cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microarray analysis of global gene regulation in the Cry1Ab-resistant and Cry1Ab-susceptible strains of Diatraea saccharalis.

BACKGROUND: Extensive adoption of transgenic Bt corn in recent years for stalk borer control has increased risk of resistance evolution in the target pest populations. A Bt-resistant strain of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, was approximately 100-fold more tolerant to Cry1Ab toxin than the susceptible counterpart. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Bt resistance, the Cry1Ab-susceptible (Cry1Ab-SS) and Cry1Ab-resistant (Cry1Ab-RR) strains of D. saccharalis were subjected to a microarray analysis. RESULTS: Results showed that the expression levels of many genes were significantly different between the Cry1Ab-RR and Cry1Ab-SS strains. Microarray analysis of 7145 cDNAs revealed 384 differentially expressed genes. A total of 273 genes were significantly upregulated 2–51.6-fold, and 111 genes were significantly downregulated 2–22.6-fold in the Cry1Ab-RR strain. The upregulation of three potential resistance-related genes, coding for a glutathione S-transferase (GST), a chymotrypsin-like protease (CHY) and a lipase (LP), was confirmed using real-time PCR, indicating a reproducibility of the microarray data. Ontology analysis revealed that more than twice the number of metabolic-related genes were upregulated compared with downregulated genes with the same biological function. Up to 35.2% of the upregulated genes in the resistant strain were associated with catalytic activity, while only 9.5% of the downregulated genes were related to the same catalytic molecular function. CONCLUSION: The large portion of metabolic- or catalytic-related genes with significant upregulations indicated a potential large increase in metabolic or catalytic activities in the Cry1Ab-RR strain. This cDNA microarray gene expression data could be used to characterize and identify new genes that may be associated with Bt resistance in D. saccharalis. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Prospective Trial of Synchronous Bevacizumab, Erlotinib, and Concurrent Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: We assessed the safety and efficacy of synchronous VEGF and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade with concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) in locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). Experimental Design: Newly diagnosed patients with stage III/IV HNC received a 2-week lead-in of bevacizumab and/or erlotinib, followed by both agents with concurrent cisplatin and twice daily radiotherapy. Safety was assessed using Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical complete response (CR) rate after CRT. Results: Twenty-nine patients enrolled on study, with 27 completing therapy. Common grade III toxicities were mucositis ( n = 14), dysphagia ( n = 8), dehydration ( n = 7), osteoradionecrosis ( n = 3), and soft tissue necrosis ( n = 2). Feeding tube placement was required in 79% but no patient remained dependent at 12-month posttreatment. Clinical CR after CRT was 96% [95% confidence interval (CI), 82%–100%]. Median follow-up was 46 months in survivors, with 3-year locoregional control and distant metastasis-free survival rates of 85% and 93%. Three-year estimated progression-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival rates were 82%, 89%, and 86%, respectively. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) analysis showed that patients who had failed had lower baseline pretreatment median K trans values, with subsequent increases after lead-in therapy and 1 week of CRT. Patients who did not fail had higher median K trans values that decreased during therapy. Conclusions: Dual VEGF/EGFR inhibition can be integrated with CRT in locally advanced HNC, with efficacy that compares favorably with historical controls albeit with an increased risk of osteoradionecrosis. Pretreatment and early DCE-MRI may prospectively identify patients at high risk of failure. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1404–14. ©2012 AACR .
A new photoaffinity-labeled derivative of mitochondrial cytochrome c.

Abstract Three lysine residues of horse heart cytochrome c were modified by reaction with methyl-4-mercaptobutyrimidate hydrochloride and the free SH group of the latter was covalently linked to p-azidophenacyl bromide yielding a photoaffinity-labeled cytochrome c . The photoaffinity-labeled cytochrome c was bound by irradiation into a covalent complex with cytochrome c oxidase.
Nonlinear gyrokinetic Maxwell-Vlasov equations using magnetic co-ordinates

A gyrokinetic formalism using magnetic coordinates is used to derive self-consistent, nonlinear Maxwell-Vlasov equations that are suitable for particle simulation studies of finite-..beta.. tokamak microturbulence and its associated anomalous transport. The use of magnetic coordinates is an important feature of this work as it introduces the toroidal geometry naturally into our gyrokinetic formalism. The gyrokinetic formalism itself is based on the use of the Action-variational Lie perturbation method of Cary and Littlejohn, and preserves the Hamiltonian structure of the original Maxwell-Vlasov system. Previous nonlinear gyrokinetic sets of equations suitable for particle simulation analysis have considered either electrostatic and shear-Alfven perturbations in slab geometry, or electrostatic perturbations in toroidal geometry. In this present work, fully electromagnetic perturbations in toroidal geometry are considered. 26 refs.
Anticorrosive conductive polyurethane multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

Conductive polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite coatings filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) fabricated by employing an in situ surface-initiated-polymerization (SIP) method were tested for corrosion prevention of stainless steel (SS). The nanocomposites exhibited a good response of electrical conductivity change to the strain during the cyclic tensile strain test. The anticorrosion properties of these nanocomposite coatings on the SS surface were evaluated in 3.0 wt% NaCl aqueous solution by monitoring the open circuit potential (Eocp) and tracing quasi-stationary polarization (Tafel) of the nanocomposite-coated stainless steel (MWNT/PU–SS) electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was also obtained to give an insight into the anticorrosion protection of SS. The nanocomposite displayed a good chemical stability over long immersion in a corrosive environment. A significant positive shift of nearly 1.0 V in the Eocp was observed from the Eocp–time curve. Extrapolation of Tafel plots gave a much more positive corrosion potential (Ecorr) and a lower corrosion current (Icorr). A protection efficiency as high as 97.70% was obtained. An equivalent circuit of the coating was proposed to fit the EIS data, confirming an effective corrosion protection for SS. The results indicate that the polyurethane matrix combined with the well dispersed MWNT reinforcements provided a significant physical barrier against the attack of corrosive ions in the solution for SS while providing a channel for the conductivity.
Chiropractic episodes and the co-occurrence of chiropractic and health services use among older Medicare beneficiaries.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to define and characterize episodes of chiropractic care among older Medicare beneficiaries and to evaluate the extent to which chiropractic services were used in tandem with conventional medicine. Methods Medicare Part B claims histories for 1991 to 2007 were linked to the nationally representative survey on Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old baseline interviews (1993-1994) to define episodes of chiropractic sensitive care using 4 approaches. Chiropractic and nonchiropractic patterns of service use were examined within these episodes of care. Of the 7447 Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old participants, 971 used chiropractic services and constituted the analytic sample. Results There were substantial variations in the number and duration of episodes and the type and volume of services used across the 4 definitions. Depending on how the episode was constructed, the mean number of episodes per chiropractic user ranged from 3.74 to 23.12, the mean episode duration ranged from 4.7 to 28.8 days, the mean number of chiropractic visits per episode ranged from 0.88 to 2.8, and the percentage of episodes with co-occurrent use of chiropractic and nonchiropractic providers ranged from 4.9% to 10.9% over the 17-year period. Conclusion Treatment for back-related musculoskeletal conditions was sought from a variety of providers, but there was little co-occurrent service use or coordinated care across provider types within care episodes. Chiropractic treatment dosing patterns in everyday practice were much lower than that used in clinical trial protocols designed to establish chiropractic efficacy for back-related conditions.
Sensitivity of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection of codon 249 mutations in the p53 gene compared with RFLP.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has several major etiological risk factors, including infection with hepatitis viruses and exposure to aflatoxin B1. A specific missense mutation resulting from a guanine to thymine transversion at the third position of codon 249 in the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been reported in 10–70% of HCCs from areas of high dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1. This mutation has not only been detected in tumor samples but has also been measured in DNA isolated from the blood of patients with HCC in two separate studies by two independent methods: RFLP and short oligonucleotide mass analysis (SOMA), an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry technique. To compare the relative sensitivities of these methodologies, a set of serially diluted samples was analyzed by both techniques. The detection limits of RFLP and SOMA were 6% and 2.4% mutant alleles in the presence of wild-type alleles, respectively. When the DNA samples were predigested with Hae III before SOMA, the detection limit was improved to 0.4% mutant allele in the presence of wild-type alleles. We have therefore found that SOMA is about 2.5–15-fold more sensitive than RFLP for detection of specific p53 mutations. A set of 26 DNA samples from HCC and normal liver was analyzed by RFLP and SOMA, and 5 samples were positive for the p53 mutation. An additional 4 samples were found to be positive for the mutation when SOMA was repeated after Hae III predigestion.
Immunomodulation by Hepatitis B and Related Viruses

Immunodeficiency disorders may occur as a result of one or more defects within the immune system spanning stem cell deficiencies, through immunoregulatory dysfunction, to a restricted failure to recognize or mount an immune response against certain antigens. The identification of these defects is complicated by their secondary effects, or by opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised host. Although the extent to which viral infections can initiate these deficits remains to be evaluated in most cases, the active role of many viruses in inducing immunosuppression is well established.
Photometric Determination of Polyphenols in Particulate Matter

The evidence indicates that polyphenols could play a role in our understanding of the physiological activities of the aerocarcinogens and aeroallergens. Quantitative extractions of polar organic molecules containing hydroxy1 groups from complex mixtures containing inorganic and organic components was found to be an extremely difficult problem that will necessitate many studies before the best solutions will be found. In this preliminary study it was necessary to investigate the extractability of polyphenols from various types of particles. The procedure of analysis then had to be adapted to the solvent chosen for extraction. On this basis a group of colorimetric and fluorimetric methods were developed for the analysis of the polyphenols. The methods were applied to the analysis of airborne particulates, airborne pollen and fungi and dusts of various kinds.
Rethinking Procurement in the Era of Globalization

The role of procurement within global companies has changed dramatically over the past 25 years from that of simply buying goods and services to overseeing an integrated set of management functions. This brings new challenges and opportunities to procurement. Offshoring and the increased emphasis on specialization and fragmentation of production enhance the strategic character of procurement decisions. Increasingly, procurement decisions have become intertwined with strategic management in general. In this article, the authors discuss the changes in procurement from the perspective of transaction cost economics. They separate transaction costs into �soft� and �hard� costs and differentiate between the internal and external factors that affect these costs. In making procurement decisions, the authors argue, managers need to consider the full range of cost elements. In addition to traditional transaction costs such as transport costs and tariffs, managers need to recognize such elements as cultural and legal differences, government regulation, social preferences, environmental issues, political stability and risks involved in unethical business behavior. The authors argue that knowing the risks and opportunities of the different exposures is a critical management competence. Although management decisions originate in many different parts of the company, procurement managers need to keep a close eye on the various cost exposures and flag concerns as they arise. Procurement, therefore, will need to become more closely connected with strategic decisions throughout the company. This broader view represents a major extension of the concept of total cost of ownership in procurement decisions. Global sourcing creates many new opportunities for value creation, which well-run companies must learn to take advantage of.
Research in the Behavioral Sciences: A Review Essay

The article reviews the books “The Logic of Social Inquiry,” by Scott Greer and “An Introduction to Social Research,” by Hubert M. Blalock Jr.
Evaluation of Bacterial Effects on Folic Acid Loss in Fortified, Nixtamalized Corn Masa Flour

Many Mexican women are deficient in folic acid. Fortification of the corn tortilla could be an effective way to help increase the folic acid levels among the Mexican population. Previous studies have shown significant folic acid losses in the masa dough as it is held before baking. This loss in folic acid could be owing to utilization by lactic acid bacteria naturally present in the masa. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of bacteria native to corn masa on the folic acid content in masa. Bacteria in dough samples from six mills in Guadalajara, Mexico, were isolated and identified. Bacterial isolates were inoculated into sterile fortified corn masa flour, which was converted to masa and held at 56°C for 0, 3, and 6 h, replicating the conditions of freshly milled masa as held before baking. All samples, including the control, showed losses of folic acid between 66 and 79% w/w in the first 3 h of incubation. Because folic acid degradation in the sterile control sample was not different ...
The Pulitzer Prize Photographs: Capture the Moment: By Cyma Rubin and Eric Newton, eds. Arlington, VA: Newseum, 2000. 208 pp.

(2001). The Pulitzer Prize Photographs: Capture the Moment. American Journalism: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 95-97.
Delayed Light Studies on Photosynthetic Energy Conversion VI. Effects of Phosphorylation Inhibitors on Delayed Light in the Millisecond Time Range

The delayed light which ARNOLD and STREHLER found in 1951 to be emitted from all photosynthetic systems is now being recognized as a reliable measure of photosynthetic energy storage between loss of excitation from the chlorophyll singlet (10–9 sec) (BRODY & RABINOWITCH 1957, DIMITRIEVSKY et al. 1957, BUTLER & NORRIS 1963) and production of chemical free energy in the electron transport chain (10–2 sec in the steady-state) (EMERSON & ARNOLD 1932). This delayed singlet emission from chlorophyll is clearly due to low probability re-excitation of chlorophyll by back reactions of photosynthetic energy conversion at photoreaction II (BERTSCH et al. 1967) (as defined by DUYSENS et al. 1961). However, the delayed light may also be affected by “high energy states” or “high energy intermediates” of photosynthetic phosphorylation.
Raman Barcode for Counterfeit Drug Product Detection.

Potential infiltration of counterfeit drug products—containing the wrong or no active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)—into the bona fide drug supply poses a significant threat to consumers worldwide. Raman spectroscopy offers a rapid, nondestructive avenue to screen a high throughput of samples. Traditional qualitative Raman identification is typically done with spectral correlation methods that compare the spectrum of a reference sample to an unknown. This is often effective for pure materials but is quite challenging when dealing with drug products that contain different formulations of active and inactive ingredients. Typically, reliable identification of drug products using common spectral correlation algorithms can only be made if the specific product under study is present in the library of reference spectra, thereby limiting the scope of products that can be screened. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the Raman barcode for identification of drug products by comparing the known peaks in the...
An Improved Envelope Fitting Algorithm for the Empirical Mode Decomposition

Due to the envelope fitting problem exists in the process of empirical mode decomposition,an improved algorithm was proposed which could eliminate the undershoot phenomenon exactly. Firstly,in this improved algorithm,the cubic spline interpolation was used to determine the regions of undershoot which generated during the execution of envelope fitting.Secondly,the envelope intervals of undershoot regions were compensated by the monotone piecewise cubic polynomial interpolation. The original signal could be wrapped tightly by this modified envelope,which did not affect the characteristics of signal itself,and could keep the smoothness of previous envelope as well as possible. The simulation results showed that the undershoot phenomenon caused by cubic spline interpolation could be effectively eliminated and the envelope could be obtained better by this algorithm. In addition,the accuracy of empirical mode decomposition could be further improved.
Data and Analytic Practices

This chapter provides an overview of data collection along with an introduction to principles of transcription and analysis. Because transcription and analysis are inseparable, CA symbols, terms, and concepts are illustrated by excerpts from the current data, and examples are accompanied by notes on the potential interactional significance of paying close attention to the particulars of sound production as well as non-vocal actions.
Seniority, political experience, and support for government spending in the US House: a culture of spending?

Payne (1991a) postulates that there is a “culture of spending” in the US Congress, whereby members of Congress are socialized to increase their roll-call support for more spending as a function of length of service and exposure to the Washington culture. In this article we develop and test an expanded model of roll-call voting on spending matters, focusing on two potential sources of socialization effects: (1) exposure to the Washington culture of spending, primarily through seniority and proximity to Washington, DC, and (2) previous political experiences developed before members are elected to Congress. Using data for US House members from the 93rd through the 107th Congresses, we estimate a series of models in which we explain National Taxpayer Union scores as a function of seniority, previous political experience, personal attributes, and a range of constituency variables. We find strong and consistent seniority and political experience effects, with senior members and those with extensive political experience more likely to support greater spending than other members. These findings withstand a range of robustness tests.
Female mice lacking Xist RNA show partial dosage compensation and survive to term

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) compensates for differences in X-chromosome number between male and female mammals. XCI is orchestrated by Xist RNA, whose expression in early development leads to transcriptional silencing of one X chromosome in the female. Knockout studies have established a requirement for Xist with inviability of female embryos that inherit an Xist deletion from the father. Here, we report that female mice lacking Xist RNA can, surprisingly, develop and survive to term. Xist-null females are born at lower frequency and are smaller at birth, but organogenesis is mostly normal. Transcriptomic analysis indicates significant overexpression of hundreds of X-linked genes across multiple tissues. Therefore, Xist-null mice can develop to term in spite of a deficiency of dosage compensation. However, the degree of X-autosomal dosage imbalance was less than anticipated (1.14-fold to 1.36-fold). Thus, partial dosage compensation can be achieved without Xist, supporting the idea of inherent genome balance. Nevertheless, to date, none of the mutant mice has survived beyond weaning stage. Sudden death is associated with failure of postnatal organ maturation. Our data suggest Xist-independent mechanisms of dosage compensation and demonstrate that small deviations from X-autosomal balance can have profound effects on overall fitness.
Polarized $^3$He$^{+2}$ ions in the Alternate Gradient Synchrotron to RHIC transfer line

The proposed electron-hadron collider (eRHIC) to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) will allow the collisions of 20 GeV polarized electrons with 250 GeV polarized protons, or $100\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{n}$ polarized ${^{3}\mathrm{He}}^{+2}$ ions, or other unpolarized ion species. The large value of the anomalous magnetic moment of the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nucleus ${G}_{\mathrm{He}}=(g\ensuremath{-}2)/2=\ensuremath{-}4.184$ (where $g$ is the $g$-factor of the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nuclear spin) combined with the peculiar layout of the transfer line which transports the beam bunches from the Alternate Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) makes the transfer and injection of polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ ions from AGS to RHIC (AtR) a special case as we explain in the paper. Specifically in this paper we calculate the stable spin direction of a polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ beam at the exit of the AtR line which is also the injection point of RHIC, and we discuss a simple modifications of the AtR beam-transfer-line, to perfectly match the stable spin direction of the injected polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ beam to that of the circulating beam, at the injection point of RHIC.
The NFAT Family: Structure, Regulation, and Biological Functions

Publisher Summary This chapter sheds light on the structure, regulation, and biological functions of the NFAT family, which is a family of transcription factors. The primordial NFAT family member NFAT5/TonEBP is expressed ubiquitously in mammalian cells and regulates the response to hypertonic stress. NFAT5 is also likely to be involved in regulating diverse other biological programs. The DNA binding domains of all NFAT and NFкB/Rel family members have two domains, an N-terminal specificity domain involved in making base specific DNA contacts, and a C-terminal domain involved in dimer formation. Together these domains constitute the Rel homology region (RHR) common to all members of the extended NFAT/NFкB/Rel family. NFAT proteins can also function as dimeric transcription factors at quasi-palindromic sites that resemble NFкB binding sites. The calcium regulated NFAT proteins are activated by ligand binding to a variety of cell surface receptors. The common feature of the receptors is their ability to activate phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C (PLC), thereby inducing calcium influx across the plasma membrane. NFAT dependent gene transcription is exquisitely sensitive to changes in intracellular calcium concentration. Even in the continuous presence of stimulus, levels may oscillate depending on specific parameters of receptor occupancy and desensitization. Interaction with calcineurin is central to the calcium responsiveness of NFAT1-4. The major calcineurin docking site on NFAT is located at the N-terminus of the regulatory domain and has the consensus sequence PxIxIT. Substitution of the PxIxIT sequence of NFAT1 with a higher affinity version obtained by peptide selection increases the basal sensitivity of NFAT.
Talking modelling: examining secondary science teachers’ modelling-related talk during a model-based inquiry unit

This study examines the classroom talk about models and modelling of two secondary science teachers implementing a model-based inquiry instructional unit. The goal was to better understand the oppo...
Early Morning Variation in Plasma Renin Activity in Normal, Recumbent Humans

I should like to discuss with you some interesting preliminary clinical observations. As part of a larger study involving the interaction between renin and adrenal and pituitary hormones in normal humans and hypertensive subjects, we have had the opportunity to study plasma renin levels in normal recumbent humans at 20 minute intervals in the early morning hours during normal and low dietary sodium intake. This study has yielded interesting results in terms of the concepts of diurnal rhythmicity, demonstrated by others for plasma renin activity (1).
Lunotriquetral coalition and ulnar impaction syndrome: a pictorial essay.

Abstract Lunotriquetral coalition and ulnar impaction syndrome are among the spectrum of pathology encountered at the medial wrist. The co-existence of these entities in the same wrist is rare. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to present the etiology, clinical course, imaging findings, and treatment of lunotriquetral coalition and ulnar impaction syndrome, and co-existing disease.
Characterization of electrophilicity and oxidative potential of atmospheric carbonyls

Carbonyls are reactive and electrophilic compounds found ubiquitously in the atmosphere. The interactions between atmospheric carbonyls and biological nucleophiles (e.g., thiol-containing compounds) have important implications on their toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, we used combined computational and experimental approaches to assess the reactivities of atmospheric carbonyls in respect to their electrophilic properties. Global electrophilicity indexes (ω) were calculated based on density functional theory. The reactivities of carbonyls with thiols were assessed using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay as a surrogate of biological nucleophilic antioxidants. The computational results indicated that the ω of a given carbonyl compound is largely influenced by its molecular structure and adjacent functional groups. The calculated ω values showed a strong linear correlation with the logarithm of measured carbonyl mass-normalized DTT consumption rates (r2 = 0.8378 and 0.9899 for simple and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, respectively). The removal of DTT through the nucleophilic addition pathway was confirmed by the detection of carbonyl-DTT adducts using the gas chromatography/electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) technique. Our results demonstrated that electrophilicity index can be potentially used as a molecular descriptor to predict toxicity of atmospheric carbonyls towards thiol-containing biomolecules. This work also highlights the significance of carbonyls in interpreting DTT-based aerosol oxidative potential.
Microwave Induced Membrane Distillation for Enhanced Ethanol–Water Separation on a Carbon Nanotube Immobilized Membrane

This article demonstrates the enhanced organic separation via microwave-induced sweep gas membrane distillation from its aqueous mixture. Microwave heated ethanol–water mixtures were separated on p...
Treatment-resistant severe capecitabine-induced diarrhoea resolved with oral budesonide

Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CID) is a risk of antineoplastic regimens, often associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan and capecitabine. Current treatment guidelines for CID include the use of loperamide and octreotide but do not account for other therapies, including budesonide. Small case reports have shown benefit with budesonide in CID secondary to 5-FU and irinotecan, but there is no literature base addressing budesonide use in CID secondary to capecitabine. We describe a case of a patient with severe capecitabine-induced diarrhoea that was refractory to guideline based therapy but resolved with the use of budesonide.
Translating research into practice: Protocol for a community-engaged, stepped wedge randomized trial to reduce disparities in breast cancer treatment through a regional patient navigation collaborative.

Abstract Background Racial and socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer mortality persist. In Boston, MA, Black, Non-Hispanic women and Medicaid-insured individuals are 2–3 times more likely to have delays in treatment compared to White or privately insured women. While evidence-based care coordination strategies for reducing delays exist, they are not systematically implemented across healthcare settings. Methods Translating Research Into Practice (TRIP) utilizes community engaged research methods to address breast cancer care delivery disparities. Four Massachusetts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) hubs collaborated with the Boston Breast Cancer Equity Coalition (The Coalition) to implement an evidence-based care coordination intervention for Boston residents at risk for delays in breast cancer care. The Coalition used a community-driven process to define the problem of care delivery disparities, identify the target population, and develop a rigorous pragmatic approach. We chose a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation study design. The intervention implements three evidence-based strategies: patient navigation services, a shared patient registry for use across academic medical centers, and a web-based social determinants of health platform to identify and address barriers to care. Primary clinical outcomes include time to first treatment and receipt of guideline-concordant treatment, which are captured through electronic health records abstraction. We will use mixed methods to collect the secondary implementation outcomes of acceptability, adoption/penetration, fidelity, sustainability and cost. Conclusion TRIP utilizes an innovative community-driven research strategy, focused on interdisciplinary collaborations, to design and implement a translational science study that aims to more efficiently integrate proven health services interventions into clinical practice.
Reply to Professor Rothstein

Responding to a critique of A Foundation Theory of Evidence, 100 Geo. L.J. 95 (2011), this essay argues that plausible but improbable assertions of fact cannot be relevant evidence, which requires that an offered fact be both relevant and evidence.
Beyond Asian-Specific Cutoffs: Gender Effects on the Predictability of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Waist Circumference to Height Ratio on Hemoglobin A1c

This study examines the gender effect on the associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) when Asian-specific cutoffs are applied among Asians living in the USA. This study used the pooled 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to produce a sample of 900 Asians who were non-pregnant and non-Hispanic aged 20–65. Bivariate and general linear regression analyses were conducted based on gender and age group. The group variations of BMI, WC, and WHtR all exhibited different patterns between males and females. Among the bivariate correlations with HbA1c, WHtR was the strongest in males and WC was the strongest in females. All three measures performed better in predicting HbA1c among younger Asians. WC predicted more of the variance in HbA1c among females, whereas WHtR predicted more of the variance in HbA1c among males. WC and WHtR are two anthropometric measures that serve as appropriate proxy of HbA1c for gauging the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among Asians living in the USA. They can be easily performed at non-clinical settings and should be used by individuals to monitor their health and be a part of disease prevention.
Coarse-Grained Modeling of Pore Dynamics on the Red Blood Cell Membrane under Large Deformations

Transient pore formation on the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) under high mechanical tensions is of great importance in many biomedical applications, such as RBC damage (hemolysis) and mechanoporation-based drug delivery. The dynamic process of pore formation, growth, and resealing is hard to visualize in experiments. We developed a mesoscale coarse-grained model to study the characteristics of transient pores on a patch of the lipid bilayer that is strengthened by an elastic meshwork representing the cytoskeleton. Unsteady molecular dynamics was used to study the pore formation and reseal at high strain rates close to the physiological ranges. The critical strain for pore formation, pore characteristics, and cytoskeleton effects were studied. Results show that the presence of the cytoskeleton increases the critical strain of pore formation and confines the pore growth. Moreover, the pore recovery process under negative strain rates (compression) is analyzed. Simulations show that pores can remain open for a long time during the high-speed tank-treading induced stretching and compression process that a patch of the RBC membrane usually experiences under high shear flow. Furthermore, complex loading conditions can affect the pore characteristics and result in denser pores. Finally, the effects of strain rate on pore formation are analyzed. Higher rate stretching of membrane patch can result in a significant increase in the critical areal strain and density of pores. Such a model reveals the dynamic molecular process of RBC damage in biomedical devices and mechanoporation that, to our knowledge, has not been reported before.
THE RECURRENT NOVA T Pyx: DISTANCE AND REMNANT GEOMETRY FROM LIGHT ECHOES

The recurrent nova T Pyxidis (T Pyx) is well known for its small binary separation, its unusually high luminosity in quiescence, and the spectacular Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of its surrounding remnant. In 2011 April, T Pyx erupted for the first time since 1966. Here we describe HST observations in late 2011 of a transient reflection nebula around the erupting white dwarf. Our observations of this light echo in the pre-existing remnant show that it is dominated by a clumpy ring with a radius of about 5 �� and an inclination of 30 ◦ ‐40 ◦ , with the eastern edge tilted toward the observer. The delay times between the direct optical light from the central source and the scattering of this light from dust in several clumps with the same foreground distance as the central source give a distance to T Pyx of 4.8 ± 0.5 kpc. Given past evidence from two-dimensional optical spectra that the remnant contains a shell-like component, it must actually consist of a ring embedded within a quasi-spherical shell. The large distance of 4.8 kpc supports the contention that T Pyx has an extraordinarily high rate of mass transfer in quiescence, and thus that nova explosions themselves can enhance mass loss from a donor star, and reduce the time between eruptions in a close binary.
Orbital gyrotropic magnetoelectric effect and its strain engineering in monolayer Nb X 2

Electrical control of the orbital degrees of freedom is an important area of research in the emerging field of ``orbitronics.'' Orbital gyrotropic magnetoelectric effect (OGME) is the generation of an orbital magnetization in a nonmagnetic metal by an applied electric field. Here, we show that strain induces a large GME in the monolayer $\mathrm{Nb}{X}_{2}$ $(X=\mathrm{S}, \mathrm{Se})$ normal to the plane, primarily driven by the orbital moments of the Bloch bands as opposed to the conventional spin magnetization, without any need for spin-orbit coupling. The key physics is captured within an effective two-band valley-orbital model and it is shown to be driven by three key ingredients: the intrinsic valley orbital moment, broken ${C}_{3z}$ symmetry, and strain-induced Fermi surface changes. The effect can be furthermore switched by changing the strain condition, with potential for future device applications.
Introduction and Historical Background

This is a book about X-rays and about how they are created with synchrotron radiation and how they are used in X-ray spectroscopy. For many of us, our first encounter with X-rays is as a child in a dentist’s chair, or with a broken bone in the doctor’s office, or perhaps at an airport baggage inspection. Compared to other forms of electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light that we see with, infrared radiation that we feel as warmth on our skin, or microwaves that cook our food, X-rays have always seemed somewhat mysterious—perhaps vaguely associated with Superman in our subconscious. However, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1, X-rays are just another part of the continuous spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.
Prognostic Value of Third Cervical Vertebra Skeletal Muscle Index in Oral Cavity Cancer: A Retrospective Study

Objectives/hypothesis To assess the prognostic utility of third cervical vertebra skeletal muscle index (C3 SMI) measured from preoperative head and neck computed tomography (CT) in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Study design Retrospective study. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 125 patients who underwent primary curative surgery for OSCC between 2009 and 2017. Their preoperative C3 SMI was calculated by adjusting the C3 cross-sectional area delineated on head and neck CT by body height squared. A Cox proportional hazard model was employed to identify prognostic factors, and a novel nomogram based on C3 SMI was built for individualized survival prediction. Results In Kaplan-Meier analysis, high C3 SMI was significantly associated with higher 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than low C3 SMI. In multivariate analysis, low C3 SMI was an independent risk factor for poor DFS and OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.197; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.170-4.512, P = .032 and HR: 2.143; 95% CI, 1.232-3.728, P = .007, respectively). The concordance-index (C-index) of the nomogram based on C3 SMI was 0.814 for OS, higher than that of the nomogram based on tumor-node-metastasis staging alone (C-index = 0.731). Conclusions C3 SMI might serve as a novel prognosticator in OSCC patients undergoing curative surgery, and the nomogram based on C3 SMI might provide good prognostic discrimination ability for individualized survival prediction. Level of evidence IV Laryngoscope, 131:E2257-E2265, 2021.
Towards Reconciliation of Market Performance Measures to Stategic Management Research

Four research issues are identified that highlight the contrasting perspectives of strategic management and finance on event-study methodology. These issues then are used to evaluate five finance procedures used to calculate market-based performance measures. In each case, alternative procedures are recommended to make these measures more relevant both conceptually and statistically, for strategic management research.
Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index to Assess Central Venous Pressure in Perioperative Period Following Cardiac Surgery in Children

The inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI) is an ultrasound method used to assess central venous pressure (CVP). Our objective was to evaluate the correlation between IVCCI and CVP in children during the early period following surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD). Prospective study performed in a single tertiary care center. Patients ≤ 18 years old, who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for CHD, were enrolled. Ultrasound images of the inferior vena cava (IVC) were obtained at two time points; the first was within 2 h of arrival to the CICU and the second was 12–18 h from the first measurement. CVP measured by catheter placed during surgery was recorded within minutes of performing ultrasound. Maximum and minimum IVC diameters were measured by 2D images and M mode method. Seventy patients (47.1% males), with median age 7 months (IQR 4–47 months) and weight 6.9 kg (IQR 4.8–13.5 kg), were evaluated. The 2D IVCCI had inverse correlation with CVP in patients breathing spontaneously; r = − 0.76 (p < 0.01) and r = − 0.73 (p < 0.01), during the first and second measurements, respectively. The 2D IVCCI ≤ 0.24 had sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of 94%, 79%, and 88.9% , respectively, to detect CVP ≥ 10 mmHg. No correlation was found between IVCCI and CVP during positive pressure ventilation. There is a significant inverse correlation between 2D IVCCI and CVP in spontaneously breathing children after surgery for CHD. Use of 2D IVCCI for monitoring CVP could reduce the frequency and duration of CVP catheters and their inherent complications.
Voltage Divider and Current Divider

This chapter will describe the voltage divider circuit, current divider circuit, and the Wheatstone bridge. If the same current running through two resistors, the resistor with a larger resistance gets larger portion of the voltage. If the same voltage applied to two resistors, the resistor with a smaller resistance gets larger portion of the current.
Generation of polarization singularities using propagating cylindrical vector beams

In this work, we illustrate a simple approach of generating polarization singularities using cylindrical vector beams. We use a superposition of two free propagating Gaussian beams that modulated with optical vortices. The two cylindrical vector beams possess radially and azimuthally polarized components, respectively. By evaluating the Stokes parameters at the total beam focus of the total superimposed beam and tracking the null values of the Stokes parameters, various polarization singularities observed, such as star, lemon, spider-web, and high order polarization singularities.
Evaluation of the FitBark Activity Monitor for Measuring Physical Activity in Dogs.

Accelerometers track changes in physical activity which can indicate health and welfare concerns in dogs. The FitBark 2 (FitBark) is an accelerometer for use with dogs; however, no studies have externally validated this tool. The objective of this study was to evaluate FitBark criterion validity by correlating FitBark activity data to dog step count. Dogs (n = 26) were fitted with a collar-mounted FitBark and individually recorded for 30 min using a three-phase approach: (1) off-leash room explore; (2) human–dog interaction; and (3) on-leash walk. Video analysis was used to count the number of times the front right paw touched the ground (step count). Dog step count and FitBark activity were moderately correlated across all phases (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). High correlations between step count and FitBark activity were observed during phases 1 (r = 0.795, p < 0.001) and 2 (r = 0.758, p < 0.001), and a low correlation was observed during phase 3 (r = 0.498, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the FitBark is a valid tool for tracking physical activity in off-leash dogs; however, more work should be done to identify the best method of tracking on-leash activity.
fMRI findings in MTBI patients with headaches following rTMS.

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) patients with persistent headaches are known to have diminished supraspinal modulatory connectivity from their prefrontal cortices. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is able to alleviate MTBI-related headache (MTBI-HA). This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study assessed supraspinal correlates associated with the headache analgesic effect of rTMS at left prefrontal cortex (LPFC), hypothesizing real rTMS would significantly increase modulatory functions at LPFC in comparison to sham treatment. Subjects with MTBI-HA were randomized to receive either real or sham rTMS treatments and subjected to pre- and post-treatment resting state and evoked heat-pain fMRI as described in a prior study. Real rTMS consisted of 2000 pulses delivered at 10 Hz and 80% of the resting motor threshold at left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas sham treatment was delivered with same figure-of-eight coil turned 180 degrees. Follow-up fMRI was performed one-week post-treatment. All fMRI data was processed using BrainVoyager QX Software. 14 subjects receiving real and 12 subjects receiving sham treatments completed the study. The REAL group demonstrated significant (P < 0.02) decreases in headache frequency and intensity at one week following treatment. fMRI scans in the REAL group showed increased evoked heat pain activity (P < 0.002) and resting functional connectivity (P < 0.0001) at the LPFC after rTMS. Neither this significant analgesic effect nor these fMRI findings were seen in the sham group. Sham treatment was, however, associated with a decrease in resting state activity at the LPFC (P < 0.0001). This study correlates the demonstrated analgesic effect of rTMS in the treatment of MTBI-HA with enhanced supraspinal functional connectivity in the left prefrontal cortex, which is known to be involved in “top-down” pain inhibition along the descending midbrain-thalamic-cingulate pathway. Trial Registration: This study was registered on September 24, 2013, on ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier: NCT01948947. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01948947 .
Mathematics in the Yale Teachers Institute

The Yale Teachers Institute, a distinctive form of professional development for in-service teachers, is described, with special attention to the seminars focused on mathematics. The mathematical topics are chosen to be “educationally robust,” meaning that they are relevant to a broad range of K–12 grade levels. They feature ideas that help develop a conceptual understanding of the standard curriculum, but receive relatively little explicit attention in typical textbooks. Topics for mathematical seminars in recent years have included the sophisticated nature of base ten place-value notation, estimation and approximation, the use of the number line in providing a unified understanding of arithmetic, analysis of word problems, and the ideas of geometric measurement.