cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emerging content requirements for news products

A l'heure de l'internet, comment les producteurs d'actualites en ligne peuvent-ils augmenter la lisibilite du texte et l'experience educative du lecteur ? Il faut tirer parti de la tendance a la personnalisation des services et tenir compte des contraintes qui pesent sur la comprehension du lecteur pour ameliorer la presentation du texte et lui ajouter de la valeur. Ces nouvelles specifications pour la production de contenus en ligne s'appuient sur des technologies d'analyses de texte et d'extraction d'information mais egalement sur des interventions humaines.
A Simulation System for Evaluating Knowledge Management System (KMS)Implementation Strategies in Small to Mid-Size Enterprises (SME)

Companies create and use information and knowledge every day. The problem all companies have is figuring out how to efficiently discover that knowledge, capture it, share it, and use it to gain competitive advantage in the marketplace. This article describes a simulation model designed to provide small to midsized enterprises (SME) with a means to understand the impact of barriers and value accelerators on the flow of organizational information. The simulation model reports the throughput of information (number of information packets received per day) and its timeliness (average duration until packet arrival) and provides for sensitivity analysis of the parameters describing a strategy. Comparisons among model instantiations allow an organization to determine the appropriate strategy for current and future KMS efforts.
Executive and Organizational Coaching A Review of Insights Drawn From Literature to Inform HRD Practice

The ProblemDiffering perceptions of what constitutes executive coaching core competencies by academic and coach preparation programs, credentialing associations, and practitioners obfuscates clarit...
Influence of interfacial doping with rare earth elements on the magnetic properties of selected Co/Pt multilayers

Abstract Interfacial doping with rare earth (RE) elements was used to alter the magnetic properties of Pt/Co multilayers. An increase in magntocrystalline anisotropy and a decrease in magnetic coercivity were observed. However, strong evidence for coupling of Co and RE moments was not found.
Comparing two strategies of cardiopulmonary bypass cooling on jugular venous oxygen saturation in neonates and infants

Background. Cerebral protection during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is predicated on efficient and complete cerebral cooling. Institutions approach cooling quite differently. We compared two different cooling strategies in terms of measured jugular venous bulb saturations in 39 infants undergoing deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass to evaluate the effect of institutional cooling practices on jugular venous bulb saturation, an indirect measure of cerebral cooling efficiency. Methods. The patients were grouped based on the method of core cooling. In group A (n = 17), core cooling was achieved rapidly by setting the water bath temperature of the heat exchanger at 4° to 5°C, and the patient was cooled until rectal temperature and nasopharyngeal temperature were 15°C or lower. In group B (n = 22), the heat exchanger was initially set at 18°C and slowly lowered to 12°C. Hypothermic temperatures of 12°C were maintained until the nasopharyngeal temperature was 18°C or less and the rectal temperature was 20°C or lower. Once cooling was complete, blood samples were analyzed by cooximetry for determination of arterial oxygen saturation and jugular venous bulb saturation. Results. In group A, the measured jugular venous bulb saturation was 98.0% ± 0.9% and the oxygen saturation to jugular venous bulb saturation difference was 0.3% ± 0.5%, measured at the time that institutional cooling objectives were achieved (total cooling time, 15.0 ± 0.45 minutes). In group B, jugular venous bulb saturation was 86.2% ± 12% and the oxygen saturation to jugular venous bulb saturation difference was 10.8% ± 12.2%, measured at the time that institutional cooling objectives were achieved (total cooling time, 17.5 ± 1.1 minutes) ( p Conclusions. Differences in cardiopulmonary bypass cooling techniques may alter the rate at which jugular bulb saturations rise. We believe this represents an indirect measure of the efficiency of brain cooling and therefore of cerebral protection.
Co-existence of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase immunoreactivity in glomus cells of the cat carotid body

Catecholamines are thought to play an important role in sensory transduction in the arterial chemoreceptors of the mammalian carotid body, and classical cytochemical techniques have demonstrated their presence in the type I (glomus) cells of this organ. However, it remains controversial whether dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) occur in the same or in different subtypes of glomus cells. In the present study, we have addressed this issue using immunocytochemistry to compare the localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) in the cat carotid body. Both pre- and post-embedding double-labelling immunohistochemical techniques were employed. TH and D beta H were found to co-exist in over 90% of the glomus cells, and they were co-localized at equivalent levels in almost 80% of the cells; less than 5% contained only TH. The results suggest that DA and NE are synthesized and stored in a common cell population in the cat carotid body.
Smart friendly liars: Public perception of public relations practitioners over time

Abstract Two national surveys of the U.S. public in 2003 and 2012 asked participants to list words describing public relations practitioners. Analyses reveal that the majority of the words related to practitioner personality and intellectual traits were positive, while the ethical terms used to portray practitioners remained predominately negative over the last decade.
The enzymic dephosphorylation and oxidation of psilocybin and pscilocin by mammalian tissue homogenates

Abstract Incubation of psilocybin with rat kidney homogenates caused a rapid liberation of its -OH congener, psilocin, through the action of alkaline phosphatase. The psilocin thus formed underwent further degradation to form a blue-colored product. This last step appeared to be catalyzed by an oxidative enzyme which was cyanide-sensitive, but not to β-phenylisopropylhydrazine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor; its optimal activity was at pH 9.0. In many respects it resembles the characteristics of a phenolase type enzyme. The distribution of the phosphatase and oxidase enzymes in a number of tissues from several species of animals was also investigated. Psilocybin-dephosphorylating activity was highest in the rat and mouse kidney and the mucosa of the small intestine of guinea pig and rabbit. Oxidase activity was highest in the heart of all species and in the kidney of the rat and mouse. These experiments indicate that possibly in the intact animal psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated and is pharmacologically active as psilocin, while the duration of the effect might be controlled by the oxidation of the latter compound to an o-quinone type of structure.
Modeling the Korean Chonsei Lease Contract

Chonsei is a unique Korean lease contract in which the tenant pays an up–front deposit, typically about 40 to 80% of the value of the property, with no requirement for periodic rent payments. At the contract maturation, the landlord then returns the nominal value of the deposit. Since there is no legal obligation on the part of the landlord to deposit the money in an escrow account, the principal default risk associated with the chonsei contract falls on the tenant. We discuss the development and popularity of this contractual agreement in the context of the public policy initiatives, historical and institutional settings surrounding the Korean housing and housing finance market. We develop a contingent–claims model that recognizes the compound options embedded in the chonsei contract. Theoretical predictions are confirmed by an empirical analysis using monthly data from 1986 to 2000. Our analysis shows that the chonsei contract is an indigenous market response to economic conditions prevalent in Korea.
A PC-based evaluation and control system for gas-liquid chromatography

Abstract A PC-based laboratory data processing system to be applied for gas-liquid chromatography is described. It contains a specially designed multichannel interface for the acquisition of gas chromatographic data from a number of analytic instruments, which is connected via a standard RS-232-adapter to a PC. This interface integrates the incoming signals and thus performs a preprocessing of the data. Based on these integrals, the software implemented in the PC employs novel numerical methods for extracting the parameters of chromatographic peaks from the raw data: the entire chromatographic signal-time-functions are represented by quadratic splines, which considerably reduces the processing expenses, and the baseline corrections are performed with a one-sided L1- approximation scheme.
Reactive oxygen species-mediated breast cell carcinogenesis enhanced by multiple carcinogens and intervened by dietary ergosterol and mimosine

Most breast cancers occur sporadically due to long-term exposure to low-dose carcinogens in the diet and the environment. Specifically, smoke, polluted air, and high-temperature cooked meats comprise multiple carcinogens, such as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). We sought to determine if these carcinogens act together to induce breast cell carcinogenesis, and if so, whether noncytotoxic dietary agents could intervene. We demonstrated that coexposure to physiologically achievable doses of NNK, B[α]P, and PhIP (NBP) holistically enhanced initiation and progression of breast cell carcinogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the ERK pathway were transiently induced by NBP in each exposure, and cross talk between reinforced ROS elevation and ERK activation played an essential role in increased DNA oxidation and damage. After cumulative exposures to NBP, this cross talk contributed to enhanced initiation of cellular carcinogenesis and led to enhanced acquisition of cancer-associated properties. Using NBP-induced transient changes, such as ROS elevation and ERK pathway activation, and cancer-associated properties as targeted endpoints, we revealed, for the first time, that two less-studied dietary compounds, ergosterol and mimosine, at physiologically achievable noncytotoxic levels, were highly effective in intervention of NBP-induced cellular carcinogenesis. Combined ergosterol and mimosine were more effective than individual agents in blocking NBP-induced transient endpoints, including ROS-mediated DNA oxidation, which accounted for their preventive ability to suppress progression of NBP-induced cellular carcinogenesis. Thus, dietary components, such as mushrooms containing ergosterol and legumes containing mimosine, should be considered for affordable prevention of sporadic breast cancer associated with long-term exposure to environmental and dietary carcinogens.
Biologically based sensor fusion for medical imaging

We present an architecture for the fusion of multiple medical image modalities that enhances the original imagery and combines the complimentary information of the various modalities. The design principles follow the organization of the color vision system in humans and primates. Mainly, the design of within- modality enhancement and between-modality combination for fusion is based on the neural connectivity of retina and visual cortex. The architecture is based on a system developed for night vision applications while the first author was at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Results of fusing various modalities are presented, including: a) fusion of T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI images, b) fusion of PD, T1 weighted, and T2-weighted, and c) fusion of SPECT and MRI/CT. The results will demonstrate the ability to fuse such disparate imaging modalities with regard to information content and complimentarities. These results will show how both brightness and color contrast are used in the resulting color fused images to convey information to the user. In addition, we will demonstrate the ability to preserve the high spatial resolution of modalities such as MRI even when combined with poor resolution images such as from SPECT scans. We conclude by motivating the use of the fusion method to derive more powerful image features to be used in segmentation and pattern recognition.
Kinetics of Growth and Antibody Production by a Hybridoma Cell Line in a Perfusion Culture

Abstract A hybridoma cell line, AFP-27, was cultivated in a stirred tank with continuous perfusion. Microfiltration membrane was used to partially retain the cells. Using off-line measurement of glucose concentration the perfusion rate was increased in steps with increasing cell concentration. The specific rates of growth, glucose consumption, and antibody production appear to decrease with time. The need for kinetic models for optimization is discussed.
Unemployment in Ireland: A Review of Psychological Research

In Western Europe, Ireland has emerged as one of the countries most severely affected by unemployment. In the United States and Great Britain, research has shown a significant correlation between higher unemployment rates and poorer psychological health. Joblessness is also associated with higher rates of psychiatric morbidity in Ireland. Working class populations suffer from longer periods of unemployment with more severe consequences for psychological health. Young Irish women are affected psychologically by unemployment. Some youth are particularily vulnerable to the powerful psychological consequences of unemployment. Anger and alienation can lead youth into drug and alcohol abuse, which increases the risk of crime involvement. Ireland’s high youth unemployment appears to have contributed to a spectacular increase in drug and crime problems. In Belfast, Northern Ireland, high unemployment adds to the frustrations embedded in the political conflict.
Planar lattices are lexicographically shellable

The special properties of planar posets have been studied, particularly in the 1970's by I. Rival and others. More recently, the connection between posets, their corresponding polynomial rings and corresponding simplicial complexes has been studied by Stanley and others. This paper, using work of Bjorner, provides a connection between the two bodies of work, by characterizing when planar posets are Cohen-Macaulay. Planar posets are lattices when they contain a greatest and a least element. We show that a finite planar lattice is lexicographically shellable and therefore Cohen-Macaulay iff it is rank-connected.
Integrating complexity of social systems in natural hazards planning: An example from Caracas, Venezuela

In December 1999, days of heavy rain on steep slopes north of Caracas, Venezuela triggered massive mud and debris flows, killing tens of thousands. Partly in response to this disaster, a multidisciplinary team of urban planners and Earth scientists from Columbia University recently developed a framework plan for building disaster resilience into the Venezuelan capital region. After assessing the complex intersection of urban geography with severe seismic and hydrologic hazards, substantial recommendations were made to local and regional authorities on future hazards mitigation. Areas found most at risk in the Caracas region include the transportation and utility infrastructure and the friable building stock of squatter settlements. Recognizing realistic economic and socio-political constraints on implementing change, a prioritized list of goals and activities was constructed, and recommendations made along various time scales. Immediate disaster-avoidance goals (to be completed within 1 to 5 years) include strengthening critical infrastructure nodes, housing stock, and emergency services. More intermediate goals (5 to 10 years) focus on upgrading fragile housing units, creating detailed hazard maps across the city, and incorporating disaster education into cultural activities. Recommended activities for the long term (beyond 10 years) include creating a fully redundant transportation and water delivery network, establishing legitimate land title for squatters, and re-locating critical facilities currently in high-risk areas.
Making Neoliberalism Possible: The State's Organization of Business Support for NAFTA in Mexico

In shifting from nationalist/statist to neoliberal economic policies, states seek out and build alliances with other advocates—especially large capital—and work to disorganize political opponents—including small business. This article examines the politics of the private sector's involvement in trade liberalization in the developing world through a study of Mexico's proposal, negotiation, and ratification of the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The article identifies three instruments that the Mexican state used to construct politically crucial support for NAFTA on the part of domestic business: control over political representation, material concessions to potential critics, and careful strategic framing.
Trends in the Epidemiology of Opportunistic Fungal Infections: Predisposing Factors and the Impact of Antimicrobial Use Practices

In the past decade, the frequency of opportunistic fungal infections has increased, and the spectrum of fungal pathogens has changed. The increasing number of susceptible hosts, the introduction of newer modalities for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the evolution of organ transplantation practices, the use of novel immunosuppressive agents, and current antimicrobial prophylactic strategies have likely contributed to the changing epidemiology of invasive mycoses. The introduction of azoles more than a decade ago has had a profound impact on curtailing candidal infections. However, a dramatic increase in azole-resistant Candida species and mold infections has been documented. The trends in time of onset, spectrum, and frequency of infections due to invasive molds and opportunistic yeasts are unique for different fungi and vary between subsets of immunocompromised hosts. This review discusses the implications of these trends for guiding judicious use of antimicrobial prophylactics and for unraveling the pathophysiological basis of fungal infections.
'One toxicology', 'ecosystem health' and 'one health'.

Summary ‘One Health’ as a discipline links human and veterinary medicine as co‐equal partners in an increasingly efficient joint venture into health promotion and prioritised research. ‘One Toxicology’ is proposed as a way to reunify toxicology as a component of ‘Ecosystem Health’ and the encompassing ‘One Health’. Ecotoxicology, which includes wild animal, plant and microbial communities, is a critical component of ‘Ecosystem Health’. ‘One Toxicology’ is proposed to help hold toxicological sciences together and maintain intimate connections to medicine in general. ‘One Toxicology’ is efficient because bio‐chemical systems are highly conserved and, thus, when one group of species is at risk, other groups of species are also often at risk. Fortunately, in the case of toxicological risk, problems can be avoided, because humans can minimise exposures. Historically, human health has benefited immensely from studies of the impacts of chemicals on laboratory animals and wildlife. Similarly, veterinarians and wildlife managers have learned from careless or accidental poisonings of humans to protect the health of both domestic and wild animals. Yet, newly discovered emerging toxicoses abound, and well‐known toxicoses persist – to the detriment of all life forms, including our own. Thus, in the ‘One Toxicology’ of the future, disciplinary boundaries should more rapidly blur. If this is done well, physicians, various public health specialists, veterinarians of many disciplines, wildlife health specialists, ecologists and an array of toxicologists will share and rely upon disparate sources of information with increasing efficiency to facilitate diagnosis and management of poisoning; to prevent unwanted, unwise, and unnecessary toxic injury to human, animal, plant, and microbial components of biodiversity; to decrease nutrients available that enable toxigenic species; and to prevent releases of chemical contaminants that indirectly set the stage for infectious diseases.
Epistemology without metaphysics

The paper outlines a view of normativity that combines elements of relativism and expressivism, and applies it to normative concepts in epistemology. The result is a kind of epistemological anti-realism, which denies that epistemic norms can be (in any straightforward sense) correct or incorrect; it does allow some to be better than others, but takes this to be goal-relative and is skeptical of the existence of best norms. It discusses the circularity that arises from the fact that we need to use epistemic norms to gather the facts with which to evaluate epistemic norms; relatedly, it discusses how epistemic norms can rationally evolve. It concludes with some discussion of the impact of this view on “ground level” epistemology.
Utopia and disenchantment in Claudio Magris’s Alla cieca

This essay analyses Claudio Magris’s novel Alla cieca (2005; Blindly, 2010) vis-a-vis the crisis of the postmodern novel in the new millennium. It begins by emphasizing the sense of discontent with...
Juveniles of the stegosaurian dinosaur Stegosaurus from the Upper Jurassic of North America

ABSTRACT Two partial skeletons of juvenile individuals of Stegosaurus with estimated body lengths of about 1.5 m (5 ft) and 2.6 m (8.5 ft) are described from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Utah and Wyoming. These juveniles differ from adults in the absence of fusion in composite bones (sacrum, scapulocoracoid, tibia–fibula–astragalus–calcaneum), the smoothness of the surface of the bones, the smaller size of ridges for muscular attachment, a proportionally more slender and elongate scapula, the relatively small size of the olecranon process of the ulna and the head of the femur, and the possible absence of dermal plates (but tail spines were present). Apart from the ratios of the length of the femur to those of the humerus and ilium, and the form of the scapula, ilium and fibula, the bones of juvenile individuals of Stegosaurus are very similar to those of juvenile individuals of the stegosaur Kentrosaurus (Upper Jurassic, East Africa). A probable sexual dimorphism in the sacrum with either fo...
Spectra of short-term fluctuations of line-of-sight signals: Electromagnetic and acoustic

Theoretical expressions for the spectral density of amplitude, amplitude-difference, and phase-difference fluctuations of waves propagating over a line-of-sight path in a weakly scattering turbulent medium are derived. Experimental observations made at radio (35 GHz) and acoustic (3 kHz) frequencies are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions under a variety of meteorological conditions. Comparison of experimental and theoretical spectra yields a measure of the average across-the-path wind velocity and the average refractive-index structure constant Cn. In general, wind speeds and refractive-index structure constants inferred from simultaneous meteorological measurements agree with those obtained from propagation data.
Using Neutron Stars and Black Holes in X-Ray Binaries to Probe Strong Gravitational Fields

Neutron stars and black holes can be studied by observation of the radiation produced as matter falls into their gravitational fields. X-ray binaries, which are systems consisting of a neutron star or black hole and a companion gaseous star, produce radiation in this manner. Recently, oscillations at frequencies near 1000 cycles per second have been detected from x-ray binaries. These oscillations are likely produced in regions of very strong gravitational fields within a few tens of kilometers of the compact star. The oscillations have been interpreted as evidence for the existence of an innermost stable orbit near a compact star, a key prediction of general relativity theory. The study of x-ray binaries has also advanced the search for definitive evidence of black holes. Recent developments in our understanding of accretion flows in x-ray binaries have provided evidence for the existence of event horizons in x-ray binaries thought to contain black holes.
The "Flow Experience" in Solitary Ordeals:

Csikszentmihalyi's (1975) concept of the "flow experience" describes a significant coping mechanism for people undergoing solitary ordeals. In fact, limited, confined, and spartan circumstances can be well-suited for the creation of flow experiences for those "nonself-conscious" individuals who do not dwell on themselves but, instead, try actively to become caught up in experiences in their limited worlds. Perhaps the problem many have in coping with adversity today is that they have such heightened awareness and concern with themselves as recipients of life's events rather than as agents that they are victims-in-potentia, inclined to be "hassled" rather than challenged by life's ordinary difficulties, including the widespread problem of loneliness.
Grammars and the community

The audience for a grammatical description is an important consideration for anyone involved in descriptive linguistics. Potential grammar users include linguists, the interested public, and members of the communities in which the language is spoken. An awareness of the target audiences is necessary in shaping the grammar to meet varying needs. It might, for example, affect the choice of topics to be discussed, the organization and style of the presentation, the depth of detail to include, the use of technical terminology, and the nature of exemplification. It is not yet clear whether one grammar can serve all potential audiences and purposes. Whether it can or not, however, there is a good chance that any grammar will eventually be pressed into service for more than one. This paper offers some suggestions based on the author's experience with Mohawk communities situated in Quebec, Ontario, and New York State.
Scalable integrated region-based image retrieval using IRM and statistical clustering

Statistical clustering is critical in designing scalable image retriev al systems. In this paper, we present a scalable algorithm for indexing and retrieving images based on region segmentation. The method uses statistical clustering on region features and IRM (Integrated Region Matching), a measure developed to evaluate overall similarity between images that incorporates properties of all the regions in the images by a region-matching scheme. Compared with retrieval based on individual regions, our overall similarity approach (a) reduces the influence of inaccurate segmentation, (b) helps to clarify the semantics of a particular region, and (c) enables a simple querying interface for region-based image retrieval systems. The algorithm has been implemented as a part of our experimental SIMPLIcity image retrieval system and tested on large-scale image databases of both general-purpose images and pathology slides. Experiments have demonstrated that this technique maintains the accuracy and robustness of the original system while reducing the matching time significantly.
Effect of Li on the catalytic activity of MgO for the synthesis of flavanone

Abstract We have investigated the effects of Li on the structure, surface basicity and catalytic activity of MgO for the synthesis of flavanone. Introduction of low amounts of Li (i.e., ≤0.1 wt.%) was found to promote the rate of the Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction, which is the first step in this process. However, at Li loadings above 0.1 wt.% a detrimental effect was observed, due to a concomitant decrease in surface area and increase in MgO crystallite size. A strong correlation was observed between surface-normalized basicity and catalytic activity. The increase in activity at higher levels of surface basicity can be attributed to the increased ability of Li–O− pairs to abstract a proton from the 2′-hydroxyacetophenone reactant, thus facilitating the adsorption and subsequent surface reactions of this molecule.
(Z)-2-(1H-Indol-3-ylmethylene)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one.

The title compound, C16H16N2O, which contains a double bond connecting an aza­bicyclic ring system to an indol-3-ylmethyl­ene group, crystallizes from a solution in ethyl acetate. The geometries of the two crystallographically independent mol­ecules are nearly identical. The crystal packing of the title compound involves two types of intermolecular hydrogen bond.
High‐Performance Ultra‐light Nuclear Rockets for Near‐Earth Objects Interaction Missions

: The performance capabilities and technology features of ultra compact nuclear thermal rockets based on very high power density (30 Megawatts per liter) fuel elements are described. Nuclear rockets appear particularly attractive for carrying out missions to investigate or intercept near-Earth objects (NEOs) that potentially could impact on the Earth. Many of these NEO threats, whether asteroids or comets, have extremely high closing velocities, i.e., tens of kilometers per second relative to the Earth. Nuclear rockets using hydrogen propellant enable flight velocities 2 to 3 times those achievable with chemical rockets, allowing interaction with a potential NEO threat at a much shorter time, and at much greater range. Two versions of an ultra compact nuclear rocket based on very high heat transfer rates are described: the PBR (Particle Bed Reactor), which has undergone substantial hardware development effort, and MITEE (MIniature ReacTor EnginE) which is a design derivative of the PBR. Nominal performance capabilities for the PBR are: thermal power ≃1000 MW thrust ≃45,000 lbsf, and weight ≃500 kg. For MITEE, nominal capabilities are: thermal power 100 MW; thrust ≃4500 lbsf, and weight ≃50 kg. Development of operational PBR/MITEE systems would enable spacecraft launched from LEO (low-Earth orbit) to investigate intercept NEO's at a range of ∼100 million kilometers in times of ∼30 days.
Distortion of Rectangular Tubes in Stretch Bending

During stretch bending, considerable in-plane distortion occurs when a thin-walled rectangular tube is plastically bent. To minimize the distortion, fixed walls are used to limit the bulging of the side walls of the tube. Internal pressure can also be used to compensate for distortion. In this paper, analytical expressions for the amount of distortion and the needed internal pressure are derived based on energy minimization. The theory is in fairly good agreement with experiments.
Observation of Charge Transfer Complex Orientational Phase Transitions by Means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the ∼200 K order-disorder phase transition of anthracene-h10:tetracyanobenzene and anthracene-d10:tetracyanobenzene charge transfer complexes. It was shown that the technique is sufficiently sensitive to monitor the temperature of transition and to study the transition via the infrared active internal vibrational modes.
Asia Studies and the Discipline

I begin with three general points about the relationship of area studies to political science, before turning to the specific contributions that Asia and China studies have made in advancing knowledge in political science.
718 Infant Feeding Following Gastroschisis Repair

Background and Aims Establishment of enteral feeding is crucial in gastroschisis. Breastmilk may be protective against early complications. Mothers are counselled by breast feeding advisors in our institution. We reviewed initial and discharge feed in a cohort of simple and complex cases. Methods Retrospective analysis of feeding outcomes in 46 patients between August 2008 and Jan 2012 in a single centre. Complex cases were defined as those with closed gastroschsisis, bowel atresia, perforation, obstruction or necrosis, stoma or necrotising enterocolitis. Results Maternal milk (MEBM) was initiated in 42 (91%) infants. MEBM and donor breast milk for 2(4.5%) and specialised formula(SF) for 2(4.5%). Discharge feed was all or part breast milk in 78% of the SG group versus 20% in the CG, p=0.0001. It was breast milk exclusively in 52% of the SG group versus 7% of the CG, p=0.0025. Median days to full feeds were 16 in the SG versus 67 in the CG, p Conclusions CG cases were less likely to be receiving any breast milk on discharge. This has implications for medical and parental expectations of potential outcome.
Discoveries in peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Abstract The past decade has seen remarkable gains for outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the USA and many other countries, including the high-incidence areas of Haiti and South Africa. This review article emphasizes the importance of continuing the process of increasing awareness of PPCM and presents details of this evolving picture, including important discoveries that point the way to full recovery for almost all PPCM subjects. In addition, new interventions will be highlighted, which may facilitate recovery. Numerous studies have demonstrated that when the diagnosis of PPCM is made with LVEF > 0.30, the probability is that recovery to LVEF ≥ 0.50 will occur in the overwhelming majority of subjects. PPCM patients diagnosed with severely depressed systolic function (LVEF
Glutamate is not a messenger in insulin secretion.

Experiments do not support a recent claim that glutamate formed from the amination of citric acid cycle-derived α-ketoglutarate is a messenger in glucose-induced insulin secretion (Maechler, P., and Wollheim, C. (1999) Nature 402, 685–689). Glucose, leucine, succinic acid methyl ester, and α-ketoisocaproic acid all markedly stimulate insulin release but do not increase glutamate levels in pancreatic islets. Increasing the intracellular glutamate levels to 10-fold higher than basal levels by adding glutamine to islets does not stimulate insulin release. When leucine, in addition to glutamine, is applied to islets, insulin release is almost as high as with glucose alone. This is consistent with the known ability of leucine to allosterically activate glutamate deamination by glutamate dehydrogenase, which can supply α-ketoglutarate to the citric acid cycle. Experiments with mitochondria from pancreatic islets suggest that flux through the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction is quiescent during glucose-induced insulin secretion. These experiments support the traditional idea that when insulin release is associated with flux through glutamate dehydrogenase, the flux is in the direction of α-ketoglutarate.
Attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of older Floridians with tooth loss

–In this cross-sectional study of Floridians aged 65 yr or older, 600 persons were interviewed to identify the characteristics of individuals who survived into old age with an intact or nearly intact dentition. Persons with total or partial tooth loss reported less frequent dental care, less ability to pay dental care fees, less frequent dental hygiene, and were more likely to have been smokers or diabetic. Persons with tooth loss also had less positive attitudes toward dentists and dental care. These cross-sectional findings are consistent with tooth loss being the result of disease-, behavior-, and attitude-related causes, and/or their interactions. Tobacco use, diabetes, and infrequent oral hygiene and dental care may increase risk for dental disease; decreased ability to pay for dental treatment may impair utilization of non-extraction treatment options, and negative attitudes toward dental treatment may influence the desire for non-extraction treatment options. Research targeted toward modifying attitudes toward dental treatment may be useful in preventing or delaying tooth loss, and measurement of attitudes may be a useful way to identify individuals at the greatest risk for tooth loss for intervention studies.
Monthly Evapotranspiration from Satellite and Conventional Meteorological Observations

Abstract Monthly mean satellite measurements of surface heating rate, surface temperature, and normalized difference vegetation index were collected for seven locations in Kansas. These were combined with monthly average surface observations and used in a surface energy balance model to estimate monthly mean evapotranspiration at each site. The modeled evapotranspiration and surface energy fluxes are reasonable. The nature of the surface energy balance model is such that it can be solved with satellite measurements and numerical weather forecast model output alone. This suggests that large-scale evapotranspiration climatologies can be made without in situ observations.
Notes on calycophyllous Rubiaceae. Part II. Morphological comparison of the genera Bathysa and Schizocalyx

A close comparison of Bathysa and Schizocalyx has revealed that the two taxa are congeneric. In addition, the two species currently recognized under Schizocalyx are conspecific and transferred to Bathysa, for which a new combination is proposed (B. bracteosa).
Radiation-induced potentially lethal damage: DNA lesions susceptible to fixation.

SummaryThe various postirradiation incubation conditions reported to uncover potentially lethal damage (PLD) induced by ionizing radiation are outlined and critically discussed. The process of damage fixation is the most characteristic determinant in distinguishing between PLD and other forms of damage (lethal or non-lethal). The results compiled indicate the induction of two forms of PLD (termed alpha-and beta-PLD). Evidence is presented that repair and fixation of alpha-PLD may underlie the variation in radiosensitivity observed through the cycle. Beta-PLD appears to be sensitive only to postirradiation treatment in anisotonic salt solutions. Results obtained at the DNA and chromosome level, under conditions allowing repair or causing fixation of PLD, are reviewed and combined together to devise a qualitative model that outlines a possible sequence of events from damage fixation at the DNA level, to damage fixation at the chromosome level and, ultimately, to cell death. It is suggested that damage uncov...
Influence of quantum-well width on device performance of Al/sub 0.30/Ga/sub 0.70/As/In/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As (on GaAs) MODFETs

An experimental study in which the quantum well width (W) is varied from 45 to 200 AA is discussed. Optimum device performance was observed at a well width of 120 AA. The 0.2- mu m*130- mu m devices with 120-AA quantum-well width typically exhibit a maximum channel current density of 550 mA/mm, peak transconductance of 550 mS/mm, and peak current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 122 GHz. These results have been further improved in subsequent fabrications employing a trilevel-resist mushroom-gate process. The 0.2- mu m*50- mu m devices with mushroom gate exhibit a peak transconductance of 640 mS/mm, peak f/sub T/ of 100 GHz, and best power gains cutoff frequency in excess of 200 GHz. These results are among the best ever reported for GaAs-based FETs and are attributed to the high two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) sheet density, good low-field mobility, low ohmic contact, and the optimized mushroom gate process. >
The general-equilibrium effects of the residential property tax: Incidence and excess burden

Abstract An urban general-equilibrium model is used to explore the efficiency effects and distributional consequences of the residential property tax. In a model of a “small,” “open” city, the replacement of a nondistortionary land tax with the residential property tax reduces the land area, density, and population of the city. The aggregate net return on land falls by an amount equal to 164.93% of total tax revenue. In a model of a “closed” region, when city Q replaces the land tax with the residential property tax, production and employment shift to other cities in the region. The net return on land decreases in city Q, and increases in other cities in the region; in aggregate, landowners are made better off by the change in tax policy, while residents are made worse off. The excess burden of the property tax is computed as 6.5197% of tax revenue.
Cellular morphology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: Analysis of myelinated axons by line-sampling

Abstract A systematic line-sampling method is described for counting and mapping myelinated axons in transverse sections of the spinal cord. Its advantages over random sampling of small areas are considered. The technique was applied to quantifying experimental weight-drop contusion injuries of cat spinal cord, from several months to more than a year after injury. Contusion of the mid-thoracic cord with a 20 g weight dropped 20 cm was usually sufficient to produce chronic hindlimb paralysis whilst allowing the survival of significant numbers (40,000–110,000) of myelinated axons passing through the lesion site. The axons which survived were concentrated towards the pial surface. There was a proportionally greater loss of larger diameter axons, but this was independent of distance from the pia, indicating that at least two independent factors contribute to selective axonal death following injury, one related to depth within the cord, the other to axon diameter. Myelin sheath thickness was decreased from normal and this deficit also increased with depth. There was overlap in all these quantitative morphological characteristics between animals showing some recovery of hindlimb locomotion and those with maintained spastic paralysis at more than six months after injury. Effective locomotion was found to recover in some cases with the maintenance of a small proportion (5–10%) of the original axonal population, largely concentrated in a rim only 200–300 μm thick. Morphological correlates of paralysis in chronic injuries included severe reduction of axonal number, selective elimination of large fibers, and sustained dysmyelination. Any one or combination of these may be responsible for chronic paralysis in individual animals.
Cyclic deformation and fatigue behaviour of ion-nitrided steel

Abstract The effect of the ion-nitriding process on the axial fatigue and deformation behaviour of SAE 1045 steel was investigated using smooth specimens at room temperature. Both monotonic and cyclic deformation responses of the ion-nitrided specimens are evaluated and compared with those of the core and case materials. A composite model is used to predict the stable cyclic response of the ion-nitrided specimen under constant-amplitude strain cycling. The fatigue tests were strain-controlled and consisted of both constant-amplitude and overstrain tests. Ion nitriding is found to have a significant influence on fatigue life in both the low-cycle and the high-cycle regions. Factors contributing to this influence, which include subsurface nucleation, multiaxial stress state and residual stresses, are discussed. Several cumulative fatigue damage models are used to predict the fatigue life in overstrain tests. Life predictions based on these models are then compared with the experimental data.
A comparison of minimal group induction procedures

For 40 years researchers have studied minimal groups using a variety of induction procedures which, surprisingly, have never been formally evaluated. This article reports two experiments that compared minimal group induction procedures based on: (1) memorization of novel ingroup names; (2) an imagination instruction; (3) random assignment; and (4) false feedback from painting preferences. The memorization procedure produced the largest ingroup favoritism effects on implicit measures of attraction and identification, whereas all procedures produced comparable ingroup favoritism effects on explicit measures of attraction and identification and bonus money allocation. The memorization procedure is recommended as a practical and effective minimal group induction procedure, particularly in cases in which implicit assessments are of primary interest.
Design and Implementation of an RF Front End for Physical Layer Wireless Network Emulation

Networking researchers have long faced a fundamental tension between the experimental realism of wireless testbeds on one hand, and the control and repeatability of simulation on the other hand. To overcome the stark tradeoff of these traditional alternatives, we have developed a wireless network emulator that enables both realistic and repeatable experimentation at network scale. A critical component in this emulator is the RF front end that converts RF signals to lower frequencies - where they can be digitized - and vice versa. We discuss the unique requirements that physical layer network emulation demands of an RF front end. We present a design that meets these demands and demonstrate its performance via measurements.
The Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a hypercoagulable state that may increase their risk for thromboembolism. However, the data about this association are contradictory in the literature. The goal of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in patients with DM after adjusting for coronary artery disease (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF), hypertension, and smoking using a large database. Method: We used patient treatment file documents to inpatient hospital admissions containing discharge diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] codes) from Veterans Health Administration Hospitals. The patients were classified into two groups: a DM group with an ICD-9-CM code for DM (293,124), and a control group with an ICD-9-CM code for hypertension but no DM (552,623). The ICD-9-CM code for PE (415.19) and the ICD-9-CM code for PHT (416.0) were used to study prevalence of these diseases in DM patients vs control patients. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for CAD, CHF, and smoking. Continuous variables were analyzed by unpairedt test. Binary variables were analyzed by χ2and Fisher exact tests. Results: PE was present in 2,011 patients with DM (0.7%) vs 2,759 patients (0.5%) in the control group. PHT was present in 3,356 patients with DM (1.1%) vs 3,357 patients (0.6%) in the control group. Using multivariate analysis, DM remained independently associated with PE (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.35; p Conclusion: Patients with DM have significantly higher prevalence of PE and PHT independent of CAD, hypertension, CHF, or smoking. The pathogenesis of this association is not known at this time.
The Economic and Cognitive Costs of Annoying Display Advertisements

Some online display advertisements are annoying. Although publishers know the payment they receive to run annoying ads, little is known about the cost that such ads incur (e.g., causing website abandonment). Across three empirical studies, the authors address two primary questions: (1) What is the economic cost of annoying ads to publishers? and (2) What is the cognitive impact of annoying ads to users? First, the authors conduct a preliminary study to identify sets of more and less annoying ads. Second, in a field experiment, they calculate the compensating differential, that is, the amount of money a publisher would need to pay users to generate the same number of impressions in the presence of annoying ads as it would generate in their absence. Third, the authors conduct a mouse-tracking study to investigate how annoying ads affect reading processes. They conclude that in plausible scenarios, the practice of running annoying ads can cost more money than it earns.