cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION TO AFRICAN RAINFALL

This is a comprehensive study of the rainfall response over Africa to ENSO episodes in the Pacific. The harmonic method utilized by Ropelewski and Halpert is applied to 90 regionally averaged rainfall time series for the period 1901‐1990. The analysis was a composite of 20 episodes within this period. Seasons of maximum positive anomalies and maximum negative anomalies in the composite were identified. The method identifies 15 multiregion sectors where ENSO appears to modulate rainfall. The strongest signals are in eastern equatorial and south-eastern Africa. A continental-scale signal is also apparent. The magnitude, seasonal timing and duration, and consistency of the rainfall response to ENSO vary among the sectors and from episode to episode. The rainfall response is clearly seasonally specific. In general, the onset of the ENSO signal in rainfall commences far to the south and propagates latitudinally northward. For this reason, the equatorial regions are out-of-phase with the continental pattern. The ENSO mechanism is probably responsible for many of the well-established rainfall teleconnections over the continent, including the strong tendency for opposite anomalies in equatorial and southern Africa. There is a strong tendency for positive anomalies to occur during the first half of the ENSO cycle, negative during the second half. This corresponds to ‘cold’ and ‘warm’ phases in the adjacent Atlantic and Indian Oceans; continentally, rainfall tends to be enhanced during the cold phase, reduced during the warm phase. The northward propagation is most pronounced during the cold phase; a similar propagation and phase shift occurs at this time in the Atlantic. The rainfall anomalies of the warm phase are nearly constant in phase, as are the SST anomalies in the Indian Ocean. This suggests that, in general, the Atlantic Ocean controls rainfall during the cold phase, the Indian Ocean during the warm phase.
Synthesis and Microphase Separation of Linear Triblock Terpolymers of Polystyrene, High 1,4-Polybutadiene, and High 3,4-Polyisoprene

We introduce a new combination of diene/diene microstructures to form microphase-separated ABC terpolymers. The synthesis and morphology of two triblock terpolymers of the poly(butadiene-b-styrene-b-isoprene) (BSI) type and one poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-isoprene) (SBI) type are reported. The microstructure for the PB block was 92 wt % 1,4- and 8 wt % 1,2- and for the PI block 54 wt % 3,4-, 16 wt % 1,2-, and 30 wt % 1,4-. A three-component microphase-separated system occurred even when the two diene blocks were adjacent, as in the SBI sequence, leading to the conclusion that the PB:PI 1,4/3,4 diene combination has a larger Flory−Huggins χ parameter than the other three possible combinations of PB:PI diene microstructures. A new type of cylindrical microdomain structure with alternating types of diene regions along the cylinder axis is observed.
Examination of Porous-Coated Patellar Components and Analysis of the Reasons for Their Retrieval

One-hundred-fifteen retrieved, porous-coated, uncemented patellar knee components of a wide variety of designs were examined for type and amount of tissue ingrowth and for wear and creep of the polyethylene-articulating surface. Examples of well-fixed patellar components of all designs presented regions of bone ingrowth independent of pore size, number of fixation pegs, and the presence or absence of coating on the pegs. Polyethylene breakdown, including delamination, pitting, subsurface cracking, and separation from the metal backing, was common. Comparative analysis indicates that solutions exist and include increasing congruency and polyethylene thickness and eliminating metal fixation buttons.
Transcriptome-wide polymorphisms of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) reveal patterns of gene flow and local adaptation.

Global climate change is projected to accelerate during the next century, altering oceanic patterns in temperature, pH and oxygen concentrations. Documenting patterns of genetic adaptation to these variables in locations that currently experience geographic variation in them is an important tool in understanding the potential for natural selection to allow populations to adapt as climate change proceeds. We sequenced the mantle transcriptome of 39 red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) individuals from three regions (Monterey Bay, Sonoma, north of Cape Mendocino) distinct in temperature, aragonite saturation, exposure to hypoxia and disease pressure along the California coast. Among 1.17 3 10 6 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in this study (1.37% of the transcriptome), 21 579 could be genotyped for all individuals. A principal components analysis concluded that the vast majority of SNPs show no population structure from Monterey, California to the Oregon border, in corroboration with several previous studies. In contrast, an FST outlier analysis indicated 691 SNPs as exhibiting significantly higher than expected differentiation (experiment-wide P < 0.05). From these, it was possible to identify 163 genes through BLAST annotation, 34 of which contained more than one outlier SNP. A large number of these genes are involved in biomineralization, energy metabolism, heat-, disease- or hypoxia-tolerance. These genes are candidate loci for spatial adaptation to geographic variation that is likely to increase in the future.
Cardiovascular Membranes as Models for the Study of Free Radical Injury

Following ischemia — a condition characterized by oxygen depletion, acidosis, and retention of tissue metabolites (1) — severe oxidative damage to cardiovascular tissues occurs upon reperfusion. However, early reperfusion remains the major clinical method to salvage ischemic myocardium and further elucidation of the multiple injury mechanisms operative during ischemia/reperfusion is necessary to solve this paradoxical dilemma. In the process of ischemia/reperfusion, mounting evidence has confirmed that the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals participates in the injury process (2–4). At the whole organ level, the reported protection of cardiovascular tissues by antioxidant-type enzymes (eg. superoxide dismutase and catalase), antioxidant drugs (eg. deferoxamine) and vitamins (eg. vitamin E) suggest a role for free radicals in the reperfusion injury. In recent years studies employing electron spin resonance spectroscopy and spin-trapping agents have shown that increased production of free radicals occurs during ischemia and myocardial reperfusion (4–11). The specific cellular sites of generation of these toxic free radicals are not known. Certainly white cells migrating into ischemic/reperfused areas of myocardium are capable of generating significant amounts of superoxide anions (2,12–14); endothelial cells (15–17) and cardiomyocytes (18) have been reported to generate oxygen-derived free radicals as well. Nevertheless, the relative contribution of each of the various cell types to the overall process of injury of cardiovascular tissues remains an area of intense investigation. One significant challenge for this area of investigation is whether or not sufficient radicals accumulate to overwhelm the intrinsic cellular protective mechanisms.
Pillared Clays: Synthesis and Structural Features

This paper summarizes some of the recent advances that have been made in the synthesis and structural characterization of pillared clays. The usual synthetic approaches to clays pillared by polyoxocations depend on the formation of suitable cationic oligomers through hydrolysis reactions. More versatile routes less dependent on hydrolysis chemistry are currently being developed which make use of the in situ oxidation of metal cluster cations within the clay galleries. Pillared clays that are well ordered in the direction normal to the silicate layers exhibit several orders of 00 l x-ray reflection and zeolitic adsorption properties. However, pillared clays can also contain delaminated fractions in which some of the layers are believed to aggregate in a card-house fashion. In the limit of such aggregation the delaminated clays are essentially x-ray amorphous. Information concerning the nature of the pillaring aggregates and their interaction with the silicate layers is beginning to come to light through magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR studies. MAS NMR investigations of aluminum pillared clays indicate that depending on the nature of the host clay, the alumina aggregates may chemically react with the silicate layers in forming a cross-linked structure. In other types of pillared clays the silicate layers do not become involved in chemical bond formation through reaction with the pillaring aggregate.
An Analysis of Related High-risk Factors in Infantile Cerebral Palsy in Zhoushan

OBJECTIVE To analyze the high-risk factors of cerebral palsy in Zhoushan infants, and probe into the early-period precautionary measures. METHOD First, choose cerebral palsy infants who came to see the doctor between 2002 and 2009 as observation group, and choose normal infants of the same age as the control group. Second, analyze the differences concerning nearly 50 high-risk factors, including family factor, mother factor and newlyborn factor. RESULTS In the observation group, 123 of the 136 infants have some high-risk factor. The number of the children who have more than two high-risk factors is 98, while the number of the normal children who have some high-risk factor is 78. The children having more than two high-risk factors are only 46. This difference contains statistics significance. The most common causes are wrong medicine-taking during pregnancy, premature birth, toxemia of pregnancy, infection in utero, afterbirth suffocate, low birthweight, abnormal delivery, etc. CONCLUSION Cerebral palsy is closely related to different high-risk factors during pregnancy and early-period nursing. We must take precautionary meatures during ante partum, intrapartum and post partum in order to decrease the cerebral palsy rate.
Development and application of project-based basic nursing materials with the post demand as the core

Objective To explore the development and application effects of project-based basic nursing mateials with the post demand as the core.Methods Five teaching modules,seventeen teaching projects,forty-six teaching tasks and nineteen key operation skills were developed.The materials developing process included building materials development teams,clinical nursing post investigation,determining the basic nursing teaching outline,structure and contents,establishing a good teaching environment according to the clinical nursing posts.Results The scores of theory and knowledge application ability in the experimental class were significantly higher than those of the control class(P0.01).The satisfaction degrees in the experimental class were significantly higher than those of the control group(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusion The application of the project-based basic nursing materials can meet the requirement of current teaching reform,pay more attention to the education of higher vocational practical nursing personnel and improve the students' comprehensive vocational skills.
A Note on the Folly of Cross-Sectional Operationalizations of Generations

Costanza and Finkelstein ( 2015 ) have justly argued that cross-sectional operationalizations of generational groups represent a confound that constrains the ability to unequivocally separate the effects of age and period. A related statistical argument against this practice bears consideration as well. Namely, cross-sectional operationalizations of generations have the potential to unduly inflate type two-error rates when compared with the analysis of simple age effects. This is a problem because true age effects can be erroneously ignored in studies where age is artificially split into assumed generational groups. Indeed, the argument against artificially bifurcating continuous data is not new (e.g., Cohen, 1983 ), however past attempts to make inferences about generational effects in cross-sectional designs present an opportunity to investigate the particularly insidious nature of this practice and its implications. To demonstrate the problem at hand, let us consider a brief empirical example by virtue of a simulation study.
RESPONSE OF SINGLE CRYSTAL CALCITE SHOCKED TO 40 KBAR ALONG THE C-AXIS

Phase transformations in the shocked single crystal calcite have been examined, over the 20 - 40 kbar stress range, using quartz gauges to obtain transmitted stress-time profiles. The calcite I-II transition is very rapid and occurs at a longitudinal stress of 17.6 ± 0.4 kbar (mean stress 13.8 kbar). Based on all available data, this transition occurs when a critical density of 2.77 g/cm3 is reached, independent of the loading type and mean stress. Consistent with the shock response as inferred from static data, no wave instability due to the calcite II-III transition is observed. Calcite III starts to transform to another phase, possibly aragonite, at a driving stress close to 27 kbar. This transition exhibits time-dependent behavior.
“I consider being gay a very high risk factor”: How Perceptions of a Partner’s Sexual Identity Influence Perceptions of HIV Risk Among Gay and Bisexual Men

Gay and bisexual men (GBM) in the USA experience a disproportionate burden of new HIV infections. Previous studies demonstrate that gay self-identification and outness are associated with GBM’s sexual risk-taking behaviors. However, little is known about the extent to which GBM make sexual decisions based on the level of HIV risk they associate with a male partner’s sexual identity. Using qualitative interviews with 13 GBM, we examine how a partner’s gay identification, outness, and sex with women influence perceptions of HIV risk and decisions about condoms. Participants discussed a reduced HIV risk perception for partners who were not gay-identified, not out, or having sex with women, based on the belief that they were not having sex with other men. Some participants stated that this could lead to condomless sex. Participants perceived lower risk despite stating that these partners had reduced exposure to HIV prevention interventions and increased substance use during intercourse. These findings indicate a potential discrepancy between how GBM perceive HIV risk and the behavioral factors associated with risk. HIV prevention messages and policies should focus on tackling the myth that a non-gay identity is protective of HIV and decentralize messages and policies from being only about gay men.
Delayed Presentation of a Chronic Morel-Lavallée Lesion

Morel-Lavellee lesions are soft tissue degloving injuries resulting from shearing trauma that induces separation of the superficial and deep fascias creating a potential space that becomes filled with hemolymph. Here we present a case of a 28-year-old male presenting with a persistent Type I Morel-Lavallee lesion 2.5 years after an automobile versus pedestrian accident. These lesions can be visualized via computed tomography, plain film and ultrasound, but magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice for their identification and characterization.
Management of the Dilated Obstructed Ureter

Megaureters have been classified as refluxing, obstructed, nonrefluxing-nonobstructed, and refluxing-obstructed. The recommendations for the management of each type are fairly well agreed on. Where controversy has arisen is in the differentiation of the types, especially the primary obstructed from the nonrefluxing-nonobstructed. Distinguishing dilatations that represent significant obstruction from those that apparently are anatomic variants having no detrimental implications for renal function is no simple task, especially in the neonatal infant.
Secrecy and the Liberal State

It is possible to trace the emergence of the state, understood as an entity in its own right, to the sixteenth century, when states as we know them today were in their infancy. The ‘reason of state’ tradition, which emerged during this period, made some compelling and novel claims — claims that, arguably, were inherited by the liberal tradition (grounded upon natural law theory) that largely superseded it.1
Man's Heaviest Burden: A Review of Contemporary Paradigms and New Directions for Understanding and Preventing Masculine Aggression

Given evidence that men's and women's aggression meaningfully differ in terms of motivations, methods, and consequences, behavior scientists increasingly recognize the importance of integrating gender socialization and masculine-relevant processes into models for understanding and preventing men's violence. As such, the Gender Role Strain Paradigm, a contemporary framework for conceptualizing the psychological and physical problems common to men, has been widely utilized in aggression research. However, translation of this paradigm into effective violence prevention and intervention efforts remains stalled by controversy over measurement and methodology. After a brief review of the Gender Role Strain Paradigm and its contributions to aggression research, the current paper details recent methodological advancements in the measurement of masculine discrepancy stress/strain, a form of distress arising from perceived failures to conform to socially-prescribed masculine gender role norms. The validity of masculine discrepancy stress is described in terms of its predictive utility and its ability to address longstanding critiques of the Gender Role Strain Paradigm. Finally, masculine discrepancy stress is discussed in terms of its violence prevention and intervention implications.
LIQUID: an-open source software for identifying lipids in LC-MS/MS-based lipidomics data.

Summary We introduce an open-source software, LIQUID, for semi-automated processing and visualization of LC-MS/MS-based lipidomics data. LIQUID provides users with the capability to process high throughput data and contains a customizable target library and scoring model per project needs. The graphical user interface provides visualization of multiple lines of spectral evidence for each lipid identification, allowing rapid examination of data for making confident identifications of lipid molecular species. LIQUID was compared to other freely available software commonly used to identify lipids and other small molecules (e.g. CFM-ID, MetFrag, GNPS, LipidBlast and MS-DIAL), and was found to have a faster processing time to arrive at a higher number of validated lipid identifications. Availability and implementation LIQUID is available at http://github.com/PNNL-Comp-Mass-Spec/LIQUID . Contact jennifer.kyle@pnnl.gov or thomas.metz@pnnl.gov. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Third World and Relative Gains from Global Trade: An Empirical Comparative Analysis of Developed Versus Developing Countries

Proponents of free trade theory and trade liberalization maintain that despite drawbacks, the distribution of gains from trade is a win-win for all countries. In particular, developing countries that opt for trade openness are most likely to benefit, to generate growth, to experience a rise in standard of living and to create jobs. For instance, in developing countries that are most open to foreign trade, the so-called "new globalizers," nearly 120 million people have risen above the ranks of absolute poverty, and an impressive 13% decline in poverty rates has been observed. This is partly due to the competitive advantages in the manufacturing sector the developing countries have realized as a result of trade liberalization. However, critics of free trade argue that the gains from international trade disproportionately accrue to the developed countries, often at the expense of developing states.
Vagal Maneuvers, a Unique Osteopathic Addition to the ACLS Armament: Review

In the United States, there are more than half a million people diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). There are approximately 89,000 new presentations of SVT a year, many of them presenting to U.S. emergency centers for initial management of their tachydysrhythmia. The purpose of this article is to describe the wide range of effective techniques for the initial non-pharmacologic management of supraventricular tachycardia, and to discuss their mechanisms of action and potential drawbacks. Additionally, we will introduce a commonly used Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy as a potential first-line treatment option for hemodynamically stable SVT.
Influence of the intestinal microbiome on anastomotic healing in the colon and rectum

Abstract Colonic and rectal anastomotic leak has long plagued the surgeons, without much improvement despite decades of advances in suture technique and technology. At the intersection of microbiotal changes in flux via a combination of environmental factors and the virulent pathology of the organisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, lies an underappreciated mechanism and thus possible solution for anastomotic failure. Through preoperative preparation, intraoperative manipulation, and postoperative management, the flora is constantly changing. This article explores the shifts in composition and expression of the digestive flora in response to external factors and the effects thus far observed on anastomotic healing, as well as proposed therapeutic strategies given the leading theories on microbiotal pathogenesis of anastomotic leak.
Effects of recent energy system changes on CO2 projections for the United States

Recent projections of future United States carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are considerably lower than projections made just a decade ago. A myriad of factors have contributed to lower forecasts, including reductions in end-use energy service demands, improvements in energy efficiency, and technological innovations. Policies that have encouraged these changes include renewable portfolio standards, corporate vehicle efficiency standards, smart growth initiatives, revisions to building codes, and air and climate regulations. Understanding the effects of these and other factors can be advantageous as society evaluates opportunities for achieving additional CO2 reductions. Energy system models provide a means to develop such insights. In this analysis, the MARKet ALlocation (MARKAL) model was applied to estimate the relative effects of various energy system changes that have happened since the year 2005 on CO2 projections for the year 2025. The results indicate that transformations in the transportation and buildings sectors have played major roles in lowering projections. Particularly influential changes include improved vehicle efficiencies, reductions in projected travel demand, reductions in miscellaneous commercial electricity loads, and higher efficiency lighting. Electric sector changes have also contributed significantly to the lowered forecasts, driven by demand reductions, renewable portfolio standards, and air quality regulations.
Introduction: Know Peace, Know Justice

This chapter, “Know Peace, Know Justice,” introduces the primary thrust of this book which is to integrate personal transformation and wellbeing with social change and the disruption of injustice. It explores the need to create peace and justice in today’s political climate and suggests the model of Critical, Contemplative Community Engagement as the vehicle that institutions of higher education can use to do so. It presents the importance, context, theoretical frameworks, and aims that frame this book, as well as an overview of the book’s key concepts and chapters. It locates the author and introduces the research that supports the primary arguments of this book.
Nanomaterials: 2D materials for silicon photonics

Integration of 2D semiconductor optoelectronics with silicon photonics opens a new path for on-chip point-to-point optical communications.
Acute myeloid leukemia and fatal Scedosporium prolificans sepsis after eculizumab treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a case report

Eculizumab has become the standard of care for patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). As more patients are treated, the long-term outcomes of these patients will become apparent. We recently treated a patient who developed PNH in the setting of aplastic anemia. The patient developed acute myeloid leukemia less than three years after initiating eculizumab. The patient also died suddenly from Scedosporium sepsis during induction therapy. This patient's course seemed more aggressive than would be expected. The possible effect of complement blockade is discussed.
Physical Activity Patterns and Sedentary Behavior in Older Women with Urinary Incontinence: An Accelerometer-based Study

Purpose Objective physical activity data for women with urinary incontinence are lacking. We investigated the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the severity of urinary symptoms in older community-dwelling women with urinary incontinence using accelerometers. Materials and methods This is a secondary analysis of a study that measured physical activity (step count, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time) and sedentary behavior (percentage of sedentary time, number of sedentary bouts per day) using a triaxial accelerometer in older community-dwelling adult women not actively seeking treatment of their urinary symptoms. The relationship between urinary symptoms and physical activity variables was measured using linear regression. Results Our cohort of 35 community-dwelling women (median, age, 71 years) demonstrated low physical activity (median daily step count, 2168; range, 687-5205) and high sedentary behavior (median percentage of sedentary time, 74%; range, 54%-89%). Low step count was significantly associated with nocturia (P = 0.02). Shorter duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time was significantly associated with nocturia (P = 0.001), nocturnal enuresis (P = 0.04), and greater use of incontinence products (P = 0.04). Greater percentage of time spent in sedentary behavior was also significantly associated with nocturia (P = 0.016). Conclusions Low levels of physical activity are associated with greater nocturia and nocturnal enuresis. Sedentary behavior is a new construct that may be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. Physical activity and sedentary behavior represent potential new targets for treating nocturnal urinary tract symptoms.
FuncICA for Time Series Pattern Discovery.

We introduce FuncICA, a new independent component analysis method for pattern discovery in inherently functional data, such as time series data. We show how applying the dual of temporal ICA to temporal data, and likewise applying the dual of spatiotemporal ICA to spatiotemporal data, enables independent component regularization not afforded by the primal forms applied to their original domains. We call this family of regularized dual ICA algorithms FuncICA. FuncICA can be considered an analog to functional principal component analysis, where instead of extracting components to minimize L2 reconstruction error, we maximize independence of the components over the functional observations. In this work, we develop an algorithm for extracting independent component curves, derive a method for optimally smoothing the curves, and validate this method on both synthetic and real datasets. Results for synthetic, gene expression, and electroencephalographic event-related potential data indicate that FuncICA can recover well-known scientific phenomena and improve classification accuracy, highlighting its utility for unsupervised learning in continuous data. We conclude this work with a forward-looking, novel framework for fMRI data analysis by making use of the functional dual of spatiotemporal ICA.
Disparities in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Disease for Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations—A Literature Review

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. This sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority populations. Tight glycemic control and routine eye screening can diminish the public health impact of this devastating condition in minority communities. However, racial and ethnic minority patients are more likely to have poorer glycemic control and are less likely to be screened for diabetic retinopathy than their whitecounterparts. Patient, provider, and health care system factors play a role in these disparities. While public health interventions are necessary on a large scale to preserve vision in minority communities, it is also essential that individual health care providers better understand the impact of diabetic retinopathy on minority communities and the available interventions to reduce its impact.Maximizing their efforts to improve diabetes-related vision care for their racial and ethnic minority patients can lead to a decrease in diabetic retinopathy disparities.
The Chemistry of Actinide Behavior in Marine Systems

Nuclear test explosions and reactor waste releases have deposited an estimated 16 × 1015 Bq of plutonium into the world's oceans. Chemical speciation, oxidation state, redox reactions, and sorption characteristics are integral in predicting solubility of the different actinides, their migration behaviors and their potential effects on marine biota. Transport mechanisms, biosequestration, interactions with carbonate and humic substances and chemical redox and speciation influence migration patterns. Analytical methods such as ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are utilized to obtain information on the chemical speciation and oxidation states at sub-tracer levels. Predictive computer models has attempted to evaluate the extensive data needed to adequately parameterize the complex, interdependent and continuous processes involved.
HIV Sero-Status Non-disclosure Among HIV-Infected Opioid-Dependent Individuals: The Roles of HIV-Related Stigma, Risk Behavior, and Social Support

HIV sero-status disclosure among people living with HIV (PLWH) is an important component of preventing HIV transmission to sexual partners. Due to various social, structural, and behavioral challenges, however, many HIV-infected opioid-dependent patients do not disclose their HIV status to all sexual partners. In this analysis, we therefore examined non-disclosure practices and correlates of non-disclosure among high-risk HIV-infected opioid-dependent individuals. HIV-infected opioid-dependent individuals who reported HIV-risk behaviors were enrolled (N = 133) and assessed for HIV disclosure, risk behaviors, health status, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, HIV stigma, social support and other characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify significant correlates of non-disclosure. Overall, 23% reported not disclosing their HIV status to sexual partners, who also had high levels of HIV risk: sharing of injection equipment (70.5%) and inconsistent condom use (93.5%). Independent correlates of HIV non-disclosure included: being virally suppressed (aOR 0.19, p = 0.04), high HIV-related stigma (aOR 2.37, p = 0.03), and having multiple sex partners (aOR 5.87, p = 0.04). Furthermore, a significant interaction between HIV-related stigma and living with family/friends suggests that those living with family/friends were more likely to report not disclosing their HIV status when higher levels of perceived stigma was present. Our findings support the need for future interventions to better address the impact of perceived stigma and HIV disclosure as it relates to risk behaviors among opioid-dependents patients in substance abuse treatment settings.
Caring for Aging Populations: Examining Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction

Stamm’s Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) was utilized to examine compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among three types of caregivers: formal (employed in a caregiver role), adult child (caring for an aging parent), and spouse/partner (caring for significant other). Data were collected from a sample of 87 adults who were currently (for 6 months or longer) providing care to an individual 65 years of age or older. The results revealed that formal caregivers had significantly higher compassion satisfaction scores compared to both adult child and spouse/partner caregivers. Additionally, results indicated that formal caregivers had significantly lower compassion fatigue scores than adult child caregivers. Although limited by the homogeneities in the sample of convenience, this study suggests that family caregivers could benefit from additional support in providing care. Furthermore, research should be conducted to examine factors that contribute to formal caregivers’ increased satisfaction and decreased fatigue in an effort to inform family caregivers.
Electronic transport in degenerate (100) scandium nitride thin films on magnesium oxide substrates

Scandium nitride (ScN) is a degenerate n-type semiconductor with very high carrier concentrations, low resistivity, and carrier mobilities comparable to those of transparent conducting oxides such as zinc oxide. Because of its small lattice mismatch to gallium nitride (GaN), <1%, ScN is considered a very promising material for future GaN based electronics. Impurities are the source of the degeneracy. Yet, which specific impurities are the cause has remained in contention. ScN thin films of various thicknesses were grown on magnesium oxide substrates in a (001) orientation using reactive magnetron sputtering across a range of deposition conditions. X-ray diffraction was used to verify crystal orientation. Film thicknesses ranging from 39 to 85 nm were measured using scanning electron microscopy. The electronic transport properties of the films were characterized using Hall-effect measurements at temperatures ranging from 10 to 320 K. At 10 K, the electron concentration varies from 4.4 × 1020 to 1.5 × 1021 cm−3, resistivity from 2.1 × 10−4 to 5.0 × 10−5 Ω·cm, and Hall mobility from 66 to 97 cm2/V·s. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was used to determine film compositions. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) was used to compute the activation energies for various point defects including nitrogen and scandium vacancies and oxygen and fluorine substituting for nitrogen. For both oxygen and fluorine substitution, the energies were negative, indicating spontaneous formation. Nevertheless, the combined results of the Hall, SIMS, and DFT strongly suggest that oxygen substitution is the primary mechanism behind the high carrier concentration in these samples.
Learning a latent manifold of odor representations from neural responses in piriform cortex

A major difficulty in studying the neural mechanisms underlying olfactory perception is the lack of obvious structure in the relationship between odorants and the neural activity patterns they elicit. Here we use odor-evoked responses in piriform cortex to identify a latent manifold specifying latent distance relationships between olfactory stimuli. Our approach is based on the Gaussian process latent variable model, and seeks to map odorants to points in a low-dimensional embedding space, where distances between points in the embedding space relate to the similarity of population responses they elicit. The model is specified by an explicit continuous mapping from a latent embedding space to the space of high-dimensional neural population firing rates via nonlinear tuning curves, each parametrized by a Gaussian process. Population responses are then generated by the addition of correlated, odor-dependent Gaussian noise. We fit this model to large-scale calcium fluorescence imaging measurements of population activity in layers 2 and 3 of mouse piriform cortex following the presentation of a diverse set of odorants. The model identifies a low-dimensional embedding of each odor, and a smooth tuning curve over the latent embedding space that accurately captures each neuron's response to different odorants. The model captures both signal and noise correlations across more than 500 neurons. We validate the model using a cross-validation analysis known as co-smoothing to show that the model can accurately predict the responses of a population of held-out neurons to test odorants.
Authoritarian cities go global

When “global” and “spectacular” are used to describe cities, visions of the great urban centers of North America, Europe and East Asia typically come to mind. But travelers to cities less well-know...
Fostering Information Literacy in the Management Education at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy

This paper illustrates the information literacy (IL) strategy in an undergraduate Management program at U.S. Coast Guard Academy. The paper exemplifies a sequential approach that improves students’ capabilities to evaluate and apply information in a specifically designed learning environment while generating new knowledge in undergraduate business coursework. The paper also emphasizes how IL can be developed within management coursework through a six-step process, including defining, locating, selecting, organizing, presenting, and assessing. This specially designed framework of IL learning can be applied across all relevant courses using specially designed assignments in the Management major.
Measuring the Extent and Nature of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) among Former White Supremacists

While progress has been made to understand mid-life correlates associated with extremist participation, much less research focuses on adolescent risk factors. The purpose of the current study is to...
The Physical Microenvironment of Tumors: Characterization and Clinical Impact

The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. As tightly controlled extracellular matrix homeostasis is lost during tumor progression, a dysregulated extracellul...
A Review on Dielectric Properties of Supercritical Fluids

Supercritical fluid (SCF), an intermediate state between gas and liquid, has been recently considered for being used as insulating media owing to properties that show exceptional dielectric strength, high heat transfer capability, and low viscosity. However, research on utilizing SCFs for power applications is still in its early stage, leaving literature and useful data on this topic very limited. This paper reviews and compares available literature related to the dielectric properties of SCFs, especially the electrical breakdown characteristics. Representative researches on the experimental demonstration of the discharge phenomenon in SCFs are summarized in this review. Important transport properties of SCFs, including viscosity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, are discussed. Furthermore, key parameters that define their dielectric properties, including conductivity and permittivity, are compared and summarized. Applications that require strong electric fields, efficient heat dissipation, and fast motion can benefit from using SCFs as a dielectric medium. The objective of this study is to provide a new perspective and useful recommendations on the selection of dielectric media for various practical purposes.
Abstract MP19: Smooth Muscle Cell Cytochrome B5 Reductase 3 Causes Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Under Hypoxic Stress

Pulmonary hypertension causes increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure. Nitric oxide (NO) binds to its receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) within vascular smooth muscle c...
Photometry and Photometric Redshifts of Faint Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field South NICMOS Field

We present a catalog of photometry and photometric redshifts of 335 faint objects in the Hubble Deep Field South near-infrared camera and multiobject spectrograph (NICMOS) —eld. The analysis is based on (1) infrared images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST ) using the NICMOS with the F110W, F160W, and F222M —lters; (2) an optical image obtained with HST using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph with no —lter; and (3) optical images obtained with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope with U, B, V , R, and I —lters. The primary utility of the catalog of photometric redshifts is as a survey of faint galaxies detected in the NICMOS F160W and F222M images. The sensitivity of the survey varies signi—cantly with position, reaching a limiting depth of AB(16000) B 28.7 and covering 1.01 arcmin2 to AB(16000) \ 27 and 1.05 arcmin2 to AB(16000) \ 26.5. The catalog of photometric redshifts identi—es 21 galaxies (or 6% of the total) of redshift z ( 5, eight galaxies (or 2% of the total) of redshift z ( 10, and 11 galaxies (or 3% of the total) of best-—t spectral type E/S0, of which —ve galaxies (or 1% of the total) are of redshift z ( 1. Subject headings: cosmology: observationsgalaxies: distances and redshifts ¨ galaxies: photometrygalaxies: statistics
Kelas Mimpi Entrepreneurship Program for Scavenger Children of Jatipadang

Scavengers are one of the biggest social problems for Jakarta. Scavenger areas have existed in Jakarta for a long time such as the Gang Saibun RT 08/09 Jatipadang, South Jakarta. Here, more than 300 scavengers illegally occupy vacant areas owned by the Regional Government. Scavenger children are exposed to problems including 1) economic poverty, and 2) attitude or character problems arising from their negative environments. In addition to the issues facing outsiders ttempting to aid the scavenger communities, there are additional problems which must be addressed. This study aims to provide a descriptive evaluation of the efforts to implement Kelas Mimpi entrepreneurship programs which seek to empower the scavenger children of Jatipadang, carried out by the Community Service Team at Al Azhar University of Indonesia. The study concludes that the entrepreneurship program was successfully implemented because it combined two integrated programs: 1) Entrepreneur Hard Skills Program (Online Sales Agent); and 2) Soft Skills Program (motivation, character building & service excellent). Moreover, this program succeeded in providing positive impacts in various measurable ways including 1) economic improvement of participants through online business transactions, 2) improvement of the positive character of participants, and 3) increased ability to provide excellent services as online sales agents. Keywords: entrepreneur, community development, scavenger children
Impact of the 2008 Recession on Wealth-Adjusted Income and Inequality for U.S. Cohorts

OBJECTIVE To examine distributional effects of the 2008 recession and subsequent recovery across generational cohorts. METHODS Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (2007-2016), we constructed a measure of economic well-being accounting for income, household size and annuitized value of assets. We examine trajectories of adjusted income and inequality, using Gini coefficients and income shares by decile, for the overall population and by cohort during the recession and recovery. RESULTS Inequality declined temporarily during the recession, but reached new highs during the recovery. During recovery, population-level increases in economic resources were not reflected among below-median households, as the more concentrated financial assets rose while broader-based home equity and employment fell or remained stagnant. Inequality measures increased for cohorts in their primary working years (Generation-X and Baby Boomers), but not among the younger Millennials, who were at early stages of education, workforce entry and household formation. DISCUSSION The study illustrates an integrative approach to analyzing cumulative dis/advantage by considering interactions between historically consistent macro-level events, such as economic shocks or policy choices affecting all cohorts, and the persistent life-course processes that tend to increase heterogeneity and inequality as cohorts age over time. Although recovery policies led to rapid recovery of financial asset values, they did not proportionately reach those below the median or their economic resource-types. Results suggest that in a high-inequality environment, recovery policies from economic shocks may need tailoring to all levels of resources in order to achieve more equitable recovery outcomes and prevent exacerbating cohort inequality trajectories.
Disentangled and Proportional Representation Learning for Multi-view Brain Connectomes

Diffusion MRI-derived brain structural connectomes or brain networks are widely used in the brain research. However, constructing brain networks is highly dependent on various tractography algorithms, which leads to difficulties in deciding the optimal view concerning the downstream analysis. In this paper, we propose to learn a unified representation from multi-view brain networks. Particularly, we expect the learned representations to convey the information from different views fairly and in a disentangled sense. We achieve the disentanglement via an approach using unsupervised variational graph auto-encoders. We achieve the view-wise fairness, i.e. proportionality, via an alternative training routine. More specifically, we construct an analogy between training the deep network and the network flow problem. Based on the analogy, the fair representations learning is attained via a network scheduling algorithm aware of proportionality. The experimental results demonstrate that the learned representations fit various downstream tasks well. They also show that the proposed approach effectively preserves the proportionality.
Mountain Weather and Climate Third Edition: Mountains and their climatological study

INTRODUCTION It is the aim of this book to bring together the major strands of our existing knowledge of weather and climate in the mountains. The first part of the book deals with the basic controls of the climatic and meteorological phenomena and the second part with particular applications of mountain climatology and meteorology. By illustrating the general climatic principles, a basis can also be provided for estimating the range of conditions likely to be experienced in mountain areas of sparse observational data. In this chapter we introduce mountain environments as they have been perceived historically, and consider the physical characteristics of mountains and their global significance. We then briefly review the history of research into mountain weather and climate and outline some basic considerations that influence their modern study. Historical perceptions The mountain environment has always been regarded with awe. The Greeks believed Mount Olympus to be the abode of the gods, to the Norse the Jotunheim was the home of the Jotuns, or ice giants, while to the Tibetans, Mount Everest (Chomo Longmu) is the “goddess of the snows.” In many cultures, mountains are considered “sacred places;” Nanga Parbat, an 8125 m summit in the Himalaya, means sacred mountain in Sanskrit, for example. Conspicuous peaks are associated with ancestral figures or deities (Bernbaum, 1998) – Sengem Sama with Fujiyama (3778 m) in Japan and Shiva-Parvati with Kailas (6713 m) in Tibet – although at other times mountains have been identified with malevolent spirits, the Diablerets in the Swiss Valais, for example.
Digital Archival of Construction Project Information

The Digital Library Initiative (DLI) concerns itself with the automatic creation, organization, and indexing of complex collections of data. With its own wealth of data types, the construction industry pushes the boundaries of the current technologies, especially with regards to automatic archival of construction project information. Many issues unique to the construction projects, such as data provenance and multi-media searching, require the integration of many technologies being developed at the various DLI funded research universities. This paper seeks to define those issues, the research being done, and provide some direction for future work in this area.