cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Field Study on Matching with Network Externalities

We study the effects of network externalities on a unique matching protocol for faculty in a large U.S. professional school to offices in a new building. We collected institutional, web, and survey data on faculty's attributes and choices. We first identify the different layers of the social network: institutional affiliation, coauthorships, and friendships. We demonstrate and quantify the effects of network externalities on choices and outcomes. Furthermore, we disentangle the different layers of the social network and quantify their relative impact. Finally, we assess the matching protocol from a welfare perspective. Our study suggests the importance and feasibility of accounting for network externalities in general assignment problems and evaluates a set of techniques that can be employed to this end.
Formation and stability of nanosized, undercooled propagating intermediate melt during β → δ phase transformation in HMX nanocrystal

The formation and stability of a nanosized propagating intermediate melt (IM ) have been analyzed more than below the melting temperature between the solid-solid (SS ) phase boundary during phase transformation (PT) in a HMX nanocrystal. The influence of the solid-melt barrier K 12 and two important nanoscale material parameters (ratios of SS and solid-melt SM interface energies, k E and width, ) on the barrierless nucleation and appearance of non-equilibrium IM has been studied. Numerical results reveal that the solution of IM can either be continuous reversible or jump-like first-order discontinuous transformation with hysteresis. Additionally, various parametric studies on the structure, energy, width, and mobility of IM have been explored to understand the mystifying PT behaviors of HMX.
CALIBRATING WIM SYSTEMS THROUGH AVI TECHNOLOGY

Abstract This paper describes a method for calibrating weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems by comparing static and dynamic weights of vehicles through automatic vehicle identification (AVI). The AVI facilities developed for the Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate (HELP) project on the 1-5 corridor was used for this purpose. The static axle load of AVI-equipped vehicles was obtained from the Oregon DOT for two sites, WIM load data from in-service 5-axle semitrailer trucks was obtained on the 1-5 corridor over a 6-month period. The data was analyzed to sort-out AVI numbers, dates and times of weighing. Errors were calculated as the percent difference between WIM and static loads for individual axles/axle groups. Calibration factors were derived to set the mean axle weigh error to zero. Software was written to handle all calculations.
SPO1 and Related Bacteriophages

SPOl, SP82, Fe, 2C, SP8, H1, and SP5C constitute a family of large, virulent bacteriophages of Bacillus subtilis whose distinguishing feature is the complete replacement of thymine by hydroxymethyluracil in their DNA. This chapter focuses on SPO1, about which the most is known, but will also discuss data for the other phages that can illuminate areas not studied with SPO1. Gene product 28 substitutes for the host sigma factor, changing the specificity of the RNA polymerase so that it now transcribes the middle genes, which include genes 33 and 34. The products of these genes then modify the RNA polymerase so that it transcribes the late genes. The gene 27 mutant is also deficient in DNA replication, and neither deficiency appears to be an indirect result of the other. Thus, gp27 may play a direct role in both replication and late transcription, although it remains possible that either deficiency is the result of a polar effect on a downstream gene. All major early promoters are located in the terminal redundancy, as determined either by binding RNA polymerase to specific restriction fragments or by the formation of ternary complexes of restriction fragments, RNA polymerase, and nascent RNA. Recombination is essential for transfection by the DNA of hydroxymethyluracil (hmUra) phages. As shown primarily for SP82, transfecting DNA is susceptible to a host nuclease that causes sufficient damage that recombination between several genomes is necessary to form a single intact genome.
Performance evaluation of multi core systems for high throughput medical applications involving model predictive control

Many medical control devices used in case of critical patients have model predictive controllers (MPC). MPC estimate the drug level in the parts of patients body based on their human physiology model to either alarm the medical authority or change the drug infusion rate. This model prediction has to be completed before the drug infusion rate is changed i.e. every few seconds. Instead of mathematical models like the Pharmacokinetic models more accurate models such as spatio-temporal drug diffusion can be used for improving the prediction and prevention of drug overshoot and undershoot. However, these models require high computation capability of platforms like recent many core GPUs or Intel Xeon Phi (MIC) or IntelCore i7. This work explores thread level and data level parallelism and computation versus communication times of such different model predictive applications used in multiple patient monitoring in hospital data centers exploiting the many core platforms for maximizing the throughput (i.e. patients monitored simultaneously). We also study the energy and performance of these applications to evaluate them for architecture suitability. We show that given a set of MPC applications, mapping on heterogeneous platforms can give performance improvement and energy savings.
Experience with Danish mix-ELISA in the United States

This article details some of our experiences with Danish mix-ELISA (DME) testing on herds in the United States. In contrast to Denmark, clinical outbreaks of Salmonella Choleraesuis occur in the United States. We examine the appropriateness of the current cut-off of OD%>=40 for U.S. herds by examining serum and fecal samples collected from individual pigs and tested with the DME and culture, respectively. We report the estimated sensitivity and specificity of the DME using the original and possibly modified cut-off values. The 30% cutoff was deemed optimal with a sensitivity of .57 (.45, .82) and a specificity of .84 (.68, .98) for the first set of samples and .69 (.49, .93) and .63 (.53, .76) for the second set of samples. A major use of these tests is for monitoring herds for Salmonella exposure over time. Information on the sensitivity and specificity of the DME is helpful in determining how many animals in a herd to sample and how often.
Neonatal hemochromatosis: it's OK to say "NO" to antioxidant-chelator therapy.

Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is a rare medical condition presenting as severe liver disease in the newborn period. The natural history of patients with NH is grim; when not stillborn, most infants present in the first days or weeks of life with clinical features of liver failure. Within the first few weeks of life, most succumb to the complications of end-stage liver disease if not successfully rescued by liver transplantation. Given its rarity and severity, NH has been difficult to study and frustrating to treat. Rarely, spontaneous recovery without disease-specific medical intervention or liver transplantation is observed in patients with NH. In this issue of Liver Transplantation, Rodrigues and co-workers describe the presentation, management and outcomes of the largest series of patients with NH reported to date: 19 infants evaluated over a 12-year time span at the King’s College Hospital, London. Very few centers in the world have reported on more than a few patients with NH. 1-3
Metal polypyrazolylborate complexes

Abstract Reactions of the 1,5-cyclooctadiene complex [C8H12RhCl]2 with the potassium polypyrazolylborates K[H4−nBPzn] (Pz = pyrazolyl, n = 2, 3 and 4; Pz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl, n = 2 and 3) in ethereal solvents give the corresponding complexes C8H12RhPznBH4−n as stable yellow solids. Reaction of [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 with potassium bis(pyrazolyl)borate in hexane gives yellow H2B(C3H3N2)2Rh- (CO)2, but similar reactions of [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 with the other polypyrazolylborates lead only to decomposition at room temperature. The tris- and tetrakis(pyrazolyl)borate rhodium 1,5-cyclooctadiene complexes all appear stereochemically non-rigid at room temperature.
Sieve estimates for biased survival data

In studies involving lifetimes, observed survival times are frequently censored and possibly subject to biased sampling. In this paper, we model survival times under biased sampling (a.k.a., biased survival data) by a semi- parametric model, in which the selection function w(t) (that leads to the biased sampling) is specified up to an unknown finite dimensional parameter θ, while the density function f (t) of the survival times is assumed only to be smooth. Under this model, two estimators are derived to estimate the density function f , and a pseudo maximum likelihood estimation procedure is developed to estimate θ. The identifiability of the estimation problem is discussed and the performance of the new estimators is illustrated via both simulation studies and a real data application.
The dynamics of tadpole and horseshoe orbits: II. The coorbital satellites of saturn

Abstract The recently discovered coorbital satellites of Saturn, 1980S1 and 1980S3, are shown to be librating in horseshoe orbits. By considering the effects of tangential forces on the semimajor axes of the satellite orbits, we derive an accurate relation between the sum of the satellite masses and (a) their minimum angular separation, (b) the variation of their angular separation with time and (c) the libration period. Observations of (b) and (c) are the most practical methods of determining the satellite masses. The orbits of the coorbital satellites of Dione and Tethys are discussed. We demonstrate the possibility of calculating a new value for the mass of Dione and we show that one of the coorbital satellites of Tethys could be moving in a horseshoe orbit even though another satellite is librating in a tadpole orbit about the leading Lagrangian equilibrium point L 4 . The origin of coorbital satellites and the stability of their orbits are discussed.
Social Skills and Learning Disabilities: Causal, Concomitant, or Correlational?

This article reviews evidence concerning the Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities's (ICLD) proposal to include social skills deficits as a specific learning disability. Three hypotheses t...
Determination of 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxymandelic Acid (VMA) in Urine by Thin-Layer Chromatography

From studies of several variables, a method has been developed for the separation and quantitation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine by thin-layer chromatography. The urine is pretreated with acid and Florisil, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on silica gel with a butanol: acetic acid:water solution. The VMA spot is located by spraying with fast red GG and potassium carbonate. After removal from the plate, maximum color is developed and quantitated by reading in a spectrophotometer at 510 mµ.
Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of Nucleic Acids

Sequence-specific isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques are ideally suited for use in molecular diagnostic applications because they do not require thermal cycling equipment and the reactions are typically fast. One of the most widely cited isothermal techniques is termed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). This protocol allows amplification times as fast as 5 to 10 min. Furthermore, various methodologies to detect amplification have been applied to LAMP to increase its utility for the point-of-care market. Basic LAMP protocols are provided herein for detection of specific DNA and RNA targets, along with a method to perform multiplex LAMP reactions, permitting even greater flexibility from this powerful technique.
Photosynthetic evolution of oxygen by flashes of light.

Abstract An attempt is made to reconcile the apparently contradictory observations in flash photosynthesis using short flashes ( ca . 10 −5 sec.) and long flashes ( ca . 10 −3 sec.). It is shown that the introduction of a new period of ca . 10 −4 sec. not only obviates these previous difficulties, but also is not in contradiction with any existing observations. In addition, a mechanism for the primary photochemical process, suggested by one of us (J. F.) and discussed in detail elsewhere, is presented. Using reversible phosphorescence quenching as a means of measuring very small concentrations of oxygen, we have also studied the evolution of oxygen under anaerobic conditions by single flashes of light. The biological material was the algae Scenedesmus obliquus in the presence of either carbon dioxide or the Hill reagent quinone. It has been observed that while a single, intense, half-millisecond flash evolves oxygen in the Hill reaction, it does not evolve oxygen in photosynthesis. A flash 50 times as long and of much lower intensity results in the evolution of oxygen in both systems. Further, in the Hill reaction, the yield from an intense half-millisecond flash is increased by a previous similar flash preceding it by one full second. This observation suggests that certain photoproducts are capable of surviving longer than the generally assumed 10 −2 sec. Various other observations on the effect of overlapping short and long flashes, and some plausible explanations, are described.
Revolution in Guatemala: Peasants and Politics Under the Arbenz Government

The statement above, by the former rector of the National University of Mexico, which serves as an epigraph to this essay, expresses a position, the very point of view to which most sophisticated students of Indian affairs in Latin America are today accustomed to subscribe. During the past twenty-five years, social scientists throughout the world have asked themselves and one another why poverty, disease and illiteracy persist in Latin America, Africa and Asia. Despite concerted efforts to promote general prosperity and improve public welfare, despite the expenditure of huge sums by national and international agencies, the problem is unresolved. In order to explain this paradox, they argue that underdeveloped countries do not possess the economic and political institutions which, in Western Europe and the United States, facilitate the growth of industry and the expansion of commerce. As a result, it is said, these countries find them selves largely incapable of ‘self-sustained’ economic development, of solving their demographic problems, of accumulating the capital which might permit them a greater degree of economic freedom.
A Little Something for Me and Maybe for You, Too: Promotions that Relieve Guilt

Guilt often accompanies and discourages self-indulgent, nonessential consumption. We show that gift-with-purchase promotions designed with careful attention to the nature of the gift and its intended user can reduce guilt by counterbalancing the self-indulgence or creating a favorable comparison with another’s consumption. We find that gift-with-purchase promotions diminish guilt when (a) the gift is guilt-neutral (e.g., practical or necessary) and intended for use by the purchaser or when (b) the gift is guilt-inducing (e.g., hedonic or self-indulgent) and intended to be enjoyed by someone else.
Mechanisms of Insulin-Induced Relaxation of the Canine Proximal Stomach After Proximal Gastric Vagotomy.

The aim of this study was to determine whether insulin-induced relaxation of the proximal stomach after proximal gastric vagotomy is mediated by vagal release of antral gastrin. In six conscious, fasted dogs following proximal gastric vagotomy, the effects of intravenous insulin (1 U/kg) and intravenous gastrin (1 microg/kg) on proximal gastric motility, as measured by a gastric barostat, on plasma glucose, and on plasma gastrin, as measured by radioimmunoassay, were assessed 1 hour before and for 2 hours after injection. The effects of a cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor antagonist and a CCK-B receptor antagonist on insulin-induced or gastrin-induced relaxation of the proximal stomach and on plasma glucose and gastrin were also determined. Intravenous insulin decreased plasma glucose (before [mean +/- SD], 97 +/- 5 mg/dl vs. after, 45 +/- 3 mg/dl; P <0.05), increased plasma gastrin (before, 240 +/- 59 pg/ml vs. peak after, 387 +/- 85 pg/ml; P <0.05), and relaxed the proximal stomach (100% +/- 0% barostat volume vs. 202% +/- 15% volume; P <0.05). Exogenously administered gastrin also relaxed the proximal stomach without decreasing plasma glucose. CCK-B blockade diminished, but did not abolish, the gastric relaxation caused by insulin or gastrin, whereas CCK-A blockade had little effect. It was concluded that insulin-induced relaxation of the proximal stomach after proximal gastric vagotomy is mediated, in part, by vagal release of antral gastrin.
Baseline Functional Status May Predict Decisional Regret Following Robotic Prostatectomy

Purpose: Physician knowledge of factors related to patient decisional regret following definitive management for localized prostate cancer is an important but under evaluated element in comprehensive patient counseling. Using validated instruments, we analyzed the relationships of pathological, perioperative and functional health related quality of life variables to treatment related regret following robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: Of 953 consecutive patients presenting for followup after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy 703 (74%) completed validated measures of health related quality of life and treatment decisional regret. Baseline functional measures were assessed with the Sexual Health Inventory for Men and International Prostate Symptom Score. Questionnaires were administered a median of 11.1 months (IQR 4.6–26.1) after surgery. Clinicopathological, perioperative and functional outcomes were analyzed with univariable and multivariable models to examine associ...
In vitro-in vivo correlation of drug metabolism-deamination of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine

Abstract A pharmacokinetic model is presented to permit rational use of enzyme activities and Michaelis constants determined in vitro. It is based on physiologic and anatomic principles and is validated by comparison of predicted urinary excretion of 1-β- d -arabinofuranosylcytosine and its metabolite with published data from humans. Model predictions are compared with new data on plasma concentrations of the drug and its metabolite as functions of time after intravenous pulse doses of 1–2 and 86 mg/kg of the parent compound.
Measurement of hepatic blood flow by clearance methods; a review and a theoretical basis for a new noncatheterization method.

The estimation of hepatic and splanchnic blood flow in humans by clearance methods has been reviewed (Part I). Methods based on the Fick principle and hepatic vein catheterization employ BSP, Rose Bengal, urea, or galactose as the test substance. Methods based on the disappearance of particulate material after injection use P32-labeled colloidal chromic phosphate, Au198-labeled colloidal gold, or I131-labeled denatured human serum albumin as the test substance.
A Blended Module for the Emergency Medicine Resident: An Introduction to Vital Signs and Emergency Stabilization

Beginning a residency in Emergency Medicine is a daunting task, and the new physician must be aware of what abnormal vital signs are and understand when to initiate emergency therapy. This module was created to teach the new physician about the vital sign of temperature. The module is blended to incorporate online learning via both direct and asynchronous methods, as well as face-to-face interactions using high fidelity simulation.
Em Sokha and Cambodian Satirical Cartoons

The article examines the work of one Cambodian satirical cartoonist, Em Sokha, in the context of the historical background of cartooning in Cambodia and the developments in Cambodian print media since 1979. In particular, it looks at how Em Sokha's work has evolved in relation to alternating periods of freedom and control over the press during times of dramatic political change. It explores the implications of Em Sokha's use of distortion and the grotesque to express the violence of relations of power.
Photoacoustic spectrometer for accurate, continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration

We have developed a portable photoacoustic spectrometer that offers routine, precise and accurate measurements of the molar concentration of atmospheric carbon. The temperature-controlled spectrometer continuously samples dried atmospheric air and employs an intensity-modulated distributed feedback laser and fiber amplifier operating near 1.57 µm. For measurements of carbon dioxide in air, we demonstrate a measurement precision (60-s averaging time) of 0.15 µmol mol−1 and achieve a standard uncertainty of 0.8 µmol mol−1 by calibrating the analyzer response in terms of certified gas mixtures. We also investigate how water vapor affects the photoacoustic signal by promoting collisional relaxation of the carbon dioxide.
Teaching Social Work with Multicultural Populations: A Holistic Approach to Learning

Describes teaching an undergraduate social work course on work with multicultural populations; uses a particular pedagogical approach which structures learning‐teaching as a holistic process, viewing both intellectual and emotional sources of knowledge. Integrates the intellectual and emotional with a variety of educational devices including experiences within and beyond the classroom. Includes philosophy and aims, overview of content, structure and methods of instruction, and content. Assignments are discussed in terms of past implementation. Concludes with a summary of the impact on students.
Frictional resistance of a fault zone with strong rotors

As a possible mechanism to explain the lack of a heat flow anomaly along the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault, we have determined the effect of placing hard rotors along a surface between two deformable media, in this case styrofoam balls between two blocks of foam rubber. The probable presence of Franciscan rocks at depth along the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault suggested this mechanism, since the Franciscan is characterized not only by basic serpentinous rocks which are weak, but also by embedded, more or less equidimensional, blocks of very strong rocks (knockers), e.g., high grade blueschists and eclogites, which might act as rotors. The results suggest that knocker rotation may be a viable mechanism for reduction of friction on the creeping section of the San Andreas fault, and thus be at least a partial explanation of the lack of any observed frictional heat flow anomaly there.
Nontopological solitons in Chern-Simons systems.

We show that in the relativistic Abelian case nontopological Chern-Simons solitons are stable against the emission of elementary particles, when a particular small correction is added to the potential corresponding to the self-dual system. We also analyze other potentials and introduce a necessary condition for the existence of nontopological solitons in Chern-Simons systems.
A precedence effect underlies preferences for calls with leading pulses in the grey treefrog, Hyla versicolor.

The temporal relationship between signals often has strong and repeatable influences on receiver behaviour. While several studies have shown that receivers prefer temporally leading signals, we show that the relative timing of signal elements within overlapping signals can also have repeatable influences on receiver responses. Female grey treefrogs, Hyla versicolor, preferred overlapping conspecific advertisement call alternatives in which pulses were in the leading position relative to pulses in an alternative. The preference was maintained even when the first pulse of the stimulus with leading pulses began after that of the call with following pulses. To rule out the possibility of masking interference of the pulse pattern, we used a split-pulse design in which the playback of two nonoverlapping pulse elements were synchronized from spatially separated speakers. Females were attracted to the source of the short (6 ms) leading pulse element, which did not attract females in isolation, even though its amplitude was 24 dB lower than the long (24 ms) following element, which did attract females in isolation. Taken together, our results fall within a range of phenomena that have been classified as precedence effects. However, to our knowledge, showing localization based on successive leading pulses rather than the very first-arriving pulse is a novel discovery for nonhuman animals.
3D Actin Network Centerline Extraction with Multiple Active Contours

Fluorescence microscopy is frequently used to study two and three dimensional network structures formed by cytoskeletal polymer fibers such as actin filaments and actin cables. While these cytoskeletal structures are often dilute enough to allow imaging of individual filaments or bundles of them, quantitative analysis of these images is challenging. To facilitate quantitative, reproducible and objective analysis of the image data, we propose a semi-automated method to extract actin networks and retrieve their topology in 3D. Our method uses multiple Stretching Open Active Contours (SOACs) that are automatically initialized at image intensity ridges and then evolve along the centerlines of filaments in the network. SOACs can merge, stop at junctions, and reconfigure with others to allow smooth crossing at junctions of filaments. The proposed approach is generally applicable to images of curvilinear networks with low SNR. We demonstrate its potential by extracting the centerlines of synthetic meshwork images, actin networks in 2D Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy images, and 3D actin cable meshworks of live fission yeast cells imaged by spinning disk confocal microscopy. Quantitative evaluation of the method using synthetic images shows that for images with SNR above 5.0, the average vertex error measured by the distance between our result and ground truth is 1 voxel, and the average Hausdorff distance is below 10 voxels.
CT Evaluation of Total Hip Arthroplasty Complication: Dissociation of Acetabular Component:

The computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of patients with orthopedic implants has traditionally been limited due to considerable artifact from the prosthesis. With proper parameter modifications, however, the artifact can be diminished and diagnostic images can be produced. This is a report on the preoperative CT evaluation of a dislocated total hip replacement and dissociated acetabular component.
Purification and characterization of mitochondrial thioesterase from rabbit myocardium and its inhibition by palmitoyl carnitine

Abstract Mitochondrial thioesterase from rabbit myocardium was purified to homogeneity by sequential ion exchange, hydroxylapatite, chromatofocusing and gel filtration chromatographies. The purified protein had an apparent molecular mass of 170 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent silver staining revealed a single band ( M r 43 000) demonstrating that the protein is a tetramer. The specific activity of the purifed thioesterase for palmitoyl-CoA hydrolysis was 1.8 μmol/mg per min. Thioesterase activity was maximal at pH 8 and was activated by Mg 2+ but inhibited by Ca 2+ . Pathophysiological concentrations of L -palmitoyl carnitine (20–400 μM) competitively inhibited enzymic activity. The purified enzyme was also inhibited by high concentrations of substrate (over 20 μM palmitoyl-CoA).
In Situ Studies of Protein Conformation in Supercritical Fluids: Trypsin in Carbon Dioxide

The conformation of the monomeric enzyme trypsin has been studied in supercritical carbon dioxide. Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy is used to follow the conformation of trypsin in situ as a function of CO2 density. Our results show for the first time that protein denaturation can occur during the fluid compression step and that the native trypsin is only slightly more stable (1.2 kcal/mol) than the unfolded form. These results demonstrate the power of fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool for studying protein conformation and dynamics in supercritical fluids.
Stable isotope ratios of soil carbonate and soil organic matter as indicators of forest invasion of prairie near Ames, Iowa.

Stable isotope ratios of pedogenic carbonate and organic matter were measured in a prairie-transition-forest soil biosequence near Ames, Iowa to determine the vegetation succession. The modern vegetation is dominated by non-native C3 plants which have been introduced by agricultural practices. The δ13C values of soil organic matter from the prairie and forest endmembers indicate C4 and C3 dominated ecosystems, respectively, during the accumulation of soil organic matter. Pedogenic carbonate from all soils, including rare pedogenic carbonate from the forested soil, has an average δ13C of-2.0‰, indicating that the carbonate formed under a C4 vegetation. These results indicate that the ecosystem was a C4-dominated prairie and therefore suggest a recent arrival of forests and other C3 plants in the area. This study also implies that the primary features of the transitional Lester soil series, which has soil properties intermediate between Alfisols and Molisolls, formed under prairie conditions and were overprinted by an invading forest.
Toward a minimal model of a large spiking cell

Experimentalists will soon be able to ascertain the highly nonuniform morphology and channel distributions of the large, pyramidal cells that populate the mammalian cortex. This advance is captured and quantified via tens of thousands of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, per cell. The circuit modeler then asks, "How many of these equations must I keep in order to guarantee a fixed level of accuracy in the input-output map?" We demonstrate that the combined application of Balanced Truncation [1] to the weakly excitable portion of the tree and Principal Orthogonal Decomposition and the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method [2] to the strongly excitable portion of the cell permit one to reduce the system size by more than one order of magnitude and decrease simulation time by a factor of 5 without sacrificing synaptic specificity in space or time.
Syntheses and metal-catalyzed CH bond activation of Alkyne π complexes of copper(I) Trifluoromethanesulfonate

Abstract The copper(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate π complexes of 1,8-cyclotetradecadiyne and 1,7-octadiyne have been synthesized. For a series of terminal alkyne (CuO 3 SCF 3 ) π complexes, vibrational spectra show weakening of both C ≡C and C sp -H bonds upon copper(I) coordination. NMR analysis shows less Cu(I) caused deshielding of C(1) than C(2) of the alkyne and increased C sp -H coupling. Copper(I) π coordination to terminal alkynes increases the rate of exchange of protium on C(1) for deuterium from CD 3 COOD. Copper enhances the rate of exchange by a factor of 1.2 x 10 5 with 1,7-octadiyne. The exchange is catalytic in copper(I) and is faster than the rate of copper alkynide formation in the absence of deuterium donor. Copper(I) catalyzes deuterium exchange for protium at C(1) between 1,7-octadiyne and 1-hexyne-1- d 1 .
Evidence for macroscopic quantum tunneling of phase slips in long one-dimensional superconducting Al wires.

Quantum phase slips have received much attention due to their relevance to superfluids in reduced dimensions and to models of cosmic string production in the early universe. Their establishment in one-dimensional superconductors has remained controversial. Here we study the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and linear resistance in long superconducting Al wires with lateral dimensions $\ensuremath{\sim}5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}$. We find that, in a magnetic field and at temperatures well below the superconducting transition, the observed behaviors can be described by the nonclassical, macroscopic quantum tunneling of phase slips, and are inconsistent with the thermal activation of phase slips.
DNA replication in Chinese hamster cells: evidence for a single replication fork per replicon

Abstract Chinese hamster cells were labelled with [3H]thymidine after fluorodeoxyuridine treatment. Autoradiograms of this DNA indicate that in each replicon, replication proceeds via a single replication fork.
Memoria, sentido trágico y el viaje de aniquilación en Hotel Atlântico de João Gilberto Noll

This article examines the role of memory and the motif of the journey in the 1989 novel Hotel Atlântico, by Brazilian writer Joao Gilberto Noll. The construction of the antihero in the novel allegorizes the problematic displacement of postmodern subjectivities in conjunction with the new sense of tragic consciousness as a result of different relationships with space, mourning, and the past.
STIMULUS ALIGNMENT AND AGE IN THE SELECTION OF BIGGER RECTANGLES

90 children (28 3-yr.-olds, 32 5-yr.-olds, and 30 8-yr.-olds) were presented pairs of quadrangles with the bases or the centers aligned and asked to select the bigger ones. 3- and 8-yr.-olds selected larger ones under both aligned conditions, while 5-yr.-olds selected the taller ones more often under the base- than under the center-aligned conditions. 5-yr.-olds selected the larger ones less often than 3- and 8-yr.-olds under the base-aligned condition. These results were discussed in relation to the attention given to height.
The Eigenvalues for a Self-Equilibrated, Semi-Infinite, Anisotropic Elastic Strip

We have examined the plane stres (or plane strain) problem for an homogeneous anisotropic semi infinite strip, free of tractions on its long sides and subject to self equilibrating end loads
Surface wrinkling by chemical modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based networks during sputtering

Wrinkling is an important mechanical phenomenon that generates periodic topographical patterns across a surface. This paper presents experimental evidence that surface wrinkles, which form consequent to thin film magnetron sputtering of either indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum on poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks (PDMS-N) made from a commercial Sylgard-184 kit, result from chemical modification of the PDMS-N surface as opposed to extrinsic thermomechanical stresses originating from differential thermal expansion. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the PDMS-N surface becomes depleted in carbon and concurrently enriched in oxygen relative to silicon due to sputtering. This silica-like surface layer possesses intrinsic compressive stress that leads to wrinkle formation during the first ≈5 seconds of sputtering. The wrinkles maintain their periodicity irrespective of the thickness of the ITO film formed during subsequent deposition. Furthermore, upon removal of the ITO layer, the wrinkles persist with their periodicity unchanged. A narrow sputtering pressure window between 2 and 12 mTorr generates wrinkles. Pressures below this range cannot sustain a radio frequency plasma, while pressures above this range provide sufficient thermalization of kinetic energy as to eliminate the energetic bombardment that modifies the PDMS-N. This study provides a new understanding of the origins of wrinkling in sputtered films on polymeric substrates and creates opportunities to manipulate the topography produced by spontaneous surface wrinkling.
The chaotic response of a fluttering panel: The influence of maneuvering

The influence of maneuvering on the chaotic response of a fluttering buckled plate on an aircraft has been studied. The governing equations, derived using Lagrangian mechanics, include geometric non-linearities associated with the occurrence of tensile stresses, as well as coupling between the angular velocity of the maneuver and the elastic degrees of freedom. Numerical simulation for periodic and chaotic responses are conducted in order to analyze the influence of the pull-up maneuver on the dynamic behavior of the panel. Long-time histories phase-plane plots, and power spectra of the responses are presented. As the maneuver (load factor) increases, the system exhibits complicated dynamic behavior including a direct and inverse cascade of subharmonic bifurcations, intermittency, and chaos. Beside these classical routes of transition from a periodic state to chaos, our calculations suggest amplitude modulation as a possible new mode of transition to chaos. Consequently this research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms through which the transition between periodic and strange attractors occurs in, dissipative mechanical systems. In the case of a prescribed time dependent maneuver, a remarkable transition between the different types of limit cycles is presented.
UPs and downs in bacterial transcription initiation: the role of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase in promoter recognition.

In recent years, it has become clear that promoter recognition by bacterial RNA polymerase involves interactions not only between core promoter elements and the sigma subunit, but also between a DNA element upstream of the core promoter and the alpha subunit. DNA binding by alpha can increase transcription dramatically. Here we review the current state of our understanding of the alpha interaction with DNA during basal transcription initiation (i.e. in the absence of proteins other than RNA polymerase) and activated transcription initiation (i.e. when stimulated by transcription factors).
Maximal and minimal solutions of an Aronsson equation: L ∞ variational problems versus the game theory

The Dirichlet problem $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\Delta _\infty u - |Du|^2 = 0 \quad {\rm on} \, \Omega \subset {{\mathbb R}^n} \\ u|\partial \Omega = g \\\end{array} \right. $$ might have many solutions, where \({\Delta_{\infty}u=\sum_{1\leq i,j\leq n}u_{x_i}u_{x_j}u_{x_ix_j}}\). In this paper, we prove that the maximal solution is the unique absolute minimizer for \({H(p,z)={\frac{1}{2}}|p|^2-z}\) from calculus of variations in L∞ and the minimal solution is the continuum value function from the “tug-of-war” game. We will also characterize graphes of solutions which are neither an absolute minimizer nor a value function. A remaining interesting question is how to interpret those intermediate solutions. Most of our approaches are based on an idea of Barles–Busca (Commun Partial Differ Equ 26(11–12):2323–2337, 2001).
Bunch-length effects in the beam-beam interaction.

The Hamiltonian analysis of the beam-beam interaction is extended, for round beams, by including its finite longitudinal extent. For small synchrotron amplitudes resonance strengths are derived that are smaller than those obtained in the impulse approximation. This is a consequence of averaging over the betatron phase during the collision. Results of simulations that reproduce this feature are also presented. More complete simulations, relevant to storage-ring colliders, argue for bunch lengths comparable to the value of the amplitude function ({beta}) at the interaction point.
A recursive parameter estimator yielding exponential convergence under sufficient excitation

For linear time-invariant discrete-time systems, an exponentially convergent recursive parameter identification scheme is derived requiring only that the regression vector be sufficiently exciting, that is the sum of the outer products of the regression vector is eventually positive definite. The algorithm produces a parameter estimate that converges to the batch-form (nonrecursive) least-squares estimate without requiring a persistent excitation. The rate of convergence can be selected as a design parameter. If the regression vector is persistently exciting, it is shown that a forgetting factor can be added to the formulation in such a way that the magnitude of the forgetting factor and the rate of exponential convergence can be set separately.
Galantamine augmentation of long-acting injectable risperidone for cognitive impairments in chronic schizophrenia.

Abstract Background Galantamine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor with effects on nicotinic receptors, has shown mixed effects on cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Given these mixed results we examined whether galantamine compared to adjunctive placebo may improve cognitive functions in patients treated concomitantly with a long acting atypical antipsychotic. Method The parent study was a 52-week double-blind, randomized study of treatment with long-acting injectable risperidone 25 mg or 50 mg every two weeks. Adjunctive galantamine or placebo treatment was administered from Month 6 to 12. Outcome measures were neurocognitive, psychopathology, social and quality of life functions. Patients were randomized to blinded galantamine up to 24 mg/day or matching placebo tablets. All patients were maintained on their randomized long-acting injectable risperidone regimen for the duration of the trial. Results 32 patients were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. No statistically significant differences were found for Attention Vigilance, Declarative Memory, Processing Speed, Reasoning/Problem Solving, Working Memory domains and the Neurocognitive Composite Score. Group specific analysis showed a statistically significant group interaction ( p = 0.043) with the Social Cognition domain showing in the galantamine group significantly lower scores at endpoint than placebo patients. The PANSS general psychopathology subscale showed significantly higher scores in the galantamine group at endpoint ( p = 0.05). ANCOVA model for within treatment group comparisons showed a significant increase of 7.3 points for the total PANSS score for the galantamine group. Conclusion Galantamine showed no ameliorative effects on cognitive measures in this 6 month, double-blind study of patients with schizophrenia treated with an assured and stable antipsychotic medication delivery system. Galantamine may not be an appropriate augmentation agent for cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia at the dose used.
Group 1B phospholipase A2 deficiency protects against diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice

Excessive absorption of products of dietary fat digestion leads to type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related disorders. Mice deficient in the group 1B phospholipase A₂ (Pla2g1b), a gut digestive enzyme, are protected against diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes without displaying dietary lipid malabsorption. This study tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Pla2g1b protects against diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Results showed that the Pla2g1b(-/-) mice had decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels compared with Pla2g1b(+/+) mice subsequent to feeding a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (hypercaloric) diet. These differences were evident before differences in body weight gains were observed. Injection of Poloxamer 407 to inhibit lipolysis revealed decreased VLDL production in Pla2g1b(-/-) mice. Supplementation with lysophosphatidylcholine, the product of Pla2g1b hydrolysis, restored VLDL production rates in Pla2g1b(-/-) mice and further elevated VLDL production in Pla2g1b(+/+) mice. The Pla2g1b(-/-) mice also displayed decreased postprandial lipidemia compared with Pla2g1b(+/+) mice. These results show that, in addition to dietary fatty acids, gut-derived lysophospholipids derived from Pla2g1b hydrolysis of dietary and biliary phospholipids also promote hepatic VLDL production. Thus, the inhibition of lysophospholipid absorption via Pla2g1b inactivation may prove beneficial against diet-induced hyperlipidemia in addition to the protection against obesity and diabetes.
Electrolyte-dependent pairwise particle motion near electrodes at frequencies below 1 kHz.

A model incorporating a phase angle between an applied electric field and the motion of particles driven by it explains electrolyte-dependent pairwise particle motion near electrodes. The model, predicting that two particles aggregate when this phase angle is greater than 90° but separate when the phase angle is less than 90°, was based largely on contrasting behavior in two electrolytes (KOH and NaHCO3) used with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The present contribution expands the experimental evidence for this model to KOH, NaHCO3, NaOH, NH4OH, KCl, and H2CO3 solutions with Pt, as well as ITO electrodes. The phase angle correlation was verified in all cases. Comparisons of the model predictions to experimental data show that the sign and order of magnitude of rates of change in the separation distances between particle pairs are correctly predicted.
Evaluating indicators for housing policy: Residential satisfaction vs marginal improvement priorities

The research challenges the conventional usage of households' residential satisfaction as a guide for housing policy and development. A new housing indicator, ‘marginal residential improvement priority’, is introduced and is compared with residential satisfaction both theoretically and empirically. Within the context of neoclassical consumer theory it is shown that the former provides a superior indicator of households' housing preferences than the latter. It is then demonstrated empirically that these conceptual distinctions make for significant differences when the indicators are employed in a practical application. Using a sample of 971 households drawn from Wooster, Ohio, the paper considers their evaluations of four general dimensions of the residential environment and six specific features of the dwelling. Zero-order correlations between the indicators average only 0.40 across these ten dimensions. Households' relative satisfaction with these various aspects diverge substantially from the priority they place on improving these aspects in the future, with rank-order correlations not differing significantly from zero. More specifically, all household strata gave public services their lowest improvement priority and dwelling quality their highest, regardless of their relative degree of satisfaction with the dimension. Similarly, most groups gave high priority to improving interior condition and room size and low priority to improving exterior condition, independent of their satisfaction. Thus, if the efficacy of a limited amount of resources invested in a housing policy is to be maximized, they should not necessarily be directed toward those features of the residential environment with which households are least satisfied.
Amphicrine Differentiation in Bronchioloalveolar Cell Carcinoma

We report for the first time a classical bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma with both exocrine and endocrine differentiation (amphicrine) in the same cell. At electron microscopy the tumor cells showed a mixed type II alveolar cell/Clara cell and mucous differentiation. In addition, there were many dense-core neurosecretory granules at the base of the majority of the cells. Immunocytochemically the tumor showed positivity for surfactant and a panel of neuroendocrine antibodies, including NSE, PGP9.5, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A. The presence of neuroendocrine differentiation was not hinted at by routine histology and did not indicate a more aggressive behavior in this case since the patient is well 3 years after the resection.
On the interpretation of Fe II emission profiles in Seyfert galaxies and QSOs.

Recent high-resolution spectral scans of several QSOs and Seyfert galaxies show broad Balmer lines and permitted Fe II lines in emission. It is suggested that a careful comparison of the Fe II and Balmer profiles may distinguish between the different proposed mechanisms for broadening of the lines. For a suprathermal-particle model, the hydrogen and Fe II lines arise in the same region, with the Fe II emission produced by the dense ambient gas that is excited by the flux of suprathermal particles. Hence, such a model predicts that the Fe II lines are substantially narrower than the hydrogen lines.