cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The HMQC-NOESY experiment without decoupling during acquisition for detection of nOe between pseudo-equivalent protons

The pseudo-symmetric structure of benzo[f]phenanthro[9′,10′:4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinoline causes overlap of the resonances corresponding to H1 and H15 and also those of H11 and H12. We report here the observation of nOe between these pseudo-equivalent protons using the HMQC-NOESY experiment acquired without decoupling during acquisition.
GYNECOLOGY AND FAMILY PLANNING CARE FOR THE WOMAN INFECTED WITH HIV

In 1993 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) expanded the case definition for AIDS. 77 The classification system for HIV infection now includes several gynecologic diseases. Clinical category B illnesses, those attributable to or complicated by HIV, include persistent, frequent, or poorly responsive vaginal candidiasis, moderate or severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Clinical category C illnesses that are AIDS-defining include chronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) ulcers and invasive cervical cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge on the interrelationship of HIV infection and each of these gynecologic diseases. Family planning options for HIV-infected women are examined.
Hall effect and conductivity in pyrite NiS2.

We report Hall-effect measurements on single crystals of antiferromagnetic pyrite-type ${\mathrm{NiS}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$=40 K), in which the resistivity appears to show a metal-insulator transition at T\ensuremath{\approxeq}100 K. Our transport measurements demonstrate that this transition is not intrinsic to the bulk: At low temperatures the transport is dominated by a metalliclike conduction at the surface, with carrier density ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$, and mobility ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}1.3 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/Vs at T=0. For Tg100 K the sample conductance is dominated by the bulk, which behaves like a doped semiconductor; the acceptorlike impurity states have binding energy ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{B}}$=80 meV. The valence-band mobility is \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.002 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/Vs.
Inhibition of the browning reaction by malto-dextrin in freshly ground apples

Malto-dextrin (DE 10) was able to inhibit the browning reaction in fresh ground apples. the presence of sucrose decreased the inhibitory effect of malto-dextrin. Glucose did not show the inhibitory effect at all. the inhibitory mechanism may involve an unidentified enzymatic reaction(s), which maintains the redox potential at about 320 mv. Potassium ions increased the inhibitory effect of malto-dextrin on the browning reaction, indicating that pyruvate kinase may be involved in this mechanism.
Staying Unleashed or Back to the Leash

This is an extraordinary book that might cause a "mental revolution" in any public administration scholar who reads it. Unleashing Change is not just an outstanding study of organizational change in large government organizations. First, it is written by a Harvard University professor of management who served as the senior procurement administrator at the U.S. Office of Federal Procurement Policy and was principally responsible for the implementation of the procurement reform. Second, in this position, he devoted all his time and energy to achieving change, which turned out to be a success-the only full "A" grade given by the Brookings Institution for reinventing government efforts. Third, the book applies innovative approaches borrowed from such diverse bodies of literature as social psychology, social movements, and innovation diffusion, as well as rigorous statistical analysis. Finally and most importantly, Steven Kelman masterfully engages the reader in a provocative intellectual dialogue that reaches out to the postbureaucratic world.
Spatio-temporal modeling of chronic PM10 exposure for the Nurses' Health Study.

Abstract Chronic epidemiological studies of airborne particulate matter (PM) have typically characterized the chronic PM exposures of their study populations using city- or county-wide ambient concentrations, which limit the studies to areas where nearby monitoring data are available and which ignore within-city spatial gradients in ambient PM concentrations. To provide more spatially refined and precise chronic exposure measures, we used a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial smoothing model to predict monthly outdoor PM 10 concentrations in the northeastern and midwestern United States. This model included monthly smooth spatial terms and smooth regression terms of GIS-derived and meteorological predictors. Using cross-validation and other pre-specified selection criteria, terms for distance to road by road class, urban land use, block group and county population density, point- and area-source PM 10 emissions, elevation, wind speed, and precipitation were found to be important determinants of PM 10 concentrations and were included in the final model. Final model performance was strong (cross-validation R 2 =0.62), with little bias (−0.4 μg m −3 ) and high precision (6.4 μg m −3 ). The final model (with monthly spatial terms) performed better than a model with seasonal spatial terms (cross-validation R 2 =0.54). The addition of GIS-derived and meteorological predictors improved predictive performance over spatial smoothing (cross-validation R 2 =0.51) or inverse distance weighted interpolation (cross-validation R 2 =0.29) methods alone and increased the spatial resolution of predictions. The model performed well in both rural and urban areas, across seasons, and across the entire time period. The strong model performance demonstrates its suitability as a means to estimate individual-specific chronic PM 10 exposures for large populations.
Effect of spin slip structures on the resistivity of erbium and holmium

Abstract Single-crystal erbium and holmium each have a series of magnetic phases which have become known as ‘spin slip’ structures. These structures were first observed using X-ray and neutron diffraction by Gibbs et al . Recently the present authors reported anomalies in the temperature dependence of the magnetization of single crystals of holmium and erbium. These anomalies correspond well with the results of Gibbs et al . In this paper the results of resistivity as a function of temperature for pure single crystals of erbium and holmium are reported. In single-crystal erbium, transitions in resistivity are seen at T = 19, 25, 30, 33, 40, 50, 53 and 86 K. Resistivity data for holmium clearly show transitions at T c = 13, 20, 24 and 42 K and T N = 132 K. In addition, a large increase in the electrical noise for holmium in the temperature range 80–105 K is observed. These electrical measurements are the first reported for erbium and holmium to show the effects of spin slip structures on resistivity.
Bioresorbable Fixation for Congenital Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery: A 2-Year Follow-Up

We describe our experience with the use of a polymeric biodegradable system for the correction of congenital pediatric craniofacial malformations. These fixation methods present several advantages ove
Characterizing Shape, Dipole Moment, and Rotation of Single Proteins in Nanopores

Proteins represent the most diverse class of biomolecules in both structure and function and are involved in nearly every physiological process; their quantification, identification, and biophysical characterization is therefore of fundamental and practical importance. This work used electrolyte-filled nanopores that were coated with a lipid bilayer to characterize single, native proteins that were anchored to mobile ligands in the coating. This technique has previously been used to determine a protein's volume, charge, and ligand affinity by measuring the change in ionic current, ΔI, through the nanopore as proteins travel from one side to the other. Here, we took advantage of the dependence of ΔI on the orientation of a non-spherical particle in the nanopore to determine the shape and volume of eight different non-spherical proteins from the resulting distributions of ΔI values. Additionally, we present quantitative methods for determining the dipole moment and rotational diffusion coefficient of non-spherical proteins from single events and compare results from established techniques as well as simulations based on theory.
Integrated and spectral energetics studies of the GLAS general circulation model

Integrated and spectral error energetics of the GLAS General circulation model are compared with observations for periods in January 1975, 1976, and 1977. For two cases the model shows significant skill in predicting integrated energetics quantities out to two weeks, and for all three cases, the integrated monthly mean energetics show qualitative improvements over previous versions of the model in eddy kinetic energy and barotropic conversions. Fundamental difficulties remain with leakage of energy to the stratospheric level, particularly above strong initial jet streams associated in part with regions of steep terrain. The spectral error growth study represents the first comparison of general circulation model spectral energetics predictions with the corresponding observational spectra on a day by day basis. The major conclusion is that eddy kinetics energy can be correct while significant errors occur in the kinetic energy of wavenumber 3. Both the model and observations show evidence of single wavenumber dominance in eddy kinetic energy and the correlation of spectral kinetics and potential energy.
Tumor versus vascular photodamage in a rat tumor model

The [4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazoyl] formamide (FANFT)-induced urothelial tumor in the rat is found to express the mdr gene. The resulting multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype results in the expression of an outward transport system that prevents cellular accumulation of certain weakly cationic agents. Among the latter is a photosensitizer with known efficacy for the FANFT tumor, the copper benzochlorin iminium salt. FANFT cells are protected from direct cell kill mediated by this drug, suggesting that the substantial delay in tumor regrowth from this tumor/sensitizer combination can be attributed to vascular effects.
Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Coating for Improved Thermal Management in Piezoceramic Sheet Actuators

Minimally intrusive carbon nanotube coatings are used to demonstrate improved thermal management in piezoceramic actuators. Because of their nanoscale cylindrical structure, carbon nanotubes provide an order of magnitude increase in the exposed surface area compared to the uncoated piezoceramic sheet. This along with their excellent thermal conductivity allows the nanotube coating to act as a heat sink, drawing energy away from the bulk piezoceramic material and dissipating it to the atmosphere. Reduced self-heating of the actuator minimizes capacitive losses and reduces actuator power consumption. To demonstrate the concept, carbon nanotube films are deposited on the surfaces of 0.025 cm thick, commercially available PZT-5H sheets. Two types of carbon-based nanostructures are used to construct the coatings - (1) fluorine functionalized single-walled nanotubes (F-SWNTs) and (2) multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs). The F-SWNT coating performs better than the MWNT coating and gives up to 40% reduction in surface ...
WAY 120,491 activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels in rat tail artery

Abstract WAY 120,491 lowers blood pressure in a number of animal models. Its mechanism of action appears to be the selective opening of K + channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. The patch clamp technique was used to determine the specific K + channel affected by WAY 120,491 in isolated tail artery cells of the rat. In the inside-out configuration. WAY 120,491 caused a dose dependent partial reversal of the ATP-induced inactivation of channel activity. Glyburide (10 μM) almost completely inhibited the effect of WAY 120,491. WAY 120,491 had no effect on Ca-activated K + channels inactivated by the absence of Ca 2+ . In the whole cell configuration, 10 μM WAY 120,491 increased outward K + current. 10 μM glyburide completely reversed the increase in current. WAY 120,491 appears to be a relatively specific activator of ATP-sentive K + channels in vascular smooth muscle.
Family Versus Individual Therapy: Impact On Discrepancies Between Parents’ And Adolescents’ Perceptions Over Time

This study examined the degree of disagreement between runaway adolescents and their primary caretakers, defined as informant discrepancies, on their view of their family. How these discrepancies changed over time and whether family therapy or individual therapy could impact that change were also explored. The current sample (N = 179 dyads) included adolescent substance abusers residing in a runaway shelter and their primary caretakers. Adolescent gender was examined as a correlate of change, and treatment attendance was controlled. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to measure discrepancies between the individuals within a dyad. Results showed that among those receiving family therapy, but not individual therapy, informant discrepancies decreased significantly over time. Additionally, dyads with a male adolescent showed a significantly slower rate of improvement in discrepancy scores across time compared with dyads with a female adolescent. Previous research indicates that lower levels of discrepant perceptions are associated with better individual and relationship functioning. Therefore, this study’s findings support family therapy as superior to individual therapy for addressing parent–child discrepancies––possibly through its focus on improving family communication, perspective taking, and understanding.
Characterization of charge carrier collection in a CdZnTe Frisch collar detector with a highly collimated 137 Cs source

Abstract A 4.7 ×4.7×9.5 mm3 CdZnTe Frisch collar device was characterized through probing the device with a highly collimated Cs 137 662 keV gamma ray source. In a systematic series of experiments, the detector was probed along the length and width with a Cs 137 gamma ray source using a 43.0 mm long Pb-collimator with a 0.6 mm circular hole. The detector was probed along the central line under different operating voltages of 1200, 1000, 800, 600 and 400 V. The experimental results correlated well to charge collection calculations for a modeled device with the same size and operating conditions. It was proved that, unlike the planar configuration, the charge collection efficiency profile along the length of Frisch collar device is considerably improved. The CdZnTe raw materials for this study were acquired from Redlen Technologies, and the Frisch collar device was fabricated and characterized at S.M.A.R.T. Laboratory at Kansas State University.
Oligopeptides as sources of indispensable amino acids for mammalian cells in culture.

The ability of peptides containing lysine to satisfy the lysine requirement of mammalian cells in a medium otherwise free of this indispensable amino acid was investigated. In contrast to bacteria, which are unable to utilize pentalysine and higher homologs, mammalian cells are able to grow in the presence of di- to decalysine. For each oligopeptide, the response was proportional to concentration within a limited range. The duration of the lag and logarithmic growth phases was directly proportional to peptide size, and the growth rate decreased with peptide size. Utilization of decalysine was not accompanied by the accumulation of smaller oligomers in the medium or in the trichloroacetic acid soluble fraction of a cell lysate. However, enzymes capable of hydrolyzing decalysine were clearly demonstrable inside the cells and in the spent culture medium. It is concluded that the rate of uptake is inversely proportional to peptide size and is growth rate-limiting, and that free lysine produced by intracellular peptidases is used as quickly as it is formed. Although the serum proteins used to supplement the growth medium contained more lysine in peptide linkage than is needed by the cells, this lysine is not available to the cells in significant amount.
Beak trimming and genetic stock effects on behavior and mortality from cannibalism in White Leghorn-type pullets

Abstract Removal of half of the upper and less of the lower beak of pullet chicks at 4 weeks of age resulted in less pecking at feed, fewer non-agonistic pecks of all kinds, less moving and preening, and more inactive standing and crouching during the following 3 weeks. Escape and avoidance behavior did not differ for 8–9-week-old, intact-beak and trimmed-beak pullets. Body weights, used as indirect indicators of feed intake, were initially suppressed following beak treatment, but trimmed-beak pullets were only marginally lighter by 27 weeks of age. Beak length measures taken 3 months after beak trimming indicated that regrowth had not occurred. Beak trimming was highly beneficial in reducing beak-inflicted feather loss and mortality from cannibalistic pecking in two of three commercial genetic stocks. Pullets of the third stock suffered no greater feather loss when their beaks were left intact than when they were trimmed, and mortality from cannibalistic pecking was essentially absent in this stock, regardless of beak treatment. These results indicate that either no beak trimming or less severe beak trimming is a practical possibility for poultry producers, as soon as appropriate genetic stocks are identified.
Medical complications of eating disorders: an update

Eating disorders continue to be a prevalent problem in modern society, with serious, potentially lifethreatening consequences. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is estimated to affect 1% of all children, adolescents, and young adults, bulimia nervosa (BN) is found in 1% to 19% depending on population surveyed, and “eating disorder not otherwise specified” (EDNOS) is found in as many as two-thirds of college athletes and other high risk groups [1–4]. The medical complications caused by eating disorders involve almost all organ systems and can be viewed in terms of consequences of: (a) starvation, (b) purging behaviors, and (c) binge eating. This article will review the medical complications as they affect various organ systems in patients with eating disorders. An overview of these medical effects is outlined in Table 1.
Prediction of bioaccumulation of metals from contaminated sediments by the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus

Abstract Short-term tests with benthic species have shown that certain cationic metals (cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc, copper) in sediments are not bioavailable when acid volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations are sufficient to bind the metals, and/or when concentrations of metals in the sediment pore water are small. It was uncertain, however, whether a similar lack of bioavailability could be predicted when evaluating metal bioaccumulation in long-term exposures. In this study, we exposed the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus to sediments from the lower Fox River, Wisconsin, which contained elevated concentrations of metals. Based on solid-phase metal and AVS measurements, or pore water metal concentrations, metals in the sediments were predicted to be of minimal biological availability. After a 30 day exposure to the test sediments, L. variegatus contained concentrations of metals not significantly greater than those in control oligochaetes exposed only to Lake Superior water. This indicates that metal bioavailability models based on sediment AVS content and/or pore water concentrations may be valid for long-term as well as short-term exposures of benthic species.
Anticancer activity of tolfenamic acid in medulloblastoma: a preclinical study

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignancy in children arising in the brain. Morbidities associated with intensive therapy are serious concerns in treating MB. Our aim was to identify novel targets and agents with less toxicity for treating MB. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor regulates several genes involved in cell proliferation and cell survival including survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein. We previously showed that tolfenamic acid (TA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth by targeting Sp1. We investigated the anticancer activity of TA using human MB cell lines and a mouse xenograft model. DAOY and D283 cells were treated with vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) or TA (5–50 μg/ml), and cell viability was measured at 1–3 days posttreatment. TA inhibited MB cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. MB cells were treated with vehicle or TA (10 μg/ml), and the effect on cell apoptosis was measured. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (annexin V staining), and caspase 3/7 activity was determined using Caspase-Glo kit. The expression of Sp1, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), and survivin was determined by Western blot analysis. TA inhibited the expression of Sp1 and survivin and upregulated c-PARP. Athymic nude mice were subcutaneously injected with D283 cells and treated with TA (50 mg/kg, three times per week) for 4 weeks. TA caused a decrease of ~40 % in tumor weight and volume. The tumor growth inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in Sp1 and survivin expression in tumor tissue. These preclinical data demonstrate that TA acts as an anticancer agent in MB potentially targeting Sp1 and survivin.
Effects of nonionic surfactants on the solubilization and mineralization of phenanthrene in soil-water systems

The solubilization and mineralization of (14)C-phenanthrene in soil-water systems was examined with several commercially available surface-active agents, viz., an alkyl ethoxylate C(12)E(4); two alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants: C(8)PE(9.5) and C(9)PE(10.5); two sorbitan ethoxylate surfactants: the sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) and the sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80); two pairs of nonionic ethoxylate surfactant mixtures: C(12)E(4)/C(12)E(23) at a 1:1 ratio, and C(12-15)E(3)/C(12-15)E(9) at a 1:3 ratio; and two surfactants possessing relatively high critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and low aggregation numbers: CHAPS and octyglucoside. Surface tension experiments were performed to evaluate surfactant sorption onto soil and the surfactant doses required to attain the CMC in the soil-water systems. Surfactant solubilization of (14)C-phenanthrene commenced with the onset of micellization. The addition of surface-active agents was observed not to be beneficial to the microbial mineralization of phenanthrene in the soil-water systems and, for supra-CMC surfactant doses, phenanthrene mineralization was completely inhibited for all the surfactants tested. A comparison of solubilization, surface tension, and mineralization data confirms that the inhibitory effect on microbial degradation of phenanthrene is related to the CMC of the surfactant in the presence of soil. Additional tests demonstrated the recovery of mineralization upon dilution of surfactant concentration to sub-CMC levels, and a relatively high exit rate for phenanthrene from micelles. These tests suggest that the inhibitory effect is probably related to a reversible physiological surfactant micelle-bacteria interaction, possibly through partial complexing or release of membrane material with disrupting membrane lamellar structure. This study indicates that nonionic surfactant solubilization of sorbed hydrophobic organic compounds from soil may not be beneficial for the concomitant enhancement of soil bioremediation. Additional work is needed to address physicochemical processes for bioavailability enhancement, and effects of solubilizing agents on microorganisms for remediation and treatment of hydrophobic organic compounds and nonaqueous phase liquids.
Vertebral Fractures and the Misclassification of Osteoporosis in Men With Prostate Cancer

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become the cornerstone of treatment for both advanced and nonmetastatic prostate cancer. The presence of a nontraumatic vertebral fracture (VF) identifies a patient who has clinical osteoporosis. Vertebral fracture analysis (VFA), a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based technology identifies VFs in conjunction with a standard bone mineral density (BMD) examination. The objective of this study was to determine if VFA would increase the diagnosis of osteoporosis in men with prostate cancer on ADT. One hundred sixteen men aged ≥ 60yrs with nonmetastatic prostate cancer receiving ADT for ≥ 6mos underwent DXA of the spine, hip, and 1/3 distal radius, VFA, and conventional vertebral X-rays. Approximately 40% of the men had clinically defined osteoporosis. The use of conventional DXA criteria (spine and hip) alone resulted in the misdiagnosis of approx 75% of patients. VFA and addition of the 1/3 distal radius site performed by DXA both increased the rate of diagnosis and reduced the misclassification of osteoporosis in men with prostate cancer, compared with conventional DXA criteria alone. Analysis indicated that VFA assessment of mild, moderate, and severe fractures from all readable vertebrae (T5-L4) had a kappa statistic, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.92, 100%, and 95%, respectively, with semiquantitative radiography. Men with prostate cancer on ADT should be screened for osteoporosis at the initiation of therapy, and evaluation should include DXA of the 1/3 distal radius in addition to the spine and hip, as well as evaluation for VFs.
Changing patterns of radiosensitivity of hematopoietic progenitors from chronically irradiated dogs prone either to aplastic anemia or to myeloproliferative disease.

Abstract Hematopoietic patterns have been assessed in chronic 60 Co gamma irradiated dogs during preclinical phases of evolving aplastic anemia (AA) or myeloproliferative disease (MPD), principally myeloid leukemia. Within the AA-prone dog, a singular phase of progressive decline in blood levels of granulocytes and monocytes was noted along with a similar reduction in marrow progenitors committed to granulocyte/monocyte differentiation (CFU-GM). Measured radioresistance of the preAA CFU-GM in vitro , relative to control CFU-GM from nonirradiated animals, revealed only slightly increased resistance to gamma rays, but significantly increased resistance to fission neutrons. Within the MPD-prone dogs, four preclinical phases (i.e. suppression, partial recovery, accommodation, and preleukemic transition) preceding development of overt MPD were evidenced by the monitored change in blood granulocyte/monocyte counts and marrow progenitor levels. Analysis of radioresistance of preMPD CFU-GM revealed marked changes with time of exposure and, in turn, with preclinical phase transitions. Gamma ray resistance increased in the initial phases of exposure, with maximal levels occurring during the middle phase of exposure (accommodation, phase III) followed by a tailing off of resistance at later times. Resistance to fission neutrons by preMPD CFU-GM was observed as well, but somewhat later in the exposure course and at a much lower, more consistent level. These differential patterns of radioresistance expressed by marrow CFU-GM of chronically irradiated MPD-prone dogs to gamma rays and fission neutrons gave rise to preclinical phase-specific ‘relative biological effectiveness’ (RBE) values. From these observations, we conclude that: (i) CFU-GM of MPD-prone dogs acquire and maintain marked radioresistance to low linear energy transfer (LET) gamma rays, but only marginally elevated radioresistance to high-LET fission neutrons during the course of chronic gamma ray exposure; and (ii) CFU-GM of the AA-prone dog, in contrast, acquire little change in resistance to gamma rays, but, surprisingly, marked resistance to neutrons relative to progenitors from nonirradiated controls. These results support the concept that acquired radioresistance of vital granulocyte/monocyte lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitors is temporally, perhaps causally, linked to the processes mediating hematopoietic recovery and accommodation under chronic irradiation, and in turn to preclinical events of evolving MPD. In addition, the marked differential responses of progenitors to gamma and neutron irradiation in vitro might suggest differences in the nature of cellular lesions elicited by chronic gamma irradiation, in vivo .
Luttinger-field approach to thermoelectric transport in nanoscale conductors

In 1964 Q.M. Luttinger introduced an ingenious theoretical device to derive thermal transport coefficients. While thermal gradients that drive heat transport can not be included as a perturbation in the Hamiltonian, he showed that one could instead study a response to a pseudo-gravitational field that coupled to the energy density. The authors of this manuscript develop a formalism based on Luttinger's pseudo-gravitational field to study thermal transport at nanoscale. They show that their approach can reproduce the results obtained from Landauer-B\"uttiker theory commonly used to study thermal transport in nanosize systems and it can be extended to describe time-dependent thermal phenomena that were inaccessible using the traditional approach.
Ice-Pack Dermatosis: A Cold-Induced Dermatitis With Similarities to Cold Panniculitis and Perniosis That Histopathologically Resembles Lupus

Importance Cold panniculitis is a self-limited condition, manifesting as erythematous plaques or nodules after cold exposure, that typically affects infants and children. Recently, a variant involving the lateral thighs of equestrians has been described. Since the original report of this variant, some confusion has arisen in the literature in which the terms equestrian cold panniculitis and equestrian perniosis are both used. Outside of this presentation, cold panniculitis in adults is exceedingly rare. Observations We describe 2 adult patients using ice-pack therapy for chronic back pain who developed erythematous, purpuric plaques at the site of ice-pack application. Histopathologic findings from both patients were similar and showed overlapping features of perniosis and cold panniculitis that closely resembled the pattern seen in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Conclusions and Relevance Ice-pack dermatosis is an uncommon cold-induced process that occurs in adults using long-term ice-pack therapy. The clinical manifestations include erythematous to purpuric plaques with a livedolike appearance and superficial ulceration. The histopathologic features resemble those seen in cutaneous lupus erythematosus with a superficial and deep perivascular and periadnexal dermatitis with increased dermal mucin and a superficial lobular panniculitis.
The Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Therapeutic developments in the past decade have extended life expectancy in patients with metastatic disease. However, metastatic colorectal cancers remain incurable. Numerous agents that were demonstrated to have significant antitumor activity in experimental models translated into disappointing results in extending patient survival. This has resulted in more attention being focused on the contribution of tumor microenvironment to the progression of a number of solid tumors including colorectal cancer. A more complete understanding of interactions between tumor epithelial cells and their stromal elements will enhance therapeutic options and improve clinical outcome. Here we will review the role of various stromal components in colorectal carcinogenesis and discuss the potential of targeting these components for the development of future therapeutic agents.
Preoperative assessment of confrontation naming ability and interictal paraphasia production in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy

The present study examined the diagnostic utility of confrontation naming tasks and phonemic paraphasia production in lateralizing the epileptogenic region in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Further, the role of intelligence in moderating the diagnostic utility of confrontation naming tasks was assessed. Eighty patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures (40 left TLE, 40 right TLE) received the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Visual Naming subtest (VNT) of the Multilingual Aphasia Examination. The BNT was diagnostically more sensitive than the VNT in identifying left TLE (77.5% vs 17.5%, respectively). The utility of BNT performance and paraphasias was maximal in patients with Full Scale IQs >or=90 who were 6.8 times more likely to have left TLE than patients without paraphasias. Preoperative assessment of confrontation naming ability and phonemic paraphasia production using the BNT provided diagnostically useful information in lateralizing the epileptogenic region in left TLE.
Analytical solutions for the Ekman layer

The PBL equation that governs the transition from the constant-stress surface layer to the geostrophic wind in a neutrally stratified atmosphere for which the eddy viscosityK(z) is assumed to vary smoothly from the surface-layer value κU*z (κ≅0.4,U*=friction velocity,z=elevation) to the geostrophic asymptoteKG≡κU*d forz≫d is solved through an expansion in δ≡fd/κU*≪1 (f=Coriolis parameter). The resulting solution is separated into Ekman's constant-K solution an inner component that reduces to the classical logarithmic form forz≪d and isO(δ) relative to the Ekman component forz≫d. The approximationK∼κU*d is supported by the solution of Nee and Kovasznay's phenomenological transport equation forK(z), which yieldsK−κU*d exp(−βz/d), where β is an empirical constant for which observation implies, β≪1. The parametersA andB in Kazanskii and Monin's similarity relation forG/U* (G=geostrophic velocity) are determined as functions of δ. The predicted values ofG/U* and the turning angle are in agreement with the observed values for the Leipzig wind profile. The predicted value ofB based on the assumption of asymptotically constantK is 4.5, while that based on the Nee-Kovasznay model is 5.1; these compare with the observed value of 4.7 for the Leipzig profile. A thermal wind correction, an asymptotic solution for arbitraryK(z) and δ≫1, and an exact (unrestricted δ) solution forK(z)=κU*d[1−exp(−z/d)] are developed in appendices.
Steroids for Septic Shock: Back From the Dead? (Pro)

The use of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe sepsis and septic shock has been a source of controversy for the past 35 years. Despite a wealth of preclinical data supporting both survival and physiologic benefit for early steroid use, the data in human sepsis have been much less convincing. There have even been reports suggesting the potential for harm associated with the administration of early high-dose corticosteroids in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Recent trials have reported hemodynamic and survival benefits associated with the use of more physiologic steroid replacement therapy in patients with vasopressor-dependent septic shock. These results coupled with the observation of "relative adrenal insufficiency" in some patients with severe sepsis and septic shock may once again establish a defined role for corticosteroid therapy in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock.
A review of FDA warning letters and notices of violation issued for patient-reported outcomes promotional claims between 2006 and 2012.

Abstract Objective To ascertain the frequency and types of patient-reported outcome (PRO) violations made in US pharmaceutical promotional materials between 2006 and 2012 and determine whether there were increases in violation warnings after issuance of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) draft and final PRO Guidance. Methods All warning letters (WLs) or notices of violation (NOVs) issued by the FDA's Office of Prescription Drug Promotion were reviewed for PRO violations (n = 213). Each letter containing a PRO violation was reviewed to determine the type of violation: 1) PRO measure not fit for purpose, 2) study design/interpretation of results, 3) statistical analysis, and 4) no treatment benefit. Results Forty-one (19%) letters contained information about PRO infringements. Noticeable spikes in letters were shown in 2007 (37%) and 2010 (31%) after the issuance of the draft and final PRO Guidance, respectively. The most common violation was PRO measure not fit for purpose (54%), specifically: use of individual items (45%), insufficient evidence of content validity (36%), and broadening of the claim beyond what the PRO measures (27%). Issues with study design/interpretation of results were also high (49%), particularly broadening of claim beyond what was measured in the trial (55%) and no PRO measure used (50%). Conclusions A fifth of the letters issued to companies contained PRO violations, with most related to poor selection of the PRO measure used or trying to broaden the claim. More guidance from the Office of Prescription Drug Promotion about what is considered "substantial evidence" in this area could help reduce the number of letters issued.
A Taylor vortex reactor for heterogeneous photocatalysis

Abstract Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation process for water purification. One of the limitations in photocatalysis has been inherently low photoefficiencies. Recent studies show that the photoefficiency of formate decomposition can be increased through the use of controlled periodic illumination. In this study, a Taylor vortex reactor was designed, constructed and tested as a novel photocatalytic reactor that incorporated illumination and dark recovery times via fluid mixing. A combination of the vortex motion and the limited light penetration depth into the photocatalytic slurry allowed the photocatalyst particles to move into and out of the illuminated portion of the reactor. The photoefficiency in the reactor increased by nearly a factor of three with the optimal conditions of an inner cylinder rotation rate of 300 rpm and an unusually high weight loading of 10 g/l of TiO 2 photocatalyst.
DOUBLE VERSUS SINGLE CONTRAST GASTROGRAPHY IN THE DOG AND CAT

It was hypothesized that double contrast gastrography (DCG) in the dog and cat would be more sensitive and specific than single contrast gastrography (SCG). In 13 dogs and three cats single and double contrast studies were performed and final diagnoses confirmed. DCG was found to be more sensitive and specific than SCG in detection of gastric disease. The loss of specificity of DCG was due entirely to technical difficulties that when recognized, were avoidable. The increased sensitivity of DCG included the ability to characterize the appearance as well as the location of the lesion. A discussion of the DCG appearance of some gastric lesions is included.
Heuristic Algorithm for Priority Traffic Signal Control

A heuristic algorithm is presented for traffic signal control with simultaneous multiple priority requests at isolated intersections in the context of vehicle-to-infrastructure communications being available on priority vehicles, such as emergency vehicles and transit buses. This heuristic algorithm can achieve near-optimal signal timing when all simultaneous requests are considered and can be visualized in a phase-time diagram. First, the problem with the control of multiple priority traffic signals is transformed into a network cut problem that is polynomial solvable under some reasonable assumptions. Second, a phase-time diagram is presented to visualize and evaluate priority delay given a signal plan and a collection of priority request arrival times. Microscopic traffic simulation is used to compare the heuristic with the state-of-the-practice algorithms for transit signal priority. The proposed heuristic algorithm could reduce average bus delay in congested conditions by about 50%, especially with a...
Effective gas flow arrangements in soil venting

Soil venting is a remediation technology specifically designed to extract contaminant vapors from vadose-zone soils through application of vacuum at one or more recovery wells installed below the surface. In the present work, screening models are developed which can contribute to the design and optimization of soil venting processes by providing means for comparative evaluation of different extraction strategies. The development of a steady-state gas flow model and a vapor-phase mass transport model permits vacuum extraction performance and venting gas flow patterns to be evaluated for desired combinations of well placement, operating pressure(s), surface capping, air injection, and soil characteristics. Additionally, the performance of the gas-flow model was assessed by comparison with laboratory and field data.
Hyperbranched Poly(ether ketones): Manipulation of Structure and Physical Properties

Hyperbranched poly(ether ketones), with a variety of chain end functional groups and controllable degrees of branching, are prepared by the polymerization of AB2, AB3, and AB4 monomers. It is found that the choice of A and B, or the incorporation of dendritic and linear units into the ABx monomer structure, dramatically affects the degree of branching. Depending on the structure of the monomer unit, degrees of branching ranging from 15 to 71% can be obtained. For determining the degree of branching for fluoro-terminated hyperbranched poly(ether ketones), a new technique based on 19F NMR has been developed. Evaluation of the physical properties of the hyperbranched poly(ether ketones) with different degrees of branching has shown that thermal properties are independent of macromolecular architecture but depend heavily on the nature of the chain end functional groups, with glass transition temperatures ranging from 97 to 290 °C. The solubility of the hyperbranched poly(ether ketones) is also shown to depend...
A Probability Distribution Model to Simulate Wind Power Output Fluctuation

It is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of power system to master the fluctuation characteristics of wind power output. On the basis of analyzing a large number of field measured data, a weighted mixed Gaussian probability model is proposed to simulate short-time wind power fluctuation characteristics of wind farm cluster, that evaluation indices to reflect the short-time maximum fluctuation of wind power output and maximum likelihood estimation algorithm based on Expectation Maximization (EM) to estimate model parameters are put forward. This model is compared with various other kinds of probability distribution model and the simulation results show that the weighted mixed Gaussian probability model possesses the highest precision, so as the effectiveness of the weighted mixed Gaussian probability model is verified.
Radioimmunoassay of rat liver metallothionein.

Abstract A simple, inexpensive and convenient radioimmunoassay for rat liver metallothionein has been developed. The double-antibody assay involves the labeling of homogeneous, rat liver zinc thionein with trace amounts of 109 Cd(II) to a specific activity of 1–2 × 10 6 cpm/μg protein; the binding of this antigen by rabbit anti-rat liver metallothionein antiserum; the displacement of this antigen by unlabeled zinc thionein or cadmium, zinc-thionein; the precipitation of the rabbit antibody-rat antigen complex by goat anti-rabbit IgG immunoglobulins; and the binding of this precipitate to cellulose acetate filters. The radioimmunoassay is useful in the range of concentration of metallothionein of 10–500 ng protein. The assay is accurate as compared with a previous technique of quantitating metallothionein in extracts of rat liver. A radial immunodiffusion assay for metallothionein is also described.
Cytoskeleton: What Does GTP Do for Septins?

The recent observation of GTP-promoted polymerization of a single septin polypeptide suggests that this protein has tubulin-like biochemical properties. This model cannot, however, explain the GTP-biochemistry of heteromeric septin complexes from cytosol.
Laser vaporization generation of HA1OH, DA1OD and HAl17 OH for neon and argon matrix isolation electron spin resonance investigations. Comparison with theoretical calculations

Abstract The first electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements for the divalent aluminum radical HA1OH with sufficient resolution to confirm its non-linear geometry are presented. Isotopic substitutions permitted the study of Ha1OH, DA1OD and HA1 17 OH in neon and argon matrices at 4 K. The radicals were generated by the reaction of laser vaporized aluminum with H 2 O (g) . New electronic structure information was obtained from the nuclear hyperfine interactions ( A tensors) of H, D and 17 ( I = 5 2 ). Configuration interaction (CI) calculations of the isotropic and dipolar components of the A tensors were conducted for comparison with these experimental results for both the cis and trans conformers of Ha1OH.
Combining chemical and meteorological data to infer source areas of airborne pollutants

Abstract Hopke, P.K., Gao, N. and Cheng, M.-D., 1993. Combining chemical and meteorological data to infer source areas of airborne pollutants. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems , 19: 187–199 Models have been developed to identify and quantitatively apportion the contributions of sources to the measured concentrations of airborne constituents. These models have generally been applied to local, urban scale problems in which the differences in the patterns of elemental concentrations in the emissions of different sources are used to partition aerosol mass to the identified sources. However, these models do not provide information on the locations of the sources. New approaches are thus needed to find specifically where airborne contaminant emission sources can be found. Using models of atmospheric transport, meteorological information in the form of air parcel back trajectories can be calculated. The trajectories are presented as a series of locations where the air parcels that deliver material to a given sample were at fixed intervals, backwards in time. If the area covered by these endpoints is divided into a gridded array, the amount of time spent in a cell is related to the number of endpoint segment locations that fall into that cell. The ratio of the number of endpoints related to high concentration samples to the total number of endpoint that fall into the cell can be considered to be the conditional probability that the particular grid cell was a source of the species found in high concentration. This probability is called the potential source contribution function (PSCF). This approach has been applied to three problems of identifying the sources of secondary sulfate in particles at different scale lengths; sub-regional, regional, and semiglobal. At a sub-regional scale in the Los Angeles area of southern California, PSCF analysis was applied to measured SO 2 and SO 2− 4 measured at one site downwind of Los Angeles. Transport of particulate SO 2− 4 to Dorset, Ontario was observed on a regional scale, and non-marine sulfate contributions to samples collected in the high Arctic were examined on a semi-global scale. In all cases good agreement was found between the high PSCF cells and previously identified source areas. In each case the analysis helped to provide an improved understanding of the source—receptor relationships for the particular scale length.