cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A SURVEY OF PARENT TRAINING MANUALS

Twenty-six commercially available parent training manuals were surveyed with the goal of providing helpful information to the professional for selection of manuals. Included were manuals for parents as well as manuals for professionals for use in conducting individual or group treatment. The following information was given for all manuals: the characteristics of the target populations for whom the manuals were intended, readability levels, use made of technical language, provision of glossary, organization and format of the book, availability of supplementary materials such as leaders' guides, and references to reviews by other authors. In an additional section, the research literature dealing with evaluation of these manuals was reviewed and summarized as a means of acquainting the reader with the available scientific information on their effectiveness. A report on the status of each manual in terms of evaluation was provided in tabular form. The evaluation of manuals by conduct of empirical research to determine their usefulness to the consumer was emphasized.
Final Sintering of Cr2O3

The effect of oxygen activity on the sintering of high-purity Cr2O3 is shown. Theoretical density was approached at the equilibrium O2 partial pressure needed to maintain the Cr2O3 phase (Po2=2×10−12 atm). The presence of N2 in the atmosphere during sintering did not prevent final sintering. The addition of 0.1 wt% MgO at this equilibrium pressure effectively controlled the grain growth and further increased the sintered density to very near the theoretical value. The solute segregation of MgO at the grain boundaries, followed by nucleation of spherulites of magnesium chromite spinel on the boundaries, accounted for the grain-growth control. It is speculated that these isolated spherulites locked the grain boundaries together, changing the fracture mode of the sintered oxide from inter-to intragranular and also that larger MgO additions produced a more continuous spinel formation at the boundaries, resulting in decreased sintered density. Weight loss, which was also monitored as a function of O2 activity, correlated with the changing predominant volatile species in the Cr-O system.
Simultaneous in vivo dynamic magnetic resonance-diffuse optical tomography for small animal imaging.

We present simultaneous measurement of enhancement kinetics of an optical and a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent in a small animal breast tumor model (R3230 ac) using a combined MR-diffuse optical tomographic (MR-DOT) imaging system. A mixture of a small molecular-weight MR contrast agent gadolinium-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and a large molecular-weight optical contrast agent indocyanine green (ICG) was administered intravenously for multimodal dynamic imaging. Coregistration of optical and MR images was accomplished using agar-water–based markers. Using T2 and dynamic T1 weighted MR images, we divided the entire tumor into two regions of interest (ROI): a viable and a nonviable region. The absorption enhancements in the ROIs were calculated. An enhancement of the ICG was observed in the viable region. On the contrary, there was a lower enhancement in the nonviable region.
Red Bones and Earth Mothers: A Contemporary Exploration of Colorism and its PerceptionAmong African American Female Adolescents

RED BONES AND EARTH MOTHERS: A CONTEMPORARY EXPLORATION OF COLORISM AND ITS PERCEPTION AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE ADOLESCENTS By Morgan Lindsey Maxwell, B.S., M.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013. Major Director: Faye Z. Belgrave, Professor of Psychology Department of Psychology Research on colorism continues to gain momentum across several disciplines. However, while varied studies have explored the social phenomenon among adult populations, especially those of African ancestry, few have systematically investigated the extent to which African American youth are exposed to or endorse hierarchical perceptions of skin color. The current study addresses this void in colorism literature. Employing a grounded theory approach, the present investigation examines African American female adolescents’ perceptions of skin color, aiming specifically to understand the sociocultural factors that underpin and contribute to colorist socializations as well as sources of skin color messages. Five focus groups and nine interviews were conducted with 30 African American girls ranging in age from 12-16. Participants were recruited from local Boys and Girls clubs, neighborhood centers, and nonprofit organizations. Participants were asked such a priori based questions as: 1) What do people think about light skin Black girls? 2) What do people think about dark skin Black girls? 3) What messages about skin color do you hear from Rap music? and 4) Do Black men and boys prefer girls of certain skin colors. Constant comparison data analysis and coding revealed African Americans girls are, in fact, exposed to and endorse hierarchical perceptions of skin color, the central phenomenon Three core categories related to the central phenomenon emerged: 1) sources of skin color messages, e.g. family and rap music 2) skin color messages, e.g. skin color governs social standing, physical attributes, and personality/behavioral traits and 3) effects of skin color messages, e.g. mate preferences, desires to change one’s appearance, and within-race division. From these three core categories emerged seven subcategories and themes that offer additional information and insight into the central phenomenon. Findings from this study indicate African American young females are significantly influenced by skin color preferences, and thus may stand to gain from the development of curricula or programs designed to counter colorist stereotypes, reduce the effects of skin color biases, and promote a greater sense of selfsatisfaction and wellbeing.
Mass spectrometry sequencing of transfer ribonucleic acids by the comparative analysis of RNA digests (CARD) approach

The comparative analysis of ribonucleic acid digests (CARD) approach for sequencing of transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) is described. This method is enabled by the differential labeling of two tRNA populations. A set of reference tRNAs, whose complete sequences including modifications are known, are labeled with 16O during enzymatic digestion. The second (candidate) set of tRNAs, whose sequence information is desired, is labeled with 18O. By combining the two digests, digestion products that share the same sequence between the reference and candidate will appear as doublets separated by 2 Da. Sequence or modification differences between the two will generate singlets that can be further characterized to identify how the candidate sequence differs from the reference. Using CARD, ca. 80% of the tRNAs from the bacterium Citrobacter koseri can be sequenced using ribonuclease T1 with Escherichia coli tRNAs as the reference. During these studies, we also discovered a sequence error for Escherichia coli tRNA-Thr1, and use this method to confirm the correct sequence for that tRNA.
Ternary atom site location in L12-structured intermetallic compounds

Ternary sublattice site occupancy in two L12-structured intermetallic compounds were evaluated by a transmission electron microscope technique called ALCHEMI, or atom site location by channeling enhanced microanalysis, and by x-ray diffractometry, through measuring the relative integrated intensity of fundamental and superlattice x-ray diffraction peaks. The x-ray diffractometry showed that in nickel-rich Ni3Al + Hf hafnium was found to occupy preferentially the aluminum sublattice, and in a multiphase alloy an L12-structured phase with the composition Al74.2Ti19Ni6.8 nickel atoms showed a strong preference for the titanium sublattice. The ALCHEMI data broadly agreed with the x-ray results for Ni3Al but gave completely the opposite result, i.e., a preference of nickel for the titanium sublattice, for Al3Ti. The methods of ALCHEMI and x-ray diffractometry are compared, and it is concluded that ALCHEMI data may be easily convoluted by peak overlap and delocalization effects.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Household Plumbing of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Disease

To determine whether plumbing could be a source of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection, during 2007-2009 I isolated NTM from samples from household water systems of NTM patients. Samples from 22/37 (59%) households and 109/394 (28%) total samples yielded NTM. Seventeen (46%) of the 37 households yielded ≥1 Mycobacterium spp. isolate of the same species as that found in the patient; in 7 of those households, the patient isolate and 1 plumbing isolate exhibited the same repetitive sequence-based PCR DNA fingerprint. Households with water heater temperatures ≤125 degrees C (≤50 degrees C) were significantly more likely to harbor NTM compared with households with hot water temperatures ≥130 degrees F (≥55 degrees C) (p = 0.0107). Although households with water from public or private water systems serving multiple households were more likely to have NTM (19/27, 70%) compared with households with a well providing water to only 1 household (5/12, 42%), that difference was not significant (p = 0.1532).
Systems Biology of Vaccination in the Elderly

Aging population demographics, combined with suboptimal vaccine responses in the elderly, make the improvement of vaccination strategies in the elderly a developing public health issue. The immune system changes with age, with innate and adaptive cell components becoming increasingly dysfunctional. As such, vaccine responses in the elderly are impaired in ways that differ depending on the type of vaccine (e.g., live attenuated, polysaccharide, conjugate, or subunit) and the mediators of protection (e.g., antibody and/or T cell). The rapidly progressing field of systems biology has been shown to be useful in predicting immunogenicity and offering insights into potential mechanisms of protection in young adults. Future application of systems biology to vaccination in the elderly may help to identify gene signatures that predict suboptimal responses and help to identify more accurate correlates of protection. Moreover, the identification of specific defects may be used to target novel vaccination strategies that improve efficacy in elderly populations.
Importance of Social Support in the Adjustment of Children with Learning Problems

This study examined the social networks, social supports, friendships, and adjustment of 106 4th-, 5th- and 6th-grade children. Forty children were receiving special education services for learning problems, 66 were in general education. Results showed that children with and without learning problems did not differ on the size or composition of their social networks nor on the negative features of their friendships (conflict, competition). However, children with learning problems used their network differently for support. They turned to the family less for problem-solving support and to peers less for all types of support than children without learning problems. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for children with learning problems as they enter adolescence.
Online Dependability Assessment through Runtime Monitoring and Prediction

Computer science and engineering have, in comparison to other areas, focused on abstraction and technology, chasing the ever-changing artifacts, namely, computer and communication hardware and software. At the beginning, a focus was on functionality, a decade later on performance, next the focus was widened by including cost minimization and later quality-of-service.The result is that the time for modeling, measurements and assessment is limited and once some hypotheses are verified in part, they frequently become obsolete due new technologies, environments and applications. Not surprisingly, computer science community can boast a relatively small number of useful "laws" and principles not only due to dynamicity but also due to immense diversity of applications. Nevertheless, we are an optimistic folk, always trying to solve all the world's problems, generalize to death (proposing, rarely useful, general models, meta-models and meta-meta-models) as in, for example, software development process where there are no limitations so one can easily promise anything and defy any laws of feasibility or reasonableness (unlike hardware engineers who are constrained by physics).
Public Sociology and Democratic Theory

On the eve of the Second World War, the Danish sociologist Svend Ranulf wrote a samizdat study in the history of sociology, which he later published under the title ‘Scholarly Forerunners of Fascism’ (1939). It is a stark reminder that sociology has always been in conflict or potential conflict with liberal democracy. Although classics such as those by Emile Durkheim and Ferdinand Tonnies were also prominently featured, August Comte earned a privileged place in Ranulf’s text for his attacks on the idea of freedom of conscience and the ‘anarchy of opinions’ in his time. These make for shocking reading even today. Comte denounced the very idea of a liberal public making decisions based on discussion, ridiculed citizens for forming their own opinions, and called for state control over the dispersion of ideas.
EMG power spectra frequencies associated with various motor unit recruitment strategies

The objective of this study is to validate the hypothesis described, establishing the relationships between the MF (median frequency) and orderly recruitment of motor units. It is shown that linear orderly recruitment results in linear increase in the MF. It is also clear that firing-rate (FR) increase does not have an impact on the MF during recruitment or by itself. It is therefore concluded that the MF is directly related to orderly recruitment of motor units via their CV properties. It is also suggested that the MF monitoring during voluntary, increasing force contraction can identify the muscle recruitment strategy but not its FR behavior. >
An age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs in the Delaware Bay area to assess harvest and egg availability for shorebirds

25403 ABSTRACT: The objective of this simulation study was to create an age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) in the Delaware Bay region using best available estimates of age-specific mortality and recent harvest levels. Density dependence was incorporated using a spatial model relating egg mortality with abundance of spawning females. Combinations of annual female harvest (0, 50, 100, and 200 thousand), timing of female harvest (before or after spawning), and three levels of density-dependent egg mortality were simulated. The probability of the population increasing was high (. 80%) with low and medium egg mortality and harvest less than 200 thousand females per year. Under the high egg mortality case, the probability of the population increasing was , 50% regardless of harvest. Harvest occurring after spawning increased the probability of population growth. The number of eggs available to shorebirds was highest when egg mortality was lowest and female abundance was at its highest levels. Although harvest and egg mortality influenced population growth and food availability to shorebirds, sensitivity and elasticity analyses showed that early-life stage mortality, age 0 mortality in particular, was the most important parameter for population growth. Our modeling results indicate areas where further research is needed and suggest effective management will involve a combination of harvest management and actions to increase early juvenile survival.
The Complex of Apomyoglobin with the Fluorescent Dye Coumarin 153

Understanding a protein’s dielectric response requires both a theoretical model and a well-defined experimental system. The former has already been proposed by Song (J. Chem. Phys. 116, 9359 [2002]). We suggest that the latter is provided by the complex of coumarin 153 (C153) with apomyoglobin (ApoMb). C153 has been exhaustively studied and has proven to be an excellent probe of the solvation dynamics of polar solvents. Myoglobin is one of the most thoroughly studied proteins. Myoglobins from a wide range of species have been subject to X-ray structural analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a robust C153–apomyglobin system by means of molecular dynamics simulations, equilibrium binding studies using a Job’s plot and capillary electrophoresis, circular dichroism and time-resolved fluorescence. The reorganization energy of C153 bound to ApoMb is compared with that of C153 in bulk solvent using the method of Jordanides et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 7995 [1999]).
The Boyish Look and the Liberated Woman: The Politics and Aesthetics of Women's Hairstyles

(1997). The Boyish Look and the Liberated Woman: The Politics and Aesthetics of Women's Hairstyles. Fashion Theory: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 367-397.
Optimal Control Theory

The theory of optimal control is one of the major areas of application of mathematics today. From its early inception to meet the demands of automatic control system design in engineering, it has grown steadily in scope and now has spread to many other far removed areas such as economics. Until recently the theory has been limited to “lumped parameter systems”— systems governed by ordinary differential equations. In fact, it is most developed for linear ordinary differential equations—particularly feedback control for quadratic performance index—where the results are most complete and closest to use in practical design. The extension to partial differential equations (and delay differential equations) is currently an active area of research and holds much promise. It is natural that this extension deal with linear systems not only for mathematical reasons but also for reasons of practicality. The theory of semigroups of linear operators developed in the last chapter lends a convenient setting for this purpose and offers many advantages. It provides a useful degree of generality and serves, for instance, to distinguish between those aspects peculiar to the particular partial differential equation involved and those which are more general. Not the least advantage is the structural similarity to the familiar finite-dimensional model. Of course, semigroup theory per se applies only to time invariant systems; but this is not a serious limitation.
A Simulation Test Bed for Coordination of Unmanned Rotorcraft and Ground Vehicles

This paper presents the development of a simulation test bed for a command, control, computer, communication, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C 4 ISR) system. The test bed features coordination of a rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle (RUAV) and multiple unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) by integrating a high-fidelity rotorcraft model with actual ground-based robots that emulate UGVs. The RUAV component of the test bed is realized on a networked computer simulation, whereas networked robotics hardware is employed for the UGV representation. The RUAV dynamics run a high-fidelity nonlinear simulation model of a UH-60A Black Hawk helicopter. To emulate the dynamics of the UGVs, several networked Segway robots are employed. The proposed C 4 ISR system undertakes the task of mission management from the top level discrete-event supervision (DES) to the bottom level continuous-time regulation.
Effects of inspection figure persistence on a figural aftereffect

Four experimental and four control Ss were presented monocularly with a large white circle on a black background (Inspection figure). Then Ss were asked to switch to the opposite eye and make relative size judgments of two smaller circles, equal in size, one of which (the T-figure) was centered on the same point as the I-figure. For FAE control Ss the I-figure was removed during and subsequent to the brief period required to change to the opposite eye, whereas experimental Ss were treated identically except that the I-figure persisted in its former position during testing. Control Ss typically judged the T-figure to be smaller than the comparison figure, thus exhibiting reliable figural aftereffects. Experimental Ss typically judged the T-figure to be larger than the comparison figure, exhibiting a reliable reversal of FAE.
Compatibility of Picloram and 2,4-D with Urophora affinis and U. quadrifasciata (Diptera: Tephritidae) for Spotted Knapweed Control

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the acute effects of spring applications of 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid), picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2- pyridinecarboxylic acid), and a 2,4-D + picloram mixture on overwintering larvae of Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld) and U. quadrifasciata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Lamarck (Compositae: Cynareae). Also, the chronic effects of picloram on the re-establishment of the flies into previously treated spotted knapweed sites were evaluated. Spring applications of 2,4-D, picloram, or their combination did not significantly affect larval-pupal mortality rates of U. affinis. Picloram and a picloram- 2,4-D mixture did not significantly affect U. quadrifasciata mortality. There were significant differences, albeit conflicting, between the high and low rates of 2,4-D in the two plots studied. Flies from one plot exhibited a higher rate of mortality with the high rate of 2,4-D, whereas flies from the second plot displayed higher mortality with the lower rate of 2,4-D. No long-term impacts of picloram on the re-establishment of Urophora spp. into previously treated sites were found. Infestation rates (number of galls per capitulum and percent capitula infested) for the two fly species in treated plots were not significantly different from those in control plots. Larval-pupal mortality rates for both species were also not significantly affected. The results of these studies suggest that applications of 2,4-D and picloram are generally compatible with the utilization of these two biological control agents for the management of spotted knapweed in northern Idaho.
Stochastic Extended LQR for Optimization-Based Motion Planning Under Uncertainty

We introduce a novel optimization-based motion planner, the stochastic extended linear quadratic regulator (SELQR), which computes a trajectory and associated linear control policy with the objective of minimizing the expected value of a user-defined cost function. SELQR applies to robotic systems that have stochastic nonlinear dynamics with motion uncertainty modeled by Gaussian distributions that can be state- and control-dependent. In each iteration, SELQR uses a combination of forward and backward value iteration to estimate the cost-to-come and the cost-to-go for each state along a trajectory. SELQR then locally optimizes each state along the trajectory at each iteration to minimize the expected total cost, which results in smoothed states that are used for dynamics linearization and cost function quadratization. SELQR progressively improves the approximation of the expected total cost, resulting in higher quality plans. For applications with imperfect sensing, we extend SELQR to plan in the robot’s belief space. We show that our iterative approach achieves fast and reliable convergence to high-quality plans in multiple simulated scenarios involving a car-like robot, a quadrotor, and a medical steerable needle performing a liver biopsy procedure.
Synthesis and CO2 Insertion Reactivity of Allyluranium Metallocene Complexes

The U4+ metallocene allyl chloride complexes (C5Me5)2U[η3-CH2C(R)CH2]Cl (R = H, Me) can be synthesized by reaction of (C5Me5)2UCl2 with 1 equiv of the corresponding allyl Grignard reagents, [CH2C(R)CH2]MgCl, in hydrocarbon solvents. Bis(allyl)uranium complexes can also be obtained in this manner using 2 equiv of the corresponding allyl Grignard, and X-ray crystallographic studies reveal the presence of both η3- and η1-allyl ligands: (C5Me5)2U[η3-CH2C(R)CH2][η1-CH2C(R)═CH2]. Sodium amalgam reduction of (C5Me5)2U[η3-CH2C(R)CH2]Cl generates the U3+ metallocene allyl complexes (C5Me5)2U[η3-CH2C(R)CH2]. Carbon dioxide reacts with the U4+ allyl complexes to form the U–C insertion products (C5Me5)2U[κ2O,O′-O2CCH2CH═CH2]2–xClx (x = 0, 1). The dicarboxylate (C5Me5)2U[κ2O,O′-O2CCH2CH═CH2]2, which has a 171.98(5)° O–U–O angle, reacts with Me3SiCl to regenerate (C5Me5)2UCl2 and liberate Me3SiOC(O)CH2CH═CH2.
Nonlinear dynamic response of shallow arches

Buckled beams and shallow arches exhibit nonlinear force-deflection curves as a result of their geometric shape. These structural components share the common characteristic of nonlinear loaddeflection curves, exhibiting both stable and unstable equilibrium states. Previous work has shown that with the application of sufficiently large static or dynamic loads, snap-buckling can occur, in which the structure suddenly jumps from one stable equilibrium configuration to another. The dynamic response due to harmonic forcing has been shown to contain orbits encompassing either of the stable equilibrium positions, or orbits encompassing both the stable and unstable equilibrium positions. The investigation of the dynamic response of a shallow arch is undertaken using a two rigid-link, singledegree-of-freedom model. The method of harmonic balance, coupled with a continuation scheme, is used to find the solutions for an entire range of externally applied loading. Floquet analysis provides the requisite stability information, as well as information about the bifurcation points encountered in the solution. The dynamic response of the arch to harmonic forcing is shown to exhibit both symmetric Ph. D. Candidate Mcmbcr AIAA
The first mastotermitid termite from Africa (Isoptera: Mastotermitidae): a new species of Mastotermes from the early Miocene of Ethiopia

Abstract. The first mastotermitid termite from Africa is described and figured from wing fragments recovered from the early Miocene (22–21 Ma) deposits of the Mush Valley, Amhara Region, central Ethiopia. Mastotermes aethiopicus new species is the second fossil termite recorded from Africa and expands the known paleo-distribution of the genus from tropical North America and Europe into northeastern Africa during the Miocene. Mastotermes aethiopicus is distinguished from the living M. darwiniensis Froggatt and other Neogene species of the genus, and comments are provided regarding the occurrence of this genus in the tropical fauna of Miocene Ethiopia.
Surveillance of Iodine Content in Salt in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in 2012

Objective To investigate the iodine content in salt,coverage rate of iodine salt and taking rate of theiodine salt in residents of Qiandongnan in 2012,and thus to provide a basis for continuous carrying the prevention and control work on iodine deficiency disorders.Methods A total of 320 surveillance spots in 16 counties and cities of Qiandongnan were randomly selected according to Surveillance Scheme of Iodine Deficiency Disorder of Guizhou Province,and no less than 50 grams of salt in each 15 randomly selected households were detected according to GB / T13025.7-1999.Results Altogether 4 800 samples of salt were detected,the average content level was 30.13mg / kg;the coverage rate was 99.80 and the qualified rate of edible salt was 97.65%;non-iodized salt rate was 0.10%.Conclusion The coverage rate and qualified edible rate of salt meet the Elimination Standard of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and the quality of iodine salt is generally in well;the reason for a comparatively large fluctuation is that selling of salt produced based on old standard.
Error identification and correction in human computation: lessons from the WPA

Human computing promises new capabilities that cannot be easily provided by computing machinery. However, humans are less disciplined than their mechanical counterparts and hence are liable to produce accidental or deliberate mistakes. As we start to develop regimes for identifying and correcting errors in human computation, we find an important model in the computing groups that operated at the start of the 20th century.
Large-scale model-assisted bundle adjustment using Gaussian max-mixtures

This paper reports on a model-assisted bundle adjustment framework in which visually-derived features are fused with an underlying three-dimensional (3D) mesh provided a priori. By using an approach inspired by the expectation-maximization (EM) class of algorithms, we introduce a hidden binary label for each visual feature that indicates if that feature is considered part of the nominal model, or if the feature corresponds to 3D structure that is absent from this model. Therefore, in addition to improved estimates of the feature locations, we can also label the features based on their deviation from the model. We show that this method is a special case of the Gaussian max-mixtures framework, which can be efficiently incorporated into state-of-the-art graph-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) solvers. We provide field tests taken from the Bluefin Robotics Hovering Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (HAUV) surveying the SS Curtiss.
Fall-sown cover crops as mulches for weed suppression in organic small-scale diversified vegetable production.

Cover crop-based reduced tillage (CCBRT) has achieved positive impacts in organic row crop systems, contributing to the conservation of soil resources and the facilitation of weed management. This technique, which uses cover crop residues as mulches to suppress weeds, has shown more variable success in organic vegetable production systems. This experiment examined CCBRT for small-scale organic vegetable production in the upper Midwestern USA, specifically evaluating weed suppression, labor inputs and crop yields. Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were fall-sown in 2012 and 2013 in a strip-plot design, including control treatments with no cover crop and spring-applied oat straw mulch. Cover crop plots were strip-tilled in mid-April to establish a planting zone, with cover crops terminated in late May at anthesis with a hand-tractor mounted sickle-bar mower. Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. var. ‘Revolution’), snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. ‘Tavera’), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. var. ‘Red La Soda’) were hand-planted either as transplants or seed in each treatment immediately following cover crop termination. During each summer growing season, weeds were completely eliminated from each plot by hand approximately every 10–14 days, with time for manual weeding recorded for each treatment. Vegetable crop yields and quality were measured at harvest during 2013 and 2014. Cereal rye and winter wheat produced similar biomass at the time of termination. Greater weed biomass was collected in the wheat treatment as compared with the cereal rye, increasing the in-season labor required for manual weeding. Bean yields were decreased in the all CCBRT treatments compared with control treatments in both years of the study. Pepper yields did not differ in CCBRT treatments as compared with the control in both 2012 and 2013, although the CCBRT treatments did yield lower marketable peppers compared with the straw mulch plots. Potato tuber yields were not different in the CCBRT treatments as compared with the control in 2012, but were lower in 2013. These data indicate that, if CCBRT is to be more widely adopted in small-scale vegetable production, further optimization of the system must be achieved to ensure consistent and adequate weed suppression while maintaining crop yield and quality.
Iron Overload in the Face of Anemia

Abstract Several distinct congenital disorders can lead to tissue-iron overload with anemia including β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. We show that intestinal absorption of iron is highly increased and significantly contributes to tissue iron accumulation in these disorders. The present work describes a novel pathway by which oxygen sensing transcription factors are highly upregulated in iron overload anemias and are subsequently essential for the increase intestinal iron absorption. Oxygen signaling is mediated through well-conserved hypoxia driven transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1a and HIF2a. In the intestine, HIF2a directly activates divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), duodenal ferric reductase (DcytB), and Fpn1, which are iron transporters critical for adaptive changes in iron absorption. We demonstrate that HIF2a and its downstream target gene, DMT1 are essential for iron accumulation in mouse models of β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Furthermore, studies of thalassemic mouse model with established iron overload demonstrated that loss of intestinal HIF2a and DMT1 signaling led to decreased tissue iron accumulation in the livers. Interestingly, disrupting intestinal HIF2a not only improves tissue iron accumulation, but a marked improvement of anemia was also observed. These novel findings suggests that inhibition of HIF2a signaling pathway could be a novel and robust treatment strategy for several conditions that cause iron overload with anemia. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Demographic and clinical profile of patients presenting at the low vision clinic of a tertiary eye care facility in Kerala

Aim: To analyze the demographic and clinical profile of patients attending the low vision clinic of a tertiary eye care facility in Kerala. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study at the low vision clinic of a tertiary eye care facility in Kerala between May 2007 and May 2016. Information regarding the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients and low vision rehabilitation done were recorded. Results: Out of the total 916 new patients, 51.31% were males and 48.69% were females. Thirty-three percent were above 60 years, 26.24% were between 40 and 60 years, 16.11% were between 17 and 35 years. Mean age was 51.2 ± 23.5 years. Major etiological diseases were age-related macular degeneration (18.51%), diabetic retinopathy (18.1%), optic atrophy (14.2%), retinitis pigmentosa (13.03%), etc. A total of 39.94% were prescribed high plus spectacles, 35.64% stand magnifiers, 15.39% bifocal spectacles, and had 9.01% hand magnifiers. Conclusion: The demographic and clinical characteristics of low vision patients of the study population are similar to that of the developed countries. The barriers to utilization of resources need to be analyzed through further studies.
A Pediatric Patient with ANNA-1 Associated Opsoclonus Myoclonus and Epilepsia Partialis Continua (P5.137)

Objective : To report a pediatric patient with epilepsia partialis continua, opsoclonus myoclonus (OMS), seropositivity for ANNA-1 and a paraspinal neuroblastoma. Background : OMS consists of involuntary, chaotic eye movements, myoclonus of the limbs, and ataxia. Neuroblastoma is found in about half of children with OMS and most cases occur in children less than 2 years of age. There are few reported cases of the presence of ANNA-1 (anti-Hu) in children with neuroblastoma and OMS, all occurring in children less than 3 years old. Concurrent OMS and epilepsia partialis continua has not been reported in children. Design/Methods/Results: An 11-year-old female presented with new onset focal seizures without alteration of consciousness, opsoclonus and ataxic limb movements. Initial brain MRI demonstrated an area of increased T2/FLAIR signal in the right mesial temporal lobe and left subinsular region. Despite escalating anti-epileptic treatments, her seizures continued. CSF analysis demonstrated 20 OCBs and IgG index 1.58, with other indices normal. Serum and CSF paraneoplastic panel (Mayo Medical Laboratories) returned positive with ANNA-1 titers of 1:7680 (serum) and 1:1024 (CSF). She was treated with IV methylprednisolone, plasmapheresis and IVIG without clear benefit. Spinal MRI revealed a paraspinal mass at the L2-L4 level. Biopsy and partial resection were performed and showed a ganglioneuroblastoma (nodular subtype). Relevant features include non-amplification of N-MYC, low MKI, no increased uptake on MIBG, and negative urine HVA and VMA. She was started on chemotherapy per protocol ANBL0532. After 3 rounds, she continues to have frequent focal seizures with fluctuating frequency and intensity. She continues to have subtle opsoclonus and mild ataxia. Conclussions : Though rare, the presence of anti-neuronal antibodies should be considered in childrenpresenting with limbic encephalitis or OMS. Disclosure: Dr. Sweeney has nothing to disclose. Dr. Paz Soldan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lowichik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sweney has nothing to disclose. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation for activities with the DAVICK Group and Trinity Partners. Dr. Clardy9s spouse holds stock and/or stock options in Quadex. Dr. Clardy has received research support from Western Institue for Biomedical Research
Quantifying pelagic phosphorus regeneration using three methods in lakes of varying productivity

Phosphorus (P) is often a limiting nutrient in freshwater ecosystems, and understanding P dynamics in lakes is critical for eutrophication management. Pelagic P regeneration can support a large fraction of primary production in stratified freshwaters. Various techniques have been used to quantify pelagic P regeneration including (1) P mass balance supply–demand, (2) regression using total P as a predictor, and, more recently, (3) whole-lake metabolism calculated from high-frequency dissolved oxygen (DO) data. To our knowledge no study comparing these methods in multiple lakes has been performed. To compare these 3 approaches, we investigated 3 Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) lakes that differ in productivity: Acton, a Midwestern USA hypereutrophic reservoir; and 2 Northeastern USA glacial lakes, oligotrophic Giles and mesotrophic/dystrophic Lacawac. In Acton, we used all 3 methods, but for Giles and Lacawac we used only the total P regression and metabolism techniques. Our results show the best agreement among methods in the mesotrophic lake, whereas the metabolism approach underestimated regeneration in the oligotrophic lake and overestimated regeneration in the hypereutrophic reservoir compared with other methods. P regeneration rates for the hypereutrophic reservoir were the most sensitive to the metabolism-based input parameters. Our study illustrates a novel use of high-frequency DO data, which are commonly collected on many GLEON buoys, to understand lake nutrient dynamics.
Productivity in Pediatric Palliative Care: Measuring and Monitoring an Elusive Metric

Abstract Context Workforce productivity is poorly defined in health care. Particularly in the field of pediatric palliative care (PPC), the absence of consensus metrics impedes aggregation and analysis of data to track workforce efficiency and effectiveness. Lack of uniformly measured data also compromises the development of innovative strategies to improve productivity and hinders investigation of the link between productivity and quality of care, which are interrelated but not interchangeable. Objectives To review the literature regarding the definition and measurement of productivity in PPC; to identify barriers to productivity within traditional PPC models; and to recommend novel metrics to study productivity as a component of quality care in PPC. Methods PubMed® and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews searches for scholarly literature were performed using key words (pediatric palliative care, palliative care, team, workforce, workflow, productivity, algorithm, quality care, quality improvement, quality metric, inpatient, hospital, consultation, model) for articles published between 2000 and 2016. Organizational searches of Center to Advance Palliative Care, National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, National Association for Home Care & Hospice, American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association, National Quality Forum, and National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care were also performed. Additional semistructured interviews were conducted with directors from seven prominent PPC programs across the U.S. to review standard operating procedures for PPC team workflow and productivity. Results Little consensus exists in the PPC field regarding optimal ways to define, measure, and analyze provider and program productivity. Barriers to accurate monitoring of productivity include difficulties with identification, measurement, and interpretation of metrics applicable to an interdisciplinary care paradigm. In the context of inefficiencies inherent to traditional consultation models, novel productivity metrics are proposed. Conclusions Further research is needed to determine optimal metrics for monitoring productivity within PPC teams. Innovative approaches should be studied with the goal of improving efficiency of care without compromising value.
Government Work Reports: Securing State Legitimacy through Institutionalization

Relying on fieldwork conducted in two provinces, this article provides a systemic study of China's Government Work Reports (GWRs), examining their function, format, how they are formulated and implemented, their content and their research values. Whilst the existing literature mostly focuses on central government reports, this research integrates GWRs from all administrative levels. I argue that over time, the GWRs have developed into a highly institutionalized nationwide system with two important aspects – local elites’ autonomy in setting work agendas, and their compliance with central government policy priorities. Additionally, my study shows that by using quantifiable targets and celebrating achievements framed in concrete statistics, the GWRs help to sustain the legitimacy of the party-state. Finally, my study finds GWRs to be a versatile scholarly resource that can be used for various research interests and methods.
EFFECT OF I-127 ON THYROID UPTAKE OF INHALED I-131.

Abstract—Rats were exposed to air containing I2131 and I2127 in various ratios. In the virtual absence of I2127 the maximum levels of I131 in the thyroids were 20 per cent of the total I131 deposited in rats on a diet normal in iodine and 40–50 per cent in rats on a low-iodine diet. Maximum depression of I131 uptake in the thyroid, 0.05 per cent of the total deposited, was obtained at the highest levels of I2127, 5 mg/l, air, which approached the toxic limit. These levels of uptake were roughly equivalent to those obtained when rats were given 100 mg KI subcutaneously prior to exposure to I2131. Dilution of I131 vapor with stable iodine was much less effective in reducing the thyroid uptake of I131 in dogs. Inhalation of 50 mg I2137 reduced the thyroid uptake by about one-half.
Bradley J. Birzer, Russell Kirk: American Conservative

Bradley Birzer’s Russell Kirk: American Conservative is a readable, yet erudite account of a figure all too forgotten today. Tracing his early life and career through its many twists and turns, the reader learns a great deal about the state of letters in the mid-twentieth century.
Constraints on the evolution of resistance to gall flies in Solidago altissima: resistance sometimes costs more than it is worth.

Plant populations frequently maintain submaximal levels of resistance to natural enemies, even in the presence of substantial genetic variation for resistance. Identifying constraints on the evolution of increased resistance has been a major goal of researchers of plant-herbivore interactions. In a glasshouse study, we measured relative costs and benefits of resistance of tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) to the gall-inducing tephritid Eurosta solidaginis. We exposed multiple ramets of 26 goldenrod genets to nutrient or shade stress and to oviposition by E. solidaginis. The presence of a gall cost a ramet an average of 1743 seeds, but the cost differed 10-fold across environments. Plant genets varied widely for an induced 'hypersensitive' response in which meristem cells become necrotic and kill E. solidaginis hatchlings before gall induction. There was no evidence that this highly effective resistance trait carried an allocation cost. However, the response carried a risk of autotoxicity, as necrosis killed the apex of 37% of the ungalled ramets. On average, a damaged apex cost each ramet 5015 seeds. Autotoxicity may constrain the resistance of S. altissima to an intermediate level, and variation in environmental conditions may alter the relative costs and benefits of resistance and tolerance, thus maintaining genetic variation within goldenrod populations.
A Family Systems Approach to the Understanding and Treatment of Internet Gaming Disorder

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, proposed criteria for Internet gaming disorder (IGD) share similar symptomology with substance use disorders (SUDs), so cou...
Quantifying three-dimensional rodent retina vascular development using optical tissue clearing and light-sheet microscopy

Retinal vasculature develops in a highly orchestrated three-dimensional (3-D) sequence. The stages of retinal vascularization are highly susceptible to oxygen perturbations. We demonstrate that optical tissue clearing of intact rat retinas and light-sheet microscopy provides rapid 3-D characterization of vascular complexity during retinal development. Compared with flat mount preparations that dissect the retina and primarily image the outermost vascular layers, intact cleared retinas imaged using light-sheet fluorescence microscopy display changes in the 3-D retinal vasculature rapidly without the need for point scanning techniques. Using a severe model of retinal vascular disruption, we demonstrate that a simple metric based on Sholl analysis captures the vascular changes observed during retinal development in 3-D. Taken together, these results provide a methodology for rapidly quantifying the 3-D development of the entire rodent retinal vasculature.
Microfabricated Plastic Devices from Silicon Using Soft Intermediates

Nanotechnology is having an enormous impact on many areas of science, including biology. However, its application to mainstream biology is limited by the complexity and expense of fabricating large numbers of silicon devices in nanofabrication facilities that are not readily available to all investigators. Biological experiments require a relatively large number of replicates. We have developed methods to use silicon devices as masters to mold replicas in polymers. Once the silicon master is fabricated, the method can be implemented in a standard biology laboratory. Polystyrene microdevices were fabricated for biological applications. Fabrication of such devices is described using hot embossing with and without vacuum, and by in situ polymerization from partially polymerized styrene monomers in polydimethylsiloxane molds made from silicon masters. Replication of the silicon master features into plastic using the polydimethylsiloxane intermediate mold is highly accurate for micrometer and sub-micrometer features. Preliminary biological experiments using polystyrene replicas have successfully demonstrated the potential of this fabrication method.
Outsourcing Production and Commerce: A Close Examination of Unregistered Salaried Workers, Sweatshop Workers, Homeworkers, and Ambulant Vendors for Firms

This chapter focuses on “external” flexibilization, the growth of unregistered salaried and self-employed workers for a firm. Through an ethnographic examination of outsourcing to sweatshops, homeworkers, and vendors for a firm, the chapter allows the reader to understand the links between the informal and formal sectors. The chapter explores Korean- and Bolivian-owned garment sweatshops, women putting together clothing tags for graphic companies who in turn work for multinational companies such as Levi Jeans, and vendors for national and international cosmetic companies. The ethnographic details allow for a closer examination of the linkages between the sectors and how global, national, and local forces come together to create an exploitative labor market especially for low-income women.