cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some reverse mappings in 3-D crack and dislocation problems

A new division of geometric regions for internal and external planar cracks is introduced. This allows some reverse mappings between internal and external problems to be revealed in connection with 3-D planar crack and dislocation problems in an infinite elastic medium. Transform factors are given for a mode I crack with arbitrary shape in an infinite inhomogeneous isotropic medium where the elastic modulus is an exponential function of depth. Arbitrary loading for the inhomogeneous material and coplanar dislocation-crack interaction for a homogeneous isotropic medium are analyzed through easy derivations. As one of the applications, the known solution of an external elliptical crack is used to obtain the exact solution in closed form for the crack with the boundary contour % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0Jf9crFfpeea0xh9v8qiW7rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyWdiNaai% ikaiabeI7aXjaacMcacqGH9aqpcaWGIbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaa% aOWaaOaaaeaadaWcaaqaaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CamaaCaaaleqaba% GaaGOmaaaakiabeI7aXbqaaiaadggadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaa% aOGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gadaahaaWcbeqaai% aaikdacqaH4oqCaaaakeaacaWGIbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaa% aeqaaaaa!4F66!\[\rho (\theta ) = b^2 \sqrt {\frac{{\cos ^2 \theta }}{{a^2 }} + \frac{{\sin ^{2\theta } }}{{b^2 }}} \]subjected to a pair of concentrated forces at the crack center.
Relationships between categories of test items in a C++ CS1 course

The goal of this research was to study the relationship between student performance on different categories of multiple-choice C++ problems and students' overall ability to solve such problems. We studied the results of a final exam administered to 214 students in a C++ based CS1 class. We examined nine subscores, i.e., the percentage correct that students received on questions involving arrays, functions, I/O, objects, pointers, references, strings, C++ "structs", and objects. Problems were also categorized as to whether one or more types of knowledge were required to solve them. These eleven factors formed the basis of a statistical analysis, using the student score on the exam as the result variable. Several types of analysis showed that programming is a unitary activity, i.e., that these factors are highly correlated to each other and to the result variable.
Rehabilitation in Children with Disorder of Consciousness

Consciousness is a state of wakefulness with awareness of self and the environment. Disorder of consciousness (DOC) can result from any type of acquired brain injury (ABI). While children with ABI and DOC are commonly encountered in pediatric rehabilitation settings, research in this population is lacking, necessitating extrapolation from adult literature. Adults and children with DOC who participate in specialized inpatient rehabilitation programs show functional gains during and following the inpatient admission. Here, we present a model for an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program for children with DOC along with data supporting the evaluation and management approaches, where available. Careful, interdisciplinary assessment using appropriate tools as well as a range of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions supports the rehabilitation and recovery of children with DOC. Additional research focused on children with DOC will be crucial for enhancing the evidence related to this population.
Influence of Multimorbidity on Burden and Appropriateness of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapies.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether burden of multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) influences the risk of receiving inappropriate vs appropriate device therapies. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Seven US healthcare delivery systems. PARTICIPANTS Adults with left ventricular systolic dysfunction receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention. MEASUREMENTS Data on 24 comorbid conditions were captured from electronic health records and categorized into quartiles of comorbidity burden (0-3, 4-5, 6-7 and 8-16). Incidence of ICD therapies (shock and antitachycardia pacing [ATP] therapies), including appropriateness, was collected for 3 years after implantation. Outcomes included time to first ICD therapy, total ICD therapy burden, and risk of inappropriate vs appropriate ICD therapy. RESULTS Among 2235 patients (mean age = 69 ± 11 years, 75% men), the median number of comorbidities was 6 (interquartile range = 4-8), with 98% having at least two comorbidities. During a mean 2.2 years of follow-up, 18.3% of patients experienced at least one appropriate therapy and 9.9% experienced at least one inappropriate therapy. Higher comorbidity burden was associated with an increased risk of first inappropriate therapy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.94 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.14-3.31] for 4-5 comorbidities; HR = 2.25 [95% CI = 1.25-4.05] for 6-7 comorbidities; and HR = 2.91 [95% CI = 1.54-5.50] for 8-16 comorbidities). Participants with 8-16 comorbidities had a higher total burden of ICD therapy (adjusted relative risk [RR] = 2.12 [95% CI = 1.43-3.16]), a higher burden of inappropriate therapy (RR = 3.39 [95% CI = 1.67-6.86]), and a higher risk of receiving inappropriate vs appropriate therapy (RR = 1.74 [95% CI = 1.07-2.82]). Comorbidity burden was not significantly associated with receipt of appropriate ICD therapies. Patterns were similar when separately examining shock or ATP therapies. CONCLUSIONS In primary prevention ICD recipients, MCC burden was independently associated with an increased risk of inappropriate but not appropriate device therapies. Comorbidity burden should be considered when engaging patients in shared decision making about ICD implantation.
Decolonizing conservationist hero narratives: a critical genealogy of William T. Hornaday and colonial conservation rhetorics

ABSTRACTThis essay provides a critical genealogical critique of William T. Hornaday’s involvement in hunting, zoo keeping, and environmental conservationism. The authors contend that although many ...
State Law, Policy, and Access to Information: The Case of Mandated Openness in Higher Education.

Background/ContextEvery state in the nation has legal requirements, state “sunshine laws,” to ensure accountability and fairness in institutions receiving state funds and operating under state auth...
A unique Lower Paleocene shelf-sea chalk in the eastern U.S. Gulf coastal plain (Clayton Formation, western Alabama): Implications for depositional environment, sea-level dynamics and paleogeography

Abstract The deposition of carbonate oozes in shelf-sea settings so prevalent during the Cretaceous generally ceased by the onset of the Paleogene in response to sea-level fall. However, the Lower Paleocene (Danian) Clayton Formation exposed at Moscow Landing in western Alabama, U.S.A., contains a thin chalk bed—the Clayton chalk—that records a later, final phase of shelf-sea carbonate ooze deposition in the U.S. eastern Gulf coastal plain. Sedimentologic character, ichnology, and foraminiferal assemblages indicate deposition in an outer shelf setting, comparable to that for Cretaceous chalks exposed in the Gulf region (i.e., Campanian Demopolis Chalk), at depths of 90 m or more, during a brief transgressive pulse peaking circa 63.8–63.2 Ma. This transgression occurred ~1 Myr after the maximum expansion of the Danian Cannonball Sea in the North American western interior, presumably reflecting different controls on sea-level dynamics (eustasy vs. Laramide tectonism and isostasy). Although regional paleogeography for the Early Paleocene is poorly constrained, deposition of the Clayton chalk suggests that the eastern Gulf seaway at times extended much further north than implied by the presently mapped updip limit of preserved Paleocene marine strata. The apparent geographic restriction of this unique Paleocene shelf-sea chalk indicates that relative sediment starvation and associated carbonate ooze deposition may have been influenced by local structural controls operating along the eastern margin of the Mississippi embayment.
Bifunctional Au-templated RNA nanoparticles enable direct cell uptake detection and GRP75 knockdown in prostate cancer

Nucleic acids templated on gold (Au) surfaces have led to a wide range of functional materials ranging from microarrays, sensors and probes in addition to drug delivery and treatment. In this application, we describe a simple and novel method for templating amino-functionalized RNA onto Au surfaces and their self-assembly into small, discrete nanoparticles. In our method, sample hybridization with a complementary RNA strand with and without a fatty acid (palmitamide) appendage produced functionalized double-stranded RNA on the Au surface. The resulting Au-functionalized RNA particles were found to be stable under reducing conditions according to UV-Vis spectroscopy. Sample characterization by DLS and TEM confirmed self-assembly into primarily small (∼10-40 nm) spherical shaped nanoparticles expected to be amenable to cell biology. However, fluorescence emission (λexc: 350 nm, λem: 650 nm) revealed radiative properties which limited cell uptake detection. Introduction of FITC within the Au-functionalized RNA particles produced a bifunctional probe, in which FITC fluorescence emission (λexc: 494 nm, λem: 522 nm) facilitated cell uptake detection, in a time-dependent manner. The dual encapsulation-release profiles of the FITC-labeled Au-functionalized RNA particles were validated by time-dependent UV-Vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry. These experiments respectively indicated an increase in FITC absorption (λabs: 494 nm) and fluorescence emission (λem: 522 nm) with increased sample incubation times, under physiological conditions. The release of Au-functionalized siRNA particles in prostate cancer (PC-3) cells resulted in concomitant knockdown of GRP75, which led to detectable levels of cell death in the absence of a transfection vector. Thus, the formulation of stable, small and discrete Au-functionalized RNA nanoparticles may prove to be valuable bifunctional probes in the theranostic study of cancer cells.
Mechanical dysfunction induced by a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation is the primary driver of cellular adaptation

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a leading cause of sudden cardiac death, is primarily caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins. The pathogenesis of HCM is complex, with functional changes that span scales from molecules to tissues. This makes it challenging to deconvolve the biophysical molecular defect that drives the disease pathogenesis from downstream changes in cellular function. Here, we examined a HCM mutation in troponin T, R92Q. We demonstrate that the primary molecular insult driving the disease pathogenesis is mutation-induced alterations in tropomyosin positioning, which causes increased molecular and cellular force generation during calcium-based activation. We demonstrate computationally that these increases in force are direct consequences of the initial molecular insult. This altered cellular contractility causes downstream alterations in gene expression, calcium handling, and electrophysiology. Taken together, our results demonstrate that molecularly driven changes in mechanical tension drive the early disease pathogenesis, leading to activation of adaptive mechanobiological signaling pathways.
Gender Differences in the Relationship between Anger and Aggressive Behavior

Evidence is mixed regarding differences in prevalence of aggressive behavior, with many (though not all) studies suggesting that men are more aggressive than women. Furthermore, while aggression often occurs in response to provocation-induced anger, this relationship may be stronger for men; women may be more likely to engage in non-aggressive (e.g., affiliative) behaviors in response to provocation, particularly at low-level provocation. This study examined gender differences in aggression as well as differences in the relationship between anger and aggression for men and women. Adults (N = 424) participated in a behavioral aggression task, and a subset of participants (n = 304) completed a questionnaire assessing trait levels of anger as part of a larger study at a large midwestern university. Results indicated that while men and women aggressed at similar levels, aggression was significantly associated with trait anger for men only, at low levels of provocation, with only a trending relationship for high provocation. This suggests that while men and women may be equally aggressive in certain situations, this behavior may be differentially associated with anger.
Hydrogen and deuterium termination of diamond for low surface resistance and surface step control

Abstract A 2D conductive hole gas in diamond is obtained by exposing diamond to a plasma formed in H2 or D2, which terminates the diamond surface with H or D. The diamond is still insulating until it is activated by exposing it to air or overcoating it by atomic layer deposition, ALD, with Al2O3/SiO2 or evaporated WO3. The carrier density of air activated diamond slowly decreases in time, days to weeks, and the carrier mobility increases. However, the carrier density deceases faster than the mobility increases and the diamond's surface resistance increases in time. The mobility is empirically related to the carrier density by a power law, mobility = Q (carrier density)-0.42, where Q is determined by fitting the equation to the data. The value of Q and the surface resistance of the 2D gas depends upon the removal of impurities such as C, K, and Na in the plasma, as well as the offcut angle from the (100) diamonds. These impurities originate from carbon on the chamber walls, the Mo structure that supports the diamond during plasma exposure, impurities on the diamond, such as H2SO4, after inefficient cleaning, and the carbon from the diamond itself as it is etched in the plasma. Once the impurities are reduced, then the offcut angle of (100) diamond to the [011]-axis generates crystal steps generally parallel to the 0 1 ¯ 1 axis on the diamond surface. Resistance along the steps is lower than perpendicular to the steps. With the impurities removed, six (100) diamonds offcut by ~6° to the [011] axis had resistance parallel to the steps, 0 1 ¯ 1 , vary from 1.32 to 1.95 kΩ sq.−1 with an average of 1.70 ± 0.25 kΩ sq.−1 and perpendicular to the steps, [011], from 1.93 to 3.20 kΩ sq.−1 with an average of 2.51 ± 0.4 kΩ sq.−1.
Presto-RDF: SPARQL Querying over Big RDF Data

There has been a rapid increase in the amount of Resource Description Framework (RDF) data on the web. The processing of large volumes of RDF data requires an efficient storage and query-processing engine that can scale well with the volume of data. In the past two and half years, however, heavy users of big data systems, like Facebook, noted limitations with the query performance of these big data systems and began to develop new distributed query engines for big data that do not rely on map-reduce. Facebook’s Presto is one such example. This paper proposes an architecture based on Presto, called Presto-RDF, that can be used to process big RDF data. An evaluation of performance of Presto in processing big RDF data against Apache Hive is also presented. The results of the experiments show that Presto-RDF framework has a much higher performance than Apache Hive and native RDF store - 4Store and it can be used to process big RDF data.
Immoral imagination and revenge in organizations

Malevolence and cruelty are commonly attributed to a failure of moral reasoning or a lack of moral imagination. We present the contrasting viewpoint – immorality as an active, creative, or resourceful act. More specifically, we develop the concept of "immoral imagination" (Jacobs, 1991) and explore how it can enter into Rest's (1986) four processes of decision making: sensitivity, judgment, intention, and implementation. The literature on revenge and workplace deviance illustrates these processes.
Cross-City Inequalities: Determinants of Rental Housing Quality in Bloomington, IL

It seems that every city has a “bad side of town.” In Bloomington, Illinois, a community more affluent than average, does this bad side still exist? The city’s historical Westside, once a thriving working class area has now deteriorated into a blighted area. This area suffers from building code violations, inadequate public infrastructure, vacancies, etc. In addition, the area suffers from decaying rental properties. This study builds on previous literature to test the comparative effects of property characteristics, neighborhood characteristics, and landlord characteristics on the quality of rental housing on the Westside and in the city as a whole. Using data from the US Census and City of Bloomington, this study utilizes an ordered probit model revealing the stark difference on the city’s Westside. This article is available in Res Publica Journal of Undergraduate Research: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol15/iss1/6
Cell Division and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis after a Nutritional Shift-Up of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Rates of cell division and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis after shift-up with grande and mitchondrial deoxyribonucleic-acid-less petite yeasts were studied. The results indicate that simple eukaryotes behave as prokaryotes.
Embryological Comparison of Lepomis macrochirus X macrochirus and Lepomis macrochirus X gibbosus

Abstract The bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, and the pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus), were crossed by an artificial fertilization technique. This resulted in two types of offspring; that is, Lepomis macrochirus X macrochirus and Lepomis macrochirus X gibbosus. A comparative study was made: (1) to determine the incubation time, (2) to determine the per cent hatched, (3) to compare standard length of the early larva, and (4) to compare heart development. The results were: (1) the hybrid cross, under the specific circumstances of the experiment, had a 3.1 hour faster mean incubation time than the pure cross, (2) the hybrid cross gave the higher per cent hatched, 63.4% (625) as compared to 51.7% (834) for the pure cross, (3) no significant standard length difference was found, and (4) heart differentiation began with a tubular heart and ended with the development of a series of four chambers. No morphological difference in heart development was observed. There were, however, differences in ...
Physiologic Functions of Cyclophilin D and the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore

This review focuses on the role of cyclophilin D (CypD) as a prominent mediator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and subsequent effects on cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Although a great number of reviews have been written on the MPTP and its effects on cell death, we focus on the biology surrounding CypD itself and the non-cell death physiologic functions of the MPTP. A greater understanding of the physiologic functions of the MPTP and its regulation by CypD will likely suggest novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular disease, both dependent and independent of programmed necrotic cell death mechanisms.
Effectiveness of recruitment in clinical trials: An analysis of methods used in a trial for irritable bowel syndrome patients

A successful clinical trial is dependent on recruitment. Between December 2003 and February 2006, our team successfully enrolled 289 participants in a large, single-center, randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) studying the impact of the patient-doctor relationship and acupuncture on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. This paper reports on the effectiveness of standard recruitment methods such as physician referral, newspaper advertisements, fliers, audio and video media (radio and television commercials) as well as relatively new methods not previously extensively reported on such as internet ads, ads in mass-transit vehicles and movie theater previews. We also report the fraction of cost each method consumed and fraction of recruitment each method generated. Our cost per call from potential participants varied from $3-$103 and cost per enrollment participant varied from $12-$584. Using a novel metric, the efficacy index, we found that physician referrals and flyers were the most effective recruitment method in our trial. Despite some methods being more efficient than others, all methods contributed to the successful recruitment. The iterative use of the efficacy index during a recruitment campaign may be helpful to calibrate and focus on the most effective recruitment methods.
Microstructural evaluation of simulated sodium silicate glasses

Abstract A molecular dynamics study of sodium trisilicate and sodium disilicate glasses has been performed in order to evaluate structural details of these systems. The total potential energy is a function of both two-body and three-body interactions in order to account for the partially covalent nature of silica bonding. The simulations reproduce the bulk structural features observed in XRD and EXAFS experiments. The simulations show that the connectivity of the silica network, as in the classical picture, although the distribution of non-bridging oxygen is not as uniform as generally assumed. This feature is supported byu recent NMR studies in which Q-species indicate a significant degree of disorder in the arrangement of non-bridging oxygen. Channels are observed in the simulated glasses at both compositions and are associated with lower order Q n species.
Nutritional Inferiority of Filled versus Natural Milk with Special Reference to Fatty Constituents

Abstract Filled milk has different physical, chemical, and nutritional qualities than natural milk. Coconut oil when substituted for milk fat is dangerous and unwholesome because of the incidence of toxic symptoms, especially when ingested with unbalanced diets by the very young. It also contains a serious imbalance in the kinds of fatty acids probably required for optimum maintenance, growth, and development. Other vegetable oils have none of the quickly available short- or medium-chain-length acids, but do contain far too much polyunsaturated acid, which could have deleterious effects. Finally, none of the substituted oils have cholesterol, which may be necessary in the diet of the young for the development of tolerance to dietary cholesterol later in life.
Risk perception and evacuation decisions of Florida tourists under hurricane threats: a stated preference analysis

Though most hurricane evacuation studies have focused on residents, tourists are also a vulnerable population. To assess their perceptions of risk and evacuation likelihood under different hurricane conditions, we surveyed 448 tourists visiting central Florida. Respondents viewed four maps emulating track forecast cones produced by the National Hurricane Center and text information featuring variations of storm intensity, coast of landfall, centerline position relative to the survey site, time until landfall, and event duration. We performed chi-square tests to determine which hurricane conditions, and aspects of tourists such as their demographics and previous hurricane experience, most likely influenced their ratings of risk and evacuation likelihood for respondents located on Pinellas County beaches or inland near Orlando, FL. Highly rated scenarios featured a Category 4 hurricane making landfall along the Gulf Coast with the centerline passing over the sampling site. Overall, tourists that indicated the highest risk and evacuation ratings were not previously affected by a hurricane, had a trip duration of less than 6 days, and had checked for the possibility of a hurricane strike before departure. However, results for other tourist attributes differed between tourists in coastal and inland locations. We found that although somewhat knowledgeable about hurricanes, tourists misinterpreted the track forecast cone and hurricane conditions, which led to a lower perception of risk and subsequent likelihood to evacuate. Tourists, particularly those from outside of Florida, need to be better educated about the risks they face from hurricanes that make landfall.
Observation of a newly discovered 112 K charge density wave transition in 2HTaSe2 using electrical resistance

Abstract Precision electrical resistance measurements of 2HTaSe2 indicate charge density wave transitions at 90, 112, and 120 K. The transition at 112 K, recently observed by Fleming et al. using X-ray diffraction, occurs only on a heating cycle and has not been seen before in measurements of transport properties.
Electrophoresis of unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid using cellulose acetate strips and the dye Nigrosin.

Abstract A sensitive method is described for the electrophoretic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. By using cellulose acetate strips and Nigrosin dye, the necessity for a preliminary concentration step is eliminated. Separation of protein components is adequate after i 1 2 hours. Normal values by this method agree with those obtained by more elaborate procedures and abnormal quantitative results were obtained in a small series of patients with known diseases of the central nervous system. The method has also been applied to the electrophoretic analysis of unconcentrated urine samples with generally good results.
Impact identification of stiffened composite panels: II. Implementation studies

A model-based impact identification technique for stiffened composite panels was studied for several implementation issues. The technique predicts the location and force history of low-velocity impacts from measurements from built-in piezoceramic sensors using the smoother-filter algorithm. Experiments were performed for several configurations of boundary conditions, and the importance of boundary conditions used in modeling for the success of impact identification was demonstrated. The impact identification technique showed some dependence on sensor distribution. For a given size region, the placement of sensors was not important. When investigating the variation of errors with sensor zone size, it was found that the amplitude of the impact must be considered. For a fixed peak load, errors increased linearly with increasing zone size; for a larger peak load the rate of increase was reduced.
The future of molecular dynamics simulations in drug discovery.

Molecular dynamics simulations can now track rapid processes—those occurring in less than about a millisecond—at atomic resolution for many biologically relevant systems. These simulations appear poised to exert a significant impact on how new drugs are found, perhaps even transforming the very process of drug discovery. We predict here future results we can expect from, and enhancements we need to make in, molecular dynamics simulations over the coming 25 years, and in so doing set out several Grand Challenges for the field. In the context of the problems now facing the pharmaceutical industry, we ask how we can best address drug discovery needs of the next quarter century using molecular dynamics simulations, and we suggest some possible approaches.
Soil Moisture, Temperature, and Drying Influence on Soybean Emergence

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] emergence is influenced by the interaction of initial seed zone soil water content and temperature. Stress due to soil water content that is great enough for seed imbibition but too low for radicle emergence from the testa reduces emergence. Previous research has not determined whether emergence is reduced by soil drying after the seeds have imbibed water. Our objective was to evaluate soybean emergence influenced by initial seed zone soil water content and soil drying at three day/night soil temperature regimes (17/8, 21/12, and 25/16°C) as the number of days of soil water deficit and temperature stress increased. The experiment was conducted under controlled temperature conditions using an incubator. Emergence depended on both initial seed zone soil water content and temperature. As the number of days of soil moisture deficit increased, soil drying reduced emergence at initial soil water contents of 0.07 and 0.09 kg kg -1 . If the radicle had emerged from the testa and the soil water content was reduced below the initial soil water content due to drying, emergence was reduced. If seed imbibition occurred, but the initial soil moisture was too dry for the radicle to emerge from the testa, emergence decreased as the number of days of stress increased. The results show that the influence of seedbed drying on percent emergence depended on the initial soil water content and the number of days until adequate soil water content was restored.
Improvement in Global Psychopathology Increases Quality of Life During Treatment of ADHD with Atomoxetine or Stimulants

To evaluate what determines the increase in quality of life during treatment for ADHD: improvement in core ADHD symptoms or improvement in global psychopathology ratings. A prospective follow-up of ADHD patients in one community clinic. Standardized evaluation and outcome measures were used, including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Child Symptom Inventory, 18 item ADHD rating scale, and the Health and Life Functioning Scale. 75 patients between the ages of 6 and 12 were treated with atomoxetine or stimulants with a stable dose for 10 months. At end point, there were modest improvements in ADHD symptoms, global psychopathology, level of functioning and quality of life. The improvement in quality of life was driven by a decrease in global psychopathology, not by a decrease in ADHD symptoms. The treatment for ADHD may need to be broadened beyond the core symptoms. A chronic disease management model may well be applicable.
Fracture of prismatic aluminum tubes under reverse straining

The effect of loading history on fracture was thoroughly investigated at the material and structural level. Tests on tensile fracture of initially pre-compressed round specimens were analyzed and two alternative methods were developed to account for the effect of strain reversal on initiation of fracture in uncracked bodies. A complete calibration for plasticity and fracture without and with history effect was performed for 2024-T351 aluminum alloy. In the present approach, it is postulated that fracture occurs when the accumulated plastic strain modified by the effect of stress triaxiality and the loading history reaches a critical value. The newly developed theory then was applied to predict initiation of fracture in prismatic square aluminum tubes subjected to crush loading. Compression tests were performed on small columns with the width to thickness ratio covering the range 10–30. First fracture was observed at different locations depending on the thickness of the tube. The numerically predicted point of fracture initiation and the displacement corresponding to formation of crack agreed well with test results. It is concluded that the effect of loading history must be included in the formulation of fracture criteria and in the application to the failure analysis of structural components where large pre-compression should be expected.
Abstract IA5: Functional genomics and synthetic lethality

Recent advances in genomics now make it possible to consider enumerating all of the genetic lesions in specific cancers. While these approaches will yield critical information regarding the identify, number, and types of alterations found in human tumors, a complementary approach to decipher the molecular basis of malignant transformation depends upon the application of genome scale tools to annotate the function of genes involved in cancer initiation and progression. The integration of such functional approaches with on-going efforts to identify and enumerate genetic alterations in human tumors will provide a path to discover and validate cancer vulnerabilities. Many commonly occurring and well-validated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes remain refractory to molecularly targeted therapies. We have used systematic loss and gain of function approaches to identify cancer vulnerabilities in the context of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Specifically, we have launched Project Achilles to systematically identify essential genes in more than 500 cancer cell lines that have been characterized genomically. These studies have provided new insights into genes dependent in cancers that express specific oncogenes, loss of genetic elements and in cancers in which particular signaling pathways are activated. Taken together, these studies suggest that combining forward and reverse genetic approaches with information derived from the cancer genome characterization projects provides a path toward a comprehensive understanding of genes involved in cancer. Citation Format: William C. Hahn. Functional genomics and synthetic lethality. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Synthetic Lethal Approaches to Cancer Vulnerabilities; May 17-20, 2013; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA5.
Resolvable pairwise balanced designs

Abstract This paper generalizes to pairwise balanced designs the concept of resolvability and affine resolvability introduced by Bose (Sankhya 6 (1942) 105–110) for balanced incomplete block designs. Analysing the vector space of linear polynomials in variables corresponding to the blocks, we extend Bose’s inequality and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition of affine resolvability for pairwise balanced designs. As a consequence, we extend the corresponding results of Shrikhande and Raghavarao (in: Contributions to Statistics, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964, pp. 471–480), Hughes and Piper (Geometriae Dedicata 5 (1976) 129–131) and Vanstone (J. Austral. Math. Soc. Series A 28 (1979) 471–478). Some examples considered in the paper show that affine resolvable pairwise balanced designs may represent an interesting regular structure other than balanced incomplete block designs. Some connections to λ-designs and pseudo-symmetric designs are also shown.
A theoretical study of 18+δ complexes

Abstract The 19e organometallic complexes [Co(CO) 2 (PH 3 )(L 2 X)], [Fe(CO) 3 (L 2 X)] − and [MnBr(CO) 3 (L 2 X)] − , where L 2 X=2,3-bisphosphino maleic anhydride (X=O), 4,5-bisphosphino maleimide (X=NH), and 4,5-bisphosphino cyclopentene-1,3-dione (X=CH 2 ) have been studied computationally at the B3LYP level. All the complexes have shown 18+ δ character, in which the 19th electron is predominantly distributed over the chelating ligand L 2 X. The value of δ has been estimated computationally using IR-frequencies (IR method) and natural atomic charges (AC method). The δ values estimated using AC method were higher than those using IR method. Computed δ values in the presence of solvents were consistently lower than those in vacuo.
Friction Tables Determined from Colebrook's Equation for Standard Density Air Flow

Abstract To make it easier to compute friction losses in air flow for a wide range of roughness values, the author has developed tables useful for two different approaches: (1) velocity pressure coefficients and (2) exponential equations. The author has produced tables of velocity pressure coefficients (f table and Ftable) based on solution of the Colebrook equation for given velocities, absolute roughnesses, and duct diameters. The values were generated by ten iterative solutions of the Colebrook equation using Haaland's approximation as a seed value. The velocity ranges were selected to minimize the required number of velocities while keeping deviations from values computed with the Colebrook equation to less than 4 percent at any point. The second approach involved generating data using solutions of the Colebrook equation over practical ranges of roughness, diameter, and duct velocities. Log10-transformed pressures were fitted to a linear model of log10-transformed velocities and diameters, producing r...
Schizophrenic group process: a comparison and replication using the HIM-G

In order to test the robustness of our model for treating schizophrenic patients in group therapy, we replicated our previous study of an inpatient schizophrenic group and also explored process in an outpatient schizophrenic group using the Hill Interaction Matrix (HIM-G). In agreement with the prior study, the results showed the groups to have a uniquely high Confrontive score, representing the highest level of group work in the Hill system, and the rank order of HIM-G scores of the groups correlated significantly with each other. This suggests that our clinical approach can be taught to different therapists and has reliability across setting.
Fabrication and characterization of diamond/copper composites for thermal management substrate applications

Abstract Diamond/copper composites have been made by the shock-wave consolidation method. The microstructures of these composites show uniform diamond particle distribution in the copper matrix. The composites exhibit positive residual strains after a thermal cycle which can be explained in terms of the large residual stresses in the shock-wave-consolidated samples and the weak interfacial bonding between diamond and copper. This thermal hysteresis behavior can be avoided by an appropriate heat treatment or by keeping the sample temperature below about 250 °C in the case of thermal cycling. Coefficients of linear thermal expansion (CTEs) of the composites are seen to decrease with increasing diamond content and generally fit the rule of mixtures (ROM) model.
Third-order parametric array generated by distantly spaced primary ultrasonic tones

Traditional parametric arrays are produced by a second-order nonlinear interaction between two primary ultrasonic tones that are close in frequency, resulting in a difference tone that is in the audio band. This article presents a parametric array produced by a third-order nonlinear interaction between two primary ultrasonic tones that are distantly spaced in frequency such that one tone is approximately the second harmonic of the other. The result is a third-order lower intermodulation (IM3) tone in the audio band with greater directivity and lower side lobe amplitude than comparable second-order fields. Measurements are presented that compare the directivity of 1-, 2-, and 4-kHz difference tones to that of 1-, 2-, and 4-kHz IM3 lower tones. Furthermore, a cascaded second-order approach for N-element transducer arrays is used to model third-order scattering with good agreement between measurement and theory.
Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in cancer

To study the relationship of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA) to immune defects in cancer, LCA were measured in sera from 71 patients with different types of malignancies and 31 healthy controls. A significantly increased incidence (10 of 24) of LCA was noted in a group of patients with lymphoreticular malignancies excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). No significantly increased incidence of LCA was found in patients with CLL (0 of 9), melanoma (5 of 22), or carcinoma (1 of 16) as opposed to normal controls (1 of 31). In the lymphoreticular malignancy group, no correlation was noted between LCA levels and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, skin croton oil response, total lymphocytes, T cells, or B cells. We conclude that LCA is increased in patients with certain lymphoreticular malignancies in contrast to other types of cancer. Its presence, however, is unrelated to major defects in the cell-mediated immune system seen in some of these patients.
Dual luminophor pressure-sensitive paint: III. Application to automotive model testing

Porphyrins play key roles in natural energy conversion systems, including photosynthesis and oxygen transport. Because of their chemical stability, unique optical properties and synthetic versatility, porphyrins are well suited as chemical sensors. One successful application is the use of platinum porphyrin (PtP) in pressure-sensitive paint (PSP). Oxygen in the film quenches luminescence, and oxygen pressure was initially monitored by measuring the ratio of I(wind-off)/I(wind-on). But this ratio is compromised if there is model motion and if the paint layer is inhomogeneous. Furthermore it requires careful monitoring and placement of light sources. Moreover, this method is seriously affected by temperature. The errors caused by model motion and temperature sensitivity are eliminated or greatly reduced using dual luminophor paint. This paper illustrates a successful application of a dual luminophor PSP in auto model testing. The PSP is made from an oxygen sensitive luminophor, Pt tetra(pentafluorophenyl)-porpholactone, which provides Isen, and Mg tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphine, which provides temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) as the pressure-independent reference. The ratio PSP/TSP in the FIB polymer produced ideal PSP measurements with a very low-temperature dependence of −0.1% °C−1.
Design, fabrication and testing of contact-aided compliant cellular mechanisms with curved walls

Contact-Aided Compliant Cellular Mechanisms (C3M) are compliant cellular structures with integrated contact mechanisms. The focus of the paper is on the design, fabrication, and testing of C3M with curved walls for high strain applications. It is shown that global strains were increased by replacing straight walls with curved walls in the traditional honeycomb structure, while the addition of contact mechanisms increased cell performance via stress relief in some cases. Furthermore, curved walls are beneficial for fabrication at the meso-scale. The basic curved honeycomb cell geometry is defined by a set of variables. These variables were optimized using Matlab and finite element analysis to find the best non-contact and contact-aided curved cell geometries as well as the cell geometry that provides the greatest stress relief. Currently, the most effective contact-aided curved honeycomb cell can withstand global strains approximately 160% greater than the most effective contact-aided, non-curved cell. Four different designs were fabricated via the Lost Mold-Rapid Infiltration Forming (LM-RIF) process. An array of the contact-aided optimized curved cell was then mechanically tested using a custom designed test rig, and the results were found to have a higher modulus of elasticity and lower global strain than the predictions. Despite these discrepancies, a high-strength highstrain cellular structure was developed, for potential use in morphing aircraft applications.
Analysis of adenine and thymine adsorbed on graphite by scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy

Abstract Analysis by AFM of adenine and thymine adsorbed onto a hot graphite surface shows that these molecules are adsorbed in patches typically 50 nm wide and 5 nm high, but does not provide any discernable atomic structure. In contrast, STM image scans that contain both parts of the graphite substrate and of the adsorbate would mislead one to believe that the adsorbates consist of just one ordered monolayer of either adenine of thymine (like alkylcyanobiphenyl on graphite [D.P.E. Smith et al., Nature 344 (1990) 641]). From these STM images the lattice dimensions, structural periodicities, and the epitaxy of the adsorbed molecules with respect to the basal plane of graphite can be determined. The aromatic regions are strongly detected with near-atomic resolution in both molecules, while the various sidegroups are not well resolved. Thus STM can discriminate between purines and pyrimidines - if they are held in thick patches.
Effect of vapor velocity on film condensation along a surface embedded in a porous medium

Abstract Film condensation of a saturated vapor in forced flow over an isothermal, inclined plate which is embedded in a porous medium is analyzed. The model simulates two-dimensional condensation with both a gravitational type body force and a finite vapor velocity that is parallel to the surface. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer (DBF) model is utilized to examine the flow field within the porous medium and the convection terms are included in the energy equation. The numerical results document the dependence of the heat transfer rate (represented by the local Nusselt number) on practical dimensionless parameters such as the Reynolds number, the Rayleigh number, the Darcy number, and the effective Prandtl number. The results of this study provide valuable fundamental predictions that can be used in a number of industrial applications.
Usefulness of abnormalities of repolarization in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of healed myocardial infarction

The authors evaluated the ability of criteria involving abnormalities of repolarization to diagnose healed myocardial infarction (MI). They studied the Q, R, S, and T waves and the ST-segments of the electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 60 angiographic-normal patients, 63 patients with angiographic evidence of healed inferior MI, and 33 patients with angiographic evidence of anterior MI. The best individual criteria involving repolarization were T wave amplitude less than or equal to 0.4 mm in lead II for inferior MI (specificity, 93%: sensitivity, 67%) and T wave amplitude greater than 2.4 mm for anterior MI (specificity, 100%: sensitivity, 27%). These T wave criteria enhanced the diagnostic performances of otherwise marginal QRS criteria for both inferior and anterior MI. The authors conclude that ECG criteria that involve abnormalities of the T waves are useful for diagnosing healed MI.
Students' Quality of Experience and Perceptions of Intolerance and Bias in the Women's and Gender Studies Classroom:

Student evaluations of the quality of their women's and gender studies (WGS) experience and predictors of experience quality were studied in a sample of 326 students from 23 WGS classes. Higher initial appreciation/acceptance of diversity, capacity for interpersonal relationships, and class expectations predicted more positive experience ratings. These relationships were mediated by students' alliance with their teacher and cohesion with classmates. A small proportion of students (11.6%), spread across 14 classes, did not rate their experience positively. Perceptions of teacher and classmate intolerance and bias were assessed in this subset of students. Average ratings of intolerance were slightly positive for teachers and neutral for classmates. Implications of the findings for understanding students' WGS experiences are discussed.
Challenges and Opportunities for Enterprise Transformation Research

This article summarizes the activity of the First International Workshop on Enterprise Transformation, hosted by the Tennenbaum Institute at the Georgia Institute of Technology in March 2013. The workshop brought together researchers (faculty and students) from a wide range of disciplines (e.g., engineering, management, computing, and social science) and institutions to (1) discuss and define the scholarly challenges and opportunities for enterprise transformation research and (2) facilitate the development of an emerging interdisciplinary academic community. The results of the workshop highlight the particular complexities of conducting enterprise transformation research in an academic context and identify both near- and long-term opportunities for impactful future research.