cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Memory effect” in observer performance studies of mammograms1

Rationale and objective To evaluate breast radiologists’ recognition of mammograms showing cancers that they correctly detected or “missed” during clinical interpretations. Materials and methods Two similar experiments were conducted. In the first, 33 bilateral screening mammograms were reviewed by four breast imagers. These included five cancers that each radiologist had detected, two cancers that each radiologist had “missed,” and five mammograms recalled by other radiologists that were not cancer. Radiologists were asked if they had interpreted the mammogram in clinic and if the mammogram was suspicious for cancer. In the second experiment, four different breast imagers reviewed 48 mammograms that included five cancers that each radiologist had detected, two cancers that each radiologist had “missed,” and five mammograms that were recalled by each radiologist but were not cancer. Using chi-square analysis, the performance of the radiologists on screening mammograms they had read in clinic was compared with their performance on mammograms read in clinic by other radiologists. Results Seven of eight radiologists did not remember interpreting any of the mammograms in clinic. One radiologist correctly remembered interpreting one mammogram in clinic, but interpreted it incorrectly. Average performance showed no significant difference (P = .60) between mammograms they had interpreted in clinic and those interpreted by others. Conclusion Radiologists do not remember most mammograms showing cancer that they have interpreted, either correctly or incorrectly, after they are mixed with mammograms showing cancer that were interpreted by other radiologists. Screening mammograms can be used in observer performance studies in which the interpreting radiologist participates as an observer.
A computational study of whole-brain connectivity in resting state and task fMRI.

brain networks spanning the cortex changed when subjects were engaged in task performance. Results: In the resting state, we found strong connectivity among the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), lateral parietal cortex, and hippocampal formation, consistent with previous reports of the default mode network (DMN). The connections among these areas were strengthened while subjects actively performed an event-related visual motion task, indicating a continued and strong engagement of the DMN during task processing. Regional measures such as degree (number of connections) and betweenness centrality (number of shortest paths), showed that task performance induces stronger inter-regional connections, leading to a denser processing network, but that this does not imply a more efficient system as shown by the integration measures such as path length and global efficiency, and from global measures such as small-worldness. Conclusions: In spite of the maintenance of connectivity and the “hub-like” behavior of areas, our results suggest that the network paths may be rerouted when performing the task condition.
Serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in major depressive disorder, Part 1: predictors of clinical response in fluoxetine-resistant depression.

Objective: In the present study, we assessed the relationship between serum folate, vitamin B 12 , and homocysteine levels and clinical response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who had previously failed to respond to open treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg/day and were enrolled in a 4-week, double-blind trial of either (1) fluoxetine dose increase, (2) lithium augmentation of fluoxetine, or (3) desipramine augmentation of fluoxetine. Method: Fifty-five outpatients (mean ± SD age = 41.7 ± 10.6 years; 50.9% women) with MDD as assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R who were enrolled in the double-blind trial had serum folate, vitamin B 12 , and homocysteine measurements completed at baseline (prior to fluoxetine treatment initiation). Folate levels were classified as either low (≤ 2.5 ng/mL) or normal. Vitamin B 12 levels were classified as either low (≤ 200 pg/mL) or normal. Homocysteine levels were classified as either elevated (≥ 13.2 μmol/L) or normal. With the use of a logistic regression, we then assessed the relationship between (1) low or normal folate levels, (2) normal or low B 12 levels, and (3) elevated or normal homocysteine levels and clinical response to double-blind treatment. The study was conducted from November 1992 to January 1999. Results: Low serum folate levels (X 2 = 3.626, p =.04), but not elevated homocysteine (p >.05) or low vitamin B 12 levels (p >.05), were associated with poorer response to treatment. The response rates for patients with (N = 14) and without (N = 38) low folate levels were 7.1% versus 44.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Low serum folate levels were found to be associated with further treatment resistance among patients with fluoxetine-resistant MDD.
A Computational Study of the Effectiveness of the Frontier Molecular Orbital Formalism in Predicting Conformational Isomerism in (p-RC6H4NC)2W(dppe)2

Ab initio electronic structure calculations on a series of ligands, p-RC6H4NC:, indicate that the energy of the LUMO correlates with the electron-withdrawing/donating capabilities of the substituent group, which determines the relative π-acidity of the ligand. Depending on the nature of the para substituent group on the aryl isocyanide ligand, bis(aryl isocyanide) complexes of tungsten-containing bulky bidentate arylphosphine ligands adopt either cis or trans conformations. The frontier molecular orbital formalism predicts that strong π-acids, which contain electron-withdrawing groups, tend to polarize sufficient charge density away from the metal center to effect the formation of the sterically less favorable but electronically stabilized cis conformer. Density functional theory calculations on similar complexes containing phosphines which do not impose severe steric contraints indicate that the balance between steric and electronic stabilization can be effectively predicted by comparing the relative ene...
A relativistic study of pp ↔ dπ+: Forward scattering

Abstract The reaction cross section for pp→ dπ + (0°) is calculated in the energy region W c.m ≦ 3.2 GeV. It is shown that, in general, kinematic considerations necessitate a fully relativistic, non-factored treatment of the one-meson-exchange momentum loop integral, and its three main ingredients: the deuteron wave function, the emission and propagation of the off-mass-shell meson and the amplitude for off-shell meson-nucleon scattering. Near Δ-resonances non-relativistic deuteron wave functions can be used, but off-mass-shell effects must be included.
Epithelial Hic-5/ARA55 expression contributes to prostate tumorigenesis and castrate responsiveness

Stromal–epithelial interactions dictate prostate tumorigenesis and response to castration. Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5/ARA55) is a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced coactivator of androgen receptor (AR) expressed in the prostate stroma. Interestingly, following castration, we identified epithelial expression of Hic-5/ARA55 in mouse and human prostate tissues. To determine the role of epithelial Hic-5 in prostate cancer progression and castration responsiveness, we compared LNCaP cells having Hic-5 stably expressed with the parental LNCaP cells following tissue recombination xenografts with mouse prostate stromal cells. We previously identified knocking out prostate stromal TGF-β signaling potentiated castrate-resistant prostate tumors, in a Wnt-dependent manner. The LNCaP chimeric tumors containing prostate fibroblasts conditionally knocked out for the TGF-β type II receptor (Tgfbr2-KO) resulted in larger, more invasive, and castration-resistant tumors compared those with floxed (control) stromal cells. However, the LNCaP-Hic5 associated with Tgfbr2-KO fibroblasts generated chimeric tumors with reduced tumor volume, lack of invasion and restored castration dependence. Neutralization of canonical Wnt signaling is shown to reduce prostate tumor size and restore regression following castration. Thus, we hypothesized that epithelial Hic-5/ARA55 expression negatively regulated Wnt signaling. The mechanism of the Hic-5/ARA55 effects on castration was determined by analysis of the c-myc promoter. C-myc luciferase reporter activity suggested Hic-5/ARA55 expression inhibited c-myc activity by β-catenin. Sequential ChIP analysis indicated β-catenin and T-cell-specific 4 (TCF4) bound the endogenous c-myc promoter in the absence of Hic-5 expression. However, the formation of a TCF4/Hic-5 repressor complex inhibited c-myc promoter activity, by excluding β-catenin binding with TCF4 on the promoter. The data indicate Hic-5/ARA55 expression in response to castration-enabled epithelial regression through the repression of c-myc gene at the chromatin level.
Methoxyresorufin as a substrate for the fluorometric assay of insect microsomal O-dealkylases

Abstract Methoxy-, ethoxy-, propoxy-, and butoxyresorufin were prepared and tested as substrates for the fluorometric assay of O-dealkylation by the mixed-function oxidase system in house flies, Musca domestica L. Methoxyresorufin proved to be the most suitable substrate because of the favorable reaction rates. This sensitive assay can be performed with a minimum of microsomal protein (
Exploring the Social Norms of Help Seeking in the Military

This study explored the relationship between service members’ personal beliefs and perceptions of peers’ beliefs about stigma-related barriers to mental health treatment. A total of 89 Army National Guard soldiers were assessed using measures to rate beliefs about stigma-related barriers to mental health treatment and willingness to seek help. Results showed that personal beliefs were on average more positive than perceptions of peers’ beliefs, and that variance in willingness to seek help was better accounted for by service member's own beliefs about help seeking. Implications for willingness to seek mental health treatment in the military are explored, as well as limitations and next steps for future research.
Influence of high-order dispersion on self-focusing. I. Qualitative investigation

Abstract The self-focusing, described by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a higher-order derivative term, appearing from dispersive corrections, is considered. A qualitative investigation shows that this term, even if it is small, may play an important role in the final state of the self-focusing. Depending on the sign of a coefficient before this term, it may lead either to a tunneling of the self-trapped radiation, which finally results in defocusing, or to a steady homogeneous wave beam.
States-of-mind model: Cognitive balance in the treatment of agoraphobia — II☆

Abstract The states-of-mind (SOM) model, and information theoretic model of positive and negative cognitions/affects, was examined in 73 agoraphobics completing cognitive and behavioral treatments. The SOM model posits that a positive dialogue represents an optimal cognitive balance for coping with stress. The primary aims of the present study included delineating differential cognitive trajectories across treatments and assessment phases; comparing SOMs between subjects achieving low versus high endstate functioning, improvement, and tripartite concordance versus disconcordance on measures of psychophysiology, behavior and anxiety; and, studying the clinical significance of changes in SOM with the use of normative cohorts. The results corroborate prior SOM studies regarding its differential, convergent, external, and social-clinical validity. However, superior functioning was associated with higher SOMS than predicted. Methodologic, conceptual, and psychometric issues raised by some of the findings are discussed, with implications for clinical research.
Transient analysis of incompressible flow through a packed bed

The present investigation aims at numerically simulating the temporal energy transport for incompressible flows through a packed bed. The governing equations are formulated according to the volume averaging method. The generalized momentum equation which accounts for the inertial and viscous forces was used to carry out this research, whereas the two-energy equation model was used for simulating the energy transport. The implications of the non-Darcian terms and the thermal dispersion effects on the transient energy transport were explored. Error maps were introduced for a wide range of flow conditions and bed configurations. In addition, the investigation also tackles the applicability of the local thermal equilibrium condition and the one-dimensional approach for studying the thermal response in packed bed.
Fast Stacking and Phase Corrections of Shear Wave Signals in a Noisy Environment

Hardware, software, and analysis of transient response of sources and receivers are presented for a piezoelectric bender element system designed to measure shear wave velocities in noisy environments. Signal-to-noise ratio is improved by signal stacking, wherein data vectors from many pulses are summed. A new fast-stacking algorithm enables signal quality to be improved much more rapidly than conventional stacking. Conventional stacking is accomplished by repeatedly sending an excitation pulse to a source, waiting for the signal and secondary reflections to pass the receiver and then introducing a subsequent excitation pulse. Using conventional stacking, it is important to wait for the signal and secondary reflections to die out before exciting subsequent pulses. In the new fast-stacking algorithm, a varied interval between consecutive pulses is used so that high quality signals can be obtained even if consecutive pulses are excited in rapid succession. Transient behavior of soil-bender interaction was characterized using closed-form analytical solutions of single-degree-of-freedom oscillators, numerical solutions using a beam-on-springs method, and measurements from an array of bender elements in a sand model. The time delay caused by soil-bender interaction was calculated to be half of the natural period of the bender element, and this theoretical time delay was supported by experimental data. This system makes it feasible to rapidly collect accurate shear wave velocity information so that transient changes in shear wave velocity can be monitored even if background noise is large.
The Ecology of Technological Risk in a Sunbelt City

In this paper we examine the spatial distributions of four types of technological hazards in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area. The focus is on the locations of hazardous industrial and toxic waste sites in relation to the demographic composition of adjacent neighborhoods. Our interest is to determine whether hazardous sites, including industrial facilities in the EPA's Toxic Release Inventory, Large Quantity Generators of hazardous wastes, Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities, and federally identified contamination sites, are disproportionately located in areas with lower income and minority residents. We examine patterns of environmental inequity in Phoenix, a sprawling Sunbelt city with a growing post-Fordist industrial sector. First, using 1996 EPA data for four types of technological hazards, and 1995 Special Census data for Maricopa County, we employ a GIS to map the spatial distributions of hazardous sites and to analyze the demographic characteristics of census tracts with and without...
Evaluation of cardiac masses by CMR: a tertiary center experience of cases presenting with suspicion of mass by echo or CT

Background To evaluate the effectiveness of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) in evaluation of cardiac masses. Cardiac masses are a rare but important finding on cardiac imaging. Differentiating benign from malignant masses is crucial as an accurate diagnosis can affect the work up and management of the patient. To date very few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of CMR in aiding the diagnosis of mass found by echo or CT.
The Fertility of Bovine Semen Cooled with and without the Addition of Citrate-Sulfanilamide-Yolk Extender

Summary Sixty-four ejaculates of bovine semen were divided and cooled from 30° C. to 5° C. in 75 minutes with and without the addition of citrate-sulfanilamide-yolk extender prior to cooling. Based on 60- to 90-day non-returns to 8,518 first and second service cows, the fertility level of the pre-extended semen (semen cooled in extender) was 59.3 per cent and that of the post-extended semen (cooled without extender), 52.8 per cent. The difference between treatments of 6.5 percentage units was highly-significant statistically. Motility estimates made after 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. of storage indicated that the samples cooled without extender had a definitely lower percentage of motile spermatozoa. However, by using covariance analysis the higher per cent non-returns for the pre-extended semen could not be accounted for on the basis of more motile spermatozoa per insemination.
Kinetics of pentachlorophenol degradation by a Flavobacterium species

The kinetics of pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation by a Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 39723 has been investigated. Sodium glutamate was supplied as an additional carbon source to increase the rate of cell growth and PCP degradation. A kinetic model including PCP toxicity for cell growth and PCP inhibition of its own degradation was developed. This model was also applied to 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) degradation by the same organism. Although PCP and DCP are degraded by different pathways, the model describes these two degradation processes very well.
Direct determination of the residual acrylamide concentration in inverse (water-in-oil) polyacrylamide emulsions following phase inversion : Size exclusion chromatography using a micellar mobile phase

A rapid and low cost method has been developed for the direct analysis of the residual monomer concentration of acrylamide from inverse-emulsion reactions. Inverse-emulsion polymerizations involve the dispersion of a water soluble monomer in aqueous solution in a continuous organic phase. The addition of a low-medium hydrophilic-lypophilic balance (HLB) steric stabilizer and continuous agitation is required to maintain emulsification. This method consists in inverting the “inverse” (water-in-oil) emulsion by utilizing a high HLB surfactant, large amounts of water and rapid stirring to produce a “direct” (oil-in-water) emulsion. Once the residual acrylamide is in the continuous aqueous phase, aliquots of this inverted mixture are then injected into a liquid chromatograph where the polymer and the residual acrylamide are separated by size exclusion chromatography using an aqueous micellar mobile phase. The micellar mobile phase is used to solubilize the organic phase and emulsifier present in the original inverse-emulsion recipe. The organic phase present in the original water-in-oil emulsion is trapped inside the micelles of the mobile phase and these elute with a retention volume comparable to that of the polymer. The large pore volume of the column separates the polymers from the residual monomer and provides sharp and symmetric acrylamide peaks with a good plate count. This method results in linear calibration curves for the acrylamide monomer up to 100 ppm. Further, the elimination of an organic mobile phase reduces the analysis cost considerably. In addition, the sample preparation time is reduced from between 30 minutes to several days for the traditional methods to 15 minutes for the newly proposed method. Therefore, this inversion procedure is suitable for rapid data analysis from reaction mixtures obtained from inverse-emulsion polymerizations. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Satellite sweeping of energetic particles at Neptune

The calculation of the absorption rate of charged particles by planetary satellites introduced by Paonessa and Cheng (1987) is generalized to include an arbitrary offset of the dipole center from the planet center, appropriate for Neptune. The absorption rates calculated for particles of fixed L shell, energy, and pitch angle reflect the features of the complicated geometry of the dipole and the moons. This absorption probability is found to be insignificant compared with that of the rings at L shells to which both sets of absorbers map. However, at larger radii the sweeping rate is controlled by the moons, and the corresponding absorption features provide a starting point for understanding the Voyager energetic particle observations.
Intraoperative C-arm cone-beam computed tomography in fenestrated/branched aortic endografting.

Objectives To evaluate the use of intraoperative guidance by means of C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CT) (cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT]) and the use of postoperative CBCT to assess for successful aneurysm exclusion in fenestrated branched endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR). Methods Patients with FEVAR who underwent CBCT were retrospectively evaluated and categorized into one of two groups. The CBCT-fusion group was comprised of patients who underwent preprocedural CBCT to guide FEVAR using fusion imaging with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). The postprocedure CBCT group consisted of patients undergoing CBCT following deployment of the endograft. Outcomes from the CBCT-fusion group were compared with historical controls. These controls were patients who underwent FEVAR for similar groups of abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms in the 12 months preceding the initiation of a CBCT program. The findings on postprocedural CBCT were compared with those on predischarge MDCT. Results are expressed as mean ±standard error of the mean, or as median and interquartile range. Results Forty patients were included in the "CBCT-fusion" group and compared with the historical cohort. The use of perioperative guidance of FEVAR by means of CBCT resulted in a significantly lower contrast dose (94 cc [72-131] vs 136 cc [96-199]; P = .001). While there was a trend toward lower operative (330 minutes [273-522] vs 387 minutes [290-477]; P = .651) and fluoroscopy times (81 min [54-118] vs 90 minutes (46-128), P = .932); this difference did not reach statistical significance. Nineteen patients were included in the "postprocedural CBCT" group and compared with predischarge MDCT. Postoperative CBCT identified eight endoleaks. Type I and III (n = 6) endoleaks were identified and treated during the primary procedure. When CBCT did not show an endoleak, this was confirmed by MDCT. The use of CBCT required significantly less contrast compared to MDCT (50 cc [set amount] vs 100 cc [80-125]; P Conclusions CBCT is a valuable addition to complicated aortic interventions such as FEVAR. Intraoperative use utilizing fusion imaging limits contrast dosage and postdeployment CBCT is of sufficient quality to evaluate successful aneurysm exclusion and for detection of early complications after FEVAR. With the information we are able to obtain from the CBCT at the completion of the FEVAR, we can intervene on problems earlier and potentially decrease the subsequent need for reintervention.
Ocean viruses and their effects on microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles

Viruses are the most abundant life forms on Earth, with an estimated 10 31 total viruses globally. The majority of these viruses infect microbes, whether bacteria, archaea or microeukaryotes. Given the importance of microbes in driving global biogeochemical cycles, it would seem, based on numerical abundances alone, that viruses also play an important role in the global cycling of carbon and nutrients. However, the importance of viruses in controlling host populations and ecosystem functions, such as the regeneration,storageandexport ofcarbonandothernutrients,remainsunresolved.Here, wereporton advances in the study of ecological effects of viruses of microbes. In doing so, we focus on an area of increasing importance: the role that ocean viruses play in shaping microbial population sizes as well as in regenerating carbon and other nutrients.
Hidden seed reconstruction from C-arm images in brachytherapy

There has been a pressing clinical need for adaptive intraoperative dosimetry in the delivery of prostate brachytherapy implants. The missing prerequisite is the robust matching of the seeds across multiple C-arm images. This is further aggravated since seeds are invariably hidden in each image. We present a solution to recover these hidden seeds in this paper. A network flow formulation of the problem is proposed, where the desired solution is obtained (in polynomial time) by computing the flow with minimum cost. Phantom experiments show that using four X-ray images, on an average 99.8% of the seeds are recovered correctly, while simulations indicate that our algorithm is robust to segmentation errors of up to 1 mm and hidden seed rate of at least 8%. The results show strong feasibility and clinical data collection is currently underway.
Trail characteristics as correlates of urban trail use.

Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the environmental correlates of urban trail use. Design. Three multiuse urban trails at least 15 miles in length were selected. Trails were divided into one-half-mile segments (N = 102 total segments) and marked in the field. An audit of each trail was completed identifying built environmental features. A cross-sectional count of trail users was completed at each segment estimating the type of use, age, gender. Setting. Data collection occurred on urban trails in Chicago, Dallas, and Los Angeles. Subjects. Trained observers counted 17,338 users across the three trails. Measures. The SPACES for Trails instrument was used, and a trail count data collection sheet was developed. Analysis. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regressions controlling for location of trail and density of the population within 1 mile of the trail. Results. Positive associations with trail use were observed for mixed views (β = .33, p <.0001), streetlights (β = .30, p <.00...
Application of a diagnosis-based clinical decision guide in patients with neck pain

Background Neck pain (NP) is a common cause of disability. Accurate and efficacious methods of diagnosis and treatment have been elusive. A diagnosis-based clinical decision guide (DBCDG; previously referred to as a diagnosis-based clinical decision rule) has been proposed which attempts to provide the clinician with a systematic, evidence-based guide in applying the biopsychosocial model of care. The approach is based on three questions of diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to present the prevalence of findings using the DBCDG in consecutive patients with NP.
Is It Bacterial or Viral? Laboratory Differentiation

To differentiate viral, chlamydial, and mycoplasmal infections from bacterial disease in office and in emergency room practice, a combination of epidemiologic and clinical features usually will suggest one or a few microorganisms. Following that, laboratory diagnosis can be more targeted. Definition of the specific etiology will enable the proper management choice of antibiotics, antivirals, or symptomatic therapy.
Systematics of the genus Sphaerobolus based on molecular and morphological data, with the description of Sphaerobolus ingoldii sp. nov.

Despite mycologists' interest in its unique spore-dispersal mechanism, systematic stud- ies of the genus Sphaerobolus have received little attention. In our previous work multiple gene ge- nealogies indicated the existence of three diver- gent lineages in the genus Sphaerobolus, each rep- resenting a phylogenetic species. Macro- and mi- cromorphological analyses of colony and fruit-body characters presented here confirmed that these three phylogenetic species correspond to two known species, S. iowensis and S. stellatus, and a newly discovered species. In addition, an expanded gene genealogical analysis is presented for the three species. The new species, named Sphaerobolus ingoldii Geml, Davis et Geiser, is described based on both molecular and morphological data. In ad- dition, while S. iowensis previously had been re- ported in only two localities, we found that it is as common as or more common than S. stellatus in North America. Despite the considerable amount of DNA polymorhism found in all species, nested clade analyses of S. iowensis and S. stellatus indicat- ed little phylogeographic structure in either spe- cies, perhaps due to heavy movement mediated by human activities.
High performance and subambient silicon microchannel cooling

High performance single-phase Si microchannel coolers have been designed and characterized in single chip modules in a laboratory environment using either water at 22°C or a fluorinated fluid at temperatures between 20 and -40° C as the coolant. Compared to our previous work, key performance improvements were achieved through reduced channel pitch (from 75 to 60 microns), thinned channel bases (from 425 to 200 microns of Si), improved thermal interface materials, and a thinned thermal test chip (from 725 to 400 microns of Si). With multiple heat exchanger zones and 60 micron pitch microchannels with a water flow rate of 1.25 1pm, an average unit thermal resistance of 15.9 C mm 2 /W between the chip surface and the inlet cooling water was demonstrated for a Si microchannel cooler attached to a chip with Ag epoxy. Replacing the Ag epoxy layer with an In solder layer reduced the unit thermal resistance to 12.0 C mm 2 /W. Using a fluorinated fluid with an inlet temperature of -30°C and 60 micron pitch microchannels with an Ag epoxy thermal interface layer, the average unit thermal resistance was 25.6 C mm 2 /W. This fell to 22.6 C mm 2 /W with an In thermal interface layer. Cooling >500 W/cm 2 was demonstrated with water. Using a fluorinated fluid with an inlet temperature of -30° C, a chip with a power density of 270 W/cm 2 was cooled to an average chip surface temperature of 35°C. Results using both water and a fluorinated fluid are presented for a range of Si microchannel designs with a channel pitch from 60 to 100 microns.
Studies on the fine structure of ovarian steroid-secreting cells in the rabbit. I. The normal interstitial cells.

In terms of their light microscopic appearance and fine structure the ovarian interstitial cells of the rabbit are typical steroid-secreting cells. They are characterized by an abundance of agranular endoplasmic reticulum, spherical mitochondria with closely packed lamellar cristae, lipid droplets which appear to arise independently of the endoplasmic reticulum, conspicuous Golgi areas, a cytoplasm containing ribosomes and variable numbers of glycogen granules. A feature of the differentiation of the cells from the theca interna of atretic follicles or the stroma is the enlargement of the multiple Golgi areas and the progressive accumulation of agranular endoplasmic reticulum, possibly by “budding” from the Golgi cisternae. “Light” and “dark” cells are observed, the latter being characterized by a more closely packed agranular endoplasmic reticulum which tends to be tubular in type, that of the “light” cell being vesicular. Electron dense material (lipid?) is found in the vesicles and tubules of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi cisternae; it may indicate a role of these structures in the biosynthesis of steroidal hormone. No fine structural changes specifically associated with pregnancy were observed. Degenerative changes are common and are described. The role of the interstitial cells, especially in relation to the production of 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, is discussed.
Counting Heartbeats at a Distance

In the present paper, we propose a new pulse measurement methodology based on thermal imaging (contact- free). The method capitalizes both on the thermal undula- tion produced by the traveling pulse as well as the periodic expansion of the compliant vessel wall. The paper reports experiments on 34 subjects, where it compares the performance of the new pulse measurement method to the one we reported previously. The measurements were ground-truthed through a piezo-electric sensor. Statistical analysis reveals that the new imaging methodology is more accurate and robust than the previous one. Its performance becomes nearly perfect, when the vessel is not obstructed by a thick fat deposit.
Multibasic Eulerian polynomials

Eulerian polynomials with several bases are defined. Their combinatorial interpretations are given as well as congruence properties modulo some ideals generated by cyclotomic polynomials.
High-Speed Networking: A Systematic Approach to High-Bandwidth Low-Latency Communication

Summary form only given. The tutorial presents a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of high-speed networking, based on the book by J.P.G. Sterbenz and J.D. Touch ("High-Speed Networking: A Systematic Approach to High-Bandwidth Low-Latency Communication", John Wiley, 2001). The target audience includes computer scientists and engineers who may have expertise in a narrow aspect of high-speed networking, but want to gain a broader understanding of all aspects of high-speed networking and the impact that their designs have on overall network performance. The tutorial is not about any particular protocols and standards, but is rather a systemic and systematic approach to the principles that guide the research and design of high-speed networks, protocols, and applications. The tutorial presents a set of fundamental axioms, some major topics and a set of design principles that are defined and applied to each of the topics. A set of design techniques are introduced and applied as appropriate.
Compliance With Hot Pursuit Policy

This article uses ARIMA and tobit analysis to examine the extent to which restrictive policies and intensified monitoring of "hot" pursuits by law enforcement officers induce these officers to ignore requirements that the initiation of such chases be communicated to their superiors and that complete reports be filed concerning their outcomes. Using a sample of data covering 111 weeks of activity, the authors calculated the impact of three increasingly restrictive policies on the ratio of accidents to reported pursuits. Their findings indicate that more restrictive policies do not increase noncompliance with reporting requirements.
Peg-Free Hand Shape Verification Using High Order Zernike Moments

Hand-based verification is a key biometric technology with a wide range of potential applications both in industry and government. The focus of this work is on improving the efficiency, accuracy, and robustness of hand-based verification. In particular, we propose using high-order Zernike moments to represent hand geometry, avoiding the more difficult and prone to errors process of hand-landmark extraction (e.g., finding finger joints). The proposed system operates on 2D hand silhouette images acquired by placing the hand on a planar lighting table without any guidance pegs, increasing the ease of use compared to conventional systems. Zernike moments are powerful translation, rotation, and scale invariant shape descriptors. To deal with several practical issues related to the computation of highorder Zernike moments including computational cost and lack of accuracy due to numerical errors, we have employed an efficient algorithm that uses arbitrary precision arithmetic, a look-up table, and avoids recomputing the same terms multiple times [2]. The proposed hand-based authentication system has been tested on a database of 40 subjects illustrating promising results. Qualitative comparisons with state of the art systems illustrate comparable of better performance.
Novel 5-cyclopropyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones as potent and selective IKs-blocking class III antiarrhythmic agents

Novel 5-cyclopropyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones having various N-l substituents were identified as potent and selective blockers of the slowly activating cardiac delayed rectifier potassium current (I(Ks)). Compound 11 is the most potent I(Ks) channel blocker reported to date.
A deoxyribonucleic acid-replication intermediate in the growing mosquito.

Abstract In previous experiments on growth and aging in the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a low mol. wt. (500000) DNA species was found in the supernatant fraction after ultracentrifugation of homogenates of rapidly-growing larvae. This DNA species, "sDNA", constituted 30-40% of total DNA in 2-4-day-old larvae, but was less than 5% in older larvae, pupae and adults. We have now isolated and characterized sDNA and initiated experiments to determine its metabolic role. Isolated sDNA has the same physical and chemical characteristics as bulk DNA, "pDNA", and differs only in size. In CsCl isopycnic centrifugation the buoyant densities of sDNA and pDNA were 1.700 and 1.697 g/cm3 respectively. The "melting" temperature of both DNA species was 84 degrees C. Base compositions calculated from these data and other methods were 38.9 mol% of guanine-plus-cytosine for sDNA, and 38.5 for pDNA. Also, the size of newly-synthesized DNA was investigated by pulse-labelling and pulse-chase experiments. In neutral sucrose gradients the labelled DNA component after a 2h pulse had a sedimentation coefficient of about 8S, but after a 4h pulse sedimented in a broad band from 10-19S. In alkaline sucrose gradients a single peak around 7S was observed for pulse times up to 4h. After a 6h pulse and a 1 day "chase", labelled DNA species had sedimentation coefficients ranging from 10-15S in alkaline sucrose, and after a 2-day chase the values were 17-31S, similar to those of pDNA under alkaline conditions. These results suggest that sDNA represents an intermediate form in the replication of DNA in mosquito larvae.
Chemotherapy Agents With Known Pulmonary Side Effects and Their Anesthetic and Critical Care Implications

HE LUNGS FREQUENTLY experience toxicity related to antineoplastic chemotherapy. Ten to twenty percent of patients treated with chemotherapy develop pulmonary complications. 1,2 Although some toxicities can be prevented and/or effectively treated, other presentations can be severe and rapidly fatal. The clinical presentation and radiographic appearance of these complications are most often nonspecific, and may, in particular, be difficult to distinguish from infectious complications to which this population is prone because of immunosuppression. The picture may be confounded further by the presence of lung metastases from the underlying cancer. There are no available universal criteria for the diagnosis of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, therefore the diagnosis generally depends on an appropriate history of drug exposure, histologic evidence of lung injury, and, most importantly, the exclusion of other causes of the lung injury. Chemotherapy-induced lung disease was recognized first in the early 1960s in association with busulfan. 3 Antineoplastic agents known specifically to cause pulmonary injury include bleomycin and methotrexate. 4 Currently, pulmonary toxicity due to chemotherapy commonly is encountered, due to patients being exposed to a variety of standard antineoplastic agents, as well as a host of newer agents (Table 1). There is a paucity of literature (especially recent) discussing the perioperative management of patients treated with chemotherapy agents having potential lung toxicity. This manuscript summarizes available data on pulmonary toxicity of chemotherapy and potential implications for the anesthesiologist.
Robust dynamic optimization with application to kidney exchange

Kidney exchange provides a life-saving alternative to long waiting lists for patients in need of a new kidney. We derive a variety of mathematical models for the kidney exchange optimization problem, where the general goal is to maximize some form of social welfare vis-a-vis transplanting kidneys. We explore the implications of making the optimization problem dynamic (considering the future evolution of the exchange pool when optimizing now), failure-aware (where possible post-algorithmic match failures are accounted for), and fairness-aware (losing overall efficiency at the cost of a more balanced matching). Our goal is to provide an empirically grounded framework that combines each of these dimensions in a theoretically sound way. We support our models with real results from one of the largest fielded kidney exchanges in the world.
Parasitoids of the nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the coastal plain of Georgia

Parasitism of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), was studied for four consecutive generations in the Georgia coastal plain by collecting tip moth-infested shoots and rear...
Marketing on the couch: Sidney and psychoanalysis

The purpose of this essay is to relate my experience with psychoanalytic thought, its application in my personal life, in my work as a consultant marketing researcher for management, and as a marketing professor. I was a student at the University of Chicago in the late 1940s and early 1950s when psychoanalysis was riding high as a theory of human behavior and a form of psychotherapy. As a doctoral student in the interdisciplinary Committee on Human Development, I had a course with Bruno Bettelheim on fundamentals of psychoanalytic theory. He was irritated by a woman knitting in class and said, ‘‘You must realize that knitting is symbolic masturbation.’’ She was not daunted and asserted, ‘‘Professor Bettelheim, when I knit, I knit, and when I masturbate, I masturbate!’’ This experience fed my interest in symbolic behavior that had already been spurred by reading in the field of general semantics and taught me to think about these matters in a discriminating way. Bettelheim’s book (1976), The Uses of Enchantment, is a wonderful example of thoughtful (Freudian!) analysis of the conscious and unconscious meanings of fairy tales. I found it a model of instruction in the application of psychoanalytic thinking to cultural phenomena and consumer behavior. It informed the article I wrote about the use of projective techniques called ‘‘Dreams, Fairy Tales, Animals, and Cars’’ (Levy, 1985). The Social Service Administration program on campus was psychoanalytically oriented. I took a class there also and wrote a paper about fire setting among children. I surveyed the literature and found no insights except in psychoanalytic studies. Most other comments were superficial, saying that children were attracted to fire because it is warm and active. I called this the theory of sheer delight. The most helpful article was by Freud (1932), titled ‘‘The Acquisition of Power over Fire.’’ I wrote:
A Study on the UHF Scanning Detection Method for Partial Discharge

This essay introduces the UHF scanning online monitoring system for partial discharge in which the embedded processor and the large-scale PLD are applied.By means of comparative scanning,the system acquires the characteristic quantity of partial discharge without the use of the acquisition card.Signals collected can realize in-situ digitization.Therefore,the system,with excellent expansibility,can also realize the function of distributed monitoring as well as real-time online monitoring.Finally,the system needs only a few components and the equipment is small in size as well as easy to install.
Studies on acquired resistance of monolayer cell cultures to photodynamic action.

SummaryPhotodynamic destruction of monkey kidney cells by irradiation with visible light from a fluorescent light source at .20 watt/cm2 for 15 minutes occurs 4 hours after staining with acridine orange, neutral red, proflavine, and toluidine blue. Resistance to this photodynamic effect occurs when cells stained with the same dyes are incubated in the dark for 24-48 hours prior to exposure. Lowering the temperature of incubation to 4°C inhibited the resistance forming process. A resistance-producing factor could not be obtained from resistant cells which would convert sensitive cells. Aeration of the cells or addition of fresh media does not reverse their photodynamic resistance. Thus, the depletion of a media constituent is not the cause of photodynamic resistance. Cell lines vary as to their susceptibility to photodynamic action and their ability to develop photodynamic resistance. However, under the experimental conditions outlined in this paper, primary cell cultures display resistance, whereas, conti...
External beam radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a clinical followup.

AbstractPost-irradiation biopsies were done on 68 patients who had received curative external beam radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. These patients were evaluated to determine subsequent rates of disease progression and patient survival. Mean followup was 5 years. Results revealed that 1) residual tumor present 12 months after therapy does not disappear, 2) advance in tumor grade occurred in 19 of 39 patients (49 per cent) with positive biopsies after therapy, 3) patients who had positive biopsies after therapy had a greater chance for disease progression (11 of 39 cases or 28 per cent) than patients with negative biopsies (4’ of 29 cases or 14 per cent) and 4) hormonal therapy started when a positive biopsy was obtained appears to delay onset of disease progression.
Stevenson, Nick. (1995). Understanding Media Cultures: Social Theory and Mass Communication.

(1997). Stevenson, Nick. (1995). Understanding Media Cultures: Social Theory and Mass Communication.. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 472-476.
Russia: Revolution and Reform

The collapse of central authority in the Soviet Union in 1991 ushered in a period of revolutionary transformations for the states that emerged in its wake. The leaders of Russia, the USSR's successor, since then have struggled to reestablish central authority while also seeking to avoid further disintegration, establish a democratic polity, and institute a market economy. The case contrasts different approaches adopted by Presidents Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin and concludes with a vision outlined by Russia's third post-Soviet president, Dmitry Medvedev. The case focuses on problems of state authority; fiscal capacity; institutionalization of political parties; relations between the federal center and provincial governments; relations between the state and big business; economic policy; and models of economic development.
Herbs and Spices

Herbs, the aromatic leaves of different plants, and spices, the aromatic dried fruits, seeds, bark, or roots of others, have been valued plant products since prehistory, driving exploration, trade, and conquest until well into the second millennium AD. The aromatic compounds released when they are eaten or heated continue to be an important component of our food, whether in high-end restaurants, in the home, or in processing. This article explores the diverse plants included in this essentially culinary classification and discusses the biosynthesis, secretion, and natural roles of the compounds that humans have adapted for flavoring their food.