cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decision making strategies in contour tracing

Contour tracing in image processing is to extract linear features (lines and curves) from images that are useful to intermediate and high-level vision tasks. One difficult problem in contour tracing is to determine the tracing direction at branch points. In this paper a collection of general purpose decision making strategies at branch points is discussed along with a method to combine them into a single criterion that is in fact a weighted combination of those criteria that are considered. Experiments show that results obtained using different branching criteria indeed reflect the need of combining them together, although automatic determination of the weighting factors remains unsolved and needs further study.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Crystal structure of ATP sulfurylase from Penicillium chrysogenum: insights into the allosteric regulation of sulfate assimilation.

ATP sulfurylase from Penicillium chrysogenum is an allosterically regulated enzyme composed of six identical 63.7 kDa subunits (573 residues). The C-terminal allosteric domain of each subunit is homologous to APS kinase. In the presence of APS, the enzyme crystallized in the orthorhombic space group (I222) with unit cell parameters of a = 135.7 A, b = 162.1 A, and c = 273.0 A. The X-ray structure at 2.8 A resolution established that the hexameric enzyme is a dimer of triads in the shape of an oblate ellipsoid 140 A diameter × 70 A. Each subunit is divided into a discreet N-terminal domain, a central catalytic domain, and a C-terminal allosteric domain. Two molecules of APS bound per subunit clearly identify the catalytic and allosteric domains. The sequence 197QXRN200 is largely responsible for anchoring the phosphosulfate group of APS at the active site of the catalytic domain. The specificity of the catalytic site for adenine nucleotides is established by specific hydrogen bonds to the protein main chai...
The Effects of Employee-Led Process Design on Welder Set-Up Intervals

This study focused on improving manufacturing efficiency and production by designing new steps to the work process with an employee focus group. The set-up behaviors of two regular stock welders at a medium-size metal furniture manufacturer were observed via video recordings. The videos of the welders completing their tasks were reviewed in an employee focus group, during which it was determined that designing the welding process to include the use of walkie-talkies would successfully alter the contingencies surrounding set-up behaviors, thereby leading to a decrease in average set-up time. Results for the two welders combined showed a decrease in average set-up time of 2.27 min, with Welder A exhibiting a larger decrease overall and Welder B’s set-up time showing a greater reduction in variability.
Effects of corn distillers dried grains with solubles on quality traits of pork

The high cost of feed grains has led swine producers to seek alternative feedstuffs, such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). However, little is known about the effects of high levels of DDGS in swine diets on pork quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate belly processing and bacon, sausage, and loin quality of pigs fed high levels of DDGS. Sixty pigs averaging 34 kg BW were fed fortifi ed corn-soybean meal diets containing 0%, 15%, 30%, or 45% DDGS. At 120 kg BW, the pigs were humanely harvested and bellies, loins, and shoulders were removed from the left side of each carcass. Flex tests of bellies indicated that they became softer (linear, P < 0.03) as DDGS levels increased. The PUFA in backfat and belly fat increased linearly (P < 0.005), as did iodine values with increasing 0DDGS in the diet. Bellies were pumped to target 12% brine retention, cooked, and sliced at a commercial facility. Slicing yield was not affected by DDGS level fed. Fresh bacon slices were scored 1 to 6 with 1 representing no visible cracks in the fat and 6 representing a spider weblike shattering of the fat. Shatter scores decreased (linear, P < 0.001) with increasing dietary DDGS. Bratwurststyle sausage was produced by combining ground Boston butts and picnics to target 30% fat, blended with commercial seasonings, and stuffed into natural casings. Loose sausage was placed on trays, overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride wrap, and stored under constant, cool white fl orescent lighting (1,300 lx) at 4°C. Objective color values (L*, a*, and b*) were taken on loosepackaged sausage mix at 6 locations at the same time daily for 7 d. Sausage was also sampled for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at the same time daily on d 0, 3, 5, and 7. Color scores of sausage were not consistently affected by DDGS level in the diet and the changes were slight. The TBARS in sausage from pigs fed the 30% and 45% DDGS diets increased to a greater extent from d 0 to 7 than in those fed the control or 15% DDGS diets. An 8-member, trained panel evaluated the sensory attributes of bacon slices, sausage, and loin chops. The DDGS resulted in a softer texture (P < 0.004) and increased juiciness (P < 0.04) in sausages, but no differences in sensory scores were found in bacon slices or loin chops. The results indicate that the softer bellies, greater concentrations of PUFA in carcass fat, and greater iodine values associated with feeding increased DDGS did not negatively affect slicing yield of cured bellies, quality of fresh bacon slices, or eating quality of bacon, sausage, or loin chops.
Speech entrainment enables patients with Broca’s aphasia to produce fluent speech

A distinguishing feature of Broca’s aphasia is non-fluent halting speech typically involving one to three words per utterance. Yet, despite such profound impairments, some patients can mimic audio-visual speech stimuli enabling them to produce fluent speech in real time. We call this effect ‘speech entrainment’ and reveal its neural mechanism as well as explore its usefulness as a treatment for speech production in Broca’s aphasia. In Experiment 1, 13 patients with Broca’s aphasia were tested in three conditions: (i) speech entrainment with audio-visual feedback where they attempted to mimic a speaker whose mouth was seen on an iPod screen; (ii) speech entrainment with audio-only feedback where patients mimicked heard speech; and (iii) spontaneous speech where patients spoke freely about assigned topics. The patients produced a greater variety of words using audio-visual feedback compared with audio-only feedback and spontaneous speech. No difference was found between audio-only feedback and spontaneous speech. In Experiment 2, 10 of the 13 patients included in Experiment 1 and 20 control subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the neural mechanism that supports speech entrainment. Group results with patients and controls revealed greater bilateral cortical activation for speech produced during speech entrainment compared with spontaneous speech at the junction of the anterior insula and Brodmann area 47, in Brodmann area 37, and unilaterally in the left middle temporal gyrus and the dorsal portion of Broca’s area. Probabilistic white matter tracts constructed for these regions in the normal subjects revealed a structural network connected via the corpus callosum and ventral fibres through the extreme capsule. Unilateral areas were connected via the arcuate fasciculus. In Experiment 3, all patients included in Experiment 1 participated in a 6-week treatment phase using speech entrainment to improve speech production. Behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected before and after the treatment phase. Patients were able to produce a greater variety of words with and without speech entrainment at 1 and 6 weeks after training. Treatment-related decrease in cortical activation associated with speech entrainment was found in areas of the left posterior-inferior parietal lobe. We conclude that speech entrainment allows patients with Broca’s aphasia to double their speech output compared with spontaneous speech. Neuroimaging results suggest that speech entrainment allows patients to produce fluent speech by providing an external gating mechanism that yokes a ventral language network that encodes conceptual aspects of speech. Preliminary results suggest that training with speech entrainment improves speech production in Broca’s aphasia providing a potential therapeutic method for a disorder that has been shown to be particularly resistant to treatment. * Abbreviations : DTI : diffusion tensor imaging FSL : FMRIB Software Library
The reliability of the assessment of endoscopic laryngeal findings associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

Objective To determine the reliability of the assessment of laryngoscopic findings potentially associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). Study Design Prospective randomized blinded study. Methods One hundred twenty video segments of rigid fiberoptic laryngeal examinations were prospectively analyzed by five otolaryngologists blinded to patient information and were scored according to several variables potentially associated with LPRD. Separate assessments of the degree of erythema and degree of edema were scored on a five-point scale for the anterior commissure, membranous vocal fold, and interarytenoid region. Similarly, interarytenoid pachydermia, likelihood of LPRD involvement, and severity of LPRD findings were assessed. For each of these scored physical findings, inter-rater and intrarater reliabilities were determined. Results The inter-rater reliabilities of the laryngoscopic findings associated with LPRD were poor. Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.161 and 0.461 for edema of the arytenoids and membranous vocal folds, respectively (P <.001). Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.181 and 0.369 for erythema of the arytenoids and membranous vocal folds, respectively (P <.001). Raters demonstrated poor agreement as to the severity of LPRD findings (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.265) and the likelihood of an LPRD component for dysphonia (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.248). Similarly, intrarater reliability was extremely variable for the various physical findings, with Kendall correlation coefficients ranging from −0.121 to 0.837. Conclusions Accurate clinical assessment of laryngeal involvement with LPRD is likely to be difficult because laryngeal physical findings cannot be reliably determined from clinician to clinician. Such variability makes the precise laryngoscopic diagnosis of LPRD highly subjective.
Survey of Grain Boundary Energies in Four Elemental Metals

Grain boundary properties depend on both composition and structure. To test the relative contributions of composition and structure to the grain boundary energy, we calculated the energy of 388 grain boundaries in four elemental, fcc metals: Ni, Al, Au and Cu. We constructed atomic-scale bicrystals of each boundary and subjected them to a rigorous energy minimization process to determine the lowest energy structure. Typically, several thousand boundary configurations were examined for each boundary in each element.
Reconciling Non-Gaussian Climate Statistics with Linear Dynamics

Linear stochastically forced models have been found to be competitive with comprehensive nonlinear weather and climate models at representing many features of the observed covariance statistics and at predictionsbeyondaweek.Their success seems atoddswith the factthattheobserved statisticscan besignificantly non-Gaussian, which is often attributed to nonlinear dynamics. The stochastic noise in the linear models can be a mixture of state-independent (‘‘additive’’) and linearly state-dependent (‘‘multiplicative’’) Gaussian white noises. It is shown here that such mixtures can produce not only symmetric but also skewed non-Gaussian probability distributions if the additive and multiplicative noises are correlated. Such correlations are readily anticipated from first principles. A generic stochastically generated skewed (SGS) distribution can be analytically derived from the Fokker‐Planck equation for a single-component system. In addition to skew, all such SGS distributions have power-law tails, as well as a striking property that the (excess) kurtosis K is always greater than 1.5 times the square of the skew S. Remarkably, this K‐S inequality is found to be satisfied by circulation variables even in the observed multicomponent climate system. A principle of ‘‘diagonal dominance’’ in the multicomponent moment equations is introduced to understand this behavior. To clarify the nature of the stochastic noises (turbulent adiabatic versus diabatic fluctuations) responsible for the observed non-Gaussian statistics, a long 1200-winter simulation of the northern winter climate is generated using a dry adiabatic atmospheric general circulation model forced only with the observed long-term wintermean diabatic forcing as a constant forcing. Despite the complete neglect of diabatic variations, the model reproduces the observed K‐S relationships and also the spatial patterns of the skew and kurtosis of the daily tropospheric circulation anomalies. This suggests that the stochastic generators of these higher moments are mostly associated with local adiabatic turbulent fluxes. The model also simulates fifth moments that are approximately 10 times the skew, and probability densities with power-law tails, as predicted by the linear theory.
Risk-averse decision-making for civil infrastructure exposed to low-probability, high-consequence events

Abstract Quantitative analysis and assessment of risk to civil infrastructure has two components: probability of a potentially damaging event and consequence of damage, measured in terms of financial or human losses. Decision models that have been utilized during the past three decades take into account the probabilistic component rationally, but address decision-maker attitudes toward consequences and risk only to a limited degree. The application of models reflecting these attitudes to decisions involving low-probability, high-consequence events that may impact civil infrastructure requires a fundamental understanding of risk acceptance attitudes and how they affect individual and group choices. In particular, the phenomenon of risk aversion may be a significant factor in decisions for civil infrastructure exposed to low-probability events with severe consequences, such as earthquakes, hurricanes or floods. This paper utilizes cumulative prospect theory to investigate the role and characteristics of risk-aversion in assurance of structural safety.
Vertical migrations of reef fish larvae in the Straits of Florida and effects on larval transport

The goals of this study were to measure vertical distributions of pelagic coral reef fish larvae, identify significant vertical migrations, and estimate the effects of vertical migrations between depths with different ambient currents on larval transport in the Straits of Florida. Spring, summer, and fall time-series of plankton net tows were conducted at the edge of the Florida Current offshore of Miami. In each time-series the upper 100 m of the water column at a fixed station was sampled repeatedly at 3-h intervals for two diel cycles, with different nets sampling at five discrete depth ranges. Simultaneously, currents-at-depth were recorded by shipboard current profilers. Mean and standard deviation of larval depth and statistically significant vertical migrations were determined by nonparametric resampling and tree regression techniques. In 10 taxa, larvae showed ontogenic vertical migrations, gradually moving deeper with growth and development. Vertical distributions of six taxa varied between day and night, revealing diel vertical migrations. Larval transport was estimated by generating progressive vector diagrams from current measurements and larval vertical distributions. The dominant alongshore component of the Florida Current resulted in rapid larval transport through the Straits of Florida, while cross-shore current was an order of magnitude weaker and highly variable. Larvae at depths . 70 m experienced a 15–75% reduction in transport; thus, deep vertical distributions and downward vertical migrations potentially favor retention and settlement in the Straits of Florida.
Continuous phase quadrature phase shift keyed (CPQPSK) signaling technique

A continuous phase quadrature-phase-shift-keyed (CPQPSK) modulation technique is presented. This method uses a conventional QPSK-modulated signal and a phase trajectory converter to obtain nearly constant envelope amplitude and continuous phase trajectories. A computer simulation program, MODEM, is used to simulate the CPQPSK signaling technique. It is concluded that this technique is particularly useful in building a high data rate transmitter for existing QPSK communication systems. >
Low-density parity-check codes for multilevel modulation

The application of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes to multilevel modulation systems is studied. A family of binary LDPC codes that offer good performance and do not suffer from error-floor effects at low bit-error rates is introduced. A number of properties render these codes attractive for practical applications: they are specified via a small number of parameters, are encodable in linear time, and the generation of their parity-check matrix is deterministic, involving a small number of preprocessing operations. In addition, the symbol-mapping technique based on "double Gray-code labeling" for obtaining coded multilevel transmit symbols is described. Finally, it is shown that the proposed LDPC coding technique is well suited for multicarrier digital-subscriber-line transmission applications as it permits a wide range of trade-offs between latency, complexity, and system performance.
Liquid Courage or Liquid Fear: Alcohol Intoxication and Anxiety Facilitate Physical Aggression

Participants were 138 male social drinkers between 18 and 30 years of age from a university community in the southeastern United States in 2000. Trait and state anxiety was measured using the Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Facial Action Coding System, respectively. Participants consumed an alcoholic or nonalcoholic control beverage and completed a shock-based aggression task. Regression analysis indicated that alcohol-facilitated elevations in anxiety mediated the relation between alcohol consumption and aggression and that trait anxiety and physical provocation moderated this effect. Implications and limitations of this study are noted and future research directions are suggested.
Comparative Pharmacology, Bioavailability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Glucocorticosteroids

A comparison of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of inhaled corticosteroids is necessary for their assessment. A good knowledge of these two aspects allows the optimization of efficacy and safety.The currently available inhaled corticosteroids already show some of the desired PK/PD parameters. The local adverse effects are decreased as soon as the inhaled corticosteroid is administered as an inactive prodrug or shows a bet-ter lung deposition. HFA-MDI beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and ciclesonide are two agents that illustrate this. Low oral bioavailability, rapid systemic clearance, and high plasma protein binding can minimize systemic adverse effects. Mometasone furoate, ciclesonide, and fluticasone propionate possess those characteristics. The pulmonary efficacy is maximized by high lung deposition and long pulmonary residence times. This effect can be achieved by slow dissolution in the lungs, as is the case for fluticasone propionate or lipid conjugation and has been shown for budesonide and ciclesonide. Furthermore, the lung deposition depends on the inhalation device, the particle size, and the inhalation technique. Therefore,improvement in the design of MDIs, DPIs, and nebulizers, and the development of more effective drug particles will lead to an optimized pulmonary targeting. Much progress has been made in the treatment of asthma. The available inhaled corticosteroids show a high safety profile and a good pulmonary selectivity. Development of newer compounds showed that improvement is possible as the result of a complete understanding of the PK/PD concepts. However,the introduction of further improved formulations with a better efficacy/safety profile will be difficult and protracted because the existing drugs are already highly efficient.
Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and early reproductive health outcomes among women undergoing IVF

STUDY QUESTION In women undergoing IVF, are urinary bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations associated with ovarian response and early reproductive outcomes, including oocyte maturation and fertilization, Day 3 embryo quality and blastocyst formation?
Design and experimental validation of an extended Kalman filter-based NOx concentration estimator in selective catalytic reduction system applications

Abstract This paper presents an extended Kalman filter (EKF) based approach of integrating NO x and NH 3 sensors to estimate the NO x concentrations in Diesel engine selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment systems. NO x sensors have been commonly used by vehicles for aftertreatment system control and onboard diagnostics (OBD) purposes. However, most currently available NO x sensors are cross-sensitive to ammonia. Based on the experimental observations and physical inferences, the cross-sensitivity characteristics may change with temperature and is hard to be predicted by a model. This feature limits the applications of NO x sensors on urea-SCR systems where ammonia is the reductant for NO x conversions. Grounded in the insight into SCR dynamics and NO x sensor properties, a novel approach of using an extended Kalman filter to estimate the actual exhaust gas NO x concentration was proposed. The estimator was examined by NO x measurements from a Horiba gas analyzer under different engine operating conditions. The experimental results show that the EKF-based approach can significantly improve the accuracy of NO x concentration measurements from the original NO x sensor readings.
Using Wavelet Domain Workload Execution Characteristics to Improve Accuracy, Scalability and Robustness in Program Phase Analysis

Program phase analysis has many applications in computer architecture design and optimization. Recently, there has been a growing interest in employing wavelets as a tool for phase analysis. Nevertheless, the examined scope of workload characteristics and the explored benefits due to wavelet-based analysis are quite limited. This work further extends prior research by applying wavelets analysis to abundant types of program execution statistics and quantifying the benefits of wavelet analysis in terms of accuracy, scalability and robustness in phase classification. Experimental results on SPEC CPU 2000 benchmarks show that compared with methods that work in the time domain, wavelet domain phase analysis achieves higher accuracy and exhibits superior scalability and robustness. We examine and contrast the effectiveness of applying wavelets to a wide range of runtime workload execution characteristics. We find that wavelet transform significantly reduces temporal dependence in the sampled workload statistics and therefore simple models which are insufficient in the time domain become quite accurate in the wavelet domain. More attractively, we show that different types of workload execution characteristics in wavelet domain can be assembled together to further improve phase classification accuracy. For long-running, complex and real-world workloads, a scalable phase analysis technique is essential to capture the manifested large-scale program behavior. In this study, we show that such scalability can be achieved by applying wavelet analysis of high dimension sampled workload statistics to alleviate the counter overflow problem which can negatively affect phase classification accuracy. By exploiting the wavelet denoising capability, we show in this paper that phase classification can be performed robustly under program execution variability. To our knowledge, this work presents the first effort on using wavelets to improve scalability and robustness in phase analysis
Apprenticeship instruction through adaptive human-computer interaction

Discusses an approach and issues regarding the use of intelligent adaptive user interfaces, coupled with hypermedia, to provide supportive learning situations for users within an instructional paradigm of cognitive apprenticeship. Existing models of user interaction are examined and extended with a supportive learning model of user interaction. The paper addresses learning opportunities provided by implementing this model of interaction using intelligent computer-human interaction, as well as identifies issues which are yet to be resolved in providing supportive learning situations within the apprenticeship learning paradigm. >
Understanding Cooperative Behavior in Labor Management Cooperation: A Theory‐Building Exercise

This article proposes a theory of how mandated institutional cooperation transforms into individual cooperative behavior. Using qualitative strategies, we draw insights about cooperation in three public-sector efforts of labor-management cooperation (LMC). We report an association between critical shifts in the roles of stakeholders and the change from adversarial to cooperative labor relations. While managers became team players along with their employees, labor representatives assumed managerial responsibilities. These changes were also associated with a service-oriented perspective, better understanding of the other's experiences, and a view of cooperation as partnership. At the heart of these transformations, we found critical changes in communication patterns associated with incrementally growing levels of trust. We propose a model that depicts the links between collective and individual levels of organizational action related to LMC. We conclude that the positive shifts in mental models regarding work and the value of cooperation justify the promotion of LMC efforts.
Specification-based intrusion detection for H.323-based voice over IP

Voice over IP (VoIP) has been in a state of rapid development due to its economical advantage over traditional telephone services. Denial of service (DoS) attack has been a major security threat for many computer systems. This work introduces a specification-based intrusion detection system to protect H.323 gatekeepers from both external and internal DoS attacks. Based on the protocol for RAS (Registration, Admission Status) messages, a finite-state machine specification for correct behaviors between a gatekeeper and endpoints is produced. Security requirements against these DoS attacks are established, resulting in a formal protocol specification for secured gatekeepers. Developing the proposal into a practical solution, an intrusion detection module is built and incorporated into the open source software GNU Gatekeeper (also named OpenH323GK). A simple, proof-of-concept prototype has been built; the secured H. 323 gateway is able to fend off DoS attacks launched from GNU OpenPhone clients
MEASURING SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF SHOCKS TO THE ALASKA ECONOMY: AN INTER-REGIONAL SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX (IRSAM) MODEL APPROACH

An inter-regional social accounting matrix (IRSAM) model is used to estimate the spillover effects occurring between economies of two US regions – (i) Alaska, which depends heavily on imports of commodities and factors of production from outside the region, and (ii) the rest of the US (RoUS). Multiplier decomposition is used to calculate intra-regional multipliers and spillover effects between the two regions. Results show that a significant percentage (46.3–70.8%) of the total secondary impacts of a shock to Alaskan industries leaks out of Alaska and flows to the RoUS. An analysis of household multipliers indicates that over 60% of the total secondary effects of an increase in Alaska household income accrues to the RoUS households. Policymakers are concerned with identifying the magnitude, nature, and geographic distribution of economic impacts from the policies they implement. The IRSAM model provides the framework for a better understanding of the intra-regional and spillover effects of policies.
A NEW CRAB FROM THE LATE EOCENE HOKO RIVER FORMATION, OLYMPIC PENINSULA, WASHINGTON: THE EARLIEST RECORD OF EUPHYLAX (DECAPODA: PORTUNIDAE)

Abstract Euphylax feldmanni new species from the late Eocene Hoko River Formation, northwestern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, represents the first occurrence of Euphylax in pre-Oligocene strata, the earliest fossil record for the subfamily Podophthalminae, and the first record of the genus from the eastern North Pacific. This small, aberrant crab is one of 26 described species of decapod crustaceans from an unusual allochthonous invertebrate assemblage of the upper Eocene Hoko River Formation conglomerates at Kydikabbit Point, on the Makah Indian Nation, northwestern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, U.S.A. Species of Euphylax live today in the Pacific Ocean from Baja California south to Peru and Chile, and have been found as fossils from the Pleistocene of Jamaica, the Miocene of Costa Rica, Brazil, and Haiti, and questionably from Malaysia and Japan. The discovery of a fossil species of Euphylax from the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. greatly expands the paleobiogeography of the genus.
Iamblichus, Ficino and Schleiermacher on the Sources of Religious Knowledge

In one of the Platonic schools of late antiquity Iamblichus developed a philosophical defence of religious experience, describing it as a precognitive awareness of humanity’s existential dependence on a divine principle of unity. The argument was directed against the high rationalism of Porphyry. Marsilio Ficino, the first student of Iamblichus in the Latin West since antiquity, made the argument a foundational one in his own philosophy, implicitly responding to sceptical themes in Renaissance scholasticism. The argument was revived a third time by Friedrich Schleiermacher in response to the scientific materialists of the Enlightenment and as a development of Rousseau’s religious thought.
Correlating visual evoked potentials with psychometric intelligence, variation in technique.

Visual evoked potential measures are correlated with intelligence test scores of 17 Ss and yield a significant rho of −.75. Variations in technique include the utilization of a zero-crossing detector to control the delivery of the visual stimulus and an attempt to reduce S's level of arousal.
Preface: about the dental Pipeline program.

In 2001, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) launched the nation’s largest dental education demonstration program, Pipeline, Profession, and Practice: Community-Based Dental Education. The primary goal of the program was to respond directly to the U.S. surgeon general’s report in 2000
Transnationalism in Camilla Gibb’s Sweetness in the Belly

In a 1924 silent film, meant to show the ethnic and racial diversity of London, a brief detour takes the viewer to the “Strangers’ Home for Asiatics, Africans, and South Sea Islanders.” The Home, in Docklands (part of the Borough of Tower Hamlets, where Brick Lane is located) was a centre for London’s large (60000+ at the time) and growing population of “lascars” (Indian sailors—primarily Bengali Muslims) and other Muslim groups. The film is titled “Cosmopolitan London”—a prescient choice, given how those two words would be so regularly associated some decades later. The word “Cosmopolitan” stood in for “multicultural” then—and still does, to some extent (in real-estate parlance, a “cosmopolitan neighbourhood” in London means one with a large minority population; one college, catering to ESL students, has named itself “Cosmopolitan College”).
Emerging Modalities in Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Even in the posthuman genomic era, radiation therapy singularly continues to offer considerable hope to the patients with localized prostate cancer and the metastatic disease. The radiation therapy techniques and their combination with other emerging modalities have developed rapidly over the past two decades at an increasing pace. These newer treatment modalities, apart from their therapeutic benefits, have shown remarkable advantages such as shortening treatment durations, patient visits, saving medical resources, and reducing treatment costs. This chapter will attempt to highlight some of the novel modalities that are nearing clinical application. With the advent of improved patient stratification methods, advanced imaging modalities, adaptive radiation therapies, and expansion of new types of external beam irradiation, better understanding of molecular mechanisms of various radiation sensitization targets, promising genomic and metabolomic biomarkers, and critical findings derived from a wide-range of combinatorial treatment modality clinical trials involving systemic and surgical approaches, the future of radiation therapy treatment options for prostate cancer patients look bright.
How Yoga Helps Heal Interpersonal Trauma: Perspectives and Themes from 11 Interpersonal Trauma Survivors

Trauma is ubiquitous in our society; therefore, it is important to explore how individuals cultivate healing after traumatic experiences. Yoga may be one avenue to cultivate healing. Qualitative methods were employed to study the role yoga practice played in the healing process of those who experienced interpersonal trauma. Eleven interpersonal trauma survivors who practiced yoga regularly were identified through a criterion sampling method. Data analysis revealed that the emphasis of yoga on mind and physical body fostered numerous positive outcomes, such as spiritual growth, self-acceptance, alleviation of trauma-related symptoms, and increased feelings of self-compassion, empowerment, and serenity. Our findings suggest that yoga may be helpful to regain mental and physical health, foster wellbeing, and cultivate personal growth after interpersonal trauma.
Philadelphia chromosome positive childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical and cytogenetic characteristics and treatment outcome. A Pediatric Oncology Group study

Among 3,638 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) entered on Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) protocols between June 1981 and April 1989, successful cytogenetic studies were available for 2,519, 58 (2.3%) of which had the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome detected. Features associated with the presence of the Ph chromosome were high leukocyte count (median, 33 x 10(9)/L), older age median, 9.6 years), a higher proportion of French-American-British L2 morphology, and a lower frequency of mediastinal mass. Immunologic marker studies at diagnosis in 56 Ph+ cases identified early pre-B ALL in 42 cases (75%), pre-B-cell in 9 (16%), and T-cell in 5 (9%). This distribution is similar to that found in Ph+ ALL. Intensive multiagent chemotherapy induced complete remissions in only 78% of eligible Ph+ patients compared with 96% of those without an identified Ph chromosome (P less than .001). Of 44 eligible Ph+ patients treated on POG frontline protocols for children with non-T, non-B-cell ALL, 27 have failed therapy, compared with 520 of 1,892 without an identified Ph chromosome (logrank P less than .001). Ph+ ALL is an aggressive form of acute leukemia that frequently presents in older children with a high leukocyte count, FAB L2 morphology, and a pseudodiploid karyotype, and becomes multidrug-resistant early. Thus, Ph+ cases require early identification to permit treatment with intensive induction regimens and experimental approaches such as bone marrow transplantation.
Prolonged QTc Interval Is Common In Patients with Sickle Cell Disease and Has An Inverse Relationship to Hemoglobin and Hematocrit: Results From CSSCD

Abstract Abstract 2675 Background: Sudden unexplained premature cardiac death is common among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Prolonged QTc (Corrected QT interval) on electrocardiogram (EKG) is an established marker for higher risk of sudden cardiac death. There are limited data on the prevalence of prolonged QTc in SCD patients. Aim: We studied the prevalence, EKG and echocardiographic characteristics correlated with prolonged QTc in SCD patients and assessed for any predictors of prolonged QTc interval in the study subjects. Methods: Data from the National Institutes of Health sponsored Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD), a multi-center, prospective study of the clinical course of SCD were analyzed. HbSS patients > 5 years of age from four clinical centers participated in the study. Each patient underwent a standard 12 lead EKG and echocardiogram and laboratory testing at a steady state. Bazett's square root formula was used for rate correction to calculate QTc. QTc> 440msec was considered as prolonged. Patients with a known diagnosis of congenital prolonged QTc syndrome or those on any medications with a known association with prolonged QTc were excluded from the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. P value of Results: Data from 240 patients (62% females, 100% African American with mean age 22.3 +−10.3 years were analyzed. Of these, 33.1% were women. Prolonged QTc, per the above specified definition was seen in 31.3% of the study patients. Mean serum hemoglobin (7.9 vs. 8.6; p In a multivariable model with age, gender, venticular septal thickness, pericardial effusion and hemoglobin%, only hemoglobin% was associated with prolonged QT interval: odds ratio (SD) per unit increase in Hb% = 0.65 (0.49, 0.87). Age, gender, echocardiography determined left ventricular hypertrophy, X-ray determined cardiomegaly, PR interval, ventricular or atrial thickness or dimensions were not related to prolonged QTc interval. Conclusions: These data suggest that prolonged QTc is common among patients with sickle cell disease and that hemoglobin and hematocrit are independent and inverse predictors of prolonged QTc interval. The mechanism of prolonged QTc interval and its role if any, in sudden cardiac deaths in patients with sickle cell disease is unknown. We speculate that chronic anemia and resulting sub-acute cardiac ischemia may be associated with ventricular repolarization defects leading to prolonged QTc interval. These data provide the rationale for mechanistic studies of prolonged QTc interval and its potential relationship to sudden cardiac death in patients with sickle cell disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Detecting discordance enrichment among a series of two-sample genome-wide expression data sets.

With the current microarray and RNA-seq technologies, two-sample genome-wide expression data have been widely collected in biological and medical studies. The related differential expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis have been frequently conducted. Integrative analysis can be conducted when multiple data sets are available. In practice, discordant molecular behaviors among a series of data sets can be of biological and clinical interest. In this study, a statistical method is proposed for detecting discordance gene set enrichment. Our method is based on a two-level multivariate normal mixture model. It is statistically efficient with linearly increased parameter space when the number of data sets is increased. The model-based probability of discordance enrichment can be calculated for gene set detection. We apply our method to a microarray expression data set collected from forty-five matched tumor/non-tumor pairs of tissues for studying pancreatic cancer. We divided the data set into a series of non-overlapping subsets according to the tumor/non-tumor paired expression ratio of gene PNLIP (pancreatic lipase, recently shown it association with pancreatic cancer). The log-ratio ranges from a negative value (e.g. more expressed in non-tumor tissue) to a positive value (e.g. more expressed in tumor tissue). Our purpose is to understand whether any gene sets are enriched in discordant behaviors among these subsets (when the log-ratio is increased from negative to positive). We focus on KEGG pathways. The detected pathways will be useful for our further understanding of the role of gene PNLIP in pancreatic cancer research. Among the top list of detected pathways, the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction and olfactory transduction pathways are the most significant two. Then, we consider gene TP53 that is well-known for its role as tumor suppressor in cancer research. The log-ratio also ranges from a negative value (e.g. more expressed in non-tumor tissue) to a positive value (e.g. more expressed in tumor tissue). We divided the microarray data set again according to the expression ratio of gene TP53. After the discordance enrichment analysis, we observed overall similar results and the above two pathways are still the most significant detections. More interestingly, only these two pathways have been identified for their association with pancreatic cancer in a pathway analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. This study illustrates that some disease-related pathways can be enriched in discordant molecular behaviors when an important disease-related gene changes its expression. Our proposed statistical method is useful in the detection of these pathways. Furthermore, our method can also be applied to genome-wide expression data collected by the recent RNA-seq technology.
A Wittgensteinian Analysis Of The Role Of Self-Reports In Psychology

Selected aspects of the complex problem of the role of self-reports in psychology were presented in order to exemplify the form that Wittgensteinian analyses might take in psychology. Specifically, the self-report of anger was investigated.
Pocket detection and interaction-weighted ligand-similarity search yields novel high-affinity binders for Myocilin-OLF, a protein implicated in glaucoma

Abstract Traditional structure and ligand based virtual screening approaches rely on the availability of structural and ligand binding information. To overcome this limitation, hybrid approaches were developed that relied on extraction of ligand binding information from proteins sharing similar folds and hence, evolutionarily relationship. However, they cannot target a chosen pocket in a protein. To address this, a pocket centric virtual ligand screening approach is required. Here, we employ a new, iterative implementation of a pocket and ligand-similarity based approach to virtual ligand screening to predict small molecule binders for the olfactomedin domain of human myocilin implicated in glaucoma. Small-molecule binders of the protein might prevent the aggregation of the protein, commonly seen during glaucoma. First round experimental assessment of the predictions using differential scanning fluorimetry with myoc-OLF yielded 7 hits with a success rate of 12.7%; the best hit had an apparent dissociation constant of 99 nM. By matching to the key functional groups of the best ligand that were likely involved in binding, the affinity of the best hit was improved by almost 10,000 fold from the high nanomolar to the low picomolar range. Thus, this study provides preliminary validation of the methodology on a medically important glaucoma associated protein.
Coronary CT Angiography–derived Fractional Flow Reserve

Coronary CT angiography–derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) as a single noninvasive test for anatomic and functional assessment of coronary artery disease severity has been validated against invasive FFR and demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy.
“Now We All Look Like Rapunzels”: Drawing in a Kindergarten Writing Journal

Though research on children and drawing is plentiful and drawing is widely used as a pedagogic tool in kindergarten classrooms, drawing is not an area of concentrated study in most teacher education programs. The aim of this chapter is to tease out relationships between children, drawing, and curriculum with an interest in locating creative and transgressive spaces in an educational climate that seems, on the surface, to have little room for such things. Using video recordings from a year-long ethnographic case study of drawing in the language arts curriculum of a public kindergarten class, I look at ways in which children employ drawing in their classroom literacy work. This project focused specifically on drawing in the kindergarten writing journal; the seated, self-directed drawing designed to facilitate or complement the language arts lesson of the day. How do young children make and use drawing in their daily negotiations between the official classroom curriculum and their own interests and desires? Using an eclectic array of theories, including Aoki’s (J Curric Superv, 8(3):255–268, 1993) notion of lived curriculum, the unofficial, child led practices of the classroom; Bennett’s (Vibrant matter: a political ecology of things. Duke University Press, Durham, 2010) vital materialism, the agency and affect of things in relation to human experience; and Bakhtin’s (The dialogic imagination: four essays. University of Texas Press, Austin, 1981) theories of dialogism, the ongoing conversation between language and the individual, I explore the subtle and not so subtle spaces of classroom drawing.
Bariatric Surgery and Stone Disease: Help or Hindrance?

Obesity is an important medical problem that is rapidly approaching epidemic status. As diet and lifestyle changes can be ineffective at producing long-term weight loss, bariatric surgical procedures have become increasingly applicable to the management of obesity. Recent evidence suggests that certain types of bariatric procedures will induce lithogenic metabolic changes, and have been associated with increased risk of kidney stone formation. Specifically, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures appear most likely to increase risk of urinary stone disease. In these patients, identification of metabolic abnormalities is important to therapeutically modify these risk factors. In doing so, the likelihood of stone formation may be reduced.
Linkage on the infinite grid

Abstract For k fixed, a graph G is k-path-pairable, if for any set of k disjoint pairs of vertices, s i , t i , 1 ≤ i ≤ k , there exist pairwise edge-disjoint s i , t i -paths in G. Bounds on path-pairability are given here if G is the graph of the infinite integer grid in the Euclidean plane (vertices of G are the points of integer coordinates and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their Manhattan distance is 1). We prove that G is 10-path-pairable and at most 14-path-pairable. Related results and conjectures are summarized also for the integer halfplane, for the positive integer quadrant and for finite grids.
EFEKTIVITAS REKRUTMEN DALAM KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA BAGIAN PEMASARAN DI CV IKRA CENDANA LINTANG JAKARTA

ABSTRACT Human Resources has a very important role in developing and achieving the goals of the organization, in addition to organizational performance is also based on the human factor. In order to obtain reliable and professional staff, good activities are required, including recruitment and selection process in the early stages. Good recruitment and selection activities are expected to produce well-performing candidates. To form a qualified workforce it is necessary to determine the qualifications of the required workforce and place it in the right position, so that the company's goals will be achieved. To achieve the goals of the company then required a good workforce planning for each division or department within the company. With the existence of manpower planning, it is expected the company will obtain information relating to the determination of the quality of labor required by the company to fill the existing positions effectively. Related to this matter, CV. Ikra Cendana Lintang will be able to compete with other similar companies in Indonesia, of course, also require a careful and precise manpower planning in order to remain able to carry out its activities well. Keywords: Recruitment, Employee Performance
Paragangliomas: Classification, pathology, and differential diagnosis

Abstract This article discusses the paraganglion system and extra-adrenal paragangliomas. In particular, the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of paragangliomas and neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx are presented with a discussion of the differential diagnosis.