cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effective Widths of Compression-Loaded Plates With a Cutout

A study of the effects of cutouts and laminate construction on the prebuckling and initial postbuckling stiffnesses, and the effective widths of compression-loaded, laminated-composite and aluminum square plates is presented. The effective-width concept is extended to plates with cutouts, and experimental and nonlinear finite-element analysis results are presented. Behavioral trends are compared for seven plate families and for cutout-diameter-to-plate-width ratios up to 0.66. A general compact design curve that can be used to present and compare the effective widths for a wide range of laminate constructions is also presented. A discussion of how the results can be used and extended to include certain types of damage, cracks, and other structural discontinuities or details is given. Several behavioral trends are described that initially appear to be nonintuitive. The results demonstrate a complex interaction between cutout size and plate orthotropy that affects the axial stiffness and effective width of a plate subjected to compression loads.
Synthesis and investigation of cobalt chalcogenide clusters with thienyl phosphine ligands as new acceptor materials for P3HT

Cobalt selenide clusters with 2-bromo-5-diethylphosphinothiophene (1) and 2-bromo-5-diphenylphosphinothiophene (2) ligands are described. The phosphine ligands are obtained via lithium halogen exchange of 2,5-dibromothiophene followed by addition of chlorodiethylphosphine and chlorodiphenylphosphine, respectively. The prepared phosphine ligands are then sequentially reacted with elemental selenium followed by dicobalt octacarbonyl to yield Co6Se8(P(Et)2(C4H2SBr))6 (3) or Co6Se8(P(Ph)2(C4H2SBr))6 (4), respectively. The two new cobalt selenide clusters were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. Emission spectra were recorded for the addition of, Co6Se8(PEt3)6 (5), 3, and 4 to a 0.004 wt% solution of poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) in toluene to investigate the charge transport of the system. The quenching of the polymers’ emission follows first-order like decay for each cluster. Clusters 3 and 4 are approximately twice as efficient at quenching the emission than cluster 5 with 4 being slightly more efficient than 3. Simple mixtures of 3, 4 or 5 and P3HT were spun cast from toluene into thin films and atomic force microscopy displayed relatively uniform dispersion of 3 and network-like formation of 4 in contrast to the phase separation of 5 in the polymer films.
Polylingual Topic Models

Topic models are a useful tool for analyzing large text collections, but have previously been applied in only monolingual, or at most bilingual, contexts. Meanwhile, massive collections of interlinked documents in dozens of languages, such as Wikipedia, are now widely available, calling for tools that can characterize content in many languages. We introduce a polylingual topic model that discovers topics aligned across multiple languages. We explore the model's characteristics using two large corpora, each with over ten different languages, and demonstrate its usefulness in supporting machine translation and tracking topic trends across languages.
Electronic transport in self-organizing columnar phases

This paper presents measurements of time-of-flight charge carrier mobility and thermal optical polarized microscopy on a new class of columnar liquid crystals (LC) self-organized into hexagonal columnar mesophase self-assembled form functionalized dendrons. We discuss the temperature and electric field-independent high hole mobility of 1-3.5×10 -3 cm 2 /Vs. The anomalous temperature behavior of the mobility is consistent with polaron transport mechanisms. Studies of time-of-flight transients, which reveal evidence for dynamic defects with lifetimes in the range of 10 -6 s, are presented as aspects of charge gneeration and recombination kinetics. We demonstrate the enhancement of electron transport in acene-based dendron LCs by dopign wtih TNF-based dendron molecules.
Feeding Processes in Solenophrya micraster Penard 1914

The feeding processes of Salenophrya micraster were studied and described in relation to the apparent selection of acceptable live prey ciliates, the feeding time in relation to the number of tentacles operative, and the contractile vacuole rate during feeding and subsequent reproduction. On the basis of these observations, the fundamental mechanisms involved in the suctorian feeding process are discussed.
Sex-role development and response to medication by psychiatric in-patients.

This study explored the relationship between sex-role development and response to taking medication by male and female psychiatric inpatients. The major hypotheses were that the more feminine an S's orientation the less resistance he would show to taking medication, the fewer adverse side effects he would report, and the fewer unusual body distortions he would acknowledge. All hypotheses were supported for women, and trends were noted for the second and third hypotheses for men. Differences between the men and women in length of hospitalization and drug treatment may account for the difference in results.
Note: Gaps in samples of geometric random variables

In this note we continue the study of gaps in samples of geometric random variables originated in Hitczenko and Knopfmacher [Gap-free compositions and gap-free samples of geometric random variables. Discrete Math. 294 (2005) 225-239] and continued in Louchard and Prodinger [The number of gaps in sequences of geometrically distributed random variables, Preprint available at (number 81 on the list) or at ] In particular, since the notion of a gap differs in these two papers, we derive some of the results obtained in Louchard and Prodinger [The number of gaps in sequences of geometrically distributed random variables, Preprint available at (number 81 on the list) or at ] for gaps as defined in Hitczenko and Knopfmacher [Gap-free compositions and gap-free samples of geometric random variables. Discrete Math. 294 (2005) 225-239].
The Relationship among Attributions, Divergent Thinking, and Retention of Nonsense Syllables and Nonrelated Words.

Students' employment of meaning through cognitive strategies in a retention task was explored in terms of attributional assignment and/or divergent thinking. Students were randomly assigned to either a list of nonsense syllables or nonrelated words. Attributional assignment was measured by Lefcourt's Multidimensional-Multiattributional Causality Scales (MMCS – IV); divergent thinking was measured by Guilford's tests of Fluency, Flexibility, and Originality. A questionnaire assessing students' beliefs regarding success and failure was also administered. No relationship was found among attributional assignment as measured by the MMCS-IV, divergent thinking, and retention. Strategy use was not related to retention. Students' attributional beliefs regarding failure were predictive of retention for the nonsense syllables. Discussion suggests the need to distinguish between tactic and strategy through analysis of metacognitive processes. Interpretation of the results may indicate that the divergent-thinking measures were not sensitive enough and/or the retention task did not require these divergent-thinking skills.
Incorporating quantity discounts to the EOQ model with transportation costs

Abstract This article extends a previous Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model with two modes of transportation, namely truckload (TL) and less than truckload (LTL) carriers, by introducing all-units and incremental quantity discount structures into the analysis. Exact algorithms are developed for each quantity discount structure to compute optimal policies for single-stage models over an infinite planning horizon.
Biosynthesis of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) from Ethanol and Pentanol by Alcaligenes eutrophus

An alcohol utilizing Alcaligenes eutrophus NCIMB 12080 produced a copolymer, poly-(hydroxybutyrate–valerate) (PHBV), in a computer-controlled 7-L fed-batch fermentor when the alcohol feed contained pentanol. Pentanol as a sole carbon source was not efficient either for cell growth or for PHBV production. To achieve better cell growth and polymer production, two kinds of alcohol switch experiments were performed. The first was initial cell growth on a mixture of 50% ethanol (0.25 g/L) plus 50% pentanol (0.25 g/L) and a subsequent switch to 100% pentanol (0.5 g/L). After the alcohol switch, PHBV with 99 mol % hydroxyvalerate was produced for 7–11 h. Afterward, the hydroxybutyrate (HB) composition increased and the hydroxyvalerate (HV) mol % decreased to 63.1 mol %. The total cell mass was 5.4 g/L. The second alcohol switch was from 100% ethanol (0.5 g/L) to a mixture of 80% ethanol (0.4 g/L) plus 20% pentanol (0.1 g/L). A large amount of copolymer (47 g/L) was produced with a high polymer yield (0.64 g of polymer/g of alcohol), but the HV mol % did not exceed 13.5%. Residual biomass was 8.0 g/L.
Age-related deficits in long-term potentiation are insensitive to hydrogen peroxide: coincidence with enhanced autophosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can have deleterious effects for both normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the hypothesis that synapses undergoing long-term potentiation (LTP) are preferentially at risk for ROS-mediated oxidative stress during aging. We observed age-dependent deficits in LTP induced by a high-frequency stimulation (HFS) protocol in the CA1 region of hippocampus from C57BL/6 mice. There was a significant difference between LTP measured over 60 min in young (1-2 months) and old (23-26 months) mice. In oxidative stress studies, exogenous H(2)O(2) (580 micro M) significantly inhibited LTP in young mice; a similar dose of H(2)O(2) failed to inhibit LTP in slices from adult (2-4 months) or from old mice. The results show that there are significant deficits in LTP in aging mice, but such deficits are insensitive to H(2)O(2). Western immunoblotting studies in young mice show that the relative levels of autophosphorylated alpha-Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) are unchanged in hippocampal CA1 treated with H(2)O(2) relative to untreated controls. However with aging, there is a significant enhancement in the levels of autophosphorylated CaMKII in H(2)O(2)-treated CA1 of older mice. Phosphorylation of RC3/neurogranin (Ng) by protein kinase C (PKC) is decreased in CA1 in response to H(2)O(2) treatment, irrespective of age. We propose that, during aging, enhanced local release of H(2)O(2) from mitochondria may induce a compensatory "ceiling" effect at synapses, so that the levels of autophosphorylated alpha CaMKII are aberrantly saturated, leading to alterations in synaptic plasticity.
Innovations in Individual Feature History Management--The Significance of Feature-based Temporal Model

A feature relies on three dimensions (space, theme, and time) for its representation. Even though spatiotemporal models have been proposed, they have principally focused on the spatial changes of a feature. In this paper, a feature-based temporal model is proposed to represent the changes of both space and theme independently. The proposed model modifies the ISO's temporal schema and adds new explicit temporal relationship structure that stores temporal topological relationship with the ISO's temporal primitives of a feature in order to keep track feature history. The explicit temporal relationship can enhance query performance on feature history by removing topological comparison during query process. Further, a prototype system has been developed to test a proposed feature-based temporal model by querying land parcel history in Athens, Georgia. The result of temporal query on individual feature history shows the efficiency of the explicit temporal relationship structure.
Atmospheric science: Storminess in a warming world

Storms that form in mid-latitude storm-track regions play a critical role in Earth's climate system. Now satellite observations indicate that changes in their location and intensity may be acting as a positive feedback to global warming.
Conceptual Suggestions for Outcome Research in Sex Therapy

This paper makes two basic conceptual suggestions that may encourage more meaningful studies of the effectiveness of sex therapy: (1) Dysfunctions consist of deficits of one or more of the basic components of sexual life: desire, arousal, orgasm, emotional satisfaction. (2) There are three distinct perspectives for determining therapeutic success--(a) reversal of the target component deficit, (b) absence of all of an individual's component deficits, and (c) absence of all component deficits in both partners. Follow-up data should be classified according to each perspective and presented separately. The "cure" rates diminish as the criteria for success become more stringent--i.e., moving from the first to the third perspective. The use of these perspectives highlights the strengths and limitations of current treatment techniques.
Biosynthesis of Lovastatin Analogs with a Broadly Specific Acyltransferase

Summary The natural product lovastatin and its semisynthetic, more effective derivative, simvastatin, are important drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of a dedicated acyltransferase, LovD, encoded in the lovastatin biosynthetic pathway. We demonstrate that LovD has broad substrate specificity towards the acyl carrier, the acyl substrate, and the decalin acyl acceptor. LovD can efficiently catalyze the acyl transfer from coenzyme A thioesters or N -acetylcysteamine (SNAC) thioesters to monacolin J. When α-dimethylbutyryl-SNAC was used as the acyl donor, LovD was able to convert monacolin J and 6-hydroxyl-6-desmethylmonacolin J into simvastatin and huvastatin, respectively. Using the Escherichia coli LovD overexpression strain as a whole-cell biocatalyst, preparative amounts of simvastatin were synthesized in a single fermentation step. Our results demonstrate LovD is an attractive enzyme for engineered biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important cholesterol-lowering drugs.
Variations of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water from Direct Observations

AbstractMooring measurements from the Kuroshio Extension System Study (June 2004–June 2006) and from the ongoing Kuroshio Extension Observatory (June 2004–present) are combined with float measurements of the Argo network to study the variability of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) across the entire gyre, on time scales from days, to seasons, to a decade. The top of the STMW follows a seasonal cycle, although observations reveal that it primarily varies in discrete steps associated with episodic wind events. The variations of the STMW bottom depth are tightly related to the sea surface height (SSH), reflecting mesoscale eddies and large-scale variations of the Kuroshio Extension and recirculation gyre systems. Using the observed relationship between SSH and STMW, gridded SSH products and in situ estimates from floats are used to construct weekly maps of STMW thickness, providing nonbiased estimates of STMW total volume, annual formation and erosion volumes, and seasonal and interannual varia...
An Examination of Gender of Aggressor and Target (Un)wanted Sex and Nonconsent on Perceptions of Sexual (Un)wantedness, Justifiability and Consent

This investigation examines the relationship between gender of sexual aggressor and perceptions of sexual aggressor justifiability and target (un)wantedness and (non)consent. Collecting online data, 342 men and 375 women (ages 18 to 63 (M = 22.22, SD = 5.53), involved in various relational stages, participated. Results indicate that sexual aggression on an unwanting and nonconsenting target is perceived as more grievous than sexual aggression on a wanting, but nonconsenting, target, and the impact appears to be more pronounced for women than it is for men. Specifically, when the man is the sexual aggressor on a female target, it is perceived more negatively than when the woman is the sexual aggressor and the man is the target. Similarly, a woman pursuing unwanted sex by the male target is not perceived as negatively as when a man pursues sex with an unwanting female target. Discussion follows addressing how the findings inform sexual script theory and stereotypes about men, women and sexuality.
Transplanted adult hematopoietic stems cells differentiate into functional endothelial cells

During early embryogenesis, blood vessels and hematopoietic cells arise from a common precursor cell, the hemangioblast. Recent studies have identified endothelial progenitor cells in the peripheral blood, and there is accumulating evidence that a subset of these cells is derived from precursors in the bone marrow. Here we show that adult bone marrow-derived, phenotypically defined hematopoietic stem cells (c-kit+, Sca-1+, lineage-) give rise to functional endothelial cells. With the exception of the brain, donor-derived cells are rapidly integrated into blood vessels. Durably engrafted endothelial cells express CD31, produce von Willebrand factor, and take up low-density lipoprotein. Analysis of DNA content indicates that donor-derived endothelial cells are not the products of cell fusion. Self-renewal of stem cells with hematopoietic and endothelial cell potential was revealed by serial transplantation studies. The clonal origin of both hematopoietic and endothelial cell outcomes was established by the transfer of a single cell. These results suggest that adult bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells may serve as a reservoir for endothelial cell progenitors.
Etiquette and the design of educational technology

Motives for designing tact, courtesy, and even humor into educational tools must be intrinsically understood and appreciated before applied.
Resurrecting ancient genes: experimental analysis of extinct molecules

There are few molecular fossils: with the rare exception of DNA fragments preserved in amber, ice or peat, no physical remnants preserve the intermediate forms that existed during the evolution of today's genes. But ancient genes can now be reconstructed, expressed and functionally characterized, thanks to improved techniques for inferring and synthesizing ancestral sequences. This approach, known as 'ancestral gene resurrection', offers a powerful new way to empirically test hypotheses about the function of genes from the deep evolutionary past.
Radiosensitivity and time of origin of Mauthner neuron in the zebra fish.

Abstract Mauthner (M-) cells were frequently missing in zebra fishes γ-irradiated with 1000 rad during gastrula stages until about 12 hr after fertilization. The cells were resistant after this time. The S phase of the final cell cycle of M-cell precursors ends between 9 and 12 hr. This indicates that the M-cell precursors are sensitive to irradiation before the end of their final cell division. The M-cell deletions appear to be at random and require killing of only one or a small number of cells.
Quantifying ERK2-protein interactions by fluorescence anisotropy: PEA-15 inhibits ERK2 by blocking the binding of DEJL domains.

Abstract While mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways constitute highly regulated networks of protein–protein interactions, little quantitative information for these interactions is available. Here we highlight recent fluorescence anisotropy binding studies that focus on the interactions of ERK1 and ERK2 with PEA-15 (antiapoptotic phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes—15 kDa), a small protein that sequesters ERK2 in the cytoplasm. The regulation of ERK2 by PEA-15 is appraised in the light of a simple equilibrium-binding model for reversible ERK2 nucleoplasmic–cytoplasmic shuttling, which elaborates on the theory of Burack and Shaw (J. Biol. Chem. 280, 3832–3837; 2005). Also highlighted is the recent observation that the peptide N-QKGKPRDLELPLSPSL-C, derived from the docking site for ERK/JNK and LEL (DEJL) in Elk-1, displaces PEA-15 from ERK2. It is proposed that the C-terminus of PEA-15 (121LXLXXXXKK129) is a reverse DEJL domain [which has a general consensus of R/K-ϕA-X3/4-ϕB, where ϕA and ϕB are hydrophobic residues (Leu, Ile, or Val)], which mediates one arm of a bidentate PEA-15 interaction with ERK2. The notion that PEA-15 is a potent inhibitor of many ERK2-mediated phosphorylations, by virtue of its ability to block ERK2–DEJL domain interactions, is proposed.
Stock splits, trading continuity, and the cost of equity capital

Abstract We hypothesize that managers use stock splits to attract more uninformed trading so that market makers can provide liquidity services at lower costs, thereby increasing investors’ trading propensity and improving liquidity. We examine a large sample of stock splits and find that, consistent with our hypothesis, the incidence of no trading decreases and liquidity risk is lower following splits, implying a decline in latent trading costs and a reduced cost of equity capital. Further, split announcement returns are correlated with the improvements in both liquidity levels and liquidity risk. Our analysis suggests nontrivial economic benefits from liquidity improvements, with less liquid firms benefiting more from stock splits.
Aldosterone deficiency prevents high-fat-feeding-induced hyperglycaemia and adipocyte dysfunction in mice.

Aims/hypothesis Obesity is associated with aldosterone excess, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome, but the relative contribution of aldosterone to obesity-related complications is debated. We previously demonstrated that aldosterone impairs insulin secretion, and that genetic aldosterone deficiency increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo. We hypothesised that elimination of endogenous aldosterone would prevent obesity-induced insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia.
Characterization of strange attractors in drift wave microturbulence

A multigrid particle-in-cell algorithm for a shearless slab drift wave model with kinetic electrons is presented. The algorithm, which is based on an exact separation of adiabatic and nonadiabatic electron responses, is used to investigate the presence of strange attractors in drift wave turbulence. Although the simulation model has a large number of degrees of freedom, it is found that the strange attractor is low-dimensional and that it is strongly affected by dissipative (collisional) effects.
Effect of pre‐anesthetic meperidine on gastro‐esophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs

Meperidine has been shown to decrease lower esophageal sphincter tone in monkeys and people, to have little effect in cats, and to physically increase it in dogs. We hypothesized that administration of meperidine to dogs before anesthesia would decrease the probability of GER during the subsequent anesthetic. In this randomized, prospective clinical trial we aimed to determine the incidence of GER in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery and receiving either meperidine or morphine prior to anesthesia. Dogs were admitted to the study, if they were healthy, with no history of vomiting or dysphagia. Dogs were fasted overnight. Dogs were received either morphine (0.66 mg kg–1 IM) or meperidine (8.8 mg kg–1 IM) with acepromazine. Anesthesia in all dogs included thiopental and isoflurane in oxygen. To measure esophageal pH a sensor-tipped catheter was placed with the tip 5–7 cm cranial to the lower esophageal sphincter, and connected to a computer for continual data collection. Dogs were observed for vomiting after pre-medication, and the pH of any fluid running from the mouth or nose during anesthesia was measured. Gastro-esophageal reflux was defined as a decrease in esophageal pH below 4 or an increase above 7.5 for greater than 15 seconds. One-way anova was used to test significance of differences between groups in parametric variables. Fisher's Exact test was used to test significance of differences in incidence between groups. In dogs receiving meperidine the incidence of vomiting was 0, and of GER was 31% (4/13), compared to 60% (6/10) and 60% (6/10), respectively in dogs receiving morphine. In this preliminary study, the administration of pre-anesthetic meperidine was associated with a 29% reduction in the absolute risk of GER compared to morphine.
Understanding the socio-economic and sexual behavioural correlates of male circumcision across eleven voluntary medical male circumcision priority countries in southeastern Africa

Male circumcision (MC) has been demonstrated to be effective and cost-effective for HIV/AIDS prevention. Global guidance to adopt this intervention was announced in 2007 for countries with high HIV/AIDS prevalence and low MC prevalence. However, scale up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs in MC priority countries have been slow. Many of these countries have particular cultural barriers that impede uptake of this effective intervention. This analysis explored correlates of MC status among men and their socio-economic, health and sexual behaviour factors using DHS data (2006–2011) from 11 MC priority countries. Our analysis included univariate unadjusted analyses for individual countries and the region (by combining all countries into one dataset) and a multiple logistic regression model. Individual country results vary widely but alignment was mostly found between unadjusted analyses and multiple logistic regression model. The model found that men who are of the Muslim faith, reside in urban areas, have higher or secondary education attainment, hold professional occupations, and be in the richest wealth quintile are more likely to be circumcised. Circumcision is also positively correlated with lower reports of STIs, safe sexual behaviour, and HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge. Since the data collected predate VMMC program launch in these countries, results can only indicate baseline associations. However, characteristics of these existing circumcision practices may be utilized for better population targeting and program management to achieve higher impact with this effective prevention strategy.
Learning Efficient Markov Networks

We present an algorithm for learning high-treewidth Markov networks where inference is still tractable. This is made possible by exploiting context-specific independence and determinism in the domain. The class of models our algorithm can learn has the same desirable properties as thin junction trees: polynomial inference, closed-form weight learning, etc., but is much broader. Our algorithm searches for a feature that divides the state space into subspaces where the remaining variables decompose into independent subsets (conditioned on the feature and its negation) and recurses on each subspace/subset of variables until no useful new features can be found. We provide probabilistic performance guarantees for our algorithm under the assumption that the maximum feature length is bounded by a constant k (the treewidth can be much larger) and dependences are of bounded strength. We also propose a greedy version of the algorithm that, while forgoing these guarantees, is much more efficient. Experiments on a variety of domains show that our approach outperforms many state-of-the-art Markov network structure learners.
Detection of sputtered neutrals by multi-photon resonance ionization

Recently, we have demonstrated the selective ionization of atoms sputtered from solids by Multiphoton Resonance Ionization (MPRI) [1,2]. Three salient features of MPRI coupled to ion beam methods make it attractive as an analytical tool. First, the technique can be applied to all elements but He and Ne. Next, MPRI can be made selective to a single element by appropriate choice of the excitation wavelength, eliminating the need for a high resolution mass spectrometer. Both ground and excited state atoms can be examined. Finally, MPRI is extremely sensitive, i.e., with adequate photon fluxes every atom in the laser beam can be ionized [3]. As a consequence of this high sensitivity, the flux of ejected neutral species can be monitored under low dose bombardment conditions. Thus, MPRI of sputtered neutrals should be applicable to problems of structural and chemical analysis, as well as trace level determinations.
Ectoparasites (Acari, Mallophaga, Anoplura, Diptera) of White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus from Southern Florida

During a 7-yr period (1984-1990), 300 white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), from 7 localities in Collier, Dade, and Monroe counties in southern Florida were examined for ectoparasites. Eight species were identified: 4 ticks [Ixodes scapularis Say, I. affinis Neumann, Amblyomma maculatum (Koch), and Dermacentor variabilis (Say)], 1 chigger mite [Eutrombicula splendens (Ewing)], 1 ked (Lipoptena mazamae Rondani), 1 chewing louse [Tricholipeurus lipeuroides (Megnin)], and 1 sucking louse [Solenopotes binipilosus (Fahrenholz)]. The most widely distributed and prevalent species were the deer ked L. mazamae and the blacklegged tick I. scapularis, both of which occurred in all 7 localities, in all years, and in all age classes of deer. Their overall prevalences were 82 and 22%, respectively. The prevalence of L. mazamae varied significantly by month. L. mazamae should be considered a core ectoparasite species of white-tailed deer in southern Florida because of its specificity, distribution, and high prevalence.
Steady-state analysis of short-wavelength, high-gain FELs in a large storage ring

Storage ring FELs have operated successfully in the low-gain regime using optical cavities. Discussions of a high-gain FEL in a storage ring typically involve a special bypass to decouple the FEL interaction from the storage ring dynamics. In this paper, we investigate the coupled dynamics of a high-gain FEL in a large storage ring such as PEP and analyze the equilibrium solution. We show that an FEL in the EUV and soft x-ray regimes can be integrated into a very bright storage ring and potentially provides three orders of magnitude improvement in the average brightness at these radiation wavelengths. We also discuss possibilities of seeding with HHG sources to obtain ultra-short, high-peak power EUV and soft x-ray pulses.
Novel Drug Development in the Developmental Disorders

This chapter highlights the diagnostic concepts of developmental disorders, summarizes salient research activities directed toward understanding deficits in autism from the neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and neurobiological perspectives, develops a framework for drug development aimed at therapeutic intervention in these disorders, and discusses prototypic agents that may be of value.
Impact of trained champions of comprehensive school physical activity programs on school physical activity offerings, youth physical activity and sedentary behaviors

article i nfo Available online 23 August 2014 Objective. A quasi-experimental cluster-controlled design was used to test the impact of comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) professional development on changes in school physical activity (PA) offerings, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviors of 9-14 year-old children during school. Methods. Two groups of Louisiana elementary and middle school physical education teachers (N =1 29) attended a CSPAP summer workshop (95 in 2012 = intervention, 34 in 2013 = control) and were assessed on school PA offerings (teacher-reported; pre, mid, and post). During the 2012-2013 school year, intervention teachers received CSPAP support while implementing new school PA programs. MVPA and sedentary behaviors were assessed (accelerometry; baseline and post) on a sample of 231 intervention, 120 control students from 16 different schools. Results. Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that intervention teachers reported significantly more PA offerings during school (3.35 vs. 2.37) and that involve staff (1.43 vs. 0.90). Three-level, mixed model regres- sions (stratified by sex) indicated that students overall spent less time in MVPA and more time being sedentary during school, but the effects were significantly blunted among intervention students, especially boys. Conclusions. This study provides preliminary evidence for CSPAP professional development programs to influence school-level PA offerings and offset student-level declines in MVPA and increases in sedentary
The Influence of Perceived Deservingness on Policy Decisions Regarding Aid to the Poor

In the current climate of welfare reform, it is important to understand how perceptions of the poor affect policy decisions. This paper examines how people distinguish between the undeserving poor and the deserving poor, and how this differentiation affects policy decisions. Survey respondents rated each policy in a set of hypothetical policies on a liberal-conservative continuum. Analyses were then conducted to explore differences in the respondents’ likelihood of recommending the most liberal and the most conservative of these policies. Study 1 demonstrated that liberal policies were more likely to be recommended and conservative policies were less likely to be recommended when the target group was perceived to be deserving rather than undeserving. Study 2 replicated this effect of perceived deservingness and demonstrated an effect of attribution of responsibility. That is, liberal policies were more likely to be recommended and conservative policies were less likely to be recommended when the responsibility for the target’s poverty was attributed to society rather than to the individual.
Urinary steroid evaluations to monitor ovarian function in exotic ungulates. VI : Pregnancy detection in exotic equidae

The measurement of serum and urinary estrone sulfate (ES) was evaluated on random single samples for the detection of pregnancy in the Przewalski's horse (PRZ) and Hartmann's mountain zebra (HMZ). Pregnancy was detected by ES analysis of urine or serum in the PRZ and HMZ by at least 8 and 10 months before delivery, respectively. The values of ES in both serum and urine are shown at various stages of gestation. Results indicate urinary ES analysis is a noninvasive early diagnosis for pregnancy in these species.
Semantic Image Classification for Medical Videos

Due to rapid advances in video technology and biomedicine, there has been a tremendous growth in the volume of medical video data for recent years. Exploring the full potential of medical information from these data by semantic analysis is highly desirable and very useful. In this paper, we focus on how to classify images into semantic categories effectively and efficiently. There are two major contributions in this paper. The first contribution is that our proposed approach performs classification without segmentation and processing of individual objects. The second contribution is the proposed multiclass boosting algorithms that utilize the common features which can be shared among different semantic categories. Experimental results have demonstrated that our method is a promising strategy to solve the semantic classification problem for medical video data. To the best of our knowledge, no similar research has been reported in the biomedical image computing field and we expect our research could provide useful insights for further investigation.
A late Holocene slip rate for the central North Anatolian fault, at Tahtaköprü, Turkey, from cosmogenic 10Be geochronology: Implications for fault loading and strain release rates

[1] Measurement of a stream offset and cosmogenic dating (10Be) of the alluvial surface into which the stream incised yield a preferred late Holocene slip rate of 18.6 +3.5/−3.3 mm a−1 for the central part of the North Anatolian fault (NAF) at Tahtakopru, Turkey; use of variable cosmogenic production rate (VPR) models yields a slightly slower rate of ∼16.4 +6.4/−4.5 mm a−1. The offset drainage (Karanlik Dere), which flows southward almost perpendicular to the east-west trace of the NAF at the site, is displaced right laterally by 55 ± 10 m, with no vertical displacement. A 10Be age of ∼3 ka (∼3.5 ka VPR) from the top of a boulder on the best preserved part of the incised alluvial surface provides the most reliable maximum age for the onset of incision; 11 10Be ages from cobbles collected from the cultivated surface to the south yield younger ages, consistent with exhumation, erosion, and mechanical mixing during plowing. Our 18.6 +3.5/−3.3 mm a−1 rate is similar to other geologic slip rates measured along the NAF, all of which cluster between 15 and 20 mm a−1 over a wide range of (103–105) timescales. All of these geological rates, however, are slower than the ∼25 ± 2 mm a−1 short-term rate of elastic strain accumulation measured geodetically. This disparity suggests the possibility that the NAF is experiencing a strain transient in which the lower crust beneath the fault is deforming faster than its long-term rate.
Failure Analysis of Surface Inversion

This paper is intended to give some guidance for a workshop session on surface inversion. It first highlights the key causes of surface inversion, such as electronic and ionic charges, surface and bulk contamination, and leakage mechanisms. Second, the paper describes a number of widely used failure analysis techniques which permit the study of surface inversion and accumulation in MOS and bipolar devices and circuits. These techniques include the evaluation of test structure data, as gained by capacitor and field plate arrangements at variable temperatures, and the analysis of actual circuits using the scanning electron microscope, the photoresponse scanner, the microprobe, and electrical characterization. As examples for surface inversion, temperature-voltage inversion, surface and bulk generated currents, and lateral charge spreading are described. Some final comments lead to the more encompassing subject of device parameter stability improvement by process control.
Gap Junction Effects on Precision and Frequency of a Model Pacemaker Network

We investigated the precision of spike timing in a model of gap junction-coupled oscillatory neurons. The model incorporated the known physiology, morphology, and connectivity of the weakly electri...
Diabetes in Pregnancy

1. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance resulting from either insulin deficiency or insulin insensitivity. 2. Exposure to elevated serum glucose is associated with increased risk for organogenic birth defects, macrosomic infants, shoulder dystocia, and birth trauma. 3. Gestational diabetes is defined as glucose intolerance first recognized during pregnancy.
Biochemical Polymorphism of the DPα and DPβ Chains

The human class II HLA-DP molecules are heterodimers of a 34–36,000 d polypeptide (DPα-chain) noncovalently associated to a 28–29,000 d polypeptide (DPβ-chain) with both the DPα and DPβ chains being encoded by genes located in the most centromeric region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (1–3). DP molecules, as the other class II molecules DR and DQ, can act as restriction elements for T-cell recognition of foreign antigens (4) and represent important histocompatibility antigens. Although the genetic polymorphism of the DP molecules can be shown by the use of serologic and cellular reagents (5,6), the precise biochemical characterization of the different polymorphic variants has been made difficult by the low levels of expression of these molecules and by their extensive microheterogeneity, particularly that of the DPβ chain. We report here on results of the biochemical analysis of the DPα and DPβ products in 137 individuals from 25 multiplex insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) families which allowed for the direct observation by segregation of the DP molecules encoded by 94 haplotypes. Two DPα and 7 DPβ isoelectric focusing (IEF) variants were characterized. Haplotypic associations between the DP IEF-variants and those of the DR and DQ loci were encountered which suggest a way to discriminate between high and low IDDM risk among otherwise indistinguishable HLA haplotypes.
An International Research Project For The Finance Curriculum

This paper discusses a team-based international research project that was incorporated into an international finance class and that would be appropriate for inclusion in a basic corporate finance class with minor modifications. The project requires students to: track the stock prices and trading volumes of several international companies whose shares are traded on U.S. markets, as well as any news events, national interest rate changes, market indices and exchange rates related to those shares; prepare weekly reports analyzing the weekly data; prepare a final report analyzing the findings for the semester; and, present an oral report to the class. The paper discusses the pedagogical approach used, the procedures required to set up the project, the grading techniques employed, the results of the project, and suggestions for incorporating the project in general corporate finance classes.
Disability and the Gospel: How God Uses Our Brokenness to Display His Grace. Michael S. Beates

Beates is the father of Jennifer, who, at the time of publication of this volume, is a 30-year old profoundly disabled woman. Beates has served since 2000 on the International Board of Directors at...
Human Dignity and the Jewish Tradition

This paper demonstrates how central human dignity (kvod habriot in Hebrew) is to Jewish law. What is especially interesting is how a theistic religion in which love and fear of God is paramount, does not minimize the importance of human dignity. In many cases, human dignity trumps even divine law. This paper demonstrates how laws dealing with cheating spouses, the Sabbath, abortion, ritual purity, mourning, and treating debtors are all affected by the importance of human dignity. Indeed, the effects on human dignity must be considered in virtually all halachic (Jewish law) decisions.
Abstract 1069: Vav3 enhances androgen receptor splice variant activity and is critical for castration resistant prostate cancer growth and survival.

Advanced or metastatic prostate cancer is treated by androgen deprivation; however, patients inevitably relapse with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that grows independently of androgen. However, CRPC remains dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which includes constitutive, ligand–independent action of naturally occurring AR splice variants. For example, the AR splice variant AR3 (also termed AR–V7) is expressed in CRPC and is linked to poor prognosis. Vav3, a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is an AR coactivator that is up–regulated in human prostate cancer as compared to benign tissue as well as in pre–clinical models of CRPC. Vav3 confers castration–resistant growth to androgen–dependent human prostate cancer cells and increased expression has been linked to increased clinical biochemical relapse. Despite the importance of AR coactivators in promoting CRPC, the potential role of these regulatory proteins in modulating AR splice variant activity is unknown. We examined the contributions of Vav3 to AR activity in two CRPC cell lines that naturally express relatively high levels of Vav3 and AR3. Vav3 or AR3 knockdown greatly attenuated cell proliferation, soft agar growth and ligand–independent AR activity. Vav3 potently enhanced the transcriptional activity of AR3 and another clinically relevant AR splice variant ARv567es. Furthermore, Vav3 enhanced AR splice variant activity through a distinctly different mechanism than Vav3 coactivation of full length AR. Vav3 knockdown resulted in lowered nuclear AR3 levels while total AR3 protein and mRNA levels remained static. Conversely, overexpression of Vav3 resulted in increased nuclear AR3. Co–immunoprecipitation revealed that AR3 and Vav3 interact. These novel data demonstrating physical and functional interactions between Vav3, a unique AR coactivator, and an AR splice variant provide insights into the mechanisms by which Vav3 exploits and enhances AR signaling in the progression to CRPC. Citation Format: Stephanie Peacock, Cale D. Fahrenholtz, Kerry L. Burnstein. Vav3 enhances androgen receptor splice variant activity and is critical for castration resistant prostate cancer growth and survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1069. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1069
Cloud Computing for Air Traffic Management - Cost/Benefit Analysis

A study of recent developments in the field of cloud computing indicates that, while challenges exist, with the proper alignment of technical and investment decisions, transitioning of Air Traffic Management functions to the cloud computing environment can be achieved much sooner than one would perceive, and that the transition is already happening for applications in air transportation. This paper demonstrates a framework for transitioning Air Traffic Management functions to cloud computing, for cost savings, and gains in performance and efficiency. An application modeled after a dynamic flow management system was used in a case study to identify required system changes and the associated cost. An analysis of the operating cost of the application revealed that significant savings can be achieved through this transition, along with the ability to benefit future upgrades and developments.
Relationships of a Circular Singer Arm Gesture to Acoustical and Perceptual Measures of Singing: A Motion Capture Study

The purpose of this study was to validate previous research that suggests using movement in conjunction with singing tasks can affect intonation and perception of the task. Singers (N = 49) were video and audio recorded, using a motion capture system, while singing a phrase from a familiar song, first with no motion, and then while doing a low, circular arm gesture. Analysis of relationships between a circular singer arm gesture and changes in intonation indicated most singers (67.3%, n = 33) were closer to the target pitch when doing the low, circular gesture. Additionally, significant correlations were found between motion of the hand and face. Participant perceptions of singing with motion included “fuller tone” and “more breath” with the lower motion and singing without motion viewed as “easy” and “comfortable.” Results of this study suggest that singing with motion can affect intonation, other bodily movements, and perception of singing.
Structure and Dynamics of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in MERRA-2.

AbstractThe structure, dynamics, and ozone signal of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) produced by the 35-yr NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), are examined based on monthly mean output. Along with the analysis of the QBO in assimilation winds and ozone, the QBO forcings created by assimilated observations, dynamics, parameterized gravity wave drag (GWD), and ozone chemistry parameterization are examined and compared with the original MERRA system. Results show that MERRA-2 produces a realistic QBO in the zonal winds, mean meridional circulation, and ozone over the 1980–2015 time period. In particular, the MERRA-2 zonal winds show improved representation of the QBO 50-hPa westerly phase amplitude at Singapore when compared to MERRA. The use of limb ozone observations creates improved vertical structure and realistic downward propagation of the ozone QBO signal during times when the MLS ozone limb observations are available (from October 2004 to pr...