cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Order and Disorder in the Oxygen-Deficient Fluorite-Related Oxides

The fluorite-related oxides have many uses in applied materials science and they present an excellent subject for study in solid state science. They exhibit examples of nonstoichiometric phases of wide composition range and series of ordered intermediate phases. Some details of the ordering of oxygen vacancies in the nonstoichiometric fluorite-related phases of the rare earth oxides are presented, including imaging of the process at high resolution in the electron microscope. Other high-resolution studies of the ordered intermediate phases have revealed the structural principles that relate members of the homologous series RnO2n−2 Other ordered structures not belonging to the series are also discussed and the whole related to the zirconia and hafnia systems stabilized by calcia and yttria.
Characterization of the properties of mouse-adapted human measles virus.

SummaryThe mouse-adapted measles virus induced plaques of different morphology from the parental Edmonston measles virus in primary green monkey kidney cells and in stable cell lines (BSC-1 and Vero) derived from this tissue. The CPE produced by the mouse-adapted measles appeared earlier in the Vero and primary green monkey kidney cells than in the BSC-1 cells. Actinomycin D increased the yield of the mouse-adapted measles in BSC-1 cells but not in Vero cells. This correlates well with the production of interferon in BSC-1 cells and lack of production of interferon in Vero cells following inoculation of the cultures with the mouse-adapted measles virus.
The Model of Signal Production and the Simulation of Female Signalsv in Rice Brown Planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(St(?)l)(Homootera:Delphacidae)

Sexual recognition and communication in Nilaparvata lugens(St(?)l)depended entirely onsubstrate-transmitted acoustic signals.The presence of stridulating organs both in males and females wasdiscovered recently.Signals are produced by a convolution homomorphic system,and the stridulating or-gan forms the hub of the system.Based on the model of signal production,analogues of female signal ofN.lugens were made successfully using an electron simulator system.
Laser improvements for the precision Nova project

For the past two years, we have routinely used the Nova laser to illuminate inertial-confinement-fusion (ICF) targets with third harmonic (0.35 µm) energies of 20-30 kJ (~600 shots per year). The instantaneous relative power imbalance among the ten Nova beams has been 8 and 15% rms in the peak and "foot," respectively, of temporally shaped pulses and the pointing accuracy on target has been 120 µm rms (40 µrad). In 1989, we began the Precision Nova project with the goals of increasing the routine 3 ω energy on target to 40 kJ, decreasing the power imbalance to 5%, and reducing the target pointing uncertainty to 30 µm. The Precision Nova project also includes target diagnostic and target fabrication tasks. The National Academy of Sciences review committee of ICF has identified this project and associated target experiments to be of highest importance to the national ICF program. This paper will summarize our progress on meeting these goals.
Observations on a set of Greco-Roman eye, ear, nose, and throat surgical instruments

The tools described in this article are verified to be Greco-Roman medical and surgical instruments for the eye, ear, nose, and throat. They include three myrtle leaf-shaped scalpels, three ear spoons, a "Q-tip," a forceps, a needle, and two arrow-pointed scalpels. One of the arrow-pointed scalpels is nearly identical to a Juerger keratome, suggesting that in Roman times, cataracts were extracted, not just "couched" into the posterior chamber. The description presented here goes beyond traditional archeological claims, because as a head and neck surgeon, I evaluated these instruments from a surgeon's point of view. For example, nonsurgeon medical historians have claimed the myrtle leaf-shaped items were used as handles or for blunt dissection, which I feel is mistaken. Review of the literature reveals the Greco-Roman surgeons were doing tonsillectomies, tracheotomies, and cataract extractions, and recognized that swimming in dirty water could cause ear infection. However, it is clear that with poor or no anesthesia, the pain from blunt dissection would have been intolerable, and unnecessary tissue planes would have been opened increasing wound infection risks. Therefore, there would have been no need for the myrtle leaf-shaped blade if it were just a handle. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:354-358, 2017.
Bottled Up: An Experiential Intervention for Emotional Suppression

ABSTRACTThe regulation, expression, and suppression of emotion is often conceptualized differently in different cultures (Su, Wei, & Tsai, 2014). A common factor, however, between cultures is the need of the individual to exercise a sense of control, or regulation, over their emotions (Gross, 1998). Emotional regulation is defined as the process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express these emotions (Gross, 1998). An individual may present regulation through deliberate internalization of positive or negative emotions (Kim & James, 2015). In turn, this internalization can have positive or negative effects depending on the context. Emotional suppression is a common maladaptive coping mechanism (Gross & Levenson, 1993). Emotional suppression can be defined as an internalization of emotions during emotional arousal (Gross & Levenson, 1993). Bottled Up is an experiential intervention, developed by the authors, for use with clients experi...
Encapsulites, and the suppression of internal gas pressure in industrial metallurgical coke blends

Abstract Isolated, encapsulated coke microstructures in industrial coke blends, (referred to here as encapsulites), contain textural evidence of growth in high pressure conditions revealed by collapsed, stretched, and pulled-apart thin pore walls, with crushed porosity. This texture is not rare in blends, but is more commonly seen in single-source test oven cokes that have generated very high internal gas pressures. In addition, reflectances of encapsulite microstructures are quite different from the enveloping coke, leading to identification of two varieties, (1): isotropic, low-bireflectance coke derived from soft coking coal, surrounded by a low anisotropy coke envelope, and, (2): highly-anisotropic fused-inertinite or fused-vitrinite, contained within an envelope of a lower rank coke. Time, temperature and fluidity play critical roles in the order and magnitude of development of encapsulites, where entrapment by a fluid plastic layer of earliest melting vitrinites isolates not-yet-melted coal particles. Subsequently, with rising plastic layer temperatures, the encapsulated material also melts, but it is now enclosed within an impermeable, gas-proof semicoke that acts as a pressure suppressor. The encapsulite may develop a thickened outer wall, but internal thin-cell-wall porosity implodes, causing localized structural collapse. The development of encapsulites is a/the mechanism that suppresses and dampens the internal gas pressure exerted by strongly expanding coals used as components in some industrial blends. Encapsulite volumes of 2.23–22.4% are described. Encapsulites contribute to mechanical strength. Thick walls of isotropic material protect against CO2 reactivity attack, adding strength to coke. On fused inertinite kernels of highly anisotropic encapsulites, measured anisotropy quotients (AQ’s) of >8.3, are of similar magnitude to pyrolytic carbon, which too increase CSR quality.
Evaluation of Feedback Systems for the Third-Year Surgical Clerkship.

Objective To compare faculty-to-student feedback rates from 2 different data sets: direct observation cards (direct evidence) and end-of-clerkship questionnaires (ECQs, secondary student reporting). We as authors hypothesized that direct evidence from observation cards would yield higher rates of feedback, compared with student-reported ECQs. Design Data were gathered from 2 consecutive medical classes of the third-year surgical clerkship. Data were analyzed retrospectively. Subjects and authors were blinded during data collection and analysis. Setting University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS) and University of Michigan Health System (UMHS). UMHS is an academic tertiary care center, located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Participants Data were gathered from all third-year medical students completing the surgical clerkship from 2012 to 2014. Data were available for 309 students, compared to 313 students who graduated from UMMS during that time. Results Directly measured rates of feedback showed higher rates of midclerkship feedback (95.43% vs 83.57%, p Conclusion These data suggest that solely using ECQs to assess feedback rates may be inadequate. The use of multiple methods to assess feedback may therefore be a prudent choice for surgical clerkships.
“The Only Thing Oriental About Me Is My Face”: The True Picture of Madame Chiang Kai-Shek

The oft-quoted statement that comprises this chapter’s title–perhaps somewhat jarring to modern ears–appeared in a letter written in 1917 by the youthful and vibrant Soong Mayling as she returned to Shanghai after a decade spent pursuing her education in the United States.
Wavelet brain angiography suggests arteriovenous pulse wave phase locking

When a stroke volume of arterial blood arrives to the brain, the total blood volume in the bony cranium must remain constant as the proportions of arterial and venous blood vary, and by the end of the cardiac cycle an equivalent volume of venous blood must have been ejected. I hypothesize the brain to support this process by an extraluminally mediated exchange of information between its arterial and venous circulations. To test this I introduce wavelet angiography methods to resolve single moving vascular pulse waves (PWs) in the brain while simultaneously measuring brain pulse motion. The wavelet methods require angiographic data acquired at significantly faster rate than cardiac frequency. I obtained these data in humans from brain surface optical angiograms at craniotomy and in piglets from ultrasound angiograms via cranial window. I exploit angiographic time of flight to resolve arterial from venous circulation. Initial wavelet reconstruction proved unsatisfactory because of angiographic motion alias from brain pulse motion. Testing with numerically simulated cerebral angiograms enabled the development of a vascular PW cine imaging method based on cross-correlated wavelets of mixed high frequency and high temporal resolution respectively to attenuate frequency and motion alias. Applied to the human and piglet data, the method resolves individual arterial and venous PWs and finds them to be phase locked each with separate phase relations to brain pulse motion. This is consistent with arterial and venous PW coordination mediated by pulse motion and points to a testable hypothesis of a function of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.
Bioengineering Correlates of the Sensitive Skin Syndrome: The Sensory Irritation Component

Approximately half of the general population, when asked, answer that they have “sensitive skin” [1], but in the absence of rigorous definitional standards, that term is subject to different meanings and interpretations. In the most general sense, patients with sensitive skin are unusually susceptible to the induction of inflammatory or neurosensory symptoms by various exogenous triggers, including natural and synthetically derived chemical irritants, contact allergens, ingested foods, weather conditions, sun exposure, and incorrect skin care. A proportion of patients who report that they have sensitive skin suffer from exogenously exacerbated inflammatory dermatitis. The development of inflammatory signs may follow exacerbating exposures by minutes, as in the case of immunologic and nonimmunologic contact urticaria; after many hours, as in allergic contact dermatitis; or following longer periods of cumulative exposures or skin damage, and they may or may not be associated with unpleasant neurosensory symptoms such as itching, burning, or stinging. Another group of patients, who make up the primary focus of this chapter, have a condition designated “sensory irritation.” Best understood in terms of a neurosensory irritation model, this condition is closely related to the subjective (sensory) irritation variant of the cosmetic intolerance syndrome [2]. Beginning within several minutes after facial contact with a chemical trigger, usually a cosmetic or skin care product, these patients experience 5–10 min of intense facial discomfort, unaccompanied by any objective evidence of inflammation or other visible changes in the skin. Unable to ignore this crescendo of pain, they may frantically attempt to gain relief by washing the face. Having reached their peak, symptoms gradually fade, and they usually resolve completely within 30 min after the offending exposure.
Defining the normal appearance of the temporomandibular joints by magnetic resonance imaging with contrast: a comparative study of children with and without juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Up to 80% of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) develop arthritis involving their temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Recent studies have questioned the sensitivity of an abnormal MRI in the diagnosis of active arthritis. 122 children without arthritis undergoing contrast MRI of the head were prospectively consented to undergo a simultaneous contrast MRI of their TMJs. As a comparison point, the initial MRI of the TMJ of 35 newly diagnosed children with JIA were retrospectively scored. The presence and size of effusion and contrast enhancement were measured in the left TMJ in all subjects. 62/122 (51%) controls compared to only 10/35 JIA (29%) patients had an effusion (p = 0.022). Contrast enhancement was present in ≥97% of both groups, although the size of the enhancement was, on average, 0.2 mm larger in controls (1.1 ± 0.24 vs 0.88 ± 0.27 mm, p < 0.001). Among JIA patients, the size of the enhancement correlated inversely with disease duration (r = − 0.475, p = 0.005). Chronic changes were present in none of the controls versus 2/35 (5.5%) of the JIA patients (p = 0.049). Findings consistent with minimally active TMJ arthritis appear to be equally likely in children with JIA as compared to non-inflamed controls, while this and other studies confirm that chronic changes are specific to JIA. Thus, small amounts of effusion or contrast enhancement, in the absence of chronic changes, should be interpreted with caution.
Smart coffee roaster design with connected devices

Home coffee roasting is a new concept being embraced by the public to produce a preferential flavor of coffee. Unfortunately, without temperature and bean crack monitoring, many home roasters can't provide roasting consistency. Based on this motivation, the paper proposed a smart coffee roaster design with connected devices. The proposed design provides the bean temperature, bean cracks and carbon monoxide monitoring and also allows the operator full control even at a distance from the unit and isolates the operator from potentially harmful side effects such as headache, dizziness, etc. The proposed design was realized based on the model of the current Behmor® 1600 coffee roaster. Temperature, bean cracks and carbon dioxide sensors are constantly monitored by an ARM microprocessor. Data sent over a wireless Bluetooth connection to a smart device aids in user monitoring. The designed system was tested and the results show that the system can successfully measure each parameter with very high accuracy, roast the coffee beans with desired flavor and provide roast consistency for the end user. Moreover, the proposed design not only makes the device safer for the patron to use but also paves the way for automating other home appliances like an oven, washer and dryer, etc.
T cell receptor structure and function: analysis by expression of portions of isolated subunits.

The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a multi-component cell surface complex composed of the products of at least six genes (1,2). Specific recognition of antigen/MHC is mediated by two chains of the TCR complex (generally ∝ and β) that are expressed as disulfide linked heterodimers and display a high degree of clonotypic diversity. Associated with this specialized heterodimer are the invariant dimers CD3 e-δ and CD3 e-γ and a disulfide-linked dimer formed by members of the ζ gene family (typically a ζ-ζ homodimer). The invariant chains of the TCR have been shown to be necessary for efficient assembly and transport of the receptor to the cell surface (3), and are also thought to be essential for signal transduction.
Various isotopes used for brain flow studies

2403 Objectives There are various radiopharmaceuticals used for brain flow studies. This research compares and contrasts the kits utilized in brain flow studies in Nuclear Medicine. Methods Four different radioactive pharmaceuticals may be used for brain flow studies: 99mTcO4, 99mTcDTPA, 99mTcECD, and 99mTcHMPAO. These various pharmaceuticals will be compared based on a variety of factors. Comparisons include body distribution, cost, excretion, expiration, dosage, method of injection, radiation dose to other organs, passage via the blood brain barrier, QC tests and imaging. Results At Froedtert 99mTcO4 is commonly used for brain flow studies. This method is preferential to the other methods based on the comparison criterion. When a Mo99 generator is on hand, it is easier to obtain bulk technetium rather than prepare a kit. It is also cheaper than the three kits as shown in the table below. Furthermore, bulk technetium or a generator has a longer expiration time than the three other kits. A comparison study with 99mTcDTPA was performed to view the difference in images obtained between 99mTcO4 and 99mTcDTPA. Conclusions The use of 99mTcO4 has proven to be the most cost effective and efficient for brain flow imaging. This is proven by a comparative analysis of 99mTcO4, 99mTcDTPA, 99mTcECD, and 99mTcHMPAO. Froedtert continues to use 30 mCi of 99mTcO4 for brain flow studies with confidence in a clear positive or negative study. Research Support Kevin J. Donohoe, MD et al. “Society of Nuclear Medicine Procedure Guideline for Brain Death Scintigraphy.” 25 February 2003. www.interactive.snm.org; Ceretec Kit for Preparation Exametazime. Medi-Physics, Inc., Amersham Healthcare. Arlington Heights, IL; Pharmalucence Kit for Preparation Pentetate. Pharmalucence, Inc. Bedford, MA; Neurolite. Kit for Preparation Bicisate. Du Pont Radiopharmaceutical Division. Billerica, MA
Deceptive Multi-dimensional Information Disclosure over a Gaussian Channel*

We analyze deceptive multi-dimensional information disclosure over a channel between an information provider and a decision maker. The information provider has access to noisy versions of an underlying information. Different from the classical communication models, the provider has a different (hidden) objective while he/she must still honestly and transparently provide the information for his/her reputation. However, how well the provider has access to the information is private to him/her. We address how he/she can exploit this asymmetry according to his/her deceptive goal by modeling the interaction as a Stackelberg game, where the information provider is the leader. With quadratic objective functions, multi-variate Gaussian information and additive Gaussian noise channel, we analytically formulate the optimal linear deception strategy and the corresponding optimal decision strategy.
The Role of Self-Concepts in Emerging Adult Depression: A Systematic Research Synthesis

Emerging adults have the highest rates of depression compared to other age groups, yet effective, developmentally appropriate interventions are scarce. A growing body of research suggests an important link exists between self-concepts and depression. To contribute to the dialogue regarding emerging adult depression, theory, and potential points of intervention, a systematic research synthesis (SRS) on the state of knowledge of the relationship between self-concepts (self-esteem, self-efficacy, locus of control, and mastery) and emerging adult depression was conducted using the vulnerability and stress process models. Three primary findings emerged: a greater breadth of work has examined self-esteem and has provided support for its relationship with depression; research on self-efficacy, mastery, and locus of control is minimal with mixed results; and self-concepts work in differential ways to impact depression. Preliminary evidence suggests interpersonal stressors have a contributing role in the relationship between self-concepts and depression. Results identify new avenues of interventions to pursue for a population at risk for depression and in need of developmentally appropriate treatment options.
Pseudovirus rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Infects Neurons in Retina and CNS, Causing Apoptosis and Neurodegeneration in Neonatal Mice

Summary Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) survivors experience visual and CNS sequelae that suggests the ZEBOV glycoprotein can mediate neurotropism. Replication-competent rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine candidate is generally well tolerated; however, its potential neurotropism requires careful study. Here, we show that a single inoculation of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP virus in neonatal C57BL/6 mice results in transient viremia, neurological symptoms, high viral titers in eyes and brains, and death. rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP infects the inner layers of the retina, causing severe retinitis. In the cerebellum, rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP infects neurons in the granular and Purkinje layers, resulting in progressive foci of apoptosis and neurodegeneration. The susceptibility to infection is not due to impaired type I IFN responses, although MDA5−/−, IFNβ−/−, and IFNAR1−/− mice have accelerated mortality. However, boosting interferon levels by co-administering poly(I:C) reduces viral titers in CNS and improves survival. Although these data should not be directly extrapolated to humans, they challenge the hypothesis that VSV-based vaccines are non-neurotropic.
Semi-Parametric Estimation of Factor Risk-Premia

This paper shows that factor risk premia can be consistently estimated using a semi-parametric estimate of the stochastic discount factor without requiring a correctly specified linear factor model. We use a minimum discrepancy objective function to construct a stochastic discount factor from asset returns using only the economic assumption of no arbitrage. The stochastic discount factor and factor risk-premia are estimated using only data on portfolio returns and factor realizations: The same data used when evaluating linear models. The econometrics are applications of standard extremum estimator arguments and the Delta Method, making inference simple. In simulations, the estimated risk-premia have low root mean squared errors and are comparable to classic two-pass estimates even when the model is correctly specified. Empirical estimates of popular traded factors are close to their mean excess returns. For non-traded factors, we find that intermediary leverage and consumption growth carry risk-premia, while employment growth does not. A final application shows that the estimated risk-premia can be used as an extra moment condition to discipline the creation of factor mimicking portfolios.
A Verbal Fluency Task‐Based Brain Activation fMRI Study in Patients with Crohn's Disease in Remission

Background and purpose In this pilot study, we investigated functional brain activation changes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in remission compared to age and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). Methods Data from 20 patients with CD in remission (age range 19-63 years) and 20 HCs (matched in age and gender) were analyzed. Task functional MRI (fMRI) data were collected while participants performed a cognitive (phonemic verbal fluency) task in the scanner. All participants also performed the same task outside the scanner. Results Task fMRI results showed greater bi-hemispheric activation in CD patients compared to controls. Because this pattern is commonly reported with normal aging, we performed further analyses to investigate fMRI responses in a subset of the younger CD patients (N = 12, age = 50 years). Results showed that task activation patterns were similar between young CD patients and older HCs, and that both groups differed significantly from younger HCs. Activation intensity in specific brain regions for patients was associated with disease duration. Conclusions These results suggest that CD patients in remission may show accelerated signs of aging in terms of brain responses to a typical cognitive task. Future work with larger sample size will need to replicate these results as well as investigate the influence of factors, such as chronicity of the disease and medication effects on task-associated brain activation patterns in this patient population.
The Effects of Design Piracy on Consumer Perception: When Large Fashion Corporates Pirate Small Independent Fashion Designers

Fashion design piracy has the potential to highly impact small designers through a combination of limited legal fashion rights and the proliferation of online exposure to their work. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a revelation of fashion design piracy cases on consumers' perceptions about small designers and their designs, particularly when these designers were purportedly pirated by large fashion corporations. Through an online experiment of 260 college students, we examined perceptions of two designers and their designs narrowed from a pretest of purported piracy cases. Designers' value and uniqueness of designs, as well as brand attitude and brand creativity upon participants' revelation of their piracy by a corporation were examined through two-way multivariate analysis of variance. Findings revealed a significant interaction effect for revelation condition and piracy case designer. Further, significant main effects were found for perceived designer brand creativity and perceived value of designs.
College Students’ Attitudes Toward Counseling for Mental Health Issues in Two Developing Asian Countries

Bu calisma Iran ve Cin’deki 300 universite ogrencisi uzerinde yapilmistir. Literaturde desteklenen olceklerden olusan nicel bir anket kullanilan calismada Cinli ogrencilerin, psikolojik danisma konusunda Iranlilardan daha olumlu tutumlara sahip olduklari bulunmustur. Regresyon testleri, universite ogrencilerinin bu iki gelismekte olan ulkede ruh sagligi danismanligina yonelik tutumlari icin farkli gostergelerini incelemistir. Beklenen risk, Iran’da psikolojik danismaya yonelik tutumlarin en olumsuz ve guclu gostergesi olarak bulunmustur. Cin’de ise, damgalanma psikolojik danismaya yonelik tutumlarin en olumsuz ve guclu gostergesi olarak bulunmustur. Ruh sagligi danismanligi hizmetleri ile ilgili olumlu degerlendirmeleri savunmaya yonelik olarak egitim bolumleri ve hukumetler icin sonuc ve oneriler sunulmustur.
Effect of SF 6 Liquid Droplets on Electric Field Distribution of Porcelain Bushing

The liquefaction of SF6 is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of equipment. The effect of liquefying SF6 gas droplets on the bushing inner wall to the internal electric field distribution of porcelain bushing is considered from the viewpoint of safety and stability operation of the equipment. The liquid drops model of porcelain bushing for 500 kV SF6 tank breaker is simulated and calculated, and the maximum electric field in the bushing is in the position of the ground shield, and corresponding guide rod is obtained. At the place of ground shield guide rod, the inner electric field of bushing formed a structure similar to the needle plate electrode structure in which the maximum field strength value and position are determined, and the presence of the liquid drops has little effect on the electric field distribution that inside and outside the porcelain bushing.
Inelastic Scattering of Neutrons by In 115 and Au 197

The metastable states ${\mathrm{In}}^{115m}$ and ${\mathrm{Au}}^{197m}$ have been produced by bombarding indium and gold foils with neutrons (energy spread \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20 to 40 kev). The excitation curve for gold has a threshold at 0.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 Mev and shows distinct discontinuities in slope at 1.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 Mev and 1.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 Mev corresponding to energy levels that decay to the metastable state at 0.54 Mev. The excitation curve for indium has a threshold below 600 Mev and indicates levels at 0.960\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 Mev and 1.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 Mev. Cross-section values cannot be deduced because of inadequate calibration of the scintillation detector.
Standing balance of vehicle passengers: The effect of vehicle motion, task performance on post-drive balance.

Abstract Background Motion platforms and driving simulators have been shown to contribute to motion sickness and a short-term increase in standing postural sway. However, no studies to date have investigated how the motion of a passenger vehicle and the performance of a task during a drive on a closed test track affects post-drive standing balance. Research Questions What are the effects of (1) a continuous, scripted drive on a closed test track, and (2) the performance of a handheld tablet-based task during the scripted drive, on post-drive standing balance? Methods Fifty adults (23 males, 27 females; 40.0 ± 20.6 yr) rode in the front passenger seat of a midsized sedan on a scripted drive. Participants were assigned to one of the acceleration levels (Low, Moderate) and completed both Task and No-Task test conditions, involving a visual-based task on a handheld tablet device. Before and after each scripted drive, participants completed two standing balance exercises: 1) feet tandem, eyes open, on firm support, and 2) feet together, eyes closed, on foam support. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) captured estimates of postural trunk sway. Root-mean-square (RMS) of angular position and velocity in the anteroposterior (A/P) and mediolateral (M/L) directions, and elliptical fit and path length of sway trajectory were computed. A nonparametric analysis was performed on the balance metrics. Results Exposure to a scripted drive in a vehicle affected participants’ postural sway, especially after using a handheld device during the drive. M/L RMS sway velocity and path length increased for both exercises following the scripted drive with task. Additionally, M/L RMS sway increased for the more challenging balance exercise, during which participants stood with feet together on foam support with eyes closed. Significance This study is the first to explore balance following a scripted drive on a closed test track. Changes in post-drive balance introduces potential risks to vehicle passengers; concurrent performance of a task on a handheld device further increases the likelihood that post-drive balance will be negatively affected.
Reading and Remembering Butch-Femme Worlds.

This essay examines the practice of building a syllabus that centers butch-femme literatures as a pedagogy of gathering and recuperation. Prompted by the loss of an early syllabus on lesbian histories, I examine the genre of the syllabus and contend that “butch-femme” is not the same as “queer” or “LGBTQ.” Through reflective and autobiographical writing on memory, place, queerness, and social media, the essay traces an ephemeral archiving revealing the stakes for naming and remembering butch-femme lesbian “worlds.” The essay highlights a sample student project and offers a syllabus as a teaching resource.
Virtual Outpatient Heart Failure Care - Lessons From the Covid-19 Era

Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the way care is delivered to patients with chronic conditions such as heart failure (HF). Many outpatient encounters are now conducted virtually via telehealth. Whether virtual visit for HF results in similar type of interventions as when the patient is seen in person is not known. Methods Starting on March 15, 2020, all non-time sensitive outpatient in-person appointments at our institution were cancelled and transitioned to virtual appointments where possible. We included all patients seen in a tertiary care HF clinic from February 18 to March 13 (pre-Covid) and from March 16 to May 15 (post-COVID). We examined the volume of in-person and virtual visits and compared medication titration rates pre- and post-COVID. Results The study cohort included 745 patients, mean age 60.7+/-15.3 years, 65.2% male, 80.9% Caucasian, 7.7% Hispanic/Latino. Of these, 227 patients were seen pre-COVID and 518 post-COVID. All appointments were in-person pre-COVID. After the change, only 18% of appointments were in-person while 82% were virtual. Outpatient volume decreased after March 15, but gradually increased, eventually to volumes that exceeded pre-COVID (Figure). Detailed results on medication titration are shown in Table. Diuretic titration took place in 33/227 (14.5%) of patients pre-COVID and 83/518 (16.0%) post-COVID (p=NS). Among 567 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), titration of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) took place in 86/172 (50.0%) of patients pre-COVID and 159/395 (40.2%) post-COVID (p=0.03). Among the 395 HFrEF patients seen post-COVID, GDMT was titrated in 33/68 (48.5%) patients seen in person and 126/327 (38.5%) seen virtually - p=0.13. Barriers to medication titration in virtual visits were lack of blood pressure readings and lack of recent laboratory results. Conclusion Telehealth has become an essential method of outpatient care delivery for chronic HF. Once implemented, it offered efficiencies including improved access to the HF clinic thanks to higher throughput capacity compared to physical clinic space. However, we identified that GDMT titration took place less frequently than during in-person visits. Since it is anticipated that telehealth use will continue into the future, approaches to maximize GDMT in the absence of traditional direct physical contact with HF patients are needed.
Analysis and optimization of replenishment process for robotic dispensing system in a central fill pharmacy

Abstract This study focuses on the replenishment process of the robotic dispensing system (RDS) in a central fill pharmacy (CFP). The RDS is capable of autonomously counting and filling tens of thousands of prescription orders each day while being replenished by operators. If the replenishment is not completed on time and the dispenser becomes empty while orders continue to arrive, the RDS will experience a problem called a rundry error and cannot fill orders until the replenishment is complete. Because rundry errors significantly degrade the performance of CFPs, there is an urgent need to analyze and understand the replenishment process of the RDS to prevent these errors. The main objective of this study is to develop a systematic approach to model the stochastic behavior of the replenishment process by using a continuous-time Markov Chain and to find the optimal reorder point (ROP), canister size, and the number of operators that minimize the replenishment costs. Numerical experiment results show that ROP, canister size, and the number of operators have a significant effect on the performance of the RDS. In the dispenser analyzed in this study, increasing the ROP from 0.5 to 0.5 led to a 26.7% reduction in downtime and a 49.2% reduction in total costs. Similarly, Increasing the canister size from a 0.5-L canister to a 2-L canister led to a 10.5% reduction in downtime and a 69.5% reduction in total costs. The results show that the proposed approach can be used to optimize the replenishment process to minimize cost.
The Concept of the Person and the Problem of Freedom

This chapter presents my translation of two segments of a book that William Stern published in 1918. The first segment, which served as the introduction to that book, provides an overview of his understanding of the personalistic concept of the person and of the dynamics of person-world relationships. He explains how the concept of psychophysical neutrality transcends the age-old ‘mind-body problem.’ The second segment of this chapter presents material that appeared in the fourth chapter of the 1918 book. Here, Stern takes up directly the challenge of explaining how a scientific psychology aimed at achieving causal explanations for human actions can be reconciled with critical personalism’s teleological thesis, according to which a person’s actions are causally determined in part by the goal-oriented person him/herself.
Machine-learning informed macro-meteorological models for the near-maritime environment

Macro-meteorological models predict optical turbulence as a function of weather data. Existing models often struggle to accurately predict the rapid fluctuations in Cn2 in near-maritime environments. Seven months of Cn2 field measurements were collected along an 890 m scintillometer link over the Severn River in Annapolis, Maryland. This time series was augmented with local meteorological measurements to capture bulk-atmospheric weather measurements. The prediction accuracy of existing macro-meteorological models was analyzed in a range of conditions. Next, machine-learning techniques were applied to train new macro-meteorological models using the measured Cn2 and measured environmental parameters. Finally, the Cn2 predictions generated by the existing macro-meteorological models and new machine-learning informed models were compared for four representative days from the data set. These new models, under most conditions, demonstrated a higher overall Cn2 prediction accuracy, and were better able to track optical turbulence. Further tuning and machine-learning architectural changes could further improve model performance.
A Closed-loop Adaptive Brain-computer Interface Framework: Improving the Classifier with the Use of Error-related Potentials

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) using Electroencephalography (EEG) have drawn attention to providing alternative control pathways for users with motor disabilities or even the general public in real-world environments due to their robustness, relatively low cost, and high portability. However, EEG still suffers from large variability between subjects or between sessions of an individual subject. To obtain optimal performance, a BCI usually requires a user to go through a calibration process to fine-tune the model. This calibration process is usually long and could hinder the practicality of a BCI. In this study, we propose a closed-loop framework that monitors the user EEG responses to the action of a BCI. If an Error-related Potential (ErrP) is detected in the response, it is indicated that the BCI is making a wrong prediction. By using the information from this ErrP detector, we can include online testing trials into the training pool and further fine-tune the model over the time the BCI is used. Results suggest that the proposed framework can reach better results with a few additional trials when compared to the model pre-trained from some existing data. Also, the performance of the proposed model can gradually converge to a fully calibrated model, which suggests that the conventional calibration process could be replaced by online training.
Primary sutureless repair for infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Objectives This study aimed to review surgical experiences in patients with infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Methods This retrospective study included 63 infants who underwent conventional repair (n = 27) and sutureless repair (n = 36) from 1 February 2009 to 31 June 2019. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regressions were applied to analyse the overall survival and risk factors. Cumulative incidence curves and competing risk models were used to evaluate postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO). Results There were 4 hospital deaths and 2 late deaths, and 8 patients experienced postoperative PVO. The survival rates at 30 days, 1 year and 5 years were 95.2%, 90.5% and 90.5%, respectively. The overall survival rate was significantly higher in the sutureless group than that in the conventional group. The cumulative incidence of postoperative PVO in the conventional group was higher than that in the sutureless group. Univariable Cox regression analyses showed that lower surgical weight, increase in preoperative international normalized ratio, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time and longer duration of postoperative ventilation were associated with higher mortality. Longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, lower preoperative prothrombin activity and the increasing preoperative international normalized ratio before surgical repair were associated with a higher incidence of postoperative PVO. Conclusions Both sutureless and conventional repairs for patients with infracardiac TAPVC achieved favourable postoperative outcomes. There was no death in the sutureless repair group. Compared to conventional repair, sutureless repair was associated with lower mortality and lower incidence of restenosis in pulmonary veins and anastomosis.
Genome-wide markers reveal differentiation between and within the cryptic sister species, sunset and vermilion rockfish

The vermilion rockfish complex, which consists of the cryptic sister species vermilion and sunset rockfish, is one of the most valuable recreational fisheries on the U.S. West Coast. These species are currently managed as a single complex, and because of uncertainty surrounding the relative contribution of each species within existing data sources, the stock status of each species is not fully known. A reliable and cost-effective method is needed to disentangle these species that will allow for the development of abundance indices, life history profiles, and catch histories that may potentially support species-specific stock assessments. Using restriction-site associated DNA sequence (RADseq) markers we generated 10,003 polymorphic loci to characterize the vermilion rockfish complex. PCA and Bayesian clustering approaches based on these loci clearly distinguished between sunset and vermilion rockfishes and identified hybrid individuals. These loci included 203 highly differentiated (FST ≥ 0.99) single nucleotide polymorphisms, which we consider candidates in the planned development of a diagnostic assay capable of distinguishing between these cryptic species. In addition to clearly delineating to species, subsets of the interspecific markers allowed for insight into intraspecific differentiation in both species. Population genetic analyses for sunset rockfish identified two weakly divergent genetic groups with similar levels of genetic diversity. Vermilion rockfish, however, were characterized by three distinct genetic groups with much stronger signals of differentiation and significantly different genetic diversities. Collectively, these data will contribute to well-informed, species-specific management strategies to protect this valuable species complex.
Exercise training-induced adaptations in lung cancer patients who have undergone a lobectomy

Abstract Purpose To determine the safety and effectiveness of a prescribed, individualized, 12-week exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory function, muscular strength, and quality of life in lung cancer patients who have undergone a lobectomy. In addition, we sought to compare the exercise training response of lung cancer patients who have undergone a lobectomy to a population of cancer patients with all other cancers in order to examine the specific effects of a lobectomy when compared to cancer patients at large. Methods Participants were referred by a physician, and upon entry, completed an exercise-based assessment and surveys to assess various quality of life measures. Participants were divided into two groups: lung cancer patients having undergone a lobectomy (LOB, n = 9) or those diagnosed with all other cancers (AOC, n = 201). Participants underwent 12 weeks of supervised exercise based on an individualized exercise prescription. Measures of cardiorespiratory function, muscular strength, and quality of life were collected prior to the intervention and after 12 weeks of exercise training. Results Significant improvements to VO2peak (p Conclusion Exercise-based rehabilitation is a safe and effective intervention for lung cancer survivors who have undergone a lobectomy. These individuals saw significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and quality of life. Although there were similarities in the pattern of these training-induced improvements for these groups, lung cancer patients undergoing a lobectomy consistently demonstrated lower absolute values when compared to patients with all other cancer diagnoses.
Attentional inertia in children's extended looking at television.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on a phenomenon called attentional inertia, which is a progressive increase in the attentional engagement as a look is sustained. Presented analysis show that attentional inertia increases with age, but only for comprehensible audiovisual content from about 6 months of age and older. It seems to be a primitive attentional process that appears early on but with development comes to work in the service of higher cognition. Sustained visual attention in children and adults are considered it is indicated that sustained looking at television or during play reveals attentional processes that have not been apparent in standard experimental studies of attention to static visual displays. The chapter suggests that a model of attention that stresses an increase in attentional engagement over time may be more realistic for the child's real environment than one that stresses a decrease in attentional engagement.
The effect of the surface characteristics of various substrates on fluorapatite crystal growth, alignment, and spatial orientation

BACKGROUND Fluorapatite-coated materials have potential application for dental and medical implants. In tooth development, the prism-like structure in enamel is thought to be created by the cells and proteins involved in enamel formation and maturation. This study investigated whether the substrate itself on which the films are grown, without the inclusion of cells or proteins, may affect their crystal alignment and three-dimensional morphology. MATERIAL/METHODS Human dentin/enamel junction (DEJ), dentin, stainless steel plates, etched stainless steel plates, etched titanium plates, glass, and mica were used as substrates to grow fluorapatite (FA) crystals using a hydrothermal method. FA crystal growth on these substrates was observed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Under hydrothermal conditions, enamel prism-like structure could not be seen when the crystals were grown on mica or glass. Organized bundles of FA were created using DEJ, but not dentin, although it supported crystal growth. Etched stainless steel and titanium supported the growth of aligned FA crystals, but without the prism structure. CONCLUSIONS The surface properties of the substrate on which the nanocrystals grow appear to affect their alignment, organization, and consequently the formation of a prism structure.