cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Industry Structure Strategic Adjustment under the Circumstances of the Economy Globalization

The globalization of the world economy is inevitable. China will be more involved in this process after its entrance to the WTO. And the economy structure adjustment, especially the strategic adjustment of the industry structure, will be a main aspect of Chinese economy in the near future. So it is of great realistic importance to study the industry structure strategic adjustment under the circumstances of the economy globalization. Our industry adjustment can keep up with the modern world economy only if we consider the big environment of the economy globalization. And only so can our industry structure adjustment play its role in promoting the economic growth.Bearing the realistic situation and problems of the Chinese industry structure in mind, we will ananlyze the characteristics of the new strategic adjustment of the industry structure.
(In)authenticity work: Constructing the realm of inauthenticity through Thomas Kinkade

Although we know that authenticity work can add value to cultural products, little research explores efforts to claim the inauthenticity of products in commercial markets. The question arises, how ...
Capacity Building: Integration of Palliative Care in Emergency Medicine

The emergency department (ED) cares for many seriously ill patients, including those with oncologic emergencies. In the seriously ill, ED visits tend to increase as the patient’s status deteriorates and as they approach the end of life. A collaborative approach between oncology, palliative care and emergency care providers has the potential to optimize patient care. This includes aligning patient and family goals with treatment plans and ensuring a smooth transition across care settings. Emergency medicine is increasingly taking a prominent role in integrating palliative care into emergency practice. For most seriously ill patients, their basic palliative care needs such as symptom control will likely be adequately met at the generalist level of palliative care provided by the ED providers. However, some patients with more complex issues and difficult-to-manage symptoms may need specialist level of palliative care delivered by providers with expertise and training in palliative medicine. This chapter outlines the role of ED palliative care in managing oncologic emergencies in the seriously ill patient. Initiatives such as the national Integrating Palliative Care into Emergency Medicine (IPAL-EM) project and other current models of ED palliative care integration are described. Finally, a stepwise approach to jump-start such an integration initiative is outlined for clinicians and administrators of programs that seek to optimize care for the seriously ill ED patient.
Ambulatory bilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism: is it safe?

Abstract Background We sought to determine if bilateral neck exploration (BNE) for hyperparathyroidism could be performed safely in an ambulatory setting (same-day discharge) when compared with focused parathyroidectomy. Methods A retrospective review of 503 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy from 2010 to 2015 was performed. Focused parathyroidectomy was compared with BNE. Only patients with positive localization and no prior operations were included. Results Forty-nine percent of patients underwent focused parathyroidectomy and 51% had BNE. BNE patients were more likely to have 1 or more glands removed (35% vs 14%, P P Conclusions In this study, BNE for hyperparathyroidism was associated with excision of more parathyroid glands and slightly longer operative times. However, BNE had equal rates of same-day discharges and safety profile.
Decoy I/O Devices

Decoy or fake I/O devices can thwart malware attacks by incorporating diversity, misdirection, and confusion into an operating system, while preserving system usability and manageability. The idea is to display on a computer system evidence of the decoy I/O devices following Chap. 7 ideas. Their projection would make them appear as valid targets of interception and malicious modification, or as means of propagation to target machines. Good candidates for decoy I/O devices could be:
Alienation, Private Property, and Democracy: Why Worrell and Krier Raise Questions in the Clouds:

In this article, I argue that Marx’s philosophy does not commit us to Worrell and Krier’s claim that a post-capitalist society will be a social formation in which all social relations appear unmedi...
Flux, Position, and Velocity Estimation in AC Machines at Zero and Low Speed via Tracking of High Frequency Saliencies

AbstractAchieving transducerless (sensorless) control of a.c. machines that is robust during sustained operation at or near zero speed (i.e. zero excitation frequency) is exceedingly difficult. This paper presents an elegantly simple and viable, generalized approach to achieving robust, accurate transducerless state estimation in polyphase a.c. machines, including the estimation of flux. position, and velocity in induction and synchronous machines at zero and low speeds. It is based upon the tracking of magnetic saliencies via inverter-generated high-frequency signal injection with demodulation incorporating heterodyning and a closed-loop observer. The saliencies may be saturation-induced, thus yielding a means of direct flux position estimation, or rotor-constructed and thus yielding rotor position and velocity estimation. Experimental results are provided demonstrating rotor position estimation with a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Abstract P042: Loss of Mcl-1 in the Heart Leads to Rapid Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Development of Heart Failure

Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein that is expressed at high levels in the heart. However, the functional importance of Mcl-1 in the heart has not been investigated. To study the function of Mcl-1 in cardiac myocytes, we generated inducible, myocyte-specific Mcl-1 knock-out mice using a tamoxifen-driven loxP/α-MHC-Cre-recombinase system. We found that deletion of Mcl-1 by tamoxifen injections resulted in rapid development of cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary edema and cardiac dysfunction in adult mice. Although Mcl-1 is known to inhibit apoptosis in cells, Mcl-1 deficient hearts were TUNEL negative and showed no activation of caspase-3. The anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L have also been reported to inhibit autophagy, but we found no increase in autophagy upon loss of Mcl-1. Western blot analysis of other Bcl-2 family members revealed that Bcl-2 was significantly increased in Mcl-1 deficient hearts, suggesting a compensatory mechanism. Interestingly, ultrastructural analysis revealed the presence of swollen mitochondria, ruptured cells, and intracellular contents in the extracellular space. These signs are characteristics of necrotic cell death. Mcl-1 deficient hearts also exhibited reduced mitochondrial respiration and significantly lower cellular ATP levels compared to wild type, suggesting that the loss of Mcl-1 impairs mitochondrial function. Moreover, mitochondria isolated from Mcl-1-/- hearts showed pronounced swelling at baseline that could be alleviated by polyethylene glycol-induced shrinkage. Calcium release experiments also showed higher baseline Ca 2+ levels in mitochondria from Mcl-1-/- hearts compared to wild type, suggesting that Mcl-1 deletion increases permeability to Ca 2+ . Our data suggest that loss of Mcl-1 in cardiac myocytes leads to rapid mitochondrial impairment and necrotic cell death. Thus, in addition to its anti-apoptotic role, Mcl-1 has an essential but unidentified role in maintaining mitochondrial function in cardiac myocytes.
Newsroom Workers’ Job Satisfaction Contingent on Position and Adaptation to Digital Disruption

A survey of journalists in the United States (N = 1181) finds that job satisfaction during the era of digital disruption varies across job titles. Previous studies have examined job satisfaction of these job titles individually, but this study compares job satisfaction among four primary occupations in the newspaper newsroom. Desk workers demonstrate lower levels of job satisfaction than non-desk workers, while sports journalists report higher levels of job satisfaction than non-sports workers. Furthermore, online responsibilities appear to be negatively received by desk workers, yet positively received by sports journalists. Open-ended explanations and the quantitative survey results discuss the implications of the demands, adaptation skills, and autonomy of newspaper workers on job satisfaction.
Tandem Oxidative Derivatization of Nitrene Insertion Products for the Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-aminoalcohols

Transition-metal-catalyzed nitrene insertion into tertiary C−H bonds located at stereogenic carbons often results in mixtures of diastereomeric products, especially if the reaction proceeds through a concerted pathway. In this communication, we report a solution to this problem that invokes a one-pot, silver-catalyzed C−H nitrene transfer reaction. Nitrene insertion is followed by facile oxidation of the amine to an imine and nucleophilic addition to furnish α-tertiary amine 1,3-aminoalcohol products in high diastereoselectivities. The silver catalyst, PhIO oxidant, and TEMPO additive are crucial to success in this unusual oxidation, which is proposed to occur via hydrogen-atom abstraction from pre-activation of the initial nitrene insertion product by additional oxidant.
Control of Respiration: a Problem in Signal Analysis

Abstract A speculative proposal that the physiological explication of the control of pulmonary ventilation in the mammal is made coherent and consistent with most physiological observation if the control conceptualization is formulated around the notion that air flow is the real part of an analytic time varying signal. The instantaneous amplitude and phase of the signal correspond to depth and rate of breathing. The waveform treated as a hybrid modulated waveform is demodulated by a chemosensitive neuron functioning as a phase and amplitude detector by postulating electrochemical properties commonly attributed to excitable cells. The microscopic anatomy of a chemoreceptor also adds positive and negative feedback mechanisms such that there are at least three inner control loops active in addition to the overall ventilatory control loop. Isocapnic control may lie in this structure.
Influence of matrix application timing on spectral reproducibility and quality in SELDI-TOF-MS.

Timing is Everything Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) is a robust platform for protein profiling and differential gene expression analysi...
Monitoring State-of-charge and State-of-health of VRLA Batteries Using Impedance Spectroscopy: Experimental Analysis

In this paper the impedance measurements of 24Ah valve regulated lead acid batteries are reported and analyzed. The monitoring process is performed using a designed and tested laboratory spectroscope during discharge process. The tests are done with constant rates within the range C/200 to C/5 and under ambient temperature. A simplified impedance model is used according to the relatively high excitation frequency range exploited (from few Hz to several kHz). Using the obtained results we would discuss the eventual correlation between battery impedance and its state of charge (SOC) and its state of health (SOH). The investigation clearly reveals the mainly resistive behaviour of the battery impedance. However even if the internal resistance is found to be function of the battery state of charge, a large part of this profile is found to be quasi-flat. Moreover the high influence of plate’s pore blocking process strongly related to the cycle rate is confirmed. A last set of extensive tests performed during a long period time have clearly shown that high frequency impedance could be an efficient battery state of health indicator since all battery history is stored in its variation.
Comparison of efficacy of social skills training for deficit and nondeficit negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of social skills training for individuals with schizophrenia who did or did not have the deficit syndrome. Method Three subjects with the deficit syndrome and three with nondeficit negative symptoms received 12 weeks of social skills training. Social skills and negative symptoms were evaluated before and after training and at 6-month follow-up. Results Patients with schizophrenia who did not have the deficit syndrome demonstrated significantly better social skills and lower negative symptoms both after training and at follow-up than did those who had the deficit syndrome. Conclusions Schizophrenic patients with nondeficit negative symptoms appear amenable to intensive social skills training, but schizophrenic patients with the deficit syndrome may have significant deficits in skill acquisition.
Creating a Crime Wave: The 1990

This study examines the emergence of crime as the nation's "most important problem" for the first time in U.S. polling history in 1994. By comparing polling data, news coverage waves, and crime statistics, the analysis challenges the argument that shifting media coverage is driven by public sentiment. It does so by demonstrating that a dramatic change in public opinion polls was precipitated by an unprecedented news coverage wave at a time when crime levels were actually falling. The study thus underscores the leading role media can play in the emergence of social problems and casts doubt on the notion that escalating expenditures for the American criminal justice system are driven principally by public demand.
THE MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY OF TOXINS THAT MODIFY VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS

ABSTRACT The voltage-gated sodium channel is the essential entity supporting impulse generation in many excitable cells. A plethora of naturallyoccurring plant and animal toxins bind to this glyco-proteinaceous channel and modify its normal behavior. This chapter reviews the separate and interactive affects of these different toxins.
Benzene-Induced Bone Marrow Cell Depression Caused by Inhibition of the Conversion of Pre-Interleukins-1α and -1β to Active Cytokines by Hydroquinone, a Biological Reactive Metabolite of Benzene

Benzene (BZ), a widely used industrial chemical and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is a hematotoxin that causes bone marrow (BM) cell depression in experimental animals and aplastic anemia in humans that are chronically exposed1-3. Marrow stromal macrophage (SO) dysfunction and deficient interleukin-1 (IL-1) production have been demonstrated in aplastic anemia. Markedly depressed IL-1 production was observed in adherence-separated, LPS-stimulated monocytes from 75 to 80 percent of patients with severe aplastic anemia compared with normal control subjects4,5. The SO is involved in hematopoietic regulation6–8 through the synthesis of several cytokines including IL-1, which synergizes with IL-3 to promote the development of the pluripotent stem cell to myeloid and lymphoid stem cells9. IL-1 is also involved in lymphocyte development and in the induction of cytokine production by stromal fibroblasts8,10,11. Inhibition of the production of active IL-1 in SO could result in a lack of cytokines, increased apoptosis of hematopoietic progenitor cells and thus aplastic anemia. Two IL-1 cytokines, IL-1 α and IL-1 β, are the products of distinct genes located on chromosome 212. The transcript of each gene is translated as a precursor protein of approximately 34 kDa that is converted by a specific protease to a biologically active cytokine of 17 kDa13. The processing of pre-IL-1α to mature cytokine is catalyzed by the calcium-activated, cysteine protease, calpain14,15. The release of IL-1β from the cell is also associated with the cleavage of its precursor form by a sulfhydryl-dependent protease referred to as IL-1β convertase (ICE)16–18.
Ancestral ecological endowments and missing women

This paper examines the relationship between ecological endowments in antiquity and contemporary female to male sex ratios in the population. It is found that there are proportionately more missing women in countries whose ancestral ecological endowments were poorer. This relationship is shown to be strong even after ancestral plough use, the timing of the Neolithic Transition, and many other potentially confounding factors are controlled for. Similar results are also obtained using district-level data from India.
Multilinear Discriminant Analysis Through Tensor-Tensor Eigendecomposition

The current paper presents a new approach to dimensionality reduction and supervised learning for classification of multi-class data. The approach is based upon recent developments in tensor decompositions and a newly defined algebra of circulants. In particular, it is shown that under the right tensor multiplication operator, a third order tensor can be written as a product of third order tensors that is analogous to a traditional matrix eigenvalue decomposition where the "eigenvectors" become eigenmatrices and the "eigenvalues" become eigen-tuples. This new development allows for a proper tensor eigenvalue decomposition to be defined and has natural extension to tensor linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Comparisons are made with traditional LDA and it is shown that the current approach is capable of improved classification results for benchmark datasets involving faces, objects, and hand written digits.
308) The Divergent Effects of Subjective Social Status on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Black and White Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain

While conventional socioeconomic status measures such as education, income, and occupation are often important predictors of health, subjective social status is also a critical determinant of physical and mental health among adults. Subjective social status takes into account perceived standing on multiple dimensions of socioeconomic status and social position. What remains unclear is whether subjective social status is similarly associated with health for individuals from different racial backgrounds. The aim of this ongoing study was to examine the association between subjective social status and depressive symptoms, and whether the nature of this association differed between Black and White adults with chronic low back pain (cLBP). Participants included 44 adults with cLBP (24 Black and 20 White) recruited from an academic pain treatment center in Birmingham Alabama. Subjective social status was measured using a symbolic ladder with 10 rungs that asked participants to place themselves in comparison with others in the U.S., with consideration for what it means to be at the top and bottom of society (e.g., the top have the most money and education and the best jobs). Participants also provided sociodemographic data (e.g., ethnicity/race) and completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale. Results revealed that the association between subjective social status and depressive symptoms was significantly moderated by racial background (t = -5.56, p
Harm Reduction in Domestic Violence: Does Marijuana Make Assaults Safer?

While all forms of domestic violence can be uniquely traumatizing, incidents resulting in serious injury can lead to lasting physical, mental, and financial consequences for the victim. Hence, it is surprising that most literature on the effects of policy intervention on domestic violence treats such incidents as homogeneous rather than considering differing levels of victim injury. This study provides evidence that decriminalization of marijuana leads to substantial declines in victim injury. Among domestic violence assaults where the victim suffered a serious injury, there was a significant decline in incidents where the offender was under the influence of alcohol or used a weapon.
Queer voices from the locker room

Too often, the lived realities of LGBTQ people are silenced, misheard, and purposefully ignored. Since the inauguration of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States, increasing number...
Computational Thinking in Music: A Data-Driven General Education STEAM Course

This poster outlines the design and results of a course entitled "Computational Thinking in Music." The course teaches computational thinking principles as a general education objective to undergraduate students, using data-driven investigation to inform musical composition. Students compose a song to imitate an artist of their choice by analyzing data extracted from a corpus of crowd-sourced pop song transcriptions. Students learn principles of abstraction, decomposition, and algorithmic thinking; no coding experience is required. Quantitative and qualitative results indicate that students are learning and applying computational thinking principles. Since the course is designed and taught by a musician and is run in the music department, students also learn a significant amount of music theory and composition, including harmonic structures and harmonization principles, melodic organization, consonance and dissonance, aural analysis of formal structures and meter, and influence of rhythm and timbre to create desired sounds.
Cold tolerance in the genus Arabidopsis.

Premise Cold tolerance is an important factor limiting the geographic distribution and growing season for many plant species, yet few studies have examined variation in cold tolerance extensively within and among closely related species and compared that to their geographic distribution. Methods This study examines cold tolerance within and among species in the genus Arabidopsis. We assessed cold tolerance by measuring electrolyte leakage from detached leaves in multiple populations of five Arabidopsis taxa. The temperature at which 50% of cells were lysed was considered the lethal temperature (LT50 ). Results We found variability within and among taxa in cold tolerance. There was no significant within-species relationship between latitude and cold tolerance. However, the northern taxa, A. kamchatica, A. lyrata subsp. petraea, and A. lyrata subsp. lyrata, were more cold tolerant than A. thaliana and A. halleri subsp. gemmifera both before and after cold acclimation. Cold tolerance increased after cold acclimation (exposure to low, but nonfreezing temperatures) for all taxa, although the difference was not significant for A. halleri subsp. gemmifera. For all taxa except A. lyrata subsp. lyrata, the LT50 values for cold-acclimated plants were higher than the January mean daily minimum temperature (Tmin ), indicating that if plants were not insulated by snow cover, they would not likely survive winter at the northern edge of their range. Conclusions Arabidopsis lyrata and A. kamchatica were far more cold tolerant than A. thaliana. These extremely cold-tolerant taxa are excellent candidates for studying both the molecular and ecological aspects of cold tolerance.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. Medical Inspectors/Medical Officers I

The practice of occupational medicine in the United States relies increasingly upon epidemiology. Sixty-four percent of physicians in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are trained in epidemiology, and the number of physician-epidemiologists in NIOSH has increased since 1976 from 11 to 29.
A Proposal for the Improvement of the Mathematics Training of Elementary School Teachers.

a number of recommendations for improving the mathematics part of teacher-education programs were made before the new mathematics era,1 very little change in the mathematics preparation of elementary school teachers took place until after new mathematics began to be widely used in the elementary schools. Then, when teachers began to meet elements of strange new content, the need for additional math-
The Community’s Sage: The Preacher’s Call and the Congregation’s Response

Preaching the gospel within community is always for the sake of the community. It is one means God uses to inject hope into the realm of human striving, cultural rupture, and ecclesiastical instabi...
Proteasome-Bound UCH37/UCHL5 Debranches Ubiquitin Chains to Promote Degradation

The linkage, length, and architecture of ubiquitin (Ub) chains are all important variables in providing tight control over many biological paradigms. There are clear roles for branched architectures in regulating proteasome-mediated degradation, but the proteins that selectively recognize and process these atypical chains are unknown. Here, using synthetic and enzyme-derived ubiquitin chains along with intact mass spectrometry, we report that UCH37/UCHL5, a proteasome-associated deubiquitinase, cleaves K48 branched chains. The activity and selectivity toward branched chains is markedly enhanced by the proteasomal Ub receptor RPN13/ADRM1. Using reconstituted proteasome complexes, we find that chain debranching promotes degradation of substrates modified with branched chains under multi-turnover conditions. These results are further supported by proteome-wide pulse-chase experiments, which show that the loss of UCH37 activity impairs global protein turnover. Our work therefore defines UCH37 as a debranching deubiquitinase important for promoting proteasomal degradation.
Hub Network Design

Hub network design problems (HNDPs) lie at the heart of network design planning in transportation and telecommunications systems. Hub-based networks provide connections between many origins and destinations via hub facilities that serve as transshipment, consolidation, or sorting points for commodities. Hub facilities help to reduce the number of required arcs to connect all nodes and enable economies of scale due to the consolidation of flows on relatively few arcs. HNDPs can be seen as a class of multicommodity network design problems in which node selection decisions are taken into account. This chapter overviews the key features of hub networks, the types of decisions that are usually considered when designing them, and how these decisions interact between them. We describe commonly considered assumptions and properties and highlight how these impact the formulation and solution of various classes of HNDPs.
An Unsuspected Intraventricular Schwannoma

Intraventricular schwannomas are rarely encountered in neurosurgical practice. The development and progression of a schwannoma within the ventricular system is still a hypothesised theory. Here, we present a case of a 59-year-old female who presented with a three-week history of headaches. Her symptoms progressively worsened, with resultant altered mental status within the last week. Imaging scans of the brain demonstrated a well-defined mass within the right lateral ventricle with associated midline shift and obstructive hydrocephalus. A parietal craniotomy and resection of the intraventricular mass was performed. Her postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathological assessment depicted a biphasic pattern of Antoni A and B, with a strongly positive S100. This was in keeping with an intraventricular schwannoma. The diagnosis of an intraventricular schwannoma does not fit within the classical differential framework for ventricular masses. These tumours are extremely uncommon but fortunately, they are typically benign. Therefore, adequate surgical resection remains the gold standard of care for these unfamiliar masses.
An Air Force Pilot Training Recommendation System Using Advanced Analytical Methods

AbstractThe planning of individualized pilot training programs is an intensive process. Over 120 maneuvers are introduced into the training program over time while ensuring maneuver competencies. T...
Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets: Calculations of Convection in Two Dimensions

Introduction Although approximate solutions, such as those considered in the previous chapter, provide important insights into mantle convection, numerical solutions are required for a full understanding of the phenomenon. Ideally, numerical models should be three dimensional because whenever convection occurs in Nature it is invariably a three-dimensional phenomenon and thermal convection in the Earth's mantle is no exception to this rule. The evidence from plate tectonics and seismic tomography clearly indicates that the flow pattern is three dimensional beneath the lithosphere. However, even the largest computers are not adequate to model all the relevant physics of fully three-dimensional mantle convection. Two-dimensional numerical models of convection have therefore proven to be extremely useful for exploring the basic fluid mechanics of mantle convection. The eventual goal of numerical modeling is to provide a complete picture of the flow with in the Earth's mantle. This would be analogous to the general circulation models (GCMs) used in weather forecasting and climate modeling. There are a number of difficulties associated with the development of a comprehensive mantle convection model: The appropriate equations must be specified. We know what the appropriate fluid equations are and these have been presented in Chapter 6. However, we do not know all the nonfluid rheological laws that are important in mantle convection. For example, we are uncertain about how to model subduction and other types of lithospheric deformation which directly interact with the fluid processes at depth. The introduction of fault-like behavior into flow models is at an early stage of development (see Chapter 10) and the efforts in this direction are, so far, incomplete.
A Two-Degree-of-Freedom Controller with an Adjoint System as the Control Reference

A new precompensation technique is demonstrated that improves the performance of both optimal regulators and fixed-final-time control systems. This paper applies the technique to improve the response of an unstable Multi-Input-Multi-Output aircraft model with a lightly damped, highly oscillatory wing bending mode.
INACTIVATION OF THE RADIATION-RESISTANT SPOILAGE BACTERIUM MICROCOCCUS RADIODURANS. II. RADIATION INACTIVATION RATES AS INFLUENCED BY MENSTRUUM TEMPERATURE, PREIRRADIATION HEAT TREATMENT, AND CERTAIN REDUCING AGENTS.

The R1 strain of Micrococcus radiodurans, previously determined to be more resistant than three other strains exposed to gamma radiation, was studied further to determine the influence of certain environmental factors on resistance to radiation inactivation. The frozen state offered insignificant protection to the organisms irradiated in raw pureed beef. Resistance was reduced by higher menstruum temperatures (40 and 50 C) during irradiation. Preirradiation heat treatment was found to lower resistance to subsequent irradiation. When the cells were irradiated in buffer at pH 5, 7, or 9, no differences in resistance were noted. Cell suspensions in buffer were protected to some extent by cysteine but not by thioglycolate. Ascorbate enhanced radiation inactivation.
Minimization of Binder Content for the Production of Injection‐Molded Aluminum Nitride Parts

This paper examines several factors that influence the viscosity of ceramic suspensions for injection molding applications. The mode of dispersant addition is found to play a major role increasing the volume fraction of solids while maintaining the viscosity at a reasonable level. 37 refs.
AN INTERMEDIATE IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF LYSINE IN NEUROSPORA

Investigations by Doermann (1, 2) have provided evidence for the existence of at least four distinct genetic types of lysine-requiring mutants of Neurospora. One of these (strain 4545) has been utilized in a method for biological assay for this amino acid (3). More recently evidence for some interrelation between the biosynthesis of uridine and lysine (4) has prompted further investigations of the group of lysineless mutants.
Syphilis and HIV infection among displaced pregnant women in rural Mozambique.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among displaced pregnant women in Mozambique to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection and syphilis. Between September 1992 and February 1993, 1728 consecutive antenatal attendees of 14 rural clinics in Zambezia were interviewed, examined, and tested for HIV and syphilis antibodies. The seroprevalence of syphilis and HIV were 12.2% and 2.9%, respectively. Reported sexual abuse was frequent (8.4%) but sex for money was uncommon. A positive MHA-TP result was significantly associated with unmarried status, history of past STD, HIV infection, and current genital ulcers, vaginal discharge, or genital warts. Significant correlates of HIV seropositivity included anal intercourse, history of past STD, and syphilis. In summary, displaced pregnant women had a high prevalence of syphilis but a relatively low HIV seroprevalence suggesting recent introduction of HIV infection in this area or slow spread of the epidemic. A syphilis screening and treatment programme is warranted to prevent perinatal transmission and to reduce the incidence of chancres as a cofactor for HIV transmission.
Enhancing patient–provider communication through bibliotherapy: A brief historical review

Quality communication in the delivery of health care is critical. When providers communicate well with patients, fears are relieved and mental well-being is improved. Encounters that leave a patient feeling validated and comforted may improve emotional health and provide a more fulfilling health-care experience. Unfortunately, deficiencies in communication exist in health care and can result in poor health outcomes. Numerous studies have identified risks associated with poor communication. Bibliotherapy, the use of reading as a therapeutic tool, is an age-old practice with marginal risk and potential real benefits. It may be a way for health-care organizations to enhance communication between patients and care givers. This literature review details the clinical and psychological benefits of strong communication and highlights how bibliotherapy may be used to improve patient well-being.
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from the archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum is an (αβ)2 heterotetrameric protein

Abstract Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from the methanogenic archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was purified to apparent homogeneity. The catalytically active enzyme is a heterotetramer composed of two subunits, α and β. N-terminal sequence data were obtained for both subunits and the open reading frames MT770 and MT742 of the genome sequence of M. thermoautotrophicum were identified as coding for these proteins. Two ORFs with similarity to non-archaeal PheRSs α-subunits had previously been found in the genome sequence, but these results show that only one of them, MT742, is part of the active PheRS.
Positronium interactions with strained surface rings in porous silica

Abstract Strained cyclic surface rings formed on pore surfaces of silica gels during thermal dehydroxylation are investigated using Raman scattering and annihilation of positronium. Strained three member rings are found to shorten orthopositronium lifetime significantly. Surface rings are broken by adsorbing water vapor onto pore surfaces which leads to increased orthopositronium lifetime. A correlation between positronium lifetimes and the amount of water adsorbed allows determination of the surface density of strained rings for samples fired at temperatures from 200 to 900°C.
Leydig Cell Hypoplasia: A Cause of Male Pseudohermaphroditism.

A patient with male pseudohermaphroditism is presented whose testicular biopsy showed marked paucity of the Leydig cell populations to which is attributed testosterone deficiency and impaired spermatogenesis.
Fitting and interpolating calibration data for carbon-glass thermometers

Abstract The function In R = A T − m + B has been used to fit the calibration data of nine carbon-glass resistance temperature sensors. By dividing the data into seven distinct regions and using the least-squares method to fit the data in each region with this function, it was possible to fit each calibration set to within the stated accuracy of the calibration. The advantage of this method is that the fitting function is easy to use, easy to invert analytically and yields better interpolations than some other commonly used functions. In addition a procedure is also given whereby miscalibrated points or small jumps in the resistivity of the sensor can be easily identified.
Inhibition of HIV replication by immunoliposomal antisense oligonucleotide

The sequence-specific suppression of HIV-1 replication using CD4 monoclonal-antibody-targeted liposomes, containing Rev antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides is described. Liposomes were prepared by encapsulating the 20-mer antisense DNA sequence of the rev HIV-1 regulatory gene, in the form of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide. Specific targeting was accomplished by conjugating anti-CD4 mouse monoclonal antibody to the surface of the liposomes. HIV-1-infected H9 cells as well as peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were incubated with the immunoliposomes of antisense found to have potential antiviral effect. HIV-1 replication was reduced by 85% in antisense immunoliposome-treated H9 cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, whereas the inhibition of HIV-1 replication was not observed using either empty immunoliposomes or immunoliposomes containing scrambled Rev phosphorothioate oligonucleotide sequences. The antiviral activity of both the free and the encapsulated oligonucleotides were assessed by p24, reverse transcriptase (RT) assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Liposome preparations demonstrated minimal toxicity in H9 as well as in peripheral blood lymphocyte cell culture experiments. These in vitro culture results demonstrate the potential efficacy of immunoliposomes to inhibit HIV replication.
Thermal Cycling Aids Folding of a Recombinant Human β-Casein with Four Extra N-Terminal Amino Acid Residues

Due to the limited secondary structure, it is believed that the caseins of milk, particularly the beta-caseins (beta-CN), may be in a mostly random-coil conformation or in various structures that result from random association of hydrophobic residues. However, the self-association of the human proteins with increasing temperature (T) and in the presence of Ca2+ is reproducible, implying that they normally fold into fixed tertiary structures. A nonphosphorylated recombinant human beta-CN with four extra amino acids at the N-terminus (GSHM-) was prepared and studied by laser light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, fluorescence spectroscopy, turbidity, and circular dichroism. In 3.3 M urea or at 4 degrees C, the protein was monomeric, as expected. Increasing T both without and with the addition of Ca2+ ions caused self-association as it does for the nonphosphorylated native beta-CN but with a somewhat different interaction pattern. However, returning the protein to its monomeric state by reequilibration at 4 degrees C followed again by increasing T caused a shift in the pattern. Such thermal cycling eventually caused the protein to equilibrate to a particular conformation where no more change could be observed. The resulting interaction pattern was similar to that of the native protein but differed particularly in that there was more extensive self-association for the recombinant mutant. The equilibration to a stable conformation was more rapid in the presence of Ca2+ ions. This suggests that the native protein normally folds into a particular conformation which may be aided by Ca2+ in the mammary gland. Further study of a recombinant form with the native amino acid sequence is needed.
Vertical Integration as an Explanation for the Creation of Special Journal Issues

Continuing the dialogue about the use of special issues by journals in the field of management, this commentary focuses on McKinley's belief that the creation of special issues was motivated by the desire of journal editors to influence the flow of submissions to their journal and is thus a form of vertical integration. The author largely agrees with McKinley's belief but thinks that the analogy to vertical integration may be a bit of a stretch. If journal editors want to get serious about vertical integration, though, the author has several suggestions that might help them.
Manufacturing Strategy: A Methodology and an Illustration

Manufacturing strategy is a critical part of the firm's corporate and business strategies, comprising a set of well-coordinated objectives and action programs aimed at securing a long-term, sustainable advantage over competitors. It should be consistent with the firm's overall strategies, as well as with other functional strategies. A methodology for designing such manufacturing strategies has been successfully tested in actual manufacturing environments, including the Packard Electric Division of General Motors.
Use of logarithms to the base 2 in recording serological reactions.

The expression of dilution titres for serological reactions frequently requires the use of large numbers. In cases where the antibody content of an immune serum is high, the conventional means of recording the titre may be misleading ; that is, the difference between a titre of 1 : 10,240 and 1 : 20,480 seemingly is greater than that between 1 : 40 and 1 : 80 but both represent only a single dilution step in the usual procedure and have the same degree of precision. Since serological procedures usually involve serial twofold dilutions, the resulting titres are exponential functions of 2. Consequently, we suggest the simple expedient of using logarithms to the base 2 (log2) to express serological titration data.
The Role of Propagating and Localized Surface Plasmons for SERS Enhancement in Periodic Nanostructures

Periodic arrays of plasmonic nanopillars have been shown to provide large, uniform surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancements. We show that these enhancements are the result of the combined impact of localized and propagating surface plasmon modes within the plasmonic architecture. Here, arrays of periodically arranged silicon nanopillars of varying sizes and interpillar gaps were fabricated to enable the exploration of the SERS response from two different structures; one featuring only localized surface plasmon (LSP) modes and the other featuring LSP and propagating (PSP) modes. It is shown that the LSP modes determine the optimal architecture, and thereby determine the optimum diameter for the structures at a given incident. However, the increase in the SERS enhancement factor for a system in which LSP and PSP cooperatively interact was measured to be over an order of magnitude higher and the peak in the diameter dependence was significantly broadened, thus, such structures not only provide larger enhancement factors but are also more forgiving of lithographic variations.
Experimental treatments for acute ischaemic stroke

Treatments for acute ischaemic stroke continue to evolve. Experimental approaches to restore cerebral perfusion include techniques to augment recanalising therapies, including combination of antiplatelet agents with intravenous thrombolysis, bridging therapy of combining intravenous with intra-arterial thrombolysis, and trials of new thrombolytic agents. Trials with MRI selection criteria are underway to expand the window of opportunity for thrombolysis. Sonothrombolysis and novel endovascular mechanical devices to retrieve or dissolve acute cerebral occlusions are being tested. Approaches to improve cerebral perfusion with other devices and induced hypertension are also being considered. Although numerous neuroprotective agents have not shown benefit, trials of hypothermia, magnesium, caffeinol, high doses of statins, and albumin are continuing. The findings of these randomised trials are anticipated to allow improved treatment of patients with acute stroke.
A Rapid and Sensitive Method of Quantitative Determination of Apomorphine

A rapid and specific assay procedure has been developed for the routine determination of apomorphine. The method involves oxidation of the compound by mercuric chloride and ultraviolet absorption analysis of the extracted reaction product at 330 mμ. The product obeys Beer's law over a wide range of concentration. Optimum conditions for the reaction have been investigated. The method has been applied to the recovery of added apomorphine from aqueous solutions and biological materials. As little as 0.1 mcg. per ml. can be assayed by the procedure.
Psychopathology of Epilepsy. To the Editor.

I read with great interest the excellent article by Kanner and Barry (1) concerning the psychopathology of epilepsy versus other disorders. I would agree with Dr. Kanner that the psychopathology of patients with epilepsy is different from that seen in purely psychiatric patients, but so is the psychopathology of patients with other neurological disorders. The current situation as regards the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy is reminiscent of all psychiatric diagnosis before the development of the research diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders (1) and then DSM-III (2). What is needed now is a set of research diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy that could be tested for validity and reliability. Most epileptologists have neither the training nor the inclination to treat psychiatric disorders and leave this to their psychiatric colleagues. Psychiatrists are trained to use the DSM for diagnosis and it seems most reasonable to make the psychiatric diagnoses in patients with epilepsy within a framework with which the psychiatrists are familiar. The 293 class of coding in DSM-IV (3) or the FO6/7 coding in ICD-10 (4) codes for psychiatric disorders due to other medical conditions, such as epilepsy, which would be the Axis III diagnosis. This use of this
Grammatical and Indexical Convention in Honorific Discourse

This article examines the structure of honorific expressions in Lhasa Tibetan and their contextualized function in discourse. Honorific expressions are grammatically valued items of the language that are indexical of deference toward referents picked out in interactional events. Moreover, the category of referent deferred-to varies by the grammatical class of the expression. Four grammaticalized indexical categories are distinguished in these terms. Additional themes discussed include the role of ideology in shaping speaker awareness of conventional indexical effects, and the role of discourse-based indexicality in transcending the limits of such conventios.
The role of antipsychotic agents in the treatment of bipolar disorder patients

Antipsychotic agents have been an important adjunct in the acute and at times prophylactic management of bipolar disorder patients. As a result of safety considerations, particularly the risk of tardive dyskinesia, there are concerns about their long-term use as adjunctive treatment. Although alternative agents have been proposed, some treatment-refractory cases may not respond as well to other regimens. This sub-group of patients has not been well characterized, but may result from overinclusive criteria in defining bipolar disorder. A comprehensive Medline search dating back to 1966 was conducted to identify published studies on antipsychotic utilization in bipolar disorder patients. We investigated the support for their use, and their effectiveness in this population, and attempted to define the group of patients requiring antipsychotic treatment. Additionally, we reviewed specific safety considerations, and suggested standards for their use in bipolar patients.
Another Harry Stafford Letter

Supplements Arthur Golden's note in the same issue by presenting another letter from Harry Stafford to Whitman postmarked July 17, 1880.