cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Babel sikuri: circulación y dinamismo de estilos musicales al interior de una comunidad transnacional de resurgentistas de la música andina

espanolA partir de la emergencia del movimiento sikuri en la decada de 1970, los musicos que participan en las escenas de varias ciudades latinoamericanas han interpretado estilos musicales indexales de diversos pueblos y regiones en los Andes centrales. Desde el sikumoreno de la ciudad de Puno hasta el jach'a sikuri de Ilabaya, ?que supone la eleccion de estos estilos?, ?que relacion guarda con los flujos migratorios o las exigencias de la industria discografica?, ?que revela acerca del movimiento sikuri en tanto plataforma por la que circulan formas alternativas de conocimiento? Mas aun, ?que dice acerca de las distintas cohortes de musicos que lo conforman? Este articulo explora algunas de las conside- raciones que los sikuris tienen en cuenta al escoger estilos musicales y repertorios. Argumenta que sus elecciones revelan preferencias esteticas, deseos de diferenciacion, la voluntad de mantener lazos familiares, regionales o nacionales, e incluso sus propias agendas. Concluye que, pese la frecuencia con que se celebra el presunto caracter intercultural del movimiento sikuri, la formacion cultural cosmopolita de quienes transmiten estas practicas musicales y conocimientos de origen indigena demuestra lo contrario. EnglishEver since the emergence of the sikuri movement in the 1970's the musicians who participate in most of its Latin American scenes have performed on a variety of indigenous musical styles indexical of different towns and regions in the Central Andes. From Puno city's sikumoreno to jach'a sikuri from Ilabaya, what does the preference for these styles mean? What kind of relationship does it keep with the migratory flows or the demands of the recording indus- try? What does it reveal about the sikuri movement as a platform through which alternative forms of knowledge are transferred? Moreover, what does it say about the different cohorts of musicians that make it up? This paper explores some of the considerations that the sikuris take into account when choosing their musical styles and repertoires. It argues that the sikuris’ choices reveal their aesthetic preferences, their search for identity, their will to maintain family, regional or national ties, and even their own agendas. It concludes that, despite the frequency with which the sikuri movement is celebrated as a privileged site for intercultural exchange, the shared cosmopolitan cultural formation of those individuals involved in the transmission of these musical practices and other indigenous knowledges demonstrates quite the opposite.
Introduction to Physical Education Course

(1967). Introduction to Physical Education Course. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 22-63.
One institution's approach: how the University of Texas at Austin merges research and teaching through the Freshman Research Initiative (93.1)

The integration of research with education both engages scientists and improves courses, and is critical to improving American competitiveness in science. However, comprehensive curriculum reform must overcome organizational barriers and extreme inertia. Therefore, high-impact models for improving curriculum and pedagogy must: 1) work within current educational structures and efforts, and 2) be flexible and adaptive enough to be implemented within different disciplines. The Freshman Research Initiative (FRI) at UT-Austin is a faculty-initiated reinvention of our undergraduate research paradigm recruiting over 800 freshmen each year into an integrated 3-semester research-based course sequence that aligns our research and teaching missions, increases the number and diversity of students engaged in research and significantly impacts student success and engagement in science. The FRI model is scalable, exportable, discipline-independent and includes all aspects of research. One of the goals of FRI is to exten...
Bullous pemphigoid antigen. II. Isolation from the urine of a patient

This report concerns the isolation of bullous pemphigoid antigen from the nondialyzable urinary components of a patient with the disease. The isolation was accomplished by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Pemphigoid antigen was found to be a basic glycoprotein that on SDS gel electrophoresis showed two major bands, one in the 18,000 m. w. region and the second with a m. w. of 74,000. Between these two bands, two additional bands appeared; one of 35,000 daltons and the other of 68,000 daltons. The 18,000 m. w. band was eluted from the gel and rerun on SDS gels. These gels showed the 18,000 m.w. band and also the appearance of the 35,000 and 74,000 m.w. bands. This finding indicates that urinary pemphigoid antigen may exist both as a single monomeric form and in polymeric aggregates.
Do Two Wrongs Protect a Prosecutor

May a former criminal defendant bring a civil rights action against a prosecutor who fabricated evidence during an investigation and then introduced that evidence against the defendant at trial? The Seventh and Second Circuits have divided in answering this question. On November 4, 2009, the Supreme Court heard oral argument in an Eighth Circuit case raising this question, Pottawattamie County v. Harrington, 547 F.3d 922 (8th Cir. 2008), cert. granted, 129 S. Ct. 2002 (April 20, 2009), and many expected the Court to resolve the circuit split later this term. But on January 4, 2010, the Court dismissed the case and the lawyers announced a $12 million settlement.This columns urges federal courts to recognize the analysis of the Second Circuit. The prosecutor who intentionally fabricates evidence in the investigative stage is clearly blameworthy and dangerous. If that prosecutor then knowingly uses that fabricated evidence to indict and convict a defendant, the prosecutor commits additional blameworthy and dangerous acts. Prosecutors argue every day at sentencings throughout the country that repeated criminal acts are more deserving of punishment and show greater need for deterrence than isolated crimes. Similarly, the use of fabricated evidence in cases such as Pottawattamie County aggravates the prosecutor’s blameworthiness and danger, increasing both the retributive and deterrent justifications for imposing monetary liability.
Sensor fault analysis using decision theory and data-driven modeling of pressurized water reactor subsystems

Instrument fault detection and estimation is important for process surveillance, control, and safety functions of a power plant. The method incorporates the dual-hypotheses decision procedure and system characterization using data-driven time-domain models of signals representing the system. The multivariate models can be developed on-line and can be adapted to changing system conditions. For the method to be effective, specific subsystems of pressurized water reactors were considered, and signal selection was made such that a strong causal relationship exists among the measured variables. The technique is applied to the reactor core subsystem of the loss-of-fluid test reactor using in-core neutron detector and core-exit thermocouple signals. Thermocouple anomalies such as bias error, noise error, and slow drift in the sensor are detected and estimated using appropriate measurement models.
Superconducting properties of Bi2-x-yPbxSnySr2Ca2Cu3Oz

Two systematically processed series, Bi1.6PbxSn0.4-xSr2Ca2Cu3Oz and Bi1.9-xPbxSn0.1Sr2Ca2Cu3Oz (where X ranges from 0 to 0.4) have been examined via magnetization measurements X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microprobe. In addition to observing the often reported high Tc superconducting transition temperatures at 80 K (2212) and 110 K (2223), a range of well resolved transition temperatures have been found, implying the possible existence of new phases. The presence of Sn in these materials appeared to suppress the formation of the low Tc Raveau 2201 phase. Also observed was an ordered variation in the amount of flux pinning as the Sn and Pb concentrations were changed. The authors suggest that Sn increases flux pinning by forming the compound Sr3Sn2O7.
ClpXP and ClpAP proteolytic activity on divisome substrates is differentially regulated following the Caulobacter asymmetric cell division

Proteolytic control of Caulobacter cell cycle proteins is primarily executed by ClpXP, a dynamically localized protease implicated in turnover of several factors critical for faithful cell cycle progression. Here, we show that the transient midcell localization of ClpXP that precedes cytokinesis requires the FtsZ component of the divisome. Although ClpAP does not exhibit subcellular localization, FtsZ is a substrate of both ClpXP and ClpAP in vivo and in vitro. A peptide containing the C-terminal portion of the FtsA divisome protein is a substrate of both ClpXP and ClpAP in vitro but is primarily degraded by ClpAP in vivo. Caulobacter carries out an asymmetric division in which FtsZ and FtsA are stable in stalked cells but degraded in the non-replicative swarmer cell where ClpAP alone degrades FtsA and both ClpAP and ClpXP degrade FtsZ. While asymmetric division in Caulobacter normally yields larger stalked and smaller swarmer daughters, we observe a loss of asymmetric size distribution among daughter cells when clpA is depleted from a strain in which FtsZ is constitutively produced. Taken together, these results suggest that the activity of both ClpXP and ClpAP on divisome substrates is differentially regulated in daughter cells.
Design and Analysis of a High Brightness Axial Flash lamp

A high color temperature, pulsed axial flashlamp which is very simple to build is described. The radiation is produced in argon or helium gas which is contained in an alumina tube at atmospheric pressure and allowed to flow out into the atmosphere through a hollow anode. At current densities of 40 kA/cm2 (in a 1.5 cm2 bore) the helium plasma radiates like a 30,000 K blackbody and can produce about one W/ angstrom of uv radiation in a f/8 solid angle. The voltage vs current relation of the arc discharge is of the form υ=K0|i|12 which allows one to design an R, L, C series discharge circuit which can produce a critically damped current pulse of arbitrary length.
Planckian scattering effects and black hole production in low M(Pl) scenarios

We reanalyze the question of black hole creation in high energy scattering via shock wave collisions. We find that string corrections tend to increase the scattering cross section. We analyze corrections in a more physical setting, of Randall-Sundrum type and of higher dimensionality. We also analyze the scattering inside anti--de Sitter backgrounds.
An Analysis of References Used for the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination: What are Their Levels of Evidence and Journal Impact Factors?

Background Although the references recommended for the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) have been evaluated in certain subspecialty domains, suggested reference level of evidence (LOE), impact factor, and citation age have not been evaluated comprehensively to our knowledge.
Coordinate expression of urinary-type plasminogen activator and its receptor accompanies malignant transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium

OBJECTIVE: Because elevated expression and cell surface association of urinary-type plasminogen activator have been linked to invasive potential in certain tumor types, we examined the expression of urinary-type plasminogen activator and urinary-type plasminogen activator receptor in ovarian epithelial carcinoma tissues and cells as compared with normal ovarian epithelium. STUDY DESIGN: Monoclonal antibodies specific for urinary-type plasminogen activator and urinary-type plasminogen activator receptor were used for immunohistochemical staining of tissues and cells to assess expression of these antigens in frozen sections of normal and tumor tissue. Substrate zymography was used to detect plasminogen activator activity in ovarian carcinoma ascites and in conditioned media of cultured cells, whereas a Western blot assay was used to identify urinary-type plasminogen activator receptor in cultured cells. RESULTS: Normal ovarian epithelium expressed urinary-type plasminogen activator receptor (4/4 positive) but little or no urinary-type plasminogen activator (0/4 positive), whereas epithelial ovarian carcinomas frequently expressed urinary-type plasminogen activator (4/8 positive) in conjunction with urinary-type plasminogen activator receptor (7/9 positive). High levels of urinary-type plasminogen activator were detected in 15 of 19 samples of ascites. DOV 13, OVCA 420, OVCA 429, OVCA 432, and OVCA 433 cell lines secreted urinary-type plasminogen activator in variable quantities, whereas normal ovarian epithelial cells did not secrete any detectable plasminogen activator. Urinary-type plasminogen activator receptor had similar levels of expression in all cancer cell lines and normal ovarian epithelium CONCLUSION: Overexpression of urinary-type plasminogen activator is associated with malignant transformation of the ovarian epithelium. Increased cell surface proteolysis mediated by urinary-type plasminogen activator bound to cell surface urinary-type plasminogen activator receptor may contribute to metastatic behavior in ovarian carcinoma.
Ownership structure and returns to defensive stock repurchase

This study investigates the wealth effect of defensive common stock repurchase (CSR) on outside shareholders. It is found that the impact varies with the type of corporate control activity that precipitates the repurchase. Outside shareholders suffer wealth losses when a CSR announcement follows an unsolicited bid for the firm. The impact of the CSR announcement following a partial acquisition is negative but not as strong. However, outside shareholders benefit from CSR following antitakeover charter amendments. This study also documents a nonlinear relationship between managerial equity ownership and changes in the value of the firm at the announcement of a defensive CSR.
Light-Scattering Measurements Of Soot Particles In Flames

Light-scattering techniques that are useful for the in situ measurement in flames of particles smaller than 0.1 μm are reviewed. Included are a summary of the properties of small particles in flames, a basic description of static- and dynamic-light-scattering measurement techniques, and selected examples that demonstrate the application of these techniques in flame environments.
Efficient Query Subscription Processing in a Multicast Environment

This paper introduces techniques for reducing data dissemination costs of query subscriptions. The reduction is achieved by merging queries with overlapping, but not necessarily equal, answers. The paper formalizes the query-merging problem and introduces a general cost model for it. We prove that the problem is NP-hard and propose exhaustive algorithms and three heuristic algorithms: the Pair Merging Algorithm, the Directed Search Algorithm and the Clustering Algorithm. We develop a simulator for evaluating the different heuristics and show that the performance of our heuristics is close to optimal.
Biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes in Hymenaea inferred from their quantitative co-occurrence

Abstract Leaf pocket resins of 11 species of the tropical arborescent genus Hymenaea are virtually identical qualitatively, but of widely varying quantitative proportions. Within this large range of variability, several strong positive quantitative correlations between resin constituents were found, especially between caryophyllene and β-humulene and between γ-muurolene and δ-cadinene. These data lead to clarification of sesquiterpene biosynthetic routes in Hymenaea . In addition, quantitative relationships found among caryophyllene, α- and β-selinene, γ-muurolene and δ-cadinene are explained only with difficulty by long accepted biosynthetic pathways, and the intermediacy of germacrenes is suggested.
Regulation of neuropeptide Y in the rat amygdala following unilateral olfactory bulbectomy

While the mechanisms are not fully understood, olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) is a well-known rat model of depression and depression-related disorders such as anxiety and aggression. Alterations in neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in the brain have been linked to depression and have been shown to be involved in the response to stress. This study explored the possible regulation of NPY immunoreactivity in specific regions of the amygdala 14 days after OBX in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6). Unilateral OBX and immunohistochemistry permitted comparisons of NPY in the ipsilateral amygdala with NPY in the contralateral (sham) amygdala. OBX resulted in significant increases (P<0.05) in NPY immunoreactivity in the anterior medial amygdala (threefold) and the posterior medial amygdala (2.5-fold). These regions receive projections from the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). In contrast, the anterior and posterolateral cortical nuclei of the amygdala receive projections from the main olfactory bulb (MOB). NPY was not increased in these nuclei. These data show that not only does OBX increase NPY immunoreactivity in the amygdala, but also suggest that the AOB plays a prominent role in this regulation.
Extensive experiments with hybrid genetic algorithms for the solution of the quadratic assignment problem

In this paper we perform extensive computational experiments solving quadratic assignment problems using various variants of a hybrid genetic algorithm. We introduce a new tabu search (simple tabu). We compared the modified robust tabu and the simple tabu as improvement algorithms in a hybrid genetic algorithm with other tabu searches (concentric tabu, ring moves, all moves, robust tabu) with superior results. We also tested several modifications of the hybrid genetic algorithm and all of them produced good results.
Ab initio protein structure prediction of CASP III targets using ROSETTA

To generate structures consistent with both the local and nonlocal interactions responsible for protein stability, 3 and 9 residue fragments of known structures with local sequences similar to the target sequence were assembled into complete tertiary structures using a Monte Carlo simulated annealing procedure (Simons et al., J Mol Biol 1997;268:209–225). The scoring function used in the simulated annealing procedure consists of sequence-dependent terms representing hydrophobic burial and specific pair interactions such as electrostatics and disulfide bonding and sequence-independent terms representing hard sphere packing, α-helix and β-strand packing, and the collection of β-strands in β-sheets (Simons et al., Proteins 1999;34:82–95). For each of 21 small, ab initio targets, 1,200 final structures were constructed, each the result of 100,000 attempted fragment substitutions. The five structures submitted for the CASP III experiment were chosen from the approximately 25 structures with the lowest scores in the broadest minima (assessed through the number of structural neighbors; Shortle et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:1158–1162). The results were encouraging: highlights of the predictions include a 99-residue segment for MarA with an rmsd of 6.4 A to the native structure, a 95-residue (full length) prediction for the EH2 domain of EPS15 with an rmsd of 6.0 A, a 75-residue segment of DNAB helicase with an rmsd of 4.7 A, and a 67-residue segment of ribosomal protein L30 with an rmsd of 3.8 A. These results suggest that ab initio methods may soon become useful for low-resolution structure prediction for proteins that lack a close homologue of known structure. Proteins Suppl 1999;3:171–176. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Finding business information by visualizing enterprise document activity

In an enterprise environment, business information, such as project proposals and product discussions, is dynamic and often embedded in documents and document activities (e.g, emails, Web pages and office documents). Because this information is essential to business processes, corporate employees need an effective means to retrieve it. Some commercial products, including Google Desktop, provide keyword searches for finding some of this information. However, this approach is not always effective as successful keyword searches can be difficult to construct, and even the best queries may fail to find some important materials. In this paper, we present Taste (Temporal Activities and Story TElling), an interactive visual analytics system that enhances the enterprise employee's capabilities in searching and sharing diverse and dynamic business information. Taste was designed, after interviews with corporate employees, to follow their information retrieval cues and help them manage, review and share the business information embedded in their document activities. Results of our lab and field studies validate that Taste provides employees the confidence and necessary features to more efficiently and effectively retrieve business information from their documents and activities.
The potential energy curves of HeBe, HeMg and BeMg

Abstract Correlated calculations have been performed on the potential curves of mixed dimers of He, Be and Mg He interacts weakly with all partners. BeMg appears to be intermediate in well-depth to Be 2 and Mg 2 and has electronic structure features similar to Be 2 but different from Mg 2 .
Nitric oxide can modify amino acid residues in proteins.

Abstract Nitric oxide derived from sodium nitroprusside binds to the heme moiety of hemoglobin and also modifies some functional groups in the protein. As hemoglobin concentration is increased, globin modification is decreased presumably due to formation of the NO complex with heme. The SH groups of hemoglobin are probably not involved in the formation of the stable product formed by NO. In the presence of inositol hexaphosphate, which binds preferentially in the cleft between the two β-chains of hemoglobin, formation of one modified derivative was selectively reduced. With hemoglobin specifically blocked on its N-terminal residues, globin modification was also significantly reduced. Carbonic anhydrase, which is blocked at its N-terminus, was also refractory to modification. The results suggest that the N-terminal groups of some proteins can be modified by nitric oxide, perhaps by deamination.
Domain-Specific Principles Affect Learning and Transfer in Children

In this paper I discuss the curious lack of contact between developmental psychologists studying the principles of early learning and those concentrating on later learning in children, where predispositions to learn certain types of concepts are less readily discussed. Instead, there is tacit agreement that learning and transfer mechanisms are content-independent and age-dependent. I argue here that one cannot study learning and transfer in a vacuum and that children's ability to learn is intimately dependent on what they are required to learn and the context in which they must learn it. Specifically, I argue that children learn and transfer readily, even in traditional laboratory settings, if they are required to extend their knowledge about causal mechanisms that they already understand. This point is illustrated In a series of studies with children from 1 to 3 years of age learning about simple mechanisms of physical causality (pushing-pulling, wetting, cutting, etc.). In addition, I document children's difficulty learning about causally impossible events, such as pulling with strings that do not appear to make contact with the object they are pulling. Even young children transfer on the basis of deep structural principles rather than perceptual features when they have access to the requisite domain-specific knowledge. I argue that a search for causal explanations is the basis of broad understanding, of wide patterns of generalization, and of flexible transfer and creative inferential projections-in sum, the essential elements of meaningful learning.
On the effects of variable magnitude traveling loads

Abstract The main thrust of the paper is to determine the effects of traveling load variability on visco-elastic type structural response behavior. Since the disposition of critical speeds is central to this problem, emphasis will be given to determining the existence of critical speed shifts as well as the occurrence of potential speed bifurcations. In this context, structural behavior in the various sub, trans and supercritical load speed ranges is investigated with particular consideration given to situations involving bifurcations. Since plates exhibit many of the essential features of most structure, emphasis is given to traveling external loads on plate strips. To characterize the various aspects of the variable load induced critical speed shifts and bifurcations, the results of several numerical examples are presented. These illustrate typical behavior in the sub, trans and supercritical ranges of traveling speed.
Isolation of Protoplasts from Tissues of 14-day-old Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana

Protoplasts are plant cells that have had their cell walls enzymatically removed. Isolation of protoplasts from different plant tissues was first reported more than 40 years ago 1 and has since been adapted to study a variety of cellular processes, such as subcellular localization of proteins, isolation of intact organelles and targeted gene-inactivation by double stranded RNA interference (RNAi) 2-5. Most of the protoplast isolation protocols use leaf tissues of mature Arabidopsis (e.g. 35-day-old plants) 2-4. We modified existing protocols by employing 14-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings. In this procedure, one gram of 14-day-old seedlings yielded 5 106-107 protoplasts that remain intact at least 96 hours. The yield of protoplasts from seedlings is comparable with preparations from leaves of mature Arabidopsis, but instead of 35-36 days, isolation of protoplasts is completed in 15 days. This allows decreasing the time and growth chamber space that are required for isolating protoplasts when mature plants are used, and expedites the downstream studies that require intact protoplasts.
Aeroelastic tailoring of composite wings with external stores

The use of an integrating matrix solution procedure allows the aeroelastic stability of a large number of wing/store combinations to be studied with relative speed and accuracy. Results are presented which show the effects of tailoring the orientation of the plies of laminated composite wings when external stores are present. The stores utilized take the form of concentrated masses that are varied in terms of size and location, and combinations of stores are also studied. It is seen that there are cases for which small changes in the laminate can produce large changes in the aeroelastic stability boundary, and for such situations care should be used in tailoring a wing. For a given wing, the choice fiber angle to optimize the aeroelastic performance is quite sensitive to both the size and location of the store.
NMR Proton Relaxation in Trioxane and Trithiane

Abstract Laboratory and rotating frame proton NMR relaxation times as well as second moments have been measured for the solids trioxane and trithiane. In both cases only evidence for rotation of the molecules about their respective three fold axes can be found. For this process the correlation times are, for trioxane and for trithiane (Here R is in kcal mol−1 K−1.) The rate of this rotation is too fast, or its barrier too low, for it to be rate limiting in the solid state polymerization process.
Roy J. Britten, 1919-2012: our early years at Caltech.

Roy Britten died in Costa Mesa, California on January 21, 2012, of pancreatic cancer at age 92. His work in the 1960s, in which he used renaturation kinetics to provide a quantitative image of the single-copy and repetitive sequence content of animal genomes, was of gigantic intellectual import, and it essentially built the ground floor of the edifice that we call genomics today. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1972. At the beginning of the 1970s, Roy and I teamed up as scientific partners, and we relocated to Caltech. At Caltech, we worked together for over one-quarter of a century, and most of the following work consists of a very brief retrospective on the eventful first decade of our Caltech partnership. Later, in the 1990s, Roy returned to focus on his old interests in evolutionary processes that affect genomic sequence content. He continued to carry out computational analyses on the roles of mobile elements and other processes that ceaselessly remodel genomes, particularly primate genomes, almost until his death; his last paper, “Transposable element insertions have strongly affected human evolution,” was published in PNAS in November of 2010 when he was 91 years old.
Moisture Content-Based Longitudinal Cracking Prediction and Evaluation Model for Low-Volume Roads over Expansive Soils

AbstractThis paper summarizes a methodology for using moisture content (MC) together with soil index properties to study and predict the progression of longitudinal shrinkage cracking (LSC) along low-volume roads through finite-element analysis. Extensive laboratory tests were performed on soil samples retrieved from six representative clayey sites in Texas, including five high plasticity index (PI greater than 25) sites and one low-PI site. Field measurements of moisture content, suction, and crack development were carried out at five representative farm-to-market roads constructed over the high-PI clayey materials in southern and eastern regions of Texas for verification. Compared to the prevailing suction-based approach, the MC-based approach offers more flexibility in terms of incorporating different drying/wetting paths into numerical modeling by laboratory-based material constitutive models. The estimated critical moisture content thresholds and locations of LSC showed good agreement with the field ...
Life-threatening critical respiratory events: a retrospective study of postoperative patients found unresponsive during analgesic therapy.

Abstract Study Objective To identify risk factors for life-threatening critical respiratory events occurring during parenteral analgesic therapy for acute postoperative pain. Design Retrospective, observational, cohort study. Setting University hospital. Measurements The electronic records of patients with sudden-onset, life-threatening critical respiratory events during analgesic therapy for postoperative pain were studied. Critical respiratory event data were identified from the hospital risk management database between 8/1/2000 and 7/31//2007. Patients required rescue treatment with naloxone, endototracheal intubation, or cardiopulmonary resusucitation. Pediatric patients were excluded from the study. In addition to the event description (type of analgesia, opioid dose, patient monitoring data, time of day, and time from surgery), each patient's record was reviewed to extract co-morbidities and outcome data. Main Results Over the 6-year period, 32 patients experienced a postoperative critical respiratory event. Twenty-six events and three deaths occurred within the first 24 hours of opioid therapy. Four of 32 patients died. Congestive heart failure, postoperative acute renal failure, obstructive sleep apnea, cardiac dysrhythmia, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and hypertension were significant associations in adult patients. Conclusions The first 24 hours after commencing opioid-based analgesic therapy represents a high risk period. Obstructive sleep apnea, deep levels of sedation, nocturnal presentation, and postoperative acute renal failure were seen in patients who died as a result of these critical respiratory events.
Strategic Managerial Incentive Compensation in Japan: Relative Performance Evaluation and Product Market Collusion

In an oligopolistic product market, shareholders strategically use information on rival firms'performances when designing management-incentive contracts. When shareholders use industry performance information through relative performances evaluation (RPE), they evaluate their manager's effort more easily, but hinder collusive behavior in the product market. However, when compensation is positively linked to the industry performance through strategic group performance evaluation (SGPE), the credibility of a manager's commitment to product market collusion increases, and the sustainability of a collusive outcome increases. I test how industry performance affects management-incentive compensation using the data from 796 Japanese firms during the period 1968 to 1992. The results show that management compensation is positively linked to industry profit, suggesting the use of SGPE in management-incentive compensation. Cross-sectional analysis shows that the positive effect of industry profit on management compe...
Classical one-dimensional Heisenberg magnet in an applied field

We present theoretical results for the thermodynamic properties and time-independent spin-spin correlation functions for the classical Heisenberg magnetic chain in an applied magnetic field. The calculations are performed by numerical solution of the transfer-matrix integral equation. In addition, approximate variational procedures and low-temperature expansions yield some analytic results. The procedures used are applicable to any near-neighbor interaction for classical spins in a linear chain. The most unusual behavior found is for antiferromagnetic coupling, where the specific heat shows oscillations as a function of field, and the longitudinal uniform susceptibility and the transverse staggered susceptibility increase with field for low fields.
DEVELOPMENTAL MATHEMATICS: AN EX POST FACTO STUDY

Virginia Western Community College (VWCC) conducted a two‐year follow‐up of its developmental mathematics students. The students left a statistical path that led to some important implications about the efficiency of VWCC's program and that identified some variables and relationships that other developmental educators may want to investigate. Some major findings were: (1) Blacks and males enrolled in and failed developmental mathematics at significantly higher rates than whites and females. (2) Female instructors exhibited significantly higher pass rates than male instructors, and there appeared to be an interaction between the sex of the instructors and the sex of the students. (3) The developmental program effectively prepared its graduates for all of the college level mathematics courses except business mathematics. (4) The pass rates of the developmental teachers varied significantly, but there was no correlation between their pass rates and the college level success rates of their graduates.
PET Imaging in Sarcoma

PET imaging has been evaluated in five areas of sarcoma diagnosis and treatment: biopsy guidance, therapeutic monitoring, tumor detection and grading, tumor staging, and prognostication. Current evidence does not include any cost-benefit analysis showing a decreased number of invasive procedures from false-positive results. There is overlap from more conventional imaging and PET imaging without obvious added benefit from information gained from PET/computed tomography scanning. Use as a routine test in patients with sarcoma cannot be recommended. Use in specific histologic subtypes with differing patterns of metastasis or in monitoring those cases undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy needs further study before PET/computed tomography becomes standard of care for patients with sarcoma.
Emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate using a polymerizable surfactant. I. Kinetic studies

A polymerizable surfactant, sodium dodecyl ally sulfosuccinate (TREM LF-40; Henkel) and its nonpolymerizable counterpart were used in comparative studies of the emulsion polymerization on vinyl acetate. The conversion-time behavior differed for the two-surfactants; the TREM LF-40 showed a decrease in the polymerization rate with increasing concentration while its hydrogenated derivative showed the opposite behavior, the rate increasing with increasing surfactant. Particle size decreased with increassing surfactant concentration for both series of reactions. An explanation for the seemingly ambiguous results obtained for the polymerizable surfactant was sought
Mobile ultrasound with DICOM and cloud connectivity

The market for cloud-based mobile application is growing rapidly, according to recent industry research. Healthcare services are positively affected by the new technologies and availability of many e-health applications. Diagnostic medical imaging is one area where emerging systems are being developed to leverage the mobile-cloud infrastructure to increase the accessibility and lower the cost of these critical services. A framework was developed for mobile medical imaging devices and applications to securely communicate with a cloud-based image storage and management service using standard DICOM protocol. Prototype of a mobile ultrasound application running a tablet PC with a USB transducer is also developed to validate and evaluate the design.
Cytotoxic Action of Juglone and Plumbagin: A Mechanistic Study Using HaCaT Keratinocytes

Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) and plumbagin (5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) are yellow pigments found in black walnut (Juglans regia). Herbal preparations derived from black walnut have been used as hair dyes and skin colorants in addition to being applied topically for the treatment of acne, inflammatory diseases, ringworm, and fungal, bacterial, or viral infections. We have studied the cytotoxicity of these quinones to HaCaT keratinocytes. Exposure to juglone or plumbagin (1−20 μM) resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. The cytotoxicity of these quinones is due to two different mechanisms, namely, redox cycling and reaction with glutathione (GSH). Redox cycling results in the generation of the corresponding semiquinone radicals, which were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance. Incubation of keratinocytes with the quinones generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and resulted in the oxidation of GSH to GSSG. Depletion of GSH by buthionine sulfoximine enhanced ...
Prefrontal lesions alter eating and hoarding behavior in rats

Abstract Aspiration lesions of orbital frontal cortex in the rat produced adipsia and aphagia persisting from 4–7 days. After recovery, food hoarding behavior was normal. Medial frontal cortical lesions did not affect food or water intake but produced a permanent deficit in food hoarding behavior. These results are taken as evidence that, like the rhesus monkey, the prefrontal cortex of the rat is dissociable into discrete subfields.
FURTHER ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES ON FIBRILLAR ORGANIZATION OF THE GROUND CYTOPLASM OF CHAOS CHAOS

Further evidence for fibrillar organization of the ground cytoplasm of Chaos chaos is presented. Fixations with osmium tetroxide at pH 6 or 8 and with glutaraldehyde at pH 6 or 7 were used on two preparations: (a) single actively streaming cells; (b) prechilled cells treated with 0.05% Alcian blue in the cold and returned to room temperature for 5–10 min. In addition, a 50,000 g pellet of homogenized cells was examined after fixation with glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde alone. In sections from actively streaming cells considerable numbers of filaments were observed in the uroid regions after glutaraldehyde fixation, whereas only traces of filaments were seen after osmium tetroxide fixation at either pH 6 or 8. Microtubules were not seen. In sections from dye-treated cells, filaments (4–6 mµ) and fibrils (12–15 mµ) were found with all three fixatives. The 50,000 g pellet was heterogeneous but contained both clumps of fibrils and single thick fibrils like those seen in the cytoplasm of dye-treated cells. Many fibrils of the same dimensions (12–15 mµ wide, 0.5 µ long) were also seen in the supernatant above the pellet. Negative staining showed that some fibrils separated into at least three strands of 4–6 mµ filaments.
Nature of the smectic-A-smectic-C transition of a partially perfluorinated compound.

The smectic-A\char21{}smectic-C phase transition of one partially perfluorinated liquid-crystal compound has been investigated by performing detailed calorimetric studies of both bulk samples and free-standing films. The heat-capacity data from thin free-standing films demonstrate the importance of fluctuations due to reduced dimensionality. Moreover, the data from bulk samples and thick films cannot be adequately described by the customary extended mean-field model. Discussions of other fitting schemes are presented. The free-standing film and bulk data are most consistent with a functional form based on the extended mean-field model but including Gaussian fluctuations. Moreover, the inclusion of Gaussian fluctuation terms adequately accounts for the observed film thickness dependence of smectic-A\char21{}smectic-C heat-capacity anomaly exhibited by this partially perfluorinated compound. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Study on transient recovery voltage of circuit breakers in UHV AC double circuit system

In order to study the working condition of UHV circuit breakers and determine the parameters of the transient recovery voltage (TRV) for the test of UHV circuit breakers, this paper investigated the prospect transient recovery voltages (TRV) of UHV circuit breakers in the Huainan-Wannan-Zhebei-Huxi UHV double circuit transmission system. The TRVs of UHV circuit breaker after interrupting breaker terminal fault, short line fault and out-of-phase fault were studied by EMTP simulation. The simulation results and waveforms are given. Based on the research results, the countermeasures and prospects for the TRV of UHV circuit breakers are discussed. It is recommended that modifications be made on the allowable deviation of rate of rise of TRV standard values for UHV breakers.
Correctly making panoramic imagery and the meaning of optical center

The production and viewing of panoramic scenes have fascinated people for over a millennium beginning with the camera obscura. With the advent of photography in the mid-1800s, techniques were developed to create panoramic scenes far larger than could be realized by a single camera. Making a panoramic scene from two or more images taken using a film camera was found to be challenging. Various advanced techniques for making panoramic images were developed during the 20th century and required specialized cameras and film processing. In recent years, digital cameras and powerful software programs have become readily available to aid in making panoramic imagery although often strange artifacts appears in the composite image. This is generally due to improperly locating the rotation axis of the camera. Interestingly, there is significant argument about where the axis of rotation should be for making proper panoramic imagery. The most common "answer" is the rotation axis should be about the second or rear nodal point, which will be shown in this paper to be incorrect. A second "answer" is to rotate the camera about its optical center. This is also incorrect; however, what actually constitutes the optical center of a lens and its applications will be briefly discussed. Examples of correctly and incorrectly produced panoramic image will be presented.
The Simulation of Large Transients in Neutron Reactors

The simulation of the reactor kinetics equations on an analog computer presents no difficulties in most applications. However, in situations where the reac tor is designed to give large bursts of neutrons, ana log computers do not have a great enough range. Fortunately, it is possible to transform the kinetics equations into a form in which the log of neutron flux instead of the flux is the dependent variable. This permits the simulation of pulsed reactors such as TREAT, or certain types of rocket motors.
Search for Brightness Variations in Fe XIV Coronagraph Observations of the Quiescent Solar Corona

We use Fe XIV 5303 A green line images obtained by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on board SOHO to search for variability in the quiescent solar corona in the shortest observable timescales. The observing program obtained Fe XIV images of a small area of the inner corona every 2 minutes over a period of 1 hr. We present results from two executions of this program taken several months apart. The most obvious variability observed in the two sequences is in the form of quasi-steady brightening on timescales of at least an hour. Of particular interest are two compact loops that are observed to vary significantly during the course of the observations. Superposed on the long-term brightening in these loops are statistically significant variations on timescales of about 30 minutes. In both loops, the overall brightening is greatest at the apparent loop tops, where the intensity increases by at least 25%. In one loop there appears to be a flow up one of the legs of the loop. We place these observations in context with earlier observations of coronal variability, and we discuss the energy requirements for the observed brightening. Emission measures computed from Fe XIV intensities measured within the two brightening loops are over an order of magnitude lower than those typically found for active regions on the solar disk, which suggests significantly lower average densities. For one of the loops, we measure densities in the range ne = (5.0-7.4) × 108 cm-3. Lower than average densities are expected for the two loops, given that they reach more than 1 pressure scale height above the solar limb.
Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of frontal tension headache.

We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX; Allergan) in treating frontal tension-type headache (TTH). A total of 40 patients attending a headache treatment center were randomized to receive 50 U botulinum toxin type A or saline, injected at 10 sites of the forehead. Frequency and severity of headaches before and after injection were compared. The intensity of headaches in the botulinum toxin type A group, but not the placebo group, fell significantly from an average score of 5.19 to 4.65 (p<0.0001). Botulinum toxin type A patients and placebo patients experienced an average reduction in the number of headaches per month, but these reductions were not significantly different between groups. Botulinum toxin type A was well tolerated, with no significant adverse events. Botulinum toxin type A injections in the management of frontal TTH has been shown by this study to be both effective and well tolerated. It should be noted that the effect of botulinum toxin on intensity of headache, although statistically significant, was relatively small.
Phase separated membrane bioreactor: results from model system studies.

The operation and evaluation of a bioreactor designed for high intensity oxygen transfer in a microgravity environment is described. The reactor itself consists of a zero headspace liquid phase separated from the air supply by a long length of silicone rubber tubing through which the oxygen diffuses in and the carbon dioxide diffuses out. Mass transfer studies show that the oxygen is film diffusion controlled both externally and internally to the tubing and not by diffusion across the tube walls. Methods of upgrading the design to eliminate these resistances are proposed. Cell growth was obtained in the fermenter using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showing that this concept is capable of sustaining cell growth in the terrestrial simulation.