cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-frequency vibratory sensitive neurons in monkey primary somatosensory cortex: entrained and nonentrained responses to vibration during the performance of vibratory-cued hand movements.

The activity of high-frequency vibratory sensitive (HFVS) neurons was recorded in monkey primary somatosensory cortex (SI) while animals performed wrist flexions and extensions in response to 57-Hz or 127-Hz palmar vibration. HFVS neurons were distinguished by their exquisite responsiveness to the higher frequency vibration (127 Hz). These neurons probably received input from Pacinian afferents. Systematic selection of HFVS neurons was made using K-means cluster analysis of neuronal firing rates during stimulating at 127 Hz and 57 Hz. HFVS neurons constituted ∼4% of all recorded cells and more frequently were found in areas 3b, 1, and 2 (∼5% of total in each area) than in area 3a (∼1%). Using circular-statistics analyses for nonuniformity of discharges over the vibratory cycle, HFVS neurons were split into two groups of vibration-entrained neurons (E1 and E2 neurons) and one group of nonentrained neurons (NE neurons). E1 neurons were entrained to vibration at both 127 Hz and 57 Hz, whereas E2 neurons were entrained only at one of these vibratory frequencies. Vibration-entrained neurons often exhibited multimodal distributions of interspike intervals (ISIs), with the modes at multiples of the period of vibration. In addition, for these neurons, ISI clusters in joint interval plots commonly had diagonal orientations that were indicative of negative serial correlations of the ISIs, a feature of extrinsically driven rhythmic activity. HFVS neurons located in areas 3a, 3b, and 1 responded to vibration onset at shorter latencies (16.5+1.6, 19.8±5.9, and 21.4±6.4 ms, respectively, during 127-Hz stimulation) than those located in area 2 (35.6±13.8 ms). These observations are consistent with a scheme in which HFVS area 2 neurons receive their inputs from more anterior areas of SI. Moreover, entrained neurons exhibited shorter response latencies than nonentrained neurons. During 127-Hz stimulation, response latencies were 17.3±3.0, 17.5±2.6, and 25.7±6.4 ms for E1, E2, and NE neurons, respectively, located in areas 3a, 3b, and 1. Thus, entrained and nonentrained HFVS neurons may belong to different hierarchical stages of information processing.
Mellin representation of the graviton bulk-to-bulk propagator in AdS

A Mellin-type representation of the graviton bulk-to-bulk propagator from Ref. 1 in terms of the integral over the product of bulk-to-boundary propagators is derived.
Aluminum tolerance associated with quantitative trait loci derived from soybean PI 416937 in hydroponics.

Acid soils with high levels of Al impede root growth, causing increased crop sensitivity to drought and decreased nutrient acquisition. Development of Al-tolerant cultivars may be a cost effective response to the problem. In previous investigations, we identified an Al-tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introduction from Japan (PI 416937), and subsequently determined the heritability of the trait in a cross with Young, a highly productive Al-sensitive cultivar. The objective of the present study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) which condition Al tolerance by a genetic linkage map of 155 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker loci and a hydroponics-based Al response. The 120 F 4 -derived progeny from Young x PI 416937 were divided into four sets and evaluated with the parents for tap root extension in 0 and 2 μM Al 3+ activity solutions (NOAL and HIAL, respectively) employing Al levels as whole plots in a split-plot experimental design. Aluminum tolerance was defined as (i) root extension under HIAL conditions, and (ii) root extension as a percentage of control [PC = (HIAL/NOAL) × 100]. Multiple regression analysis revealed five QTL from independent linkage groups which conditioned root extension under HIAL stress. Three of the five QTL were also detected by PC as the expression of Al tolerance. While most alleles for Al tolerance were derived from the Al-tolerant parent, PI 416937, a RFLP allele from Young (for marker EV2-1) improved Al tolerance expressed as PC and exhibited a similar trend under HIAL stress. At present, it is not known whether the Al tolerance gene from Young, in combination with those from PI 416937, will raise Al tolerance beyond that now observed in the PI. One allele for Al tolerance from PI 416937 (for marker B122-1) may be difficult to capitalize upon, agronomically, because of its association with a detrimental pod dehiscence factor. Further experimentation is needed to distinguish between linkage and pleiotropic effects near this marker. A favorable epistatic effect for Al tolerance was detected between two alleles from the PI 416937. The relationships revealed by marker analysis indicated that marker-facilitated selection may be a viable approach in the breeding of Al-tolerant soybean.
Students With Learning Disabilities and AD/HD in the Foreign Language Classroom: Supporting Students and Instructors

Abstract: This article explores why students with learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) struggle with the foreign language curriculum and how their difficulties manifest themselves in the classroom setting. Findings of a three-year, federally funded study that sought to combine expertise in the field of learning disabilities with expertise in the field of language teaching are presented. Discussion includes how accommodations for students with learning disabilities and AD/HD often miss the mark, and which teaching practices have been identified as supporting student learning.
Genome-wide alteration of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in a mouse model of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder in which patients carry premutation alleles of 55-200 CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. To date, whether alterations in epigenetic regulation modulate FXTAS has gone unexplored. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) converted from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of proteins has been found recently to play key roles in neuronal functions. Here, we undertook genome-wide profiling of cerebellar 5hmC in a FXTAS mouse model (rCGG mice) and found that rCGG mice at 16 weeks showed overall reduced 5hmC levels genome-wide compared with age-matched wild-type littermates. However, we also observed gain-of-5hmC regions in repetitive elements, as well as in cerebellum-specific enhancers, but not in general enhancers. Genomic annotation and motif prediction of wild-type- and rCGG-specific differential 5-hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) revealed their high correlation with genes and transcription factors that are important in neuronal developmental and functional pathways. DhMR-associated genes partially overlapped with genes that were differentially associated with ribosomes in CGG mice identified by bacTRAP ribosomal profiling. Taken together, our data strongly indicate a functional role for 5hmC-mediated epigenetic modulation in the etiology of FXTAS, possibly through the regulation of transcription.
Evaluation of the BioSys Optical Method for Rapidly Enumerating Populations of Aerobic Bacteria, Coliforms, and Escherichia coli from Broiler Chicken Carcasses

SUMMARY A study was conducted to determine if a rapid optical method could be used to enumerate total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli from broiler chicken carcasses. The BioSys optical method was compared with standard methods for enumerating bacteria. For chicken carcasses, the correlation coefficients for the regression lines comparing aerobic plate counts, coliform counts, and E. coli most probable numbers (MPN) to BioSys [1] optical method measurements were −0.92, −0.92, and −0.91, respectively. Results demonstrated that, using the BioSys method, data were obtained in 2 to 11 h, rather than the 48 h required to conduct aerobic plate counts (APC) or coliform counts or the 8 d required to conduct the MPN procedure. These methods would allow processors to test a product and obtain results prior to shipping the product, avoiding the cost and loss of reputation associated with a recall or food-borne illness outbreak. In addition, the histogram program provided with the BioSys System would allow easy detection of samples that exceed customer or U.S.D.A. specification limits.
An algorithmic approach to tracing closed loops in a power systems network

This paper proposes an approach to synthesize loops in a power systems network using graph theory techniques for the purpose of accommodating unscheduled flows (USFs), allocating power losses, and performing congestion analysis. The proposed algorithm utilizes no directional heuristics for edges using power flow results to detect loops in the transmission network graph. Each edge or transmission line is assumed to be bidirectional, and assigned to two loops, except in degenerate cases. The proposed algorithm utilizes a two-step iterative process with a second-order polynomial complexity. The results of using the algorithm are demonstrated on 3 standard IEEE test systems.
Extraction of a series of novel damage sensitive features derived from the continuous wavelet transform of input and output acceleration measurements

This paper proposes a series of novel Damage Sensitive Features for earthquake damage estimation. The features take into account input (ground motion) and output acceleration (structure response) measurements. The Continuous Wavelet Transform is applied to both acceleration signals in order to obtain both time domain and frequency domain resolution. An algorithm that has been proposed for Maximum Entropy Deconvolution is applied to the Continuous Wavelet Transforms in order to obtain a matrix that relates the output wavelet coefficients to the input ones. The Damage Sensitive Features are then derived through statistical processing of the resulting matrix. This algorithm has been applied on data acquired from shake table tests where the structures were subjected to progressive damage. The proposed features are compared to response quantities that are indicative of damage (such as the hysteretic energy dissipated) and show high correlation with the extent of damage. The data utilized has not been pre-processed, illustrating the robustness of the algorithm against sensor noise. The proposed algorithm has several advantages: Minimal input and knowledge of the structure is required. More information on the structure's state is extracted through use of both the input and output signals than when only output signal is considered. Only two acceleration measurements are required to obtain a damage forecast utilizing primarily the strong motion recordings, resulting in easier sensor deployment. The use of strong motion recordings allows for information delivery immediately after an earthquake without additional data collection.
Iron and Ascorbic Acid: Proposed Fortification Levels and Recommended Iron Compounds

An adequate supply of dietary iron during the 1st 24 mo of life is essential for preventing iron deficiency with its attendant negative effects on mental, motor and emotional development as well as later cognitive performance. Iron reserves and the small amount of highly bioavailable iron in human milk are adequate to satisfy the iron requirements of breast-fed infants of adequate birth weight for the 1st 6 mo of life. Thereafter, complementary foods, iron supplements or both are needed to meet this requirement. Complementary foods should not displace the consumption of human milk. The quantities eaten, particularly by younger infants, may therefore be quite small. As a consequence it is essential that the iron be supplied in a highly bioavailable form. This can be achieved by fortifying complementary foods with ferrous sulfate and ascorbic acid provided that the ascorbic acid is not lost during storage or meal preparation. Suggested fortification levels for ferrous sulfate and ascorbic acid for some types of complementary foods are given. The use of ferrous fumarate or an elemental iron powder instead of ferrous sulfate has not been evaluated adequately. There is a need to develop alternative strategies for improving iron bioavailability in complementary foods because it may not be possible to preserve ascorbic acid activity in many of them.
Tarp Filtering of Block-Transform Coefficients for Embedded Image Coding

Tarp filtering, an image coder with a simple implementation, is coupled with a block-based discrete cosine transform equipped with pre-and postfiltering. The prefilter reduces intra-block and inter-block correlation of the block-based coefficients, resulting in coefficients that are less correlated and thereby more suitable to tarp filtering. Experimental results show that the proposed coder achieves a significant improvement in rate-distortion performance as compared to the corresponding tarp coder in its original wave-let-based formulation for images with highly detailed content. A similar gain over JPEG2000 is seen for these same images, while, for images that are mostly smooth, the proposed coder performs comparably to JPEG2000.
A General Active-Learning Framework for On-Road Vehicle Recognition and Tracking

This paper introduces a general active-learning framework for robust on-road vehicle recognition and tracking. This framework takes a novel active-learning approach to building vehicle-recognition and tracking systems. A passively trained recognition system is built using conventional supervised learning. Using the query and archiving interface for active learning (QUAIL), the passively trained vehicle-recognition system is evaluated on an independent real-world data set, and informative samples are queried and archived to perform selective sampling. A second round of learning is then performed to build an active-learning-based vehicle recognizer. Particle filter tracking is integrated to build a complete multiple-vehicle tracking system. The active-learning-based vehicle-recognition and tracking (ALVeRT) system has been thoroughly evaluated on static images and roadway video data captured in a variety of traffic, illumination, and weather conditions. Experimental results show that this framework yields a robust efficient on-board vehicle recognition and tracking system with high precision, high recall, and good localization.
Shame Resilience Theory: A Grounded Theory Study on Women and Shame

Although shame is one of the most primitive and universal of human emotions, it is often still considered a taboo topic among researchers, practitioners, and clients. This paper presents the empirical foundation for shame resilience theory-a new theory for understanding shame and its impact on women. Using grounded theory methodology, 215 women were interviewed to determine why and how women experience shame and to identify the various processes and strategies women use to develop shame resilience. The article describes the major theoretical categories, including acknowledged vulnerability, critical awareness, and mutually empathic relationships, and introduces the concept of speaking shame. Practice implications are explored, including the importance of psychoeducational group work in building shame resilience.
Minimising bias in the forensic evaluation of suspicious paediatric injury

In the rules of evidence in all legal jurisdictions, medical experts are required to maintain objectivity when providing opinions. When interpreting medical evidence, doctors must recognise, acknowledge and manage uncertainties to ensure their evidence is reliable to legal decision-makers. Even in the forensic sciences such as DNA analysis, implicit bias has been shown to influence how results are interpreted from cognitive and contextual biases unconsciously operating. In cases involving allegations of child abuse there has been significant exposure in the media, popular magazines, legal journals and in the published medical literature debating the reliability of medical evidence given in these proceedings. In these cases judges have historically been critical of experts they perceived had sacrificed objectivity for advocacy by having an investment in a 'side'. This paper firstly discusses the issue of bias then describes types of cognitive biases identified from psychological research applied to forensic evidence including adversarial bias, context bias, confirmation bias and explains how terminology can influence the communication of opinion. It follows with previously published guidelines of how to reduce the risk of bias compromising objectivity in forensic practices then concludes with my own recommendations of practices that can be used by child protection paediatricians and within an organisation when conducting forensic evaluations of suspicious childhood injury to improve objectivity in formulation of opinion evidence.
Fracture-Dislocations Demonstrate Poorer Postoperative Functional Outcomes Among Pronation External Rotation IV Ankle Fractures.

Background:Pronation external rotation (PER) ankle fractures are relatively uncommon but serious ankle injuries. Although recent studies have demonstrated good outcomes of PER IV fractures after operative treatment, the effect of dislocation on functional outcomes has not yet been evaluated. The objective of this study was to compare short-term functional outcomes in PER IV ankle fractures with and without dislocation.Methods:Our database of ankle fractures surgically treated using an anatomic fixation approach by the senior author from 2003 to 2013 was reviewed. All PER IV ankle fracture patients older than 18 years with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up, including Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), were included for analysis. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, FAOS, ankle range of motion (ROM), and rate of postoperative complications were compared in PER IV fractures with and without dislocation. Of the 47 PER IV fractures included for analysis, 20 (43%) were fracture-dislocations and 27 ...
Ultrafast all-optical wavelength and polarization independent demultiplexer

Recent developments in all-optical switching devices based on the interferometric principle are very promising for optical communication systems, especially those based on optical time division multiplexing system (OTDM), where a user is allowed to transmit or receive a data in a assigned time slot within a given time frame. One such device based on a Sagnac interferometer is called a Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer (the TOAD). Another device based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a Symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ). Both devices utilize large optical nonlinearities in the resonance regime of the semiconductor, therefore it is possible to operate these devices with a very small optical control pulse energy. The currently demonstrated TOAD can be switched with 0.8 pJ, and the SMZ with 11 pJ. We still can reduce the control pulse energy by optimizing and employing other nonlinear optical materials. The most critical problem associated with a slow recovery time of the resonance nonlinearities has been solved by a special geometrical location of a nonlinear optical element in the Sagnac interferometer, and two control pulses to do independent on and off switching operation for the Mach-Zehnder. We demonstrated a 10 ps switching window by counter-propagating the control and data pulses in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer using 0.65 pJ of control pulse energy. This device is advantageous in its superior rejection capability of the control signal. In terms of the possibility of integration, this device is expected to be a much simpler design than the previously demonstrated systems. Also the utilized optical nonlinear elements are semiconductor optical amplifiers, the data signal can be larger than the input. This may facilitate cascadability and fan-out capability.
Development of a fully implantable wireless pressure monitoring system

A fully implantable wireless pressure sensor system was developed to monitor bladder pressures in vivo. The system comprises a small commercial pressure die connected via catheter to amplifying electronics, a microcontroller, wireless transmitter, battery, and a personal digital assistant (PDA) or computer to receive the wireless data. The sensor is fully implantable and transmits pressure data once every second with a pressure detection range of 1.5 psi gauge and a resolution of 0.02 psi. In vitro calibration measurements of the device showed a high degree of linearity and excellent temporal response. The implanted device performed continuously in vivo in several porcine studies lasting over 3 days. This system can be adapted for other pressure readings, as well as other vital sign measurements; it represents the first step in developing a ubiquitous sensing platform for telemedicine and remote patient monitoring.
The Avian Influenza Virus NS1 ESEV PDZ Binding Motif Associates with Dlg1 and Scribble To Disrupt Cellular Tight Junctions

The influenza A virus NS1 protein contains a conserved 4-amino-acid-residue PDZ-ligand binding motif (PBM) at the carboxyl terminus that can function as a virulence determinant by targeting cellular PDZ proteins. The NS1 proteins from avian and human viral isolates have consensus PBM sequences ESEV and RSKV, respectively. Currently circulating highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses contain the ESEV PBM which specifically associates with the PDZ proteins Scribble, Dlg1, MAGI-1, MAGI-2, and MAGI-3. In this study, we found NS1 proteins from viral isolates that contain the PBM sequence RSKV, KSEV, or EPEV are unable to associate with these PDZ proteins. Other results showed that the ESEV PBM mediates an indirect association with PDZ protein, Lin7C, via an interaction with Dlg1. Infection with a virus that expresses a NS1 protein with the ESEV PBM results in colocalization of NS1, Scribble, and Dlg1 within perinuclear puncta and mislocalization of plasma membrane-associated Lin7C to the cytoplasm. Infection of polarized MDCK cells with the ESEV virus additionally results in functional disruption of the tight junction (TJ) as measured by altered localization of TJ markers ZO-1 and Occludin, decreased transepithelial electrical resistance, and increased fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-inulin diffusion across the polarized cell monolayer. A similar effect on the TJ was observed in MDCK cells depleted for either Scribble or Dlg1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA). These findings indicate that ESEV PBM-mediated binding of NS1 to Scribble and Dlg1 functions to disrupt the cellular TJ and that this effect likely contributes to the severe disease associated with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A viruses.
Development of Symbolic Play in Visually Impaired Young Children

This study explores the nature of the development of symbolic play in visually impaired young children. The beginnings of representational play where examined in a group of 16 visually impaired chi...
Differential Activation of Nuclear Receptors by Perfluorinated Fatty Acid Analogs and Natural Fatty Acids: A Comparison of Human, Mouse, and Rat Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α, -β, and -γ, Liver X Receptor-β, and Retinoid X Receptor-α

Administration of ammonium salts of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) to rats results in peroxisome proliferation and benign liver tumors, events associated with activation of the nuclear receptor (NR) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha). Due to its fatty acid structure, PFOA may activate other NRs, such as PPARbeta, PPARgamma, liver X receptor (LXR), or retinoid X receptor (RXR). In this study, the activation of human, mouse, and rat PPARalpha, PPARbeta, PPARgamma, LXRbeta, and RXRalpha by PFOA (including its linear and branched isomers) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was investigated and compared to several structural classes of natural fatty acids and appropriate positive control ligands. An NR ligand-binding domain/Gal4 DNA-binding domain chimeric reporter system was used. Human, mouse, and rat PPARalpha were activated by PFOA isomers and PFOS. PPARbeta was less sensitive to the agents tested, with only PFOA affecting the mouse receptor. PFOA and PFOS also activated human, mouse, and rat PPARgamma, although the maximum induction of PPARgamma was much less than that seen with rosiglitazone, suggesting that PFOA and PFOS are partial agonists of this receptor. Neither LXRbeta nor the common heterodimerization partner RXRalpha was activated by PFOA in any species examined. Taken together, these data show that of the NRs studied, PPARalpha is the most likely target of PFOA and PFOS, although PPARgamma is also activated to some extent. Compared to naturally occurring long-chain fatty acids, e.g. linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, these perfluorinated fatty acid analogs were more selective and less potent in their activation of the NRs.
In God We Trust

This case focuses on fraud and various elements of accounting and fraud examination practices and is appropriate for use in an upper division auditing course. The case is based on a true story only the names have been changed.
Alleviating Boredom in Adult Males Recovering from Substance Use Disorder

Abstract Boredom has been linked to a relapse to using drugs and alcohol. Practice guidelines for occupational therapists to resolve the problem of boredom in males recovering from Substance Use Disorder are presented based on the optimal arousal, self-determination and social learning theories. Elements of the Experience Sampling Method are used to assess boredom. Intervention guidelines are proposed to foster adaptation to activities that are perceived to be devoid of stimulation, first by modifying the activities themselves, and secondly by teaching clients how to find fulfillment in everyday tasks.
Belief in Conspiracy Theories

A survey of 348 residents of southwestern New Jersey showed that most believed that several of a list of 10 conspiracy theories were at least probably true. People who believed in one conspiracy were more likely to also believe in others. Belief in conspiracies was correlated with anomia, lack of interpersonal trust, and insecurity about employment. Black and hispanic respondents were more likely to believe in conspiracy theories than were white respondents. Young people were slightly more likely to believe in conspiracy theories, but there were few significant correlations with gender, educational level, or occupational category.
On Convoluted Numbers and Sums

(1967). On Convoluted Numbers and Sums. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 235-246.
Exploration of maximum count rate capabilities for large-area photon counting arrays based on polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors

Pixelated photon counting detectors with energy discrimination capabilities are of increasing clinical interest for x-ray imaging. Such detectors, presently in clinical use for mammography and under development for breast tomosynthesis and spectral CT, usually employ in-pixel circuits based on crystalline silicon – a semiconductor material that is generally not well-suited for economic manufacture of large-area devices. One interesting alternative semiconductor is polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si), a thin-film technology capable of creating very large-area, monolithic devices. Similar to crystalline silicon, poly-Si allows implementation of the type of fast, complex, in-pixel circuitry required for photon counting – operating at processing speeds that are not possible with amorphous silicon (the material currently used for large-area, active matrix, flat-panel imagers). The pixel circuits of two-dimensional photon counting arrays are generally comprised of four stages: amplifier, comparator, clock generator and counter. The analog front-end (in particular, the amplifier) strongly influences performance and is therefore of interest to study. In this paper, the relationship between incident and output count rate of the analog front-end is explored under diagnostic imaging conditions for a promising poly-Si based design. The input to the amplifier is modeled in the time domain assuming a realistic input x-ray spectrum. Simulations of circuits based on poly-Si thin-film transistors are used to determine the resulting output count rate as a function of input count rate, energy discrimination threshold and operating conditions.
Implanting Boll Weevil Eggs in Cotton Squares for Systemic Insecticide and Host-Plant-Resistance Studies

Control of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, through host-plant resistance is receiving renewed research effort. Much of the effort is being directed toward a search for cotton stocks in which the major resistance factor is expressed as nonpreference for oviposition or feeding. Less attention is being directed toward antibiosis, particularly against the larva. Another control method receiving much research effort in recent years is the use of systemic insecticides. Most of the attention has been directed toward adult mortality as the criterion of systemic effectiveness. The greatest obstacle to research on the larval forms has been the extreme difficulty in obtaining uniform infestations and standardized conditions. Since most cotton stocks now are tested in the field, infestation levels are, unavoidably, dependent on the vagaries of weather and many other factors which contribute to fluctuations in weevil populations. Those conducting greenhouse studies experience difficulty in manipulating weevil populations to produce uniform larval infestations. Stephens (1957) discussed some of the difficulties facing the plant breeder in boll weevil resistance studies and commented on the lack of suitable inoculation techniques to overcome some of them.
Analysis of metal pollution in foods for infants and young children in Weifang city in 2013

Objective To investigate the metal pollution in foods for infants and young children in Weifang, and to promote the government to take effective strategies. Methods 60 samples of 3 categories were collected in 2013 in Weifang. The contents of lead, cadmium and aluminium were detected with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry,arsenic and mercury were detected with atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Results It was found that the qualification rate for cadmium was 90% in 20 cereal-based complementary foods for infants and young children; the qualification rate for aluminium in 20 canned complementary foods for infants and young children was 95%, and for arsenic was 90%; others were qualified. Conclusion Some of the foods for infants and young children sold in Weifang were unqualified, and national food safety standard was necessary to be improved. The government also should strengthen the supervision for infants and young children foods, too
Macroscopic Alignment of One-Dimensional Conjugated Polymer Nanocrystallites for High-Mobility Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Controlling the morphology of polymer semiconductors remains a fundamental challenge that hinders their widespread applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices and commercial feasibility. Although conjugated polymer nanowires (NWs) are envisioned to afford high charge-carrier mobility, the alignment of preformed conjugated polymer NWs has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate an extremely simple and effective strategy to generate well-aligned arrays of one-dimensional (1D) polymer semiconductors that exhibit remarkable enhancement in charge transport using a solution shear-coating technique. We show that solution shear coating of poly(alkylthiophene) NWs induces extension or coplanarization of the polymer backbone and highly aligned network films, which results in enhanced intra- and intermolecular ordering and reduced grain boundaries. Consequently, highly aligned poly(3-hexylthiophene) NWs exhibited over 33-fold enhancement in the average carrier mobility, with the highest mobility of 0.32 cm...
Reconstitution of carbon monoxide-binding particles after removal of heme by serum albumin.

The nature of cytochrome P-420 present in "CO-binding particles" was studied. This problem was approached by investigating the transferability of heme from CO-binding particles, containing only P-420, obtained through the treatment of microsomal fractions with steapsin, to human serum albumin. In addition, the reconstitution of cytochrome P-420 from "heme-depleted" protein derived from CO-binding particles was investigated. Tritiumlabeled cytochrome P-450 was prepared by treatment of rats with [3,5-3H]δ-aminolevulinic acid. The heme of cytochrome P-450 was not transferred to albumin. However, up to 83% of the heme present in CO-binding particles was transferred to albumin after 40 min of incubation. The resulting heme-albumin complex was identified as ferrihemalbumin (methemalbumin) by the criteria of millimolar extinction coefficient, CO difference spectrum, and fractionation profile. CO-binding particles, from which heme had been removed by albumin, could be reconstituted by treatment with methemalbumin. The resulting CO-binding particles showed millimolar extinction coefficients and CO difference spectra indistinguishable from control CO-binding particles. These results suggest that the cytochrome P-420 present in CO-binding particles could represent several complexes of heme and heme-binding sites of a protein, preferentially that of denatured apoprotein of cytochrome P-450, rather than one structural entity. Finally, in regard to the nature of heme-apoprotein interactions in CO-binding particles, it appears that, in comparison to cytochrome P-450, the hemeapoprotein interaction in these particles is modified so that the heme moiety is exposed to the surroundings. Thus, in CO-binding particles, proteins with high heme-binding affinity can readily remove the heme from its apoprotein.
Psychobiology of Personality: Psychoticism (Psychopathy), Impulsivity, Sensation and/or Novelty Seeking, Conscientiousness

The diverse array of traits in the title for this chapter reflects the disagreements among personality classifiers as to the nature of “personality in the third dimension.” The Eysencks proposed the label of “Psychoticism” for this higher order factor. Both Block (1977) and Zuckerman (1989) suggested that if a clinical term was appropriate for the scale called “Psychoticism” (P) (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1976), it should be “Psychopathy” (Antisocial Personality Disorder in the current psychiatric nomenclature). The subtraits of P described by Eysenck and Eysenck (1985) include: aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsive, antisocial , unempathic, creative, and tough-minded. With the possible exception of creativity, these are all traits of the psychopath rather than the psychotic, particularly if one includes the endogenous depressives among the psychotic. The highest scoring clinical groups among males and females are: prisoners, drug addicts, alcoholics, and personality disorders (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1976), all of which contain high proportions of antisocial personality disorders. Psychotics, among females at least, score low on the P scale relative to other clinical groups. The concept of a P dimension came from ratings of clinical groups that largely included psychotics and neurotics, but not psychopaths (S. B. G. Eysenck, 1956), and this may account for the conceptualization of the P dimension as psychoticism. Revisions of the P scale have tended to eliminate most of the psychotic sounding items except for a few with a mildly paranoid flavor. Psychopaths often voice the opinion that everyone is “against them.”
Epigenetic Changes Associated with Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Adipogenesis

Environmental contributions to the development of childhood obesity may include a suboptimal in utero environment, diabetes and/or obesity in pregnancy, and pre- and postnatal exposure to environmental chemicals, also known as obesogens. Epigenetic modifications may be one mechanism by which exposure to an altered intrauterine milieu or metabolic perturbation may influence the phenotype of the organism much later in life. Epigenetic modifications of the genome provide a mechanism that allows the stable propagation of gene expression from one generation of cells to the next. This chapter highlights our current knowledge of epigenetic gene regulation and the evidence that chromatin remodeling and histone modifications play key roles in adipogenesis and the development of obesity. Epigenetic modifications affecting processes important to glucose regulation and insulin secretion have been described in the pancreatic β-cells and muscle of the intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) offspring, characteristics essential to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Epigenetic regulation of gene expression contributes to both adipocyte determination and differentiation in in vitro models. The contributions of histone acetylation, histone methylation, and DNA methylation to the process of adipogenesis in vivo remain to be evaluated.
Mison: a fast JSON parser for data analytics

The growing popularity of the JSON format has fueled increased interest in loading and processing JSON data within analytical data processing systems. However, in many applications, JSON parsing dominates performance and cost. In this paper, we present a new JSON parser called Mison that is particularly tailored to this class of applications, by pushing down both projection and filter operators of analytical queries into the parser. To achieve these features, we propose to deviate from the traditional approach of building parsers using finite state machines (FSMs). Instead, we follow a two-level approach that enables the parser to jump directly to the correct position of a queried field without having to perform expensive tokenizing steps to find the field. At the upper level, Mison speculatively predicts the logical locations of queried fields based on previously seen patterns in a dataset. At the lower level, Mison builds structural indices on JSON data to map logical locations to physical locations. Unlike all existing FSM-based parsers, building structural indices converts control flow into data flow, thereby largely eliminating inherently unpredictable branches in the program and exploiting the parallelism available in modern processors. We experimentally evaluate Mison using representative real-world JSON datasets and the TPC-H benchmark, and show that Mison produces significant performance benefits over the best existing JSON parsers; in some cases, the performance improvement is over one order of magnitude.
Abstract WMP10: Validation of the Pittsburgh Response to Endovascular Therapy (PRE) Score in IMS3

Background: The Pittsburgh Response to Endovascular therapy (PRE) score incorporates patient’s age, initial NIHSS and pre-treatment CT ASPECTS to predict good outcome in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) patients. Further validation of this tool is needed before clinical applicability. Objective: To externally validate the PRE score in a randomized trial cohort of anterior circulation LVO patients. Methods: Patients in IMS3 who had LVO involving the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA), M1 or M2 middle cerebral artery (MCA) confirmed either by CT or conventional angiography and had a documented pre-randomization CT ASPECTS, baseline NIHSS and 3-month mRS were included. The PRE score was calculated as follows: Age (years)+ 2xNIHSS - 10xASPECTS. The predictive power of the PRE score for good outcome (3-month mRS 0-2) was compared to THRIVE, SPAN and HIAT-2 scores. Rate of achieving mRS 0-2 was compared across previously published PRE score risk categories. Results: 407 patients in IMS3 (Endovascular arm: 319 Control arm: 88) had ICA, M1 or M2 occlusions. The cohort had mean age of 66±12 years, median NIHSS 18 [IQR 14-21], median ASPECTS 8 [IQR 6-9] and 38.2% achieved good outcome (mRS 0-2). Age (p Conclusions: Our results confirm the validity of the PRE score as a prognostic tool in anterior circulation LVO stroke patients.
Principles of Radiation Protection

(1968). Principles of Radiation Protection. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 91-92.
Wide-bandgap Gallium Nitride p-channel MISFETs with enhanced performance at high temperature

Wide-bandgap materials, particularly Gallium Nitride, have emerged as the platform underlying many of the most promising technologies in the high-power and high-frequency domain. However, GaN p-channel devices lag far behind their popular n-channel counterparts, due to lower mobilities as well as difficulties in doping and forming ohmic contacts. There is a strong need for wide-bandgap p-channel FETs — this missing piece would enable energy-efficient, high-voltage CMOS electronics, a critical technique for on-chip power conditioning and management.
Understanding Cancer as an Evolving Complex System: Our Perspective

“Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place”, as the Queen told Alice in Lewis Carrol’s novel, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (1871). Evolutionary biologist Leigh Van Valen considered that this statement captured the essence of his proposal that inter-species interactions are a key driving force of evolution and named it the “Red Queen Hypothesis” in his 1973 publication (Valen 1973). Paterson and colleagues recently provided an elegant demonstration that microbial evolution follows this Hypothesis, by showing how the dynamic equilibrium between two co-existing populations, one bacterial and one viral parasite, is regained through rapid evolution by one party once the other is genetically given a new competitive edge (Paterson et al. 2010). They went further to propose inter-species interactions as a major driving force of evolution. This hypothesis has been used as a guiding principle when writing this monograph.
Atypical experiences of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are associated with higher hair cortisol concentrations as adults.

Experiences during early development are influential on the lives of human and non-human primates into adulthood. The population of captive chimpanzees in the USA can provide insight into this relationship, as collectively they have experienced a wide range of exposure to both conspecifics (those raised in natal groups) and humans (those raised as personal pets or performers). Our study investigated chimpanzee exposure to humans using a continuous measure of categorization, the chimpanzee–human interaction index, and the relationship between this experience and cortisol concentrations in adulthood. Historical records and hair samples were collected from 60 chimpanzees which were socially housed in 13 zoos and sanctuaries. We found that more human exposure throughout the life of a chimpanzee was associated with higher hair cortisol concentrations in adulthood. Sex was also a significant factor affecting cortisol concentration, with male chimpanzees having higher cortisol concentrations than female chimpanzees. These results build upon the extensive literature about aversive effects of atypical social histories for chimpanzees and emphasize to managers the importance of monitoring potential negative health consequences and social deficits these individuals may exhibit.
Big Data Analytics and Visualization: Finance

Big data Analytics and data science helps finance in combining business research expertise, scientific processes, quantitative analytics and system infrastructure to distill knowledge and insights from internal/external, structured/unstructured data.
Deep Learning for Understanding the Human

We will explore how deep learning approaches can be used for perceiving and interpreting the state and behavior of human beings in images, video, audio, and text data. The course will cover how convolutional, recurrent and generative neural networks can be used for applications of face recognition, eye tracking, cognitive load estimation, emotion recognition, natural language processing, voice-based interaction, and activity recognition. The course is open to beginners and is designed for those who are new to deep learning, but it can also benefit advanced researchers in the field looking for a practical overview of deep learning methods and their application.
T cell and peripheral blood parameters define progression of autoimmune disease in the IL-2Rα KO model

IL-2Rα is required to generate the high affinity receptor for IL-2, a cytokine important in immune proliferation, activation, and regulation. Mice deficient in IL-2Rα (IL-2Rα-KO) develop systemic autoimmune disease and die from severe anemia between 18-80 days of age. These mice develop kinetically differing autoimmune disease, with approximately a quarter dying by 21 days of age and half dying after 30 days. This research aims to define immune parameters that distinguish cohorts of mice that develop early- and late-stage autoimmune disease in the IL-2Rα-KO genetic background. To investigate these differences, we evaluated complete blood counts (CBC), antibody binding of RBCs, T cell numbers and activation, and hematopoietic progenitor changes, to assess the extent of peripheral autoimmune hemolytic anemia and bone marrow failure. Early onset disease correlated with anti-RBC antibodies and lower hematocrit on day 19. We also found that predicted late stage-disease IL-2Rα-KO mice have higher numbers of developing memory CD4 and CD8 T cells and reduced AIHA at early ages. The expansion of CD8 T cells seen in IL-2Rα-KO mice is driven by unimpaired IL-2 signaling which correlated with increased IL-2Rβ expression. Using a simple CBC count we were able to predict disease kinetics to explore mechanisms underlying early and late disease.
Relation Extraction with Relation Topics

This paper describes a novel approach to the semantic relation detection problem. Instead of relying only on the training instances for a new relation, we leverage the knowledge learned from previously trained relation detectors. Specifically, we detect a new semantic relation by projecting the new relation's training instances onto a lower dimension topic space constructed from existing relation detectors through a three step process. First, we construct a large relation repository of more than 7,000 relations from Wikipedia. Second, we construct a set of non-redundant relation topics defined at multiple scales from the relation repository to characterize the existing relations. Similar to the topics defined over words, each relation topic is an interpretable multinomial distribution over the existing relations. Third, we integrate the relation topics in a kernel function, and use it together with SVM to construct detectors for new relations. The experimental results on Wikipedia and ACE data have confirmed that background-knowledge-based topics generated from the Wikipedia relation repository can significantly improve the performance over the state-of-the-art relation detection approaches.
Ultrasound-Assisted Cervical Diskography and Intradiskal Procedures

The role of diagnostic cervical diskography in the evaluation of patients with neck pain and degenerative disk disease remains controversial [1]. However, provocative cervical diskography is performed in an effort to identify the origin of cervical pain and hence help directing appropriate intervention. Ultrasound will play a pivotal role in performing cervical diskography and percutaneous intradiskal cervical procedures as it will allow us to accurately visualize the various relevant nearby soft tissue structures and avoid their injury [2].