cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization and control of a multi-primary LED light lab

A new light lab facility has been commissioned at Rochester Institute of Technology with the research goal of studying human visual adaptation under temporally dynamic lighting. The lab uses five-channel LED luminaires with 16 bits of addressable depth per channel, addressed via DMX. Based on spectral measurements, a very accurate multi-primary additive color model has been built that can be used to provide “colorimetric plus” multi-primary channel intensity solutions optimized for spectral accuracy, color fidelity, color gamut, or other attributes. Several spectral tuning and multi-primary solutions are compared, for which accuracy results and IES TM-30-15 color rendition measures are shown.
Enhancing hydrologic data assimilation by evolutionary Particle Filter and Markov Chain Monte Carlo

Abstract Particle Filters (PFs) have received increasing attention by researchers from different disciplines including the hydro-geosciences, as an effective tool to improve model predictions in nonlinear and non-Gaussian dynamical systems. The implication of dual state and parameter estimation using the PFs in hydrology has evolved since 2005 from the PF-SIR (sampling importance resampling) to PF-MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo), and now to the most effective and robust framework through evolutionary PF approach based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and MCMC, the so-called EPFM. In this framework, the prior distribution undergoes an evolutionary process based on the designed mutation and crossover operators of GA. The merit of this approach is that the particles move to an appropriate position by using the GA optimization and then the number of effective particles is increased by means of MCMC, whereby the particle degeneracy is avoided and the particle diversity is improved. In this study, the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed EPFM is investigated by applying the technique on a conceptual and highly nonlinear hydrologic model over four river basins located in different climate and geographical regions of the United States. Both synthetic and real case studies demonstrate that the EPFM improves both the state and parameter estimation more effectively and reliably as compared with the PF-MCMC.
Abstract 199: Pre-treatment Of Human Embryonic-derived Neural Progenitor Cells With Bdnf Increases Migration Of Cells To The Brain And Elicits Functional Recovery In A Mouse Model Of Hypoxic-ischemia

Intro: Increasing cell migration through upregulation of chemokine and adhesion molecule receptors could improve intravascular cell treatment for stroke and BDNF has been shown to induce these pathways. Therefore we tested whether BDNF cell-pretreatment would improve cell migration and functional recovery in an experimental stroke model. Methods: hES-derived NPCs (5x10 5 in 5µl saline) pre-treated with BDNF for 5 hours and harboring a reporter gene construct containing renilla luciferase and eGFP in serum free media, non-treated hES-derived NPCs (5×10 5 in 5[l saline) in media, and media control with BDNF were delivered to the brain via the ipsilateral carotid artery at 3 days after hypoxic-ischemic stroke in NODSCID mice (n=11/group). Cell engraftment was monitored by in-vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI). The ladder test was used to assess behavioral recovery throughout a 4 week time course. Brain homogenates from animals at 28 days were analyzed using RT-qPCR for common chemokines, adhesion molecules, and neurotrophins. Mechanisms of cell migration were evaluated by assessing cell receptor expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules on hES-derived NPC and by analyzing the change in expression profile in the mouse brain at 3 days after stroke. Boyden-chamber migration assays were used to evaluate cell migratory potential in vitro . RESULTS: One day after cell transplantation the subset of animals transplanted with BDNF-pretreated cells showed significantly higher BLI signal at 1 (p=0.021) and 7 days after transplantation (p=0.002). Histological analysis also revealed engraftment of hES-derived NPC at 1 week after transplantation. Behavioral assessment revealed significant functional recovery in the BDNF pre-treated group throughout the 28 day time course (ANOVA, p in vitro led to significantly greater migration in response to CXCL12 (CXCR4 ligand) compared to untreated cells. At 28 days after transplantation, neurotrophic factors IL6, IL10, Ntrk1 were upregulated 3.3, 3.4, and 3.3 times. Common T-cell and neutrophil cytokine receptors IL8rb, IL8ra and IL1a were all downregulated, while several chemokines that increase migration of inflammatory cells were downregulated including CCL2, CCL5, CCL8, and CCL12. Anti-Angiogenic factor Adamts8 was also downrgulated in the brains of animals transplanted with BDNF pre-treated cells. Lastly, MMP3, MMP8, and MMP9 were downregulated at 28 days after stroke indicating increased blood brain barrier integrity. Conclusion: Intravascular transplantation of BDNF pre-treated hES-derived NPCs elicits functional gains via increased migration of cells, immunomodulation, increased BBB integrity, and by influencing the upregulation of neur0protective factors.
Reorganization of noradrenergic neuronal systems following neonatal chemical and surgical injury.

A variety of chemical agents and surgical procedures have dramatic influences on the ontogenetic development of noradrenergic neurons. Because of space limitations, in-depth descriptions of each of the neurotoxins could not be given, and the reader is referred to review articles which present a different perspective on uses of the agents (Breese, 1975; Jonsson, 1980; Kostrzewa, 1988; Kostrzewa and Jacobowitz, 1974; Thoenen and Tranzer, 1973).
Common Properties of Sensory Systems

On the surface, vision appears to have little in common with pain, and neither vision nor pain reminds us of taste; why, then, a discussion of their common properties? These systems do have the common tasks of conveying sensory information to the brain, which must integrate all messages from both within and across sensory systems. To the extent that the similarities of these sensory coding and integration processes require common underlying principles, 1 our knowledge of sensory processes will be constrained if we resist seeing beyond the idiosyncracies of each system. The eventual value of any scientific statement is in direct proportion to its generality.
Gene delivery to mouse sensory neurons with herpes simplex virus: A model for postherpetic neuralgia and its treatment?

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Gudarz Davar, Molecular Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Anesthesia Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115. Painful neuropathy is a frequent consequence of infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in humans. In some cases pain persists even though there are no signs of an active infection. This postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) may partly be the result of injury or inflammation within sensory ganglia. …
Chasing similarity: distribution-aware aggregation scheduling

Parallel aggregation is a ubiquitous operation in data analytics that is expressed as GROUP BY in SQL, reduce in Hadoop, or segment in TensorFlow. Parallel aggregation starts with an optional local pre-aggregation step and then repartitions the intermediate result across the network. While local pre-aggregation works well for low-cardinality aggregations, the network communication cost remains significant for high-cardinality aggregations even after local pre-aggregation. The problem is that the repartition-based algorithm for high-cardinality aggregation does not fully utilize the network.In this work, we first formulate a mathematical model that captures the performance of parallel aggregation. We prove that finding optimal aggregation plans from a known data distribution is NP-hard, assuming the Small Set Expansion conjecture. We propose GRASP, a GReedy Aggregation Scheduling Protocol that decomposes parallel aggregation into phases. GRASP is distribution-aware as it aggregates the most similar partitions in each phase to reduce the transmitted data size in subsequent phases. In addition, GRASP takes the available network bandwidth into account when scheduling aggregations in each phase to maximize network utilization. The experimental evaluation on real data shows that GRASP outperforms repartition-based aggregation by 3.5x and LOOM by 2.0x.
Short-Term Outcomes of Staged Versus Same-Day Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity Correction.

Abstract Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives Assess differences between staged (≤3 days) and same-day surgery in perioperative factors, radiographic measures, and complications. Summary of Background Data Surgical adult spinal deformity correction may require combined anterior and posterior approaches. To modulate risk, some surgeons perform surgery that is expected to be longer and/or more complex in two stages. Prior studies comparing staged (≥7 days) and same-day surgery demonstrated mixed results and none have examined results with shorter staging intervals. Methods Retrospective review of adults undergoing combined anterior/posterior approaches for spinal deformity over a 3-year period at a single institution (n=92). Univariate differences between staged and same-day surgery were assessed with chi-squared, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Generalized estimating equations assessed whether differences in perioperative outcomes between groups remained after adjusting for differences in demographic and surgical characteristics. Results In univariate analyses, staged surgery was associated with a length of stay (LOS) 3 days longer than same-day surgery (9.2 vs. 6.3 days, p After risk adjustment, taking into account the procedural specifics including longer fusion constructs and greater number of osteotomies, LOS no longer differed between staged and same-day surgery; however, the total operative time was 98 minutes longer for staged surgery (p Conclusions Although univariate analysis of our results were in accordance with previously published works, multivariate analysis allowing individual case risk adjustment revealed that LOS was not significantly increased in the staged group as reported in previous studies. There was no difference in infection rates as previously described but an increase in thrombotic events was observed. Level of Evidence Level III.
Proton radiotherapy and treatment delay in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE For patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), delays in the initiation of radiotherapy (RT) have been closely associated with worse outcomes. We sought to investigate whether RT modality (proton vs. photon) is associated with differences in the time to initiation of RT. METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried for patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic HNSCC between 2004 and 2015 who received either proton or photon RT as part of their initial treatment. Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-square tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between use of proton RT and delayed RT initiation. RESULTS A total of 175,088 patients with HNSCC receiving either photon or proton RT were identified. Patients receiving proton RT were more likely to be white, reside in higher income areas, and have private insurance. Proton RT was associated with delayed RT initiation compared to photon RT (median 59 days vs. 45, P < 0.001). Receipt of proton therapy was independently associated with RT initiation beyond 6 weeks after diagnosis (adjusted OR [aOR, definitive RT] = 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-2.30) or surgery (aOR [adjuvant RT] = 4.08; 95% CI 2.64-6.62). In the context of adjuvant proton RT, increases in treatment delay were associated with worse overall survival (weeks, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.099, 95% CI 1.011-1.194). CONCLUSION Use of proton therapy is associated with delayed RT in both the definitive and adjuvant settings for patients with HNSCC and could be associated with poorer outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b Laryngoscope, 122:0000-0000, 2019 Laryngoscope, 130:E598-E604, 2020.
Obstetrician-gynecologists' screening and management of depression during perimenopause.

Objective Depression in women is more common during perimenopause (the time period around and during menopause) than pre and postmenopause. Obstetrician-gynecologists (ob-gyns) play a vital role in the detection and management of depression symptoms in women because for many women ob-gyns are the first and most frequent point of medical contact. This study assessed ob-gyns' screening practices and management of depression in perimenopause. Methods A survey regarding depression during perimenopause was sent to 500 practicing ob-gyns who were fellows of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and members of the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network. Results The survey response rate was 41.8% (209 of 500 surveys returned). Over a third of respondents (34.1%) reported that they did not regularly screen perimenopausal patients for depression. Higher-quality education about depression, respondent sex, and personal experience with depression were associated with higher rates of screening. While 85.7% of respondents believed that they could recognize depression in perimenopausal women, only about half (55.8%) were confident in their ability to treat these patients. Conclusion Increased education of ob-gyn physicians related to depression during perimenopause may increase the screening and treatment of women during this phase of life.
2'-O-Methyl at 20-mer Guide Strand 3' Termini May Negatively Affect Target Silencing Activity of Fully Chemically Modified siRNA.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have the potential to treat a broad range of diseases. siRNAs need to be extensively chemically modified to improve their bioavailability, safety, and stability in vivo. However, chemical modifications variably impact target silencing for different siRNA sequences, making the activity of chemically modified siRNA difficult to predict. Here, we systematically evaluated the impact of 3′ terminal modifications (2′-O-methyl versus 2′-fluoro) on guide strands of different length and showed that 3′ terminal 2′-O-methyl modification negatively impacts activity for >60% of siRNA sequences tested but only in the context of 20- and not 19- or 21-nt-long guide strands. These results indicate that sequence, modification pattern, and structure may cooperatively affect target silencing. Interestingly, the introduction of an extra 2′-fluoro modification in the seed region at guide strand position 5, but not 7, may partially compensate for the negative impact of 3′ terminal 2′-O-methyl modification. Molecular modeling analysis suggests that 2′-O-methyl modification may impair guide strand interactions within the PAZ domain of argonaute-2, which may affect target recognition and cleavage, specifically when guide strands are 20-nt long. Our findings emphasize the complex nature of modified RNA-protein interactions and contribute to design principles for chemically modified siRNAs.
Representing Collective Trauma of Korean War: Creative Education as a Peacebuilding Strategy

This chapter examines representations of collective traumas and their implications for the sustainable peace in post-conflict societies. The representations of collective traumas are key ingredients of the collective identity, historical memory and nationbuilding narrative, which shape the views of the future generations. The first aim of this chapter is to examine how the collective trauma of Korean War is represented through official narratives of the past and how it affects North and South Koreans’ views of each other. The second aim is to explore if collective trauma can be presented in such a way that it properly acknowledges the victims and the horrific crimes, while at the same time providing a space for co-existence, healing and reconciliation. The study concludes with an outline of the innovative strategies that can counteract the negative impacts of divisive past and promote critical thinking and accountability as an antidote to toxic memories that challenge peace.
Isothermal Aging Dependent Anand Parameters of SAC305 Lead Free Solder at Extreme High Temperatures

With the emergence of the modern electronic packaging technology over the last few decades, lead free solder alloys have been the primary interconnects material used in electronic packaging industry. The reliability of the electronic packages depend largely on the mechanical properties of the lead free solder materials. The microstructures of popular SAC lead free solders are inherently unstable and experimental testing has revealed that SAC solders exhibit evolving mechanical properties that change significantly with isothermal aging. These changes are especially large in harsh environments, such as at extreme high temperatures where the effects of aging on solder joint behavior must be accounted for and included in constitutive models when predicting reliability. The nine parameter Anand viscoplastic constitutive model is a popular commercial finite element code built in to many commercial FEA packages like ANSYS and ABAQUS, which is widely used in the electronic packaging industry to predict reliability. Reliability prediction results are often highly sensitive to the specified Anand parameters, and there are great variations in the available literature values for common solder alloys. Previous investigations on the nine parameters have mainly emphasized mechanical testing and fitting at temperatures up to 125 °C. In real life, electronic devices frequently experience harsh environment applications where solders are exposed to very high temperatures from 125-200 °C. Mechanical properties as well as Anand model parameters of lead free solders at elevated temperatures are not available in previous literatures.In this work, we have studied the changes in mechanical properties and nine parameters of the Anand viscoplastic constitutive model for SAC305 (96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) lead free solder by considering the isothermal aging effect. The pre aging was done at 125 °C. Uniaxial tensile stress-strain tests were carried out on SAC305 specimens using a micro tension/torsion testing machine with three strain rates (0.001, 0.0001 and 0.00001 (1/sec)), four extreme high testing temperatures (T = 125, 150, 175, and 200 °C), and four different pre-aging conditions (0, 1, 5, and 20 days at 125 °C). Our findings show that 2 of the 9 Anand parameters remain essentially constant during aging, while the other 7 show significant changes with aging. Once the Anand constants were determined, we used the constitutive model to predict the stress-strain curve at each particular temperature and strain rate used in the experimental testing to evaluate the goodness of fit of the constitutive model to the test data. Good correlation was observed between the experimental curves and the model predictions.
mm-Wave Tunnel Diode-Based Rectifier for Perpetual IoT

In this effort, the authors propose, for the first time, a tunnel diode-based rectifier for 5G/mm-wave energy harvesting. The tunnel diode, a unique semiconductor device with a negative resistance region, is often used in oscillator and amplifier circuits. However, this work exploits one new property for tunnel diodes, that sets a strong foundation for 5G long-range self-powered IoT nodes. This property is verified by the high sensitivity/low turn-on power and self-voltage-regulating behavior of the tunnel diode-based rectifier over a large range of load variations. Compared to a Schottky diode-based rectifier at 28GHz, the tunnel diode counterpart demonstrates a superior compatibility with the ambient mm-wave energy harvesting challenges and needs.
Author–Screenwriter– Director (1930s–1950s): Articulating Authorship Through Self-Adaptations and Film Novelisations in Bengali:

During the 1930s, one of the significant factors that strengthened the connection between Bengali literature and film was the emergence of certain key figures who straddled overlapping roles as aut...
Early-Life Factors Are Associated with Vitamin D Status in Early and Mid-Childhood and May Differ between White and Black Children.

Background Suboptimal vitamin D (VitD) status has been associated with poor bone health and other adverse health outcomes and is common among children. Various early-life factors are associated with child VitD, yet few studies have examined multiple factors simultaneously in a single study population. Objectives We aimed to characterize relations of early-life factors with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in early and mid-childhood, and to explore potential differences in these associations between white and black children. Methods We identified associations of various early-life factors with 25(OH)D concentrations in early and mid-childhood among 961 children in Project Viva using linear regression models. All variables associated with 25(OH)D were included together in final multivariable models at each outcome time point: 1 in the overall sample and additional models for children whose mothers identified them as being white or black. Results Overall mean ± SD 25(OH)D concentrations were 86 ± 29 nmol/L in early childhood and 68 ± 21 nmol/L in mid-childhood. After accounting for other predictors, children who took VitD supplements (compared with those who did not) had 25(OH)D concentrations 5.6 nmol/L (95% CI: 2.0, 9.2 nmol/L) higher in early childhood and 8.2 nmol/L (95% CI: 4.8, 11.6 nmol/L) higher in mid-childhood. Other factors consistently associated with higher 25(OH)D were blood collection in summer or fall, white race, nonfall birth season, prenatal exposure to higher 25(OH)D, and higher dietary intake of VitD. Greater waist circumference was associated with lower 25(OH)D in early childhood (β: -3.8; 95% CI: -7.4, -0.2 per 1-SD increase) among black children only. Conclusions Our findings may help clinicians better target children at risk of lower 25(OH)D for screening and/or intervention and may inform research focused on associations of 25(OH)D with different exposures and outcomes or causal effects of early-life factors on later VitD status.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02820402.
Considering Autonomous Exploration in Healthy Environments: Reflections from an Urban Wildscape.

Autonomous exploration should be considered in the creation of healthy environments since autonomy is an important developmental experience for children. For a group of boys in Raleigh, N.C., U.S. during the period 2002–2006, autonomous exploration was a meaningful experience. Results of a qualitative research project (n = 5) which highlight the importance of autonomous exploration are organized within a proposed framework for thick description. The framework creates verisimilitude by reporting on the context, social action and cultural context, and behavior and intentionality. The context of Raleigh and urban wildscapes furnished areas ripe for exploration. The social action and cultural context of attachment supported the autonomous exploration through scaffolded experiences of autonomy. The intentionality of the behavior was a desire to distinct themselves through a focus on individual development and the pursuit of extraordinary experiences. The ultimate outcomes of autonomous exploration for the boys were the development of long-term, intimate friendships and confidence in their decision-making ability. As cities become more health-focused, attention should be paid to preserve the rough edges of a city for children to explore.
Chapter 16 Hypokalemia

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the potassium (K) depletion and hypokalemia. Hypokalemia has also been described in the other forms of secondary aldosteronism and hyperreninemia, for example, malignant hypertension, renal artery stenosis. Hypokalemia and K depletion are characteristic features of distal (“gradient limited,” Type I) renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and of those instances of proximal (“bicarbonate wasting,” Type 11) RTA accompanied by the Fanconi syndrome. Magnesium deficiency has been reported in association with hypokalemia and K depletion in a wide variety of diseases including intestinal malabsorption, delirium tremens, primary hyperparathyroidism and primary aldosteronism, as well as with long-term gentamycin therapy. Hypokalemia is much more frequent and more severe in patients with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production than in those with either pituitary or adrenal forms of Cushing's syndrome. The common edema-forming states, that is, congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome are frequently associated with hyperreninemia and with hypokalemia and K depletion. Vomiting and gastric drainage almost invariably result in some degree of hypokalemia and K depletion.
Gamma Oscillation by Synaptic Inhibition in a Hippocampal Interneuronal Network Model

Fast neuronal oscillations (gamma, 20‐80 Hz) have been observed in the neocortex and hippocampus during behavioral arousal. Using computer simulations, we investigated the hypothesis that such rhythmic activity can emerge in a random network of interconnected GABAergic fast-spiking interneurons. Specific conditions for the population synchronization, on properties of single cells and the circuit, were identified. These include the following: (1) that the amplitude of spike afterhyperpolarization be above the GABAA synaptic reversal potential; (2) that the ratio between the synaptic decay time constant and the oscillation period be sufficiently large; (3) that the effects of heterogeneities be modest because of a steep frequency‐current relationship of fastspiking neurons. Furthermore, using a population coherence measure, based on coincident firings of neural pairs, it is demonstrated that large-scale network synchronization requires a critical (minimal) average number of synaptic contacts per cell, which is not sensitive to the network size. By changing the GABAA synaptic maximal conductance, synaptic decay time constant, or the mean external excitatory drive to the network, the neuronal firing frequencies were gradually and monotonically varied. By contrast, the network synchronization was found to be high only within a frequency band coinciding with the gamma (20‐80 Hz) range. We conclude that the GABAA synaptic transmission provides a suitable mechanism for synchronized gamma oscillations in a sparsely connected network of fast-spiking interneurons. In turn, the interneuronal network can presumably maintain subthreshold oscillations in principal cell populations and serve to synchro
Nuclear magnetic resonance titration curves of histidine ring protons. I. Influence of neighboring charged groups.

Abstract Several imidazole derivatives bearing titratable charged groups adjacent to the imidazole ring have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. Curves relating the chemical shift values of the C-2 and C-4 ring proton resonance signals of these compounds to the solvent pH have been examined. These curves clearly demonstrate effects corresponding to the titration of the neighboring charged groups in addition to the effect of protonation of the imidazole ring in each case. The conclusions drawn from these data may be useful in interpreting similar titration curves of the histidine ring proton signals of proteins.
Doctoral Research on Social Work Practice: A Proposed Agenda.

Abstract This paper discusses various issues relevant to direct practice and/or clinical dissertations in social work. Specific requirements for such dissertations are proposed, including the suggestions that the research have direct applications for the improvement of practice methods and that dissertations in social work should be distinguished from those in related areas. Issues related to the role of supervisory faculty and curriculum needs are also explored. The authors express a decided preference for experimental outcome studies which evaluate the efficacy of social work interventions, and propose a national research agenda among social work doctoral programs to foster such research.
Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Thymidine Kinase Mutants Created by Semi-Random Sequence Mutagenesis Improve Prodrug-mediated Tumor Cell Killing

Cancer suicide gene therapy affords the prospect of using the most optimal genes available because the source of the therapeutic gene is often irrelevant. Currently, there are numerous preclinical and clinical trials to develop tumor ablative therapies that use viral, yeast, or bacterial genes. One such gene, the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) is widely used as a suicide gene in combination with ganciclovir. In the study reported here, a restricted set of random sequences (semi-random) was introduced into the active site of HSV-1 TK, and the resulting variants were selected on the basis of their ability to confer increased ganciclovir or acyclovir sensitivity to Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis demonstrated that functional mutants contained three to five amino acid substitutions that are unique and novel combinations. On the basis of enzyme assay results, three mutants were identified for further analysis in vitro. These three mutants conferred substantial increased sensitivity to both ganciclovir and acyclovir when compared with IC50s of wild-type TK expressing rat C6 glioma cells. One mutant, SR39, was further evaluated in a xenograft tumor model in nude mice. Expression of SR39 in tumors was shown to prevent tumor growth at prodrug dosages that did not affect wild-type HSV-1 TK-expressing tumors. The use of any of these mutants as a suicide gene should provide a more effective and safer alternative to wild-type TK, because lower, less immunosuppressive doses of ganciclovir will be necessary for tumor ablation, and the use of acyclovir may now be possible.
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of Recombinant Histone Acetyltransferase Proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the biochemical and structural characterization of recombinant Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) proteins. In particular, the chapter focuses on the methodologies used to prepare HAT proteins and also talks about the activity of HAT proteins. The methodologies are outlined for preparing recombinant HAT domains of the Gcn5/PCAF. MYST family of HAT proteins should be generally applicable for the preparation of HAT domains from other HAT families. The enzymes that regulate histone acetylation, called HATs, were one of the first to be characterized biochemically. To date, over 20 different HAT proteins are characterized that fall into distinct families that generally have high sequence similarity within the catalytic HAT domain and related substrate specificity within families, but have divergent sequence and substrate specificity between families. In addition, HAT proteins usually contain other conserved domains with autonomous transcription-related functions that also seem to be family specific, consistent with the ability of HAT proteins to coordinate other transcription-related activities. In vivo , HAT enzymes are the catalytic subunits of multisubunit protein complexes, and distinct HAT proteins acetylate specific lysine residues within specific N-terminal histone tails. The functional and structural studies carried out on the Gcn5/PCAF and MYST HAT families have provided important insights into the overall architecture of HAT proteins and the mode of catalysis and substrate binding.
The Electrical Engineering Handbook

Part 1 Circuits: passive components voltage and current sources linear circuit analysis passive signal processing nonlinear circuits Laplace transform state variables, W.-K. Chen the z-transform, R.C. Dorf and Z. Wan t-pi equivalent networks transfer functions of filters frequency response stability analysis. Part 2 Signal processing: digital signal processing speech signal processing spectral estimation and modelling multidimensional signal processing VLSI for signal processing acoustic signal processing neural networks. Part 3 Electronics: semiconductors semiconductor manufacturing integrated circuits surface mount technologies operational amplifiers amplifiers computer-aided circuit simulation active filters power electronics optoelectrics D/A and A/D converters thermal management of electronics. Part 4 Electromagnetics: electromagnetic fields magnetism and magnetic fields wave propagation antennas microwave devices compatibility lightwave solid state circuits three-dimensional analysis computational electromagnetics. Part 5 Electrical effects and devices: electroacoustic devices surface acoustic wave filters ultrasound ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials piezoresistivity the Hall effect superconductivity pyroelectric materials and devices dielectrics and insulators sensors magneto-optics smart materials. Part 6 Energy: conventional power generation distributed power generation transmission power transformers energy distribution electrical machines energy management. Part 7 Communications: broadcasting digital communication optical communication networks B-ISDN information theory satellites and aerospace personal and office phase locked loop telemetry computer-aided design and analysis of communication systems. Part 8 Digital devices: logic elements memory devices logical devices microprocessors displays data acquisition testing. Part 9 Computer engineering: organization programming memory systems input and output software engineering computer graphics computer networks fault tolerance knowledge engineering parallel processors operating systems computer security computer reliability. Part 10 Systems: control systems robotics aerospace systems command, control and communications (c3) industrial systems man-machine systems vehicular systems industrial illuminating systems instruments navigation systems. Part 11 Biomedical systems bioelectricity biomedical sensors bioelectronics and instruments medical imaging rehabilitation engineering biocomputing safety and risk control issues.
The effects of developmental nicotine exposure on hypoglossal motoneuron morphology and electrophysiology (871.2)

Developmental nicotine exposure (DNE) is known to have significant effects on motoneuron electrophysiology and morphology. Previous work in hypoglossal motoneurons (XIIMN) of neonatal rats exposed ...
STUDENT SURVEYS AND CALCULUS REFORM

ABSTRACT This article reports on the results of a survey of student demographics, work and study habits administered to freshmen in mathematics courses at CSU Fullerton. Implications for curriculum and course reform efforts are discussed, along with some of the practical aspects of the design and administration of such a survey. Although the survey was restricted to mathematics courses, the use of such surveys may be of interest to the broader academic community. * Based on a presentation given at the Conference on the Teaching of Calculus held at Harvard University on 12–13 June 1992.
Phorbol Myristate Acetate Inhibits α1-Adrenergically but Not Thyrotropin-Regulated Functions in FRTL-5 Rat Thyroid Cells

The iodination of thyroglobulin and the formation of thyroid hormones are regulated by α1-adrenergic agents as well as TSH in rat FRTL-5 cells. The regulatory effects of the a-i-adrenergic agents and TSH on both of these processes are associated with an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ and an increase in that component of iodide efflux that is representative of the movement of iodide from the thyroid cell into the follicular lumen. When FRTL-5 cells are preincubated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for at least 3 min, the norepinephrinestimulated changes in cytosolic Ca2+ levels and iodide efflux are inhibited. In contrast, PMA pretreatment has no effect on iodide efflux and actually enhances the changes in cytosolic Ca2+ induced by TSH. Phorbol myristate acetate pretreatment has no effect on TSH-stimulated cAMP-mediated iodide uptake in FRTL-5 cells, nor does it affect the binding parameters of the α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin. These data suggest 1) that protein kinase C is involved in a feed...
The effects of adrenergic agonists and age on lipogenesis in avian hepatocytes.

1. 1. Adrenergic inhibition of lipogenesis was examined in vitro using hepatocytes isolated from chickens 2–9 weeks old. 2. 2. Lipogenesis was inhibited by β1, β2 and α1 agonists. Greatest inhibition occurred when more than one type of receptor was stimulated. 3. 3. Clonidine (α2-agonist) may have stimulated lipogenesis. 4. 4. Responsiveness to the agonists decreased as the chickens got older.
Cytokines and tumor metastasis gene variants in oral cancer and precancer in Puerto Rico.

Objectives A cross-sectional epidemiological study explored genetic susceptibility to oral precancer and cancer in Puerto Rico (PR). Materials and Methods Three hundred three individuals with a benign oral condition, oral precancer (oral epithelial hyperplasia/hyperkeratosis, oral epithelial dysplasia), or oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) were identified via PR pathology laboratories. A standardized, structured questionnaire obtained information on epidemiological variables; buccal cells were collected for genetic analysis. Genotyping was performed using Taqman® assays. Allelic frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated in cytokine genes and genes influencing tumor metastasis. Risk estimates for a diagnosis of oral precancer or SCCA while having a variant allele were generated using logistic regression. Adjusted models controlled for age, gender, ancestry, education, smoking and alcohol consumption. Results Relative to persons with a benign oral lesion, individuals with homozygous recessive allelic variants of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) −238 A/G SNP had a reduced odds of having an oral precancer (ORadjusted = 0.15; 95% CI 0.03–0.70). The transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1 −509 C/T) polymorphism was inversely associated with having an oral SCCA among persons homozygous for the recessive variant (ORcrude = 0.27; 95% CI 0.09–0.79). The matrix metalloproteinase gene (MMP-1) variant, rs5854, was associated with oral SCCA; participants with even one variant allele were more likely to have oral SCCA (ORadjusted = 2.62, 95% CI 1.05–6.53) compared to people with ancestral alleles. Conclusion Our exploratory analyses suggest that genetic alterations in immune system genes and genes with metastatic potential are associated with oral precancer and SCCA risk in PR.
A Meta-Analysis of Self-Attributions Following Three Types of Trauma: Sexual Victimization, Illness, and Injury

Victim self-attributions (e.g., that one caused an event or was responsible for its occurrence) have been discussed frequently in the trauma literature. However, little empirical work has sought to test the extant theoretical models conceptualizing why self-attributions occur. We investigated by meta-analysis the prevalence and predictors of self-attributions following 3 traumatic events-sexual victimization, illness, and severe injury-in an attempt to identify predictors of self-attributions and to examine extant theoretical models. The results supported that self-attribution is not the modal response to trauma. In addition, partial support was found for the extant theoretical models, but no one model could explain the entire pattern of findings. Implications of these results for future empirical and theoretical work are discussed.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF LIFE‐SAFETY: THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES AND “HAZARDOUS‐STRUCTURE ABATEMENT,” 1973–1981

The life-safety threat posed by earthquake-vulnerable buildings is widely recognized. This paper outlines the long battle fought in the City of Los Angeles to enact an ordinance intended to abate the hazard. The author also offers a series of both necessary and sufficient factors explaining Los Angelesl ultimate success.
Tendencias en resucitación cardiopulmonar

Less than 10% of those individuals who suffer an episode of sudden cardiac arrest are successfully resuscitated and return home to live productive lives. New approaches to cardiac resuscitation could substantially improve such dismal outcome. Four current trends that have the greatest potential for improving outcome can be recognized in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): (1) systems to prevent cardiac arrests through recognition of early warning signs and timely intervention, (2) a shift towards a flow-based resuscitation emphasizing the delivery of high-quality uninterrupted CPR limiting the role of ventilation, (3) the growing role of technology in driving resuscitation interventions, incrementally enhancing the human decision-making process, and (4) the use of hypothermia.
The influence of land cover-related changes on the NDVI-based satellite agricultural drought indices

Drought is a natural climatic event that often causes sharp declines in agricultural production. In recent years, drought indices based on remote sensing products have been developed on the premise that photosynthetic rate of vegetation slows down under drought/water stress, and this can be accurately tracked by the satellite data and methods. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the most popular index with the long historical record to monitor terrestrial vegetation state around the world. It has been suggested that drought-induced NDVI decline can be confused with non-drought-related NDVI decline (e.g., fire, flood, land cover/land use change, pest infestation) in the NDVI-based drought method. To investigate the effect of land cover-related changes on the NDVI-based drought indices, we selected the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), a popular NDVI-based drought index. We found that deforestation (i.e., land cover change) is falsely classified as drought in the VCI method, hence producing the false drought signals during the non-drought years. However, these false drought signals can be eliminated from drought maps with the help of spatial filters (e.g., median filter) because they are small scale signals relative to the study area size. Furthermore, the rotation of agricultural crops (e.g., crop rotation between corn and soybean) reduces the accuracy of drought reporting when crop rotation is not considered in the drought index computation because crop rotation annually accounts for over 50% agricultural land in Iowa, it has a significant impact on the NDVI-based drought methods. In conclusion, it can be said that the influence of land cover-related changes on the NDVI-based drought indicators is proportional to the size of non-drought related changes relative to the study area.
Visualization of Mobile Network Simulations

The use of adaptive techniques in mobile networks permits scalable resource allocation policies to meet varying demand as well as Quality of Service (QoS) performance objectives. As these algorithms operate at multiple layers of the communications architecture, evaluation of such techniques must take into account a variety of scenarios, which are in turn parameterized by a large number of variables. The need to monitor algorithm behavior in real time results in a data explosion. In this work, we propose new real-time metrics to characterize and identify the critical states of a mobile network in the wake of channel failures, congestion, signal degradation, etc. We use these metrics to define a survivability index, a measure of mobile network performance in the wake of failures. We demonstrate the effectiveness of information visualization techniques in understanding the complex spatial and temporal relationships between performance and cost metrics that influence adaptive algorithms. Our visualization system is highly scalable and interactive, permitting multiple algorithms to be simultaneously evaluated. We demonstrate applications to network monitoring and to the design and evaluation of adaptive admission control algorithms.
Unbiased estimation in type II censored samples from a one-truncation parameter density

We consider uniform minimum variance unbiased estimation of a U-estimable function when the sample is (singly) Type II censored and comes from a one-truncation parameter density f(x;θ) = h(x) q(θ). An explicit expression for the estimator is derived. Shortest length confidence interval for q(θ) is obtained.
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING AND ENERGY POLICY

Unable to learn from its mistakes or to foster the type of social learning required to facilitate a less disruptive energy disruption, DOE is still a part of the energy problem instead of its solution. A more adaptive approach to energy planning, one which learns from bureaucratic mistakes, would refocus energy policy on the building of resilient (less subject to shock) energy systems. The author outlines some of these potential learning experiences in the recent history of DOE, and suggests a craft of policy development which might be useful in numerous complex organizations. 21 references.
Is elevated contact stress predictive of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis for imprecisely reduced tibial plafond fractures?

Despite the widely held belief that residual incongruities from intra-articular fractures subject the joint to contact stresses that predispose to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), objective evidence has been lacking. This study tested the hypothesis that a metric of elevated contact stress exposure would predict the onset of PTOA. The ankles of ten tibial plafond fracture patients were treated initially using a spanning fixator, with subsequent screw fixation of the articular surface. Following up on an earlier report of finite element computed post-operative contact stress distributions in these patients’ ankles, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scores were assessed from minimum two-year follow-up radiographs to characterize the presence/severity of PTOA. At that time point, seven patients had developed PTOA (KL ≥ 2). Five different metrics of contact stress exposure were calculated, all of which exhibited excellent concordance with KL scores, ranging from 88% to 95%. When time of stress exposure was included, one metric was able to predict PTOA development (KL ≥ 2) with 100% reliability, and all metrics exhibited greater than 94% prediction reliability. These findings, albeit in a small population, support the existence of a contact stress exposure threshold above which incongruously reduced tibial plafond fractures are highly likely to develop PTOA.
Values levers and the unintended consequences of design

Values Levers are defined as design "practices that open new conversations about social values and encourage consensus around those values as design criteria [5]." One values lever that is often unnoticed is that of white nationalist appropriation. White Nationalists are often "othered" as extremists which obfuscates rhetoric around racism. In return, levers about race are only pulled during the design process if it is overt in its racial sensitivity. We often refer to this as political correctness or more appropriately "racism without racists [1]." This research represents one case study of the unintended white nationalist appropriation of content within The Elder Scrolls: Skyrim. By building on a discussion originated by white nationalists, we hope to pull a values lever that approaches multi-cultural and multi-national content that doesn't focus on racism as an extremist activity but an unintended consequence of well-intended design.
The songs of Hugo Wolf

This book concentrates on the 242 published songs that Wolfe wrote for voice and piano, though the Ibsen songs for voice and orchestra are also discussed. English translations are provided together with the German texts and the background to the original poems - by Morike, Eichendorff and Goethe, as well as the Italian and Spanish sources from which the songbooks were drawn - are fully explored. Each song is dated, its keys identified and vocal range determined.