cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward a US Army Pacific (USARPAC) rapid deployment medical component in support of Human Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR) operations: challenges with “Going in Light”

This article reports the exploratory development and study efforts regarding the viability of a novel “going-in light” or “Going Light” medical component in support of US Army Pacific (USARPAC) Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR) missions, namely, a BLU-MED® incremental modular equipment package along with a Rapid Deployment Medical Team (RDMT). The study was conducted to uncover a way for the U.S. Army to: (1) better medically support the greater U.S. military Pacific Command, (2) prepare the Army for Pacific HA/DR contingencies, and (3) imprint a swift presence and positive contribution to Pacific HA/DR operations. The findings were derived from an intensive quasi-Military Decision Making Planning (MDMP) process, specifically, the Oracle Delphi. This process was used to: (1) review a needs assessment on the profile of disasters in general and the Pacific in particular and (2) critically examine the viability and issues surrounding a Pacific HA/DR medical response of going in light and incrementally. The Pacific area of operations contains 9 of 15 countries most at risk for disasters in the most disaster-prone region of the world. So, it is not a matter of whether a major, potentially large-scale lethal disaster will occur but rather when. Solid empirical research has shown that by every outcome measured Joint Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines) medical HA/DR operations have been inordinately successful and cost-effective when they employed U.S. Army medical assets inland near disasters’ kinetic impact and combined sister services’ logistical support and expertise. In this regard, USARPAC has the potential to go in light and successfully fill a vital HA/DR medical response gap with the RDMT and a BLU-MED®. However, initially going in fast and light and expanding and contracting as the situation dictates comes with subsequent challenges as briefly described herein that must be addressed. The challenges to going in light are not insurmountable “show stoppers.” They can be identified and addressed through planning and preparation. Hopefully, the acquisition rapid response light components will equip commanders with more effective options with which to conduct Pacific HA/DR operations and be a focal point for effective joint operations.
Sanitizing the Struggle: Barack Obama, Selma, and Civil Rights Memory

In this article, I examine Barack Obama’s use of collective memory during his 2007 campaign speech in Selma, Alabama. Specifically, I argue that Obama appeals to collective memory to challenge the Black community’s relationship to the past. He reframed the memory of the Civil Rights Movement in a manner favorable to his political aspirations. While this frame was politically expedient, it weakened Black political agency. It robbed the Black community of crucial rhetorical resources used to challenge structural inequalities in society. This article offers insight into the complex relationship between metaphor and collective memory. Specifically, I interrogate the role of metaphor as a crucial site where public memory is formed, disrupted, and rearticulated. Furthermore, I consider the implications of his use of memory for the future of the Black freedom struggle.
Effectiveness of Social Accountability in Promoting Participatory Budgeting and Increasing Access to Public Services Delivery and Good Governance at Local Government Level: A Case Study on Selected Areas from Bangladesh

Significant efforts have been made by Government, NGOs, LGIs in Bangladesh since its independence but its poor, marginalized and excluded groups are yet to be reached with basic services. Researches shows that most of the time absence of participatory planning, budgeting and monitoring is leading to mismanagement and mis-allocation of resources. This Paper presents analysis on how Demand led approach is playing critical role in encouraging participatory budgeting and inclusive development for the pro-poor. This paper reports findings from comparative case study analysis using UP’s Public Expenditure Tracking and Citizen Report Card from pocket areas. The paper examines that service providers are often less aware about their roles & responsibilities, mandates and the right holders also lack their ability to claim services. Even though mechanism for encouraging participatory budgeting in place as per GoB acts and policies, participation of the marginalized in decision-making is not properly ensured &therefore transparency & accountability of service providers are not guaranteed. Finally, some results are outlined, where sensitizing service providers, citizens on participatory budgeting, capacity building, coordination has encouraged better access to services. Findings from this Paper will help understanding the shifting approach of power dynamics in local level decision-making to make it inclusive from illusive.
Coupling qubits to photons using dual atomic species for quantum networking

We present a technique to implement a neutral atom quantum repeater node. We discuss how to prepare atom-photon entanglement, entangle atoms in adjacent repeater nodes, and entangle distant nodes.
Melatonin prevents hypochlorous acid‐mediated cyanocobalamin destruction and cyanogen chloride generation

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent cytotoxic oxidant generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and chloride (Cl- ). Elevated levels of HOCl play an important role in various pathological conditions through oxidative modification of several biomolecules. Recently, we have highlighted the ability of HOCl to mediate the destruction of the metal-ion derivatives of tetrapyrrole macrocyclic rings such as hemoproteins and vitamin B12 (VB12 ) derivatives. Destruction of cyanocobalamin, a common pharmacological form of VB12 mediated by HOCl, results in the generation of toxic molecular products such as chlorinated derivatives, corrin ring cleavage products, the toxic blood agents cyanide (CN- ) and cyanogen chloride (CNCl), and redox-active free cobalt. Here, we show that melatonin prevents HOCl-mediated cyanocobalamin destruction, using a combination of UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, and colorimetric CNCl assay. Identification of several melatonin oxidation products suggests that the protective role of melatonin against HOCl-mediated cyanocobalamin destruction and subsequent CNCl generation is at the expense of melatonin oxidation. Collectively, this work highlights that, in addition to acting as an antioxidant and as a MPO inhibitor, melatonin can also prevent VB12 deficiency in inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among many others.
Wolves in sheep clothing or victims of times? Discussing the immoderation of incumbent Islamic parties in Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the “immoderation” of incumbent Islamic parties – defined by the pursuit of a moral agenda and by an unwillingness to compromise with the opposition – through a comparative study of four incumbent Islamic parties in the socio-politically different regimes of Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Building on literature from religion and politics, social psychology, sociology of religion, and on the inclusion-moderation hypothesis, this study argues that (1) Islamic parties’ strong organizations resulted both in their success and in the absence of internal pluralism and that (2) their dominant status in the party system consolidated their majoritarian understanding of democracy. Through its discussion of “immoderation” this study aims to contribute to the interdisciplinary literature on religion and politics.
DECODER: A probabilistic approach to integrate big data reveals mitochondrial Complex I as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease

Identifying gene expression markers for Alzheimer9s disease (AD) neuropathology through meta-analysis is a complex undertaking because available data are often from different studies and/or brain regions involving study-specific confounders and/or region-specific biological processes. Here, we developed a probabilistic model-based framework, DECODER, leveraging these discrepancies to identify robust biomarkers for complex phenotypes. Our experiments present: (1) DECODER9s potential as a general meta-analysis framework widely applicable to various diseases (e.g., AD and cancer) and phenotypes (e.g., Amyloid-beta (Abeta) pathology, tau pathology, and survival), (2) our results from a meta-analysis using 1,746 human brain tissue samples from nine brain regions in three studies -- the largest expression meta-analysis for AD, to our knowledge --, and (3) in vivo validation of identified modifiers of Abeta toxicity in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model expressing AD-associated Abeta, which pinpoints mitochondrial Complex I as a critical mediator of proteostasis and a promising pharmacological avenue toward treating AD.
U.S. budget targets fish and wildlife work.

In 1935, embracing the principle that science should serve as the basis of federal wildlife policy, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Program ([ 1 ][1]). The Cooperative Research Units (CRUs) facilitate research among natural resource
Logistics and Fulfillment Services

Logistics encompasses movement of goods and services, and all enabling functions such as warehousing, fleet management, transportation, and tracking. Goods are defined broadly to include commodities, components, finished products, people, information, documents, messages, and money. An oil company uses logistics to deliver gasoline; a television company uses logistics to transmit programs to customers; and a hotel uses logistics to provide food, bed, and entertainment to its guests. Thus, logistics is a necessity, irrespective of the industry. Logistics services may be owned by the user such as a manufacturer or they can be outsourced to 3rd party service providers (3PL). In a supply chain, it enables movements between its tiers: raw material to production, and products from production to consumers – through wholesalers and retailers. It is also responsible for moving waste to disposal, and the reverse flow for recycling and/or remanufacturing.
The System Boron-Hydrogen

This section, which covers the period 1985 through 1988, continues the treatment found in “Boron Compounds” 3rd Suppl. Vol. 1, 1987. For earlier presentations, see “Boron Compounds” 2nd Suppl. Vol. 1, 1983, and “Boron Compounds” 1st Suppl. Vol. 1, 1980. As in the recent past, the presentation does not rigorously adhere to the Gmelin classification principle of the last position, and for species containing two or more linked boron atoms, all types of derivatives, even those containing heavy metal atoms, are included here.
Mangroves of arid regions of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean

The structural characteristics of fringe and basin mangrove stands in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean are described. In this geographic area mangroves often develop under moderate to severe water deficits and hypersalinity, in contact with low nutrient tropical waters and in a microtidal regime. Interstitial salinity varies from 37‰ at the outer fringe to >200‰ in hypersaline lagoons. Fringes (interstitial salinities 37-50‰) are dominated by Rhizophora mangle. Basins are dominated by Avicennia germinans (interstitial salinity 55-60‰). Mangrove development becomes stunted above 60‰. Stand density reaches a peak at about 50‰. At higher salinities stem density and diameter decrease. Lower salinities are associated with low stem density due to the occupation of the growing space by larger and more widely spaced trees. A 1.9 fold increase in salinity (from 37 to 70‰) resulted in a 16 fold decrease in above-ground biomass. Periodic die-offs in these environments may be associated with long-term sea level variations that allow abnormal exposures. These changes can persist due to the delayed recovery of the vegetation and the accumulation of salts in a fresh water limited environment.
A Population-based Trial of β-Carotene Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract (oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx) is a major health problem in the United States and throughout the world. It is estimated that 43,300 new cases will be identified and that 11,800 patients will die of these cancers in the United States in 1991 (1). In addition to the number of patients affected, cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx assume a higher relative importance because of the functional impairment and cosmetic deformity associated with the cancer and its treatment.
Does Medical Therapy Improve SinoNasal Outcomes Test-22 Domain Scores? An Analysis of Clinically Important Differences.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs) for the 22-item SinoNasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) electing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are well described. However, similar estimations for the MCID have not been investigated for patients electing continued appropriate medical therapy (CAMT). We sought to determine MCID values for a medically treated CRS cohort and compare them to historical MCIDs associated with ESS. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS One hundred twenty patients with refractory CRS electing CAMT were prospectively enrolled from academic referral clinics into an observational cohort study. Baseline and posttreatment SNOT-22 survey responses were collected. Four distribution-based methods for calculating MCIDs (e.g., half-standard deviation, Cohen's d, standard error of measurement, and minimum detectable change) were used to identify a range of MCID values for SNOT-22 total and domain scores. RESULTS The average MCID value for SNOT-22 total scores was 8.0, whereas mean MCID values for rhinologic, extranasal rhinologic, ear/facial, psychological, and sleep symptom domain scores were 3.9, 2.5, 3.3, 3.4, and 2.9, respectively, comparable to previously reported values for patients electing ESS. Although change in SNOT-22 total scores following CAMT exceeded the MCID, none of the average SNOT-22 domain score improvements surpassed their respective MCID thresholds. CONCLUSIONS MCID values for SNOT-22 total and domain scores in patients electing CAMT are similar to previously published MCID values associated with ESS, indicating that MCID values are independent of treatment modality selection. Therefore, despite evidence of statistical significance, CAMT for CRS may not be associated with clinically discernable improvements in average SNOT-22 domain scores. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2c Laryngoscope, 129:31-36, 2019.
Protein Supplementation Throughout 10 Weeks of Progressive Run Training Is Not Beneficial for Time Trial Improvement.

INTRODUCTION: Protein supplementation is proposed to promote recovery and adaptation following endurance exercise. While prior literature demonstrates improved performance when supplementing protein during or following endurance exercise, chronic supplementation research is limited. METHODS: Runners (VO2peak=53.6±8.9 ml/kg/min) were counter-balanced into a placebo group (PLA; n=8) or protein group (PRO; n=9) based on sex and VO2peak, and underwent 10 weeks of progressive endurance training. Prior to training, body composition, blood cell differentials, non-invasive mitochondrial capacity using near-infrared spectroscopy, and a 5 km treadmill time trial (TT) were evaluated. Progressive training then commenced (5-10% increase in weekly volume with a recovery week following 3 weeks of training) whereby PRO supplemented with 25 g of whey protein following workouts and prior to sleep (additional 50 g daily). PLA supplemented similarly with a <1 g sugar pill. Following training, participants were reanalyzed for the aforementioned tests. RESULTS: VO2peak and initial 5 km TT were not significantly different between groups. PRO consumed significantly more dietary protein throughout the training period (PRO=132 g/d or 2.1 g/kg/day; PLA=84 g/d or 1.2 g/kg/day). Running volume increased significantly over time, but was not significantly different between groups throughout training. Blood measures were unaltered with training or supplementation. Mitochondrial capacity trended towards improving over time (time p=0.063) with no difference between groups. PLA increased lean mass 0.7 kg (p<0.05) while PRO experienced infinitesimal change (-0.1 kg, interaction p=0.049). PLA improved 5 km TT performance 6.4% (1 min 31 s), while PRO improved only 2.7% (40 s) (interaction p=0.080). CONCLUSION: This is the first evidence to suggest long-term protein supplementation during progressive run training is not beneficial for runners.
Pulses and Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease

Pulses offer health benefits, and their favorable nutrient composition has the potential to improve diet quality. In developing countries, pulses improve nutrient intakes of populations at risk of consuming a diet of poor quality. In developed nations, pulses have been recommended as an integral component of a healthful dietary pattern. Epidemiological and interventional studies have provided insight into the benefits of pulse intake related to the prevention and management of chronic disease. This chapter discusses the evidence from human studies regarding the effects of pulse consumption on cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cancer risk. In addition, the novel application of a pulse-based diet in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome and the importance of pulses in maintaining the wellbeing of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome are highlighted. Emerging evidence related to pulse consumption, improved diet quality, and decreased burden of chronic disease support translational efforts to promote pulses as health-enhancing, sustainable food sources globally.
Sexually transmitted infection screening and diagnosis among adolescent men who have sex with men, three US cities, 2015.

Adolescent men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV; however, data documenting STI screening, STI burden, and associated risk factors...
Pediatric Olecranon Osteochondral Flap Fractures With Subtle Radiographic Abnormality

Pediatric olecranon osteochondral flap fractures are shear injuries of the humeroulnar joint with elevation of an articular cartilaginous flap from the subchondral bone of the olecranon articular surface. All previously reported cases included an osteochondral flap containing the coronoid, with varying imaging and fixation methods used. We treated 2 pediatric patients with this injury. One of our patients had a large, displaced osteochondral fracture of the medial semilunar notch including the coronoid, in addition to avulsions of the medial flexor mass and distal ulnar collateral ligament. The other patient sustained a displaced, rotated osteochondral fracture including the coronoid with subsequent humeroulnar subluxation. Both fractures were anatomically reduced and fixed with absorbable suture, leading to excellent results at 1 year. A high degree of suspicion, thorough work-up, and anatomical reduction of all injured structures are paramount in treatment of this rare, difficult-to-diagnose injury.
Attitudes and Psychological Factors Associated With News Monitoring, Social Distancing, Disinfecting, and Hoarding Behaviors Among US Adolescents During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Importance As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads across the world, it is critical to understand the psychological factors associated with pandemic-related behaviors. This perspecitve may be especially important to study among adolescents, who are less likely to experience severe symptoms but contribute to the spread of the virus. Objective To examine psychological factors associated with adolescents’ behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This self-reported survey conducted from March 20 to 22, 2020, recruited a population-based sample of adolescents via social media to complete an anonymous survey. Participants were eligible if they had internet access, lived in the United States, and were aged 13 to 18 years. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included COVID-19 news monitoring, social distancing, disinfecting, and hoarding behaviors during the 7 days after the United States declared a national emergency. The psychological factors were attitudes about COVID-19 severity, social responsibility values, social trust, and self-interest. The a priori hypotheses were that greater attitudes about the severity of COVID-19, greater social responsibility, and greater social trust would be associated with greater news monitoring, social distancing, and disinfecting, whereas greater self-interest would be associated with more hoarding. Results The sample included 770 adolescents collected via convenience sampling (mean [SD] age, 16.3 [1.1] years; 575 girls [74.7%]). Many teens reported not engaging in pure social distancing (528 [68.6%]), but they were monitoring the news (688 [89.4%]) and disinfecting daily (676 [87.8%]). Some teens reported hoarding (152 [19.7%]). Attitudes about the greater severity of COVID-19 were associated with more social distancing (β = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.25), disinfecting (β = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.23), and news monitoring (β = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.33) but also more hoarding (β = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.16). Greater social responsibility was associated with more disinfecting (β = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.32) and news monitoring (β = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.22) and less hoarding (β = −0.07; 95% CI = −0.14 to −0.01). Greater self-interest values were associated with less social distancing (β = −0.08; 95% CI = −0.15 to −0.01) and more hoarding (β = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.15). Greater social trust was associated with less hoarding (β = −0.09; 95% CI, −0.16 to −0.02). Conclusions and Relevance The results of this survey study suggest that emphasizing the severity of COVID-19 and the social implications of pandemic-related behaviors may be important for teens, particularly for those who are not following preventive health behaviors or who are engaging in hoarding.
Full Conformational Analyses of the Ultrafast Isomerization in Penta-coordinated Ru(S2C2(CF3)2)(CO)(PPh3)2: One Compound, Two Crystal Structures, Three CO Frequencies, 24 Stereoisomers, and 48 Transition States.

The stereodynamics of an ultrafast (picosecond) isomerization in a penta-coordinated ruthenium complex, Ru(S2C2(CF3)2)(CO)(PPh3)2, were characterized by density functional theory (DFT). The rutheni...
LeTera: Stochastic Beam Control Through ESN Learning in Terahertz-Band Wireless UAV Networks

Terahertz (THz)-band communication is a key technology to achieve ultra-high-data-rate wireless links in beyond-5G wireless networks. A main challenge with this frequency band is that the wireless links can be easily disconnected because of beam misalignment in mobile environments. This paper focuses on beam control in THz-band wireless Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks, where perfect beam alignment is hard to achieve in the presence of multi-scale mobility uncertainties of the flying UAVs. We propose a learning-based stochastic beam control scheme called LeTera to reduce the outage probability of the THz-band wireless links based on Echo State Networks (ESN). The scheme dynamically predicts through echo state learning the best beam width based on statistical information of the UAV mobility pattern. The scheme is evaluated using mobility traces collected through a series of UAV flight field experiments in different weather. Results show that LeTera can predict the optimal beam width with 99% accuracy and nearly optimal link capacity can be achieved in the presence of beam alignment latency.
(Dis)connections in anonymous communication theory: exploring conceptualizations of anonymity in communication research

Anonymity has sparked the interests of scholars studying a broad and diverse range of communication phenomena. The collective body of research that has accumulated, however, remains fragmented and ...
Strain engineering in metal halide perovskite materials and devices: Influence on stability and optoelectronic properties

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been extensively studied for their promising applications in solar cells and other devices due to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties, low cost, and easy fabrication by versatile processes. Different from bulk crystals grown from solutions, polycrystalline perovskite films deposited on substrates generally are strained due to multiple mechanisms, which significantly impact their optoelectronic properties, defect physics, and photostability. The fabrication and operation of perovskite solar panels inevitably introduce strains in perovskite. Strain has been broadly applied to stabilize the photoactive phase of several perovskite compositions that would otherwise show a thermodynamically stable photoinactive phase at room temperature. There is increasing research on strain engineering of MHPs to enhance device performance. However, a systematic review and understanding of strain engineering in MHP is still lacking. Herein, an overview of strain engineering on MHP materials and solar cells is provided. In this review, we start with a general review on strain in semiconductors, including the characteristics of strain, characterization techniques, and the effects of strain on the lattice structure, electronic, and optical properties of semiconductors. We then summarize progress in understanding the generation of strain categorized by local and global strains and their impacts on the multi-faceted properties of MHPs, including phase stability, photostability, and other optoelectronic properties. Both positive and negative impacts have been observed on these properties. Strain engineering has shown to be promising in making much more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TITLE IX OF THE EDUCATION AMENDMENTS OF 1972

Title IX provides that no person shall be excluded from participation in any educational program or activity that receives federal funding. This legislation is credited with bolstering the participation rates of girls and women in athletics. Although athletics are not explicitly addressed in the statutory language, Title IX requires schools to offer male and female students equal opportunities to play sports, to give male and female athletes their fair share of athletic scholarship money, and to treat male and female athletes equally in all other respects, including equipment, facilities and coaching. Proponents of Title IX claim that participation in sports leads to important health and wellness benefits for female athletes. The critics of Title IX argue that the legislation has caused schools to cut male teams in order to comply with Title IX and claim that women are inherently less interested in sports than men. In order to gain a better understanding of Title IX and its effect on intercollegiate athletics, this article provides the researcher with a comprehensive bibliography on the topic, including those articles discussing how the courts have used Title IX to address sexual harassment on college campuses. This article starts with a discussion of the law’s legislative history and its effect on participation rates of female athletes. This is followed by a comprehensive list of books on Title IX and an annotated list of law review articles on the law. Furthermore, the bibliography includes a list of Internet resources for Title IX, including relevant websites and blogs. INTRODUCTION While holding practice at school one day in 1976, the boys’ basketball coaches noticed the listing on the bulletin board of those students with the best times in the fifty-yard dash. The coaches did not recognize the names of the two children with the best times. After finding the gym teacher, the coaches asked him why those two “boys” were not playing on the school’s basketball team. The gym teacher’s
The Thunder and the Grass

ONCE THERE WAS A KING who reigned peacefully over a flourishing Kingdom, but he was so morbidly afraid of death that nothing could ease his spirit. His preoccupation was so great, in fact, that he took his food and drink grudgingly and was often oblivious to the words of others. When he laboured in council, he did so as one whose thoughts were always elsewhere. And the darkness of his nights were crossed by cold pale bands of waking, during which times the terrified King lay in his bed, counting his heartbeats. Knowing that every step he took carried him nearer to his end, he hardly ventured forth from his chamber. And during his long vigils, he began to think of Death as another Empire, the shadow of his own; he pictured it as an awesome Kingdom?one that he was destined to visit one day when his time upon this earth ran out. His Queen, who was a grave, lovely woman, with a gift for pacifying birds and dogs, could do nothing for her Master. She, better than most, understood how the King spent his hours. He was so fearful he often seemed to her more of a demon than a man?one of those trolls whose
Robots and the human

Robotics is rapidly expanding into the human environment and vigorously staying engaged in its emerging challenges. From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics has undergone, by the turn of the new millennium, a major transformation in scope and dimensions. This expansion has been brought about by the maturity of the field and the advances in its related technologies to address the pressing needs for human-centered robotic applications. Interacting, exploring, and working with humans, the new generation of robots will increasingly touch people and their lives, in homes, workplaces, and communities, providing support in services, entertainment, education, manufacturing, personal health care, and assistance. The successful introduction of robots in human environments will rely on the development of competent and practical systems that are dependable, safe, and easy to use. This presentation focuses on the efforts to develop human-friendly robotic systems that combine the essential characteristics of safety, human-compatibility, and performance with emphasis on (i) new design concepts and novel sensing modalities; (ii) efficient planning and whole-body robot control strategies; and (iii) robotic-based synthesis of human motion and skills.
Coming to play or coming to win : participation and success at the Olympic Games

This paper investigates the post-War Summer Olympic Games in order to determine the economic and political determinants of national participation, and of female participation in particular. Success at the Games (i.e., medal counts) is then analyzed in two ways, from the individual level and the national level, showing similar results. Female participation is rising over time, augmented primarily by larger nations. There is a significant and measurable advantage to larger nations (both in GDP per capita and in population) in terms of participation and success at the Games. Furthermore, there are undeniable advantages to being the hosting nation, and to being a neighbor to the host. Equally striking is the fact that while there is no evidence of a bias of Communist and single-party governments to send more athletes to the Games, once there, the athletes of these nations perform exceptionally well. There is support for the hypothesis that colonial links make a difference, imparting a mixed blessing from the past. Predictions for participation and gold, silver and bronze medal counts by nation for the 2000 Sydney Games conclude the paper. JEL O10, Z10
Microbial Penetration through Nutrient-Saturated Berea Sandstone

Penetration times and penetration rates for a motile Bacillus strain growing in nutrient-saturated Berea sandstone cores were determined. The rate of penetration was essentially independent of permeabilities above 100 mdarcys and rapidly declined for permeabilities below 100 mdarcys. It was found that these penetration rates could be grouped into two statistically distinct classes consisting of rates for permeabilities above 100 mdarcys and rates for those below 100 mdarcys. Instantaneous penetration rates were found to be zero order with respect to core length for cores with permeabilities above 100 mdarcys and first order with respect to core length for cores with permeabilities below 100 mdarcys. The maximum observed penetration rate was 0.47 cm · h−1, and the slowest was 0.06 cm · h−1; however, these rates may be underestimates of the true penetration rate, since the observed rates included the time required for growth in the flask as well as the core. The relationship of penetration time to the square of the length of the core suggested that cells penetrated high-permeability cores as a band and low-permeability cores in a diffuse fashion. The motile Enterobacter aerogenes strain penetrated Berea sandstone cores three to eight times faster than did the nonmotile Klebsiella pneumoniae strain when cores of comparable length and permeability were used. A penetration mechanism based entirely on motility predicted penetration times that were in agreement with the observed penetration times for motile strains. The fact that nonmotile strains penetrated the cores suggested that filamentous or unrestricted growth, or both, may also be important.
The rotational spectra of the 61, 71, 81, 91 and 51/92 vibrational states of H15NO3

Abstract The high-resolution rotational spectrum of H 15 NO 3 has been recorded in the range between 74 and 850 GHz and used to complete an extensive analysis of the six vibrational states below 1000 cm −1 that include the isolated 8 1 and 9 1 states along with the weakly interacting 6 1 and 7 1 states and strongly interacting 5 1 and 9 2 dyad. The 6 1 and 7 1 states couple via a weak Coriolis interaction while the 5 1 and 9 1 states couple through strong Fermi and weaker Coriolis interactions. The Hamiltonian models account for the observed torsional splitting in the 9 1 and 9 2 states of 2.4 and 70 MHz, respectively, and the induced torsional spitting of 15 MHz in the 5 1 state due to the strong Fermi mixing with the 9 2 state. The transitions from each state are fit to within the experimental accuracy and the resulting spectroscopic constants agree well with the main isotopologue.
Information Risk Management and Resilience

Are the levels of information risk management efforts within and between firms correlated with the resilience of the firms to information disruptions? This paper examines the question by considering the results of field studies of information risk management practices at organizations and in supply chains. The organizations investigated differ greatly in the degree of coupling from a general and information risk management standpoint, as well as in the levels of internal awareness and activity regarding information risk management. The comparison of the levels of information risk management in the firms and their actual or inferred resilience indicates that a formal information risk management approach is not necessary for resilience in certain sectors.
Charge trapping in SiO2

Avalanche injection techniques are extensively used to inject electrons and holes from silicon into the thin SiO2 layer of the type used in MOS transistors. This makes it possible to evaluate the electron and hole trapping kinetics in this material using only simple MOS devices. The simplicity of these devices makes it relatively easy to study the effect of variations in the processing technology used. The results show that processing dependencies are different for “bulk” traps and traps located at the Si-SiO2 interface. It is interesting to note that both the hole and electron traps located at the interface have the same processing dependence and are very sensitive to treatments in oxygen suggesting that these traps are related to an oxygen deficiency in the SiO2 near the interface.
Climatology of Ozone Exceedences in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area: 1-Hour vs 8-Hour Standard and the Role of Plume Recirculation Air Pollution Episodes

This work compares the relative frequencies of and meteorological conditions most conducive to exceedences of the current 1-h/120-ppbv national ambient air quality standard for ozone and the propos...
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium: Catheter Colonization, esp Gene, and Decreased Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Biofilm

To evaluate the molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility in biofilm of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) organisms that had caused catheter-related VREF bacteremia (VREF-CRB), we compared 22 isolates causing bacteremia obtained from patients with VREF-CRB with 30 isolates from control patients with gastrointestinal colonization by VREF. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we identified 17 unique strains among the 22 VREF-CRB isolates and 23 strains among the gastrointestinal isolates. The esp gene was detected in 53% (9 of 17) of the VREF-CRB and 61% (14 of 23) of the control strains (P = 0.6). VREF-CRB produced heavier biofilm colonization of silicone disks than did control organisms (P < 0.001). Daptomycin, minocycline, and quinupristin-dalfopristin were each independently more active than linezolid in reducing biofilm colonization by VREF-CRB (P < 0.01), with daptomycin being the most active, followed by minocycline. In conclusion, the esp gene in VREF is not associated with heavy biofilm colonization or catheter-related bacteremia. In biofilm, daptomycin and minocycline were the most active antibiotics against VREF, and linezolid was the least active.
Managerial Effectiveness of Government Performance Measurement: Testing a Middle-Range Model

The research on government performance measurement has been largely descriptive and prescriptive, with only limited attention paid to hypothesis testing and middle-range theory construction. Although researchers have made prescriptions about how to make performance management work, the validity of those prescriptions has not been systematically examined. In particular, the role of the external political environment and stakeholder participation, two important factors for public sector management, remains unclear. Based on survey data, this article uses structural equation modeling to test a model that assesses how political environment, stakeholder participation, organizational support, and training affect the adoption and managerial effectiveness of performance management.
A Parallel 3D Dendritic Growth Simulator Using the Phase-Field Method

We describe an implementation of a parallel finite-difference algorithm for the simulation of alloy solidification in three dimensions using the phase-field model. We also describe the visualization of the output from this simulator. Although this type of simulation has been accomplished before in two dimensions, extending this to three dimensions presents scaling problems for both the computations and the subsequent rendering of the results for visualization. This is due to the O(n4) execution time of the simulation algorithm as well as the O(n3) space requirements for holding the required three-dimensional arrays of field parameters. Additionally, rendering the output of the three-dimensional simulation stresses the available software and hardware when the simulations extend over computational grids of size 500×500×500. Parallel computing libraries and hardware-supported rendering combine to help make this simulator simple to implement, portable, and efficient even when run in heterogeneous environments. This has all been accomplished using simple static uniform grids and finite differencing.
Reticulospinal fibers of the opsossum, Didelphis virginiana. II. Course, caudal extent and distribution†

Lesions were placed in the deep midbrain tegmentum and within areas of the pontine and medullary reticular formation which were determined by the retrograde degeneration method to give rise to reticulospinal fibers. The location of each lesion was verified histologically and the spinal cords processed by either the Nauta or Fink-Heimer method. Control material for the origin of degenerated fibers was provided by previous studies on corticospinal, tectospinal and rubrospinal fibers in the same form. Fibers degenerating as a result of mesencephalic tegmental lesions followed the ipsilateral ventral funiculus and could be traced as far caudal as midthoracic levels. They ended in Rexed's laminae VII and VIII. Lesions of the pontine reticular formation resulted in the degeneration of fibers within the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. The great majority of these fibers followed an ipsilateral course. Such pontospinal fibers were present throughout the length of the spinal cord; their terminal distribution appears to take place mainly within laminae VII and VIII. At certain levels, however, such fibers could be traced into lamina IX. Lesions in the medial medullary reticular formation resulted in fiber degeneration chiefly within the ipsilateral ventral and lateral funiculi. However, a few fibers were present on the side opposite the ablation. This fiber system extends throughout the length of the spinal cord and distributes itself in laminae VII and VIII and, at certain levels, also in lamina IX. Lesions isolated to the lateral, parvocellular portion of the medullary reticular formation resulted in fiber degeneration located within the propriospinal bundles of the lateral funiculus which could be traced to rostral cervical levels. Such lesions also interrupted the rubrospinal tract in the its medullary trajectory.
Origin of Exopolyphosphatase Processivity: Fusion of an ASKHA Phosphotransferase and a Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Homolog

The Escherichia coli Ppx protein is an exopolyphosphatase that degrades long-chain polyphosphates in a highly processive reaction. It also hydrolyzes the terminal 5' phosphate of the modified nucleotide guanosine 5' triphosphate 3' diphosphate (pppGpp). The structure of Ppx has been determined to 1.9 A resolution by X-ray crystallography. The exopolyphosphatase is an ASKHA (acetate and sugar kinases, Hsp70, actin) phosphotransferase with an active site found in a cleft between the two amino-terminal domains. Analysis of the active site indicates that among the ASKHA phosphotranferases of known structure, Ppx is the closest to the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases. A third domain forms a six-helix claw that is similar to the catalytic core of the eukaryotic cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Most of the 29 sulfate ions bound to the Ppx dimer occupy sites where the polyP chain likely binds. An aqueduct that passes through the enzyme provides a physical basis for the enzyme's high processivity.
Likelihood analysis of geographic variation in allelic frequencies : II. The logit model and an extension to multiple loci.

Summary. Likelihood estimation and testing procedures are described for treating geographic variation in allelic frequencies as a logistic function of environmental variables. The basic response curve is sigmoidal, and avoids the necessity of invoking environmental thresholds imposed by a linear response nlodel. The one-locus two-allele, one-locus three-alleles, and two-locus two-allele cases are explicitly treated, and the extensions to multiple alleles and loci are indicated. Three cases of geographic variation in gametic frequencies are analyzed to illustrate the utility of these techniques. A biological rationale is given for a sigmoidal response curve, and the utility of the logit model for univariate and nmltivariate "analysis of variance" is indicated.
Solving time/cost trade‐off problems with discounted cash flows using generalized benders decomposition

In this article we consider a project scheduling problem where there are cash flows throughout the life of the project and where shorter activity durations can be attained by incurring greater direct costs. In particular, the objective of this problem is to determine the activity durations and a schedule of activity start times so that the net present value of cash flows is maximized. We formulate this problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear program which is amenable to solution using the generalized Benders decomposition technique developed by Geoffrion. We test the algorithm on 140 project scheduling problems, the largest of which contains 30 nodes and 64 activities. Our computational results are quite encouraging inasmuch as 123 of the 140 problems require less than 1 CPU second of solution time. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A tris(2-quinolylmethyl)amine scaffold that promotes hydrogen bonding within the secondary coordination sphere.

A new quinolyl-based ligand presents three amide functionalities to act as hydrogen-bond accepting groups to a metal-bound substrate at a well-defined distance. As a confirmation of the design strategy, CH3CN coordinated to copper(II) participates in CH–O interactions in the solid state and in solution.
P08.07: Ectopia cordis: association with amniotic band syndrome in seven cases

Objectives: To identify the outflow tracts of the fetal heart using the STIC method (spatiotemporal image correlation) in the 11–13 week scan. Methods: We performed 30 ultrasound examinations of pregnant women between 11 and 13 weeks from november 2009 to february 2010 at the Center for Fetal Medicine of Campinas (CENTRUS), according to the screening protocol in the first trimester traced by the Fetal Medicine Foundation using the HD11 (Philips). After the morphological analysis it was assessed the fetal heart following the methodology described by Paladini in 2008. We identified the heart through the four-chamber view and after activation of the color Doppler the STIC method was performed. It was then carried out post-processing, making it possible to identify the cardiac atria and the position of the aorta and pulmonary arteries, and the relationships among these structures. Results: A total of 30 women between 11 and 13 weeks. Six women (20.0%) had a gestational age of 11 weeks, 13 (43.3%) 12 weeks and the remaining 11 (36.7%) women had 13 weeks of gestation. The crow rump length averaged 64.3 mm (47.3 to 82.3 mm), with standard deviation of 9.4 mm. The mean nuchal translucency thickness was 1.9 mm (1.2 to 5.0 mm) with a standard deviation of 0.7 mm. Examination showed no regurgitation of the tricuspid valve. The nasal bone was present in 25 (83.3%) samples. The visualization of the outflow tract and their relationship to the cardiac atria occurred in 19 (63.3%) women. Inappropriate positioning of the fetus (7 cases), Doppler acquisition of poor quality (2 cases) and the impossibility of assessing the aorta (2 cases) were the reasons for not identifying the correct exit routes. Conclusions: The application of ultrasound examination suggested by the methodology described by Paladini proved to be feasible within the screening period of the first trimester, antecipating the identification of the outflow tract of the fetal heart.