cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smarter City: The Event Driven Realization of City-Wide Collaboration

This paper documents a proposal to create a Smarter City which is event-driven and designed to enable both intra-agency and inter-agency interactions implicit in day-to-day operations in a complex city environment. This paper highlights technologies and event related design that address key points of integration which create a foundation for a citywide management cycle. A Smarter City also delivers additional functionality such as prediction based on analysis of historical data, real time event monitoring, and response activation which are critical to operational efficiency.
Social structure, infant handling, and mothering styles in group-living old world monkeys

I argue that in Old World monkeys, infant handling by individuals other than the mother is a heterogeneous phenomenon in structural and functional terms; species differences in maternal tolerance of infant handling are related to differences in the relative proportion of abusive to affiliative responses made to infants by adult females other than the mother; and infant handling by adult females is related to the species-typical social structure, with particular reference to social relationships among females and patterns of food competition. I apply the proposed relationship among social structure, infant handling, and mothering style to explain the observed variation in mothering styles between and within the subfamilies Colobinae and Cercopithecinae.
Organizational culture and advanced manufacturing technology implementation

Abstract Using data collected from a sample of 97 manufacturing plants, we examine how organizational culture is related to outcomes associated with advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) implementation. Multiple item scales are developed and adapted from a wide range of sources in the literature to measure managers' perceptions of organizational culture, AMT benefits, and implementation outcomes such as operational benefits, organizational benefits, satisfaction, and competitive success. Regression analysis is used to analyze the relationships between these variables. The results suggest that cultural characteristics, as defined by the competing values model, are significantly related to AMT implementation outcomes. We conclude by discussing the managerial implications of these results.
Identifying Wine Innovators: A Test of the Domain Specific Innovativeness Scale Using Known Groups

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the Domain Specific Innovativeness scale (DSI) for “known‐groups validity.” Data came from two groups of student volunteers: 48 students registered for a specialty class in wine in the Hospitality Administration department of a US public university and 28 students from two marketing classes at the same institution, In addition to the DSI, the questionnaire contained multi‐item scales to measure wine involvement, opinion leadership for wine, subjective and real knowledge of wine, and wine‐related behaviour. The analysis verified that the DSI was highly correlated with the other wine measures, the two groups were quite different on all the measured wine variables, and that the DSI played a significant role in discriminating between the members of the two groups. These findings strongly support the validity of the DSI and promote its use in studies of wine innovators.
Visual search with imperfect recognition

A task involving both the search for and recognition of one of two possible critical elements embedded in a set of noise elements was investigated with the aid of a mathematical model. The model consists of three processes, these being search, recognition, and decision. The first of two experiments attempted to show the operation of two separate bias parameters in the decision process. While the results were in the right direction, the data did not unequivocally establish the necessity of two bias parameters. In the second study, it was found that while a S’s ability to find a critical element in a display decreased as the number of noise elements in the display increased, his ability to recognize which critical element it was after finding it remained constant. This result was interpreted as supporting a strictly all-or-none view of the search process.
Cathodic Electrosynthesis of Niobium Oxide One-Dimensional Nanostructures with Tailored Dimensions

A cathodic electrosynthesis strategy was conceived and demonstrated for the preparation of Nb 2 O 5 nanorods/nanotubes supported on Nb foil. This method involved an interplay of several processes including the chemical attack of fluoride species on the Nb cathode, the electrogeneration of O 2 at a proximal Pt anode, its subsequent diffusion to and electrocatalytic reduction on the Nb cathode, and finally, the chemical reaction between the ionic Nb and oxygen precursor species at the interface to generate the Nb 2 O 5 nanoarchitectures. The oxide nanorods/nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analyses, and Raman spectroscopy, and their critical dimensions could be tailored via control of the growth variables.
Complete mouth reconstruction with implant-supported fixed partial dental prostheses fabricated with zirconia frameworks: A 4-year clinical follow-up

Few scientific reports regarding the success of complete mouth partial fixed dental prostheses frameworks fabricated with zirconia are available, especially when dental implants serve as the abutments. A complete mouth reconstruction with zirconia frameworks veneered with feldspathic porcelain is reported involving a 65-year-old white woman who presented with partial edentulism and an unrestorable remaining dentition. After examination, 14 implants were planned (8 in the maxillary arch and 6 in the mandibular arch), and implant-supported zirconia framework screw-retained partial fixed dental prostheses (ISZPFDPs) were fabricated and made in sections for easier retrievability and management. No major complications were encountered during follow-up appointments at 6-month intervals for 4 years. However, minor fractures of the veneering ceramic were noted 4 years after placement. The ISZPFDPs were well accepted by the patient and had a favorable outcome in terms of patient acceptability and success, despite some complications.
Estimation of Melting Points of Organic Compounds-II

A combination of additive group contributions and nonadditive molecular parameters is employed to estimate the normal melting points of 1215 organic compounds. The melting points are calculated from the ratio of the total phase change enthalpy and entropy of melting. The total phase change enthalpy of melting is calculated from the enthalpic group contributions, whereas the total phase change entropy of melting is estimated using a semiempirical equation based on only two nonadditive molecular parameters. The average absolute error in estimating the melting points of these organic compounds is 33.2 K. This is a relatively low value considering the wide range of pharmaceutically and environmentally relevant organic compounds included in this data set.
STICTOCARDIA TILIIFOLIA (CONVOLVULACEAE) RE-EVALUATED

Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) H. Hall. is accepted as the correct name for the type species ofStictocardia. An earlier name,Ipomoea campanulata L., regarded as a synonym of S.tiliifolia for the last 50 years, is found to be synonymous withIpomoea illustris (C. B. Clarke) Prain, a species occurring in coastal/tidal riverine habitats of South Asia. Material from interior habitats, calledI. campanulata by authors of Indian floras, is believed to represent a variety of trueI. campanulata or a closely related species.
Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoma with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its co-administration with chemotherapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related lymphoma has lead to the exploration of potentially curative combination chemotherapy and myeloablative therapy followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Applying the same principles used for patients with HIV-negative aggressive lymphoma, in 1998 we developed a program of high-dose therapy and ASCT at City of Hope for patients with HIV-related lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Our studies have primarily included patients with chemosensitive lymphoma in relapse or first remission with poor-risk features at diagnosis. Filgrastim (G-CSF)-primed peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and apheresis have been successful while patients were receiving HAART and chemotherapy. To date, ASCT has been performed in 19 patients with HIV-related lymphoid malignancies, representing the largest single-institution experience reported to date. Most patients received a chemotherapy-based conditioning regimen consisting of high-dose carmustine, etoposide and cyclophosphamide. Early infections, namely bacteremias and neutropenic fever were similar to those observed in the HIV-negative transplant setting. Opportunistic infections were rare and easily treatable. There were three early deaths, two from relapsed lymphoma and one from multi-organ failure in an older patient. The remaining 16 patients are alive and in remission. In summary, ASCT is well tolerated, can result in long-term remissions, and is potentially curative in selected HIV-related lymphoma patients with chemosensitive relapse and high-risk disease in first remission defined by the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index criteria (i.e., two or three of the following: elevated LDH, advanced stage, and poor performance status). Acquisition of resistance to HAART remains as a potential problem for HIV-positive patients who are cured of their lymphoma.
Recognition of the alternatively spliced segments of fibronectin by the RCJ 3.1C5.18 chondrocytic rat cell line.

Summary Objectives To define, for the C5.18 chondrocyte-restricted rat cell line, (1) the capacities for recognition of alternatively spliced segments of the adhesion protein fibronectin (FN), (2) the integrin subunits required for such recognition, and (3) differences in such FN recognition vs the multipotential chondroprogenitor line, RCJ 3.1. Methods C5.18 and RCJ 3.1 cells were tested for their capacities to adhere to recombinant alternatively spliced segments of rat FN, presented on plastic surfaces either in isolation or in partial FNs spanning the 7th through 15th type III repeats (III7-15 FNs). The effects on such adhesion of cations and integrin subunit-specific antibodies were tested. Results Despite significant augmentation in chondrocyte-specific gene expression in C5.18 relative to the RCJ 3.1 cells, the two lines exhibited similar recognition of FN spliced segments and partial isoforms. Specifically, both lines adhered to the extra type III repeat A (EIIIA) and V, but not extra type III repeat B (EIIIB), segments. There were different cation and integrin subunit requirements for adhesion to EIIIA vs V segments, and only the V segment was recognized in the context of a III7-15 FN. Such recognition was mediated via a "second" arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) sequence that is present in the V95 subsegment in rat, but not human, FN. Conclusion The chondrocyte lineage-committed C5.18 cell line, similar to its multipotential chondroprogenitor, RCJ 3.1, recognizes the "cartilage-restricted" EIIIA and V segments of FN with cation, integrin, and molecular context requirements that are specific to each of these segments.
Frequency-Dependent Absorption of Electromagnetic Energy in Biological Tissue

The frequency-dependent absorption of electromagnetic energy in biological tissue is illustrated by use of the Debye equations, model calculations for different irradiation conditions, and measured electrical properties (conductivity and permittivity) of different tissues. Four separate irradiation conditions are treated for calculating the power absorbed. in a given tissue when it forms a flat interface or is surrounded by another tissue. The calculations show that the greatest differential absorption occurs at frequencies between the dominant relaxation frequencies in the two tissues. From rat mammary gland tumor data, the calculations show an optimum frequency range of about 100-500 MHz for microwave hyperthermia treatment of at least these types of tumor.
The nuclear envelope in the developing oocytes of the tunicate, boltenia villosa.

1. In the developing oocyte of Boltenia villosa, five distinct morphological manifestations have been observed, all involving the nuclear envelope. None of them is continuous throughout the growth of an oocyte but each occupies a definite period of oocyte development. These different manifestations reflecting different activities at the nucleo-cytoplasmic boundary in B. villosa oocytes are listed as follows, starting from very young to almost mature cells: 1. the loss of the conventional two-membrane condition on the part of the nuclear envelope; 2. the formation of intranuclear vesicles; 3. probably concurrent with 2, the intensive formation of ribosomes involving the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope; 4. the formation of endoplasmic reticulum by the outer nuclear membrane; and 5. the formation of the annulate lamellae on both sides of the nuclear envelope. 2. These morphological changes, all occurring at the nucleo-cytoplasmic boundary but each occupying a definite stage of oocyte development, have been regarded as possibly due to differential gene activation. 3. The significance of the fact that the intranuclear vesicles and the intranuclear annulate lamellae, products of two of the activities occurring at the nucleo-cytoplasmic boundary, remain within the nucleus has been touched upon. These two types of structures, being intranuclear, furnish morphological evidence of at least one of the mechanisms whereby the germinal vesicle enlarges as the oocyte developes.
Evaluation of Elevated Liver Enzymes

Liver enzymes, including aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase, are some of the most commonly ordered blood tests in a physician's practice. These enzymes have been valuable in screening for liver disease, as well as in diagnosing and monitoring patients with acute and chronic hepatobiliary disorders. Patients with predominantly aminotransferase elevations are thought to have acute or chronic hepatitis from a variety of causes. In patients with predominantly alkaline phosphatase elevations, imaging evaluation is undertaken upfront to exclude large bile duct disorders and infiltrative/mass lesions. A liver biopsy may be reserved for patients for whom these less invasive investigations are unfruitful.
A no-free-lunch framework for coevolution

The No-Free-Lunch theorem is a fundamental result in the field of black-box function optimization. Recent work has shown that coevolution can exhibit free lunches. The question as to which classes of coevolution exhibit free lunches is still open. In this paper we present a novel framework for analyzing No-Free-Lunch like results for classes of coevolutionary algorithms. Our framework has the advantage of analyzing No-Free-Lunch like inquiries in terms of solution concepts and isomorphisms on the weak preference relation on solution configurations. This allows coevolutionary algorithms to be naturally classified by the type of solution they seek. Using the weak preference relation also permits us to present a simpler definition of performance metrics than that used in previous coevolutionary No-Free-Lunch work, more akin to the definition used in the original No-Free-Lunch theorem.The framework presented in this paper can be viewed as the combination of the ideas and definitions from two separate theoretical frameworks for analyzing search algorithms and coevolution consistent with the terminology of both.We also present a new instance of free lunches in coevolution which demonstrates the applicability of our framework to analyzing coevolutionary algorithms based upon the solution concept which they implement.
Maximal, Lexicographic, and Dynamic Network Flows

This paper proves two properties of maximal network flows: 1 If there exist a maximal network flow with a given departure pattern at the sources and a maximal flow with a given arrival pattern at the sinks, then there exists a flow that has both this departure pattern at the sources and this arrival pattern at the sinks. 2 There exists a maximal dynamic network flow that simultaneously has a latest earliest departure schedule at the sources and an earliest latest arrival schedule at the sinks. The paper modifies Ford and Fulkerson's maximal dynamic flow algorithm to construct a maximal dynamic network flow with a latest departure schedule and an earliest arrival schedule.
Stimulation of P2X Purinergic Receptors Increases Calcium Spark Frequency, but Does Not Normalize Calcium Transient Synchronization, in Mouse Cardiomyocytes from the Calsequestrin Model of Cardiomyopathy (CSQ)

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release is impaired in cardiomyocytes from failing hearts. In studies of cardiomyocytes from CSQ hearts Ca2+ spark frequency and synchronization of Ca2+ release were reduced. Interestingly, binary overexpression of CSQ and the human P2X4 purinergic receptor prolongs CSQ survival. Our objective was to determine if amelioration of the CSQ phenotype through Binary (CSQ+P2X4) overexpression was due to purinergic effects on Ca2+ release function. Cardiomyocytes isolated from the hearts of wild-type (WT), P2X4, CSQ or Binary mice were loaded with Fluo-4AM, superfused with a modified Tyrode's solution (22°C) and paced at 0.5 Hz in the presence/absence of the P2-receptor agonist 2-MeSATP (3 μM). Line-scans were recorded with a Zeiss LSM510. Under basal conditions, 2-MeSATP responsive cardiomyocyte Ca2+ spark frequencies (sparks/μm/sec) did not differ (WT 1.04±0.23; P2X4 1.78±0.28; CSQ 1.60 ± 0.87; Binary 0.79±0.27; p=0.73). When 2-MeSATP was applied, Ca2+ spark frequency increased significantly compared to basal for each genotype (WT 2.89±0.32; P2X4 5.79±1.02; CSQ 5.13±1.53; Binary 3.45±0.89; p<0.01). These data suggest that a P2X4R-mediated mechanism can influence SR Ca2+ load and/or release. Effects of purinergic stimulation on coordination of SR Ca2+ release were investigated by determining the dyssynchrony index (DI) in paced cardiomyocytes. Under basal conditions the CSQ and Binary DIs were dramatically increased compared to WT (13.59±1.39 and 14.28±1.89 vs 4.34±0.93; p<0.01). Application of 2-MeSATP did not decrease the DI in myocytes from failing CSQ and Binary hearts (15.82±3.03 and 13.85±1.01). Conclusion: Cardiac P2X purinergic receptor stimulation increases Ca2+ spark frequency, suggesting a beneficial effect on SR Ca2+ loading or release. However, P2X receptor activation does not normalize DI, determined from confocal line-scans, in CSQ or Binary cardiomyocytes.
Separation of anionic surfactants on anion exchangers

Abstract Two anion-exchange columns, PRP-X100 and IonPac AS11, that differ in anion-exchange capacity and porous properties are evaluated for applications in the separation of anionic surfactants such as alkane sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. Retention of the anionic surfactants on the anion exchangers is due to both anion-exchange processes and interactions between the anionic surfactant and exchanger polymeric matrix. The effects of mobile phase solvent composition and counter-anion, counter-anion concentration, and mobile phase cation are evaluated. Isocratic baseline separation of alkane sulfonates and alkyl sulfates in the carbon number range of C6 to C12 are possible on the IonPac AS11 anion-exchange column using a 40:60 acetonitrile-water, LiOH eluent with post-column suppression and conductivity detection. Typical detection limits for alkane sulfonates and alkyl sulfates are about 14 pmol. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) homologs can be separated and partial separation of LAS positional isomers is also possible.
Improving the comprehensiveness and sensitivity of sheathless capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry for proteomic analysis.

We describe a solid phase microextraction (SPME), multistep elution, transient isotachophoresis (tITP) capillary electrophoresis–tandem mass spectrometry (CE–MS/MS) procedure which employs a high sensitivity porous electrospray ionization (ESI) sprayer for the proteomic analysis of a moderately complex protein mixture. In order to improve comprehensiveness and sensitivity over a previously reported proteomic application of the ESI sprayer, we evaluated preconcentration with SPME and multistep elution prior to tITP stacking and CE separation. To maximize separation efficiency, we primarily employed electrokinetic methods for elution and separation after loading the sample by application of pressure. Conditions were developed for optimum simultaneous electrokinetic elution and sample stacking using a tryptic digest of 16 proteins to maximize peptide identifications and minimize band broadening. We performed comparative proteomic analysis of a dilution series using CE and nanoflow liquid chromatography (nLC)...
Explicit Guidance of Ballistic Entry Using Improved Matched Asymptotic Expansions

This study presents a means of explicit guidance for ballistic entry using an improved method of matched asymptotic expansions. The trajectory of ballistic entry into a planetary atmosphere is still an important and often critical phase of a mission. In the paper, feedback control via drag modulation is used to guide the vehicle during the atmospheric entry, whereas a matched asymptotic solution for the entry trajectory is available to aim the target. The feedback control ensures the stability of a trajectory around the nominal trajectory by compensating for the non-linear terms in the motion of the vehicle. Using the improved method of matched asymptotic expansions, the control algorithms for the guidance law are derived explicitly and tested against the 1976 U.S. Standard Atmosphere. Simulation results indicate that the control algorithms can effectively control the trajectories in the lower atmosphere under the targeting dispersions of atmospheric variations.
Maternal influences on body temperature in the infant primate

Abstract The following study investigated the diurnal variation in body temperature of the young monkey infant and assessed the role that the mother plays in the development of the temperature rhythm. Using an implantable biotelemetry system, core body temperature and motoric activity were evaluated in maternally-reared and hand-reared rhesus monkey infants across the first several months of life. Our results indicated that the nocturnal temperatures of hand-reared infants are lower than those of mother-reared infants at one month of age, and that there are persistant differences in the orientation and shape of the diurnal temperature rhythm. The initial thermal challenge and the prolonged rhythm shift may have implications for the normal development of several physiological systems in the hand-reared infant monkey.
Characterization of the performance of commercial Ni/MH batteries

An experimental study is presented for the characterization of commercially available Ni/MH batteries. An experimental study of AA-size cells from Matsushita, Sanyo, and Toshiba was performed to determine the charge and discharge behavior at different rates. The self-discharge characteristics, the cycle-life characteristics, and the effect of temperature on the charge and discharge characteristics are also reported at various rates. Apart from the performance study, a couple of cells from each manufacturer were disassembled to gain insight into the design of the cell and to characterize the separator. The characterization results show that although the three cells were identical in nominal capacity, weight and size, their performance greatly differed in terms of charge and discharge behavior, high rate discharge capabilities, self-discharge losses, charging efficiency, and cycle life.
The shapes of the future are here

Abstract A general framework and methodology for the creation of shape is outlined. The introduction of several new classes of objects, shape operators, and the development of a generalized shape construction is presented. A family of figures and bodies associated with a planar convex polygon and spatial convex polytope are constructed, and include a number of historically interesting and contemporary geometric objects such as the centroid, cross-section, crystal, difference, Petty, polar, podal, projection, intersection, and symmetry figures. Shape operators defined in terms of geometric and mixed functionals are computed and the formulation of natural extremal problems associated with the geometric structures are solved using numerical optimization techniques.
Maintaining the self-renewal and differentiation potential of human CD34+ hematopoietic cells using a single genetic element

Hematopoiesis is a complex process involving hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and lineage commitment decisions that must continue throughout life. Establishing a reproducible technique that allows for the long-term ex vivo expansion of human HSCs and maintains self-renewal and multipotential differentiation will allow us to better understand these processes, and we report the ability of the leukemia-associated AML1-ETO fusion protein to establish such a system. AML1-ETO-transduced human CD34+ hematopoietic cells routinely proliferate in liquid culture for more than 7 months, remain cytokine dependent for survival and proliferation, and demonstrate self-renewal of immature cells that retain both lymphoid and myeloid potential in vitro. These cells continue to express the CD34 cell surface marker and have ongoing telomerase activity with maintenance of telomere ends, however they do not cause leukemia in nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Identification of the signaling pathways that are modulated by AML1-ETO and lead to the self-renewal of immature human progenitor cells may assist in identifying compounds that can efficiently expand human stem and progenitor cells ex vivo.
Correlated physiological and ultrastructural studies on specialized muscles. IIIb. Fine structure of the power-stroke muscle of the swimming leg of Portunus sanguinolentus†

The fine structures of muscle fibers of the white, light pink and deep pink portions of the power-stroke muscle of the swimming leg of Portunus sanguinolentus are described. Although the parts are very different functionally, there are only slight differences in the sarcomere lengths of component fibers. The sub-structures of thick filaments, Z lines, double M lines and sarco plasmic reticulum are also similar. The principal differences between them lies in different numbers of mitochondria which are very numerous in the deep pink fibers, occupying up to half the fiber volume, fairly numerous in light pink fibers, but sparse in white fibers. The mitochondria are responsible for the color differences. Neuromuscular junctions in deep pink fibers lie deeply embedded, close to the contractile material. A slow relaxation rate of pink fibers appears to be related to the presence of the mitochondria.
The Use of Botulinum Toxin A in Idiopathic Overactive Bladder Syndrome

Overactive bladder syndrome continues to be a significant burden for the general population. Current first-line medical therapy often includes antimuscarinic medications designed for overactive bladder. Poor efficacy and significant side effects of these antimuscarinic medications have left patients and physicians looking for alternative treatments. There is increasing evidence that intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin A can effectively treat these patients. We present a current and extensive review of the literature covering the use of botulinum toxin A in patients with overactive bladder with or without idiopathic detrusor overactivity.
A structural examination of the impact of oxygenated side chains in Ephedra compounds in the catalytic asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes

Abstract An investigation of the impact of oxygenated side chains in Ephedra compounds on the catalytic asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes has been conducted. (1R,2S)-Ephedrine and (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine were alkylated with either alkyl halides or β-alkoxyalkyl halides to afford a series of ligands 9a–h and 10a–h. These compounds were employed in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a variety of aldehydes. It was determined that the presence of oxygen could have a negative effect in terms of obtaining high levels of enantiomeric discrimination, but the effect is diminished with higher levels of substitution near the oxygen.
An examination of brand personality through methodological triangulation

Because the brand now occupies a cornerstone position in marketing strategy, the concept of brand personality and its influence on consumer behaviour has emerged as a critically important research topic. Although a few initial explorations in this area document the effects of brand personality, questions about how and why it occurs remain. This paper attempts to replace this void with a cognitive theoretical perspective that borrows from associative memory formulations and anthropomorphism theory. A multi-method qualitative approach is used to triangulate the construct and explore this perspective in the consumer domain. Data provide support for the cognitive account of brand personality and suggest that: (1) brand personality is connected to many other brand associations in consumer memory and accessed through spreading activation; and (2) consumers embrace brands with strong, positive personalities because of a natural human tendency to anthropomorphise nonhuman objects. A discussion describes implications for brand managers generated by this research, and highlights additional complexities of brand personality that warrant further examination.
Proteomic analysis of carbonylated proteins in two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis using avidin‐fluorescein affinity staining

A method for detecting carbonylated proteins in two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was developed using biotinylation and avidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) affinity staining. The method was used to examine oxidatively modified proteins associated with oxidative stress. Carbonyl formation in proteins was first examined in a model system by subjecting bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ribonuclease A (RNase A) to metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO). Carbonyl group formation was found to occur at multiple sites along with a small amount of polypeptide chain cleavage. In vivo studies were conducted in yeast cell cultures using 5 mM hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress. Biotinylation of yeast protein was accomplished during extraction at 4 degrees C in a lysis buffer containing 5 mM biotin-hydrazide. Biotin-hydrazide forms a Schiff base with a carbonyl group on an oxidized protein that is subsequently reduced before electrophoresis. Proteins were separated by either 2-DE or sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Biotinylated species were detected using avidin-FITC affinity staining. Detection sensitivity with biotinylated proteins was five times higher than achieved by silver staining. The limit of detection with avidin-FITC staining approached 0.64 pmol of protein-associated carbonyls. Twenty carbonylated proteins were identified in the proteome of yeast following oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis of tryptic peptides was used to identify peptides extracted from gels. Aconitase, heat shock protein SSA1 and SSC1, pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 1, pyruvate kinase 1, enolase 1 and 2, phosphoglycerate kinase, fructose-bisphosphate aldorase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were among the major targets of oxidative stress.
Stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents activates glutamatergic neurons in the parabrachial nucleus: Relation to neurons containing nNOS

Our previous studies have demonstrated that stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents activates neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a region known to play a role in central integration of cardiovascular autonomic reflexes. However, phenotypes of these activated neurons have not been well identified. Glutamate, an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, is involved in PBN-mediated cardiovascular responses. Recent identification of vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) has provided a novel and unique marker to locate distinctive perikarya of neurons that use glutamate as a neurotransmitter. The action of glutamate in the brain is influenced by nitric oxide. Thus, using triple immunofluorescent labeling, the present study examined expression of c-Fos, an immediate early gene, in the neurons containing VGLUT3 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the PBN following stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents. In anesthetized cats with bilateral barodenervation and cervical vagotomy, topical application of bradykinin (BK, 1-10 microg/ml, 50 microl, n = 6) on the left ventricle was performed six times, every 20 min. Repeated administration of BK elicited consistent increases in blood pressure over a 100 min period while no changes were noted in the animals treated with the vehicle for BK (0.9% saline, n=5). Compared to control cats, c-Fos expression was increased significantly in the cell bodies containing VGLUT3 as well as both VGLUT3 and nNOS in the external lateral PBN (elPBN) in BK-treated animals (all P < 0.01). In addition, using similar triple-staining method, we noted that fibers of activated neurons containing nNOS in the elPBN co-localized with vesicular glutamate transporter 2 following BK stimulation. These data suggest that glutamatergic neurons represent a cell type in the PBN that is activated by stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents. Nitric oxide has the potential to influence the action of glutamatergic neurons in regulation of excitatory cardiovascular responses induced by activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents.
Cell wall hydroxyproline enhancement and lignin deposition as an early event in the resistance of cucumber to Cladosporium cucumerinum

Abstract Increases in hydroxyproline content of cucumber cell walls were associated with resistant, but not susceptible, responses of ten cucumber cultivars to Cladosporium cucumerinum . Histochemical tests showed a similar relationship for lignin deposition. The cell wall hydroxyproline increased beginning within 12–18 h after inoculation of a resistant cultivar but not until after 48 h in a susceptible cultivar. This initial increase in hydroxyproline content of the resistant cultivar corresponded with the time of initial penetration of the pathogen into all cultivars. Hydrolysates of the pathogen did not contain detectable amounts of hydroxyproline.
Effect of hematin in porphyric neuropathy

Early, intravenous administration of hematin in a patient with acute intermittent porphyria and severe quadriparesis may have produced partial but remarkable improvement of neuropathy, and resulted in simultaneous decline of porphyrin precursors in the blood. Intermittent, biweekly hematin infusions given 1 month after the onset of the porphyric relapse had no effect on recovery of the residual neuropathy. We believe hematin may be effective in the treatment of porphyric neuropathy, if administered before irreversible neuronal damage has occured.
Development of a 10-Year-Old Full Body Geometric Dataset for Computational Modeling

The objective of this study was to create a computer-aided design (CAD) geometric dataset of a 10-year-old (10 YO) child. The study includes two phases of efforts. At Phase One, the 10 YO whole body CAD was developed from component computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of 12 pediatric subjects. Geometrical scaling methods were used to convert all component parts to the average size for a 10 YO child, based on available anthropometric data. Then the component surfaces were compiled and integrated into a complete body. The bony structures and flesh were adjusted as symmetrical to minimize the bias from a single subject while maintaining anthropometrical measurements. Internal organs including the liver, spleen, and kidney were further verified by literature data. At Phase Two, internal characteristics for the cervical spine disc, wrist, hand, pelvis, femur, and tibia were verified with data measured from additional 94 10 YO children. The CAD dataset developed through these processes was mostly within the corridor of one standard deviation (SD) of the mean. In conclusion, a geometric dataset for an average size 10 YO child was created. The dataset serves as a foundation to develop computational 10 YO whole body models for enhanced pediatric injury prevention.
A phase-space reconstruction approach to prediction of suspended sediment concentration in rivers

The use of phase-space reconstruction approach for understanding and predicting suspended sediment concentration dynamics in rivers is investigated. According to this approach, the dynamic changes of the suspended sediment concentration phenomenon are represented by reconstructing (or embedding) the single-dimensional (or variable) suspended sediment concentration series in a multi-dimensional phase-space. After representing the dynamics in the phase-space, a local approximation method is employed for making predictions. The approach is employed for representing and predicting the dynamics of the daily suspended sediment concentration observed in the Mississippi River basin (at St. Louis, MO) in the United States of America. The predicted suspended sediment concentrations are found to be in very good agreement with the observed ones; not only are the major trends well captured but the minor (noisy) fluctuations reasonably preserved as well. The near-accurate predictions indicate the appropriateness of the phase-space reconstruction approach for understanding the suspended sediment concentration phenomenon. The results (i.e. optimal embedding dimension) also reveal that the suspended sediment concentration dynamics are dominantly influenced by three variables, suggesting that the suspended sediment concentration (and other sediment transport related) phenomena could be viewed from a low-dimensional chaotic dynamic perspective.
Health-Dev: Model Based Development Pervasive Health Monitoring Systems

Implementing requirements verified body worn medical sensors and smart phones, acting as base stations, in Body Sensor Networks (BSNs), is of extreme importance for development of reliable pervasive health monitoring systems (PHMS). Models of BSNs have been used to analyze designs with respect to requirements such as energy consumption, lifetime, and network reliability under dynamic context changes due to user mobility. This paper proposes Health-Dev that takes a high level specification of requirements verified BSN design and automatically generates both the sensor and smart phone code. Case studies related to energy efficiency and mobility aware network reliability show whether the resulting implementation satisfies the requirements set forth in the design phase.
Negotiating Trust: A Grounded Theory Study of Interpersonal Relationships Between Persons Living With HIV/AIDS and Their Primary Health Care Providers

This grounded theory study is an exploration of long-term interpersonal relationships between patients and their primary health care providers, including physicians and nurse practitioners, in an urban outpatient HIV/AIDS clinic. Many providers believe that the positive interpersonal relationship enhances the health care experience for the patient, but there is a scarcity of research in this area. Persons who are patients were interviewed (N = 14) to look at these relationships from their points of view and develop theory to guide clinicians in forming such relationships. Theoretical sampling was used to find patients in this clinic population involved in long-term relationships with their providers. Open-ended interviews were conducted. These data were coded using the grounded theory method of constant comparative analysis. A basic process of negotiating trust was identified. Trust in these relationships is a state that is dynamic, volatile, and constantly renegotiated during the trajectory of the relationship through time. The trusting relationship is personally supportive for patients and may be a factor in the satisfaction found among health care providers in this clinical field despite the nature of this epidemic.
Influence of Cooking Broiler Meat in Water on Tenderness and Percentage Moisture

Abstract MANY factors related to the processing and preparation of poultry meat influence the tenderness of the product. Those factors demonstrated to have a role in tenderness include picking methods, Klose et al. (1956), high scald temperature, Shannon et al. (1957), cutting of muscle tissue, Koonz et al. (1954), degree of struggling, Dodge and Stadelman (1960), and freezing before cooking as compared to freezing after cooking, Mickelberry and Stadelman (1960). A major influence of tenderness is the amount of moisture retained in the final product. The loss of moisture during cooking was found to vary with the age and strain of the bird, Dawson et al. (1958), with cooking temperature, Monk et al. (1964), and to the dryness and hardness of cooked beef tissue, Ritchey (1965). Essary et al. (1967)* reported that cooking broiler meat while on the bone as compared to meat free of the bone caused a significant difference . . .
Extension of a Kolmogorov Atmospheric Turbulence Model for Time-Based Simulation Implementation

The development of any super/hypersonic aircraft requires the interaction of a wide variety of technical disciplines to maximize vehicle performance. For flight and engine control system design and development on this class of vehicle, realistic mathematical simulation models of atmospheric turbulence, including winds and the varying thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere, are needed. A model which has been tentatively selected by a government/industry group of flight and engine/inlet controls representatives working on the High Speed Civil Transport is one based on the Kolmogorov spectrum function. This report compares the Dryden and Kolmogorov turbulence forms, and describes enhancements that add functionality to the selected Kolmogorov model. These added features are: an altitude variation of the eddy dissipation rate based on Dryden data, the mapping of the eddy dissipation rate database onto a regular latitude and longitude grid, a method to account for flight at large vehicle attitude angles, and a procedure for transitioning smoothly across turbulence segments.
Lifestyle and Clinical Health Behaviors and PSA Tests

Abstract This study assessed the association of lifestyle and clinical health behaviors with prostate specific antigen (PSA) tests. The study used cross-sectional data from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We used Stata 8.0 to take into account the complex sample design in analyses. Both lifestyle and clinical health behaviors were associated with PSA use. Life style behaviors associated with PSA use include not smoking, moderate or no drinking, regular seatbelt use, and leisure physical activity. Clinical health behaviors associated with PSA use were influenza vaccines and colorectal cancer screening. The strongest associations were with colorectal cancer screening and access to care. The strong alignment of PSA testing with positive health behaviors suggests men view PSA tests as protective. This perspective may complicate health education messages to support informed decision making about prostate cancer screening.
A queueing approach to multi-site enzyme kinetics

Multi-site enzymes, defined as where multiple substrate molecules can bind simultaneously to the same enzyme molecule, play a key role in a number of biological networks, with the Escherichia coli protease ClpXP a well-studied example. These enzymes can form a low latency ‘waiting line’ of substrate to the enzyme's catalytic core, such that the enzyme molecule can continue to collect substrate even when the catalytic core is occupied. To understand multi-site enzyme kinetics, we study a discrete stochastic model that includes a single catalytic core fed by a fixed number of substrate binding sites. A natural queueing systems analogy is found to provide substantial insight into the dynamics of the model. From this, we derive exact results for the probability distribution of the enzyme configuration and for the distribution of substrate departure times in the case of identical but distinguishable classes of substrate molecules. Comments are also provided for the case when different classes of substrate molecules are not processed identically.
THE FROSTING OF GLASS BY MIXTURES CONTAINING HYDROFLUORIC ACID AND ALKALI FLUORIDES1

In this paper a number of experiments are described confirming the protection theory of acid frosting. A description is given also of an etching cell by means of which it is possible to observe, through a microscope, the initial stages and the progress of events during the acid etching of glass surfaces. A theory of the fortification or strengthening of abraded and acid-etched surfaces is proposed and illustrated.
Adolescents’ visions of their future careers, educational plans, and life pathways The role of bridging and bonding social capital experiences

This study investigates the experiences and life aspirations of adolescents based on interview data collected from primarily first-generation high school students in three Midwestern suburban and rural towns (N = 43) using a social capital framework. We explore adolescents’ descriptions of experiences that represent new or different careers, cultures, and life paths and how they talk about their future professional and educational aspirations. Our participants were exposed to new possible careers, cultures, and life paths from both online and offline experiences, such as study abroad, online gaming, and some uses of social media. Online networks that primarily reflected offline connections, such as Facebook, were less likely to provide these experiences.
Las Lupes oaxaqueñas:obligaciones familiares y económicas

El presente articulo es resultado de una investigacion mas extensa realizada entre 1996 y 2000 con trabajadoras sexuales en la ciudad de Oaxaca de Juarez, capital de uno de los estados mas pobres del pais. La autora se pregunta por las condiciones de vida de las trabajadoras y por las razones que las llevaron a optar por este trabajo. ?Que dicen las trabajadoras sexuales sobre las obligaciones economicas, y las relaciones sociales que establecen? ?Cuales son las condiciones de su trabajo y su vida? ?Que planes tienen para su propio futuro y para el bienestar de sus dependientes?
Improving transport design for WARP SDR deployments

Software-Defined radios (SDRs) are a popular platform for developing and implementing wireless protocols. Their basic architecture consists of radio front-ends hosted on an FGPA board, and a back-end processing host for running bulk of the signal processing in software. The two components are bridged, usually by an Ethernet or PCIe interface that transports the radio samples. In addition to the processing delay in software, SDRs may experience a non-negligible transport latency, for example, due to the limited Ethernet bandwidth.Wireless-Access Research Platform (WARP) is one such SDR platform that has recently gained a lot of attention. Research prototypes deploying tens of WARP radios over the Ethernet have become a familiar sight. WARP's transport design, however, is inefficient due to its linear increase in transport latency with the number of radios. We propose modifications to improve the current design. First, we utilize functional parallelism to run the read/write operations of multiple WARP radios concurrently. Second, we propose a high-bandwidth link at the host in order to support the combined transfer rates resulting from the parallel transport to/from the radios. As a result, we achieve a significant reduction in the transport latency by scaling back the linear increase to a constant overhead.