cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon deposition on iron-nickel during interaction with ethylene--carbon monoxide--hydrogen mixtures

We have found that the composition of Fe–Ni catalysts can have a profound effect on the activity for the decomposition of CO/H2mixtures at 600°C. As the fraction of nickel in the bimetallic is increased above 70% there is a significant decline in the percentage conversion of CO. The amount of solid carbon deposited on a given bimetallic catalyst was shown to increase as the hydrogen content in the reactant mixture was raised to between 20 to 30% and then exhibited a steady decline with further addition of hydrogen. It was also evident that the structure and crystalline perfection of the carbon filaments that are produced during the reaction were very sensitive to the ratio of the two components in the catalyst. Temperature programmed oxidation and TEM studies of carbon filaments grown from various Fe–Ni bimetallic particles demonstrates that as the nickel content of the catalyst is increased there is a concomitant decrease in the crystalline perfection of the deposited carbon structures. These features are rationalized according to the notion that the addition of nickel to iron results in a reconstruction of the particle surfaces that leads to a diminution in the likelihood of iron atoms being nearest neighbors and the generation of atomic arrangements at carbon precipitating faces that do not favor the formation of graphite platelets in the deposited filamentous structures. A reversible deactivation process was shown to exist for all these Fe–Ni catalysts. At temperatures of about 725°C, the growth of carbon filaments suddenly ceased; however, restoration of catalytic activity could be readily achieved by lowering of the temperature to a previously active regime. Possible reasons for this unusual behavior are presented.
Cystic Neoplasms of the Liver: Biliary Cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma

Cystic diseases of the liver occur in about 5-10% of the population.(1) While simple cysts are most common, biliary cystic tumors (BCT), namely biliary cystadenoma (BCA) and cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC) can arise in a subset of patients. Hueter first reported BCA in 1887 and Keen reported the first BCA resection five years later.(2, 3) Since that time, there has been a relative paucity of data published on the surgical management of BCT. Due to the rarity of BCT, many clinicians may be unfamiliar with the diagnostic features, therapeutic management, and natural history of these liver neoplasms. We herein provide an evidence-based review of BCT with particular emphasis on early recognition and approach to management. A search of available electronic databases including MEDLINE/Pubmed using the terms “biliary cystadenoma”, “biliary cystadenocarcinoma”, and “non parasitic hepatic cysts” was conducted. Additionally, we searched the MeSH database under the heading “Liver Neoplasm” in combination with the above referenced terms and Boolean operator AND or OR. Criteria for inclusion included English language articles using human subjects (Figure 1). Open in a separate window Figure 1 A PRISMA diagram defining the method of inclusion and exclusion for studies utilized in the review.
Guided ion beam and theoretical studies of the reaction of Ag+ with CS2: Gas-phase thermochemistry of AgS+ and AgCS+ and insight into spin-forbidden reactions

The gas-phase reactivity of the atomic transition metal cation, Ag+, with CS2 is investigated using guided-ion beam mass spectrometry. Endothermic reactions forming AgS+ and AgCS+ are observed but are quite inefficient. This observation is largely attributed to the stability of the closed shell Ag+(S1,4d10) ground state, but is also influenced by the fact that the reactions producing ground state AgS+ and AgCS+ products are both spin forbidden. Analysis of the kinetic energy dependence of the cross sections for formation of these two products yields the 0 K bond energies of D0(Ag+S)=1.40±0.12 eV and D0(Ag+CS)=1.98±0.14 eV. Quantum chemical calculations are used to investigate the electronic structure of the two product ions as well as the potential energy surfaces for reaction. The primary mechanism involves oxidative addition of a CS bond to the metal cation followed by simple AgS or AgCS bond cleavage. Crossing points between the singlet and triplet surfaces are located near the transition states fo...
Nitrogen Placement and Source Effects on Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Yields of Irrigated Corn

Limited information is available on how N fertilizer placement affects soil nitrous oxide (NO) emissions under irrigated conditions in the semiarid western United States. Our objective was to compare surface banding near corn row and broadcasting of three N sources (urea, polymer-coated urea [PCU], and stabilized urea [SU] containing urease and nitrification inhibitors) on NO emissions from a clay loam soil under sprinkler-irrigated continuous corn production. The N fertilizers were applied at a rate of 202 kg N ha to strip-till (2010 and 2011) and no-till (2011) corn at crop emergence, with ∼19 mm irrigation water applied the next day. Band-applied N had a 1.46-fold greater NO emission than broadcast N averaged over N sources and three studies. Soil NO-N emissions from urea were 1.48- and 1.74-fold greater than from PCU and SU, respectively, when averaged over N placement and studies. The N placement × source interaction was not significant. Averaged across studies, grain yield and N uptake did not vary with N placement, whereas grain yields were greater for SU than PCU but were not different from urea. Nitrous oxide emissions per unit of N applied, per unit of grain yield, and per unit N uptake were 59, 49, and 47% greater, respectively, with banded than with broadcast N fertilizer. These studies show that N placement and N source selection are important manageable factors that can affect NO emissions and need to be considered when developing NO mitigation practices in irrigated cropping systems in the semiarid western United States.
Providing on-site diagnosis of malignancy on endoscopic-ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates: should it be done?

Abstract Background Rapid and accurate tissue diagnosis for a deep-seated malignancy would allow treating physicians to provide disease-specific interventions and help patients make early informed management decisions. Providing on-site tissue diagnosis for fine-needle aspirate samples obtained with endosonography would help develop such efficient patient management issues. Here we report our experience of prospectively providing on-site diagnosis on 485 endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspirate samples. Methods Four hundred eighty-five endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspirates from the pancreas (n= 305), lymph nodes (n = 91), biliary tree (n = 47), liver (n = 15), gastrointestinal tract (n = 19), and adrenal gland (n = 8) were reviewed. For all aspirates, the cytologic diagnoses, both preliminary and final, were categorized into the following: positive for malignancy, positive for neoplastic process, suspicious for malignancy, atypical cells, reactive process, and nondiagnostic. Results Of the 485 cases, 163 (33.6%) were diagnosed as benign, 43 (8.8%) as atypical, 21 (4.3%) as suspicious, 18 (3.7%) as positive for neoplasm, and 230 (47.4%) as malignant after final cytologic interpretation. A significantly (P Conclusion On-site diagnosis of malignancy could be used to initiate informed patient management decisions. Cases where a diagnosis of malignancy is not rendered at on-site interpretation need further cytologic evaluation.
The majority of human genes have regions repeated in other human genes

Amino acid sequence comparisons have been made between all of 25,193 human proteins with each of the others by using BLAST software (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and recording the results for regions that are significantly related in sequence, that is, have an expectation of <1x10^-3. The results are presented for each amino acid as the number of identical or similar amino acids matched in these aligned regions. This approach avoids summing or dealing directly with the different regions of any one protein that are often related to different numbers and types of other proteins. The results are presented graphically for a sample of 140 proteins. Relationships are not observed for 26.5% of the 12,728,866 amino acids. The average number of related amino acids is 36.5 for the majority (73.5%) that show relationships. The median number of recognized relationships is ~3 for all of the amino acids, and the maximum number is 718. The results demonstrate the overwhelming importance of gene regional duplication forming families of proteins with related domains and show the variety of the resulting patterns of relationship. The magnitude of the set of relationships leads to the conclusion that the principal process by which new gene functions arise has been by making use of preexisting genes.
Effect of soil management on Heterorhabditis bacteriophora GPS11 persistence and biological control in a vegetable production system

Abstract Soil habitat conditions that promote abundance and persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) might be encouraged by reduced tillage and compost amendments. We hypothesized that altered soil management with reduced tillage, cover crops (clover and barley), and compost (100 kg of N/ha), would increase survival and biocontrol services of EPNs, compared with conventional management. Field trials were conducted at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Muck Crops Research Station, Huron County, OH in 2010 and 2011. Plots were planted with carrots. EPNs, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora GPS11, were released and their survival was compared between the two soil management regimes by sampling over a period of 8 weeks using in situ bait traps containing Galleria mellonella. Repeated measures analysis of variance did not show significant differences between the two soil management regimes in the pattern of H. bacteriophora survival over time or during any evaluation in either year, except 2 weeks after cadaver application in 2010 when the EPN population was significantly greater in the conventional than in the alternative soil management regime. Although treatment effects were generally not significant, statistically significant increase in nematode population densities between the 2 years of the study, despite generally poor weather conditions following EPN release in the second year, provide encouraging evidence that populations of these biological control agents could increase in vegetable production fields. However, longer periods may be required for clearly distinguishable increase in EPN population density, persistence, and biological control services in the alternative soil management treatments.
Design method and test structure to characterize and repair TSV defect induced signal degradation in 3D system

In this paper we present a test structure and design methodology for testing, characterization, and self-repair of TSVs in 3D ICs. The proposed structure can detect the signal degradation through TSVs due to resistive shorts and variations in TSV. For TSVs with moderate signal degradations, the proposed structure reconfigures itself as signal recovery circuit to improve signal fidelity. The paper presents the design of the test/recovery structure, the test methodologies, and demonstrates its effectiveness through stand alone simulations as well as in a full-chip physical design of a 3D IC.
Low plasma vitamin B12 is associated with lower BMD: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study.

Vitamin B12 is important to DNA synthesis and may affect bone formation. We examined the association between this vitamin and BMD in 2576 adults. Men with plasma B12 < 148 pM had significantly lower BMD at the hip, and women at the spine, relative to those with higher B12, and trends were similar for both at all sites. Low vitamin B12 may be a risk factor for low BMD. Introduction: Vitamin B12 is important to DNA synthesis and may affect bone formation. It has been linked to osteoblastic activity in clinical studies and cell culture. Materials and Methods: We examined the relationship between plasma vitamin B12 status and BMD in 2576 adult participants in the Framingham Offspring Osteoporosis Study (1996–2001). BMD was measured by DXA at the hip and spine. Plasma vitamin B12 was measured by radioassay. Mean BMD measures were estimated for four categories of vitamin B12 concentration, based on commonly used cut-offs, using analysis of covariance, adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity score for the elderly (PASE), alcohol use, smoking status, total calcium and vitamin D intake, season of bone measurement, and for women, menopause status and current estrogen use. Further adjustment for protein intake and total homocysteine concentration was also performed. Results: Both men and women with vitamin B12 concentrations <148 pM had lower average BMD than those with vitamin B12 above this cut-off. These differences were significant (p < 0.05) for men at most hip sites and for women at the spine. Significance remained after further adjustment for protein intake and plasma homocysteine. Conclusions: Vitamin B12 deficiency may be an important modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis.
Bacterial, serum and cellular modulation of granulopoietic activity.

The interaction of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, gram-positive bacteria and human serum in the release of colony stimulating activity (CSA) has been studied. CSA was assayed by the soft agar technique using human and murine bone marrow cells. It has been demonstrated that gram-positive organisms and their products can stimulate release of CSA by mononuclear cells. Human serum is also effective in promoting release of CSA. Release is further modulated by interactions between lymphocytes and monocytes, and lymphocytes may serve to control the modulation. The serum component is sensitive to temperature inactivation suggesting that it may have a specific physiologic role in regulation. Bacterial products, on the other hand, are not subject to temperature inactivation and require the presence of human serum for activity to be expressed.
Single-incision laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy for refractory ulcerative colitis

A three-stage restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the treatment of choice for the particularly debilitated patient with medically refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). Laparoscopic surgery has been shown to offer several advantages over the open approach in this setting. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is an emerging minimally invasive strategy representing a truly scarless procedure for the first surgical step, namely, the total abdominal colectomy (TAC). Nine consecutive patients with medically refractory UC underwent a single-incision laparoscopic TAC between May and October 2010. All patients were on aggressive medical therapy with corticosteroids or immunosuppressors and were selected for this approach on the basis of their body habitus and the absence of relevant comorbidities. The whole operation was performed through a single access to the abdominal cavity, placed at the ostomy site marked preoperatively. Mean operating time was 142 ± 23 min, with an estimate blood loss of 108 ± 125 ml. No intraoperative complications or conversions to conventional laparoscopy or open surgery occurred. In all cases the postoperative course was uneventful. The return of bowel function was observed on postoperative day 1.7 ± 0.7, and patients could tolerate a solid diet on postoperative day 3 ± 0.5. The mean postoperative length of stay was 5.2 ± 1.3 days. In our experience, a single-incision laparoscopic approach to total abdominal colectomy for refractory ulcerative colitis has been shown to be safe and feasible. Initial results suggest that this technique can lead to improvements in short-term outcomes in selected patients.
The length of the fibroin gene in the Bombyx mori genome

Abstract Radioactive anti-messenger DNA ( 3 H-cDNA) complementary to silk fibroin mRNA has been synthesized using reverse transcriptase. This 3 H-cDNA has been found to be a specific and sensitive probe for the detection of fibroin genes in the genome of Bombyx mori. Actinomycin-CsCl gradients give a large separation of the high GC fibroin genes from the bulk DNA. This density shift of fibroin genes has been measured as a function of DNA molecular weight. The data support a model in which a single high GC fibroin gene of 11.6 × 10 6 daltons is surrounded by at least 6 × 10 7 daltons of low GC DNA (30–39%). This finding, along with saturation hybridization studies (Suzuki, Gage, and Brown, 1972), demonstrate that the fibroin gene is present in a single copy per haploid genome.
The Value Base of Social Work

Abstract Values may be conceived along three basic dimensions which would account for the major value orientations shared by social workers and related to all aspects of their professional practice. These are: preferred conceptions of people, preferred outcomes for people, and preferred instrumentalities for dealing with people. Distinguished from “knowledge,” and adequately refined, these categories of values might constitute a guide for planning and action in social work practice and education. The predictability of professional behavior which might then result would also define the expectations of clients and society with respect to what the social work profession stands for and what it does.
On the stability and performance of the p -version of the finite element method for first-order hyperbolic problems

We study the p-version of the finite element method for the first-order scalar hyperbolic equation with constant coefficients. We analyze the stability and convergence of the method. A comparison with the discontinuous h-version and results of numerical experiments are also presented.
An Empirical Study of the Workload Distribution under Static Scheduling

In the decision regarding static scheduling vs. dynamic scheduling, the only argument against the former is the potential imbalance of the workload. However, it has never been clear how the workload distributes in the iterations of Fortran parallel loops. This work examines a set of Perfect benchmarking programs [2] and report two striking results. First, when using operation counts as the measure, almost all the parallel loops identified by the Parafrase 2 compiler [11] in those programs have an equal workload among different iterations. Second, simulation shows that, although run time events on the memory system can lead to considerable variation in the execution time of different iterations which are scheduled statically, the finish time of the slowest processor normally does not exceed the average processor by the mean execution time of one loop iteration. Such workload distribution is as good as any known dynamic scheduling policy can guarantee.
Changes in glycoprotein carbohydrate content in the aging human brain.

There is no significant change in the concentration, per gram of fresh tissue, of the total carbohydrate associated with brain glycoproteins as the human brain ages from 25 to 85 years. Nevertheless, notable shifts in the concentration of varied types of oligosaccharides do occur. The concentration and percentage of total glycopeptide-carbohydrate recovered from the whole brain represented by the N-glycosidically linked complex siablooligosaccharides of the tri-and tetraantennary type show a marked decline with age. On the other hand, the N-linked mannose high oligosaccharides of the ovalbumin type, the N-linked biantennary sialoglycopeptides of the transferrin type, and the O-linked oligosaccharides show an increase as the brain ages. Other age related changes that were noted include an increase in the number of sulfate ester groups associated with the N-linked sialoglycopeptides and a decrease in the number of phosphorylated high mannose oligosaccharides as the brain ages.
The effect of grazing by a gastropod, Nassarius obsoletus, on the benthic microbial community of a salt marsh mudflat

Abstract Removal of Nassarius obsoletus (Nassaridae: Gastropoda) from a salt marsh mudflat dominated by epibenthic microalgae resulted in highly significant increases in algal and total microbial standing stocks as measured by chlorophyll a and ATP respectively. This effect occurred within three days after the removal of the grazer and was maintained for the duration of each experiment (10 and 12 days). Concomitant with an increase in standing stock was an increase in the productivity (mg C fixed m −2 h −1 ). The assimilation number [mg C (mg Chl a ) −1 h −1 ], however, was not affected by grazer removal. Energy charge ratios, which assessed the growth state of the microbial community, increased in ungrazed areas during the first few days after consumer removal. Disruption of the sediment surface to stimulate bioturbation by the N. obsoletus population had no effect on algal productivity or on the standing stocks of algae and microbes suggesting that the grazer's influence is not mediated through physical disturbance. Simulated grazing using a lens paper removal technique resulted in standing stocks and productivity which were higher than N. obsoletus grazed areas and comparable to ungrazed areas. N. obsoletus grazing rates must have exceeded the 5–10% removal of surface chlorophyll per day measured by the lens paper technique. Natural densities of N. obsoletus reduced both algal biomass and productivity. Although previous studies have documented mechanisms of positive feedback from consumers to producers, in this intertidal mudflat community, grazing appears to act strictly as a negative feedback regulator of benthic algal activity.
Smoking Cessation The Issue of Behavioral Resistance

Smoking prevalence rates have substantially decreased among both adults and adolescents in the past 15 years. The decreasing rates are largely because of the effectiveness of tobacco control initia...
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for management of uncomplicated gall bladder mucocele in six dogs.

Objectives— To describe a technique for, and outcome after, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for management of uncomplicated gall bladder mucocele (GBM) in dogs. Study Design— Case series. Animals— Dogs (n=6) with uncomplicated GBM. Methods— Dogs with ultrasonographic evidence of GBM but without imaging or laboratory signs of gall bladder rupture, peritonitis, or extra-hepatic biliary tract rupture that had LC were included. A 4 portal technique was used. A fan retractor was used to retract the gall bladder to allow dissection around the cystic duct with 5 or 10 mm right-angle dissecting forceps. The cystic duct was ligated using extracorporeally tied ligatures supplemented sometimes with hemostatic clips. A harmonic scalpel was used to dissect the gall bladder from its fossa. The gall bladder was placed into a specimen retrieval bag and after bile aspiration the bag was withdrawn through the 11 mm portal incision. Results— Five dogs had mild intermittent clinical signs including vomiting, inappetence, and lethargy. All dogs had successful LC without conversion to an open approach. All dogs with clinical signs had improvement or resolution of signs postoperatively. No important perioperative complications occurred and all dogs were alive at a median of 8 months postoperatively (range, 3–14 months). Conclusions— LC can be accomplished safely and effectively in dogs with uncomplicated GBM. Clinical Relevance— A minimally invasive approach for cholecystectomy can be used for the treatment of GBM in dogs.
A Transect for Reproductive Compatibility and Evidence for a “Hybrid Sink” in a Hybrid Zone of Hyalophora (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

ABSTRACT Egg fertility, embryo viability, and fecundity were measured, using experimental hybridization, to produce a profile of reproductive compatibility across a hybrid zone between Hyalophora euryalus (Boisduval, 1855) and H. columbia gloveri (Strecker, 1872) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. Three aspects of the genetic structure of the hybrid zone are discussed: 1) hybrid zone females have normal fecundity, in contrast to typically barren laboratory-reared F1 hybrid females from crosses between widely allopatric parental taxa; 2) hybrid zone females from defined sites along the transect, in comparison to allopatric species matings, showed no reduction in fertility or viability in matings with males from the same site; and 3) a “hybrid sink” was discovered, the moths from which were the least compatible among various inter-site crosses. Topography affects the genetic structure of the hybrid zone, especially by reducing gene flow in relation to rain shadows and a...
SILAC-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Human Lung Cell Response to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NP) are widely used in industry and medicine. In our study we evaluated the response of BEAS-2B human lung cells to CuO NP, using Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Pathway modeling of the protein differential expression showed that CuO NP affect proteins relevant in cellular function and maintenance, protein synthesis, cell death and survival, cell cycle and cell morphology. Some of the signaling pathways represented by BEAS-2B proteins responsive to the NP included mTOR signaling, protein ubiquitination pathway, actin cytoskeleton signaling and epithelial adherens junction signaling. Follow-up experiments showed that CuO NP altered actin cytoskeleton, protein phosphorylation and protein ubiquitination level.
Solution of a nonlinear Poisson's equation for the potential of impurity ions in semiconductors with a spatially variable dielectric constant by an equivalent variational method.

A correct knowledge of the screening potential in heavily doped semiconductors is highly desirable for analyzing various electronic engineering problems. In this paper a method for the solution of a nonlinear Poisson's equation in the framework of an equivalent variational approach is presented. Strengths and weaknesses of the earlier methods, including those of Csavinszky and co-workers, have been discussed in some detail. On the basis of a comparison of the present method with the earlier ones, it is felt that the present one is very promising, and perhaps more general and unified than most, if not all, other methods available in the literature.
A unified kinematic representation and its applications to robotic control

A unified robotic kinematic representation including position and orientation is presented. Based on a special Lie algebra which collects all real 3*3 skew-symmetric matrices with its exponential mapping, a 3-D orientation vector is defined for a possible unification with 3-D position vectors. All computational formulas are developed and illustrated for the PUMA 560 robot. Utilizing the 3-D orientation vector, and integral-force matrix that transforms the conventional kinematic Jacobian to a mathematical Jacobian matrix is derived. The unified method, which has applications to robotic control systems, was simulated by computer for the PUMA 560 robot with all six joints for tracking both the positional and orientational paths, and the simulation results are given. >
On information pooling, adaptability and superefficiency in nonparametric function estimation

The connections between information pooling and adaptability as well as superefficiency are considered. Separable rules, which figure prominently in wavelet and other orthogonal series methods, are shown to lack adaptability; they are necessarily not rate-adaptive. A sharp lower bound on the cost of adaptation for separable rules is obtained. We show that adaptability is achieved through information pooling. A tight lower bound on the amount of information pooling required for achieving rate-optimal adaptation is given. Furthermore, in a sharp contrast to the separable rules, it is shown that adaptive non-separable estimators can be superefficient at every point in the parameter spaces. The results demonstrate that information pooling is the key to increasing estimation precision as well as achieving adaptability and even superefficiency.
Perioperative Management of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest

thermic component significantly decreases brain metabolism and oxygen requirements and thus permits a longer period of interrupted blood perfusion to the brain. The cerebral metabolic rate is related exponentially to brain (core body) temperature, with the cerebral metabolic rate decreasing by about 50% for each 6°C drop in brain temperature.6 Disadvantages of DHCA include increased cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, edema formation, coagulopathy, and alteration in many organ functions including the kidney, the brain, vascular smooth muscles, intestinal mucosa, alveolar epithelium, the liver, and the pancreas. 7,8 Based on reports from 8 major cardiac surgery centers in the United States, Europe, and Japan, the risk of permanent neurologic injury after aortic arch surgery using DHCA ranged from 3% to 12%, renal dysfunction from 5% to 14%, pulmonary insufficiency from 5% to 39%, and left ventricular
Evidence for shock heating and constraints on Martian surface temperatures revealed by 40Ar/39Ar thermochronometry of Martian meteorites

The thermal histories of Martian meteorite are important for the interpretation of petrologic, geochemical, geochronological, and paleomagnetic constraints that they provide on the evolution of Mars. In this paper, we quantify 40Ar/39Ar ages and Ar diffusion kinetics of Martian meteorites Allan Hills (ALH) 84001, Nakhla, and Miller Range (MIL) 03346. We constrain the thermal history of each meteorite and discuss the resulting implications for their petrology, paleomagnetism, and geochronology. Maskelynite in ALH 84001 yields a 40Ar/39Ar isochron age of 4163 ± 35 Ma, which is indistinguishable from recent Pb-Pb (Bouvier et al., 2009a) and Lu-Hf ages (Lapen et al., 2010). The high precision of this result arises from clear resolution of a reproducible trapped 40Ar/36Ar component in maskelynite in ALH 84001 (40Ar/36Ar = 632 ± 90). The maskelynite 40Ar/39Ar age predates the Late Heavy Bombardment and likely represents the time at which the original natural remanent magnetization (NRM) component observed in ALH 84001 was acquired. Nakhla and MIL 03346 yield 40Ar/39Ar isochron ages of 1332 ± 24 and 1339 ± 8 Ma, respectively, which we interpret to date crystallization. Multi-phase, multi-domain diffusion models constrained by the observed Ar diffusion kinetics and 40Ar/39Ar age spectra suggest that localized regions within both ALH 84001 and Nakhla were intensely heated for brief durations during shock events at 1158 ± 110 and 913 ± 9 Ma, respectively. These ages may date the marginal melting of pyroxene in each rock, mobilization of carbonates and maskelynite in ALH 84001, and NRM overprints observed in ALH 84001. The inferred peak temperatures of the shock heating events (>1400 °C) are sufficient to mobilize Ar, Sr, and Pb in constituent minerals, which may explain some of the dispersion observed in 40Ar/39Ar, Rb–Sr, and U–Th–Pb data toward ages younger than ∼4.1 Ga. The data also place conservative upper bounds on the long-duration residence temperatures of the ALH 84001 and Nakhla protolith to be 22-∞+8 °C and 81-∞+9 °C over the last ∼4.16 Ga and ∼1.35 Ga, respectively. MIL 03346 has apparently not experienced significant shock-heating since it crystallized, consistent with the fact that various chronometers yield concordant ages.
Rapid Corrosion Screening in Poorly Defined Systems by Electrochemical Impedance Technique

Abstract One strength of the electrochemical impedance technique is its usefulness for rapidly screening the corrosion resistance of alloys or corrosivity as a function of process conditions. Curve...
Magnon dispersion relation in europium iron garnet

The acoustic magnon dispersion constant D of EuIG is compared with that of YIG by considering the orbitally anisotropic exchange interaction between Eu and Fe ions. Such interaction effectively couples two Fe ions and hence affects the magnon spectrum of the iron sublattice. It is found that the Eu-Fe exchange enhances the value of DEuIG over that of DYIG regardless of the sign of the exchange parameters aμν. Furthermore, the isotropic part together with the second and fourth order anisotropic terms in the exchange is found to contribute about 1.2 cm−1 to DEuIG — DYIG, and a small amount of sixth order anisotropy a60/a00 ˜ 4% could contribute to this difference by as much as 5 cm−1. This suggests that the sixth order anisotropy could be the main source for the difference between D = 33 cm−1 and DYIG = 27 cm−1 obtained by the parallel pumping experiments.
Prevalence of Invasive Cytomegalovirus Disease with Administration of Muromonab Cd-3 in Patients Undergoing Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

OBJECTIVE:To assess the association of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease with the administration of muromonab CD-3 (OKT-3) in patients undergoing liver transplant; specifically, to assess the risk of OKT-3 use as an agent for rejection prophylaxis and as an agent for therapy of rejection.DESIGN:Retrospective review of medical records.STUDY POPULATION:83 liver transplant recipients (43 men, 40 women) with a mean age of 41.5 years (range 16–62).DATA EXTRACTION:The medical record for each liver transplant recipient was reviewed and analyzed for the following variables: (1) preoperative recipient CMV serology, (2) donor CMV serology, (3) incidence of invasive CMV disease, (4) administration of OKT-3, (5) postoperative administration time of OKT-3, and (6) the relationship between the administration of OKT-3 and the prevalence of invasive CMV disease.RESULTS:OKT-3 was administered to 34 of 83 (40.9 percent) liver recipients, 7 of whom received OKT-3 as rejection prophylaxis; the remainder received OKT-3 as rejecti...
Unidentified Factors in Poultry Nutrition 1. Development of Chick Assay

Abstract PRIOR to the isolation of vitamin B12, chick growth responses have been obtained with whey, distillers’ dried solubles, dried brewers’ yeast and fish meal. Much of this work has been reviewed by Combs (1951) and Menge et al. (1952a). After crystalline vitamin B12 became available it was possible to determine if all or part of the growth response produced by various feedstuffs could be explained on the basis of vitamin B12 content. In the presence of vitamin B12 in the basal diet, an unknown growth factor was observed in whey by Hill and Branion (1950), Johnson (1950), Arscott and Combs (1950), Reed et al. (1951), Menge et al. (1952a) and Fuller et al. (1952); in liver by Sunde et al. (1950a), Savage et al. (1950), and Menge et al. (1952a); in dried brewers’ yeast by Carlson et al. (1949) and Menge et al. (1952a); in fish meal by Carlson et al.…
Leadership and Academic Culture in the Senate Presidency An Interpretive View

This article utilizes current interview data from 42 senate presidents to analyze patterns of leadership orientations. The language and symbols that faculty leaders use reflects their beliefs and behaviors about shared governance. Three themes that arose from the interviews are discussed. References to citizenship, skepticism about faculty governance, and a desire for personal career gain were dominant themes. The study suggests that the various dimensions of academic culture influence leadership and that thinking of shared governance through a cultural lens rather than a bureaucratic or political standpoint enhances our understanding about how to improve shared governance.
Size Distribution of Windblown Sediment Emitted from Agricultural Fields in the Columbia Plateau

Windblown sediment resulting from erosion of agricultural land has impaired visibility and threatened human health in the U.S. Inland Pacific Northwest. There is, however, a lack of information on the size distribution of windblown sediment originating from these lands. Passive collectors were used to trap windblown sediment from heights of 0 to 1.5 m above eroding agricultural fields. Sediment collected during one high-wind event in each of 7 yr was separated into ≤10-, 11- to 32-, 33- to 45-, 46- to 100-, and >100-μm-diameter size fractions. Windblown sediment trapped nearer the soil surface was more characteristic of the erodible portion of the in situ parent soil. Vertical size gradation of windblown sediment was evidenced by a decrease in mass of the 46- to 100- and > 100-μm size fractions and increase in mass of the ≤10- and 11- to 32-μm size fractions with height from the soil surface. Trends in the sediment size distribution with height suggested that sediment ≤32 μm in diameter was transported primarily by suspension, sediment 33 to 45 μm in diameter was transported by saltation and suspension, and sediment >45 μm in diameter was transported primarily by creep and saltation. In addition, the size of windblown sediment observed at all heights above the soil surface was found to increase with increasing wind velocity. A large fraction of windblown sediment was comprised of suspension-sized aggregates and particles, thus mitigation strategies to control wind erosion in the Columbia Plateau must promote aggregation of the suspension component (≤32-μm diameter) of the parent soil or shelter the suspension component at the soil surface from high winds.
Vaccination strategies for children with specific medical conditions: a paediatrician's viewpoint

Children with underlying medical conditions have to be given careful attention at the time of planned immunization in order to define the individual benefit/risk ratio of a given vaccination. Analysis of available data demonstrates that vaccine administration is indeed both safe and efficient in most children. Immunization of very premature infants may require specific vaccine strategies consisting either of short-term deferral of immunization or the addition of an extra vaccine dose. With the exception of influenza immunization of children with egg allergy, immunization is safe and efficient in atopic or asthmatic children. A family or personal history of seizure without evidence of encephalopathy is no longer considered a limitation to pertussis immunization. Children with mild intercurrent infection can be immunized without further delay. Repeated pneumococcal immunization should be offered to children at high risk of pneumococcal disease after the age of 2 years. Optimal protection of immunodeficient children could include immunization of family members.
Evaluation of congestion pricing for management highway in Seattle

Congestion is one of the most important and complex transportation problems facing the American population. The Texas Transportation Institute reported that delays due to congestion cost up to an average of $63.1 billion per year and 5.7 billion gallons of wasted fuel every year. An important area of interest is Seattle Washington, where, according to the Washington State Department of Transportation, residents averaged over 46 hours of annual delay per traveler in 2003. The rapid increase in population and travel demand along with the unmatched growth of infrastructure in Seattle has resulted in the desire for evaluating a Congestion Pricing strategy that will help reduce traffic delays and improve the throughput of the I-5 network, in the Puget Sound Region. Analysis of a similar existing system (State Route 167) showed success, and similar key parameters are being used in the evaluation of the new system, such as population, traffic trends, income levels, etc. The performance of the new system is evaluated based on three decision variables or metrics: throughput of system, average speed and trip reliability. We are using Noblis' traffic model known as INTEGRATION 1.5×7 which simulates traffic data but does not incorporate prices (toll prices). We will be looking at existing systems such as SR 167 and California Freeway and Expressway System to incorporate prices in our model. An Arena Simulation model was created and calibrated to the INTEGRATION model. Preliminary analysis and results show that variably priced lanes (HOT lanes) seem to be the best fit for our region of interest. All three models work together to simulate existing traffic data and the results are evaluated to analyze the performance of the different congestion pricing systems in the I-5 network, along the Seattle Central Puget Sound Region.
The persistence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: the Cache County Study.

Objective To estimate the 18-month persistence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia in a population-based sample, and to compare the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms at baseline to the severity at 18-month follow-up. Methods A population-based sample of 329 residents of Cache County, Utah, diagnosed with dementia was rated on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Of the 204 participants with neuropsychiatric symptoms at baseline (defined as total NPI score >0), NPI data were obtained approximately 18 months later on 117 who were alive and available for follow-up. Results Eighty-one percent of those with neuropsychiatric symptoms at baseline (defined as total NPI score>0) continued to have at least one symptom at follow-up. Sixty-seven percent of participants with a clinically significant total NPI score (defined as ≥;4) at baseline continued to have a clinically significant total NPI score at follow-up. Among the ten neuropsychiatric domains assessed at baseline, delusions persisted in 65.5% of individuals, followed by depression (58.3%), and aberrant motor behavior (55.6%), while hallucinations and disinhibition persisted in only 25.0% and 11.1% respectively. In participants who were symptomatic at both baseline and follow-up, the mean severity scores at the two observation points were comparable in all ten neuropsychiatric domains. Conclusions Neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia overall were highly persistent. Among those in whom symptoms did persist, symptom severity a year and a half later appeared to be comparable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2-D Electrostatic Actuation of Microshutter Arrays

Electrostatically actuated microshutter arrays consisting of rotational microshutters (shutters that rotate about a torsion bar) were designed and fabricated through the use of models and experiments. Design iterations focused on minimizing the torsional stiffness of the microshutters while maintaining their structural integrity. Mechanical and electromechanical test systems were constructed to measure the static and dynamic behavior of the microshutters. The torsional stiffness was reduced by a factor of four over initial designs without sacrificing durability. The analysis of the resonant behavior of the microshutters demonstrates that the first resonant mode is a torsional mode occurring around 3000 Hz. At low vacuum pressures, this resonant mode can be used to significantly reduce the drive voltage necessary for actuation requiring as little as 25 V. The 2-D electrostatic latching and addressing was demonstrated using both a resonant and a pulsed addressing scheme. [2015–0172]
Constructivist Epistemologies of Mysticism: a Critique and a Revision

Some philosophers of mysticism stress the dependence of mystical experience upon the conceptual categories of the mystic. This has been referred to as an intentionalist or constructivist view, where the mystic ‘constructs’ the framework of mystical encounter, or experiences that which was ‘intended’ at the outset of the mystical path. Steven Katz, for example, insists that the beliefs, values and concepts of mystics directly affect the nature of their mystical experiences. He says, ‘the ontological structure(s) of each major mystical tradition is different and this pre-experiential, inherited structure directly enters into the mystical occasion itself’.1 In contrast to essentialist theories which hold all mystical experience to be phenomenologically the same though subject to varying interpretations,2 this constructivist view interprets the tremendous differences in mystical descriptions to be evidence of differences in experience type.
Reconsidering the syntax of non-canonical negative inversion

Two main hypotheses have been proposed to account for the word order of negative inversion (NI) in varieties of non-canonical English (e.g. Don't nobody else care). An auxiliary inversion analysis argues that the word order is derived via movement of the auxiliary to the left periphery, whereas an existential analysis argues that the word order is an artifact of deletion of the expletive subject, paralleling there-insertion existential constructions. After reviewing these hypotheses, I provide empirical evidence that neither of these theories adequately explains the peculiarities of NI. I advance a third hypothesis, namely that NI is the result of negative movement to the specifier of NegP, and that this movement is pragmatically motivated by an existential meaning in NI constructions. Syntactically, NI is made possible through the Neg-Criterion (Haegeman & Zanuttini 1991, 1996). This analysis explains problems encountered by prior analyses, and offers a unified analysis for variation in NI across dialects. Finally, I explain cross-dialectal differences in NI by considering the relationship between subject requirements and agreement.
Diabetic patients and the impact of renal transplantation

Abstract A series of diabetic patients being evaluated for renal transplantation or having already had the procedure were referred for psychiatric evaluation and treatment. The authors note the disparity between the expectations of patients before transplantation and their subsequent level of functioning. The development of depression and behavioral problems is discussed with particular attention to the relationship between the severity of diabetic complications and the presence of depressive symptoms. Treatment may include behavioral approaches for negativistic patients and administration of tricyclic antidepressants for depressed patients.
“My bladder is hanging out of my anus”: Successful Management of First Reported Case of Male Transanal Bladder Prolapse

We present a case of an 81-year-old man who presented with a large recto-urethral fistula resulting in prolapsing bladder through the anus. A multi-disciplinary approach with urology, colorectal surgery and plastic surgery was utilized for management of the prolapse with excellent postoperative result. This unique scenario enabled a transanal cystoprostatectomy; the procedure was completed using a natural orifice without transabdominal surgery.
Energy Levels and Classified Lines in the Second Spectrum of Thorium (Th II).

The analysis of Th II has been extended with improved observations of the spectrum between 2000 and 25 000 A. About 6500 lines are classified as transitions between 199 odd levels and 271 even levels. Of the 192 levels expected from the six odd configurations 5f(6d + 7s)2 and (6d + 7s)27p, 188 are now known. In the even level system, all but one of the 37 levels of the three (6d + 7s)3 configurations are known. Of the 268 levels predicted for the configurations 5f27s + 5f7s7p + 5f6d7p + 5f26d, 235 are now known. The identifications are based on the theoretical calculations by N. Minsky. New Zeeman effect observations have increased the number of levels with known g-values to 406 out of 470 known levels. The classifications will be useful in establishing secondary standards of wavelength.
Linear age-dependent population growth with seasonal harvesting

A population growth is modelled by the Von Foerster PDE with accompanying Lotka-Volterra integral equation describing the birth rate; the age specific death and fertility rates are assumed to depend only on age and not time. A harvesting policy where a fraction of the population of age greater than a given age is harvested for a fraction of a given season. This introduces a time dependence, but this difficulty is circumvented by devising approximate timeindependent models whose birthrates bracket the true birthrate-the standard renewal equation theory applies to the approximate models so quantitative results can be obtained.