cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disabled-2 (Dab2) Is Required for Transforming Growth Factor β-induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) *

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) induces an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) during both physiological and pathological processes; however, the mechanism underlying this transition is not fully elucidated. Here, we have demonstrated that TGFβ induces the expression of the adaptor molecule disabled-2 (Dab2) concomitant with the promotion of EMT. We show that TGFβ induces a transient accumulation of Dab2 to the membrane and increases Dab2 binding to β1 integrin. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of Dab2 expression in mouse mammary gland epithelial cells results in inhibition of integrin activation, shown by a decrease of both TGFβ-induced focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and cellular adherence, leading to apoptosis and inhibition of EMT. Forced re-expression of human Dab2, not targeted by the mouse siRNA sequence, rescues cells from apoptosis and restores TGFβ-mediated integrin activation and EMT. These results are confirmed in the F9 teratocarcinoma cell line, a model for retinoic acid-induced visceral endoderm differentiation in which we demonstrate that ablation of retinoic acid-induced Dab2 expression levels, by stable siRNA silencing of Dab2, blocks visceral endoderm differentiation. Our findings indicate that Dab2 plays an important regulatory role during cellular differentiation and that induction of differentiation in the absence of Dab2 expression commits the cell to apoptosis.
Effect of Paste-to-Voids Volume Ratio on the Performance of Concrete Mixtures

The purpose of this study is to investigate the minimum paste volume required with an appropriate water-to-cementitious ratio (w/cm) to achieve required workability, strength, and durability requirements of concrete mixtures for pavements. In this experimental program, 64 concrete mixtures with varying w/cm, cementitious content, and binder type were prepared and tested. The fine aggregate-to-total aggregate ratio was held constant for all the mixtures. Fresh and hardened concrete properties of the mixtures were determined at various ages. Test results have shown that approximately 1.5 times more paste by volume is required than voids between the aggregates to achieve a minimum performance in concrete for pavements. For a given w/cm, strength is independent of cementitious content after a critical value is provided. When w/cm is constant, increasing paste content increased chloride penetrability and air permeability.
Measuring the volume fraction of bone ingrowth : a comparison of three techniques

The need for quick, accurate, and reproducible methods to measure the amount of bone within porous metals has increased as the use of these materials has become more common within orthopedics. The purpose of this paper is to compare measurements of bone ingrowth using microradiography, stained histology, and backscattered electron imaging-scanning electron microscopy (BEI-SEM) in cementless, porous-coated acetabular components retrieved from human patients. BEI-SEM of bone ingrowth into porous metal provided excellent images for quantitative analysis. The stained sections and BEI-SEM images provided very comparable results, while microradiography consistently underestimated the porosity of the porous coating and overestimated the amount of bone ingrowth.
Isolation of rpoB mutations causing rifampicin resistance in Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to simulated Martian surface conditions.

Abstract Bacterial spores are considered prime candidates for Earth-to-Mars transport by natural processes and human spaceflight activities. Previous studies have shown that exposure of Bacillus su...
SOLUBLE ANTIGENS FROM RAT LIVER CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

SummaryThe work described here has revealed the presence of a large number of antigenic components in a soluble fraction obtained from an originally insoluble residue of rat liver. The major source of these antigens appears to be the liver connective tissue. The material used for their preparation was an extensively washed insoluble residue of rat liver, morphologically appearing as bundles of fibers, with no cells present. The antigens were absent from the rat plasma. One of them (No. 3) was not found in the supernate of the liver homogenate, the others were found there in much smaller concentrations. Both the original antiserum prepared against liver sediment and a purified antibody fraction derived from it reacted only with the connective tissue elements of the liver and kidney. The presence of some of these antigens in both liver and kidney indicates that they are probably widespread constituents of the connective tissue and are not specific for the liver. The use of sonic vibration for solubilizing c...
Light induced further agglomeration of metal particles

Yi Zhang and Claire Gu Department of Electrical Engineering, Univer sity of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 Phone: (831) 459-4716 Fax: (831) 459-4829 claire@ee.ucsc.edu Adam M. Schwartzberg, Shaowei Chen and Jin Z. Zhang Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 ABSTRACT
INDO-MO study of δ-CH acetyl-proton couplings in aliphatic α-acetoxy radicals

Recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated a successful technique for determining preferred conformations in simple aliphatic α- and β-formyloxy radicals, ·C(X1)(X2)OCHO and ·C(X1)(X2)C(X3)(X4)OCHO, respectively, using the results of extensive INDO-MO calculations and liquid-phase, experimental measurements of EPR long-range formyl-proton couplings in these species. The present paper extends this type of study by way of an INDO investigation of a series of α-acetoxy radicals, namely, ·CH2OC(O)CH3, ·CH(CH3)OC(O)CH3, ·CH(CH2CH3)OC(O)CH3, ·CH(CH(CH3)2)-OC(O)CH3, · CH(CH2OH)OC(O)CH3, s· CH(CH2NH2)OC(O)CH3, and · C(CH3)2OC(O)-CH3, for which experimentally determined EPR coupling-constant data are available, and confirms that the δ-CH acetyl-proton couplings observed experimentally can be sensitive probes of radical stereochemistry. Specifically, this present study predicts and verifies that, for these radicals, the variations in the size of the experimentally determined δ-CH acetyl-proton coupling found to result from alterations in the nature of the substitution at the radical center arise from the accompanying changes in radical conformation. Furthermore, the preferred conformations of these a-acetoxy radicals found in this INDO investigation are in general agreement with similarly determined conformations for structurally analogous · C(X1)(X2)OCHO radicals.
Developing Communities of Leaders: Outcomes of a Statewide Initiative

Community leadership programs are the most common approach to leadership development in the United States and traditionally emphasize community education and professional networking. Directors and ...
Western Impact on East Sumatra and North Tapanuli: The Roles of the Planter and the Missionary

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, East Sumatra and Tapanuli (except for a small number of Indian-Ocean settlements and trading posts in the latter) were completely outside of the political sphere of interest of European powers. The Treaty of London of 1824, how ever, delineated Malaya as a British sphere of interest and Sumatra as a Dutch sphere. But it was nearly another forty years before the Dutch turned their attention to East Sumatra and North Tapanuli. In the forward movement which then began, planters and Christian missionaries played highly significant and critical roles; in the pioneer decades they were actually either ahead of the flag or were overshadowing the colonial government officials.
Desensitization of serotonin-stimulated adenylate cyclase in the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica

Incubation of the intact liver fluke Fasciola hepatica with serotonin (5-HT) resulted in a time-dependent decrease in both 5-HT-stimulated adenylated cyclase activity and specific [3H]LSD binding in the subsequently prepared cell-free fluke particles. In control fluke particles, the activation of adenylate cyclase by 5-HT was biphasic, indicating a high and low affinity form of the 5-HT receptor with half-maximal activation constants (KA) of 0.35 and 2.8 microM respectively. In contrast, 5-HT activation of desensitized particles occurred through a single set of low affinity sites having a KA value of 6.3 microM. The maximal level of 5-HT activation of adenylate cyclase was also reduced in the desensitized particles. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was also less in the desensitized particles. However, unlike with 5-HT, activation by LSD occurred through a single set of sites for both control and desensitized particles. [3H]LSD binding studies showed that the affinity of LSD for the 5-HT receptors in the control and desensitized particles was similar. Thus, the decrease in [3H]LSD binding and serotonin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the desensitized particles appeared to be due to a preferential loss or inactivation of the high affinity form of the 5-HT receptor. A similar time-dependent loss in 5-HT-stimulated adenylate cyclase and in [3H]LSD binding occurred in cell-free fluke particles upon the addition of 5-HT or LSD. These effects were not due to protein denaturation or metabolism of the ligand during the incubation procedure. This cell-free desensitization was reversible and temperature dependent, and was not affected by ATP or other nucleotides.
A Randomized Trial of Conjunctival Autografting for Pterygium in the Tropics

This is the first report of a randomized trial of the conjunctival autografting technique for pterygium removal. This trial was conducted in the Caribbean where risk of pterygium recurrence is considered to be high. Although not statistically significant, there was a lower recurrence rate in grafted cases (21% of 19 cases) than in controls done by the bare sclera technique (37% of 16 cases). The author found that age of the patient was strongly associated with recurrence regardless of which procedure was used. Findings of this study emphasize the importance of randomized controlled trials in assessing the efficacy of specific procedures for pterygium removal.
Design considerations for the X-ray lithography station at the Stanford synchrotron radiation laboratory☆

Abstract An in-vacuum lithography system is under development on beam line III-3 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). The beam line accepts 0.6 mrad of radiation from a bending magnet of the SPEAR storage ring and provides a beam of about 2 × 8 mm2 at the exposure station. Facilities for exposing photoresist with either filtered or monochromatic radiation are being developed in an effort to characterize the spectral sensitivity of state of the art photoresists. Design details and initial results are presented, in which submicron features were printed on silicon wafers using boron nitride supported gold absorber masks.
Autonomous deployment of the UAVSAR radar instrument

The UAVSAR program was formed to provide repeat pass radar interferometry on an uninhabited aircraft platform.12 The UAVSAR imaging radar system is housed in an external unpressurized pod that may be attached to an Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV), although initial flight tests were performed aboard a Gulfstream-III aircraft with flight test personnel on-board. Since the radar science missions are to be eventually flown without an on-board operator, all data collection must be performed autonomously from take-off to landing.
Marketing the Medieval: The Quest for Authentic History in Michael Crichton's Timeline

Dans Timeline, M. Crichton decrit quatre chercheurs medievistes pieges dans le 14 eme siecle ; typique des intrigues de Crichton, Timeline pose de nouvelles interrogations. L'A. explore la preoccupation du roman avec la connaissance historique, la relation d'une telle connaissance avec des produits de consommation, et sa relation avec l'idee d'authenticite. Il centre sa discussion autour du concept d'authenticite parce qu'il est au coeur des interrogations de Crichton sur le travail universitaire. Les medievistes qui voyagent dans le passe adherent a l'idee d'un monde medieval authentique, et en meme temps leur presence dans ce monde remet en cause la notion que l'on puisse acceder a l'authenticite. Les references frequentes de Crichton a l'authenticite eclairent les points suivants : 1. les produits de l'histoire et de la recherche historique sont facilement commercialisables ; 2. la consommation de ces produits, sous la forme d'artefacts historiques, est motivee par un desir d'authenticite ; 3. le roman soutient que le processus qui definit quelque chose comme authentique est arbitraire. Finalement, une chose authentique est le produit de negociations constantes entre differents pouvoirs et forces de marche.
Increase in airway neutrophils after oral but not inhaled corticosteroid therapy in mild asthma.

Summary Background : Neutrophils, in addition to eosinophils, are prominent in the airways of patients with severe asthma who are usually on long-term oral and inhaled corticosteroid treatment. We determined whether inhaled or oral corticosteroid therapy can induce airway neutrophilia. Methods : We performed two separate placebo-controlled studies in which patients with mild asthma were treated with either prednisolone (30mg per day for 7 days; n = 9 ) or placebo tablets ( n = 8 ), or with either inhaled budesonide (800μg twice daily for 4 weeks; n = 6 ) or inhaled placebo ( n = 6 ). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed before treatment and at day 7 of oral treatment, and at day 28 of inhaled therapy. Bronchial sections were immunostained with an antibody to major basic protein for eosinophils, and with an antibody to neutrophil elastase for neutrophils. Induced sputum was obtained in the prednisolone study. Results : Neutrophils in airway submucosa increased after prednisolone from median 76 to 140/mm 2 ( P = 0.05 ); this change was higher than that after placebo ( P = 0.04 ). Eosinophils decreased from 24 to 9/mm 2 ( P = 0.03 ), but this was not significantly different from placebo. Eosinophils and neutrophils, and levels of IL-8 and myeloperoxidase in induced sputum did not change after prednisolone. There was no change in neutrophil counts after budesonide, but the reduction in eosinophils was greater than placebo ( P = 0.05 ). Budesonide improved bronchial responsiveness, but prednisolone did not. Conclusion : Corticosteroid therapy by the oral but not inhaled route can induce neutrophil recruitment into the airways of patients with mild asthma. This could explain the increase in airway neutrophils observed in severe asthmatics treated with oral corticosteroids.
Biomass layering and metabolism in mats of the macroalgaUlva lactuca L.

Studies of photosynthesis and respiration in the sheet-like green macroalgaUlva lactuca L. have typically made use of cut discs or individual thalli. Because this species accumulates in layered mats in the field, its structure has the potential to significantly alter metabolic rates compared to those measured for a single layer. The effect of biomass layering on photosynthesis and respiration inU. lactuca was assessed by incubating stacks of 1, 2, 4, and 8 thalli across a range of surface irradiance and in the dark. The photosynthesis-irradiance curve for a single thallus was hyperbolic in shape with maximum photosynthetic rates of 16–24.5 mg O2 g−1 dry weight h−1, a photosynthetic efficiency of 0.18 mg O2 g−1 dry weight h−1 (μE m−2 s−1)−1, and dark respiration rates of 0.95–1.2 mg O2 g−1 dry weight h−1. Weight-specific photosynthesis and respiration rates decreased as the amount of layering increased, with rates approximately twice as high in a single layer as for 8 layers. A simple model revealed that the reduced photosynthetic rates were due to attenuation of light through the stack. Each layer ofUlva reduced the light available to the next layer by approximately 55%, and variability in this absorption was directly related to thallus chlorophyll content. Model runs suggested that acclimation of the thalli by changes in chlorophyll content has the potential to reduce some, but not all of the effect of layering. Reduced respiration rates were atributed to the depletion of oxygen from the interstices between the layers. Results were incorporated into a model of anUlva mat, which predicted decreasing rates of weight-specific total mat production with increasing mat thickness as additional layers are added to the bottom of the mat that neither produce nor consume significant amounts of oxygen. The model predicted area-weighted mat production to increase up to a thickness of 10 layers, after which the rate was constant with increasing mat thickness for the same reason. SinceUlva has a tendency to accumulate in layers under natural conditions, these results improve upon metabolic measurements made with single thalli and will be useful for calculations of macroalgal production as well as in ecosystem models in whichUlva is an important primary producer.
A Gender Lens on Religion

This special issue is the result of concerns about the marginalized status of gender within the sociology of religion. The collection of exciting new research in this special issue advocates for the importance of a gender lens on questions of religion in order to highlight issues, practices, peoples, and theories that would otherwise not be central to the discipline. We encourage sociologists who study religion to engage more in interdisciplinary and intersectional scholarship, acknowledge developments in the global South, and develop more compelling theoretical frameworks that analyze religion from a gendered perspective. Our aim is to bring religion to the attention of gender and feminist scholars and to encourage religion scholars to consider gender not just as a variable but as a social structure. We hope that both groups of scholars will consider gender and religion as mutually constitutive social categories.
Prognostic value of cardiac imaging in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease: Comparison of myocardial perfusion imaging, stress echocardiography, and positron émission tomography

Prior studies have suggested that, compared with angiographic, exercise electrocardiographic, and clinical data in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), the data provided by exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy are the best predictor of cardiac events. The most consistent finding is that the presence and extent of jeopardized viable myocardium, manifest by transient thallium-201 defects, predicts cardiac events. In addition, a normal thallium-201 scan reliably predicts an annual event rate for cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction of incremental prognostic value of transient thallium-201 defects is statistically significant and nearly double that of clinical data and stress electrocardiography combined, and, importantly, not significantly different from that obtained by adding angiographic data. These results appear to hold for the newer, technetium-99m-based perfusion agents such as sestamibi, for which sensitivity and specificity for detecting CAD are comparable. Stress echocardiography, which depends on development of a secondary phenomenon (abnormal wall motion), appears to be less sensitive for the detection of CAD than myocardial perfusion imaging (which can detect the primary insult, hypoperfusion); stress echocardiography is also less sensitive for detection of jeopardized viable myocardium. Because of its lower sensitivity for detecting jeopardized viable myocardium, stress echocardiography may underestimate the risk of cardiac events, especially in patients with known CAD. Thus it may not reliably identify a low-risk group, especially in patients with known CAD. A final modality, positron emission tomography (PEp, with its high sensitivity for CAD and ability to distinguish viable from nonviable myocardium, may be an important predictor of cardiac events, although additional data are required to evaluate this potential.
Improving molecular cancer class discovery through sparse non-negative matrix factorization

Motivation: Identifying different cancer classes or subclasses with similar morphological appearances presents a challenging problem and has important implication in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Clustering based on gene-expression data has been shown to be a powerful method in cancer class discovery. Non-negative matrix factorization is one such method and was shown to be advantageous over other clustering techniques, such as hierarchical clustering or self-organizing maps. In this paper, we investigate the benefit of explicitly enforcing sparseness in the factorization process. Results: We report an improved unsupervised method for cancer classification by the use of gene-expression profile via sparse non-negative matrix factorization. We demonstrate the improvement by direct comparison with classic non-negative matrix factorization on the three well-studied datasets. In addition, we illustrate how to identify a small subset of co-expressed genes that may be directly involved in cancer. Contact:g1m1c1@receptor.med.harvard.edu, ygao@receptor.med.harvard.edu Supplementary information: http://arep.med.harvard.edu/snmf/supplement.htm
Distributed control of spacecraft formation via cyclic pursuit: Theory and experiments

In this paper we study distributed control policies for spacecraft formations that draw inspiration from the simple idea of cyclic pursuit. First, we extend existing cyclic-pursuit control laws devised for single-integrator models in two dimensions to the case of double-integrator models in three dimensions. In particular, we develop control laws that only require relative measurements of position and velocity with respect to the two leading neighbors in the ring topology of cyclic pursuit, and allow the spacecraft to converge to a variety of symmetric formations, including evenly spaced circular formations and evenly spaced Archimedes' spirals. Second, we discuss potential applications, including spacecraft coordination for interferometric imaging and convergence to zero-effort orbits. Finally, we present and discuss experimental results obtained by implementing the aforementioned control laws on three nanospacecraft on board the International Space Station.
ENFORCING ALCOHOL POLICIES ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES: REPORTS FROM COLLEGE ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS*

We assessed alcohol enforcement practices at 343 U.S. colleges via surveys of directors of campus law enforcement. We measured types and frequency of enforcement and barriers to enforcement. We found that 61% of colleges indicated nearly always proactively enforcing alcohol policies, with most frequent enforcement at intercollegiate sporting events and least frequent enforcement at fraternity/sorority events. Approximately half of the enforcement departments work closely with their local law enforcement agency but respondents indicated a greater need for cooperation with local law enforcement. Half of the respondents reported no barriers to alcohol enforcement on campus. Large colleges and public colleges tended to report greater enforcement levels. While many campuses report proactive alcohol enforcement, several areas of improvement in alcohol enforcement at colleges are indicated.
Periphyton nutrient status in a temperate stream with mixed land-uses : implications for watershed nitrogen storage

We sampled periphyton communities in a highly productive stream to characterize how longitudinal changes in watershed geology and land use affect periphyton nutrient status and elemental composition. Nutrient status was evaluated from measures of periphyton nutrient composition (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), stable isotope signatures (δ15N and δ13C), and the response of periphyton to experimental enrichment with nitrogen. Biomass and nutrient content increased dramatically from the headwaters to downstream, while tissue nutrient ratios (C:P and C:N) were more consistent and did not indicate strong N- or P-limitation. Nitrogen enrichment experiments did not exhibit a consistent response upstream or downstream, and periphyton C:N:P stoichiometry showed no significant response to N-enrichment. Absolute densities of periphyton N were 5- to 90-fold greater than the overlying N concentrations in stream water (159- to 353-fold greater for P), and the δ15N signal indicates downstream enrichment from likely watershed sources (urban and agriculture land-use). These results suggest that periphyton in Spring Creek are not N-limited and store large quantities of both N and P, which in turn can be transported downstream during high flow events.
Accuracy of Blood Pressure Measurement in the Family Practice Center

Background: Equipment, physiologic, and technique factors can influence the accuracy of blood pressure measurement. The current study was designed to isolate certain technique factors and then assess the accu­ racy of nursing personnel measurements of blood pressure in three residency family practice centers. Methods: An experienced registered nurse was trained in applying the American Heart Association recom­ mendations for determining blood pressure by sphygmomanometry; three 1.5-hour practice sessions demonstrated her accuracy. Nine full days were then spent in the family practice centers rechecking as many staff blood pressure readings as possible while controlling for confounding variables. Results: The following findings were significant: (1) the average absolute differences between control and study nurse systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were 6.2 mmHg and 4.7 mmHg, respectively; (2) a unidirectional error of 3.8 mmHg in the measurement of diastolic blood pressure was found in one center, possibly because less care was taken with afternoon measurements; (3) variability in systolic blood pressure readings was higher in all three centers (± 8.5 mmHg) than attained during the training sessions for the control nurse (± 5.8 mmHg); (4) the average errors attributable to technique factors studied that were potentially correctable by training were only 1.8 mmHg for systolic and 0.7 mmHg for diastolic pressures. Conclusions: The degree of inaccuracy in ambulatory nursing blood pressure readings attributable to errors in technique is quantified by this study. Training can reduce, but not abolish, this inaccuracy. Careful attention to proper blood pressure measurement technique and such variables as equipment calibration is essential for both nursing and physician observers. Taking multiple blood pressure measurements before making clinical decisions can limit the effect of these inaccuracies. (J Am Board Fam Pract 1998;11:252-8.)
On silico peptide microarrays for high-resolution mapping of antibody epitopes and diverse protein-protein interactions

We developed a new, silicon-based peptide array for a broad range of biological applications, including potential development as a real-time point-of-care platform. We used photolithography on silicon wafers to synthesize microarrays (Intel arrays) that contained every possible overlapping peptide within a linear protein sequence covering the N-terminal tail of human histone H2B. These arrays also included peptides with acetylated and methylated lysine residues, reflecting post-translational modifications of H2B. We defined minimum binding epitopes for commercial antibodies recognizing the modified and unmodified H2B peptides. We further found that this platform is suitable for the highly sensitive characterization of methyltransferases and kinase substrates. The Intel arrays also revealed specific H2B epitopes that are recognized by autoantibodies in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus who have elevated disease severity. By combining emerging nonfluorescence-based detection methods with an underlying integrated circuit, we are now poised to create a truly transformative proteomics platform with applications in bioscience, drug development and clinical diagnostics.
Spatial and temporal variation in the abundance, distribution and population structure of epibenthic megafauna in Port Foster, Deception Island

Abundance and spatial distribution of epibenthic megafauna were examined at Port Foster, Deception Island, five times between March 1999 and November 2000. Camera sled surveys and bottom trawls were used to identify and collect specimens, and camera sled photographs also were used to determine abundances and spatial distributions for each species. The ophiuroid Ophionotus victoriae, the regular echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri, and one or more species of Porifera were the most abundant taxa during this sampling period. Abundances of O. victoriae varied throughout the annual cycle, peaking in June 2000, and were correlated positively with sedimentation rates. In contrast, abundances of S. neumayeri were consistent throughout the sampling period, except for a peak in June 2000, during austral winter. Peak abundances for both species coincided with a large number of small individuals, indicating apparent recruitment events for O. victoriae and S. neumayeri during this time period. Poriferans, as a group, had statistically similar abundances during each sampling period. Low-abundance species tended to be aggregated on both small and large spatial scales, their distributions probably influenced by reproductive method, gregarious settlement, and food availability. The spatial distribution of S. neumayeri in June 2000 and O. victoriae was random across multiple spatial scales, perhaps in response to food availability and broad environmental tolerances, respectively.
Hobbesian and Rousseauian Identities The Psychodynamics of Organizational Leadership and Change

The primary argument in this article is that the ability of any public organization to withstand the storms of political pressure and change stems from the character of leader-follower relations. Ultimately, the personal, political, and ethical integrity of public administrators depends on the degree of organizational resilience of public agencies. This resilience relies on the effective leadership of change. To enhance and clarify this perspective, the author uses Hobbesian and Rousseauian political theory as metaphors of organizational experience. From a psychodynamic perspective, this article attempts to explore more deeply the private world of public administrators undergoing organizational change.
Sonographic Anatomy of the Gastrohepatic Ligament

The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate anatomic and pathologic features of the gas-trohepatic ligament (GHL) and to show its usefulness for precise localization of abnormalities, particu-larly in relation to the lesser peritoneal cavity and diseases occurring within the confines of the ligamentitself.
The Carnegie Uaxactun Project and the Development of Maya Archaeology

The Carnegie Institution of Washington's 1924–1937. Uaxactun Project, one of the first large-scale excavations in the Maya area, established the role of dirt archaeology in Maya studies. The archaeologists who worked on this pioneering project developed many field methods and approaches that remain in use today. A review of the project and of the careers of its participants shows the critical role the Carnegie Uaxactun Project has played in the history of Maya archaeology.
Timing error prevention using elastic clocking

“Safety margin” for a logic circuit introduces a performance overhead. But eliminating safety margin makes a system more prone to timing failure, particularly under dynamic operating variations. This paper presents dynamic timing control technique that allows a system to operate without any safety margin. The dynamic control method prevents timing errors utilizing time borrowing and elastic clocking. Time borrowing allows a pipeline to compensate the timing slack by borrowing time from the next pipeline stage and clock stretching pays back the borrowed time to the next pipeline stage. Thus, a system employing such dynamic timing control technique can prevent errors with a small performance penalty and eventually operate without safety margin. The net effect is better power-performance trade-off under voltage scaling i.e. lower power consumption for a target frequency or higher operating frequency for a target power. The proposed technique was validated using a prototype test-chip designed in 180-nm CMOS technology.
Further Studies on the Effect of Dried Cow Manure on the Domestic Fowl

Abstract CONFLICTING reports exist concerning the ability of the mature chicken to lay eggs when fed rations containing 8 percent or more dried cow manure. Whitson et al. (1946) reported that the inclusion of 8 percent oven-dried cow manure of high androgenic potency in an all-mash ration depressed egg production significantly. On the other hand, Palafox and Rosenberg (1951) found that air-dried cow manure, when fed at 10 and 15 percent of total ration, satisfactorily supported egg production, as well as egg weight and hatchability. They discussed the possibility that their sample of cow manure did not contain a high androgenic potency, and/or that a correction for total crude protein by means of additional herring meal may have enabled the experimental birds to lay in spite of the hormone(s). To elucidate this problem, a study was initiated to assay biologically for androgenic potency and compare Hawaii air-dried and oven-dried cow manures . . .
NMP22 is a sensitive, cost-effective test in patients at risk for bladder cancer

AbstractPurpose: The early diagnosis of bladder cancer is central to its effective treatment. This study was designed to determine the clinical use of NMP22 [dagger] as a urinary marker for the early detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients with hematuria or other indications at risk for malignancy. The sensitivity and specificity of the NMP22 test were compared with urinary cytology, and the results of both tests were then compared to cystoscopic findings. We also determined if NMP22 provided a cost advantage over our current modalities in our patient population.Materials and Methods: Each patient submitted a single voided urine which was divided in 2 parts, of which 1 was stabilized with the NMP22 urine collection kit and 1 was preserved in the appropriate cytology medium for cytopathological testing. All patients provided the urine samples before cystoscopic examination. Of the 330 patients 114 (34.5%) presented with microscopic hematuria and 66 (20.4%) with gross hematuria. ...
Many variations on a few themes: a broader look at development of iridescent scales (and feathers)

Iridescent structures are some of the most visually stunning phenomena in biological organisms. Insects and birds have in common the display of such colours in their non-living investiture, the scales and bristles in insects and the feathers in birds. The biological mechanisms underlying the formation of these structures, at least in insects, appear quite conservative in that the same architect, the eukaryotic cell, can produce not only the iridescent structure but, with some tweaking of the genome, other structures as well, a fact that may be of particular interest to materials scientists and industrial parties seeking to biomimic these forms. Here, we review two examples, one on the cellular and the other on the subcellular level of this developmental flexibility in insects. We then go on to review what is known about iridescent feather development in birds. We suggest that, in view of the increasing evidence that genes and pathways are conserved among taxa, the work on insects may perhaps suggest perspectives or directions of potential use in the study of birds.
Fast Quadratic Discriminant Analysis Using GPGPU for Sea Ice Forecasting

General Purpose computing on Graphics Processor Units (GPGPU) brings massively parallel computing (hundreds of compute cores) to the desktop at a reasonable cost, but requires that algorithms be carefully designed to take advantage of this power. The present work explores the possibilities of CUDA (NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture) using GPGPU for Quadratic Discriminant (QD) analysis. QD analysis is a form of multivariate statistical analysis that can be applied to forecasting seasonal sea ice freeze-up and break-up. The forecast problem is formulated as a classification problem, with two classes (e.g., "ice" and "no ice") and the objective of the analysis is to decide which of the classes best describes the ice/no ice condition at a particular geographic point on a specified date. We have conducted experiments to measure the performance of the GPU with respect to the serial CPU, parallel CPU (OpenMP), MATLAB, MATLAB (Parallel for) implementations. The experiments consist of implementing a serial CPU, parallel CPU (OpenMP), MATLAB, MATLAB (Parallel for) and GPU versions of the QD analysis algorithm and executing all versions on several data sets to compare the performance. Our results show speed up of up to 426 times, reducing the elapsed time from over 15 hours to about 2 minutes.
Ethylene as an Indicator and Regulator in the Development of Field Crops

Ethylene was used to “degreen” citrus in 1924 [1, 19], but it did not become a major plant growth regulator until the discovery of ethephon during the 1960s [6]. New, major trends are occurring in the use of ethylene as a developmental regulator.
"The parks are being loved to death" and other frauds and deceits in recreation management.

Many common concepts in recreation and leisure research originate from the “interests” of four groups: users, legislators, managing agencies, and researchers. These interests, and their ties to soc...
Rigorist cosmopolitanism A Kantian alternative to Pogge

What counts as global ‘harm’? This article explores this question through critical engagement with Thomas Pogge’s conception of negative duties not to harm. My purpose here is to show that while Po...
Trial consultation: Why licensure is not necessary

Behavioral science trial consultants in the last two decades have progressively become de rigueur for the modern trial advocate. The two leading professions represented in trial consulting are psychology and communications, although many consultants have no relevant professional training. Jury simulations and jury selection are the principal services provided, and few consultants have had any education in either. While consultants are helpful, their influence is exaggerated by their own self serving claims, as well as by a general misunderstanding of what social science training consists of and is capable of preparing one to do in realistic trial circumstances. Concern about consultant manipulation is misplaced. Caveat emptor, not restriction of trade-motivated licensure, is recommended.
A new species and new records of Mackiena (Acarina, Trombiculidae).

Mackiena (Tinpinna) migratoria n. sp. is described from material collected from Alcedo althis and Riparia riparia in South Korea and United States, respectively. Mackiena (Mackiena) todai is recorded from Taiwan for the first time.
Research of analysis method for storage life of SRM

Life of SRM after delivery is divided into three stages of warehouse storage,transport and deployment.A calculate method of damage cumulating coefficient was developed for SRM after warehouse storage for some years,long-distance transport and deployment for some years.The method can be used to estimate the storage life of SRM effectively.And a method of extending life of SRM was put forward.
Nine-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration in the Barbados Eye Studies

Objective: To provide 9-year incidence estimates of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a population of African descent. Design: Population-based cohort study. Participants: Two thousand seven hundred ninety-three participants (81%of eligible) after 9 years'follow-up. Main Outcome Measures: Nine-year incidence of AMD-related features, based on fundus photographic gradings and/or clinical examinations. Results: The overall incidence rate of early AMD was 12.6%(95%confidence interval CI , 11.0%-14.1%), and that of late AMD was 0.7%(95%CI, 0.4%-1.1%). Both increased with age (P0.05). For early AMD, incidence ranged from 10.7%at 40 to 49 years of age to 16.8%at ≥70 years. For late AMD, incidence increased from 0.1%to 2.3%in the same age groups. Late AMD was more likely to develop in eyes with pigment changes (risk ratio RR , 5.8; 95%CI, 2.0-16.8) and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy (RR, 5.4; 95%CI, 1.9-15.8) at baseline. Crude RRs indicated significant associations of late AMD to elevated systolic blood pressure and diabetes history, but only the diabetes relationship was suggested after adjusting for age, with borderline statistical significance (age-adjusted RR, 2.7; P=0.054). Conclusions: Nine-year data on natural history indicate that early AMD is common in this population of African origin, although late AMD is infrequent. These long-term observations provide further evidence for the lower AMD risk in black populations comparedwith white populations.
Perceptions of a campus-wide condom distribution programme: An exploratory study.

Objective:Condom distribution programmes are an important means of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs); yet little research has examined their perceived and actual impact on college campuses.Design:Quantitative, cross-sectional study.Setting:Large public university in the Southeastern USA.Method:Approximately 2 months after a campus-wide condom distribution programme began, we utilised intercept surveys with 355 students (68% women; 43% racial/ethnic minorities) to examine their perceptions of the availability, accessibility and acceptability of condoms, and their perceptions and use of the newly installed condom dispensers.Results:Students perceived condoms to be available and accessible on campus after implementation of the condom dispensers. Students had heard about the dispensers from other people (36%), through social media (18%) and the campus newspaper (15%). Most students (71%) had seen the dispensers. Almost one in four students (23%) had taken a condom from the dispensers; among th...
Mummified trophy heads from Peru: diagnostic features and medicolegal significance.

Several forms of mummified human trophy heads were produced by prehistoric and historic native groups in South America. This paper describes the diagnostic features of trophy heads produced by the Nasca culture of ancient Peru. A growing interest in these mummified heads among collectors of Pre-Columbian art and antiquities has led to their illegal exportation from Peru, in violation of national and international antiquities laws. Requests from the Peruvian government to protect its cultural patrimony led the United States in 1997 to declare these heads as items subject to U.S. import restriction, along with six other categories of human remains. Despite such restrictions, Nasca trophy heads continue to reach private collectors outside of Peru and thus may be encountered by local, state, or federal law enforcement officials unfamiliar with their characteristic features and origin. The objective of this paper is to describe the features that allow Nasca trophy heads to be identified and distinguished from other archaeological and forensic specimens that may be submitted to a forensic anthropologist for identification.
Renal Artery Occlusive Disease

Renal artery occlusive disease, from either atherosclerosis or fibrous dysplasia, may cause hypertension or renal insufficiency. Hypertension results from increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. There are several ways to evaluate this system as well as several pharmacologic agents that will intervene and modulate the hypertension that results. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or surgical revascularization will be necessary in some patients to control blood pressure or improve renal function. Successful evaluation and treatment of these patients are based on clinical experience, an understanding of the natural history of the various disease processes involved, and a comprehensive team approach.
The Self-System of a Struggling College Reader: "I Just Figured Somewhere along the Line I Was Gonna Fail".

This qualitative study aims at explaining reading beliefs and behaviors of college students taking a developmental reading course through analyzing components of the students’ self-systems. A student’s self-system is comprised of many different factors that may or may not develop in tandem through experiences in and out of school (Borkowski, Carr, Rellinger, & Pressley (1990). These factors include: self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, achievement, motivation, and attributional beliefs of learning. Unfortunately not all students’ self-systems develop appropriately. Schraw and Bruning (1999) claim that as the self-system weakens, a student’s ability to engage in deeper processing of a text also diminishes. I used the self-system framework to understand my students’ learning and reading beliefs and behaviors.
Infant sleep architecture during bedsharing and possible implications for SIDS

Arousal is an important protective response during sleep, and arousal deficit is hypothesized to play a role in the etiology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Because environmental or caretaking factors have been shown to exert powerful effects on susceptibility to SIDS, manipulations that facilitate arousability might be protective against SIDS. All-night laboratory polysomnographic recordings were performed in 20 routinely bedsharing and 15 routinely solitary sleeping healthy breast-feeding Latino infants within the peak age range for SIDS, in both bedsharing (with mother) and solitary sleeping environments. The most important findings revealed by repeated measures analyses of variance were a significant reduction in stage 3/4 sleep and an inverse increase in stage 1/2 sleep on the bedsharing night compared to the solitary night, irrespective of routine sleeping arrangement. Shorter mean duration episodes of stage 3/4 sleep and longer mean stage 1/2 sleep episodes accounted for these differences. Because the arousal threshold is high in the electroencephalographic delta range, by limiting the amount of stage 3/4 sleep, bedsharing should promote infant arousability and might be protective against SIDS. The results also suggest that accepted normative values for infant sleep established in solitary sleeping infants may not be representative of infants raised in social sleeping environments.
Spread spectrum indoor video transmission

Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) radios offer several advantages for indoor personal communications. Principal advantages are protection from multipath fading, security and multiple access capability. Though when faced with the need to send high speed, high integrity data over a corrupted channel, a combination of several digital radio techniques is required to provide a robust communication link. Key concepts of the system are the use of DSSS, video compression, and forward error correction. Also of interest is the use of custom monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) for 3.3 GHz implementation, supported by ASICs and EPLD interface circuits. >
CME Analysis: A New Method for Unraveling Aliased Effects in Two-Level Fractional Factorial Experiments

Ever since the founding work by Finney (1945), it has been widely known and accepted that aliased effects in two-level regular designs cannot be “de- aliased” without adding more runs. A result by Wu in his 2011 Fisher Lecture showed that aliased effect..
Acute Management of Hand Burns.

The hand is extremely susceptible to burn injuries, and hand burns can occur in up to 90% of all major burns. A thorough neurovascular examination of the hand should be performed in the acute setting. Escharotomies are required in patients with full-thickness or circumferential burns, when perfusion of the upper extremity is compromised. The decision for excision and grafting is based on whether the wound will heal in the first 2 to 3 weeks after the burn injury. Acute care and resuscitation are always importance in this patient population; subsequent care leads to optimal hand functionality and cosmetic long-term outcomes.
Autoequivalences of Tensor Categories Attached to Quantum Groups at Roots of 1

We compute the group of braided tensor autoequivalences and the Brauer- Picard group of the representation category of the small quantumgroup uq(g), where q is a root of unity.