cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of multiple forms of actin

Multiple forms of actin have been found in a variety of mammalian cell lines and tissues by the use of high resolution, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. One form (alpha actin) was found only in differentiated muscle cells, and its synthesis is induced during myogenesis in culture. Two other forms (beta and gamma actin) are present in all nonmuscle cell types examined, and they continue to be synthesized in cultured muscle cells after fusion. Tryptic peptide comparisons have shown that muscle actin is distinguished from the two "nonmuscle" actins by several peptide differences, and that the two non-muscle actins are nearly identical. All three forms contain equimolar amounts of N-methylhistidine, and extensive controls have shown no evidence of artifactual heterogeneity. In addition to the three major actins, two other proteins were identified as probably forms of actin by affinity for DNAase I-agarose. These proteins are similar in charge and molecular weight to the major actin forms, but are unstable and have lifetimes in the cell of less than 2 hr.
Plasma level of the creatine phosphokinase BB isoenzyme during experimental intestinal ischemia

Changes in the serum of CPK-BB isoenzyme were investigated in dogs with intesti-nal ischemia in order to determine their use as an enzymatic diagnostic test for bowel Infarction. The study consisted of 12 mongrel dogs. Group I (n = 6) was assigned as a control and was subjected to lumen obstruction of a jejunal segment 50–60 cm in length. Group II (n = 6) had an intestinal infarction created by ligation of the arteries of a jejunal segment 50–60 cm in length. A catheter was placed into the right atrium through the left jugular vein for blood sampling and monitoring. Blood samples were withdrawn every three hours for biochemical assays. CPK-BB measurements were performed by electrophoresis in agarose gel. CPK-BB remained unchanged in Group I during the course of the study (median range 17 to 20 IU) showing no significant difference from normal levels. Significant elevation of CPK-BB occurred three hours after establishing the ischemia in Group II (median 50 IU) as compared to Group I (p < 0.05). The highest levels were deter-mined to be 96 and 80 IU at the sixth and ninth hour, respectively. From hour 15 until completion of the experiment, no significant difference was detected between Groups I and II. We conclude that CPK-BB elevation in serum signifies its release from the smooth muscles of the bowel due to ischemic cellular damage.
Faculty Work and Public Trust: Restoring the Value of Teaching and Public Service in American Academic Life

(1997). Faculty Work and Public Trust: Restoring the Value of Teaching and Public Service in American Academic Life. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 233-234.
Disappearing Arctic Lakes

Historical archived satellite images were compared with contemporary satellite data to track ongoing changes in more than 10,000 large lakes in rapidly warming Siberia. A widespread decline in lake abundance and area has occurred since 1973, despite slight precipitation increases to the region. The spatial pattern of lake disappearance suggests (i) that thaw and "breaching" of permafrost is driving the observed losses, by enabling rapid lake draining into the subsurface; and (ii) a conceptual model in which high-latitude warming of permafrost triggers an initial but transitory phase of lake and wetland expansion, followed by their widespread disappearance.
Lymph Node Metastases from Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Objective/Hypothesis: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) has been reported to metastasize to parotid and cervical lymph nodes. Few prospective investigations of associated clinical and histopathologic findings and their effect on patient outcomes exist. We seek to identify risk factors for nodal metastases in CSCC and determine the impact of lymphatic spread on survival and recurrence. Study Design: Subset analysis of a prospective, longitudinal database of patients with CSCC at a comprehensive cancer center. Methods: Eligible patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer were consecutively enrolled in a prospective database from July 1996 through June 2001; this cohort was then followed to the key endpoints of recurrence and mortality. Results: Two hundred ten patients were enrolled, and 193 patients with CSCC of the head and neck are included in this analysis. The incidence of nodal metastases in this population was 20.7% at study entry. Median follow-up was 20 months in patients with lymph node metastases and 24 months in patients without metastases. Nodal metastases were significantly associated with recurrent lesions (P = .002) and the following histopathologic features: lymphovascular invasion (P < .0001), inflammation (P = .010), poorly differentiated histology (P = .001), invasion into the subcutaneous tissues (P = .0001), perineural invasion (P = .005), and larger size (P = .0007). Metastases to the cervical nodes were not clinically apparent in 42% of patients with parotid metastases. Combination surgery and radiation therapy resulted in regional control rates of 95%, although local recurrence and distant metastases, along with second primary tumors, were the most frequent recurrent events. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrates a decrease in overall survival (P = .005), disease-free survival (P = .015), disease-specific survival (P = 0002), and time to recurrence (P = .012) in patients with nodal metastases compared with controls. Conclusions: Lymph node metastases from CSCC are common in our population and are associated with diminished survival. The presence of nodal spread occurs with other adverse histopathologic findings, and we recommend surgery and postoperative radiation therapy to control regional disease in the presence of nodal metastases and perineural invasion. New approaches in early identification of nodal metastases, treatment, and prevention of local recurrences and second primary malignancies are warranted.
Atomic layer etching chemistry of Cl2 on GaAs(100)

Abstract The reaction of Cl2 on GaAs(100) was studied under UHV conditions using metastable quenching electron spectroscopy (MQS), AES, LEED and TPD. Chlorination of the Ga-rich c(8 × 2)Ga surface at 85 K by Cl2 forms a GaCl layer, where each surface Ga has one Cl bond and two backbonds to As. The reaction saturates with an exposure of about 1 L Cl2. Formation of the GaCl layer increases the work function by 1.8 ± 0.2 eV. The GaCl desorbs in a doublet at 620 and 650 K, uncovering the underlying As layer, which desorbs in three peaks at 670, 730, and 810 K. The arsenic 670 K peak is due to desorption of As2 and As4, and the 730 and 810 K peaks are due to desorption of As2. Annealing at 820 K returns the surface to the original c(8 × 2)Ga condition. Flashing the chlorinated c(8 × 2)Ga surface to 650 K removes all the GaCl, leaving a clean As-rich surface. Chlorination of this surface at 85 K followed by TPD gives desorption of AsCl3 at 170 K, GaCl2 at 240 K, and GaCl at 620 and 770 K. The data indicates that the sequence of chlorinating the c(8 × 2)Ga surface at 85 K, flashing it to 650 K to remove the GaCl, chlorinating the resulting As-rich surface at 85 K, and heating to 820 K removes 2 ML of Ga and 2 ML of As, and returns the surface to c(8 × 2)Ga. The surface GaCl and GaCl2 give separate bands in the MQ spectrum, with binding energies of about 12.0 and 6.2 eV, respectively, below the GaAs valence band maximum. Repetitive cycles of exposure of the chlorinated c(8 × 2)Ga surface at 85 K to Cl2 followed by warming to 130 K or above to desorb the excess Cl2 gradually converts GaCl to GaCl2. The data suggests that partially chlorinated arsenic formed at 85 K is converted by heating to GaCl and GaCl2. The present results are consistent with studies of the desorption products from steady-state continuous etching of GaAs(100) by beams of Cl2.
Fear, uncertainty and statistics

Statistics will provide the answer to our fear over the increasing uncertainty in chip performance. Our "confidence" in the correct operation of our integrated circuits will take on a new probabilistic meaning. This presentation will make the case for statistical optimization of integrated circuits in order to ensure high performance, yield and robustness. Today's discrete and continuous optimization techniques are not up to the task. New metrics will be required to allow physical synthesis tools to target these new optimization criteria. This presentation will describe the form that such metrics will take, and predict a phased introduction of statistical criteria in the optimization and automated fix-up process.
The Training of Congenital Heart Surgeons

Congenital heart surgery is a specialty characterized by low error tolerance, a high level of cognitive and technical performance, and coordinated efforts of multiple individuals operating within a sophisticated organizational structure. Training in adult and pediatric cardiac surgery is undergoing major changes. In 2007, nearly one-third of American Board of Thoracic Surgery-certified training positions went unfilled. The reasons that are usually cited include a shrinking patient pool (mostly due to percutaneous coronary interventions), the perception of a poorer quality of life for cardiothoracic surgeons (compared to other specialties), declining reimbursements and salaries, a shrinking job market, increased legal challenges, and increased scrutiny by professional societies, payors, and government [9]. Congenital and pediatric heart surgery has been somewhat protected from these changes, although our ‘‘recruits’’ have traditionally come from the general ranks of cardiothoracic surgery trainees. In a recent survey, nearly one-quarter of cardiothoracic surgery training program graduates reported that they would not choose a career in cardiothoracic surgery again, and more than half would not strongly recommend cardiothoracic surgery to potential trainees [5]. The (Long) Road to Becoming a Congenital Heart Surgeon
Abstract 1652: Targetome profiling and genetic association analyses implicate miR-202 in follicular lymphomagenesis

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Complex etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) subtypes has made it difficult to identify risk factors for this disease. However, recent genetic association analyses, including two genome-wide association studies, suggest that genetic susceptibility to NHL may be strongest for the follicular lymphoma subtype. As recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) may be important in the etiology of many cancer types, including NHL, we performed a population-based genetic association study which identified a polymorphism in the precursor of miR-202 that is strongly associated with follicular lymphoma risk (rs12355840 in miR-202: PTREND = 0.006). An in vitro functional genetics assay demonstrated that the polymorphism is biologically active, and operates by altering the processing efficiency of the miR-202 precursor to the mature effector miRNA species. A ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation-microarray (RIP-Chip) assay, performed with an anti-AGO2 antibody followed by a whole-genome array, was used to characterize the miR-202 targetome, and selected targets were confirmed using a 3′UTR luciferase assay. Among the identified targets were several transcripts with relevance for tumorigenesis, including the miRNA biogenesis gene DICER1 and the lymphoma-associated cell cycle regulator and proto-oncogene SKP2. Both of these genes have been shown to be upregulated in lymphomas, which is consistent with our data, which show that the miR-202 risk allele is associated with diminished mature miR-202 levels in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggest that rs12355840 may represent a novel risk biomarker for follicular lymphoma, and implicate miR-202 in follicular lymphomagenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1652. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1652
Surface patterns in theoretical geography

Abstract This paper describes two variants of a dynamic stochastic model for the generation of landforms. We start from simple but not unreasonable assumptions about the stochastic mechanisms and derive the resulting surface pattern structure and several of its statistical and geometric properties. A computer program simulating the model is included, as well as computer-generated diagrams of the resulting height fields in special instances.
Conceptus-Maternal Interactions: Introduction

Abstract The relationship between the conceptus and its dam during pregnancy and carryover effects of this relationship postpartum have received increasing interest in the last 5 yr. The degree of this interest is reflected in the following reports on conceptus-maternal interactions which resulted from joint efforts of three ADSA Production Division Committees: Milk Synthesis, Physiology, and Dairy Cattle Improvement. These reports represent the state of knowledge of the subject; much of the material has not been published and is now in press. Unfortunately, much of the interesting historical development of this area of science must be omitted here. Hippocrates, for example, is credited with suggesting in 460 BC that the fetus played a role in controlling its own delivery (2). Such concepts began to take form in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (1, 6). Gaines (5) suggested in 1915 that since mammary gland development was influenced by the fetus.
Conformal ZnO coatings on high surface area silica gel using atomic layer deposition

Abstract Silica gel is a mesoporous form of silica with a high specific surface area that is widely used as a support material for heterogeneous catalysis. In this study, we use atomic layer deposition (ALD) methods to deposit ZnO layers onto silica gel supports. ZnO ALD was performed using alternating exposures of diethyl zinc (DEZ) and water to coat 1 g quantities of silica gel in a conventional viscous flow reactor. The coated materials were analyzed using weight gain, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These measurements revealed that the silica gel support could be conformally coated using reactant exposure times of ∼ 90 s. The ALD ZnO was amorphous for films deposited using 5 ALD cycles. In addition to the ZnO films, we also discovered that metallic Zn was deposited in the silica gel using very large DEZ exposures and deposition temperatures > 150 °C. The metallic Zn phase begins to form as soon as the ZnO ALD surface reactions have saturated, indicating that the Zn growth is strongly dependent on the availability of excess DEZ precursor.
Who Weaves and Why? Weaving, Loom Complexity, and Trade

In this article, I examine the interrelationship between craft specialization, technological complexity, the gendered division of labor, and the role of trade. I take as my example the craft of wea...
Advances in posterior lumbar interbody fusion

Since the introduction of the PLIF by Cloward in the 1950s, there have been great improvements in our understanding of the pathophysiology of spinal degenerative diseases and the potential morbidities associated with their surgical management. The advent of durable interbody fusion cages and bone grafting alternatives has lessened the morbidity of bone graft harvesting and disc space collapse and has providing improved stiffness and stability to the affected spinal motion segment. Although criticized by some surgeons for the potential for spinal destabilization and nerve root injuries, newer techniques of posterior interbody access and improved implant designs have led to shortened surgical times, less neurologic injury, and improved overall outcomes. The introduction of the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion procedure has allowed surgeons to achieve successful fusion without the risk of nerve root tethering that is seen so frequently with standard PLIF techniques. Further study and long-term follow-up regarding its efficacy are necessary before it can be recommended to supplant the more traditional PLIF techniques.
Engagement and Termination in Marital and Familial Therapy: Special Ethical Issues.

Abstract This article features an examination of the unique features affecting ethical treatment decisions in the engagement and termination phases of marital and familial therapy.
Unified Uncertainty Analysis by the First Order Reliability Method

Two types of uncertainty exist in engineering. Aleatory uncertainty comes from inherent variations while epistemic uncertainty derives from ignorance or incomplete information. The former is usually modeled by the probability theory and has been widely researched. The latter can be modeled by the probability theory or nonprobability theories and is much more difficult to deal with. In this work, the effects of both types of uncertainty are quantified with belief and plausibility measures (lower and upper probabilities) in the context of the evidence theory. Input parameters with aleatory uncertainty are modeled with probability distributions by the probability theory. Input parameters with epistemic uncertainty are modeled with basic probability assignments by the evidence theory. A computational method is developed to compute belief and plausibility measures for black-box performance functions. The proposed method involves the nested probabilistic analysis and interval analysis. To handle black-box functions, we employ the first order reliability method for probabilistic analysis and nonlinear optimization for interval analysis. Two example problems are presented to demonstrate the proposed method.
Relationship of negative contrast to animal models of fear and anxiety

The relatedness of behavior elicited by reward reduction (successive negative contrast procedure) and behaviors produced by three animal models of anxiety (open-field emergence, elevated plus-maze, and context-shock fear conditioning) was examined by correlational and factor analytic procedures. Factor analysis (oblique rotation) indicated substantial independence among the tests: Trials 1 and 2 of the plus-maze loaded on two different factors unaccompanied by any other test; open-field emergence and context-shock fear loaded on the same factor; and negative contrast loaded on a fourth factor. However, negative contrast proved to be a dynamic process, with factor loadings changing across a 4-day postshift period—moving from an independent loading on the 1st postshift day to being clustered with context-shock fear and open-field emergence on the 2nd and 3rd postshift days to being clustered with just context-shock fear on the last postshift day. These latter data support a multistage theory of successive negative contrast.
Non-Schmid effects and localized plastic flow in intermetallic alloys

Abstract A general strain rate dependent crystallographic slip theory which incorporates both non-Schmid effects and thermal deformation is presented. The theory is applied to the description of deformation in intermetallic alloys such as Ni 3 Al. For Ni 3 Al, as an example, it is shown that the approach embodies descriptions of stress state dependent yielding as observed experimentally as well as described by existing models such as that of Paidar, Pope and Vitek ( Acta Metall., 32 (1984)435). Finite element calculations of crystals deforming on only one slip system demonstrate that Asaro and Rice's ( J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 25 (1977) 309) criterion for bifurcation is a necessary condition for the formation of shear bands in crystals undergoing slip on only one slip system. Geometric effects are shown, however, to play an important role in the development of such localized shear bands. Strain rate sensitivity can delay significantly the formation of the localization, and lattice rotations relative to the surrounding lattice inside the shear bands are found to be quite small. This is in contrast to the case in multiple slip where lattice rotations play an important role in the localization process. In multiple slip the criteria for localized plastic flow are found to be of the sort described by Asaro ( Acta Metall., 27 (1979) 445; Mech. Mater., 4 (1985) 343), although localization generally occurs much sooner in the deformation process as a result of deviations from Schmid's rule.
Association between anti-human heat shock protein-60 and interleukin-2 with coronary artery calcium score

Introduction Based upon evidence suggesting that concentrations of anti-heat shock protein-60 (anti-HSP60) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are associated with atherogenesis, we tested the hypothesis that anti-HSP60 and IL-2 are associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods We evaluated 998 asymptomatic adults, age 45–84 years, without known coronary disease from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), who had anti-HSP60 measured at baseline. Tertiles of serum anti-HSP60 were evaluated. The associations of IL-2 and anti-HSP60 with CAC were assessed using multivariate analyses, with adjustments for coronary risk factors and Framingham risk score. Results Patients’ demographics, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, or dyslipidaemia did not show differences in levels of anti-HSP60. The median (IQR) Framingham risk score was 11 (5–22), 8 (5–16), and 9 (5–18) for the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively (p=0.043). IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were associated with increased CAC (IL-2: OR 3.70, p p =0.022; IL-2: OR 2.49, p Conclusions Increased concentrations of inflammatory markers (IL-2 and anti-HSP60) are associated with an increased CAC at baseline and follow-up in healthy asymptomatic adults. Future studies should be carried out to assess its association with early development of atherosclerosis.
Rehabilitation of a case of pure alexia: exploiting residual abilities.

We present a case study of a 43-year-old woman with chronic and stable pure alexia. Using a multiple baseline design we report the results of two different interventions to improve reading. First, a restitutive treatment approach using an implicit semantic access strategy was attempted. This approach was designed to exploit privileged access to lexical–semantic representations and met with little success. Treatment was then switched to a substitutive treatment strategy, which involved using the patient's finger to pretend to copy the letters in words and sentences. Reading using this motor cross-cuing strategy was 100% accurate and doubled in speed after 4 weeks of intervention. We propose that this patient's inability to benefit from the implicit semantic access treatment approach may be in part related to her inability to suppress the segmental letter identification process of word recognition. (JINS, 1998, 4, 636–647.)
Landscape scale assessment of stream channel and riparian habitat restoration needs

Human modifications of streams and rivers have caused extensive stream channel and riparian degradation. Cost-effective, rapid assessment tools can be used to better manage such areas by identifying the status of habitats for restoration planning and protection. We used a spatially explicit, reach-scale geographic information system modeling strategy to examine stream channel and riparian condition and prioritize restoration actions. The stream channel condition index uses information on land use, road and railroad density, and sinuosity. The riparian condition index uses calculations of percent forest, patch density, and convexity based on land cover in the floodplain. Reaches were classified into restoration categories based on stream channel and riparian condition model results, land ownership, slope, position in the subwatershed, and adjacency to high-quality habitat. We compared modeled restoration priority rankings with those in the management plan for the East Credit subwatershed in Ontario, Canada. Predicted stream channel restoration priority rankings matched field-based classifications for 86% of the reaches in the East Credit subwatershed. Predicted riparian restoration priority rankings matched field-based classifications for 81% of the reaches. Our methods replicate with fairly good accuracy the results obtained using intensive field surveys and stakeholder input. Managers can use these cost-effective strategy development tools to identify candidate reaches for further study and prioritize stream channel and riparian restoration actions over large regions.
Inference and Validation of Cloud Phase from MODIS, AIRS and CALIPSO Data

We discuss how cloud phase is inferred from MODIS and AIRS data and compare global results with those obtained from analysis of CALIPSO depolarization measurements.
Comparison of Interlaboratory Variation in Absolute T-Cell Counts by Single-Platform and Optimized Dual-Platform Methods

Background: Previous studies have reported that the adoption of a single-platform flow cytometry cell counting method resulted in lower interlaboratory variation in absolute T cell counts as compared to predicate dual-platform flow cytometry methods which incorporate independent automated lymphocyte counts (Schnizlein-Bick et al., Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000;7:336–343; Reimann et al., Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000;7:344–351). In the present study, we asked whether use of a single-platform method could reduce variation in absolute cell counts across the laboratories in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (n = 4), as suggested by the studies cited. Methods: Identical study samples were shipped overnight to the MACS laboratories either by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of AIDS Immunology Quality Assessment (NIAID- IQA) proficiency-testing program (n = 14), or by the Los Angeles site of the MACS (n = 10). For each sample, two tubes of blood were received; one was used for an automated complete blood count and differential, and the other for flow cytometry. The latter was performed using both our current dual-platform method (three-color CD45 gating and automated hematology) and the single-platform method (with TruCOUNT® beads to generate the absolute counts). Results: The median percent coefficients of variation (%CVs) for the dual-platform and single-platform methods were 6.6 and 9.9, respectively, for CD4 T cell counts, and 5.9 and 8.5, respectively, for CD8 T cell counts (n = 24). These differences were not statistically significant. The differences in absolute T-cell counts between the MACS sites and the median of all laboratories participating in the NIAID-IQA were smaller for the dual-platform than for single-platform absolute count method. Conclusion: In contrast to previous reports, we did not observe lower interlaboratory variation across the MACS sites for single-platform absolute lymphocyte subset counting relative to dual-platform methods. This result may be at least partly explained by the lower interlaboratory variation with the optimized dual-platform method in this study relative to the previous reports. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel fuel from vegetable oils contained in waste activated bleaching earth.

Abstract Waste bleaching earths from crude vegetable oil refining process contain approximately 40% of its weight as oil. Low valued oils are potential substrates for biodiesel fuel production. Vegetable oils from waste bleaching earth samples were organic-solvent extracted and identified as soybean, palm and rapeseed oil. Methanolysis was efficiently catalyzed by Rhizopus oryzae lipase in the presence of high water content, and by a single addition of methanol. R. oryzae lipase was not inactivated by methanol in concentrations lower than 4 milli-equivalents and 75% water content. Optimum conditions for methanolysis of extracted oils were 75% water content (by weight of substrate), an oil/methanol molar ratio of 1:4, and 67 IU/g of substrate with shaking of 175 rpm for 96 h at 35 °C. The highest conversion yield reached 55% (w/w) with palm oil after 96 h of reaction. Adverse viscosity conditions might have influenced methanolysis of extracted soybean and rapeseed oil in spite of high water or methanol concentrations.
Why are firms with entrenched managers more likely to pay dividends

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between managerial entrenchment and dividend policy for a large number of US industrial firms and examine the relative importance of three competing explanations behind the empirical association between managerial entrenchment and dividend policy, namely, the entrenchment irrelevance hypothesis, the dividend signaling hypothesis, and the optimal entrenchment hypothesis.Design/methodology/approach – Utilizing all firms in the Investor Responsibility Research Center database, Compustat and center for research in security prices (CRSP), this paper investigates firm's propensity to pay dividends based on various logit and Tobit regressions as a function of managerial entrenchment measured by Gompers et al. G index after controlling for known determinants of firms' dividend decisions during the period from 1990 to 2003.Findings – Results show that firms with entrenched managers are more likely to pay dividends. Their high propensity to pay persists...
Unimodality of Differences of Specialized Schur Functions

The centered difference of principally specialized Schur functions s_˜λ(1,q,....,q^n) - q ^ns_λ(1,q,....,q^n) is shown to be a symmetric, unimodal polynomial in q with non-negative coefficients for certain choices of ˜λ, λ, and n, in which ˜λ is always obtained from λ by adding two cells, and n is chosen to be odd or even depending on ˜λ, λ. The basic technique is to find an injection of representations for the symplectic or orthogonal Lie algebras, and interpret the above difference as the principal specialization of the formal character of the quotient. As a special case, a difference of q-binomial coefficients is shown to be unimodal.
ADP-ribosylation of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein during nutritional stress

Starvation of a mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa, for any essential amino acid results in the mono-ADP-ribosylation of an 80-kDa protein, P80. The ADP-ribose acceptor and its putative precursor were identified in two-dimensional gel patterns and isolated by electroelution. Amino-terminal sequence analysis showed they were the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, GRP78. Starvation of Hepa cells for tryptophan or glucose stimulated the relative rate of synthesis, and the ADP-ribosylation of GRP78. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation by treatment with tunicamycin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose or glucosamine stimulated the synthesis of non-ADP-ribosylated GRP78 up to sixfold with relatively little effect on its ADP-ribosylation. Both forms were identified in mouse liver, lung, heart, kidney, spleen and brain.
The recovery of vanadium from dilute acid sulfate solutions by resin ion exchange

Abstract A detailed study has been carried out to investigate the possibility of recovering vanadium by resin ion exchange from acid sulfate solutions containing 10 mg/l vanadium. In particular the recovery of vanadium by an anion exchange resin, Dowex 21K, has been investigated. Batch loading tests have been carried out to elucidate the role of Eh and pH on vanadium loading. An Eh-pH diagram has been constructed to determine the most stable vanadium species in solution at different Eh and pH conditions, and this information has been used to explain and predict the loading of vanadium onto the anion exchange resin. Kinetic data have been obtained for the loading of vanadium at different pH values. A film diffusion model has been found to fit the experimental data gathered at pH 4.0, while a particle diffusion model seems to offer a better fit to the experimental data at pH 2.0.
Performance of SRI's DECIPHER™ speech recognition system on DARPA's CSR task

SRI has ported its DECIPHER™ speech recognition system from DARPA's ATIS domain to DARPA's CSR domain (read and spontaneous Wall Street Journal speech). This paper describes what needed to be done to port DECIPHER™, and reports experiments performed with the CSR task.The system was evaluated on the speaker-independent (SI) portion of DARPA's February 1992 "Dry-Run" WSJ0 test and achieved 17.1% word error without verbalized punctuation (NVP) and 16.6% error with verbalized punctuation (VP). In addition, we increased the amount of training data and reduced the VP error rate to 12.9%. This SI error rate (with a larger amount of training data) equalled the best 600-training-sentence speaker-dependent error rate reported for the February CSR evaluation. Finally, the system was evaluated on the VP data using microphones unknown to the system instead of the training-set's Sennheiser microphone and the error rate only increased to 26.0%.
Neutrino luminosity and matter-induced modification of collective neutrino flavor oscillations in supernovae

We present the first calculations of self-coupled neutrino flavor oscillations with time integrated luminosities and energy spectra for the neutronization burst of an $\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ne}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Mg}$ core-collapse supernova. These calculations allow us to gauge the effects of time varying neutrino luminosity and of the bump in the electron number density profile at the base of the hydrogen envelope in $\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ne}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Mg}$ core-collapse supernovae. The bump allows a significant fraction of the low-energy ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ to survive by rendering their flavor-evolution nonadiabatic. Increasing the luminosity of the neutronization burst shifts the bump-affected ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ to lower energy with reduced survival probability. Similarly, lowering the luminosity shifts the bump-affected neutrinos to higher energies. While these low-energy neutrinos lie near the edge of detectability, the population of bump-affected neutrinos has direct influence on the spectral swap formation in the neutrino signal at higher energies.
Instability of V-SRC sequences in nonhuman primate tumors cultured in vitro

We have analyzed the DNA of marmoset tumors induced and marmoset cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and derivative viruses of various types. Southern blot hybridization was used to determine the presence of v-src gene sequences. We failed to detect v-src DNA in high-passage cells derived from marmoset tumors induced in vivo or from marmoset cell lines transformed in vitro. The inability to detect src sequences was not related to selection of revertants in culture, since all cell lines retained transformed morphology and cells transformed in vitro retained the ability to induce sarcomas after transplantation into adult allogeneic marmosets. By contrast, we detected integrated proviruses in cells analyzed 32 to 60 days after in vitro transformation. The proviral sequences appeared to be identical to the transforming virus but were apparently unstable and continued to transpose.
Flexible versus fixed timetabling: a case study

This case study presents the timetabling problem of the Flight Training Department at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. The problem consists of scheduling the flight resources to students to various time blocks. This problem represents a well-studied field in operations research, mainly adopting variations of mathematical programming models. This paper initially presents the efforts towards developing a fixed timetable using optimization models for the case under study. It is, however, demonstrated that implementation of optimum solutions obtained using this approach cannot be sustained, mainly because of the dynamic nature of the governing parameters. A flexible and dynamic timetable utilizing the university computer network, allowing the instructors and students to make their own decentralized flexible timetables, is proposed. A simulation study is initiated to compare the performance measures under both timetables. The analysis shows that implementation of a flexible system generates higher utilization of flight resources as well as improving key performance measures.
Kinetic study of stabilizing effect of oxygen on thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate)

The thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been studied in both pure nitrogen and oxygen-containing atmospheres. The presence of oxygen increases the initial decomposition temperature by 70 °C. The stabilizing effect of oxygen may be explained by forming thermally stable radical species that suppress unzipping of the polymer. This assumption is supported by the experimental fact that introduction of NO into gaseous atmosphere increases the initial decomposition temperature by more than 100 °C. The model-free isoconversional method has been used to determine the dependence of the effective activation energy on the extent of degradation. The initial stages of the process show a dramatic difference in the activation energies that were found to be 60 and 220 kJ mol-1 for respective degradations in nitrogen and air.
NOAA Budget Request Looks Positive, Though Numbers Could Shift in Congress

[1] The Obama administration's budget request for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for fiscal year (FY) 2012, which begins on 1 October, would increase the agency's funding level to $5.5 billion, up from $4.75 billion in the FY 2010 budget enacted by Congress. The budget request is $56.8 million less than the administration's FY 2011 request of $5.54 billion. However, as Eos went to press, Congress was considering a new budget continuing resolution (CR) that could fund the federal government through the end of FY 2011 at a significantly lower level than the president requested for the current year. The CR could dramatically affect NOAA's current budget, the upcoming debate over the FY 2012 budget, and high-priority programs including the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) to improve weather forecasting and climate monitoring.
Effect of Deep-Fat Frying on Phytosterol Content in Oils with Differing Fatty Acid Composition

The objective of this study was to determine the fate of phytosterols in vegetable oils with varying fatty acid composition used for frying. High oleic sunflower (HOSun), corn (Corn), hydrogenated soybean (HSBO), expeller pressed soybean (ESBO), and expeller pressed low-linolenic acid soybean oil (ELLSBO) were used for frying potato chips in a pilot plant-scale continuous fryer. The same oils, and regular soybean oil (SBO) were also used in intermittent batch frying of tortilla chips. Phytosterols were measured in oils collected at various times during frying by GC to determine their loss. The formation of polymerized triacylglycerides (PTAGs) and total polar compounds (TPC) were analyzed to determine the extent of oil degradation. In the continuous frying system, phytosterol loss ranged between 4 and 6% in ESBO, ELLSBO, HOSun, and Corn, with no loss in HSBO. PTAGs and TPC were highest in ESBO and ELLSBO, followed by Corn, HOSun, and HSBO. In the batch frying experiment, phytosterol loss ranged from 1 to 15%, and was highest in Corn followed by SBO and HSBO. There was no significant loss of phytosterols in ESBO, ELLSBO, and HOSun. Formation of PTAGs and TPC during batch frying was highest in SBO and ESBO, followed by Corn, ELLSBO, HOSun, and HSBO. In conclusion, phytosterol loss in both the continuous fryer and in the batch frying system appeared to be unrelated either to fatty acid composition, or to the extent of oil degradation.
Methods to address selection effects in the meta regression and transfer of ecosystem values

Abstract The analysis develops an approach for dealing with selection effects in the meta regression of ecological values. The approach is based on Heckman's [Heckman, James. 1979. Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. Econometrica 47 (1):153–161.] two stage procedure and is adaptable to cross section and unbalanced panel data. The approach identifies both a method of testing for selection effects and for consistent estimation if selection effects are shown to be statistically significant. The approach is illustrated with a meta regression of wetland ecosystem values. The application shows that selection is statistically and economically significant. Selection effects lead to baseline wetland values that are almost 4 times larger than values computed using the selection corrected parameters. Value adjustment factors for wetland services and methodological variables appear less prone to selection effects. The uncorrected value adjustment factors for wetland services and research methods are, on average, within 15% of the selection corrected value adjustment factors.
Mechanisms of autoimmune activation of basophils in chronic urticaria.

Abstract Background: Approximately 35% to 40% of patients with chronic urticaria possess a circulating antibody directed to the α subunit of the high-affinity type I IgE receptor (FcϵRI), which is detectable by using histamine release assays or immunoblotting. Prior reports suggest that purified IgG may not directly activate basophils but rather does so through complement activation. Objective: We sought to further elucidate the mechanism by which this antibody causes basophil histamine release, including the role of complement, and to reassess the relationship of functional versus binding assays. Methods: We incubated human basophils with patient serum, patient IgG, or patient IgG plus normal serum as a complement source and measured histamine release for each condition. IgG fractions were neutralized with cloned α subunit to determine whether histamine release decreased proportionately. We also screened sera from 260 patients to compare histamine release with immunoblotting results. Results: We initially tested 35 sera from patients with chronic urticaria by using basophils from 2 atopic donors and one nonreleaser with rabbit anti-IgE. No histamine was released from the nonreleaser, yet all donors responded identically to monocyte chemotactic protein 1, indicating a requirement for IgE or the IgE receptor. Basophil histamine release was markedly augmented by complement if release by IgG alone was low. Incubation of purified IgG with an increasing concentration of cloned α subunit gradually reduced the histamine-releasing capability in patients with positive or negative immunoblot results. Of 260 patients tested, 43% had positive histamine release results, and 47% had positive immunoblot results, yet there was no correlation when individual patients were assessed. Conclusion: A subpopulation of patients with chronic urticaria possess IgG antibody directed to the α subunit of FcϵRI. This IgG activates basophils, which is dependent on or augmented by complement. Binding assays for the FcϵRI α subunit, such as immunoblotting, are not currently feasible as a screening method. A functional assay is required. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:1056-62.)
Akeelah and the Bee: Inspirational Story of African-American Intellect and Triumph or Racist Rhetoric Served Up On Another Platter?

The term “post-racism” has increasingly emerged in the media and national discourse. Many point to Barack Obama's election as the 44th President of the United States as proof that this country has ...
Consumer Socialization and Frequency of Shopping with Children

This study examines co-shopping frequency (mothers shopping with children) from a consumer socialization perspective. It also compares consumer orientations and socialization behaviors of heavier, moderate and lighter co-shoppers. Results indicate that these groups differ in desires to develop children’s consumer competence, consumer roles played by children, consumption motivations and values, and potential efforts to mediate marketing influence.
The ComDarative Antispasmodic Activity of NMetGyl-3-Piperidyf Diphenylglycolate Methobromide (JB-340) and Atropine Sulfate

The antispasmodic activity of N-methyl-3-piperidyl diphenylglycolate methobromide (JB-340) was evaluated against atropine sulfate on various segments of the normal and spastic gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. JB-340, 0.5 mg./Kg. I.V., exhibited a depressant activity equal to or greater than 0.2 mg./Kg. of atropine sulfate on the colon of cats and dogs. The mean duration of action of JB-340 was approximately equal to atropine sulfate (as determined by blockage of vagal stimuli). Atropine sulfate elicited a spasmogenic effect on the colon of the dog in 60 per cent of the experiments. JB-340,0.5 mg./Kg. I.V., did not significantly affect the blood pressure of normotensive dogs and did not block the superior cervical ganglion of cats.
The clinical process and quality process in pediatric perfusion

Abstract Efforts to improve health care quality take place in an environment that is continually changing. Some of this change is in response to fluctuations in market conditions, some change occurs in response to scientific progress and some of the change may occur based on the health of the population. Managing this constant change is an essential function of the people and the organizations that make up health care systems. Within this environment of change-related activity is a subset of deliberate efforts to make positive changes in the delivery of care. Many of these designed changes come about by “just doing it”; someone decides that a change in clinical practice or organizational arrangement seems like a good idea and the change is made. Such innovation and adaptation is an intrinsic part of clinical and managerial practice [Baily,MA., Bottrell,M., Lynn,J.,Jennings,B., The Ethics of Using QI Methods to Improve Health Care Qualty and Safety. The Hastings Center Report, July-August 2006. p.8.]. Health care providers must generate general standards of practice to suit individual patients, relying on their clinical knowledge, their unique knowledge of each patient, and the characteristics and capabilities of the local context in which care is being delivered. When this innovation and adaptation is undertaken in a systematic, data-guided way it becomes quality improvement.
Executive Function Index (EFI) performance and risk factors for disordered eating.

Abstract We examined Executive Function Index (EFI) performance in individuals at risk (n = 22) for an eating disorder, based on the SCANS criteria. In comparison to those not at risk (n = 104; also based on the SCANS criteria), those at risk on SCANS were more likely to be depressed, anxious, and showed deficits in many components of EFI performance, including EFI impulse control and EFI total score. These results support previous work on executive function in those at risk for an eating disorder and highlight the use of the EFI as a tool for such investigation in this population.
Efficient wayfinding in complex environments: derivation of a continuous space shortest path

This paper discusses the problem of wayfinding in complex environments. Movement is complicated in many ways, including the existence of obstacles that impede travel across continuous space. To support route planning and navigation for the blind, shipping, robotics, etc., methods have been developed to identify the shortest or most efficient path. This paper details a GIS based method for finding an optimal path for this problem. The developed approach offers substantial computational advances over existing approaches, making it appealing for real time travel support. Application results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.