cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1712: Transmembrane domain required for MCL1 function.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC MCL1 is an anti-apoptotic family member of the BCL2 family of proteins that exerts its anti-apoptotic function at least in large measure by sequestering BH3 domain containing pro-apoptotic proteins within the outer mitochondrial membrane. Several lines of evidence point to MCL1 as an important oncology target. MCL1 is among the top 10 most frequently amplified genes in human cancer. Consistent with its frequent amplification, MCL1 is highly expressed in many tumor types, and high expression levels of MCL1 contribute to tumor development and resistance to chemotherapy. MCL1 is required for survival of a sub-group of tumor cells that are characterized by low levels of expression of another anti-apoptotic BCL2 family protein, BCL-xL. Despite the important role of MCL1 in cancer, no inhibitors of MCL1 have reached the clinic. We employed mutagenesis to further explore the anti-apoptotic mechanism of MCL1. Deletion of the N-terminus portion of MCL1, including the PEST domain, did not significantly affect its anti-apoptotic function. However, deletion of the transmembrane (TM) domain of MCL1 abolished the anti-apoptotic function of MCL1. Furthermore, an MCL1 point mutation within the TM domain impaired its anti-apoptotic function, however, it could still bind to the pro-apoptotic proteins BIM and BAK. Therefore, the TM domain may represent an alternative site for pharmaceutical targeting of MCL1. Citation Format: Guo Wei, Xiaohua Wu, Todd R. Golub. Transmembrane domain required for MCL1 function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1712. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1712
American Historians and Tocqueville's Democracy

A LEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE'S Democracy in America occupies a rather special position in American historiography. As a classic commentary on America and American democracy, it has been ransacked for quotations which serve as corroboration or scaffolding for additional similar commentaries. Now that his notes on his American visit have been translated and published, at least in part, they are similarly ransacked. The prognostic character of Tocqueville's thought has tempted others to deal with it as one would with the writings of Nostradamus, and usually with equally ambiguous results. Tocqueville's work is almost certain to appear in any bibliography of the Jacksonian period, often with an annotative reference to its indispensability as a source for, or interpretation of, the age of triumphant egalitarianism in America.' The Democracy is not a simple work and not an easy one for historians to utilize. It does not easily fit into historians' traditional categories of source materials. It is not, for most purposes, a primary source, but not, strictly speaking, a secondary source either. Tocqueville's notebooks offer no more securely "primary" material than does the Democracy; the notebooks, with their queries, unexplained repetitions, and implausibly detailed renditions of lengthy conversations, may very well give increased depth to the
Assessment on the objective of IDD elimination in Shaoguan

Objective Evaluate the effectiveness of elimination on iodine deficiency. Methods The assessment was conducted based on the 《Evaluation scheme of achieving the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency at county level》. The urine iodine, rate of thyroid enlargement and utilization ration of qualified iodized salt were spot-checked for the 8～10 year old students. Data assessment was based on the 《Scoring cards of miscellaneous indicators assessment》, including consulting organization and leadership, iodized salt management, survey and prevention, and health education. Results The median of urine iodine of 8～10 year old students was 204.74 μg / L, the proportion of less than 50 μg / L was 4.70%, the revised thyroid enlargement rate was 3.4%, the iodine cover rate was 99.83%, the utilization ration of qualified iodized salt was 98.87%. Assessment on the condition of health education was done through questionnaire among 1 604 students of Grade 5, and the understanding rate was 92.16% . The overall score of management and technology index was 95.43. Conclusion The effectiveness of prevention and cure on iodine deficiency was consolidated in Shaoguan, and it had achieved the goal of elimination on iodine deficiency as scheduled.
Preface to the Special Issue of Vadose Zone Journal on Soil as Complex Systems

This special issue of the Vadose Zone Journal entitled “Soil as Complex Systems” is a product of the first Complex Soil Systems Conference, “A Path to Improved Understanding of Complex Soil Systems,” ( , accessed 22 Jan. 2016)
External Reviews within the Context of the Library Faculty Promotion and Tenure Process

External reviews are part of the promotion and tenure process for faculty at many institutions of higher education. The authors examined external review writing within the academic library faculty promotion and tenure process by surveying 1849 librarians at 166 libraries. Librarians were asked to respond to quantitative and qualitative survey questions on several aspects of the external review process: participation in the process, qualifying as an external reviewer, the writing process, and demographics. The authors received 379 responses. Survey results provide information from the perspective of librarians who write external reviews, and show similarities with external reviewers in other disciplines.
Run! Spot. Run!: vocabulary development and the evolution of STEM disciplinary language for secondary teachers

The purpose of the study was to explore the development of discourses that emerge as a result of inservice teachers being engaged in a richly situated technological task that incorporated geometric spatial sense development and the engineering design processes. Typically, learning has been approached as a discrete set of tasks to be mastered without regard for how expressed language within context develops. Secondary teachers (N = 26) who attended a week-long residential professional development program at a land grant university learned to use Google Sketch-Up® to design 3-dimensional (3-D) objects that were created using 3-D printers. Data were collected during an aural spatial visualization test that required language be used to describe 3-D objects to others who created 2-D drawings. Digital audio recordings of these interactions were analyzed. Results indicated language emerged through a variety of discourses each characterized by distinct languages: analogous, technical, and clarifying. The discourses were mediated by cognitive negotiation that allowed meaning to ascribe with sense carrying capacity that was occasionally hindered by terminological ambiguity. Implications of this study are that designing and creating 3-D objects using 3-D printers in classrooms may support opportunities for engaging in and practicing engineering design processes while developing disciplinary language, and spatial ability.
Decision Analysis for a Data Monitoring Committee of a Clinical Trial

A data monitoring committee holds a position of great trust within the structure of a US clinical trial, as it alone receives the accumulating data and decides whether to continue the trial. The committee generally meets at regularly scheduled intervals, e.g. six months. Recent advances in computation allow us to find optimal group-sequential strategies for each member of such a committee. This paper reviews how we plan to use the newly available computational ability to advise members of a data monitoring committee.
Optimal Request Clustering for Link Reliability Guarantee in Wireless Networked Control

In wireless networked control systems, ensuring predictable communication link reliabilities among sensors, controllers, and actuators is critical. In such scenarios, different data gathered at the application layer of each sender require different packet delivery ratios (i.e., reliabilities). The lower layers try to accommodate these requests by first mapping each of them into a service level and then deliver the associated data packets to the receiver at the mapped service level. Due to resource constraints and maintenance overhead, the number of supported service levels is usually limited. An important question is then how to determine the set of service levels to maintain and how to map each request to an appropriate service level, such that the requested reliabilities are guaranteed and the total cost of mapping is minimized? We formally formulate this as an optimal request clustering problem since each service level acts as a cluster and can host multiple requests. In particular, we formulate the Migratory Clustering Problem and the Non-Migratory Clustering Problem, depending on whether a request can migrate from one service level to another after its initial assignment. We propose two optimal algorithms to solve both problems.
Peripherin/rds in skate retina.

Peripherin/rds, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been localized to the rim region of mature disks and the basal region adjacent to the cilia of rod and cone outer segments where disk morphogenesis occurs (Arikawaet al.1992). The importance of peripherin/rds to photoreceptor outer segment structure is inferred by its involvement in theretinal degeneration slow (rds) mutant mouse line (VanNie et al.1978). Outer segment membrane biogenesis does occur in the homozygousrds mutant, but the membrane is unable to fold into the proper disk structure, suggesting an important role for peripherin/rds in the assembly, orientation, and physical stability of the disks (Travis and Bok, 1993; Molday, 1994). The peripherin/rds cDNA has been isolated and sequenced from human (Traviset al.1991), cow (Connell and Molday, 1990), dog (Moghrabiet al.,1995), cat (Gorinet al.1993), rat (Begy and Bridges, 1990), mouse (Traviset al.,1989), chicken (Wenget al.1998), andXenopus (Kedzierskiet al.1996) and found to code for proteins containing 346 to 364 residues, depending on the species. Studies have shown a noncovalent association between peripherin/rds and its homolog ROM-1 to form homo and heterotetramer and higher oligomers (Goldberg and Molday, 1996).
The Uninsured Do Not Use The Emergency Department More—They Use Other Care Less

There is a popular perception that insurance coverage will reduce overuse of the emergency department (ED). Both opponents and advocates of expanding insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) have made statements to the effect that EDs have been jammed with the uninsured and that paying for the uninsured population’s emergency care has burdened the health care system as a result of the expense of that care. It has therefore been surprising to many to encounter evidence that insurance coverage increases ED use instead of decreasing it. Two facts may help explain this unexpected finding. First, there is a common misperception that the uninsured use the ED more than the insured. In fact, insured and uninsured adults use the ED at very similar rates and in very similar circumstances—and the uninsured use the ED substantially less than the Medicaid population. Second, while the uninsured do not use the ED more than the insured, they do use other types of care much less than the insured.
In the Footsteps of Gita May

In 1988, when I was in search of a dissertation topic to feel enthusiastic about, I took Gita May's course on Rousseau. Professor May (as I called her at the time) introduced Rousseau's Discourse on the Origin of Inequality by discussing the concept of perfectibility--as Rousseau saw it, a key distinction between humans and animals. Something clicked for me. Was that the reason I was there? The search for perfectibility, not in an institution, or in a mentor, or in a field, but rather as a process, an aspiration, the goal behind ideas, the inspiration for our learning. In class, Professor May shared her fascination with the paradoxes and contradictions in Rousseau's writing, and outside class, I devoured Rousseau's work and Rousseau criticism. By the end of the semester, I had found a dissertation topic. I had also found a guide and a friend in Gita May. I learned a lot about perfectibility from Professor May. When early drafts of my dissertation came back two days after submission covered with red-ink comments, I learned how imperfect my writing was. Gita pointed out that giving a presentation with a pained grimace was not the best way to engage one's audience. I learned that perfectibility was not perfection. The closest to perfection one could get was to be found in a Hubert Robert landscape, in a portrait by Vigee Le Brun, in the dynamism of a Chardin still life made present through Diderot's words and the reader's imagination. "Perfectibility" was about trying to get there. Gita May was a trailblazer who, like many women of her generation, had to do more to achieve the same status as men in her profession. Among the roles and honors she held were president of the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, member of the MLA's Executive Council, and chevalier in the Legion d'Honneur, as well as recipient of Guggenheim, Ful-bright, American Council of Learned Societies, and National Endowment for the Humanities fellowships. Her work was wide ranging and made connections between philosopbes and revolutionaries, beyond centuries, and between genres. Most revealing of her spirit were the approaches she adopted in her work: rather than focus on the engagement and iconoclasm of Voltaire, the Patriarch, she explored Diderot's experimentalism and regard for outsiders, the idealism of Rousseau as read by Madame Roland and other women writers, and Baudelaire's aspiration to the immortal through his writings on painting. Gita May knew and communicated to her students that perfectibility as a scholar was all about determination and rigor. Yet it is her generosity of spirit that I remember most about her. She did not seek to cultivate acolytes who would replicate her own approaches, but rather helped her students develop their scholarly voices and individual paths (whether within or outside academia). When I spent a year in Paris, Gita May encouraged me to seek outside advisors and helped me make contact with my DEA director at the Universite de Paris III. …
The Clash of Rights: Explaining Attitudes toward a Religious Exemption to the HHS Contraception Mandate

In recent years, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) contraception mandate associated with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been a contentious issue that has created clash-of-rights claims between advocates of reproductive freedom and advocates of religious freedom. Americans differ considerably in their views toward whether religiously affiliated institutions that object to the use of contraceptives should be granted an exemption to the HHS contraception mandate. This article explores the determinants of Americans’ support for or opposition to the religious exemption. We focus particularly on the effects of individuals’ religious orientations, gender, and political attitudes that generate support for competing rights claims. Using data from a 2012 Pew Research Center survey, we (surprisingly) find little evidence of a gender effect. Rather, we find that support for the religious exemption is driven largely by church attendance and moral conservatism, with adherence to specific religious traditions having relatively minor effects. We also find that support for the religious exemption to the HHS contraception mandate is influenced by political variables (i.e., partisanship and ideology, attitudes toward President Obama, and Tea Party support) and demographic attributes (i.e., number of children in a given household, racial/ethnic identity, education, and age). We conclude that the clash of values over the contraception mandate is driven largely by religion and political attitudes.
The Versailles Social Movement and Implications for Asian American Environmental Health In Post-Katrina New Orleans

Between 2005 and 2010, the US Gulf Coast endured severe environmental catastrophes in the form of hurricanes and an oil spill that effectively crippled coastlines across several states. These disastrous events have impacted racial and ethnic minorities disproportionately. In response, the contemporary Asian American Environmental Justice Movement (AAEJ) found traction within a community with virtually no record of environmental advocacy, The long established Vietnamese community in New Orleans east, known as Versailles, mobilized successfully and continues to pursue a social justice agenda in the wake of disaster. This chapter presents the development of the modern AAEJ movement, utilizing the case of the Versailles Vietnamese to explore how a disaster-vulnerable ethnic enclave becomes politicized and empowered.
Team resource management trainer's manual for the atomic vapor laser isotope separation program

High reliability organizations do exist. They have been defined as those organizations that conduct thousands of high-consequence operations a year, essentially error-free. Naval air carriers, air traffic control, and commercial aviation are some of these kinds of organizations. How did they get that way? What kinds of people staff them? Can we become a high reliability organization? This workshop will look at these questions. When we are done, it will be up to you to determine whether we have the right stuff. There are six goals for this workshop: Describe Team Resource Management and its purpose; Describe Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) and their role in predicting and managing team performance and errors; Describe the principles for managing human error; Describe TRM�s 12 rules-of-thumb (the �Dirty Dozen�) and use of safety nets; Conduct Operational Risk Management (ORM); Demonstrate ways to keep TRM working.
The Empirical Implications of the Grossman-Hart Model: Comments on “Incomplete Contracts and the Internal Organization of Firms” by P. Aghion, N. Bloom and J. Van Reenen

This is a comment on “Incomplete Contracts and the Internal Organization of Firms” by P. Aghion, N. Bloom and J. Van Reenen, forthcoming in The Impact of Incomplete Contracts on Economics, edited by Philippe Aghion, Mathias Dewatripont, Patrick Legros, and Luigi Zingales, Oxford University Press, 2015.
Relations Between Seawater Ennoblement Selectivity And Passive Film Semiconductivity On Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys

The present work compares seawater corrosion potential ennoblement behavior from two marine exposure locations using Ni-Cr-Mo alloys. Alloy 625 (UNS N06625), Alloy 276 (UNS N10276), Alloy 4 (UNS N06455), Alloy 59 (UNS N06059) and Alloy 686 (UNS N06686) were exposed for periods of up to one year at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory in Key West, Florida (NRLKW), and the University of Delaware College of Marine Studies at Lewes, DE (Udel CMES). Open-circuit corrosion potential (OCP) measurements at these two locations demonstrated that the highest achievable ennoblement-related corrosion potential differed by as much as 100 mV between locations, with higher potentials measured at the Udel CMES site. A further analysis involving alloy composition demonstrated that there appears to be some ennoblement biofilm selectivity related to chromium and iron that influences the highest observable OCP’s, in the coastal waters at Udel CMES. No such sensitivity to alloy composition appears to be present in the blue ocean waters of NRLKW. Passive film semiconductive properties are also reported as a result of impedance-derived Mott-Schottky analysis and photocurrents, with accompanying discussion of their relation to composition for the Ni-Cr-Mo alloys under investigation.
Dynamic Contributions of Slow Wave Sleep and REM Sleep to Cognitive Longevity.

The purpose of this paper was to address how sleep changes with aging, with the broader goal of informing how REM sleep and slow wave activity mechanisms interact to promote cognitive longevity. We conducted novel analyses based on the National Sleep Research Resource database. Over approximately 5 years, middle-to-older aged adults, on average, showed dramatically worse sleep fragmentation, a steady decrease in slow wave sleep, and yet a small increase in REM sleep. Averaging across participants, however, masked a major theme: Individuals differ substantially in their longitudinal trajectories for specific components of sleep. We considered this individual variability in light of recent theoretical and empirical work that has shown disrupted sleep and decreased slow wave activity to impair frontal lobe restoration, glymphatic system functioning, and memory consolidation. Based on multiple recent longitudinal studies, we contend that preserved or enhanced REM sleep may compensate for otherwise disrupted sleep in advancing age. The scientific community has often debated whether slow wave activity or REM sleep mechanisms are more important to cognitive aging. We propose that a more fruitful approach for future work will be to investigate how REM and slow wave processes dynamically interact to affect cognitive longevity.
Israel, Northern Ireland, and South Africa at a Crossroads: Understanding Intergroup Conflict, Peace-Building, and Conflict Resolution

The Israeli, Northern Ireland, and South African conflicts are compared to explore the underlying nature of conflict in these three conflict zones. The nature of the state and the economy, the treatment of dissenting non-dominant groups by the state, and the role of external regional powers are examined to illustrate some of the driving forces behind the conflict in these three regions. Also, the recent peace processes are critically outlined. Finally, this article investigates how a transformational peace building process is critical to the constructive development of a participatory democracy in these three civic cultures.
Einstein in Oxford

Amid growing political unrest in Germany, Albert Einstein paid three short visits to Oxford in the early 1930s. Andrew Robinson reveals why this celebrated physicist travelled to Britain and how Einstein seduced – and then shocked – his audiences with his new thinking about how science works
Public Perceptions and Understanding of Job Titles Related to Behavior Analysis.

The current paper provides an analysis of results for 2 surveys designed to gather information regarding the general public’s perceptions and understanding of various job titles related to behavior analysis. Survey data were collected using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Information regarding pleasantness and clarity of job titles, as well as common words associated with job titles, is presented and discussed.
Surgical Reconstruction of Failed Anterior Urethroplasty

Urethroplasty has proven to be a cost-effective first-line treatment option for urethral stricture disease. In contemporary series, long-term success rates exceed 90% for anastomotic techniques and 85% for substitution urethroplasty. Urethroplasty failure can often be successfully salvaged with a subsequent reconstructive procedure, the success rates of which approach 80% employing various novel reconstructive techniques.
Maternal and Paternal Attachment Style and Chaos as Risk Factors for Parenting Behavior

Household chaos and insecure parental attachment styles are associated with lower quality parenting behaviors. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding fathers' parenting behaviors, and no studies examine if chaotic home environments moderate the attachment style-parenting behavior relationship. Using data from both mothers and fathers of 742 children (40.5% African American) living in rural, low-resource communities, the current study examined the individual and joint effects of self-reported adult attachment style and two domains of household chaos on observed maternal and paternal parenting behaviors during structured play with their 58-month old child (49.6% female). Multivariate models revealed that, even after controlling for confounders, attachment insecurity predicted lower quality parenting behavior for mothers and fathers. Further, for both mothers and fathers, the disorganized domain of household chaos, representing environments high in noise, clutter and disorder, predicted less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behavior. Finally, for mothers with dismissive attachment styles, high levels of disorganization appeared to exacerbate caregiving difficulties; this moderating relationship was not evident for fathers. These findings suggest that the stress of a chronically disorganized family environment may impact the expression of mothers' insecure tendencies in the context of parenting, thereby intensifying less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behaviors.
Transient neocortical gamma oscillations induced by neuronal response modulation

In this paper a mean field model of spatio-temporal electroencephalographic activity in the neocortex is used to computationally study the emergence of neocortical gamma oscillations as a result of neuronal response modulation. It is shown using a numerical bifurcation analysis that gamma oscillations emerge robustly in the solutions of the model and transition to beta oscillations through coordinated modulation of the responsiveness of inhibitory and excitatory neuronal populations. The spatio-temporal pattern of the propagation of these oscillations across the neocortex is illustrated by solving the equations of the model using a finite element software package. Thereby, it is shown that the gamma oscillations remain localized to the regions of neuronal modulation. Moreover, it is discussed that the inherent spatial averaging effect of commonly used electrocortical measurement techniques can significantly alter the amplitude and pattern of fast oscillations in neocortical recordings, and hence can potentially affect physiological interpretations of these recordings.
Extracting a mixing parameter from 2D radiographic imaging of variable-density turbulent flow

Abstract We extract a suitably averaged fluctuating density from the two-dimensional radiographic image of a flow. The X-ray attenuation is given by the Beer–Lambert law which exponentially damps the incident beam intensity by a factor proportional to the density, opacity and thickness of the target. By making reasonable assumptions for the mean density, opacity and effective thickness of the target flow, we estimate the density fluctuation contribution to the attenuation. The extracted density fluctuations averaged across the thickness of the flow in the direction of the beam may be used to form the density–specific-volume correlation b . In a statistical description of variable-density turbulence, b quantifies the degree of mixedness. The ability to extract a measure of mixedness from experimental data would be a powerful tool that could be used in the validation of mix models. The scheme proposed is tested for DNS data computed for variable density buoyancy-driven mixing. We quantify the deficits in the extracted value of b due to target thickness, Atwood number and modeled signal noise. This analysis justifies using the proposed scheme to infer the mix parameter from thin targets at moderate to low Atwood numbers. To illustrate how the scheme might be used in a practical problem, we demonstrate its application to a radiographic image of counter-shear flow obtained from experiments at the National Ignition Facility.
Synthesis of biaryl ketones by arylation of Weinreb amides with functionalized Grignard reagents under thermodynamic control vs. kinetic control of N,N-Boc2-amides

A highly efficient method for chemoselective synthesis of biaryl ketones by arylation of Weinreb amides (N-methoxy-N-methylamides) with functionalized Grignard reagents is reported. This protocol offers rapid entry to functionalized biaryl ketones after Mg/halide exchange with i-PrMgCl·LiCl under operationally-simple and practical reaction conditions. The scope of the method is highlighted in >40 examples, including bioactive compounds and pharmaceutical derivatives. Collectively, this transition-metal-free approach offers a major advantage over the recently established cross-coupling of amides by oxidative addition of N-C(O) bonds. Considering the utility of amide acylation reactions in modern synthesis, we expect that this method will be of broad interest.
An Aesthetic Analysis of an Educational, Videoconferencing Experience.

This study utilizes the "aesthetic mode of knowing" as a framework to analyze an educational, videoconferencing experience. Aesthetic themes are identified and evaluated from both student and instructor perspectives.
Nature-Inspired Purpurin Polymer for Li-Ion Batteries: Mechanistic Insights into Energy Storage via Solid-State NMR and Computational Studies

Organic electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries provide an enticing solution to alleviate the challenges of sustainability, costliness, and humanitarian impact associated with the sourcing an...
miR-18a Inhibits BMP4 and HIF-1α Normalizing Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Rationale: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal tangles of vessels where arteries and veins directly connect without intervening capillary nets, increasing the risk of intracerebra...
A Systematic Review of External Validity in Pediatric Integrated Primary Care Trials.

OBJECTIVE We used the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework to conduct a systematic review of external validity reporting in integrated primary care (IPC) interventions for mental health concerns. METHODS We searched Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, and relevant literature to identify publications from 1998 to 2018 reporting on open, randomized, or quasi-randomized trials of IPC interventions that targeted child (ages 0-18 years) psychological symptoms. For each publication, we extracted the information reported in each RE-AIM domain and calculated the proportion of the total studies reviewed. RESULTS Thirty-nine publications describing 25 studies were included in the review. Publications rarely reported some indicators of external validity, including the representativeness of participants (12%), rate of adoption clinics or providers (16%), cost of implementation (8%), or evidence of maintenance (16%). Few studies reported on key pragmatic factors such as cost or organizational change processes related to implementation and maintenance. Strengths of some studies included comparisons of multiple active treatments, use of tailorable interventions, and implementation in "real world" settings. CONCLUSIONS Although IPC interventions appear efficacious under research conditions, there are significant knowledge gaps regarding the degree to which they reach and engage target recipients, what factors impact adoption and implementation of IPC interventions by clinicians, how fidelity can be maintained over time, and cost-effectiveness. Pediatric IPC researchers should embrace dissemination and implementation science methods to balance internal and external validity concerns moving forward.
Majoring in accounting: Effects of gender, difficulty, career opportunities, and the impostor phenomenon on student choice

Abstract Staff level public accounting firm employees are roughly gender-balanced, leading one to believe accounting majors should be similarly balanced. However, some universities find their female-identifying student population to be smaller than expected. Students have many reasons for choosing a particular major, including personality fit, subject aptitude, and career opportunities. Likewise, students may avoid certain majors due to perceived difficulty and feelings of impostor phenomenon (IP), which can be described as a feeling of not being good enough or smart enough despite evidence to the contrary. This study seeks to discover how gender, perceived difficulty, impostor phenomenon, and perceived opportunity impact a student’s decision to major in accounting. We find that those who rate career opportunities as high relative to other majors are more likely to choose accounting as a major. Additionally, students with high IP are more likely to major in accounting than other students. Interestingly, women with high IP who also perceive accounting to be a difficult major are even more likely to major in accounting than other students. This appears to be due to the common drive of high IP individuals to continue to strive to convince themselves and others that they are not the impostors they believe themselves to be.
Investigating the Effects of Display Fidelity of Popular Head-Mounted Displays on Spatial Updating and Learning in Virtual Reality.

Often users in VR are required to make mental models, develop spatial awareness, and gain survey knowledge of the environment that they are exploring while learning the content of the simulation. In a between-subjects empirical evaluation, we examined the effect of the display fidelity of popular commercial head-mounted display systems based on display properties such as screen resolution, field of view, and screen size in three conditions, namely low, medium, and high fidelity. Our dependent variables were spatial updating (assessing survey knowledge by measuring the perceived orientation to landmarks previously visited when unseen) and content learning (measured via a pre and post cognitive questionnaire created by domain experts based on Blooms taxonomy of learning). In a VR simulation for geology education, participants explored a terrain, modeled after a segment of the Grand Canyon, collecting and testing rock samples. These landmarks were explored along a winding path through a realistic geological terrain, modeled based on Lidar and photogrammetry data. As the pathway through the Grand Canyon is distinctly sloping and varied, the task of pointing to the perceived location of landmarks in this environment provided rich insights into participants’ survey knowledge and content learning, and how such knowledge differed between the display conditions.
Product Recommendation and Consumer Search

We study product recommendations in an online environment where a firm provides strategic product recommendations to consumers. We develop an analytical framework to integrate recommendations into the consumer product search process. The firm sells two imperfectly substitutable products with different profit margins and makes a personalized product recommendation to each consumer based on its knowledge of their preferences. We define bias as the firm’s deliberate decision to recommend the product with higher expected misfit cost to a consumer. Consumers can accept the product recommendation, search for the non-recommended product, or leave the website. We identify five consumer segments based on heterogeneous consumers’ responses to the firm’s recommendations. We show that the level of bias in product recommendations, the firm’s profit, and consumer surplus depend on the interaction between the firm’s information about consumer preferences and consumer search costs. An increase in information about consumers can lead to an increase or a decrease in the level of bias in product recommendations, depending on the level of search costs. Moreover, an increase in information about consumers leads to a corresponding increase in the firm’s profit, but does not necessarily result in a reduction in consumer surplus. On the other hand, an increase in search costs can lead to non-monotonic changes in the firm’s recommendation strategy, causing an increase or decrease in recommendation bias when the firm’s information about consumers is more accurate. Furthermore, the firm’s profit can behave non-monotonically with respect to search costs: the firm benefits from an increase in search costs when these costs are small and uncertainty about consumers is low, but it can be adversely affected when search costs are moderate. Interestingly, consumer surplus may increase when search costs increase.
From the Hood to the Home: Masculinity Maturation of Chicago Street Gang Members:

This study draws on interviews with 29 former gang members to investigate changes in masculinity practices over time, which we term masculinity maturation. We find that perceptions of masculinity e...
Effective field theory of 6D SUSY RG Flows

The authors study RG flows in six-dimensional (supersymmetric) CFTs, which allow only deformations through VEVs of tensor scalars and Higgs scalars, by constructing the effective field theories for the dilaton and axions. They discover a surprising absence of certain four-dilaton interactions that is completely counterintuitive to what is known in four or fewer dimensions and the authors connect it to the peculiar large-momentum behavior of four-point functions, which they explain with the occurrence of effective strings in CFTs above four dimensions.
Effects of actinomycin d in vivo on murine erythroid stem cells.

Low-dose actinomycin D (Acto) selectively suppresses murine erythropoiesis without decreasing erythropoietin (Ep) production. We used the plasma clot system to determine the stage of erythroid differentiation at which this inhibition occurs. Late erythroid precursors, CFU-E, and less differentiated committed erythroid stem cells, BFU-E, were assayed in CF1 mice given Acto 75-82 microgram/kg/day or saline subcutaneously for 5 days. We also assayed pluripotent (CFU-S) and committed granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-C) stem cells. Reticulocytes and marrow and spleen nucleated erythroid precursors were decreased by 99% in the Acto-treated mice; tibial marrow CFU-E were decreased by 97% and splenic CFU-E by 99%. Tibial BFU-E were not decreased by Acto, although there was a 66% diminution in splenic BFU-E. Acto increased tibial CFU-S, but splenic CFU-S and tibial and splenic CFU-C were unchanged. Thus Acto inhibits erythropoiesis by suppressing the ability of immediate committed erythroid precursors of CFU-E or CFU-E themselves to differentiate further in response to Ep. Acto does not affect survival or proliferation of the less differentiated cells--CFU-C, CFU-S, and marrow BFU-E. The suppression of splenic BFU-E in Acto-treated mice may indicate that marrow and splenic BFU-E are basically different stem cells. Alternatively, Acto treatment may impair migration of BFU-E from marrow to spleen.
Incomplete Sentences Blank

The Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank (RISB) is the most frequently used sentence completion test of personality and socioemotional functioning. A performance-based test, the RISB is used to screen for adjustment problems, to facilitate case conceptualization and diagnosis, and to monitor treatment. The RISB can be interpreted quantitatively using a semi-objective scoring system or qualitatively to identify areas of psychosocial conflict among respondents. When scored quantitatively, interscorer reliability, temporal stability, and internal consistency are adequate. Validity is supported by correlations with other measures of psychological distress, peer and clinician ratings of functioning, and differences in RISB scores for clinic-referred and nonreferred individuals. Recent research suggests the RISB may be used with adolescents and adults. Data supporting the qualitative interpretation of RISB responses are limited. However, responses may be useful to complement other, objective components of psychological assessment and to obtain a description of clients' concerns in their own words. Keywords: Personality; practice in clinical psychology; projective tests; assessment
The Death Knell of Stockholders' Derivative Suits in New York

IEW YORK legislation has usually been so carefully considered that for many years it has served as a wholesome model for other states. This enviable position has been due, in part, to the salutary activities of its Law Revision Commission, which studies proposed legislation, invites discussion, and makes recommendations based thereon, a democratic practice calculated to produce sound legislation. Suspicion therefore results when, as has just happened at the last session of the New York legislature, a bill virtually strangling stockholders' derivative suits, is tossed into the legislative hopper too late for a public hearing and without the recommendation of this non-partisan body. Nor was this bill sponsored by any bar association. In fact, it was forcefully condemned by the only bar association which had had an opportunity to vote on it in the few days between its late introduction and its hasty passage by the legislature.' It was also unequivocally disapproved by every other bar association which thereafter voted on the proposed law while it was pending before the governor.2 Emphatic objection to the legislation was also registered
Sex differences in the fatigability of arm muscles depends on absolute force during isometric contractions

Women are capable of longer endurance times compared with men for contractions performed at low to moderate intensities. The purpose of the study was 1) to determine the relation between the absolute target force and endurance time for a submaximal isometric contraction and 2) to compare the pressor response and muscle activation patterns of men [26.3 +/- 1.1 (SE) yr] and women (27.5 +/- 2.3 yr) during a fatiguing contraction performed with the elbow flexor muscles. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force was greater for men (393 +/- 23 vs. 177 +/- 7 N), which meant that the average target force (20% of MVC) was greater for men (79.7 +/- 6.5 vs. 36.7 +/- 2.0 N). The endurance time for the fatiguing contractions was 118% longer for women (1,806 +/- 239 vs. 829 +/- 94 s). The average of the rectified electromyogram (%MVC) for the elbow flexor muscles at exhaustion was similar for men (31 +/- 2%) and women (30 +/- 2%). In contrast, the heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were less at exhaustion for women (94 +/- 6 vs. 111 +/- 7 beats/min and 121 +/- 5 vs. 150 +/- 6 mmHg, respectively). The target force and change in MAP during the fatiguing contraction were exponentially related to endurance time (r(2) = 0.68 and r(2) = 0.64, respectively), whereas the change in MAP was linearly related to target force (r(2) = 0.51). The difference in fatigability of men and women when performing a submaximal contraction was related to the absolute contraction intensity and was limited by mechanisms that were distal to the activation of muscle.
An equation of state for isobutane-isopentane mixtures with corrections for impurities

A global Helmholtz function accurately representing the thermodynamic properties of isobutane-isopentane mixtures over a wide range of temperatures and pressures has been developed. The Helmholtz function has been used for the generation by computer of tables and charts of properties of interest to designers of power cycles. This Helmholtz function has also been extended to allow for additional components in the mixture, thus enabling the accurate calculation of corrections to the thermodynamic properties when impurities are present in significant amounts.
Product Switching Cost and Strategic Flexibility

This paper examines the equilibrium degree of flexibility adopted by firms competing in oligopolistic product markets in which the value of flexibility arises from the initial presence of uncertainty over consumer preferences and its eventual resolution. The equilibrium choice of flexible mode depends on the following factors: (1) the cost of switching product design in response to revealed consumer preferences, (2) the difference in the acquisition costs of the flexible and dedicated modes, and (3) the precision of the ex ante information held by the firms regarding consumer preferences. The relationship between these factors and the equilibrium choice of modes is fully characterized.
Livestock Bedding Effects on Two Species of Parasitoid Wasps of Filth Flies

Choice of livestock bedding has been shown to affect density of filth fly maggots. Here, laboratory experiments indicate that bedding type can also affect natural enemies of the flies, specifically the parasitoid wasps Spalangia endius Walker and Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitizing a natural host, the house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) . For both parasitoid species, when females parasitized hosts under bedding, cedar shavings resulted in fewer parasitoids compared with pine shavings, but pine shavings did not differ from wood pellets and corn cob pellets. In the absence of exposure to hosts, longevity of adult females was reduced in cedar shavings compared with pine shavings and pellets. In contrast to the effects on parasitization and on adult survival, shavings treatment had no significant effect on the number of parasitoids or flies that emerged when hosts were not exposed to shavings until after parasitization.
TH-C-L100J-09: Noninvasive Evaluation of Early Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Via [11C]-PK11195 Based PET Imaging

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using [ 11 C ] ‐PK11195‐based PETimaging to study radiation‐induced pulmonary inflammation in vivo and to validate the molecular imaging results by histology. Method and Materials: Female adult C57BL/6J mice were used. The lower portion of the right mouse lung (RLL) was locally irradiated with a 5mm‐diameter customized collimator in a 137 Cs gamma‐ray irradiator. Radiographicimaging was employed for irradiation collimation alignment. The radiationdoses were measured using Gafchromic EBT film. The irradiated mouse was imaged at 7 days after local irradiation. PETimaging was performed in a dedicated small animal PET scanner. Each mouse received 0.3 mCi of [ 11 C ] ‐PK11195 via injection through the tail vein. A dynamic imaging protocol was used for each scan with a total duration of 30 minutes. Raw images were reconstructed and analyzed by 3D OSEM. Immediately after imaging, the mouse was euthanized and the lung was inflated and fixed in 10% formalin for 48 hours before paraffin embedding. 5 μm thick slices were cut for hematoxylin & eosin staining and histological images were acquired with a Zeiss light microscope. Results: The average dose in the locally irradiated lung region was 19.2Gy, while the total body dose was 3.9 Gy due to gamma ray leakage through the collimator. Tomographic slices in coronal and transaxial sections of the mouse lung showed significant PK11195 accumulation in RLL, while the other regions remained normal. Histologic images from different lung portions demonstrated that only RLL showed significant infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, which agrees with the noninvasive imaging data. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the noninvasive evaluation of early radiation‐induced pulmonary injury in a mouse model. Since [ 11 C ] ‐PK11195 is approved for clinical use, this technique may see potential applications in monitoring early molecular events of radiation‐induced pulmonary injury and assessing the efficacy of new treatment strategies.