cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Relationship Between Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Neuronal Response to Alcohol Cues

Background: Depressive and anxiety symptoms tend to co-occur with heavy drinking. Specifically, their presence may exacerbate the severity and intractability of heavy drinking. Similarly, heavy drinking may increase the risk for and experience of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Although depressive and anxiety symptoms have been significantly correlated with alcohol craving in cue-exposure paradigms, physiological responses have not always mapped onto emotional responses. Therefore, this study sought to examine the role of depressive and anxiety symptoms using a more basic science approach, through examining functional brain changes. Methods: Seventy nontreatment seeking, heavy drinking adults were recruited through a college campus (n = 45 men; mean age = 22.8). They completed measures of drinking, smoking, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) cue-exposure paradigm. Results: As hypothesized, depressive symptoms were positively correlated with activation during the alcohol (vs. appetitive control) cue in the insula, cingulate, ventral tegmentum, striatum, and thalamus (cluster-corrected p < 0.05, z = 2.3). Similarly, anxiety symptoms were positively correlated with activation during the alcohol (vs. appetitive control) cue in the striatum, thalamus, insula, and inferior frontal, mid-frontal, and cingulate gyri (cluster-corrected p < 0.05, z = 2.3). Conclusions: Significant correlations were found between depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and differential brain activation in response to an alcohol versus an appetitive control cue in an fMRI paradigm. Moreover, the pattern of activation mapped onto expected regions. This study strongly supports the posited relationships between depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and differential brain activation in an alcohol cue-exposure paradigm with a sample of heavy drinking adults.
Ultra-Linear Superwideband Chirp Generator using Digital Compensation

A novel digital compensation technique is applied to linearize the frequency generation of a superwideband chirp. Ultra-linear, low-noise swept local oscillators (SLO) are critical to the two-tone dynamic range performance of compressive receivers. The proposed technique enables full software control of the chirp linearity, slope, and offset to allow automated real-time calibration and testing, including automatic compensation for temperature variation. This approach combines recently available commercial high-speed digital, mixed-signal, and analog integrated circuits along with microwave components to create a 15.5-24 GHz chirp over 60 nsec with <0.4% non-linearity. This technique for high speed chirp generation also has application to FMCW and pulse compression radar systems.
The Persuasiveness of Racial Arguments as a Subtle Measure of Racism

These studies provide evidence of the reliability and validity of a new indirect measure of racism, the Racial Argument Scale (RAS). On the RAS, participants rate how well arguments support conclusions that are positive or negative toward Blacks rather than their agreement with the arguments and conclusions. These studies show that the RAS has good internal consistency, high levels of test-retest reliability, good convergent validity with other self-report measures of racism, and does not correlate with social desirability or right-wing authoritarianism. Furthermore, these studies show that the RAS predicts behavioral measures of racism and that the RAS is able to predict positivity and negativity toward Blacks that is not measured by other self-report measures of racism. These studies suggest that the RAS is a reliable and valid measure of racial attitudes.
Interrogating 7TM receptors: does texture in the question yield greater texture in the answer?

The key to detecting and classifying drug effect at seven transmembrane (7TM) receptors is the pharmacological assay. Drug discovery had been rooted in testing of molecules on intact animal tissue until technology provided high-throughput binding assays for screening. While this allowed for the testing of large numbers of molecules, it also limited detection to molecules that interfere with the interaction of the receptor with a defined probe (i.e., radioligand). The ability to monitor functional changes in cells (recombinant or natural) provided a huge leap forward. Earlier functional assays were tied to specific signaling pathways (i.e., cyclic AMP and calcium) but now label-free assays in live cells provide the opportunity to detect more ligands and more fully characterize their efficacy. These ideas will be discussed in terms of harnessing the phenomenon of “functional selectivity” for therapeutic advantage.
Effectiveness of commercially available aqueous activated charcoal products

A human research project was conducted to compare the relative effectiveness of five commercially available aqueous activated charcoal products in 25-g amounts--Acta-Char, Actidose-Aqua, Insta-Char, Liqui-Char, and Super-Char. Seven healthy adult human fasting volunteers participated. The study was double-blinded and subjects served as their own controls. Aspirin 2,592 mg was administered to each subject in the control phase to establish baseline aspirin absorption as measured by serial serum salicylate levels. During each of the five study phases 2,592 mg aspirin and a specific brand of activated charcoal were administered to the subjects and serial serum salicylate levels were drawn. Aspirin absorption was calculated using the trapezoidal rule for measuring the area under the concentration-time curve. Total aspirin absorption was reduced as follows: Super-Char, 57.76%; Actidose-Aqua, 50.42%; Insta-Char, 39.55%; Liqui-Char, 33.40%; and Acta-Char, 27.46%. Although there were large apparent differences in the adsorptive capacities of the products, the only statistically significant difference was between Super-Char and Acta-Char. The failure to show statistical differences in the face of large apparent differences may have been a reflection of type II beta error due to the small sample size. The most common factor responsible for the apparent differences in the adsorptive capacities of the products was most likely the surface area of the activated charcoals that were used. The higher surface area products, Super-Char (3,150 m2/g) and Actidose-Aqua (1,500 m2/g) prevented the absorption of aspirin more effectively than the other three products that had surface areas of 950 m2/g.
Somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis from interspecific hybrid embryos of Vigna glabrescens and V. radiata.

Somatic embryogenesis occurred on cotyledons of morphologically abnormal embryos derived from Vigna glabrescens x V. radiata crosses and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators. The frequency of 15–17 day old embryos that gave rise to somatic embryos increased from 8% to 29% by application a mixture of 100 mg/l gibberelllc acid, 25 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 5 mg/l kinetin daily to the pedicels of the developing pods. However, only callus formed on immature hybrid embryos of the reciprocal cross. These callus tissues occasionally gave rise to shoots via organogenesis when transferred to MS medium with 2 mg/l N6-benzyladenine and 0.05 mg/l NAA. Treatment of pods with growth regulators did not influence the frequency of organogenic callus. Selfed embryos of the parents did not form somatic embryos in culture, nor did callus derived from the selfed embryos produce shoots. Thus, the ability to redifferentiate appears to be associated with interspecific hybridity.
Torsional Vibrations in the Drivetrain of DFIG- and PMG-Based Wind Turbines: Comparison and Mitigation

In this paper, torsional vibrations in a five-mass drivetrain of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based and a permanent magnet generator (PMG)-based wind turbine are investigated through simulations. The simulated model includes aerodynamics of a 750kW wind turbine, as well as the dynamics of the generator, gearbox, and back-to-back power converters. In this study, the effectiveness of a sliding mode based control scheme to damp the drivetrain torsional vibrations for the events of a voltage dip occurring on the power grid and a wind speed variation is presented. The simulation results demonstrate mechanical disturbances have similar impacts on the drivetrain of DFIG-based and PMG-based wind turbines. However, the back-to-back converters in a PMG-based wind turbine effectively isolate the effects of power oscillations on the drivetrain.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The role of habit in recurrent pressure ulcers following spinal cord injury.

AbstractBackground: Despite the existence of numerous prevention strategies, pressure ulcers remain highly prevalent in those with spinal cord injury (SCI). The concept of habit, broadly defined, may help understand the persistence of this problem and offer strategies for its mitigation by occupational therapy.Aim: The aim of this paper is to describe the relationship between habits established prior to sustaining an SCI and post-injury habits that impacted on pressure ulcer risk.Methods: Secondary analysis of qualitative data collected during an ethnographic study of community-dwelling adults with SCI.Results: Participants’ habits appeared to substantially affect their risk of developing pressure ulcers. Habits established before incurring the SCI either facilitated or hindered the acquisition of new habits intended to prevent pressure ulcers.Conclusions: An understanding of the individual’s pre-existing habits may be important when designing a rehabilitation programme intended to minimize risk of pressu...
36 new, high-probability, damped Lyα absorbers at redshift 0.42 < z < 0.70

Quasar damped Ly-alpha (DLA) absorption line systems with redshifts z<1.65 are used to trace neutral gas over approximately 70 per cent of the most recent history of the Universe. However, such systems fall in the UV and are rarely found in blind UV spectroscopic surveys. Therefore, it has been difficult to compile a moderate-sized sample of UV DLAs in any narrow cosmic time interval. However, DLAs are easy to identify in low-resolution spectra because they have large absorption rest equivalent widths. We have performed an efficient strong-MgII-selected survey for UV DLAs at redshifts z=[0.42,0.70] using HST's low-resolution ACS-HRC-PR200L prism. This redshift interval covers ~1.8 Gyr in cosmic time, i.e., t~[7.2,9.0] Gyrs after the Big Bang. A total of 96 strong MgII absorption-line systems identified in SDSS spectra were successfully observed with the prism at the predicted UV wavelengths of Ly-alpha absorption. We found that 35 of the 96 systems had a significant probability of being DLAs. One additional observed system could be a very high N(HI) DLA (N(HI)~2x10^22 atoms cm^-2 or possibly higher), but since very high N(HI) systems are extremely rare, it would be unusual for this system to be a DLA given the size of our sample. Here we present information on our prism sample, including our best estimates of N(HI) and errors for the 36 systems fitted with damped Ly-alpha profiles. This list is valuable for future follow-up studies of low-redshift DLAs in a small redshift interval, although such work would clearly benefit from improved UV spectroscopy to more accurately determine their neutral hydrogen column densities.
Abstract 502: Smokers Have Significantly Increased Rates of Intraoperative Microembolization Detected on Transcranial Doppler with Carotid Angioplasty/Stenting Compared to Endarterectomy Procedure in Preliminary Study

Background: The benefits of revascularization must be balanced against the risks of peri/post-operative cerebrovascular events in determining the management of carotid stenosis. Higher rates of intra-operative microembolization during elective carotid revascularization are associated with increased risks of clinically detectable cerebrovascular accidents, and the identification of specific patient demographics that predispose to vulnerable plaque formation can be useful in guiding intervention and decreasing embolic potential during procedures. Methods: 150 patients (symptomatic, stenosis>50%; asymptomatic, stenosis>70%) undergoing either CAS or CEA will be enrolled. A pre-operative Mini-mental Status Exam, carotid MRI, and cerebral diffusion-weighted MRI are obtained one week prior to intervention. All MRI are performed with 3T MR system, carotid plaque are classified according to AHA criteria. Intraoperatively, transcranial Doppler is performed to monitor for microembolic signals (MES), detected as high...
An analysis of test results of HFMD pathogen RT-PCR of Nanyang in 2009

Objective:To learn of the main HFMD Pathogen RT-PCR in Nanyang City druing the period from March to May,2009.Methods:Select 239 stool samples of patients infected with HFMD as specimens,and then tests are conducted by the means of RT-PCR to detect such enterovirus as EV71,CA16,etc.Results:The positive rates of EV71 and CA16 are respectively 53.56%(128/239)and 14.23%(34/239),and the positive rate of other enteroviruses is 28.03%(67/239).Patients with positive enterovirus are mainly aged from one to three years and there are more males than females.Samples selected within three days of the disease stand good chance of being positive.There are differences between the pathogens of severe cases and non-severe cases.Conclusion:The pathogens which causes HFMD in Nanyang during the period from March to May,2009 are mainly EV71.
Surveillance of Salmonella contamination in broilers on the whole production chain in Jinan

Objective To understand the condition of Salmonella contamination in broilers through the production chain of hatching,breeding,slaughtering,processing and distribution,determine the vulnerable point and sample category,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of food-borne diseases caused by Salmonella.Methods Sixteen monitoring points including broiler hatcheries,farms,slaughterhouses and markets were set up to collect samples with random sampling method.The Salmonella were detected based on the handbook of National Surveillance on Food-borne Pathogenic Bacteria of 2012.Results In 2012,1204 samples of 17 kinds were detected.202 strains of Salmonella were isolated from 13 kinds of samples with an overall detection rate of 16.78%.The salmonella were classified into 4 groups and 28 serum types with 1 exception.Indiana serotype were most prevalent and accounted for 37.13%.The detection rate was the highest in slaughtering process,the second quarter of the year,and broilers after deplumation,with detection rate 23.14%,21.74% and 42.19%,respectively.Conclusion The cross-contamination of Salmonella was serious in broilers industry in Jinan.The supervision and monitoring should be strengthened through the whole process.In order to reduce the level of Salmonella cross-contamination,the critical control points should be determined and corresponding operating procedures should be formulated.
Material mobilization and transport in the Anadyr River-estuarine system, eastern Siberia.

ABSTRACT Alexander, C.R. and Windom, H.L., 2017. Material mobilization and transport in the Anadyr River-Estuarine system, eastern Siberia. Water and sediments samples collected from the Anadyr River, one of the most pristine Siberian watersheds, and its associated estuarine and coastal region were analyzed for a variety of inorganic constituents, trace metals, and stable and radioisotopes to assess the mobilization and fate of materials transported along this fluvial–marine pathway. Sampling campaigns occurred during high and waning river discharge: the former concentrated primarily on the fluvial part of the system and the latter, the estuarine and coastal areas. A major focus of this report is on trace metal geochemistry, but results also address sediment provenance, transport, and deposition. The fluvial concentrations of most of the trace metals analyzed (i.e. Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Ni) are elevated in thermokarsted areas along the river course because of groundwater inputs to surface waters, presumably res...
State and unknown input disturbance estimation for positive linear systems

In this paper, we consider the problem of designing a special type of observer to estimate the state and unknown input disturbance for linear time-invariant positive systems. Although positive observers have been designed for positive systems, they are unable to estimate the states when unknown inputs or disturbances are present in the systems. To realize simultaneous estimation of states and unknown inputs, we first design positive unknown input observers (PUIO) for positive linear systems, which is the main contribution of this paper. Then, we provide a procedure to estimate the unknown disturbance. The PUIO design can be performed with the aid of a positive stabilization scheme via LMI. A critical step in the design process is the requirement of imposing a condition on positivity of the generalized inverse of a certain design matrix. We show that this can easily be accomplished with the aid of a unique result, which makes the design of PUIO possible. An alternative LMI with less restrictive assumption is also included to design PUIO. Finally, theoretical results are supported by numerical examples.
Before The Philadelphia Negro: Residential Segregation in a Nineteenth-Century Northern City

Although some scholars treat racial residential segregation in northern cities as a twentieth-century phenomenon, recent research on New York and Chicago has shown that black-white segregation was already high and rising by 1880. We draw on data from the Philadelphia Social History Project and other new sources to study trends in this city as far back as 1850 and extending to 1900, a time when DuBois had completed his epic study of The Philadelphia Negro. Segregation of “free negroes” in Philadelphia was high even before the Civil War but did not increase as the total and black populations grew through 1900. Geocoded information from the full-count data from the 1880 Census makes it possible to map the spatial configuration of black residents in fine detail. At the scale of the street segment, segregation in that year was extraordinarily high, reflecting a micropattern in which many blacks lived in alleys and short streets. Although there was considerable class variation in the black community, higher-status black households lived in areas that were little different in racial and class composition than lower-status households.
Thomson Scattering at the Edge of ITER

Parameters at the plasma edge away from the divertor are found to correlate with performance parameters in other regions. For example, sharp edge pressure gradients in H-mode profiles may limit global confinement by exceeding the ballooning MHD stability limit. Edge temperatures and densities determine the efficiency of impurity radiation from the plasma boundary, which affects power flow to the divertor. Thus, ITER will benefit from a good characterization of the edge region. Futhermore, ITER’s success in operating within various limits in parameter space may depend on the ability to control edge parameters in real time.
Inflammatory changes in optic nerve after closed-head repeated traumatic brain injury: preliminary study

AbstractBackground: Closed-head, repeated, mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) leads to inflammatory and degenerative changes in the optic nerve of young wild type mice. This work has investigated whether similar changes may be present when the same model is applied to htau mice, a transgenic mouse in which the non-mutated human tau gene is expressed on a null murine tau background.Methods: This study investigated neuropathological changes in the optic nerve in both young (15 weeks) and old (65–70 weeks) htau mice at 24 hours after r-mTBI or anaesthesia only (r-sham). Change in the level of cellularity, myelin content and astroglial reactivity were evaluated in optic nerve samples.Results: Increased cellularity and areas of demyelination were clearly detectable in the intracranial portion of the optic nerve in both young (10–15 weeks) and old (65–75) htau r-mTBI mice at 24 hours post-injury, in contrast to r-sham. Increased astroglial reactivity was also observed, together with increased tau phosphorylat...
Application of linear circuit analysis in the evaluation of mineral processing circuit design under uncertainty

Abstract This paper describes an approach to estimate uncertainty propagation in mineral processing separation circuits. Since most modeling and simulation tools only consider deterministic input values, the inherent uncertainty induced by variable feed grade and stage unit recovery are not included in the design and optimization process. The method described in this paper combines the linear circuit analysis approach and the law of the propagation of errors. The result is a method that can be used to estimate uncertainty propagation, even in the early design stages where extensive experimental data is unavailable. To validate this approach, Monte Carlo simulations were conducted on 35 simple two, three, and four-unit circuit designs and the data was analyzed to show distribution statistics for circuit recovery, product grade, and separation efficiency. Both methods show nearly identical results, but the new methodology also gives fundamental insight on the reasons why certain circuits propagate uncertainty for specific performance indicators.
Foreign Exchange Liquidity in the Americas

This report discusses FX liquidity metrics and their drivers, reaching four conclusions. First, changes in FX markets have reduced the usefulness of some conventional FX liquidity metrics; several metrics need to be assessed together to give a better picture of market liquidity. Second, some metrics suggest that liquidity in FX markets has declined during some recent episodes of market stress. Third, technology appears to have changed liquidity dynamics - enhancing liquidity in normal conditions and offsetting the impact of market fragmentation, but also adding to FX volatility in stressed market conditions. Fourth, the impact of post-crisis regulatory change on FX market liquidity remains unclear and requires further study.
Sectoral Difference in the Effect of Pay Reduction and Downsizing on Employee Attitudes

Despite the increase in interest of which payroll cost reduction method (i.e. pay reduction or downsizing) better maintains the level of employee attitudes over the other method, studies comparing ...
Streptomyces wadayamensis MppP is a PLP-Dependent Oxidase, Not an Oxygenase.

The PLP-dependent l-arginine hydroxylase/deaminase MppP from Streptomyces wadayamensis (SwMppP) is involved in the biosynthesis of l-enduracididine, a nonproteinogenic amino acid found in several nonribosomally produced peptide antibiotics. SwMppP uses only PLP and molecular oxygen to catalyze a 4-electron oxidation of l-arginine to form a mixture of 2-oxo-4(S)-hydroxy-5-guanidinovaleric acid and 2-oxo-5-guanidinovaleric acid. Steady-state kinetics analysis in the presence and absence of catalase shows that one molecule of peroxide is formed for every molecule of dioxygen consumed in the reaction. Moreover, for each molecule of 2-oxo-4(S)-hydroxy-5-guanidinovaleric acid produced, two molecules of dioxygen are consumed, suggesting that both the 4-hydroxy and 2-keto groups are derived from water. This was confirmed by running the reactions using either [18]O2 or H2[18]O and analyzing the products by ESI-MS. Incorporation of [18]O was only observed when the reaction was performed in H2[18]O. Crystal structur...
Positron range correction with S-deconvolution

1482 Objectives In high resolution small animal PET imaging, positron range is an important factor affecting quantitative accuracy. This work explores the performance of a sinogram restoration algorithm aiming at recovering the loss of resolution from the camera geometry and physics of positron decay. The technique employs the inverse S-transform to perform deconvolution on the sinograms by a spatially variant resolution kernel that accounts for the detector response, photon acolinearity and the positron range. Methods Spatial resolution kernels were determined for long range positron emitting nuclides from experimentally measured point spread function in water and converted to projection space. The S-transform is a non-iterative one step approach based on a piecewise Taylor expansion of the projection data. The technique was applied to various phantoms filled with Br-76 and to small animal data. The technique operates by first de-blurring the sinograms (3D sinograms converted to 2D with FORE algorithm) and then followed by the image reconstruction using the standard 2D-FBP algorithm. Performance of this algorithm and its noise-resolution properties is also compared to an iterative penalized maximum likelihood approach (MAP with range correction). Results The sinogram deconvolution technique is efficient at reducing the loss of resolution due to the long positron range. In particular, better spatial resolutions and improved recovery coefficients were observed than from reconstruction from conventional FBP image reconstruction. Conclusions The S-Transform algorithm is not as efficient as MAP with range correction at recovering the loss of resolution although substantial resolution recovery is achieved. The main advantage of this technique is speed. Research Support This work was made possible from the financial support from the RadioNuclide Resource for Cancer Applications (RRCA), NIH grant R24 CA86307.
qualitative-methods-in-inverse-scattering-theory

A major problem in the use of ultrasound or microwaves for purposes of nondestructive testing or medical imaging is the computational complexity of solving the inverse scattering problem that arises in such applications. This is due to the fact that in order to achieve satisfactory resolution and sufficient penetration of the wave into the material it is often necessary to use frequencies in the resonance region. In this case the inverse scattering problem is not only improperly posed but also nonlinear and even in the case of two dimensions the time needed to solve such problems can be prohibitive. To date the time consuming nature of the problem has mainly been dealt with by the introduction of various innovative schemes that avoid the use of volume integral equations and instead rely on finite difference or finite element methods (cf. [5], [8]). However, for large scale problems (for example those involving imaging of the human body) the problem of computational complexity remains a serious problem for any practitioner. In this paper we would like to propose a different approach to this problem that, although still in its infancy, has the promise of providing rapid solutions to a number of inverse scattering problems of practical significance.
Comparison of Geotechnical Behavior of Muzaffarpur Soil with Locally Available Fly Ash

It is general practice to utilize locally available soil for construction of geotechnical construction. This is economical way of construction. But availability of locally available waste material like fly ash, pond ash etc. gives engineers a choice to do construction in sustainable way. But for this purpose comparative study is required. In this paper comparison of geotechnical behavior of Muzaffarpur soil and locally available fly ash is done. For this purpose series of tests were conducted on the fly ash and local soil. In this study, test to find out index properties and engineering properties like; strength, compaction etc. were conducted. The potential of utilization of the fly ash as partial replacement of soil is also investigated. From the test results it is found that fly ash has better strength behavior and can be utilized as light weight construction material. It is also found that as replacement fly ash can significantly improve the strength behavior of the soil.
Hemorrhage glioblastoma mimicks a dural-based meningioma

The so-called “dural tail sign” (DTS) is a thickening of the dura that is most often seen adjacent to a meningioma. Although the DTS is highly specific for meningioma, it has been observed in numerous other intracranial lesions. The origin of the DTS is an issue of debate. Some authors have described it as a tumor extension, while others have considered it as a proliferation of connective tissue, hypervascularity, and vascular dilatation within the dura and adjacent to cranial masses. Here, we reported a rare case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with image findings of a DTS. A 74-year-old female was taken to our hospital due to the sudden onset of mental status change and right-side hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement showed an intracranial mass with heterogeneous enhancement in the left temporal lobe which was consistent with the DTS. A left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed, and grossly total tumor removal was achieved. The final pathology reported was GBM. Although it is rare, GBM may also on occasion be associated with a DTS. The histopathological examination for DTS in GBM is limited. Currently, excision of the dural tail in GBM is suggested.
Establishing a successful teaching assistant program in pharmacy skills laboratory courses

Abstract Introduction Laboratory-based courses often require more manpower than faculty can provide to facilitate active learning activities in the classroom as well as skills-based assessments. Perspective Pharmacy and graduate student and resident teaching assistants (TAs) can be incorporated into laboratory-based courses to help meet this need. Before using student and resident TAs in laboratory-based courses, a number of items need to be considered. This paper will discuss how to recruit, train, and evaluate student and resident TAs. It will also detail the benefits to the faculty, the students in the classroom, and the TAs themselves. Finally, lessons learned from five schools of pharmacy who use student and/or resident TAs will be shared. Implications Schools of pharmacy should implement a formalized process for utilizing student and resident TAs in laboratory-based courses especially where faculty manpower limitations exist.
EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE $delta$S = $delta$Q RULE IN LEPTONIC DECAYS OF NEUTRAL K MESONS.

We report the final results of a study of the time distribution of decays of neutral $K$ mesons produced in the reaction ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{K}}^{0}+n$. We present independent results based on 81 electronic and 38 muonic decays. Combining these with 133 ambiguous events, we find for the $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Delta}Q$ parameter $x$ the value $\mathrm{Re}(x)={{0.25}_{\ensuremath{-}0.09}}^{+0.07}$, $\mathrm{Im}(x)=0.00\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$. This value lies about 2.5 standard deviations away from the point $x=0$, and to this extent our experiment suggests a violation of the $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=\ensuremath{\Delta}Q$ rule. In the course of an investigation of background processes, we identify and measure the rate of the radiative decay ${K}_{S}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$.
The Hospice Movement: Spirituality within the United States' Health Care System

With the elderly population growing, there is a great need to improve the quality of end-of-life care. Traditionally, the healthcare industry has focused on the pathology-oriented medical model when assisting terminally ill patients. This focus can lead to patients feeling depressed, anxious, and hopeless about the dying process. By incorporating spirituality into the dying process, the hospice movement diverged from this medical model, but the role of social workers is often divided between these two very different paradigms. This paper discusses spiritual practice theories that hospice social workers can use to benefit the well-being of terminally ill patients while working within the current health care system.
A Case Study for Culturally Responsive Teaching in Glodok, Jakarta, Indonesia: the Negotiation of Identity and Instruction for a Chinese-Indonesian Educator:

This paper documents what culturally responsive teaching means for a teacher who is a member of a minority community of ethnic Chinese in Glodok (Chinatown), Jakarta, Indonesia. Culturally responsi...
Microcomputers in the Classroom.

Recent developments in the field of mi croprocessing have resulted in astonishing reductions in the size and cost of comput ing equipment. These developments permit a close association between students and computers in the classroom that was im possible just a year or so ago. It is generally agreed that every second ary school mathematics student should have access to a computer or computer ter minal (Taylor 1976). Computers are appli cable for a variety of instructional uses and are appropriate at various levels in a broad range of disciplines. So widespread is the use of computers (in the arts and social sciences as well as in the mathematical and natural sciences) that the term computer lit eracy has been introduced to indicate an individual's familiarity with the fundamen tals of computing (Nevison 1976). Com puter-assisted instruction has been used for many years both in the presentation of new material and in drill work. The computer will continue to be useful as a tool for instruction in many areas, but
Correction to: A Systematic Review of Mental Health Interventions for ASD: Characterizing Interventions, Intervention Adaptations, and Implementation Outcomes.

Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have high rates of co-occurring mental health needs that necessitate mental health interventions. Given the unique clinical characteristics of youth with ASD, there have been significant efforts to adapt and test mental health interventions for this population. Yet, characterization of the nature and types of interventions adaptations is limited, especially across the wide range of interventions tested for youth with ASD with a focus on implementation factors. Additionally, understanding how these interventions may be implemented in community services is limited. The aims of this systematic review are to characterize the (1) types of interventions tested for co-occurring mental health conditions for youth with ASD; (2) adaptations to mental health interventions for use with youth with ASD; and (3) implementation strategies, outcomes, and determinants of mental health interventions to inform their translation to community service settings. Eighty-three articles testing interventions targeting mental health symptoms in youth with ASD that included implementation factors in analyses were reviewed. The Stirman et al. (2013; 2019) FRAME adaptation, Powell et al. (2012;2015) implementation strategies, and Proctor et al. (2011) implementation outcomes taxonomies were applied to characterize the nature and types of adaptations for use with youth with ASD and types of implementation strategies, outcomes, and determinants used, when available, respectively. Of the interventions examined, the majority (64.1%) were originally designed to target youth mental health concerns and were then adapted to be used with ASD. The most common adaptations included those to the intervention content, particularly adding elements with tailoring or refining aspects of the intervention while maintaining core functions. Half of the articles described at least one implementation strategy used during intervention testing. Fidelity and acceptability were the most frequently examined implementation outcomes, with some examination of appropriateness and feasibility. Nineteen percent of articles described implementation determinants (i.e. barriers/facilitators) of these implementation outcomes. The common adaptations for ASD provide direction for future intervention development and for training community therapists. Further examination, specification, and reporting of implementation strategies and outcomes within ongoing efforts to adapt and interventions to meet the co-occurring mental health needs of youth ASD are needed to facilitate their translation to community settings. Areas for future research as well as clinical implications are discussed.
Dementia risk following influenza vaccination in a large veteran cohort.

Abstract Background Two Taiwan based studies indicated influenza vaccinations are associated with lower risk for dementia in patient cohorts with chronic disease. We determined if such associations exist in a large, nationally distributed sample of U.S. patients not selected for chronic disease. Methods Data was obtained from Veterans Health Administration medical records (9/1/2009 – 8/31/19). Eligible patients were ≥65 years of age and free of dementia for two years prior to enrollment through the end of the first influenza season (9/1/2009 to 3/1/2012). Competing risk models estimated the risk of dementia in those with influenza vaccination (n = 66,822) compared to those without vaccination (n = 56,925). Propensity scores and inverse probability of treatment weighting controlled for confounding. Results On average, patients were 75.5 (±7.3) years of age, 3.8% were female and 91.6% were white race. After controlling for confounding, patients with influenza vaccination were significantly less likely to develop dementia compared to patients without vaccination (HR = 0.86; 95 %CI:0.83–0.88). Patients with 1, 2 or 3–5 vaccines vs. none had similar risks for dementia and patients with ≥ 6 influenza vaccines vs. none had a significant lower risk for dementia (HR = 0.88, 95 %CI: 0.83–0.94). Conclusions Repeated receipt of influenza vaccinations, compared to remaining unvaccinated, is associated with lower risk for dementia. This is consistent with the hypotheses that vaccinations may reduce risk of dementia by training the immune system and not by preventing specific infectious disease. If vaccines are identified as causative factors in reducing incident dementia, they offer an inexpensive, low-risk intervention with effects greater than any existing preventive measure.
Evil: Illusion of

Over the past several decades, there has been an increased interest in the concept of “evil” in the fields of psychiatry and psychology. This interest has included efforts to “define” evil, and even testify about “evil” in the courtroom. Such efforts are ill-advised, as it can be argued that evil can never be scientifically or reliably defined. This is because “evil” (i) is an illusory moral concept, (ii) it does not exist in nature, and (iii) its origins and connotations are inextricably linked to religion and mythology. Mental health professionals cannot claim any special expertise in matters of religion or morality. Any attempt to study violent or deviant behavior under the rubric of “evil” will be fraught with bias and moralistic judgments. Further, embracing the term evil into the lexicon and practice of mental health will contribute to the stigmatization of mental illness, diminish the credibility of the mental health profession, and corrupt forensic treatment efforts. Keywords: evil; courtroom testimony; morality; bias; stigma
The absolutism problem in On Liberty

Mill argues that, apart from the principle of utility, his utilitarianism is incompatible with absolutes. Yet in On Liberty he introduces an exceptionless anti-paternalism principle—his liberty principle. In this paper I address ‘the absolutism problem,’ that is, whether Mill's utilitarianism can accommodate an exceptionless principle. Mill's absolute claim is not a mere bit of rhetoric. But the four main solutions to the absolutism problem are also not supported by the relevant texts. I defend a fifth solution—the competence view—that turns on his attention to decision-making structures and, in particular, on the role of expertise considerations in his account.
Job Duration and Match Quality Over the Cycle

This paper examines how job quality varies over the cycle. Empirical evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) suggests match quality is procyclical. This interpretation is corroborated in a calibrated model with on-the-job search. In the model, more high quality matches are observed in expansions because of improved reallocation through on-the-job search. This eﬀect, however, is dominated by lower job destruction in expansions, which preserves matches at the bottom of the quality distribution.
Manipulating TLR pathways activated by oncolytic vaccinia virus elicits a potent immune response against tumors (VAC8P.996)

The immune response raised by oncolytic Vaccinia Virus after the infection and destruction of cancer cells is believed to be a key factor in the promising recent clinical results seen with these viruses. However, Vaccinia Virus primordially activates TLR2, which is associated with Th2 conversion and strong humoral responses. For cancer therapy, elicitation of cellular responses is thought to be more effective for the direct destruction of tumor cells. In this work, we switched the TLR response that a modified oncolytic Vaccinia Virus elicits. Firstly, we looked to activate the TLR3 pathway after infection with Vaccinia Virus, which is more associated with cellular responses. For this purpose, we constructed an oncolytic Vaccinia Virus that codifies for the TRIF protein, a key adaptor of the TLR3 pathway. The resulting virus increased the level of cytokines, chemokines and DAMPs released after infection, resulting in improved cytotoxicity in cancer cells and significantly enhanced therapeutic effects in mouse tumor models. Concurrently, we demonstrated that enzymatic deglycosylation of the surface of the virus is able to ablate the activation of cell surface TLRs, increasing the level of delivery and early viral gene expression in tumors in vivo. Finally, combination of both strategies demonstrated increased amounts of CTLs targeting the tumor, reduced levels of anti-viral neutralizing antibody and a further increase in antitumor activity in orthotopic mouse models.
Estrogen Receptor α Mediates Estrogen’s Immune Protection in Autoimmune Disease

Estrogens are known to influence a variety of autoimmune diseases, but it is not known whether their actions are mediated through classic estrogen receptor α (ERα). The presence of a functional ER was demonstrated in secondary lymphoid tissues, then ERα expression was shown at both the RNA and protein levels in these tissues. Use of ERα knockout mice revealed that both the estrogen-induced disease protection and the estrogen-induced reduction in proinflammatory cytokines were dependent upon ERα in the prototypic Th1-mediated autoimmune disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These findings are central to the design of selective ER modifiers which aim to target biologic responses in specific organ systems.
Transformation of Actinomyces spp. by a gram-negative broad-host-range plasmid

The gram-negative broad-host-range vector pJRD215 was transferred by electroporation into strains of Actinomyces viscosus or Actinomyces naeslundii at efficiencies which ranged from 10(2) to 10(7) transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA. The Actinomyces transformants expressed pJRD215-encoded resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin. Moreover, the transforming plasmid DNA had not undergone any deletions or rearrangements, nor had it integrated into the genomes of these strains.
Causes of the longitudinal differences in the equatorial vertical E × B drift during the 2013 SSW period as simulated by the TIME‐GCM

During stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) periods large changes in the low-latitude vertical drift have been observed at Jicamarca as well as in other longitudinal sectors. In general, a strengthening of the daytime maximum vertical drift with a shift from prenoon to the afternoon is observed. During the January 2013 stratospheric warming significant longitudinal differences in the equatorial vertical drift were observed. At Jicamarca the previously reported SSW behavior prevails; however, no shift of the daytime maximum drift was exhibited in the African sector. Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM) the possible causes for the longitudinal difference are examined. The timing of the strong SSW effect in the vertical drift (15–20 January) coincides with moderate geomagnetic activity. The simulation indicates that approximately half of the daytime vertical drift increase in the American sector may be related to the moderate geophysical conditions (Kp = 4) with the effect being negligible in the African sector. The simulation suggests that the wind dynamo accounts for approximately 50% of the daytime vertical drift in the American sector and almost 100% in the African sector. The simulation agrees with previous findings that the migrating solar tides and the semidiurnal westward propagating tide with zonal wave number 1 (SW1) mainly contribute to the daytime wind dynamo and vertical drift. Numerical experiments suggest that the neutral wind and the geomagnetic main field contribute to the presence (absence) of a local time shift in the daytime maximum drift in the American (African) sector.
Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals in Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp) from Bomuruella Reservoir, Nuwara-Eliya

On 15th June 2015 W.D.N Wickramarachchi was ADDED as an author on this paper - The Editor. Currently, an aquatic ecosystem of Sri Lanka is faced with acute environmental problems due to trace metal pollution. Bomburuella is one of reservoirs situated in Nuwara-Eliya District, Sri Lanka. Trace metal pollution of this reservoir has taking placed due to various anthropogenic activities. Therefore, it is very important to determine the cause for bioaccumulation of trace metals in fish tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of selected trace metals in the tissues of fish species (Cyprinus carpio/Common Carp). Samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to determine selected trace metals namely mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Results revealed that, the mean concentration of trace metal namely Hg, Pb and Cd recorded as 0.56 ± 0.15 mg/kg,0.50 mg/kg). Journal of Environmental Professionals Sri Lanka: 2015 Vol. 4 No. 1: 64-71
Extramedullary hematopoeisis within a convexity meningioma.

Abstract Background Hematopoiesis outside the bone marrow is known to occur in patients with severe anemia, leukemia, polycythemia, or myelofibrosis, and in patients affected by chronic poisoning by marrow-toxic substances. Case Description A 66-year-old right-handed man complained of 4 days of terrible right-sided, sharp, and shooting headache for which he saw his primary care provider. Routine laboratory examination showed a WBC count of 30 800/μL. Neuroimaging showed a large, right frontotemporal, extra-axial, heterogeneously enhancing, dural based mass with associated recent intramural hemorrhage with evidence of midline shift and uncal herniation. The mass was resected using a right-sided extended craniotomy with anterior fossa and middle fossa approach. A hematoxylin-eosin–stained biopsy specimen showed whorls of tumor cells, diagnostic of a meningioma. Interspersed within the tumor bulk were nucleated RBCs, representing areas of extramedullary erythropoiesis within a meningioma. Flow cytometric evaluation confirmed the clinical suspicion of an underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Conclusion Occurrence of extramedullary hematopoiesis within a meningioma is extremely rare. Various theories may explain the occurrence of extramedullary hematopoiesis occurring within a meningioma in our patient, such as hematopoietic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal tumor cells; direct extension of hematopoietic activity from the neighboring marrow cavity; displacement from bone marrow of stem cells that settle and develop in tissues where capillaries and blood vessels proliferate, such as a meningioma; or congenital heterotopia of totipotent connective tissue cells, which, under certain circumstances, may transform into hematopoietic tissue.
Two theorems generalizing the mean transition probability results in the theory of Markov chains

Abstract This paper gives two theorems which generalize the classical results of Markov chain theory concerning mean transition probabilities.