cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using a Health Message With a Testimonial to Motivate Colon Cancer Screening Associations With Perceived Identification and Vividness

Research suggests that testimonials, or first-person narratives, influence health behavior and health-related decision making, but few studies have examined conceptual factors that may be responsible for these effects. In the current study, older adults who were due for colorectal cancer screening read a message about screening that included a testimonial from a similar other who had previously made the screening decision. We assessed participants’ identification with the testimonial character and the degree to which they found the message to be vivid. We explored associations between these factors and participants’ knowledge following the message, mood, certainty about screening, and their behavioral intentions to look for more information about screening and to have a test in the next year. In bivariate analyses, identification and vividness were both significantly, positively associated with knowledge and behavioral intentions to have screening in the next year. However, multivariate analyses revealed ...
Recent Results from CLEO-c

Initial running of the CLEO-c detector has provided the world's largest sample of ψ(3770) decays. Using this data we have reconstructed D mesons decaying to hadronic final states and have used them to tag events with a charm-anti-charm meson pair. We present preliminary results from our charm energy data which include two-body decays of the ψ ( 2 S ) and provide the measure of the suppression of the so called “Pseudo-Vector” decays. Using data taken above D D ¯ threshold at ψ(3770) energies, we report the new measurement of D D ¯ production cross and extraction of the D meson decay constant from D + → μ + ν μ decays. In addition we investigate a variety of inclusive and exclusive semileptonic D decays.
Paramagnetic resonance evidence for phase transitions in bilayers of pure spin-labeled lipids

Abstract The paramagnetic resonance lineshapes for lipid bilayers composed of neat spin-labeled lipids have been studied as a function of temperature and structure of the lipid spin label. Evidence for phase transitions in the bilayers of two paramagnetic lipids is presented. Very stable hysteresis in the phase transition on heating and cooling of one of the lipids is observed and the effect of additives on the hysteresis is investigated. A plot of chemical potential versus temperature for lipid phases of different geometry is compatible with the observed hysteresis.
Implicit (and explicit) racial attitudes barely changed during Barack Obama’s presidential campaign and early presidency

Abstract As a high-status, omnipresent Black exemplar, Barack Obama and his rise to the presidency of the United States may have induced a cultural shift in implicit racial attitudes, much like controlled exposures to positive Black and negative White exemplars have done in the laboratory ( Dasgupta & Greenwald, 2001 ). With a very large, heterogeneous sample collected daily for 2.5 years prior to, during and after the 2008 election season (N = 479,405), we observed very little evidence of systematic change in implicit and explicit racial attitudes overall, within subgroups, or for particular notable dates. Malleability of racial attitudes – implicit or explicit – may be conditional on more features than the mere presence of high-status counter-stereotypic exemplars.
QSAR modeling based on the bias/variance compromise: a harmonious

Modeling quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) is considered with an emphasis on prediction. An abundance of methods are available to develop such models. Using a harmonious approach that balances the bias and variance of predictions, the best calibration models are identified relative to the bias and variance criteria used. Criteria utilized to determine the adequacy of models are the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and validation (RMSEV), respective R2 values, and the norm of the regression vector. QSAR data from the literature are used to demonstrate concepts. For these data sets and criteria used, it is suggested that models obtained by ridge regression (RR) are more harmonious and parsimonious than models obtained by partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) when the data is mean-centered. The most harmonious RR models have the best bias/variance tradeoff reflected by the smallest RMSEC, RMSEV, and regression vector norms and the largest calibration and validation R2 values. The most parsimonious RR models have the smallest effective rank.
Social validity of behavioral practices in the treatment of autism—A review of the Super Nanny

Abstract This study assessed the social validity of behavioral techniques (i.e., pivotal response treatment) used with a child diagnosed with autism as viewed on an episode of the Super Nanny [Frost, J. (Host). (2005). Facente family [television series episode]. In N. Powell (Producer), Super Nanny. New York: American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.]. Social validity refers to the social importance and acceptability of a given intervention. The participants watched an edited version of the Super Nanny in which the presentation of the order of segments (prior to intervention and receipt of intervention) was counterbalanced between two groups of undergraduate students enrolled in an introduction to psychology course. On a 20-item questionnaire, the students rated the acceptability of the family's interactions with the child before and after behavioral techniques were applied as well as the desirability and severity of the child's behavior. The acceptability and desirability of the child's behavior increased after the treatment was implemented. Further research should be conducted evaluating the social acceptability of popular treatments for autism spectrum disorders.
Experimental and observational studies of radiolarian physiological ecology: 1. Growth, abundance and opal productivity of the spongiose radiolarianSpongaster tetras tetras

Abstract Stages of growth ofSpongaster tetras tetras were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The earliest stage with a diagonal of about 75 to 100 μm is a biconvex, nearly lens-shaped, tabular structure. Subsequent growth by accretion of silica at the periphery produces a more quadrangular tabular skeleton that gradually increases in size by growth largely at the perimeter. The corners of the tabular skeleton at maturity are somewhat lobed due to the large quantities of silica deposited there during the later stages of development. Conspicuously larger pores occur in the surface of the skeleton at the four corners where the lobes are formed. Peripheral spines and a loose patagium of siliceous spongiose matter cover the surface of the skeleton at maturity (diagonal c. 300 to 400 μm). Based on a sample of skeletons of varying size collected in plankton tows near Barbados, a mathematical equation was derived relating mean weight of the skeleton of different maturational stages to the linear dimension in μm of the diagonal. This equation was used to estimate the amount of silica deposited per day in culture. It can also be used to estimate the amount of silica in samples of skeletons obtained from sediment cores, sediment traps or plankton tows that have been cleaned and prepared for observation with a light microscope. Based on this equation, the mean weight of silica deposited per day byS. tetras tetras grown at 28°C in culture ranged from 2.6 ng for individuals 100–120 μm diagonal dimension to 10 ng for those 221 to 240 μm in size. Growth curves in culture were highly variable with some individuals growing continuously while others grew sporadically. The abundances ofS. tetras tetras during March to August are reported. Peak abundances occurred in June and July during the warmer part of the seasonal temperature cycle. The mean skeletal weight ofS. tetras tetras in plankton tows based on six representative samples was 41.8 μg/m3.
Composite fermion theory of correlated electrons in semiconductor quantum dots in high magnetic fields

Interacting electrons in a semiconductor quantum dot at strong magnetic fields exhibit a rich set of states, including correlated quantum fluids and crystallites of various symmetries. We develop in this paper a perturbative scheme based on the correlated basis functions of the composite-fermion theory, that allows a systematic improvement of the wave functions and the energies for low-lying eigenstates. For a test of the method, we study systems for which exact results are known, and find that practically exact answers are obtained for the ground state wave function, ground state energy, excitation gap, and the pair correlation function. We show how the perturbative scheme helps resolve the subtle physics of competing orders in certain anomalous cases.
Structure in the amphibian germinal vesicle.

Abstract The germinal vesicle (GV) of Xenopus laevis is an enormous nucleus that contains 18 giant lampbrush chromosomes and thousands of inclusions. The inclusions are primarily of three types: ∼1500 extrachromosomal nucleoli, 50–100 Cajal bodies, and several thousand B-snurposomes, which correspond to speckles or interchromatin granule clusters in other nuclei. The large size and abundance of the GV organelles, as well as the ease with which they can be studied both in vivo and in vitro, make the GV an ideal object for analysis of nuclear structure and function.
Nordonna: A red-skinned potato cultivar with wide adaptability

NorDonna is a mid-season, red-skinned, white-fleshed cultivar that yields a large percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers in diverse growing areas under both dryland and irrigated conditions. It tends to have a darker red skin and a lower incidence of hollow heart when compared to other red cultivars. Intended for tablestock use, NorDonna has baking, boiling, and microwaving properties comparable to Red Pontiac or Red Norland. The North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station released NorDonna on April 28, 1995.
Endoscopic placement of nasojejunal feeding tubes in ICU patients

Background: Enteral nutrition is an important component in the management of critically ill patients, but it may be limited by gastric ileus and unreliable positioning of standard feeding tubes. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk, utility, and outcome of endoscopically placed nasojejunal feeding tubes (NJT) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: We reviewed the records of all ICU patients who underwent endoscopic NJT placement from May 1995 to May 1997. A through-the-scope method was used with placement of either an 8-Fr or 10-Fr 240-cm tube. Comparison was made between tubes secured to a nasopharyngeal bridle and tubes secured without bridling. Results: A total of 66 NJT were placed in 56 patients. Previous gastric feeds had been attempted in 39 patients (70%) an average of 8.4 days prior to placing the NJT. Fifty tubes (76%) were placed in the ICU and 16 (34%) in the OR at the time of additional procedures. Procedure time ranged from 7 to 28 mins (mean, 15.2), and bridling was used in 24 of 66 placements (36%). Full caloric goal rates were achieved via 56 of 66 tubes (85%) at an average of 26.1 h after placement (range, 1–144). Goal rates were not achieved in 10 cases due to inadequate tube positioning in six, ileus in three, and early dislodgement in one. A procedure complication, consisting of aspiration, occurred in one case (1.5%). Length of tube use averaged 18.5 days (range, 1–74). Accidental tube dislodgement or migration occurred in 16 of 42 (38%) nonbridled tubes vs one of 24 (4%) bridled tubes (p < .05). Conclusions: Endoscopic placement of nasojejunal feeding tubes in critically ill patients is a safe, quick, and reliable option for enteral nutrition. Full caloric goal rates can be achieved rapidly in a high percentage of patients, even in cases where previous gastric feeds have not been tolerated. Use of a nasopharyngeal bridling system for tube security significantly decreases the risk of migration or accidental tube dislodgement.
Chemical stimulants of cheliped flexion behavior by the western Atlantic ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius)

Cheliped flexion behavior was used as a bioassay to measure the responses of the Western Atlantic ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius) to pure and natural stimuli. Responses to mantle fluid of Geukensia demissa Dillwyn are based on heat stable components of < 1000 mol. wt. In each class of pure compounds the following were most stimulatory: butanoic acid, carboxylic acids; trehalose, carbohydrates; homarine, amines; asparagine, amino acids. The response to butanoic acid was the largest of any stimulus tested. Disaccharides were more stimulatory than their common monosaccharide component, glucose, and were significantly more potent than amines, except for homarine. Disaccharides, carboxylic acids, and most of the amines were significantly more stimulatory than any of the amino acids. Proteins were the least stimulatory in contrast to the tripeptide glutathione that elicited responses similar to amino acids. These chemical stimuli are components of both live and decomposing foods in the diet of this species. The wide response spectrum of this species may reflect its “plasticity” of foraging behavior
Flow modeling workflow: II. Brown fields

Abstract Brown fields are fields with significant development history. They may be modeled using deterministic or probabilistic reservoir forecasting workflows. History matching is used to calibrate the reservoir flow model in the deterministic workflow, and to limit the number of acceptable models in the probabilistic workflow. Our task is to find the set of reservoir parameters that minimizes the difference between model performance and historical performance of the field. Two workflows for modeling brown fields are discussed here: deterministic reservoir forecasting, and probabilistic reservoir forecasting. A workflow for green fields is presented in the companion paper ( Fanchi, 2011-this issue ).
Lower order cities and national urbanization policies: China and India.

The authors "examine the urbanization history and policies of China and India with a special emphasis on the lower order cities. [They] consider the proposition that as the developing countries continue to urbanize at a rapid pace the lower order cities can play a potentially effective role in guiding future urbanization and in securing a balanced economic and spatial development. Through an examination of the urbanization records policies and performance of the lower order cities in these two countries [the authors] discuss the top-down versus the bottom-up approaches to urbanization strategy and national development....Differences between the urbanization policies of China and India and the transferability of the Chinese experience to other contexts [are also discussed]." (EXCERPT)
Implication of CO inactivation on myoglobin function.

Myoglobin (Mb) has a purported role in facilitating O2 diffusion in tissue, especially as cellular Po2 drops or the respiration demand increases. Inhibiting Mb with CO under conditions that accentu...
New [C2, H3, N, O]+˙ isomers: A metastable and collision-induced fragmentation study†

Metastable and collision-induced fragmentation in a masspsectrometer were used to characterize several [C2, H3, N, O]+˙ isomers. CO2 loss from ionized oxazolidine-2,5-dione yields the distonic ions H2CNHCO+˙ and HNCH2CO+˙ and not the cyclic isomer, . Kinetic energy relese measurement indicate that CO2 loss from the molecular ions is accompanied by a significant barrier for the reverse reaction. In this respect the behavior of oxazolidine-2,5-dione parallels that of the isoelectronic compound sucinic anhydride. O(H)CC(H)NH+˙ kions are generated via CO loss from 2(3H)-oxazolone molecular ions. There is no evidence to support generation of the cyclic isomer, . For comparison, data wer obtained for the known isomers H3CNCO+˙, H3COCN+˙, H3CCNO+˙, HOCH2CH+˙ H2NCCOH+˙ H2N(H)CCO+˙ and H2CC(H)NO+˙. The H3COCN+˙ and H3CCNO+˙ structures were assigned to the m/z 57 fragment ions from methyl cyanoformate and acetohydroxamic acid, respectively.
Effects of doxorubicin on diastolic function, contractile reserve, and ventricular-vascular coupling in piglets

The use of doxorubicin as an anticancer drug is limited by its cardiac toxicity. To examine the adverse effects of doxorubicin on cardiac function and ventricular–vascular coupling in piglets, eight piglets received five doses of intravenous doxorubicin, 1.5 mg/kg/dose, every 4–7 days starting at 3 weeks of age. A control group consisted of eight normal piglets. Using conductance and manometric catheters, indices of cardiac function, including end systolic elastance (Ees), preload-recruitable stroke work, dP/dtmax, τ, dP/dtmin, dV/dtmax, and end systolic stiffness, were calculated from volume and pressure measurements at rest and during infusion of isoproterenol. Ventricular–vascular coupling was examined by measuring arterial elastance (Ea) and Ea/Ees. Significant differences in relaxation were found between groups. Indices of diastolic stiffness and of contractile function were not different between groups. Baseline contractile efficiency was increased in the doxorubicin group. Ea and Ea/Ees were lower in the doxorubicin group. Ea/Ees was near 1 at baseline in the doxorubicin group, indicating that conditions were optimized for performance of external stroke work. Therefore, the reserve to increase external cardiac work was diminished. The finding of altered diastolic function suggests the importance of screening of diastolic indices to detect the earliest disturbances in cardiac function caused by doxorubicin.
Evaluation of repeated electrowetting on three different fluoropolymer top coatings

Degradation of the electrowetting effect by a repeated actuation is evaluated over an extended period (200 min) on electrowetting-on-dielectric samples for three popular fluoropolymer top coatings: Teflon, FluoroPel and Cytop. A conductive liquid droplet is tested in an air environment at electrowetting number Ew ≅ 0.34. A pulse train (6 s period and 50% duty cycle) of three different voltage types is used for the actuation: positive dc, negative dc and 1 kHz ac. For the dc actuations, electrowetting degrades gradually on Cytop but significantly faster on Teflon and FluoroPel under the tested conditions. For the ac actuation, electrowetting degrades gradually on all three materials in a similar fashion. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Textural changes in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) associated with tissue ultrastructure and composition

The objective of this study was to determine ultrastructural and compositional changes in fresh mushrooms associated with adverse changes in texture during 9 d of post-harvest storage at 12 degrees C. Mushroom softening (2.6N to 1.5N, puncturing force) was consistent with toughening (19.2N to 33.0N, gumminess). Protein and total carbohydrate content declined, but chitin content increased during mushroom storage. Most polysaccharides were extracted after deacetylation and depolymerization of chitin, indicating that structural glucans were mainly bound with acetylglucosamine polymers. Softening paralleled expansion of intercellular space at the pilei surface, hyphae shrinkage, central vacuole disruption, and loss of proteins (r = 0.94) and polysaccharides (r = 0.84), while toughening was associated with increased chitin content (r = 0.95).
Fundamentals and applications of spectroscopic ellipsometry

This paper describes the use of ellipsometry as a precise and accurate technique for characterizing substrates and overlayers. A brief historical development of ellipsometry and the basic principles necessary to understand how an ellipsometer works are presented. There are many examples of studies performed in addressing materials science issues, and several are presented here: measurements of thickness, optical properties, and modeling of surface roughness. These selected results obtained in our laboratory for substrates, Si/SiO2 interfaces, and polymers provide evidence that ellipsometry can play a critical role in characterizing different types of materials.
Congenital Teratoma of the Thyroid Gland: Report of a Case with a Review of the Literature

We have been able to collect, in all, 43 reported cases of teratoma of the thyroid gland. Of these, 28 probably represent true examples of the condition, while the remaining 15, having been reported before the microscope came into general use, are more doubtful. The first case reported is certainly open to doubt. It is that of Grassi (1), who in 1691 described the removal of a completely developed fetus, the length of a finger, from a swelling in a woman9s neck. On the other hand, the case described by Joube (2) in 1754 is quite probably a teratoma. In a tumor of an infant9s neck so large that it caused dystocia, he found blood, bone, cartilage, and round hollow structures resembling loops of intestine. Similarly Morand (3) in 1766 found a tumor of the neck of a new-born infant which contained hair, a mass resembling a misshapen head, and another mass resembling loops of intestine. Aside from these cases, there are found in the earlier literature, according to Hunziker (4), who has made a thorough analysis of the subject and from whose article these references are taken, 8 other cases, as follows. In 1834 Bury (5) described a large, chiefly right-sided tumor of the neck of a new-born infant, containing skin and bone. In 1839 Mondini (6) reported a case of a large tumor of the base of the neck, replacing the thyroid and receiving its blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Adelmann (7) in 1842 described a tumor of the neck in a new-born infant which contained serous cysts and cartilage. Gilles (8) in 1852 published an account of a cystic tumor of the neck which contained bone covered by periosteum and teeth. Hess (9) in 1854 described a case which was studied forty years later by Wetzel (10), and called by him a teratoma of the thyroid. This is the earliest of the more definite eases. In 1868 Boucher (11) gave a gross and microscopic description of a teratoma of the thyroid. Tannahill (12) in 1871 mentioned a partly cystic, partly solid tumor larger than a child9s head occupying the region of the thyroid. This tumor contained bone and cartilage and was called by him a myxosarcoma. Houel (13) in 1873 described a congenital tumor of the thyroid region as large as a child9s head, gelatinous, cystic, and with large numbers of cartilaginous areas.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 in urothelial tumorigenesis

Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in the tumorigenesis of multiple malignancies, including bladder and other urothelial cancers, multiple myeloma, and cervical cancer. In urothelial carcinoma (UC), constitutive receptor activation occurs most commonly through substitution of a wild-type residue with cysteine in the extracellular domain of FGFR3, thereby resulting in dimerization (through disulfide bridge formation) and subsequent stimulation of tyrosine kinase activity. Activating mutations of FGFR3 have been observed in up to 70% of non-muscle-invasive bladder tumors, while overexpression of a wild-type receptor, found in approximately 40% of tumors, has been correlated with more invasive disease. The identification of FGFR3 mutations in UC has sparked substantial interest in the therapeutic exploitation of these aberrations, and in vitro studies have provided evidence that such alterations may represent driver oncogenic lesions. In this review, we discuss the biologic and prognostic impact of FGFR3 mutations in UC as well as FGFR3 as a potential target for novel therapeutics.
ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS IN BOVINE UMBILICAL ARTERY AND THEIR INHIBITION BY NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS

1 The contractile effect of angiotensin II on bovine isolated umbilical arteries was compared to [125I]-angiotensin II binding by a subcellular fraction of that tissue. The ED50 of angiotensin was 3.1 +/- 2.8 x 10(-8) M, while the apparent dissociation constant was 4.9 +/- 1.6 x 10(-9) M. 2 Indomethacin, meclofenamate, and eicosatetraynoic acid inhibited angiotensin-induced contraction of the isolated artery and binding to a particulate fraction at comparable doses. Phenylbutazone inhibited [125I]-angiotensin binding more potently than the response. Inhibition by the first three agents was noncompetitive, whereas phenylbutazone inhibited competitively. 3 Inhibition of angiotensin activity by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents was not specific. These agents also inhibited 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction, but not the contraction induced by KCl. 4 The data suggest that the angiotensin binding sites studied include receptors that mediate contraction of the isolated umbilical artery. Our data also indicate that indomethacin, meclofenamate, eicosatetraynoic acid and phenylbutazone are capable of direct inhibitory effects on receptors, as well as their well-known synthetase actions. The net effect of these activities will determine the change these agents cause in tissue responses to hormones.
Complex of MUC1, CIN85 and Cbl in Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis

We previously reported that CIN85, an 85 KDa protein known to be involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis through its interaction with Cbl, associates with MUC1 in tumor cells. MUC1/CIN85 complex also regulates migration and invasion of tumor cells in vitro. Here, we examined specifically human colon carcinoma tissue microarrays (TMA) by immunohistochemistry for the expression of MUC1 and CIN85 and their potential role in cancer progression and metastasis. We detected a significant increase in expression of both MUC1 and CIN85 associated with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. We further investigated if Cbl could also be present in the MUC1/CIN85 complex. Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that Cbl co-localized both with CIN85 and with MUC1 in a human colon cancer cell line. To begin to investigate the in vivo relevance of MUC1 overexpression and association with CIN85 and Cbl in cancer development and progression, we used human MUC1 transgenic mice that express MUC1 on the colonic epithelial cells, treated with azoxymethane to initiate and dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) to promote colorectal carcinogenesis. MUC1.Tg mice showed higher tumor incidence and decreased survival when compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with the in vitro data, the association of MUC1, CIN85 and Cbl was detected in colon tissues of AOM/DSS-treated MUC1 transgenic mice. MUC1/CIN85/Cbl complex appears to contribute to promotion and progression of colon cancer and thus increased expression of MUC1, CIN85 and Cbl in early stage colon cancer might be predictive of poor prognosis.
The Importance of Status Legitimacy for Intergroup Attitudes Among Numerical Minorities

This study investigated whether the legitimacy of the status structure influences the interactive effects of group status and numerical representation on intergroup attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to conditions in a 2 (level of status; high, low) by 2 (legitimacy of status; legitimate, illegitimate) by 2 (numerical representation; majority, minority) between-subjects design. The predicted three-way interaction indicated that, when status was illegitimate, majority groups with high status showed more ingroup bias than majority groups with low status, but minority groups with high status did not show more ingroup bias than their counterparts with low status. By comparison, when status was legitimate, high-status groups were more biased than low-status groups, regardless of numerical representation.
Economic design of saturating reactor magnetic pulsers

SATURABLE reactors have been widely applied in the electric control art. A less well-known use is in pulse-shaping or pulse-switching circuits, examples of which are to be found in ignitron trigger circuits and in modulators for high-power oscillators in radar transmitters. In the latter instance, circuits may become quite complex and there has been a need for criteria which will result in a simple design procedure. In this paper some useful relations applicable to this problem are described.
Glycogen degradation and inhibition of enzyme activity in the metamorphosing tadpole hepatocyte.

Abstract Glycogen concentration in the frog tadpole hepatocyte was quantitatively measured and found to decrease markedly during metamorphosis. It is postulated that this disappearance of glycogen may result in increased glucose concentration. Tryptophan oxygenase activity, which normally decreases during metamorphosis, was further depressed by glucose injection. Glycogen breakdown into glucose, followed by glucose inhibition of the enzyme, may, therefore, be a normally occurring mechanism in the intact liver.
Effects of L-DOPA on aggressive behavior and central monoaminergic activity in the lizard Anolis carolinensis, using a new method for drug delivery.

Abstract The dopamine (DA) precursor, l -DOPA (500 μg), was injected into living crickets, which were ingested (one each) by adult male Anolis carolinensis . This method of delivery elevated plasma l -DOPA and DA concentrations by ∼1000-fold. In contrast, plasma epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) were not influenced by l -DOPA treatment, although they were elevated following the consumption of the cricket. Lizards that ingested l -DOPA treated crickets had elevated l -DOPA in all brain regions measured, with DA and/or DOPAC also increased significantly in most brain regions studied. Despite increased DA levels in the striatum and nucleus accumbens as a response to l -DOPA, the treatment had no influence on general motor activity. Central serotonin, NE, and Epi systems were not affected in any brain region by oral l -DOPA treatment. In addition, aggression was inhibited by this dose of l -DOPA, even though there was no effect on serotonergic systems. This is surprising because controlling aggressive behavior is usually considered the province of serotonergic activity. Aggression was measured before and after treatment, and while saline-treated lizards retained the full vigor of aggressive activity, those fed a cricket injected with l -DOPA were only one-third as aggressive after treatment. As l -DOPA treatment did not affect general motor activity, the effect appears to be directly associated with aggression. This is supported by the observation that l -DOPA treatment delayed latency to eyespot darkening, which predicts the latency to aggression.
Precursory seismic quiescence: Past, present, and future

Precursory seismic quiescence has played a major role in most of the succesful earthquake predictions made to date. In addition to these successes, the number of detailed post-mainshock documentations of precursory quiescence is steadily growing. These facts suggest that precursory quiescence will play an important role in earthquake prediction programs of the future. For this reason it is important to critically evaluate the present state of knowledge concerning this phenomenon. The history of observations of precursory seismic quiescence includes work on seismic gaps and ‘seismic preconditions’ as well as actual studies of temporal quiescence. These papers demonstrated the importance of quantitative evaluation of seismicity rates and the benefits of systematic analysis. During the early 1980's the impact of man-made effects on seismicity rates was demonstrated for the first time. Despite progress in catalog understanding, the identification and correction of man-made seismicity changes remains as the major barrier to earthquake prediction using these data. Effects of man-made changes are apparent in many past studies of seismicity patterns, making the results difficult to evaluate. Recent experience with real-time anomalies has demonstrated the necessity of determining the false alarm rates associated with quiescence precursors. Determination of false alarm rates depends on quantitative definitions of anomalies and statistical evaluations of their significance. A number of successful predictions, which have been made on the basis of seismic quiescence, provide important lessons for present and future work. There are many presently unanswered questions regarding seismic quiescence which must be answered before we can determine the reliability of this phenomena as a precursor.
A Riemann–Roch theorem

In this paper, we prove an analogue of this theorem for weak Euler classes. Weak Euler classes take values in weak Euler class groups. The definitions of the weak Euler class group and weak Euler classes were achieved by relaxing the definitions of the Euler class group and Euler classes. The original definitions of the Euler class group and the Euler classes, for smooth affine algebras over fields, were given by M.V. Nori. For background literature we refer to [1,2,8,11,12,15]. For noetherian commutative rings A, with dimA = n 2 and a line bundle L on Spec(A), the weak Euler class group E0(A,L) has been defined in [2] as the quotient
FACIAL MUSCLES : A WINDOW TO UNCONSCIOUSNESS

(1992). Facial Muscles: A Window to Unconsciousness. Annals of Medicine: Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 77-78.
Repetition-related reductions in neural activity during emotional simulations of future events

Simulations of future experiences are often emotionally arousing, and the tendency to repeatedly simulate negative future outcomes has been identified as a predictor of the onset of symptoms of anxiety. Nonetheless, next to nothing is known about how the healthy human brain processes repeated simulations of emotional future events. In this study, we present a paradigm that can be used to study repeated simulations of the emotional future in a manner that overcomes phenomenological confounds between positive and negative events. The results show that pulvinar nucleus and orbitofrontal cortex respectively demonstrate selective reductions in neural activity in response to frequently as compared to infrequently repeated simulations of negative and positive future events. Implications for research on repeated simulations of the emotional future in both non-clinical and clinical populations are discussed.
Overlay of cellular CDMA on AMPS forward and reverse link analysis

The forward and reverse link capacities of code division multiple access (CDMA) and analog cellular system in North America (AMPS) are derived when they are overlaid. Formulas that describe the relationship between the number of CDMA and AMPS users for a given carrier to interference ratio (C/I) of each are presented. A nonlinear system that reduces the power of narrow-band interference is introduced. Simulation results are presented for one narrow-band interferer.
Celiac disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A report and review of the literature

Celiac disease (CD) is a condition related to the small intestine's intolerance to gluten. The diagnosis of CD can be difficult, especially because patients may exhibit a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms. It is important to identify this disease process early because affected individuals have an increased risk for developing lymphoma of the gut. Our objective was to evaluate whether patients with CD have a significantly higher prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis compared with the general population, as some investigators have speculated. Therefore, we screened 61 patients with diagnosed CD for the presence of, or a positive history of, aphthous ulcerations. We then statistically compared this data with a randomly selected control population, matched for age and gender, but without CD. Our results demonstrated no significant differences between groups for age, gender, or prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
A comparative analysis of DNA methylation across human embryonic stem cell lines

Background: We performed a comparative analysis of the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles from three human embryonic stem cell (HESC) lines. It had previously been shown that HESC lines had significantly higher non-CG methylation than differentiated cells, and we therefore asked whether these sites were conserved across cell lines. Results: We find that heavily methylated non-CG sites are strongly conserved, especially when found within the motif TACAG. They are enriched in splice sites and are more methylated than other non-CG sites in genes. We next studied the relationship between allele-specific expression and allele-specific methylation. By combining bisulfite sequencing and whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) data we identified 1,020 genes that show allele-specific expression, and 14% of CG sites genome-wide have allele-specific methylation. Finally, we asked whether the methylation state of transcription factor binding sites affects the binding of transcription factors. We identified variations in methylation levels at binding sites and found that for several transcription factors the correlation between the methylation at binding sites and gene expression is generally stronger than in the neighboring sequences. Conclusions: These results suggest a possible but as yet unknown functional role for the highly methylated conserved non-CG sites in the regulation of HESCs. We also identified a novel set of genes that are likely transcriptionally regulated by methylation in an allele-specific manner. The analysis of transcription factor binding sites suggests that the methylation state of cis-regulatory elements impacts the ability of factors to bind and regulate transcription.
Design of a phased-array driver with controllable phases and magnitudes

This paper describes the design of a phased-array driver module that provides controllable phases and magnitudes. A single driver is designed and its architecture is applied to the design of a 16-channel computer-controlled 1-GHz phased-array driver. This device is capable of varying and controlling the magnitudes and phases of its output RF signals and may be used to feed a 4/spl times/4 phased-array antenna. The outputs are computer controlled and accuracy is maintained by comparing feedback phase and magnitude values with pre-calibrated ones. Any desired relative phase shift may be obtained at the outputs with up to 30 dB of magnitude variation, having an accuracy of /spl plusmn/5/spl deg/ and /spl plusmn/0.5dB, respectively. This architecture may be applied to the design of larger arrays. Its feedback control techniques may be used to improve beam-steering accuracy.
Asymptotic approximations for surface scattering integrals

Asymptotic approximations of integrals with the saddle point method depend on the power series and their inversions utilized. This dependence is evident in the second and subsequent terms in the asymptotic series. Modifications for double integrals and poles are also indicated.
An Algorithm for Optimal Inventory Policies For Systems with Joint Setup Costs

This paper presents an algorithm inventory policies for a class of multi-product dependent setup cost problems. The operational policy under consideration is to replenish jointly, at a reduced cost, all products of the dependent class which are to be ordered in a scheduling period. Demands are assumed to be random with known probability distributions. Convergence of the iterative algorithm, to the optimal solution under suitable hypotheses is proven. Comparisons with the results of a simpler algorithm by Simmons demonstrate the cost advantages of our method.
Telephone Interviews in Research With Children

The most straightforward way to determine children s perceptions is to ask them directly. However, proxies (e.g., parents or legal guardians) are frequently used to represent their children for research purposes. Research conducted directly with children can be challenging, frustrating, rewarding, and fun, all within the same session. This article addresses ethical implications related to telephone interviews in research involving children. Strengths and weaknesses of this survey method are discussed, justification for its use with children is offered, and lessons learned regarding telephone interviews with children are shared. Published research involving telephone interviews of children ages 5 and older include topics such as dietary reports (Baxter et al., 2004; Baxter et al., 2003), recurrent abdominal pain (Walker, Garber, Smith, Van
Identification of avian coronavirus in wild aquatic birds of the central and eastern USA

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are worldwide in distribution, highly infectious, and difficult to control because of their extensive genetic diversity, short generation time, and high mutation rates. Genetically diverse CoVs have been reported from wild aquatic birds that may represent a potential reservoir for avian CoVs as well as hosts for mutations and recombination events leading to new serotypes or genera. We tested 133 pooled samples representing 700 first-passage (in eggs) and 303 direct cloacal swab transport media samples from wild aquatic birds in the US that were avian influenza-negative. We isolated RNA from frozen samples and performed reverse transcriptase-PCR using a published universal CoV primer set. Of the samples tested, one from a Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) was positive for CoV, showing nucleotide sequence similarity to a duck coronavirus (DK/CH/HN/ZZ2004). These data indicate a possible low prevalence of CoVs circulating in wild aquatic birds in the eastern half of the US.
Measurement of Displacements in Large Boreholes with a Strain-Gaged Proving Ring

A strain-gauged proving-ring transducer was designed and deployed to measure small diametral displacements in 0.61-m diameter by 4.9-m deep boreholes in rock. The rock surrounding the boreholes was previously heated by storage of spent nuclear fuel assemblies and electrical resistance heaters. Borehole displacement measurements were made subsequent to removal of the spent fuel assemblies to document the rock response and to provide data for comparison with thermal-stress calculations. A transducer was designed to measure displacements in the range of 10 to 100 {mu}m, to function in a time-varying temperature regime of 30{sup 0} to 60{sup 0}C at a relative humidity of 100%, to be of low stiffness, and to be easily and quickly installed. The strain-gauged proving-ring technology provided a viable means of recording displacements in large (0.61 m) diameter boreholes in rock which are subjected to a time-varying thermal field. Design of a relatively simple transducer to measure borehole displacements was moderately successful. Inadquate environmental protection of the strain gauges resulted in 6 of 14 transducers failing with a mean life of 85 days. The surviving transducers performed adequately, based on comparisons of pretest and post-test calibration results. 5 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Pathei Mathos —The Knowledge of Suffering

I am a psychologist in a veterans’ hospital, and it is not uncommon for some of the men with whom I talk to be afflicted with nightmares of wartime experience. It is often many years afterwards that these memories return at night with particular virulence. It is quite possible that with advancing age that youthful insouciance with which they were earlier brushed aside becomes attenuated, allowing the banished demons to return in greater force than ever.
Unsupervised interference rejection approach to target detection and classification for hyperspectral imagery

A widely used approach to hyperspectral image classification is to model a mixed-pixel vector as a linear superposition of substances resident in a pixel with additive Gaussian noise. Using this linear mixture model many image processing techniques can be applied, such as linear unmixing or orthogonal subspace projection. However, a third source not considered in this model, called interference (clutter or structured noise), may sometimes give rise to more serious signal deterioration than the additive noise. We address this issue by introducing the interference into the linear mixture model. Including interference in the model enables us to treat the interference as another undesired source, like a passive jammer, so that it can be eliminated prior to detection and classification. This is particularly useful for hyperspectral images, which tend to have a high SNR but a low signal-to-interference ratio with the interference dif- ficult to identify. To find and reject interference, we propose an unsuper- vised vector quantization-based interference rejection (UIR) approach in conjunction with either an orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) or an oblique subspace projection (OBSP) to simultaneously project a pixel into signature space as well as to null out interference. Since there is no prior knowledge about the interference, the UIR is implemented in an unsupervised manner to generate the desired interference clusters so that they can be annihilated by the OSP or OBSP. The proposed ap- proach is shown by evaluation with Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Col- lection Experiment (HYDICE) data to exhibit considerable improvement in comparison to linear unmixing or the OSP where interference is not considered. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(98)00103-2)
A self-sustained electrical soliton oscillator

This paper introduces a robust self-sustained electrical soliton oscillator that combines a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) and unique amplifier. The amplifier uses a non-linear transfer function and an adaptive bias control to work in cooperation with the soliton dynamics of the NLTL. This system reproducibly self-generates stable soliton pulse trains. Experimental results are presented together with a description of the stability mechanisms.
VLSI Design and Design Aid Requirements

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses very large scale integration (VLSI) design and design aid requirements. The Hewlett-Packard (HP) Company has had considerable experience with custom integrated-circuit design, fabrication, and manufacture. For several reasons, the experience within the company is not necessarily correlated with that of other large users of integrated circuits. Much of the work within Hp parallels that of the industry in terms of a fundamental need to have process and product development at the forefront of technology. This is a major reason for captive integrated-circuit facilities within the company, and it has been very successful as a strategy for many product areas. The goals listed in Section II for HP designers using workhorse technologies have been evolving for about a decade. At present, there are some four or five bipolar processes available throughout the company, with TTL, Schottky, ECL, EFL, and PL all characterized for each process. The processes may be structured for low noise and very low propagation delays for oscilloscope and signal analyzer preamplifiers or they may feature wide-dynamic-range line-driver and output-stage capability.
Teaching the Lerner Rule with Uncertainty

This note explains a practical approach to teaching how a form of the Lerner rule applies even when demand is uncertain. The rule brings out the distinction between the marginal cost of a unit produced and the marginal cost of an expected unit sold, which is a key distinction for properly applying the “marginal revenue equals marginal cost” principle in the presence of uncertain demand. The Lerner rule characterization also explains the differing effects of additive and multiplicative uncertainty on a firm’s profit-maximizing price, which had been a long-standing puzzle in the intellectual history of what is known as the “price-setting newsvendor” problem.
Towards Accountability and Responsibility: Meditations on Engaging the Uneven, Murky and Messy Path Towards Justice with Youth and Community

The following vignette speaks to a number of approaches the research community should consider when engaging in matters of justice work with young people and community members. Critical to this process is the ability to recognize the struggles, contradictions and missteps we make in out attempt to remain accountable to student and community concerns. Our humility is the most important element in conducting engaged research.