cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Algebraic connectivity maximization of an air transportation network: The flight routes' addition/deletion problem

A common metric to measure the robustness of a network is its algebraic connectivity. This paper introduces the flight routes addition/deletion problem and compares three different methods to analyze and optimize the algebraic connectivity of the air transportation network. The Modified Greedy Perturbation algorithm (MGP) provides a local optimum in an efficient iterative manner. The Weighted Tabu Search (WTS) is developed for the flight routes addition/deletion problem to offer a better optimal solution with longer computation time. The relaxed semidefinite programming (SDP) is used to set a performance upper bound and then three rounding techniques are applied to obtain feasible solutions. The simulation results show the trade-off among the Modified Greedy Perturbation, Weighted Tabu Search and relaxed SDP, with which we can decide the appropriate algorithm to adopt for maximizing the algebraic connectivity of the air transportation networks of different sizes. Finally a real air transportation network of Virgin America is investigated.
Prenuclear-age leaders and the nuclear arms race.

Nuclear arms are a phenomenon with no historical precedent, yet people—and their national leaders—confront the prospect of nuclear war with psychological attitudes from an earlier, simpler time. This paper considers the meaning of our image of the “enemy,” analyzes the appropriateness and effectiveness of a policy of deterrence, and considers approaches to doing away with war and to easing international antagonisms through the pursuit of mutually beneficial goals.
Defying birth defects through diet

The risk of certain birth defects can be modified by maternal diet. A high-fat maternal mouse diet has recently been reported to substantially increase the penetrance of birth defects known to be associated with a deficiency of transcription factor Cited2 as well as induce cleft palate. These effects were associated with a more than twofold reduction in embryonic expression of Pitx2c. This investigation suggests the need to further explore this provocative gene-diet interaction in human studies.
Induction of Delayed Implantation in Rats with Continuous but Not with Bolus Administration of Estriol

It has been suggested that estradiol-induced specific uterine protein is required for blastocyst implantation in laboratory rodents. Estriol has an anti-implantation effect which can be overcome by administration of estradiol. Recent data indicate, however, that the biological differences between estriol and estradiol are the result of the relatively short nuclear retention time of receptor-estriol complexes which can be overcome by repeated injections. To determine whether estriol administered repeatedly in small doses can be as effective as estradiol in inducing delayed nidation, several delayed implantation experiments in the rat have been performed. Termination of delayed implantation was observed in all oophorectomized, progesterone-treated rats following administration of 0.1 pg of estradiol in a single dose. Estriol, when administered as a single injection in doses ranging between 0.1 and 1.0 pg was significantly (P<0.01) less effective. However, if 0.8 �g of estriol was administered in eight divided doses over a period of 24 h, its effectiveness was comparable to that of estradiol. A similar implantation-promoting effect was achieved when estriol was released continuously from a s.c. capsule in a dose of 1.25 pg/24 h. When 1.0 pg of estriol was administered 1 h before 0.1 pg of estradiol was given, no antagonistic effect was observed. These data are consistent with recent reports indicating that the difference in biologic activity between estradiol and estriol is related to the brief nuclear retention time of the receptor-estriol complexes.
Facilitators and Barriers to Initiating Change in Medical Intensive Care Unit Survivors with Alcohol Use Disorders: A qualitative study

Abstract Purpose Alcohol abuse and dependence are collectively referred to as alcohol use disorders (AUD). An AUD is present in up to one third of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). We sought to understand the barriers and facilitators to change in ICU survivors with an AUD to provide a foundation upon which to tailor alcohol-related interventions. Methods We used a qualitative approach with a broad constructivist framework, conducting semistructured interviews in medical ICU survivors with an AUD. Patients were included if they were admitted to 1 of 2 medical ICUs and were excluded if they refused participation, were unable to participate, or did not speak English. Digitally recorded and professionally transcribed interviews were analyzed using a general inductive approach and grouped into themes. Results Nineteen patients were included, with an average age of 51 (interquartile range, 36-51) years and an average Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 9 (interquartile range, 5-13); 68% were white, 74% were male, and the most common reason for admission was alcohol withdrawal (n = 8). We identified 5 facilitators of change: empathy of the inpatient health care environment, recognition of accumulating problems, religion, pressure from others to stop drinking, and trigger events. We identified 3 barriers to change: missed opportunities, psychiatric comorbidity, and cognitive dysfunction. Social networks were identified as either a barrier or facilitator to change depending on the specific context. Conclusions Alcohol-related interventions to motivate and sustain behavior change could be tailored to ICU survivors by accounting for unique barriers and facilitators.
Testosterone-induced hypertrophy of L6 myoblasts is dependent upon Erk and mTOR.

Testosterone increases the size and strength of skeletal muscle. This study further characterized the molecular mechanisms of the anabolic actions of testosterone on a rat myoblast cell line (L6 cells). Testosterone did not induce hypertrophy in L6 cells lacking the androgen receptor (AR). Hypertrophy was prevented by the AR antagonist bicalutamide and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Testosterone induced Erk phosphorylation by 2 h, and mTOR autophosphorylation was elevated within 20 min; phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase was increased by 2 h. Inhibitors of Erk or PI3K blocked tesotosterone-induced hypertrophy. Erk phosphorylation returned to baseline when media containing testosterone was replaced at 16 h with fresh media lacking testosterone; when bicalutamide was added to testosterone-enriched media at 16 h, Erk phosphorylation remained elevated. Autophosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor was minimally altered by testosterone at 20 min and unaffected at later time points; PI3K/PDK1-dependent phosphorylation of Akt was not altered by testosterone. These findings indicate that testosterone stimulates hypertrophy of L6 myoblasts through a mechanism that requires its binding to the AR and involves a signaling cascade dependent upon Erk and mTOR which is likely activated by substances released into the extracellular space which are not IGF-1 or other ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases.
SEMANTICALLY SIGNIFICANT PATTERNS IN DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS

Natural language processing systems need large lexicons containing explicit information about lexical-semantic relationships, selection restrictions, and verb categories. Because the labor involved in constructing such lexicons by hand is overwhelming, we have been trying to construct lexical entries automatically from information available in the machine-readable version of Webster's Seventh Collegiate Dictionary. This work is rich in implicit information; the problem is to make it explicit. This paper describes methods for finding taxonomy and set-membership relationships, recognizing nouns that ordinarily represent human beings, and identifying active and stative verbs and adjectives.
Face-to-Face Matters: Inspirations from the Human Library

This study describes new features for a mobile application designed to initiate face-to-face communication. While many mobile applications are designed to facilitate digitally mediated relationships e.g., Facebook, Twitter between previously known parties, systems focused on initiating face-to-face communication are less popular. The authors' mobile application takes inspiration from a Human Library event where participants come together to share stories with previously unknown persons. Through survey and interviews the authors describe new features of a mobile application to mediate face-to-face meetups. In the next phase of research the authors plan to implement those features and conduct additional user studies on our mobile application with the goal of increasing adoption.
Chemical Polishing Behavior of Sodium β″‐Alumina Electrolytes

Sodium ion conducting solid electrolytes based on sodium β″-alumina phase, useful in sodium-sulfur batteries, were exposed to phosphoric acid to determine the chemical polishing conditions. Under suitable conditions of acid concentration, exposure time, and exposure temperature, samples of sodium β″-alumina were polished by phosphoric acid. The kinetics of polishing was studied, and a polishing mechanism is proposed. Insignificant effect of chemical polishing on the fracture strength of sodium β″-alumina electrolyte was obtained.
Internal and External Comments on Course Evaluations and Their Relationship to Course Grades

The validity of student evaluations of courses and the relationship between evaluations and course outcomes has frequently been examined. Since many course evaluations give students an opportunity to provide answers to open-ended questions in addition to giving Likert scale ratings, it is important to understand the relationship between these responses and course outcomes. This study examined the relationship between student responses to open ended questions (specifically whether they attributed their achievement to factors within their control or factors not within their control) and their outcomes in the course. The results of the study indicate that students that identified external factors (e.g. the professor) as responsible for their success in the course had significantly higher course outcomes than students that identified external factors as responsible for their failure in the course. No differences were detected in course outcomes for students that made external comments on their course evaluations versus those that made internal comments.
Session 19 — Power management

This session presents innovative design techniques for power management in different applications.
Quantile Autoregression for Censored Data

Quantile autoregression (QAR) is particularly attractive for censored data. However, unlike the standard regression models, the autoregressive models must take account of censoring on both response and regressors. In this article, we show that the existing censored quantile regression methods produce consistent estimators for QAR models when using only the fully observed regressors. A new algorithm is proposed to provide a censored QAR estimator by adopting imputation methods. The algorithm redistributes probability mass of censored points appropriately and iterates towards self-consistent solutions. Monte Carlo simulations and empirical applications are conducted to demonstrate merits of the proposed method.
HPBC Keynote

Summary form only given. There are big data problems today. Usually when researchers talk about “big data”, however, the data isn't that big. An inefficient solution stack based on direct products over data-sets (Map-Reduce/Hadoop), cramming data (the square peg) into whatever data-store is available (the round hole), and moving data around between data-severs and computer-servers ... all of this is OK if “big-data” is not that big. But what happens when the data in big data actually gets big? In this talk we will discuss how Big Data software solution stacks must evolve to address future big data problems. Our guiding principles are that in a world where big data is really big: 1.) One size does not fit all; data must match the data store. 2.) Data Movement is everything; move queries and processing to the data 3.) Visualization must be a first class citizen of the Big Data Solution Stack. We are developing a reference implementation of the sort of Big Data solution stack we envision will play a key role in the future. We call this the “BigDAWG” solution stack. The research behind BigDAWG is occurring within the Intel Science and Technology Research Center at MIT with collaborators from Brown University, University of Washington, University of Tennessee, and Portland State University.
Acute Abdominal Pain in the Bariatric Surgery Patient

Obesity is present in epidemic proportions in the United States, and bariatric surgery has become more common. Thus, emergency physicians will undoubtedly encounter many patients who have undergone one of these procedures. Knowledge of the anatomic changes specific to these procedures aids the clinician in understanding potential complications and devising an organized differential diagnosis. This article reviews common bariatric surgery procedures, their complications, and the approach to acute abdominal pain in these patients.
Ground Beetles in Cropland in South Dakota

Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) found in a 4-year study of cultivated fields in South Dakota included 127 species. The 14 most common species were taken in nearly the same ratios each year. Pitfall traps yielded from 0 to 15 species from each field each week during the growing season; the mean for the season was 4.8 species per week per field. In all 4 years, adult activity started to increase rapidly between August 1 and 15, reached its peak during the 1st week of September, and by September 24–30 had dropped to early summer levels. Maximum catches were 7–14 times the catches in early summer.
Abstract B51: Factors associated with DNA methylation and folate in breast tissue and plasma from healthy normal women

B51 Introduction There is increasing evidence that changes in methylation are important in breast carcinogenesis. Little is know about the etiology for changes in methylation. One-carbon metabolism involved in the transfer of methyl groups for DNA methylation and synthesis plays a role in breast carcinogenetic process, possibly in part by contributing to changes in DNA methylation. Folic acid is a critical substrate for this pathway, together with vitamins B6 and B12 as cofactors. Methods Ninety four healthy woemn with no history of cancer who were undergoing reduction mammoplasty were recruited to our study. All participants completed a structured interview and donated breast tissue and blood. p16INK hypermethylation and global methylation phenotypes were analyzed using pyrosequencing assays. LINE-1 elements were used to serve as a marker for global methylation. Plasma folate concentrations were quantified using the Immulite 1000 system. Breast folate levels were measured using the standard microbiological assay. We used Spearman correlation coefficients, t-tests and logistic regression models to describe the associations between folate levels and methylation phenotypes and other characteristics of these women. Results p16 INKpromoter hypermethylation was identified in 31% of the breast tissues analyzed. Global methylation level range was 65.3-82.8% (mean=73.8%, median=73.3% and SD=4.6%). Plasma folate levels were significantly associated with age (p-value= 0.01), race (p-value Conclusions Both systemic and tissue-specific folate levels appear to influence methylation phenotypes, especially in relationship with other risk factors such as age, race, smoking, drinking and history of cancer in the family. These findings may provide further insights in the understanding of gene-nutrient interactions in the determination of breast cancer susceptibility. Supported by: DOD BC022346 Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B51.
Predicting Spring Flight of Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) by Heat Unit Accumulation

A procedure was developed to predict spring flight of Rhyacionia frustrrana (Comstock) by using temperature records and number of males captured in traps baited with virgin females during 1974 to 1980. The procedure is based on heat units accumulated above a threshold temperature of O°C beginning on 1 January. Flight began at ca. 389 heat units and was completed at 808 heat units. Prediction was within 2 days for 20% flight. The procedure was confirmed by data collected in 1981. These results provide information with potential for timing spray applications to control R. frustrana .
Nonmetabolic functions of pyruvate kinase isoform M2 in controlling cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis

Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the rate-limiting final step of glycolysis, generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and pyruvate. The M2 tumor-specific isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) promotes glucose uptake and lactate production in the presence of oxygen, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. As recently reported in Nature, PKM2, besides its metabolic function, has a nonmetabolic function in the direct control of cell cycle progression by activating β-catenin and inducing expression of the β-catenin downstream gene CCND1 (encoding for cyclin D1). This nonmetabolic function of PKM2 is essential for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation-induced tumorigenesis.
Psychological Conflicts of and Consultations for Postdoctoral Researchers in Universities

Postdoctoral fellows are often noted for their psychological ambivalences: sharp thinking vs.one-sidedness,a sense of social responsibility vs.a tendency of utilitarianism,active research vs.passive work,collaboration vs.independent endeavor,communicativeness vs.isolation,and modern life style vs.outdated dependency.In light of these issues,consultations should be provided in relation to life plans,incentive mechanisms,practice platforms,and interpersonal communications.
Bruno Bettelheim: the mysterious other. Historical reflections on the treatment of childhood psychosis

In an attempt to distill and clarify ceratin areas of Dr. Bettelheim's clinical legacy, the present study surveys a selected number of Bruno Bettelheim's clinical article on milieu therapy, childhood schizophrenia, and autism. In addition, it examines his understanding of certain basic psychoanalytic concepts.
Information processing in obsessive—compulsive disorder

A modified Stroop task incorporating a semantic manipulation was used to study processing of fear-related information in patients diagnosed with obsessive—compulsive disorder (OCD). Twenty-three OCs with washing rituals (washers), 10 OCs without washing rituals (nonwashers), and 14 normals were administered a modified Stroop task in which they were asked to color-name contamination words, general threat words, neutral words, and nonwords. Each word was preceded by one of four priming stimuli in a randomized order; XXXXX, danger, disturb, fruit. OC washers evidenced longer response latencies to contamination words than to neutral words. Also, their latencies to contamination words were longer than the latencies of OC nonwashers and of normals, but only the latter difference reached significance. OC nonwashers evidenced longer latencies to general threat words than to nonwords and normals were slower in color naming neutral words than either contamination or general threat words. The hypothesis that all subjects would show an effect of priming for the fruit words was supported by the data; longer color-naming latencies were found for fruit words when preceded by the prime fruit. The hypothesis that washers would show longer latencies for contamination words when they were primed by danger than when they were primed by the nonword XXXXX was not confirmed. The theoretical implication of the findings related to the priming manipulation, the specificity of the modified Stroop effects, and their clinical relevance are discussed.
Developments in measurement and evaluation of fabric hand

Publisher Summary “Fabric hand” describes the way a fabric feels when it is touched and manipulated by hand. Fabric hand might be considered as the first method of fabric testing ever created by humans. It is also one of the everlasting evaluation techniques of fabric. Even with today's technological advances in testing and evaluation, subjective fabric hand still remains one of the most reliable methods of fabric characterization. Through the touch and feel of fabric and with little experience, people can gain information that no other testing technique could fully yield. When fabric hand is compared with other subjective means such as vision, it is always found that the sense of touch has better ability to discriminate and recognize complex stimulus patterns than the visual system does. This is because human skin has a remarkable ability to detect even the slightest touch and any point on the human body can cause a sensation of touch.
Sport and Games

He was one who knew horses; there was not his like in this numerous army. Not one among them could draw his bow; he could not be approached in running. From the Sphinx Stela of Amunhotep II Sport In the world of the ancient Egyptian one of the most human insights available to us is provided by the knowledge we have of the types of leisure activities and competitions they engaged in. The importance of “pastimes” to the Egyptians is amply demonstrated by the extensive and varied evidence preserved that reflects traditions that lasted over most of the history of the ancient culture. Almost all of the activities that can be described as “sport” in ancient Egypt were directly rooted in masculine behavior that had developed out of the early survival activities of defense and the hunt. These included the typical sporting occupations of running, throwing, wrestling, and other kinds of specialized types of combat, as well as the more productive activities of hunting and fishing (Fig. 79). The foot race must have been originally an informal challenge to prove strength and stamina. The first formal race that we have a record of was not a competition, however. It was a ceremonial race carried out by the king as part of a festival of rejuvenation. Early in Egyptian history it became a custom for the ruler to enact this symbolic race to demonstrate that he was physically sound and still capable of ruling. This was an important part of the heb sed festival that took place after the first thirty years of the king’s reign. One of the earliest records we have of the heb sed is preserved on a small ebony plaque from the Early Dynastic Period. However, in the Step Pyramid complex of King Djoser, of Dynasty Three, there are more complete depictions of the king in relief carvings in the act of running the race. Evidence of the markers of the course is still in place in the courtyard where the ceremony was held.
Extensive heterotopic gastric mucosa of the small intestine: imaging with 99m Tc-sodium pertechnetate SPECT/CT enterography

Extensive heterotopic gastric mucosa of the small intestine is a rare, but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by multifocal or long-segment heterotopic gastric mucosa within the bowel lumen that is often associated with other anomalies including malrotation and annular pancreas. Although the imaging findings are characteristic, this entity may be unrecognized due to its unusual imaging appearance and rarity. CT or MR enterography and 99mTc-sodium pertechnetate scintigraphy can provide complementary information that enables specific diagnosis and accurate assessment of disease extent. We present a case of extensive heterotopic gastric mucosa of the small intestine imaged by simultaneous, combined 99mTc-sodium pertechnetate single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT enterography to both familiarize the reader with the condition and describe an imaging strategy that enables specific diagnosis and assists with treatment planning.
Historische Bildungsforschung und Organisationspädagogik

Historical educational research and organizational education have a lot of similarities. Both refer to the wide range of (pedagogical) organizations and the entire lifespan. They should use their potential for cooperation. The following paper deals first systematically and then exemplarily (topics: universities and extracurricular youth organizations) with the overlaps between both subdisciplines.
Progress on 10 Kelvin cryo-cooled sapphire oscillator

We present recent progress on the 10 Kelvin cryocooled sapphire oscillator (10 K CSO). Included are incorporation of a new pulse tube cryocooler, cryocooler vibration comparisons between G-M and pulse-tube types, phase noise, and frequency stability tests. For the advantage of a single stage pulse tube cryocooler, we also present results for a 40 K compensated sapphire oscillator (40 K CSO).
Synthesizing protocol specifications from service specifications in FSM model

The authors address the problem of deriving a protocol specification from a given service specification, which are both in the finite-state-machine (FSM) model. They provide an algorithm that yields protocol FSMs from a given service FSM in which the service model allows only sequential execution of service primitives at various service access points (SAPs). They then extend the service model to allow concurrent execution of service primitives at different SAPs, and the algorithm is also expanded to take care of the extended model. Finally, they present a procedure to construct an error-recoverable protocol from its error-free version generated from the proposed algorithm, thus enabling the algorithm to provide the generated protocol with error-recovery capability. Limitations of the model and the direction being taken in further work to relieve the limitations are stated. >
Distinct cis elements in the 3' UTR of the C. elegans cebp-1 mRNA mediate its regulation in neuronal development.

Abstract The 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) of mRNAs mediate post-transcriptional regulation of genes in many biological processes. Cis elements in 3′ UTRs can interact with RNA-binding factors in sequence-specific or structure-dependent manners, enabling regulation of mRNA stability, translation, and localization. Caenorhabditis elegans CEBP-1 is a conserved transcription factor of the C/EBP family, and functions in diverse contexts, from neuronal development and axon regeneration to organismal growth. Previous studies revealed that the levels of cebp-1 mRNA in neurons depend on its 3′ UTR and are also negatively regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase RPM-1. Here, by systematically dissecting cebp-1 's 3′ UTR, we test the roles of specific cis elements in cebp-1 expression and function in neurons. We present evidence for a putative stem-loop in the cebp-1 3′ UTR that contributes to basal expression levels of mRNA and to negative regulation by rpm-1 . Mutant animals lacking the endogenous cebp-1 3′ UTR showed a noticeable increased expression of cebp-1 mRNA and enhanced the neuronal developmental phenotypes of rpm-1 mutants. Our data reveal multiple cis elements within cebp-1 's 3′ UTR that help to optimize CEBP-1 expression levels in neuronal development.
Social boundaries, resource depression, and conflict: A bioeconomic model of the intertribal buffer zone

Abstract Human territoriality and the evolution of social boundaries are important and long-standing issues of concern to anthropologists and social scientists. One notable phenomenon is the intertribal buffer zone, an area that is generally devoid of occupation where certain resources can flourish without being overhunted. We examine the relative importance of resource depression and conflict on the formation of the buffer zone. We first develop a dynamic spatial model of a human group harvesting a large game resource at varying distances from a residential base locale. We then introduce a second human group and evaluate the model under two assumptions regarding the interaction between groups: 1) the groups maintain an amicable relationship and both harvest the game, and 2) the groups are hostile and engage in conflict as each hunt for game. We show how the potential for conflict reduces the incentive to harvest high-ranking resources, and prevents the overexploitation of resources in the buffer zone. We use the model expectations to evaluate two well-known North American case studies.
An investigation on the mechanism of the increased NO2 emissions from H2-diesel dual fuel engine

Abstract The addition of hydrogen (H2) into the intake air of a diesel engine was found to significantly increase the emissions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Previous research demonstrated a strong correlation between the emissions of NO2 and unburned H2 in exhaust gas. However, the mechanism whereby H2 addition in increasing NO2 formation in a H2-diesel dual fuel engine. Previously has not been investigated. This research numerically verified the hypothesis that the increased NO2 emissions observed with the addition of H2 was formed through the conversion from NO to NO2 during the post combustion oxidation process of the unburned H2 when mixed with the hot NO-containing combustion products. A variable volume single zone model with detailed chemistry was applied to simulate post-combustion oxidation process of the unburned H2 and its effect on NO2 emissions. The mixing of the unburned H2 with the NO-containing hot combustion products was found to convert NO to NO2. Such a conversion is promoted by the hydroperoxyl (HO2) radical formed during the oxidation process of the H2. The factors affecting the NO2 formation and its destruction include the concentration of NO, H2, O2, and the temperature of the bulk mixture. When H2 and hot NO-containing combustion products mixed during the early stage of expansion stroke, the NO2 formed during H2 oxidation was later dissociated to NO after the complete consumption of H2. The complete combustion of H2 exhausted the source of HO2 necessary for the conversion from NO to NO2. The mixing of H2 with combustion products during the last part of the expansion stroke was not able to convert NO to NO2 since the temperature was too low for H2 to oxidize and to provide the HO2 needed. The bulk mixture temperature range suitable for meaningful conversion from NO to NO2 aided by HO2 produced during the oxidation of H2 was examined and presented.
Prevalence and numbers of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses collected at rehang and postchill in 20 U.S. processing plants.

Campylobacter is a human pathogen associated with chicken and chicken meat products. This study was designed to examine the prevalence and number of Campylobacter on broiler chicken carcasses in commercial processing plants in the United States. Carcass samples were collected from each of 20 U.S. plants four times, roughly approximating the four seasons of 2005. At each plant on each sample day, 10 carcasses were collected at rehang (prior to evisceration), and 10 carcasses from the same flock were collected postchill. A total of 800 carcasses were collected at rehang and another 800 were collected postchill. All carcasses were subjected to a whole-carcass rinse, and the rinse diluent was cultured for Campylobacter. The overall mean number of Campylobacter detected on carcasses at rehang was 2.66 log CFU per ml of carcass rinse. In each plant, the Campylobacter numbers were significantly reduced by broiler processing; the mean concentration after chill was 0.43 log CFU/ml. Overall prevalence was also redu...
Adaptive Immune System and the Eye: Mucosal Immunity

The mucosal immune system prevents microbes from infecting the body’s moist interfaces with the external environment while avoiding inflammatory responses. It employs secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and IgG1, induced in stereotypically organized mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and renal systems, the female and male reproductive systems, and the ocular surface system. Epithelial cells in the lacrimal glands, conjunctiva, and drainage system employ a specialized transcytotic apparatus to secrete immunoglobulins, but they also must maintain their underlying stromal spaces as niches for IgA+ plasmablast maturation and plasmacyte survival. The transforming growth factor-β functions importantly in both the inductive and the effector sites.
52 – Thyroid Diseases

Disorders of the thyroid gland are common, particularly in women. The clinical spectrum is broad and these diseases have relevance to a wide variety of fields, not only in medicine but also in aspects of nutrition and radiation exposure. Thyroid carcinomas are relatively rare neoplasms that account for 0.6–1.6% of all malignancies. The annual incidence of papillary, follicular, and differentiated thyroid carcinomas cancer is 1–10 per 100,000 people. They are about three times more common in women than men. In addition to the striking gender differences in the frequency of autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, several other aspects of thyroid physiology and disease are distinct in women. Pregnancy is characterized by intricate physiological changes in iodine balance, thyroid activity, thyroid hormone transport, and peripheral metabolism. Pregnancy also has modulating influences on autoimmune thyroid disorders and can be complicated by a distinct form of hyperthyroidism, gestational hyperthyroidism, which is caused by the secretion of the placental hormone human chorionic gonadotropin. It is well recognized that cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis have distinct characteristics in women, and thyroid hormone excess or deficiency may further modulate these health problems. Hence, thyroid diseases continue to present challenges to researchers and clinicians, and many of these disorders are particularly relevant to the health of women.
Psychosis in Emerging Adulthood: Phenomenological, Diagnostic, and Clinical Considerations

ABSTRACTPsychotic-spectrum disorders are serious illnesses that impact numerous individuals worldwide and often lead to significant functional impairment. Given a robust body of literature indicati...
Antibiotic Elution and Mechanical Strength of PMMA Bone Cement Loaded With Borate Bioactive Glass

Introduction: Local delivery of antibiotics using bone cement as the delivery vehicle is an established method of managing implant-associated orthopedic infections. Various fillers have been added to cement to increase antibiotic elution, but they often do so at the expense of strength. This study evaluated the effect of adding a borate bioactive glass, previously shown to promote bone formation, on vancomycin elution from PMMA bone cement. Methods: Five cement composites were made: three loaded with borate bioactive glass along with 0, 1, and 5 grams of vancomycin and two without any glass but with 1 and 5 grams vancomycin to serve as controls. The specimens were soaked in PBS. Eluate of vancomycin was collected every 24 hours and analyzed by HPLC. Orthopedic-relevant mechanical properties of each composite were tested over time. Results: The addition of borate bioactive glass provided an increase in vancomycin release at Day 1 and an increase in sustained vancomycin release throughout the treatment period. An 87.6% and 21.1% increase in cumulative vancomycin release was seen for both 1g and 5g loading groups, respectively. Compressive strength of all composites remained above the weight-bearing threshold of 70 MPa throughout the duration of the study with the glass-containing composites showing comparable strength to their respective controls. Conclusion: The incorporation of borate bioactive glass into commercial PMMA bone cement can significantly increase the elution of vancomycin. The mechanical strength of the cement-glass composites remained above 70 MPa even after soaking for 8 weeks, suggesting their suitability for orthopedic weight-bearing applications.
Exploring New Research in Individual & Leader Success via Learning / Development & Career Behavior

Exploring common themes that can cut across diverse areas of management can be useful as a means to help build bridges across areas. This is especially true if the common themes are particularly im...
Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonylmethylide as a formyl anion equivalent

Abstract Pyridinium p -toluenesulfonylmethylide serves as a formyl anion equivalent and, in the presence of an alcohol, undergoes 1,4-addition to N -substituted maleimides to give alkoxy- (or aryloxy)-methylene-succinimides. The protected aldehyde group can be liberated readily.
Characterization of phthalate-degrading bacteria from Asian carp microbiomes and riverine sediments

Abstract Phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment due to widespread production and distribution. The carcinogenic compounds dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are non-covalently bonded to plastics; thus prone to dispersal in various environments. Phthalates not only sorb to riverine sediments, but are also taken up by a variety of aquatic organisms. Asian carp species silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) are exposed to phthalates by ingestion and absorption. The biodegradation of phthalates has been extensively investigated; however, no studies have isolated phthalate-degrading bacteria from aquatic species. The purpose of this study was to characterize the growth and biodegradation kinetics of phthalate-degrading bacteria isolated from the gut, gill, and scale microbiomes of Asian carp, and riverine sediments. 16S rRNA sequencing identified similar genera in sediment and H. molitrix gut microbiome inoculated phthalate enrichments. Achromobacter aegrifaciens strain SKTGEO1 and Pseudomonas japonica strain SKEO1 were enriched from sediments; Bacillus subtilis strain SK18, Pseudomonas putida strain SKTG1, and Consortium SK-1 were enriched from Asian carp microbiomes. Each bacteria isolated was shown to eliminate phthalates from experimental systems. This is the first study documenting the biodegradation of phthalates by bacteria isolated from Asian carp gut and H. molitrix scale microbiomes.
Defining human services

This study aims at formulating adequate criteria for designing the field of human services. Based on a conceptual analysis of human services the study establishes the theoretical ground of a four-category model for classifying human service organizations, and three alternative definitions of the field. The classificatory principle underlying the model and the definitions reflects the contribution of human services to overall societal wellbeing. I conclude the study by discussing the implications for social welfare policy planning, service design and evaluation, and shaping the nature of the helping professions
Human-Centric Computing

With the world around us rapidly becoming smarter, an extremely relevant question is how “we humans” are going to cope with the onslaught of information coming at us. One plausible answer is to use similar technologies to evolve ourselves and to equip us with the necessary tools to interact with and to become an essential part of the smart world. Various wearable devices have been or are being developed for this purpose. However, their potential to create a whole new set of human experiences is still largely unexplored. To be more effective, functionality cannot be centralized and needs to be distributed to capture the right information at the right place. This requires a human Intranet, a platform that allows multiple distributed input–output and information processing functions to coalesce and form a single application. In addition, it needs the capabilities to understand, interpret, reason, and act on the obtained data under diverse and changing conditions, and to do so in concert with the human body and its computer, the brain. To this effect, this article explores the concept of human-centric computing, an approach that aspires to create a symbiotic convergence between biological and physical computing.
Optical imaging and pacing of drosophila heart function (Conference Presentation)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising research tool for non-invasive imaging of biological tissues. OCT can be used to capture images of the beating Drosophila heart in vivo with micrometer resolution and video-rate imaging speed. Due to its non-invasiveness nature, OCT enables longitudinal imaging of developing flies through the entire life cycle of the insect. Combined with non-invasive optogenetic pacing, this forms a powerful research platform to study developmental biology.
How Zebra, A Weak Transactivator, Exerts Strong Biologic Effects

The pathway of activation of EBV lytic gene expression. The switch between EBV latency and replication is mediated by the EBV ZEBRA (BZLF1) gene. ZEBRA is the first example of a mammalian viral gene product which controls the transition between viral latency and lytic viral replication; therefore ZEBRA is worthy of the increasing efforts to understand in molecular detail the control of its expression and its mechanism of action.
ipDMR: identification of differentially methylated regions with interval P-values.

SUMMARY ipDMR is an R software tool for identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using auto-correlated P-values for individual CpGs from epigenome-wide association analysis using array or bisulfite sequencing data. It summarizes P-values for adjacent CpGs, identifies association peaks and then extends peaks to find boundaries of DMRs. ipDMR uses BED format files as input and is easy to use. Simulations guided by real data found that ipDMR outperformed current available methods and provided slightly higher true positive rates and much lower false discovery rates. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION ipDMR is available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/ENmix.html. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sexual fetishes: sensations, perceptions, and correlates

Most literature on sexual fetishes focuses on maldevelopment, abnormality, and stigma. Benefits and psychosocial aspects of practising fetishes are seldom documented. We aimed to explore the sensat...
Libraries Assist Disaster Survivors with Information Needs and Refuge but Need to Amplify Their Role and What They Offer

A Review of: Braquet, D. M. (2010). Library experiences of Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans flood survivors. LIBRES: Library and Information Science Research Electronic Journal, 20(1), 1. https://www.libres-ejournal.info/528/ Abstract Objective – Describe the experiences and library usage of patrons displaced by Hurricane Katrina and the New Orleans Flood. Design – A qualitative study with interview components and a questionnaire with open and closed-end questions Setting – New Orleans, Louisiana and surrounding area Subjects – 314 questionnaire respondents and 30 interview (24 face-to-face and 6 phone) participants with 5 individuals completing both Methods – The study consisted of an online questionnaire with open and closed-end questions occurring concurrently with semi-structured interviews conducted over the phone and in person. Individuals were recruited via convenience sample by flyers at public locales in the New Orleans area and electronic mailing lists, forums, blogs, and news sites that catered to the New Orleans community. Main Results – Disaster survivors use libraries for Internet access, information and technology assistance, mental relief, physical refuge, and also view them as symbols of both loss and hope. Library resources (including the physical spaces) allowed survivors to regain a sense of control by helping patrons access local information and experience pre-disaster pastimes, such as leisure reading. Conclusion – The study provides rich description of how libraries can support people displaced by disaster, however just over half of participants did not consider the library a part of their disaster experience. Future research should examine how libraries and library workers can amplify their impact during disasters and disaster recovery, as well as partner with disaster planning and response professionals.
Taxonomic review of Polynema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Australia and New Zealand, with descriptions of eight new species

Two Australian species of Polynema Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), P. (Polynema) draperi Girault and P. (Polynema) editha Girault, are redescribed, as is the Australasian and Oriental P. (Dorypolynema) mendeli Girault; the previously unknown female of P. draperi and male of P. editha are also described. One new species group, the draperi group, is newly defined in P. (Polynema), in which eight new species are described: P. (Polynema) aristokratka sp. n. (New Zealand), P. (Polynema) baronessa sp. n. (New Zealand), P. (Polynema) grafinya sp. n. (New Zealand), P. (Polynema) imperatrix sp. n. (Australia), P. (Polynema) koroleva sp. n. (New Zealand), P. (Polynema) markiza sp. n. (New Zealand), P. (Polynema) princessa sp. n. (Australia), and P. (Polynema) rangatira sp. n. (New Zealand). Keys to the two treated subgenera of Polynema, both sexes of the world species of P. (Dorypolynema Hayat & Anis), and to females of the 10 described P. (Polynema) species in Australia and New Zealand are given. Taxonomic notes are provided for the Afrotropical species Polynema (Dorypolynema) mboroense (Risbec), comb. n. from Acmopolynema Ogloblin, whose previously unknown female is described, and for the Australian species Palaeoneura frater (Girault), comb. n. from Polynema.
Electronic structure and optical properties of Sr2IrO4 under epitaxial strain

We study the modification of the electronic structure in the strong spin–orbit coupled Sr2IrO4 by epitaxial strain using density-functional methods. Structural optimization shows that strain changes the internal structural parameters such as the Ir–O–Ir bond angle, which has an important effect on the band structure. An interesting prediction is the Γ−X crossover of the valence band maximum with strain, while the conduction minimum at M remains unchanged. This in turn suggests strong strain dependence of the transport properties for the hole-doped system, but not when the system is electron doped. Taking the measured value of the Γ−X separation for the unstrained case, we predict the Γ−X crossover of the valence band maximum to occur for the tensile epitaxial strain e xx ≈ 3%. A minimal tight-binding model within the J eff = 1/2 subspace is developed to describe the main features of the band structure. The optical absorption spectra under epitaxial strain are computed using density-functional theory, which explains the observed anisotropy in the optical spectra with the polarization of the incident light. We show that the optical transitions between the Ir (d) states, which are dipole forbidden, can be explained in terms of the admixture of Ir (p) orbitals with the Ir (d) bands.