cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of decreasing target oxygen saturation on retinopathy of prematurity

Introduction The authors of previous studies suggest that the oxygenation status of premature infants contributes to the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In this study we compared the incidence and severity of ROP before and after institution of a new neonatal intensive care unit oxygen protocol. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all eligible inborn patients screened for ROP during the 2 years immediately before (Group1) to and the 2 years after (Group 2) the initiation of a new oxygen protocol. In the new protocol, target oxygen saturation was adjusted from 90%-99% to 85%-93%. Treatment criteria adhered to Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity guidelines for the study's duration. Results There were 387 infants in Group 1 and 386 infants in Group 2 (descriptive statistics adjusted for correlation due to multiple births). Mean birth weights (BWs) and gestational ages were 1,194 g and 29.2 weeks (ranges, 525-2,085 g; 23 2/7-39 6/7 weeks) for Group 1 and 1,139 g and 28.9 weeks (ranges, 520-2,500 g; 22 6/7-35 3/7 weeks) for Group 2 ( p = 0.02/0.10). ROP developed in 32.7% of infants in Group 1 and 27.8% in Group 2 (p = 0.17). The incidence of ROP requiring treatment was 19.9% in Group 1 and 20.5% in Group 2 ( p = 0.91). Subanalysis of infants with BW ≤1,000g (Group, 1 n = 119; Group 2, n=141) revealed ROP incidence of 75.1% versus 57.1%, respectively ( p p = 0.19). Conclusions Lowering target oxygen saturation for inborn premature infants was associated with decreased incidence of ROP only in infants with BW ≤1,000 g. Severity of disease, including need for treatment, was similar in both groups.
Dynamic topography above retreating subduction zones

Dynamic topography provides a measure of stresses within the Earth's interior. Dense slabs induce an upper mantle flow that deflects the surface of the Earth downward above them. By combining a simple theoretical (Stokeslet) model of subduction, gravity modeling, and seismic tomography, I show that a significant fraction (as much as 2000 m) of the topographic variations observed above the Scotia, Mariana, and Hellenic subduction systems appears to be dynamically induced by stresses related to the underlying subduction.
Moore's Paradox and Akratic Belief

G.E. Moore noticed the oddity of statements like: “It's raining, but I don't believe it.” This oddity is often seen as analogous to the oddity of believing akratically, or believing what one believes one should not believe, and has been appealed to in denying the possibility of akratic belief. I describe a Belief Akratic's Paradox, analogous to Moore's paradox and centered on sentences such as: “I believe it's raining, but I shouldn't believe it.” I then defend the possibility of akratic belief against appeals to this analogy, arguing both that akratic belief does not require belief-akratic-paradoxical belief, and that the latter is importantly different from Moorean belief. I conclude by considering the implications of these arguments for an understanding of both Moorean and akratic belief.
Quantitative Analysis of Naturally Occurring Multicomponent Mineral Systems by X-Ray Diffraction

A theory for the quantitative analysis of multicomponent mineral systems by means of X-ray diffraction is presented. A linear interaction between mineral pairs is postulated. The theory is verified experimentally for bicomponent and tricomponent systems using a variety of sample preparation techniques including random powder mounts, suspensions sedimented onto glass slides, and pressed powder pellets. The minerals studied include quartz, fluorite, kaolinite, glauconite, illite, and montmorillonite. The determination of the linear interaction factors for mineral pairs is treated theoretically and experimentally. Emphasis is placed upon techniques that are applicable to naturally occurring mineral systems. Four approaches are presented for determining linear interaction coefficients for various types of such mineral systems. These approaches are applied to the experimental data and the results are compared. Results accurate within 2 per cent are commonly obtained. Experimental techniques are discussed and a qualitative and quantitative error analysis is pre- sented. It is shown that the indicated quantities present may not be particularly sensitive to the value of the linear interaction coefficient.
Electrochemical Corrosion of Electrodes in a Simulated Nuclear Waste Glass Melt

Corrosion of potential candidate electrode materials, molybdenum and tantalum, in a simulated nuclear waste glass melt was investigated using electrochemical (dc-powered) and non-powered tests. Electrochemical corrosion data showed that tantalum was more corrosion-resistant than molybdenum in this melt. Tantalum also showed passivation. The non-powered test data showed that tantalum corroded more than molybdenum. This was attributed to penetration of protective passivation layer at the tantalum-glass interface by the glass melt. Microstructural features and chemistry across selected electrode-glass interfacial regions supported these results.
Robust control of low-cost actuator for automotive active front steering application

Active Front Steering (AFS) system used in automobiles is a position controlled system and requires a high performance electric actuator. In this paper, the control methodology developed to make a low-cost Brushless permanent magnet motor drive (BLDC) suitable for the AFS application will be reported. Detailed simulation models were developed for the actuator to understand the performance under various dynamic conditions. A robust control methodology was developed to achieve smooth operation of the AFS actuator under all vehicle driving conditions and to prevent unwanted vibration at the steering wheel due to motor phase commutation. To achieve position control with high precision, conventional PID controller was used when the angle error was large and two additional control modes were introduced when the angle error was small to improve the robustness of the system. Suitable control logic was used to make the transitions between the operating modes smooth and transparent to the driver. The proposed control methodology was successfully implemented in the AFS system of an experimental vehicle and acceptable level of performance was achieved. The measured results were used for validating the simulation results. The impact of variations in the motor parameter and the torsional stiffness of the various elements of the steering system due to manufacturing tolerances on the precision of the AFS system response were studied through simulations. It was found that robust performance of the actuator can be achieved by proper choice of the PID gains used in the controller. The proposed control methodology enables the use of low-cost BLDC motor drive suitable for the high performance AFS system application.
Cognitive process as a basis for MIS and DSS design

Cognitive process research can provide specific, operational guidelines for MIS/DSS design by delineating the specific influences on managers' cognitive processes in sensing, formulating, and solving problems. The paper integrates some of the considerable body of literature on these processes in the framework of Piaget's model to illustrate the type of guidelines cognitive process research can provide. It also delineates three topical areas for future research: a Choice of Logico-Mathematical-Structures LMSs, b Development of LMSs, and c Application/Attribution of LMSs to sense, formulate and solve problems, and describes how research in these areas can help improve the effectiveness of MIS/DSS.
Alteration of Poisson's ratio in high coupling piezoelectrics

Poisson's ratio finds application in a number of areas of applied elasticity and solid mechanics, for example, to quantify the mechanical coupling between various vibrational modes. The gamut of future high-tech applications, e.g., resonant microstructures integrated with electronic and optical circuitry, can be extended by providing a dynamic mechanism for electrical adjustment of this quantity. This requires an extension of the usual Poisson's ratio considerations to include the piezoelectricity of anisotropic substances. For piezoelectric materials, the Poisson's ratios vary with orientation. This variability is to be expected. What is surprising is the size of the variability that can be produced via the piezo-effect by altering electrical boundary conditions in substances with strong piezocoupling, e.g., poled electroceramics. This second source of adjustment appears an attractive means of tuning novel MEMS filter and resonator devices for future cellular communications. This paper describes how both forms of variation come about: the angular changes, and how these are modified by the piezoelectric effect when electrical loads are imposed. Numerical examples are given.
Differences in characteristics among new pediatric neurology patients: the effect of a newly established private pediatric neurology practice.

Objective To investigate changes in volume and characteristics of new patients referred when a private pediatric neurology practice (PP) opened in 2004 in an area served primarily by an academic medical center's (AMC) pediatric neurology practice. Methods Retrospective analysis of medical and billing records to examine changes in volume, diagnosis, and sociodemographic factors of new patients at the AMC from July 2004 to June 2005; the PP during the same period; and the AMC during the year before. Results One year after the PP opened, 40% more new pediatric neurology patients were seen in this area than the year before. Compared with the AMC, PP saw a greater proportion of seizures (34% vs 26%, P P P P 20 miles from the practice (32% vs 64%, P P Conclusions The establishment of the PP dramatically increased the volume of new pediatric neurology patients in this area. After the PP opened, the AMC continued to care for most patients with rare diseases and fewer financial resources. Future research should examine whether the increase in volume reflects relief of pent-up demand or increased referral rates due to eased access, and should elucidate how differences in patient populations at academic and private subspecialty practices relate to access to subspecialty care and financial well-being of academic practices.
Alcohol-Related Problems and Dependence: An Elaboration and Integration

This study sought to more clearly specify and integrate the domain of behaviors that comprise the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-I11 definition (substance abuse and dependence) and the World Health Organization's definition (alcohol dependence syndrome) of alcoholism. To accomplish this, self-report measures were constructed that assessed the alcohol-related psychosocial problems outlined in the DSM-111 as largely necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse/dependence. The mostly physiological features of alcohol dependence were measured by four scales that reflected key elements in both definitions. After determining that these instruments possessed adequate psychometric properties, the project explored the relationships among alcohol-related problems and dependence within a sample of 420 male and female inpatient alcoholics. Alcohol dependence and psychosocial consequences were substantially correlated. Maximum-likelihood factor analysis suggested a model of three correlated factors that includ...
The national cancer data base report on squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue

Background. This study provides the largest con- temporary overview of presentation, care, and outcome for base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods. We extracted 16,188 cases from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). Chi-square analyses were per- formed on selected cross-tabulations. Observed and disease- specific survival were used to analyze outcome. Results. Three-quarters had advanced-stage (III-IV) dis- ease. Radiation therapy alone (24.5%) and combined with sur- gery (26.9%) were the most common treatments. Five-year observed and disease-specific survival rates were 27.8% and 40.3%, respectively. Poorer survival was significantly asso- ciated with older age, low income, and advanced-stage disease. For early-stage disease, surgery with or without irradiation had higher survival than irradiation alone. For advanced-stage dis- ease, surgery with irradiation had the highest survival. Conclusions. Survival rates were low for base of tongue SCC, with most deaths occurring within the first 2 years. In- come, stage, and age were significant prognostic factors. In this nonrandomized series, surgery with radiation therapy of- fered patients with advanced-stage disease the best survival. A 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 660-674, 2004
How did the fracking controversy emerge in the period 2010-2012?:

In 2010-2012, the controversy over fracking grew rapidly, first in the United States, and then internationally. An important step was the anti-fracking documentary film Gasland. With help from celebrity sources, the film was produced and won a prize at the Sundance Film Festival by early 2010 and had an Oscar nomination by early 2011, in the meantime popularizing potent images of hazard including tainted aquifers and ignitable water running from kitchen faucets. During this period, major US news organizations paid little attention to the issue. The offshore Deepwater Horizon disaster of April 2010 spurred The New York Times to prolific reporting on potential risks of the new onshore technique for extracting shale gas. With flagship news coverage, the controversy had by 2012 gained wide media attention that evoked public concern and opposition, spreading from the United States to other nations.
EFFECT OF SANDWICH SHEAR DEFORMATION AND SHELL TAPER ANGLE ON ELASTIC BUCKLING OF LARGE-SCALE COMPOSITE SANDWICH TUBE

The elastic buckling problem of large-scale composite sandwich tubes in a satellite structure is analyzed.The geometry equations,constitutive equations and strain energy expressions of cylinder shell,conical shell and frames are constructed separately.And the potential energy of external forces is obtained under given loading conditions.According to the boundary conditions,the trigonometric series are applied to describing the displacement field.The principle of minimum potential energy is used to determine the critical load.The critical loads are obtained considering or neglecting the effects of sandwich shear deformation and shell taper angle separately,and then they are compared between the two conditions,demonstrating that the maximum error is less than 10%.Based on this research,a simplified method can be applied in the design stage of the large-scale composite sandwich tube in engineering.
An Authoring Tool for Movies in the Style of Heider and Simmel

Seventy years ago, psychologists Fritz Heider and Marianne Simmel described an influential study of the perception of intention, where a simple movie of animated geometric shapes evoked in their subjects rich narrative interpretations involving their psychology and social relationships. In this paper, we describe the Heider-Simmel Interactive Theater, a web application that allows authors to create their own movies in the style of Heider and Simmel’s original film, and associate with them a textual description of their narrative intentions. We describe an evaluation of our authoring tool in a classroom of 10th grade students, and an analysis of the movies and textual narratives that they created. Our results provide strong evidence that the authors of these films, as well as Heider and Simmel by extension, intended to convey narratives that are rich with social, cognitive, and emotional concerns.
THE MODIFIED SOR METHOD: FIXED PARAMETERS

This chapter discusses the modified successive overrelaxation (MSOR) method for fixed parameters. The MSOR method was first considered by DeVogelaere for the case where ω and ω' are fixed. The chapter presents a relation between the eigenvalues of ℒ ω,ω' and those of B and also a relation between the matrices themselves. These relations are used to find necessary and sufficient conditions for strong convergence. The chapter also highlights virtual D 1/2 -norm and the virtual A 1/2 -norm of ℒ ω,ω' .
The Monte Carlo Method for Surface Exchange

Very few exact, closed-form solutions to thermal radiation problems exist, even in the absence of a participating medium. Under most circumstances the solution has to be found by numerical means. For most engineers, who are used to dealing with partial differential equations, this implies use of finite difference and finite element techniques. These methods are, of course, applicable to thermal radiation problems whenever a solution method is chosen that transforms the governing equations into sets of partial differential equations. For surface exchange, however, radiative transfer is governed by integral equations, which may be solved numerically by employing numerical quadrature for the evaluation of integrals, or more approximately using the "net radiation method" of the previous three chapters. With these techniques the solutions to relatively simple problems are readily found. However, if the geometry is involved, and/or if radiative properties vary with direction, then a solution by conventional numerical techniques may quickly become extremely involved if not impossible.
Radiotherapy Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is commonly used in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Several challenges faced by radiation oncologists in treating these patients include the lack of an accurate pathologic stage to guide management and determining how response to NAC should affect further local therapy. In the postmastectomy setting, the available data demonstrates that both initial clinical stage and final pathologic stage independently predict for locoregional recurrence (LRR). Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) improves local control in patients with locally advanced clinical stage III disease, regardless of response to NAC, and in those with residual pathologic nodal disease. Patients with early-stage disease who respond well to NAC are at low risk for LRR. Within the intermediate risk groups, additional factors such as molecular subtype and presence of a complete pathologic response, both of which have been shown to predict for LRR, may help guide further management decisions. With regard to breast-conserving therapy after NAC, the available data demonstrates this is a safe and effective option in patients with minimal up-front nodal disease and small residual tumors after NAC. Additional contraindications for lumpectomy in any setting should also be considered. The role of regional nodal irradiation in patients who have received NAC is controversial, particularly among pathologically node-negative patients. There are two ongoing randomized trials open for accrual in the USA that aim to evaluate the benefits of adjuvant radiation therapy, including regional nodal irradiation, after NAC.
Applying the institutional review board data repository approach to manage ethical considerations in evaluating and studying medical education

Issue : Medical educators and educational researchers continue to improve their processes for managing medical student and program evaluation data using sound ethical principles. This is becoming even more important as curricular innovations are occurring across undergraduate and graduate medical education. Dissemination of findings from this work is critical, and peer-reviewed journals often require an institutional review board (IRB) determination. Approach : IRB data repositories, originally designed for the longitudinal study of biological specimens, can be applied to medical education research. The benefits of such an approach include obtaining expedited review for multiple related studies within a single IRB application and allowing for more flexibility when conducting complex longitudinal studies involving large datasets from multiple data sources and/or institutions. In this paper, we inform educators and educational researchers on our analysis of the use of the IRB data repository approach to manage ethical considerations as part of best practices for amassing, pooling, and sharing data for educational research, evaluation, and improvement purposes. Implications : Fostering multi-institutional studies while following sound ethical principles in the study of medical education is needed, and the IRB data repository approach has many benefits, especially for longitudinal assessment of complex multi-site data. Keywords: educational research; ethical review; program evaluation; longitudinal assessment (Published: 20 July 2016) Citation: Med Educ Online 2016, 21 : 32021 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.32021
Feature proportion accuracy of hand-drawn facial approximation

Several studies have investigated the predictive accuracy of facial approximation methods for individual facial features, but few have investigated the ability of these methods to accurately predict the relative dimensions of these features. Photographs of 10 skulls from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection were used to create hand-drawn facial approximations following the guidelines presented in Taylor (2001). Measurements of the eyes, nose, and mouth were made and converted to ratios for comparison to their corresponding antemortem photographs. Potential error introduced by angulation in the antemortem photographs was assessed by finding similar ratio values for volunteers who were photographed at a series of angles. Eye measurements were distorted when individuals were turned 30 to 70° away from the camera. However, all antemortem photographs displayed individuals turned 30° or less from the camera. Wilcoxon signed rank tests revealed no significant differences between the hand-drawn approximations and the antemortem photograph measurements values for all feature relationships except for the eye width to iris diameter ratio, likely because the Taylor (2001) method does not reference the underlying bone when approximating the size and appearance of the eye.
The Hidden Evil: Gastrointestinal Bleed and Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by Carcinoid Tumor Found on Exploratory Laparotomy

Intestinal carcinoid tumors are uncommon malignancies which grow slowly and rarely cause any symptoms. Small bowel tumors can, at times, cause bowel obstruction and rarely, bleeding. We present a 52-year-old male who presented to the hospital for evaluation of melena. His endoscopy and colonoscopy came back negative and patient unfortunately failed to get capsule endoscopy as an outpatient. One year later, patient presented with excruciating abdominal pain and was found to have small bowel obstruction with multiple transition points. Patient was found to have four nodular lesions in the small intestine which were found to be carcinoid tumor. Surgical resection definitely improved his outcome and patient did not need adjuvant therapy after surgery. This patient was a diagnostic challenge due to unusual presentation and negative CT scan imaging during both presentations. Carcinoid tumors are highly infiltrating tumors; hence, high degree of suspicion should be kept for earlier detection and better outcome. J Med Cases. 2016;7(8):320-322 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2562w
Modeling Ca2+-Bound Troponin in Excitation Contraction Coupling.

To explain disparate decay rates of cytosolic Ca2+ and structural changes in the thin filaments during a twitch, we model the time course of Ca2+ bound troponin (Tn) resulting from the free Ca2+ transient of fast skeletal muscle. In fibers stretched beyond overlap, the decay of Ca2+ as measured by a change in fluo 3 fluorescence is significantly slower than the intensity decay of the meridional 1/38.5 nm-1 reflection of Tn; this is not simply explained by considering only the Ca2+ binding properties of Tn alone (Matsuo, T., Iwamoto, H., and Yagi, N. (2010). Biophys. J. 99, 193-200). We apply a comprehensive model that includes the known Ca2+ binding properties of Tn in the context of the thin filament with and without cycling crossbridges. Calculations based on the model predict that the transient of Ca2+ bound Tn correlates with either the fluo 3 time course in muscle with overlapping thin and thick filaments or the intensity of the meridional 1/38.5 nm-1 reflection in overstretched muscle. Hence, cycling crossbridges delay the dissociation of Ca2+ from Tn. Correlation with the fluo 3 fluorescence change is not causal given that the transient of Ca2+ bound Tn depends on sarcomere length, whereas the fluo-3 fluorescence change does not. Transient positions of tropomyosin calculated from the time course of Ca2+ bound Tn are in reasonable agreement with the transient of measured perturbations of the Tn repeat in overlap and non-overlap muscle preparations.
Hume on the Cultivation of Moral Character

This paper attempts to give a complete and coherent account of how Hume’s moral psychology can explain the cultivation of moral character. I argue that the outcome of a fully formed moral character is an agent who strengthens her calm moral sentiments into settled principles of action. I then take up the question of how the process of strengthening moral sentiments might occur, rejecting the possibilities of sympathy, “reflection,” and “resolution” because either they are too weak or else they make the passion violent, preventing the essential calm nature of moral sentiments. I next argue that custom and the non-moral motives of pride and the love of fame play the critical roles in character formation. Custom can be considered as both the process of education, whereby certain impressions are habitually and formally inculcated into us by educators, and the process of experience in society and conversation, whereby we learn to associate pleasure with the virtues and pain with the vices. In both these processes, Hume implicitly appeals to certain non-moral motives, especially pride and the love of fame, in order to launch the effects of custom.
Efficacy of early skin-to-skin contact on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in term neonates: A randomized controlled trial

Background : Despite multiple benefits of breast milk, the rates of exclusive breastfeeding in developing countries are low. Objective : To evaluate the efficacy of early skin -to -skin contact (SSC) on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 weeks of age among term neonates born by vaginal delivery. Methods : Term neonates born by vaginal delivery and did not require any resuscitation were randomized at birth to SSC (n=100) and control (n=100) group. Immediately after clamping the umbilical cord, SSC group neonates were placed on the bare bosom of mother and control group neonates were placed under a radiant warmer for a period of 45 minutes each while mothers underwent management of the third stage of labor and episiotomy repair. Pain experienced by mother during episiotomy repair was recorded using a numerical pain scale The primary outcome evaluated was the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks of postnatal age. Results : A significantly higher proportion of neonates were exclusively breastfeed at 6 weeks of age in the SSC group than in the control group (72% vs. 57.6%, p=0.04, relative risk: 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.0 -1.6). The pain score during episiotomy repair in mothers of the SSC group was significantly lower than the control group (4.74±0.85 versus 5.34±0.81; P <0.01). Conclusions : Early SSC significantly improved the rate of exclusively breastfeeding at 6 weeks of age among healthy term neonates. An important additional effect was a decrease in the amount of pain that mothers in the SSC group experienced during episiotomy repair. Keywords : Early skin-to-skin contact, exclusive breastfeeding in term neonates, randomized controlled trial. Due to errors in the previous PDF especially in the 'Cite as' authors names, the PDF fulltext has been reloaded. This information is now correc t.
Similarities and Differences in Stem Cells Between Cancer, Normal, and Injured Brain

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) communicate and interact with nervous system during brain development, injuries, and tumor formation. Several in vitro studies showed MSCs can transdifferentiate into neurons, by induction using chemical or trophic factors, gene modulation, and coculture with neural cells. Although similar phenomena have been demonstrated in vivo, whether neurons derived from MSCs have the same function as native ones remains to be determined. MSCs can be isolated from brain tissue. Pericytes have the properties of MSCs and have been indicated as originating from MSCs. Also, MSCs have great therapeutic potential for brain injury through immunomodulation, promoting angiogenesis and secreting trophic factors. However, the effect of MSCs on brain tumor formation is controversial, either by suppressing tumor growth or promoting tumor development.
Debates—Stochastic subsurface hydrology from theory to practice: Introduction

This paper introduces the papers in the “Debates—Stochastic Subsurface Hydrology from Theory to Practice” series. Beginning in the 1970s, the field of stochastic subsurface hydrology has been an active field of research, with over 3500 journal publications, of which over 850 have appeared in Water Resources Research. We are fortunate to have insightful contributions from four groups of distinguished authors who discuss the reasons why the advanced research framework established in stochastic subsurface hydrology has not impacted the practice of groundwater flow and transport modeling and design significantly. There is reasonable consensus that a community effort aimed at developing “toolboxes” for applications of stochastic methods will make them more accessible and encourage practical applications.
Place-based risk factors for aggravated assault across police divisions in Little Rock, Arkansas

AbstractExtant literature on crime and place recognizes crime does not occur randomly across space and is influenced by physical place features within the environment, such as alcohol outlets, restaurants, and public transportation stops, that generates and attracts crime. However, many analyses of these features’ influence on crime are conducted across entire jurisdictions which could potentially misrepresent the particular relationships within more localized areas. With a movement in police agencies towards proactive data-driven analyses of crime, the ability to better understand the environmental context of crime events continues to grow in prominence. Building from environmental criminology perspectives and concepts, the current study presents a framework police agencies can implement to more precisely identify the underlying place features influencing where crime occurs in different areas of their broader jurisdiction. Using risk terrain modeling, the current study examined variation in the risk fact...
Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis: A Recent Systematic Review

The pulmonary veins (PVs) are the most proximal source of arterial thromboembolism. Pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare but potentially lethal disease; its incidence is unclear, as most of the literature includes case reports. It most commonly occurs as a complica-tion of malignancy, post lung surgery, or atrial fibrillation and can be idiopathic in some cases. Most patients with PVT are commonly asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, and dyspnea from pulmonary edema or infarction. The thrombi are typically detected using a variety of imaging modalities including transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), computed tomography (CT) scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or pulmonary angiog-raphy. Treatment should be determined by the obstructing pathological finding and can include antibiotic therapy, anticoagulation, thrombectomy, and/or pulmonary resection. The delay in diagnosing this medical entity can lead to complications including pulmonary infarction, pulmonary edema, right ventricular failure, allograft failure, and peripheral embolism resulting in limb ischemia, stroke, and renal infarction (RI).
Phase I study of the combination of alisertib (MLN8237) and gemcitabine in advanced solid tumors.

2526 Background: Aurora Kinase A (AKA) is a key mitotic regulator overexpressed in multiple solid tumors. This open-label dose escalation phase I study evaluated the safety and tolerability of alis...
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia: A Case of Rare Prognosis

Introduction: Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a known etiology of noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Cases of biopsy-proven NRH in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients have been described. While these patients often have normal synthetic liver function, several reports described disease progression to liver failure. Case: We here present a 26-year-old woman with history of congenital HIV on antiretroviral therapy complicated by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at age 14. CD4 counts have been >300 with undetectable viral load. She was referred to our Hepatology service for evaluation of splenomegaly, elevated liver tests, and thrombocytopenia. On initial presentation, she reported easy bruising and gingival bleeding, and abdominal imaging showed evidence of portal hypertension without associated cirrhosis. Upper endoscopy was significant for large esophageal varices without bleeding stigmata. Liver biopsy showed minimal fibrosis around the portal areas without significant inflammation. The lobules showed focal zones of thin hepatocyte plates on reticulin stain with adjacent areas showing mild regenerative changes. The diagnosis of NRH was made and patient was placed on propranolol for variceal bleeding prophylaxis. Two years later, the patient presented with bleeding gastric varices warranting transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Postprocedure course was complicated by mild encephalopathy. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging showed a 1.7 × 1.3 cm lesion suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The patient was deemed to be a candidate for liver transplantation, and she is now delisted due to ongoing pregnancy. Conclusion: This report describes the first case of HCC in an HIV patient with NRH. The possible association of NRH with HCC warrants further investigation.
Preparing Preservice Teachers to Make the Literacy/History Connection

ABSTRACTThe arrival of the Common Core State Standards changed the landscape of teacher preparation for many teacher education programs by highlighting the importance of growing students as readers, writers, and communicators. This study focuses on the instructional literacy practices of preservice teachers enrolled in a co-taught course with a literacy instructor and a history/social studies methods instructor. Study participants engaged in practicum experiences in high school history classrooms that provided an opportunity for them to use the literacy strategies learned in their co-taught course. A major finding of this study revealed that participants were able to gain knowledge that better prepared them to integrate literacy strategies in their practicum experiences that helped to engage high school students with texts in discipline specific ways.
The paucity of universal compacta in cohomological dimension

Abstract Let C be a class of spaces. An element Z ∈ C is called universal for C if each element of C embeds in Z. It is well-known that for each n ∈ N , there exists a universal element for the class of metrizable compacta X of (covering) dimension dim ⁡ X ≤ n . The situation in cohomological dimension over an abelian group G, denoted dim G , is almost the opposite. Our results will imply in contradistinction that for each nontrivial abelian group G and for n ≥ 2 , there exists no universal element for the class of metrizable compacta X with dim G ⁡ X ≤ n .
The Best of All Possible Worlds (or Pretty Darn Close)

Marcel Kahan and Edward Rock's Article, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Pill: Adaptive Responses to Takeover Law,1 captures an intuition that has come to dominate the middle ground between supporters and critics of Delaware's takeover jurisprudence. This is the view that management's discretion to defeat hostile takeovers under Delaware law just does not matter much today. The reason is not that the current law is right -or wrong. Rather it is because offsetting developments within the corporation -option compensation and active boards-have made managers far more receptive to selling their companies today than they were during the turbulent 1980s. Kahan and Rock present a stylized history of the takeover market in three parts. First there was the big bang, an exogenous shock in the early 1980s that sharply increased hostile takeovers. This wave of hostile takeovers lasted only a few years, however. It soon was followed by a second period in which takeover activityand hostile takeovers in particular -fell precipitously. Although the economy was largely responsible for this change, legal and corporate governance developments also contributed to it. During the midand late 1980s, state legislatures adopted antitakeover legislation, while management and its allies experimented with defensive tactics. Management's efforts at self-help culminated in the poison pill, which the Delaware Supreme Court blessed, at least provisionally, in 1986. The pill placed management back in the catbird seat, able to block hostile takeovers without seeking shareholder approval. But the system still was not in equilibrium. There was no turning back the clock; shareholders still wanted the takeover premia that accompanied a robust flow of deals. Equilibrium returned to the system only in the third and final period, beginning around 1992, when option compensation plans and independent boards of directors combined to spark a new wave of friendly acquisitions that profited both shareholders and the managers of target companies.
Antiproliferative factor (APF) binds specifically to sites within the cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) extracellular domain

Antiproliferative factor (APF) is a sialoglycopeptide elevated in the urine of patients with interstitial cystitis—a chronic, painful bladder disease. APF inhibits the proliferation of normal bladder epithelial cells and cancer cells in vitro, presumably by binding to its cellular receptor, cytoskeleton associated-protein 4 (CKAP4); however, the biophysical interaction of APF with CKAP4 has not been characterized previously. In this study, we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to explore the binding kinetics of the interaction of APF and as-APF (a desialylated APF analogue with full activity) to CKAP4. We immobilized non-glycosylated APF (TVPAAVVVA) to the Fc1 channel as the control and as-APF to Fc2 channel as the ligand in order to measure the binding of CKAP4 recombinant proteins encompassing only the extracellular domain (Aa 127–602) or the extracellular domain plus the transmembrane domain (Aa 106–602). Positive binding was detected to both CKAP4126–602 and CKAP4106–602, suggesting that as-APF can bind specifically to CKAP4 and that the potential binding site(s) are located within the extracellular domain. To identify the primary APF binding site(s) within the CKAP4 extracellular domain, deletion mutants were designed according to structural predictions, and the purified recombinant proteins were immobilized on a CM5 chip through amine-coupling to measure as-APF binding activity. Importantly, both CKAP4127–360 and CKAP4361–524 exhibited a fast association rate (k on ) and a slow dissociation rate (k off ), thus generating high binding affinity and suggesting that both regions contribute relatively equally to overall as-APF binding. Therefore, two or more as-APF binding sites may exist within the Aa 127–524 region of the CKAP4 extracellular domain. We determined that the CKAP4127–360 and CKAP4361–524 mutants exhibit improved binding activity to as-APF as compared to the full-length extracellular domain, making it possible to detect low concentrations of as-APF in urine, thereby establishing a foundation for a non-invasive diagnostic assay for IC. Further, these data have revealed novel APF binding site(s) suggesting that targeting this region of CKAP4 to inhibit APF binding may be a useful strategy for treating IC-related bladder pathology.
The Western Education System

In Indian civilization I am a Baptist, because I believe in immersing the Indians in our civilization and when we get them under holding them there until they are thoroughly soaked.Richard Henry Pratt, Battlefield and Classroom
Abstract 5816: Lumen Augmentation Induced by Lipid Lowering Therapy is Associated with Greater Regional Left Ventricular Function by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Introduction: Aortic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can monitor plaque regression and lumen augmentation in patients undergoing treatment for advanced atherosclerosis. However, the relationship of reduced aortic plaque burden to regional left ventricular (LV) function is unknown. Methods: 71 patients (54 males) > 65 years of age underwent MRI measurements of descending aortic lumen and plaque size obtained from axial images of the thoracic aorta by 1.5 T MRI at baseline and after 18 months of lipid lowering therapy, using T1-weighted images (after 0.1 mmol/kg of intravenous gadodiamide). All participants underwent speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) to evaluate regional LV function at 18 months. Results: 35 patients (26 male, 35%) had an increase in aortic lumen diameter (atherosclerotic plaque burden decreased) after 18 months. These patients had greater regional LV function compared to patients who had reduction of the aortic luminal diameter (circumferential strain ECC antero septal=−21.9 and −16.6%, septum=−18.6 and −13.6, global Ecc= −16.4 and −12.5%, respectively, p
Sources of Acids, Bases, and Their Precursors in the Atmosphere

A summary of the sources of acidic and basic substances in the atmosphere is given. The primary combustion sources and secondary homogenous and heterogenous pathways by which acidic sulfate aerosols and gaseous nitric and hydrochloric acids enter or are formed in the atmosphere are delineated, and emission sources and fates of the principal atmospheric base, ammonia, are discussed. Homogenous reactions of SO2 and NO2 with OH radicals are important for sulfuric and nitric acid formation, respectively, but aqueous-phase oxidation reactions also convert dissolved S(IV) to sulfuric acid within typical cloud and rain droplet lifetimes. Evidence for rapid reaction of ammonia emissions with the principal atmospheric acids (H2SO4 and HNO3) is reviewed. Discussion then follows concerning how these reactions combine with boundary layer mixing processes to establish vertical gradients in the mixing ratios of acidic aerosols and gases.
Dimensions of the Case Module

Incorporating Case into the grammar of Chinese has important ramifications both for the theory in general and for the grammar of Chinese in particular. Theoretically, it provides support for the status of Case in Universal Grammar, allows us to capture the word order facts of Chinese without resorting to a complex set of phrase structure rules, and offers an account of the surface deviations from word order universals. With respect to Chinese grammar, the claim that objects of V, P, and A are Case positions invites the question of whether these are the only Case positions. The subject position of tensed clauses, for example, has been assumed to be a Case position to which the tense or agreement marker in INFL assigns nominative Case, in contrast to the subject position of infinitives, which has been assumed to be a Caseless position because the infinitival INFL lacks tense and agreement (see, for example, Chomsky 1981, p. 52). The question, then, is whether Chinese distinguishes finite from infinitival clauses with respect to Case assignment to the subject position, even though there is no clear morphological distinction. If there is such a distinction, what would the nominative Case assigner be and why does the subject precede the predicate (as in (1)), if word order is derived from the properties of Case assignment?
Factors Associated With Interstage Mortality Following Neonatal Single Ventricle Palliation

Background:Several advances have led to improved hospital survival following neonatal palliation (NP) of single ventricle (SV) anomalies. Nonetheless, a number of patients continue to suffer from i...
Darpp-32 and t-Darpp Protein Products of PPP1R1B: Old Dogs With New Tricks

The PPP1R1B gene is located on chromosome 17q12 (39,626,208-39,636,626[GRCh38/hg38]), which codes for multiple transcripts and two experimentally-documented proteins Darpp-32 and t-Darpp. Darpp-32 (Dopamine and cAMP Regulated Phosphoprotein), discovered in the early 1980s, is a protein whose phosphorylation is upregulated in response to cAMP in dopamine-responsive tissues in the brain. It's phosphorylation profile modulates its ability to bind and inhibit Protein Phosphatase 1 activity, which, in turn, controls the activity of hundreds of phosphorylated proteins. PPP1R1B knockout mice exhibit subtle learning defects. In 2002, the second protein product of PPP1R1B was discovered in gastric cancers: t-Darpp (truncated Darpp-32). The start codon of t-Darpp is amino acid residue 37 of Darpp-32 and it lacks the domain responsible for modulating Protein Phosphatase 1. Aside from gastric cancers, t-Darpp and/or Darpp-32 is overexpressed in tumor cells from breast, colon, esophagus, lung and prostate tissues. More than one research team has demonstrated that these proteins, through mechanisms that to date remain cloudy, activate AKT, a protein whose phosphorylation leads to cell survival and blocks apoptosis. Furthermore, in Her2 positive breast cancers (an aggressive form of breast cancer), t-Darpp/Darpp-32 overexpression causes resistance to the frequently-administered anti-Her2 drug, trastuzumab (Herceptin), likely through AKT activation. Here we briefly describe how Darpp-32 and t-Darpp were discovered and report on the current state of knowledge of their involvement in cancers. We present a case for the development of an anti-t-Darpp therapeutic agent and outline the unique challenges this endeavor will likely encounter.
Use of a Branched Linker for Enhanced Biosensing Properties in IgG Detection from Mixed Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultures.

Tris(2-aminoethyl)-amine (TREN), a branched amine, was coupled to planar surfaces of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to increase the grafting density of IgG-binding peptide (HWRGWV or ...
Nurse manager job satisfaction and retention: A home healthcare perspective.

Read about a study that explored the lived experiences of nurse managers to determine what contributes to their job satisfaction and motivates them to remain in their positions.
Using case studies as a semester-long tool to teach neuroanatomy and structure-function relationships to undergraduates.

In addition to being inherently interesting to students, case studies can serve as useful tools to teach neuroanatomy and demonstrate important relationships between brain structure and function. In most undergraduate courses, however, neuroanatomy is presented to students as a “unit” or chapter, much like other topics (e.g., receptors, pharmacology) covered in the course, over a period of a week or two. In this article, a relatively simple model of teaching neuroanatomy is described in which students are actively engaged in the presentation and discussion of case studies throughout the semester, following a general introduction to the structure of the nervous system. In this way, the teaching of neuroanatomy is “distributed” throughout the semester and put into a more user-friendly context for students as additional topics are introduced. Generally, students report enjoying learning brain structure using this method, and commented positively on the class activities associated with learning brain anatomy. Advantages and disadvantages of such a model are presented, as are suggestions for implementing similar models of undergraduate neuroanatomy education.