cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Width of the specular peak perpendicular to the principal plane for rough surfaces

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model developed by Torrance and Sparrow [J. Opt. Soc. Am.57, 1105–1114 (1967)] is used to describe the specular reflection of rough surfaces. We compare this model with the BRDF measurements of four manmade surfaces with different roughnesses. The model can be used to describe the basic features of the measured BRDFs. We found that the width of the specular peak perpendicular to the principal plane decreases strongly with an increasing illumination zenith angle in the data as well as in the model. A model analysis shows that the width is approximately proportional to the cosine of the illumination angle θi, and the deviations are determined by the roughness of the surface. This relationship is accompanied by an increase in reflectance in the specular direction in the principal plane that is 1/cos θi stronger than the increase for a perfectly smooth surface.
Non-Ketogenic, Low Carbohydrate Diet Predicts Lower Affective Distress, Higher Energy Levels and Decreased Fibromyalgia Symptoms in Middle-Aged Females with Fibromyalgia Syndrome as Compared to the Western Pattern Diet

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the association between a non-ketogenic, low-carbohydrate diet [NKLCD] and symptoms of fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS], mood and energy levels, and confus...
ASD-relevant Animal Models of the Foxp Family of Transcription Factors

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a multifaceted association between genes and the environment. Currently, in the majority of patients, the etiology of autism is not known and coupled with increasing prevalence rates, along with the high degree of heritability of autism, the development of animal models is crucial for studying and developing therapies for autism. A key characteristic of autism is marked abnormalities in the acquisition and use of language. Thus, to understand and ultimately treat autism is an especially difficult task because no animal produces language, as it is defined in humans. In this review, we will discuss the FOXP family of genes, which are a group of transcription factors that have been linked to both autism, as well as language in humans. Due to the association of language/communication and the Foxp family of transcription factors, animal models with targeted disruptions of Foxp functioning are powerful tools for understanding the developmental signaling pathways that may be vulnerable in autism.
Do NAEP Scales Yield Valid Criterion‐Referenced Interpretations?

What are some of the ways that the NAEP scales have been interpreted? Are such interpretations valid? What conditions are necessary before valid criterion-referenced interpretations can be made for the NAEP Proficiency Scales? Does the NAEP test development process meet these conditions?
Tuition Discounting and Socioeconomic Diversity at Larger Private Universities.

Tuition discounting is a tactic deployed by many private four-year institutions as a means for enhancing either tuition revenue or institutional image. This study examines associations between socioeconomic diversity and two aspects of institutional grants—freshman discount rate and freshman grant recipient discount rate—at the 30 largest private not-for-profit schools in the Midwest. Figures from a national database for two time periods, 1999–2001 and 2008–2011, were averaged. Socioeconomic diversity was defined as the percentage of freshmen who received a federal Pell grant. Comparisons of the two time periods revealed that 73.3% of the schools increased socioeconomic diversity, but overall the increase across the study population was small (2.4%). Concurrently, most schools became more selective; freshman acceptance rate declined at 82.1% of the schools and the overall decrease for the study population was 7.3%. In both periods, associations between the socioeconomic diversity and each of the predictor variables (freshman discount rate and freshman grant recipient discount rate) were negative. Overall, the findings indicate that when institutional grant funds were given to a higher proportion of the freshman class, the size of the individual grants and socioeconomic diversity declined.
The presence of linoleic acid in Escherichia coli cannot be confirmed.

Abstract Escherichia coli was recently reported to accumulate significant quantities of linoleic acid in stationary phase (H. Rabinowitch, D. D. Sklan, D. H. Chace, R. D. Stevens, and I. Fridovich, J. Bacteriol. 175:5324-5328, 1993). Since this finding would have considerable impact on the biochemical mechanisms of type II fatty acid synthases, we have attempted to confirm this observation. We found no evidence for the accumulation of linoleic acid in late-stationary-phase cultures of E. coli and conclude that the results of Rabinowitch et al. are artifactual.
A 6–11GHz multi-phase VCO design with active inductors

A multiphase VCO using differential active inductors is designed and fabricated in an IBM 0.13 um CMOS process. Using active inductors, the core VCO occupies 0.3times0.4 mm , and the central frequency can vary from 6 GHz to 11 GHz, exhibiting a 58% tunable frequency ranges. Exploiting current reuse, the phase noise is measured to be less than -95 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with the measured power consumption ranging from 12 to 31 mW in 6-11 GHz. A signal coupling technique with phase shifting is employed to generate eight phase signals. The achieved phase errors of this design are smaller than 3deg. In addition, bias compensation is shown to reduce the frequency variation under 10% while the temperature varies from -55degC to 125degC.
Specific binding of estrogen to nuclei from Japanese quail kidney cells.

The binding properties of estrogen to Japanese quail kidney cell nuclei were evaluated by 3H-17β-estradiol exchange. Kidney cell nuclei from estrogenized male, as well as laying female quail, had a single class of saturable (0.1-0.2 pmol/mg DNA), high affinity (Kd = 1-2 × 10−10M) nuclear binding sites for 17β-estradiol. High affinity estrogen binding sites were not found in kidney cell nuclei from untreated males. Various non-radioactive estrogens (17β-estradiol, estrone, estriol and diethylstilbestrol) competed effectively with 3H-17β-estradiol for the high affinity binding sites, whereas nonestrogens (testosterone and progesterone) did not compete. It is concluded that the 3H-estradiol binding characteristics of kidney cell nuclei provides strong evidence for a nuclear estrogen receptor in the avian kidney.
Abstract P121: Comparative Effectiveness Study of the Diabetes Prevention Program in Families: Preliminary Results

The prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) is increasing substantially and currently affects up to 14% of pregnancies. As many as 70% of women with GDM will develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the next 10 years. Moreover as many as 40% of children exposed to in-utero diabetes will develop obesity and T2D. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is an evidence-based lifestyle intervention that has been shown to lower T2D risk by 58% in high-risk adults. Family based lifestyle interventions that target either children, parents or both have reported mixed results. We modified the DPP curriculum to use with families (DPPF) and recruited mothers with a history of GDM and their children 8-15 years old. We randomized n=130 families to test which method of delivering the DPPF (mothers only (M) or mothers and their children (M+C)) is more effective at lowering families T2D risk. Baseline characteristics of women were similar among each intervention group (n=65 M and n=65 M+C, respectively): age (38±8 vs 39±11, P=0.5), ethnicity (Black 55% vs 55%, White 20% vs 17%, Latino 20% vs 27%, other 5% vs 2%, P=0.6), body mass index (BMI, 37±8 vs 38±7, P=0.24), systolic blood pressure (SBP, 121±11 vs 122±13, P=0.8), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, 103±26 vs 105±21, P=0.6), HbA1c (5.6±0.4 vs 5.7±0.3, p=0.2). The majority of women self-reported low levels of physical activity (PA): moderate PA (2 days or less per week, 42% vs 26%, P=0.06) or vigorous PA (2 days or less per week, 38% vs 25%, P=0.1), and high levels of sedentary activities (3 or more hours per day, 49% vs 58%, P=0.2). For diet related obesogenic behaviors women self-reported high levels of eating meals while watching TV (3 days or more per week, 58% vs 74%, P=.06) and eating at restaurants (3 days or more per week, 28% vs 41%, P=0.1). Follow-up is ongoing and currently n=32 families have completed the 3-month follow-up. Preliminary analyses of mothers show decreases in HbA1c (-.01±.3 vs -.1±.2), SBP (-9.7±30 vs -3.1±8), DBP (-8±19 vs -1±9) but not BMI (0.07±1.6 vs 0.04±1.2); however results were not significantly different by intervention group.
Cloning of mesangial cell Na+/Ca2+exchangers from Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive/resistant rats

The Dahl/Rapp rat model of hypertension is characterized by a marked increase in blood pressure and a progressive fall in glomerular filtration rate when salt-sensitive (S) rats are placed on an 8%...
Low-Rank Methods for Parallelizing Dynamic Programming Algorithms

This article proposes efficient parallel methods for an important class of dynamic programming problems that includes Viterbi, Needleman-Wunsch, Smith-Waterman, and Longest Common Subsequence. In dynamic programming, the subproblems that do not depend on each other, and thus can be computed in parallel, form stages or wavefronts. The methods presented in this article provide additional parallelism allowing multiple stages to be computed in parallel despite dependencies among them. The correctness and the performance of the algorithm relies on rank convergence properties of matrix multiplication in the tropical semiring, formed with plus as the multiplicative operation and max as the additive operation.This article demonstrates the efficiency of the parallel algorithm by showing significant speedups on a variety of important dynamic programming problems. In particular, the parallel Viterbi decoder is up to 24× faster (with 64 processors) than a highly optimized commercial baseline.
Thermopower and 1/f Noise Measurements in Amorphous Silicon-Carbon Alloys

Thermopower, conductivity and 1/f noise measurements have been performed on a series of n-type doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon films that are prepared with varying gas phase concentrations of CH4. The increased disorder at the mobility edge associated with alloying is characterized by the Q-function, which is obtained by combining thermopower and conductivity measurements, and is also reflected in the noise power spectra and noise statistics.
Concentration of Estrogenic Hormones in Blood Serum and Blood Cells.

SummaryThe blood serum and blood cells of a group of 20 non-pregnant women were examined for their estrogenic hormone content by the intravaginal application of pellets made from desiccated material. The blood cells were found to contain two or more times as many rat units per unit volume as the blood serum.
Testing Results of School Cafeteria Tableware in Ningde City,2007-2011

Objective To understand the sterilization quality of tableware in school cafeteria,in order to ensure the health of students and provide basis for safety management of group meal.Methods Random samples of school tableware which were provided for students to use were selected.As for testing method,rapid-testing papers were used to detect coliform group,according to the Ministry of Health's " Hygiene standard for disinfection ofdinner and drinking set ".Results From 2007 to 2011,altogether 1421 tableware sets were spot-chekced.The total passing rate was 78.40%,which showed that annual passing rate is rising.No significant difference was identified among different types of tableware sets.Conclusion Strengthening education of tableware disinfection supervision,increasing consciousness and cultivation of disinfection norms of operation habits are the major factors to improve the health quality of the of tableware.
Diagnostic strategies for amenorrhea

The diagnosis of amenorrhea may be perplexing because of the sheer number of possible causes and the complexity of the structures involved (ie, the CNS-pituitary-ovarian axis). By using the same approach with all amenorrheic patients, rather than classifying them according to primary and secondary amenorrhea, physicians can narrow the diagnostic possibilities quickly and avoid unnecessary and expensive laboratory testing. Referral to a gynecologist or an endocrine specialist is recommended when the workup becomes overly complex.
High pressure crystallization of binary fat blend: A feasibility study

Abstract Crystallization mechanism of triglycerides plays an important role in structuring of the plastic fats, such as margarine and shortening. The effects of cooling under high pressure on crystallization and functional properties of a mixture of fully hydrogenated soybean oil and soybean oil (3:7 mass ratio) at 30 °C were investigated and compared against samples crystallized under atmospheric condition. Experiments were conducted using a face-centered central composite design. It is shown that pressure level, initial temperature, and maximum temperature under pressure affect sample's storage modulus, yield stress and percent oil loss. Holding time and pressure pulsing did not significantly influence the properties. Inverse relationships between the mechanical properties and percent oil loss were observed. Presence of crystal seeds in the sample prior to pressurization yielded lipid crystals with different polymorphic properties than those directly crystallized from the melt. Industrial relevance The study demonstrates that high pressure processing can improve plasticity and physical properties of fat blends with low saturated fat content. High pressure crystallization is proven to offer better crystallization properties with lower supercooling condition and prevent the need for long hour incubation.
The Role of Genetic Engineering in Natural Product-Based Anticancer Drug Discovery

Genetic engineering is the process of altering, in a premeditated fashion, the genetic makeup of an organism and has started to play an increasing role in the production and development of clinically significant antitumor compounds. Genes can be introduced into the microbial producer of medicinally relevant secondary metabolites or inactivated to achieve changes in the metabolic profile. The pharmaceutical use of natural products with anticancer activity is most often limited by factors such as low production titers or poor solubility. Genetic engineering has provided an alternative to circumvent such difficulties by affording recombinant strains capable of high titers, as well as, recombinant strains able to produce novel analogs with characteristics superior to those of the parent natural product. This chapter highlights recent genetic engineering advances that have been successfully applied to the development of natural product and natural product-based anticancer agents. Titer improvement and combinatorial biosynthesis in actinomycetes to produce new compounds will be discussed in detail.
Piezophototronic Effect Enhanced UV/Visible Photodetector Based on ZnO/ZnSe Heterostructure Core/Shell Nanowire Array and Its Self‐Powered Performance

To advance the photodetection capabilities of type II core/shell nanowire-based photodetectors, ZnSe has been employed to coat on ZnO nanowire array creating a type-II heterojunction core/shell nanowire array with additional lower indirect band gap (≈1.84 eV), via a facile two-step process of chemical vapor deposition and pulse laser ablation. The integrated photodetector based on the ZnO/ZnSe core/shell structure is capable of detecting the entire range of the visible spectrum, from blue to red excitation source, as well as UV light. The absolute sensitivity and the percentage change in responsivity of the photodetector are enhanced by one and three orders of magnitude, respectively. The whole range visible light photodetection and enhanced photocurrent response are attributed to the unique ZnO/ZnSe energy band realignment and the piezophototronic effect. Moreover, the photodetector exhibits self-powered photodetection behavior under UV/visible light illumination. This study grants a potential application using ZnO/ZnSe type II heterostructure core/shell nanowire array for broad band UV/visible photodetection in both powered and self-powered circumstances.
Molecular Testing for Glioblastoma

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor (WHO grade IV) with an overall survival following diagnosis of 1–2 years. GBM makes up approximately 12–15% of all intracranial tumors and the great majority (60–75%) of astrocytic tumors. Given the dismal prognosis for this malignancy, there has been an emphasis on characterizing the molecular alterations in these tumors for both prognosis and therapy. GBM development occurs due to alterations in several distinct pathways involving a combination of overexpression of growth factors and loss of apoptosis activators. Historically, GBM has been divided into two groups: primary and secondary GBM, depending primarily on age of onset and if the tumor evolved from a lower grade glioma. With the explosion of molecular testing, particularly The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GBM is now considered a collection of up to six distinct entities, that vary by global methylation pattern, chromosomal changes, and the presence or absence of groups of genetic mutations. This wealth of data has raised the possibility of better and more accurate characterization of this tumor for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes.
Glycation & the RAGE axis: targeting signal transduction through DIAPH1.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The consequences of chronic disease are vast and unremitting; hence, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms mediating such disorders holds promise to identify therapeutics and diminish the consequences. The ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) accumulate in chronic diseases, particularly those characterized by inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Although first discovered and reported as a receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the expansion of the repertoire of RAGE ligands implicates the receptor in diverse milieus, such as autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegeneration.Areas covered: This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the ligand families of RAGE and data from human subjects and animal models on the role of the RAGE axis in chronic diseases. The recent discovery that the cytoplasmic domain of RAGE binds to the formin homology 1 (FH1) domain, DIAPH1, and that this interaction is essential f...
Disruptive selection on plumage coloration across genetically determined morphs

Sexual selection can drive the evolution of conspicuous visual signals that advertise individual quality to prospective mates. Reproductive strategy can influence the balance between selective pressures and whether sexually selected signals evolve. Alternatively, visual signals can serve other functions, including predator deterrence, species recognition and differentiating genetically determined morphs. In the dimorphic white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis, we explored how selection on conspicuous coloration changes with reproductive strategy, and whether visual signals of morph identity are discrete from sexually selected signals of individual quality. In this species, white morph birds have more colourful plumage than tan morph birds, and white males are more promiscuous and aggressive than tan counterparts. White females are also more aggressive than tan females. White males with more contrasting coloration achieved higher lifetime fitness, whereas the opposite relationship occurred among tan males. Linear selection gradients indicated strong, positive selection on plumage contrast in white males, but negative selection on contrast in tan males. For both morphs, relationships between female coloration and fitness were weak. Results demonstrate disruptive selection on a visual signalling trait in a colour-polymorphic species and suggest that signals associated with an aggressive morph can also evolve to indicate individual quality within that morph.
CRUSTAL HEAT FLOW: A GUIDE TO MEASUREMENT AND MODELING.G.R. Beardsmore and J.P. Cull. Cambridge University Press, 2001, 324 p. $100.00 hardback ($37.95 paperback).

Crustal Heat Flow (2001, Cambridge University Press) is an engaging volume, an inexpensive introduction to geothermal techniques and applications. This text was intended by the authors to be “a handbook for geologists and geophysicists who manipulate thermal data, particularly for petroleum exploration.” It is also considered by the authors to be a text that would form the basis of a course on these topics. The book provides important information in a format accessible to specialists and lay-scientists interested in thermal methods, but suffers from some inconsistent handling of basic concepts. The book is divided into three primary sections: the Thermal State of the Earth, Measurement Techniques, and Modelling Techniques. The first section includes background information on the origin and thermal evolution of our planet, units and fundamental theory, and mechanisms by which heat is created and transported. The second section describes methods for measuring thermal gradients, thermal properties, and paleo-thermal indicators (thermal maturity). The third section of the book describes calculation of heat flow from field and lab measurements, common corrections, correlations between heat flow and other geological parameters, models for lithospheric creation and evolution, numerical methods, and sedimentary basins. Is there a need for a book like this? …
Emerging from the database shadows: characterizing undocumented immigrants in a large cohort of HIV-infected persons.

ABSTRACTLittle is known about how HIV affects undocumented immigrants despite social and structural factors that may place them at risk of poor HIV outcomes. Our understanding of the clinical epidemiology of HIV-infected undocumented immigrants is limited by the challenges of determining undocumented immigration status in large data sets. We developed an algorithm to predict undocumented status using social security number (SSN) and insurance data. We retrospectively applied this algorithm to a cohort of HIV-infected adults receiving care at a large urban healthcare system who attended at least one HIV-related outpatient visit from 1997 to 2013, classifying patients as “screened undocumented” or “documented”. We then reviewed the medical records of screened undocumented patients, classifying those whose records contained evidence of undocumented status as “undocumented per medical chart” (charted undocumented). Bivariate measures of association were used to identify demographic and clinical characteristic...
Without Empowered Patients, Caregivers and Providers, a Community-Based Dementia Care Strategy Will Remain Just That

In trying to cope with the needs of the growing number of people living with dementia (PLWD), jurisdictions around the world have been implementing a variety of strategies, policies and programs to enable better access to the supports they and those who care for them require. Despite considerable efforts that have been undertaken, PLWD and their caregivers still face considerable challenges in pursuing care pathways and community-based supports that can help them avoid premature institutionalization. Morton-Chang et al. (2016) have comprehensively reviewed jurisdictional approaches towards the development of dementia strategies, policies and programs; there is a growing understanding and consensus around the things we need to do as societies to better meet the needs of PLWD and their caregivers; however, progress to date could be best characterized as top-down, patchy and fragmented. This paper builds on Morton-Chang et al.'s (2016) assertion that the development of a comprehensive person and caregiver-centred community-based dementia strategy in Ontario and other parts of Canada is likely achievable, particularly if implemented using a "ground-up" approach that is well-aligned with other government-related initiatives.
Prevalence of cerebral cavernous malformations associated with developmental venous anomalies increases with age

To test the hypothesis that the prevalence of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) associated with developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) increases with age, we studied the age-related prevalence of DVA-associated CCM among patients with DVAs. Patients with DVAs on contrast-enhanced MRI exams performed over a 2-year period were included in this study. A single neuroradiologist reviewed all imaging exams for the presence of CCMs. Baseline demographic data collected included age, gender, presence of CNS neoplasm, history of cranial radiation, and history of seizure. Patients were divided into age groups based on decade of life. Cochran-Armitage trend tests were performed to determine if increasing age was associated with CCM prevalence. A total of 1689 patients with DVAs identified on contrast-enhanced MRI were included. Of these patients, 116 (6.9%) had a cavernous malformation associated with the DVA. There was a significant positive association between age and the prevalence of DVA-associated CCM (P = 0.002). The prevalence of DVA-associated CCM was 0.8% for the 0–10 age group, 1.6% for the 11–20 age group, 7.5% for the 21–30 age group, 9.5% for the 31–40 age group, 6.1% for the 41–50 age group, 6.3% for the 51–60 age group, 7.4% for the 61–70 age group, and 11.6% for the >70 age group (P < .0001). Our study demonstrated an age-related increase in prevalence of DVA-associated cavernous malformations among patients with DVAs. These findings suggest that DVA-associated cavernous malformations are acquired lesions.
Human-specific genomic features of pluripotency regulatory networks link NANOG with fetal and adult brain development

Genome-wide proximity placement analysis of diverse families of human-specific genomic regulatory loci (HSGRL) identified topologically-associating domains (TADs) that are significantly enriched for HSGRL and termed rapidly-evolving in humans TADs (revTADs; Genome Biol Evol. 2016 8; 2774-88). Here, human-specific genomic features of pluripotency regulatory networks in hESC have been analyzed. The primary focus was on identification of human-specific elements of the interphase chromatin architecture of TADs responsible for transcriptional regulatory control of the NANOG, POU5F1, and POU3F2 genes. Comparative analyses of the four adjacent TADs spanning ~3.3 Mb NANOG locus-associated genomic region were carried-out to highlight primate-specific genomic features. Lastly, the putative mechanisms of the genome-wide regulatory effects of human-specific NANOG-binding sites (HSNBS) on expression of genes implicated in the fetal and adult brain development have been examined. Acquisition of primate-specific regulatory loci appears to rewire TADs exerting transcriptional control on pluripotency regulators, revealing a genomic placement pattern consistent with the enhanced regulatory impact of NANOG in primates. Proximity placement analysis of HSNBS identified a large expression signature in the human fetal neocortex temporal lobe comprising 4,957 genes, which appear to retain acquired in the embryo expression changes for many years of human brain development and maintain highly concordant expression profiles in the neocortex and prefrontal cortex regions of adult human brain. Collectively, reported herein observations indicate that genomic elements of pluripotency regulatory circuitry associated with HSNBS, specifically proteins of the classical NurD chromatin remodeling complex, contribute to transcriptional regulation of a large set of genes implicated in development and function of human brain.
Mechanisms of Cardiac Hypertrophy

Abstract The heart grows throughout childhood and adolescence. Beyond normal heart growth, a multitude of diseases and conditions are associated with additional heart growth, called cardiac hypertrophy. Known causes involve metabolic, hemodynamic, and physiologic mechanisms. Infants of diabetic mothers may develop asymmetric ventricular septal hypertrophy secondary to hyperinsulinism and elevated insulin-like growth factor 1. Pulmonary artery banding induces ventricular hypertrophy by increasing afterload. Endurance-type training can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy called athlete's heart. The potential for reversibility is what sets these conditions apart from pathologic cardiomyopathies.
Motion Verb Comprehension in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease (P07.069)

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the basis for impaired verb comprehension in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson9s disease (PD). BACKGROUND: ALS patients are significantly more impaired with words involving actions than objects, and this impairment pattern correlates with motor association cortex atrophy (Grossman et al, 2008). Parkinson9s Disease (PD) patients also may have significant difficulty naming actions compared to objects (Rodriguez-Ferreiro et al, 2009) and poorer ability naming pictures with high motor content than low motor content (Herrera et al, 2012), although others relate this to their limited executive resources (Grossman et al, 1994). DESIGN/METHODS: ALS patients (n=23), PD patients (n=20) and elderly controls (ELD, n=13) completed a computerized two-alternative forced-choice lexical comprehension task. The task included 60 noun triads (30 concrete and 30 abstract) and 60 verb triads (30 cognitive and 30 motion). Stimuli were matched for imagability, familiarity, age of acquisition, and frequency. RESULTS: ALS patients perform significantly worse than ELD on motion verbs (t=-2.08, p CONCLUSIONS: The selective deficit of ALS patients for motion verbs is consistent with the idea that action features of words are degraded in ALS due to motor association cortex disease. The absence of a verb deficit in PD suggests that representations of action knowledge are preserved in these patients, and is more consistent with prior work suggesting that language deficits in PD are due to executive resource limitations. Supported by: NIH grants: AG032953, NS053488. Disclosure: Dr. York has nothing to disclose. Dr. Camp has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weinberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grossman has nothing to disclose.
Self-care among older people living with chronic conditions.

Purpose The aim of this study was to clarify the concept of self-care among older people living with chronic health conditions. This concept clarification will assist nurses in addressing self-care among older people through research, policy and practice in offering an expanded conceptual model. Background Several policy influences over the past decade directly relate to the increased importance and economic necessity to require self-directed care for older people living with chronic health conditions to maintain their care at home in the community. Method A selective review of literature on the concept of self-care included 31 sources. The Norris Concept Clarification method (1982) was used for clarification. The phenomenon is described historically according to its antecedents, attributes and consequences. Results A proposed definition is provided based on the clarification of this concept. A conceptual model is presented through an ecological framework. Self-care among older people living with chronic conditions is multidimensional and has multilevel influences (individual, community, system levels) and is mediated by the contexts and processes of ageing. Self-care originates along one's life course and is learned. Self-care responses are based on care needs when living with chronic health conditions. Conclusion Self-care is an individual capacity, disposition and activity older people manifest in living with multiple chronic conditions. These features (capacity, disposition, action) influence one another and are hierarchical and continuous. Research, practice and policies that promote self-care among older people can focus on these features to improve health outcomes and promote new models of care consistent with personal development and chronic care needs in older age. Implications for practice This concept clarification can offer a model to support self-care among older people living with chronic conditions.
Hot Electrons in Semiconductors and Metals

Femtosecond studies have been performed to investigate the scattering and energy relaxation of hot electrons in thin film semiconductors and metals. In both cases nonequilibrium carrier distributions are observed to remain for several picoseconds following ultrashort optical pulse excitation. In metals, during this nonequilibrium period, ultrafast transport has been measured directly.
Experience in the Shriners Burns Institute in Cincinnati

Twenty-six patients with either 40% full-thickness burns, or those with Lesser burns and a progressive weight loss, were selected for intravenous nutritional supplementation. Their burns were treated by the exposure method, with topical antibiotics consisting of Sulfamylon, silver sulfadiazine or gentamicin. Eschar was debrided as it separated, and wounds were covered with porcine heterograft Early autografting and closure of the burn wound was accomplished as soon as the wound was ready.
Parameter Identification in Systemic Models

The purpose of this chapter is to address some general issues underlying the empirical estimation of the model developed in the previous chapter. The systemic structure of the model is founded on an “accounting-type” structural consistency that requires delineation of all household classes and submarkets. Several general empirical problems associated with disaggregated systemic models are discussed in the first section of this chapter. A general multistage estimation procedure is outlined in the second section. By invoking certain structural properties of the model, the estimation procedure allows one to retain the systemic structure of the model from an econometric perspective even though the system may be incompletely specified from an accounting perspective. The third section summarizes the chapter.
Multiple System Atrophy Presenting as Motor Neuron Disease (P6.069)

Objective: To study MSA patients initially diagnosed with motor neuron disease and determine whether this influences the diagnosis and course of MSA. Background: The presence of upper and lower motor neuron signs in multiple system atrophy (MSA) has been noted since Shy and Drager highlighted spasticity and fasciculations in their early description; however, the presence of motor neuron disease may lead to misdiagnosis of MSA. Design/Methods: All patients diagnosed with MSA at Mayo Clinic, Rochester with autonomic function testing between 1998 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients presenting with an initial referring diagnosis of motor neuron disease were compared to those with other initial diagnoses. Results: From 685 MSA patients, 8 were initially diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primary lateral sclerosis, or as motor neuron disease. Six of the patients were ultimately diagnosed with MSA-parkinsonism, 2 with MSA-cerebellar ataxia. Autopsy was performed in 2 patients, confirming MSA. Onset of symptoms was motor in 6 patients including leg weakness, falls, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Seven patients had an EMG; 2 demonstrated fibrillation and/or fasciculation potentials while 1 had cramp discharges. The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis for those initially diagnosed with motor neuron disease was 2.97 years compared to 4.148 years in all MSA patients ( p = 0.0765). In patients with an initial motor neuron disease diagnosis, those with EMG findings had a mean time to MSA diagnosis of 4.11 years compared to 2.28 with normal EMGs ( p = 0.0773). Overall survival for patients with an initial diagnosis of motor neuron disease was 4.67 years compared 7.61 years in all other MSA patients ( p = 0.0101). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that MSA patients may initially present with subtle findings of motor neuron disease. Overall, the few patients presenting with an initial diagnosis of motor neuron disease had shorter survival. Disclosure: Dr. Jones has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nelson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bower has nothing to disclose. Dr. Matsumoto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sandroni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Benarroch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Suarez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Low has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Coon has nothing to disclose.
Adapting to Climate Change: Research and Development Priorities

Ever increasing demand for food and the basic necessities, driven by high demographic pressure and rapid economic development, necessitate strengthening the scientific knowledge of underpinning processes and creating the data bank for development of decision support system which policy makers can use to address urgent issues. The goal is to identify and implement strategies of natural resources management which adapt to the climate change with specific references to alterations in precipitation, temperature, risks of soil degradation, quality and quantity of water resources, and increase incidence of pests and pathogens. The adaptive management is crucial to addressing the complex issues of climate change, environmental degradation, and food security. Other researchable topics include: (i) the fate of carbon transported by erosional processes, (ii) coupled ocean and ­climate studies, (iii) glacier dynamics in the Himalayas, (iv) monsoon science, and (v) drought management. There is a need for immediate action through a coordinated program implemented on a regional basis. Funding for long-term multi-­disciplinary research must come from regional sources. Global environmental solutions require global funding for conducting solution-oriented research.
Breakout from the hot CNO cycle: The 18 F ( p , γ ) vs 18 F ( p , α ) branching ratio

We have studied the properties of low-lying ${}^{18}\mathrm{F}+p$ resonances as excited states in ${}^{19}\mathrm{Ne}.$ Three new levels have been found in the range $0l~{E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}l~1 \mathrm{MeV}$ just above the ${}^{18}\mathrm{F}+p$ threshold, and partial decay widths and isospin-mirror connections are suggested to known states in ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}$ for each of the nine states in this energy range. The properties of these resonances have been used to calculate the reaction rate ${N}_{A}〈\ensuremath{\sigma}v〉$ for the ${}^{18}\mathrm{F}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma}{)}^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ and ${}^{18}\mathrm{F}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha}{)}^{15}\mathrm{O}$ reactions in the temperature range ${10}^{8}lTl{10}^{9}.$ A comparison of these rates indicates that in this temperature range, the ${}^{14}\mathrm{O}(\ensuremath{\alpha}{,p)}^{17}\mathrm{F}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma}{)}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}{(e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}{)}^{18}\mathrm{F}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma}{)}^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction sequence is not as fast as the ${}^{15}\mathrm{O}(\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\gamma}{)}^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction.
Model Selection in Harmonic Non-Linear Regression

In this paper we are concerned with the twin problems of fitting a harmonic model to a time series, and then using information criteria to determine how many harmonic components to include in the series. Let Y(t), t = 0, ±1, ±2,… be a time series. A harmonic model has the form $$ Y(t) = {\alpha_0} + \sum\limits_{{j = 1}}^k {{\alpha_j}\;\cos \left( {2\pi {f_j}t} \right) + {\beta_j}\;\sin \left( {2\pi {f_j}t} \right) + \varepsilon (t)} $$ (7.1) where the errors ɛ(t) are assumed here to be iid N(0, σ2). Harmonic models are appropriate for time series with some periodicity built in, such as tidal data, temperature data, etc.
Teach Students, Empower Patients, Act Collaboratively and Meet Health Goals: An Early Interprofessional Clinical Experience in Transformed Care

Purpose Transformation of care teaching is often didactic and conceptual instead of practical and operational. Clinical environments, slow to transform, limit student exposure to key experiences that characterize transformed care. We describe the design and implementation of TEAM Clinic (Teach students, Empower patients, Act collaboratively, Meet health goals) - an early clinical learning experience to address this gap. Methods The TEAM Clinic curriculum was based on a review of existing curricula and best practice recommendations for the transformation of care. Three key elements were selected as the focus for a low-volume, high-service clinic: patient centeredness, interprofessional collaboration and team-based care. Learners and medically and socially complex patients were recruited for voluntary participation and completed anonymous surveys about the experience during and afterward. Results Nine first-year medical students, two first-year social work students and one pharmacy resident were integrated into the interprofessional team. Students were assigned roles adapted to their level and skill set; deliberate interprofessional pairing was assigned to broaden perspectives on scope and role of team members. Upon completion of this two-semester experience, 11 of the 12 learners returned surveys; all rated the experience as positive (strongly agree or agree) on the Authentic Clinical Interprofessional Experience - Evaluation of Interprofessional Site tool. Patient surveys indicated satisfaction with multiple aspects of the visit. Conclusion TEAM Clinic provided a practical example of transformation of care teaching in a not-yet-transformed environment. Logistical barriers included space, schedule and staffing. Facilitators included alignment with the goals of core curricula and faculty. Limitations included that this description of these curricula and this pilot come early in our longitudinal development of TEAM Clinic, constraining our ability to measure behavioral changes around interprofessional education, teamwork or patient centeredness. Next steps would examine the trajectory to these outcomes in the preclinical student group.
Chestnuts bred for blight resistance depart nursery with distinct fungal rhizobiomes

Restoration of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is underway using backcross breeding that confers chestnut blight disease resistance from Asian chestnuts (most often Castanea mollissima) to the susceptible host. Successful restoration will depend on blight resistance and performance of hybrid seedlings, which can be impacted by below-ground fungal communities. We compared fungal communities in roots and rhizospheres (rhizobiomes) of nursery-grown, 1-year-old chestnut seedlings from different genetic families of American chestnut, Chinese chestnut, and hybrids from backcross breeding generations as well as those present in the nursery soil. We specifically focused on the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi that may facilitate host performance in the nursery and aid in seedling establishment after outplanting. Seedling rhizobiomes and nursery soil communities were distinct and seedlings recruited heterogeneous communities from shared nursery soil. The rhizobiomes included EcM fungi as well as endophytes, putative pathogens, and likely saprobes, but their relative proportions varied widely within and among the chestnut families. Notably, hybrid seedlings that hosted few EcM fungi hosted a large proportion of potential pathogens and endophytes, with possible consequences in outplanting success. Our data show that chestnut seedlings recruit divergent rhizobiomes and depart nurseries with communities that may facilitate or compromise the seedling performance in the field.
Historicizing Embedded Autonomy: The Rise and Fall of a Local Developmental State in Dongguan, China, 1978–2015

The theory of “embedded autonomy” suggests that a developmental state needs to maintain a balance between autonomy and embeddedness to succeed. This paper argues that such a balance is not stable but contingent on an alignment of local, national, and global factors. With the local developmental state of Dongguan, China, as an example, we see how the global economy9s search of low-cost labor and the national government9s encouragement of decentralized local growth since the 1980s created a successful, autonomous local state that was benignly embedded in a network of foreign investors and local residents. This balance brought about more than two decades of phenomenal economic growth. However, starting in 2006 both the central and provincial governments shifted their priority from economic growth to industrial upgrading. The central government also adopted a new bureaucratic rotation rule to prevent long tenure of local officials at the same locality. In these new circumstances, Dongguan found itself trapped in the short-sighted vested interests of traditional foreign investors and rentier local residents. The result was stagnation in both economic growth and industrial upgrading. The paper suggests that the reproduction of embedded autonomy cannot be taken for granted, and that embeddedness of the state at one stage of development can become a hindrance to its autonomy at another stage.
Effect of serum-free co-culture and synchrony of recipients on development of cultured sheep embryos to fetuses.

The percentage of sheep embryos that continued to develop after collection and immediate transfer on d 2 after estrus was similar when phosphate-buffered saline with 10% fetal calf serum (PBSFCS, 45%), physiological saline (50%), or tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (M199FCS, 47%) was used to flush embryos from oviducts. Co-culture of sheep embryos for 3 d with oviductal cells tended (P = .1) to reduce the percentage of embryos that developed to fetuses after transfer compared with those embryos transferred immediately. Tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with .3% BSA (M199BSA) was an adequate substitute for M199FCS for culture of sheep oviductal cells if tissue culture wells were pretreated with fibronectin. Estradiol in concentrations from 10 to 1,000 pg/ml and progesterone at concentrations of 1 or 10 ng/ml in M199BSA failed to stimulate embryo development during 3 d of co-culture beyond that seen in co-culture with M199FCS or M199BSA without added steroid. Transfer of sheep embyros co-cultured for 3 d in M199BSA or M199FCS to recipients synchronized with donors resulted in about 19% of the embryos developing to fetuses, whereas transfer to recipients that were in estrus 24 h after donors resulted in 33% of embryos developing to fetuses. The significant (P less than .05) improvement for delayed recipients may reflect the relatively lesser developmental rate of co-cultured embryos compared with that of embryos in vivo. Embryo development into fetuses was similar after co-culture in M199FCS or M199BSA co-cultures; therefore, serum is not required for the co-culture of sheep embryos.
Evolutionary conservation and structural localizations suggest a physical trace of metabolism's progressive geochronological emergence.

We studied multiple sequence alignment (MSA) consensus amino acid distributional patterns in 2844 amino acid sequences of the eight enzymes of the Kreb’s oxidative tricarboxylic acid pathway (oTCA)...