cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Result and Analysis of the simulation of seedling by strengthen remaining temperature

A well kown fact that many excellent rice varieties can't be planted owing to the restrict of short growth period and the rice yield can't be raised largely in cold rice region. This ex- periment carried out strengthen remaining temperture to seedling in earlyspring throgh simu- lant mode, utilizing the character of water with large hot-capacity, floating, getting easily, low costs. The Ultimate intention of experiment was early-sowing, prolonging 20-30 days growth period, raising 20% yield, stabilizing yield to more than 10000 kg/hm~2 in most rice region. The primary result showed that the effect was very ideal. The management of sowing in 3. April broken throgh the verge of low temperture-5～-6℃. It was 10-15days earlier than normal-seeding. researching results Before trans planting were as follows: fast-leaf age, rapid-tiller, large-fresh weight. It proved that this method was effective and arrived already to its intention. We hope that the ultimate result can tum to new page in rice cultivation.
Network design for quantifying urban CO 2 emissions: assessing trade-offs between precision and network density

Abstract. The majority of anthropogenic CO2 emissions are attributable to urban areas. While the emissions from urban electricity generation often occur in locations remote from consumption, many of the other emissions occur within the city limits. Evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for controlling these emissions depends on our ability to observe urban CO2 emissions and attribute them to specific activities. Cost-effective strategies for doing so have yet to be described. Here we characterize the ability of a prototype measurement network, modeled after the Berkeley Atmospheric CO2 Observation Network (BEACO2N) in California's Bay Area, in combination with an inverse model based on the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting/Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (WRF-STILT) to improve our understanding of urban emissions. The pseudo-measurement network includes 34 sites at roughly 2 km spacing covering an area of roughly 400 km2. The model uses an hourly 1 × 1 km2 emission inventory and 1 × 1 km2 meteorological calculations. We perform an ensemble of Bayesian atmospheric inversions to sample the combined effects of uncertainties of the pseudo-measurements and the model. We vary the estimates of the combined uncertainty of the pseudo-observations and model over a range of 20 to 0.005 ppm and vary the number of sites from 1 to 34. We use these inversions to develop statistical models that estimate the efficacy of the combined model–observing system in reducing uncertainty in CO2 emissions. We examine uncertainty in estimated CO2 fluxes on the urban scale, as well as for sources embedded within the city such as a line source (e.g., a highway) or a point source (e.g., emissions from the stacks of small industrial facilities). Using our inversion framework, we find that a dense network with moderate precision is the preferred setup for estimating area, line, and point sources from a combined uncertainty and cost perspective. The dense network considered here (modeled after the BEACO2N network with an assumed mismatch error of 1 ppm at an hourly temporal resolution) could estimate weekly CO2 emissions from an urban region with less than 5 % error, given our characterization of the combined observation and model uncertainty.
Ablation of Posterior Semicircular Canal for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Obstruction of the posterior semicircular canal to prevent fluid movement without injury to the neurosensory end organ has been shown to be effective treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Risk ofinjury to the innerear with loss of hearing has been reported with a variety of techniques. This paper will describe a modification of the procedure to ablate the posterior semicircular canal and to minimize the riskofinnerear injury. The procedure has been performed on 17 patients with prompt and lasting relief of vertigo and no hearing loss. The procedure seems to be a valuable and effective treatment for the disturbing condition of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
The Class Basis of Early Christianity: Inferences from a Sociological Model

For most of this century historians and sociologists agreed that in its formative days, Christianity was a movement of the dispossessed-a haven for Rome's slaves and impoverished masses. This thesis seems to have first gained ascendancy among scholars in Germany at the turn of the century. Thus, New Testament scholars trace this view to Deissmann (1908), while sociologists look to Troeltsch (1911) who claimed that in fact all of the "really creative, church-forming, religious movements are the work of the lower strata," if for no other reason than that only they have the need and the "unreflective character of thought" from which the "intransigence of certitude can rise." Marxists also look to Germany in this same period for Kautsky's (1908) elaborate, orthodox analysis of Christianity as a proletarian movement, which, he claimed, even achieved true communism briefly. Moreover, many scholars confidently attributed this conception of the social origins of early Christians to Paul on the basis of his first letter to the Corinthians in which he notes that not many of the wise, mighty, or noble are called to the faith. In recent decades, however, New Testament historians have begun to reject this notion of the social basis of the early Christian movement. E. A. Judge (1960) was the first to raise a vigorous dissent. He argued that perhaps the early Christian movement did not include a substantial number of Roman nobles or notables, but it was not abundant in the lowest strata of Roman society either. Judge showed that the New Testament gives ample evidence of privileged converts and inferred that the early church appealed primarily to the middle and upper-middle classes. Moreover, Judge perceptively noted that the "proof text" in I Corinthians 1. 26-8 had been over-interpreted: Paul did not say his followers included none of the wise, mighty, or noble-merely that there were "not many" such persons, which means that there were some. Of course, there were not "many" such people in the general population either. Moreover, even if early Christianity displayed a relative shortage of elite members, this does not imply a corresponding superabundance of the downtrodden. Since Judge first challenged the proletarian view of the early church, a consensus has developed among New Testament historians that Christianity was based in the middle and upper classes (Scroggs, 1980). However, the justification for this claim, or for any claim about the social basis of early Christianity, must remain
The Times and a New Role for Government

Richard Musgrave had left Heidelberg with his mind reeling from the ideas of Knut Wicksell and from another mentor, Jacob Marschak. A mentor of many throughout his illustrious career, the Great Mind Jacob Marschak had a particularly prescient view of economics. In the throes of the Great Depression, a growing cadre of economists believed that economic theory could inform policy and help stabilize the economy. Of course, the unorganized private sector could not sufficiently coordinate such policies for the public good. This led to a coalescing of ideas around a new role for government — that of stabilization policy.
Epizootics in Industrial Livestock Production: Preventable Gaps in Biosecurity and Biocontainment

While technological advances in animal husbandry have facilitated increases in global meat production, the high density and geographic concentration of food animal production facilities pose risks of infectious disease transmission. The scale of the 2014-2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 outbreak in the United States demonstrates the challenges in achieving pathogen control within and around industrial animal facilities using existing technologies. We discuss gaps in current practice in two specific systems within these facilities - ventilation and waste management - which are under-recognized as important drivers of microbial porosity. The development of innovative ventilation systems to reduce influx and efflux of pathogens is critically needed, and cross-sectoral partnerships should be incentivized to do so. Adapting current human biosolid treatment technologies for farm applications, reducing animal stocking density and shifting waste management responsibility from farmer to corporation would reduce risk from current manure management systems. While innovative approaches to functionally altering the industrial food animal production system remain important priorities to promote sustainability, our intention here is to identify gaps within the current system that allow for pathogen emergence and transmission and address specific areas in which technological, administrative or policy changes are necessary to mitigate these risks.
Absolute Velocity Estimates from Autonomous Underwater Gliders Equipped with Doppler Current Profilers

AbstractDoppler current profilers on autonomous underwater gliders measure water velocity relative to the moving glider over vertical ranges of O(10) m. Measurements obtained with 1-MHz Nortek acoustic Doppler dual current profilers (AD2CPs) on Spray gliders deployed off Southern California, west of the Galapagos Archipelago, and in the Gulf Stream are used to demonstrate methods of estimating absolute horizontal velocities in the upper 1000 m of the ocean. Relative velocity measurements nearest to a glider are used to infer dive-dependent flight parameters, which are then used to correct estimates of absolute vertically averaged currents to account for the accumulation of biofouling during months-long glider missions. The inverse method for combining Doppler profiler measurements of relative velocity with absolute references to estimate profiles of absolute horizontal velocity is reviewed and expanded to include additional constraints on the velocity solutions. Errors arising from both instrumental bias ...
Aflatoxin Estimation in Corn by Measurement of Bright Greenish-Yellow Fluorescence in Aqueous Extracts.

A procedure was developed for efficient extraction of bright greenish-yellow (BGY) fluorescent material from ground corn ( Zea mays L.) samples and subsequent quantitative determination of fluorescence emission in a fluorometer. The technique was designed to be inexpensive, rapid and utilizable at remote locations for estimation of aflatoxin levels. A simple, in vitro method for production of the BGY-fluorescing material from kojic acid was developed to provide a reference standard. Water was identified as an effective solvent for extraction of the BGY-fluorescence from corn; fluorescence in aqueous extracts was stable at pH 6-7 for up to 22 h at room temperature. Samples with aflatoxin concentrations of 0 to 12,000 ppb yielded BGY-fluorescence emission units of 0 to 175. A correlation coefficient of r = 0.77 was determined for BGY-fluorescence vs total aflatoxin levels (B1, B2, G1, G2) and r = 0.88 for the fluorescence vs aflatoxin B1, B2. The results provided a basis for effective determination of BGY-fluorescence as an estimate of aflatoxin levels in corn.
SO (10) SUSY GUT and Low Energy Data

In this chapter we construct the fermion mass sector of a predictive SO(10) SUSY GUT. The theory is fully tested with low energy data using a global χ2 analysis. We do not discuss the GUT breaking sector, nor the Higgs doublet-triplet splitting sectors in this chapter. In fact, in later chapters we discuss how similar fermion mass sectors can be obtained in orbifold GUTs in five dimensions or in the heterotic string.
Reply to Commentaries on “Are People Born to be Believers, or are Gods Born to be Believed?”

The four commentaries on my article “Are People Born to be Believers, or are Gods Born to be Believed?” only indirectly address my main argument that god-belief is not an innate (natural, normal, and so on) capacity of all humanity. Although scientific disciplines dispute criteria for innate biological functions, there remains little scien-tific evidence of an inherent capacity to our species for getting acquainted with any deity. Theologies looking to science may hope that the right sort of god best fits the right sort of brain. Methodologies for scientifically studying religion should not be in-fluenced by such normative presumptions.
Dual Lifetimes for Complexes between Glutathione-S-transferase (hGSTA1-1) and Product-like Ligands Detected by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging.

Single-molecule fluorescence techniques were used to characterize the binding of products and inhibitors to human glutathione S-transferase A1-1 (hGSTA1-1). The identification of at least two different bound states for the wild-type enzyme suggests that there are at least two conformations of the protein, consistent with the model that ligand binding promotes closure of the carboxy-terminal helix over the active site. Ligand induced changes in ensemble fluorescence energy transfer support this proposed structural change. The more predominant state in the ensemble of single molecules shows a significantly faster off-rate, suggesting that the carboxy-terminal helix is delocalized in this state, permitting faster exit of the bound ligand. A point mutation (I219A), which is known to interfere with the association of the carboxy-terminal helix with the enzyme, shows increased rates of interconversion between the open and closed state. Kinematic traces of fluorescence from single molecules show that a single mo...
Resisting War: How Communities Protect Themselves

In civil conflicts around the world, unarmed civilians take enormous risks to protect themselves and confront heavily armed combatants. This is not just counterintuitive - it is extraordinary. In this book, Oliver Kaplan explores cases from Colombia, with extensions to Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, and the Philippines, to show how and why civilians influence armed actors and limit violence. Based on fieldwork and statistical analysis, the book explains how local social organization and cohesion enable both covert and overt nonviolent strategies, including avoidance, cultures of peace, dispute resolution, deception, protest, and negotiation. These 'autonomy' strategies help civilians retain their agency and avoid becoming helpless victims by limiting the inroads of armed groups.
Compact Lie Groups

This chapter is about structure theory for compact Lie groups, and a certain amount of representation theory is needed for the development. The first section gives examples of group representations and shows how to construct new representations from old ones by using tensor products and the symmetric and exterior algebras.
Large-scale plasmonic pixels and combinatorial colors

Film-coupled nanocubes patterned into pixels are used to demonstrate a plasmonic multispectral pixel array consisting of six resonances between 580 and 1125 nm and reconstruct an RGB image with 9261 color combinations.
Age-Related Differences in Hospital Quality of Care for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Getting to the Heart of the Matter.

The editorialist discusses why hospital quality might vary by age, as well as why a single metric calculated by a complex formula that weighs performance in different domains is not what patients n...
On the Assessment of Antenna Patterns for Wideband Amplitude-Only Direction Finding

An approach for assessing the quality of antenna patterns for wideband unambiguous amplitude-only direction finding (AODF) at millimeter waves with two squinted antennas is discussed. Several parameter criteria are proposed to evaluate the radiation performance of the standalone antenna element in terms of pattern smoothness and beamwidth stability with frequency. A computational analysis of these criteria is conducted to identify the needed parameters of a considered (horn) antenna suitable for resilient AODF performance. For experimental demonstration, an AODF horn antenna subsystem is constructed as a single all-metal three-dimensional (3-D) printed structure with standard waveguide feed ports. The passive front end performs as expected, where a maximum error of ±1°/dB is maintained across a scanning field of view (FoV) from −20° to +20° over the entire W-band. The proposed design methodology can be generalized to E-plane patterns and different antenna types as suitable for a specific application.
A statistical approach to dynamic load modelling and identification with high frequency measurements

As distribution systems become less passive and more complex, accurate dynamic load models are essential to the safe and reliable operation of the network. Dynamic load modelling can be addressed using black-box models, which, while effective in some circumstances, do not provide insight into elements in the network. On the other hand, dynamic load modelling using white-box models can provide insight, but requires extensive knowledge about the number, parameters and type of elements composing the load, which is generally not available. In this work, using white-box modelling, load aggregation, available knowledge of the network, and high frequency measurements, we contribute a statistical methodology to estimate the number, parameters and types of elements composing the load, and also quantify the uncertainty in these estimates. We validate our aggregation technique and estimation framework using simulated data, and test the sensitivity of these results to our underlying assumptions. November 7, 2016.
Vote Oswego: Developing and Assessing the Campaign-as-Course Model

College campuses have taken on increased responsibility for mobilizing young voters. Despite the discipline’s commitment to civic engagement, political science departments play a minimal role in th...
Comparing time-based and event-based prospective memory over short delays.

The current study compared monitoring in time- and event-based prospective memory (PM). Time- and event-based non-focal task instructions were given after a baseline block of a lexical decision ong...
Organizational Readiness to Implement the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program in Dialysis Facilities

A gap exists between the development and uptake of evidence-based health promotion programs in health care settings. One reason for this gap is lack of attention to organizational readiness. The objective of this study was to assess organizational readiness to implement the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program in dialysis facilities. Survey data were collected from dialysis staff using a semi-structured Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change questionnaire. Change efficacy and change commitment scale ratings were all above 3.0, indicating a moderate level of readiness among staff. Profession and level of education were significantly associated with mean change efficacy scale ratings. Textual data revealed benefits to patients, implementation barriers and facilitators, and the influence of facility environment and culture. The findings of the current study suggest that additional efforts to advance the implementation of evidence-based health promotion programs in dialysis facilities are needed.
Isotopic Dating and the Geologic Time Scale

The intensive research on isotopic methods of age determination at a number of laboratories has produced new methods, advances in experimental techniques, and many additional measurements. These developments are reviewed with particular reference to the effect of the new age determinations on the geologic time scale. The age of the planet now appears to be about 4.5 billion years, and the oldest rocks about 3.5 billion. A large number of new measurements on Precambrian rocks provide a basis for interregional correlations. In general the post-Cambrian time scale remains unchanged, but new determinations certify the older ones and reduce the errors involved. The major problem of correlating the isotopic dates with the sedimentary column remains. The most promising leads in the solution of this problem lie in absolute age determination of irtercalated volcanics and carbonaceous shales. Ages obtained from the various uranium-lead isotope ratios on pegmatite uraninite or samarsklte are generally concordant, provided a correction for radon leakage is applied and the proper common lead correction is made. Under such conditions it is highly probable that a true age has been obtained. Where the apparent ages derived from these ratios do not agree, recrystallization with consequent lead loss is indicated. Inmore » the case of pitchblendes similar criteria apply; however, the ease of recrystallization, transportation, and redeposition complicates the interpretation of the apparert age derived from the measurements. Rubidium- strontium ages were reported which appear too high. Reasons for these anomalies are suggested. The potassium-argon method was shown to be feasible during the last year. This may become the most useful of all isotopic chronometers. (auth)« less
Hepatitis C virus core protein: possible roles in viral pathogenesis.

One of the hallmarks of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is its propensity to cause chronic infections despite the presence of HCV-specific cellular and humoral immunity. Thus, HCV appears to have an ability to evade the host’s immunity, similar to many other viruses. Various viruses employ different mechanisms, most often mediated by viral nonstructural proteins, to evade the host’s defense. Some of the viral nonstructural proteins are important for viral replication, whereas others may perform functions strictly to counter the host’s defense, thus ensuring viral survival. HCV encodes several nonstructural proteins, which include proteins for RNA replication (ns5b and probably ns3) and protein processing (ns2, ns3 and ns4a); the functions of the remaining nonstructural proteins are not yet clear. They may perform functions to disrupt host’s defense, thus contributing to the persistence of HCV infection. For example, the ns5a protein has a potential ability to counter the effects of interferon (GALE et al. 1997). Ironically, however, one of the HCV proteins that have been demonstrated to play a role in disrupting the host’s response to viral infection so far is a structural protein, namely, the core protein. This chapter is devoted to the discussion of the core protein in this respect.
Cardiac Resynchronization in Advanced Heart Failure: Biventricular Pacing

Despite significant pharmacological advances in recent years have improved morbidity and mortality in progressive heart failure, the presence of prolonged QRS interval has been associated with increased mortality. Cardiac resynchronization aims to restore the electrical dyssynchrony that in turn offers improved left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA functional class, quality of life, as well as improvement in morbidity and overall mortality. Although the initial studies have focused on patients with significant disease (NYHA classes III and IV), the same benefit was not demonstrated with mild symptoms despite improvement in reverse remodeling. The review is a brief summary of the landmark trials that validated the therapeutic benefit of biventricular pacing with a brief discussion on the limitations and ongoing research to address them.
Want to improve sexual health education for girls? Include body image

Research suggests body image is related to sexual behaviors, which can impact sexual health across the lifespan. This paper aims to explain the necessity for including body image content in sexuali...
Lower respiratory symptoms associated with environmental and reconstruction exposures after Hurricane Sandy

Objective In a population with prior exposure to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster, this study sought to determine the relationship between Hurricane Sandy-related inhalation exposures and post-Sandy lower respiratory symptoms (LRS). Methods Participants included 3835 WTC Health Registry enrollees who completed Wave 3 (2011-2012) and Hurricane Sandy (2013) surveys. The Sandy-related inhalational exposures examined were: (1) reconstruction exposure; (2) mold or damp environment exposure; and (3) other respiratory irritants exposure. LRS were defined as wheezing, persistent cough, or shortness of breath reported on ≥1 of the 30 days preceding survey completion. Associations between LRS and Sandy exposures, controlling for socio-demographic factors, post-traumatic stress disorder, and previously reported LRS and asthma were examined using multiple logistic regression. Results Over one-third of participants (34.4%) reported post-Sandy LRS. Each of the individual exposures was also independently associated with post-Sandy LRS, each having approximately twice the odds of having post-Sandy LRS. We found a dose-response relationship between the number of types of Sandy-related exposures reported and post-Sandy LRS. Conclusions This study provides evidence that post-hurricane clean-up and reconstruction exposures can increase the risk for LRS. Public health interventions should emphasize the importance of safe remediation practices and recommend use of personal protective equipment. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:697-702).
Use of consumer monitors for estimating energy expenditure in youth.

The purpose of this study was to compare energy expenditure (EE) estimates from 5 consumer physical activity monitors (PAMs) to indirect calorimetry in a sample of youth. Eighty-nine youth (mean (S...
Mice With a Combined Deficiency of Superoxide Dismutase 1 (Sod1), DJ-1 (Park7), and Parkin (Prkn) Develop Spontaneous Retinal Degeneration With Aging.

Purpose Chronic oxidative stress is an important mechanism of disease in aging disorders. We do not have a good model to recapitulate AMD and other retinal disorders in which chronic oxidative stress plays an important role. We hypothesized that mice with a combined deficiency in superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1), DJ-1 (Park-7), and Parkin (Prkn) (triple knock out, TKO) would have an increased level of chronic oxidative stress in the retina, with anatomic and functional consequences just with aging. Methods Eyes of TKO and B6J control mice were (1) monitored with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG) over time, and (2) collected for oxidative marker protein analysis by ELISA or immunohistochemistry and for transmission electron microscopy studies. Results TKO mice developed qualitative disruptions in outer retinal layers in OCT by 3 months, increased accumulation of fundus spots and subretinal microglia by 6 months of age, significant retinal thinning by 9 months, and decreased ERG signal by 12 months. Furthermore, we found increased accumulation of the oxidative marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in the retina and increased basal laminal deposits (BLD) and mitochondria number and size in the retinal pigment epithelium of aging TKO mice. Conclusions TKO mice can serve as a platform to study retinal diseases that involve chronic oxidative stress, including macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and ischemic retinopathies. In order to model each of these diseases, additional disease-specific catalysts or triggers could be superimposed onto the TKO mice. Such studies could provide better insight into disease mechanisms and perhaps lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Evaluation of performance of leading algorithms for variant pathogenicity predictions and designing a combinatory predictor method: application to Rett syndrome variants.

Background Genomics diagnostic tests are done for a wide spectrum of complex genetics conditions such as autism and cancer. The growth of technology has not only aided in successfully decoding the genetic variants that causes or trigger these disorders. However, interpretation of these variants is not a trivial task even at a level of distinguish pathogenic vs benign variants. Methods We used the clinically significant variants from ClinVar database to evaluate the performance of 14 most popular in-silico predictors using supervised learning methods. We implemented a feature selection and random forest classification algorithm to identify the best combination of predictors to evaluate the pathogenicity of a variant. Finally, we have also utilized this combination of predictors to reclassify the variants of unknown significance in MeCP2 gene that are associated with the Rett syndrome. Results The results from analysis shows an optimized selection of prediction algorithm and developed a combinatory predictor method. Our combinatory approach of using both best performing independent and ensemble predictors reduces any algorithm biases in variant characterization. The reclassification of variants (such as VUS) in MECP2 gene associated with RETT syndrome suggest that the combinatory in-silico predictor approach had a higher success rate in categorizing their pathogenicity.
A multi-method investigation of the personality correlates of digital aggression

Abstract Digital aggression (DA) refers to the use of computer-mediated technologies to harm others. A handful of previous studies have provided mixed results regarding the personality correlates of DA. We clarified these findings by analyzing the associations between three measures of DA (behavioral, Twitter, and self-report) and the Big Five traits using data from 1167 undergraduate participants. Big Five personality trait measures predicted all three DA measures, but results varied across particular assessments of DA. These results point to possible moderators and potentially important differences within the broader construct of DA.
Racionais MC’s, Marighella e o branqueamento do Brasil

In this paper I examine aspects that surround the context of the artistic and intellectual production of representatives of the African diaspora in Brazil. My goal is to highlight how such a production and its reception go through a systematic process of distortion that leads to approaches, analyzes, and conclusions that are based on a process of whitening.
San Geminiano:: “A Ruby among Many Pearls”

In San Geminiano: “A Ruby among Many Pearls,” Kristin Love Huffman and Iara Dundas use a digital reconstruction to reconsider the sixteenth-century Venetian church of San Geminiano and its siting within Piazza San Marco. Demolished in 1807, the church was significant within its Venetian context, but its importance has largely been forgotten. Through their historical reconstruction, based on analyses of archival plans and elevations, illustrated representations, written descriptions and inscriptions, and theoretical treatises, Huffman and Dundas demonstrate the methodological processes of 3-D modeling and the interpretive value of the resulting models for the study of architectural and urban histories. In addition, their work on San Geminiano enables a reevaluation of this historically important yet now lost structure9s architecture and its relationship to the space of Piazza San Marco—the political center, socioeconomic nexus, and ceremonial entry point of Venice.
Cannabidiol Treatment Results in a Common Gene Expression Response Across Aggressive Cancer Cells from Various Origins

Background: We previously reported that cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinoid with a low toxicity profile, downregulated the expression of the prometastatic gene inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) in cancer cells, leading to inhibition of tumor progression in vivo. While CBD is broadly used, including in the self-medication of cancer patients, and CBD-based therapies are undergoing clinical evaluation for cancer treatment, its mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Methods: In this study, using microarray analysis and Western blot analysis for validation, we attempted to identify the full spectrum of genes regulated by CBD across various aggressive cancer cell lines, including the breast, brain, head and neck, and prostate. Results: We confirmed that ID1 was a major target downregulated by CBD and also discovered that CBD inhibited FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1), a transcriptional activator involved in cell proliferation, while simultaneously upregulating GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), a cytokine associated with tissue differentiation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that, by modulating expression of shared key cancer-driving genes, CBD could represent a promising nontoxic therapeutic for treating tumors of various origins.
Identification of a G-Protein-Independent Activator of GIRK Channels.

Summary G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels are essential effectors of inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. GIRK channels have been implicated in diseases with abnormal neuronal excitability, including epilepsy and addiction. GIRK channels are tetramers composed of either the same subunit (e.g., homotetramers) or different subunits (e.g., heterotetramers). Compounds that specifically target subsets of GIRK channels in vivo are lacking. Previous studies have shown that alcohol directly activates GIRK channels through a hydrophobic pocket located in the cytoplasmic domain of the channel. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a GIRK1-selective activator, termed GiGA1, that targets the alcohol pocket. GiGA1 activates GIRK1/GIRK2 both in vitro and in vivo and, in turn, mitigates the effects of a convulsant in an acute epilepsy mouse model. These results shed light on the structure-based development of subunit-specific GIRK modulators that could provide potential treatments for brain disorders.
Abstract 15440: Bleeding Complications May Outweigh the Risk of Thrombosis in Patients With End-stage Liver Disease Taking Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introduction: Randomized trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of one month of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after placement of drug-eluting stents in patients with high bleeding risk...
Introducing Artificial Neural Networks as a Specific Enthalpy approximator for a course on introductory Thermodynamics

In this innovative practice, work-in-progress paper, an example is provided through which mechanical engineering students can be instructed the heuristic creation of feedforward artificial neural networks (ANN), their training, validation and quantification of their accuracy, in the context of a thermodynamics course.As big data and machine learning continue to permeate and affect the viscera of society, new challenges and career opportunities emerge. Organizations such as NSF, McKinsey global institute, Gartner global newsroom, IBM, to name a few, have published projections on the global impact big data and machine learning on the job market and how these technologies are the "next frontier in innovation".The example demonstrated here, may be introduced as a module in a traditional thermodynamics course. Using a validated ANN, the thermodynamic property of specific enthalpy of steam is evaluated, when given a thermodynamic state specification of temperature and pressure. The data used to train the neural network is generated using the equations of state provided in the IAPWS IF-97 industrial standard for water and steam. The effect of number and type of layers on the accuracy of the network and the effect of data pre-processing, on the accuracy of the network can be studied.
A Parallel Jacobi-Embedded Gauss-Seidel Method

A broad range of scientific simulations involve solving large-scale computationally expensive linear systems of equations. Iterative solvers are typically preferred over direct methods when it comes to large systems due to their lower memory requirements and shorter execution times. However, selecting the appropriate iterative solver is problem-specific and dependent on the type and symmetry of the coefficient matrix. Gauss-Seidel (GS) is an iterative method for solving linear systems that are either strictly diagonally dominant or symmetric positive definite. This technique is an improved version of Jacobi and typically converges in fewer iterations. However, the sequential nature of this algorithm complicates the parallel extraction. In fact, most parallel derivatives of GS rely on the sparsity pattern of the coefficient matrix and require matrix reordering or domain decomposition. In this article, we introduce a new algorithm that exploits the convergence property of GS and adapts the parallel structure of Jacobi. The proposed method works for both dense and sparse systems and is straightforward to implement. We have examined the performance of our method on multicore and many-core architectures. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm compared with GS and Jacobi. Additionally, performance comparison with built-in Krylov solvers in MATLAB showed that in terms of time per iteration, Krylov methods perform faster on CPUs, but our approach is significantly better when executed on GPUs. Lastly, we apply our method to solve the power flow problem, and the results indicate a significant improvement in runtime, reaching up to 87 times faster speed compared with GS.
Population as a GDP Proxy in Adam Smith

How do we measure economic growth? In the eighteenth century, well before the birth of Gross Domestic Product commonly used today, looking at the sign of the balance of trade was a way to take the ...
Rapid Independent Health Literacy Assessment: A Pilot Study Among Native English-speaking and Low English Proficiency Patients.

OBJECTIVES Health literacy is an individual's capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions. Failure to understand and correctly execute a plan of care often leads to poor health outcomes. Determining patient health literacy allows health care providers to tailor their plan of care instructions, increasing the probability of understanding, and adherence. Several validated health literacy tests have been developed to assess the health literacy of individuals and ethnic groups. However, because a proctor is required to administer these tests, their usefulness in clinical settings is limited. The issue of health literacy is especially relevant within minority groups. This research focused on producing a translatable assessment that can be administered quickly without a proctor. METHODS We developed a 15-question instrument (the RIHLA) in English using the Delphi method with a panel of bilingual experts and translated it into Spanish. Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha for 3 groups: Native English-speaking College students (NESC), Native English-speaking patients (NES), and Limited English Proficient Spanish-speaking patients (LEP). External validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient to compare our instrument to a previously validated, proctored instrument measuring health literacy (the SAHL-E). RESULTS Four hundred fifteen subjects completed the RIHLA. Of these, 192 (46.3%) were NESC, 208 (50.1%) were NES, and 15 (3.6%) were LEP. The mean number of correct answers was 11.2, 11.6, and 8.3 respectively with the LEP group scoring lower (P .70 for each group. Moderate correlation between the RIHLA and the previously validated instrument was present (P < .01) with Pearson's r = .47 (95% CI: 0.18-0.69). CONCLUSION The RIHLA is a non-proctored assessment tool that may provide a measure of patients' health literacy in multiple languages. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm the reliability, validity, and generalizability to a wider population.
Outcomes for newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia dosed on actual or adjusted body weight.

Purpose Data from solid tumor malignancies suggest that actual body weight (ABW) dosing improves overall outcomes. There is the potential to compromise efficacy when chemotherapy dosages are reduced, but the impact of dose adjustment on clinical response and toxicity in hematologic malignancies is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of utilizing a percent of ABW for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induction chemotherapy dosing.
Pathways of p53-Dependent Apoptosis

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights some of the properties of p53 protein relevant to its role in cell cycle control, induction of apoptosis, and tumor development. Human p53 protein is an oligomeric nuclear phosphoprotein. Although regions of considerable divergence exist among p53 protein coding regions of evolutionarily diverse species, all p53 proteins contain five highly conserved regions. p53 protein is divided into three major functional domains: (1) a charged N- terminal domain, (2) a central domain, and (3) a C-terminal domain. The factors involved in p53-dependent apoptosis have emerged from the study of DNA tumor viruses. At the molecular level, wtp53 can both activate transcription of genes through its sequence-specific DNA binding activity and suppress transcription of certain genes that do not contain binding sequences. The apoptosis could be induced by a truncated p53 protein deficient in transcriptional activation; however, the apoptotic response was weaker than that of full-length wtp53 protein. It suggests that dual pathways of p53-mediated apoptosis exist. The proposed pathways of transcription-dependent and transcription-independent p53-mediated apoptosis are also described in the chapter. In some cell types p53-mediated transcriptional activation is required to trigger oncogene-driven apoptosis, apoptosis can be induced in other cell types by p53 proteins that are defective in transactivating function.
The Integrity of Ancient and Modern Mathematics

When minds of first order meet, sparks fly, even across the centuries. The fundamental theorem of calculus, to be discussed in this chapter, is the result of such a pyrotechnic fusion of ideas. When Leibniz and Newton met Eudoxus and Archimedes, the calculus was rounded out into a whole. By the end of the seventeenth century it was becoming evident that calculus was not a bag of unrelated tricks but was an entity complete unto itself.
Games CEOs Play and Interest Convergence Theory: Why Diversity Lags in America'sBoardrooms and What to Do About it

Race is everywhere; therefore,possibilities for racial reform are similarly ubiquitous. It is even present within issues related to CEO domination of the director selection process. CEOs play the game of homosocial reproduction when selecting directors. Given our apartheid tradition, this means that the upper echelons of corporate America will be essentially the exclusive province of white males far into the future. But, because board diversity can improve corporate governance, racial reformers may find many allies that can serve to facilitate reform in this arena. The challenge is to find economic and political interests that can gain either from enhanced diversity or from improved corporate governance and to educate and mobilize those interests.
Dynamics of Large-Scale Magnetic Field Evolution During Solar Cycle 20

The evolution of large-scale solar magnetic fields has been studied for a complete solar cycle using the atlas of H-alpha synoptic charts for 1964–1974. The results include: a unique magnetic pattern coinciding with major coronal holes; variations in the rate of solar rotation through the solar cycle; discovery of convergence and divergence among long-lived magnetic patterns; periodic discontinuities in the organization of large-scale magnetic fields; and a new cause for coronal transients.
The optimization of vector quantizers by minimizing variance

This paper presents the results of the optimization of a vector quantizer designed to quantize the coefficients from the transform coding of black and white images. Eight images were coded using 4/spl times/4 blocks of pixels which were in turn transformed using the discrete cosine transform. Three separate methods of optimization were investigated including the Linde-Buzo-Gray (1984) method, a simulated annealing method and a third method which minimizes the variance associated with each codebook value of the vector quantizer. Results indicate that the minimum variance method optimizes the codebook nearly as well as the simulated annealing method, but with much less processing time. >
Calorimetric Studies of Superconductive Proximity Effects in a Two-Phase Ti—Fe (7.5 at. %) Alloy

Transition metal binary alloys based on group IV elements such as Ti exist in various structural states depending on composition and heat treatment. In alloys for which the valence-electron-to-atom ratio z has a value between 4.0 and approximately 4.3, the high-temperature stable bcc (β) phase often undergoes structural change or decomposition during quenching. The transformations have been the subject of numerous studies in the metallurgical literature. For the present purpose the situation can be adequately summarized as follows. In almost every system the resulting structures are successively (a) martensitic (a′) for 4.0 ≤ z ≲ 4.1; (b) two-phase (β + ω) for 4.1 ≲ z ≲ 4.3; and (c) single-phase bcc for z ≳ 4.3. In other words, the low-temperature instability of the bcc lattice in the low-z range results in transformations to the hexagonal structured α′ or ω phase. The ω phase forms as a submicroscopic precipitate within the bœ matrix. Although there is a tendency for the precipitation to take place within 4.1 ≲ z ≲ 4.3, it is only at1 z = 4.12 ± 0.06 that the transformation occurs spontaneously and reversibly through a diffusionless process. The resulting “athermal” ω-phase particles have the same composition as the matrix. For larger values of z the precipitation is accompanied by diffusion. The occurrence, abundance, and composition of this “thermal” ω phase therefore depend on the quenching rate and on the temperature and duration of any subsequent heat treatment.2
Solvable risk-sensitive control problems with output feedback

A partially observed nonlinear stochastic control with exponential running cost is considered. Explicit solutions for evaluating expectations of exponential functions are found when the control is assumed to be constant. This enables the above problems to be expressed in terms of observable quantities, while the separation principle applies. First, the authors consider the case when the dynamics are linear but the observations are quadratic functions of the signal. Second, the authors consider the case when the dynamics are nonlinear, but the observations are linear functions of the signal. Although in the present paper only control systems with constant controls are considered, the results remain applicable to more general control systems. The results presented here, are helpful in evaluating expectations of exponential functionals, similar to Feynman Kac functionals, when the dynamics are autonomous, nonlinear, and partially observable. >
Petro-Sexual Politics: Petroleum, Gender Violence, and Transnational Justice

Petro-violence is a feminist issue. Through the examination of U.S. mainstream narratives of gender violence and petroleum-violence within Nigeria, I reveal how gender and sexuality are central to representations of terrorism and ethnic-gang conflict within petroleum politics. By demonstrating that gender violence is not merely an effect of petro-violence, I argue it is the necessary condition for such violence to even take place. Understanding petro-politics means recognizing that gender violence is part of a larger political economy of violence that creates the conditions fostering and facilitating petro-politics in the first place.
Instructional Interventions Across the Inquiry Process

ABSTRACT Information literacy aims to develop in students the necessary skills, knowledge, and dispositions to use information to solve problems, make decisions, and generate new knowledge. The literature is replete with examples of guiding students in accessing and evaluating information sources. Less prevalent is processing information—the heart of the inquiry. Analysis, inference, and synthesis are critical thinking skills that take information literacy beyond a bibliographic task. In this liberal arts college setting, librarians team with consultants in quantitative reasoning, writing, and presentation technologies to deliver an information literacy program that supports not only the search, but also the analysis, interpretation, synthesis, and presentation of findings and insights.