cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integration of laser-speckle and finite-element techniques of stress analysis

A study of the combined use of laser-speckle and finite-element methods for stress analysis is described. The speckle technique provides displacement data which can be directly input to a finite-element computer program for the determination of stresses. The displacement data can be used as boundary conditions for the examination of a subregion of the structural component to be analyzed. A substantial reduction in computational effort can be realized over conventional finite-element analysis of the entire structure. Also, a sizeable reduction in the required amount of experimental data may occur since direct numerical differentiation of the data is not required for strain evaluation. Acceptable accuracy may be obtained even when experimental displacement data may be too scarce for traditional numerical differentiation. Random error in experimental displacement is illustrated to have localized effects on the calculated stress field.
Biological fuel cell and an application as a reserve power source

Abstract A biological fuel cell was constructed in which the metabolism of glucose by yeast provided the electrons. A two compartment plexiglass fuel cell was constructed with platinum electrodes separated by a proton conducting membrane. One half of the cell contained yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , glucose, and an electron mediator, methylene blue. The other half contained an electron acceptor, potassium ferricyanide. Electrons produced during the metabolism of glucose by the yeast were captured by the methylene blue and transferred to the platinum electrode, traveled through the external circuit to the cathode compartment, and were finally accepted by the potassium ferricyanide. When yeast was added to the fuel cell the open circuit potential was ∼0.5 V. Electrical current was measured while holding the cell voltage at 0.3 and 0.1 V. Current output was optimized for the initial concentration of yeast, temperature, glucose concentration, agitation and oxygen content. The optimum conditions for producing current within the scope of this study were obtained with agitated, partially oxygenated electrolyte at 45 °C containing 0.1 M glucose.
Testing poor pregnant women for cocaine--physicians as police investigators.

In 1989, Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall surmised that “declaring a war on illegal drugs is good public policy . . . [but] the first, and worst, casualty of war will be the precious liberti...
Orchiopexy in the prune belly syndrome.

Summary— It has been suggested that abdominal tests might have better ultimate function if brought to the scrotum at a very early age. In a study of 16 patients with the prune belly syndrome, 8 had reconstruction of the urinary tract together with an orchiopexy and 2 had an orchiopexy alone. The results in these patients support the view that an orchiopexy in the neonate or young infant offers the best chance of obtaining viable testes in the scrotum.
Preservice teachers' expectations about the first year of teaching

Abstract “Unrealistic optimism,” a construct used in health psychology, provided a framework for examining preservice teachers' expectations about teaching. Subjects showed a consistent tendency to believe that they would experience less difficulty than the “average first-year teacher” on 33 different teaching tasks. This optimistic bias was significantly greater for tasks perceived to be under the teacher's control and for tasks dealing with organization and management. Implications for teacher education and for the prevention of “reality shock” are discussed.
Ecological momentary assessment of acute alcohol use disorder symptoms: associations with mood, motives, and use on planned drinking days

Several theories posit that alcohol is consumed both in relation to one's mood and in relation to different motives for drinking. However, there are mixed findings regarding the role of mood and motives in predicting drinking. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods provide an opportunity to evaluate near real-time changes in mood and motives within individuals to predict alcohol use. In addition, endorsement of criteria of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) may also be sensitive to changes within subjects. The current study used EMA with 74 moderate drinkers who responded to fixed and random mood, motive, alcohol use, and AUD criteria prompts over a 21-day assessment period. A temporal pattern of daytime mood, evening drinking motivation, and nighttime alcohol use and acute AUD symptoms on planned drinking days was modeled to examine how these associations unfold throughout the day. The results suggest considerable heterogeneity in drinking motivation across drinking days. Additionally, an affect regulation model of drinking to cope with negative mood was observed. Specifically, on planned drinking days, the temporal association between daytime negative mood and the experience of acute AUD symptoms was mediated via coping motives and alcohol use. The current study found that motives are dynamic, and that changes in motives may predict differential drinking patterns across days. Further, the study provides evidence that emotion-regulation-driven alcohol involvement may need to be examined at the event level to fully capture the ebb and flow of negative affect motivated drinking.
Cell-by-Cell Construction of Living Tissue

This paper outlines investigations into a potentially revolutionary approach to tissue engineering. Tissue is a complex three-dimensional structure that contains many different biomaterials such as cells, proteins, and extracellular matrix molecules that are ordered in a very precise way to serve specific functions. In order to replicate such complex structure, it is necessary to have a tool that could deposit all these materials in an accurate and controlled fashion. Most methods to fabricate living three-dimensional structures involve techniques to engineer biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolding, which is then seeded with living cells to form tissue. This scaffolding gives the tissue needed support, but the resulting tissue inherently has no microscopic cellular structure because cells are injected into the scaffolding where they adhere at random. We have developed a novel technique that actually engineers tissue, not scaffolding, that includes the mesoscopic cellular structure inherent in natural tissues. This approach uses a laser-based rapid prototyping system known as matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW) to construct living tissue cell-by-cell. This manuscript details our efforts to rapidly and reproducibly fabricate complex 2D and 3D tissue structures with MAPLE-DW by placing different cells and biomaterials accurately and adherently on the mesoscopic scale
An ERP study of major-minor classification in melodies

COMPOSERS COMMONLY USE MAJOR OR MINOR SCALES to create different moods in music.Nonmusicians show poor discrimination and classification of this musical dimension; however, they can perform these tasks if the decision is phrased as happy vs. sad.We created pairs of melodies identical except for mode; the first major or minor third or sixth was the critical note that distinguished major from minor mode. Musicians and nonmusicians judged each melody as major vs. minor or happy vs. sad.We collected ERP waveforms, triggered to the onset of the critical note. Musicians showed a late positive component (P3) to the critical note only for the minor melodies, and in both tasks.Nonmusicians could adequately classify the melodies as happy or sad but showed little evidence of processing the critical information. Major appears to be the default mode in music, and musicians and nonmusicians apparently process mode differently.
A collaborative network for first responders: Lessons from the CapWIN case

Abstract It is increasingly important for government agencies to collaborate across jurisdictional and functional boundaries. Interorganizational systems supporting interagency collaboration must accommodate a wide range of factors from the external environment and participating organizations as part of their design and operation. This paper presents the findings from a case study of CapWIN, a collaborative network created to enable first responders to share information across jurisdictional and functional boundaries as they work together during emergencies and other critical events. The study examines how aspects of the external environment and the agency context impeded or facilitated the CapWIN collaborative network and the interorganizational system (IOS) that supports it. We identify factors affecting information sharing and collaborative processes, and describe how these factors interact to enable and constrain an IOS. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research on the interplay of environmental, organizational, and technical aspects of interagency collaboration networks as they evolve over time.
Victor Barnouw (1915–1989)

Victor Barnouw was born May 25, 1915, in The Hague, Netherlands, son of Adriaan Jacob and Anne E. (Midgley) Barnouw. Upon Adriaan Barnouw's appointment as Queen Wilhelmina Professor of Dutch Language and Literature at Columbia University, the family moved in 1919 to New York City. Victor became a U.S. citizen in 1924, and attended Horace Mann School for Boys from 1927 to 1933. After two years (1933-35) at Princeton, he studied at the National Academy of Design from 1935 to 1937. He then completed his undergraduate studies at Columbia College, receiving the A.B., with honors, in 1940. He received the Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1948, and did postdoctoral study in the University of Pennsylvania's Department of South Asia Regional Studies from 1951 to 1952. It is fitting that the Linton-Kardiner seminars at Columbia, so seminal to the whole field of culture-and-personality, were central in setting Barnouw's anthropological course. It is significant, too, that a crucial paper was by a psychoanalyst (Kardiner) in commemoration of Freud. Barnouw always believed Freud's work to be of great value; indeed, no one is more cited, in Culture and Personality, than Freud. Moreover, one of that book's enduring contributions is its thorough refutation of the notion that Malinowski "disproved" the universality of the Oedipus complex. (Barnouw's analysis concludes that Malinowski's "handling of the central question concerning the Oedipus complex is unsatisfactory and leaves the problem still unsettled" [Barnouw 1985:84].) Ruth Benedict served as Barnouw's doctoral adviser at Columbia. (He remembered her in a wonderful paper entitled simply "Ruth Benedict" [Barnouw 1981].) Informed by her distinction between atomistic and corporate societies, his dissertation (Barnouw 1950) on Chippewa acculturation argued that Chippewa personality patterns-less than admirable in some respects, by our standards-had remained quite stable despite acculturation, and that this was because their atomistic social structure had been intrinsically more resistant to disruption, by reservation life, than had been the more corporate societies on the Plains. These claims drew criticism; the ensuing discussion and debate raised important methodological issues, and also fundamental-and sensitive-questions about the relationship between anthropology and political ideology. Bernard J. James offered criticisms basically empirical in nature; Harold Hickerson, however, in addition to insinuating racist motives, rather bluntly charged work such as Barnouw's with helping justify exploitation of native peoples by Whites. That Barnouw answered his critics substantively is a tribute to the agility of his mind; that he did so with graceful restraint, to the quality of his character. The whole exchange is reviewed, with references, in Barnouw 1978; George Spindler
Recovery of a Warmwater Fish Assemblage after the Initiation of a Minimum-Flow Release Downstream from a Hydroelectric Dam

Abstract Artificial fluctuations in streamflow caused by hydroelectric power dams can degrade fish habitat and reduce the abundance and diversity of riverine fish faunas. Increased minimum water releases and reduced fluctuations in discharge may mitigate these effects. In this study, we compared shoreline fish abundance and diversity before and after an enhanced flow regime was implemented on the Tallapoosa River (Alabama) downstream of a hydroelectric dam. Before the minimum-flow regime, only eight species of fish were collected 3 km downstream from the dam, and all were classified as macrohabitat generalists. After the minimum flow was initiated, species richness 3 km below the dam more than doubled, and over half of the species collected were classified as fluvial specialists. Fish community response to the enhanced flow was not as great at a site 37 km downstream from the dam, where species richness was similar between the two periods. However, more species classified as fluvial specialists were colle...
Comparative neuropharmacology of antianxiety drugs

Abstract Over the past five years, the mechanisms of action of several classes of antianxiety drugs have been clarified. Benzodiazepines, triazolopyridazines, and barbiturates seem to produce their anxiolytic effects by interacting with a specific high affinity receptor (viz. benzodiazepine receptor) in the brain. The benzodiazepine receptor is functionally and perhaps structurally coupled to a receptor for the major inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA as well as a chloride channel or ionophore. Taken together, this receptor “complex” may mediate the behavioral effects of a number of chemically diverse antianxiety agents. Evidence for the role of the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor-chloride ionophore complex in the mechanism of action of minor tranquilizers and a possible interaction with the novel anxiolytic buspirone is discussed.
Size Patterns in West Indian Anolis Lizards: I. Size and Species Diversity

Schoener, Thomas W. (Biological Laboratories, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138) 1969. Size pattern in West Indian Anolis lizards: I. Size and species diversity. Syst. Zool., 18:386-401.-Anolis lizard species have solitary populations on certain West Indian islands. These populations have a narrow range in mean body size, very different for the two sexes, though they inhabit islands varying greatly in area and environmental diversity. Smallsized exceptions to this uniformity are northerly. Sizes of males for solitary forms are collectively significantly larger than sizes of males on the richest islands. With increasing species diversity from island to island, species size distributions for males irregularly decrease in median but increase in range and skewness. On the three richest islands, smaller species are significantly more often restricted in geographic range. From simple assumptions about competition for resources, a relation is derived which holds that snout-vent length or some power thereof for a given species is equal to some multiple of the reciprocal of the number of closely related species on its island plus some constant. This relation is shown to better describe data than two alternatives. The ratio of the length of the principal trophic structure (the head) to the entire body length of a given species is sometimes but not always predictable from the number of congeneric species on its island. [Anolis; West Indies; size; diversity; convergence; evolution]. Among terrestrial vertebrates, West Indian lizards of the genus Anolis are notable in numerical abundance, species diversity, and observability. These features have stimulated abundant research on the ecology and evolution of this genus, mostly yet unpublished (see Williams, in press, for a review). Recently, E. E. Williams and I were struck by the opportunity which Anolis offered for making the sort of inductive generalizations about interspecific size differences in trophic structures and total bulk that have been made for birds (Lack, 1947; Hutchinson, 1959; Klopfer and MacArthur, 1961; Schoener, 1965; Grant, 1968 and included references). Our aims were twopronged. First, the resulting set of patterns describing size differences should extend or delimit the domain of tendencies noted for birds. But more importantly, the extensive lode of habitat and distributional information for this more narrowly defined group should permit a more exact statement of t-he relation of spatial overlap to size differences. This paper considers the possible effects of three major environmental factors-number of sympatric congeners, latitude, and island size-and several minor ones on the absolute and relative body sizes of males and females. Other results are presented elsewhere (Schoener,
Hyaluronic acid hydrogels for vocal fold wound healing

The unique vibrational properties inherent to the human vocal fold have a significant detrimental impact on wound healing and scar formation. Hydrogels have taken prominence as a tissue engineered strategy to restore normal vocal structure and function as cellularity is low. The frequent vibrational and shear forces applied to, and present in this connective tissue make mechanical properties of such hydrogels a priority in this active area of research. Hyaluronic acid has been chemically modified in a variety of ways to address cell function while maintaining desirable tissue mechanical properties. These various modifications have had mixed results when injected in vivo typically resulting in better biomechanical function but not necessarily with a concomitant decrease in tissue fibrosis. Recent work has focused on seeding mesenchymal progenitor cells within 3D architecture of crosslinked hydrogels. The data from these studies demonstrate that this approach has a positive effect on cells in both early and late wound healing, but little work has been done regarding the biomechanical effects of these treatments. This paper provides an overview of the various hyaluronic acid derivatives, their crosslinking agents, and their effect when implanted into the vocal folds of various animal models.
Ideology and crime control policy positions in a state legislature

State legislators are central figures in the development of crime control policy, but determinants of lawmakers' positions on crime control issues are not well understood. In this research, the influence of lawmakers' general political orientation, crime control ideology, and other variables were examined in relation to policy views. The study used data collected in a 1985 survey of the membership of the New York state legislature to examine determinants of legislators' positions on several timely policy approaches. Particular attention was devoted to correlates of positions on determinate sentencing, capital punishment, and gun control.
Mentoring in an Urban Teacher Residency: Mentors' Perceptions of Yearlong Placements

This qualitative study explored 8 urban mentor teachers' experiences and perceptions of mentoring in a yearlong field placement in an Urban Teacher Residency program. Results indicate mentors' and preservice teachers' joint work provided a context conducive for professional learning and contributing to a larger social justice mission. However, ongoing collaboration also produced tensions, some of which mentors had difficulty navigating. This study suggests that if extended field placements are to be an effective reform intervention, mentor teachers need professional support to maximize the benefits and to negotiate the complexities of collaboration.
Serotonin and acute ischemic heart disease.

Over the past 10 to 15 years, we have gained considerable insight into the pathophysiology of acute ischemic heart disease, and as a result our therapeutic approach has changed substantially. In th...
Progression of Occlusive Disease Following Femorofemoral Crossover Bypass Graft

Progression of distal disease is considered the most common cause of femorofemoral artery cross-over bypass graft (FFBPG) failure. Twenty-seven patients with patent grafts (mean 53 months) were evaluated with segmental Doppler and duplex scan arterial studies for evidence of disease progression. In the early postoperative period (compared with preoperative levels), 26 patients (95.3%) showed a significant improvement (>0.1) in the recipient limb ankle-brachial index (ABI) (mean increase of 0.38; SD=0.24) and/or ankle spectral arterial waveform. However, there was a statistically significant decrease (p=0.0001) in the donor limb ABI, and 12 patients (44.4%) had a >0.1 deterioration. On long-term follow-up (compared with preoperative levels) this difference was no longer significant (p=0.49); only seven donor limbs remained with a >0.1 decrease in ABI. The recipient limbs maintained a significant improvement (>0.1) in the ABI compared to preoperative levels (p 133 msec and/or increased blood flow velocity without a simultaneous significant decrease in their recipient limb ABI. In the latter group the preoperative donor limb common femoral artery acceleration time and ABI and the immediate postoperative change in donor limb ABI were not significantly different (p>0.05) than in the remaining patients. These data suggest that there is a significant but transient decrease in donor limb ABI following FFBPG, that long-term changes in ABIs are symmetric in both limbs, and that inflow surveillance with duplex scanning and acceleration time measurement may allow early detection of hemodynamically significant inflow lesions prior to graft failure.
Annealing study of the erasability of high energy tapes

The effects of high temperature long-term aging on the erasability of various high coercivity tape media were investigated. The results showed that Co- gamma -Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ media, depending on how they were prepared, could become increasingly harder to erase, or stay virtually unchanged in their erasability after prolonged aging. For CrO/sub 2/ media, experiments indicated that aging the media at high temperatures could cause severe erosion, which badly degraded the media magnetic properties and recording performance, as well as altered the media erasure characteristics. Much less severe corrosion was observed for metal particle media. Aging the metal evaporated media at high temperatures caused their coercivity to increase, by as much as 30%, which was also reflected in the media erasure characteristics. Of all the media studied, Ba-ferrite was found to be the most stable against the annealing process. >
DON QUIXOTE, HAMLET AND ‘NEGATIVE CAPABILITY’: ASPECTS OF GONCHAROV’S OBLOMOV

(1980). DON QUIXOTE, HAMLET AND ‘NEGATIVE CAPABILITY’: ASPECTS OF GONCHAROV’S OBLOMOV. Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association: Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 42-53.
Crossover scaling in a dilute Bose superfluid near zero temperature.

The behavior of a dilute Bose superfluid at low temperatures, $Tll{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$, is considered with emphasis on the superfluid density, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}(T)$. Many of the predictions of the Bogoliubov model are exact in this regime and are shown to lead to a scaling description of the crossover from ideal to interacting Bose gas behavior as the density is reduced. Combined with previous work on scaling near criticality, $T\ensuremath{\simeq}{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$, these results complete the crossover description of the dilute superfluid over the full temperature range. Diagrammatic perturbation theory in the superfluid phase is outlined and previous results from the helium literature are summarized. The various divergences encountered have previously been shown to arise from nonanalyticities in the self-energy functions at zero momentum, and these are related to the spin-wave nature of the superfluid phase. A full renormalization-group fixed-point picture is presented summarizing the zero-temperature and finite-temperature regimes and the flows connecting them.
Livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular accidents

Livedo reticularis is a clinical pattern of cutaneous vascular involvement that can be seen in association with many diseases. The association of livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular accidents has been reported rarely in the past. We report on a 52-year-old woman with marked generalized livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular accidents who exhibited endarteritis obliterans without other pathologic changes on histologic examination of the skin. This constellation of findings suggests a primary vasculopathy with rather extensive involvement which merits our attention and further study.
Toluene induced cometabolism of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride under conditions expected downgradient of a permeable Fe(0) barrier

Abstract A new approach for groundwater treatment combines a permeable Fe(0) barrier to break down higher chlorinated solvents like PCE and TCE with a downgradient aerobic biological treatment system to biotransform less chlorinated solvents, such as DCE and vinyl chloride (VC), and petroleum hydrocarbons. The expected bacterial performance downgradient of an Fe(0) barrier was evaluated through laboratory batch experiments with a toluene-degrading mixed culture that cometabolically transforms cis -1,2-DCE and VC. The amount of cis -1,2-DCE (initially at 500 ppb) and VC (initially at 250 ppb) transformed was controlled by the initial toluene (0–12,000 ppb) and biomass (0–15 μ g protein ml −1 ) concentrations. Cis -1,2-DCE was removed much more effectively than VC, and a higher toluene concentration in comparison to the co-substrate concentrations was needed for complete co-substrate removal. Competitive inhibition was indicated by the sequential degradation of toluene and the co-substrates. When the pH was above 8, the effectiveness of cis -1,2-DCE and VC transformation decreased rapidly for a given toluene concentration. 1,1-DCE, a product of the reduction processes within the Fe(0) barrier, hindered the transformation of toluene, cis -1,2-DCE and VC at concentrations as low as 10 ppb. Acetylene, another chemical reaction product, only marginally inhibited the transformation of the co-substrates in the studied concentration range of 0–1700 ppb. Overall, the coupling of an Fe(0) barrier and subsequent biodegradation appears feasible for remediation of complex mixtures of chlorinated solvents and petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater. Our results suggest that supplemental toluene or other primary substrate upgradient of the biological process may be required, and that pulsing of this substrate may be advisable. Because passing through a permeable Fe(0) barrier increases the groundwater pH, neutralization with acid may be needed before entering the bioactive zone if the natural buffer capacity of the soil is insufficient. Breakthrough of 1,1-DCE from the Fe(0) barrier could prove a critical factor for the bacterial performance.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES INDUCED PURING THE NONEXTRUSION TEXTURIZATION OF GLANDLESS COTTONSEED FLOUR

Nonextrusion texturization of defatted cottonseed flour was found to be time dependent and texture was developed in a series of well defined stages. The process began with the fusion of flour components after a 2-set retention time. The protein bodies were deformed, ruptured and fused between 2 and 8 set forming the product's protein-insoluble carbohydrate matrix. The process was essentially complete after a lo-set retention time with the fibrillation of the protein-insoluble carbohydrate matrix.
Evaluation of ion exchange for fabrication of rare-earth doped waveguides

Rare earth ions are frequently incorporated into lasers by doping common glasses with the ions in the glass melt. This paper describes the potential of using diffusion of the rare earth ion from molten salt baths to incorporate it in the glass. The paper discusses the molten salts, the rare earths as a group, the diffusion phenomena, the glasses, and finally the interaction of all these to produce the process. General predictions of the waveguide profile and potential problems are presented.
Incorporating quality metrics into training

There have been a number of factors that have led to a reexamination of how health care is delivered with the specific goals of improving quality and reducing cost. As gastroenterologists who are also proceduralists, it is imperative that we not only respond to these increasing pressures but also lead in what is a noble and necessary endeavor. The training of future gastroenterologists must take into account such realities. This chapter attempts to provide the groundwork as to how to incorporate quality metrics into training.
The stress of patient emergencies for the clinician: Incidence, impact, and means of coping

This article presents evidence from the literature on the incidence and impact of behavioral emergencies on clinicians as well as suggestions for improved education and support for work in this area. Behavioral emergencies are conceptualized as including imminent life-threatening behaviors such as patient suicidal behavior, patient violence, and instances in which patients become the victims of interpersonal violence. Suggestions are offered for how clinicians can understand and cope with their own reactions during and after such patient emergencies. Additionally, data on deficits in the education and training of psychologists are presented along with suggestions for how programs and clinical sites can improve their training in emergency and crisis work.
Effect Of Intensity Scintillation On The Stimulated Rotational Raman Threshold In Hydrogen

Threshold measurements of stimulated rotational Raman scattering in hydrogen have been performed for the case of a linear and circularly polarized pump, with and without atmospheric-like phase distortions. Since the effects of Stokes-anti/Stokes (SAS) coupling disappear with circular polarization, the comparison of threshold measurements with each polarization provides a direct measurement of the effective gain reduction caused by SAS coupling combined with turbulence induced intensity scintillations. The results are in good agreement with Raman code calculations.
Preparatory interval effects on the reaction time performance of introverts and extraverts

Abstract This study examined the effect of preparatory interval (PI) lenght on the reaction time (RT) of extraverts (Es) and introverts (Is). In addition to displaying a significantly slower overall mean RT than Es, Is also tended to be more adversely affected by longer PI duration ( P = 0.06). That is, unlike Es, Is tended to show a much greater increase in RT to an 8-sec PI duration as compared to a 4-sec PI duration. Examination of the influence of psychoticism (P) and neuroticism (N) effects on the performance of Es and Is indicated that N had no effect for this sample of subjects. However, high levels of P tended to lead to a decrease in the overall mean RT of ES while it tended to increase the RT scores of Is. P did not, however, have an effect on the PI responding of Es and Is. Discussion of these results centered on certain parallels between the performance of introverts and schizophrenic subjects concerning deficits in attention during RT performance.
Shear Strength of Normal Strength Concrete Beams Reinforced with Deformed GFRP Bars

This paper evaluates the shear strength, Vc, of intermediate length (2.5 ρb, were tested with three replicate beams per design. All samples failed as a result of diagonal-tension shear. Measured shear strengths at failure are compared with theoretical predictions calculated according to traditional steel-reinforced concrete procedures and recently published expressions intended for beams reinforced with GFRP. Recommendations are made regarding the adequacy of shear strength prediction equations for GFRP-reinforced members. The study concludes that shear capacity is significantly overestimated by the “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary” (ACI 318-99) expression for, Vc, as a result of the large crack widths, small compression block, and reduced dowel action in ...
Luminescence dating of late Pleistocene proximal glacial sediments in the Olympic Mountains, Washington

Abstract Late Pleistocene glacial sediments from the South Fork Hoh River valley in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA, were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) on quartz sand. High sediment supply typical of glacial environments, short transport distances, and sediment newly eroded from bedrock sources were expected to pose problems for luminescence dating. Samples were collected from five distinct sedimentary facies, using approximated distances from the ice-front, to assess how luminescence results varied due to these factors and to determine which samples produced the most reliable age estimates. Results from the South Fork Hoh highlight the importance of transport environment and sedimentary facies on solar resetting. Sediments from better-sorted, ice-distal environments were determined to be more completely bleached and more reliable for OSL dating. Samples were collected as part of larger research goals to improve understanding of the glacial history of the South Fork Hoh River valley.
An Evaluation of Three Triaxial Systems With Results From 0.1 to 100 MPa

This paper evaluates the results of triaxial tests carried out over a very wide range of effective stresses using custom-built triaxial systems specially developed for testing at low, medium, and high pressures. These tests were performed on samples of resedimented Boston Blue Clay, and good reproducibility is demonstrated across testing devices. A novel approach was taken to evaluate the effect of apparatus compressibility of the drainage system on the measured undrained shear behavior, as this issue becomes increasingly important for triaxial testing at high stresses. The effect of apparatus compressibility on triaxial shear results was evaluated by comparing the volume of pore fluid necessary to develop the drained strength of a specimen to the volume of flow caused by apparatus compressibility. This method is more illustrative and intuitive for undrained triaxial testing of saturated specimens than the traditional approach of using a specimen's B-value. Triaxial test results show a consistent decrease in both undrained strength ratio and critical state friction angle over the effective stress range of 0.1 to 100 MPa for each overconsolidation ratio investigated. The conventional assumption made in soil models that fine-grained soils exhibit constant normalized strength properties is therefore shown to be invalid when these properties are viewed over a significant range of effective stresses.
Abstract A30: MKP-1 negatively regulates Il-1beta in the oral tumor microenvironment

Head and neck cancer accounts for approximately 6% of diagnosed malignancies in the United States, the most common form being head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors have been shown to play a critical role in various steps of malignant transformation, many of which are regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). These kinases are negatively regulated by MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), the founding member of this class being mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). MKP-1 is often over-expressed in early stages of epithelial malignancies with levels of expression falling progressively in tumors of higher histological grade. As MKP-1 is a crucial negative regulator of innate immunity, we hypothesized MKP-1 inhibits tumor-promoting inflammation in the HNSCC microenvironment. MKP-1 deficient animals treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide to induce HNSCC formation showed a significant increase in tumor development, characterized by tumor onset, size, histological grade, and inflammation. Tumor tissues expressed increased levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by qPCR and altered MAPK activity by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. In particular, Il-1beta was significantly increased in MKP-1 deficient tumors as well as primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. These data suggest MKP-1 inhibits oral cancer progression by regulating Il-1beta expression. Elucidating the regulation of this inflammatory mediator in the tumor microenvironment may reveal critical tumor suppressive interactions mediated by MKP-1 that are lost during cancer progression. Citation Format: Xiaoyi Zhang, Hong Yu, Keith L. Kirkwood. MKP-1 negatively regulates Il-1beta in the oral tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A30. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A30
Effect of shear on duct wall impedance

The solution to the equation governing the propagation of sound in a uniform shear layer is expressed in terms of parabolic cylinder functions. This result is used to develop a closed-form solution for acoustic wall impedance which accounts for both the duct liner and the presence of a boundary layer in the duct. The effective wall impedance can then be used as the boundary condition for the much simpler problem of sound propagation in uniform flow.
Conditional‐Yield Operating Rules for Low‐Flow Management

A family of reservoir operating rules, termed \Iconditional-yield operating rules,\N is developed for operation of water quality storage in a multipurpose reservoir. Conditional-yield rules generalize safe-yield rules in a straightforward fashion. An important feature of conditional-yield rules is that they can be represented as parametric operating rules, that is, operating rules for which release is specified as a function of previous inflow and a vector of operating parameters. Conditional-yield rules have a natural relationship with a maximum-yield problem. Solution of the maximum-yield problem specifies not only yield of the system but also operating parameters required for implementing the rules. A key feature of the statistical framework proposed for development of reservoir operating rules is that the random component of the problem, reservoir inflow, is treated in a nonparametric framework. Procedures are applied to water quality operation of Jennings Randolph reservoir, a multipurpose reservoir located in the headwaters of the Potomac River basin. It is shown that large increases in the average yield from water quality storage can be achieved, relative to safe-yield rules, with only a modest increase in the risk of not meeting a minimum-flow threshold.
Macroscopic emission non-uniformity in thermionic cathodes due to profilimetry variation

Summary form only given. Micron-scale ridges, introduced by the surface machining of thermionic dispenser cathodes, may lead to significant angular variations in the macroscopic current density on ring-shaped cathodes commonly used in gyrotrons or flat cathodes used in traveling wave tubes. Most gyrotrons utilize thermionic dispenser cathodes operating in the temperature limited regime. Non-uniform emission in gyrotrons leads to mode competition, mode hopping, efficiency degradation, and severe local heating in the collector region. Insofar as emission non-uniformity can be related to small-scale differences in surface geometry, a theoretical analysis of the angular dependence of field enhancement variation induced by machining processes is topical to electron source technologies that are not operated in the space charge limited regime. Recent studies of ring-shaped gyrotron cathodes show large scale angular variation in emission current from quadrant to quadrant, with adjacent quadrants differing by as much as a factor of two. Thermionic dispenser cathodes are generally machined to make their emission area smooth, but the machining process introduces parallel micron-scale ridges along the surface. Conical cathodes are, moreover, rotated about an axis as they are machined: if asymmetries are introduced by a slight wobble about the axis of symmetry plus a small ellipsoidal characteristic of the cathode cross-section, then the first three terms of a Fourier transform of the emission as a function of angle may be inferred to account for most of the variation that experimentally observed. It is unlikely that large scale quadrant variations can be caused by the random, microscopic variations in the low work function coatings or field enhancement factors due to protrusions on the cathode surface, or by variations in the heating coil used to elevate the cathode temperature
Geomorphologic relationships and ages of soils on alluvial fans in the Rio General Valley, Costa Rica

Abstract Soil-geomorphic relationships on alluvial fans in the Rio General Valley, Costa Rica, show that the sequence of alluvial fan surfaces and soil development on them is related chiefly to uplift of the bordering mountain ranges and not significantly to climatic change. The oldest and most strongly developed soils are found only on the highest surfaces; successively younger and less-developed soils have lower positions. Oxisols characterize the oldest surfaces, Alfisols the intermediate ones, and Entisols the youngest surfaces. Minimum ages of these surfaces are estimated, from the extrapolation of sedimentation rates, solum development rates, and the rate of channel incision based on two radiocarbon dates, to range from about 45,000 to 65,000 years for the oldest, to approximately 100 years for the most recent surface. Pedons representative of the soils on the principal alluvial surfaces are described in terms of the physical, chemical, and mineralogic characteristic. We propose that the soils studied are a chrono-catena that represents soils development through time for this region, and can be used to establish a minimum time scale by which to guage stage and rate of soil development in a humid tropical environment.
Lysis of clots in serum by proteolytic enzymes other than trypsin and plasmin.

Abstract A method of study has been shown that should put the use of enzymes on a better basis than the one previously known. Since this paper was submitted for publication a study of the use of a protease from Aspergillus oryzae was published in Angiology 17(9):661, September, 1966, by John E. Giering, Ph.D., and Aldo P. Truant, Ph.D. Autologous blood was allowed to clot in a special framework within a tube, and this clot was returned to the jugular vein of the dog.
The Environmental Action and Philosophy Matrix: An Exploratory Study of the Environmental Attitudes of Recreation Management and Environmental Studies Students

This study is a comparative analysis of the environmental philosophies of college undergraduates enrolled in a Midwestern university. Two courses were used for the research, one from a recreation management curriculum and the other from environmental studies. The study utilized a survey instrument called the Environmental Action and Philosophy Matrix to determine the extent to which students’ environmental attitudes are based on scientific or religious rationale, as well as anthropocentric or biocentric perspectives. Findings show students to possess scientific underpinnings for their viewpoints, regardless of anthropocentric or biocentric tendencies. In addition, the environmental studies students displayed more biocentric attitudes than the recreation management students.
Quick Aeromechanical Assessment of Turbine Blades Based on Shell Element Based Models

A fast finite element model based tool has been developed to calculate the natural frequencies of fundamental modes of cooled gas turbine bladed disk assemblies during conceptual design. The tool uses shell elements to model the airfoil, shank, and disk, and achieves order of magnitude reduction in computation time allowing exploration of a wide design space at the preliminary design stages. The analysis includes prestress effects due to centrifugal loading and approximate temperature loading on the parts. Sensitivity studies are performed to understand the relative impact of design features such as airfoil internal geometry, bond coat, and thermal barrier coating on the system natural frequencies. Critical features are selected which need to be modeled to get an accurate natural frequency estimate. The results obtained are shown to be within 5% of the frequencies obtained from a full-fidelity finite element model. A case study performed on seven blade designs illustrates the use of this tool for quick aeromechanical assessment of a large number of designs.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Anonymous Speakers and Confidential Sources: Using Shield Laws When They Overlap Online

The development of the Internet as a mass medium has created new tensions between the rights to speak anonymously and to be protected against defamation. Some courts have developed balancing tests to determine when anonymous speakers should be unmasked, the most popular of which generally require some initial showing of prima facie evidence. Other times, shield laws have been used to protect the anonymous when comments have been posted on news organization Web sites. However, news organizations should be cautious when using shield laws to protect anonymity, and judges should evaluate privilege claims as they always have. In other instances, anonymity appears to be adequately protected by summary judgment balancing tests. An approach in which news organizations focus on the type of comment and its potential journalistic contribution in deciding how to protect commenters’ identities could help ensure that anonymous speech is properly protected without harming shield laws.
Nesterov’s Smoothing and Excessive Gap Methods for an Optimization Problem in VLSI Placement

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for a nonsmooth convex optimization problem arising in very large-scale integrated circuit placement. The objective function is the sum of a large number of Half-Perimeter Wire Length (HPWL) functions and a strongly convex function. The algorithm is based on Nesterov’s smoothing and excessive gap techniques. The main advantage of the algorithm is that it can capture the HPWL information in the process of optimization, and every subproblem has an explicit solution in the process of optimization. The convergence rate of the algorithm is $$O(1/k^{2}),$$ where k is the iteration counter, which is optimal. We also present preliminary experiments on nine placement contest benchmarks. Numerical examples confirm the theoretical results.
Adrenal Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Patients with Adrenocortical Autoantibodies

Autoantibodies to the adrenal cortex (AA) were sought by indirect immunofluorescence using unfixed human adrenal tissue in 1675 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD), 2032 relatives of patients with IDD, and 2543 normal subjects. The frequencies of AA were significantly greater in patients with IDD (1.8%) and their relatives (1.4%) than in normal subjects (0.6% P < 0.013). Women more frequently had AA than men (P < 0.011). There were no differences in the frequencies of AA between caucasoid and black individuals in all three patient groups. Patients with AA had higher frequencies of thyroid microsomal and gastric parietal cell autoantibodies than age-, sex-, and race-matched normal subjects (P < 0.01). Adrenal function was studied in 30 asymptomatic patients (13 with AA, including 5 with IDD, and 17 subjects with no AA,including 8 with IDD). The mean plasma levels of ACTH at 0600 and 2000 h were significantly higher in those with AA than n i matched subjects with no AA (P < 0.01). The mean PRA le...