cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Technology Assurance For Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI)/VHSIC Custom Devices

Criteria and procedures that provide assurance as to a manufacturer's ability to provide functionally reproducible and reliable devices are desirable prior to user commitment to the design of a custom device. Additions and modifications to current practices are necessary when procurement of small batches of high-density, custom microelectronic devices are anticipated. This paper analyzes the problems that may be encountered with emerging VLSI/VHSIC technologies and describes a method that, if implemented, could minimize costs and adverse schedule impact to the user.
Home Safety Practices in an Urban Low-Income Population: Level of Agreement Between Parental Self-Report and Observed Behaviors

Home-related injuries are overrepresented in children from low-income households. The objectives of this study were to determine frequencies of home safety behaviors and the level of agreement between parental self-report and observed safety practices in low-income homes. In a prospective, interventional home injury prevention study of 49 low-income families with children <5 years old, a trained home visitor administered baseline parental home safety behavior questionnaires and assessments. There was high agreement between caregiver self-report and home visitor observation for lack of cabinet latch (99%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 88%-99%) and stair gate use (100%, 95% CI = 88-100%). There was lower agreement for the safe storage of cleaning supplies (62%, 95% CI = 46%-75%), sharps (74%, 95% CI = 59%-85%), and medicines/vitamins (83%, 95% CI = 69%-92%) because of the overreporting of safe practices. Self-reports of some home safety behaviors are relatively accurate, but certain practices may need to b...
The Safety in Unsafe Teams A Multilevel Approach to Team Psychological Safety

Starting with the premise that subteam psychological safety (PS) microclimates are vitally important to team behavior yet invisible to team-level PS concepts and measures, we introduce a multilevel theory and model of PS within work teams. We first demonstrate the inevitability and influence of distinct PS microclimates in teams and highlight the limits of current team PS approaches, and then develop a multilevel PS theory using social network methods. We introduce multilevel PS measures and theorize their influence on specific aspects of team and subteam learning and performance outcomes. These include new applications of traditional network metrics (e.g., team PS density, member-only PS density, subteam PS density, and leader PS centrality) and a newly developed multilevel team PS index (mPSi). The mPSi measure synthesizes multilevel leader and member PS influences in a single number to better predict outcomes in teams that engage in multilevel (subteam and intact-team) activity to meet work demands. We...
Recent evolution of the mutation rate and spectrum in Europeans

As humans dispersed out of Africa, they adapted to new environmental challenges including changes in exposure to mutagenic solar radiation. This raises the possibility that different populations experienced different selective pressures affecting genome integrity. Prior work has uncovered some evidence for local adaption of eQTLs that regulate the DNA damage response, as well as indications that the human mutation rate per year may have changed at least 2-fold since we shared a common ancestor with chimpanzees. Here, I present evidence that the rate of a particular mutation type has recently increased in the European lineage, rising in frequency by 50% during the 40,000?80,000 years since Europeans diverged from Asians. A comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) private to Africa, Asia, and Europe in the 1000 Genomes data reveals that private European variation is enriched for the transition 5?-TCC-3?→5?-TTC-3?. Although it is not clear whether UV played a causal role in the changing the European mutational spectrum, 5?-TCC-3?→5?-TTC-3? is known to be the most common somatic mutation present in melanoma skin cancers, as well as the mutation most frequently induced in vitro by UV. Regardless of its causality, this change indicates that DNA replication fidelity has not remained stable even since the origin of modern humans and might have changed numerous times during our recent evolutionary history.
Implementing RTI in a High School: A Case Study

This case study chronicles the efforts of a small high school over a 2-year period as it designed an implemented a response to intervention (RTI) program for students at the school. Their efforts were largely successful, with improved achievement, attendance, and grade point averages and a decrease in special education referrals. Major themes include the need to focus on quality core instruction as a means for preventing school failure, adopting a schoolwide approach, and developing curriculum-based assessments that make intervention meaningful.
Does Double Jeopardy Help Defendants

Double Jeopardy has a long history in Anglo-American jurisprudence, but there has been little analysis of it from a functional perspective. This paper begins to address this gap by examining the incentive effects of the asymmetric appeal rights attached to Double Jeopardy. By this I mean the fact that in the US the defendant can appeal convictions, but the prosecution has highly attenuated rights to appeal acquittals. On first blush this rule seems like it must unambiguously benefit defendants, but the critical question for this paper is how does it benefit defendants. The most common response is that the rule benefits defendants because it prevents the government from trying to overturn initial trial acquittals on appeal (thereby preventing false convictions from appeals) and saves the defendant from having to bear the costs of these appeals. However, I argue that the effects of asymmetric appeal rights are, on closer inspection, considerably more complex than they might appear at first blush. Indeed, the primary conclusion of this paper is that we may need to consider other justifications for asymmetric appeal rights besides error costs and litigation costs. In particular, my analysis suggests that reducing false convictions is not the only effect of asymmetric appeal rights. Asymmetric appeal rights, which give the prosecution only one shot at obtaining a conviction (i.e., the initial trial), may induce the prosecution to spend even more in the initial trial than would be the case if appeal rights were symmetric. Such increased spending may, in some situations, increase (rather than decrease) the chance of a false conviction. In addition, increased prosecutorial spending in the initial trial might, in some situations, result in an increase in total litigation costs and an increase in the defendant's litigation costs. Asymmetric appeal rights then have effects that might both increase and decrease trial errors and litigation costs. Thus, it is difficult to say, in the abstract, that asymmetric appeal rights unambiguously reduce false convictions or the defendant's litigation costs. Furthermore, there are reasons for thinking that the effects are likely to be quite small in any event. In light of this, we need to focus on other justifications for asymmetric appeal rights, such as constraining self-interested prosecutors or constraining politically motivated or targeted prosecutions and their costs, before concluding that asymmetric appeal rights help, or how they might help, defendants.
Phenomenological issues in the determination of ΔΓD

Abstract We consider the issue of determining the D 0 – D 0 width difference ΔΓ D experimentally. The current situation is reviewed and suggestions for further study are given. We propose a number of D 0 decay modes in addition to those studied in the recent E791, FOCUS and BELLE lifetime determination experiments. Then we address prospects for determining CF-CDS strong phase differences, like δ Kπ which appears in the CLEO study of D 0 → K + π − transitions. We show how to extract δ K ∗ π with CDS data and furthermore show when D → K L π data becomes available that δ Kπ can also be obtained.
Multilayer thin film thickness determination with variable exit angle ultrasoft x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

Description de la methode theorique. L'approche theorique est basee sur le rapport de l'intensite de la couche a celle de l'etalon interne ou externe ou a celle d'une autre couche de l'echantillon. Presentation de resultats experimentaux sur des multicouches Fe-Ni
On the accuracy of statistical procedures in microsoft Excel 2000 and Excel XP

The problems that rendered Excel 97 unfit for use as a statistical package have not been fixed in either Excel 2000 or Excel 2002 (also called "Excel XP"). Microsoft attempted to fix errors in the standard normal random number generator and the inverse normal function, and in the former case actually made the problem worse.
American chestnut (Castanea dentata) to northern red oak (Quercus rubra): forest dynamics of an old-growth forest in the Blue Ridge Mountains, USA

We analyzed tree species composition and age structure in a rare, old-growth Quercus rubra L. (northern red oak) forest at Bluff Mountain Preserve, North Carolina, to assess potential changes associated with Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr (chestnut blight), selective logging, livestock grazing, ice storms, wind events, and fire history. We established forest inventory plots to determine the forest composition, vertical structure, and age of the high- elevation Q. rubra dominated forest. We developed the longest Q. rubra dendroecological history (1671-2009) in North America. Several living Q. rubra individuals were more than 250 years old. The frequency, magnitude, and spatial extent of canopy disturbance events were shown in radial growth trends in Q. rubra samples. We also examined Q. rubra climate - radial growth relationships to compare high-elevation Q. rubra climate response patterns with results from lower elevation Quercus dendroclimatological studies. Stand-wide release events corresponded with the loss of Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. (American chestnut) during the 1930s and frequent ice storms or wind events. Although we observed fire scars on living hardwood trees, we did not find fire scars on the remnant logs. The lack of fire scars on the remnant logs indicates that the observed fires likely occurred during the second half of the 20th century. Quercus rubra were most climatically sensitive to cool March temperatures. Quercus rubra sampled at higher elevations were more sensitive to temperature than lower elevation Quercus spp. trees, which may indicate higher sensitivity to March frosts. Quercus rubra has been a dominant species at Bluff Mountain for the past 300 years; however, our data indicate that the forest will transition to support a much stronger Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple) component during the next 50 years. This study provides a multicentury perspective to guide conservation efforts and forest management in high-elevation Quercus spp. forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Resume : L'auteur a analyse la composition en especes ligneuses et la structure de l'âge dans une rare foret surannee de Quercus rubra L. (chene rouge du nord) dans la reserve de Bluff Mountain, en Caroline du Nord, dans le but d'evaluer les
Interaction between Ciprofloxacin and Rifampin

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the necessity of dose adjustment for ciprofloxacin or rifampin during their concurrent use.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search (1966–December 1998) was completed using key terms rifampin and fluoroquinolone. English-language journals were considered.DATA SYNTHESIS:Studies in elderly patients after 14 days of therapy with oral ciprofloxacin and rifampin did not demonstrate significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin as compared with those in patients receiving ciprofloxacin alone. Similar results were found in intravenous drug abusers. In comparison to the pharmacokinetics of both ciprofloxacin and rifampin when given alone, the serum bactericidal activity of rifampin, when given with ciprofloxacin in healthy elderly volunteers, was reduced but still evident. Ciprofloxacin pharmacodynamics were not significantly altered. Serum bacterial titers of ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin increased twofold when given with rifampin, although their clinical significance is unknown.RECOM...
Regarding brain structure characteristics in intellectually superior schizophrenia.

To the Editors: The recent article by Vaskinn et al. (2015), “Brain structure characteristics in intellectually superior schizophrenia,” covers an important area of research. In addition, the article is well written. It would be important, however, for the authors to provide more information and commentary about the analyses before conclusions can be drawn about structural brain differences and IQ in schizophrenia.
Travel Vaccines and Elderly Persons: Review of Vaccines Available in the United States

Aging is associated with alterations in immune responses and may lead to clinically significant changes in the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of certain vaccines. This review summarizes published data regarding the effects of age on responses after immunization with vaccines generally administered before travel. The specific vaccines discussed in detail include hepatitis A, typhoid, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and rabies vaccines. There is some evidence of diminished serological responses to hepatitis A and rabies vaccines in older individuals. In addition, increased toxic effects following yellow fever vaccination in elderly recipients have recently been reported. However, many travel-related vaccines have never been studied specifically in elderly populations. Consideration of potential age-related differences in responses to travel vaccines is becoming increasingly important as elderly persons more frequently venture to exotic destinations.
Synthesis of 3D virtual auditory space via a spatial feature extraction and regularization model

A functional representation for head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) is desirable as it overcomes many of the limitations associated with use of measured HRTFs. It provides a continuous representation of auditory space, such that the synthesis of HRTF at any given spatial location can be performed by functional evaluation of the model. Such a model that establishes a mathematical representation of the external ear transformation characteristics based on spatial feature extraction and regularization is proposed. >
Data-driven parallel production systems: a macro actor/token implementation

The importance of production systems in artificial intelligence has been repeatedly demonstrated by a number of expert systems. Much effort has therefore been expended on finding an efficient processing mechanism for processing production systems. Variable resolution actors called macro actors (a processing mechanism for production systems) are studied. A macro token, which is a collection of primitive data tokens, is introduced as a companion to macro actors. An approach to obtaining medium-grain parallelism, called macro actors tokens, is investigated. A set of guidelines is identified in the contest of production systems to derive well-formed macro actors from primitive macro actors. Parallel pattern matching is written in macro actors/tokens to be executed on a macro dataflow simulator. Simulation results demonstrate that the macro approach can be an efficient implementation of the production system paradigm. >
The effect of weather on mood, productivity, and frequency of emotional crisis in a temperate continental climate.

A group of 62 mostly university student subjects kept structured diaries of their feelings and their productivity for six weeks in Illinois in early autumn. During the same period, daily frequency of telephone calls to a crisis intervention service in the same community was monitored, and complete daily weather data for the vicinity were provided by a local meteorological research facility. Major findings are as follows. The weather appears to influence mood and productivity, but only to a smallextent compared with the aggregate of all other controlling factors. Males show a relatively stronger effect than females. Psychologically troubled people generally appear to be more affected by weather than university students. The students and the crisis intervention service clients with “mild” problems tend to be stressed more when the weather is unstable, cloudy, warm and humid, and least stressed during sunny, dry, cool weather with rising barometric pressure. The crisis service clients with “severe” problems react oppositely to these two weather types. The meaning of these and other results and the strengths and weaknesses of this study's design are discussed.
Resistance of High-Level Waste Materials to Dissolution in Aqueous Media

Results from the studies of the rate of destruction by aqueous media of proposed barrier materials as well as the rate of leaching from proposed matrix materials are reported. A neutron activation analysis technique has been used exclusively for these measurements. Modest thicknesses of barrier material are adequate for “thousand year” security against water intrusion. The effect of temperature on the leach rate of the glass matrices studied is shown to be the predominant variable associated with the leaching medium. Conclusions based on the observed results are drawn.
Seryozha's Education.

This is discussion of one of Leo Tolstoy’s fictional dramatisations of aggressive but dull-witted pedagogy. In Anna Karenina, two adults badger a lively, deep-souled, active-minded boy, Anna’s son Seryozha, to learn his rote-lessons.
Synthesis of Platinum and Titanium Polyamino Acids

The synthesis of titanium and platinum II polyamino acids is described. The titanium products are derived through a condensation process with the products being high polymers for all but monopeptides. The platinum products are synthesized through a coordination process with chain lengths varying from low to high. The basic polymer structures are shown below.
Relative Effects of Isokinetic and Plyometric Training on Vertical Jumping Performance

Abstract Forty-eight volunteer males were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group I trained with isokinetic exercises, Group II trained with plyometric exercises, and Group III was the control. Subjects in the training groups trained three times per week for 8 weeks. The isokinetic group performed three sets of 10 repetitions per set of leg presses each training session. The plyometric group performed three sets of 10 repetitions per set of depth jumps from a height of 34 inches, with added resistance beginning with weeks 3, 5, and 7 of 10, 15, and 20 pounds, respectively. Prior to and at the end of the training period, all subjects were given a vertical jump-and-reach test. Covariance analysis was used to compare posttest scores with the effect of pretest differences removed. Results showed both training groups improved significantly in vertical jump capacity; however, no significant difference existed between training groups.
An Automatized Method for Human-Operator Error Analysis

A method of describing and analyzing of causes for human-operator error is proposed. This method is based on causal analysis, theory of frames and modal logic, and essentially different from commonly used statistical means. Unlike routine methods this one facilitates an analysis operator's characteristics and the situation in which the error occurred. The method makes it possible for every error to reveal its intrinsic sources, which can be used for making recommendations concerning their elimination. On the basis of the suggested method, a computer-aided system SAFE was developed which was implemented in aviation to analyze errors of pilots / crew members and air traffic controllers. The proposed methodology and the associated software may be implemented for the analysis of operator errors in any control system.
C-shaped diastereomers containing cofacial thiophene-substituted quinoxaline rings: synthesis, photophysical properties, and X-ray crystallography.

Synthesis and characterization of two diastereomeric C-shaped molecules containing cofacial thiophene-substituted quinoxaline rings are described. A previously known bis-α-diketone was condensed with an excess of 4-bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene in the presence of zinc acetate to give a mixture of two C-shaped diastereomers with cofacial bromine-substituted quinoxaline rings. After chromatographic separation, thiophene rings were installed by a microwave-assisted Suzuki coupling reaction, resulting in highly emissive diastereomeric compounds that were studied by UV–vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy, as well as X-ray crystallography. The unique symmetry of each diastereomer was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. NMR data indicated that the syn isomer has restricted rotation about the bond connecting the thiophene and quinoxaline rings, which was also observed in the solid state. The spectroscopic properties of the C-shaped diastereomers were compared to a model compound containing only a single thiophene-subst...
Developing Library GIS Services for Humanities and Social Science: An Action Research Approach

In the academic libraries’ efforts to support digital humanities and social science, GIS service plays an important role. However, there is no general service model existing about how libraries can develop GIS services to best engage with digital humanities and social science. In this study, we adopted the action research method to develop and improve our service model. Our results suggested that a library’s GIS service can support humanities and social science from the research collaboration, learning support, and outreach perspectives, with different focuses according to the stages of learning and research. The research framework adopted in this study not only can serve as an efficient tool for developing GIS services but also can be expanded to other library service areas.
Microbiology: The dark side of antibiotics

Interactions in the gut between host cells and bacteria can determine a state of health or disease. A study investigates how antibiotic treatment can affect host cells in a way that drives growth of pathogenic bacteria. See Letter p.697
Mircea Eliade: Some Theoretical Problems

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze critically the notion of ‘myth’ as it occurs in the thought of the historian of religion, Mircea Eliade. Because the study of myth is subsumed in Professor Eliade’s study of religions, it will be necessary first to explain how the general methodology of Eliade’s peculiar approach to the study of religions hangs together, before we can fully appreciate the character of his concept of myth.
Perspectives: Why New Programming Languages for Simulation?

Writing highly performant simulations requires a lot of human effort to optimize for an increasingly diverse set of hardware platforms, such as multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and distributed machines. Since these optimizations cut across both the design of geometric data structures and numerical linear algebra, code reusability and portability is frequently sacrificed for performance.We believe the key to make simulation programmers more productive at developing portable and performant code is to introduce new linguistic abstractions, as in rendering and image processing. In this perspective, we distill the core ideas from our two languages, Ebb and Simit, that are published in this journal.
Karyotypic abnormalities associated with Epstein-Barr virus status in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is morphologically characterized by scattered malignant Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells that are far outnumbered by surrounding reactive hematolymphoid cells. Approximately half of all cases of CHL are associated with infection by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), an oncogenic herpesvirus that expresses a number of proteins thought to contribute to transformation. While a small number of published studies have attempted to identify recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in CHL, no large case series have explored karyotypic differences between EBV-positive and EBV-negative tumors. Here, we report a two-institution retrospective investigation of cytogenetic features characterizing CHL. In our cohort, cases of EBV-negative CHL were characterized by more complex routine karyotypes than their EBV-positive counterparts (24.6 versus 15.6 independent aberrations per case, P = 0.009). The increased complexity of EBV-negative cases was driven by a number of features suggestive of genomic instability, including a larger number of independent chromosomal breakpoints (P = 0.03) and apparently aneuploid autosomes (P = 0.008). Compelling but nonsignificant trends also suggest a larger modal number and increased marker chromosomes in EBV-negative cases (P = 0.13 and 0.06, respectively). While some of these differences are related to histologic subtype, others appear independent of histology. Finally, a significant subset of EBV-positive tumors has a surprisingly simple karyotype relative to what is normally seen in CHL, an observation suggesting considerable biological and genetic diversity in this disease.
Double Deference in Administrative Law

Administrative law presumes a neat system of agency rulemaking and adjudication followed by judicial review. But the reality of the administrative state departs starkly from this model. One such departure is the use of audited self-regulatory organizations (SROs) -- private organizations comprised of specific industries that formulate binding law to regulate themselves. Although SROs operate subject to the oversight of federal agencies, their power is vast, reaching significant swaths of the national and international economies. There is little to constitutionally constrain such arrangements, and whereas the administrative law model values the norms of participation, deliberation, and transparency, the procedures used by SROs depart from these norms in important ways. Moreover, oversight agencies are deferential to SROs, and courts in turn are deferential to the oversight agencies. This doubling of deference both undermines accountability and fails to adequately guard against arbitrariness. This Article brings a much-needed administrative law lens to SROs, providing both a positive and theoretical account of SROs and exposing flaws in the model. To better ameliorate these concerns, this Article illustrates how existing administrative law can more comprehensively account for SROs and offers a series of institutional design considerations for furthering administrative law norms in the future.
Activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the rat dorsomedial hypothalamus inhibits stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

AbstractAcute activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to the release of corticosteroid hormones into the circulation, is an adaptive response to perceived threats. Persistent activation of the HPA axis can lead to impaired physiological or behavioral function with maladaptive consequences. Thus, efficient control and termination of stress responses is essential for well-being. However, inhibitory control mechanisms governing the HPA axis are poorly understood. Previous studies suggest that serotonergic systems, acting within the medial hypothalamus, play an important role in inhibitory control of stress-induced HPA axis activity. To test this hypothesis, we surgically implanted chronic jugular cannulae in adult male rats and conducted bilateral microinjection of vehicle or the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT; 8 nmol, 0.2 μL, 0.1 μL/min, per side) into the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) immediately prior to a 40 min perio...
Benefit-Cost Analysis and Public Resource Development

Decisions by the government regarding resource development are essentially political rather than economic. Benefit-cost analysis requires quantification both in physical and economic terms. Quantifying in economic terms involves evaluating on the basis of a common denominator or weight. Benefit cost analysis tends to hold public resource development at a lower level than is desirable. Therefore, instead of benefit-cost analysis, some feel that the political process should be relied upon. The necessity of quantifying in terms of money is frequently pointed out as a weakness of benefit-cost analysis. The chapter presents the problem of indirect benefits and costs. Most indirect benefits and costs considered in benefit-cost analysis are evaluated in the market place. Identification of secondary net benefits in industry or regional accounts stimulates a better understanding of regional effects of public resource development. The chapter considers the other major class of secondary benefits, namely, those from an expansion of economic activity "induced by" the public project.
A New Chapter for Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Many clinical outcomes have improved over the past two decades for people living with diabetes.1 However, relatively little progress has been made in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Among adults with diabetes in the United States, the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease has remained steady, near 26%,2 and, depending on the data source, rates of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have either remained stable or decreased only slightly.1 Why has diabetic kidney disease proved so difficult to prevent and treat? In part, the successes of preventing atherosclerotic complications and prolonging life mean that people with diabetes are exposed to longer . . .
Liposomal Delivery of Diacylglycerol Lipase-Beta Inhibitors to Macrophages Dramatically Enhances Selectivity and Efficacy in Vivo

Diacylglycerol lipase-beta (DAGLβ) hydrolyzes arachidonic acid (AA)-containing diacylglycerols to produce bioactive lipids including endocannabinoids and AA-derived eicosanoids involved in regulation of inflammatory signaling. Previously, we demonstrated that DAGLβ inactivation using the triazole urea inhibitor KT109 blocked macrophage inflammatory signaling and reversed allodynic responses of mice in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Here, we tested whether we could exploit the phagocytic capacity of macrophages to localize delivery of DAGLβ inhibitors to these cells in vivo using liposome encapsulated KT109. We used DAGLβ-tailored activity-based probes and chemical proteomic methods to measure potency and selectivity of liposomal KT109 in macrophages and tissues from treated mice. Surprisingly, delivery of ∼5 μg of liposomal KT109 was sufficient to achieve ∼80% inactivation of DAGLβ in macrophages with no apparent activity in other tissues in vivo. Our macrophage-targeted delivery resulted in a ...
DNA-drug binding and control of genetic information.

It is generally accepted that the coding problem in molecular genetics has been solved—that is, that we understand the manner in which a particular amino acid sequence is coded within the progression of bases along DNA, and how the information present in the DNA is transcribed and used to assemble the polypeptide chain. Many experimental details remain to be cleared up, but the fundamental concept of triplet codons and a genetic code is well established.
Medical Students’ Perceptions on the Role of Pharmacists:

Background:Over the last decade, the pharmacists’ role in health-care services has evolved and expanded to include more direct patient care and disease management services.Objective:To evaluate med...
Extracting substation cyber-physical architecture through intelligent electronic devices' data

Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) are widely used in power systems and result in diverse heterogeneous cyber-physical architectures. A scalable and fast way of accessing these IEDs and automatically extracting substation cyber-physical architecture for power systems from the data would benefit engineering design, power system analysis, security analysis, and cyber-physical security analysis. This paper presents a framework of automated cyber-physical architecture extraction and management. The proposed system will greatly reduce the time and human effort on extracting the cyber-physical architecture. This feature provides new capabilities for power system contingency analysis, cyber-physical security analysis, network connectivity examination, and improved intra- and inter-organizational event planning, preparation, and response capabilities.
Strategic Maritime Chokepoints: Perspectives from the Global Shipping and Port Sectors

Strategic chokepoints are geographic constraints shaping sea routes and the global shipping industry and, therefore, create numerous business opportunities for those industries that support global shipping, including port operations, ship repair, bunkering, and ship brokering and chartering. Global shipping companies do not view maritime chokepoints as strategically important but rather as simply a geographic reality. In contrast, global port operators, bunkerers, ship repairers, and ship brokers and charterers view having a physical presence at maritime chokepoints as a competitive advantage because such waterways create a geographic concentration of global shipping. This chapter examines the importance of Eurasia’s southern maritime avenues through three case studies—the Malacca Straits, the Suez Canal, and the Strait of Gibraltar—and concludes with an analysis of why strategic chokepoints are important to certain maritime industries but not others.
Assessing the Impact of Reference Assistance and Library Instruction on Retention and Grades Using Student Tracking Technology

Abstract Objective – To assess the impact of community college academic librarians upon student retention and grades through reference desk visits and attendance in library instruction classes. Methods – Student ID data used for this research was collected from students that visited the reference desk to consult about a course-related question or attended a library instruction class for a specific course. After consenting to share their student ID number, the students’ IDs were scanned and uploaded to a Blackboard Analytics data warehouse. A Pyramid Analytics reporting tool was used to query and extract student-level retention and grade data based upon whether the student had visited the reference desk or attended a library instruction class. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to discern any statistical difference in retention rates and grades between students that engaged a librarian through reference or instruction and the general student population. Results – When comparing fall-to-fall retention for all degree-seeking students, students that visited the reference desk or attended a library instruction class had a statistically higher rate of retention. When comparing fall-to-fall retention within low-retention student cohorts, students that visited the reference desk or attended a library instruction class had higher rates of retention among all low-retention cohorts. Eight of 10 cohorts were statistically higher for library instruction and 6 of 10 cohorts were statistically higher for reference visits. With respect to course grades, only 1 of 5 high enrollment courses showed a higher grade average for students that attended a library instruction class. None of the differences in average grades between students that attended a library instruction class and all students in the five courses were statistically significant. For the impact of a reference visit upon a course grade, all five courses showed a higher average grade average for students that visited the reference desk for a question related to their course than all students in the course. Four of the 5 differences were statistically significant. Conclusions – The data collected by systematically tracking students that interact with community college librarians suggests that reference desk visits and attendance of library instruction classes both have a positive, statistically significant impact upon student retention. When looking at course grades, the data does not indicate a statistically significant positive or negative impact for library instruction. The impact of visiting the reference desk upon course grades does suggest a strong, statistically significant positive correlation.
Accountability in Psychological Treatment

Maturation of any science is invariably accompanied by increased demands that its theoreticians and practitioners justify their hypotheses and actions. Indeed, accountability is a defining characteristic of the study of medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, and all other areas of investigation in which funding or compensation is sought in exchange for research or services that endeavor to advance knowledge or reduce suffering. Over the past four decades, psychologists have also been called on to account for their clinical behaviors. Early commentaries on this topic were provided by Eysenck (1952) and Raimy (1950), who both noted that the practical value of psychotherapy was far less than had been assumed. Raimy went so far as to completely refute the conceptualization of psychology as a science when he stated, “Psychotherapy is an undefined technique, applied to unspecified problems, with unpredictable outcomes” (p. 93). Lack of scientific credibility, which described the field 40 years ago and continues to describe it to a limited extent today, is largely attributable to a general schism between basic research and applied psychological procedures. The gap between the laboratory and consulting room was bridged for the first time relatively recently by Wolpe in 1958, with his presentation of the first empirically derived treatment technique: psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Wolpe’s introduction of empiricism to the realm of applied clinical psychology, combined with subsequent controlled evaluations of his treatment procedure, was unique in that, for the first time, psychologists were in a position to justify their actions on the basis of data, rather than abstraction and deductively generated theory.
Private Land Made (Too) Simple

To an unhealthy degree, law and economics writing about private land ownership has become detached from the natural world, in all its complexity and mystery, and from real people and the way they relate to land and to one another. Intentionally or otherwise, it has largely retreated into a theoretical world that includes only those features and elements about nature and people that scholars find useful. Economic models used to study this world are highly value laden: they display an individualistic if not libertarian political perspective; they largely ignore and hence devalue ecological connections; and they embrace a presentist, anthropocentric moral scheme that rejects, ab initio, the ethical claims of future generations and nonhuman life. Accentuating these political and cultural biases is the profound disconnection between most law-and-economics writing and the vast writing on land by students from other perspectives, including writing in the biological sciences, environmental history, and environmental philosophy. To move from the realm of simple economic models into the world of real land and real people is to see land degradation as a complex cultural phenomenon. The land declines because of the ways people use it, and people use as it they do for many nuanced, intertwined reasons. Some of these reasons are usefully portrayed with economic models, but others have more to do with perceptions, values, social relations, and institutional structures. In its inattentiveness to these considerations economic scholarship often embraces, and thus lends credence to, perceptions and value schemes that historians have catalogued as significant causes of land degradation. Rather than using simple hypotheticals about polluting smokestacks and wandering rabbits, economists should employ more complex conservation examples - such as the dying of the mussels in Illinois waterways, where lands are all privately owned, the market rules, and landowners are free to negotiate. To probe such problems, drawing upon the full range of relevant, noneconomic scholarship, is to see private lands and the challenge of landscape-scale conservation in a far different light.
Role of Cytokines in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Epithelial Cell Matrix Metalloproteinase Secretion and Activation

Initial responses to gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori include a transient period of achlorhydria and activation of neutrophils (1). In our previous work (2) we showed that acute bacterial infection of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) inhibits the activity of human H,K-ATPase α subunit promoter, which may contribute to lowered acid output found in acute H. pylori infection in vivo. The inflammatory response is hypothesized to be induced both directly by bacterial factors like LPS, urease, porins, etc and indirectly by induction of the chemokine IL-8 and cytokines (IL-1, TNFα), leading to mucosal damage and ulceration (1). Matrix metalloproteinases play major roles in tissue degradation, cell migration and also inflammatory processes. We have previously shown that H. pylori infection of AGS cells increased secretion of epithelial MMPs-1 and -3 and bacterial MMP-3-like activity (3). Our aim in the present study was to characterize the relationship between activation of matrix metalloproteinases and IL-1β and TNFα, potent stimulators of IL-8 secretion in gastric epithelia during H pylori infection.
Xi Jinping, China, Africa, and Global Realignment

This presentation is on “Xi Jinping, China, Africa, and Global Realignment”. It deals with the changing power relations and how various countries and regions react to those changes. Roughly two years ago, the international version of Central China Television, CCTV, changed its name and brand to that of China Global Television Network, CGTN. The objective was to defend and promote Chinese policies globally probably in competition with other giant global television networks in advancing the interests of their home countries. The BBC, for instance, makes effort, mostly in subtle ways, to promote British policies worldwide and sound credible. CGTN was seemingly to do the same for China. It initially established two global broadcast centers, the main one in Beijing and the second one in Nairobi to cover the entire Africa. Then it added Washington as the third center. Thus CGTN drives Xi Jinping’s development global agenda from the triangular perspective of Beijing, Nairobi, and Washington. This is part of China’s global power projection. Key words : Xi Jinping, China, Africa, Geopolitics, Policy
Theoretical and methodological foundations of the organizational construction and functioning of territorial communities as integrated socio-economic organizations

The scientific positions on the necessity of deepening, expanding and using the theory of organization when building and developing specific social organizations – territorial communities – are grounded. It is shown their compatibility and identity with organizations of production character.A comparative analysis of the evolution and methodological and legislative support for using the organization’s theory to use its instrumants in the construction and functioning of territorial communities is carried out.Issues of importance, priority of consideration and solving problems of organizational development of territorial communities as a set of complex, integrated social and economic organizations and social institutions of organizational forms of development of society at the basic, initial level of its existence in conditions of decentralization of power and modernization of local self-government are outlined.The evolutionary way of the organization theory, the methodological and legislative principles of which are aimed at the organizational development of enterprises with a predominantly productive nature is studied, including the principles of constructing a bureaucratic model of the organization structure, the principles of constructing human relationships, the principles of the theory of perception, and others. Determination of the possibilities of using the laws on organization and functioning of organizations for the formation and functioning of territorial communities as integrated socio-economic complex organizations is carried out. The essence of the models of organizations and their management tasks as a possible organizational ground for improvement of organizational models of community development is considered.The proof of the necessity of further development of the organization’s theory concerning the organizations of a new type – territorial communities, whose activities are ensured by the common territory of people living, in different organizations, the interconnection, orderliness and interdependence of their joint activities, the unity of the goals of joint development and participation of community residents in their achievement. The algorithm of the formation and substantiation of theoretical and methodological formulation of the organization’s theory concerning social organizations as the basis of the modern innovation organization of territorial communities is constructed.
Impact of the NaV1.8 variant, A1073V, on post-sigmoidectomy pain and electrophysiological function in rat sympathetic neurons.

We present evidence that in a cohort of patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy, those homozygous for the NaV1.8 polymorphism (rs6795970) reported significantly lower abdominal pain scores than indiv...
Optimization-based Mechanisms for the Course Allocation Problem

In recent years, several universities have adopted an algorithmic approach to the allocation of seats in courses, for which students place bids (typically by ordering or scoring desirable courses),...
Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Residential Preconditioning for Radiation Temperature

In Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) control, there are many studies to control air conditioners to improve comfort when people are present, but this paper proposes a method of pre-air conditioning. It is to control the radiant temperature of a room in advance by controlling wind directions of an air conditioner. It has been investigated how the fixed wind direction control of the air conditioner causes the radiation temperature non-uniformity in the room. Reinforcement learning is used as a method to solve it, the effectiveness of which has been verified in the residential environment. Here, thermography is adopted as a sensor for acquiring the state. The proposed method has reduced the nonuniformity of radiation temperature in the room more than the random and normal control. The feature of this study is that all learning and verifications are performed in a real environment, and image data is taken as an input value.
Conflict and Complementarity: Medicalization, Criminalization, and the Question of Human Agency

The social processes of criminalization and medicalization share important similarities, often complementing each other. Beginning from an analysis of their differences with regard to human agency,...
Hybrid Perovskites with Larger Organic Cations Reveal Autocatalytic Degradation Kinetics and Increased Stability under Light.

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have shown incredible promise as active materials for photovoltaic devices, but their instability to light remains a significant roadblock in realizing these ap...