cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Outcomes after Peripheral Blood Haploidentical versus Matched Unrelated Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Single-Center Review

Abstract Recent studies comparing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using HLA-matched unrelated donors (MUD) versus HLA-haploidentical donors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have suggested equivalent outcomes. The graft source used in most studies of haploidentical transplants has been bone marrow. Similar comparisons between MUD and haplo-HCT using peripheral blood as a graft source have not been adequately performed. We reviewed the records of all 52 AML patients who underwent haplo-HCT (using peripheral blood and post-transplantation high-dose cyclophosphamide) between January 2010 and August 2015 at our institution and compared their outcomes with 88 patients who had a MUD transplant in the same time frame and were frequency matched (preanalysis) to the haploidentical group for conditioning intensity. Multivariate analysis found no difference in outcomes between the 2 groups with the exception of slower count recovery after haploidentical allografts (HR, .48; 95% CI, .32 to .74 for platelets, and HR, .47; 95% CI, .32 to .71 for neutrophils; P
Spare Block Cache Architecture to Enable Low-Voltage Operation

Power consumption is a major concern for modern processors. Voltage scaling is one of the most effective mechanisms to reduce power consumption. However, voltage scaling is limited by large memory structures, such as caches, where many cells can fail at low voltage operation. As a result, voltage scaling is limited by a minimum voltage (Vccmin), below which the processor may not operate reliably. Researchers have proposed architectural mechanisms, error detection and correction techniques, and circuit solutions to allow the cache to operate reliably at low voltages. Architectural solutions reduce cache capacity at low voltages at the expense of logic complexity. Circuit solutions change the SRAM cell organization and have the disadvantage of reducing the cache capacity (for the same area) even when the system runs at a high voltage. Error detection and correction mechanisms use Error Correction Codes (ECC) codes to keep the cache operation reliable at low voltage, but have the disadvantage of increasing cache access time. In this thesis, we propose a novel architectural technique that uses spare cache blocks to back up a set-associative cache at low voltage. In our mechanism, we perform memory tests at low voltage to detect errors in all cache lines and tag them as faulty or fault-free. We have designed shifter and adder circuits for our architecture, and evaluated our design using the SimpleScalar simulator. We constructed a fault model for our design to find the cache set failure probability at low voltage. Our evaluation shows that, at 485mV, our designed cache operates with an equivalent bit failure probability to a
Research on the effectiveness of teaching individuals with autism spectrum disorder to ask questions demonstrates clear methodology of intervention, but further research is required to promote generalization of these skills

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Raulston, T., Carnett, A., Lang, R, Tostanoski, A., Lee, A., Machalicek, W., Sigafoos, J., O’Reilly, M., Didden, R., & Lancioni, G. E. (2013). Teaching individuals with autism spectrum disorder to ask questions: A systematic review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, 866–878.Sources of funding and declaration of interests: No conflicts and sources of funding reported.
‘Measure to yourself a prophet’s place’

In Book II of Aurora Leigh, Elizabeth Barrett Browning has her male protagonist, Romney Leigh, voice a number of Victorian stereotypes about women poets. Because it was assumed that women could not ‘understand’ philosophical, theoretical or abstract ideas, and because women were seen as creatures of their own emotional responses, women were rarely granted the cultural authority to speak prophetically, to voice their own experience as an authoritative mode ‘to teach the living’. Defined as essentially non-prophetic in their very existence, women were thus excluded from being the dominant figure for the poet in the period. For in order to be a poet/prophet, a speaker must be understood as moving between two realms, the earthly, individual realm and the universal, divine realm; likewise, he must be able to move between two rhetorical realms, private devotional utterance and public persuasive utterance. In Victorian England, those realms tended to be gender specific, coded female and male respectively. And while many male poets constructed their lyric identities by balancing those two rhetorical modes, Romney’s speech in Book II of Aurora Leigh re-creates the scorn and censure women poets faced when they dared to ‘measure [themselves] to a prophet’s place’ in Victorian England.
Apoplastic carbohydrates do not account for differences in freezing tolerance of two winter-oat cultivars that have been second phase cold-hardened

Concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were compared in crown tissue of two oat (Avena sativd) cultivars which differed in their response to second-phase cold hardening. The apoplastic fluid from plants which had been hardened at above freezing temperatures (first phase cold hardening) contained 2% of the total crown carbohydrate. After one day of exposure to second phase hardening the carbohydrate percentage in the apoplast increased to 15% of total carbohydrates. Apoplastic carbohydrate concentrations in the two cultivars, however, were not significantly different from each other at any time period. An increase in apoplastic sugars may be a ubiquitous mechanism of winter cereals which allows them to survive below freezing temperatures where other mechanisms provide tolerance to more extreme temperatures.
Establishment of a suite of assays that support the discovery of proteasome stimulators.

Abstract Background The proteasome catalyzes the degradation of many mis-folded proteins, which are otherwise cytotoxic. There is interest in the discovery of proteasome agonists, but previous efforts to do so have been disappointing. Methods The cleavage of small fluorogenic peptides is used routinely as an assay to screen for proteasome modulators. We have developed follow-on assays that employ more physiologically relevant substrates. Results To demonstrate the efficacy of this workflow, the NIH Clinical Collection (NCC) was screened. While many compounds stimulated proteasome-mediated proteolysis of the pro-fluorogenic peptide substrates, most failed to evince activity in assays with larger peptide or protein substrates. We also show that two molecules claimed previously to be proteasome agonists, oleuropein and betulinic acid, indeed accelerate hydrolysis of the fluorogenic substrate, but have no effect on the turnover of a mis-folded protein in vitro or in cellulo. However, two small molecules from the NCC, MK-866 and AM-404, stimulate the proteasome-mediated turnover of a mis-folded protein in living cells by 3- to 4-fold. Conclusion Assays that monitor the proteasome-mediated degradation of larger peptides and proteins can distinguish bona fide agonists from compounds only able to stimulate the cleavage of short, non-physiologically relevant peptides. General significance A suite of assays has been established that allows the discovery of bona fide proteasome agonists. AM-404 and MK-866 can be useful tools for cell culture experiments, and can serve as scaffolds to generate more potent 20S stimulators.
Graphic health warnings as activators of social networks: A field experiment among individuals of low socioeconomic position

Abstract Rationale Graphic health warnings (GHWs) on cigarette packages present an important tobacco control opportunity, particularly for vulnerable populations suffering a disproportionate tobacco burden. One mechanism by which GHWs may influence smoking outcomes is by prompting interpersonal discussions within health discussion networks (the set of personal contacts with whom an individual discusses health issues). Objective The study examined the association between GHW-prompted conversations within health discussion networks and key tobacco-related outcomes, with attention to valence and content of the discussions. Method Between August 2013 and April 2014, we recruited 1200 individuals from three communities in Massachusetts, emphasizing recruitment of individuals of low socioeconomic position (SEP) and members of other selected vulnerable groups. Respondents were exposed to the nine GHWs proposed by the FDA in 2011, asked a series of questions, and assessed at follow-up a few weeks later. Results A total of 806 individuals were included in this analysis. About 51% of respondents reported having a health discussion network, with significantly lower reports among African-Americans and Hispanics compared to Whites. Around 70% of respondents (smokers and nonsmokers) with health discussion networks reported having one or more conversations about the GHWs with network members, the bulk of which were negative and focused on warning others about smoking. For smokers, we found a small but positive association between the percentage of network conversations that were negative and reports of quit attempts. Conclusion The results point to a potential mechanism by which GHWs may impact tobacco-related outcomes, prompting further inquiry into the role of health discussion networks (and discussion networks, more broadly) in tobacco control among low SEP individuals.
Human Hepatocarcinoma Cell Targeting by Glypican-3 Ligand Peptide Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles: Implications for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are widely studied nanomaterials for their potential employment in advanced biomedical applications, such as selective molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery. SiNPs are generally low cost and highly biocompatible, can be easily functionalized with a wide variety of functional ligands, and have been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing ultrasound contrast at clinical diagnostic frequencies. Therefore, SiNPs might be used as contrast agents in echographic imaging. In this work, we have developed a SiNPs-based system for the in vitro molecular imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma cells that express high levels of glypican-3 protein (GPC-3) on their surface. In this regard, a novel GPC-3 targeting peptide was designed and conjugated to fluorescent silica nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties, acoustic behavior, and biocompatibility profile of the functionalized SiNPs were characterized; then binding and uptake of both naked and functionalized SiNPs were analyzed ...
Dalit Literary Narratives

Literature about Dalits and by Dalits is a huge body of writing today. Autobiographical accounts as well as testimonies by Dalit writers from all over India have already been looked at as genres that locate personal as well as the suffering of a mass of people within the larger discourse of human rights. The present paper attempts to examine literary narratives by Dalits and place them as evidence of atrocities committed against them. The paper will also look closely at Dalit stories as typifying the Dalit lived experience. The stories also throw light on the rich and varied culture of these subaltern castes. It is worth noting that there seems to be a hierarchy even among the various kinds of Dalits. The literature analysed will cover stories that show the range of experiences and the cultural identity of the Dalits. The Dalit literary narrative will be looked at as a document that records the suffering of the marginalised and, therefore, as something that is different from a sociological study of the Dalits as an oppressed class. Themes like the right to property and the right to be treated with respect will be looked at. Issues like the Dalit woman as being a victim of double marginalisation will also be part of the focus of this paper.
The Relationship among Achievement Goals, Standardized Test Scores, and Elementary Students' Focus in School.

The study examined whether an academic, social, or both an academic and social focus might relate with achievement goals and academic achievement. Participants were 412 urban elementary school students. Results suggest that students with an academic focus toward school have more mastery-approach and less mastery-avoid achievement goals. Academic achievement (standardized test scores) did not relate with boys’ or girls’ focus toward school. These findings suggest that academic motivation, but not achievement, correspond with self-perceptions of school as being a place to learn or school as a place for social interactions.
Application of microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalysis in sustainable synthesis design

An overview of recent advances, mainly focusing on the past 5–6 years, in microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalysis is provided. The work includes three major parts; (i) a survey of traditional and new, bio-, often waste-inspired catalysts for potential large scale processes and current issues in microwave chemistry, such as the energy efficiency and scale up of such reactions, (ii) applications with solid acid/base catalysts and (iii) transition metal-catalyzed reactions. In the application part of the survey the examples are presented by major reaction types. Given the nature of the work the focus is placed on sustainable applications and individual examples will be evaluated regarding to their potential contribution to green synthesis.
A Multiscale, Transit-Oriented Development Definition Based on Context-Sensitive Paradigm

This study investigates the connection between transit-oriented development (TOD) input and output and proposes a multiscale TOD definition to address the underutilization of the definition in binary TOD–non-TOD. Data about neighborhood characteristics, a regional travel survey, and two experts’ surveys are used to select and rate variables that impact communities in a study of 33 neighborhoods in Baltimore City, Maryland. Defining scaled-TOD is still nascent and very subjective at this moment because what affects TOD—infrastructure and policies—is controlled and managed by agencies that do not use TOD performance data (outputs) that depend on the users’ personal choice. TOD outputs such as reduced vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or increased transit ridership depend on the users’ choice based on their perception of the effective quality and accessibility of the infrastructure (inputs). Thus, a scaled definition can explain, with a range, the relationship between various components of a context-sensitive par...
Estimating Discrete Games

This paper provides a critical review of the methods for estimating static discrete games and their relevance for quantitative marketing. We discuss the various modeling approaches, alternative assumptions, and relevant trade-offs involved in taking these empirical methods to data. We consider both games of complete and incomplete information, examine the primary methods for dealing with the coherency problems introduced by multiplicity of equilibria, and provide concrete examples from the literature. We illustrate the mechanics of estimation using a real world example and provide the computer code and dataset with which to replicate our results.
LAD in Linear Regression

Let Z = (X,Y) ∈ Rk+1 be a random vector whose components obey the linear model $$ \begin{gathered} Y = {a_1}{X_1} + \cdots + {a_k}{x_k} + U \hfill \\ = + U \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ (1) where a ∈ Rk and the random variable U, E(U) = m, are given. If X and ∪ are independent E(U|X) = E(U) almost surely, and $$ E(\underline Y \underline X ) = + m\quad a.s. $$ (2)
VIRILIZATION IN A 45, X/46, Xr(X)/46, Xde1(X)(p21: ;q11:) FEMALE

A 14 1/2 year old female with short stature, bone age 12, Tanner I breasts, pubic hair and clitoromegaly (3.5 x 1.5 cm) was studied. Lymphocyte karyotypes were 45,X/46,Xr(X)/46,Xdel(X) (p21:;q11). Abdominal and pelvic sonogram and CTT were normal. Elevated and fixed levels of serum testosterone were noted. There was indication of expression of H-Y antigen in blood lymphocytes evaluated in the ELISA. Bilateral streak gonads were surgically removed and contained multiple clusters of Leydig cells. Postoperatively the T level decreased to 13 ng/dl. Thus, in the patient's gonads there was evidence of functional Leydig cells in the absence of a Y line. Presence of H-Y antigen may define a group of patients with gonadal dysgenesis who are at risk for development of gonadoblastoma.
Measurement Error and Reliability

The common perception of behavioral data collection as a subjective process, data being largely descriptive and not amenable to quantitative analysis, is false. The clearly defined methods of observational sampling provide the necessary framework within which to collect quantitative behavioral data. However, as with any scientific endeavor, such methods are subject to various sources of error. It is important to recognize these sources of error in order to control them during the data collection process. Techniques exist to address these various sources of error and bias, and enable behavioral researchers to compile data that are reliable, repeatable, and unbiased.
Unauthentic IC Countermeasures for Future Integrity of the Semiconductor Supply Chain

A two-level classification of unauthentic ICs into counterfeits and Trojan-bearing ICs is discussed that separates perpetuators driven by financial incentives from those driven by a disruptive payload goal. A method is discussed for practically introducing fingerprints into any IC that eliminates incentives for the more prevalent counterfeit IC problem.
Treatment of late Patella Baja after an otherwise routine total knee arthroplasty.

Abstract There is very little data on the incidence or treatment options for late developing patella baja following uncomplicated total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this article we present the course, surgical treatment, rationale, and one-year outcome of our treatment of this complication with extensor mechanism allograft reconstruction. In our patient, the index TKA produced good results in the early postoperative period, but the patient went on to develop pain, decreased range of motion (ROM), and patella baja, which was resistant to extensive physical therapy and MUA. This was treated successfully with an extensor mechanism allograft, which restored normal patellar height relationships.
Topic management and student initiation in an advanced Chinese-as-a-foreign-language classroom

The focus of this article is on topic management and student initiation in the context of an advanced university-level Chinese-as-a-foreign-language class. Drawing on a corpus of 17.5 h of video-re...
University students’ mobile news consumption activities and evaluative/affective reactions to political news during election campaigns: A diary study:

Smartphones have now become routinely used tools for people’s everyday life news consumption. This article presents a diary study involving 49 university students in the United States documenting t...
Adversarial Learning Attacks on Graph-based IoT Malware Detection Systems

IoT malware detection using control flow graph (CFG)-based features and deep learning networks are widely explored. The main goal of this study is to investigate the robustness of such models against adversarial learning. We designed two approaches to craft adversarial IoT software: off-the-shelf methods and Graph Embedding and Augmentation (GEA) method. In the off-the-shelf adversarial learning attack methods, we examine eight different adversarial learning methods to force the model to misclassification. The GEA approach aims to preserve the functionality and practicality of the generated adversarial sample through a careful embedding of a benign sample to a malicious one. Intensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, showing that off-the-shelf adversarial attack methods are able to achieve a misclassification rate of 100%. In addition, we observed that the GEA approach is able to misclassify all IoT malware samples as benign. The findings of this work highlight the essential need for more robust detection tools against adversarial learning, including features that are not easy to manipulate, unlike CFG-based features. The implications of the study are quite broad, since the approach challenged in this work is widely used for other applications using graphs.
Infertility, Gravidity, and Risk Of Diabetes among High-Risk Women in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study

OBJECTIVE The extent to which infertility and pregnancy independently increase risk of diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis is not known. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and the DPP Outcomes Study over a 15-year period. We included women who answered questions about gravidity and infertility at baseline (n = 2085). Infertility was defined as > 1 year of unsuccessful attempts to conceive; thus, women could have histories of infertility as well as pregnancy. Risk of diabetes associated with gravidity and infertility was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, treatment arm, body mass index, and pregnancy during the study. Among women who underwent assessment of coronary artery calcification (CAC) (n = 1337), odds of CAC were calculated using logistic regression models with similar covariates. RESULTS Among premenopausal women (n = 1075), women with histories of pregnancy and infertility (n = 147; hazard ratio [HR] 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30, 2.49) and women with histories of pregnancy without infertility (n = 736; HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.15, 1.93) had greater diabetes risk than nulligravid women without infertility (n = 173). Premenopausal nulligravid women with histories of infertility had a non-significant elevation in risk, although the number of these women was small (n = 19; HR 1.63; 95% CI 0.88, 3.03). Associations were not observed among postmenopausal women (n = 1010). No associations were observed between infertility or pregnancy with CAC. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy, particularly combined with a history of infertility, confers increased risk of diabetes but not CAC among glucose-intolerant premenopausal women.
GeoChronR – an R package to model, analyze and visualize age-uncertain paleoscientific data

Abstract. Chronological uncertainty is a hallmark of the paleosciences. While many tools have been made available to researchers to quantify age uncertainties suitable for various settings and assumptions, disparate tools and output formats often discourage integrative approaches. In addition, associated tasks like propagating age model uncertainties to subsequent analyses, and visualizing the results, have received comparatively little attention in the literature and available software. Here we describe GeoChronR, an open-source R package to facilitate these tasks. GeoChronR is built around emerging data standards for the paleosciences (Linked PaleoData, or LiPD), and offers access to four popular age modeling techniques (Bacon, BChron, Oxcal, BAM). The output of these models is used to support ensemble-aware analyses, quantifying the impact of chronological uncertainties on common analyses like age-uncertain correlation, regression, principal component, and spectral analyses. We present five real-world use cases to illustrate how GeoChronR may be used to facilitate these tasks, to visualize the results in intuitive ways, and to store the results for further analysis, promoting transparency and reusability.
Accidental radicalism: Toward a multidisciplinary intellectual history of the early Enlightenment

To reconstruct the Planer Affair, it would probably be useful to take account of the letters from Planer to Valentin Ernst Loscher, now in the SUB Hamburg (Sup. Ep. 76, 251-302). They include four ...
Long-term, medium spatial resolution annual land surface phenology with a Bayesian hierarchical model

Abstract Land surface phenology (LSP) is a consistent and sensitive indicator of climate change effects on Earth's vegetation. Existing methods of estimating LSP require time series densities that, until recently, have only been available from coarse spatial resolution imagery such as MODIS (500 m) and AVHRR (1 km). LSP products from these datasets have improved our understanding of phenological change at the global scale, especially over the MODIS era (2001-present). Nevertheless, these products may obscure important finer scale spatial patterns and longer-term changes. Therefore, we have developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to retrieve complete annual sequences of LSP from Landsat imagery (1984-present), which has medium spatial resolution (30 m) but relatively sparse temporal frequency. Our approach uses Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling to quantify individual phenometric uncertainty, which is especially important when considering long time series with variable observation quality and density, but has rarely been demonstrated. The estimated spring LSP had strong agreement with ground phenology records at Harvard Forest (R2 = 0.87) and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (R2 = 0.67). The estimated LSP were consistent with the recently released 30 m LSP product, MSLSP30NA, in its time period of 2016 to 2018 (R2 of 0.86 and 0.73 for spring and autumn phenology, respectively). Our Bayesian hierarchical model is an important step forward in extending medium resolution LSP records back in time as it accomplishes both critical goals of retrieving annual LSP from sparse time series and accurately estimating uncertainty.
Outcomes of a two-visit protocol for long acting reversible contraception for adolescents and young adults.

Purpose To examine outcomes of a 2-visit protocol for placement of intrauterine or subdermal contraception. Methods We identified all women ages 15 to 27 who received an order for an intrauterine or subdermal contraceptive between January 2014−December 2016. We examined time from order to contraceptive placement and reasons for incomplete orders. Results We identified 1,192 unique patients who received 1,323 orders for intrauterine or subdermal contraceptives; 68% were completed at a second visit. The median time from order to placement was 22 days (interquartile range = 15−35). Of incomplete orders, 41% were related to logistics of a subsequent visit. Twenty-eight percent of patients had a subsequent pregnancy within the study period. Conclusions Efforts to provide same-day access for all contraceptive methods are needed.
Inflexible and Stubborn? Analyst evaluations of long-term orientation in family and nonfamily firms

Financial analysts provide recommendations about a firm’s earnings potential based on relevant aspects of a firm’s strategy. Despite the dangers of myopic short-termism, analysts may look unfavorab...
Punkte und Strecken

Es sei A(x 1l y 1) der Anfangspunkt, B(x 2; y 2) der Endpunkt der Strecke A B. Projiziert man A B auf die Koordinatenachsen, so sind die Projektionen gegeben durch $$\begin{array}{l} A'B' = {x_2} - {x_1}, \\ A''B'' = {y_2} - {y_1}\\ \end{array} $$ .
Essential tremor in childhood: a series of nineteen cases.

One in 20 essential tremor (ET) cases arises during childhood. We report 19 pediatric ET cases (mean age = 12.7 years). The majority (68.4%) were male, and only one had head tremor. Childhood and adult forms of ET may differ in several important respects, providing information about the underlying biology of ET. A possible male preponderance in childhood ET cases could reflect a modification of disease expression by gender, such that males manifest the disease at an earlier age than females. A paucity of childhood cases with head tremor suggests that the neuropathological changes in ET may evolve somatotopically. Head tremor may require midline or more extensive bilateral pathology which may only occur later in the disease.
Inhibition of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by L-3,3',5-triiodothyronine.

Abstract Triiodothyronine has been found to inhibit horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase competitively with respect to NAD+ and NADH; the φ1 and φ'1 values are increased 10-fold in the presence of 10 µm triiodothyronine. The dissociation constant for the enzyme-inhibitor complex was determined spectrofluorometrically by competitive titration and found to be 6.7 µm. The competitive inhibition constant determined kinetically was 6.3 to 6.6 µm. The stoichiometry of binding was determined by measuring protein fluorescence quenching in the presence of triiodothyronine, and it was found that 1 mole of triiodothyronine binds per eq of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Yonetani-Theorell plots show that triiodothyronine hinders the binding of ADP-ribose, but not that of 1,10-phenanthroline, which is known to chelate zinc in liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Evidence suggests that triiodothyronine interferes with coenzyme binding by blocking the binding site of the ADP-ribose portion of the coenzyme.
Using a Narrative Lens to Understand Empathy and How it Matters in Judging

The questions of what empathy is, how it may function in judicial decisions, and its relationship to concepts of emotion, identity, and experience, continue to challenge thinking about how and why a capacity for empathy may matter in judging. Drawing on the framework for narrative analysis developed in Anthony Amsterdam and Jerome Bruner’s Minding the Law, this article seeks to elucidate what the addition of empathy — a multifaceted concept including both emotional and cognitive dimensions — can offer to judging. I use a narrative analysis to illuminate the workings or absence of empathy in two Supreme Court opinions decided in the same term of the Rehnquist court — DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services and Michael H. v. Gerald D. Both cases required the Court to address the scope of “liberty” under the Due Process Clause, and both presented compelling facts implicating family relationships involving judicial review of (in DeShaney) a state’s failure to intervene in, and (in Michael H.) a failure to entertain, a father-child relationship. Using a narrative lens, I first consider the DeShaney majority’s efforts to neutralize what it characterized as the “tragic” facts of parental abuse with a flat narrative of the law that drew a bright line between the Department of Social Services’ challenged failure to act and legal liability (an approach that Amsterdam and Bruner would refer to as "category-centered"). I consider the differences in narrative perspective between the majority opinion and Justice Brennan’s dissent, and the alleged emotionalism of Justice Blackmun’s separate dissenting opinion. These dissents, I argue, offer a distinct “due process” narrative about the choices entailed in judicial interpretation. They illuminate the link between a capacity for empathy and what Amsterdam and Bruner would describe as a more context-sensitive, situation-centered mode of interpretation. I then turn to the plurality and principal dissenting opinion in Michael H. v. Gerald D. Applying the tools of narrative analysis, I consider how an exercise of empathy evident in Justice Brennan’s more situation-centered dissent could have contributed to the plurality’s category-centered understanding of Michael H.’s efforts to formalize a parental relationship with a child who, under a presumption of legitimacy, was recognized as the child of another. Both cases illustrate the divisions in interpretive frameworks that existed within the Court at that time, divisions that were reflected in part in the widely diverging narratives of the main and dissenting opinions. If both situation-centered and category-centered judges use narratives to convey their legal rationales and interpretive approaches, I conclude that the quality of the narratives, marked by differences in the level of attention to detail and the capacity to imagine and capture different perspectives, will offer evidence of the extent to which empathy is at work, for whom, and to what end.
Observations on electrical activity of the pregnant uterus, not in labor.

Abstract 1.1. Electrical activity associated with the uterus can be demonstrated in pregnancy prior to labor. 2.2. In late pregnancy, from the thirty-fifth week onward, a high level of electrical activity is reached, signaling the approaching onset of labor. 3.3. The very great variability and relative lack of pattern may suggest multiple foci and localized events, or sporadic pacemaker activity. 4.4. Appearance of major diphasic slow waves probably indicates the conduction and spread of excitation waves. 5.5. It appears that, toward the end of gestation, pacemaker activity, conduction of the excitation waves, and muscular response are activated in that order. 6.6. From the thirty-fifth week onward, this epoch electrically speaking may have the physiologic function of preparation for the end of gestation by means of favoring activation of pacemaker, conduction, and response, and possibly the establishment of the hegemony of a single pacemaker.
Pulse NMR study of structural characteristics of temperature-sensitive hydrogel

The proton relaxation behavior of a temperature-sensitive gel, observed through using a pulse NMR technique, was related to the structural characteristics of the gel. As the temperature increased, the pore size of the gel decreased gradually while the relaxation time constants, T and T, showed different patterns of change. It is believed that the proton relaxation was affected by a direct temperature effect and an indirect, temperature-related structural effect. The response of the protons to these effects varied depending on where the protons resided. A sudden increase in several NMR parameter values occurred at around 30°C, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). This may be related to a transition state of the gel undergoing dramatic local non-uniform changes around the LCST.
The AMOS cell - An improved metal-semiconductor solar cell

A new fabrication process is being developed which significantly improves the efficiency of metal-semiconductor solar cells. The resultant effect, a marked increase in the open-circuit voltage, is produced by the addition of an interfacial layer oxide on the semiconductor. Cells using gold on n-type gallium arsenide have been made in small areas (0.17 sq cm) with conversion efficiencies of 15% in terrestrial sunlight.
Predicting bilingual Spanish-English children's phonological awareness abilities from their preschool English and Spanish oral language.

In 2008, Latino children constituted 22% of the school-age population in the United States, with 68% speaking a language other than English at home (Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, 2010). Children from homes in which English is not the primary language and children of low socioeconomic status have been shown to be at risk of poor reading outcomes (Snow, Burns & Griffin, 1998). Approximately 29% of Latino children in the United States live in poverty, placing them at risk of reading difficulties (Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, 2010). Because Latino students constitute the fastest growing population in the United States (Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, 2010), there is a critical need to understand factors that impact their reading outcomes. In particular, a better understanding of the relationship between oral language and emergent literacy skills is necessary. Phonological awareness, which refers to the ability to reflect upon and manipulate the sound structure of language, is one of the most widely researched emergent literacy skills. Phonological awareness has been found to predict future reading abilities in monolingual English-speaking children (Anthony, Williams, McDonald & Francis, 2007; Goswami, 2001; Lonigan, Burgess, Anthony & Barker, 1998; Wagner, Torgesen & Rashotte, 1994) as well as bilingual children (Chiappe, Siegel & Gottardo, 2002; Durgunoglu, Nagy & Hancin-Bhatt, 1993; Gottardo, 2002; Jimenez-Gonzalez, 1997). Furthermore, deficits in phonological awareness have been linked to delays in word-level reading abilities in monolingual and bilingual children (DaFontoura & Siegel, 1995; Stanovich, 1994). Children often do not demonstrate the phonological awareness skills that are most predictive of later reading abilities until they are 4 or 5 years old. This implies that children with phonological awareness deficits may not be identified until they begin to receive early literacy instruction, leaving little time for remediation before the expectation of word-level reading. Therefore, it is important to investigate predictors of phonological awareness to facilitate earlier identification of children at risk of reading difficulties, including bilingual children from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
DNA microarrays and bacterial gene expression.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the construction and utilization of two-color-spotted DNA microarrays in the analysis of bacterial gene expression. These microarrays consist of either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products or long oligonucleotides spotted on an amine-coated glass surface. The chapter reviews the DNA microarrays holding much promise as a tool to approach biological problems on a genome-wide level. The ability to investigate regulatory networks on a whole-genome level is already providing key insights in transcription factor function. The microarray field is a fast-changing area in which many new technical and statistical tools are being developed at a rapid pace. Because of the diverse technical and analytical challenges encountered when using microarrays, a team effort with expertise in biology, bioinformatics, and statistics is required to successfully utilize this technology and incorporate new advances.
Maintenance Therapy with Decitabine after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Abstract Decitabine is a hypomethylating agent that irreversibly inhibits DNA methyltransferase I, inducing leukemic differentiation and re-expression of epigenetically silenced putative tumor antigens. We assessed safety and efficacy of decitabine maintenance after allogeneic transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Decitabine maintenance may help eradicate minimal residual disease, decrease the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and facilitate a graft-versus-leukemia effect by enhancing the effect of T regulatory lymphocytes. Patients with AML/MDS in complete remission (CR) after allotransplantation started decitabine between day +50 and +100. We investigated 4 decitabine doses in cohorts of 4 patients: 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/m2/day × 5 days every 6 weeks, for a maximum 8 cycles. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the maximum dose at which ≤ 25% of people experience dose-limiting toxicities during the first cycle of treatment. Twenty-four patients were enrolled and 22 were evaluable. All 4 dose levels were completed and no MTD was reached. Overall, decitabine maintenance was well tolerated. Grade 3 and 4 hematological toxicities were experienced by 75% of patients, including all patients treated at the highest dose level. Nine patients completed all 8 cycles and 8 of them remain in CR. Nine patients died from relapse (n = 4), infectious complications (n = 3), and GVHD (n = 2). Most occurrences of acute GVHD were mild and resolved without interruption of treatment; 1 patient died of acute gut GVHD. Decitabine maintenance did not clearly impact the rate of chronic GVHD. Although there was a trend of increased FOXP3 expression, results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, decitabine maintenance is associated with acceptable toxicities when given in the post-allotransplantation setting. Although the MTD was not reached, the dose of 10 mg/m2 for 5 days every 6 weeks appeared to be the optimal dose rather than 15 mg/m2, where most hematological toxicities occurred.
Free fall of water drops in laboratory rainfall simulations

Abstract Motivated by various hydrological and meteorological applications, this paper investigates the free fall of water drops to provide guidance in laboratory simulations of natural rainfall and to elucidate drop morphodynamics. Drop fall velocity and shape parameters such as axis ratio (ratio of the maximum vertical and horizontal chords of the drop), chord ratio [ratio of the two orthogonal chords where one chord ( c l ) is the longest chord in the drop and the other one ( c s ) is the longest chord that is orthogonal to c l ], canting angle (angle between the longest chord of the drop and the horizontal axis), and relative fluctuation of chords (difference between vertical and horizontal chord fluctuations) were investigated for three selected water drop sizes (2.6, 3.7, and 5.1 mm spherical volume equivalent diameter) using high speed imaging. Based upon experimental observations, three distinct fall zones were identified: Zone I, in which source-induced oscillations and shape adjustment take place; Zone II, in which equilibrium-shaped drops accelerate to achieve terminal velocity; and Zone III, in which equilibrium-shaped drops fall at terminal velocity. Our results revealed that the fall distance values of approximately 6 m and 12 m can be used as conservative reference values for rainfall experiments with oscillation-free fall of drops (i.e. end of Zone I and onset of Zone II) and with equilibrium-shaped drops falling at terminal velocities (i.e. end of Zone II and onset of Zone III), respectively, for the entire raindrop size spectrum in natural rainfall. These required fall distance values are smaller than the distances discussed in the literature. Methodology and results presented here will facilitate optimum experimental laboratory simulations of natural rainfall.
Gender Inequality in Asset Ownership in Latin America: Female Owners vs Household Heads

Most studies that incorporate a gender dimension into the study of poverty or other development outcomes focus on the sex of the household head. This article argues that a headship analysis gives only a partial view of gender inequality since it does not take into account the position of women within male-headed households. Drawing primarily on the Living Standard Measurement Studies for Latin America and the Caribbean, the authors present baseline indicators of the degree of gender inequality in asset ownership for the eleven countries in the region that have collected individual-level data on asset ownership. Disaggregated data on asset ownership within households suggest that the distribution of property by gender is more equitable than a headship analysis alone would imply. But the degree of gender inequality also varies according to the specific asset and among countries. Further comparative work on asset ownership requires attention to the marital regimes governing property rights in marriage. Finally, the authors suggest how household surveys could be improved by standardizing the collection of individual-level asset data across countries.
Testing-what's missing? An incomplete list of challenges

Summary form only given. As the testing area becomes mature, the challenges it poses shift. We describe some of these challenges and how they are addressed in recent works in various areas of testing. In recent years, the formulations of testing problems have changed from "given a problem, find a solution" to "given a problem and quality measures, find a high-quality solution". Quality guarantees in the form of lower and upper bounds and optimal solutions are derived, in addition to the more conventional demonstration of performance on benchmark circuits. Quality guarantees allow one to measure the distance between a given solution and an optimal solution, and provide criteria for evaluating a new procedure that are more effective than comparison to previously proposed procedures. We review several areas where bounds and optimal solutions have been found. Most procedures are specific to a given problem, and cannot be reused to solve other problems. In contrast, general-purpose paradigms allow a large variety of problems to be solved cost-effectively by plugging in the appropriate procedures into the same algorithm. Such paradigms allow faster program development and reuse of expertise acquired in solving other problems under the same paradigm. We describe several attempts at using existing paradigms and developing new ones, that successfully compete with special-purpose procedures. Recent works address testing issues at increasingly higher levels of the design cycle and offer an integrated treatment of design and test. High-level failure models are considered as well as solutions that are completely independent of a failure model. We describe some of these works and the advantages of the two directions. We conclude with an (incomplete) list of challenges for future research.
Giving Voice to Parents of Young Children with Challenging Behavior

This study gave voice to parents raising young children with challenging behavior using a qualitative, phenomenological approach. Seven families raising children between the ages of 25 and 43 months participated in a series of interviews. The children's primary diagnoses varied, but all children exhibited challenging behaviors such as noncompliance, self-injury, tantrums, excessive crying, and property destruction. Results showed that parents' experiences could be grouped into 5 major themes: (a) obtaining accurate and useful information, (b) obtaining services and supports, (c) financial stress, (d) stress among members of the family, and (e) community isolation. Implications for changes to systems of care for young children with challenging behaviors and their families are discussed.
A study of high density multilayer LSI

Describes a new type of high density multilayer LSI chip which is made up of several piled chips. Prescribed interconnections on the conventional wafer, are fabricated first. Thin chips with through-holes (about the size of pad) are fixed to the available parts of the under-layer chip. Each chip is interconnected through the holes. As a result, the chips will be equivalent to a hybrid IC which has several chips. This model is equal to the large scale high density LSI, the multichip substrate system, and hybrid WSI (Wafer Scale Integration). >
Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America

American extremists have traditionally cultivated technology to enhance efficiency and promote goals. This article concentrates on how domestic right-wing and other extremists have used computer networks to these ends. Although the concept of a guerrilla insurgency through "leaderless resistance" became a factor in right-wing extremist movements before the Internet's advent, cyberspace hastened its popularity. The Internet has been useful to hatemongers and extremists because it is economical and far reaching, and online expression is significantly protected by the First Amendment. Various court decisions have established that not all communication is protected, in cyberspace or elsewhere. Although the government cannot regulate Internet expression because it offends sensibilities, it can regulate expression that constitutes crimes that fall under various unprotected areas of speech. Courts have convicted hatemongers who use the Internet to communicate threats rather than merely ideas. Private service providers and foreign governments have greater latitude to prohibit offensive and hateful expression that does not constitute a threat.