cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Home Nutrition Support Ethics and Reimbursement

Ethical dilemmas challenge providers on both sides of the hospital and clinic doors. In addition to establishing the nutrition care plan and guiding the client into the home setting with safe and effective parenteral or enteral nutrition therapy, procuring home nutrition support involves meeting documentation requirements and verifying that clients meet reimbursement criteria for home therapy based on third-party payer criteria. Providers have entered a realm for which training has been scarce and they face moral and ethical dilemmas involving serving as patient advocates, possibly stretching the truth to fit the clinical documentation to criteria vs maintaining professional integrity. Nutrition research and evidence-based practice have outpaced modifications to policies including Medicare's national and local coverage determinations, the bulk of which have not seen revisions in 32 years. This review elucidates clinical dilemmas and urges a political call to action to advocate for changes in current, outdated requirements for reimbursement. Given the current healthcare environment and trend toward expedited hospital stays, patients may be better served (and nourished) with revised guidelines.
Process capability control chart for non-normal data – evidence of on-going capability assessment

AbstractProcess capability indices are widely used for various quality assurance activities in many high-tech industries. By a suitable analysis of an index, a production department can trace and improve a poor process to enhance the quality level and satisfy customer requirements. Recently, some practical process capability control charts were developed for illustrating the continuous assessments of normal process capability. These charts contain information regarding the ability of the process to meet or exceed customer requirement over the life of a process. Monitoring the behaviour of the process’s ability to meet customer requirement can provide managers with feedback and evidence of the process’s ability in terms they understand. However, process distribution is often ab normal. Therefore, this study incorporates bootstrap procedure to construct capability control chart for non-normal processes. The simulations show that the empirical coverage probability of this chart is close to the desired covera...
Research and evaluation for K_1sh+K_1yc—K_1d_2 gas system in Xujiaweizi region

By describing gas accumulation conditions in K_1sh+K_1yc—K_1d_2 gas system of Xujiaweizi region,this paper points out source rock,caprock,unconformity interface and ancient uplift to be the main factors controlling gas accumulation and distribution.The main accumulation period was the end of K_1q sedimentation period.There are three gas accumulation modes: gas migrating into bedrock crust of weathering through unconformity interface,gas migrating into volcanic rock in source rock through fractures and gas migrating into stratigraphic overlap through sandstone.K_1sh+K_1yc—K_1d_2 gas system in Xujiaweizi region is divided into four sub-gas systems: Shengping～Wangjiatun,Changde～Zhaozhou and Shuangcheng～Hulan are best systems,Chaochang～Zhaodong is better.Since K_1sh+K_1yc—K_1d_2 gas system formed in the end of K_1d_3,it expanded upward in the end of K_1qc—K_1qn,the end of K_1n,the end of K_2m and the end of Paleogene due to active opening of T_5(T_4)～T_3(T_2) faults,thus made the space of gas accumulation increased,and resulted in the phenomenon of "gas from the same source rock accumulating in different positions",and also made the gas accumulation models changed.
Ultrasound study of elbow ulnar collateral ligament changes in collegiate baseball players: A pilot study.

Summary Objective To assess changes in elbow ulnar collateral ligament length in college baseball pitchers over the course of a single season. Design Cohort Feasibility Study. Methods Diagnostic ultrasound was used to assess both the dominant and non-dominant medial elbow joint space in four pitchers and five fielders and compared to in-game pitching data. Shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle range of motion measurements were also taken. Results Mean trends for both the pitching and fielding groups showed no increases in dominant arm medial elbow joint space. Range of motion (ROM) increases were seen in both groups, and neither ultrasound nor ROM changes correlated to number of pitches thrown. Conclusion It is feasible that shoulder and hip range of motion changes directly affect stresses at the elbow in baseball pitching (Wilk et al., 2014) (Sauers et al., 2014). Further research is needed to investigate whether UCL injuries are related to increased laxity of the ligament.
Broken back? Efficacy and participation in Asia’s democracies:

Previous scholarship describes an inconsistent role for democratic institutions in driving political participation. Some research has detected signs of attachment leading to greater engagement while others observe a negative, statistical relationship (Levi and Stoker, 2000). In the liberal and electoral democracies of Asia, where support for democratic values appears to be growing (Chu and Huang, 2010; Sanborn, 2015), institutions have taken an outsized role in an individual’s decision to participate. This may be reflective of a ‘broken back’ form of democratization, where an engaged citizenry is continually frustrated by poor performing government actors (Rose and Shin, 2001). In this article, I evaluate the role of efficacy, internal and external, on the decision to attend rallies, participate in campaigns, and contact officials. I find that citizens engage in these actions when they are internally engaged in politics and frustrated with government performance. While this finding offers a simple explana...
Two-dimensional characterization of spatiotemporal coupling of ultrashort pulses based on chromatic diversity

Two-dimensional spatiotemporal coupling is characterized by a single-shot scheme based on chromatic diversity, introduced by a quadratically distorted 2-D grid. Simultaneous and real-time measurement of pulse-front tilt and radial group delay is demonstrated.
Mythical hero or tragic failure? An interrogation of the Jomo Kenyatta ‘black people’s Moses’ mystique in two Kenyan patriographies

Josiah Mwangi Kariuki’s Mau Mau Detainee (1963) and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Detained (1982) are political patriographies that represent two starkly different sides of Kenyatta, Kenya’s first president,...
Discretized modeling for centrifugal spinning of viscoelastic liquids

Abstract A theoretical investigation of the behavior of Newtonian and viscoelastic jets during centrifugal spinning (CS) is presented in this paper. We used a discretized model, which provides a numerical framework to solve complex continuum equations, to model the spinning behavior of the viscoelastic Boger fluid. The jet was modeled as a series of beads connected with massless springs. After defining the viscoelastic, surface tension and aerodynamic drag forces for each bead, we solve Newton's second law of motion to obtain the trajectory of the jet. We first compared the jet profile predictions of the Newtonian fluid from the bead-spring model with an asymptotic thin-fiber model and obtained consistent results. Finally, we performed a parameter study to understand the effects of various properties such as viscoelasticity, surface tension and process conditions on the behavior of the viscoelastic jet. We also compared the simulation results with the experimental observations of PIB/PB Boger fluids to validate the discretized model.
FireCloud, a scalable cloud-based platform for collaborative genome analysis: Strategies for reducing and controlling costs

FireCloud, one of three NCI Cloud Pilots, is a collaborative genome analysis platform built on a cloud computing infrastructure. FireCloud aims to solve the many challenges presented by the increasingly large data sets and computing requirements employed in cancer research. However, cost uncertainty associated with cloud computing9s pay-as-you-go model is proving to be a barrier to adoption of cloud computing. In this paper we present guidelines for optimizing workflows to minimize cost and reduce latency. Our guidelines include: (i) dynamic disk sizing to efficiently utilize virtual disks; (ii) tuned provisioning of virtual machines (VMs) using a performance monitoring tool; (iii) taking advantage of steep price discounts of preemptible VMs; and (iv) utilizing the optimal parallelization of a task9s workload.
History of the Facelift: The First Three Decades

Innovative surgical procedures may be presented as newly discovered procedures. This may not be true, unless the author has done a thorough search of the prior literature to confirm originality. Many techniques are described, used, and abandoned, only to reappear as a fresh discovery. In reviewing the history of facelift surgery, it is apparent that almost all of the approaches to facial rejuvenation were described in the early decades of the 1900s. Thus, this chapter will provide a summary of the key discoveries during that era. Later approaches reflect refinements and different anatomical understandings and use better materials but are not necessarily as original as claimed. Anyone writing about facelifting today would be well advised to read the contributions of CC Miller, AG Bettman, Suzanne Noel, Jacques Joseph, Julien Bourguet, and the others discussed here.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertensive Urgency in the Outpatient Setting: A Systematic Review

Hypertensive urgency (HU), defined as acute severe uncontrolled hypertension without end-organ damage, is a common condition. Despite its association with long-term morbidity and mortality, guidance regarding immediate management is sparse. Our objective was to summarize the evidence examining the effects of antihypertensive medications to treat. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase through May 2016. Study selection: We evaluated prospective controlled clinical trials, case–control studies, and cohort studies of HU in emergency room (ER) or clinic settings. We initially identified 11,223 published articles. We reviewed 10,748 titles and abstracts and identified 538 eligible articles. We assessed the full text for eligibility and included 31 articles written in English that were clinical trials or cohort studies and provided blood pressure data within 48 h of treatment. Studies were appraised for risk of bias using components recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The main outcome measured was blood pressure change with antihypertensive medications. Since studies were too diverse both clinically and methodologically to combine in a meta-analysis, tabular data and a narrative synthesis of studies are presented. We identified only 20 double-blind randomized controlled trials and 12 cohort studies, with 262 participants in prospective controlled trials. However, we could not pool the results of studies. In addition, comorbidities and their potential contribution to long-term treatment of these subjects were not adequately addressed in any of the reviewed studies. Longitudinal studies are still needed to determine how best to lower blood pressure in patients with HU. Longer-term management of individuals who have experienced HU continues to be an area requiring further study, especially as applicable to care from the generalist.
Treatment for Gay Problem Drinkers

If trust can be established between straight therapists and gay clients, group counseling can offer effective help as with heterosexual individuals
Swarm Transparency

A key element of system transparency is allowing humans to calibrate their trust in a system, given the implicit inherent uncertainty, emergent behaviors, etc. As robotic swarms progress towards real-world missions, such transparency becomes increasingly necessary in order to reduce the disuse, misuse and errors humans make when influencing and directing the swarm. However,achieving this objective requires addressing the complex challenges associated with providing transparency. Two swarm transparency challenge categories, with exemplar challenges, are provided.
Parabolic and Other Evolution Optimization Problems

Many applications involve the optimal control of processes governed by parabolic partial differential equations. Above all, there are various problems involving the propagation of temperature or concentration fields. There are the practically important problems of the melting or solidification of bodies, crystal pulling directly from the melt (e.g., Stepanov’s method159), and other problems with moving boundaries. All provide nontrivial examples of controlled distributed parameter systems.
CLINICAL STUDIES OF THE GABA SYSTEM IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

ABSTRACT A decrease in CSF GABA in some psychiatric patients may be due to a negative relationship between CSF GABA and behavior related to agitation-activation. Our earlier observation of decreased CSF GABA in depression seems explainable on this basis. In psychotic patients prior to drug treatment we have some evidence for a reciprocal relationship between CSF or plasma HVA and CSF GABA. Early in neuroleptic treatment, we find CSF GABA significantly positively correlated with CSF HVA, and significantly negatively correlated with CSF or plasma prolactin. In preliminary work we have observed no relationship between CSF and plasma GABA and no effect of lithium treatment upon CSF or plasma GABA.
International perspectives on caregiving.

Every year, millions of people around the world suffer spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and strokes. Spinal cord injury (SCI) often strikes young and healthy individuals and is estimated to affect between 11.5 and 57.8 individuals per million around the world, causing death, paralysis, and serious secondary medical complications [1]. Costs associated with SCI have been estimated at over $1 m per patient, including those associated with home modifications, supplies, nursing, and home care [12]. Like SCI, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading global cause of death and disability in the young, estimated to affect roughly 10 million people around the world each year [6,7]. The costs of TBI are many, including those related to direct hospitalization and rehabilitation, lost earnings, and reduced quality of life [5]. Strokes are the third most common cause of death in developed countries around the world; an estimated 15 million people suffer strokes each year, and roughly 5.5 million of these die [10]. The economic burden of strokes is great: the American Heart Association estimates that $73.7b will be spent on treatment of stroke victims in 2010 alone, and strokes are a major cause of long-term serious disability [2]. Overall, persons with debilitating conditions like TBI, SCI, and strokes often require the services of shortand long-term care [3,8,14]. In general, family members often take on the role of caregiving which requires significant amounts of time and dedication,
Lymphomas and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Many solid tumor cancer patients are considered to be at “low-risk” for developing complications even during episodes of neutropenic fever and are routinely managed without hospitalization. Low-risk subsets are now being recognized in patients with hematologic malignancies (CLL/lymphomas) as well. The spectrum of infection in most of these patients is different from that seen in neutropenic patients, with fungal, viral, and bacterial infections primarily associated with defects in cellular immunity predominating. With improvements in supportive care and infusion technology, and the availability of many anti-infective agents for parenteral and oral administration, outpatient management of low-risk patients with hematologic malignancies is being practiced with increasing frequency. This approach has several advantages and very few disadvantages but does require substantial initial investment in infrastructure by individual institutions. Nevertheless, it is an investment well worth making by institutions that care for cancer patients, as cancer survivorship continues to rise.
Resources, Learning, and Policy: The Relative Effects of Social and Financial Capital on Student Learning in Schools

AbstractIn this paper, we note the contrasting positions occupied by social and financial capital in state and federal education policy and compare their relative impacts on student learning. To make such a comparison, we analyzed data from a representative sample of Michigan’s elementary schools using multilevel structural equation modeling to examine the relationships among social capital, instructional expenditures, and student achievement. We found that the level of social capital characterizing schools was not a function of instructional expenditures. We also found that both social and financial capital had a positive and significant relationship with reading and mathematics student achievement. However, the effect of social capital was three and five times larger than that of financial capital on mathematics and reading, respectively. We discuss the implications of these findings for education policy and programs that might improve student learning by strengthening social relationships.
Management of traumatic esophageal injuries

Traumatic esophageal perforations are rare but difficult to treat injuries. We review the principles of work-up, anatomy and treatment of cervical, thoracic and abdominal traumatic esophageal perforations. Management is dictated by location of the perforation and any concurrent injuries. The majority of cases are amenable to primary repair with flap re-enforcement. Other principles include adequate drainage around the repair, decompression of the esophagus and stomach (via nasogastric tube or gastrostomy tube) and distal enteral nutrition (feeding jejunostomy).
On-line planning and scheduling: an application to controlling modular printers

This paper summarizes recent work reported at ICAPS on applying artificial intelligence techniques to the control of production printing equipment. Like many other real-world applications, such as mobile robotics, this complex domain requires real-time autonomous decision-making and robust continual operation. To our knowledge, this work represents the first successful industrial application of embedded domain-independent temporal planning. At the heart of our system is an on-line algorithm that combines techniques from state-space planning and partial-order scheduling. For example, our planning-graph-based planning heuristic takes resource contention into account when estimating makespan remaining. We suggest that this general architecture may prove useful as more intelligent systems operate in continual, online settings. Our system has enabled a new product architecture for our industrial partner and has been used to drive several commercial prototypes. When compared with stateof-the-art off-line planners, our system is hundreds of times faster and often finds better plans.
Cardiovascular Collapse in a Patient With Parotid Abscess: Dangerous Cross Talk Between the Brain and Heart: A Case Report.

Postsurgical trigeminal neuralgia (TN), although rare, can lead to significant hemodynamic perturbations by triggering the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). The combination can lead to diagnostic as well as management challenges for clinicians. We present the case of a patient with a parotid abscess, w
Faculty Perspectives on Doctoral Student Socialization in Five Disciplines

Socialization has become a common framework through which to view the doctoral student experience. A growing body of literature has examined the student perspective of this socialization experience but the perspective of the faculty member has been relatively absent in these discussions, despite the vital role they play in the process. Sixteen doctoral faculty members in the disciplines of engineering, oceanography, psychology, history, and a self-designed interdisciplinary program at one institution were interviewed to determine their perspectives on the doctoral student socialization process and their role in it. Using Bragg’s (1976) and Weidman, Twale, and Stein’s (2001) framework of socialization to analyze these interviews, findings emerged regarding faculty perspectives often on programmatic and structural components but rarely on the role of peers or their own informal role in the socialization process. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are included.
Development of the Huntington Disease Family Concerns and Strategies Survey from focus group data

Health concerns and management strategies among families of young and middle-age adults with Huntington’s disease (HD) are unknown. This study developed and tested psychometric properties of the Huntington Disease Family Concerns and Strategies Survey (HDFCSS). Focus group data from 91 adult family members were used to develop content. Content analysis yielded four domains that were transferred into Personal, Person With HD, Community Health Care Services, and Strategies scales. Focus group data, expert validation, and cognitive interviews demonstrated survey content validity. Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients for the scales were 0.83 or above. The measure can be used to generate reliable and valid data to identify adult family members’ health-related concerns and management strategies for themselves and persons with HD.
The sea surface temperature: COAMPS/NCOM modeling and in situ measurements

The bulk sea surface temperature (SST) simulated by COAMPS/NCOM [Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) and the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM)] compares reasonably well with the bulk SST measured on the North Carolina shelf during the October of 2015 field campaign of the CASPER Project (Wang et al. in Bull Amer Met Soc 99:1449–1471, 2018). The model slightly overestimates the field data by about 0.15 °C; a linear regression is strong with a coefficient of determination r2 > 0.9. In deep waters of the Gulf Stream core, COAMPS/NCOM typically underestimates the measured SST by less than 1 °C except in the cold lens or meander where the temperature gradients were smoothed by the model. It is evident that sub-mesoscale features like frontal eddies, meanders and filaments, require a resolution higher than the 3 km grid spacing adopted for modeling.
Genetic Variants in Male Infertility

Different types of genetic variants are present in the genome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, are minor variations in the genetic sequence that differ between members of a species or even between paired chromosomes in an individual. There are common SNPs that occur in at least 1% of a population. These SNPs may be specific to an ethnic group or between individuals of a geographic region. There are also rare SNPs with minor allele frequencies of less than 1%. As will be seen in this chapter, these SNPs can be located in the non-coding regions of genes, such as the 5T allele in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) associated with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens, or within coding regions. Some SNPs are silent with no effect whereas others may act like a rheostat to influence disease susceptibility or severity, response to drugs or chemicals or immunological stimuli or infectious diseases. SNPs appear also to be very helpful in forensics to identify or exclude criminals based upon DNA evidence or in paternity testing. Copy number variants (CNVs) are gains or losses of large pieces of DNA consisting of 10,000–5 million nucleotides. Genetic diseases and even susceptibility to infections and complex diseases can be caused by CNVs. This chapter first describes SNPs and CNVs- their detection and importance and then focuses on SNPs in male infertility, including those impacting congenital disorders as well as reproductive function.
An enhanced fully scaled 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS process for analog

An n-well CMOS technology has been developed for high-speed/precision 10-V analog operation while retaining VLSI packaging densities and performance. Several enhancements to a fully scaled 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS process were made to attain performance levels necessary for state-of-the-art data-conversion applications. The technology incorporates components essential for analog circuit design such as high-gain/low-noise n-p-n BJTs, laser trimmable Cr-Si resistors, and extremely accurate interpoly oxide capacitors. Inclusion of an optimized LDD structure on n-channel transistors has permitted 10-V CMOS capabilities down to 2.5-/spl mu/m drawn gate lengths.
MO‐FG‐201‐00: High‐Impact Presentations

Oral presentations are one of the most important tools to advance education, scientific research, and clinical excellence in medical physics. Medical physicists do not often captivate their audiences like a Steve Jobs keynote or a TED talk, but every physicist can learn to engage their audiences and deliver their message in a memorable way using their own personality and style. This interactive session will teach attendees to discover their own style and voice and to use it to engage and connect with their audiences. Audience reception and response will be reviewed in terms of the speaker’s executive presence and content, as well as research on the psychology of audiences and physiology of speakers. Physicists will learn how to organize and mentally prepare themselves as well as their PowerPoint slides. Learning Objectives: 1. Develop executive presence: poised under pressure to deliver a message in a relaxed, casual, and credible way 2. Connect with an audience by creating harmony between the content and the visual and audible elements of a presentation 3. Confidently deliver engaging presentations in the individual’s voice and personality Heidi Weiker and Tanya Weiker are co-owners of Spherica LLC.
Intraoperative Tracheal Injury

Intraoperative tracheal injury is a rare but potentially devastating complication. Transhiatal esophagectomy should be avoided in patients with proximal esophageal tumors who underwent neoadjuvant therapy, and percutaneous tracheostomy should be avoided in patients with short, thick necks. Early recognition leads to improved outcomes. Patients present with a sudden loss in airway pressure, air leaking into the operative field, or mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema. Treatment starts with airway control. Primary buttressed repair is recommended, through either a left cervical incision for proximal injuries or a right thoracotomy for distal injuries. Nonoperative management has been used safely in select patients injured during intubation or tracheostomy.
Policies, Partnerships, and Pragmatism: Lessons from an ICT-in-Education Project in Rural Uganda

For at least the past decade, political leaders and policy makers have stressed how important it is for Africa to harness technology, leapfrog development, and take part in the global knowledge economy. In numerous initiatives aimed at realizing these goals, education is a primary target, viewed as a mechanism through which information and communication technologies (ICT) can empower societies to develop technologically literate workforces. Unfortunately, there is a considerable gap between policy rhetoric and effective project implementation. Even as ICT-in-education projects increase rapidly in number and scope across the continent, many still lack necessary pre-project assessments, enumerated goals for outcomes, or understanding of what technology can and cannot do. This article’s focus on policies, partnerships, and pragmatism is informed by a case study of a multi-partnered ICT-in-education project in rural Uganda that set pragmatic technology-use goals, a project for which governmental policy provided an important initial incentive, and which was subsequently revised to address actual student needs for acquiring technology skills. The case offers important lessons to inform both similar projects and government-led policy initiatives in the future.
Taxing Punitive Damages

There is a curious anomaly in the law of punitive damages. Jurors assess punitive damages in the amount that they believe will best “punish” the defendant. But, in fact, defendants are not always punished to the degree that the jury intends. Under the Internal Revenue Code, punitive damages paid by business defendants are tax deductible and, as a result, these defendants often pay (in real dollars) far less than the jury believes they deserve to pay.To solve this problem of under-punishment, many scholars and policymakers, including President Obama, have proposed making punitive damages nondeductible in all cases. In our view, however, such a blanket nondeductibility rule would, notwithstanding its theoretical elegance, be ineffective in solving the under-punishment problem. In particular, defendants could easily circumvent the nondeductibility rule by disguising punitive damages as compensatory damages in pre-trial settlements.Instead, the under-punishment problem is best addressed at the state level by making juries “tax-aware.” Tax-aware juries would adjust the amount of punitive damages to impose the desired after-tax cost on the defendant. As we explain, the effect of tax awareness cannot be circumvented by defendants through pre-trial settlements. For this and a number of other reasons, tax awareness would best solve the underpunishment problem even though it does come at the cost of enlarging plaintiff windfalls. However, given the defendant-focused features of current punitive damages doctrine, this cost is not particularly troubling.
Evidence for pain modulation by pre- and postsynaptic noradrenergic receptors in the medulla oblongata

Activation of neurons in nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) produces hypoalgesia which most likely results from inhibition of spinal cord pain transmission pathways. Previous reports from this laboratory suggest that noradrenergic (NA) neurons modulate the activity of NRM neurons. More specifically, NA projections to NRM neurons appear to be inhibitory since iontophoretically applied norepinephrine (NE) inhibits the activity of NRM neurons. Furthermore, blockade of NA receptors in the NRM by the microinjection of alpha-adrenergic antagonists produces potent analgesia. Thus, the NA input to the NRM appears to increase pain sensitivity by tonically inhibiting NRM neurons. Pharmacological and physiological studies have differentiated alpha-adrenergic receptors into alpha-1 and alpha-2 subtypes. The present study was designed to examine the nature of the alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the NRM and their role in the modulation of pain sensitivity. The results of these experiments are consistent with the classical model of postsynaptic alpha-1 receptors and presynaptic alpha-2 receptors which modulate NE release. Both the alpha-1 antagonist, prazosin, and the alpha-2 agonist, clonidine, produced an increase in nociceptive threshold. Conversely, both the alpha-1 agonist, phenylephrine, and the alpha-2 antagonist, yohimbine, produced a decrease in nociceptive threshold. Thus, in the region of the NRM, both presynaptic alpha-2 and postsynaptic alpha-1 noradrenergic receptors may be involved in the modulation of nociception.
Visual vs auditory encoding of linguistic material in comparison of sentences and pictures.

Summary.-The present study was designed to determine if there is a facilitating effect of aural vs visual linguistic input in comprehension of a sentence which expresses a spatial relationship between objects in a picture, e.g., "Star is above square." The sample ws composed of 10 male and 10 female undergraduate students in psychology. One group was presented with sentences aurally to compare with tachistoscopically presented pictures, while another was presented written sentences along with picrures. The main finding was that reaction times were significantly less in the auditory group than the visual group, while there was no statistically significant difference in errors. Several previous findings relating to the characteristics of sentence types were replicated. It was concluded that several alternative strategies are made possible when stimuli are presented aurally which are probably due to the compatibility of listening and looking tasks. Clark and Chase (1972) have recently tried to .understand how people comprehend sentences which express a spatial relationship about two objects in associated pictures. Of concern to them were sentences of the following type: "Star is above square," "Square isn't below star," etc. They have found consistent differences in reaction times of subjects in verifying the truth or falsity of sentences as a function of (a) the presence or absence of the word "not," (b) the truth vs falsity of the sentence, and (c) use of the word "above" vs "below." They suggest a cognitive model which accounts for those differences. The model implies that when, for example, a subject compares the sentence, "Square is not above star" with a picture of a square below a star, the sentence is encoded, "[false (B above A)]," and the picture, "(A above B)" (where "A is a star and "B" is a square). (Picture codes are encoded "above" or "below," according to Clark and Chase, on the basis of which word is contained in the sentence.) Before analysis, both sentence and picture begin with the same truth value (arbitrarily, true), and during analysis every mismatch of embedded strings or embedding strings of the sentence and picture codes results in an inversion of the truth value. In the example there is a mismatch between the embedded strings in the picture and sentence codes. The truth value of the sentence code changes, tru-false. In addition, there is a mismatch in the embedding strings-while the deep structural sentence representation is embedded by "false," the picture code is not. Therefore, the sentence code changes again, arriving at the ultimate truth value of the sentence, falswtrue. Such a sentence and picture would take longer to
Second primary lung cancer after head and neck squamous cell cancer: population-based study of risk factors.

Background Patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) are at risk of developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). Methods Among 61,883 patients with HNSCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, 4522 developed SPLC (any histology) ≥2 months after HNSCC. We correlated risk with demographic and tumor-related parameters. Results The risk of SPLC after HNSCC was 5.8%, 11.4%, and 16.4% at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. From Cox regression, significantly adverse (p < .0001) risk factors for SPLC included: regional versus localized HNSCC stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16), hypopharyngeal or supraglottic laryngeal site (HR = 1.57), increased age (HR = 1.26/decade), black race (HR = 1.27), and male sex (HR = 1.26). Glottic (HR = 0.75) and tonsillar or oral cavity sites (HR = 0.80) were associated with significantly (p < .0001) lower risks of SPLC. Conclusion From population-based actuarial analyses, HNSCCs with more aggressive clinicopathologic features were more apt to develop SPLC, suggestive of similar environmental and/or host factors for these cancers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Iliac venous pressure estimates central venous pressure after laparotomy

Abstract Background Central venous pressure (CVP) is traditionally obtained through subclavian or internal jugular central catheters; however, many patients who could benefit from CVP monitoring have only femoral lines. The accuracy of illiac venous pressure (IVP) as a measure of CVP is unknown, particularly following laparotomy. Methods This was a prospective, observational study. Patients who had both internal jugular or subclavian lines and femoral lines already in place were eligible for the study. Pressure measurements were taken from both lines in addition to measurement of bladder pressure, mean arterial pressure, and peak airway pressure. Data were evaluated using paired t -test, Bland-Altman analysis, and linear regression. Results Measurements were obtained from 40 patients, 26 of which had laparotomy. The mean difference between measurements was 2.2 mm Hg. There were no significant differences between patients who had laparotomy and nonsurgical patients ( P = 0.93). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of 1.63 ± 2.44 mm Hg. There was no correlation between IVP accuracy and bladder pressure, mean arterial pressure, or peak airway pressure. Conclusions IVP is an adequate measure of CVP, even in surgical patients who have had recent laparotomy. Measurement of IVP to guide resuscitation is encouraged in patients who have only femoral venous catheter access.
The Challenge of HIV-1 Subtype Diversity

HIV-1 has evolved multiple mechanisms to elude immune control. The view of virus as classifiable into distinct subtypes needs to reflect the reality of the constant emergence of new strains. This review discusses the implications of subtype diversity in HIV-1 for possible differential rates of disease progression, responses to antiretroviral therapy (including the development of resistance), and vaccine development.
X-chromosomal recessive microcephaly with epilepsy, spastic tetraplegia and absent abdominal reflexes. New variety of "Paine syndrome"?

Two brothers (7 years of age and 8 months respectively) are reported. They both suffered from a combination of severe microcephaly, spastic tetraplegia, clonic epileptic fits, absent abdominal cutaneous reflexes and severe mental retardation. This syndrome shows an X-chromosomal mode of inheritance. Dermatoglyphic patterns were characteristic. There was no change in aminoacids in CSF and the birth weight was high (4000g, in contrast to the cases described by Warkany et al.).
Magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR of a 144 kDa membrane protein complex: E. coli cytochrome bo3 oxidase

Recent progress in magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR (SSNMR) has enabled multidimensional studies of large, macroscopically unoriented membrane proteins with associated lipids, without the requirement of solubility that limits other structural techniques. Here we present initial sample preparation and SSNMR studies of a 144 kDa integral membrane protein, E. coli cytochrome bo3 oxidase. The optimized protocol for expression and purification yields ∼5 mg of the enzymatically active, uniformly 13C,15N-enriched membrane protein complex from each liter of growth medium. The preparation retains endogenous lipids and yields spectra of high sensitivity and resolution, consistent with a folded, homogenous protein. Line widths of isolated signals are less than 0.5 ppm, with a large number of individual resonances resolved in the 2D and 3D spectra. The 13C chemical shifts, assigned by amino acid type, are consistent with the secondary structure previously observed by diffraction methods. Although the structure is predominantly helical, the percentage of non-helical signals varies among residue types; these percentages agree well between the NMR and diffraction data. Samples show minimal evidence of degradation after several weeks of NMR data acquisition. Use of a triple resonance scroll resonator probe further improves sample stability and enables higher power decoupling, higher duty cycles and more advanced 3D experiments to be performed. These initial results in cytochrome bo3 oxidase demonstrate that multidimensional MAS SSNMR techniques have sufficient sensitivity and resolution to interrogate selected parts of a very large uniformly 13C,15N-labeled membrane protein.
Vibration of beams with exponentially varying properties

The equation governing the transverse vibration of beams with exponentially varying properties is solved. The solution is expressed in terms ofBessel functions for a sequence of special cases of property variations.
Exponential suppression of thermal conductance using coherent transport and heterostructures

We consider coherent thermal conductance through multilayer photonic crystal heterostructures, consisting of a series of cascaded nonidentical photonic crystals. We show that thermal conductance can be suppressed exponentially with the number of cascaded crystals due to the mismatch between photonic bands of all crystals in the heterostructure.
Psychologism in logic: Husserl's critique

Psychologism in logic holds that logic is a branch of psychology. This view has been vigorously defended by John Stuart Mill and by a number of German philosophers of logic, notably Erdmann. Its chief critics have been Husserl and Frege and, to a lesser extent, Russell. Husserl set forth a profound and detailed critique of psychologism in Logical Investigations. This paper examines this critique. First, I explain why the psychologistic theory is attractive. Then I show that Husserl's critique is not convincing, partly because he does not take the theory in its most plausible form and partly because he ignores certain important distinctions (for example, between what a statement is about and what it is true in virtue of). Then I raise two new objections to the psychologistic theory. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the psychologistic theory remains an important and serious position from which we can learn much about the status of logic.
Tandem anchoring: Informational and politeness effects of range offers in social exchange.

We examined whether and why range offers (e.g., "I want $7,200 to $7,600 for my car") matter in negotiations. A selective-attention account predicts that motivated and skeptical offer-recipients focus overwhelmingly on the attractive endpoint (i.e., a buyer would hear, in effect, "I want $7,200"). In contrast, we propose a tandem anchoring account, arguing that offer-recipients are often influenced by both endpoints as they judge the offer-maker's reservation price (i.e., bottom line) as well as how polite they believe an extreme (nonaccommodating) counteroffer would be. In 5 studies, featuring scripted negotiation scenarios and live dyadic negotiations, we find that certain range offers yield improved settlement terms for offer-makers without relational costs, whereas others may yield relationship benefits without deal costs. We clarify the types of range offers that evoke these benefits and identify boundaries to their impact, including range width and extremity. In addition, our studies reveal evidence consistent with 2 proposed mechanisms, one involving an informational effect (both endpoints of range offers can be taken as signals of an offer-maker's reservation price) and another involving a politeness effect (range offers can make extreme counteroffers seem less polite). Our results have implications for models of negotiation behavior and outcomes and, more broadly, for the nature of social exchange. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).
Følner sequences and Hilbert's Irreducibility Theorem over Q

Letf(X; T1, ...,Tn) be an irreducible polynomial overQ. LetB be the set ofb teZn such thatf(X;b) is of lesser degree or reducible overQ. Let ℱ={Fj}{Fj}j−1∞ be a Folner sequence inZn — that is, a sequence of finite nonempty subsetsFj ⊆Zn such that for eachvteZn, $$\mathop {lim}\limits_{j \to \infty } \frac{{\left| {F_j \cap (F_j + \upsilon )} \right|}}{{\left| {F_j } \right|}} = 1$$ Suppose ℱ satisfies the extra condition that forW a properQ-subvariety ofPn−An and ɛ>0, there is a neighborhoodU ofW(R) in the real topology such that $$\mathop {lim sup}\limits_{j \to \infty } \frac{{\left| {F_j \cap U} \right|}}{{\left| {F_j } \right|}}< \varepsilon $$ whereZn is identified withAn(Z). We prove $$\mathop {lim}\limits_{j \to \infty } \frac{{\left| {F_j \cap B} \right|}}{{\left| {F_j } \right|}} = 0$$ .
Developing a Spatial Perspective: Using the Local Landscape to Teach Students to Think Geographically

Abstract This article summarizes methods used in a secondary school geography class to interest students in geography through examples drawn from local geography. Instead of relying on examples taken from exotic places to illustrate geographic concepts, the local landscape is used in the classroom to teach students about geography. The article is arranged according to the six essential elements of the National Geography Standards, but it does not imply that the methods presented should be used to teach the standards. Rather, the examples presented are used throughout a course in the geography of North and South America to develop an interest among students and, with examples from the local landscape, to increase student understanding of geographic concepts related to issues presented in the course.
The Breaking Strength of Femurs of Mice Receiving Estrogens.

SummaryThe average breaking-strength of femurs of estrogen-treated mice was 2499 g or 844 g greater than that of untreated controls.
Exploiting program dependencies for scalable multiple-path symbolic execution

This paper presents a new technique, called Symbolic Program Decomposition (or SPD), for symbolic execution of multiple paths that is more scalable than existing techniques, which symbolically execute control-flow paths individually. SPD exploits control and data dependencies to avoid analyzing unnecessary combinations of subpaths. SPD can also compute an over-approximation of symbolic execution by abstracting away symbolic subterms arbitrarily, to further scale the analysis at the cost of precision. The paper also presents our implementation and empirical evaluation showing that SPD can achieve savings of orders of magnitude in the path-exploration costs of multiple-path symbolic execution. Finally, the paper presents a study that examines the use of SPD for a particular application: change analysis for test-suite augmentation.
THE VALUATION EFFECTS OF OUT‐OF‐THE‐MONEY CALLS OF CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES

We examine the valuation effects of out-of-the-money calls of convertible securities. In general, out-of-the-money calls generate positive abnormal stock returns. These returns are higher when the call price exceeds the market value of the called securities (positive premium calls), compared with when the market value exceeds the call price (negative premium calls). Furthermore, Value Line Investment Survey net operating income forecasts are significantly higher after call announcements for positive premium calls, while the revision is insignificant for negative premium calls. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that positive premium calls signal positive information.
Contribution of the Metastable E 3 Σ + g State to the Population of the C 3 Π u State of N 2 Following Electron-Impact Excitation

Following low-energy electron-impact excitation of molecular nitrogen, the method of delayed coincidence is used to separate the prompt and delayed radiation of the $C^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{g}$ transition. The emission function of the prompt radiation, due to direct $C$-state excitation, is seen to increase smoothly above threshold. The emission function of the delayed emission, due to collisional deactivation of metastable states, is composed of two sharp peaks at 12.0 and 12.7 eV as well as a broader peak at about 22 eV. The first of these peaks is recognized as the direct resonant excitation of the metastable $E^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}$ state. Evidence is found indicating that the other peaks, which may be associated with the excitation of the ${a}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}$ state, lead to indirect excitation of the $E$ state.
Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in the two-dimensional quantum XY model

Convincing numerical evidence is obtained via extensive quantum Monte Carlo simulations on square lattices as large as 96\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}96 that the spin-1/2 XY model undergoes a Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition at ${\mathit{kT}}_{\mathit{c}}$/J=0.350(4). Correlation length and in-plane susceptibility diverge at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ precisely according to the form predicted by Kosterlitz and Thouless for the classical XY model. The specific heat increases very rapidly near ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and exhibits a peak around kT/J=0.45.