cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New innovation patterns? Lessons learned from digital technology industries

The emergence of digital technology has disrupted the roles played by entrepreneurial startups and large firms. In addition, new architectures and tools for mass collaboration and user involvement through open innovation merit studies for the setup of industry standards and dominant designs. This study addressed issues related to innovation patterns by analyzing the linkages between digital processes and the openness of innovation.
A new stain mixture; aceto-orcein-fast-green.

A new mixture consisting of aceto-orcein, fast green, and salt is described. The mixture provides contrast between nuclear material, nucleoli and cytoplasm without differentiation. We have found it most useful in the staining of teased tissues, squashes, smears and suspensions (fixed and unfixed). We recommend it for the great speed and simplicity with which it provides a stain having the contrast of much more laborious histological technics.
Asymmetry of the odontoid-lateral mass interspaces: A radiographic finding of questionable clinical significance

Asymmetry of the interspaces between the odontoid process and the lateral masses of the atlas is a finding occasionally noted on anteroposterior open-mouth radiographs obtained following trauma. Controversy exists as to the clinical significance of this finding in minimally symptomatic patients. Some believe this asymmetry is a normal variant, while others suggest that pathological rotation of the atlas on the axis may be present. This condition has been termed atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (ARS), and when not corrected by 15 degrees head rotation, is said to be "fixed." Recent experience has shown that some patients with radiographic findings of ARS do not exhibit clinical signs or symptoms, leading us to question the significance of the radiographic diagnosis. A study was performed to evaluate the incidence of atlantoaxial asymmetry in normal subjects, the effect of rotation on the atlantoaxial relationship, and the ability to correct asymmetry by rotation. Eleven normal volunteers were evaluated with the following anteroposterior open-mouth views: without tilt or rotation (neutral); 15 degrees rotation in each direction; 15 degrees head and neck tilt to the right; right rotation with right tilt; and left rotation with right tilt. Six normals (54%) demonstrated atlantoaxial asymmetry in the neutral position despite proper positioning. No predictable change in the atlantoaxial relationship was produced by any of the manipulations described. Two normal subjects fulfilled the radiographic criterion for fixed atlantoaxial subluxation (asymmetry not corrected by rotation). We conclude that the radiographic finding of atlantoaxial asymmetry is common and not in itself abnormal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CRAFT: Helping Latino Families Concerned About a Loved One

ABSTRACT Getting treatment-resistant relatives, or identified patients (IPs), motivated to seek help for alcohol problems is a challenge for many concerned significant others (CSOs). The Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) approach is a program that teaches CSOs how to effectively communicate with their IPs to engage them to seek treatment. CRAFT may be considered a culturally appropriate approach for Latinos because of its collaborative relationship with the family system. In addition to capitalizing on the bonds of the Latino family to engage IPs into treatment, CRAFT is a structured, practical, and time-limited treatment method; these are elements that Latinos generally prefer in therapy. The present paper elaborates on the appeal and utility of the CRAFT approach for Latino CSOs. This research demonstrates that CRAFT was successful in helping both Latino and Euro-American CSOs engage their IPs into treatment. Moreover, CSO emotional functioning and family functioning improved for both ...
RESPONSE OF BUSH BEAN EXPOSED TO ACID MIST

Bush bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris l. Cv. contender) were treated once a week for six weeks with simulated acid mist at five pH levels ranging from 5.5 to 2.0. Leaf injury developed on plants exposed to acid concentrations below pH 3 and many leaves developed a flecking symptom similar to that caused by ozone. An adaxial, interveinal bleached area resembling SO/sub 2/ injury also developed on some trifoliate leaves at the low pH treatments. Microscopic observation of injured trifoliates indicated that the pallisade cells were plasmolyzed and that the chloroplasts lost structural integrity. Reductions in plant weight and chlorophyll content were detected across the pH gradient. Seed and pod growth were reduced at some intermediate acid depositions even though no visible foliar injury developed. Foliar losses of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and phosphorous increased with decreases in acid mist pH, whereas foliar potassium concentrations were unaffected by acid mist treatment.
Asymmetry in Platinum Acetylide Complexes: Confinement of the Triplet Exciton to the Lowest Energy Ligand

To determine structure−optical property relationships in asymmetric platinum acetylide complexes, we synthesized the compounds trans-Pt(PBu3)2(C⋮CC6H5)(C⋮C−C6H4−C⋮CC6H5) (PE1-2), trans-Pt(PBu3)2(C⋮CC6H5)(C⋮C−C6H4−C⋮C−C6H4−C⋮CC6H5) (PE1-3) and trans-Pt(PBu3)2(C⋮C−C6H4−C⋮CC6H5)(C⋮C−C6H4−C⋮C−C6H4−C⋮CC6H5) (PE2-3) that have different ligands on either side of the platinum and compared their spectroscopic properties to the symmetrical compounds PE1, PE2 and PE3. We measured ground state absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence and triplet state absorption spectra and performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations of frontier orbitals, lowest lying singlet states, triplet state geometries and energies. The absorption and emission spectra give evidence the singlet exciton is delocalized across the central platinum atom. The phosphorescence from the asymmetric complexes comes from the largest ligand. Time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations show the S1 state has mostly highest occupied molecular orbital (HOM...
Growth Factors and Stroke

Current options for the treatment of stroke are extremely limited, partly because of the rapidity with which brain cells die when deprived of their blood supply. Several recent studies suggest that growth factors can produce improvement in animal models of stroke, even when administered at postischemic intervals of many hours to days, when conventional neuroprotective approaches are typically futile. Several growth factors can access the brain after systemic administration, making them more attractive as therapeutic agents. Finally, growth factors are key mediators of neurogenesis in the adult brain, which could have a role in brain repair and functional recovery following stroke.
Technological Advances Achieved in Dumand

The requirements of DUMAND in PMT design, under-water Cerenkov light detection, signal processing, and deployment are described, and the methods by which they are achieved outlined.
Proton-nucleon spin-rotation and -depolarization parameters at 800 MeV

Using a liquid deuterium target, 800 MeV quasielastic parrow+p and parrow+n spin-rotation and -depolarization parameters (D/sub S/S,D/sub S/L,D/sub L/S,D/sub L/L,D/sub N/N ) were determined over the center-of-momentum angular range 14.3/sup 0/--69.2/sup 0/. The parrow+p results are in good agreement with existing elastic results and predictions from phase shift analysis. The parrow+n results, in general, are not in agreement with predictions from phase shift solutions. Small corrections to previously reported parrow+p elastic observables are also discussed.
Growth and fertility traits of calves sired by Piedmontese, Gelbvieh and Red Angus bulls

Abstract Heifer (n = 72), bull (n = 22) and steer (n = 60) calves from matings of Hereford, Hereford x Angus and three-breed crossbred dams to Piedmontese (P), Gelbvieh (G) and Red Angus (RA) bulls were evaluated for growth and fertility traits. Birth weight, calving difficulty and adjusted 205-d weaning weight data were obtained from all calves. Pelvic dimensions, reproductive tract scores and pregnancy percentages were analyzed for heifers at 12 months of age. Breeding soundness examinations compared reproductive traits of bull calves at 12 and 13 months old. Steers were assigned to pens by breed of sire post-weaning to evaluate daily gain and adjusted feed efficiency for growing and finishing periods. Calves sired by P and G sires had heavier birth weights and higher calving difficulty scores (P
A plywood veneer lathe maintenance expert system - Development and implementation

The economic productivity of a plywood mill and the production of a high quality product relies, to a large extent, on the proper adjustment and maintenance of the veneer lathe. An expert system was designed to address lathe maintenance from the three component aspects of repair: (1) product-quality maintenance; (2) mechanical systems maintenance; and (3) electrical systems maintenance. The expert system, implemented in November 1988, provides a framework for addressing important issues in the development of any expert system: (1) knowledge acquisition; (2) expert system architecture; and (3) user acceptance of the completed system.
Management of chronic myeloid leukemia during pregnancy with leukapheresis.

We describe the successful treatment of a pregnant patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase by using only leukapheresis. Following 20 leukapheresis procedures initiated during the 13th week of gestation and performed over approximately 7 weeks, the patients white blood cell count dropped from 242,000/μl to 19,300/μl. The WBC remained stable over the ensuing 17 weeks until the time of delivery. The patient gave birth by cesarean section to a healthy 2,640 g boy at 37.5 weeks of gestation. This is the second report of the successful use of leukapheresis alone for chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase during the first half of pregnancy. We conclude that where leukapheresis is available, it may provide an alternative treatment to chemotherapy or alpha-interferon, especially in light of their potential teratogenic and leukemogenic side-effects. J. Clin. Apheresis 14:42–44, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The York map is a canonical transformation

The York mapping from the space of freely chosen conformal data to the space of constraint-satisfying physical data is shown to be a canonical transformation for both the vacuum Einstein theory and the Einstein-Maxwell theory.
Discrete-time growth-dispersal models

Abstract Integrodifference equations are discrete-time models that share many of the attributes of scalar reaction-diffusion equations. At the same time, they readily exhibit period doubling and chaos. We examine the properties of some simple integrodifference equations.
Grenada 1984: health care 3 months after the US intervention

A summary of the HOPE project in Grenada after the US intervention is presented together with the status of dental health care on the island. Hopes for economic independence as well as adequate health care appear far in the future for the people of Grenada.
Identification of artifactual cathepsin D activity in cardiac subcellular fractions related to formation of an iron-EDTA complex.

The conventional assay procedure for cathepsin D (E.C.3.4.23.5) activity in tissue homogenates and subcellular fractions requires incubation with hemoglobin as substrate. Cathepsin D (CD) activity is calculated by determining the increase in absorbance at 280 nm after precipitation of all proteins with trichloroacetic acid. This increase in absorbance (presumably due to the release of tyrosine residues from hemoglobin) is converted to arbitrary CD activity units. Homogenization and fractionation of cardiac tissue frequently requires that ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) be included in the homogenization medium. We have observed that subcellular fractions of cardiac tissue prepared in the presence of EDTA demonstrate residual CD activity despite either quantitative removal of all CD protein by immunoprecipitation or complete inhibition of CD by pepstatin. The present study demonstrates that this ‘apparent’ CD activity (residual increase in absorbance at 280 nm) is due to the formation of an Fe-EDTA complex which absorbs at 280 nm. Data are presented which demonstrates that the EDTA of the medium complexes with non-heme iron which contaminates commercially available hemoglobin. A method for preparing hemoglobin free of contaminant non-heme iron is described for use in studies of CD metabolism when EDTA is present in the homogenization buffer.
Four-dimensional ultrasonography of the fetal heart using a novel Tomographic Ultrasound Imaging display

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of examining the fetal heart with Tomogra- phic Ultrasound Imaging (TUI) using four-dimensional (4D) volume datasets acquired with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC). Material and methods: One hundred and ninety-five fetuses underwent 4D ultrasonography (US) of the fetal heart with STIC. Volume datasets were acquired with B-mode (ns195) and color Doppler imaging (CDI) (ns168), and were reviewed offline using TUI, a new dis- play modality that automatically slices 3D/4D volume datasets, providing simultaneous visualization of up to eight parallel planes in a single screen. Visualization rates for standard transverse planes used to examine the fetal heart were calculated and compared for volumes acquired with B-mode or CDI. Diagnoses by TUI were compared to postnatal diagnoses. Results: (1) The four- and five-chamber views and the three-vessel and trachea view were visualized in 97.4% (190/195), 88.2% (172/195), and 79.5% (142/195), respectively, of the volume datasets acquired with B- mode; (2) these views were visualized in 98.2% (165/ 168), 97.0% (163/168), and 83.6% (145/168), respectively, of the volume datasets acquired with CDI; (3) CDI contributed additional diagnostic information to 12.5% (21/168), 14.2% (24/168) and 10.1% (17/168) of
Teaching photonics technology students to think: methods

This paper describes different methods used in the classroom and lab to teach photonics technology students to think. When students transcend from the classroom to the work environment, they must be able to think and problem solve without a teacher, instructor, or professor holding their hand during problem solving. There are many ways that can be used in the classroom to teach students to think. The methods discussed in this paper range from using thought provoking questions during lecture, to "full blown" project based learning methods, such as "Problem Based Learning".
Electron distribution function in a plasma generated by fission fragments

A Boltzmann equation formulation is presented for the determination of the electron distribution function in a plasma generated by fission fragments. The formulation takes into consideration ambipolar diffusion, elastic and inelastic collisions, recombination and ionization, and allows for the fact that the primary electrons are not monoenergetic. Calculations for He in a tube coated with fissionable material shows that, over a wide pressure and neutron flux range, the distribution function is non‐Maxwellian, but the electrons are essentially thermal. Moreover, about a third of the energy of the primary electrons is transferred into the inelastic levels of He. This fraction of energy transfer is almost independent of pressure and neutron flux.
Approaches to validation of power system models for system planning studies

This paper presents a discussion of the various approaches to model validation of power system models used in planning studies. It focuses on present approaches and emerging methodologies, particularly for validation of power system components/equipment. Results are presented for the current practice of component model validation (i.e. validation of single power plant models, or FACTS devices, etc.). Then it is shown how some of these techniques might be used to extend current approaches to consider system wide model validation. Finally a discussion is presented on future trends in planning and operational studies to meet the needs of the North American power system.
Maintaining Men's Dominance: Negotiating Identity and Power When She Earns More

This article examines the power dynamics in marriages where wives earn substantially more than their husbands based on in-depth interviews with husbands and wives in 30 couples. The results demonstrate how normative gender expectations constrain interactions between spouses and how spouses in these unconventional marriages struggle to construct appropriate gender identities that are more or less consistent with the conventional expectations that men should be breadwinners and women should be homemakers. These data represent an important counterpoint to the growing body of quantitative work that demonstrates that a woman's power diminishes as her income exceeds her husband's by illuminating how men's power is preserved within marriage, even in the absence of their traditional economic dominance.
On interlinking language games: New opportunities for group communication research

One strategy for revitalizing small group communication research is interlinking traditional research interests with those of the natural groups we study. Wittgenstein's (1953) notion of language games provides one method for intermeshing the concerns and interests of both group communication researchers and members of natural groups. The general notion of language games and their relevance to group communication researchers and members of natural groups first is examined. Using work groups in organizations as a case study, the application of a language game analysis to natural groups is conducted and the kinds of research opportunities generated by bridging the language games of group communication researchers and group members is explored.
Principal components ancestry adjustment for Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 data

Statistical tests on rare variant data may well have type I error rates that differ from their nominal levels. Here, we use the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 data to estimate type I error rates and powers of three models for identifying rare variants associated with a phenotype: (1) by using the number of minor alleles, age, and smoking status as predictor variables; (2) by using the number of minor alleles, age, smoking status, and the identity of the population of the subject as predictor variables; and (3) by using the number of minor alleles, age, smoking status, and ancestry adjustment using 10 principal component scores. We studied both quantitative phenotype and a dichotomized phenotype. The model with principal component adjustment has type I error rates that are closer to the nominal level of significance of 0.05 for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in noncausal genes for the selected phenotype than the model directly adjusting for population. The principal component adjustment model type I error rates are also closer to the nominal level of 0.05 for noncausal SNPs located in causal genes for the phenotype. The power for causal SNPs with the principal component adjustment model is comparable to the power of the other methods. The power using the underlying quantitative phenotype is greater than the power using the dichotomized phenotype.
Particle flow with non-zero diffusion for nonlinear filters

We derive several new algorithms for particle flow with non-zero diffusion corresponding to Bayes’ rule. This is unlike all of our previous particle flows, which assumed zero diffusion for the flow corresponding to Bayes’ rule. We emphasize, however, that all of our particle flows have always assumed non-zero diffusion for the dynamical model of the evolution of the state vector in time. Our new algorithm is simple and fast, and it has an especially nice intuitive formula, which is the same as Newton’s method to solve the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) problem (but for each particle rather than only the MLE), and it is also the same as the extended Kalman filter for the special case of Gaussian densities (but for each particle rather than just the point estimate). All of these new flows apply to arbitrary multimodal densities with smooth nowhere vanishing non-Gaussian densities.
Changing the Face of Student Teaching through Coteaching.

Abstract In this article, we challenge the status quo of current student-teaching practice, which has remained relatively unchanged for close to 100 years. This 4-year study identifies the differences between a coteaching and a non-coteaching model of student teaching. Quantitative and qualitative results clearly demonstrate the positive impact of coteaching on learners. This emerging practice of coteaching in student teaching holds great promise in transforming the world of teacher preparation.
Gender identification of shovelnose sturgeon using ultrasonic and endoscopic imagery and the application of the method to the pallid sturgeon

Monthly sampling of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, a biological surrogate for the endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus, was conducted to develop a multi-seasonal profile of reproductive stages. Data collected included histological characteristics of gonads from wild caught fish and laboratory and field ultrasonic and endoscopic images. These data were used to compare effectiveness of ultrasonic and endoscopic techniques at identifying gender of adult shovelnose sturgeon at different reproductive stages. The least invasive method (i.e. ultrasound) was least effective while the most invasive (i.e. endoscope through an abdominal incision) was the most effective at identifying shovelnose sturgeon gender. In most cases, success rate for identifying males was greater than females, with success at identifying both genders greater in more advanced reproductive stages. Concomitantly, for most months average reproductive stage was more advanced for males than females. April and May were the months with the most advanced reproductive stage, and were the months when ultrasound was most effective. Methods were also applied in the Upper Missouri River to validate their use on pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus. Ultrasound was successful at identifying pallid sturgeon gender, however, endoscopic examination through the urogenital duct was only successful at identifying pallid sturgeon gender when the urogenital duct was not opaque.
Microwave‐assisted ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate in the presence of ionic liquid

Microwave-assisted ring-opening polymerization (MROP) of trimethylene carbonate in the presence of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) ionic liquid was investigated. In the presence of 5 wt % [bmim]BF4, poly (trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) with a number-average molar mass (Mn) of 36,400 g/mol was obtained at 5 W for only 60 min. The Mn of PTMC synthesized in the presence of [bmim]BF4 was much higher than that produced in bulk at the same reaction time. In addition, compared with those produced by conventional heating, the Mn of PTMC and monomer conversion by MROP with or without [bmim]BF4 were both higher. Thermal properties of the resulting PTMC were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. Under microwave irradiation in the presence of ionic liquid, the polymerization could be carried out efficiently and effectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5857–5863, 2007
Hypersymbioses in the pinnotherid crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae): a review

Members of the brachyuran family Pinnotheridae are nearly all symbionts of other invertebrates; some crabs are parasitic and others are commensal. Most live inside bivalve molluscs or in the tubes or burrows of polychaetes and other marine organisms. Animals living on or in pinnotherid crabs are considered to be hypersymbiotic and are reviewed here. Hypersymbionts are poorly represented within only 26 members (∼8.6%) of the Pinnotheridae (20 species in the subfamily Pinnotherinae and six species in the Pinnothereliinae). Parasitic hypersymbionts are as follows: three species of fungi; one cestode larva (undescribed procercoid of Trypanorhynchida); one trematode metacercaria (undescribed Microphallidae); nematode cysts (undescribed); three species of Nemertea (Carcinonemertidae, two undescribed); two species of rhizocephalan Cirripedia (Sacculinidae; plus five or more undescribed potential sacculinid species); epicaridean Isopoda [13 species of Bopyridae (one undescribed) and four species of entoniscids (E...
Child and Adolescent Affective and Behavioral Distress and Elevated Adult Body Mass Index.

Obesity rates throughout the world have risen rapidly in recent decades, and are now a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Several studies indicate that behavioral and affective distress in childhood may be linked to elevated adult body mass index (BMI). The present study utilizes data from a 20-year longitudinal study to examine the relations between symptoms of conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression during late childhood and mid-adolescence and BMI during emerging adulthood. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. Results suggest that childhood and adolescent problems may influence adult BMI through direct impacts on adolescent overweight, a condition which then persists into adulthood.
A quantitative analysis of analogy by similarity

In the absence of specific relevance information, the traditional assumption in the study of analogy has been that the most similar analogue is most likely to provide the correct solutions; a justification for this assumption has been lacking, as has any relation between the similarity measure used and the probability of correctness of the analogy. We show how a statistical analysis can be performed to give the probability that a given source will provide a successful analogy, using only the assumption that there are some relevant features somewhere in the source and target descriptions. The predicted variation of the probability with source-target similarity corresponds closely to empirical analogy data obtained by Shepard for human and animal subjects for a wide variety of domains. The utility of analogy by similarity seems to rest on some very fundamental assumptions about the nature of our representations.
Equilibrium solutions for partially immersed relativistic electron beams

The equations relating the beam radius and axial electron velocity to easily measurable external beam parameters are developed for solid, relativistic beams. The beam parameters are tunnel voltage, beam current, axial magnetic field, cathode magnetic field, tunnel radius, and cathode radius. The equations are sufficiently complex to warrant the use of a digital computer if many cases are to be evaluated. Error indicators are formulated to prevent use of the relations beyond their range of validity. The equilibrium solutions for relativistic electron beams from unshielded cathodes show that the required magnetic focusing field is lower than that computed from nonrelativistic formulas. The angular magnetic field produced by the beam itself aids in focusing the electrons. The potential depression due to space charge is analyzed. Correction curves are given which allow the use of nonrelativistic equations in predicting equilibrium behavior. The maximum possible microperveance of relativistic beams is shown to be lower than the classical value of 25.4.
Linear Quadratic Tracking Design for a Generic Transport Aircraft with Structural Load Constraints

When designing control laws for systems with constraints on the tracking performance, control allocation methods can be utilized. Control allocation methods are used when there are more command inputs than controlled variables. Control allocators can be used to address surface saturation limits, structural load limits, drag reduction constraints, or actuator failures. Most transport aircraft have many actuated surfaces compared to the three control variables (such as angle of attack, roll rate, and angle of sideslip). To distribute the control effort among the redundant set of actuators, a fixed mixer approach or online control allocation techniques can be utilized. The benefit of an online allocator is that complex constraints can be considered in the design; however, an online control allocator has the disadvantage of not guaranteeing a surface schedule, which can then produce unacceptable loads on the aircraft. The load uncertainty and complexity has prevented some controller designs from using advanced online allocation techniques. This paper considers actuator redundancy management for a class of over-actuated systems with real-time structural load limits using linear quadratic tracking applied to the generic transport model (a twin-engine heavy civil transport aircraft). With the inclusion of static load constraints in the allocator, the concern of overstressing the structures should be minimized or even eliminated. The results include three test cases. The first test case shows what happens when load constraints are applied over six left- and right-wing locations, with comparison to the same roll input run without load constraints. Test case two shows what happens when a large commanded roll is executed with the same load constraints as those used in test case one; this run is intended to stress the loads allocator. Test case three shows the robustness of the linear quadratic augmented allocator system to uncertainties; a 35-percent change in the control effectiveness plant model will be shown, in which the controller is kept the same as in test cases one and two with six load constraints.
Characteristics of Peace Corps Host Countries and The Behavior of Volunteers

To test the hypothesis that intercountry variability in the average performance of Volunteers is associated with characteristics of Peace Corps countries, 10 overseas criterion measures of Volunteer behavior were correlated with nine socio-economic and linguistic indices for 44 host countries. Of several correlations supporting the behavior-environment hypothesis, the relationships between completion-of-service rates and linguistic standardization indices were most striking. By interpreting the linguistic standardization index as reflecting the extent to which intercultural communication may have affected host country nationals' perceptions of foreigners, a cultural exposure hypothesis was derived. It was argued that in countries characterized by relatively little cultural exposure, Volunteers may be more successful since their credibility as agents-of-change is enhanced by their cultural unusualness, as perceived both by themselves and by the country nationals.
First Hot Electron Measurements in Near-ignition Scale Hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility

On the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the hot electrons generated in laser heated hohlraums are inferred from the >20 keV bremsstrahlung emission measured with the FFLEX broadband spectrometer. New high energy (>200 keV) time resolved channels were added to meet requirements for ignition and to infer the generated >170 keV hot electrons that can cause ignition capsule preheat. First hot electron measurements in near ignition scaled hohlraums heated by 96–192 NIF laser beams are presented.
Current applications of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases.

Abstract Context.—To review the applications of flow cytometry in the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency disease. Data Sources.—Articles describing the use of flow cytometry in th...
Morphology, temperature, and eruption dynamics at Pele

Abstract The Pele region of Io has been the site of vigorous volcanic activity from the time of the first Voyager I observations in 1979 up through the final Galileo ones in 2001. There is high-temperature thermal emission from a visibly dark area that is thought to be a rapidly overturning lava lake, and is also the source of a large sulfur-rich plume. We present a new analysis of Voyager I visible wavelength images, and Galileo Solid State Imager (SSI) and Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) thermal emission observations which better define the morphology of the region and the intensity of the emission. The observations show remarkable correlations between the locations of the emission and the features seen in the Voyager images, which provide insight into eruption mechanisms and constrain the longevity of the activity. We also analyze an additional wavelength channel of NIMS data (1.87 μm) which paradoxically, because of reduced sensitivity, allows us to estimate temperatures at the peak locations of emission. Measurements of eruption temperatures on Io are crucial because they provide our best clues to the composition of the magma. High color temperatures indicative of ultramafic composition have been reported for the Pillan hot spot and possibly for Pele, although recent work has called into question the requirement for magma temperatures above those expected for ordinary basalts. Our new analysis of the Pele emission near the peak of the hot spot shows color temperatures near the upper end of the basalt range during the I27 and I32 encounters. In order to analyze the observed color temperatures we also present an analytical model for the thermal emission from fire-fountains, which should prove generally useful for analyzing similar data. This is a modification of the lava flow emission model presented in Howell (Howell, R.R. [1997]. Icarus 127, 394–407), adapted to the fire-fountain cooling curves first discussed in Keszthelyi et al. (Keszthelyi, L., Jaeger, W., Milazzo, M., Radebaugh, J., Davies, A.G., Mitchell, K.L. [2007]. Icarus 192, 491–502). When applied to the I32 observations we obtain a fire-fountain mass eruption rate of 5.1 × 10 5 kg s −1 for the main vent area and 1.4 × 10 4 kg s −1 for each of two smaller vent regions to the west. These fire-fountain rates suggest a solution to the puzzling lack of extensive lava flows in the Pele region. Much of the erupted lava may be ejected at high speed into the fire-fountains and plumes, creating dispersed pyroclastic deposits rather than flows. We compare gas and silicate mass eruption rates and discuss briefly the dynamics of this ejection model and the observational evidence.
Teaching multiple audiences from a distance

Technical communicators commonly distinguish between the audience of academic writing-where students write to an audience of one (the teacher)-and the more complex and multilayered communication that goes on between technical writers and their multiple audiences in professional organizations. Distance education (through the use of multiple technologies such as e-mail, discussion lists, electronic bulletin boards, Internet chat rooms, etc.) can expand students' opportunities to interact with multiple readers-specialized discussion groups, external experts, professional communicators and business professionals, in addition to a diverse range of class participants. Furthermore, distance learning enables students to participate in the class while in the context of their homes or workplaces, allowing them to transcend the classroom context and bringing them into unmediated contact with primary audiences for their writing as well as external audiences.
Interannual Changes of the Stratospheric Circulation: Influence on the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere.

Abstract Interannual changes of dynamical structure and ozone are investigated in the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere over the 1980s and 1990s. Changes of dynamical structure over the winter hemisphere are accompanied by coherent changes over the summer hemisphere, but of opposite sign. They are most noticeable during northern winter, when amplified planetary waves of the Northern Hemisphere drive strong downwelling in the Arctic stratosphere that penetrates well into the troposphere. Changes over the summer hemisphere operate coherently and in phase with weaker changes over the Tropics. Coherent changes appear even inside the tropical troposphere, where they coincide with regions of deep convection. Changes in the summer hemisphere and Tropics both operate coherently but out of phase with changes over the Arctic, which in turn operate coherently with anomalous forcing of the residual mean circulation. Anomalous summertime structure modulates the polar low in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphe...
Conservation patterns’ analysis of 18,364 candidate human-specific regulatory sequences revealed two distinct pathways of the human regulatory DNA divergence

Thousands of candidate human-specific regulatory sequences (HSRS) have been identified, supporting the idea that unique to human phenotypes result from human-specific alterations of genomic regulatory networks. Here, conservation patterns analysis of 18,364 regulatory DNA segments comprising candidate HSRS was carried out using the most recent releases of the reference genomes’ databases of humans and nonhuman primates (NHP) and defining the sequence conservation threshold as the minimum ratio of bases that must remap of 1.00. Present analyses identified 5,535 candidate HSRS defined by either the acceleration of mutation rates on the human lineage or the functional divergence from chimpanzee that are highly conserved in NHP and appear to evolve by the exaptation of ancestral DNA pathway. This pathway seems mechanistically distinct from the evolution of regulatory DNA driven by the species-specific expansion of transposable elements. It is proposed that phenotypic divergence of Homo sapiens is driven by the evolution of human-specific genomic regulatory networks via at least two mechanistically distinct pathways of creation of divergent sequences of regulatory DNA: i) exaptation of the highly conserved ancestral regulatory DNA segments; ii) human-specific insertions of transposable elements.
Vibration Influence for Transporting Photovoltaic Cell

Breakages of solar cells mostly depend on the stresses induced in process, handling and transportation, and rely on the presence of defect such as micro-crack. Transporting vibration typically induces solar cell has crack propagation and performance degradation. In addition, the resonance frequency generated by test package during shipping excites the external force happened on packaged cells. This work aimed to evaluate the performance and defect coherently in solar cell caused by vibration during both truck and air transportation, and analyzed the electrical data (Pmpp, Rs, Rsh) and defects in detailed. Result showed the breakage rate due to broken cell is 2 % only, but degradation rate due to abnormal cell is accumulated to 6 %, which exposed the high potential failure for transporting cells. Consequently, this paper has proposed a comprehensive test method to alleviate the reliability obstacles of solar cells, and accelerate the development of cells protection design for transportation.
The Consultants' Republic: A Review of Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger's 'Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility'

This essay reviews Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger's recent book, Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility, in which the authors argue that the future of environmentalism, and of American politics more broadly, lies not in stronger evidence, better science, and more reasoned appeals to the public, but instead in sheer marketing acumen, in forming and framing policy goals in a manner that activates the deeply embedded values and cognitive metaphors of the public. The essay first argues that Nordhaus and Shellenberger's critique of environmentalism overlooks the diversity that exists within the environmental movement and that, to a large extent, anticipates the themes they claim to be introducing. The essay then examines Nordhaus and Shellenberger's proposed alternative to environmentalism, a version of Richard Rorty - inspired romantic pragmatism that the authors dub the politics of possibility. The essay argues that Nordhaus and Shellenberger's alternative approach is ultimately self-undermining, in that virtually any policy aim on their account could be packaged and marketed to activate virtually any cultural worldview. Finally, the essay takes a more constructive turn, identifying the kinds of questions that a truly post-environmental politics would be required to answer in order to avoid the nightmare of Nordhaus and Shellenberger's republic of consultants.
Longitudinal waves in two-layered solid circular cylinder

The method of asymptotic expansions is used to construct a theory of wave-propagation along a solid cylinder made up of two layers of different elastic materials. Wave speed is determined by the ratio of the sum of the area times the effective moduli to that of the area times the densities. However, the effective modulus reduces to Youngs' modulus only if Poisson ratios are equal. The higher approximation, describing dispersive wave-motion, is further affected by the difference in wave-speeds for the two layers. This wave-speed is the ratio of effective modulus to density. The formal expansion is seen to give rise to secular terms. A uniformly valid approximation is given to this order, for the case of a travelling wave.
Analysis of Post Balloon-Burst Gondola Collisions

This paper examines the phenomenon of collisions between high-altitude gondolas connected in series via cordage in an open chain following the moment of balloon-burst. The dynamics of the problem are analyzed by considering a one-dimensional system of masses connected in series with discontinuous springs and discontinuous dampers. It is shown that gondola collisions following balloon-burst can be attributed to the transformation of potential energy stored in the cordage prior to burst into kinetic energy. Methods of mitigating the severity of the collisions are discussed.
Application and Performance Evaluation of Light-emitting Diodes Tunnel Lighting in Mines

With the development of society and the development of coal mining enterprises, green lighting more and more concern around the world, our mine green lighting project also promotion and development. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the light-emitting diode tunnel lighting and energy efficiency, then mine, the performance evaluation, and finally the green energy support measures.
Clinical showcase. Treatment of gingival recession with subepithelial connective tissue harvested from the maxillary tuberosity by distal wedge procedure.

Subepithelial connective tissue grafting can be used for root coverage,1 to increase the amount of keratinized tissue2 and to decrease root sensitivity.3 The maxillary tuberosity is reported to have thicker soft tissue than the hard palate and may therefore be a suitable donor source for connective tissue graft.4 In the case described here, subepithelial connective tissue harvested from the tuberosity area by a distal wedge procedure was used to treat gingival recession and dentin hypersensitivity in the lower premolar region.
Care for a Patient With Cancer As a Project: Management of Complex Task Interdependence in Cancer Care Delivery

Cancer care is highly complex and suffers from fragmentation and lack of coordination across provider specialties and clinical domains. As a result, patients often find that they must coordinate care on their own. Coordinated delivery teams may address these challenges and improve quality of cancer care. Task interdependence is a core principle of rigorous teamwork and is essential to addressing the complexity of cancer care, which is highly interdependent across specialties and modalities. We examined challenges faced by a patient with early-stage breast cancer that resulted from difficulties in understanding and managing task interdependence across clinical domains involved in this patient's care. We used team science supported by the project management discipline to discuss how various task interdependence aspects can be recognized, deliberately designed, and systematically managed to prevent care breakdowns. This case highlights how effective task interdependence management facilitated by project management methods could markedly improve the course of a patient's care. This work informs efforts of cancer centers and practices to redesign cancer care delivery through innovative, practical, and patient-centered approaches to management of task interdependence in cancer care. Future patient-reported outcomes research will help to determine optimal ways to engage patients, including those who are medically underserved, in managing task interdependence in their own care.
EUSO-Balloon mission to record extensive air showers from near space

The first EUSO-Balloon stratospheric flight recorded artificial tracks and pulses that were generated using a laser and optical flashers flown in helicopter under the balloon. The time at float altitude was 5 hours. The balloon was launched from Timmins, Ontario by the French Space Agency, CNES and the helicopter underflight was supported by NASA. To make the first measurements of high energy cosmic ray extensive air showers from near space, preparations are underway for a super pressure balloon flight of several weeks duration. The proposed launch site is Wanaka, New Zealand. We describe the parameters of this mission, the updated instrument, and the expected rates of extensive air showers events produced by cosmic primaries in the energy range of 5x1017 eV to 2x1019 eV. A precursor short duration flight from Aire sur l’Adour, France is also envisioned to test improvements to the instrument.
Proof-of-concept of a robotic apple harvester

There are no mechanical harvesters for the fresh market apple industry commercially available. The absence of automated harvesting technology is a critical problem because of rising production costs and increasing uncertainty about future labor availability. This paper presents the preliminary design of a robotic apple harvester. The approach adopted was to develop a low-cost, ‘undersensed’ system for modern orchard systems with fruiting wall architectures. A machine vision system fuses Circular Hough Transform and blob analysis to detect clustered and occluded fruit. The design includes a custom, six degree of freedom manipulator with an underactuated, passively compliant end-effector. After fruit localization, the system makes a linear approach to the apple and replicates the human picking process. Integrated testing of the robotic harvesting system has been completed in a laboratory environment with a replica apple tree for proof-of-concept demonstration. Experimental results show that the system picked 95 of the 100 fruit attempted with average localization and picking times of 1.2 and 6.8 seconds, respectively, per fruit. Additional work planned in preparation for field evaluation in a commercial orchard is also described.