cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mistakes in Medicine

This chapter focuses upon mistakes as they occur in medicine. Mistakes are often not systematically discussed as part of medical education, and in his vignette Dr. Vannatta describes the powerful systematic account of medical mistakes set forth by Dr. David Hilfiker in his book Healing the Wounds. The chapter goes on to present the social pressures that lead to mistakes in a chapter from Gustav Flaubert’s Madame Bovary and a terrible account of brain surgery in Dr. Dannie Abse’s poem “In the Theatre.” Mistakes, more than many other aspects of biomedicine, call for narrative accounting, and the everyday and literary narratives of this chapter allow people to comprehend mistakes in medicine in systematic ways.
External validation of a prognostic model for mortality among patients with non–small-cell lung cancer using the Veterans Precision Oncology Data Commons

Abstract Background: There is wide interest in developing prognostic models in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Models developed at other healthcare institutions may not be directly applicable for patients treated at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). External validation of a candidate prognostic model among VA patients would be crucial before it can be implemented to aid clinical decision-making. Methods: A prognostic model for mortality developed in the Military Health System (MHS) was applied to data from the VA Precision Oncology Data Repository (VA-PODR), which is available to researchers inside and outside the VA at the Veterans Precision Oncology Data Commons (VPODC). Measures of discrimination and calibration were calculated for the MHS model. The MHS model was also refitted in VA-PODR data using the same risk factors to compare the effect of specific factors and predictive performance when the model is developed using VA data. Results: Time-dependent AUC of the MHS prognostic model was 0.788, 0.806, 0.780, and 0.779 for predicting survival at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years following diagnosis, respectively. Significant discrepancies were found between predicted and observed rates of survival, particularly for later years. When the model is refit in VA-PODR data, it achieved cross-validated AUCs of 0.739, 0.773, 0.769, and 0.807 at the same time points, and discrepancies between predicted and observed survival were reduced. Conclusions: Validation of the MHS prognostic model in VA-PODR demonstrates that its discrimination remains strong when applied to VA patients. Nevertheless, further calibration to VA data may be needed to improve its risk estimation performance. This study highlights the utility of VA-PODR and the VPODC as a national resource for developing analytic tools that are well adapted to the Veteran population.
Individualized dialysate sodium prescriptions using sodium gradients for high-risk hemodialysis patients lowered interdialytic weight gain and achieved target weights.

Introduction Large interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. Over 50% of patients at our inner city tertiary academic center dialysis unit had IDWG and target weights (TW) above goal. We conducted an open-label nonrandomized study to explore the effects of an individualized dialysate sodium (DNa) prescription using Na gradients in patients at high risk for large IDWG. Thirty-three patients receiving chronic hemodialysis received individualized DNa prescriptions with a DNa bath of 0 to -2 meq/L below their serum Na level in the intervention group, while patients in the control group were prescribed the standard dialysate Na at 138 mmol/L. Serum Na level, predialysis SBP, symptomatic hypotensive episodes, and %hemodialysis treatments with large IDWG (%TxAIDWG) and above TW(%TxATW) were recorded before and three months after the intervention. We used student t tests to compare continuous variables and Chi-square tests to compare binary variables between the groups at baseline and after the intervention. Age- and sex-adjusted linear regression models were also constructed to assess the differences in each continuous outcome between the groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted by modeling IDWG decrease and above estimated-dry-weight (EDW) decrease as binary dependent variables with adjustment for age, sex, and EDW change. Findings Patients with individualized DNa concentrations had 3.6 times greater odds of having lower IDWG than those with standard dialysate Na concentration. This significant association remained after adjustment for age, sex, and changes in EDW (OR: 3.63; 95% CI, 1.03-12.9). There was no difference in predialysis BP or symptomatic hypotensive episodes between the two groups. Discussion Individualized DNa prescriptions appeared to be well tolerated and may be effective for optimal fluid management in high-risk hemodialysis patients.
Impact of Race and Location of Residence on Statin Treatment Among Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Rural residence and ethnic-minority status are individually associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Statin therapy is known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Although ethnic disparities in statin treatment exist, the joint impact of urban/rural residence and race/ethnicity on statin prescribing is unclear. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid data were used to perform a longitudinal study of Veterans with Type 2 diabetes mellitus from 2007 to 2016. Mixed effects logistic regression with a random intercept was used to model the longitudinal association between the primary exposure (race/ethnicity and residence) and statin prescribing. After adjusting for covariates, non-Hispanic White (NHW)-Rural Veterans were 7% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 1.08), non-Hispanic Black (NHB)-Rural Veterans were 4% (OR 1.04; CI 1.00 to 1.08), and Hispanic-Urban Veterans were 20% (OR 1.20; CI 1.17 to 1.23) more likely to be prescribed statins versus NHW-Urban Veterans; whereas, NHB-Urban Veterans were 14% (OR 0.86; CI 0.85 to 0.55) and Hispanic-Rural Veterans were 10% (OR 0.90; CI 0.85 to 0.96) less likely. When disability and dual use were removed from the full model, compared with NHW-Urban, the odds of statin prescribing in NHW-Rural Veterans remained unchanged (OR 1.06; CI 1.04 to 1.07) whereas the odds of statin prescribing in all other groups were higher. In conclusion, NHB-Urban and Hispanic-Rural Veterans had lower odds of statin prescribing versus NHW-Urban Veterans; whereas NHW-Rural, NHB-Rural and Hispanic-Urban Veterans had higher odds. The findings in ethnic-minorities changed when we accounted for markers of VHA care (i.e., disability, dual use) showing that these individuals are more likely to receive statins when they receive more VHA care.
Spatial and temporal segregation of yellow perch in southern Lake Michigan

Historically, yellow perch, Perca flavescens Mitchill held great recreational and commercial importance to the Lake Michigan fishery. Unfortunately, fluctuations in lake‐wide abundances in the past four decades created inconsistencies in catch. As adults, yellow perch have been commonly observed to swim great distances suggesting there is likely to be partitioning of the population within the lake. The objective was to determine whether population demographics of yellow perch in the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan were consistent with a single population. Seasonal population demographics of yellow perch collected from the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan in 2009, 2011 and 2012 were compared. Catch‐per‐unit‐effort of female yellow perch increased during later sampling periods across years. Similarly, total length of females and males increased 10% throughout the year. The proportion of females increased from 20% at the beginning of the survey period to 95% at the end. A few larval yellow perch were collected. These data suggest that Indiana waters of Lake Michigan are not a primary spawning area, rather these waters serve as a feeding or recovery area for post‐spawned yellow perch, particularly females.
Corticotropin-releasing factor and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

Corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF)is one neuroendocrine peptide which is closely related with the stress.It has been proved that any stress can lead to the person and animal's blood CRF level increasing,and high-level CRF urges the hypothalamic neuron calcium ion inflow.Newborn pediatricians pay more attention to whether blood CRF level can act as one director of assessing severity of newborn hypoxic-schemic brain damage.This article reviews the CRF and it's acceptors,CRF secretion,CRF physiological action and it's adjustment,and hypoxia-ischemia stress and CRF,in order to provide the theory basis for reviewing the severity of hypoxic-schemic brain damage in neonates. Key words: Corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF); Hypoxia; Hypoxia-ischemia brain damage; Infant,newborn
Space-wave function duality and enhanced dKdV on a Riemann surface

For certain situations relations are indicated between the space-wave function duality of Faraggi-Matone, enhanced dispersionless KdV, and Whitham dynamics for appropriate hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces related to Seiberg-Witten theory. This paper gives refinements of hep-th/9702138 and some new ideas.
Factors associated with colorectal cancer screening in a peer-counseling intervention study in partnership with African American churches.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality is 47% higher in African American men and 34% higher in African American women compared to non-Hispanic white men and women. This analysis assessed factors associated with CRC screening among 163 African American participants of a peer-counseling intervention study (2016-2018). In a one-group pre/post-test pilot study, trained Community Health Advisors (CHAs) at 9 African American churches in Los Angeles (LA) promoted CRC screening via one-on-one counseling, print materials and telephone reminder calls. Participants completed telephone surveys 3-6 months after the intervention. We fit bivariate and multivariate mixed effects logistic regression models to assess correlates, including participants' demographic characteristics, access to care, cancer-related knowledge and attitudes and receipt of CHA counseling of (1) discussion of CRC screening with provider and (2) receipt of CRC screening during follow-up. After controlling for gender and education, receipt of CHA counseling (OR 3.77) was significantly associated with discussing CRC screening with a provider during follow-up but not with CRC screening. Instead, a routine check-up in the past 12 months (OR 4.47) and discussion of CRC screening with a provider (OR 3.07) were significantly associated with CRC screening during follow-up. Residence in South LA (OR 0.38) was significantly associated with lack of CRC screening. Findings confirm the important role of health care providers and suggest that residence in South LA constitutes an additional barrier to CRC screening. Further research and additional resources are needed to address disparities in the uptake of CRC screening among African Americans, especially in South LA.
A Large-Scale Multimodal CMOS Biosensor Array With 131,072 Pixels and Code-Division Multiplexed Readout

This letter presents a large-scale fully integrated multimodal sensor array for biological imaging. The $512\times 256$ sensor array can perform spatially resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with switching frequencies up to 100 MHz, acquire multicolor optical images, and sense pH using titanium nitride (TiN) ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs). The chip features code-division multiplexed (CDM) readout of groups of pixels simultaneously, enabling extended integration times at a given frame rate. The system is implemented in 180-nm CMOS with 9.5 $\mu \text{m}\,\,\times11.5\,\,\mu \text{m}$ pixels. Its overall fill factor is 57%, including peripheral control and readout circuits, yielding a wide-field spatially resolved multimodal biosensing platform for advanced cell culture applications.
Planning for Wildfire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: A Guide for Western Communities

This article proposes a four-step framework for western communities to use in planning for wildfires in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). The cyclical planning framework is centered on the inter-agency Cohesive Strategy for wildfire, the first major effort to coordinate federal and state agency wildfire fighting with local government land use growth planning. The framework illustrates how federal plans focused on communities, such as the Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP), can provide the basis for local governments' efforts to regulative and incentivize wildfire planning from the community to the building scales; implement those regulations and incentives; and reevaluate the viability of those local plans as a substantial change or the passage of time require. The framework emphasizes a cyclical planning process and constant evaluation of wildfire planning tools' viability at the local level and as integrated into federal and state wildfire priorities.
Eristic Combat at Euthydemus 285e–286b

M.M. McCabe argues that in Plato’s Euthydemus, Dionysodorus and Euthydemus hold a view she calls ‘chopped logos’. Chopped logos implies that nothing said is false, or opposed to any other statement...
In vitro tau aggregation inducer molecules influence the effects of MAPT mutations on aggregation dynamics

Alzheimer9s disease (AD) and Alzheimer9s disease related dementias (ADRDs) affect 6 million Americans and they are projected to have an estimated health care cost of $355 billion for 2021. A histopathological hallmark of AD and many ADRDs is the aberrant intracellular accumulation of the microtubule associated protein tau. These neurodegenerative disorders that contain tau aggregates are collectively known as tauopathies and recent structural studies have shown that different tauopathies are characterized by different "strains" of tau filaments. In addition, mutations in the gene that encodes for tau protein expression have been associated with a group of tauopathies known as frontotemporal dementias with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17 or familial frontotemporal dementia). In vitro studies often use small molecules to induce tau aggregation as tau is extremely soluble and does not spontaneously aggregate in typical lab conditions and the use of authentic filaments to conduct in vitro studies is not feasible. This study highlights how different inducer molecules can have fundamental disparities to how disease related mutations effect the aggregation dynamics of tau. Using three different classes of tau aggregation inducer molecules we characterized disease relevant mutations in tau9s PGGG motifs at positions P301S, P332S, and P364S. When comparing these mutations to wild type tau, we found that depending on the type of inducer molecule used we saw fundamental differences in total aggregation, aggregation kinetics, immunoreactivity, and filament morphology. These data support the hypothesis that different tau aggregation inducer molecules make different polymorphs and perhaps structurally distinct strains.
Regeneration of the Tympanic Membrane

The objective of this study is to establish a tissue-engineering therapy for the treatment of large tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) without the need for conventional surgical therapy; 63 chronic TMPs were randomly selected from outpatients; 53 chronic TMPs were randomly assigned to the b-FGF group; and the remaining 10 chronic TMPs to the control group. Materials used for the TM repair were gelatin sponge and fibrin glue with/without b-FGF. After creating a mechanical disruption of the edge of the TMP, a gelatin sponge was immersed in b-FGF or saline (for the control group) and placed over the perforation. Fibrin glue was dripped over the sponge as a sealant. The effectiveness of this therapy was evaluated by closure rates, hearing level and sequelae 3 weeks after treatment. The treatment was repeated up to 4 times for cases in which complete closure of the TMP was not achieved after one round of treatment.
1.8 Mbit/mm 2 ternary-CAM macro with 484 ps search access time in 16 nm Fin-FET bulk CMOS technology

A new bit-cell (BC) layout for ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) is developed in a 16 nm Fin-FET process. The proposed BC is 15.8% smaller than the conventional BC. We design a 10kb TCAM macro which achieves the highest density of 1.8 Mbit/mm2. Measurement shows that total active power in our proposed macro is 8% less than that in the conventional one. A 484 ps of search access time is observed at 0.8 V, which marks the world fastest operation cycle of 1.25 G search per second at this time.
Allosteric Regulation by Membrane‐binding Domains

Originally published in: Protein-Lipid Interactions. Edited by Lukas K. Tamm. Copyright © 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-31151-4 The sections in this article are Introduction How Membranes and PH Domains Regulate Rho Family-specific Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) DH and PH Domain Rho GEFs Regulation of GEF Activity by PH Domains Regulation of G-protein Receptor Kinase (GRK) 2 Activity by Lipids and the Gβγ Subunit at the Membrane Lipid Activation of Rac-GAP Activity: β2-Chimaerin The C1 Domain of β2-Chimaerin is Buried Mechanism of Allosteric Rac-GTPase Activation by the C1 Domain Acknowledgment Keywords: structural mechanisms of allosteric regulation by membrane-binding domains; Rho family-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs); DH and PH domain Rho GEFs; β2-chimaerin
The structural basis for substrate versatility of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CATI

Novel antibiotics are needed to overcome the challenge of continually evolving bacterial resistance. This has led to a renewed interest in mechanistic studies of once popular antibiotics like chloramphenicol (CAM). Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases (CATs) are enzymes that covalently modify CAM, rendering it inactive against its target, the ribosome, and thereby causing resistance to CAM. Of the three major types of CAT (CATI-III), the CAM-specific CATIII has been studied extensively. Much less is known about another clinically important type, CATI. In addition to inactivating CAM and unlike CATIII, CATI confers resistance to a structurally distinct antibiotic, fusidic acid. The origin of the broader substrate specificity of CATI has not been fully elucidated. To understand the substrate binding features of CATI, its crystal structures in the unbound (apo) and CAM-bound forms were determined. The analysis of these and previously determined CATI-FA and CATIII-CAM structures revealed interactions responsible for CATI binding to its substrates and clarified the broader substrate preference of CATI compared to that of CATIII.
Supporting large scale applications on networks of workstations

The extension of the ISIS distributed programming system to support large-scale distributed applications by providing hierarchical process groups is discussed. The present version of ISIS is limited to relatively small-scale applications, containing fewer than 50 workstations. The principal idea is to incorporate hierarchy in the program structure and exploit this to limit the communication and storage required in any one component of the distributed program. This approach seeks to maintain the advantages of virtual synchrony, while controlling those costs that grow as the size of a distributed application increases. >
Distribution and variability of resistiveindex values in undilated kidneys in children

Abstract Objectives. To assess better the utility of duplex Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of obstructive hydronephrosis in children, we specifically studied undilated urinary tracts with the intention of establishing a nomogram of resistive index (RI) values and determining if the RI value of 0.7 reliably precludes an undilated collecting system. Methods. Renal duplex Doppler ultrasound was performed in a standard fashion on 47 children more than 12 months of age (93 renal units) where there was no suspicion of upper urinary tract dilation. RI and RI ratio (RIR) were calculated and statistical analysis performed. Results. There were 27 males and 20 females 12 to 180 months old (mean, 63.9 months). Kidney size ranged from 5.0 to 9.8 cm (mean, 7.28 cm), RI ranged from 0.34 to 0.94 (mean, 0.65), and RIR ranged from 1.00 to 1.76 (mean, 1.14). There was no statistically significant relationship between the RI and renal size or laterality, gender, or age (p > 0.05). However, between the ages of 24 and 108 months, the RI was significantly higher in females compared with males (p = 0.002). If one were to use 0.7 and 1.10 as discriminatory values for RI, 37% of renal units had values above 0.7, and 41 % of RIR values were above 1.10. Conclusions. We believe that RI values in undilated kidneys of children vary significantly and its routine use and reliability need to be evaluated further in the pediatric population.
Independent Regulation of Flowering by Phytochrome B and Gibberellins in Arabidopsis

Phytochromes and gibberellins (GAs) coordinately regulate multiple aspects of Arabidopsis development. Phytochrome B (PHYB) promotes seed germination by increasing GA biosynthesis, but inhibits hypocotyl elongation by decreasing the responsiveness to GAs. Later in the life cycle of the plant, PHYB and GAs have opposite effects on flowering. PHYB delays flowering, while GAs promote flowering, particularly under noninductive photoperiods. To learn how PHYB and GAs interact in the control of flowering, we have analyzed the effect of a phyB mutation on flowering time and on the expression of the floral meristem-identity gene LFY (LEAFY). We show that the early flowering caused by phyB correlated with an increase in LFY expression, which complements our previous finding that GAs are required for activation of LFY under noninductive photoperiods (M.A. Blazquez, R. Green, O. Nilsson, M.R. Sussman, D. Weigel [1998] Plant Cell 10: 791-800). Since phyB did not change the GA responsiveness of the LFY promoter and suppressed the lack of flowering of severe GA-deficient mutants under short days, we propose that PHYB modulates flowering time at least partially through a GA-independent pathway. Interestingly, the effects of PHYB on flowering do not seem to be mediated by transcriptional up-regulation of genes such as CO (CONSTANS) and FT (Flowering locus T), which are known to mediate the effects of the photoperiod-dependent floral-induction pathway.
Microscale LC-MS-NMR platform applied to the identification of active cyanobacterial metabolites.

An LC-MS-NMR platform is demonstrated, which combines two innovations in microscale analysis, nanoSplitter LC−MS and microdroplet NMR, for the identification of unknown compounds found at low concentrations in complex sample matrixes as frequently encountered in metabolomics or natural products discovery. The nanoSplitter provides the high sensitivity of nanoelectrospray MS while allowing 98% of the HPLC effluent from a large-bore LC column to be collected and concentrated for NMR. Microdroplet NMR is a droplet microfluidic NMR loading method providing severalfold higher sample efficiency than conventional flow injection methods. Performing NMR offline from LC-UV-MS accommodates the disparity between MS and NMR in their sample mass and time requirements, as well as allowing NMR spectra to be requested retrospectively, after review of the LC−MS data. Interpretable 1D NMR spectra were obtained from analytes at the 200-ng level, in 1 h/well automated NMR data acquisitions. The system also showed excellent in...
The heat capacity of Ni40Pd40P20 in the liquid, glass and crystallized states

The heat capacities of Ni40Pd40P20 alloy in its liquid, glass and crystallized states were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Measurements on the undercooled liquid ranged from the glass temperature, Tg ∼ 575–655 K and from 780 K to the liquidus temperature, T1 ∼ 892 K. The range 655–780 K was inaccessible to measurement because of the rapidity of crystallization, but the two sections of the heat capacity-temperature curve, Cp1(T) were joined smoothly by interpolation through this range. Cp1 increases with decreasing T, going through T1, with no discontinuity, to about 11 cal/deg g atom at Tg. As T decreases from Tg, Cp falls abruptly to a level almost coincident with that of the crystallized alloy. Near Tg. Cp1(T) exhibits a bump associated with relaxation effects. The heat of melting of the alloy was found to be 1.9 kcal/g atom at T1,. From this and ΔCp(T), Cp1-Cps, we calculate that the entropy of melting of the alloy at 610 K, ΔSm(610) = 0.97 cal/deg g atom = 0.41 ΔSm(T1). From measured densities we calculate that, at room temperature, the gram-atomic volume Va = 7.72 cm3/g atom, of the glassy alloy is 0.28% above that of the crystallized alloy and that Va agrees closely with the weighted average of the gram-atomic volumes of the pure metal constituents (Ni + Pd) in their crystalline forms.
Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Design: Exploring the Effect of the Anterior Lunge Degree of Freedom

As our robotics community advances its understanding toward the optimal design of robotic exoskeletons for human gait training, the question we ask in this paper is how the anterior lunge degree of freedom in the robotic exoskeleton affects human gait training. Answering this question requires both novel robotic design and novel protocols for human gait training to characterize this effect. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the effect of an exoskeleton's degrees of freedom on human gait adaptation. We explored this question using the Active Leg EXoskeleton (ALEX) II. The study presented was performed using ALEX II under the following two configurations: 1) locking the anterior/posterior translation in the exoskeleton, while allowing other degrees-of-freedom (labeled as locked mode) and 2) keeping the anterior/posterior degree of freedom unlocked (labeled as unlocked mode). Healthy subjects walked at self-selected speeds on a treadmill and were trained to walk with a new gait template, scaled down from their normal template. While both groups showed adaptation and retention over a 26-min period following training, the unlocked group showed better performance in terms of adaptation and retention compared with the locked group.
Analysis of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer or Fallopian Tube Carcinoma Retreated with Cisplatin after the Development of a Carboplatin Allergy

Abstract Objective. We report the outcome of seven patients treated for recurrent ovarian cancer with cisplatin after an allergic reaction to carboplatin. One case is presented in which a heavily pretreated patient suffered a severe anaphylactic reaction, which was refractory to standard resuscitative measures and resulted in her death. Methods. Six further patients who received cisplatin after documentation of an allergic reaction to carboplatin (CBDCA) for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer between 1993 and 2000 were identified from the MSKCC database. Electronic medical records were reviewed for relevant treatment and outcome data. Results. Five of six of these patients were successfully treated without further allergic reactions. One patient with platinum-refractory disease had an allergic reaction to carboplatin and subsequently to cisplatin. Conclusion. Few patients with a carboplatin allergy are subsequently treated with cisplatin at our center. One patient suffered a serious hypersensitivity reaction following retreatment and died. Based on this limited experience, cross allergy can exist although the true incidence is not known. Routine retreatment of carboplatin-allergic patients with cisplatin in the relapsed setting cannot be recommended without careful consideration of potential risks and benefits.
How lesioning the nucleus praeeminentialis affects electrolocation behavior in the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus

The ability to orient to and track moving electrolocation targets was assessed in normal Apteronotus leptorhynchus and in those with unilateral lesions of the nucleus praeeminentialis dorsalis. 1. Each fish was trained to hover between two vertical metal rods and track their movement. Two aspects of this behavior were measured: a) the hovering position of the fish relative to stationary rods; b) the latency between the onset of rod motion and the fish's tracking response. Control fish hovered midway between stationary rods, while lesioned fish hovered closer to the rod ipsilateral to the lesion. Response latency varied negatively with rod diameter in both sets of fish, and lesioned fish exhibited shorter latencies than control fish. While the response latencies of control fish were shortest when their starting position was midway between the rods, lesioned animals' latencies were shortest when they hovered closer to the rod ipsilateral to their lesion. 2. Control fish responded to the approach of a single metal ball to either side of the body with nearly equal latencies and fish-to-object distances. After lesioning, response latency increased and fish-to-object distance decreased for approaches to the side ipsilateral to the lesion; opposite changes occurred for contralateral approaches.
ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling by Cockayne Syndrome Protein B and NAP1-Like Histone Chaperones Is Required for Efficient Transcription-Coupled DNA Repair

The Cockayne syndrome complementation group B (CSB) protein is essential for transcription-coupled DNA repair, and mutations in CSB are associated with Cockayne syndrome—a devastating disease with complex clinical features, including the appearance of premature aging, sun sensitivity, and numerous neurological and developmental defects. CSB belongs to the SWI2/SNF2 ATP–dependent chromatin remodeler family, but the extent to which CSB remodels chromatin and whether this activity is utilized in DNA repair is unknown. Here, we show that CSB repositions nucleosomes in an ATP–dependent manner in vitro and that this activity is greatly enhanced by the NAP1-like histone chaperones, which we identify as new CSB–binding partners. By mapping functional domains and analyzing CSB derivatives, we demonstrate that chromatin remodeling by the combined activities of CSB and the NAP1-like chaperones is required for efficient transcription-coupled DNA repair. Moreover, we show that chromatin remodeling and repair protein recruitment mediated by CSB are separable activities. The collaboration that we observed between CSB and the NAP1-like histone chaperones adds a new dimension to our understanding of the ways in which ATP–dependent chromatin remodelers and histone chaperones can regulate chromatin structure. Taken together, the results of this study offer new insights into the functions of chromatin remodeling by CSB in transcription-coupled DNA repair as well as the underlying mechanisms of Cockayne syndrome.
The Impact of Applicant Disability on Evaluative Judgments in the Selection Process

The article presents a study which explored the impact of the disability of a job applicant on evaluative judgments in the selection process. A brief overview of the research problem and the method...
Measurements of polytropic index in the January 10–11, 1997 magnetic cloud observed by WIND

The polytropic index γ is a key parameter in the modeling of interplanetary magnetic clouds. In contrast to other models, the self-similar model of Osherovich et al [1993a] suggested γ < 1 in clouds. The first measurements [Osherovich et al, 1993b] showed that γ ≈ γe = 0.4 - 0.5 in magnetic clouds demonstrating the dominant role of electrons over protons (Te/Tp ≈ 6-7 at 1 AU). For the January 10-11, 1997 cloud observed by WIND, we found that the polytropric relation Te = FNeγe−1 is valid with γe = 0.52 ± 0.04 and F = 1.97 105 ± 0.12 105 (cgs units) over the number density range 1 < Ne < 10 cm−3. The constant F is half the value found for other clouds studied at 1 AU, while γe is essentially the same. We believe that the small value of F should be attributed to a later stage of the self-similar evolution of this cloud as compared to other clouds studied previously at 1 AU.
The mathematical miscellany (1836–1839)

Abstract Charles Gill (1805–1855), who immigrated to the United States from England in 1830, began to edit The Mathematical Miscellany (1836–1839) while teaching on Long Island (New York, U.S.A.). Most of America's best mathematicians of the day were contributors, including Benjamin Peirce, Theodore Strong, and William Lenhart. The contents of the journal and the correspondence between Gill and its contributors, as well as the journal's troubles, give insights into American mathematics in the middle of the 19th century.
Characterization of Radon Decay Products in a Domestic Environment

Field measurements of the concentration and activity size distribution of radon decay products were conducted in a one-story house located in the Princeton, NJ area. Radon concentration and particle number concentration were also measured. The concentration and activity-weighted size distribution of radon decay products were determined using a microcomputer-controlled, semi-continuous screen diffusion battery system with 6 parallel sampler/detector units. A condensation nuclei counter was used for the measurements of indoor panicle number concentration. Several measurements were made in the living room as well as more than one hundred measurements in the master bedroom of the Princeton house. Aerosols were generated from taking a shower, burning a candle, smoldering a cigarette, vacuuming, and cooking. Therefore, the influence of various indoor panicle sources on the behavior of radon decay products was investigated. With panicles generated from typical household activities, Potential Alpha Energy Concentration (PAEC) increases and the unattached fraction decreases. Larger panicles generated from cigarette smoke and cooking dramatically shifted most of the radon decay products into the attached mode (15-500 nm). With regard to the higher attachment rate, the size distributions of radon decay products remained stable for long periods of time after particle generation. On the other hand, aerosols produced from candle burning and vacuuming were much smaller, with an average attachment diameter of 15 nm. These panicles did decrease the unattached fraction, especially during the aerosol generation period. However, the size distributions of radon decay products returned to the background condition within ISO minutes after the end of particle generation. In these cases, the panicles had a higher deposition rate and a lower attachment rate. The dose of alpha radiation per unit radon concentration resulting from each of these aerosol conditions was calculated using the measured activity size distributions and the most recent James dosimetric model. These doses to basal cells at a breathing rate of 0.45 m3 hr1 ranged from 3 to 14 μGy Bq−1 hr while the dose to secretory cells at a breathing rate of 1.5 m3 hr1 ranged from 13 to 77 μGy Bq−1 hr for the various aerosol conditions.
Abstract 5337: Laminin alpha 2 enables glioblastoma stem cell growth

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Glioblastomas (GBMs) are lethal cancers that display a cellular hierarchy parallel to the normal brain and are resistant to conventional therapies. It has been suggested that interaction between GSCs and their adjacent perivascular niche plays the critical roles to maintain their malignancy and self-renewal. Extracellular matrix (ECM) cues instruct stem cell behavior in many niches and the objective of our study was to elucidate its composition and contribution to GSC maintenance in the perivascular niche. We utilized human tumor tissue for immunofluorescence analysis and derived GSC for subsequent functional studies from tumor tissues. We find that laminin family of ECM proteins are located in the perivascular GBM niche and are negative prognostic indicators of patient survival. To identify the source of laminins, we characterized cellular elements within the niche and found that key laminins were expressed by non-stem tumor cells and tumor-derived endothelial cells (ECs). Targeting the laminin alpha 2 chain by RNA interference inhibited GSC growth and self-renewal. In co-culture studies of GSCs and non-stem tumor cells, laminin alpha 2 knockdown in non-stem tumor cells resulted in decreased GSC growth. These findings indicate that growth/proliferation of GSCs depends on the direct connection between extrinsic laminin alpha 2 and environmental matrix. Our studies highlight the contribution of non-stem tumor cell-derived laminin juxtracrine signaling. As laminin alpha 2 has recently been identified as a molecular marker of aggressive ependymoma, we propose that the brain vascular ECM promotes tumor malignancy through maintenance of the GSC compartment providing not only a molecular fingerprint but also a possible therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5337. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5337
Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystalline Polymers

Abstract The synthesis of side-chain liquid crystalline polysiloxanes, copolysiloxanes and of tetracyclosiloxanes containing chiral mesogenic side groups, i.e, trans- 2[p-(l-undecanyl-ll-oxy)phenyl]-5-[(p-2(S)- methyl-1-butoxy)pheny1]-1,3-dioxane, trans- 2-[p-(2(S)-methyl-1-butoxy)phenyl]-5-(11- undecalenyl)-1,3-dioxane and 2-[4-(2(S)- methyl-butoxy)-phenyl]-5-(w-alkl)-l,3,2- dioxaborlnane with alkyl being undecanyl, octyl, and hexyl is discussed. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal optical polarization microscopy revealed chiral smectic mesomorphism for polymers containing eleven methylene units in the flexible spacer. The polymers containing undecanyl spacers present a chiral smectic C mesophase. The polysiloxanes with hexyl spacers exhibit a chiral nematic mesophase.
The use of computer techniques in emission and atomic absorption flame photometry

Abstract The utilization of flame methods, especially in atomic absorption work, can be enhanced by the application of computer techniques for rapid and accurate reduc tion of experimental data. Modern computational techniques are described for the analysis of large numbers of solutions; their inherent advantages in time saving and reduction of calculating errors are discussed. Several typical problems have been automated and are explained in some detail; pertinent descriptions of the computer program and the resulting output from sample calculations are included.
Putting France in the Chandlerian Framework: France's 100 Largest Industrial Firms in 1913

This article presents a new list of France's 100 largest publicly-held manufacturing firms in 1913 and compares them to the 100 largest American, British, and German firms identified by Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., in Scale and Scope. The largest French firms clustered in the same industries as the largest firms in the other countries. They were much smaller than their American counterparts, but in some industries they compared favorably with their German counterparts in size. More importantly, many of the largest French firms were behaving like the leading industrial firms elsewhere, developing cutting-edge technology, investing in state-of-theart production facilities, and putting professional managers in charge of operations. In contrast to the notion that France was a follower in the Second Industrial Revolution and eschewed the trend toward managerial enterprise in the early twentieth century, this article presents a picture of considerable dynamism, with France's leading industrial firms laying the organizational foundations from 1900 to 1930 for the managerial capitalism that would flourish in France in the post-Second World War era.
Large eddy simulation of a partially-premixed gas turbine model combustor

Abstract Large-eddy simulations of a dual-swirl gas turbine model combustor (GTMC) are performed. This burner was experimentally studied by Meier et al. (2006), and is operated in the partially-premixed combustion regime. Two different LES-combustion formulations are employed to separately investigate modeling strategies for representing the combustion regime and the turbulence/chemistry interaction. A prior model analysis is conducted to examine the accuracy of describing the turbulent combustion regime inside this burner in terms of premixed or non-premixed flamelet solutions. Modeling results from three different LES computations are compared with measurements for velocity, temperature, and species-mass fractions of CO2, CO, and H2. Overall, the simulation results, obtained with a flamelet/progress-variable (FPV) model and a premixed-based filtered tabulated chemistry LES (F-TACLES) formulation, are in good agreement with experimental data. It is shown that the flow-field structure exhibits sensitivity to the representation of the turbulence/chemistry interaction. This is a result of the flame wrinkling at the lifted flame base in the nozzle-near region.
Classed Out: The Challenges of Social Class in Black Community Change

The growth in the black middle class since the Civil Rights movement has spawned an interest in the relationships between the black middle class and the black poor. Scholars are interested in understanding how social and cultural capital among the black middle class both ameliorate and/or sustain the conditions of the black working poor. While this literature provides us with an understanding about the role of social and cultural capital in the lives of poor and middle class blacks, it says little about how ideology functions in intra-racial, multiclass coalitions. Through materialist and culturalist frames of community problems confronting the black working poor, I argue that culturalist frames of community problems fail to address black working class issues. Drawing on a case study of a community's effort to use Afrocentric ideology to improve an urban school, I demonstrate how black middle class community members misdiagnosed the problem at the school through culturalist framing. Findings indicate that social class plays a significant role in how problems are defined, interpreted and addressed.
An Ellipsoidal Particle-Finite Element Method for Hypervelocity Impact Simulation

A number of coupled particle-element and hybrid particle-element methods have been developed for the simulation of hypervelocity impact problems, to avoid certain disadvantages associated with the use of pure continuum based or pure particle based methods. To date these methods have employed spherical particles. In recent work a hybrid formulation has been extended to the ellipsoidal particle case. A model formulation approach based on Lagrange's equations, with particles entropies serving as generalized coordinates, avoids the angular momentum conservation problems which have been reported with ellipsoidal smooth particle hydrodynamics models.
Replacing a technology: The large space telescope and CCDs

The Hubble Space Telescope is due to be launched in 1986. It is certainly the chief space astronomy initiative of the 1980s, perhaps of the late twentieth century. It is to carry six scientific instruments, and in this paper we investigate the debate on the choice of detectors for what was seen as the chief instrument during the project definition phase, the so-called wide-field camera. In the end CCDs were selected, despite the fact that this decision had to be made a mere seven years after the concept on which they are based was published. We argue that this rapid development of CCDs as astronomical detectors was due to a strong mix of "market pull" and "invention push" together with the very active interest of one group within the astronomical community, planetary scientists.
Student Characteristics Affecting the Decision to Enroll in a Community College: Economic Rationale and Empirical Evidence

This study employed a probit model to examine determinants of U.S. college students' choice of attendance at two-year community colleges compared to a four-year college. The empirical work was based on the latest National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97). The set of explanatory variables included academic performance, students' involvement in work outside of school, family characteristics, and demographic variables. The marginal effects indicate that students choosing to go to a community college compared to a four-year college are more likely to work longer hours when in college, have lower academic performance, and come from lower income family background.
The effect of the pea crab,Pinnotheres maculatus Say, on growth of the bay scallop,Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say)

Bay scallops containing adult female pea crabs are slightly smaller than noninfected scallops. Infected scallops tend to weigh less than noninfected of the same size. The growth of 3 size groups of infected and noninfected scallops was measured over a 3 month period and infected scallops grew less than noninfected.
Comparison of Giant Cutgrass Productivity in Tidal and Impounded Marshes with Special Reference to Tidal Subsidy and Waste Assimilation

Aboveground live standing crop of giant cutgrass (Zizaniopsis miliacea) populations in similar freshwater tidal and impounded nontidal marshes were almost identical (peaking at 1,039 g per m2 in each). The mortality, however, was greater in the tidal marsh resulting in significantly (95% level) greater annual production of aboveground cutgrass in the tidal (1,530±103 g per m2 per yr) than the impounded (1,172±88 g per m2 per yr) marsh, a 31% difference which we consider to be a measure of tidal subsidy. Belowground production also was found to average higher in the tidal marsh, but estimates were not as satisfactory as the aboveground results due to sampling difficulties. Combined annual above and belowground net production comes to an estimated 2,048 ±101 g per m2 per yr for the tidal and 1,481±219 for the impounded cutgrass marsh. The potential of freshwater tidal marshes for tertiary treatment of wastes is briefly discussed.
A Note On the Estimation of Capitalization

Several authors have applied the hedonic model using before-after data to estimate the willingness to pay for a change in public expenditure or amenity This article shows that attempts to interpret the results of such estimation as a measure of willingness to pay for a local amenity or public expenditure in this case are flawed. The implicit basis for such estimation is a single-jurisdiction partial equilibrium model, whereas the underlying Tiebout model is multijurisdictional and general equilibrium. It is argued that the results of such estimations incorporate biases, the direction and magnitude of which cannot be predicted. If service-tax packages are exogenous, then the hedonic model using before-after data will likely provide incorrect estimates of the willingness to pay.
A novel method for prediction of mobile robot maneuvering spaces

Abstract As the operational uses of mobile robots continue to expand, it becomes useful to be able to predict the admissible maneuvering space to prevent the robot from executing unsafe maneuvers. A novel method is proposed to address this need by using force–moment diagrams to characterize the robot’s maneuvering space in terms of path curvature and curvature rate. Using the proposed superposition techniques, these diagrams can then be transformed in real-time to provide a representation of the permissible maneuvering space while allowing for changes in the robot’s loading and terrain conditions. Simulation results indicate that the technique can be applied to determine the appropriate maneuvering space for a given set of loading conditions, longitudinal acceleration, and tire–ground coefficient of friction. This may lead to potential expansion in the ability to integrate predictive vehicle dynamics into autonomous controllers for mobile robots and a corresponding potential to safely increase operating speeds.