cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural biology and regulation of the plant sulfation pathway

In plants, sulfur is an essential nutrient that must be converted into usable metabolic forms for the formation of sulfur-containing amino acids and peptides (primary route) and for the modification of diverse metabolites (secondary route). In plants, the fate of assimilated sulfate depends on the three enzymes - ATP sulfurylase, adenosine-5'-phosphate (APS) reductase, and APS kinase - that form a branchpoint in the pathway. ATP sulfurylase catalyzes the formation of the critical intermediate APS, which can either be used in the primary assimilatory route or be phosphorylated to 3'-phospho-APS (PAPS) for a variety of sulfation reactions. Recent biochemical and structural studies of the branchpoint enzymes in plant sulfur metabolism suggest that redox-regulation may control sulfur partitioning between primary and secondary routes. Disulfide-based redox switches differentially affect APS reductase and APS kinase. Oxidative conditions that promote disulfide formation increase the activity of APS reductase and decreases PAPS production by APS kinase. Here we review recent work on the ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase from plants that provide new insight on the regulation of PAPS formation, the structural evolution of these enzymes in different organisms, and redox-control of this key branchpoint in plant sulfur metabolism.
Characterization and Vaccine Potential of Outer Membrane Vesicles Produced by Haemophilus parasuis

Haemophilus parasuis is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the upper respiratory tract of swine and is capable of causing a systemic infection, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. H. parasuis isolates display a wide range of virulence and virulence factors are largely unknown. Commercial bacterins are often used to vaccinate swine against H. parasuis, though strain variability and lack of cross-reactivity can make this an ineffective means of protection. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical structures naturally released from the membrane of bacteria and OMV are often enriched in toxins, signaling molecules and other bacterial components. Examination of OMV structures has led to identification of virulence factors in a number of bacteria and they have been successfully used as subunit vaccines. We have isolated OMV from both virulent and avirulent strains of H. parasuis, have examined their protein content and assessed their ability to induce an immune response in the host. Vaccination with purified OMV derived from the virulent H. parasuis Nagasaki strain provided protection against challenge with a lethal dose of the bacteria.
The dramatic boy.

A sociometric investigation of role-playing competence in children of Grades 2 through 6 indicated that boys were perceived as better than girls, and girls with brothers as better than girls with s...
Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Educational Testing

The purpose of this review is to examine views about learning and the learner grounded in cognitive psychology and to discuss their implications for educational testing. The new perspectives about learning and the learner suggested by cognitive psychology imply changes in educational testing. The first part of this paper compares perspectives about learning and the learner in cognitive psychology with traditional perspectives. The second part describes its implications for educational testing. The goals of educational testing should be the improvement of learning and instruction, achieving these goals in the “real” society, and a symbiotic relationship between cognitive psychologists and traditionalists in educational testing.
The effect of temporal speech alterations on speaker race and sex identifications.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the importance of temporal features of speech in speaker race and sex identifications. A total of 20 speakers, 10 white (five females and five mal...
364 WHAT SHOULD WE INCLUDE IN A CULTURAL COMPETENCE CURRICULUM? A FORMATIVE EVALUATION.

Background and Objective Designing a cultural competence curriculum is inherently complex. Many elements are needed, and multiple frameworks exist. We used a novel approach to identify and prioritize elements to include in a cultural competence curriculum to address disparities in cardiovascular disease. Methods First, we used the nominal group technique (NGT) to generate and prioritize a list of ideas to include in the curriculum. NGT is a structured small group process that fosters creativity and equal participation of participants. We conducted four NGT sessions and elicited responses to “What sorts of things could be included in a curriculum that focuses on cultural competence training for physicians?” Participants of the NGT sessions were nine medical students, seven medicine residents, seven practicing physicians, and seven disparities researchers. To organize the ideas generated, we then asked 45 educators and researchers to group and rank the ideas based on their own perceptions of importance. Lastly, to produce homogeneous groupings of elements based on the ideas grouped and ranked, we used multidimensional scaling (MDS) and hierarchical cluster analysis. Results The NGT sessions generated 61 ideas, 29 of which were selected by at least 2 participants. We observed five clusters of related issues within the multidimensional space: (1) patients9 cultural background (provide information on cultures,* habits, customs, values); (2) impact on health care and health behavior (include factors influencing health services, folk remedies, diet); (3) differences in therapies and health disparities (provide pharmacologic therapies, reasons for cardiovascular disparities); (4) awareness of approaches to multicultural care (increased awareness of own biases,* “stereotype avoidance”); and (5) resources to manage cultural diversity (provide resources for patients and their families to comprehend instructions,* provide questions to permit taking a cultural history,* language translation guide and available services, community resources). The asterisks indicate the top-rated ideas by the NGT groups. The MDS showed good fit of the dimensions (stress = 0.074; R2 = .97). Conclusions Our cognitive mapping approach allowed us to use input obtained from various stakeholders and generate critical domains to guide the development of the new curriculum.
Measurement research on side force of solid rocket motor based on magnetic suspension test fixture

The measurement principle and method of side force of SRM were introduced by using magnetic suspension test fixture.Based on side force static calibration test,the current-stiffness coefficient and displacement-stiffness coefficient in the electromagnetic force calculation formula were identified.The static characteristics of magnetic suspension test fixture were verified.Linearity,hysteresis and repeatability are all equal to or less than 5%,and comprehensive error is equal to or less than 8.7%.The data processing results of some solid rocket motor test show that side force value can be accurately measured by magnetic suspension test fixture.
Characteristics of $$\dot V_A /\dot Q$$ distributions recovered from inert gas elimination datadistributions recovered from inert gas elimination data

The resolving powers of the enforced smoothing and log-normal parametric estimation techniques in recovering ventilation/perfusion ratio $$\dot V_A /\dot Q$$ distributions were evaluated using noisy inert gas elimination data simulated from hypothetical distribution functions representing various degrees of heterogeneity. The resolving powers were assessed in terms of the statistical recoverabilities of the shunt, dead space, modality, and modal moments characterizing the perfusion distribution. For all distributions tested, both modal mean and shunt were estimated by either technique with sufficient accuracies. Modal dispersions (σ) were consistently overestimated by up to 0.15 decade for narrow distributions, but the mean errors became negligible for σ greater than 0.2 decade. As compared with the shunt, the dead space estimates were more variable and biased, probably due to their indirect estimation from the perfusion distribution, which was imperfectly recovered. Both broad unimodal and widely separated bimodal or trimodal distributions (σ>0.6 decade) were recovered as bimodal distributions of similar forms, so that detection of modality was difficult. The recoveries by both techniques were comparable in most cases studied, except that parametric estimation generally tended to be more sensitive to measurement errors and was computationally less efficient. These results provide a useful basis for the interpretation of $$\dot V_A /\dot Q$$ distributions obtained from empirical inert gas data.
SU-F-J-96: Comparison of Frame-Based and Mutual Information Registration Techniques for CT and MR Image Sets

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of CT-MR registration using a mutual information method with registration using a frame-based localizer box. Methods: Ten patients having the Leksell head frame and scanned with a modality specific localizer box were imported into the treatment planning system. The fiducial rods of the localizer box were contoured on both the MR and CT scans. The skull was contoured on the CT images. The MR and CT images were registered by two methods. The frame-based method used the transformation that minimized the mean square distance of the centroids of the contours of the fiducial rods from a mathematical model of the localizer. The mutual information method used automated image registration tools in the TPS and was restricted to a volume-of-interest defined by the skull contours with a 5 mm margin. For each case, the two registrations were adjusted by two evaluation teams, each comprised of an experienced radiation oncologist and neurosurgeon, to optimize alignment in the region of the brainstem. The teams were blinded to the registration method. Results: The mean adjustment was 0.4 mm (range 0 to 2 mm) and 0.2 mm (range 0 to 1 mm) for the frame and mutual information methods, respectively. The median difference between the frame and mutual information registrations was 0.3 mm, but was not statistically significant using the Wilcoxon signed rank test (p=0.37). Conclusion: The difference between frame and mutual information registration techniques was neither statistically significant nor, for most applications, clinically important. These results suggest that mutual information is equivalent to frame-based image registration for radiosurgery. Work is ongoing to add additional evaluators and to assess the differences between evaluators.
Portable Software for Interval Arithmetic

A portable multiple precision interval arithmetic package for FORTRAN has been developed by substituting the multiple precision arithmetic package of Richard P. Brent for the underlying arithmetic in the author’s earlier single precision interval arithmetic package. This package, like the earlier version, offers a complete range of Operations and functions for interval calculations.
From Victim to Perpetrator of Trauma: Lived Experiences of Gang-Involved Urban Refugee Youth in Kenya

ABSTRACTSomali children and youth in displacement are exposed to prolonged trauma and chronic violence. In spite of a striking link among trauma, gang activities, victimization, and perpetration of violence, however, few studies have been conducted with Somali refugee youth in low-resource urban settings. This qualitative study demonstrates how prolonged trauma shapes ecological conditions of refugee life that induce vulnerable youth to forge support systems through gang membership and violence. The accession of the challenges, from loss of family, to discrimination and police brutality, and to chronic impoverishment, forces the high-risk refugee youth to replicate the various forms of violence to which they have been exposed to survive. Undergoing such chronic and cumulated trauma, these youth continue to normalize and become further desensitized to violence. The systems perspective of this study expands understanding of the intersection of trauma and gang membership and implies the need for an expanded ...
Mixture model for fast estimation of positron range

We present a mixture model of exponential distributions to describe the variation of the positron end-point in tissue. The physics of positron trajectories through tissue was simulated by a Monte-Carlo simulator based on elastic scattering from the nucleus, inelastic collisions with atomic electrons, hard elastic collisions producing delta electrons, and the positron emission energy spectra. Data from this comprehensive physics based Monte Carlo simulation was fed into the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, and adapted to a binary mixture of exponential distributions. This binary mixture distribution provides a fast and accurate way to estimate positron-range for PET Monte Carlo simulation packages. For 18F and 15O point source simulations, the root mean square (rms) deviations within 2xFWHM between this mixture model and the full Monte Carlo simulation of positron endpoint probabilities was 4 and 7%, respectively.
Needs of Children Experiencing Homelessness who are Living in Shelters: A Qualitative Investigation of Perceptions of Care Workers to Inform Music Therapy Clinical Practice

In einer einzigen Nacht im Januar 2014 lebten 1940000 Kinder mit ihren Familien in Notunterkunften in den Vereinigten Staaten. Eine typische Familie die Obdachlosigkeit erfahrt ist eine alleinstehende Mutter mit zwei oder drei Kindern. Kinder die Obdachlosigkeit erfahren, erleben im Vergleich zu Kindern in Armut ofter akademische, soziale und emotionale Probleme. Da es im Moment einen Mangel an begutachteten Musiktherapiepublikationen zu Kindern die Obdachlosigkeit erfahren gibt, war das Ziel dieser Studie die Bedurfnisse der Kinder die in Notunterkunften leben durch Interviews mit Pflegepersonal (?) zu untersuchen und die Ergebnisse auf die Musiktherapiepraxis anzuwenden. Die Teilnehmer waren 7 Mitarbeiter einer Unterkunft fur Frauen und Kinder die im mittleren Westen der Vereinigten Staaten Obdachlosigkeit erleben. Die Dataanalyse wurde auf die sechs Phasen der Thematischen Analyse von Braun und Clarke (2006) aufgebaut. Die entstehenden Themen umfassten: (a) Mitarbeiter mussen positive Rollenmodelle sein und vertrauliche und herzliche Beziehungen bieten, (B) altere Kinder brauchen Programmierung und Moglichkeit fur Kommunikation und emotionale Unterstutzung, (c) Wohlbefinden muss erfasst und beobachtet werden, und (d) Routine und Erwartungen werden gebraucht um ein ruhiges Lebensumfeld zu fordern. Implikationen fur Musiktherapiepraxis, Begrenzungen und Empfehlungen fur die weitere Forschung in Bezug auf Musiktherapie mit Kindern die Obdachlosigkeit erfahren werden dargestellt.
More than a feeling: Tracing the progressive era origins of historical empathy in the social studies curriculum, 1890–1940s

Abstract Understanding historical empathy is a bourgeoning subfield of social studies education research. Students demonstrate historical empathy by analyzing sources 1) to determine historical context, 2) identify perspectives of historical figures, and 3) make affective connections to historical content. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine primary sources from educational leaders and organizations during the Progressive Era in American public school education in order to trace the origins of historical empathy as an implicit goal in the social studies curriculum. Our guiding research question is “How does the work of Progressive Era organizations and educational leaders impact how Americans viewed historical empathy?” We purposefully selected documents from Progressive Era organizations and certain leaders whose work formed a strong foundation of social studies education history. We conclude with an examination of the importance of historical empathy today in order to demonstrate the importance of historical empathy as a curricular aim of social studies education.
The Development of Capitalist Agriculture in China

Scholars have different views on the nature and pace of capitalist transformation of the Chinese agriculture. In this paper, we have, for the first time, estimated the approximate size of agricultu...
Arteriovenous Thigh Graft Cannulated from Contralateral Side

In arteriovenous graft cases with severe stenosis of the venous anastomosis, it may be very difficult to pass a guidewire across the site. Frequently, the use of a vascular catheter to stiffen the wire and direct its tip leads to success. However, there are instances in which even after multiple attempts, the stenotic lesion cannot be crossed. In these cases, advancing the guidewire from the opposite direction may solve the problem. This chapter discusses the case of a patient with left thigh graft with stenosis at the venous anastomosis. In order to treat the lesion, the site had to be crossed in a retrograde direction.
Computerized Dynamic Posturography: Comparison of Results Obtained from Individuals with Symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee and Controls

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the balance of individuals with knee OA and healthy peers and to determine the effect of knee OA on balance by matching gender, age, mass, height, and BMI. Material and Methods: Thirty-two individuals, sixteen with knee osteoarthritis and sixteen healthy, were evaluated on balance as measured by a NeuroCom EquiTest Sensory Organization Test and Motor Control test protocol. Outcomes included an equilibrium composite score, equilibrium scores on six sensory conditions, and sensory ratios for visual, somatosensory, vestibular systems as well as ability to manage altered proprioceptive inputs. Results: The healthy knee group showed that significantly higher equilibrium scores, higher strategy scores, higher sensory analysis ratios, and faster latency in the analysis of sensory organization test and motor control test. Conclusion: The existence of knee OA affected the effectiveness of the sensory system and the use of this signal in maintaining body balance.
Effectiveness of a transrectal prostate needle biopsy protocol with risk-tailored antimicrobials in a veterans cohort.

Abstract Purpose To prospectively implement a prostate biopsy protocol to identify high-risk patients for bleeding or infectious complications and use risk-tailored antimicrobials, patient education, and postbiopsy monitoring with the objective of reducing complications. Materials and methods Overall, 637 consecutive patients from June 2014 to August 2016 underwent prostate biopsy at our Veterans Affairs hospital. In the protocol cohort, patients were screened before biopsy and prophylaxis was tailored (high risk = ceftriaxone; low risk = ciprofloxacin). Patients were also provided additional education about bleeding and monitored for up to 1-hour. We defined complications as any deviation from normal postbiopsy activities. Comparisons were made between preprotocol/postprotocol cohorts. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for admissions or complications. Results Median age was 67 years (IQR: 64–69, P = 0.29) in both groups (pre n = 334, post n = 303). Preprotocol, 99% patients received ciprofloxacin; postprotocol, 86% received ciprofloxacin and 14% received ceftriaxone (P Conclusions A screening protocol before prostate biopsy is a targeted approach for selecting prophylactic antimicrobials and closer monitoring postbiopsy for bleeding. Our results suggest that the protocol has a favorable effect on complication and hospitalization rates.
p-completions of nilpotent spaces

In this chapter we discuss the p-completion, i.e. the “up to homotopy” version of the Zp-completion, for nilpotent spaces. It turns out that this p-completion is closely related to the p-profinite completion of [Quillen (PG)] and [Sullivan, Ch.3]; indeed, one can show that these completions coincide for spaces with Zp-homology of finite type, although they differ for more general spaces. The basic properties of p-profinite completions are well-known for simply connected spaces of finite type, and the main purpose of this chapter is to obtain similar results for p-completions of arbitrary nilpotent spaces.
Empowerment Through Design: Institutional Remedies to Environmental Injustice

Scholarship on race- and class-based disparities in regulatory outcomes has failed to provide a theoretically-grounded account of this bias’ origin. We address this shortcoming by providing a micro-level explanation of how demographics influence compliance bias, or the failure to detect noncompliant firms. We propose that regulatory compliance is best understood as a dual-agent – firm and regulatory officer – production function. In this production, we argue that community mobilization and agency decision-making authority shape bureaucrats’ incentives to report noncompliance. We test our argument with an original dataset on community mobilization and agency structure that delineates the political costs and benefits of state regulatory officers implementing the U.S. Clean Air Act. Using detection controlled estimation, we find that while certain communities are vulnerable to compliance bias, such bias is mitigated in the presence of either politically mobilized communities or decentralized enforcement authority within the implementing agency. ct will be provided by author.
The Distant and Unsurveyed Country: A Woman's Winter at Baffin Island, 1857–58, Polar and Alpine Tundra, Eva Interglaciation Forest Bed, Unglaciated East-Central Alaska: Global Warming 125,000 Years Ago, Molluscan Palaeontology of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Kap København Formation, North Greenland, Étude de la Cryoclastie et de l'Haloclastie par Méthode dilatométrique

(2000). The Distant and Unsurveyed Country: A Woman's Winter at Baffin Island, 1857–58, Polar and Alpine Tundra, Eva Interglaciation Forest Bed, Unglaciated East-Central Alaska: Global Warming 125,000 Years Ago, Molluscan Palaeontology of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Kap Kobenhavn Formation, North Greenland, Etude de la Cryoclastie et de l'Haloclastie par Methode dilatometrique. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 107-110.
Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX): An Overview

X-ray crystallography is a very powerful tool to determine structures of biological macromolecules at the atomic and molecular level and thereby enables insights into their function. Unfortunately, irradiating biological samples with X-rays is an inherently damaging and unavoidable process in conventional X-ray crystallography. The unique properties of X-ray free electron lasers (FELs), with pulse duration in the femtosecond range, allow data collection at time scales shorter than, or equivalent to, the time scales of the X-ray induced radiation damage pathways, offering a plausible way to diminish the ill effects of conventional radiation damage in biological structure determination. However, the high intensities of the X-ray FEL beam necessitated the development of novel techniques for sample preparation, characterization, introduction, data collection, and analysis. Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) represents a set of techniques developed to enable X-ray crystallography experiments at X-ray FELs, which encompasses multiple developments in sample introduction and data collection. This chapter summarizes the early experiments that demonstrated the SFX methods along with more recent developments and accomplishments that will be discussed in more detail in the following chapters of this book.
Modification of Poly(maleic anhydride)-Based Polymers with H2N-R Nucleophiles: Addition or Substitution Reaction?

Reacting poly(maleic anhydride)-based polymers with H2N–R nucleophiles is a flexible and highly effective approach for preparing a variety of multifunctional, multicoordinating, and multireactive polymers. The exact transformation of the anhydride ring during this addition reaction is still an open question. In this report, we characterize the transformation of a representative block copolymer, poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride), with a few H2N–R nucleophiles. In particular, we test the effects of varying a few reaction parameters/conditions (e.g., temperature, solvent, reaction time, and addition of thionyl chloride) on the nature of the anhydride transformation and bond formed between the polymer and the lateral R groups. The resulting polymers are characterized using a combination of analytical techniques including FT-IR, one- and two-dimensional NMR, and gel electrophoresis. We find that the ring opening transformation occurs under mild conditions. Conversely, cyclic imide transformation can take ...
Interactions between vortical, acoustic and thermal components during hypersonic transition

Discrete unstable modes of hypersonic laminar boundary layers, obtained from an eigenvalue analysis, provide insight into key transition scenarios. The character of such modes near the leading edge is often identified with the corresponding asymptotic free-stream behaviour of acoustic, vortical or entropic (thermal) content, which we designate fluid-thermodynamic (FT) components. In downstream regions, however, this direct one-to-one correspondence between discrete modes and FT components does not hold, since FT components interact in well-defined ways with the basic state and with each other (even under linear scenarios). In the present work, we perform an FT decomposition of discrete modes using momentum potential theory, to yield a physics-based analysis that complements linear stability theory in the linear regime, and seamlessly extends to the nonlinear domain where direct numerical simulations are appropriate. Linear and nonlinear saturated disturbance effects, different forcing types and wall thermal conditions are considered, with emphasis on phenomena occurring near stability-mode synchronization locations. The results show that, in the linear regime, each discrete mode contains all FT components, whose relative amplitudes vary with streamwise distance. Vortical components are always the largest, followed by thermal and acoustic components. These latter two show distinct fore and aft signatures near mode synchronization. The vortical component displays a series of rope-shaped recirculation-cell patterns across the generalized inflection point. However, both acoustic and thermal components display ‘trapped’ structures. The former contains an alternating monopole array between the wall and the critical layer, while the latter is confined to an undulating region between the wall and a wavy locus straddling the generalized inflection point. Nonlinear saturation in the region of Mack-mode growth further strengthens the rope-shaped structures in the vortical component and higher harmonics appear, whose form and location depend on the specific component. Wall cooling modifies the eigenfunctions such that the acoustic component accounts for more of its composition, consistent with its destabilization. Analysis of energy interactions among the FT components indicates that, even though the vorticity component is the largest, the thermal component induces the most significant source term for the growth of acoustic perturbations, possibly due to the trapped nature of both.
Does variation in glucocorticoid regulation predict fitness? A phylogenetic meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) are central mediators of metabolism and the response to challenges. Because circulating levels of GCs increase in response to challenges, within-population variation in GCs could reflect individual variation in condition or experience. At the same time, individual variation in the degree to which GCs increase in response to challenges (which is relatively consistent within individuals over time) could have causal effects on stress coping capacity, and the ability to survive and reproduce. Although a number of studies in vertebrates have tested whether within-population variation in GCs predicts components of fitness, it is not clear whether there are consistent patterns across taxa. Here we present the first phylogenetic meta-analysis testing whether within-population variation in GCs is associated with components of fitness across vertebrates. At the same time, we introduce and test predictions about an overlooked but potentially important mediator of GC-fitness relationships: life history context. We suggest that strong context-dependence in the fitness benefit of maintaining elevated GCs could obscure consistent patterns between GCs and fitness across taxa. Meta-analyses revealed that across vertebrates, baseline and stress-induced GCs were consistently negatively correlated with reproductive success. This relationship did not differ depending on life history context. In contrast, the relationships between GCs and survival were highly context dependent, differing according to life history strategy. Both baseline and stress-induced GCs were more strongly negatively associated with survival in longer-lived populations and species. Stress-induced GCs were also more negatively associated with survival in organisms that engage in relatively more valuable reproductive attempts. Fecal GCs did not predict survival or reproductive success. We also used a meta-analytic approach to test whether experimental increases in GCs had consistent causal effects on fitness. Experimental increases in GCs reduced both survival and reproductive success, although the latter relationship was not significant when accounting for phylogeny. Overall, these results support the prediction that GC-fitness relationships can be strongly context dependent, and suggest that incorporating life history may be particularly important for understanding GC-survival relationships. Future studies that explore the role of other aspects of context (e.g., the nature and frequency of stressors, environmental variation) within and across species could provide important insights how and when variation in GC regulation predicts fitness.
Physical Parameterizations for the ESPC Coupled Global Prediction System

Abstract : The long-term goal is to develop and implement a fully coupled global atmosphere/wave/ocean/land/ice prediction system capable of providing daily predictions out to 10 days and weekly predictions out to 30 days. Initial Operational Capability is targeted as 2018. Predictions will provide environmental information to meet Navy and DoD operations and planning needs throughout the globe from undersea to the upper atmosphere and from the tropics to the poles. The system will be implemented on Navy operational computer systems, and the necessary processing infrastructure will be put in place to provide products for Navy fleet user consumption.
Psychological factors are associated with return to pre-injury levels of sport and physical activity after ACL reconstruction

The impetus of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is to allow patients to return to sport and to remain engaged in physical activity. Many patients exhibit deficits in psychological domains of health-related quality of life which may impede return to sport and physical activity participation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association of patient-based, specifically psychological, and functional outcomes with return to sport and physical activity. Forty participants, a minimum of 1-year post-ACLR, reported to the laboratory for one-testing session. Participants completed a series of patient-based and functional outcome assessments. Participants were also instructed to wear a pedometer for 1 week to monitor their daily steps. Twenty-five participants (62%) did not return to sport and 29 participants (72%) did not average 10,000 steps per day. Individuals with elevated levels of self-reported kinesiophobia were 17% less likely to return to sport. Self-reported knee self-efficacy and knee-related quality of life accounted for 27.1% of the variance of average daily step counts. Psychological factors, specifically injury-related fear and self-efficacy, were associated more significantly than functional outcomes with return to sport and physical activity levels. Clinicians should examine psychological factors throughout rehabilitation in patients after ACLR. Future research should explore the effectiveness of psychoeducation techniques to decrease injury-related fear and enhance self-efficacy in this population. III.
TBCRC 032 IB/II Multicenter Study: Molecular insights to AR antagonist and PI3K inhibitor efficacy in patients with AR+ metastatic triple-negative breast cancer

Purpose: Preclinical data demonstrating androgen receptor (AR)–positive (AR+) triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are sensitive to AR antagonists, and PI3K inhibition catalyzed an investigator-initiated, multi-institutional phase Ib/II study TBCRC032. The trial investigated the safety and efficacy of the AR-antagonist enzalutamide alone or in combination with the PI3K inhibitor taselisib in patients with metastatic AR+ (≥10%) breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Phase Ib patients [estrogen receptor positive (ER+) or TNBC] with AR+ breast cancer received 160 mg enzalutamide in combination with taselisib to determine dose-limiting toxicities and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Phase II TNBC patients were randomized to receive either enzalutamide alone or in combination with 4 mg taselisib until disease progression. Primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 16 weeks. Results: The combination was tolerated, and the MTD was not reached. The adverse events were hyperglycemia and skin rash. Overall, CBR for evaluable patients receiving the combination was 35.7%, and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.4 months. Luminal AR (LAR) TNBC subtype patients trended toward better response compared with non-LAR (75.0% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.06), and increased PFS (4.6 vs. 2.0 months, P = 0.082). Genomic analyses revealed subtype-specific treatment response, and novel FGFR2 fusions and AR splice variants. Conclusions: The combination of enzalutamide and taselisib increased CBR in TNBC patients with AR+ tumors. Correlative analyses suggest AR protein expression alone is insufficient for identifying patients with AR-dependent tumors and knowledge of tumor LAR subtype and AR splice variants may identify patients more or less likely to benefit from AR antagonists.
Design and evaluation of a multi-trip delivery model with truck and drones

Abstract We extend the Traveling Repairman Problem (TRP) by assuming a single truck which can stop at customer locations and launch drones multiple times from each stop location to serve customers. The problem is mathematically modeled, several bound analyses are conducted to determine the maximum possible improvements in customer waiting times, and an efficient hybrid Tabu Search-Simulated Annealing algorithm is developed to solve the problem. The results of evaluations on several problem instances suggest that the system can yield considerable reductions in customer waiting time for a wide range of model parameters compared to the conventional delivery models.
Use of soleus musculocutaneous perforator-based propeller flap for lower extremity wound coverage after osteocutaneous fibula free flap harvest.

Background Osteocutaneous fibula free flap (OCFFF) donor sites are often covered with skin grafts, with an additional donor site, more postoperative care, and increased cost. The authors examine posterior tibial artery (PTA) based pedicled propeller flaps (PPF) as an alternative for OCFFF donor site coverage. Patients and methods Retrospective review of 16 consecutive patients from 30 to 79 years old, who underwent OCFFF reconstruction of head and neck defects (11 mandibular, 5 maxillary), with the closure of donor site with PPF based on a perforator from PTA. Mean donor site defect measured 12.9 × 5.1 cm, PPF was an elliptical design, and rotated 180 degrees in a propeller fashion, to cover donor site defect. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess esthetic results, functional outcomes assessed using mobility and range of motion (ROM), and secondary complications including infections, hematomas, and seromas were recorded. Follow-up period was noted in months postoperatively. Other information collected included underlying head and neck pathology. Results Average dimension of PPF measured 13.9 × 4.1 cm. Successful closure of donor site defects in 14 of 16 patients, with two flaps having partial necrosis, one requiring a secondary skin graft. Follow-up was 6 to 10 months, esthetic results with mean VAS 8.8 of 10, full ROM, and mobility noted. No secondary complications were observed. The most common pathology noted was squamous cell carcinoma (6 of 16 patients). Conclusion PPFs based on the soleus branch of the PTA represent an excellent alternative to skin grafts for the closure of OCFFF donor site defects.
Destabilizing effects on a classic tri-trophic oyster-reef cascade

How interactions among multiple predators affect the stability of trophic cascades is a topic of special ecological interest. To examine factors affecting the stability of the classic tri-trophic oyster reef cascade within a different context, configurations of three predators, including the Gulf toadfish, Gulf stone crab, and oystershell mud crab, were manipulated together with either oyster shell or limestone gravel substrate within a multiple predator effects (MPE) experiment. Additionally, a complimentary set of trait-mediated-indirect interaction (TMII) experiments examined the inhibition of oyster consumption relative to mud-crab size and top predator identity in the absence of other cues and factors. The classic tri-trophic cascade formed by the toadfish-mud crab-oyster configuration was potentially weakened by several interactions within the MPE experiment. Consumption of oysters and mud crabs by the intraguild stone crab was undeterred by the presence of toadfish. Although mud crab feeding was inhibited in the presence of both toadfish and stone crabs, estimated non-consumptive effects (NCEs) were weaker for stone crabs in the MPE experiment. Consequently, the total effect was destabilizing when all three predator species were together. Inhibition of mud crab feeding was inversely related to direct predation on mud crabs within the MPE experiment. Complimentary TMII experiments revealed greater inhibition of mud crab feeding in response to stone crabs under sparse conditions. TMII experiments also implied that inhibition of mud crab feeding could have largely accounted for NCEs relative to oysters within the MPE experiment, as opposed to interference by other mud crabs or top predators. An inverse relationship between mud crab size and NCE strength in the TMII experiment disclosed another potentially destabilizing influence on the tri-trophic-cascade. Finally, although habitat complexity generally dampened the consumption of oysters across MPE treatments, complex habitat promoted mud crab feeding in the presence of toadfish alone. This study underscores how ecological interactions can mediate trophic cascades and provides some additional insights into the trophic dynamics of oyster reefs for further testing under natural conditions.
Relationships Between Open Source Software Companies and Communities: Observations from Nordic Firms

This paper deals with the relationships between firms and communities in Open Source Software (OSS). A particular feature of OSS is that important resources are not directly controlled by firms, but partly reside within communities that co-exist with the firms. Despite this, firms explicitly try to utilize the resources within these communities in order to create and appropriate value. Consequently, the relationships that firms have to these communities influence their way of doing business. Based on case studies of Nordic OSS firms, a typology consisting of symbiotic, commensalistic, and parasitic approaches to handling the firm-community relationship is developed. Depending on the chosen approach, firms encounter different managerial issues and also use different operational means of subtle control. While firms relying on a symbiotic approach have greater possibility to influence the community through subtle means of control, they are also confronted with more challenging managerial issues.
Gradient light video projection-based stereolithography for continuous production of solid objects

Abstract The Video Projection-based Stereolithography (VP-SL) is a fast, low-cost, and high-resolution additive manufacturing (AM) process. However, critical issues, including manufacturing defects such as holes in the solid geometry and manufacturing constraints such as limited size, have been reported. To successfully print a part, the light exposure intensity needs to be carefully controlled. In this paper, a gradient light video projection-based stereolithography (GLVP-SL) process with continuous resin flow is presented. The newly developed AM process enables the continuous fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) solid objects with controlled exposure energy. For each layer, instead of a single image, three mask images are designed with unique grayscale distributions. The effect of grayscale distribution on printing process characteristics including the curing speed and resin flow, is investigated. An optimization model to identify the optimum grayscale distribution pattern for the desired size and density of the solid structure is developed. For comparison, various solid objects were printed with the conventional VP-SL process and our proposed GLVP-SL process. The porosity and surface roughness of the printed parts were characterized. Experimental results validated that the GLVP-SL process can print void-free 3D solid objects with a good surface quality.
Evaluation of Anti-Xa Apixaban and Rivaroxaban Levels With Respect to Known Doses in Relation to Major Bleeding Events.

Background:Although not routinely recommended, anti-Xa level monitoring for apixaban or rivaroxaban may be useful in certain clinical scenarios. There are currently no laboratory standards, therape...
Urbanisation in the Global South

This chapter argues that the urban world is increasingly a ‘southern’ urban world. Over the last half-century or more, urbanisation has proceeded far more rapidly in the Global South than the Global North. Analysts of Global South urbanisation critique the frequent use of analytical toolkits developed in the Global North to explain urban processes in the Global South, and therefore this chapter seeks to build from ‘southern’ understandings of Global South urbanisation. While great diversity exists across the Global South, one can nevertheless identify some common themes. This chapter highlights and discusses variations upon five of these themes across the urban Global South, bringing in examples from Asia, Africa and Latin America: legacies of colonialism and imperialism; rapid processes of urbanisation; sprawling urban form; informal economy and settlement; and variability in governance and service delivery. The chapter’s final main segment analyses the implications of the general themes for urban ecologies in the Global South.
Ethical considerations in pediatric chronic illness: The relationship between psychological factors, treatment adherence, and health outcomes.

Abstract Children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic illnesses are often faced with complicated and burdensome treatments that not only require a great deal of time and energy to manage, but will also likely impact relationships with parents, siblings, and peers. Adolescents and young adults with chronic illness are often impacted by several unique and challenging factors that can ultimately impact health behaviors and treatment outcomes. Working with a psychologist can help to ameliorate these unique challenges, which will positively impact health behaviors and health outcomes. The present paper provides an overview of psychological interventions that were designed to target the unique challenges that are often associated with maladaptive health behaviors and ultimately poor health outcomes. As demonstrated in this commentary, when working with adolescents and young adults who have unique developmental challenges, it is important to deliver multi-faceted intervention approaches that utilize a number of different strategies and frameworks. These eclectic intervention approaches provide a unique opportunity to improve health behaviors during critical developmental periods, including the transition from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood.
Screening of Human Gut Bacterial Culture Collection Identifies Species That Biotransform Quercetin into Metabolites with Anticancer Properties

We previously demonstrated that flavonoid metabolites inhibit cancer cell proliferation through both CDK-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The existing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is capable of flavonoid biotransformation to generate bioactive metabolites including 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4,6-THBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA), 3,4,5-trihyroxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-THBA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). In this study, we screened 94 human gut bacterial species for their ability to biotransform flavonoid quercetin into different metabolites. We demonstrated that five of these species were able to degrade quercetin including Bacillus glycinifermentans, Flavonifractor plautii, Bacteroides eggerthii, Olsenella scatoligenes and Eubacterium eligens. Additional studies showed that B. glycinifermentans could generate 2,4,6-THBA and 3,4-DHBA from quercetin while F. plautii generates DOPAC. In addition to the differences in the metabolites produced, we also observed that the kinetics of quercetin degradation was different between B. glycinifermentans and F. plautii, suggesting that the pathways of degradation are likely different between these strains. Similar to the antiproliferative effects of 2,4,6-THBA and 3,4-DHBA demonstrated previously, DOPAC also inhibited colony formation ex vivo in the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line. Consistent with this, the bacterial culture supernatant of F. plautii also inhibited colony formation in this cell line. Thus, as F. plautii and B. glycinifermentans generate metabolites possessing antiproliferative activity, we suggest that these strains have the potential to be developed into probiotics to improve human gut health.