cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of Transcriptome Sequencing: Toward a Better Diagnosis for Mendelian Disorders.

In a recent issue of Science Translational Medicine , Cummings and colleagues have shown for the first time, in a cohort of rare Mendelian disorders, the clinical utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS)2-based transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to increase molecular diagnostic yield (1). In this study, they performed RNA-seq on the target tissue of skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with putative monogenic neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) that were undiagnosed from whole exome sequencing (ES) or genome sequencing (GS) results. The authors could identify pathogenic events focusing on splicing defects and allelic imbalance that resulted in a 34% increased definite molecular diagnosis, thereby demonstrating the promise of RNA-seq as a complementary tool to ES or GS in the clinical setting. These study results are even more promising because as DNA-based NGS analyses continue to produce massive amounts of data, the number of coding and noncoding variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) identified also increases, which in turn creates a medical and financial burden on variant classification, disease association, and follow-up diagnosis and therapy options. As Cummings et al. describe, current in silico approaches in clinical DNA-based genetic testing to classify VUSs have limitations and potentially lead to false-positive prediction of pathogenic splice-site aberrant events. In addition to the high prevalence of VUSs, the diagnostic challenges are further enhanced in cases of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous rare disorders such as NMDs, in which >200 genes are associated with broad and overlapping phenotypic spectra. To overcome clinical diagnostic challenges, more emphasis is being given using other -omics approaches to analyze the functional consequences of genomic data at the levels of RNA, protein, epigenomics, posttranslational modifications, metabolites, and RNA-seq in particular (2), as recommended by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Indeed, the clinical utility of RNA-based testing, albeit not using target tissue, has …
Anatomy of the Volar Retinacular Elements of the Hand: A Unified Nomenclature

Many investigators have described the anatomy of the volar retinacular structures of the hand over the last 60 years. As a result, multiple terms have been assigned to 1 anatomical structure and 1 name designated to more than 1 structure. Our purpose is to review the detailed anatomy and key components of the volar retinacular elements of the hand, their etymology, and their most recent descriptions. The objective also is to organize these structures into systems, which can be helpful for learners to assimilate into a practical anatomical guide. Lastly, the goal is to create a common nomenclature for identifying the volar retinacular structures of the hand in order to facilitate clear communication about them across languages.
The Sense and Reference of Sound; or, Walter Pater’s Kinky Literalism

David Sweeney Coombs, “The Sense and Reference of Sound; or, Walter Pater’s Kinky Literalism” (pp. 487–514) This essay explores the erotic possibilities of literal reading by strategically fetishizing the recurring figure of harmony in Walter Pater’s essay “The School of Giorgione” (1877) and his other post- Renaissance writings. I read Pater’s invocations of harmony literally with help from the scientific acoustics of the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz, which achieved immense popularity in Britain at just the moment that Pater made his famous declaration that all art aspires to the conditions of music. Both Pater and Helmholtz understood perception as an act of reading bodily sensations in which reference—our attention to the objects we infer to be present in the world around us—constantly threatens to overwhelm our awareness of the sensations themselves. In his work on acoustics, however, Helmholtz singled out musical harmony as an experience uniquely susceptible to the mental effort to distinguish discrete sensations during the act of perception. Oscillating between sense and reference, harmony exemplifies the rhetorical logic of what Pater calls literal metaphors—figures whose figurative significance can be fully accessed only by taking them literally. The most emblematic of Pater’s literal metaphors is the Paterian figure itself, at once human form and trope. To take Paterian figures literally, this essay suggests, is to reimagine literal reading as a form of kink—a fetishizing of the sensory forces through which a figure affects and dominates us.
Correspondence of Pubertal Neuroendocrine and Tanner Stage Changes in Boys and Associations With Substance Use

This study examined correspondence between timing (onset) and tempo (rate) of sexual maturation prospectively (average ages 11-16 years) measured by gonadal hormones and secondary sex characteristics (Tanner stage) using dual-process models, and associations of these measures with substance use (SU) involvement in boys at age 16 years (N = 534, 77.5% White/22.5% Non-White). All measures of timing were highly associated. Early Tanner stage timing often predicted slower increases in gonadal steroids, but not the reverse; patterns varied by ethnicity. Hormone and Tanner stage measures were similar earlier in development but diverged later in development. In White boys only, early timing of the pubertal rise in testosterone was associated with increased SU involvement, suggesting a physiological rather than psychosocial mechanism of association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Microstructural Properties of Transparent Silica Aerogels

Microstructural properties of transparent silica aerogels were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The transmission electron micrographs give excellent visual evidence of the physical gelation mechanism of cross-linked silica structures, similar to that conceptually imagined previously by various workers. Because of the highly thermally insulating nature of the aerogel, the silica particles tend to sinter to larger sizes in the electron beam. However, from TEM measurements the characteristic size of the particles comprising the aerogel matrix before sintering was found to be less than 5 nm. Optical, light scattering, and surface area data were also obtained. The microstructural details and particle sizes derived from optical transmission, surface area and TEM measurements are compared and found to be in reasonable agreement.
Why Does a Late-Market Entrant Decrease Time-to-Build Relative to an Early-Market Entrant?

This paper explores the intertwined relationship between entry timing and time- to-build. First, I derive two propositions from my decision-theoretic mathematical model, which incorporates imperfec...
Cost Reduction, Entry, And The Dynamics Of Market Structure And Economic Growth

I study the joint determination of market structure and growth in an oligopolistic economy. Firms run in-house R&D programs to produce over time a continuous flow of cost-reducing (incremental) innovations. In symmetric equilibrium, the dispersion of resources across firms prevents the exploitation of scale economies in R&D and slows down growth. In free-entry equilibrium, the number of firms changes with market and technological conditions and is endogenous. In particular, R&D spending is a (fixed) sunk cost and there is a negative feed-back of the rate of growth on the number of firms. The explicit consideration of the interdependence of market structure and growth produces novel results. The comparative statics effects of many parameters are no longer those predicted by conventional wisdom. For example, I find negative effects of population size and R&D productivity on growth. The key to these results is a fundamental trade-off between growth and variety, between the rate of growth of consumption of each product and the number of products. Firms do not internalize this trade-off and the market grows faster and supplies less variety than is optimal. Taxes and subsidies bring Pareto efficiency.
Changes in beta 4 integrin expression and localization in vivo in response to corneal epithelial injury.

PURPOSE To determine whether production and localization of beta 4 integrin is altered during in vivo corneal epithelial cell migration in response to debridement wounding. METHODS Rat corneas were wounded and animals were killed at times ranging from 3 hours to 14 days. At various time points, corneal epithelial integrins were quantitated by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of epithelial extracts and then were localized by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS As early as 6 hours after wounding, an increase in the amount of the beta 4 integrin subunit expressed per microgram of total protein was observed. The level of beta 4 continued to increase until wound closure. By 14 days after wounding, beta 4 expression returned to control levels. The level of expression of beta 1 and alpha (v) integrins were found not to change significantly throughout migration. Immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies against either the beta 4 integrin subunit or HD1, a hemidesmosomal plaque component, showed that in control sections, beta 4 integrin and HD1 codistributed in a linear staining pattern above the basement membrane. As early as 4 hours after wounding, beta 4 was present in both basal and suprabasal epithelial cells, and HD1 was retained at the basal aspect of the epithelial basal cells. CONCLUSIONS These data show that changes in expression and localization of beta 4 integrin occur in the corneal epithelium in response to debridement wounding in vivo. Previously, we had shown that quantitative changes in beta 4 integrin expression do not occur in an in vitro organ culture model used for the study of corneal epithelial cell migration. Increased beta 4 expression may not be required for migration per se, but it may be play a role in either stabilizing cell:cell or cell:substrate adhesion in vivo or in preparing cells to undergo mitosis during restratification.
VII Steady Oseen Flow in Exterior Domains

As we emphasized in the Introduction to Chapter V, the Stokes approximation may fail to describe the physical properties of a system constituted by an object s moving by assigned rigid motion with “small” translational (v0) and angular (ω) velocities in a viscous liquid, at least at “large” distances from s, where the viscous effects become less important.
The NCRP Considerations on Levels of Negligible Risk

NCRP’s Committee 1, under the chairmanship of George Casarett, has approached the de minimis question from the standpoint of risk. In the document approved by the council there is a recognition that even with the prudent assumption of a linear relationship between risk and dose, there must exist a risk and its attendant dose that is negligible (NCRP 1987).
Abstract 5474: Activity of the S1P pathway promotes ovarian cancer and serves as a novel metabolic target of metformin

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a metabolite of the phospholipid sphingosine, is a bioactive lipid that directly interacts with specific G-protein-coupled receptors to transduce signals that regulate growth, proliferation and motility. Sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and 2) catalyze the formation of S1P from sphingosine, thereby regulating S1P homeostasis and the sphingolipid rheostat. Recently, using TCGA data, we noted SPHK1 amplification in several gynecologic cancers and that high expression of SPHK1 was associated with increased mortality in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The findings reported here show that exposure of HGSOC tumor cells to exogenous S1P, or overexpression of SPHK1, induced migration, proliferation and clonogenecity in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. Likewise, in a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer, overexpression of SPHK1 markedly enhanced tumor growth. In prior pre-clinical studies, we have demonstrated a strong protective effect of the diabetes medication metformin in ovarian cancer. Interestingly, we found that patients with HGSOC that use metformin for diabetes have reduced serum S1P levels compared to controls, suggesting that the sphingolipid rheostat may be a novel metabolic target of metformin in ovarian cancer. Supporting this, we identified that SPHK1 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines is reduced by treatment with metformin, and further that the reduction of SPHK1 by metformin was mediated through inhibition of transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF1α and HIF2α). Finally, we show that overexpression of SPHK1 in HGSOC cell lines enhanced the cytotoxic effects of metformin. Taken together, our data indicates that hypoxia-induced SPHK1 expression and downstream S1P signaling promote tumor progression in HGSOC, and that tumors utilizing this pathway may be particularly vulnerable to the anti-cancer effects of metformin. Citation Format: Peter C. Hart, Tatsuyuki Chiyoda, Marion Curtis, Xiaojing Liu, Chun-Yi Chiang, Stephanie McGregor, Ricardo Lastra, Jason Locasale, Ernst Lengyel, Iris L. Romero. Activity of the S1P pathway promotes ovarian cancer and serves as a novel metabolic target of metformin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5474.
State breast density inform mandate laws and utilization of adjunctive screening tests and cancer detection following screening mammography.

6579Background: In response to concerns about the limited sensitivity of mammography among women with dense breasts, 32 states have enacted laws to inform patients about these limitations and recom...
Stochastic Resilient Post-Hurricane Power System Recovery Based on Mobile Emergency Resources and Reconfigurable Networked Microgrids

This paper develops an effective two-stage stochastic post-hurricane recovery framework to improve networked microgrid resilience using mobile emergency resources (MERs) and a proposed reconfiguration strategy. In the first stage, network reconfiguration actively alters the local power flow path and provides opportunities for restoring critical loads, thus reducing the energy not supplied to electric consumers. The optimal schedule determined in the first stage problem is also used to determine the islanded loads that need MERs for restoration. In the second stage, truck-mounted MERs will deliver power to islanded loads, observing the shortest path and post-hurricane transportation infrastructure constraints. Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to produce the shortest path and avoid possible out-of-service roads. In order to model the uncertainties of the problem, a stochastic framework based on unscented transform is employed. The proposed problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic single-objective optimization problem maximizing system resilience. Simulation results on a test networked microgrid demonstrate the effectiveness and satisfying performance of the proposed model.
A tale of four cities: exploring the soul of State College, Detroit, Milledgeville and Biloxi

Can data help us explore and expose the soul of the community? This was the challenge posed by the 2013 Data Exposition. The Knight Foundation, in cooperation with Gallup, furnished data from 43,000 people over 3 years (2008–2010) in 26 communities, which we explored in an effort to discover variables associated with community attachment. Our analysis focused on four cities that stood out after our initial exploration of the data set: State College, PA; Detroit, MI; Milledgeville, GA; and Biloxi, MS. We present our use of survey-weighted binned scatterplots to graphically explore the association between an individual’s community attachment and perceived economic outlook. Additionally, we present a few other analyses we found interesting during our initial exploration which we view as a collection of “short stories”.
The Buck Stops Where: The Duty of a Hospital to Provide Medical Care to Undocumented Patients.

Maria is already not receiving the care she needs. Her doctors, her hospital, the state of Indiana, and our nation are not complying with the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, signed by the Un...
Alterations in activated T-cell cytokine expression in healthy dogs over the initial 7 days of twice daily dosing with oral cyclosporine

Cyclosporine is a powerful T-cell inhibitor used in the treatment of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases in the dog. There is limited information on how to best monitor patients on cyclosporine therapy. Currently, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assays are available. Pharmacokinetic assays that measure the concentration of cyclosporine in the blood are used to assess if an appropriate drug concentration has been achieved; however, target blood drug concentrations have not been shown to reliably correlate with suppression of T-cell function in the dog. In human transplant recipients, therapeutic drug monitoring has shifted to include pharmacodynamic-based monitoring. Our laboratory has validated a RT-qPCR assay to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of cyclosporine in the dog. In this study, activated T-cell expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ was measured using RT-qPCR daily for 7 consecutive days in 8 healthy Walker hounds receiving oral cyclosporine at a dosage of 10 mg/kg every 12 hr. Cytokine production was found to be markedly decreased within 24 hr after the initiation of cyclosporine and remained significantly decreased for the duration of the project. Based on these results, cyclosporine causes a rapid drop in T-cell cytokine production that is sustained with continued dosing in healthy dogs. Although performed in healthy dogs, this study demonstrated a marked decrease in cytokine suppression within 24 hr of drug administration, suggesting that pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclosporine's effects on T cells could be considered within several days of commencing therapy in dogs suffering from life-threatening immune-mediated disorders.
Interconnect-Aware Area and Energy Optimization for In-Memory Acceleration of DNNs

State-of-the-art in-memory computing (IMC) architectures employ an array of homogeneous tiles and severely underutilize processing elements (PEs). In this article, the authors propose an area and energy optimization methodology to generate a heterogeneous IMC architecture coupled with an optimized Network-on-Chip (NoC) for deep neural network (DNN) acceleration. – Yiran Chen, Duke University
Is the WISC-V a Fair Test for Black Children: Factor Structure in an Urban Public School Sample

The purpose of this paper is to explore the factor structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth edition (WISC-V). As such, this is the first study that will examine the factor structure of the WISC-V in a non-standardization sample of Black children. Utilizing confirmatory and exploratory factor analytic techniques in AMOS our results indicated that a four-factor model fits the data better than five-factor solution that was proposed by the test developers, for the Black sample. Furthermore, two subtests, Picture Span and Figure Weights, were not invariant by race, which indicates that these measures of Fluid Reasoning and Working Memory operate differently for Black and White students and are not consistent with differences in scores on these subtests. Research indicates that these two subtests are the most demanding from a linguistic standpoint, which necessitates further research on how directions are administered. Implications will be discussed in terms school psychologists increasing the rigor of their research practices by decreasing the use of standardization samples and conducting more research with Black children.
HIV-induced neuroinflammation inhibits oligodendrocyte maturation via glutamate-dependent activation of the PERK arm of the integrated stress response

Despite combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects 30-50% of HIV-positive patients. Importantly, persistent white matter pathologies, specifically corpus callosum thinning and disruption of white matter microstructures observed in patients with HAND despite viral control through cART, raise the possibility that HIV infection in the setting of suboptimal cART may perturb oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation, function and/or survival, influencing HAND persistence in the cART era. To examine the effect of HIV infection on OL maturation, we used supernatants of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with HIV (HIV/MDMs) to treat primary cultures of rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during their differentiation to mature OLs. Using immunostaining for lineage-specific markers, we found that HIV/MDMs significantly inhibited OPC maturation. Based on our previous studies, we examined the potential role of several signaling pathways, including ionotropic glutamate receptors and the integrated stress response (ISR), and found that AMPA receptors (AMPAR)/kainic acid (KA) receptors (KARs) mediated the HIV/MDMs-induced defect in OL maturation. We also found that the treatment of OPC cultures with glutamate or AMPAR/KAR agonists phenocopied this effect. Blocking ISR activation, specifically the PERK arm of the ISR, protected OPCs from HIV/MDMs-mediated inhibition of OL maturation. Further, while glutamate, AMPA, and KA activated the ISR, inhibition of AMPAR/KAR activation prevented ISR induction in OPCs and rescued OL maturation. Collectively, these data identify glutamate signaling via ISR activation as a potential therapeutic pathway to ameliorate white matter pathologies in HAND and highlight the need for further investigation of their contribution to cognitive impairment.
Increasing referral of at-risk women for genetic counseling and BRCA testing using a screening tool in a community breast imaging center

Background Genetic evaluation and testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) remain suboptimal. The authors evaluated the feasibility of using a screening tool at a breast imaging center to increase HBOC assessment referrals. Methods A brief questionnaire based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network HBOC genetic counseling referral guidelines was developed and added to the standard intake forms of patients undergoing mammography at a community breast imaging center from 2012 through 2015. Patients who met the criteria in the guidelines were referred for genetic counseling. Results A total of 34,851 patients were screened during the study period, and 1246 (4%) patients were found to be eligible for referral; 245 of these patients made a genetic counseling appointment, and 142 patients received genetic counseling. Forty patients (28%) had a personal history of breast cancer but were not previously tested. Following counseling, 105 patients were tested for BRCA1/2. Eight patients (8%) tested positive for a pathogenic mutation and nine (9%) had a variant of unknown significance. Although they tested negative, many patients met the criteria to add breast magnetic resonance imaging to their screening due to greater than 20% lifetime breast cancer risk based on their family cancer history. This study led to improved clinical risk management in 67% of the patients who underwent genetic counseling. Conclusions This study shows that large-scale screening of patients for HBOC syndromes at time of breast imaging is practical and highly feasible. The screening tool identified women with actionable BRCA1/2 mutations and mutation-negative but high-risk women, leading to significant changes in their risk management; these women would otherwise have been missed. Lay summary Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) caused by pathogenic mutations in breast cancer genes (BRCA1/BRCA2) increase an individual's lifetime risk of getting HBOC. Identifying these high-risk individuals and using proven preventive clinical risk management strategies can significantly reduce their lifetime risk of HBOC. Using an innovative family cancer history questionnaire, 34,000 women were screened at a community breast imaging center, and genetic counseling and testing were provided to eligible women from the screening. Several women at high risk for HBOC were identified and this led to positive clinical risk management changes. These women would have been missed if not for intervention.
AN EMPIRICAL EXPLORATION OF THE NEW PRODUCT PROCESS PROFICIENCY–NEW PRODUCT SUCCESS RELATIONSHIP

This study explores the relationship between new product market success and the proficiency with which various stages, as opposed to individual activities, of the new product development (NPD) process are performed. Therefore, this research addresses three major research questions: (1) During which stage(s) of the NPD process does R&D/manufacturing have the greatest impact on new product market success? (2) During which stage(s) of the NPD process does marketing have the greatest impact on new product market success? (3) How do the contributions of R&D/manufacturing and marketing align in the development of new products? The study sample consists of 131 new product projects from the medical devices, electrical equipment, and heavy construction equipment industries. This study was based on a random sample of the firms operating in these three industries. Study data suggest that R&D/manufacturing and marketing impact new product success at different times during the NPD process. This data supports the need for cross-functional integration between R&D/manufacturing and marketing. Recommendations are provided for NPD managers based on study findings.
Groupware: Overview and Perspectives

Groupware reflects a change in emphasis from using the computer to solve problems to using the computer to facilitate human interaction. This paper describes categories and examples of groupware and discusses some underlying groupware issues.
Determination of the upper and lower limits of the mechanistic stoichiometry of incompletely coupled fluxes: stoichiometry of incompletely coupled reactions

A rationale is formulated for the design of experiments to determine the upper and lower limits of the mechanistic stoichiometry of any two incompletely coupled fluxes J1 and J2. Incomplete coupling results when there is a branch at some point in the sequence of reactions or processes coupling the two fluxes. The upper limit of the mechanistic stoichiometry is given by the minimum value of dJ2/dJ1 obtained when the fluxes are systematically varied by changes in steps after the branch point. The lower limit is given by the maximum value of dJ2/dJ1 obtained when the fluxes are varied by changes in steps prior to the branch point. The rationale for determining these limits is developed from both a simple kinetic model and from a linear nonequilibrium thermodynamic treatment of coupled fluxes, using the mechanistic approach [Westerhoff, H. V. & van Dam, K. (1979) Curr. Top. Bioenerg. 9, 1–62]. The phenomenological stoichiometry, the flux ratio at level flow and the affinity ratio at static head of incompletely coupled fluxes are defined in terms of mechanistic conductances and their relationship to the mechanistic stoichiometry is discussed. From the rationale developed, experimental approaches to determine the mechanistic stoichiometry of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are outlined. The principles employed do not require knowledge of the pathway or the rate of transmembrane leaks or slippage and may also be applied to analysis of the stoichiometry of other incompletely coupled systems, including vectorial H+/O and K+/O translocation coupled to mitochondrial electron transport.
Network function virtualization in the multi-tenant cloud

With more and more tenants launching their applications on the cloud, various requirements have been posed regarding the cloud’s performance, security, and management. In the face of tenant demands, the cloud provider deploys different hardware middleboxes, carrying out different network functions, and enhancing the cloud’s capability in serving tenant requirements. While middleboxes are crucial to the cloud, concerns have been raised regarding their costs, manageability, and performance overhead. To tackle these problems, researchers have proposed an alternative to hardware middleboxes: network function virtualization. Software applications are deployed in place of hardware middleboxes, offering equivalent functionalities while greatly improving flexibility, manageability, and cost-efficiency. In this paper we discuss opportunities and challenges that network function virtualization brings to the multi-tenant cloud. We also propose a cloud architecture that exploits virtual network functions. Our contributions can serve as an enlightener for future efforts in this area.
Phosphoinositide metabolism in myocardial tissue

Abstract Hydrolysis of phosphoinositides by phospholipase C (PLC) plays an important role in signal transduction by a variety of receptors that are expressed in the adult mammalian heart. Hydrolysis of myocardial phosphoinositides is correlated with changes in inotropic function and electrophysiologic properties of cardiac myocytes as well as altered expression of myocardial genes. There is substantial evidence that metabolism of phosphoinositides is altered in ischemic and reperfused myocardium. Thus, an understanding of phosphoinositide metabolism in cardiac tissue will provide important insights into the physiology of the normal and the diseased heart. Cardiovascular investigators face significant challenges in delineating the biochemical events that regulate PLC activity in cardiac myocytes. To characterize myocytic metabolism of phosphoinositides, it is necessary to separate cardiac myocytes from nonmyocytic cells under conditions that preserve the integrity of the myocyte. There are significant methodological problems associated with the quantification of phosphoinositide-derived second messengers in cardiac myocytes. Concepts for regulation of myocardial PLC must consider the molecular heterogeneity of isoenzymes of PLC that are expressed in the adult mammalian heart. Each of these issues will be discussed in terms of future strategies for elucidating mechanisms for regulation of myocardial PLC.
Of Rats and Humans: A 35-Year Odyssey in OBM from Laboratory to Real World.

Abstract This article presents the acceptance speech given on behalf of Dr. D. Chris Anderson, the posthumous winner of the 2004 OBM Network Lifetime Achievement Award. The talk describes how the award winner first became involved in applied behavioral work, amidst a productive career as an experimental psychologist at the University of Notre Dame. The ways in which these initial applied efforts led to a long-term involvement in OBM research are described. The award winner also reflects on his goals for pursuing this line of research, his commitment to graduate training in OBM, and some of the lessons learned along the way. The talk concludes with a discussion of the award winner's vision of certain challenges and promises that lie ahead for the field of OBM.
Asset localization in data centers using WUSB radios

Asset tracking is a critical problem in modern data centers with modular and easily movable servers. This paper studies a wireless asset tracking solution built using wireless USB (WUSB) radios that are expected to ubiquitous in future servers. This paper builds on our previous work on direct ranging using WUSB radios and studies algorithms for data center wide localization of all rack mounted servers. The results show that it is possible achieve very low error rates in localization in spite of very stringent constraints (i.e., each server being just 1.8" high) by exploiting the properties of the data center environment.
Effect of coronary arterial bypass surgery on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized study.

Abstract The effect of coronary arterial bypass surgery on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias and their relation to sudden death was examined in 102 patients with stable angina pectoris randomly assigned to medical and surgical therapy (54 and 48 patients, respectively). Symptom-limited treadmill tests were performed at entry and at 1 and 5 years. The surgical group demonstrated significant improvement in exercise performance at 1 year compared with the medical group, and at 5 years exercise-induced ischemia as evidenced by S-T depression and exertional angina remained substantially decreased in the surgical group with little change in the medical group. However, the frequency and severity of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias in each group remained unchanged at 1 and 5 years from those at entry. Similar results were obtained from an evaluation of ventricular arrhythmias in the electrocardiogram at rest. With the exception of exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, no relation was found between ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Coronary bypass grafting does not decrease the frequency or severity of exercise-induced or resting ventricular arrhythmias. In patients with stable angina pectoris, with the exception of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias are poor predictors of sudden death. The data suggest that exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias may not be related to ischemia but to other effects of exercise such as cardiac stimulation by catecholamines or other factors.
Umbilical blood flow in late gestation: A comparison of simultaneous measurements with two different techniques

Abstract The umbilical blood flow of the fetus in utero has been estimated in near-term ewes by two methods based on different assumptions and techniques: (1) by equating it with the quotient of the decrease in maternal oxygen consumption which followed interruption of the umbilical circulation divided by the umbilical venoarterial oxygen difference and (2) by the diffusion equilibrium technique using antipyrine as the test substance. The results obtained are in good agreement. The mean values are 278 and 274 ml. per kilogram per minute, respectively.
Characterizing flanking transmission paths in the NRC-IRC flanking facility

A study was conducted to describe the methodology used in the National Research Council IRC (NRC-IRC) Flanking Facility to systematically measure airborne sound transmission through each flanking path for the 6 junctions of the specimen. The room arrangement in the facility allowed evaluation of 8 horizontal, 4 vertical, 8 diagonal, and 8 cross diagonal pairs of rooms. The floor flanking paths were characterized in the upper rooms of the facility, while the flanking paths of the diagonal and vertical room pairs were estimated using the same methodology. The methodology had its own limitations similar to other measurement methods, despite performing measurements and evaluations.
Speckle reduction in pulsed-laser photographs☆

Abstract A carbon disulfide cell and fiber-optic diffuser have been used in the beam from a pulsed ruby laser to reduce the spatial coherence of the beam and enable nearly speckle-free photographs of transient phenomena to be obtained.
On the microeconomics of food and malnutrition under endogenous discounting

Abstract This paper explores the microeconomics and dynamics of food and nutrition. It examines the linkages between malnutrition and the incentive to invest and accumulate capital. The analysis focuses on a dynamic model where preferences about the future depend on nutrition and health. Situations of malnutrition cover both ends of the spectrum: from nutrient deficiency to obesity. The model involves preferences that are not time-additive and exhibit endogenous discounting. This provides a framework to investigate the factors affecting consumption and investment behavior. The adverse investment incentives of malnutrition are examined.
Does Age of Onset of Risk Behaviors Mediate the Relationship Between Child Abuse and Neglect and Outcomes in Middle Adulthood

Child maltreatment has been linked with a number of risk behaviors that are associated with long-lasting maladaptive outcomes across multiple domains of functioning. This study examines whether the ages of onset of four risk behaviors-sexual intercourse, alcohol use, drug use, and criminal behavior-mediate the relationship between child maltreatment and outcomes in middle adulthood among a sample of court-documented victims of child abuse/neglect and matched controls (N = 1,196; 51.7% female; 66.2% White, 32.6% Black). Adult outcomes included employment status, welfare receipt, internalizing symptoms of anxiety and depressive symptoms, substance use problems, and criminal arrests. The results indicated gender differences in these relationships. For females, age of onset of sexual intercourse mediated the relationship between child abuse/neglect and both internalizing symptoms and substance use problems in middle adulthood. For males, age at first criminal arrest mediated the relationship between child abuse/neglect and extensive involvement in the justice system in middle adulthood. Age of onset of alcohol use and drug use did not mediate the relationship between child abuse/neglect and middle adult outcomes. This study expands current knowledge by identifying associations between early initiation of risk behavior in one domain and later, continuing problems in different domains. Thus, early initiation of specific risk behaviors may have more wide-ranging negative consequences than are typically considered during intervention or treatment and strategies may need to target multiple domains of functioning.
Ferromanganese crusts from Necker Ridge, Horizon Guyot and S.P. Lee Guyot: Geological considerations

Abstract Necker Ridge, Horizon Guyot and S.P. Lee Guyot in the Central Pacific were sampled, seismically surveyed, and photographed by bottom cameras in order to better understand the distribution, origin, and evolution of ferromanganese crusts. Necker Ridge is over 600 km long with a rugged crest, pods of sediment to 146 m thick, slopes that average 12° to 20°, and debris aprons that cover some of the lower flanks. Substrate lithologies are mostly hyaloclastite, volcaniclastic breccia, and minor alkalic basalt. Horizon Guyot, 300 km long and 75 km wide, is capped by at least 160 m of sediment, which buries stepped terraces. Substrate lithologies are similar to those on Necker Ridge, although previous workers sampled much tholeiitic basalt on Horizon. S.P. Lee Guyot, 125 km long and 80 km wide, is capped by at least 300 m of sediment, and contains talus aprons along its lower flanks. Ferromanganese-encrusted rocks were recovered in every dredge and are thickest on Necker Ridge. Crust thicknesses average about 2.5, 1.5, and 0.8 cm for Necker, Horizon, and S.P. Lee, respectively. Crusts range from smooth or porous surfaces to knobby and botryoidal. The entire crust is laminated, however, two distinct layers commonly exist, separated by a paper-thin layer of phosphorite. The dominant mineral of all crusts is vernadite (δ-MnO 2 ), while quartz, feldspar, apatite, and, in three rocks todorokite, are minor phases. Quartz and feldspar decrease with decreasing latitude of occurrence, and is suggested to be related to eolian input. On the average, apatite also increases within the crusts with decreasing latitude of occurrence, which may be related to high biological productivity in the zone of equatorial upwelling. Phosphorite substrates are more abundant on Necker Ridge and S.P. Lee Guyot than they are on Horizon Guyot. Seamount ferromanganese nodules are distinct from abyssal nodules in their chemistry and internal structure.
MIDLATITUDE NEUTRAL THERMOSPHERE DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS.

Midlatitude neutral thermosphere density and temperature measurements, noting effect of atomic oxygen adsorption by instruments
Case Report: Metolazone-Associated Hypercalcemia and Acute Pancreatitis

ABSTRACT Metolazone-induced acute pancreatitis and hypercalcemia are described in a 58- year-old woman with severe congestive cardiac failure. Her symptoms and laboratory abnormalities rapidly resolved upon discontinuation of metolazone. Both clinical and laboratory findings make other etiologies for the patient’s pancreatitis extremely unlikely. The pathophysiology of thiazide-related hypercalcemia and pancreatitis is reviewed. To our knowledge, neither hypercalcemia nor the combination of acute pancreatitis with hypercalcemia has been reported previously in association with metolazone therapy, and the association of pancreatitis and metolazone has been noted previously only once.
Rationale against the drug treatment of marginal diastolic systemic hypertension.

In this article, Freis argued that borderline and many mildly hypertensive patients did not necessarily require drug treatment. In most cases, the condition could be treated through regular exercise, weight reduction, cessation of smoking, or restricting salt and alcohol intake.
Epidemic parotitis (mumps) and acute appendicitis

Abstract Two cases of acute appendicitis and epidemic parotitis have been reported. A general survey of the literature and a careful analysis of these cases do not tend to substantiate the theory of Benassi that epidemic parotitis and acute appendicitis are caused by the same organism. It is felt that the condition when found is coincidental.
Field emission signature of pentagons at carbon nanotube caps

Localization of emitting states and their tunneling probabilities cause the nanotube cap geometry to have decisive impact on field emission patterns and currents. We show how different arrangements of pentagon rings at the tip can create specific field emission features, utilizing a method based on first principles calculations. The results give an explanation for different field emission patterns observed in experiments, and provide a feasible way to distinguish different cap structures from experimental results. A set of general rules is deduced to infer the tip configuration through the experimental field emission patterns. The calculations agree very well with our experimental results, and are of fundamental interest in characterization and design of carbon nanotube emitters and probes.
Detection of selection utilizing molecular phylogenetics: a possible approach

The neutral theory of molecular evolution (Kimura 1985) is the basis for most current statistical tests for detecting selection, mainly using polymorphism data within species, divergence data between species, and/or genomic structures like linkage disequilibrium (Wang et al. 2006). In most cases informative tests can only be constructed with ample variations within these parameters and many common tests are difficult to formulate when identity-by-descent is not clear, for example in gene families or repetitive elements. With the current progress being made toward whole-genome sequencing and re-sequencing efforts, as well as protein sequencing via tandem mass spectrometry where genomic sequencing is lacking, we felt it was necessary to re-visit possible methods for rapid screening and detection of evolutionary outliers. These outliers might be of interest for other research, such as candidate gene association studies or genome annotations, drug- and disease-target searches, and functional studies. We focused on methods that would work on both protein and nucleotide data, could be used on large gene or protein domain families, and could be generated quickly in order for “first pass” annotation of large scale data. For these reasons, we chose properties of trees generated routinely in molecular phylogenetic studies; genetic distance, tree shape and balance, and internal node statistics (Heard 1992). Our current research looking at protein domain family data and phylogenetic trees from PFAM (Finn et al. 2008) suggests this approach towards detecting evolutionary outliers is feasible, but additional work will be necessary to determine the parameters that suggest either positive or negative selection is occurring in specific gene families. This is particularly true when other factors such as rapid duplication and deletion of genes containing these domains is taking place, and we suggest phylogenetic statistics may be useful in combination with existing methodologies for detailed studies of gene family data.
R70-19 Frequency of Decomposability Among Machines with a Large Number of States

An arbitrary sequential machine M may or may not be able to be decomposed into a series-parallel interconnection of two or more smaller machines. It seems natural to ask the following.
Supporting Digital Natives to Learn Effectively with Technology Tools.

Majority of learners in our classrooms are digital natives or Millennials â€“ a category of learners who tend toward independence and autonomy in their learning styles. The primary challenges then facing instructors include: How do digital natives learn and how do you teach them? The answers to these questions will help instructors to: (a) identify and develop learning instructional offerings that are appropriate to their cognitive learning patterns, and (b) find strategies that focus on millennialsâ€™ interest and use of technology. This article highlights the need to integrate active student-centered strategies into classroom instruction to support digital natives to learn effectively with technology.
SOME EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PHOSPHATE COMPOU NDS ON IRON AND CALCIUM ABSORPTION

Different phosphates commonly used in food processing have been evaluated for their effects on iron and calcium absorption. In growing rats, addition of phosphates to diets caused decreased iron absorption, decreased hemoglobin concentrations and depressed liver iron values in both the control and achlorhydric animals. Liver iron values were somewhat depressed in the mature rats which was slightly more severe in the achlorhydric animals. Sodium pyrophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate impaired iron metabolism more severely than dibasic sodium phosphate and sodium metaphosphate in both age groups; this effect tended to be greater in the achlorhydric animals. In the growing rats, addition of phosphates to the diets decreased calcium absorption and femur calcium content, the severity of which was greater in the achlorhydric animals. Sodium tripolyphosphate caused consistent decreases in bone calcium content. The phosphate effects were definitely more severe in the achlorhydric growing rats and tended to be more severe in the achlorhydric mature rats. The data presented indicate that the various phosphates have different effects on calcium and iron metabolism and that these effects are magnified by achlorhydria.
Parent driver characteristics associated with sub-optimal restraint of child passengers.

Objectives. To identify parent driver demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with the use of sub-optimal restraints for child passengers under nine years. Methods. Cross-sectional study using in-depth, validated telephone interviews with parent drivers in a probability sample of 3,818 vehicle crashes involving 5,146 children. Sub-optimal restraint was defined as use of forward-facing child safety seats for infants under one or weighing under 20 lbs, and any seat-belt use for children under 9. Results. Sub-optimal restraint was more common among children under one and between four and eight years than among children aged one to three years (18%, 65%, and 5%, respectively). For children under nine, independent risk factors for sub-optimal restraint were: non-Hispanic black parent drivers (with non-Hispanic white parents as reference, adjusted relative risk, adjusted RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.41); less educated parents (with college graduate or above as reference: high school, adjusted RR =...
Mesenteric Inflammatory Veno-occlusive Disorder: A Rare Entity Mimicking Inflammatory Bowel Disorder

Mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disorder (MIVOD) is a rare variety of inflammatory bowel disease. In addition to the case presentation, pathogenesis, and conflicting clinical, endoscopic, and computed tomography findings, we present for the first time the angiographic findings that would provide important clues to distinguish MIVOD from the chronic idiopathic variety of inflammatory bowel disease and confirm the diagnosis of MIVOD. Final diagnosis is made on full-thickness biopsy. Although medical treatment of MIVOD is unsuccessful, surgical resection of the involved segment results in resolution of symptoms.