cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A low temperature iron molten air battery

A molten air battery was demonstrated to work at temperatures favourable for EV applications. Molten air battery is a new class of rechargeable batteries with the highest-density energy storage capability, consisting of three parts: a discharging air cathode, molten electrolyte and multi-electron anode. A eutectic electrolyte with soluble LiFeO2 and optimized cell configuration lowered the battery operating temperatures by >100 °C. In the eutectic electrolyte at 600 °C, the cycling of iron molten air battery averaged 60% coulombic efficiency at 1.3 V charge and 1.0 V constant load discharge, and 92% coulombic efficiency at a lower cut-off voltage of 0.5 V.
Genetic alterations in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the number one malignancy among men. The search for causative factors has proven to be difficult and, accordingly, treatment options for advanced prostate cancer remain limited. However, technologic breakthroughs in the fields of genetics and molecular biology have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms involved in prostate carcinogenesis. The aim of this article is to review the most recent evidence for the role of various genetic insults at specific steps in tumor formation and to suggest potential therapeutic targets.
Reply to the comments of Stangeby

While the exact value of viscosity is indeed open to question, additional clarifying discussion, with reference to subsequent work, shows that zero viscosity is a singular case, qualitatively different from nonzero. Unity remains arguably the most plausible order of magnitude for the viscosity/diffusivity ratio. A new two‐dimensional model calculation shows that even nondiffusive transport caused by coherent flows past the probe is well modeled by the viscous calculation, but not by the inviscid.
Assembly and preliminary analysis of a genotoxicity data base for predicting carcinogens

With a view to developing methodologies for predicting the carcinogenicity of chemicals on the basis of the results of short-term assays and selecting highly predictive batteries of short-term tests, a data base was assembled. The present is a compilation of data extracted from the reports of Gene-Tox working groups, Salmonella mutagenicity data obtained from the U.S. National Toxicology Program and the Environmental Mutagen Information Center and results from BHK21 transformation assays.
A Cost-Effective Intelligent Configuration Model in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing environments provide a resource pool for customers for their processing, storage and networking needs. It is necessary for customers to choose desirable configuration from vast resources available in the cloud. This paper proposes a heuristic model to choose a cloud configuration for efficient use. Trend analysis in data mining is used to predict the future trend and assist provisioning. The model is experimented with Intel power 32 core machine and in Azure cloud. Both environments demonstrated that the proposed model provided effective solutions.
Enteral nutrition with simultaneous gastric decompression in critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE Early enteral nutrition is an important adjunct in the care of critically ill patients. A double-lumen gastrostomy tube with a duodenal extension has been reported to enable early enteral feeding with simultaneous gastroduodenal decompression. We tested the ability of this device to achieve these goals in critically ill patients. DESIGN Noncomparative, descriptive case series. SETTING Surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS Fifteen consecutive critically ill patients, who, at the time of laparotomy, were assessed likely to need long-term nutritional support and gastric decompression, underwent tube placement. Mean age was 47 +/- 21 yrs. Mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and Therapeutic Intervention Scores were 15 +/- 7.3 (SD) and 29 +/- 10.2, respectively, and the mean Injury Severity Score of 11 trauma patients in the group was 27 +/- 7.4. INTERVENTIONS Correct tube positioning was verified by radiograph or endoscopy. METHODS Caloric and protein requirements, nutritional parameters, and problems encountered with the device were recorded. The correlation between the volume of feeding port input and suction port output was noted, and this correlation was considered significant if r2 was > or = .5. RESULTS Only three (20%) of 15 patients reached full enteral nutritional support via the enteral route. None of these patients achieved this level of nutritional support within the first postoperative week. In 67% of the patients, large quantities of enteral feeding solution appeared in the gastroduodenal suction port effluent. When feeding port input was plotted against effluent volume, a correlation coefficient of > .71 (r2 = > or = .5) was found in 40% of the patients. Other complications included: a) excessive gastroduodenal drainage requiring fluid/electrolyte replacement in eight (53.3%) patients; and b) skin ulceration at the tube entrance site in seven (46.7%) patients. CONCLUSIONS These data do not support the use of this device for early enteral feeding and simultaneous gastric decompression in critically ill patients.
Learned persistence at 11–12 days but not at 10–11 days in infant rats

In 2 experiments using milk-suckling from an anesthetized dam as the reinforcer, evidence is presented that the transitional age in rat pups for learning of persistence as a result of appetitive partial reinforcement is between 11 and 12 days of age. In Experiment I, pups 12-13 days of age showed the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) whereas 10-11-day olds did not. In Experiment II, pups trained at 11-12 days and tested at Day 13 did show a PREE at Day 13 but those trained at 10-11 days did not.
Rubella bone lesions

Specimens of bone lesions from 6 patients with the congenital rubella syndrome werestudied histologically; metaphyseal osteoporosis was found and apparently accounts for the radiologic appearance of metaphyseal radiolucencies. Growth disturbance is the probable cause of the focal osteoporosis; rubella virus appears to inhibit the mitotic activity of the bone-forming cells.
Structure determination of 4-azido-2-pyrimidinone nucleoside analogs using mass spectrometry.

The nucleoside prodrugs 4-azido-ara-C and 2'-fluoro-2', 3'-dideoxy-4-azido-ara-C and their base-catalyzed reaction products were thoroughly characterized by mass spectrometry. The structures of the base-catalyzed reaction products were determined and confirmed using a combination of high-resolution and tandem mass spectrometry with deuterium exchange. An intra-molecular rearrangement reaction occurred in 4-azido-ara-C at physiological pH leading to the formation of a 2',6-anhydro product. A nucleoside of similar structure, 2'-fluoro-2'3'-dideoxy-4-azido-ara-C was studied to determine if the formation of the 2',6-anhydro ring was due to the presence of the 4-azido group or the arabinose 2'-OH group. The 6-position of 2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy-4-azido-ara-C was found to be unreactive at physiological pH, but could add ammonia under strongly basic conditions (pH 11.0, ammonia solution). Finally, the formation of an intriguing tetrazole ring by the 4-azido moiety was observed.
Surgeons' personalities: the influence of medical school

Does medical school shape surgeons' personalities? This research retrospectively compares personality test results of 17 surgical and 44 non-surgical specialists trained at the same medical school. Fifty-five standardized personality measures at two developmental periods (the outset and the conclusion of medical school) revealed no pronounced differences between surgeons and other specialists. Interviews with 30 academic doctors (10 surgeons, 10 anaesthesiologists and 10 psychiatrists) explore the apparent discrepancy between personality tests scores and commonly held opinions that surgeons' personalities differ from other doctors.
The Role of P Wave Duration as a Predictor of Postoperative Atrial Arrhythmias

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter (AFl) occur frequently after aortocoronary bypass grafting. To identify patients at highest risk, we observed 99 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. P wave duration was measured on a three-channel ECG. An intra-atrial conduction defect (IACD), defined by conventional criteria as a single standard lead P wave > 110 msec, was present in 42 patients. We also identified IACDs by measuring the total P wave duration (TPWD) from the simultaneous three-channel recording of the standard leads (IACD-TPWD). Sustained AF-AFl, > one hour, occurred in 29/99 patients. Of the 29 patients with AF-AFl, 24 had IACD-TPWD. The mean total P wave duration of patients with and without AF-AFl was 126 msec and 116 msec, respectively (P
Individual differences in field articulation as a factor in language comprehension

Abstract Previous research has suggested that performance differences associated with field independence/field articulation (FA) reflect differences in the efficiency of a limited capacity “working memory” (WM) system. An information-processing analysis of language comprehension suggests the involvement of WM. This experiment tested the hypothesis that performance differences in a language comprehension task could be predicted on the basis of level of FA and the mediating role of WM. Three levels of memory load were established by varying the logical structure of sets of semantically related sentences which subjects were required to integrate. In the low memory load condition, there was no difference between high and low FA subjects on a test of integration (inference) and specific memory (recognition). In the high memory load condition, there was a decline in performance for low FA subjects on both inference and recognition. Other aspects of the results suggested that the breakdown in information processing, for low FA subjects in the high memory load condition, occurred during or shortly after initial encoding of the sentences.
Identification and role of functionally important motifs in the 970 loop of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA.

Abstract The 970 loop (helix 31) of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA contains two modified nucleotides, m 2 G966 and m 5 C967. Positions A964, A969, and C970 are conserved among the Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The nucleotides present at positions 965, 966, 967, 968, and 971, however, are only conserved and unique within each domain. All organisms contain a modified nucleoside at position 966, but the type of the modification is domain specific. Biochemical and structure studies have placed this loop near the P site and have shown it to be involved in the decoding process and in binding the antibiotic tetracycline. To identify the functional components of this ribosomal RNA hairpin, the eight nucleotides of the 970 loop of helix 31 were subjected to saturation mutagenesis and 107 unique functional mutants were isolated and analyzed. Nonrandom nucleotide distributions were observed at each mutated position among the functional isolates. Nucleotide identity at positions 966 and 969 significantly affects ribosome function. Ribosomes with single mutations of m 2 G966 or m 5 C967 produce more protein in vivo than do wild-type ribosomes. Overexpression of initiation factor 3 specifically restored wild-type levels of protein synthesis to the 966 and 967 mutants, suggesting that modification of these residues is important for initiation factor 3 binding and for the proper initiation of protein synthesis.
A day at developmental downs: sportscast for race #2: neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development

This article discusses the neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development proposed by Robbie Case, Andreas Demetriou and Anastasia Efklides, Kurt Fischer, Jeffrey Farrar, Graeme Halford, Juan Pascual-Leone, Michael Shayer, and Robert Siegler. Each theory is discussed in terms of its basic assumptions, and propositions regarding structure, process, novelty and automatization, context, and mechanisms of development. Then some general conclusions are drawn about the enterprise of neo-Piagetian theorizing as a whole. Cet article traite des theories neo-piagetiennes de developpement cognitif proposees par Robbie Case, Andreas Demetriou et Anastasia Efklides, Kurt Fischer, Jeffrey Farrar, Graeme Halford, Juan Pascual-Leone, Michael Shayer, and Robert Siegler. Chaque theorie est discutee en fonction de ses suppositions de bases, et de ses propositions concernant la structure, le procede, la nouveaute et l'automatisation, le contexte, et les mecanismes de developpement. Sont esquissees ensuite certaines conclusions generales au sujet de l'entreprise theorique neo-piagetienne comme un tout.
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is a positive regulator of human bile salt export pump expression.

The bile salt export pump (BSEP) is the major determinant of bile salt–dependent bile secretion, and its deficiency leads to cholestatic liver injury. BSEP/Bsep gene expression is regulated by the nuclear farnesoid X receptor. However, BSEP expression, though reduced, is retained in the livers of Fxr−/− mice, indicating that additional transcriptional factors may regulate its expression. Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a major role in response to oxidative stress by binding to antioxidant-responsive elements that regulate many hepatic phase I and II enzymes as well as hepatic efflux transporters. Computer software analysis of human BSEP reveals two musculo-aponeurotic fibrosacroma (Maf) recognition elements (MAREs) from the sequence in the proximal promoter region where Nrf2 may bind. In this study, we assessed whether Nrf2 plays a role in human BSEP expression and if this might be mediated by MAREs. Oltipraz, a potent activator of Nrf2, increased BSEP messenger RNA expression by approximately seven-fold in HepG2 cells and protein by approximately 70% in human hepatocytes. Small interfering RNAs lowered NRF2 expression in HepG2 cells and prevented the up-regulation of BSEP by oltipraz. Human BSEP promoter activity was stimulated by Nrf2 in a dose-dependent manner in luciferase reporter assays. Mutations of the predicted MARE1, but not MARE2, abolished this Nrf2 transcriptional activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays also demonstrated that Nrf2 specifically bound to MARE1, but not MARE2 regions in the BSEP promoter in HepG2 cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays further demonstrated direct binding of MARE1 in the BSEP promoter. Conclusion: Nrf2 is a positive transcriptional regulator of human BSEP expression. Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 may be beneficial for cholestatic liver injury. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Depolarization-Stimulated Contractility of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle in Calcium-Free Solution: A Review

The membrane of most gastrointestinal smooth muscles shows slow waves, slow rhythmic changes in membrane potential. Slow waves serve to bring the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells to a threshold level that elicits a second electrical event known as the spike or action potential. The inward current of the spike, in most gastrointestinal smooth muscle preparations, is carried, at least in part, by calcium. Indeed, considering the narrow diameter of smooth muscle cells, some have hypothesized that the influx of calcium during the spike is sufficient for activation of the contractile machinery. Findings consistent with this include marked reduction in contractility during exposure of muscle segments to blockers of L-type calcium channels or following reductions in external calcium levels. However, it has also been observed that following exposure of muscle segments to external bathing solutions containing no added calcium plus 5 mM EGTA to remove any remaining extracellular calcium, contractions can be triggered following membrane depolarization. It is noteworthy that in isolated smooth muscle cells or in small muscle segments, during incubation in calcium-free solution, depolarization does not induce contractions. The present paper discusses the evidence in support of depolarization-mediated contractions occurring in gastrointestinal smooth muscle segments during incubation in solutions devoid of calcium.
Supercooling and nucleation of silicon after laser melting

Bulk nucleation of crystalline Si at a supercooling of 505 K was observed following pulsedlaser-induced melting of thin films. If the nucleation was homogeneous, the estimated nucleation rate of ${10}^{29}$ events/${\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ \ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{} s implies a liquid-Si-crystalline-Si interfacial energy of 0.34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 J/${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$. In addition, observation of crystalline nucleation bounds the interface energy between amorphous Si and liquid Si to be g 0.20 J/${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$. This laser melting technique is applicable to nucleation studies in a wide variety of materials.
Characterization of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia survival patterns by age at diagnosis.

Age at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivorship. However, literature providing adequate assessment of the survival variability by age at diagnosis is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of this prognostic factor in pediatric ALL survival. We estimated incidence rate of mortality, 5-year survival rate, Kaplan-Meier survival function, and hazard ratio using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data during 1973–2009. There was significant variability in pediatric ALL survival by age at diagnosis. Survival peaked among children diagnosed at 1–4 years and steadily declined among those diagnosed at older ages. Infants (<1 year) had the lowest survivorship. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model stratified by year of diagnosis, those diagnosed in age groups 1–4, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years were 82%, 75%, 57%, and 32% less likely to die compared to children diagnosed in infancy, respectively. Age at diagnosis remained to be a crucial determinant of the survival variability of pediatric ALL patients, after adjusting for sex, race, radiation therapy, primary tumor sites, immunophenotype, and year of diagnosis. Further research is warranted to disentangle the effects of age-dependent biological and environmental processes on this association.
Pioneer Jesuits in Northern Mexico.

The author is narrating the early adventures and hardships of those who founded missions in and beyond the mountain system called the Sierra Madre Occidental.
Visualization and 3D data processing in the David restoration

The program of scientific investigations planned in the framework of the restoration of Michelangelo's David produced several useful guidelines for defining and developing innovative ways to process and visualize 3D data in cultural heritage applications. Our ultimate goal was to include 3D graphics among the tools which can help restorers select the proper restoration procedures for the task at hand and objectively assess restoration results. For this, the David restoration was an ideal test bed to demonstrate the usefulness of digital 3D models and visualization tools in a restoration project. Because a complex set of scientific investigations was planned before and after the restoration intervention, we could try various methodologies to support restorers and scientists with visualization tools based on 3D digital models.
Regular physical activity prevents development of chronic pain and activation of central neurons.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a significant health problem and is associated with increases in pain during acute physical activity. Regular physical activity is protective against many chronic di...
What's Wrong with American Taiwan Policy

American efforts to reassure Beijing have confused our Taiwan policy, increasing the risk of war. The United States needs to return to a policy that worked well for a quarter century: combining clarity about ends with “strategic ambiguity” about the means.
Meeting mediator: enhancing group collaboration with sociometric feedback

In this paper we present the Meeting Mediator (MM), a real-time, personal, and portable system providing feedback to enhance group collaboration. Social interactions are captured using Sociometric badges [6] and are visualized on mobile phones to promote change in behavior. In a study on brainstorming and problem-solving meetings, MM had a significant effect on overlapping speaking time and interactivity level without distracting the subjects. Our system encourages effective group dynamics that may lead to higher performance and satisfaction. We envision MM to be deployed in real-world organizations to improve interactions across various group collaboration contexts.
The role of one-carbon metabolism in schizophrenia and depression.

Objective: Physicians often check folate and cobalamin levels in patients with schizophrenia and depression. The reasons for this practice are reviewed, as well as implications for treatment. Method: The physiology of the one-carbon cycle, involving folate, cobalamin, homocysteine, S-adenosyl-methionine, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is first reviewed, and then the particular contributions of folate and B12 are reviewed. PubMed was searched for studies of the association between folate, cobalamin, homocysteine, and MTHFR polymorphisms and schizophrenia and depression. Results: The recent key studies from the large literature addressing these topics are summarized. Treatment implications are discussed. Conclusion: It is important to check folate and B12 levels in certain situations, such as alcoholism, malnutrition, malabsorption, and the concurrent use of some medications. Checking homocysteine and methylmalonic levels might be useful. With respect to treatment, folate and cobalamin def...
Interstitial lung disease

Abstract Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias represent an important group of interstitial lung diseases, encompassing seven entities: (1) usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; (2) non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP); (3) organizing pneumonia/cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP); (4) diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)/acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP); (5) respiratory bronchiolitis (RB)/respiratory bronchiolitis–interstitial lung disease (RB–ILD); (6) desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP); and (7) lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP). The term idiopathic means that the cause is not certain at the time of diagnosis, but each of these patterns of interstitial pneumonia can occur in the setting of known causes as well. This review will highlight the pathological features and differential diagnosis of interstitial pneumonias, along with the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan and clinical features, emphasizing the importance of clinical, radiological and pathological correlation to establish the correct diagnosis. Familiarity with the histological patterns of lung injury in these disorders will aid pathologists in recognizing the correct diagnosis. It is also important for pathologists and clinicians to understand the settings in which HRCT can overrule pathological findings. In particular, if an HRCT scan shows classical features of UIP, despite surgical biopsy findings of NSIP, the clinical–radiological–pathological diagnosis would be UIP.
Automated target recognition on SPLASH 2

Automated target recognition is an application area that requires special-purpose hardware to achieve reasonable performance. FPGA-based platforms can provide a high level of performance for ATR systems if the implementation can be adapted to the limited FPGA and routing resources of these architectures. The paper discusses a mapping experiment where a linear-systolic implementation of an ATR algorithm is mapped to the SPLASH 2 platform. Simple column oriented processors were used throughout the design to achieve high performance with limited nearest neighbor communication. The distributed SPLASH 2 memories are also exploited to achieve a high degree of parallelism. The resulting design is scalable and can be spread across multiple SPLASH 2 boards with a linear increase in performance.
Gutfeeling, a Drosophila Gene Encoding an Antizyme-like Protein, Is Required for Late Differentiation of Neurons and Muscles

The gutfeeling (guf) gene was uncovered in a genetic screen for genes that are required for proper development of the embryonic peripheral nervous system. Mutations in guf cause defects in growth cone guidance and fasciculation and loss of expression of several neuronal markers in the embryonic peripheral and central nervous systems. guf is required for terminal differentiation of neuronal cells. Mutations in guf also affect the development of muscles in the embryo. In the absence of guf activity, myoblasts are formed properly, but myoblast fusion and further differentiation of muscle fibers is severely impaired. The guf gene was cloned and found to encode a 21-kD protein with a significant sequence similarity to the mammalian ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (OAZ). In mammals, OAZ plays a key regulatory role in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway through its binding to, and inhibition of, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first enzyme in the pathway. The elaborate regulation of ODC activity in mammals still lacks a defined developmental role and little is known about the involvement of polyamines in cellular differentiation. GUF is the first antizyme-like protein identified in invertebrates. We discuss its possible developmental roles in light of this homology.
Reinforcing Records for Improving the Quality of Data Integration

In the data integration, the heterogeneity of sources leads to missing value and various expressions of the same value in records, which reduces the quality of data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reinforce records for the integrated data. By studying the functional dependency of attribute in schema of data integration, we discover the related attribute that determines the attribute with uncertain value. Then our approach exploits matching algorithms on the value of related attribute to associate different records. And the uncertain value will be reinforced with the consistent value in a certain record. We also propose algorithms for reinforcing dataset of data integration. The experiments based on the data of conference paper demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of our approach on improving the quality of data.
Digital Imaging in Teaching Structures: A Rigorous Visual Approach

The paper outlines a project to incorporate digital images and the World Wide Web into the teaching of structural design for buildings, using an approach that is both highly visual and theoretically rigorous. A key objective of the project is to teach students how to understand a structure through visual critical analysis, applying hypotheses based on structural principles to explain phenomena and features visible in photographs of structures that are complete, under construction, or damaged. The project takes advantage of the special characteristics of digital images in conveying structural concepts—including the use of digital enhancement, annotation, and manipulation to clarify phenomena—and conceptually links them to physical and mathematical principles. In addition, the project uses the World Wide Web to make photograhs available outside the classroom, enabling image-based homework assignments. The Web is also used to collect and review input from student. The paper finds that, although they can be used independently, the applications of digital imaging and the applications of the Web are particularly powerful in combination.
Planar Microassembly by Parallel Actuation of MEMS Microrobots

We present designs, theory, and results of fabrication and testing for a novel parallel microrobotic assembly scheme using stress-engineered MEMS microrobots. The robots are 240-280 mum times 60 mum times 7-20 mum in size and can be controlled to dock compliantly together, forming planar structures several times this size. The devices are classified into species based on the design of their steering arm actuators, and the species are further classified as independent if they can be maneuvered independently using a single global control signal. In this paper, we show that microrobot species are independent if the two transition voltages of their steering arms, i.e., the voltages at which the arms are raised or lowered, form a unique pair. We present control algorithms that can be applied to groups of independent microrobot species to direct their motion from arbitrary nondead-lock configurations to desired planar microassemblies. We present designs and fabrication for four independent microrobot species, each with a unique transition voltage. The fabricated microrobots are used to demonstrate directed assembly of five types of planar structures from two classes of initial conditions. We demonstrate an average docking accuracy of 5 mum and use self-aligning compliant interaction between the microrobots to further align and stabilize the intermediate assemblies. The final assemblies match their target shapes on average 96%, by area.
Making Sense of OA

January, 2015 – This issue of the International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (IJNP) is available Open Access (OA), representing a major shift for the official Journal of the International College of Neuropsychopharmacology (CINP). Moving the journal from a traditional subscription-based publication model to an (OA) model means anyone in the world with Internet access can read and make use of all the important findings presented in the journal, free of charge. This new publication model will also make the papers published in IJNP more visible and thus more frequently downloaded, as well as allow much more flexibility for the journal’s authors to use and repurpose their own works. The term “OA” has at least three primary definitions. One of the originals, known as the Budapest OA Initiative, requires that OA content be freely available and that all uses, including commercial uses, be allowed so long as the authors are “properly acknowledged and cited.” Others, such as the Bethesda and Berlin statements, say that OA materials should allow others to “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution…”. A key phrase to take note of here is “responsible purpose.” Some OA supporters feel that to be truly OA, commercial uses must be allowed, which is in accordance with the Budapest definition. Others believe that allowing all commercial uses may be irresponsible and so interpret the Bethesda and Berlin statements to mean that OA materials should be made freely available for all noncommercial purposes, such as for education and research. Additionally, articles that are made freely available but do not permit any reuses without direct permission from the copyright holder are often referred to as “publicly available” or “free to view.” And so … jasnam{at}umich.edu
The Effects of Zebra Mussels on the Lower Planktonic Foodweb in Lake Champlain

Abstract Selective grazing by zebra mussels has altered phytoplankton communities in many North American lakes, but the specific changes are not the same in each ecosystem. Because of this variation in response, we investigated the impacts of zebra mussels on the plankton community of Lake Champlain with two objectives: first to determine whether zebra mussels increased the dominance of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton, and second to explore the impact of zebra mussels on protozoans, rotifers, copepod nauplii, and other microzooplankton in the lower food web. Experiments were conducted in 200-L mesocosms filled with Lake Champlain water filtered through a 150-μm sieve to remove macrozooplankton. Zebra mussels were added to half of the mesocosms while the others were maintained as controls. Over a 96-hour experimental period, we tracked nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, chlorophyll a, microcystin concentration, and both phytoplankton and microzooplankton composition and abundance. We found an increase in SRP and total nitrogen concentration and a decrease in the ratio of TN:TP in the zebra mussel treatments over time. Microcystin was undetectable throughout the experiment using the ELISA assay. Phytoplankton biovolume, including cyanobacteria biovolume, declined significantly in the zebra mussel treatments, as did rotifer, protozoan and nauplii abundance. By both direct (consumption) and indirect (altered nutrient availabilities and increased competition) means, zebra mussels clearly seem capable of strongly influencing the lower planktonic foodweb in the many shallow water habitats of Lake Champlain.
Viamigo: A digital travel assistant for people with intellectual disabilities: Modeling and design using contemporary intelligent technologies as a support for independent traveling of people with intellectual disabilities

The ABLE-TO-INCLUDE is a European CIP project that seeks to improve the lives of people with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) and similar conditions. In order to be included in today's society it is becoming increasingly important to be able to use the current available technological tools. The number of apps is growing exponentially but very few are really accessible to people with IDD. Accessibility is usually a missing variable of the equation, and when present is usually directed towards user with a sensory disability, such as visual or listening impairment. This scenario derives in a social breach that excludes people with IDD from the information society. In order to palliate this situation, the ABLE-TO-INLCUDE project creates a context aware accessibility layer based in developed components that, by being integrated with existent and future ICT tools (especially with mobile apps) can improve daily tasks of people with IDD and help them interact with the information society. The integration of this accessibility layer with existent ICT tools will be demonstrated in 3 different pilots in Spain, Belgium and UK, in 3 different usage scenarios (leisure within the information society, mobility and labour integration). In this paper, we focus on the mobility pilot in Belgium. This pilot builds on the research that led to the development of the Viamigo toolkit. This is composed of apps that monitors people on the move, evaluates their position against the expected path and alerts caretakers or coaches when unexpected events occur. The benefits of such a toolkit are discussed. Vulnerable people use Viamigo. The organisations, parents and caretakers are often not very familiar with the use of technology. The design and modeling of Viamigo is therefore much depending on users expectations and acceptance of the technology. This paper will report on methods and results of the human-centered approach walked hand in hand with the development cycle. This paper also reports on interactions with the different stakeholders, the technological choices that resulted from this and the architecture that is put in place to support these choices. The Viamigo project is used as an interdisciplinary platform that brings together students from engineering, social science and occupational therapy. They contribute to the research from different perspectives and collaborate over the borders of their own study field. Finally, we discuss the future development, based on user experiences and technological opportunities.
Understanding CHOKe

A recently proposed active queue management, CHOKe, is stateless, simple to implement, yet surprisingly effective in protecting TCP from UDP flows. As UDP rate increases, even though the number of UDP packets in the queue rises, its bandwidth share eventually drops to zero, in stark contrast to the behavior of a regular FIFO buffer. We derive a detailed model of CHOKe that accurately predicts this, and other behaviors of CHOKe, and validate the model with simulations. Its key features are the incorporation of the feedback equilibrium of TCP with dropping probability and the spatial characteristics of the queueing process. CHOKe produces a "leaky buffer" where packets can be dropped as they move toward the head of the queue. This leads to a spatially nonuniform distribution of packets and their velocity, and makes it possible for a flow to simultaneously maintain a large number of packets in the queue and receive a vanishingly small bandwidth share. This is the main mechanism through which CHOKe protects TCP from UDP flows.
HEAT TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF CRISTOBALITE AND DISCUSSION OF “SNOWFLAKE” FORMATION

Thermal diffusivity ( D ) was obtained from cristobalite formed via melting slightly hydrous fused silica using laser flash analysis. Natural samples have lower D due to contamination ( e.g. , with feldspar) or to varying amounts of pore space. Data collected from cristobalite from 298 to 1300 K is fit by 14.11×106 T −2.+0.000493 T mm2/s. Values of D ( e.g. , 1.85 mm2/s at 298 K) and thermal conductivity are similar to those for rhyolite and silica glass, but higher than their melt values, consistent with cristobalite being highly disordered, but without the additional degree of freedom for a melt. Formation of snowflake obsidian is discussed in view of our synthesis experiments.
Use of 50% Dextrose as the Distension Medium During Cystoscopy for Visualization of Ureteric Jets.

BACKGROUND: Indigotindisulfonate sodium has been used to color the urine and thereby improve the visualization of ureteric jets during intraoperative cystoscopy. After indigotindisulfonate sodium became unavailable, there has been an ongoing search for an alternate agent to improve visualization of the jets. METHOD: We used 50% dextrose, which is more viscous than urine, as the distension medium during cystoscopy so that the ureteric efflux is seen as a jet of contrasting viscosity. We instilled 100 mL of 50% dextrose into the bladder through an indwelling catheter, which is then removed and cystoscopy is performed as usual. EXPERIENCE: We observed jets of contrasting viscosity in every patient in whom 50% dextrose was used as compared with coloring agents in which the jet is not always colored at the time of cystoscopy. Visualization of the other structures in the bladder and the bladder wall itself is not altered by 50% dextrose, although the volume of 50% dextrose that we typically use may not provide adequate distension for a complete assessment of the bladder. If additional distension is necessary, normal saline may be used in addition to the 50% dextrose once the ureteric jets have been assessed. CONCLUSION: Fifty percent dextrose is an effective alternative to indigotindisulfonate sodium for visualization of ureteric jets during cystoscopy.
Spectrotemporal organization of excitatory and inhibitory receptive fields of cat posterior auditory field neurons.

The excitatory and inhibitory frequency/intensity response areas (FRAs) and spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) of posterior auditory cortical field (PAF) single neurons were investigated in b...
The Cardiac Cell Cycle

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the current understanding of cell cycle regulation in cardiac myocytes and the molecular connections among proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in the developing heart. Clinical syndromes in which these events are germane include, most obviously, hypoplastic heart syndromes and many common congenital heart defects but also the less familiar disorder, noncompaction. Moreover, it has been suggested, in other contexts, that hypertrophic growth may be a forme fruste of cell-cycle reentry, with the imposition of a block at the G1/S checkpoint through pocket protein action; direct tests are needed, however, to assess the possible relevance of this model to agonist- and load-induced myocardial hypertrophy. A link between cell cycle regulators and death signals that might not be considered in the context of cycling is shown by the degradation of Rb via an ICE-like protease during apoptosis as well as by the ability of a cleavage-resistant Rb to protect cells from certain apoptotic triggers. Beyond this role in pathophysiology, apoptosis is also believed to contribute to normal cardiac morphogenesis, such as during the normal regression of the right ventricle upon unloading after birth. It remains unknown whether differential rates of proliferation, apoptosis, or alternative events explain the mechanics of how looping morphogenesis proceeds.
Co-design of a SiGe BiCMOS X-band, asymmetric, low insertion loss, high power handling SPDT Switch and an Ultra Low Noise LNA for next-generation T/R modules

This work proposes an asymmetric SPDT transmit/receive (T/R) switch co-optimized with a low-noise amplifier (LNA) tailored to X-band operation and implemented in an 0.13 µm silicon-germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology. The switch achieves very high power handling capability in transmit mode, while maintaining low insertion loss, by utilizing an asymmetric topology. In receive mode, low noise is obtained by integrating a lumped-element matching network used simultaneously as a noise matching network for the LNA, as well as a lumped λ/4 transformer for the SPDT switch isolation. In transmit mode, the SPDT-LNA results in 1.1 dB minimum insertion loss, 26 dB isolation, and 26.9 dBm output P1dB at 10 GHz. In receive mode, the measured minimum noise figure (NF) is 1.9 dB with 15 dB gain at 10 GHz. To the authors' best knowledge, these results are the lowest NF and highest transmit output P1dB for any Si-based SPDT-LNA currently reported at X-band, and represents a significant step towards the realization of next-generation of Si-based high performance T/R modules.
Using Service-Learning as a Tool to Develop Intercultural Understanding

Service-learning provides a wide range of opportunities for students to develop intercultural understanding. As a practice, service-learning has the potential to strengthen the development of student attitudes that support collaboration between people of different cultural groups. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the ways in which engaging in international service-learning could be used to leverage students’ development of intercultural understanding. Nineteen urban high school students from a predominantly low SES school engaged in a service-learning experience for two weeks in Costa Rica. This manuscript chronicles the process and procedures undertaken to prepare and engage students throughout the service-learning process and highlights the understandings that were cultivated.
Carbon nanotube-templated assembly of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) in solution

Control of structural heterogeneity by rationally encoding of the molecular assemblies is a key enabling design of hierarchical, multifunctional materials of the future. Here we report the strategies to gain such control using solution- based assembly to construct a hybrid nano-assembly and a network hybrid structure of regioregular poly(3- alkylthiophene) - carbon nanotube (P3AT-CNT). The opto-electronic performance of conjugated polymer (P3AT) is defined by the structure of the aggregate in solution and in the solid film. Control of P3AT aggregation would allow formation of broad range of morphologies with very distinct electro-optical. We utilize interactive templating to confine the assembly behavior of conjugated polymers, replacing poorly controlled solution processing approach. Perfect crystalline surface of the single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT/MWCNT) acts as a template, seeding P3AT aggregation of the surface of the nanotube. The seed continues directional growth through pi-pi stacking leading to the formation of to well-defined P3AT-CNT morphologies, including comb-like nano-assemblies, super- structures and gel networks. Interconnected, highly-branched network structure of P3AT-CNT hybrids is of particular interest to enable efficient, long-range, balanced charge carrier transport. The structure and opto-electionic function of the intermediate assemblies and networks of P3AT/CNT hybrids are characterized by transmission election microscopy and UV-vis absorption.
Gain and H-plane beamwidth stabilized millimeter wave horn antenna

A millimeter wave horn antenna operating between 18 GHz and 45 GHz with stable nominal gain of 16.1±0.5 dBi, consistent half-power beamwidth about 300, and VSWR less than 2 is designed. Studies are conducted to determine the impact each structural parameter of the antenna has on its far- and near-field performance. The manufacturing constraints associated with the CNC machining and 3-D printing are heavily weighted in the design process thus making this antenna practically realizable.
Gender Differences in Heterosexual Dating: A Content Analysis of Personal Ads

Heterosexual females and males are continually searching for members of the opposite sex for dating and romance. Have changes in gender roles over the recent past resulted in changes in the characteristics in the search for dating and romance? There are various available choices for those presently interested in meeting, dating, and possibly finding romance with some-one. One of these available choices, placing descriptive, singles ads in newspapers and magazines, was investigated in this research. A content analysis of 1,433 descriptive ads was conducted to determine the characteristics sought in potential heterosexual partners for females and males and to compare these characteristics with characteristics identified in previous studies. Results of this content analysis suggest that changes in the “marriage gradient” are taking place and that nonsmoking is becoming more of a concern for both males and females who are seeking a potential partner.
Housing for the Elderly: Addressing Gaps in Knowledge Through the Lens of Age-Friendly Communities

ABSTRACTWe identify salient research gaps in the elderly housing research and respond to the lack of knowledge, guided by Menec, Means, Keating, Parkhurst, and Eales' (2011) age-friendly communities framework. These gaps in knowledge include age-friendliness, aging in place, conceptualization of home, falls, housing as it relates to disability and health, person-environment fit, and housing programs and initiatives. We discuss how the age-friendly paradigm can inform these areas of the literature and address problems presented in each. This review is intended to provide a roadmap for future researchers, administrators, clinicians, and policy makers.
Chemotherapy-induced Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, a case report and review of the literature

Several chemotherapy molecules, monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been linked to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC). In this article, we describe the case of a 45-year-old woman who developed TC after receiving an intra-arterial and intra-venous polychemotherapy for locally advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal. This is the first described case of TC associated with intra-arterial chemotherapy. A review of the literature points to 5-fluorouracil as the most common molecule associated with TC and highlights the potential risk associated with rechallenging patient with the same drug.