Lead to Novel Chimeric Gene Fusion Polymorphisms at the Arabidopsis thaliana MAF2-5 Flowering Time Gene Cluster

Tandem gene clusters of multigene families are rearrangement hotspots and may be a major source of novel gene formation. Here, we report on a molecular population genetic analysis of the MAF2-5 gene cluster of the model plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana. The MAF2-5 genes are a MADS-box multigene family cluster spanning approximately 24 kbp on chromosome 5. We find heterogeneous evolutionary dynamics among these genes, all of which are closely related to the floral repressor, FLC, and are believed to play a role in the control of flowering time in A. thaliana. Low levels of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) observed for MAF4 and MAF5 suggest purifying selection and conservation of function. In contrast, high levels of nonsynonymous SNPs, insertion-deletion, and rearrangements are observed for MAF2 and MAF3, including novel gene fusions that persist as a moderate-frequency polymorphism in A. thaliana. These fused genes, involving MAF2 and portions of MAF3, are expressed, resulting in the production of chimeric, alternatively spliced transcripts of MAF2. Association studies support a correlation between the described MAF2-MAF3 gene rearrangements and flowering time variation in the species. The finding that complex rearrangements within gene clusters, such as those observed for MAF2, might play a role in the generation of ecologically important phenotypic variation, emphasize the need for emerging high throughput genotyping and sequencing techniques to correctly reconstruct gene chimeras and other complex polymorphisms.
A similarity analysis of curves

The authors propose a method for comparing two samples of curves. The notion of similarity between two curves is the basis of three statistics they suggest for testing the null hypothesis of no difference between the two groups. They exploit standard tools from functional data analysis to preprocess the observed curves and use the permutation distribution under the null hypothesis to obtain p-values for their tests. They explore the operating characteristics of these tests through simulations and as an application, compare the ganglioside distribution in brain tissue between old and young rats. Une analyse de la similitude entre des courbes Les auteurs proposent une methode de comparaison de deux echantillons de courbes. Us s'ap-puient sur la notion de similitude entre deux courbes pour suggerer trois statistiques permettant de tester 1' hypothese nulle d' absence de difference entre les deux groupes. Ils font appel a des outils standard d' ana-lyse des donnees fonctionnelles pour preconditionner les courbes observees et ont recours a une technique de permutation pour determiner le seuil observe de leurs tests. Ils explorent les caracteristiques operation-nelles de ces tests par voie de simulation et a titre d' exemple, s' en servent pour comparer la distribution de la gangliosidose dans les tissus cerebraux de deux groupes de rats d' ǎges distincts.
Tailoring the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC), dielectric loss and capacitance density with ceramic-polymer nanocomposites for RF applications

High-K inorganic materials generally show high loss or high TCC or both, making them unsuitable for RF capacitor applications where high Q, tolerance and thermal stability are critical. Most polymers do not have the required total set of attributes, making it extremely challenging to integrate high-performance RF thin film capacitors in organic packages and boards. In this paper, we demonstrate a strategy to tailor the properties of polymeric composite materials and satisfy all the RF capacitor requirements. With this strategy, it is feasible to meet low TCC and low loss while increasing the capacitance density or permittivity to miniaturize RF components.
Biological correlates of extinction and persistence of primates in small forest fragments: a global analysis.

Habitat loss and fragmentation are two of the main threats facing wildlife. The species at risk in small fragments are not a random subset of the original community. Understanding the biology behind the distinction between species at risk and more persistent species should help inform conservation efforts. We attempted to identify risky traits in a well-known taxon, the primates, by asking which traits distinguished taxa that differed in the size of the smallest fragment in which they were recorded. We assumed that taxa that could persist in smaller fragments were at less risk of extinction than those that needed larger fragments. The traits investigated are indicative of amount of habitat needed, reproductive rate, and specialization. We obtained from the literature information on the presence-absence of 68 primate species of 36 genera in forest fragments of less than 100 km 2 . Association between size of smallest fragment and biology was tested with regressions, Spearman correlations, two-sample t tests, and non-parametric Wilcoxon tests. We found no significant relationships between area of smallest fragment in which species or genera persisted and any of the biological parameters. We suggest that the most likely explanation for this unexpected finding is that the smallest fragments in which primates are currently studied are usually so small that all primate species in them are doomed in the long-term and therefore, no biological traits distinguish taxa at risk. The finding implies that conservation research and efforts should be directed at assessing the efficacy of forest fragments and small biological preserves in conserving primate species.
Crisis communication put to the test: the case of two airlines on 9/11

The events of September 11, 2001, provide enough case material for hundreds of cases that are applicable in Technical and Professional Communication courses. I developed the case described in this article to give students a real-world look at how corporations communicate in a crisis-in this case, a crisis of extraordinary proportions. The foundation for the case is the public communication via press releases from American Airlines and United Airlines via their press releases within the 24 hours following the first plane's crash into the World Trade Center. The activities provided allow students to produce appropriate corporate communication, in this case, press releases, using the details of the situation. They also provide a variety of ways to use crisis-response strategies, such as Coombs', to analyze, critique, compare and contrast how each airline constructed the messages it conveyed on this fateful day. This case study demonstrates how crucial each word of a message can be and allows students to reach concrete decisions about why a crisis-response plan, along with the accompanying crisis-response strategies and the resulting communication products are essential for any corporation.
Palaeomagnetism of Cretaceous Dikes from Jamaica

Summary In order to contribute to resolution of hypotheses involving the tectonic history of the central Caribbean, a palaeomagnetic survey has been carried out on a series of Cretaceous dikes from the Central Inlier of Jamaica. The magnetic properties of the dikes, which are basalt, andesite, trachyandesite, and hornblende-andesite in composition, are variable but are generally dominated by low oxidation state titanomagnetites. This has caused some difficulty in defining a stable direction of magnetization. Nevertheless, two distinct palaeomagnetic groups are recognized: eleven dikes possess virtual geomagnetic poles (VGP) which when averaged are indistinguishable from the previously-defined North American Cretaceous pole position, and four other dikes recorded closely-grouped equatorial VGP. Both groups contain polarity differences. The favoured interpretation is that Jamaica has not rotated significantly about a vertical axis since the Cretaceous, and for a limited period the regional geomagnetic field behaviour resulted in low latitude virtual geomagnetic poles, similar to previously described geomagnetic activity detected in Tertiary lavas of Hawaii, Alaska, Oregon, and Iceland.
Proton Extraction and Transport for Pbar Production in Tevatron I

The design, fabrication, and commissioning of the extraction and beam transport systems required for pbar production for the FNAL Antiproton Source will be described. The extraction system utilizes a fast kicker and Lambertson septum magnets to extract in a single turn one booster batch of 120 GeV protons from the FNAL Main Ring. The extracted beam is transported a distance of 174 m by a beam transport system consisting of 12 dipoles and 14 quadrupoles. The last 8 quadrupoles are configured as 4 pairs which focus the beam to a small round spot (radius 0.4 mm) on a pbar production target. The extraction channel is also designed to inject 8 GeV cooled pbars from the Accumulator Ring into the Main Ring, or extract 8 GeV protons from the Main Ring for diagnostic and tune-up work in the Antiproton Source beam lines and rings.
Cost-effectiveness of transabdominal ultrasound for cervical length screening for preterm birth prevention.

Objective Transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) cervical length (CL) screening has been proposed as an alternative to universal transvaginal screening to identify women at an increased risk of preterm birth. We sought to identify whether and under what circumstances TAUS would be cost-effective. Study Design This is a decision analytic model designed to compare an initial TAUS CL screening approach with universal transvaginal screening in a hypothetical cohort of women with a singleton pregnancy. Cost, probability, and utility estimates were derived from the existing literature. Results Under baseline assumptions, universal transvaginal was the dominant strategy. In comparison to TAUS, universal transvaginal CL screening reduced preterm birth by 0.03%, reduced costs by $1.2 million and increased quality-adjusted life years by 70 per 100,000 women. Although robust to many changes in many estimates, the model was sensitive to the cost of a transvaginal ultrasound, the prevalence of a short cervix and the test characteristics (ie, sensitivity and specificity) of a TAUS screening examination for short CL. Conclusion Compared with an initial TAUS screen, universal transvaginal ultrasound was a more cost-effective strategy under most assumptions. Optimizing TAUS testing characteristics or applying a transabdominal screening strategy in lower risk populations may yield an initial TAUS to be cost-effective.
Thermal structure of clean and contaminated free-surfaces subject to an impinging gas jet

The thermal structure of clean and contaminated free-surfaces subject to the transient flow of a gas jet were investigated experimentally. The interface and near-surface flow were examined using optical high-speed (HS) motion analysis, infrared (IR) imagery, and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). IR imagery revealed an instability in the form of thermal scars on the expanding circular surfactant front. The nature of this instability was explored by performing experiments with both clean and contaminated surfaces. LIF visualization techniques were used to gain insight into the nature of the near-surface flow field. This revealed the presence of a vortex ring that underwent an instability in which ringlets surrounded the primary core. Using simultaneous IR/LIF imaging of a fixed spatial region, it is shown that the thermal scars are spatially and temporally correlated with the near-surface ringlet structures, suggesting that the scars are a surface manifestation of the near-surface structures.
Prognostic Value of p16 in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Study Based on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 9202

Purpose Deregulation of the retinoblastoma (RB) pathway is commonly found in virtually all known human tumors. p16, the upstream regulator of RB, is among the most commonly affected member of this pathway. In the present study, we examined the prognostic value of p16 expression in men with locally advanced prostate cancer who were enrolled on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 9202. Patients and Methods RTOG 9202 was a phase III randomized study comparing long-term (LT) versus short-term (ST) androgen-deprivation therapy (AD). Of the 1,514 eligible cases, 612 patients had adequate tumor material for p16 analysis. Expression levels of p16 were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC staining was scored quantitatively using an image analysis system. Results On multivariate analysis, intact p16 expression was significantly associated with decreased rate of distant metastases (P = .0332) when both STAD and LTAD treatment arms were considered together. For patients with intact (high levels of immu...
Transport of light in tissue in photodynamic therapy.

The dose rate in photodynamic therapy is proportional to the energy fluence rate and the concentration of the photosensitizer. Calculations of the energy fluence rate have been performed in slab, cylindrical and spherical geometries with the discrete ordinates transport method and diffusion theory. The attentuation of the energy fluence rate is least in slab geometry and greatest in spherical geometry. Violet (405 nm) light is attenuated much more rapidly than red (630 nm) light. Small tissue dimensions or narrow beam irradiation further decrease the energy fluence rate with radius and depth. Anisotropic scattering increases the energy fluence rate at large depths, but decreases it near the source. Measurements of the absolute energy fluence rate vs depth in a mouse tumor model exhibit an order of magnitude attenuation through the skin and a 3 mm thick tumor. Calculations of the energy fluence rate of the DHE fluorescence have been carried out to guide measurement of the concentration. Violet light excitation is much more efficient than red light excitation.
223) Retrospective Study of Efficacy of Tizanidine in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

Over the last 3 years, we evaluated the efficacy of tizanidine (Zanaflex®, Elan Pharmaceuticals), a central alpha-2 agonist FDA-approved antispastic agent, in 430 patients (66% female, 34% male) with a variety of chronic pain syndromes (chronic daily headache-6%, complex regional pain syndrome 1–6%, failed back surgery syndrome-9%, fibromyalgia-7%, migraine headache-5%, myofascial pain-27%, non operated spine pathology-33%[discogenic disease-27%, spondylosis-6%], and osteoarthritis-7%). Tizanidine has shown a dose-dependent antinociceptive activity presumably due to decreased release of substance P and reduction in excitatory amino acid activity at the spinal level [1]. During the study, 652 patients were prescribed tizanidine, but only 430 patients' records were sufficiently complete for review or were reachable by telephone for questionnaire completion. Of the 430, 284 (66.1%) continue to use tizanidine noting at least a moderate effect in reducing their symptoms with 35%, 48%, and 55% of the 430 study patients feeling that tizanidine provided significant (greater than 70%) improvement in pain, associated muscle spasm or myofascial pain component, and associated sleep disturbance, respectively. Tizanidine appeared to be equally effective across all chronic pain conditions represented in the study sample. Nearly half of the patients use a single q.h.s. dose (2–8 mg) of tizanidine and almost all of the remainder take more than half of their daily dose at night (4–12 mg) with smaller day time doses to reduce sedation (ranges 6–24 mg/d). Sixty-two (14.4%) of the patients discontinued the drug due to side effects: sedation (31 patients-50%) nausea/cramps/gastrointestinal upset (9–14.5%), confusion (5–8%), irritableness (4–6.6%), headache (3–4.8%), dizziness (2–3.3%), insomnia (2–3.3%), and paresthesias, flushed sensation, urinary retention and itching (1 each-1.6%). The majority who discontinued the drug due to sedation were those in whom early daytime dose titrations were used. Discontinuation due to sedation became almost nonexistent using a dosing schedule starting at 2 mg q.h.s. and increasing in 2 mg increments every few days up to 8–12 mg at night before introducing lower daytime doses. Eighty-four patients (19.5%) felt that the drug was poorly effective (less than 20% improvement) in reducing their symptoms. Of these patients, almost all stopped the drug at a daily dose of 4–12 mg and were unwilling to continue on it due to perceived lack of effect (12.5%) or cost compared with benefit (7%).
Bilateral undescended ovaries: association with infertility and treatment with IVF

Abstract Objective: To describe the clinical findings in a patient with bilateral undescended ovaries and infertility who was successfully treated by IVF. Design: Case report. Setting: University hospital. Patient(s): A 35-year-old woman with bilateral undescended ovaries. Intervention(s): Hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy, and an IVF cycle. Main Outcome Measure(s): Anatomic description and pregnancy test. Result(s): This patient conceived and delivered a twin gestation after laparoscopic retrieval of oocytes and transfer of two blastocysts. Conclusion(s): Bilateral undescended ovaries is a rare condition that can be associated with infertility but can be successfully treated by IVF.
A sensor-zone hierarchical topology for multi-robot exploration

Distributed computing is becoming more prevalent in engineering today. Multi-robot systems are simply an extension of that, not only dividing the computing power, but also the physical capabilities among multiple robots. This paper serves as a proof of concept investigation into a sensor-zone hierarchical topology by assessing its ability to autonomously explore an unknown area. This goal was approached by designing a three-tier robotic hierarchy as well as developing the concept of abstract robot sensor zones. Experiments were conducted by modifying the total number of robots in the system using a custom built simulation and experimentally verified using custom fabricated mobile robots. Results showed that different combinations of robots can yield positive results for heterogeneous multi-robot systems, allowing computational and physical resources to be tailored to specific scenarios.
Clearing the Political Thicket: Why Political Gerrymandering for Partisan Advantage is Unconstitutional

A corrosive concept has infected the roots of our democracy. This insidious notion, which has eluded judicial grasp, is that legislators may constitutionally draw electoral districts for the purpose of securing their own victory (“incumbency advantage”) or the victory of their party (“political advantage”). Political gerrymandering is popularly perceived as being disreputable but legal. This is only half-true. The Supreme Court has explicitly recognized that political gerrymandering may offend constitutional principles. Unfortunately, it has failed to articulate when this is the case and why. This Article seeks to answer those questions.A careful reading of Supreme Court precedent exposes that electoral advantage is not a legitimate state interest. Those who claim legal cover to pursue political gain through the redistricting process have ignored three critical distinctions. These conceptual snares have spawned a set of false premises that this Article aims to elucidate and dispel: (1) the assumption that legislators’ personal considerations are synonymous with the legislature’s state interests; (2) the assumption that the constitutionality of political gerrymandering turns on the degree of “political interest” sought rather than the type of “political interest” sought; and (3) the assumption that there is one political gerrymandering offense rather than two: dilution and sorting.This Article canvasses the history of redistricting case law and provides precedential authority for judges and litigants alike to identify and uproot the nettlesome notions that have plagued political gerrymandering claims to date. Naming these misconceptions points a way out of the wilderness and cuts a clear course through the political thicket. The Article proceeds as follows: Part I surveys the background and current state of redistricting law; Part II explores the analytical pitfalls that have plagued political gerrymandering claims to date; and Part III proposes a path for pursuing such claims going forward.
Isolation of Iron(II) Aqua and Hydroxyl Complexes Featuring a Tripodal H-bond Donor and Acceptor Ligand

A tripodal ligand platform, tris(5-cycloiminopyrrol-2-ylmethyl)amine (H3[N(piCy)3]), that features a hydrogen bond-accepting secondary coordination sphere when bound anionically to an iron center is reported. Neutral coordination to iron affords ligand tautomerization, resulting in a hydrogen bond-donating secondary coordination sphere, and formation of the tris(5-cyclohexyl-amineazafulvene-2-methyl)amine, H3[N(afaCy)3], scaffold. Both binding motifs result in formation of stable, high-spin iron(II) complexes featuring ancillary water, triflate, or hydroxo ligands. Structural analysis reveals that these complexes exhibit distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometries with coordination of the apical nitrogen to iron as well as three equatorial amine or imine nitrogens, depending on the axial ancillary ligand. Formation of the aqua complex K[(N(piCy)3)Fe(OH2)] (3) illustrated the propensity of the ligand to be hydrogen bond-accepting, whereas the iron triflate species [N(afaCy)3Fe](OTf)2 (4) features a hydrogen ...
Global Optimization of the Stage-wise Superstructure Model for Heat Exchanger Networks

We modify our recently introduced bound contraction methodology for global optimization of bilinear MINLP models1 to solve the stage-wise superstructure model for heat exchanger networks.2 Because the problem has nonlinearities that are not bilinear or quadratic instead of converting the problem into a fully quadratic one, which would add much more variables and equations, we use a different relaxation approach that takes advantage of monotonicity. Aside from the original bound contraction method, we also use branch and bound combined with bound contraction at each node.
Threat or opportunity

A major ruling by the Indian Supreme Court struck down patent protection for Gleevec, an anti-cancer drug made by Novatis, on the grounds that the drug was a slightly modified version of the previous molecule. The court ruling strikes a blow against the practice of evergreening , where patents are
The surgical management of cephalalgia.

Purpose of review Management of headache disorders is not part of most craniomaxillofacial surgery practices; however there are certain indications for surgical management of headaches by the craniomaxillofacial surgeon. Recent findings Migraine headaches are the most amenable to surgical management and while the exact mechanism of migraine is unknown, a central or peripheral trigger such as compressive neuropathy of trigeminal nerve branches leading to neurogenic inflammation has been suggested. The primary management for episodic migraine headache should be lifestyle modification and medication, whereas for chronic migraine (>15 headache days/month) use of medication and botulinum neurotoxin is effective, whereas some patients may choose to explore surgical options. Trigger site decompression for chronic migraine surgically relieves anatomic impingement at various sites and has been shown to reduce by at least 50% the frequency, intensity, and duration of headaches in over 85% and elimination of headaches in almost 60%. Trigger points may also lead to exacerbation of cluster headaches and treatment with botulinum neurotoxin may reduce attacks. Summary Trigger site decompression is an effective treatment for chronic migraine, as are botulinum neurotoxin injections in reducing attacks in cluster headaches. The craniomaxillofacial surgeon is uniquely qualified to treat these primary headache disorders.
Research for Connection Method of Audio Device in Bluetooth Authentication

As a telecommunication protocol,Bluetooth wireless technology ensures communication compatibility worldwide.Any products used Bluetooth technology are just able to pass BQB test to guarantee compatibility with other Bluetooth equipment in the market.At present,the connection method of audio device has some problems in Bluetooth authentication.In view of this question,this article proposes one new connection method.Compared with the existing technology,the method can pass BQB test and can ensure that the commercial equipment properly connected,at the same time can ensure the users have simple operations.
Accurate eye center localization using Snakuscule

Estimating eye centers is an important computer vision problem with several applications. In the past, eye center localization was constrained by the use of special hardware such as infrared cameras. Methods that estimate eye centers based on visible light have also been suggested in the literature, but these methods are inaccurate when used with low resolution images and wide ranges of lighting. We propose a novel method that can be used to detect eye centers efficiently, even with low resolution images provided by a webcam. Our method takes into consideration the circular nature of the iris and its intensity difference as compared to the sclera. It then uses an energy based active contour called Snakuscule for capturing the iris. We test our algorithm's robustness towards changes in pose, illumination and scale using the BioID database and Yale Face Database B. Our method compares well with existing state-of-the-art techniques in terms of accuracy, is easy to implement and exhibits real-time performance.
Human follicular fluid stimulates hyperactivated motility in human sperm.

Since human follicular fluid (FF) is known to enhance the acrosome reaction and capacitation, we investigated whether hyperactivated motility is stimulated by FF. Follicular fluid-treated sperm exhibited a threefold increase in hyperactivation compared with the controls. The use of fetal cord serum in the medium, instead of bovine serum albumin, supported the same high levels of hyper activation, although the peak occurred at 3 hours rather than 5 hours of capacitation. When sperm were treated with a steroid-rich fraction of the FF, hyperactivation was stimulated to the same degree as with whole FF. In contrast, no stimulation occurred when sperm were treated with a FF fraction stripped of steroids. The FF enhancement of hyperactivation in vitro could augment the fertilizing capacity of subfertile sperm samples, providing also a glimpse of possible in vivo events as sperm traverse the FF-laden cumulus oophorus.
Characterization of obesity rates for dermatologic ambulatory office visits to United States physicians

AbstractBackground: Obesity continues to increase in the United States (US) and elsewhere, with a number of published dermatologic associations. The purpose of this study was to characterize obesity among US office visits for dermatologic diseases.Methods: Data from the 2005 to 2011 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) were searched for the most common dermatologic diagnoses for which body mass index (BMI) could be classified.Results: For all dermatologic patient visits, 10% were underweight, 36.5% were normal weight, 23.8% were overweight and 29.7% were obese. Increasing age predicted the yearly increased likelihood of obesity (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01, 1.02; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression controlling for age, sex, race and dataset found that in addition to age, NHAMCS dermatologic diagnosis patients were more likely to be obese than NAMCS patients (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.03, 1.45; p = 0.02). Specific diseases were found to have the highes...
Space Environmentalism, Property Rights, and the Law

A considerable body of academic literature exists on the subject of space law, despite the fact that very few human beings have ever been to outer space, and substantial presence beyond the earth’s orbit still seems to be in the rather distant future. Among those proposing detailed, centralized regulatory regimes for a realm that so far has little, if any, need for them are anti-market environmentalists who, not content to attend merely to the earth’s pollution problems, are concerned about the possible future pollution of the moon and other celestial bodies such as Mars. This article considers the ideas of these individuals—whom we will call socialist space environmentalists—and rejects them.
Adult and Youth Involvement in Gun-Related Crime: Implications for Gun Violence Prevention Interventions

The purpose of this study is to assess whether distinct targeted violence prevention programs are needed to address gun violence based on offender age. Police incident reports were used to analyze the temporal, situational, and spatial patterns of offending between a group of adult and youthful offenders in the city of Detroit, Michigan. Chi-square and logistic regression multivariate techniques were used to test the differences and similarities between these groups. The findings suggest that youth and adult offenders of gun crimes in Detroit are not significantly different in the time or place in which they offend. Only modest differences were observed in terms of situational characteristics. The most significant differences between youth and adult offenders involved the age of their victim and the presence of co-offenders. Policy implications are discussed.
Overview of motor neuron disease: Classification and nomenclature

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although a disease that has been well recognized for nearly 150 years, still causes problems of diagnosis and management, as there is no definitive diagnostic test, and the disease is pleomorphic. Research criteria were developed for the categorization of definite, probable, and possible ALS at the El Escorial Workshop (published in 1994). The principal features are upper and lower motor neuron signs at several levels of the neuraxis, without involvement of other neurological systems. Separation of ALS or motor neuron disease (MND) from the spinal muscular atrophies or hereditary spastic paraplegia can be difficult. The relatively rapid progression to death in an average of 5 years is one of the hallmarks of ALS. However, some cases are relatively more benign. The recent finding that mutations of the SOD1 gene underlie about 20% of familial cases of ALS has allowed the recognition that all phenotypes can occur in different members of the same family with the same mutation, clarifying earlier suggestions that different phenotypes represent different diseases. Until the cause and cure of ALS are found, neurologists and rehabilitation specialists must continue to provide essential support for patients with this devastating disease.
A place we call home: Gender, race, and justice in Syracuse

In A Place We Call Home: Gender, Race, and Justice in Syracuse, K. Animashaun Ducre adds to the current literature on Black feminist epistemology by combining community mapping and Photovoice metho...
Prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans-the realization of a hope?

See Related Article, page 138 Bronchiolitis obliterans is a small airway disease triggered by injury of small airway epithelial cells and sub-epithelial structures, followed by an abnormal healing response with excessive fibrosis that constricts the airways. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a frequent and disabling complication after lung transplantation, occurring in 450% of lung transplant recipients within 5 years of the transplant. Current treatments are only partially effective and include increasing immunosuppression and administering low-dose macrolide antibiotics, leukotriene-receptor antagonists and combinations of inhaled bronchodilators and glucocorticoids. Because of the multiplicity of mechanisms causing the initial lesion to the epithelial surfaces of the bronchi, involving both innate and adaptive immunity responding either to allo-antigens or infectious/toxic insults, prevention of the initial lesions may not be possible or feasible in time to prevent the fibrotic response. Thus, bronchiolitis obliterans remains a major cause of graft failure. In this issue, Watanabe et al report that imatinib, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prevents obstruction of the airways in the heterotopic tracheal transplantation animal model of bronchiolitis obliterans. The anti-fibrotic properties of imatinib, were first described by Daniels et al and Aono et al more than 10 years ago. These investigators showed that imatinib decreased fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation through inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor tyrosine kinase and transforming growth factor-beta. A year later, Majhail et al showed that administration of imatinib ameliorated bronchiolitis obliterans in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. More recently, realizing the potential of imatinib to improve the clinical manifestations of bronchiolitis obliterans, Watanabe et al reported imatinib’s efficacy in 2 subjects in preventing
Response by Elgendy et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Outcomes With Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Stent Implantation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials in the Era of Drug-Eluting Stents”

We appreciate the comments of Saad et al on our meta-analysis on intravascular (IVUS)–guided percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES).1 In the United States, the majority of PCI are performed with DES. In an analysis of the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry from 2004 to 2010, DES was utilized in 78% of the total number …
Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Concentrations at Surfaces of Simulated Beef Cattle Bedded Manure Packs

Abstract. Bedding is used in livestock operations to facilitate manure management and provide comfort for the animal. Our research objective was to determine differences in ammonia (NH 3 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and methane (CH 4 ) concentrations from simulated beef cattle bedded manure packs (BP) related to storage length (0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 9 weeks), bedding material (corn stover (CS) or soybean stubble (SB)), and temperature (10°C or 40°C). Bedding, fecal material, and urine were added weekly to 24 laboratory-scale BP (n = 2 per treatment combination). Static flux chamber samples from BP headspace were analyzed for CO 2 , N 2 O, and CH 4 at 0, 24, 46, and 144 h and for NH 3 at 0, 5, 9, 23, 34, 46, and 144 h after weekly manure and bedding addition for three consecutive weeks using a doubly repeated measures design. Ammonia concentrations were three times higher above BP in the Hot chamber (1190 ppm, SE = 47) compared to the Cold chamber (400 ppm, SE = 9). Average concentrations for CO 2 (6033 ppm, SE = 211), CH 4 (42 ppm, SE = 4), and N 2 O (0.61 ppm, SE = 0.05) were approximately twice as high at 40°C as for CO 2 (3902 ppm, SE = 161), CH 4 (21 ppm, SE = 2), and N 2 O (0.39 ppm, SE = 0.03) at 10°C. At 40°C, NH 3 concentrations above CS treatments (1388 ppm, SE = 75) were higher than above SB treatments (992 ppm, SE = 51). Overall, a higher storage temperature increased all gas concentrations. Increases in concentrations with length of storage were detected for CH 4 and CO 2 , while bedding affected NH 3 at 40°C and impacted changes in increase for CH 4 concentrations. These data suggest that seasonal management decisions can impact gas production and release in barns using BP. During hot months, NH 3 , CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O concentrations are expected to increase and when applying CS as the bedding, NH 3 concentrations will likely be higher with CS bedding compared with SB bedding. At temperatures around 10°C, CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations are anticipated to increase with longer storage lengths.
The influence of demographic factors on subjective cognitive concerns and beta-amyloid.

Background: Converging evidence suggests that subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) are associated with biomarker evidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) prior to objective clinical impairment. However, the sensitivity of SCC reports in early AD may be biased by demographic factors. Here, we sought to investigate whether age, education, and sex influence the relationship between SCC and amyloid (Aβ) burden. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined 252 clinically normal (CN) individuals (57.7% females) enrolled in the Harvard Aging Brain Study, ages 63–90 years (mean 73.7±6) with 6–20 years of education (mean 15.8±3). SCC was assessed as a composite score comprising three questionnaires. Cortical Aβ burden was assessed with Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography imaging. A series of linear regression models assessed the potential modifying role of demographic variables with respect to Aβ burden and SCC. A post-hoc mediation model was implemented to further understand the relationship between Aβ burden and SCC via their relationship with education. Results: Age (β = −0.84, p = 0.36) and sex (β = −0.55, p = 0.22) did not modify the relationship between SCC and Aβ burden. Fewer years of education was correlated with greater SCC (r = −0.12, p = 0.05), but the relationship between Aβ burden and SCC was stronger in those with more education (β = 1.16, p < 0.05). A partial mediation effect was found of Aβ burden on SCC via education (b = −0.12, 95% CI [−0.31, −0.02]). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the association between SCC and Aβ burden becomes stronger with greater educational attainment. Thus, SCC may be of particular importance in highly educated CN individuals harboring amyloid pathology.
Making Fabrication Real

Low-cost, easy-to-use 3D printers have promised to empower everyday users with the ability to fabricate physical objects of their own design. While these printers specialize in building objects from scratch, they are innately oblivious to the real world in which the printed objects will be situated and in use. In my thesis research, I develop fabrication techniques with tool integration to enable users to expressively specify how a design can be attached to, augment, adapt, support, or otherwise function with existing real world objects. In this paper, I describe projects to date as well as ongoing work that explores this space of research.
Draft Genome Sequence for a Urinary Isolate of Nosocomiicoccus ampullae.

ABSTRACT A draft genome sequence for a urinary isolate of Nosocomiicoccus ampullae (UMB0853) was investigated. The size of the genome was 1,578,043 bp, with an observed G+C content of 36.1%. Annotation revealed 10 rRNA sequences, 40 tRNA genes, and 1,532 protein-coding sequences. Genome coverage was 727× and consisted of 32 contigs, with an N50 of 109,831 bp.
A Paternalist’s Mistake: Rent Control

Abstract Rent control, to the economically uninitiated, sounds like a good idea. After all, given that poor people spend a disproportionate percentage of their incomes on housing, what policy could possibly be of more help to them than to lower their rents? Profit-seeking landlords can hardly be expected to do so on their own. Their inability to undertake so public-spirited a policy thus constitutes a “market failure,” and only government can ride to the rescue the suffering masses. This at least is the story widely told by journalists, clergy, teachers, etc. The present paper is an attempt to shed some light on the very opposite perspective: that rent controls lower the supply of residential rental housing, and thus hurt the poor, the very people supposedly helped by this unwarranted legislation. Key words: Price control; rent control; housing; profits; shortages. JEL: R31.
Costs, mortality, and hospital usage in relation to prenatal diagnosis in d-transposition of the great arteries.

Background The impact of prenatal diagnosis of d-transposition of the great arteries (dTGA) on health-care usage is largely unknown. We evaluated a population-based cohort to assess costs, mortality and inpatient encounters by whether dTGA was prenatally diagnosed or not. Methods The dTGA cases (born 1997–2011) identified at the Utah Birth Defect Network, which includes data on timing of diagnosis, were linked to statewide inpatient discharge data. We excluded preterm cases or cases with additional major heart defects. We evaluated hospitalizations and costs for infants (first year of life) and mothers (10 months before birth) using multivariable models adjusted for demographic and clinical risk factors. Results Of 119 cases, 14 (12%) were prenatally diagnosed. Birth weight, surgical complexity and extracardiac defects/syndromes were similar between groups. Of 7 deaths (6%), two occurred pre-intervention in postnatally diagnosed infants. Prenatal diagnosis was associated with more in-hospital days (estimate 13 additional days, p = 0.03) and higher mean costs for mothers ($4,141 vs $12,148) and infants (90,419 vs $49,576). Prenatal diagnosis independently predicted higher adjusted costs for the overall cohort ($22,570, p = 0.045). After excluding deaths, total costs were no longer significantly different. Conclusion Mothers of prenatally diagnosed infants with dTGA had higher inpatient costs compared with those postnatally diagnosed. Costs trended higher for their infants, although were not significantly different. Linkage of population-based surveillance systems and outcome databases can be a powerful tool to further explore the complex relationship of prenatal diagnosis to costs and outcomes in other types of congenital heart diseases. Birth Defects Research, 2016. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.