cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High affinity choline transport in guinea pig brain and the effect of norepinephrine.

—The influence of 1-norepinephrine on the accumulation of [14C]choline by nuclei-free homogenates and synaptosomes of guinea-pig brain was studied. Kinetic analysis of choline accumulation by guinea-pig brain resulted in both high and low affinity Michaelis constants. Norepinephrine stimulated the high affinity choline transport process but not the low and the magnitude of its stimulation in 3 different brain regions was correlated with the choline acetyltransferase activity of those regions. Depletion of norepinephrine from the brainstem by pretreatment with the catecholamine depleter alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine significantly decreased the maximal velocity of choline transport. Both the alpha adrenergic receptor blocker phentolamine and the beta adrenergic receptor blocker propranalol inhibited norepinephrine induced stimulation of choline transport. Cocaine stimulated choline transport at low concentrations and pretreatment of animals with reserpine significantly antagonized cocaine's stimulation of choline transport. The results suggest that endogenous norepinephrine may modify the high affinity choline transport process in guinea-pig brain.
Conditional discrimination in the goldfish

Two goldfish were reinforced for responding in the presence of a compound S+ consisting of a bright light and a loud sound. S− compounds differed from the S+ with respect to light intensity, sound intensity, or both. Responding in the presence of each compound was evaluated according to several alternative models of stimulus combination. The results permit rejection of some hypotheses concerning integrative processing in the goldfish.
Amebic Liver Abscess in Infancy: Case Report and Review

Amebic liver abscess (ALA) is uncommon in the United States and is potentially lethal when acquired during the first year of life. The clinical course of ALA in a 10-month-old infant is presented and the characteristics of 18 previously described cases of infants with ALA from the United States are reported; this infant population (including our patient) is compared with a population of adults with ALA. In contrast to the initial signs in adults, those in infants are nonspecific and include fever, hepatomegaly, anemia, and elevated levels of transaminases. Colitis may occur in infants, but results of examinations for ova or parasites are usually negative. On presentation the amebic serology for one-third of infants with ALA is negative. The clinical course of ALA in infants is usually fulminant and is associated with a mortality rate of nearly 50%.
Cumulative renal tubular damage associated with cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

We assessed the acute and chronic effect of multiple courses of cisplatin therapy on renal tubules by monitoring the urinary excretion of alanine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and total protein. Urine specimens were obtained before and after doses of cisplatin (90 mg/m2) given to 12 patients. Each dose of cisplatin induced transient increases in enzyme excretion, followed by proteinuria 3–5 days later. Transient enzymuria after the last cisplatin dose was significantly greater than that after the first dose. Moreover, persistent increases in urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and serum creatinine concentrations over pretherapy levels indicated chronic renal tubular damage. Our findings disclosed striking differences between patients in susceptibility to progressive nephrotoxicity.
UV−Vis Spectroscopy of Iodine Adsorbed on Alkali-Metal-Modified Zeolite Catalysts for Addition of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene Oxide

The basicity of alkali-metal-exchanged (Na, K, Cs) zeolites X and Y was probed by UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of adsorbed iodine. The observed blue shift in the visible absorption spectrum of adsorbed iodine, compared to gaseous iodine, correlated well with the negative charge on the framework oxygen atoms calculated from the Sanderson electronegativity equalization principle. The blue shifts associated with iodine adsorbed on classical catalytic supports like silica, alumina, and magnesia suggest that the iodine adsorption technique for probing basicity is applicable to a wide variety of solids. Iodine was also adsorbed on X and Y zeolites containing occluded cesium oxide formed by decomposition of impregnated cesium acetate. However, the iodine appeared to irreversibly react on these strongly basic samples, possibly forming an adsorbed triiodide ion. As a complement to the adsorption studies, the activity of alkali-metal-containing zeolites for the base-catalyzed formation of ethylene carbon...
A źGamerź in Many Areas

I am Professor and Chair of the Management Department at the University of St. Thomas, my professional home for the past 30 years. My primary teaching interest has always been strategic planning. I discovered business simulations over 30 years ago, and have been a user and advocate of them throughout my professional life. In 1992, I was awarded a Fulbright Scholars Fellowship to teach at the National University of Ireland in Cork, Ireland, and I ended up spending 4 years there over a 6-year period. I have led a study abroad program to England and Ireland, teaching an undergraduate strategy course there annually since 1997.
Photoperiodic mechanisms controlling scent marking: interactions of vasopressin and gonadal steroids.

Microinjection of arginine vasopressin (Avp) into the rostral hypothalamus of Syrian hamsters induces a form of scent marking known as flank marking. The ability of Avp to stimulate flank marking is mediated by the vasopressin 1a receptor (Avpr1a). In hamsters housed in long 'summer-like' photoperiods, the amount of flank marking and the number of Avpr1a receptors in the rostral hypothalamus are regulated by testosterone. However, hamsters housed in short 'winter-like' photoperiods for 6-8 weeks continue to flank mark at high levels despite significant reductions in the circulating levels of testosterone. In the present study, we compared the effects of gonadal steroids on Avp-induced flank marking and Avpr1 a binding and affinity in hamsters housed in short photoperiods and those housed in long photoperiods. In long-photoperiod-housed hamsters, castration significantly reduced the amount of Avp-induced flank marking; however, in short-photoperiod-housed hamsters there were no significant differences between gonadally regressed and castrated hamsters. Surprisingly, Avpr1a receptor binding, but not affinity, in the medial preoptic area and the medial preoptic nucleus was significantly reduced in long-photoperiod-housed castrates as well as short-photoperiod-housed gonadally regressed and castrated hamsters, compared with long-photoperiod-housed gonadally intact hamsters. These data demonstrate that in short photoperiods Avp-induced flank marking is independent of gonadal hormones, despite gonadal steroid-dependent reductions in Avpr1a binding.
Domestic minor sex trafficking practice implications for mental health professionals

Domestic minor sex trafficking is a complex form of oppression and child maltreatment affecting children and adolescents on both the domestic and transnational levels. In the United States, the statistical account of minors who are affected by commercial sex trafficking varies because of the hidden nature of this criminal activity. Symptoms of trauma can result from such factors as forced subjugation, separation from family, and sexual acts with multiple perpetrators. Treatment relevant to this population is necessary for posttrafficking adaptation to society. In this article, we discuss the possible effects of domestic minor sex trafficking, implications for intervention, and directions for future research.
PAH biodegradative genotypes in Lake Erie sediments: evidence for broad geographical distribution of pyrene-degrading mycobacteria

Despite a long history of anthropogenic contamination of Lake Erie sediments, little work has been done to understand the potential for PAH biodegradation by indigenous microbial communities. Pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium are prevalent in many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated freshwater sediments, and are of interest for their ability to degrade environmentally recalcitrant high molecular weight PAHs. This work tested the hypothesis that pyrene-degrading mycobacteria are prevalent in Lake Erie; an additional aim was to gain a baseline picture of the sediment microbial communities through sequencing a 16S rDNA clone library. Biodegradation potential of Lake Erie Mycobacterium populations was assessed through quantification of pyrene dioxygenase genes (nidA) and mycobacteria 16S rDNA genes using quantitative real time PCR. nidA was detected at all seven sampling sites across Lake Erie, with abundances ranging from 2.09 to 70.4 x 10(6) copies per gram sediment, with highest abundances at the most PAH-contaminated site (Cleveland Harbor). This is in contrastto naphthalene dioxygenase genes commonly used as biomarkers of PAH degradation: nahAc (from gamma-proteobacteria) was not detected anywhere, and nagAc (from beta-proteobacteria) was detected only in Cleveland Harbor, despite dominance by proteobacteria in Lake Erie sediment 16S rDNA clone libraries (>50% of clones). The prevalence of Mycobacterium nidA genotypes corroborated previous studies indicating that PAH-degrading mycobacteria have a cosmopolitan distribution and suggests they play an important but overlooked role in natural attenuation and cycling of PAHs in Lake Erie.
Allergic and immunologic disorders of the eye. Part II : Ocular allergy

Allergy affects more than 15% of the world population, and some studies have shown that up 30% of the US population has some form of allergy. Most of these patients have various target organs for their allergies, and most have ocular involvement. The ocular component may be the most prominent and sometimes disabling feature of their allergy. Some are affected for only a few weeks to months, whereas others have symptoms that last throughout the year. The seasonal forms may present to clinical allergists, whereas the more chronic forms may present to ophthalmologists. Thus, in the second of this 2-part review series (Part I: Ocular Immunology appeared in the November issue of the Journal), an overview is provided of the spectrum of ocular allergy that ranges from acute seasonal allergic conjunctivitis to chronic variants of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. With a better understanding of the immunologic mechanisms, we now can develop better treatment approaches and design further research in intervention of allergic eye diseases.
Benzene metabolism in mouse liver microsomes

Abstract Mouse liver microsomes metabolized benzene more rapidly than microsomes prepared from rat and rabbit liver. Treatment of mice with benzene increased the metabolism of benzene in vitro without increasing cytochrome P-450 concentrations. Conversely, treatment of mice with phenobarbital increased cytochrome P-450 values but did not increase benzene metabolism. Benzene metabolism was inhibited by compounds known to interact with the mixed function oxidase system, e.g., aniline, metyrapone, aminopyrine, SKF-525A and cytochrome c , but not by KCN or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. CO also inhibited benzene metabolism and the Warburg partition coefficient was similar to that obtained for other drugs metabolized by cytochrome P-450. Addition of benzene to mouse liver microsomes yielded a type I binding spectrum. Induction with benzene increased the magnitude of the type I spectral change ( ΔE max ) by a factor approximately equal to the increase in benzene metabolism. The evidence suggests that benzene metabolism is mediated by the mixed function oxidase and binding of benzene to cytochrome P-450 is a significant factor in determining the rate of benzene metabolism.
Pannus with Experimental Trachoma and Inclusion Conjunctivitis Agent Infection of Taiwan Monkeys

It has been established by previous inves­ tigators that common laboratory animals are refractory to trachoma and that only pri­ mates contract the disease. After the etiologic agent became available through cultiva­ tion in yolk sacs of embryonated eggs, ex­ perimental trachoma in monkeys with the organisms propagated in eggs was reported by Thygeson and associates. They reported that the experimental disease was not ac­ companied by pannus, cicatrization or major involvement of the upper tarsus and, in these respects, it differed sharply from human trachoma. Inclusion conjunctivitis in man has been considered to be different from trachoma clinically, in that it affects mainly the lower conjunctivas, does not cause pannus or con.junctival scars and has a tendency to run a more acute but shorter course. In addition, it is epidemiologically different from tracho­ ma in that it is associated with genital infec­ tion. The organisms of inclusion conjunctiv­ itis can be cultivated by similar egg tech­ niques. Again, experimental eye disease can be produced only in primates and is report­ ed to be generally more severe than trachoma. As in the case of experimental trachoma, no pannus or scars have been re­ ported.
Probing Designability via a Generalized Model of Helical Bundle Geometry

Abstract Because the space of folded protein structures is highly degenerate, with recurring secondary and tertiary motifs, methods for representing protein structure in terms of collective physically relevant coordinates are of great interest. By collapsing structural diversity to a handful of parameters, such methods can be used to delineate the space of designable structures (i.e., conformations that can be stabilized with a large number of sequences)—a crucial task for de novo protein design. We first demonstrate this on natural α-helical coiled coils using the Crick parameterization. We show that over 95% of known coiled-coil structures are within 1-A Cα root mean square deviation of a Crick-ideal backbone. Derived parameters show that natural geometric space of coiled coils is highly restricted and can be represented by “allowed” conformations amidst a potential continuum of conformers. Allowed structures have (1) restricted axial offsets between helices, which differ starkly between parallel and anti-parallel structures; (2) preferred superhelical radii, which depend linearly on the oligomerization state; (3) pronounced radius-dependent a- and d-position amino acid propensities; and (4) discrete angles of rotation of helices about their axes, which are surprisingly independent of oligomerization state or orientation. In all, we estimate the space of designable coiled-coil structures to be reduced at least 160-fold relative to the space of geometrically feasible structures. To extend the benefits of structural parameterization to other systems, we developed a general mathematical framework for parameterizing arbitrary helical structures, which reduces to the Crick parameterization as a special case. The method is successfully validated on a set of non-coiled-coil helical bundles, frequent in channels and transporter proteins, which show significant helix bending but not supercoiling. Programs for coiled-coil parameter fitting and structure generation are provided via a web interface at http://www.gevorggrigoryan.com/cccp/ , and code for generalized helical parameterization is available upon request.
The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation

The effects of nonionic polymers on human red blood cell (RBC) aggregation were investigated. The hy- drodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1500-2,000,000) were calculated from their intrinsic viscosities using the Einstein viscosity relation and directly measured by quasi-elastic light scattering, and the effect of each polymer sample on RBC aggregation was studied by nephelometry and low-shear viscometry. For all three polymers, despite their different structures, samples with Rh ,4 nm were found to inhibit aggregation, whereas those with Rh .4 nm enhanced aggregation. Inhibition increased with Rh and was maximal at ;3 nm; above 4 nm the pro-aggregant effect increased with Rh. For comparison, the Rh of 12 plasma proteins were calculated from literature values of intrinsic viscosity or diffusion coefficient. Each protein known to promote RBC aggregation had Rh .4 nm, whereas those with Rh ,4 nm either inhibited or had no effect on aggregation. These results suggest that the influence of a nonionic polymer or plasma protein on RBC aggregation is simply a consequence of its size in an aqueous environment, and that the specific type of macromolecule is of minor importance.
Investigations of pressure fluctuation history records of gas-solid fluidized beds

A transducer pressure probe is devised to measure the pressure-history curves up to a maximum frequency of 200 Hz. It is installed on the wall of a 153 mm 2 fluidized bed and is employed to establish the solids mixing and movement pattern of an air fluidized bed comprising of glass beads of 2093 μm average diameter. The pressure variations recorded with a speed of about 11 Hz for a period of 92 s are employed to compute several statistical functions and analysed to infer the quality of fluidization. For the range of fluidization number 1.05-1.48, it is inferred that in this bubbling regime, the solids near the bed wall region descend down while the air bubbles drift to the central region and rise up in the fluidized bed. This bulk macroscopic hydrodynamic picture of solids movement is in conformity with the conclusions of other co-workers.
The ero-puro sense: declassifying censored literature from interwar Japan

Abstract This paper considers censorship as a major link between and impetus for two popular alternative literary categories in prewar Japan: erotic and proletarian literature. Through the figure of Umehara Hokumei (1901–46) who was banned under both of the censor's categories, this tracking of an ero-puro sense reveals how suppression of these two avenues for resistance led to the castration of a third – realistic portrayals of state violence.
Using Research to Determine the Efficacy and Modes of Treatment in University Counseling Centers: Comment on Jobes, Jacoby, Cimbolic, and Hustead (1997) and Hayes (1997).

The articles by D. A. Jobes, A. M. Jacoby, P. Cimbolic, and L. A. T. Hustead (1997) and J. A. Hayes (1997) in the Special Section on Research in Counseling Centers are reviewed in the context of changes in college and university counseling centers. D. A. Jobes et al.'s study dealt with the development and application of the Suicide Status Form; J. A. Hayes's study reported the results of a factor analysis of the Brief Symptom Inventory that used data gathered specifically from college students. Suggestions are offered as to how the results of these studies might be applied to current counseling center work. A greater role for research in counseling centers is argued for, and examples of how research might abet counseling center personnel in their attempts to be both efficient and efficacious are offered.
An automatic CT-guided adaptive radiation therapy technique by online modification of multileaf collimator leaf positions for prostate cancer

Purpose: To propose and evaluate online adaptive radiation therapy (ART) using in-room computed tomography (CT) imaging that detects changes in the target position and shape of the prostate and seminal vesicles (SVs) and then automatically modifies the multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf pairs in a slice-by-slice fashion. Methods and materials: For intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using a coplanar beam arrangement, each MLC leaf pair projects onto a specific anatomic slice. The proposed strategy assumes that shape deformation is a function of only the superior-inferior (SI) position. That is, there is no shape change within a CT slice, but each slice can be displaced in the anteroposterior (AP) or right-left (RL) direction relative to adjacent slices. First, global shifts (in SI, AP, and RL directions) were calculated by three-dimensional (3D) registration of the bulk of the prostate in the treatment planning CT images with the daily CT images taken immediately before treatment. Local shifts in the AP direction were then found using slice-by-slice registration, in which the CT slices were individually registered. The translational shift within a slice could then be projected to a translational shift in the position of the corresponding MLC leaf pair for each treatment segment for each gantry angle. Global shifts in the SI direction were accounted for by moving the open portal superiorly or inferiorly by an integral number of leaf pairs. The proposed slice-by-slice registration technique was tested by using daily CT images from 46 CT image sets (23 each from 2 patients) taken before the standard delivery of IMRT for prostate cancer. A dosimetric evaluation was carried out by using an 8-field IMRT plan. Results: The shifts and shape change of the prostate and SVs could be separated into 3D global shifts in the RL, AP, and SI directions, plus local shifts in the AP direction, which were different for each CT slice. The MLC leaf positions were successfully modified to compensate for these global shifts and local shape variations. The ART method improved geometric coverage of the prostate and SVs compared with the couch-shift method, particularly for the superior part of the prostate and all the SVs, for which the interfraction shape change was the largest. The dosimetric comparison showed that the ART method covered the target better and reduced the rectal dose more than a simple couch-translation method. Conclusions: ART corrected for interfraction changes in the position and shape of the prostate and SVs and gave dose distributions that were considerably closer to the planned dose distributions than could be achieved with simple alignment strategies that neglect shape change. The ART proposed in this investigation requires neither contouring of the daily CT images nor extensive calculations; therefore, it may prove to be an effective and clinically practical solution to the problem of interfraction shape changes.
The photodecontamination of cellular blood components: Mechanisms and use of photosensitization in transfusion medicine

p HOTOSENSITIZATION is a term that covers many phenomena, but a general definition is "the action of a component (photosensitizer) of a system that causes another component of the system to react to light." The photosensitizer in its ground state serves as a chromophore (light absorber). On light absorption, the sensitizer becomes electronically excited to a higher energy level. The excited sensitizer molecule can react directly with a substrate or with some other molecule (frequently oxygen) in the reaction mixture, giving products that, in turn, can react with the substrate. Thus, photosensitized processes typically have an initial "light step" followed by one or more "dark steps." The photosensitizer molecules in the dark are almost always in the singlet state, ~ in which the molecule has no unpaired electron spins. Absorption of a photon (hv) promotes an electron to a higher molecular orbital without a change in its spin. Thus, the first excited state is also a singlet, tS. Few photosensitized reactions are directly mediated by this state because of its short lifetime (1 to 100 ns). Excited singlet states can decay to the ground state, emitting heat or light (fluorescence). In the case of an effective photosensitizer, there is a fast spin inversion of the high-energy electron, resulting in a metastable triplet state, 3S, which has two unpaired electrons and a much longer lifetime (1 to 1000 ps). The sensitizer in its excited triplet state can undergo many collisions with other molecules during its lifetime and, as a result, can mediate photosensitized reactions with high efficiency. These processes are shown schematically.
Self-reported hand and wrist arthritis and occupation: Data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey–Occupational Health Supplement

Background There is a paucity of population-based studies examining occupational hand-wrist arthritis. We examined relationships between hand-wrist arthritis, occupation, and biomechanical exposures in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey–Occupational Health Supplement. Methods A randomized, multi-stage, and cross-sectional national prevalence survey was carried out. Results Self-reported, medically attended hand-wrist arthritis was common among employed persons (period prevalence 1.58%; lifetime prevalence 3.58%). Highest prevalences occurred among technicians, machine operators, assemblers, and farmers, and in the mining, agriculture, and construction industries. Work requiring repetitive hand bending and twisting was associated with hand-wrist arthritis (Odds Ratio 1.43; 95%CI: 1.11–1.84; P = 0.005). Among workers with hand arthritis, 7.4% had made major changes in their work, 7.6% missed work, and 4.5% stopped working or changed jobs because of the problem. Conclusions Our study links hand-wrist arthritis to occupation and potentially modifiable workplace ergonomic factors. The spectrum of hand-wrist “cumulative trauma” disorders may considerably exceed that of soft-tissue injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis, and may include arthritis, a widely prevalent, disabling condition. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42: 318–327, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A heuristic algorithm to minimize energy cost for scheduling test facilities

The development of a software application that optimizes scheduling subject to several dynamic nonlinear variables is described in this study. Twelve different tasks can be scheduled within any given 24 hour period. The tasks scheduled may use one or more facilities up to 48 in number. Facilities may have restrictions on concurrence and maximum power usage. The optimization strategy is developed to minimize both labor and power costs.
‘That's why I was crying on this book’: Trauma as Testimony in Responses to Literature

Auto Wreck (first stanza) Its quick soft silver bell beating, beating, And down the dark one ruby flare Pulsing out red light like an artery, The ambulance at top speed floating down Past beacons a...
Morphology of the membrana granulosa of the ovarian follicle.

Each of the cells of the membrana granulosa in mature ovarian follicles of rabbits project from the basement membrane, and are not layered as is generally believed. The arrangement of the cells is that seen in a pseudostratified epithelium. The cells may secrete or excrete materials through their basal end and may be the source of the enzymes responsible for the alterations of the follicle wall which lead to ovulation. (Endocrinology 82: 638, 1968)
Rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with diacetylene at 297 ± 2K

Abstract By using a relative rate technique, the rate constant for the gas phase reaction of OH radicals with diacetylene, a reaction considered to be of importance in fuel-rich acetylene oxidation, has been determined at 297 ± 2K and atmospheric presure. On the basis of a rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with n-butane of 2.58 × 10 −12 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 , a rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with diacetylene of (1.62 ± 0.06) × 10 −11 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 was obtained, where the error limit does not take into account the uncertainties in the rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with n-butane.
Service Learning in Teacher Preparation: Returns on the Investment.

Abstract Service learning can contribute to preservice teachers' understandings of reading instruction and also their confidence as teachers of reading. This qualitative study compared two sections of one undergraduate reading methods course: one with a service learning component and one with a typical field placement. The service learning participants demonstrated a more in-depth analysis of reading behaviors, a stronger commitment to the success of their students, and an increased confidence in their abilities to teach reading.
Magnetization Patterns of Permanent Ring Magnets in Brushless DC Motors

The effects of the geometry of the magnetizing fixtures on the magnetization patterns of the permanent ring magnets are studied. The sample ring magnets are magnetized in magnetizing fixtures having various geometries. Each of the magnets creates a unique magnetic field due to the difference in the magnetization pattern of the permanent magnets. The prototype motors with the sample magnets were examined and the measured back electromotive force profiles and cogging torque profiles turn out greatly affected by the magnetization patterns. Using two-dimensional electromagnetic field theory, this article proposes a general closed form representation for the air gap flux density created by non-conventional magnetization pattern which has magnetic orientation in both radial and tangential directions. The results are compared with the finite element results for validity.
Evaluation of nano/micro composites for nondestructive repair of delaminated structures

Results of an experimental evaluation of nano/micro inorganic composites are presented in this paper. Alkali alumino silicates matrices reinforced with nano/micro fibers were used to repair (glue) fractured concrete prisms and test them in three point bending. Further, shear strength of matrices were also obtained using push-up tests. The variables evaluated were mix composition, temperature and specimen size. It is observed that flexural tensile strength of 1000 psi can be achieved from the developed matrices. In some instances when repaired broken prisms were tested, the failure occurred by creation of a new fracture surface. The developed matrices had the fluidity to fill very thin delamination, which can be pumped to reach delamination through small drilled holes. The results show that the compositions obtained in this study have excellent potential for application involving the repair of delamination.
Storytelling sagas: an effective medium for teaching early childhood mathematics

Abstract This article describes a unique supplementary program that teaches early childhood mathematics (Pre-K to Grade 2), through a series of six problem-solving adventure stories. The mathematics concepts are taught to the children through the medium of oral storytelling sagas in an integrated approach that addresses language arts as well as early childhood mathematics competencies. Teachers and schools can select from the supplementary books in this series to enrich and address gaps in their present mathematics curriculum based on the most recent NCTM [Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Reston, VA, 2000] standards recommending a stronger emphasis on geometry, measurement, pre-algebra, and graphing skills.
Self-folding devices and materials for biomedical applications

Because the native cellular environment is 3D, there is a need to extend planar, micro- and nanostructured biomedical devices to the third dimension. Self-folding methods can extend the precision of planar lithographic patterning into the third dimension and create reconfigurable structures that fold or unfold in response to specific environmental cues. Here, we review the use of hinge-based self-folding methods in the creation of functional 3D biomedical devices including precisely patterned nano- to centimeter scale polyhedral containers, scaffolds for cell culture and reconfigurable surgical tools such as grippers that respond autonomously to specific chemicals.
A personal journey in theorizing in sport management

Abstract The purpose of this article was to articulate the process of theorizing. For the author, theory development begins with a discontent and discomfort with existing formulations on a topic. In drawing from this premise, the author provides an overview of the theory development process he undertook, highlighting five examples: geographic versus functional centrality, athletic teams as coalitions, defining the field of sport management, organizational effectiveness, and leadership.
An interface architecture for CAD/CAPP integration using knowledge-based systems and feature recognition algorithms

Abstract Systems integration in manufacturing is a topic of paramount importance today. Although a variety of computerized systems have been developed to improve productivity, the integration of these systems is needed. One area of particular concern involves the integration of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) systems. This paper proposes the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques to integrate CAD and CAPP systems. The design of a flexible interface relying on these techniques is presented. The proposed interface is generic, with the potential for application with a variety of CAD and CAPP systems.
Sampling considerations for establishment of baseline loadings from forested watersheds for TMDL application

Five methods for estimating maximum daily and annual nitrate (NO3) and suspended sediment loads using periodic sampling of varying intensities were compared to actual loads calculated from intensive stormflow and baseflow sampling from small, forested watersheds in north central West Virginia to determine if the less intensive sampling methods were accurate and could be utilized in TMDL development. There were no significant differences between the annual NO3 load estimates using non-intensive sampling methods and the actual NO3 loads. However, maximum daily NO3 loads were estimated less accurately than annual loads. The ability to estimate baseline NO3 loads fairly accurately with non-intensive concentration data is attributed to the small fluctuation in NO3 concentrations over flow and time, particularly during storms. By contrast, suspended sediment exports determined by any of the non-intensive methods varied significantly and widely from and compared poorly to the actual exports for both daily and annual methods. Weekly sampling better approximated actual annual exports, but there were no significant statistical differences among weekly, monthly, and quarterly estimates. Suspended sediment concentrations varied widely within and among storm events, so that accurate estimates of total annual or maximum daily loads could not be obtained from infrequent sampling.
Disruption of the association of integrin-associated protein (IAP) with tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type substrate-1 (SHPS)-1 inhibits pathophysiological changes in retinal endothelial function in a rat model of diabetes

We have previously shown that the association of integrin-associated protein (IAP) with tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type substrate-1 (SHPS-1) regulates the response of cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, smooth muscle and retinal endothelial cells, to IGF-I. Here we sought to: (1) determine whether the regulation of IGF-I responsiveness by the association of IAP with SHPS-1 is a generalised response of endothelial cells; (2) identify the mechanism by which this association contributes to changes in endothelial cell responses to IGF-I; and (3) determine whether inhibition of this association alters pathophysiological changes occurring in vivo. Endothelial cells were maintained in 5 mmol/l glucose and at hyperglycaemic levels, and exposed to an anti-IAP antibody that disrupts the association between IAP and SHPS-1. A rodent model of diabetes with endothelial cell dysfunction was used to investigate the role of the association of IAP with SHPS-1 in endothelial cell function in vivo. Endothelial cells maintained in 5 mmol/l glucose showed constitutive cleavage of the extracellular domain of IAP (which contains the SHPS-1 binding site), with no association between IAP and SHPS-1 being detected. In contrast, hyperglycaemia inhibited IAP cleavage, allowing IAP to associate with SHPS-1 and IGF-I to stimulate SHPS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Exposure to the anti-IAP antibody inhibited IGF-I-stimulated tube formation and increased permeability. In the rodent model, basal IAP–SHPS-1 association was not detected in retinal extracts from normal rats, but was fully restored in rats with diabetes. The anti-IAP antibody inhibited the association of IAP with SHPS-1, and reduced retinal vascular permeability and leucocyte adherence to levels similar to those in non-diabetic rats. The antibody also significantly inhibited the aberrant neovascularisation induced by hypoxia. Our results demonstrate that the increased association of IAP with SHPS-1 contributes to the pathophysiological changes in the endothelium that are induced by hyperglycaemia and hypoxia.
Mycophenolic derivatives from Eupenicillium parvum.

A new compound, euparvic acid (1, C14H16O6), and the known compounds 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylphthalide (2), 6-(3-carboxybutyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphthalan-1-one (3), 6-(5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-enyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphthalan-1-one (4), and 6-(5-carboxy-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphthalan-1-one (5) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Eupenicillium parvum. The structure of 1 was determined by interpretation of MS and homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR spectroscopic data and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configuration of 5 was determined via MPA ester derivatization.
Creatively Re-Defining Fat: Identification Predicts Strategic Responses to Stigma, Ingroup Attitudes, and Well-Being

Antifat stigma is pervasive, often incurring deleterious effects on well-being among fat women. Based on predictions from Social Identity Theory, we examined the relationship between fat group identification, individual and collective responses to stigma, body satisfaction and self-esteem among a community-based sample of fat women. Fat group identification was found to predict collective social change and body affirmation endorsement along with reduced support for individual change through weight loss. Fat identification also predicted a preference for affiliation with other fat people, stronger perceptions of size discrimination, and less antifat prejudice. Implications of creatively redefining fat to affirm self-worth are discussed.
"BORN TO BE WILD": THE EFFECT OF THE REPEAL OF FLORIDA'S MANDATORY MOTORCYCLE HELMET-USE LAW ON SERIOUS INJURY AND FATALITY RATES

In response to political pressure, the state of Florida repealed its mandatory motorcycle helmet-use law for all operators and passengers older than the age of 21, effective July 1, 2000. Using monthly data and a multiple time-series design, the authors assessed the effect of this law change on serious injury and fatality rates for motorcycle riders aged 21 and older. Controls for serious injury and fatality rates for motorcycle riders younger than 21 years of age were included in the analyses. Maximum-likelihood results showed that the repeal of the mandatory helmet-use law in Florida had little observable effect on serious injuries or on fatalities that resulted from motorcycle crashes. Policy implications of these findings are discussed, and explanations are given as to why the repeal of the mandatory motorcycle helmet-use law in Florida was inconsequential.
How transparent are hadrons to pions

The scattering of hadrons at high energies can be described by a distribution function of cross sections, which incorporates the phenomena of color transparency and color opacity. We infer here a cross-section distribution for pionic projectiles on nucleons consistent with the data on the moments of the distribution. Using this distribution we calculate the probability for a pion to be in a pointlike configuration and compare with predictions based on a combination of perturbative QCD and QCD sum rules. Comparison with the corresponding distribution for nucleon-nucleon scattering shows that color transparency effects should be more pronounced for a meson beam.
Educating Parents of Gifted Children: Designing Effective Workshops for Changing Parent Perceptions.

The focus of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a series of free workshops for parents of gifted children. The parent education workshops provided research-based information as recogn...
A Theory Bite on Contextualizing, Framing, and Positioning: A Companion to Son and Goldstone

Son and Goldstone (2009) provided orienting activities intended to increase personal engagement, and these activities reduced participants' transfer based on concepts of signal detectability theory. I offer a theoretical interpretation that differs from theirs. First, instead of assuming that activity is contextualized in some conditions and not in others, I assume that activity always occurs in some context, or framing. Second, instead of hypothesizing that generality is achieved by ignoring features of specific situation, I adopt the classical hypothesis (e.g., from Judd, 1908; Wertheimer, 1945/1959) that generality results from framing in which specific features are organized in a particular way that includes conceptual structure. Third, although I agree that an enactive positional framing, with more personal engagement, can result in a narrower depth of field, I hypothesize that what is enhanced or inhibited by enactive positioning depends on the activity, so that if activity is focused on conceptual ...
Pt-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of methane to acetic acid in sulfuric acid

Abstract The oxidative carbonylation of methane to acetic acid was investigated using Pt(II) cations as the catalyst and sulfuric acid as the solvent. The reactions were carried out at 180 °C in a sealed batch reactor containing either fuming or concentrated (96 wt%) sulfuric acid (3 ml) and PtCl 2 (20 mM) in the liquid-phase, and pressurized with CH 4 (400 psi) and CO (400 psi). In the absence of CO, the only product is methyl bisulfate, but in the presence of CO, this product undergoes carbonylation to acetic acid. CO also serves as a reducing agent and can reduce the catalytically active Pt(II) to Pt(0), which is inactive. The catalyst activity can be increased by promoting the re-oxidation using co-catalyst, such as CuCl 2 and O 2 . Thus, a balance must be maintained between oxidizing and reducing conditions in order to minimize or avoid the loss of Pt(II).
Strong Backscattering And Cross Polarization From Bubbles And Glass Spheres In Water

Observations were made of the near backward scattering of polarized laser light from air bubbles in a highly viscous oil and in water. Both the co-polarized and the cross-polarized scattering were observed to be enhanced due to the axial focusing of glory rays. A physical-optics model for this enhancement is described which corrects for the divergence of the backscattered irradiance predicted by geometric optics. A sum of glory and axial wave amplitudes reproduces the results of Mie theory for the near backward scattering from bubbles in water. We also model scattering from glass microspheres in water and show that proper choice of the glass gives an additional enhancement due to rainbow scattering in the backward direction. Such spheres may be useful as isotropic retroreflectors in water. The scattering of circularly-polarized incident light is also considered.
Prospective evaluation of multislice computed tomography versus plain radiographic cervical spine clearance in trauma patients.

Background:The objective of this study was to compare the utility of plain radiographs to multislice computed tomography (MCT) for cervical spine (c-spine) evaluation. We hypothesized that plain radiographs add no clinically relevant diagnostic information to MCT in the screening evaluation of the c
Pulse Radiolysis: Fast Reaction Studies in Radiation Chemistry.

Developments in the determination of absolute rate constants, made possible by the availability of electron accelerators that can deliver a highly intense electron pulse of microsecond duration, are reviewed. Characteristics of the electron pulse and the physical arrangement for irradiation of samples and detection of transient species at Argonne National Laboratory are indicated. Important observations arising from the Argonne technique are discussed. Among these are the primary species in irradiated water, a variety of aromatic and aliphatic free radicals in both water and organic liquids, and one of the primary species formed in the radiolysis of polar organic liquids. Implications of the pulse radiolysis method for future research are presented. (H.M.G.)
Happy birthday!: CHI at 25

What did we think when some of us gathered in 1982 at the Gaithersburg, Maryland, conference on human-computer interaction? Did we envision all that CHI and the world of CHI, HCI, UI, UX, UE, as well as SIGGRAPH, UXNet, and other competitors for shelf space in our brains, view as their turf for human-computer interaction and communication? Some had an inkling, I’m sure, but others would not have known about the Apple Macintosh, which was about to be launched and were content to explore the challenges of thinking out the best way to present information in text screens of 24 lines by 80 characters.
DETERMINATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE VARIATION IN CLAY PRODUCTS

Factors which cause variations in the finished size of clay products are determined. These are classified in the order of their importance, and limits are established within which the factors must be controlled to reduce these variations to a point which is consistent with the commercial production of modular products. The factors found to have the greatest effect on the finished size are soaking temperature and soaking time. Those factors having a lesser effect are (1) firing atmosphere, (2) relative amounts of clay mineral and quartz present in the clay in the different parts of the pit, (3) grain size of the clay produced by grinding or weathering, and (4) deairing treatment.
A meshfree framework for solder droplet shape prediction

In this paper we present a general Non-Uniform-Rational-B-Spline (NURBS) based framework and a set of example problems for solving solder droplet shape. In the recent years, there has been a growing body of literature in meshfree methods. Much of this research is driven by a need to solve problems such as those occurring in fracture where a change in geometry (due to, for instance, crack extension) has necessitated re-meshing in traditional discretization schemes. Large, iterative, changes in geometry are in general characteristic of other class of problems such as large deformation analysis and optimal design. A problem similar in nature to the optimal design problems is the droplet shape problem, where the equilibrium configuration is determined as that possessing the least potential energy. NURBS curves and higher order entities are among the most sophisticated available at the present time to represent complex geometry. The Bernstein polynomials that serve as the basis function in NURBS can be shown to be a partition of unity representation. Thus, the NURBS representation provides an appropriate framework for the representation of field quantities in a meshfree analysis. Such an analysis scheme will be geometry-based and is therefore a very natural one in problems involving large changes in geometry such as the droplet shape prediction problems since changes in geometry need not be accompanied by remeshing. Here we will describe a general purpose java-based code for carrying out optimal design problems. We will illustrate the code using several example problems for solder droplet shape prediction.
Splenectomy leads to a persistent hypercoagulable state after trauma

Abstract Background It was hypothesized that splenectomy following trauma results in hypercoagulability. Methods A prospective, nonrandomized, single-center study was performed to evaluate coagulation parameters in trauma patients with splenic injury. Results Patients with splenectomy (n = 30) and nonoperative management (n = 50) were enrolled. Splenectomy patients were older, had higher Injury Severity Scores, and had longer intensive care unit and hospital stays ( P P P P P P P = .03). Conclusions A significant difference in deep venous thrombosis formation was noted, and coagulation assays indicated persistent hypercoagulability following splenectomy for trauma.