cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sub-optimal Testing and Awareness of HCV and HBV Among High Risk Individuals at an Underserved Safety-Net Hospital.

Sub-optimal screening for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) among high risk groups delays diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to evaluate overall rates of HCV and HBV screening and patient knowledge of their testing result. Adults age ≥18 years undergoing elective outpatient endoscopy at a large, urban safety-net hospital from July 2015 to July 2016 were prospectively evaluated to determine rates of HCV and HBV testing, the results of those completed tests, and patient knowledge of test results among high risk individuals (as determined by U.S. Preventative Services Task Force). Among 1125 patients (52.3% male, 70.4% foreign-born), 66.5% were high risk for chronic HCV; only 30.9% received prior testing. 14.7% had positive chronic HCV infection. Patients born in the 1945-1965 cohort were more likely to have received prior HCV testing compared to those born outside of this cohort (32.7 vs. 16.9%, p = 0.01). Among patients who received HCV screening, 29.3% were aware of test results. Overall, 61.6% were high risk for chronic HBV; only 25.1% received prior testing. 4.1% were positive for chronic HBV. Compared to Caucasians, Asians (19.0 vs. 44.4%, p < 0.001) and Hispanics (20.0 vs. 44.4%, p < 0.001) were less likely to have previous HBV testing. Among patients who received prior HBV screening, 18.4% were aware of test results. Less than one-third of high risk patients received HCV and HBV screening among an ethnically diverse safety-net population. Equally low rates of patient knowledge of testing results were observed.
MoMo: Discovery of post-translational modification motifs

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are associated with many significant biological functions and can be identified in high throughput using tandem mass spectrometry. Many PTMs are associated with short sequence patterns called “motifs” that help localize the modifying enzyme. Accordingly, many algorithms have been designed to identify these motifs from mass spectrometry data. MoMo is a software tool for identifying motifs among sets of PTMs. The program re-implements two previously described algorithms, motif-x and MoDL, packaging them in a web-accessible user interface. In addition to reading sequence files in FASTA format, MoMo is capable of directly parsing output files produced by commonly used mass spectrometry search engines. The resulting motifs are presented to the user in an HTML summary with motif logos and linked text files in MEME motif format. Source code and web server available at http://meme-suite.org.
Enzymatic activity of free circulating proteasomes as biomarkers for predicting clinical behavior in hematologic diseases

B52 The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of many malignancies and is an important regulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and the stress response. Free circulating proteasomes have been reported in the plasma and sera of cancer patients. We used fluorogenic kinetic assays to retrospectively examine the association of proteasome enzymatic activity in plasma with clinical behavior in 674 patients with various types of leukemia: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n = 225), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; n = 148), acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 188), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 58), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 55). All 3 enzymatic activities_chymotrypsin-like (Ch-L), trypsin-like (Tr-L), and caspase-like (Cas-L)_were significantly higher in leukemia patients than in healthy volunteers (N = 99) (P 3.2 mg/L) and Cas-L activity (>1.32 pmolAMC/sec/mL) was associated with significantly shorter survival, independent of IgVH mutation status. Patients in chronic-phase CML with high levels of Ch-L activity (>5.2 pmolAMC/sec/mL) had significantly shorter survival (P = 0.037), as did those in accelerated/blast phase CML with Ch-L activity >1.0 pmolAMC/sec/mL (P = 0.047). The plasma proteasome activities inhibition profile using proteasome inhibitors is identical to that seen in cells suggesting that the plasma proteasome activities reflect the activities of the leukemic cells. In conclusion, measuring plasma proteasome activities provides important information on leukemic cells that may have utility in making therapeutic decisions. Further studies are needed to establish their role in solid tumors and for patients treated with proteasome inhibitors.
An integrated physical-based and parameter learning method for ship energy prediction under varying operating conditions

The efficiency of energy consumption of an engineering system dynamically changes during the its operation when the operational and environmental conditions vary in time. Various methods have been developed to monitor the energy consumption rate and predict the consumption efficiency for a given operating condition. The main challenges to maintain the accuracy of modeling and prediction stem from the great diversity of operational and environmental inputs that affect the energy consumption rate dynamically, as well as the lack of a full understanding of the physical relationship between energy efficiency and operation parameters of the system. Operating condition is a key component in system modeling and state identification in many applications because not only the system parameters, but also the structure and complexity of a model might vary significantly during different operation modes. This paper investigates a novel method that integrates a physics-based hydrodynamic model and dynamic parameter learning and estimation, using energy consumption monitoring data and operating condition data, in purpose of improving the prediction accuracy of energy consumption. By leveraging the strengths of both the physics-based models and data-driven parameter learning methods, the proposed method is advantageous when the complex system physics is not perfectly known and the performance of system is affected by the environmental operating condition, while abundant monitoring data are available. We demonstrate the model on a ship propulsion system for fuel consumption prediction, which achieves higher prediction accuracy compared with models without operating condition adaption and tuning.
Compliance with instructions in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. A common but frequently unrecognized major variable.

This survey of patient compliance with drug administration reveals that approximately 25 per cent of those seen in the clinic or in hospitals will not be taking drugs as directed. Compliance failur...
Not necessarily detrimental: Two social comparison orientations and their associations with social media use and college social adjustment

Abstract Social network sites (SNSs) are considered a convenient platform for social comparison. Current SNS social comparison research typically focuses on the activity of SNS browsing, which overlooks other use patterns available in the social media environment. Also, little research recognizes the two-dimensional nature of social comparison. Drawing on literature of social comparison and the activity-audience framework of social media use, we studied social comparison as a personal characteristic (social comparison orientation; SCO) relating to college students’ social adjustment via various Instagram activities and interactants. Implications of both dimensions of SCO were explored through survey data from 208 U.S. college undergraduates (Mage = 19.43, 78% female). Social comparison orientation of ability (SCO-Ability) was related to poorer college social adjustment whereas social comparison orientation of opinion (SCO-Opinion) was related to better adjustment. Both types of SCO had a positive indirect association with adjustment via more frequent Instagram interaction with on-campus friends. SCO-Opinion was related to more Instagram interaction with off-campus friends, which was related to poorer social adjustment, but the overall indirect path was non-significant. Both types of SCO were also related to more frequent Instagram browsing. The study underscores the significance of recognizing SCO as a two-dimensional construct and illustrates how SCO can associate with social well-being in the social media context.
BM Hematopoietic Niche Occupancy Defect of HSC in Scid Mice

Humanized mice allow the development of human immune system in the host and facilitate in vivo human hematology and immunology research. Engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)/(HPC) into these host mice provides long-term multilineage hematopoiesis and generation of human immune responses against a variety of antigens including HIV.
Music and the auditory system.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the physiology of the auditory system as it relates to music. Development of auditory physiology is based on the use of simple sensory stimuli, based both on conceptual grounds and on the limitations of equipment that generated acoustic stimuli. The anatomy of the auditory pathway is highlighted. The auditory pathway consists of (1) the outer, middle, and inner ears, (2) the auditory nerve, nuclei at each level of the brain stem, and (3) the several fields of the auditory cortex. The human auditory cortex is also focused intensively with magnetoencephalography (MEG), which is explained in the chapter. Functional organization of the auditory pathway is discussed. The processing of acoustic stimulation, particularly in the auditory cortex, is not limited to the passive detection of acoustic features. Rather, the responses of neurons are affected by attention and by learning. Moreover, the effects of these processes are prominent. Therefore, the processing of music in the auditory system may well engage attentive or learning processes, or both.
Strings in Ramond-Ramond backgrounds

We write the type IIB worldsheet action in classes of bosonic curved backgrounds threaded with Ramond-Ramond fluxes. The fixing of the kappa symmetry in the light-cone gauge and the use of the Bianchi identities of the supergravity theory lead to an expression of a relatively simple form, yet rich with new physical information about how fundamental strings react to the presence of RR fields. The results are useful in particular to the study of vacuum structure and dynamics in the context of the Holographic duality; and to possibly formulate an open-closed string duality at the level of the worldsheet.
Natural killer cells contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in response to placental ischemia in reduced uterine perfusion pressure rats.

Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by new-onset hypertension during pregnancy and is associated with immune activation and placental oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major source of...
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Functional Disorders in Children

Increasing numbers of patients in the USA, both adults and children, are pursuing complementary and alternative therapies for health care. Acupuncture is one such therapy, which has been utilized in health care for thousands of years in China and other Asian cultures. This chapter provides a brief background about acupuncture therapy, various modalities that comprise the practice of acupuncture, and evidence related to its use with pediatric patients and functional disorders. We also present case-based scenarios to demonstrate successful use of acupuncture therapy.
Syntactic influences on eye movements during reading

Measuring where the eyes fixate, and for how long, has arguably been the most valuable way of exploring the time-course of comprehending written sentences. This chapter reviews some of the history of the method’s use as well as some recent developments. It provides an extensive review of what eye movement measurement has told us about the syntactic processing of sentences, covering topics such as syntactic ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity resolution, retrieval from memory, syntactic prediction, and syntactic complexity. Alternative models for how syntactic and extra-syntactic information sources are integrated are discussed. The chapter then turns to a discussion of what the eyes actually do in response to syntactic processing complexity, and provides a brief review of models of eye movement control. It concludes by comparing eye movement measurement with other methods of measuring online sentence comprehension processes.
Addressing uncertainty in buyer-supplier interfaces by supply chain phase and decision-making level: a fuzzy goal-fitting approach

This exploratory study addresses uncertainty in supply chain management (SCM) interfaces required for effective buyer-supplier partnerships which may be more critical at different phases and organisational levels of decision making. The phases of plan, source, make and deliver, and the operational, tactical and strategic levels of decision making are considered. Fuzzy probabilities of degree of fit to goals set to statistical confidence intervals are applied to survey data from over 400 buyers comparing seven suppliers in the electronics industry. Results showed that the source, plan, and deliver phases at different levels of decision making are to varying degrees important in SCM interfaces. The make phase was less important overall for interfacing. A heuristic is presented for maximising supply chain performance gains with timely attention to partnership interfaces.
Selective Targeting of the p53-hDM2 Interaction Using Hydrocarbon-Stapled p53 Peptides.

p53 is a transcription factor that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage and cellular stress, and thereby plays a critical role in protecting cells from malignant transformation. The E3 ubiquitin ligase hDM2 controls p53 levels through a direct binding interaction that neutralizes p53 transactivation activity, exports nuclear p53, and targets it for degradation via the ubiquitination-proteasomal pathway. Loss of p53 activity, either by deletion, mutation, or hDM2 overexpression, is the most common defect in human cancer. Tumors with preserved expression of wild type p53 are rendered vulnerable to pharmacologic approaches that stabilize and upregulate p53. In this context, hDM2 inhibition has emerged as a validated approach to restore p53 activity and resensitize cancer cells to apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition of the p53-hDM2 interaction has been studied intensively with the goal of developing novel therapeutics for cancer. Here we describe the synthesis and evaluation of hydrocarbon-stapled α-helical peptides based on the transactivation domain of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Select p53 stapled peptides exhibit subnanomolar binding to hDM2, displaying the highest affinity hDM2 binders reported to date. We find that these structurally-stabilized peptides are resistant to proteolysis and exhibit cell permeability as documented by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analyses. In vivo binding of p53 stapled peptides to nuclear hDM2 is highly specific as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. In response to stapled peptide treatment, we observe upregulation of p53 and its transcriptional targets, including p21 and Bax. As a consequence, the peptides are capable of activating apoptosis in hDM2-overexpressing tumor cells through the p53 tumor suppressor signaling pathway. Thus, we find that hydrocarbon-stapled p53 peptides can trigger apoptosis in cancer cells by effectively modulating the p53-hDM2 protein interaction.
On the Role of Cooperation in Private Multi-agent Systems

We consider a distributed quadratic optimization problem for multi-agent systems, where the agents wish to maintain privacy of their states over time. To this aim, the agents add noise to their communicated states using the differential privacy framework. We characterize the performance degradation due to the noise and show that depending on the desired level of privacy (and thus noise), the system performance is optimized by reducing the level of cooperation among the agents. The notion of cooperation level, which is formally introduced and defined in the chapter, models the trust of an agent towards the information received from neighboring agents. We characterize the optimum cooperation level and show that under certain conditions, it is always beneficial for the agents to reduce their cooperation level when the privacy level increases. We illustrate our results using the average consensus problem.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant awards: does past performance predict future success?

The NIH is the major federal biomedical research funding agency within the United States, and NIH funding has become a priority in institutional decisions on faculty recruitment, salary, promotion, and tenure. The implicit assumption is that well-funded investigators will maintain their funding success; however, our analysis of NIH awardees from 2000 to 2015 suggests that regardless of how well funded an investigator is, their research portfolio exhibits “regression to the mean,” matching the typical NIH funding profile within just 10–15 years. Thus, outperformance in past funding is not a strong predictor of future outperformance in funding success. This study indicates that faculty performance should not be solely judged upon grant success but should include other institutional mission priorities such as provision of clinical care, education, and service to community/profession.
Chapter 22 – Normocalcemic PHPT

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder traditionally defined by hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. A newer presentation of PHPT has been described over the past decade in which PTH is elevated in the setting of consistently normal serum calcium levels and in the absence of secondary causes of hyperparathyroidism such as renal disease or vitamin D deficiency. Recognition of this newer phenotype of PHPT, normocalcemic PHPT, supports a biphasic chronological time course in which PTH levels are first elevated but serum calcium is normal, followed by the development of frank hypercalcemia in some but not all individuals. Although much remains unknown, this chapter reviews the literature regarding this newly described phenotype of PHPT.
Minimal Change Disease With Nephrotic Syndrome Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 After Apolipoprotein L1 Risk Variant Kidney Transplant: A Case Report.

Kidney injury is a well-known complication in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19, presentation with nephrotic syndrome has not been well described. We report on a 49-year-old black female kidney transplant recipient who presented 25 years after transplant with clinical features of nephrotic syndrome following a diagnosis of COVID-19. Histologic examination showed acute tubular injury with unremarkable glomeruli on light microscopy and diffuse foot process effacement of podocytes on electron microscopy, consistent with minimal change-like podocyte injury. Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic testing confirmed 2 high-risk APOL1 alleles in the kidney donor. We speculate that COVID-19-induced systemic or local cytokine release could serve as a second hit in the presence of APOL1 risk alleles and mediate a podocytopathy manifesting as nephrotic syndrome. The presented case with minimal change-like disease, occurring in the context of the donor high-risk APOL1 genotype, extends the spectrum of clinical manifestations in COVID-19-associated nephropathy.
How Medicalization of Civil Rights Could Disappoint

This essay reflects on Craig Konnoth’s recent Article, Medicalization and the New Civil Rights, which is a carefully crafted and thought-provoking description of the refashioning of civil rights claims into medical rights frameworks. He compellingly threads together many intellectual traditions—from antidiscrimination law to disability law to health law—to illustrate the pervasiveness of the phenomenon that he describes and why it might be productive as a tool to advance civil rights. This response, however, offers several reasons why medicalization may not cure all that ails civil rights litigation’s pains and elaborates on the potential risks of overinvesting in medical rights-seeking. It concludes by considering how the COVID-19 pandemic, which has produced a dramatic medical manifestation of social inequities growing out of decades of civil rights deprivation, can illuminate potential benefits and risks of medicalization.
Incidental findings of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and its variability based on age and sex

Purpose This study investigated the prevalence of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders image analysis criteria, assessed the severity of incidental osteoarthritic changes affecting the TMJ, and evaluated the correlations of sex and age with the prevalence and severity of TMJ-OA. Materials and methods This retrospective study assessed 145 randomly selected cone-beam computed tomography scans (261 TMJs) from the authors' institutional maxillofacial radiology archive following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The criteria described by Ahmad et al. were used to determine whether each TMJ was affected by OA, and the severity of the osteoarthritic changes was scored for each joint based on the method described by Alexiou et al. The chi-square, McNemar, Bhapkar chi-square, and Stuart-Maxwell chi-square tests were applied to evaluate the significance of the relationships between variables (age and sex). Results Sixteen TMJs (6.1%) had no OA, 74 (28.6%) were indeterminate for OA, and 171 (65.5%) had OA. Flattening and sclerosis were observed in 86.6% and 12.3% of cases, respectively, while resorption was observed in 7.3% of the joints. Only 21 (8.1%) of the examined TMJs had subchondral cysts. Erosion of the articular eminence was observed in 58 (22.1%) cases, while sclerosis and resorption were found in 68 (25.9%) and 16 (6.1%) TMJs, respectively. Conclusion Female patients had a higher prevalence and severity of TMJ-OA than male patients. The prevalence and severity of TMJ-OA increased with age, with peaks in the fifth and seventh decades of life.
Socioeconomic Status Mediates Racial Differences Seen Using the AT(N) Framework.

OBJECTIVES African Americans are at greater risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia than non-Hispanic whites. In addition to biological considerations (eg, genetic influences and comorbid disorders), social and environmental factors may increase the risk of AD dementia. This paper (1) assesses neuroimaging biomarkers of amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) for potential racial differences and (2) considers mediating effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and measures of small vessel and cardiovascular disease on observed race differences. METHODS Imaging measures of AT(N) (amyloid and tau positron emission tomography [PET]) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and resting state functional connectivity (rs-fc) were collected from African American (n = 131) and white (n = 685) cognitively normal participants age 45 years and older. Measures of small vessel and cardiovascular disease (white matter hyperintensities [WMHs] on MRI, blood pressure, and body mass index [BMI]) and area-based SES were included in mediation analyses. RESULTS Compared to white participants, African American participants had greater neurodegeneration, as measured by decreased cortical volumes (Cohen's f2 = 0.05, p < 0.001). SES mediated the relationship between race and cortical volumes. There were no significant race effects for amyloid, tau, or rs-fc signature. INTERPRETATION Modifiable factors, such as differences in social contexts and resources, particularly area-level SES, may contribute to observed racial differences in AD. Future studies should emphasize collection of relevant psychosocial factors in addition to the development of intentional diversity and inclusion efforts to improve the racial/ethnic and socioeconomic representativeness of AD studies. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:254-265.
Comparison of TRMM and Water District Rain Rates over New Mexico

This paper compares monthly and seasonal rain rates derived from the Version 5 (V5) and Version 6 (V6) TRMM Precipitation Radar (TPR, TSDIS reference 2A25), TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI, 2A12), TRMM Combined Instrument (TCI, 2B31), TRMM calibrated IR rain estimates (3B42) and TRMM merged gauge and satellite analysis (3B43) algorithms over New Mexico (NM) with rain gauge analyses provided by the New Mexico water districts (WD). The average rain rates over the NM region for 1998-2002 are 0.91 mm d-1 for WD and 0.75, 1.38, 1.49, 1.27, and 1.07 mm d-1 for V5 3B43, 3B42, TMI, PR and TCA; and 0.74, 1.38, 0.87 and 0.97 mmd-1 for V6 3B43, TMI, TPR and TCA, respectively. Comparison of V5 3B43 with WD rain rates and the daily TRMM mission index (TPR and TMI) suggests that the low bias of V5 3B43 for the wet months (summer to early fall) may be due to the non-inclusion of some rain events in the operational gauge analyses that are used in the production of V5 3B43. Correlation analyses show that the WD rain rates vary in phase, with higher correlation between neighboring WDs. High temporal correlations (0.8) exist between WD and the combined algorithms (3B42, 3B43 and TCA for both V5 and V6) while satellite instrument algorithms (PR, TMI and TCI) are correlated best among themselves at the monthly scale. Paired t-tests of the monthly time series show that V5 3B42 and TMI are statistically different from the WD rain rates while no significant difference exists between WD and the other products. The agreements between the TRMM satellite and WD gauge estimates are best for the spring and fall and worst for winter and summer. The reduction in V6 TMI (-7.4%) and TPR (-31%) rain rates (compared to V5) results in better agreement between WD estimates and TMI in winter and TPR during summer.
R-Search Rapid Re-Search Enabling the Design of Agile and Creative Responses to Problems (Presentation Slides)

The R-Search rapid research approach encompasses two central components that, when leveraged, can enable researchers to develop, iterate and implement evidence-based solutions to public problems: Getting smart quickly on a topic by: - developing a clear and detailed understanding of the problem and solution area; - identifying actors at play in the problem and solution space; and - understanding the larger context in which the problem and potential solutions exist. - Staying in the know regarding new developments in the problem and solution space. Why R-Search? - Seemingly intractable problems require agile and creative responses; - Meaningful and agile creativity can only arise when there is a rapid understanding of the topic at hand; - R-Search enables the development of a MAP (a topic’s Milieu, relevant Actors and existing Problem space) of issues, scholarship, actions and opinions surrounding a topic to allow for the design of responses that are more informed and targeted; - R-Search allows for the development of a baseline against which progress can be measured; - R-Search enables the completion of a project canvas to guide development, implementation and assessment; - R-Search provides for knowledge-building to inform rapid prototyping.
Does Symptom Linkage Density Predict Outcomes in Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression

Acute-phase cognitive therapy (CT) is an efficacious treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but how CT helps patients is incompletely understood. As a potential means to clarify CT mechanisms, we defined “symptom linkage density” (SLD) as a patient’s mean time-lagged correlation among nine depressive symptoms across 13 weekly assessments. We hypothesized that patients with higher SLD during CT have better outcomes (treatment response, and fewer symptoms after response), and we explored whether SLD correlated with other possible CT processes (growth in social adjustment and CT skills). Data were drawn from two clinical trials of CT for adult outpatients with recurrent MDD (primary sample n = 475, replication sample n = 146). In both samples, patients and clinicians completed measures of depressive symptoms and social adjustment repeatedly during CT. In the primary sample, patients and cognitive therapists rated patients’ CT skills. After CT, responders were assessed for 32 (primary sample) or 24 (replication sample) additional months to measure long-term depression outcomes. Higher SLD predicted increases in social adjustment (both samples) and CT skills (primary sample) during CT, CT response (both samples), and lower MDD severity for at least 2 years after CT response (both samples). Analyses controlled patient-level symptom means and variability to estimate SLD’s incremental predictive validity. These novel findings from two independent samples with longitudinal follow-up require further replication and extension. SLD may reflect or facilitate generalization of CT skills, improvement in social functioning, or other processes responsible for CT’s shorter and longer term benefits.
Intertribal Collaboration and Health: A Literature Review

In the United States, American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) are rebuilding their nations through assertion of sovereignty, standards of governance, cultural frameworks, strategic orientation, and effective leadership. The approach emphasizes tribal self-determination in managing nation affairs and reducing reliance on state and federal assistance. Through nation-building, tribal nations can improve their citizens’ health and well-being while empowering local capacity and cultural pride. Intertribal collaboration can be an effective strategy to leverage resources and create a coalition for support and knowledge exchange; however, the research documenting practices, and outcomes of tribal health management that uses intertribal collaboration is limited. This systematic review investigates health-focused collaborations among the tribal nations in North America. Peer-reviewed articles that included at least two federally recognized tribes, described AIAN driven initiatives, implemented a health management plan, collaborated between Indigenous leaders, and goals of social, behavioural, mental, and physical health outcomes were examined. This search was limited to articles published between January 1, 1970 to November 30, 2019. The PRISMA systematic review process was used. Twenty-seven articles were screened, and three articles were eligible for thematic review. The articles highlighted the importance of utilizing an Indigenous framework to facilitate program management and collaboration, recognition of cultural differences, and sovereignty rights. Characteristics that contributed to the establishment and strengthening of intertribal collaboration were: (1) adapt new proposals, (2) respectful recognition of sovereignty, and (3) transparent and honest communication. The small sample size indicated most Indigenous health programs are not “AIAN-driven”, limiting the foundation for building evidence-based frameworks.
The role of the conceptus in determining litter size

The Chinese Meishan pig gives birth to three to five more pigs per litter than lessprolific U.S. or European pig breeds as a result of a markedly decreased placental size and an increased piglet weight:placental weight ratio (placental efficiency). We hypothesized that as a result of their intense selection for prolificacy, the Chinese had indirectly selected for a smaller, more efficient placenta in the Meishan breed. The goals of this study were to determine whether 1) significant variation in placental size and efficiency existed within our population of purebred Yorkshire pigs and 2) selection of piglets (boars and gilts) based on ^ Journal paper number J-17947 of the Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Projects 3505 and 0200, and supported in part by Hatch Act and State of Iowa Funds. " Reprinted with permission of the American Society of Animal Science firom the Journal of Animal Science 77:1654-1658 (1999) 53 clear differences in placental size and efficiency would affect litter size. We found that there was significant (approximately threefold) variation in placental efficiency in our herd of Yorkshire pigs, with marked (approximately twofold) variation existing within individual litters. We then selected piglets (boars and gilts) that had either a higher (A Group) or lower (B Group) than average placental efficiency. Although the birth weights of selected A Group piglets were similar to those of the B Group piglets, they had markedly smaller placentae. We bred males from each group (A or B) to the females of the same group and collected farrowing data fi^om parities 1 and 2. In both parities, A Group females farrowed more live piglets per litter than did B Group females (12.5 ± .7 vs 9.6 ± .5, P < .05). Although A Group piglets were on average approximately 20% lighter than B group piglets (1.2 ± .1 vs 1.5 ± .1 kg, P < .05), their placentae were approximately 40% lighter (250 ± 10 vs 347 ± 15 g, P < .01), resulting in a marked increase in placental efficiency. The results of this study suggest that selection on placental size and efficiency may provide a valuable tool for optimizing litter size in commercially important pig breeds.
Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs

Lesson 1. Language and writing Essay 1. Ancient Egyptian history Lesson 2. Unliteral signs Essay 2. Ancient Egyptian geography Lesson 3. Multiliteral signs Essay 3. Ancient Egyptian society Lesson 4. Nouns Essay 4. The gods Lesson 5. Pronouns Essay 5. The gods on Earth Lesson 6. Adjectives Essay 6. The king's names Lesson 7. Adjectival and nominal sentences Essay 7. Human nature Lesson 8. Prepositions and adverbs Essay 8. Death and the afterlife Lesson 9. Numbers Essay 9. Egyptian chronology Lesson 10. Adverbial sentences Essay 10. Maat Lesson 11. Non-verbal sentences Essay 11. The world before creation Lesson 12. Verbs Essay 12. The creation of the world Lesson 13. The infinitival forms Essay 13. The creative word Lesson 14. The pseudo-verbal construction Essay 14. The Memphite theology Lesson 15. The imperative and particles Essay 15. The creator Lesson 16. The stative Essay 16. Heresy Lesson 17. The sdm.n.f Essay 17. Phonology and writing Lesson 18. The sdm.f Essay 18. Egyptian literature Lesson 19. The other forms of the suffix conjugation Essay 19. Middle Egyptian wisdom literature Lesson 20. Adverb clauses Essay 20. Middle Egyptian stories Lesson 21. Noun clauses Essay 21. Historical texts Lesson 22. Relative clauses Essay 22. Religious texts Lesson 23. The active participle Essay 23. Hymns and poetry Lesson 24. The passive participle Essay 24. Non-literary texts Lesson 25. Emphatic sentences Essay 25. Letters Lesson 26. Middle Egyptian grammar Essay 26. Grammatical theory Where to go from here Sign list Dictionary Text references Indices Answers to the exercises.
Using correlation in wavelet transform coefficients

In this work we explore the correlation among the wavelet coefficients, when used in the method of moments (MoM) to solve scattering problems. We then utilize it to ease the solution procedure. The basic idea is to predict some of the coefficients, based on previously computed ones, and thus save in computation resources. Various options for exploiting the correlation among the coefficients are discussed, and examples are given that demonstrate the viability of this method.
Mutations associated with a locus for familial Alzheimer's disease result in alternative processing of amyloid beta-protein precursor.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid beta-protein (A beta), a molecule produced by post-translational processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP). Mutations within the gene encoding beta APP have been linked to early onset forms of AD, but the pathogenetic mechanism(s) producing the phenotype are unknown. We analyzed the effects on beta APP processing in vitro of a naturally occurring Ala-->Gly mutation at position 692 of beta APP770 (A692G) (Hendriks, L., Duijin, C., Cras, P., Cruts, M., van Hul, W., van Harskamp, F., Warren, A., McInnis, M., Antonarakis, S., Martin, J.-J., Hofman, A., and van Broeckhoven, C. (1992) Nature Genet. 1, 218-221), as well as the effects of five genetically engineered mutations at or near this site. Substitution of glycine or proline for Ala692, or for Phe690, produced relative increases in secretion of A beta and relative decreases in secretion of the p3 peptide(s) arising after alpha-secretase generation of soluble APP (APPs). The Phe690-->Pro substitution also resulted in the synthesis of truncated APPs molecules. The structurally conservative substitutions Ala692-->Val and Phe690-->Tyr did not exhibit these effects. Certain of the substitutions also resulted in the production of a minor peptides, previously undescribed in vitro, beginning at Ala2, Lys16, and Phe19 of A beta. These data show that beta APP mutations carboxyl-terminal to alpha-secretase and beta-secretase cleavage sites can exert strong control over beta APP processing. Increased secretion of A beta may accelerate amyloidogenesis by providing more precursors for aggregation. It is also possible that truncated A beta peptides resulting from several of these mutations may accelerate amyloidogenesis through self-aggregation and/or seeding the fibrillogenesis of longer, more abundant A beta species.
High-Speed Electrically Actuated Elastomers with Strain Greater Than 100%

Electrical actuators were made from films of dielectric elastomers (such as silicones) coated on both sides with compliant electrode material. When voltage was applied, the resulting electrostatic forces compressed the film in thickness and expanded it in area, producing strains up to 30 to 40%. It is now shown that prestraining the film further improves the performance of these devices. Actuated strains up to 117% were demonstrated with silicone elastomers, and up to 215% with acrylic elastomers using biaxially and uniaxially prestrained films. The strain, pressure, and response time of silicone exceeded those of natural muscle; specific energy densities greatly exceeded those of other field-actuated materials. Because the actuation mechanism is faster than in other high-strain electroactive polymers, this technology may be suitable for diverse applications.
Discussion to “diffusional formation of ferrite in iron and its alloys”: Progress in Materials Science, 29, 321–386 (1985), by H. K. D. H. BHADESHIA

Abstract We have shown that each of 22 points raised by Bhadeshia in a review of ferrite formation in Fe-base alloys--nearly all of which are critical of the work of Aaronson and co-workers--is incorrect. Selective omission of key papers, in particular those of Rigsbee and Aaronson [20] on the structure of α:γ boundaries forming the broad faces of ferrite sideplates of Kinsman, Eichen and Aaronson [4] on the thickening kinetics of Widmanstatten ferrite sideplates and of the Boswell et al [10, 65] data on the growth kinetics of ferrite allotriomorphs in an Fe-C-Mo alloy, was a principal factor in the unwarranted criticisms by Bhadeshia.
On the dimension of infinite covers

We prove the following theorem and some generalizations. Theorem A. Let X be a connected CW complex which satisfies Poincare' duality of dimension n > 4. For any subgroup H of 7ri (X), let XH denote the cover of X corresponding to H. If H has infinite index in ri (X), then XH is homotopy equivalent to an (n 1)-dimensional CW complex. If X is also a K(7r, 1), Theorem A is a result of Strebel [St]. The lack of such a theorem in general is lamented in [H], and Theorem A allows the extension of Theorem 2 (p. 157) and its Corollary (p. 158) in [H] from 4-dimensional manifolds to 4-dimensional Poincare spaces. We begin with some notation and propositions. Let R be a commutative ring, G a discrete group, and RG the group ring. We say that a chain complex of left RG modules, E*, satisfies condition HD(n) iff Hr(E*; M) = 0 for all left RG modules, M, and all r > n. Wall's techniques [W] can be used to show that E* satisfies condition HD(n) iff E* is chain homotopy equivalent to a complex E1 with E'. = 0, r > n, by maps fr: E> Er and gr Er -? E13 such that grfr = IE' for all r, and frgr = 1Er for all r < n. If E* is a complex of projective modules, Wall's condition D(n) is equivalent to condition HD(n). We say that a connected space satisfies HD(n) if the singular chain complex of its universal cover, S* (X), considered as a complex of Z7ri (X) modules, does. In particular, if n 7& 2, it follows from Wall [W] that a CW complex, X, satisfies HD(n) iff X is homotopy equivalent to an n-dimensional complex. Given a subgroup H c G and a chain complex E* on left RG-modules, we can consider E* as a chain complex of RH modules by restriction: we write RHjE* for this complex. Let CH R G denote the collection of all right RG modules D such that D ?RG HOmRH(RG, L) = 0 for all left RH modules L. Given any left RG module M and integer r, there exists a natural map ,UM [r] : Hr (E*; RG) 0RG M -* Hr(E*; M) induced by the maps HOmRG(Er, RG) 0RGM -* HOmRG(Er, M) defined by y 0 m-+ (e l--y(e) m). Throughout this paper our conventions are the same as those in [CE], Chapter 2. The notation Homs (A, B) will only be used if A and B are left S modules and C Os B will be used if C is a right S module and B is a left S module. Both Homs and 0s have additional module structure when A, B, or C has a bimodule structure. If H and K are subgroups of G, then RG is a RH-RK bimodule and Received by the editors May 10, 1994 and, in revised form, November 18, 1994. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 55U15, 57P10.
Characteristics of smokers with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Aim The purpose of this secondary analysis was to identify the characteristics of smokers with type 2 diabetes, enrolled in a smoking cessation program. Background The health consequences of smoking are particularly severe for individuals with diabetes who smoke. Methods The characteristics of 227 smokers with type 2 diabetes were analyzed to determine which traits were more likely to be associated with quit success. Results Results of the data analysis indicate that smokers with type 2 diabetes were more likely to be abstinent 30days and 6months after the quit date if they attended a majority of the program classes and support groups; and used cessation medications. Expressing concerns about the expense of cigarettes was also associated with quit success at 6months. Conclusions Although studies have examined compliance with other diabetes care recommendations, few have evaluated the characteristics of individuals with diabetes who smoke.
Nevanlinna-Pick Interpolation for {\mathbb{C}} + BH^\infty

We study the Nevanlinna-Pick problem for a class of subalgebras of H∞. This class includes algebras of analytic functions on embedded disks, the algebras of finite codimension in H∞ and the algebra of bounded analytic functions on a multiply connected domain. Our approach uses a distance formula that generalizes Sarason’s [23] work. We also investigate the difference between scalar-valued and matrix-valued interpolation through the use of C*-envelopes.
Iquique and the Atacama Desert

(1927). Iquique and the Atacama Desert. Scottish Geographical Magazine: Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 203-215.
Music in Intervention for Children and Adolescents with Autism: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis of 12 dependent variables from 9 quantitative studies comparing music to no-music conditions during treatment of children and adolescents with autism resulted in an overall effect size of d =.77 and a mean weighted correlation of r =.36 (p =.00). Since the confidence interval did not include 0, results were considered to be significant. All effects were in a positive direction, indicating benefits of the use of music in intervention. The homogeneity Q value was not significant (p =.83); therefore, results of included studies are considered to be homogeneous and explained by the overall effect size. The significant effect size, combined with the homogeneity of the studies, leads to the conclusion that all music intervention, regardless of purpose or implementation, has been effective for children and adolescents with autism. Included studies are described in terms of type of dependent variables measured; theoretical approach; number of subjects in treatment sessions; participation in and use, selection, and presentation of music; researcher discipline; published or unpublished source; and subject age. Clinical implications as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.
Synthesis of six lower homologs of methyl sterculate

Abstract In three synthetic steps, methyl sterculate and six lower homologs were synthesized from their corresponding alkynoic esters. In addition, methods for the synthesis of alkynoic fatty acids have been evaluated according to their reliability and efficiency, and the best combinations of these procedures were summarized. The homologous series of alkynoic esters and cyclopropenoic diesters were described and characterized.
The driving habits of adults aged 60 years and older

OBJECTIVES: We describe the driving habits of adults aged 60 years and older who were interviewed in the context of a community survey focused on mental disturbances. Our goal was to identify clinical cues that might signal driving difficulty in older adults who might present to the primary care physician for health care. DESIGN: A population-based survey. SETTING: Continuing participants in a follow-up study of community-dwelling adults who were living in East Baltimore in 1981. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects were 1920 continuing participants of the Baltimore sample of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program; 589 were aged 60 years and older and provided information on driving habits. MEASUREMENTS: Respondents were asked about their driving status: had they made adaptations to driving and had they experienced any adverse driving events in the 2 years before the interview. Driving behaviors were assessed in relation to chronic disease, sensory impairment, functional status, and mental status. RESULTS: Former drivers were more likely to be older, female, and nonwhite. Diabetes, vision impairment, functional impairment, and making an error on the copy design task of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were associated with no longer driving. Women were more likely to report having made adaptations to driving, as were persons with heart disease, arthritis, vision impairment, and those who made an error on the copy design task of the MMSE. Heart disease and hearing impairment were associated with report of an adverse driving event. In multivariate models that included terms for potentially influential characteristics such as age, gender, and miles driven, only the copy design task was associated with driving status, and only heart disease was associated with driving adaptation and adverse driving events. CONCLUSION: Simple tests that tap visuospatial ability, such as the copy design task of the MMSE, may warrant additional study for use in driving assessment of older adults in primary care. The results underscore the importance of making an inquiry about driving as a separate and independent component of functional assessment.