cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Psoriasis Herpeticum in Pregnancy: A Clinical Conundrum.

Introduction. Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a widespread cutaneous viral infection, most commonly herpes simplex virus, which affects patients with underlying dermatosis. When KVE occurs in a patient with a history of psoriasis, it is referred to as psoriasis herpeticum, a rare subtype of KVE with only a handful of cases reported in the literature. To the authors' knowledge, we report for the first time a case of psoriasis herpeticum in pregnancy. Case Presentation. A 23-year-old woman in her third pregnancy presented at 26-week gestation with a 10-year history of psoriasis. Cutaneous examination revealed diffuse psoriatic plaques with scattered ~1 cm erosions. Punch biopsy of the skin revealed herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection within a psoriatic plaque, necessitating dermatological treatment. The patient experienced premature rupture of membranes at 37-week gestation. Pelvic exam showed no evidence of herpetic lesions. After labor augmentation, the patient delivered a healthy female infant with no evidence of HSV infection. Discussion. Psoriasis herpeticum is a rare and potentially devastating complication of an underlying dermatosis. With a paucity of data available to guide pregnancy-specific issues, the general management of this condition is controversial and requires a multidisciplinary care approach. Concerns for systemic infection in the mother and vertical transmission to the neonate are of critical importance.
Recent results using a 256 × 256 2-D array transducer for 3-D rectilinear imaging

In previous work, we presented initial experimental results using a 256 times 256 2-D array with row-column methods. The main benefits of this design are a reduced number of interconnects, a T/R switching scheme with a simple diode circuit, and an ability to perform transmit beamforming in azimuth and receive beamforming in elevation for volumetric imaging of targets near the transducer. In this paper, we present 3-D images of axial wires embedded in a clear gelatin phantom, of an 8 mm diameter cylindrical anechoic cyst phantom and of a 10 mm diameter spherical anechoic cyst phantom acquired from a new 256 times 256 2-D array transducer. DAX processing was used to reduce clutter due to 1-way beamforming.
Outcomes in patients with end-stage renal disease and colonic diverticular disease.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or renal transplantation and symptomatic colonic diverticular disease Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with the primary diagnosis of diverticulitis or diverticulosis and end-stage renal disease treated at Yale-New Haven Hospital from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 2005 was performed. Patient factors evaluated including age, gender, comorbidities, nature of ESRD, and immunosuppression if any, along with the diagnosis of diverticulosis or diverticulitis, complicated vs. uncomplicated and outcomes including morbidity, mortality and LOS. Patients were evaluated to determine predictors of poor outcome. Simple summary statistics were calculated. Chi-square analyses were used to compare categorical and binary data. ANOVA was used for continuous outcome variables including length of stay. Results: Mean age was 70+/-13 years. Thirty/77(39%) were male. Thirty-three/54(61%) presented with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Twenty-three/33(70%) required transfusion. One/28(4%) required surgery; one/28(4%) required angiographic embolization. There were no deaths. Twenty-five/77(30%) developed symptomatic diverticulitis. Seventeen/25(68%) were uncomplicated. Fifteen/17(88%) were managed conservatively; 1/17(6%) required surgery. Eight/25(32%) presented with complicated diverticulitis; three/8(38%) with perforation and 2/8(25%) with abscess. Eight/8 (100%) with complicated disease required urgent/emergent surgery. Five/8 (55%) who underwent surgery developed a perioperative complication. Four/8 (50%) died following surgery.
Chronic Illness Stigma and Its Relevance in the Workplace

Many people with chronic illness participate in the workforce and will continue to do so. Thus, they must cope with their illness symptoms and other peoples’ reactions to their illness in the workplace. In recent years, research on the effects of chronic illness in the workplace has highlighted effects such as stress and burnout (McGonagle et al., Stress and Health, 30, 310–321, 2014), and its effects on daily work interactions (Vickers, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 15(2), 85–98, 2003) and career progression (Beatty, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 24, 91–110, 2012). Findings underscore that having a chronic illness influences not only workplace performance but also social interactions through stereotyping and stigmatization. This chapter will focus on the processes and outcomes of a specific category of stigma—chronic illness stigma—with the aim of discussing the unique issues experienced by this population.
Abstract 4621: Metabolic activation of macrophages by CpG stimulates anti-tumor activity and overcomes CD47-independent inhibition by tumor cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Macrophages dominate the immune infiltrate present in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although tumor-infiltrating macrophages have the potential to mediate anti-tumor activity, they most commonly acquire an immunosuppressive role in cancer. We have found that CpG oligonucleotides - containing unmethylated cytosine-guanine motifs - potently induce macrophages to phagocytose PDAC cells and mediate anti-tumor effects. When delivered in vivo, in a fully immunocompetent murine model of PDAC, CpG increased the presence of macrophages within PDAC tumors and suppressed tumor outgrowth in a macrophage-dependent manner. Though CpG did not polarize macrophages toward classical anti-tumor (M1) or pro-tumor (M2) phenotypes, CpG treatment increased the basal rate of oxygen consumption in macrophages. Reversing this metabolic shift by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation abolished pro-phagocytic and anti-tumor effects by macrophages in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the impact of CpG in overcoming anti-phagocytic signals from CD47, a membrane protein overexpressed in multiple malignancies, including PDAC. While targeted knockout of CD47 in PDAC cells was not sufficient to activate in vitro phagocytosis by macrophages or anti-tumor effects in vivo, delivery of CpG potentiated anti-tumor and phagocytic activity that was independent of CD47 expression by tumor cells. However, the combination of CD47 loss in tumor cells and systemic CpG treatment enhanced the survival of tumor-bearing mice, indicating that disruption of CD47 can sensitize tumors to macrophage-directed immunotherapy. Together, our findings demonstrate a key role for cellular metabolism in directing the anti-tumor functions of macrophages and overcoming negative regulatory signals imposed by malignant cells. Citation Format: Mingen Liu, Gregory Beatty. Metabolic activation of macrophages by CpG stimulates anti-tumor activity and overcomes CD47-independent inhibition by tumor cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4621. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4621
Three genes that affect Escherichia coli ribosomes.

Mutants of Escherichia coli with increased sensitivity or resistance to the antibiotics lincomycin and erythromycin were isolated. Mutations to increased sensitivity to either drug or to both are closely linked and very likely are in one locus, designated lir, which is about 17 minutes from the point of origin of HfrH. Mutants highly resistant to erythromycin define the ery locus, linked to pro2, while the mutants highly resistant to lincomycin are located in one locus designated lin, which is somewhere between the pro2 and his loci. These three loci specify products that affect ribosomes, since differences from the parental strain were seen in polypeptide formation in vitro on ribosomes from strains of each of these classes. The lincomycin sensitivity of one lir mutant was assigned to the 50 s ribosomal subunit by reconstruction experiments with ribosomal subunits from the mutant and the parental strain. In all strains tested, lincomycin and erythromycin differ enormously in their capacity to inhibit polyuridylic acid- and polyadenylic acid-directed formation of polypeptides. Furthermore, antagonism of the two drugs was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro the inhibition of growth and of polylysine formation by added erythromycin can be reversed by lincomycin. It is proposed that lincomycin and erythromycin block protein synthesis by attaching to the 50 s rih9somal subunit, and that the attachment of these drugs to the 50 s ribosome interferes differently with the binding of various tRNA molecules. Part of the attachment site for the two antibiotics is shared, and mutations in this common part lead to sensitivity, whereas mutations in the unique parts lead to resistance. The common part probably includes a ribosomal protein coded by the lir gene.
Das empiristische Sinnkriterium

Bekanntlich begann die analytische Philosophie im Wiener Kreis mit der Suche nach einem Kriterium, das es ermoglichen sollte, kognitiv sinnvolle Satze von sogenannten „metaphysischen“ Satzen zu unterscheiden. Das Unterscheidende der kognitiv sinnvollen Satze sahen Schlick und seine Anhanger in ihrer Verifizierbarkeit. Wir sprechen absichtlich von „kognitiv“ sinnvollen Satzen. Das Wort „sinnvoll“ wird ja selbst in mehreren Bedeutungen verwendet: So sprechen wir vom „Sinn“ einer Gebarde, von der „Sinnlosigkeit“ eines bestimmten Unternehmens; andererseits konnen Satze, denen in wissenschaftlicher Hinsicht keinerlei Sinn zukommt, dennoch „sinnvoll“ sein, insofern sie gewisse Gefuhle, Erinnerungen in uns auslosen. Das hat noch niemand geleugnet. Was aber Schlick und seine Anhanger den Satzen der Metaphysik absprachen, war nicht der „Gefuhlsgehalt“ oder die „Motivationskraft“ der Satze, sondern ihr „theoretischer Gehalt“. Satze nun, denen ein bestimmter theoretischer Gehalt zukommt, oder welche, wie man auch sagt, „entweder wahr oder falsch sind“, nennt man gewohnlich „kognitiv sinnvolle“ Satze („cognitively meaningful“ in der angelsachsischen Literatur). Um dieses Kriterium zu verstehen, mussen wir uns aber zunachst einmal uber den Sinn des Wortes „verifizierbar“ klar werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist es geeignet, scheinbare Gegenbeispiele des Kriteriums zu untersuchen. Diese Untersuchung wird uns zugleich die Schwierigkeiten zeigen, die einer genauen Formulierung des Kriteriums im Wege stehen.
Demonstration of a low-cost high spectral resolution lidar for quantitative cloud and aerosol profiling

High spectral resolution lidar is a technique that enables disentangling atmospheric extinction and backscatter observed by lidar to obtain calibrated retrieval of backscatter coefficient and extinction coefficient of clouds and aerosols. Due to the performance requirements on the technique, HSRL are relatively expensive such that large networks of the instruments is considered cost prohibitive. At the National Center for Atmospheric Research, we have developed and demonstrated a low-cost HSRL based on a diode laser transmitter and a rubidium cell narrowband filter. This system architecture is approximately an order of magnitude less expensive than typical HSRL with very low maintenance requirements, making it ideal for cloud and aerosol networks.
Global south approaches to bilingual and early childhood teacher education: Disrupting global north neoliberalism:

Global south onto-epistemologies are rarely part of bilingual and early childhood teacher education programs. Most university courses, even those that are critically oriented, remain embedded in global north conceptualizations of theory and practice. In this paper, we offer critical examinations of how global north colonialism and its latest reiteration, neoliberalism, have produced hegemonic discourses which have shaped the education of teachers in the fields of bilingual and early childhood education. We then share our platicas about our global south approaches to teacher education. In doing so, we offer ways in which to make sense of our role as teacher educators in challenging and navigating dynamic, and often all-encompassing neoliberal systems of oppression within bilingual and early childhood teacher/education.
Observations on the effects of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors on the clinical course of bone marrow transplantation.

The use of the hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSF) in clinical oncology and infectious disease has profound implications for the practice of medicine. The ability to influence the hematopoietic system with these factors offers the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the use of chemotherapy, particularly intensive chemotherapy, and also to influence the outcome of various nonmalignant disorders of hematopoiesis.
A Power Analysis of Cryptocurrency Mining: A Mobile Device Perspective

We investigate the impact of how a cryptocurrency mining system can affect the power consumption of mobile devices. Specifically we look at CoinHive, a cryptocurrency miner and associated mining pool targeting the Monero (XMR) cryptocurrency. CoinHive distributes a JavaScript-based miner to webpages where visitors run the script and provide computing power to the web host’s CoinHive account. Ideally, hosting JavaScript-based cryptocurrency miners provides alternatives to using ad-networks as a source of website revenue. While some users may not oppose an energy for advertisement trade-off, it may be less palatable to mobile users concerned with battery life. Our initial studies have revealed that, at a minimum, running the normally distributed JavaScript-based miner increases the power draw of a Samsung Galaxy S4 by about 5 fold. Under certain circumstances, the power draw can increase to eleven-fold. We illustrate these findings by comparing them with various normal use benchmarks and with a variety of different ad-enabled webpages.
Assessing Levels of Frailty in a Cohort of Lung Transplant Candidates Using Pre-Transplant Frailty Assessments

Purpose Frailty, a syndrome of fatigue, muscle wasting and weakness, has been shown to associate with adverse outcomes after surgery in many patients, and its importance in the lung transplant population was described by Singer and colleagues. This study explores the prevalence of frailty among lung transplant candidates using two standard frailty measures and their relationship with the lung allocation score (LAS). Methods In a single-center prospective study, frailty was assessed in lung transplant candidates ≥60 years of age using Fried's Frailty Phenotype (FFP) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The FFP score is based on self-reported weight loss, fatigue, physical activity, and measures of gait speed and grip strength. The SPPB score consists of measures of gait speed, balance, and lower extremity strength. Previously established cutoffs were used: FFP score of 0 = non-frail; 1-2 = pre-frail; 3-5 = frail; SPPB score of 0-6 = frail; 7-9 = pre-frail; 10-12 = non-frail. The LAS score was calculated from clinical and imaging data obtained during transplant candidacy evaluation. Results Out of 32 subjects, 26 completed both the SPPB and FFP assessments, while 6 completed only the SPPB assessment. The average SPPB and FFP scores were 8.4 (±2.7) and 2.8 (±1.2), respectively. SPPB and FFP were only weakly correlated with adjusted r2 0.133 (p = 0.038). The average LAS score was 43.8 (±14.3). Both the SPPB (r2 = 0.41, p Conclusion In lung transplant candidates, the prevalence of frailty considerably varies based upon which frailty assessment tool is utilized. Compared to the FFP score, the SPPB score has a stronger correlation with the LAS. A better understanding of the relationship between frailty measures and risk predictors such as the LAS will help to improve pre-transplant risk assessment protocols, identify vulnerable patients, and target interventions to optimize outcomes. Patient enrollment is ongoing at our center.
Computational Methods for Soft Tissue Biomechanics

Computational biomechanics provides a framework for modeling the function of tissues that integrates structurally from cell to organ system and functionally across the physiological processes that affect tissue mechanics or are regulated by mechanical forces. We develop an integrative computational strategy for soft tissue based on the finite element method, using the biomechanics of the heart as a case study.
Mechanical Response of Porcine Liver Tissue under High Strain Rate Compression

In automobile accidents, abdominal injuries are often life-threatening yet not apparent at the time of initial injury. The liver is the most commonly injured abdominal organ from this type of trauma. In contrast to current safety tests involving crash dummies, a more detailed, efficient approach to predict the risk of human injuries is computational modelling and simulations. Further, the development of accurate computational human models requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of tissues in various stress states, especially in high-impact scenarios. In this study, a polymeric split-Hopkinson pressure bar (PSHPB) was utilized to apply various high strain rates to porcine liver tissue to investigate its material behavior during high strain rate compression. Liver tissues were subjected to high strain rate impacts at 350, 550, 1000, and 1550 s−1. Tissue directional dependency was also explored by PSHPB testing along three orthogonal directions of liver at a strain rate of 350 s−1. Histology of samples from each of the three directions was performed to examine the structural properties of porcine liver. Porcine liver tissue showed an inelastic and strain rate-sensitive response at high strain rates. The liver tissue was found lacking directional dependency, which could be explained by the isotropic microstructure observed after staining and imaging. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) of the PSHPB tests revealed the stress profile inside liver tissue and served as a validation of PSHPB methodology. The present findings can assist in the development of more accurate computational models of liver tissue at high-rate impact conditions allowing for understanding of subfailure and failure mechanisms.
Potassium Depletion And Hypokalemia Symptoms

Potassium depletion and hypokalemia are defined clinically as reduction in total body potassium of approximately 8%, and reduction in plasma potassium concentration from the normal value of 4.2 to 3.5 mmol/L. Under normal, steady-state conditions, plasma potassium concentration varies directly with total body potassium content, and in order for potassium in the plasma to fall from the normal level, 4.2 mmol/L, to hypokalemic levels, requires a reduction in total body potassium content of about 7 to 8% from the normal content of 3,500 mmol in a 70 kg man. Long-term depletion can result from either inadequate intake or excessive loss of potassium from the GJ. tract, the skin through sweat, or from the kidneys. ransiently, hypokalemia can follow from a shift from the extracellular compartment into the cells. Symptoms are initially vague and may be described as lack of vigor, weakness, fatigue-associated restlessness, muscular discomfort, and occasionally, exercise-induced muscle cramps. Severe potassium deficiency occurring rapidly may result in severe weakness or frank paralysis. Treatment of hypokalemia must include efforts to correct the condition that led to potassium depletion. But in addition, repletion of the deficit in total body potassium can be initiated by increasing daily potassium intake either by enriching the potassium content of the diet and/or by taking potassium supplements. Reduction in renal potassium excretion by the use of pharmacological measures can be employed as well, to increase total body potassium balance. However, with the exception of dietary modification, all measures for treatment of potassium depletion carry some risk for development of clinically significant hyperkalemia.
Common Fracture Eponyms

Eponym fractures are named after those who first described them. The name has nothing to do with the bony injury or radiographic findings and thus must be committed to memory. Several examples of fractures with eponyms are presented in this chapter.
Symbiotic niche mapping reveals functional specialization by two ectomycorrhizal fungi that expands the host plant niche

Abstract Mutualisms are ubiquitous in natural systems, but less is known about how these positive interactions influence species distributions compared with antagonistic interactions, such as competition and predation. The niche concept is one useful approach for thinking about factors that shape species ranges, which we apply here towards understanding how the nature of plant-mycorrhizal symbioses change across large environmental gradients. We used a continuous niche mapping approach to examine how two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Thelephora terrestris, Suillus pungens) impact pine seedling growth across a two-dimensional soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) gradient. We found that ectomycorrhizal fungi improved plant growth most in nutrient addition treatments with highly imbalanced N:P ratios, demonstrating that mycorrhizal benefits depend on interactions between niche axes. However, T. terrestris (highN:lowP) and S. pungens (lowN:highP) benefited plants most at opposite ends of the resource ratio spectrum, consistent with niche partitioning and functional specialization. While ectomycorrhizal fungi are often thought of as being most beneficial for nitrogen uptake, our results suggest that members of the Thelephoraceae may specialize in improving plant P uptake. Ectomycorrhizal colonization by a single fungus increased plant niche volume (calculated as convex hull volumes of plant growth response surfaces across N and P gradients) compared to non-mycorrhizal control plants and shows the overall positive effects of mutualisms on plant niche volume. Despite plant host benefits in S. pungens and T. terrestris single species treatments, the presence of both fungi together decreased plant niche volume. The lack of functional complementarity, despite functional specialization, indicates that in some environments, either fungal competition or the cost of maintaining a suboptimal mycorrhizal partner can limit the benefits of a higher quality partner. The niche mapping approach we present has the potential to answer fundamental questions about the dimensions of functional diversity in ectomycorrhizal fungi and the distributions of mycorrhizal symbioses.
P87 Perspectives of Community Residents on Food Access and Grocery Shopping Practices in Low-Income, Ethnic Minority Communities in Tampa, FL: A Qualitative Study

Background To improve food access in underserved neighborhoods, it is crucial to incorporate community voices in neighborhood development planning. Addressing issues recognized in their neighborhoods has the potential to reduce barriers to get healthy foods, thereby increasing food access. Objective To understand community residents’ perspectives on food access and barriers to get healthy and nutritious foods in underserved neighborhoods in Tampa, FL. Study Design, Setting, Participants A qualitative study utilizing focus group discussions. Community residents in low-income, predominantly African American neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida participated. Forty-eight participants attended 9 focus group sessions with 3-9 people in each session. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded for priori and emergent themes using NVivo software. Results Participants identified where they shopped for the majority of their foods. Most participants indicated that they drive to get to major grocery stores, but many also indicated that they use public transportation. Most people who go to multiple stores indicated price is the main reason. “You go where it's – the value for the money like in reference to if you have buy one get one free, it's better quality when you're living on a fixed income to stretch your money from month to month.” Another reason was “convenience,” and some people mentioned that they go to an alternative store to get better quality foods such as fresh fruit and vegetables. Participants mentioned transportation, distance to the store, traffic, and accessibility as key barriers. High price, quality of food, customer service or environment of the store, and lack of nutritional knowledge were also barriers to choosing healthier foods. Several ideas to improve food access issues in their neighborhoods emerged, including having a new grocery store and farmer's market. Conclusions Community residents recognized barriers to get healthy and fresh foods in the target neighborhoods. Based on the findings, short- and long-term solutions have been discussed among community residents, leaders, and stakeholders.
Pandemic Prompted Pivoting to Virtual Multidisciplinary Care

The MDA/ALS Clinic at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have recently transitioned our in-person multidisciplinary clinics to a successful, virtual patient experience. Here, we outline our new clinic model, presenting detailed information about our clinics’ virtual workflow and our experiences with this transition. In this way, we hope to demonstrate the feasibility of a large-scale virtual multidisciplinary clinic and assist other clinics (both local and academic) as they transition their care of patients virtually within the COVID-19 environment.
Critical Steps Towards Accurate Efficiency Measurement of Emerging Tandem Solar Cells

Potential performance artifacts depending on scan rates and directions and light bias exposure history are often seen in emerging PV technologies (e.g. Perovskite, OPV, and Quantum Dot). Accredited performance calibration labs (e.g. AIST, Fraunhofer-ISE, NREL) have made significant effort to adopt steady-state performance calibration protocols to avoid these artifacts and provide unbiased and reliable efficiency measurements for the PV community. However, it appears that most discussions are focused on single-junction devices rather than tandem devices (e.g. 2-J OPV and Perovskite, Perovskite/Si). Considering the calibration complexity of tandem solar cells, several key aspects regarding the efficiency measurement of emerging PV tandem devices will be discussed, including spectral adjustment of solar simulator to meet designated reference spectrum condition, I-V measurement procedure particularly with 4-terminal tandem devices. Overall, this paper will provide a comprehensive guidance for accurate efficiency measurement of emerging tandem solar cells.
Autonomous Free Flight Operations in Urban Air Mobility With Computational Guidance and Collision Avoidance

The use of electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft to provide efficient, high-speed, on-demand air transportation within a metropolitan area is a topic of increasing interest, which is expected to bring fundamental changes to the city infrastructures and daily commutes. NASA, Uber, and Airbus have been exploring this exciting concept of Urban Air Mobility (UAM), which has the potential to provide meaningful door-to-door trip time savings compared with automobiles. However, the ability to manage many of these eVTOL aircraft safely in a congested urban area presents a challenge unprecedented in air traffic management. In order to enable safe and efficient autonomous on-demand free flight operations in UAM, a computational guidance algorithm with collision avoidance capability is designed and analyzed. The approach proposed in this paper is to formulate this problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and solve it using an online algorithm Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). For illustration, a high-density free flight airspace simulator is created to test the proposed algorithm’s performance. Numerical experiment results show that this proposed algorithm has fewer conflicts and near mid-air collisions than Optimal Reciprocal Collision Avoidance (ORCA), a state-of-the-art collision avoidance strategy.
Model-based characterisation of vehicle occupants using a depth camera

Due to recent advances in sensing technologies, modern vehicle occupant classification systems enable personalised vehicle experiences and adaptive occupant crash protection. However, most systems are limited to occupant detection and simple classification, and thus, accurate estimation of body characteristics is needed to support more advanced occupant classification. This paper presents a model-based characterisation method for vehicle occupants using a 3D depth camera. This method automatically estimates standard anthropometric data of an occupant such as stature and weight along with the body shape by fitting a statistical body shape model to depth image data. The system is even robust to a wide range of clothing and is capable of generating accurate results. A variety of other algorithms were developed to improve the fitting result, including seat geometry detection and head location estimation. The new capability has a range of potential applications for improving occupant safety and providing an optimised interior configuration for the occupant.
Where is the Breughel Village? Community and the radical tradition:

This article notes the revival of interest in the idea of community in recent debates in political theory. It argues that one of the clearest presentations of the problem was in Hegel, taken up by ...
The moderating role of resilience resources in the association between stressful life events and symptoms of postpartum depression.

Abstract Background One in seven women experience postpartum depression, posing a serious public health concern. One of the most robust predictors of elevated postpartum depressive symptoms is major stressful life events that occur during pregnancy. Having greater resilience resources that promote successful adaptation to stressful demands may be protective in the face of stress during pregnancy. The current study tested whether three resilience resources— mastery, dispositional optimism, and spirituality— each predicted early symptoms of postpartum depression and moderated the hypothesized association between experiencing stressful life events during pregnancy and symptoms of postpartum depression. Methods The sample included 233 women who participated in a prospective longitudinal study from pregnancy through postpartum. Depressive symptoms were assessed at approximately 4 to 8 weeks after birth, whereas resilience resources and stressful life events were measured in pregnancy. Multiple linear regressions were used to test hypotheses. Results Stressful life events predicted greater symptoms of depression postpartum. Mastery and optimism predicted fewer symptoms of depression postpartum. Mastery moderated the association between stressful life events and symptoms of depression when controlling for previous psychiatric history, t(231) = -1.97, p=.0497. Limitations There was some attrition among study participants across timepoints, which was accounted for in analyses with multiple imputation. Conclusions These findings point to the protective nature of a mother's sense of mastery in the face of major life stressors during pregnancy and suggest this is an important construct to target in interventions addressing postpartum depression.
Numerical Analysis of Water Ingress Effect on the Window Layer of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 Solar Cells using SCAPS-1D

CIGS solar cells were submitted to damp heat treatment of the window layer by immerging the full devices into deionized water at 50°C for 24 hours. An overall loss in device performance was observed by current-voltage (J-V) measurements after such exposure, mostly due to a decrease in short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor. To determine the underlying cause of device degradation, the devices parameters were numerically simulated using SCAPS-1D, in correlation with other materials characterization such as secondary ion mass spectrometry. The device modifications were best simulated by a change in transmission coefficient, total trap density and trap density peak position.
Memory and Reward-Based Learning: A Value-Directed Remembering Perspective.

The ability to prioritize valuable information is critical for the efficient use of memory in daily life. When information is important, we engage more effective encoding mechanisms that can better...
Mixed-mode fracture analyses of plastically-deforming adhesive joints

A mode-dependent embedded-process-zone (EPZ) model has been developed and used to simulate the mixed-mode fracture of plastically deforming adhesive joints. Mode-I and mode-II fracture parameters obtained from previous work have been combined with a mixed-mode failure criterion to provide quantitative predictions of the deformation and fracture of mixed-mode geometries. These numerical calculations have been shown to provide excellent quantitative predictions for two geometries that undergo large-scale plastic deformation: asymmetric T-peel specimens and single lap-shear joints. Details of the deformed shapes, loads, displacements and crack propagation have all been captured reasonably well by the calculations.
Changing the Site of Initiation of Plus-Strand DNA Synthesis Inhibits the Subsequent Template Switch during Replication of a Hepadnavirus

Unique to hepadnavirus reverse transcription is the process of primer translocation, in which the RNA primer for the initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis is generated at one site on its template, DR1, and is moved to a new site, DR2. For duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), DR2 is located within 50 nucleotides of the 5′ end of the minus-strand DNA template. When the synthesis of plus-strand DNA proceeds to the 5′ terminus of the minus strand, the 3′ end of the minus strand becomes the template for DNA synthesis. This switch in templates circularizes the nascent genome and is required for the genesis of the relaxed circular form of the DNA and the mature capsid. Maturation of the capsid is a prerequisite for virus egress. We have analyzed a series of DHBV variants in which plus-strand DNA synthesis was initiated from a new position relative to the 5′ end of the template. For these variants, the subsequent circularization was inhibited. We found that when the number of nucleotides between the site of initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis and the 5′ end of its template was restored to 54 nucleotides, circularization was substantially restored. These results mean that the process of circularization is influenced by the earlier steps in DNA replication. This sensitivity is consistent with the notion that this region of the nascent genome is in a dynamic structure that is crucial for successful DNA replication.
Congress in Crisis: Destabilizing Events and the American Legislative Process in the Postreform Era

Congress enacts major legislative changes in the aftermath of destabilizing events like wars, depressions, and natural disasters. The dominant theories of the American legislative process focus on a stable Congress, but fail to account for times of crisis. This Thesis looks at major bills introduced after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and Hurricane Katrina. It concludes that the dominant theories of the legislative process (i.e., Conditional Party Government Theory, Cartel Theory, Distributive Model, Informational Theory) are inadequate because they fail to account for the temporal constraints created by major destabilizing events.
Ontogeny of expression of Pa and RT1.Aa antigens on rat placenta and on fetal tissues.

: The unique pregnancy-associated (Pa) antigen, which is a class I antigen encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), elicits a nondestructive maternal antibody response. By contrast, the class I transplantation antigen RTI.Aa elicits a destructive antibody response in tissue transplantation but not during pregnancy. With the use of the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunohistochemical method, the Pa and RTl.Aa antigens were localized on the basophilic and giant cells of the basal zone trophoblast, the endovascular trophoblast and decidual interstitial trophoblast, and the chorioallantoic membrane but not on the labyrinthine zone trophoblast as early as the 12th day of gestation. These two antigens were also expressed on the epidermis, hair follicles, spleen, thymic medulla, bronchial epithelium, intestinal epithelium, the hepatic Kupffer cells, endocardium, endothelium of blood vessels, renal tubular cells and glomeruli, and renal pelvis and ureter of fetal and adult rat tissues. Absorption studies with placental tissue confirmed the presence of these two antigens in the rat placenta, and antibody-blocking studies confirmed their unique specificities.
A classroom game to teach the principles of money and banking

AbstractThis paper describes how to implement and run a game for teaching the principles of money and banking to an undergraduate economics class. The game primarily deals with the market for loanable funds, but numerous extensions are provided to cover topics such as monetary policy, the tools of the Federal Reserve, shifts in the equilibrium of the market for loanable funds, and the quantity theory of money. The experiment can be used in principles, intermediate macroeconomics, or money and banking courses. The experiment takes approximately 45 minutes to run, depending on class size, and requires no computers.
The Mechanisms of Generation, Recognition, and Erasure of DNA 5-Methylcytosine and Thymine Oxidations

One of the most fundamental questions in the control of gene expression in mammals is how the patterns of epigenetic modifications of DNA are generated, recognized, and erased. This includes covalent cytosine methylation of DNA and its associated oxidation states. An array of AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases, Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, base excision glycosylases, and sequence-specific transcription factors is responsible for changing, maintaining, and interpreting the modification status of specific regions of chromatin. This review focuses on recent developments in characterizing the functional and structural links between the modification status of two DNA bases 5-methylcytosine and thymine (5-methyluracil).
Approximate vehicle waiting time estimation using adaptive video-based vehicle tracking

During the last two decades, significant research efforts had been made in developing vision-based automatic traffic monitoring systems in order to improve driving efficiency and reduce traffic accidents. This paper presents a practical vehicle waiting time estimation method using adaptive video-based vehicle tracking method. Specifically, it is designed to deal with lower image quality, inappropriate camera positions, vague lane/road markings and complex driving scenarios. The spatio-temporal analysis is integrated with shape hints to improve performance. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
No Laughing Matter: A Case of Gelastic Migraine (P5.203)

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a case of migraine with gelastic features. BACKGROUND: Gelastic epilepsy(GE) involves ictal laughter as one of its primary manifestations. GE can be further categorized by the presence or absence of mirth. The term mirth refers to the pleasant/euphoric sensation that can be associated with pathologic laughter. The uncontrollable laughter seen in GE has not been reported with migraine to our knowledge in the literature. We describe a case of a patient who presents with migraine with language aura, as well as gelastic features. DESIGN/METHODS: A 37 year old woman presented with headaches that began around the age of 17. These throbbing headaches are hemicranial with a right side predominance and 6/10 average intensity. They involve nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and osmophobia. She denies any autonomic features. She has approximate 6 headaches a month each lasting 4 hours to 2 days. Regarding aura, she experiences episodes of expressive aphasia that can last up to 30 minutes, and terminate before the headache reaches maximum intensity. She also describes an uncontrollable urge to laugh that occurs exclusively with migraines. The laughter starts as a giggle, and becomes true laughter lasting 5-10 minutes. During these episodes she is not thinking of anything funny, and is not in an entertaining situation. She denies visual, sensory, or motor aura symptoms. She denies any loss of consciousness, convulsive activity, urinary incontinence, or tongue biting. RESULTS: An EEG demonstrated no evidence of epileptiform activity. MRI brain was unremarkable. She started a titration of verapmail, and 80mg BID improved her headache frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The patient’s uncontrollable laughter without mirth that occurs exclusively before a headache is likely a migrainous aura or prodrome. To the best our knowledge, this is the first reported case of gelastic migraine. This case also demonstrates that despite the AAN’s evidence-based guideline U rating of verapamil, it is a preventative medication that has demonstrated effiacy in clinical practice. Study Supported by: N/A Disclosure: Dr. Mathew has nothing to disclose. Dr. Robertson has nothing to disclose.
A review of the LARIAT device: insights from the cumulative clinical experience

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmic disorder world-wide, accounting for 15 % of all strokes. Management of stroke risk in AF is complicated by intolerance of anti-coagulation (AC) therapy and difficulty maintaining therapeutic range in patients treated with warfarin. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is a source of thrombus in AFrelated thrombo-embolic events and surgical LAA exclusion (LAAO) is commonly performed during cardiac surgery in AF patients. Surgical approaches are limited by a high incidence of incomplete closure with a potential for consequent thrombo-embolic events as well as the morbidity of an open-heart procedure. More recently, percutaneous approaches to LAAO have been developed. The LARIAT device is an epicardial LAA exclusion system that enables percutaneous suture ligation of the LAA via combined, pericardial and trans-septal access. The device has 510k Federal Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for soft-tissue ligation and has been studied in canine models in pre-clinical studies as well as published series of clinical experience with LARIAT LAAO. The history, patient selection, procedural technique and complications of LARIAT LAAO are reviewed here. Additionally, insights and procedural improvements that have been elucidated from clinical series and outcomes from the collective experience are discussed. The LARIAT’s epicardial approach to LAA ligation is unique compared with other percutaneous LAA exclusion devices, however more data regarding device safety and efficacy is needed for the LARIAT to emerge as an established therapy for stroke prevention in AF.
Partially ordered sets, and minimal systems of counterexamples

Given a finite setA with a partial ordering, in which certain order relations are known to hold, there is a least set of non-relations that must be established to conclude that no relations hold other than the known ones. This set of test cases can be cut down further if algebraic structure is involved. These observations generalize arguments used by Pigozzi and others in studying finite semigroups of operators on classes of algebras.
A novel sulphonated natural indole.

Abstract A new indole glucosinolate isolated from Isatis tinctoria L., has been identified as 1-sulpho-3-indolylmethylglucosinolate.
A patient with trauma having cavitary pulmonary nodules: should further workup be pursued?

Background:Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPPs) are rare sequelae of blunt chest trauma and may be incidentally visualized on initial, or subsequent, chest imaging.Case:We present the case of a 37-year-old male with no past medical history, who was recently hospitalized in the intensive care unit after a motor vehicle accident and referred to our institution for a traumatic cataract repair. His preoperative chest radiograph revealed multiple left-sided pulmonary nodules that were confirmed on thoracic computed tomography (CT) and noted to be cavitary. Comparison of the films to prior imaging, negative infectious workup, and absence of any symptoms led to the diagnosis of TPPs. Follow-up imaging showed complete resolution of the lesions.Conclusion:The TPPs may be discovered on imaging shortly after blunt chest trauma and, in asymptomatic individuals, can often be monitored with observation and serial imaging.
Tillage Effects on Nitrate Leaching Measured by Pan and Wick Lysimeters

No-till (NT) is a recommended best management practice for reducing erosion in agricultural production. Because of potential increases in infiltration with NT, a better understanding of tillage effects on NO - 3-N leaching is required. An experiment was conducted in central Pennsylvania on a Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludalf) to study NO - 3-N leaching under chiseltill and NT and to compare results from zero-tension pan and passive capillary fiberglass wick lysimeters from May 1995 to April 2001. Pan lysimeters collected greater leachate volumes from NT than from tilled treatments during the growing season, likely due to greater macropore flow in NT soil. When leachate collection efficiency corrected values were used, pan and wick lysimeters collected equivalent masses of NO - 3-N. Flow weighted NO - 3-N concentrations in leachate in both lysimeter types were also similar. Tillage had no effect on total leachate collected during the 6-yr experiment by either pan (228 mm yr -1 ) or wick (558 mm yr 1 ) lysimeters. Flow-weighted NO - 3-N concentrations and NO - 3-N masses in leachate were not significantly different between tilled and NT, but increased with increasing N-rate (at 0, 100, and 200 kg N ha 1 , flow-weighted NO - 3-N concentrations were 3.5, 8.2, and 23.9 mg L -1 and NO - 3-N masses were 17, 39, and 112 kg ha -1 yr -1 , respectively). The results demonstrate that under our condition NT will not result in more NO. leaching than chisel-tillage over a multiyear period.
Structural Diversity in Monomeric Cadmium Phenoxides.

Three monomeric Cd(II) phenoxide complexes have been prepared by reacting Cd[N(SiMe3)2]2 with 2 equiv of 2,6-disubstituted phenols bearing sterically bulky tert-butyl or phenyl groups. The strongly coordinating solvents THF, tetrahydrothiophene (THT), and pyridine used for these reactions were incorporated into the metal's coordination sphere, leading to complexes with a general formulation of Cd(O-2,6-R2C6H3)2(solv)2-3. The Cd complexes obtained have been characterized crystallographically and have been found to adopt differing solid-state geometries. The X-ray crystal structure of Cd(O-2,6-tBuC6H3)2(THF)2, 1, previously reported by Buhro, displayed unusual square-planar coordination of the metal center. Complex 2, Cd(OtBuC6H3)2(THT)2, has been found to take on the same square-planar geometry, even with the more strongly donating thioether ligand. Alternatively, complex 3, Cd(O-2,6-Ph2C6H3)2(THF)2, has been found to adopt distorted-tetrahedral geometry, quite similar to its zinc congener. The O(1)−Cd−O(2...
The Evolution of an Eye Care Program at a University Health Service.

Abstract Traditionally, eye care services have not always been included in college health services. The awareness of eye care as an integral part of primary health care and the efficaciousness of these services in prepaid group practices is changing this. The purpose of this paper is to share a five year experience in developing a comprehensive eye care program for the university community at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, Massachusetts. Attention is given to the scope of services, mode of practice, staffing and staff responsibilities, utilization of services, quality assessment, consumer surveys, and implication for plan members and other health care providers in the plan. It is hoped that this information will be helpful to those planning health care programs.