cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Southern Blood Club Symposium: An Update On Selected Aspects of Hemochromatosis

Genetic epidemiology studies have indicated that hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) occurs in caucasians with a frequency of 3 to 13 per thousand. Clinical recognition however occurs far less frequently. The disparity is best resolved by defining HH as homozygosity for the HLA-linked hemochromatosis allele, regardless of the total body iron burden. Variability of clinical expression is explained in part by physiologic iron loss in women but variability in males may be due to environmental factors, gene-gene interactions or polymorphisms in mutated hemochromatosis alleles. Although clinical variability is great, the laboratory phenotype of HH is fairly constant and is marked by elevation of the transferrin saturation. The elevated transferrin saturation occurs early in life, before organ iron loading occurs and can be used as a screening tool to detect HH before organ damage occurs. Cloning and characterizing the HH gene, which is located within 1 centimorgan of the HLA-A locus should resolve some of the issues concerning clinical variability.
A Lyapunov function based optimal hybrid power system controller for improved transient stability

Abstract In this paper, an intelligent power system stabilizer based on a stable and optimal hybrid learning-based adaptive control architecture is proposed which is evolved from approximate dynamic programming technique. The hybrid learning controller is based on two algorithms: (a) A reinforcement learning neural network controller implemented by adaptive critic design (ACD) and (b) A model reference adaptive controller (MRAC). The proposed method uses a novel value priority architecture for integrating these two algorithms. The designed ACD approximates nonlinear functional dynamics of the power system and interacts with the MRAC that adapts based on parametric changes. The value priority scheme developed based on a softmax network generates a hybrid control signal derived from a Lyapunov stability function that evaluates identification, performance, and stability of each controller. The overall hybrid control algorithm ensures convergence to an optimal control solution without using an explicit model of the system and at the same time ensures overall system stability. Theoretical results are validated by simulation studies for electric-generator stabilization on a 2-area 5-generator power system and as a wide-area controller on IEEE 68-bus system.
Effects of x irradiation on renal function in newly-hatched chicks.

SummaryYoung chicks were exposed to 1000 r X radiation at dose rates of 6 or 43 r per minute. Determinations of excretion rate of urate and phenol red and of blood urate levels indicated that death in the initial period (within 8 to 24 hours) following high rate exposures was preceded by renal failure and a rapidly developing azotemia. Individuals that survived 24 liours or more after exposure, whatever the dose nate, continued to excrete at a normal rate. Phenol red retention invariably accompanied failure of urate excretory function.
Preparative fractionation of peptide mixture by two-dimensional chromatography and electrophosesis on paper.

Abstract A technique is described for locating peptides on paper electrophoretograms and two-dimensional maps which avoids exposure of a major portion of the peptides to chemical reagents.
Verification of MPI-based Computations.

The Message Passing Interface is a widely-used parallel programming model and is the effective standard for high-performance scientific computing. It has also been used in parallel model checkers, such as DiVinE. In this talk we discuss the verification problem for MPI-based programs. The MPI is quite large and the semantics complex. Nevertheless, by restricting to a certain subset of MPI, the verification problem becomes tractable. Certain constructs outside of this subset (such as wildcard receives) can lead to a rapid blowup in the number of states, but MPI-specific reduction techniques have led to progress in combating this state explosion. Specifying correctness is another challenge. One approach is to use a trusted sequential version of the program as the specification, and use model checking and symbolic execution techniques to establish the functional equivalence of the sequential and parallel versions. This approach is supported in extsc{Mpi-Spin}, an extension to the model checker extsc{Spin} for verifying MPI-based programs.
Glial Cells as Nitric Oxide Sources and Targets

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses glial cells as nitric oxide sources and targets. Nitric oxide (NO) production by microglia required transcription and translation and needed L-arginine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), but not calcium and calmodulin. The microglial form of the enzyme shared most of the characteristics of the macrophage nitric oxide synthase (NOS), including the ability to cause cytotoxicity when microglia are cocultured with oligodendrocytes. The ability of the astrocyte cytosol to activate soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in fibroblasts was enhanced by the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), suggesting the involvement of an unstable mediator such as NO. The rat astrocyte iNOS cDNA is 92% identical in sequence to the mouse macrophage sequence in the coding region and 81% identical in the untranslated regions. The deduced amino acid sequence is 93% identical to that of the mouse macrophage enzyme and most of the substitutions are conservative. In cells undergoing transcriptional induction of NOS, removal of the NO being formed or prevention of its formation will amplify the transcription of NOS evoked by cytokines. It is found that inducible NOS message is expressed in vivo in the brain during acute viral infection.
Exposure to infectious pathogens

Introduction For the entire evolution of our species, we have been exposed to a wide range of infectious agents – parasites, bacteria, and viruses – resulting in a range of diseases. The dental and skeletal evidence for some of these diseases, mostly chronic, is well documented (Aufderheide & Rodriguez-Martin, 1998; Ortner, 2003; Roberts & Manchester, 2005). Current bioarchaeological inquiry emphasizes biocultural perspectives of disease in relation to social, cultural, and environmental contexts and risks for infection, impacts on population, and implications for pathogen – host evolution (Armelagos & Van Gerven, 2003; Buikstra, 2010; Buikstra & Cook, 1980; Larsen & Walker, 2010). This growing record of health in past populations and especially the emphasis on origins and evolution of infectious disease in the biocultural context provides a powerful approach for understanding health determinants and outcomes in the world we live in today. Infection by a pathogen does not always result in disease. The progression from infection to disease depends on agent pathogenicity, transmission route from agent to host, and the strength and nature of the response of the host (Brown et al., 2011; Inhorn & Brown, 1990; Smith & Moss, 1994). Many acute infectious diseases or epidemics result in death of the infected individual soon after microbial attack. These infectious diseases leave no skeletal record, clouding the full picture of disease and its relationship to mortality in past populations. A number of chronic infectious diseases affect osseous tissues in patterned ways. Despite the interpretive drawbacks and sometimes lack of specificity, the study of bone lesions documenting disease provides important perspectives on health in earlier societies and the impacts of particular living circumstances on the human condition.
The Law of China's Local Government Debt Crisis: Local Government Financing Vehicles and Their Bonds

Local government financing vehicles (“LGFVs”) — companies capitalized and owned by local government and established for the purpose of raising funds for municipal infrastructure construction — emerged in China in the 1980s as a response to the severe constraints on indebtedness by local governments themselves. The mushrooming of their number and indebtedness has sparked fears about their ability to repay the debt and the consequences of a default. In addition to taking on bank debt, a number of LGFVs have also issued bonds. While observers have questioned the value of collateral typically offered as security for the bonds, we know of no extensive analysis to date of the legal quality of the collateral: what exactly are the bondholders being promised, and what is the status of those promises in the Chinese legal system? This article is an attempt to answer that question, using data from two hand-collected samples of LGFV bond prospectuses from different regions in China in two different time periods. We find that current collateralization practices vary a great deal across bond issues and have changed over time, and discuss the legal and other problems attendant upon each type of backup. Remarkably, we find that unlike our initial sample of bond issues, recent bond issues virtually all state explicitly in the prospectus that they carry no security. Thus, the popular image of local governments wildly overpromising with guarantees they are not legally empowered to give seems, at least as far as recent bond issues are concerned, to be wholly wrong. This in turn calls into question the figures commonly provided for local government debt, since they often include LGFV debt that local government is neither legally nor morally obligated to pay. To be sure, they may wish to pay creditors voluntarily, but it is misleading to label as “debt” soft obligations of this nature. Creditors who have tried to force local governments to make good on their guarantees have uniformly failed, at most receiving half of what they sought. The argument that local governments have some politically enforceable obligation to pay on their guarantees does not seem supported by the evidence.
The Application of PC Technology in Automobiles

Computer chips have made their way into virtually every part of the vehicle, from engine control and anti-lock brakes to comfort control and door locks. Today the evolution is continuing with personal computers coming to the automobile. A PC in the car presents exciting new applications for the car occupants and provides manufacturers the benefits of an open, flexible, and cost-effective computing platform.
An Other-Typological Illustration of the Exodus Story according to Dr. King’s Perception of Universal Reconciliation in His Sermon on Exodus 14:30

The article contends that Dr King makes an other -typological illustrative use of the Exodus story in his preaching – one of the most significant biblical narratives that the Black church in the US holds dear. This peculiar use of the Exodus story differentiates itself from the conventional typological understanding and use of the same story in the Black church’s history. While in the latter the Exodus story has a symbolic meaning of the irreconcilable conflict between the oppressed and the oppressing reality, in the former the same story contains a spiritual lesson that what is really hoped for in the midst of the seemingly irreconcilable racial and social conflict is compassion, liberation, and reconciliation for both parties involved. This article, by examining a representative sermon of Dr King on the Exodus story, shows that his other -typological illustrative approach originates from his fundamental theological ideal of universal reconciliation.
Impact of partitioning and oxidative processing of PAH in fogs and clouds on atmospheric lifetimes of PAH

Abstract The importance of the atmospheric aqueous phase of fogs and clouds, for the processing and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is not well known. A multiphase model was developed to determine the fate and lifetime of PAHs in fogs and clouds for a limited set of daytime conditions. The model describes partitioning between three phases (aqueous, liquid organic, and gas), experimental and estimated (photo)oxidation rates. Using a limited set of microphysical and chemical input conditions, the loss rates of PAHs in the complex three-phase system are explored. At 25 °C, PAHs with two, three and four rings are predicted to be primarily in the gas phase (fraction in the gas phase xg > 90%) while five- and six-ring PAHs partition significantly into droplets with aqueous phase fractions of 1–6% and liquid organic phase fractions of 31–91%, respectively. The predicted atmospheric chemical lifetimes of PAHs in the presence of fog or cloud droplets (
Tyro3 carboxyl terminal region confers stability and contains the autophosphorylation sites

Tyro3, a member of TAM receptor tyrosine kinase family has been suggested to be autophosphorylated upon activation. In the current study we mapped the autophosphorylation sites of murine Tyro3 to tyrosine 723 and 756, with K540 being required for its kinase activity. Knockdown of Axl significantly decreases the tyrosyl-phosphorylation of Tyro3 in fibroblasts NR6WT, suggesting an interaction among the TAM family members. Interestingly, the carboxyl terminal region of Tyro3 is required for its stability in cells with a minimal length of 1–778 amino acids which is not conserved in murine Axl, a member of TAM. These data suggest that the autophosphorylation sites of TAM RTK members are unique although they share high similarity in amino acids within their carboxyl kinase domain.
The Role of Pediatric Palliative Care in Complex Congenital Heart Disease: Three Illustrative Cases

Abstract Background: Although the role of pediatric palliative care (PPC) is well described in oncology, neonatal, and pediatric intensive care patients, the involvement of PPC in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is not well explored. CHD is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and can cause ongoing morbidity throughout the course of a child's life. PPC, with its focus on quality of life and longitudinal care through the course of an illness, could be of benefit to this population. Objective: This case description reviews the role of PPC teams in the care of patients with complex CHD. Design: Case study and analysis of three pediatric patients with complex CHD who also received PPC services. Conclusions: Involvement of PPC teams in patients with complex CHD can be beneficial for both families and caregivers. PPC teams can aid with advance care planning, goal setting, medical decision making, and bereavement support. Further research is needed to better quantify the benefits of PPC teams' invo...
Enzymic control of nucleic acid synthesis during synchronous growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. II. Deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase.

Dramatic shifts in the apparent level of dCMP deaminase were observed during synchronous growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The relationship between the periodism in the cellular level of dCMP deaminase and that previously observed for the levels of dTMP kinase and DNA, suggested that the enzymes on the dTTP biosynthetic pathway might be limiting the rate of DNA synthesis during the cell cycle. Furthermore, since dCMP deaminase and dTTP kinase are separated by one enzymatic step, yetstill reflect the same periodism in apparent level during the cell cycle, it seems probable that the structural genes for all enzymes in the dTTP biosynthetic pathway are located within the same operon.
MICROCOMPUTER SOFTWARE DESIGN

By now software development of any type is a time honored problem. While there are a number of excellent techniques available for large system software development, it appears that these techniques may not be readily applicable to many microprocessor based systems. The lack of applicability of these techniques is due largely to the “hardwarish” nature of many microprocessor applications programs. This paper presents an integrated technical and management based approach byproduct of this approach and is used throughout the paper to illustrate key points.
Cardiac surgical intensive care computer system

Optimal care of critically-ill patients during the crucial hours following open heart surgery requires experienced, well trained, and highly motivated registered nurses. The limited availability of nurses in our geographic area with these qualifications is the primary reason for our employing computer-based postoperative care techniques in the Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit of the University of Alabama Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama. We have automated many of the routine tasks in the CICU and by this means we are able to maintain the required high standard for quality of care despite constantly increasing patient loads and chronic CICU nursing staff shortages (5).
Predicting Open Ocean Currents, Fronts and Eddies

The concept of ocean prediction science, related to the forecasting of the “internal weather of the sea” is introduced as important for ocean scientific research generally and for practical application in the areas of marine operations and planetary environmental management. Systematic field estimation, melding observations obtained by remotely located and in situ sensors with dynamical model forecasts (4-dimensional data assimilation) is advocated. The characteristics of the oceanic mesoscale (analogous to the atmospheric synoptic scale) are reviewed. Forecasting the mesoscale (0(10-102 km) and 0(10-102 days)) is feasible and has been initiated, but a regional approach is now necessary. Examples of recent progress in mesoscale prediction research are presented, including an ongoing forecast system which is nowcasting and forecasting in the Gulf-Stream region in real time (GULFCASTING).
The Composition of a Composition: Just the Facts

This paper investigates the way that writers select information from multiple sources. Two groups of students wrote compositions about the reconstruction of Europe after the war. The first group wrote a report, the second group had the task of suggesting a reconstruction plan. The essays were decomposed into individual content units (facts). Each fact could be classified as coming from a set of given sources or not. Also, those from sources could further be sub-divided as being present in one source, two sources or several sources. We compared the groups by (1) total facts used and (2) distribution of facts used from various texts. We report an analysis based on standard methods that are used by researchers to analyze data from these types of studies. We briefly critique these methods and re-analyze the data using Bayesian methods. For (2) we used a hierarchical multinomial model. Posterior distributions were estimated by Monte Carlo and a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the prior.
Nonlinear Plane Waves in Hypoelastic Materials

In this chapter, some regularities in the propagation of plane waves in hypoelastic materials are expounded. The statement is divided into three parts. In the first part, the main facts from the theory of hypoelastic materials and the basic notions are introduced and discussed, and the necessary information on elastic plane waves is given. Part 2 is devoted to the transition from the general nonlinear case to a linearized model of hypoelastic material analysis, which includes linearized constitutive equations. The key point is the possibility of analyzing the presence of initial stresses and initial velocities. Part 3 presents an example plane waves exploration in the presence of initial stresses and initial velocities. Here, the influence of the initial state on the types and number of plane waves is studied along with a general approach and the simplest case of initially isotropic material. The wave effects characteristic for hypoelastic materials are described. In particular, the effect of blocking the initiation of certain types of plane waves by means of initial stresses is predicted.
Study of reactive ion etching of Si and SiO2 for CFxCl4−x gases

A parametric study of the etching of Si and SiO2 by reactive ion etching (RIE) was carried out to gain a better understanding of the etching mechanisms. The following fluorocarbons (FCs) were used in order to study the effect of the F-to-Cl atom ratio in the parent molecule to the plasma and the etching properties: CF4, CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, and CFCl3 (FC-14, FC-13, FC-12, and FC-11 respectively). The Si etch rate uniformity across the wafer as a function of the temperature of the wafer and the Si load, the optical emission as a function of the temperature of the load, the etch rate of SiO2 as a function of the sheath voltage, and the mass spectra for each of the FCs were measured. The temperature of the wafer and that of the surrounding Si load strongly influence the etch rate of Si, the uniformity of etching, and the optical emission of F, Cl, and CF2. The activation energy for the etching reaction of Si during CF4 RIE was measured. The etch rate of Si depends more strongly on the gas composition than on the sheath voltage; it seems to be dominated by ion-assisted chemical etching. The etching of photoresist shifted from chemical etching to ion-assisted chemical etching as a function of the F-to-Cl ratio and the sheath voltage. The etch rate of SiO2 depended more strongly on the sheath voltage than on the F-to-Cl ratio.
Kinetics of anatase phase transformation of TiO 2 NPs synthesized using controlled hydrolysis technique

Thermal kinetics of TiO2 NPs at varying time and at different temperatures for anatase–rutile phase transition was investigated by Powder XRD diffraction analysis. Decrease in the diffraction intensities of XRD peaks of anatase phase (101) was observed from 900 °C onwards, which substantiates the evolution of rutile phase. Isothermal curves of transformed rutile mass fraction as a function of varying time were investigated at 925 °C and 950 °C and the data were fitted using Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. Thermal behavior of nanostructured TiO2 was characterized using thermogravimetry and differential analyses. In addition, specific heat capacities of the synthesized TiO2 NPs at higher temperature range were reported. By recapitulating the results, we indicate that TiO2 NPs synthesized by controlled hydrolysis technique prolongs the transition state and it can be concluded that interfacial nucleation and growth site improvements are accomplished by activation energy. Activation energy calculated for varying time derivatives was found to be 39 kcal/mol, 64 kcal/mol and 175 kcal/mol.
Interplay between the potential of photovoltaic systems and agricultural land use

The recent decrease in solar photovoltaic (PV) investment cost has transformed the attractiveness of the technology. Southern Europe has one of the highest levels of solar radiation in the world, and policy makers are very keen to take full advantage of this resource for electricity and heat production. However, physiographic characteristics and specific land uses (e.g. agro-forestry and nature conservation) present important spatial constraints. This paper proposes a methodology for the evaluation of utility-scale solar PV projects’ (>1 MW) technical potential. The municipality of Evora (Portugal) was used as a case study, considering topographical features and spatial planning regulations. Three compatible scenarios for solar PV farms and other competing land uses were studied. The assessment was carried out using a geographic information system and statistical tools. It was conducted for four sizes of PV project (1, 10, 20 and 30 MW) consisting of two different technology types: concentrated PV and crystalline-silicon tracking PV. Concentrated PV 1 MW projects were found to have greater adaptability for use in available areas dispersed throughout the territory, while preserving land for agriculture and nature conservation. The scenario with land primacy for agricultural purposes reduced PV technical potential by more than half (from 2494 to 1116 MW). Nevertheless, the remaining potential was sufficient to cover substantial shares of local annual electricity consumption. The results provided support for future spatial planning regulations and local sustainable energy action plans.
Medicare for All and Its Rivals: New Offshoots of Old Health Policy Roots.

Maintaining the status quo would leave 36.2 million persons in the United States uninsured in 2027 while costs would balloon. In response, Democrats are proposing single-payer and public-option ref...
Grand unified model predictions for neutrino oscillation parameters compatible with the large mixing angle solution

Within the framework of an SO(10) GUT model that can accommodate both the atmospheric and the LMA solar neutrino mixing solutions, we present explicit predictions for the neutrino oscillation parameters ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}2{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13},$ ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}2{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{12},$ ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}2{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23},$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{21}^{2}.$ Precise measurements of ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}2{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{12}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{21}^{2}$ by KamLAND can be used to precisely determine the GUT model parameters. We find that the model can then be tested at neutrino superbeams and neutrino factories with precision neutrino oscillation measurements of ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}2{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23},$ ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}2{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13},$ and the leptonic $\mathrm{CP}$ phase ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{CP}}.$
Quality and Variability of Online Available Physical Therapy Protocols From Academic Orthopaedic Surgery Programs for Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.

Background:Unlike the literature on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, studies on medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction lack evidence-based guidelines regarding postoperative...
The p Factor and the n Factor: Associations Between the General Factors of Psychopathology and Neuroticism in Children

Research across age groups has consistently indicated that psychopathology has a general factor structure such that a broad latent dimension (or p factor) captures variance common to all mental dis...
Association of platelet function with depression and its treatment with sertraline in patients with chronic kidney disease: analysis of a randomized trial

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) can lead to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although one of the proposed mechanisms is heightened platelet activation, effects of MDD and its treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on platelet function in patients with CKD remain unclear. In a pre-specified analysis, changes from baseline to 12 weeks in whole blood platelet aggregation (WBPA) and plasma levels of E-selectin and P-selectin on treatment with sertraline vs. placebo were investigated in 175 patients with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 ml/min/1.73m2) and MDD (MDD+/CKD+) in a randomized, double-blind trial. Correlations between severity of depressive symptoms and platelet function were also analyzed. In order to investigate whether differences in platelet function were due to presence of CKD or MDD, we compared a subgroup of 49 MDD+/CKD+ patients with eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 to 43 non-depressed CKD controls (28 CKD with eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 [MDD−/CKD+] and 15 individuals with eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73m2 [MDD−/CKD-]. In MDD+/CKD+ individuals, there were no significant correlations between severity of depressive symptoms and platelet function, and no significant changes in platelet function after 12 weeks of treatment with sertraline vs. placebo. There were no significant differences in platelet function among MDD+/CKD+ patients and controls without MDD except in WBPA to 10 μM ADP (P = 0.03). WBPA to ADP was lower in the MDD−/CKD- group (8.0 Ω [5.0 Ω, 11.0 Ω]) as compared to the MDD−/CKD+ group (12.5 Ω [8.0 Ω, 14.5 Ω]), P = 0.01, and the MDD+/CKD+ group (11.0 Ω [8.0 Ω, 15.0 Ω]), P < 0.01. Heightened ADP-induced platelet aggregability was observed in CKD patients compared to controls with normal kidney function, regardless of presence of comorbid MDD, and treatment with sertraline did not affect platelet function. These findings suggest that increased platelet activation may not be a major contributory underlying mechanism by which depression may lead to worse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD. Future studies should include positive MDD controls without CKD to confirm our findings. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier numbers: CAST Study: NCT00946998 (Recruitment Status: Completed. First Posted: July 27, 2009. Results First Posted: January 30, 2018). WiCKDonASA Study: NCT01768637 (Recruitment Status: Completed. First Posted: January 15, 2013. Results First Posted: April 19, 2019).
Pediatric Renal Tumors: Diagnostic Updates

Pediatric renal tumors are rare, and share very little overlap with adult renal tumors. By far, the most common is Wilms tumor, a triphasic tumor with an average presentation of 2–5 years of age and a very good prognosis. Unfavorable histology in Wilms tumor is a marker of adverse prognosis, and is defined by diffuse anaplasia. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is a spindle cell tumor found almost exclusively in infants. The cellular variant has a characteristic t(12;15) ETV6–NTRK3 rearrangement. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney has variable histology, and has been recently described to often have BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) internal tandem duplication repeats. Rhabdoid tumor has characteristic rhabdoid morphology and loss of INI1 staining by immunohistochemistry, a surrogate marker for SMARCB1 inactivation. Renal carcinomas are very rare in the pediatric population, but may be seen. These include MiT-translocation associated renal cell carcinomas; positive immunohistochemistry for TFE3 is a surrogate for the characteristic translocations. Renal medullary carcinomas are very aggressive tumors found almost exclusively in patients with sickle cell trait; INI1 loss by immunohistochemistry is characteristic. Two pediatric renal tumors are related to alterations in DICER1: cystic nephroma and anaplastic sarcoma of kidney. Ossifying renal tumor of infancy is a very rare, benign kidney tumor seen almost exclusively in infants.
Multimodal coordination of vocal and gaze behavior in mother-infant dyads across the first year of life.

Research examining mother-infant interactions indicates a close connection between vocal and gaze behavior. The present longitudinal study examined the development of both intraindividual and dyadic coordination of vocal and gaze behavior in mother-infant dyads at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Mother and infant vocalization and gaze behavior during in-home toy play interactions were coded on a moment-by-moment basis and coordinations (i.e., co-occurrences and sequences of behavior) were compared to randomized baselines in order to determine whether coordinate exceeded chance levels. Infants timed their own vocalizations with gaze to partner's face and inhibited vocalizations during gaze to objects at greater than chance levels across the first year. Mother's displayed above-chance intraindividual coordination of vocalizations and gaze to partner's face and objects. Mothers and infants demonstrated dyadic coordination of vocalizations and gaze at above-chance levels, but developmental change and leading-following dynamics varied based on gaze location (i.e., face vs. object). Results emphasize the importance of examining coordination across communication modalities and of considering bidirectional influences on mother and infant vocal and gaze behavior.
A next generation ultra short pulse reflectometry (USPR) diagnostic.

Ultrashort Pulse Reflectometry (USPR) is a plasma diagnostic technique involving the propagation and reflection of ultrashort duration (∼few ns) chirps. The reflected packets pass through a multichannel filter with time-of-flight measurements performed on each of the filtered packets. A next generation USPR system is under development, spanning 28–75 GHz, for use on compact, short duration, magnetically confined fusion devices. This system presents a dramatic increase in performance compared with an earlier USPR system employed on the LLNL Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment device more than a decade ago. The new system replaces upconverting mixers with higher power active multiplier chains to generate mm-wave transmitter chirps, with custom time-of-flight electronics reducing the time per measurement by a factor of 3X. Finally, the system is equipped with a field programmable gate array for data acquisition and analysis.
Minimal Dissection Direct Frontalis Muscle Advancement Flap for Congenital Ptosis Repair.

BACKGROUND Frontalis flap advancement is an alternative means of congenital ptosis repair from frontalis suspension utilizing autologous fascia or allogenic implants. Variations in technique, including flap division, location and number of skin incisions, and dissection planes, are described in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective case series of patients with congenital myogenic ptosis treated with simplified, minimal dissection frontalis flap advancement involving a single upper eyelid crease incision with dissection in the preseptal and subcutaneous planes without division to mobilize the frontalis flap. Inclusion criteria: pediatric patients age < 18 years with either primary or recurrent congenital ptosis following previous surgical repair. Exclusion criteria: ptosis of neurogenic etiology or postoperative follow-up < 3 months. Primary outcome measures were postoperative margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1), the difference in MRD1 between surgical and nonsurgical eyelids in unilateral ptosis, and lagophthalmos. Secondary outcome measures included recurrence and complications. RESULTS Twenty-six patients met inclusion criteria, 24 males and 2 females. Mean postoperative MRD1 at last follow-up was 2.9 ± 1.2 mm and the mean difference in MRD1 between surgical and nonsurgical eyelids at last follow-up was 1.1 ± 1.0 mm. Average lagophthalmos at postoperative month 2 to 5 was 0.6 ± 0.7 mm. One patient demonstrated postoperative lid retraction that required re-operation. Four of 31 eyelids (12.9%) demonstrated ptosis recurrence at 5, 12, or 24 months. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective series, the authors report clinically and statistically significant surgical eyelid height improvement and symmetry between nonsurgical and surgical eyelids in congenital ptosis patients treated with minimal dissection direct frontalis flap advancement.
A Full Flexible NH4+ Ion Battery Based on the Concentrated Hydrogel Electrolyte for Enhanced Performance

Non-metal ammonium ( NH4+ ) ions have recently been explored as effective charge carriers in battery systems due to their abundancy, light weight, small hydration shells in water. The research concerning the use of NH4+ redox chemistry in batteries, particularly in flexible batteries, is still in its infancy. For the first time, we report a flexible full NH4+ ion battery (AIB) composed of a concentrated hydrogel electrolyte sandwiched between NH4 V3 O8 ⋅ 2.9H2 O nanobelts cathode and polyaniline (PANI) anode, for enhanced performance. The hydrogel electrolyte is simply synthesized by using ammonium sulfate, xanthan gum and water. As a reference, the AIB based on the liquid aqueous electrolyte is prepared first, which exhibits a capacity of 121 mAh g-1 and a capacity retention of 95 % after 400 cycles at a specific current of 0.1 A g-1 . On the other hand, the simple synthesis of the hydrogel electrolyte allows us to facilely tune and optimize the salt contents in the electrolyte, to maximize the ionic conductivity, transport kinetics, mechanical characteristics, and consequently the battery performance. It is found that the flexible battery based on the hydrogel electrolyte prepared from 3 M ammonium sulfate solution shows the best electrochemical performance, i. e., a capacity of 60 mAh g-1 while maintaining a capacity retention of 88 % after 250 cycles at a specific current of 0.1 A g-1 . Moreover, the flexible AIB retains excellent electrochemical performance when bent at different angles, demonstrating remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Therefore, this study sheds new light on the utilization of concentrated hydrogel electrolyte in the AIB chemistry, for developments of novel electrochemical energy storage technology with high safety and low cost.
Time to Eliminate Health Care Disparities in the Estimation of Kidney Function

In the wake of the racial reckoning since the spring of 2020 in the United States, efforts have emerged to identify hidden structural determinants of systemic racism in medicine. Such efforts have ...
An Examination of Pilot-Reported Trust and Response to Information Conflicts Experienced on the Flight Deck

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine how pilots respond to conflicting information on the flight deck. In this study, 108 airline, corporate, and general aviation pilots completed an ...
Ulnar Nerve Issues in Throwing Athletes

Ulnar nerve injuries are not uncommon among throwing athletes. The anatomy of the ulnar nerve and the course in which it travels through the upper extremity make it susceptible to injury, especially when the elbow is loaded in the extremes that come with throwing sports such as baseball pitching. In addition to occurring in isolation, ulnar nerve symptoms may present in patients with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) insufficiency. Postoperative ulnar nerve dysfunction is the most commonly cited complication after reconstructive surgery. This can be attributed to the fact that the ulnar nerve is in close proximity to the native ulnar collateral ligament and is at risk for injury during surgery. To identify and protect the nerve, Jobe in his original description of the procedure, dissected out the nerve from the cubital tunnel and then transposed the nerve anteriorly in a submuscular fashion after the reconstruction was performed. However, the dissection and transposition itself may also present a risk for postoperative ulnar neuropathy. In light of this, Jobe’s original surgical technique which has undergone several modifications in the surgical approach to the UCL and handling of the ulnar nerve, which has improved the postsurgical complication rate.
MICROORGANISMS FROM ARMS AND HANDS OF DAIRY PLANT WORKERS

Microorganisms shed into decontaminated air from arms and hands of four dairy plant workers were collected on plates of various selective media using a Casella sampler. Microorganisms selected for ...
The Founding of the Carlisle Indian School

OF THE various attempts that have been made to solve the Indian p oblem, one method which was used r latively late in our national history was that of education. The school at Car lisle, Pennsylvania, marked the beginning of a new policy of the federal government in regard to education of the Indians. The aim of the school was to take the red man out of his environment and to teach him the rudiments of modern life in a civilized com munity. To appreciate the situation in 1879, the year when the school at Carlisle was founded, it is necessary to take a brief glance backwards. Until the last quarter of the nineteenth century the govern ment did little to encourage the education of the aborigines. Dur ing colonial days attempts to educate the Indian were made by a handful of enthusiastic individuals without adequate means, or by a half-hearted Congress devoid of genuine interest. In 1794 the national government entered upon three-quarters of a century of treaty making with the Indians by which various tribes were promised some form of education. But when the time came to vote money for this purpose, Congress conveniently forgot its obligations. So, from 1819 till 1870 the process of civilizing the native was left to various missionary societies, while the govern ment took no active part except to subsidize these religious en deavors in a feeble way. After the Indians had been confined to reservations and reduced to a comparatively helpless state, the government began to carry out some of its past obligations. In 1870 it established some of the first day schools and boarding schools on the reservations. Although industrial training was a prominent feature, the courses were elementary, and the day schools especially were hampered by poor equipment, inefficient teachers, and an environment that 72
Self-Assessment and Improvement Process

The SAIP is an assessment method that helps organizations integrate moral values within their policies, practices, and culture. The method is modeled upon the assessment approach pioneered within the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program. SAIP-based assessment tools translate a set of moral principles into an inventory of questions concerning a firm's management system. Answering these questions on the basis of evidence – for example, using documents that describe how the organization operates, as well as the outcomes it has attained – yields a qualitative and quantitative appraisal of the degree to which the principles have been embedded within the policies and processes that shape its work. The assessment results also support the formulation of initiatives designed to better align the organization's management system with these moral standards. Applied periodically, SAIP-based assessment tools help firms establish a discipline of continuous learning and improvement on organizational ethics. By providing leaders with a practical way to shape their firm's moral character, the SAIP method helps executives address the growing public expectation that, all enterprises will conduct their affairs in an ethically responsible manner. Keywords: Baldrige program; corporate conscience; ethics assessment; corporate self-assessment; examination of conscience
Improved Gradient Algorithm for Two-Point Boundary Value Problems

Although variable final point problems can be readily solved by the gradient procedure, the two-point case is troublesome. In the present paper the original two-point boundary value problem is replaced by one with a variable endpoint. The minimum of the cost functional of the original formulation appears in the new problem as a free parameter. The two problems have identical solution extremals provided the parameter is given its correct value. The new problem is solved initially using an estimate for the parameter and a first order correction is then calculated. This process is repeated until all the boundary values lie within their tolerances. The efficacy of the method is shown by its application to three-dimensional aircraft trajectory optimization.
Classroom Interpreting Games with an Illustration.

Classroom communication has been recognized as a process in which ideas become objects of reflection, discussion, and amendments affording the construction of private mathematical meanings that in the process become public and exposed to justification and validation. This paper describes an explanatory model named “interpreting games”, based on the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce, that accounts for the interdependence between thought and communication and the interpretation of signs in which teacher and students engage in mathematics classrooms. Interpreting games account both for the process of transformation (in the mind of the learner) of written marks into mathematical signs that stand for mathematical concepts and for the continuous and converging private construction of mathematical concepts. Teacher–student and student–student collaborative interactions establish a mathematical communication that shapes and is also shaped by the conceptual domains and the domains of intentions and interpretations of the participants. A teaching episode with third graders is analyzed as an example of a classroom interpreting game.
Distributed learning metadata standards

SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIES can be achieved in distributed learning systems architected with a focus on interoperability and reuse. The key building blocks of an efficient distributed learning architecture are the use of standards and XML technologies. The goal of plug and play capability among various components of a distributed learning system requires the specification of standards for each component. Here we examine one component in distributed learning system architecture, namely, the metadata for the learning object. Metadata enables the cataloging and discovery of educational materials. Two metadata standards are LOM (Learning Object Metadata) and Dublin Core Metadata Element Set. LOM was released as IEEE 14.12.1 in June 2002. Dublin Core was ratified by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in January 2003 as ISO 15836. Interoperability of components across platforms, languages, and systems utilizes XML technologies to implement the distributed learning standards. We include an explanation of the fundamentals of XML and explore the role of XML technologies in distributed learning.
SU-E-T-482: Novel Planning Technique for Treating Large Volume Arteriovenous Malformations Using SRS

Purpose: An Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein bypassing a capillary. AVMs if left untreated can bleed and cause other neurological complications including death. Stereotactic radiosurgery is used as an alternative to conventional surgery to obliterate the AVM nidus (the central core of the AVM). SRS is generally restricted to small volume (less than 5cc) AVMs. Typically single fraction SRS doses of 1600–2000cGy are delivered to the contoured volume of the AVM while ensuring sharp gradients at the interface of AVM and normal brain. We discuss a novel strategy of dosing large volume AVMs (5–20cc) using a differential dose scheme that delivers 1600cGy at the rim and 2000cGy at the nidus of the AVM. Methods: Accuray CyberKnife (G‐3), Multiplan V3.5 treatment planning system. Patient CT, MRI and other imaging studies are sent to the Multiplan planning system. The neurosurgeons and the radiation oncologist at our site contour the AVM and the relevant anatomy. The contoured AVM volume is contracted by 2.5mm, and a rim is created by subtracting the previously contracted structure from the AVM. A treatment plan is generated using iterative planning,using custom planning structures. The treatment plan delivers 2000cGy to the core of the AVM, and 1600cGy at the rim, while keeping the dose gradient at the AVM normal brain interface high, enabling us to spare surrounding brain tissue. Results: Post treatment follow‐up imaging done at 3, 6 and 12 months shows a gradual diminishing and obliteration of the nidus. Conclusion: We conclude that this scheme of differential dosing enables us to treat larger volume AVMs effectively and safely.
An Investigation of the Stages of Bereavement.

A sample population of 692 individuals (age thirteen through twenty-six) was utilized to investigate the stages of bereavement. The Thurston Equal-Appearing Interval Attitude scale designed to measure attitudes toward death was used. The mean death attitude score was studied with respect to recency of death experience (i.e., How long has it been since an emotionally close friend or relative of yours has died?). Plotting the means for each month up to twelve months yielded a series of five stages the mourner passes through. The stages, which indicate final acceptance for mourners as occurring around the eighth month after death, were resolved as normal. While the time element is significant, the fluctuations in death attitudes of mourners is more so for purposes of counseling and understanding.