cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rifampin and rifaximin resistance in clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile.

Rifaximin, a poorly absorbed rifamycin derivative, is a promising alternative for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. Resistance to this agent has been reported, but no commercial test for rifaximin resistance exists and the molecular basis of this resistance has not been previously studied in C. difficile. To evaluate whether the rifampin Etest would be a suitable substitute for rifaximin susceptibility testing in the clinical setting, we analyzed the in vitro rifaximin susceptibilities of 80 clinical isolates from our collection by agar dilution and compared these results to rifampin susceptibility results obtained by agar dilution and Etest. We found rifaximin susceptibility data to agree with rifampin susceptibility; the MICs of both antimicrobials for all isolates were either very low or very high. Fourteen rifaximin-resistant (MIC, ≥32 μg/ml) unique isolates from patients at diverse locations in three countries were identified. Molecular typing analysis showed that nine (64%) of these isolates belonged to the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 group that is responsible for multiple outbreaks and increased disease severity in the United Kingdom, Europe, and North America. The molecular basis of rifaximin and rifampin resistance in these isolates was investigated by sequence analysis of rpoB, which encodes the β subunit of RNA polymerase, the target of rifamycins. Resistance-associated rpoB sequence differences that resulted in specific amino acid substitutions in an otherwise conserved region of RpoB were found in all resistant isolates. Seven different RpoB amino acid substitutions were identified in the resistant isolates, which were divided into five distinct groups by restriction endonuclease analysis typing. These results suggest that the amino acid substitutions associated with rifamycin resistance were independently derived rather than disseminated from specific rifamycin-resistant clones. We propose that rifaximin resistance in C. difficile results from mutations in RpoB and that rifampin resistance predicts rifaximin resistance for this organism.
Micellar solubilization of lecithin and of lecithin-cholesterol mixtures by a nonionic surfactant

Abstract The micellar solubilization of lecithin and of mixtures of cholesterol and lecithin by a typical nonionic surfactant was investigated as a continuation of solubilization studies of cholesteryl esters of C 18 fatty acids (F. A. A. Sayeed and H. Schott, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 109, 140 (1986)) and of their mixture with cholesterol (H. Schott and F. A. A. Sayeed, J. Colloid Interface Sci. , in press). Nonoxynol 10 solutions at 37°C solubilized appreciable amounts of lecithin and of cholesterol. The presence of cholesterol did not affect the solubilization limit of lecithin while the presence of lecithin increased the solubilization limit of cholesterol by 50%. The solubility of cholesterol in nonoxynol solutions containing lecithin was only slightly smaller than its solubility in bile salt-lecithin solutions of comparable concentrations. The solubilizates of lecithin:cholesterol mixtures had always an equimolar composition, regardless of whether the initial mixtures had molar ratios of 1:2, 1:1, or 2:1.
The Effect of Simulated Cataract on the Glaucomatous Visual Field

Purpose: The current study is designed to determine the effect of light scattering (simulated cataract) on glaucomatous visual fields. Methods: Twelve patients with relative scotomas caused by glaucoma underwent the 30-2 threshold test with the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer twice: once with and once without having a light-diffusing piece of ground glass in front of the eye, which, in previous experiments, has been shown to decrease perimetric threshold by 4.4 decibels (dB) in normal eyes. As controls, 12 patients underwent the same examination with and without a piece of clear glass in front of the eye. In each pair of fields, five points were analyzed within the relative scotoma and compared with five points in a normal area of the opposite hemifield. Results: The diffusing ground glass produced a mean decrease of perimetric threshold of 5.7 dB (standard deviation [SD] = 3.3 dB) within the area of relative scotoma compared with 6.1 dB (SD = 2.4 dB) within the normal area and 4.4 dB (SD = 2.25 dB) at the fovea. The differences between means were not statistically significant. In addition, the diffusing glass did not affect the corrected pattern SD (CPSD) index (6.5 dB with the diffuser and 6.5 dB without). Conclusion: Light scattering depresses the glaucomatous visual field diffusely. Relative glaucomatous scotomas and normal areas are depressed equally, expressed as change in decibel of sensitivity. Therefore, in following patients with cataracts and glaucoma, depression of threshold sensitivity in glaucomatous areas out of proportion to normal areas should not be attributed to the light-scattering effect of the cataract, but rather to possible worsening of glaucomatous damage.
Fundamental passivity and causality bounds on metamaterial cloaking

Summary form only given. In the last decade, metamaterials and plasmonics have been introduced and developed in the electromagnetic community, bringing new exciting findings and potential applications of this technology in a variety of applied fields. The application of these new ideas to the hundred-year-old field of electromagnetic scattering has led to the discovery of anomalous and, often, counterintuitive effects. Most notably, huge interest has been devoted by the broad scientific community to the realization of a long-sought invisibility, or cloaking, device and a plethora of different ideas have been proposed. Now, after some years from the first theoretical works on cloaking, and some proof-of-concept realization of these concepts, researchers are realizing that bandwidth is the fundamental issue limiting the practical applicability of this technology, and a better understanding of these limitations is of vital importance. Several authors have pointed out that, in general, broadband invisibility may pose serious problems in terms of causality. Still, most of the available papers on cloaking, even some of the most recent ones, present scattering reduction at a single frequency, without analyzing the frequency dependence of this phenomenon.Some attempts to derive bandwidth limitations on cloaking have been recently proposed, using delay-bandwidth considerations. These results are however limited to certain classes of invisibility devices and appear too restrictive in the general sense. Here we propose a new approach to establish fundamental and completely general bounds on the bandwidth of cloaking, borrowing concepts from microwave engineering. In particular, we apply the rigorous Bode-Fano theory of broadband matching to the reflection and scattering coefficients of planar and spherical scatterers, in both the quasi-static and dynamic regimes. This allows us to derive, for the first time, very general physical bounds valid for any passive cloaking scheme. These theoretical limitations are ultimately deduced from passivity and causality and only depend on the characteristics of the scatterer to be hidden. Therefore, given the object to be cloaked, our approach allows to check the realizability of given cloaking specifications and can calculate the optimal tradeoff between available bandwidth and total scattering reduction. We believe that these results are of fundamental scientific significance and represent a pivotal achievement in the general area of metamaterials and more specifically in understanding the realistic applicability of cloaking devices to realworld applications, such as camouflaging, non-invasive sensing and energy applications.
Estimating the nucleotide diversity in Ceratodon purpureus (Ditrichaceae) from 218 conserved exon-primed, intron-spanning nuclear loci.

Premise of the study: We developed and tested primers for 218 nuclear loci for studying population genetics, phylogeography, and genome evolution in bryophytes. Methods and Results: We aligned expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Ceratodon purpureus to the Physcomitrella patens genome sequence, and designed primers that are homologous to conserved exons but span introns in the P. patens genome. We tested these primers on four isolates from New York, USA; Otavalo, Ecuador; and two laboratory isolates from Austria (WT4 and GG1). The median genome-wide nucleotide diversity was 0.008 substitutions/site, but the range was large (0–0.14), illustrating the among-locus heterogeneity in the species. Conclusions: These loci provide a valuable resource for finely resolved, genome-wide population genetic and species-level phylogenetic analyses of C. purpureus and its relatives.
Some useful renumbering strategies for unstructured grids

Several renumbering strategies for unstructured grids are discussed. They lead to a minimization of eache-misses and an optimal grouping of elements for different computer platforms, from superscalar workstations to multiprocessor register-to-register vector machines. Timings for a typical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code that employs these renumbering strategies indicate that CPU requirements may be halved by applying them. The renumbering strategies discussed are all of linear time complexity, making them ideally suited for applications requiring frequent mesh changes. Furthermore, these renumbering strategies are not only valid for element-based codes but carry over to edge-based or face-based field solvers.
Application of the neocognitron to target identification

A derivative of the Fukashima Neocognitron was trained with a set of preprocessed target image chips for the purpose of target classification. The Neocognitron was chosen because of robust performance on handwritten characters that contain contours and complex line shapes not unlike the processed target images used in our multi-sensor/multi-look information fusion system. Advantages of the Neocognitron include translation and distortion invariance, which are desirable properties of any classifier. This paper represents our initial results and conclusions from experiments and data analysis using the Neocognitron on FLIR target sets of ground vehicles.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Thermally-induced formation of polychlorinated dibenzofurans from Aroclor 1254 contaminated silicone oil and tetrachloroethylene

Abstract Pyrolysis of solutions of Aroclor 1254 at atmospheric pressure and its combustion in the presence of a flame in a tubular flow furnace was carried out. The effect of temperature and residence time on the formation of PCDF's in two different solvent matrices was investigated.
Identification and Characterization of a Second Putative Origin of DNA Replication in a Baculovirus of Orgyia pseudotsugata

A 7.5-kb region (96.8-2.5 m.u.), called Op5, of the Orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (OpMNPV) genome that contains an origin of DNA replication was characterized. This region replicates several times more efficiently and is unrelated to the previously identified putative origin of replication located on the viral HindIII-N fragment. In contrast to HindIII-N, the origin on Op5 contains repeated sequences with limited sequence identity to the homologous regions from AcMNPV. In isolation, these repeated sequences were not sufficient for origin activity in OpMNPV-infected Lymantria dispar cells, but required an additional 1.3 kb of sequences located to the left of the repeats. Four regions of the OpMNPV genome that crosshybridize with the repeated region were also found to replicate in our infection-dependent DNA replication assay. A deletion clone of Op5 that replicates efficiently in OpMNPV-infected L. dispar cells, was found to replicate at less than 2% the replication level of AcMNPV hr2 in AcMNPV-infected Spodoptera frugiperda cells.
Non-verbal hypnotic techniques in a centrally deaf brain-damaged patient

Abstract Non-verbal techniques across several sensory dimensions were utilized with a brain-damaged centrally deaf 36-year-old female patient who had been referred for hypnotherapeutic relaxation. These included optical fixation on the therapist's hand with gradual thumb and forefinger closure, vibratory stimuli, light shoulder pressures, arm stroking, manually facilitated air currents, and reinforcing homework assignments. With hypnotherapy, the patient's physical and emotional behavior was reported by her to have improved to a significant degree.
Exploring a Global Multiresolution Modeling Approach Using Aquaplanet Simulations

AbstractResults from aquaplanet experiments performed using the Model for Prediction across Scales (MPAS) hydrostatic dynamical core implemented within the Department of Energy (DOE)–NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) are presented. MPAS is an unstructured-grid approach to climate system modeling that supports both quasi-uniform and variable-resolution meshing of the sphere based on conforming grids. Using quasi-uniform simulations at resolutions of 30, 60, 120, and 240 km, the authors evaluate the performance of CAM-MPAS via its kinetic energy spectra, general circulation, and precipitation characteristics. By analyzing an additional variable-resolution simulation with grid spacing that varies from 30 km in a spherical, continental-sized equatorial region to 240 km elsewhere, the CAM-MPAS’s potential for use as a regional climate simulation tool is explored.Similar to other quasi-uniform aquaplanet simulations, tropical precipitation increases with resolution, indicating the resolution sensitivity of ...
Selective bladder preservation by combined modality protocol treatment: Long-term outcomes of 190 patients with invasive bladder cancer

Abstract Objectives. To evaluate the outcomes of patients with muscle-invasive Stage T2-4a bladder carcinoma managed by transurethral surgery and concurrent chemoradiation. Methods. A total of 190 patients were treated on institutional prospective protocols using concurrent cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and radiotherapy after rigorous transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Patients were re-evaluated by repeated biopsy and urine cytologic analysis after 40 Gy, with the initial tumor response guiding subsequent therapy. One hundred twenty-one patients with a complete response by cytologic and histologic examination and those medically unfit for cystectomy received boost chemoradiation to 64 to 65 Gy. Those patients without a complete response were advised to undergo radical cystectomy. A total of 66 patients (35%) ultimately underwent radical cystectomy; 41 for less than a complete response and an additional 25 for recurrent invasive tumors. The median follow-up was 6.7 years for all surviving patients. Results. The 5 and 10-year actuarial overall survival rate was 54% and 36%, respectively (Stage T2, 62% and 41%; Stage T3-T4a, 47% and 31%, respectively). The 5 and 10-year disease-specific survival rate was 63% and 59% (Stage T2, 74% and 66%; Stage T3-T4a, 53% and 52%), respectively. The 5 and 10-year disease-specific survival rate for patients with an intact bladder was 46% and 45% (Stage T2, 57% and 50%; Stage T3-T4a, 35% and 34%), respectively. The pelvic failure rate was 8.4%. No patient required cystectomy because of bladder morbidity. Conclusions. The 10-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates are comparable with the results reported for contemporary radical cystectomy for patients of similar clinical and pathologic stage. One third of patients treated on protocol with the goal of bladder sparing ultimately required a cystectomy. A trimodality approach with bladder preservation based on the initial tumor response is, therefore, safe, with most long-term survivors retaining functional bladders.
Online Stochastic Matching: New Algorithms with Better Bounds

We consider variants of the online stochastic bipartite matching problem motivated by Internet advertising display applications, as introduced in Feldman et al. [Feldman J, Mehta A, Mirrokni VS, Muthukrishnan S (2009) Online stochastic matching: Beating 1 − 1/e. FOCS '09: Proc. 50th Annual IEEE Sympos. Foundations Comput. Sci. (IEEE, Washington, DC), 117–126]. In this setting, advertisers express specific interests into requests for impressions of different types. Advertisers are fixed and known in advance, whereas requests for impressions come online. The task is to assign each request to an interested advertiser (or to discard it) immediately upon its arrival. In the adversarial online model, the ranking algorithm of Karp et al. [Karp RM, Vazirani UV, Varirani VV (1990) An optimal algorithm for online bipartite matching. STOC '90: Proc. 22nd Annual ACM Sympos. Theory Comput. (ACM, New York), 352–358] provides a best possible randomized algorithm with competitive ratio 1 − 1/e ≈ 0.632. In the stochastic ...
Synthesis of Several Dibasic Acid Esters of 3-Quinuclidinol as Potential Pharmacological Agents

Eight new dibasic acid esters of 3-quinuclidinol have been synthesized and isolated as their free bases using an alcoholysis reaction. A ninth compound, 3-quinuclidinyl hydrogen homophthalate, could not be isolated with sufficient purity to obtain an elemental analysis. However, this compound showed characteristic ester bands and gave a positive hydroxamic acid test. In a preliminary pharmacological evaluation in dogs, 3-quinuclidinyl hydrogen phthalate and 3-quinuclidinyl hydrogen 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate gave a substantial increase in blood pressure and produced central stimulation as evidenced by a marked increase in respiration. Five compounds showed varying degrees of local anesthetic activity.
Some molecular properties of an isolated acetylcholine receptor ion-translocation protein.

Abstract An improved procedure for isolation and purification of acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica electroplax membranes is described. The purified material contains the neurotransmitter recognition site and a second binding subsite which complexes inorganic cations and bis-quaternary cholinergic analogs. In addition to the transmitter recognition site the isolated macromolecule contains the molecular features necessary for ion-translocation during postsynaptic depolarization, since a chemically excitable membrane can be formed from purified acetylcholine receptor and Torpedo phospholipids.
Outcomes following hematopoietic cell transplantation for Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome

HLA-identical sibling donor transplantation remains the treatment of choice for Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS). Since 1990, utilization of alternative donor sources has increased significantly. We report the hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes of 47 patients with WAS treated at a single center since 1990. Improved outcomes were observed after 2000 despite the increased number of alternative donors. Five-year OS improved from 62.5% (95% CI: 34.9% to 81.1%) to 90.8% (95% CI: 67.7% to 97.6%) for patients transplanted during 1990-2000 and 2001-2009, respectively. In multivariate analysis, transplant era significantly impacted OS (P=0.04), whereas age was only marginally significant (P=0.06, Cox proportional hazard analysis). No TRM occurred within the first 100 days among patients transplanted during 2001-2009 compared with 3/16 during 1990-2000, (P=0.03, Fisher's exact test). The extent of HLA mismatch did not significantly affect the incidence of acute GVHD, chronic GVHD or survival. Post-HCT autoimmune cytopenias were frequently diagnosed after 2001: 17/31 (55%) patients. Their occurrence was not associated with transplant donor type (P=0.53), acute GVHD (P=0.74), chronic GVHD (P=0.12), or post-transplant mixed chimerism (P=0.50).
Parametric representations of time-varying linear systems with Banach-space-valued signals

Meidan's representation of a linear time-varying input-output system is extended to the case where the signals take their instantaneous values in Banach spaces. The result is then related to Cristescu's representation for such a system.
Beam scintillation effects on identification performance with active imaging systems

In this paper, beam scintillation effects on the illumination of targets are quantified with respect to human observer performance. The theory of man-in-the-loop target acquisition is reviewed along with the principles of operation of an actively illuminated gated incoherent imager. A model to account for the effects of beam scintillation on target acquisition performance is introduced. A simulation of beam propagation was developed and used to apply a nonuniform illuminating field to a series of monochrome images of targets. These images were then used in a perception experiment with trained observers. The results of these perception experiments compare well with predictions from the model.
Monopole-induced baryon-number violation in ``realistic'' grand unified theories

We consider the embedding of the SU(2) monopole of 't Hooft and Polyakov into ``realistic'' grand unified theories (GUT's) and find a complication that may possibly interfere with the Callan-Rubakov effect. The fine tuning that keeps the weak-interaction scale much smaller than the GUT scale is necessarily upset in the vicinity of a magnetic monopole, and there is a probability of order one that the Weinberg-Salam Higgs field will have a GUT-scale expectation value at the monopole core. This means that the fermions could have a large effective mass at the core which could act as a barrier to exclude the fermions from the baryon-number-violating interactions inside the monopole core. In this paper we determine whether such a barrier is likely to cause a significant suppression of the Callan-Rubakov effect. Our analysis involves a variational determination of a position-dependent mass for the fermions in Callan's soliton formalism. Once the position-dependent mass of the solitons has been determined, simple energy arguments allow us to determine if the Callan-Rubakov effect will be suppressed. We find that in ordinary GUT's, the small Yukawa couplings between the Weinberg-Salam Higgs field and the light fermions keep the effective soliton masses very small so baryon-number violation is not affected, but if the Yukawa couplings are larger than ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ (instead of the usual ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$) or with the appropriate tuning of Higgs-field parameters, the soliton masses can become large at the core, and the Callan-Rubakov effect can be prevented. In the event that the Callan-Rubakov effect is suppressed, we find that baryon-number violation is still possible through the weak-anomaly-induced process discussed by Schellekens and Sen. However, this process is not likely to be important phenomenologically. We also correct an ambiguity with the bosonization procedure that was noticed by Yamagishi.
Contribution of developmental disabilities to childhood mortality in the United States: a multiple-cause-of-death analysis

Although developmental disabilities are among the major chronic health problems affecting children in the United States, the contribution of developmental disabilities to childhood mortality is unknown. To investigate the magnitude of this contribution, multiple cause-of-death data were examined for US children, aged 1-19 years, for 1980 and 1983-1989. The following conditions were included as developmental disabilities: autism, attention deficit disorder, learning disorders, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, blindness and deafness. Based on underlying cause only, it was found that developmental disabilities were the fifth leading cause of nontraumatic death for children between 1 and 14 years of age and the third leading cause of non-traumatic death for children between 15 and 19 years. When a multiple cause approach was used to define developmental disability-related deaths (i.e. when contributing as well as underlying cause was considered), the number of such deaths nearly doubled. On the basis of both underlying- and multiple-cause analyses, cerebral palsy was the developmental disability most frequently cited as a cause of death. Mental retardation ranked second according to the multiple-cause approach but only fourth according to the underlying-cause approach. The least frequent causes of death (autism, attention deficit disorder, learning disorders, blindness, and deafness) were the ones most likely to be coded as contributing rather than underlying causes. Developmental disability-related mortality rates were highest among children aged 1-4 and 15-19 years, highest among blacks and lowest among racial groups other than blacks and whites, and higher among males than females. Although results of multiple-cause-of-death analyses more accurately reflect the proportion of deaths related to developmental disabilities, even this approach may underestimate the degree to which mortality is associated with a developmental disability.
How big is a database versus how is a database big

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the sizes of databases.Design/methodology/approach – The paper illustrates the various dimensions of some library and information science (LIS) databases and database subsets, and the implications of these differences.Findings – Enhancements of database records by cited references have great potential for guiding the searcher to cited and cited references.Originality/value – Illustrates the various dimensions of some LIS databases and database subsets, and the implications of these differences.
What's rural about rural aging? An Appalachian perspective ∗

Abstract Despite the recent proliferation of literature on the aged in rural society, considerable ambiguity remains concerning the appropriate conceptualization of rurality as a potential influence upon the experience of growing old. This paper considers three alternative conceptualizations: aging in rural environments , in which rural is viewed as an ecological context; the environment of rural aging , in which rural is viewed as a socio-cultural context; and the rural environment of the aging , in which rural is viewed as a phenomenological perspective of those who are growing old. The applicability of each conceptualization is considered in relation to insights arising from an ethnographic study of aging in a single rural Appalachian community and other research on the elderly of Appalachia. While each conceptualization has heuristic value, it is concluded that studies focusing on rural as a socio-cultural context or as a phenomenological perspective are the most likely to result in significant theoretical advances in rural gerontology.
Extraction of Tc(V) from Radiopharmaceuticals

Abstract The oxidation state of technetium in several radiopharmaceutical preparations was investigated by forming uncharged complexes of known valence and high stability, followed by extraction into chloroform. Successful extractions by 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) which forms a Tc(V) uncharged complex, showed that SnCl 2 -reduced Tc-gluconate, citrate, and mannitol complexes at 2 × 10 −9 M concentration were Tc(V) compounds. Extractions by diphenylcarbazone showed that Tc-pyrophosphate and Tc-HEDP complexes were Tc(IV) or perhaps Tc(III). By means of oxine extraction, it was found that the reaction of pertechnetate with SnCl 2 solutions, produced mostly Tc(V) in diluted pertechnetate and SnCl 2 solutions, but further reduction was observed as the SnCl 2 concentration was raised. A reported displacement of Tc-pyrophosphate and Tc-HEDP by Na-gluconate and displacement of Tc-DTPA by cyclam in alkaline solution was shown to involve oxidation, probably by traces of air. The Tc-DMSA complex produced by SnCl 2 reduction contains some Tc(IV), but the problem is complicated by the existence of four or more compounds. Diphenylcarbazone is not an ideal extractant because the chemistry of its reaction with Tc is not understood, and it is not as efective in extracting Tc(IV) as oxine is for Tc(V).
New methods for calculating scattering cross sections for rearrangement collisions

A new method for calculating quantum-mechanical reactance matrices (and hence cross sections) for rearrangement collisions is discussed and tested. This method avoids the integral kernels which usually appear in the coupled differential equations describing the wave function for rearrangement scattering. The method is applied to an example rearrangement scattering problem (elastic and inelastic electron-hydrogen-atom scattering) with good results.
Enhancing Outcomes Research

The emphasis on healthcare in the US is shifting to the ambulatory environment. To date, few studies have evaluated the effects that community pharmacists have on patient care. In an attempt to address this issue, 4 academicians from a college of pharmacy developed a research network of community pharmacists, the Community Pharmacist Research Network (CPR-Net), to study pharmaceutical care outcomes in community pharmacies.
Increased inhibition of proliferation of human B cell lymphomas following ligation of CD40, and either CD19, CD20, CD95 or surface immunoglobulin

Non-Hodgkin's (NHL) B cell lymphomas are growth-inhibited by ligation of their CD40 molecules. This inhibition is not absolute in that approximately 50% of the cells are not inhibited. We conducted studies to see if other signals that have been reported to inhibit B cell lymphoma growth could be used in combination with anti-CD40 signaling to completely inhibit growth. Ligation of surface immunoglobulin (Ig), CD19, CD20, CD37 or CD95 with soluble antibody did not affect growth of the panel of NHL cells examined. Ligation of CD20, CD19 or CD95 was inhibitory for some NHL cell lines if the primary antibody was crosslinked with a secondary antibody. Combining anti-CD40 with anti-CD19, anti-CD20, or anti-Ig resulted in increased inhibition past that produced by anti-CD40 alone. The additive effect of anti-CD40 and other antibodies to selected surface markers was not observed in all NHL cell lines. Crosslinking of CD95 was also growth inhibitory for the majority of the NHL, and when combined with anti-CD40 under conditions that afforded crosslinking of the two receptors, increased inhibition was seen in three of the NHL cell lines. We found that cAMP or sodium butyrate (NaB) were also effective at inhibiting growth of the NHL cells; this was a profound inhibition (approaching 100%) compared to the 50% inhibition seen with anti-CD40 treatment. The potential for anti-CD40 and either cAMP or NaB to be additive was tested and not found to be the case. The ability to inhibit proliferation of the NHL was very dynamic with some antibody combinations being either inhibitory for multiple cells, not having an effect at all, or in some cases being stimulatory. This suggests that the NHL may represent unique stages of B cells that might serve as a model system which could be developed to precisely categorize patient NHL.
Long-term remission of recurrent parvovirus-B associated anemia in a renal transplant recipient induced by treatment with immunoglobulin and positive seroconversion.

Parvovirus B-19 (PVB)-related recurrent anemia is reported in a renal transplant recipient with long-term remission induced by intravenous immunoglobulin and decreasing immunosuppression. Positive plasma polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and intense bone marrow infection were present at diagnosis, despite the absence of serum immunoglobulin IgG and IgM antibodies to the virus. Seroconversion against the virus was followed by long-term remission while the plasma PCR for PVB remained positive. This case illustrates the absence of serum antibodies in an immunosuppressed host despite florid infection with the virus. Positive seroconversion in a naive subject is associated with long-term remission even in the presence of detectable viral DNA copies in the plasma.
Metabolic actions of tyramine and McNeil-A-343 in euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats.

Abstract Chronic administration of thyroxine to rats produced an elevation in myocardial phosphorylase a activity, and increased heart weight/body weight ratio, cardiac rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Both tyramine and McNeil-A-343 caused a rise in heart phosphorylase a activity in euthyroid rats. In rats pretreated with thyroxine, the increase in enzyme activity caused by tyramine was similar to that obtained in euthyroid animals. An analysis of variance over the entire dose range of tyramine showed that the elevation in cardiac phosphorylase a observed in thyrotoxic animals was not significantly different from controls. It was concluded that thyroxine does not potentiate the stimulatory action of McNeil-A-343 or tyramine on cardiac phosphorylase a activity.
Public Confidence in Education: Who Has Responsibility for Leadership?

A survey of principals in the Southwest shows what they are and are not doing to build the public's confidence in their schools. The need for inservice training in a variety of public relations activities is implied.
Electrode studies of hydrogen sulfide in marine sediments

Abstract An electrode has been prepared and applied to the measurement and detection of hydrogen sulfide in natural sediments and in laboratory experiments. When properly calibrated, the silver-silver sulfide electrode used in conjunction with platinum and glass electrodes can be used to determine equilibrium activities of dissolved sulfide and polysulfide species, as well as the partial pressure of H2S. The potential of the electrode is a direct function of the logarithm of the activity of sulfide ion. To demonstrate the usefulness of the silver-silver sulfide electrode, an experimental study of bacterial sulfate reduction has been conducted. The process of H2S formation by sulfate-reducing bacteria can be followed with the electrode. Through use of the platinum and silver-silver sulfide electrodes, it has been discovered that the Eh of many sediments containing H2S is controlled by the reversible half-cell: HS aq. − i > ag S rhmb. 0 + H aq. + + 2e which is equivalent to the half-cell: S aq. 2− i > ag S rhmb. 0 + 2e Many additional sediments should be found where this Eh controlling mechanism operates.
Exposure monitoring system for day-long vibration and palm force measurements

A small, highly portable data-logging system, including a palm-mounted adapter containing an accelerometer and a force sensor, was developed to record user-specific tool-operating times, hand-transmitted vibration, and palm forces throughout all, or a representative part, of an 8-h workday. The microprocessor-based device has proved to be cost-effective, robust, and flexible and can be applied across a wide range of occupations and occupational settings involving exposures to vibration.
The molecular control of upper extremity development: Implications for congenital hand anomalies

As the molecular aspects of limb development are being unraveled, more of the congenital anomalies seen by hand surgeons in the clinical setting will have an identifiable molecular basis. The majority of the data available regarding the molecular development of the upper extremity have come from experimental animal studies, specifically the mouse and chicken. These findings are being discovered by either direct surgical and molecular manipulation of the developing limb or by production of mice deficient in specific genes. Relatively few specific human mutations that cause limb abnormalities have been identified. Hand surgeons should be aware of the basic molecular pathways controlling limb development because they are in a unique position to be able to identify patients with such deformities. In turn, detailed clinical descriptions of congenital anomalies affecting the upper extremity will advance the understanding of the cellular events controlled by the molecular pathways of limb development. This review describes the general molecular basis of limb development and correlates it with disease processes affecting the upper extremity.
Strain‐Based In Situ Study of Anion and Cation Insertion into Porous Carbon Electrodes with Different Pore Sizes

Dr. J. M. Black, Dr. S. V. Kalinin, Dr. N. BalkeCenter for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge , TN 37831 , USAE-mail: balken@ornl.gov Dr. G. Feng, Prof. P. T. CummingsChemical & Biomolecular Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville , TN 37235 , USAE-mail: guang.feng@vanderbilt.edu Dr. P. F. Fulvio, Dr. P. C. Hillesheim, Prof. S. DaiChemical Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge , TN 37831 , USA Prof. S. DaiDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville , TN 37996 , USA Prof. Gogotsi. YDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute Drexel University Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
A DFT proton affinity study of vinyl and allyl anions of cyclic vinyl ethers and cycloalkenes

Abstract Proton affinities of vinyl and allyl anions of cyclic vinyl ethers and cycloalkenes obtained at the B3PW91 level with Davidson's modification of basis set aug-cc-pVDZ are presented to further explore deprotonation reactions of cyclic vinyl ethers. The presence of an oxygen atom α to a vinyl anion has a clear acidifying effect. Relative proton affinities for 2,3-dihydrofuran and 2,3-dihydrooxepin are consistent with experimental results; however this is not the case for 2,3-dihydro-4 H -pyran and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrooxepin. Although gas-phase proton affinities may help to explain deprotonation of cyclic vinyl ethers with some alkyllithium reagents in solution, it clearly cannot be the only contributor. Other factors to consider include solvation, aggregation, and relative transition state energies.
Can Prevention Programs Work Together? An Example of School-based Mental Health with Prevention Initiatives

Personnel addressing mental health in schools are required to provide supports in settings that have decreasing resources and multiple initiatives. While competing initiatives in schools can pose problems, integration of prevention systems and data may lead to more efficient supports and effective outcomes. Mental health service providers must consider how integration of schoolwide initiatives such as positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS), response to intervention (RTI), and social and emotional learning (SEL) can improve their work. This article provides an example showing varying levels of integration of schoolwide models in one state. It will include the level of integration of schoolwide supports with school-based mental health (SBMH), the relationship between integration of schoolwide practices and reported implementation, and the relationship between schoolwide practices and outcome data related to SBMH. Suggestions for integrating models effectively and using data to improve collabora...
THE DRUG THERAPY OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS

Irregularity of the heart beat is observed usually in association with organic cardiac disease but occurs not infrequently as a functional disturbance in the absence of structural lesions. It is due either to faulty initiation of the cardiac impulse or to its defective conduction through the heart. The arrhythmia may be transient or permanent. Effective treatment depends primarily on recognition of the cause. Drug therapy often brings about marked clinical improvement and, on occasion, may save life. The use of medicinal remedies is not indicated in every disorder of rhythm or under all circumstances. For example, sinus irregularity, often marked in children, is of no pathologic significance. Premature contractions due to tobacco disappear when smoking is stopped. Auricular fibrillation, occurring in the course of hyperthyroidism, may terminate spontaneously after subtotal thyroidectomy. Five of the more important arrhythmias have been chosen for consideration because in each, as a rule, appropriate treatment
Parameter Sensitivity Study of a Statistical Technique for Fast Infill Evaluation of Mature Tight-Gas Reservoirs

With the increasing demand for natural gas and higher prices, more and more gas basins within North America are undergoing infill drilling. It is not uncommon for a company to have hundreds or thousands of infill candidates to choose from. But quantifying the drilling or recompletion potential in large producing gas basins is often a challenging problem, due to large variability in rock quality, well spacing, and well completion practices, and the large number of wells involved. Complete integrated reservoir studies to determine infill potential are often too time consuming and costly for many large tight gas basins. In previous work, we evaluated the accuracy of a statistical moving-window technique that had been used in mature tight gas formations to assess infill and recompletion potential. We compared the moving window infill well predictions to those from reservoir simulation. Results indicated the technique accurately predicts the combined infill production estimate from a group of infill candidates, often to within 10%. Here, we report on a reservoir parameter sensitivity study and show that the accuracy of predicted infill performance decreases as heterogeneity increases and increases as the number of wells in the project increases. Also, the search area and well spacing have a large effect on the accuracy of estimates from the statistical method. Because of its speed, accuracy, and reliance upon readily available data, however, the statistical technique can be a useful screening tool for large infill development projects.
Interaction of poly(L-lysine) and copolymers of lysine with immobilized DNA.

Abstract Sonicated DNA has been covalently attached to Sepharose 4B by a carbodiimide method [Rickwood, P. (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta269, 47–50] which minimizes modification of the DNA and matrix. Columns of this material have been used to study the interaction between cationic polypeptides and DNA. When poly( l -lysine) is bound to such columns at low ionic strength and then eluted with a linear salt gradient the polypeptide elutes over a broad range of salt concentration, presumably reflecting different strengths of interaction with various sites on the DNA. The broadness of the elution profile cannot be attributed to heterogeneity in the poly( l -lysine) sample but rather to the AT GC content of various DNA sites. Studies with other polypeptides, poly( l -Lys79, l -Leu21) and poly-( l -Lys- l -Ala-Gly), as well as studies at different temperatures, have helped to clarify the possible roles of conformational mobility, polypeptide hydrophobicity, and the presence of contiguous lysines in determining the strength of interaction of polypeptides and proteins with DNA sites.
Retrograde Amnesia Produced by Electroconvulsive Shock after Reactivation of a Consolidated Memory Trace

Rats had a memory loss of a fear response when they received an electroconvulsive shock 24 hours after the fear-conditioning trial and preceded by a brief presentation of the conditioned stimulus. No such loss occurred when the conditioned stimulus was not presented. The memory loss in animals given electroconvulsive shock 24 hours after conditioning was, furthermore, as great as that displayed in animals given electroconvulsive shock immediately after conditioning. This result throws doubt on the assertion that electroconvulsive shock exerts a selective amnesic effect on recently acquired memories and thus that electroconvulsive shock produces amnesia solely through interference with memory trace consolidation.
Optimization of GC/FT-IR Measurements II: Optical Design

Several optical designs for GC/FT-IR have been investigated. It was found that reflection losses occurring in the light-pipe cause the solid angle of the emerging beam to be much smaller than that of the input beam. This property permits a very small image at the detector to be achieved since the collection mirror may be mounted well away from the end of the light-pipe. With an optical configuration of this sort, the effect of radiation emitted from the light-pipe saturating the response of the detector is also minimized.
Magnetic properties: Probing buried interfaces.

The strength of the magnetic exchange interaction at the buried interface between a magnetic film and a substrate can be measured using spin-polarized electrons scattered from the top surface of the film.
Multitask Classification by Learning the Task Relevance

We consider the problem of multitask learning (MTL), in which we simultaneously learn classifiers for multiple data sets (tasks), with sharing of intertask data as appropriate. We introduce a set of relevance parameters that control the degree to which data from other tasks are used in estimating the current task's classifier parameters. The set of relevance parameters are learned by maximizing their posterior probability, yielding an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach through experimental results on a practical data set.
Relative Importance Measurement of the Moral Intensity Dimensions

The relative importance of the Jones’ [Jones, T. M.: 1991, Academy of Management Review16(2), 366–395] six components of moral intensity was measured using a conjoint experimental design. The most important components influencing ethical perceptions were: probability of effect, magnitude of consequences, and temporal immediacy. Contrary to previous research, overall social consensus was not an important factor. However, consumers exhibit distinctly different patterns in ethical evaluation, and for approximately 15% of respondents social consensus was the most important dimension.
A VHDL synthesis framework

We present a high level synthesis framework which guides the designer in devising design methodologies. The framework supports backtracking and parallel exploration of alternative methodologies. Encoded knowledge assists the designer in selecting methodologies and tools, while designers retain control during synthesis process. The framework facilitates maintainability and extendibility as new tools and methodologies are developed. >
Low Count Anomaly Detection at Large Standoff Distances

Searching for hidden illicit sources of gamma radiation in an urban environment is difficult. Background radiation profiles are variable and cluttered with transient acquisitions from naturally occurring radioactive materials and medical isotopes. Potentially threatening sources likely will be nearly hidden in this noise and encountered at high standoff distances and low threat count rates. We discuss an anomaly detection algorithm that characterizes low count sources as threatening or non-threatening and operates well in the presence of high benign source variability. We discuss the algorithm parameters needed to reliably find sources both close to the detector and far away from it. These parameters include the cutoff frequencies of background tracking filters and the integration time of the spectrometer. This work is part of the development of the Standoff Radiation Imaging System (SORIS) as part of DNDO's Standoff Radiation Detection System Advanced Technology Demonstration (SORDS-ATD) program.
Characterization of digital waveforms using thermodynamic analogs: detection of contrast-targeted tissue in vivo

We describe characterization of backscatter from tumor tissue targeted with a nanoparticle-based ultrasound contrast agent in vivo using analogs of thermodynamic quantities. We apply these waveform characteristics to detection of tumor neovasculature in tumors implanted in athymic nude mice, which were imaged using a research ultrasound scanner over a 2-hour period after injection of alphanubeta3-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles. Images were constructed from backscattered ultrasound using two different approaches: fundamental B-mode imaging and a signal receiver based on a thermodynamic analog (Hc). The study shows that the thermodynamic analog is capable of detecting differences in backscattered signals that are not apparent with the B-mode approach