cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enzyme activity in obstructive uropathy: basis for salt wastage and the acidification defect.

Enzyme activity in obstructive uropathy: Basis for salt wastage and the acidification defect. Unilateral ureteral obstruction results in marked changes in renal function throughout the nephron, including impaired acid and potassium secretion and salt wastage. The nephron site believed responsible for the acidification defect is the collecting duct. It has been presumed, although not demonstrated, that the cellular mechanism for the acidification defect is both a decrease in transepithelial voltage and a decrease in activity of the proton pump located at the luminal membrane. The mechanism for the abnormalities in sodium handling are thought due to alterations in Na-K ATPase activity. Our laboratory has recently mapped the profile of the N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-sensitive ATPase and Na-K ATPase in microdissected rat nephron, documenting their presence throughout much of the nephron. In animals with acute unilateral ureteral obstruction for 18 to 24 hours, we measured NEM-sensitive ATPase and Na-K ATPase activities in several nephron sites. In all nephron segments Na-K ATPase activity was markedly decreased. In the medullary collecting duct, NEM-sensitive ATPase activity was also markedly reduced in animals with acute ureteral obstruction; in the cortical collecting duct, activity fell significantly, but to a lesser degree than was observed in the medullary collecting duct. NEM-sensitive ATPase activity was unchanged from control in the proximal convoluted tubule and in the medullary thick ascending limb; in the cortical thick ascending limb enzyme activity increased. These results demonstrate a change in both Na-K ATPase and NEM-sensitive ATPase activities as a direct consequence of a defect known to result in salt wastage and an acidification defect in humans and animals. Our findings show that while NEM-sensitive ATPase activity is abnormal in cortical collecting duct, the medullary collecting duct is the most severely affected.
Adsorption of FFA in crude catfish oil onto chitosan, activated carbon, and activated earth: A kinetics study

The feasibility of using chitosan, activated carbon, and activated earth to remove FFA from crude catfish visceral oil, and the adsorption kinetics of the procedure were evaluated. The effect of adsorbents on water activity and the 18∶3 and 22∶6 content of crude catfish visceral oil was also studied. The initial adsorption kinetic coefficients of FFA (mL g−1 min−1) were 0.1, 0.07, and 0.03 for chitosan, activated carbon, and activated earth, respectively. The external film mass-transfer coefficient (0.001 mL s−1) was similar for the three adsorbents. The adsorption capacity of FFA at saturation (mg g−1) was 71.2 for chitosan, 65.5 for activated carbon, and 57.0 for activated earth. The intraparticular diffusion coefficients (mg mL−1 min−0.05) were 0.14, 0.12, and 0.09 for chitosan, activated carbon, and activated earth, respectively. Water activity of the crude oil decreased with increased contact time of the adsorbents. Results indicated that chitosan was a better adsorbent than activated carbon and activated earth for FFA removal from crude catfish visceral oil.
BIO-ASSAY OF ANTISERA AGAINST HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN.

A bio-assay for antiserum against human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) based upon the inhibition of the uterine response to HCG in the immature female rat has been developed. Duplicate assays show that results are reproducible; between 5 and 40 IU of HCG, there is a direct correlation between the amount of HCG administered and the amount of antiserum needed to inhibit it, indicating that the antibody and antigen are combining in definite proportions. At the effective dose level of antiserum an increment in dosage of 20% will depress the uterine weight from the HCG control level to the level of uninjected controls. We conclude that this assay is accurate and sufficiently sensitive to be practical. The rat unit of antiserum against HCG is denned as the reciprocal of the smallest amount of antiserum needed to produce a statistically significant decrease in the uterine weight response to 20 IU of HCG. (Endocrinology 76: 20, 1965)
Astrocyte precursor response to embryonic brain injury

Penetrating traumatic insult during pregnancy is a leading cause of human fetal demise; in particular, trauma to the brain may lead to devastating long-term cognitive sequelae. Perinatal brain injury involves glial precursors, but the neural mechanisms controlling astrocyte ontogeny after injury remain incompletely understood, partly due to a lack of appropriate markers and animal models. We analyzed astrocyte precursor response to injury at the beginning (E11) and peak (E15) of gliogenesis in an avian tectal model of penetrating embryonic brain trauma, without confounding maternal and sibling effects. At both ages, lateral ventricular dilatation, necrotic foci, periventricular cysts and intraventricular hemorrhages were observed distal to stab wounds two days after a unilateral stab injury to optic tecta. Neuronal (TUBB3) and oligodendrocyte precursor (PLP) markers were down-regulated, even far-removed from the wound site. In contrast, the mature astrocyte marker, GFAP, was up-regulated at the wound site, around necrotic areas and cysts, plus in usual areas of GFAP expression. Increased inflammatory response and apoptotic cell death were also confirmed in the injured tecta. Increased expression of NFIA, SOX9 and GLAST at the wound site and in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the injured tecta indicated an astroglial precursor response. However, cell division increased in the VZ only in early (E11) injury, but not later (E15), indicating that in late injury the astrogliogenesis occurring after acute injury is predominantly due to precursor differentiation rather than precursor proliferation. The inability to replenish the glial precursor pool during the critical period of vulnerability to injury may be an important cause of subsequent developmental abnormalities.
MANIFESTATIONS OF EXCITATION ENERGY EQUILIBRIUM IN DEEP-INELASTIC COLLISIONS

The consequences of excitation energy equilibrium between the two partners in a deep-inelastic collision are explored. In this work we calculate the second moment of the excitation energy distribution and demonstrate the effects of the fluctuations on evaporated particle spectra and the correlation created in the numbers of evaporated particles from the deep-inelastic fragments.
Photometric Typing Analyses of Three Young Supernovae Observed with the Robotic Palomar 60 Inch Telescope

ABSTRACT We present photometric typing analyses of three young supernovae observed with the robotic 60 inch (1.5 m) telescope at Palomar Observatory (P60). This represents the first time that such phototyping, conducted in a blind fashion, has been attempted on newly discovered supernovae. For one of the target supernovae, SN 2004cs, our photometry provided the first constraint on the supernova type, which we predicted would be Type Ia. Contrary to expectations, however, our subsequent Keck spectroscopy shows it to be an unusual Type II supernova. For each of the other two supernovae (SN 2004dh [Type II] and SN 2004dk [Type Ib]), our phototyping results are consistent with the known event type as determined from ground‐based spectroscopy. However, the colors of SN 2004dk are also consistent with a Type Ic or Type II classification. We discuss our approach to the challenges of phototyping—contamination by host galaxy light and the unknown photometric quality of the data—for cases in which it is desirable t...
Formal Education, Socioeconomic Status, and the Severity of Aphasia After Stroke

Abstract Gonzalez-Fernandez M, Davis C, Molitoris JJ, Newhart M, Leigh R, Hillis AE. Formal education, socioeconomic status, and the severity of aphasia after stroke. Objective To determine the role of education and socioeconomic status on the severity of aphasia after stroke. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Stroke units of 2 affiliated medical centers. Participants Stroke patients (n=173) within 24 hours of symptom development and hospitalized controls (n=62) matched for age, education, and socioeconomic status (SES) with normative brain magnetic resonance imaging. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Percent error on 9 language tasks (auditory and written comprehension, naming [oral, written, and tactile], oral reading, oral spelling, written spelling, and repetition). Education was recorded in years and dichotomized as less than 12 years or 12 years and above for data analysis. Demographic characteristics (age, sex, race) and stroke volume were recorded for adjustment. SES was obtained from census tract data as 2 variables: mean neighborhood household income and family income. Results The percentage of errors for participants with 12 or more years of education was significantly lower for auditory and written comprehension, written naming, oral reading, oral spelling, and written spelling of fifth grade vocabulary words, even after adjusting for age, sex, stroke volume, and SES. Conclusions These findings suggest that even once learned, access to written word forms may become less vulnerable to disruption by stroke with increasing years of education.
Block copolymers of polystyrene and side-chain liquid crystalline siloxanes: morphology and thermal properties

Abstract Well-defined diblock copolymers of polystyrene and smectic side-chain liquid crystalline siloxanes have been prepared with a wide range of molecular weights ( M n total from 20,000 to 165,000) and liquid crystalline siloxane weight fractions (0.4–0.91). Two different types of block copolymers were examined, each series having a different mesogen attached to the siloxane block. Increasing the rigidity of the mesogen led to stronger microphase segregation between the PS and LCP blocks, and to a higher T g and LC clearing point for the LCP block. Samples with large LCP weight fractions (>0.8) and low T g (
The Middle Mountain shear zone, southern Idaho: Kinematic analysis of an early Tertiary high-temperature detachment

The Middle Mountain shear zone is exposed in the Idaho portion of the Albion- Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex. The structure strikes north- northeast-south-southwest and dips shallowly to the west. It is defined on the basis of well-developed mylonitic fabrics and had an initial thickness of at least 4 km. At least some movement on the shear zone occurred at depths of 22-26 km during Eocene amphibolite-facies metamorphism, but shear-zone fabrics may be found in some granite bodies of late Oligocene age. The zone may thus have been active in the ductile regime over a period of as much as 10-15 m.y. Mylonitic rocks within the Middle Mountain shear zone display both type I and type II S-C fabrics. Augen structures, pressure shadows, and quartz c-axis orientations are strongly asymmetric. These fabrics and textures indicate that deformation within the zone was characterized by noncoaxial laminar flow, during which the hanging wall of the structure moved down and to the west-northwest relative to the footwall. We interpret the Middle Mountain shear zone as a major detachment that played an important role in middle Tertiary extension of this part of the eastern Great Basin. The top-to-the-west displacement sense contrasts with late Cenozoic, predominantly top-to-the-east extension in this area, implying a major change in extension geometry in early to middle Miocene time.
Preventing a Second Stroke in the Young

In the United States, more than 220,000 adults under the age of 45 have had a stroke. Secondary stroke prevention is critical in this population because of the potential impact of a second stroke on productivity and future quality of life. In addition to conventional stroke risk factors, younger patients have special risk factors inherent to genetic and environmental elements, such as the use of illicit drugs and cardiac abnormalities; in women, risk factors include pregnancy, migraine, and the use of oral contraceptives.
Asian apparel brands’ Internationalization: the application of theories to the cases of Giordano and Uniqlo

How did Asian apparel brands internationalize in the competitive global apparel market? Although Asian brands are becoming global, most of previous research on internationalization was limited to the cases of the brands having Western-origins. This study aimed to explore the internationalization patterns of two leading Asian apparel brands, Giordano and Uniqlo, applying existing internationalization theories. For analysis, a case study approach was adopted by analyzing the secondary data from company reports, websites, and trade publications, following the previous case studies. Today Giordano and Uniqlo are operating more than 2,000 stores worldwide. They internationalized to the geographically close markets first, and then extended the businesses to far distance countries following the Uppsala model. Both brands are focusing on Asian developing countries recently. The two brands’ integrated supply chains and the positioning concept as basic, quality apparel at low price contributed to facilitating their internationalization. The findings confirm the existing internationalization theories and add the empirical cases of Asian brands to literature. This study also provides a managerial implication for the other brands seeking internationalization opportunities, especially for the brands with Western-origins, that need to compete with growing Asian competitors in global marketplaces.
Cytoskeleton: Actin and endocytosis — no longer the weakest link

The actin cytoskeleton has long been believed to play a role in endocytosis, but its actual function in this process has been unclear. Now, three proteins that promote actin nucleation have been found to provide a link between the actin cytoskeleton and the endocytic machinery.
Transformation of the ϕ-ψ plot for proteins to a new representation with local helicity and peptide torsional angles as variables

A new representation of protein structure is obtained by the angular coordinate transformations ηi = (ϕi+1−ψi)/2 and ξi = ϕi+1+ψi with careful mathematical attention to the cyclical boundary conditions of all of the variables involved. From published ϕ-ψ data it is possible to obtain a new η-ξ plot. As the angle ξi is varied from – 180° through 0° to + 180° in this plot, the local helicity of the polypeptide chain changes continuously and contiguously without sudden reversals in handedness. The variable, ηi, gives the torsional position of the ith peptide group. Some peptide groups in proteins, such as the second peptide residue in a type II β-turn, are nonhydrogen-bonded and can undergo considerable torsional oscillation. In such cases the η angle should be represented by a line whose length reflects the allowed dynamical variations in the peptide torsional position. Certain peptide residues in proteins may be able to undergo a complete torsional rotation of 360°. Such residues would be represented on the η-ξ plot as a straight line across the plot parallel to the abscissa. Other examples of the possible usefulness of this plot are also given.
Computer simulations and neutron reflectivity of proteins at interfaces.

Computer simulations in conjunction with neutron reflectivity is an excellent combination for the study of biological materials at solid-liquid interfaces: Both techniques have excellent resolution levels (Angstroms) and they are mature. A stronger interaction between physicists and biologists will allow the use of these two approaches in topics of biological-biomedical interest.
The compensation of coarseness error in 2D TLM modeling of microwave structures

The origin of the coarseness error in two-dimensional TLM (transmission line matrix) meshes is investigated, and a method for compensating the coarseness effect without increasing the computational expenditure is presented. The coarseness error can be eliminated by modifying the properties of the nodes situated at sharp corners or edges. The compensation is achieved by adding reactive stubs to the corner nodes. As a result, relatively coarse TLM meshes may be used to obtain highly accurate results. The efficiency and accuracy of this method are demonstrated by comparison with analytically exact solutions. The savings in computational expenditure are typically three orders of magnitude in 2D-TLM simulations. >
Superacidic Electrospun Fiber‐Nafion Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes

A novel type of hybrid membrane has been fabricated by incorporating superacidic sulfated zirconia (S-ZrO2) fibers into recast Nafion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). With the introduction of electrospun superacidic fiber mats, a large amount of protogenic groups aggregated in the interfacial region between S-ZrO2 fibers and the ionomer matrix, forming continuous pathways for facile proton transport. The resultant hybrid membranes had high proton conductivities, which were controlled by selectively adjusting the fiber diameter and fiber volume fraction. Consequently, the superacidic S-ZrO2 electrospun fibers are promising filler materials and hybrid membranes containing S-ZrO2 fiber mats can be potentially used in high-performance fuel cells.
Changes in Eye Contact and Attraction Scores Relative to Ostracism and Dissent

Ostracism casts a number of harms on group members who are targets, yet little is known about the behaviors which can lead group members to become ostracism targets. Here, we investigated whether d...
What is Meant by ‘What is Said’? A Reply to Cappelen and Lepore

In a recent paper Herman Cappelen and Ernie Lepore challenge an assumption that they rightly claim is pervasive among contemporary philosophers of language. According to this assumption (MA), an adequate semantic theory T for a language L should assign p as the semantic content of a sentence S in L if and only if in uttering S a speaker says that p. I claim that the arguments of Cappelen and Lepore are based upon an uncharitable interpretation of MA. If ‘saying’ is understood in a roughly Gricean sense, MA emerges as an eminently plausible assumption.
Availability of high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors.

BACKGROUND: The Surgeon General has called for an expansion of school-based extracurricular sports programs to address the obesity epidemic. However, little is known about the availability of and participation in high school extracurricular sports and how participation in these sports is related to high-risk behaviors. METHODS: We surveyed Los Angeles County public high schools in 2002 to determine the number of extracurricular sports programs offered and the percentage of students participating in those programs. We used community data on rates of arrests, births, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among youth to examine associations between risk behaviors and participation in sports programs. RESULTS: The average school offered 14 sports programs, and the average participation rate was 39% for boys and 30% for girls. Smaller schools and schools with higher percentages of disadvantaged students offered fewer programs. The average school offering 13 or fewer programs had 14% of its students participating, while the average school offering 16 or more programs had 31% of its students participating in sports. Controlling for area-level demographics, juvenile arrest rates and teen birth rates, but not STD rates, were lower in areas where schools offered more extracurricular sports. CONCLUSIONS: Opportunities for participation in high school extracurricular sports are limited. Future studies should test whether increased opportunities will increase physical activity and impact the increasing overweight problem in youths. Language: en
A Study of the Correlates of the Willingness to Relocate

The article discusses a study pertaining to an employee's willingness to relocate and career advancement. Research has shown that an employee's willingness to relocate may depend on time based vari...
Bodies and Minds: Dualism in Evolutionary Theory

As more social scientists adopt an evolutionary perspective, it becomes increasingly important to reflect upon the relevance of evolutionary theory to human behavior. The distinction between biologically based “nature” and environmental “nurture,” however, continues to create conceptual difficulties. One problem is that “nature” tends to be associated with the body, so that the innate-acquired distinction partially parallels the one between the body and the mind. A brief exploration of this parallel is followed by a discussion of the assumptions that biological nature is intractable and fundamentally selfish. These assumptions raise particular concerns when human nature is at issue, for such ideas about biological nature are incorporated into our deepest beliefs about what it is to be human and what a human society must be like.
Change detection in nonlinear biosignal processing by wavelets

Biological information in the brain is carried by patterns of neural activity that are manifested in electrical fields of potential known as action potentials and in electroencephalographic (EEG) waves. Detecting changes of these waves is critical for an understanding of brain functions. Experiments suggest that most EEG and evoked potential phenomena are localized, distributed, and nonstationary. Here, the authors continue their previous work on wavelet application of biosignal processing published in recent IEEE and SPIE proceedings. They focus on exploration of some theoretical issues of change detection in nonlinear biosignal processing by wavelets and multiscale edge detection.
Playing Portuguese: Constructing Identity in Malaysia's Portuguese Community

This paper is concerned with one of the less familiar outposts of the Portuguese diaspora—Malaysia. Almost five centuries after the great Portuguese seafarer Afonso de Albuquerque sailed into Malac...
Posterior leaflet augmentation improves leaflet tethering in repair of ischemic mitral regurgitation

Objectives: Ischemic mitral regurgitation results from annular dilatation, leaflet tethering and leaflet flattening. Undersized annuloplasty corrects annular dilatation but worsens leaflet tethering and flattening. This exacerbation of abnormal leaflet geometry may contribute to poor repair results for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Using a sheep model of IMR, we hypothesized that posterior leaflet augmentation and lessextreme annular undersizing would relieve tethering and increase leaflet curvature. Methods: Eight weeks after posterolateral infarct, 10 sheep with � 2+ IMR underwent either a 24-mm planar ring annuloplasty (n = 5) or a 30-mm planar ring annuloplasty with concomitant posterior leaflet augmentation (n = 5). Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography allowed measurement of indices of leaflet curvature and tethering before and after annuloplasty. Results: Comparing pre- and post-repair values in the P1, P2, and P3 leaflet regions, undersized 24-mm ring annuloplasty made no significant difference to mean septolateral curvature (0.23—0.26, 0.33—0.29, and 0.27—0.37 cm � 1 , respectively), whereas leaflet augmentation in combination with a 30-mm ring annuloplasty increased septolateral curvature (P1 0.30—1.02, P2 0.31—1.23, and P3 0.35— 0.84 cm � 1 , p-values < 0.05). The mean tethering angle formed between the annular plane and the posterior leaflet increased in all three posterior regions for the 24-mm ring group (P1 12—238, P2 26—318, and P3 16—258), but decreased in all regions for the group undergoing leaflet augmentation (P1 +5 to � 68, P2 +13 to � 138, P3 +16-158, all p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: Undersized annuloplasty exacerbates leaflet tethering. Posterior leaflet augmentation with less severe annular reduction increases leaflet curvature and decreases tethering; this technique more completely addresses the pathogenic mechanism of IMR and may improve repair durability. # 2011 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Water temperature in irrigation return flow from the Upper Snake Rock watershed

Abstract The temperature of water can increase as it flows in irrigation canals, ditches and furrow irrigated fields, potentially increasing the temperature of irrigation return flow water. The objective of this study was to compare water temperature of irrigation return flow with the irrigation water diverted from the Snake River. Water temperature was measured weekly in the main irrigation canal and 23 return flow streams from 2005 to 2008 in the Upper Snake Rock (USR) watershed in Southern Idaho, USA. The USR is an 82,000 ha watershed with about 60% of the crop land surface irrigated and the remaining area sprinkler irrigated. Median annual water temperatures in irrigation return flow streams were not greater than the water diverted from the river, suggesting that water temperature does not increase as water flowed through the canal system and furrow irrigated fields. Water in 7 of the 13 return flow streams that received flow from subsurface drains had significantly lower temperatures than the main canal in at least two years of the four years. Median water temperature in July in seven return flow streams was also lower than the main canal. Results of this study indicate that water can be diverted from a river for irrigation without increasing the temperature of the irrigation return flow.
United Nations Military Training for Peace

The "taxicab army" that rushed to defend Paris in 1914 and the patriotic fleet of small boats that saved the British army from drowning off Dunkirk in 1940 are justly hailed for heroism, but no one would take them as proper models for defense establishments. Paradoxically enough, they are almost symbols of the international community's improvisation in peacekeeping matters. Altogether, 54 countries have served in United Nations peacekeeping missions; 1 but few states have been willing to acknowledge that peacekeeping requires special training and preparation, and fewer still have provided it. The differences between combat and peacekeeping missions are nonetheless real, for peacekeeping is far more like armed police work than like combat: peacekeepers have no military objectives, are barred from employing combat methods, use arms for self-defense only, place units between, rather than in opposition to, hostile elements, and engage in negotiations rather than in combat.2 Typically, peacekeepers may serve as observers, control civilian or military traffic through road blocks, or serve as outguards in areas
Mitral and aortic valve incompetence in endocardial fibroelastosis. Diagnostic and hemodynamic significance.

Abstract Hemodynamic and angiocardiographic studies were performed in 20 infants and children whose initial clinical, electrocardiographic and roentgenographic findings were compatible with the clinical diagnosis of endocardial fibroelastosis. On the basis of right and left heart studies it was possible to separate these patients into 2 distinct clinical groups whose subsequent clinical courses differed strikingly. Patients in group 1, all of whom had a positive reaction to the mumps intradermal skin test, demonstrated moderate to marked mitral valve incompetency, mild to moderate aortic valve insufficiency, a thick left ventricular free wall showing poor systolic excursions, a dilated left ventricular cavity, increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a noncompliant left ventricle. Their subsequent clinical courses were unfavorable and characterized by recurring bouts of cardiac decompensation and a short life expectancy. Prosthetic mitral valve replacement, successful in 2 patients, resulted in marked clinical improvement. On the other hand, patients in group 2 maintained cardiac compensation after initial treatment with digitalis and left and right heart studies were normal, the only finding being an equivocal increase in left ventricular wall thickness. All of these patients are living and all have normal electrocardiographic and roentgenographic findings. It is suggested that patients in group 1 had endocardial fibroelastosis (confirmed by necropsy observation and surgical observation in most) whereas patients in group 2 had a nonspecific or aseptic myocarditis that presented an initial clinical picture indistinguishable from that of endocardial fibroelastosis. The prognosis of these latter patients is good; the prognosis of patients with endocardial fibroelastosis is guarded. If the findings of this study are confirmed, left heart studies should be of value in confirming the antemortem diagnosis of endocardial fibroelastosis.
Expression of hsp22 and hsp70 Transgenes Is Partially Predictive of Drosophila Survival Under Normal and Stress Conditions

Drosophila Hsp70 is a highly conserved molecular chaperone with numerous cytoplasmic targets. Hsp22 is an alpha-crystallin-related chaperone (small hsp) that localizes to the mitochondrial matrix. The hsp70 and hsp22 genes are induced in response to acute heat and oxidative stress and are also upregulated during normal aging. Here the hsp22 promoter (-314 to +10) and the hsp70 promoter (-194 to +10) were used to drive expression of the fluorescent reporter proteins green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (DsRED) in transgenic flies. Multiple transgenic lines were analyzed under normal culture conditions and under oxidative stress and heat stress conditions that significantly shorten life span. Flies were individually housed, and GFP (or DsRED) was quantified at young-age time points using the fluorescence stereomicroscope and image analysis software. Expression of the hsp reporters in young flies was partially predictive of remaining life span: Young flies with high expression tended to die sooner under both control and stress conditions.
Risk stratification soon after acute infarction.

Two decades ago, exercise testing “soon after acute myocardial infarction” meant that stress testing was performed 3 weeks after the acute event.1 It was conventional wisdom that patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction should avoid physical activities exceeding a workload of 3 METs for some time.2 Formal physical rehabilitation was not commenced before 10 weeks after infarction. In 1979, Theroux et al3 challenged this concept by submitting patients with recent and uncomplicated acute infarction to submaximal exercise electrocardiography at the time of hospital discharge, which at that time was ≈11 days after infarction. Not only was submaximal exercise testing shown to be safe in such patients, it also provided important prognostic information concerning the occurrence of future cardiac events. Although this landmark study set the stage for the use of exercise testing to evaluate patients with recent myocardial infarction, the prognostic power of exercise electrocardiography in later studies was found to be limited.4 This was probably due to difficulties in interpreting exercise ECGs in patients with abnormal resting ST-T segments. A few years later, Gibson et al5 showed that the addition of 201Tl myocardial perfusion imaging to submaximal predischarge exercise electrocardiography significantly enhanced the power of the test for predicting future cardiac events compared with that of exercise electrocardiography alone. More recently, Mahmarian et al6 7 demonstrated that quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging with either exercise or pharmacological vasodilation in patients with recent myocardial infarction allowed patients to be stratified into low-, intermediate-, or high-risk groups. Cardiac events after infarction have been noted to occur predominantly during the 4 to 6 weeks after the acute event, after which time the cardiac event rate is considerably lower.8 Thus, risk stratification by stress testing should be performed before the …
DFT Calculations of Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Molten Sn: Zero-Pressure Isobar

The dynamic compression of molten metals including Sn is of current interest. In particular, experiments on the compression of molten Sn by Davis and Hayes will be described at this conference. Supporting calculations of the equation of state and structure of molten Sn as a function of temperature and pressure are in progress. The calculations presented are ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on electronic density functional theory within the local density approximation. The equation of state and liquid structure factors for zero pressure are compared with existing experimental results. The good agreement in this case provides validation of the calculations.
Differential presentation of tolerogenic immunoglobulin in vivo by macrophages and by a lymphoid dendritic cell-like tumor line.

Previous work indicated that macrophages and a lymphoid dendritic cell-like tumor line, P388AD.2, possessed a differential ability to present a haptenated immunogiobulin (tolerogen) In vitro. Macrophages presented fluorescein-conjugated sheep gamma globulin (FL-SGG) and elicited B-cell unresponsiveness. In contrast, P388A0.2 presented this normally tolerogenic signal as an immunogenic one and induced augmented antihapten antibody responses. The objective of the present study was to determine whether differential tolerogen presentation could occur in vivo using defined accessory cells pulsed with FL-SGG. Interestingly, the intravenous (IV) injection of FL-SGG-puised thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, which secreted prestaglandin E2, induced haptenspecific B-cell unresponsiveness in syngeneic recipients. One thousand times as much FL-SGG in soluble form was required to produce the same degree of unresponsiveness. in contrast to macrophage-elicited negative signalling, non-prostagiandin secreting P388A0.2, when pulsed with FL-SGG, induced hapten-specific responses 2-3 times
Terrain reconstruction from widely separated images

When a terrain elevation map is computed from widely separated images the perspective distortion may result in a large number of false matches and poor reconstruction accuracy. This paper describes three image matching algorithms designed specifically to process images taken with large base-to-height ratios. They include a new match score, a subpixel interpolation scheme, and a multi-resolution unwarping technique. The algorithms are incorporated into a stereo analysis package and the system is tested by processing a single pair of high altitude images with a base-to-height ratio of 0.63 and a sequence of simulated images with base-to-height ratios that varied between 0.25 and 2.25. Analysis of the simulated data show that when these techniques are implemented the reconstruction accuracy remains independent of the base-to-height ratio.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Three New Hispine Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the United States and a New United States Record

Abstract Three new species of hispine beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the United States are described, illustrated, and discussed: Baliosus randia Riley (Texas), Heptispa brevicornis Riley (Texas), and Sumitrosis triplehorni Riley (Florida). A fourth species originally described from Mexico, Odontota signaticollis (Baly), is newly recorded from the United States (Arizona, New Mexico) and is removed from Xenochalepus Wiese and newly combined with Odontota Chevrolat, new combination.
The Meaning of Discrimination Under Title VII: A Review of Supreme Court Interpretation

In general, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin. While the language of the statute is fairly straightforward, the courts have had a very difficult time figuring out what those apparently simple words mean. The United State Supreme Court has had to make the difficult choices that have to be made between motive, on the one hand, and effects of employer conduct, on the other. This article examines the Supreme Court decisions interpreting Section 703 of Title VII and the meaning of discrimination.
Rethinking data collection and signal processing. 2. Preserving the temporal fidelity of electrochemical measurements.

Direct electrochemical measurements of biological events are often challenging because of the low signal relative to the magnitude of the background and noise. When choosing a data processing approach, the frequency and phase content of the data must be considered. Here, we employ a zero-phase (infinite impulse response (IIR)) filter to remove the noise from the analytical signal, while preserving the phase content. In fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, the frequency content of the signal is a function of the scan rate of the applied waveform. Fourier analysis was used to develop a relationship between scan rate and the filter cutoff frequency to maximize the reduction in noise, while not altering the true nature of the analytical signal. The zero-phase filter has the same effect as traditional filters with regards to increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. Because the zero-phase filter does not introduce a change to ΔEpeak, the heterogeneous electron rate transfer constant (0.10 cm/s) for ferrocene is calculate...
Overwintering Emergence and Trapping of Adult Stethorus punctum punctum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Pennsylvania Apple Orchards

Emergence of adult Stethorus punctum punctum (LeConte) from overwintering sites in apple orchards was examined for 3 yr in Adams County, Pennsylvania. Emergence during the spring in cages placed over overwintered individuals occurred between 100 and 300 degree-days (DD) when temperature units were accumulated beginning 1 March. Fifty percent emergence occured at 210 DDs 5°C . Emergence was 2.3, 46.7, and 95.8% complete by the half inch green, pink, and the petal fall stages of «Yorlang» apple development, respectively. Most adults emerged on days of average, minimum, and maximum air temperatures of 1520, 5-15, and 20-30°C, respectively. Temperatures in overwintering habitat were similar to ambient air temperature. Counts in the tree canopy were highly correlated with capture in the emergence cages in a warm year, but were too low to relate to capture in the other two cooler years. Capture of adults on yellow sticky boards was an efficient monitoring method; first capture occurred at 20-30% emergence. Yellow traps were more effective than white, and addition of ammonium carbonate did not significantly increase capture with yellow traps, but inhibited capture with white traps
Combination of two Gas Electron Multipliers and a Micromegas as gain elements for a time projection chamber

Abstract We measured the properties of a novel combination of two Gas Electron Multipliers with a Micromegas for use as amplification devices in high-rate gaseous time projection chambers. The goal of this design is to minimize the buildup of space charge in the drift volume of such detectors in order to eliminate the standard gating grid and its resultant dead time, while preserving good tracking and particle identification performance. To characterize this micro-pattern gas detector configuration, we measured the positive ion back-flow and energy resolution at various element gains and electric fields, using a variety of gases, and additionally studied crosstalk effects and discharge rates. At a gain of 2000, this configuration achieves an ion back-flow below 0.4% and an energy resolution better than σ / E = 12 % for 55 Fe X-rays.
Marcel mauss and the French “unconscious”

In 2008, just prior to his hundredth birthday, an immortality of sorts was conferred on the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss when his Oeuvres were published—leather-bound, gold-embossed, on Bible paper—in Gallimard's Pleiade collection. He died the following year and we are now beginning to see, for the first time, assessments of his achievement—including the two volumes under review—in a world without Levi-Strauss. Patrick Wilcken's stylishly written biography is considerably shorter than Denis Bertholet's French biography of 2003, but is nonetheless the first in a position to take in the entire arc of the anthropologist's career—from his nineteenth-century-style expeditions to the Brazilian interior in the 1930s, via his wartime exile in New York, where the twin influences of the linguist Roman Jakobson and assorted surrealists led to the writing of a groundbreaking thesis, to the vanguard structuralist project, the international celebrity, the eventual disillusionment with modernism, the unexpected late references to Gobineau (from an antiracist ideologue), and the final years, when he claimed to feel like a “shattered hologram” and received the visit of a notoriously philistine president of France on his hundredth birthday. Wilcken steers his biography skillfully between the pitfalls of reverence and dismissiveness. It is useful, for instance, to be reminded by a skeptical John Updike that “with such a hunting license granted, parallels and homologies are easy to bag—child's play for a brain as agile as M. Levi-Strauss” (quoted at 299). But it is equally good to learn of the frequency with which what Wilcken calls Levi-Strauss's “hit-and-run tactics” would pay off, generating fresh perspectives (75).
Toward the Preclassics Era: A Perspective of the "First Classic": Guest Editor's Introduction

Contemporary scholarship, such as Professor Li Xueqin's work on the formative stage of the "first classic," helps us better understand not only "the first of all Chinese classics," but also the philosophical and cultural continuum between the Shang and Zhou dynasties. By reexamining several perplexing issues, going from the authenticity of the Guicang to the interpretation of "King Wen of Zhou developed the Zhouyi," I argue that archaeological evidence is of critical importance in the study of the preclassics era.
ASP.Net and Java Script Technologies Based on Oil and Gas Processing Station Early Quantitative Evaluation of System

Oil and natural gas company is installing the various stations of the early oil and gas processing system,an important part of insecurity as a whole up to the beginning of the processing system,so this article in accordance with actual production,combined with the risk of grade evaluation method,developed for oil and gas processing station early quantitative evaluation methods.And on this basis, the use of ASP.Net and Java script technologies to achieve the evaluation method of network-based has a certain practical significance.
Complete patent duplication of the urethra.

AbstractWe reviewed 16 patients with complete patent duplication of the urethra seen between 1945 and 1984. The clinical presentation, radiographic findings and management of each patient are presented.All 16 patients were symptomatic and a double stream was the most common complaint. An operation was necessary in 13 patients.Voiding cystourethrography and retrograde urethrography were necessary to define the anatomy completely and accurately in each patient. The ventral channel, regardless of the position of the meatus, invariably proved to be the more functional urethra.
A New Model to Study the Role of Arachidonic Acid in Colon Cancer Pathophysiology

A significant increase in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene expression has been shown to promote cylcooxygenase-dependent colon cancer development. Controversy associated with the role of COX2 inhibitors indicates that additional work is needed to elucidate the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) derived (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase) eicosanoids in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. We have recently developed a novel Fads1 knockout mouse model, which allows for the investigation of AA-dependent eicosanoid deficiency without the complication of essential fatty acid deficiency. Interestingly, the survival rate of Fads1 null mice is severely compromised after 2 months on a semi-purified AA-free diet, which precludes long-term chemoprevention studies. Therefore, in this study, dietary AA levels were titrated to determine the minimal level required for survival, while maintaining a distinct AA-deficient phenotype. Null mice supplemented with AA (0.1, 0.4, 0.6, 2.0%, w/w) in the diet exhibited a dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in AA, PGE2, 6-keto PGF1α, TXB2 and EdU-positive proliferative cells in the colon. In subsequent experiments, null mice supplemented with 0.6% AA diet were injected with a colon-specific carcinogen (azoxymethane) in order to assess cancer susceptibility. Null mice exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) reduced levels/multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as compared to wild type sibling littermate control mice. These data indicate that (i) basal/minimal dietary AA supplementation (0.6%) expands the utility of the Fads1 Null mouse model for long-term cancer prevention studies, and (ii) that AA content in the colonic epithelium modulates colon cancer risk.
A Glycolate Transporter in the Chloroplast Envelope

Glycolate, the substrate for photorespiration (Tolbert, 1981), is formed in the chloroplast stroma. Because glycolate is metabolized in other organelles, it must cross the chloroplast envelope. Although envelopes are permeable to glycolic acid (Howitz, McCarty, 1982), the rate of glycolate penetration at physiological pH values by simple diffusion of glycolic acid is much slower than that of photorespiration. More recently we detected an extremely rapid phase of glycolate uptake by chloroplasts (Howitz, McCarty, 1983). When glycolate uptake is measured within the first three seconds after addition of the glycolate, glycolate uptake rates saturate with respect to glycolate concentration and are inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and by structurally-related compounds. These results suggest that glycolate transport across the chloroplast envelope is a mediated process. In this report, we present some new data on glycolate transport.
Happiness and the Welfare State : decommodification and the political economy of subjective well-being

Do welfare states make people happy? In this chapter, we argue that the answer depends critically on how we conceptualize welfare states and the logics that underpin their presumed connection with well-being. In particular, we contend that understanding the relationship between welfare states and happiness requires that we distinguish between the “how much” protection welfare states offer and “what kind” of labor market opportunities they provide to go along with that protection. Welfare states are about more versus less protection, but they also are about whom they protect and in what way. This matters for happiness; more protection produces more happiness for those at risk, but having more flexible labor markets produces more happiness, too, even if a country's overall levels of protection are lower. To make our argument and organize the empirical analysis, we rely critically on two concepts. The first is that of decommodification, taken from Gosta Esping-Andersen's (1985) work. Decommodification means that people's access to basic resources needed to sustain their lives is protected from market risks to which they would be exposed if illness, old age, and unemployment would disrupt market-based resource flows. Decommodification supplies life satisfaction by granting peace of mind. The second concept is that of human capacities to choose one's own life and competently cope with challenges, which we take from Armatya Sen's (2011) The Idea of Justice. People's happiness depends on their capabilities and ability to make choices. This requires freedoms but also investments in their capabilities, skills, and competences. The experience of freedom and choice, particularly in labor markets, provides fulfillment that translates into life satisfaction. In this vein, a highly regulatory welfare state, conferring little freedom of choice on people, for example, in labor markets, may generate less life satisfaction than a freedom-inducing welfare state, even if decommodification is equally high. So instead of more decommodifying welfare states simply making all or most citizens a bit happier than less decommodifying ones, different kinds of welfare states also create distinct sets of more or less happy citizens across countries.