cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual Trajectories of Dementia and Social Support in the Mexican-Origin Population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the next few decades, the number of Mexican American older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders will increase dramatically. Given that this population underutilizes formal care services, the degree of care responsibilities in Mexican American families is likely to increase at the same time. However, little is known about the changing need for assistance with instrumental day-to-day activities and emotional support by long-term patterns of cognitive impairment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We use 7 waves of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (1992/1993-2010/2011) and trajectory modeling to describe long-term patterns of perceived emotional and instrumental support, and dementia. RESULTS Results revealed 2 latent classes of both emotional and instrumental support trajectories: low and high support. Specifically, those living alone were more likely to belong to the group with low support than to that with high support. Three latent classes for likely dementia were also revealed: likely dementia, increasing impairment, and no impairment. Those living alone were more likely to belong to the increasing impairment and likely dementia groups. The dual trajectory of emotional and instrumental support with likely dementia revealed that the probability of belonging to the low-support group was highest for those with increasing impairment. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings highlight the risk and vulnerability of those who live alone concerning perceived social support and dementia. Implications of the findings for the potential dependency burden on Latino caregivers are discussed.
Prone Positioning With Deep Inspiration Breath Hold for Left Breast Radiotherapy.

Abstract Background With advances in treatment, outcomes for early-stage breast cancer are improving. We investigated the combination of prone position and deep inspiration breath hold to decrease cardiac doses for left-sided breast radiotherapy. Material and Methods Fifteen patients with left-sided breast cancer were enrolled on a single-institution prospective study. Each patient underwent 2 prone positioned computed tomography simulation scans utilizing free breathing and breath-hold. Separate treatment plans for each computed tomography simulation scan were created using tangential fields, and heart and left lung doses were compared between free breathing and breath-hold plans. The technique with the lower mean dose for the heart was used for treatment. All patients were treated with a hypofractionated regimen of 40 to 42 Gy in 15 to 16 fractions, followed by a lumpectomy cavity boost of 10 Gy in 5 fractions when indicated. Wilcoxon paired signed rank tests and paired t tests were performed for statistical analysis of dosimetric endpoints. Results The median age of our patients was 58 years (range, 40-72 years). One patient was not able to tolerate prone positioning at simulation, leaving 14 patients with evaluable paired scans. The average mean heart dose with free breathing and with breath-hold was 0.93 Gy and 0.72 Gy, respectively (P = .0063). The average max heart dose with free breathing and with breath-hold was 15.70 Gy and 7.19 Gy, respectively (P = .001). The average mean left lung dose with free breathing and with breath-hold was 0.65 Gy and 0.88 Gy, respectively (P = .011). Conclusions Our results indicate that breath-hold using the real-time position management system may provide additional cardiac dose reduction in patients receiving prone left-breast radiotherapy treated with tangential fields.
Spatial heterogeneity promotes coexistence of rock-paper-scissors metacommunities.

a b s t r a c t The rock–paper–scissors game – which is characterized by three strategies R, P, S, satisfying the nontransitive relations S excludes P, P excludes R, and R excludes S – serves as a simple prototype for studying more complex non-transitive systems. For well-mixed systems where interactions result in fitness reductions of the losers exceeding fitness gains of the winners, classical theory predicts that two strategies go extinct. The effects of spatial heterogeneity and dispersal rates on this outcome are analyzed using a general framework for evolutionary games in patchy landscapes. The analysis reveals that coexistence is determined by the rates at which dominant strategies invade a landscape occupied
222 COVID-19 Related Stress Intensify the Impact of Child Maltreatment on Sleep Quality

Introduction: Child maltreatment (CM) is a significant stressor that is associated with sleep problems in children and adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic introduces new psychosocial stressors, which may be particularly harmful to youth already experiencing stress in the home environment. Using multi-dimensional (threat vs deprivation) assessments of CM, the present study aimed to test whether COVID-19 related stress intensified the association between maltreatment (abuse vs neglect) and sleep problems among youth. Methods: This study utilized data from a longitudinal sample of youth (N=126;Mage at T1=12.9) assessed between January 2019 and March 2020 (T1) and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020;T2). Latent factors for COVID-19 related stress included three questions asking about negative changes, uncertainty about the future, and stress-induced by disruptions. CM at T1 was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Multidimensional aspects of CM included a threat factor (sum of Emotional, Physical, and Sexual Abuse) and a deprivation factor (sum of Emotional and Physical Neglect). Sleep-related problems at both T1 and T2 were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score. Structural equation modeling was conducted in Mplus 8.1 to test direct and interaction effects of CM and COVID-19 related stress on sleep problems at T2 while controlling for sleep problems at T1 and demographic covariates. Results: Threat-related abuse was significantly associated with increased sleep problems at T2 (β =.43, p < .01) but neglect was not (β =.03, p = .85). Additionally, COVID-19 related stress significantly intensified the link between abuse and sleep problems (β =.14, p < .05) as well as between neglect and sleep problems (β =.43, p < .01) at T2. Among youth who experienced higher levels of CM, increased COVID-19 related stress exacerbated sleep problems. Conclusion: These results bolster extant research on the negative impact CM bears on youth sleep health and indicates that COVID- 19 stress may exacerbate sleep problems. Our findings inform future prevention and intervention efforts that aim to reduce sleep problems among youth who experience CM during the COVID-19 pandemic.
High Dose Rate Brachytherapy as Monotherapy vs. External Beam With HDR Boost in Unfavorable Intermediate Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: A Matched-Pair Analysis.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Both high-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy (HDR-M) as well as combined with external beam radiotherapy as a boost (HDR-B) are acceptable treatment approaches for intermediate risk prostate cancer, but data directly comparing relative outcomes of these two approaches for unfavorable intermediate risk (UIR) patients is lacking. This matched-pair analysis compares clinical outcomes for National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) defined unfavorable intermediate-risk (UIR) patients treated with HDR-M relative to those treated with HDR-B. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with NCCN UIR prostate cancer [Gleason grade group 3, ≥ 50% biopsy cores positive, or ≥ 2 of the following: PSA > 10 and ≤ 20 ng/mL, Gleason score 7, or clinical stage T2b-T2c] were identified in a prospectively maintained, single institution database. Criteria for the matched pair analysis included: 1) age ± 3 years, 2) Gleason Score (minor and major), and 3) clinical T stage. Brachytherapy doses were based on our current institutional standards: 10.5 Gy x 2 for HDR-B and 13.5 Gy x 2 for HDR-M. HDR-B patients received 45-46 Gy in 23-25 fractions EBRT to the prostate, seminal vesicles, and pelvic lymph nodes. Follow-up time was measured from the date of first HDR implant to the date of last recorded follow-up. Biochemical failure was defined as PSA nadir + 2. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS), cause specific survival (CSS), disease-free survival (DFS), loco-regional recurrence (LRR) and freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF). RESULTS 51 matched pairs were identified and included in the analysis. HDR-M had a shorter median follow-up time of 39 months vs 100 months in HDR-B (P < 0.001). Race and pre-treatment PSA were well balanced. No significant differences in OS, CSS, or DFS at 1, 3, 5, or 8 years were identified. OS was 100%, 97.9%, 97.9%, 86.8% (HDR-B) vs 100%, 100%, 100%, 85.7% (HDR-M, P = 0.870). CSS was 100%, 100%, 100%, 94.6% (HDR-B) vs 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% (HDR-M, P = 0.426). Kaplan-Meier FFBF at 1/3/5/8 years was 100%, 91.7%, 91.7%, 91.7% (HDR-B) vs 95.7%, 92.1%, 92.1%, 92.1% (HDR-M, P = 0.821). Disease-free survival at 1/3/5/8 years was 82.4%, 76.2%, 76.2%, 76.2% (HDR-B) vs 92%, 88.4%, 88.4%, 88.4% (HDR-M, P = 0.092). CONCLUSION HDR brachytherapy as monotherapy represents a highly effective upfront therapy without the added toxicity of pelvic radiation for appropriately selected UIR prostate cancer patients.
SU-E-T-92: Achieving Desirable Lung Doses in Total Body Irradiation Based On in Vivo Dosimetry and Custom Tissue Compensation

Purpose: To achieve desirable lung doses in total body irradiation (TBI) based on in vivo dosimetry and custom tissue compensation. Methods: The 15 MV photon beam of a Varian TrueBeam STx linac was used for TBI. Patients were positioned in the lateral decubitus position for AP/PA treatment delivery. Dose was calculated using the midpoint of the separation distance across the patient’s umbilicus. Patients received 200 cGy twice daily for 3 days. The dose rate at the patient’s midplane was approximately 10 cGy/min. Cerrobend blocks with a 5-HVL thickness were used for the primary lung shielding. A custom styrofoam holder for rice-flour filled bags was created based on the lung block cutouts. This was used to provide further lung shielding based on in vivo dose measurements. Lucite plates and rice-flour bags were placed in the head, neck, chest, and lower extremity regions during the treatment to compensate for the beam off-axis output variations. Two patients were included in the study. Patients 1 and 2 received a craniospinal treatment (1080 cGy) and a mediastinum treatment (2520 cGy), respectively, before the TBI. During the TBI nanoDot dosimeters were placed on the patient skin in the forehead, neck, umbilicus, and lung regions for dose monitoring. The doses were readout immediately after the treatment. Based on the readings, fine tuning of the thickness of the rice-flour filled bags was exploited to achieve the desirable lung doses. Results: For both patients the mean lung doses, which took into consideration all treatments, were controlled within 900 +/−10% cGy, as desired. Doses to the forehead, neck, and umbilicus were achieved within +/−10% of the prescribed dose (1200 cGy). Conclusion: A reliable and robust method was developed to achieve desirable lung doses and uniform body dose in TBI based on in vivo dosimetry and custom tissue compensator.
State of the art in economic evaluation methodologies and manufacturer impact modeling

Motivated by concerns about energy supplies or prices, governments have initiated a number of policies that directly affect household appliances. The most direct intervention, and the one that has engendered the greatest amount of analytical effort, has been energy performance standards. A summary of international appliance standards is presented elsewhere.
Dental Hygiene Regulation and Access to Oral Healthcare: Assessing the Variation across the US States

Regulations in many US states prevent dental hygienists (DHs) from fulfilling their potential to improve oral healthcare. Wing et al. found that stringent practice regulations lower DH wages and reduce access to care. We add licensure regulations to the analysis and estimate the simultaneous effect of licensure and practice restrictions on the DH labour market and access to care. The results are consistent with licensure restrictions reducing employment, practice restrictions reducing wages, and wage and employment rates jointly influencing the prevalence of dental office visits. These results suggest that in order to significantly improve access to oral healthcare, states need to consider how their entry and practice regulations interact to influence outcomes.
One-sided algorithms for integrating empirical and explanation-based learning

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a framework for integrating empirical learning with explanation-based learning and presents an algorithm that does this with both pure conjunctive concepts and k-CNF concepts. The framework involves using an empirical and an explanation-based method to form separate hypotheses, and then combining the hypotheses from the separate sources to form a composite hypothesis. An additional important complication arises because the system is required to learn the domain theory (via an empirical method) while using the domain theory to support the explanation-based method. The hypotheses produced by explanation-based learning with a domain theory acquired with such a one-sided empirical learning method will also never be more general than the correct hypothesis. As both the empirical and explanation-based hypotheses are not more general than the correct hypothesis, they can be combined by finding the least general hypothesis consistent with both hypotheses. In this manner, the integrated hypothesis would be the least general hypothesis that is consistent with both the observed data and the domain knowledge.
Human-aware mobile robot exploration and motion planner

Conventionally, robot exploration problem assumes a static environment. Casting the exploration problem with the presence of humans brings new possibilities for interactive exploration tasks including robot rescue, etc. In this paper, we present a mobile robot system designed to explore an unknown environment with humans. The system is able to perform the robot localization and mapping, and produce the positions of humans in the environment at the same time. The system combines techniques of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), motion planning, and human recognition. Our approach maximizes the exploration efficiency by designing optimal exploration paths. Moreover, the robot is able to perform human-aware behavior during the exploration, which complies with human safety, preferences and actions. Both simulation and field experimental results in real world settings are presented.
Capabilities, performance, and future possibilities of high frequency polyprase resonant converters

High frequency polyphase resonant power conditioning (PRPC) techniques developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are now being utilized for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator klystron RF amplifier power systems. Three different styles of polyphase resonant converter modulators were developed for the SNS application. The various systems operate up to 140 kV, or 11 MW pulses, or up to 1.1 MW average power, all from a DC input of plusmn1.2 kV. Component improvements realized with the SNS effort coupled with new applied engineering techniques have resulted in dramatic changes in RF power conditioning topology. As an example, the high-voltage transformers are less than 1% the size and weight of equivalent 60 Hz versions. With resonant conversion techniques, load protective networks are not required. A shorted load detunes the resonance and little power transfer can occur. This provides for power conditioning systems that are inherently self-protective, with automatic fault "ride-through" capabilities. By altering the Los Alamos design, higher power and CW power conditioning systems can be realized without further demands of the individual component voltage or current capabilities. This has led to designs that can accommodate 30 MW long pulse applications and megawatt class CW systems with high efficiencies. The same PRPC techniques can also be utilized for lower average power systems (~250 kW). This permits the use of significantly higher frequency conversion techniques that result in extremely compact systems with shorter pulse (10 to 100 us) capabilities. These lower power PRPC systems may be suitable for medical Linacs and mobile RF systems. This paper will briefly review the performance achieved for the SNS accelerator and examine designs for high efficiency megawatt class CW systems and 30 MW peak power applications. The devices and designs for compact higher frequency converters utilized for shorter pulse, lower average power applications will also be presented
Lives in Transition: Stories of Three Foreign Elementary Students from India

This qualitative study tells the stories of three Asian Indian children dealing with the initial phases of adjustment and acculturation at a multicultural elementary school in USA. Constructed using data collected through classroom observations and in-depth interviews with children, parents, and school personnel, these stories reveal important linkages between families and schools, and their respective roles in foreign-born children’s acculturation into the host culture. The pressures to maintain Indian identity, language, food habits, and traditions are all important aspects of these children’s experiences. The school context shapes their educational experiences and adjustment. This study also touches upon some important policy issues for schools in relation to multicultural programs, ESL instruction, native language instruction, and support services for their increasingly diverse student and parent communities. One such issue pertains to the recognition of student’s ethnic and cultural identity in a public school. Key words: Asian Indian, Foreign Students, Voluntary Minority, Immigrant Education, and Multiculturalism in Education
Using model replication to improve the reliability of agent-based models

The basic presupposition of model replication activities for a computational model such as an agent-based model (ABM) is that, as a robust and reliable tool, it must be replicable in other computing settings. This assumption has recently gained attention in the community of artificial society and simulation due to the challenges of model verification and validation. Illustrating the replication of an ABM representing fraudulent behavior in a public service delivery system originally developed in the Java-based MASON toolkit for NetLogo by a different author, this paper exemplifies how model replication exercises provide unique opportunities for model verification and validation process. At the same time, it helps accumulate best practices and patterns of model replication and contributes to the agenda of developing a standard methodological protocol for agent-based social simulation.
Orthogonal systems invariant under an automorphism

В статье определяетс я некоторое свойство, называемое квазиэргодичностью, для авто-морфизмов (обратимых линейных п реобразований) вещес твенного евклидова пространс тва. Это свойство использ уется для характериз ации тех автоморфизмов, для ко торых существу-ют полные ортогональны е системы, инвариантн ые (в определенном смысле) относительно рассматриваемого ав томорфизма.
Acetabular distraction technique—An alternative for the treatment of chronic pelvic discontinuity

Abstract Severe acetabular bone loss in the setting of revision total hip arthroplasty is a complex problem. Certain acetabular bone loss patterns can be associated with chronic pelvic discontinuity. There are several options available for the treatment of acetabular bone loss with associated chronic pelvic discontinuity. The literature demonstrates variable results with each technique. We present a novel surgical technique called acetabular distraction with the use of a porous metal shell and modular porous metal augments. This technique allows for peripheral or lateral acetabular distraction and medial or central compression at the site of the discontinuity.
2,5-Diamino-3,4-dicyanothiophene

2,5-Diamino-3,4-dicyanothiophene product: 2,5-diamino-3,4-dicyanothiophene Keywords: addition, miscellaneous; annulation, heterocyclic-[5]; cyclization, miscellaneous; reduction, miscellaneous; carbon disulfide; hydrogen sulfide, toxicity; tetracyanoethylene, skin irritant
Dynamic Load Measurement of Ballistic Gelatin Impact Using an Instrumented Tube

Bird strikes are a common problem for the aerospace industry and can cause serious damage to an aircraft. Ballistic gelatin is frequently used as a surrogate for actual bird carcasses in bird strike tests. Numerical simulations of these tests are used to supplement experimental data, therefore it is necessary to use numerical modeling techniques that can accurately capture the dynamic response of ballistic gelatin. An experimental technique is introduced to validate these modeling techniques. A ballistic gelatin projectile is fired into a strike plate attached to a 36 in. long sensor tube. Dynamic load is measured at two locations relative to the strike plate using strain gages configured in a full Wheatstone bridge. Data from these experiments are used to validate a gelatin constitutive model. Simulations of the apparatus are analyzed to investigate its performance.
Predictors of Relational Aggression and the Moderating Role of Religiousness

Predictors of relational aggression and the moderating role of religiousness on associations between relevant predictors and relational aggression were examined in a sample of 244 university students. Increased childhood relational aggression, increased adult relational victimization, lower agreeableness, and lower emotional stability significantly predicted increased adult relational aggression. Prayer moderated the relationship between agreeableness and adult relational aggression and the association between relational victimization and aggression, and religious service attendance moderated the relationship between emotional stability and relational aggression. Results are discussed in terms of the higher level latent personality constructs of self-regulation and communion, which suggest a potential protective function for religiousness in association with relational aggression.
Cost allocation in continuous-review inventory models

A centralized inventory system serves a number of stores with common ownership, and thus reliable and timely information sharing. Each of them pays a share of the inventory cost, and the reward structure leaves the owners of individual stores rewarded for their individual performance. Appropriate selection of a cost allocation method is important if such a centralized system is to last. In this work we propose three necessary criteria—stability (core of a related cooperative game), justifiability (consistency of benefits with costs), and polynomial computability. For a concrete example we demonstrate that common allocation procedures may not meet all three tests, and we present a method that that meets all three criteria. This kind of cost allocation analysis helps the common management to evaluate the trade-offs in choosing an allocation scheme for the cost of inventory centralization. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tumor cell origin of histaminase activity in ascites fluid from patients with ovarian carcinoma

We have demonstrated by tissue assay and immunohistochemical techniques that tumor cells appear to be the source of the increased histaminase activity found in 60% of ascitic fluids from patients with ovarian carcinoma. The histaminase activity in 64% of tumor tissues studied was greater than 100 U/g of tissue, a value higher than that for normal tissues other than kidney and intestine. The presence of elevated ascitic fluid histaminase activity (greater than 3.5 U/ml) correlates with the presence of high histaminase activity in tumor tissue. Histaminase activity is higher in ascitic fluid from the patients than it is in their plasma, probably reflecting the direct entry of histaminase into the peritoneal cavity.
The twist map, the extended Frenkel-Kontorova model and the devil's staircase

Abstract This paper reviews exact results which we obtained on the discrete Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model and its extensions, during the past few years. These models are associated with area preserving twist maps of the cylinder (or a part of it) onto itself. The theorems obtained for the FK model thus yields new theorems for the twist maps. We describe the exact structure of the ground-states which are either commensurate or incommensurate and assert the existence of elementary discommensurations under certain necessary and sufficient conditions. Necessary conditions for the trajectories to represent metastable configurations, which can be chaotic, are given. The existence of a finite Peierls-Nabarro barrier for elementary discommensurations is connected with a property of non-integrability of the twist map. We next prove that the existence of KAM tori corresponds to “undefectible” incommensurate ground-states and give a theorem which asserts that when the phonon spectrum of an incommensurate ground-state exhibits a finite gap, then the corresponding trajectory is dense on a Cantor set with zero measure length. These theorems, when applied to the initial FK model, allow one to prove the existence of the transition by “breaking of analyticity” for the incommensurate structures when the parameter which describes the discrepancy of the model from the integrable limit varies. These theorems also allow one to obtain a series of rigorous upper bounds for the stochasticity threshold of the standard map which for the fifth order approximation already approaches within 25% the value which is numerically known. Finally, we describe a theorem proving the existence of a devil's staircase for the variation curve of the atomic mean distance versus a chemical potential, for certain properties of the twist map which are generally satisfied.
A pressure-volume equation for the alkali metals at absolute zero

Abstract A simple theoretical equation containing no adjustable parameters, previously shown to describe the P-V relations of the alkali metals at 0°K up to 100 kbar, is tested up to 250–300 kbar against Rice's shock-wave compression data. The fit is excellent for Li, K and Rb, but Na is less compressible than the equation predicts at high pressures.
Examination of Parenting Styles of Processing Emotions and Differentiation of Self

Gottman and associates theorized emotion coaching, parents’ processing of negative emotions with children, as important for children’s later development. Bowen viewed differentiation, the balance b...
SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (βSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, βSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the βSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in βSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, βSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in βSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of βSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.
Plasma cortisol and catecholamine responses to intracerebroventricular administration of CRF to rhesus monkeys.

Abstract Synthetic ovine corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was administered directly into the 4th ventricle of rhesus monkeys. A dose dependent increase in plasma cortisol was observed following 10 μg/kg, 20 μg/kg, and 60 μg/kg of CRF. Increases in plasma epinephrine were also evident following the highest dose of CRF. Plasma norepinephrine, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate did not increase significantly following CRF administration. These data suggest that in the rhesus monkey, central administration of ovine CRF leads to activation of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis at doses that do not raise plasma catecholamines.
Systematic modelling and comparisons of capacitance and current-based microscopic defect analysis techniques for measurements of high-resistivity silicon detectors after irradiation

Abstract Systematic and integrated physical modelling has been carried out for capacitance and current-based microscopic defect analysis techniques including the C-DLTS (capacitance-deep level transient spectroscopy), I-DLTS (current-DLTS), and TSC (thermally stimulated current). The applicability of various techniques to the characterization of neutron-irradiated high-resistivity silicon detectors has been examined and compared. C-DLTS is valid only for detectors irradiated to neutron fluences less than a few times 10 12 n/cm 2 , while there seems to be no limit for the applicability for I-DLTS or TSC. However, current-based techniques, unlike the C-DLTS, cannot distinguish minority carrier traps from majority ones. In addition, special care may have to be taken in determining the effective depletion depth for highly irradiated detectors.
Humanitarian relief chain: Rapid response under uncertainty

Abstract The recent worldwide devastations have reemphasized the importance of rapid response for saving life. Relief supplies must arrive on time and in adequate quantities. Coordination in a relief chain is complex because of the uncertainties associated with disaster intensity, strike probability, infrastructure-disruption, and the actual damage. The relief effort must weigh the expected social value against delivery delays, and costs of logistics. We explore a 2-stage proactive/reactive approach where response time and relief amounts are decided ex post (after disaster occurs), and the prepositioned inventory is determined ex ante (before disaster occurs). Our major findings are: (i) the response quantity and time must be adjusted to imputed social value, but differently at different disaster intensities and cost structures, and in different communities, (ii) disaster intensity can be categorized into ranges that reveal whether rapid response and/or large relief quantity would be appropriate in each range, (iii) effectiveness of the relief strategy decreases as the disaster intensity increases, and (iv) in scenarios with limited budget, it is possible to earmark a unique budget for real time relief operations, that ensures maximization of social value.
Microbiology of acute sinusitis of odontogenic origin presenting with periorbital cellulitis in children.

Objectives:This study was undertaken to evaluate the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of acute maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin presenting with periodontal infection in children.Methods:...
Marketing Occupational Therapy Services

The ability to understand and appropriately apply business skills is a key component in the development of a successful private practice. Marketing is one of the business skills occupational therapists need to have in order to take full advantage of the opportunities available to entrepeneurs in the health care industry. The purpose of this article is to present a structured approach to marketing occupational therapy services through the use of a marketing plan. The four components of a marketing plan, a situation analysis, the identification of problems, opportunities, and target markets, the development of a marketing strategy for each targeted market, and a method to monitor the plan, are discussed. Applications to occupational therapy practice are suggested. The use of a marketing plan as a method for organizing and focusing marketing efforts is an effective means of supporting and enhancing the development of a private practice.
Winter Range of the Red Bat, Lasiurus borealis

Eight specimens of the red bat, Lasiurus borealis , recently collected in West Virginia, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri during the months of November through February point out the necessity of revising our present concept of the winter range of this species. The winter range of the red bat is generally thought to be from southern United States south to Bermuda and Mexico. For example, Griffin (Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86: 238, 1940) says that it flies south to the southern states where insect food is available throughout the year. Evidence that we have now accumulated shows that it is not uncommon for red bats to winter in regions where freezing weather is frequently encountered. McKeever (a survey of west Virginia mammals, 1951) records two specimens from Pocohontas County, West Virginia, taken at elevations of 2400 and 2500 feet on January 4, 1950. He notes that several others were seen in West Virginia flying in the afternoon of warm days throughout the winter of 1949–1950. He also points out that a red bat was seen flying over Stony Creek, near Sutton, Braxton County, West Virginia, at 3:00 pm on January 18, 1951. Other records of interest from West Virginia are as follows: W. Gene Frum has a specimen of Lasiurus borealis that was found alive hanging on a fence post at Ranger, Lincoln County, on February 27,1952. On November 18,1954, he shot one at dusk 1½ miles west of Lavalette, Wayne County, and he saw at least one other that evening …
Ebola virus disease: The use of fluorescents as markers of contamination for personal protective equipment

The recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak has created interest in personal protective equipment (PPE) content and usage. PPE testing has historically been done by individual component, rather than as a bundle for contact isolation. Fluorescent agents are commonly used in training for infection control techniques. The purpose of our study was to compare 2 PPE bundles and to evaluate the feasibility of fluorescent markers as an assessment tool for PPE effectiveness. Eight healthcare providers volunteered for this preliminary study. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 PPE bundles that meet current (October 20, 2014) CDC recommendations. One PPE bundle utilized commercial EVD-recommended components. The other PPE bundle used components already available at local hospitals or retail stores. Participants were also randomized to standard or high volume exposures (HVE) to simulate fluid splash. Each participant was assisted in PPE donning and doffing by an experienced trainer. A training mannequin was contaminated with fluorescent agents to simulate bodily fluids. Participants were then given clinical tasks to care for the EVD "patient." De-gowned participants were examined under "black light" for fluorescence indicative of contamination. One participant in each PPE arm had evidence of contamination. One of the contamination events was suspected during the patient care exercise. The other contamination event was not suspected until black light examination. In spite of a large difference in cost of PPE, the two bundle arms performed similarly. Bundle testing using fluorescent markers could help identify optimal PPE systems.
Variational Principles for Three-Body Scattering Problems

Several stationary expressions for the direct and the exchange scattered amplitudes in three-body collisions are derived.
Citrate and calcium determination in flavored vodkas using artificial neural networks

Abstract The development of multianalyte sensing schemes by combining indicator-displacement assays with artificial neural network analysis (ANN) for the evaluation of calcium and citrate concentrations in flavored vodkas is presented. This work follows a previous report where an array-less approach was used for the analysis of unknown solutions containing the structurally similar analytes, tartrate and malate. Herein, a two component sensor suite consisting of a synthetic host and the commercially available complexometric dye, xylenol orange, was created. Differential UV–Visible spectral responses result for solutions containing various concentrations of calcium and citrate. The quantitation of the relative calcium and citrate concentrations in unknown mixtures of flavored vodka samples was determined through ANN analysis. The calcium and citrate concentrations in the flavored vodka samples provided by the sensor suite and the ANN methodology described here are compared to values reported by NMR of the same flavored vodkas. We expect that this multianalyte sensing scheme may have potential applications for the analysis of other complex fluids.
Regeneration of carbonyl compounds from 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones with sulfuric acid

A simple, rapid method employing sulfuric acid and water to regenerate earbonyl compounds from 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones is presented. The method was evaluated by using a number of DNP-hydrazones of alkanals, alkan-2-ones, and 2-alkenals and was found to give recoveries ranging from 23 to 61%. The procedure makes possible rapid organoleptic observations and is well adapted for recovery of the free carbonyl compounds for other studies.
1041 HYDROPS FETALIS, FETAL MATERNAL TRANSFUSION AND CHORIOCARCINOMA OF THE PLACENTA

A 4320gm. term Caucasian male was born to a 29 year old para 1011 mother after a normal pregnancy and vaginal delivery. The Apgar score was 4 and 7 at 1 and 5 minutes. He was pale and had generalized anasarca. Initial hemoglobin (Hgb) was 4gm% Hct 12% there were 300 NRBC/100WBC. The smear showed anisocytosis poikilocytosis, polychromasia and burr cells. Mother and baby were O+ direct and indirect Coombs' negative. The initial CVP was 23cm blood gases showed severe metabolic acidosis. The infant underwent a partial exchange transfusion in the delivery room and a second exchange transfusion with donor's hct of 70% and 100cc deficit. Additional problems: assisted ventilation for 14 days, seizures and oliguria. He required several doses of salt poor albumin and diuretics and lost a total of 700gms. He was discharged at age 3 weeks in good condition, on phenobarbital 3 mg/kg/day. Additional laboratory tests included normal G-6-PD, cord IGM and Torch studies. Hemoglobin electrophoresis of the infant's blood showed AF Hgb. Maternal blood tested by the Kleihauer technique showed a fetal adult RBC ratio of .064 corresponding to 100cc of fetal blood. Hemoglobin electrophoresis on maternal blood showed 75% Hgb A 19% Hgb F and 6% Hgb A2, a month later Hgb F was 0%. The placenta revealed evidence of choriocarcinoma. To our knowledge this is the first case of hydrops fetalis associated with choriocarcinoma of the placenta. We assume that the cause of transfusion is destruction of the placenta by tumor.
Monolayer coupling in sphingomyelin bilayer systems

THE transmission of information across biological membranes is of obvious importance. In the past, discussions of possible mechanisms for transmembrane linkage, in the absence of transport or permeation, have centred on the role of the integral membrane proteins, which function as receptors1. When the lipids have been discussed in this context, the speculations have centred on their influence on the proteins, by way of a ‘viscotropic’ effect2, induced by changes in ionic strength3 or temperature; that is, it has generally been implicitly assumed that the two lipid monolayers act independently of each other4. A detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the thermal behaviour of small single-walled vesicles composed of synthetic phosphatidylcholines has shown that this is indeed the case for these systems5. In this report, we present evidence that vesicles composed of another class of phospholipid, sphingomyelin, do exhibit coupling between the two monolayers, and thus could be involved in transmembrane communication in biological systems.
Opportunities for genomic clinical decision support interventions.

The development and availability of genomic applications for use in clinical care is accelerating rapidly. the routine use of genomic information, however, is beyond most health-care providers’ formal training, and the challenges of understanding and interpreting genomic data are compounded by the demands of clinical practice. nearly all physicians, for example, agree that genetic variations may influence drug response, but only a small fraction feel adequately informed about pharmacogenomic testing.1 Clinical decision support (CDS) embedded into clinical information systems, such as the electronic health record (EHR) and the personal health record (PHR), is recognized as being necessary to facilitate the appropriate use of genomic applications.2–4 CDS provides clinical knowledge and patient-specific information, filtered or presented at particular times to enhance clinical care.5 CDS solutions can assist clinical-care providers with personalizing care and can incorporate the preferences of health-care consumers. EHRs and PHRs theoretically may support access to and storage of genetic data. These systems may also support data exchange between repositories and enable CDS embedment and linkage. The use of EHRs and PHRs in this manner depends on characteristics of the underlying health information technology (IT) infrastructure. This article seeks to provide a common ground for discussing CDS for genetic testing and for data access processes among heterogeneous health IT infrastructures. There are many lessons learned from more than five decades of experience with CDS that can be applied to CDS implementation in the era of genomic data. Indeed, existing CDS technologies already play a role in supporting genetic testing and data access processes. In the following sections, we provide an overview of existing frameworks for local evaluation of health IT infrastructures for CDS, processes for genetic testing and data access, and the rationale behind the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network’s6 work on establishing a common ground for discussing CDS solutions among heterogeneous IT infrastructures. We also provide examples from eMERGE to illustrate that we can characterize genomic CDS using frameworks from the pregenomic CDS era, and outline lessons learned from implementing pregenomic CDS that can account for variation in health IT infrastructure. Finally, we propose a framework to describe opportunities for genomic CDS that can support provider- and consumer-initiated genetic testing and data access processes. The work in this article is complementary to that of the Clinical Sequence Exploratory Research Electronic Records Working Group, also in this special issue.7 The Working Group’s manuscript surveys the six current Clinical Sequence Exploratory Research sites on the processes used for variant annotation, curation, report generation, and integration into the EHR, in order to determine commonalities, determine gaps, and to suggest future directions. This article takes a more top–down approach to system desiderata.
How Behavioral Stress Disrupts the Endocrine Control of Reproduction in Domestic Animals

Behavioral stress can prevent animals from achieving normal reproductive success. Stressors associated with intensive livestock management may be responsible for reduced reproductive efficiency. However, before appropriate management decisions can be made to alleviate the effects of behavioral stress on reproduction, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms by which stress disrupts normal reproduction. The neuroendocrine regulation of follicular development and ovulation requires a complex and delicate interplay between the pituitary gonadotropins and the feedback actions of the major follicular steroid, estradiol. Because of this complexity, the regulation of the follicular stage of the estrous cycle and ovulation is especially vulnerable to the effects of stress. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms by which stress disrupts reproduction are not fully understood, the stress-induced secretion of adrenal glucocorticoids seems to be of special significance because these steroids can effect both the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins. Of additional importance may be the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropin on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
Recent Studies of Serpentinite Occurrences in the Oceans: Mantle-Ocean Interactions in the Plate Tectonic Cycle

Abstract Serpentinite occurrences in the oceans are primarily associated with major fault structures. The serpentinization of peridotites can occur on regional scales as continental rifts open and new ocean basins form. The process of seawater incursion deep into faulted oceanic crust at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges during periodic amagmatic phases produces bands of serpentinized peridotite tens of kilometers long. Emplacement of these rift-related serpentinites is primarily by vertical tectonism and not diapirism as originally supposed. Serpentinite may form at the ends of mid-ocean rift segments as a consequence of low-angle faulting that results in unroofing of the peridotite protoliths, much as metamorphic core complexes are exposed in continental extensional environments. Deep faults along transforms, the tips of propagating ridges (Hess Deep), or other extensional features such as Kings Trough permit seawater to penetrate the crust and upper mantle to form serpentinite masses. The serpentinites of convergent margins can form simply by seawater interaction with fault-exposed peridotites deep on the inner slope of the trench or in high-relief fault traces within the overriding plate. Some, however, differ fundamentally from those of ocean-continent transition regions and mid-ocean ridges by having formed as a consequence of the interaction of peridotites with fluids of slab origin. The process of serpentine mud volcanism in supra-subduction zone environments is a relatively newly recognized mechanism for the formation of large volumes of chaotic deposits of melange-like serpentinite masses. These may be the origin of some of the world's most complex and voluminous serpentinite terranes of former convergent margins. They occur world-wide and may be recognized by careful analysis of the sheared and unconsolidated matrix serpentines and the variously metamorphosed ultramafic and mafic clasts entrained within the mud flows.