cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A general approach for closed-loop registration in AR

Tracking and augmentation are usually handled in independent consecutive stages in augmented reality (AR). The result is that the real-virtual registration is “open loop”—inaccurate tracking leads to misregistration that is seen by the users but not the system. We propose a general approach to “close the loop” in the displayed appearance by using the visual feedback of registration for tracking. Specifically, a model-based method is introduced to simultaneously track and augment real objects in a closed-loop fashion, where the model is comprised of the combination of the real object to be tracked and the virtual object to be rendered. This method is applicable to paradigms including video-based AR, projector-based AR, and diminished reality.
The Novel and the Sea

The Novel and the Sea Margaret Cohen Princeton: Princeton UP, 2010 xiii + 306, 30 illustrations. ISBN 0-6911-4065-0 (hb) In The Novel and the Sea, Margaret Cohen traces the transatlantic developmen...
On the relationship between shear lip, shear index and energy in dynamic tear specimens

In a previous paper [J. R. Matthews, On the relationship between shear index and energy in dynamic tear specimens. Engng Fracture Mech. 39, 131–140 (1991)], a relationship was shown to exist between the fracture energy and shear index in a series of dynamic tear (DT) test of quench and tempered carbon and low alloy steels, and their weldments over a wide range of temperatures, compositions and locations in the weldments. In this paper it will be shown that a relationship also exists between the shear lip size and the energy that fractured the specimen. More importantly the relationship between shear lip and energy is independent of specimen thickness as will be shown for a series of 16 and 25 mm specimens. Data used in this study have been acquired from samples of HY80, HY100 and HLES steels and gas metal arc welds of HY80 and HY100 steels.
Optical second-harmonic generation in Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of polyacrylates and polyoxazolines with fluorinated side groups

Abstract Thin films that consist of alternating monolayers of poly(N-( p -heneicosafluorodecylsulfonylphenyl)-L-prolinol acrylate) and poly(2-( p -(1-oxy-1-trifluoromethyl-2,2-diheptafluoroisopropylethylene)phenyl)-2-oxazoline) are prepared by the Langmuir—Blodgett method. As revealed by optical second-harmonic generation, the multilayer films exhibit a high degree of polar orientational order with long-term stability, as well as good optical quality.
Activation of brainstem endorphinergic neurons causes cardiovascular depression and facilitates baroreflex bradycardia

Abstract The effects of electrical stimulation of the arcuate nucleus on blood pressure, heart rate and baroreflex sensitivity were studied in urethane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulation of the mid-anterior parts of the arcuate nucleus at 80 Hz, 0.8 ms and 50–200 μA caused a biphasic, depressor/ pressor, response and moderate bradycardia. Intravenous administration of a vasopressin V 1 -receptor antagonist eliminated the pressor component and unmasked a pure depressor response. This depressor response could be inhibited by naltrexone, 2 mg/kg i.v., by an antiserum against β-endorphin, 100 nl injected directly into the ipsilateral nucleus tractus solitarii, or by deafferentation of the dorsal vagal complex (nucleus tractus solitarii and dorsal vagal nucleus) by an ipsilateral, dorsolateral knife-cut of the medulla oblongata. Stimulation of the arcuate nucleus at currents of 20–40 μA did not influence basal blood pressure or heart rate but potentiated the reflex bradycardia induced by phenylephrine, and this effect was completely blocked by naltrexone. It is concluded that a β-endorphin-containing pathway projecting from the arcuate nucleus to the ipsilateral dorsal vagal complex is involved in depressor cardiovascular regulation and in the facilitation of baroreflex bradycardia.
Contrasting patterns of selection on the size and coloration of a female plumage ornament in common yellowthroats

Females often possess ornaments that appear smaller and duller than homologous traits in males. These ornaments may arise as nonfunctional by-products of sexual selection in males and cause negative viability or fecundity selection in females in proportion to the cost of their production and maintenance. Alternatively, female ornaments may function as signals of quality that are maintained by sexual or social selection. In a 4-year study of 83 female common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) and their 222 young, we found strong viability and fecundity selection on the yellow bib, a carotenoid-based plumage ornament that is a target of sexual selection in males. Females with larger bibs were older, larger and more fecund than females with smaller bibs. However, bib size positively covaried with bib total brightness and carotenoid chroma, aspects of bib coloration that were under negative viability and fecundity selection. Females with more colourful bibs laid fewer eggs in their first clutch, were more likely to suffer total brood loss due to predation and were less likely to return to the study area. Selection against bib coloration limits the value of bib size as a quality indicator in females and may constrain the elaboration of bib attributes in males.
Progress towards understanding β-sheet structure

Abstract This review is focused on recent advances in our understanding of β-sheet structure. It is intended to supplement previous surveys describing the early characterization and study of β-sheet structure. The first two sections of this review provide a brief introduction to β-sheet structure referencing the prior comprehensive reviews in this area as well as integrating new concepts. The next part outlines the typical problems encountered in solution studies on β-sheet structures. The most useful spectroscopic and biophysical techniques used to characterize β-sheet structures are described in the fourth section. Current hypotheses regarding the folding of predominantly β-sheet proteins are discussed in some detail in the fifth segment. The efforts of a number of laboratories to utilize peptides or peptidomimetics to serve as small β-sheet model systems are reviewed in the penultimate section. Finally, the efforts of a number of research groups focusing on the de novo design of β-sheet-based proteins are outlined.
Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the neocortex

Asymmetric divisions of radial glia progenitors produce self-renewing radial glia and differentiating cells simultaneously in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing neocortex. Whereas differentiating cells leave the VZ to constitute the future neocortex, renewing radial glia progenitors stay in the VZ for subsequent divisions. The differential behaviour of progenitors and their differentiating progeny is essential for neocortical development; however, the mechanisms that ensure these behavioural differences are unclear. Here we show that asymmetric centrosome inheritance regulates the differential behaviour of renewing progenitors and their differentiating progeny in the embryonic mouse neocortex. Centrosome duplication in dividing radial glia progenitors generates a pair of centrosomes with differently aged mother centrioles. During peak phases of neurogenesis, the centrosome retaining the old mother centriole stays in the VZ and is preferentially inherited by radial glia progenitors, whereas the centrosome containing the new mother centriole mostly leaves the VZ and is largely associated with differentiating cells. Removal of ninein, a mature centriole-specific protein, disrupts the asymmetric segregation and inheritance of the centrosome and causes premature depletion of progenitors from the VZ. These results indicate that preferential inheritance of the centrosome with the mature older mother centriole is required for maintaining radial glia progenitors in the developing mammalian neocortex.
Global Analysis of Posttranslational Protein Arginylation

Posttranslational arginylation is critical for embryogenesis, cardiovascular development, and angiogenesis, but its molecular effects and the identity of proteins arginylated in vivo are largely unknown. Here we report a global analysis of this modification on the protein level and identification of 43 proteins arginylated in vivo on highly specific sites. Our data demonstrate that unlike previously believed, arginylation can occur on any N-terminally exposed residue likely defined by a structural recognition motif on the protein surface, and that it preferentially affects a number of physiological systems, including cytoskeleton and primary metabolic pathways. The results of our study suggest that protein arginylation is a general mechanism for regulation of protein structure and function and outline the potential role of protein arginylation in cell metabolism and embryonic development.
Antigen analogs as tools to study T-cell activation function and activation.

Abstract Herein we review data relating to the molecular mechanism of T-cell receptor antagonists, their effect on thymic education, the occurrence of naturally occurring antigen analogs, and the therapeutic potential of the TCR antagonist approach. Our data suggest that MHC bound antigen analogs which antagonize the mature T-cell response, bind the T-cell receptor below a crucial affinity threshold required to stimulate the early biochemical events necessary for activation, such as phosphatidylinositol metabolism and the Ca 2+ influx. The same peptides do not inhibit the formation of APC/T-cell complexes, suggesting interference with more complex equilibria such as receptor oligomerization and co-receptor interaction. Our laboratory and others have also begun to investigate how these antigen analogs may affect the processes involved in thymic education. Non-stimulatory antagonist peptides can elicit depletion of CD4 + /CD8 + thymocytes suggesting a lower affinity requirement for negative selection than for activation. These data also demonstrate that these antigen analogs can, indeed, act upon immature T cells. We have also reviewed evidence that antagonists may, in fact, occur in nature. Recent data suggest that viral mutations resulting in altered immunodominant epitopes may produce antagonist determinants potentially involved in immunosuppression and viral persistence. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of antigen analogs and TCR antagonism in autoimmune disease and allergy.
Effects of submicellar aggregates on nucleophilic aromatic substitution and addition

Abstract In dilute cationic surfactants (C16H33NR3X; R = Me, Et, n-Pr, n-Bu; X = Cl, Br) rate constants of reaction of 2,4-dinitrochloronaphthalene with OH−, N3−, aniline, or morpholine, and of equilibrium formation of a Meisenheimer complex from 1,3-dinitronaphthalene and OH−, go through double rate maxima with increasing [surfactant]. The first maximum is ascribed to reaction in submicellar aggregates and the second to reaction in normal micelles.
Subfractionation of liver membrane preparations by specific ligand-induced density perturbation

Abstract Immunofluorescence and immunoferritin staining with monospecific antibodies to dipeptidyl peptidase IV purified from rat liver plasma membrane showed that the antigenic sites of this glycoprotein were exposed only on the outer surface of the liver cell. In a vesiculated plasma membrane preparation the peptidase was located exclusively on right-side-out elements, which differed in their degrees of ferritin staining, and could be separated into subfractions of different buoyant densities corresponding to their concentration of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The concomitant density perturbation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase was similar, but not identical, to that of the peptidase itself, indicating that these two marker enzymes are somewhat differently distributed in the plane of the liver plasma membrane. Since essentially all the galactosyl transferase in plasma membrane and none of that in Golgi membrane could be density-perturbed with the antipeptidase, the activity in the plasma membrane preparation could not be ascribed to contamination with discrete Golgi elements. On the other hand, the small amount of dipeptidyl peptidase IV found in the Golgi preparations was itself perturbed by the antipeptidase, indicating that it represented contaminating right-side-out plasma membrane vesicles. In preliminary experiments similar separations were also obtained with wheat germ agglutinin as the plasma membrane ligand. Density perturbation, mediated by the recognition of specific surface markers, should be a useful adjunct in the separation and characterization of subcellular components in other systems.
On the Minimization of Communication in Networked Systems with a Central Station

The problem of minimizing communication in a distributed networked system is considered in a discrete-event formalism where the system is modeled as a finite-state automaton. The system consists of a central station and a set of N local agents, each observing a set of local events. The central station needs to know exactly the state of the system, whereas local agents need to disambiguate certain pre-specified pairs of states for purposes of control or diagnosis. This requirement is achieved by communication, which occurs only between the central station and the local agents but not among the local agents. A communication policy is defined as a set of event occurrences to be communicated between the central station and the local agents. A communication policy is said to be minimal if any removal of communication of event occurrences will affect the correctness of the solution. Under an assumption on the absence of cycles (other than self-loops) in the system model, this paper presents an algorithm that computes a minimal communication policy in polynomial time in all parameters of the system. These results improve upon previous algorithms for solving minimum communication problems.
Dual functions of Tet1 in transcriptional regulation in mouse embryonic stem cells

The modified DNA base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), sometimes called the sixth base, is present in the mammalian genome where it is generated by oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC; the fifth base) by enzymes of the Tet family. Four papers in this issue, from the Helin, Zhang, Rao and Reik laboratories, respectively, report on the genome-wide distribution of Tet1 and/or 5hmC in mouse embryonic stem cells using the ChIP-seq technique. Links between Tet1 and transcription regulation — both activation and repression — are revealed. Anjana Rao and colleagues also describe two alternative methods with increased sensitivity for mapping single 5hmC bases. In the associated News & Views, Nathalie Veron and Antoine H. F. M. Peters discuss what these and other recent papers reveal about the role of Tet proteins in regulating DNA methylation and gene expression. Epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome by DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine) has a profound impact on chromatin structure, gene expression and maintenance of cellular identity1. The recent demonstration that members of the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine raised the possibility that Tet proteins are capable of establishing a distinct epigenetic state2,3. We have recently demonstrated that Tet1 is specifically expressed in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells and is required for ES cell maintenance2. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput DNA sequencing, here we show in mouse ES cells that Tet1 is preferentially bound to CpG-rich sequences at promoters of both transcriptionally active and Polycomb-repressed genes. Despite an increase in levels of DNA methylation at many Tet1-binding sites, Tet1 depletion does not lead to downregulation of all the Tet1 targets. Interestingly, although Tet1-mediated promoter hypomethylation is required for maintaining the expression of a group of transcriptionally active genes, it is also involved in repression of Polycomb-targeted developmental regulators. Tet1 contributes to silencing of this group of genes by facilitating recruitment of PRC2 to CpG-rich gene promoters. Thus, our study not only establishes a role for Tet1 in modulating DNA methylation levels at CpG-rich promoters, but also reveals a dual function of Tet1 in promoting transcription of pluripotency factors as well as participating in the repression of Polycomb-targeted developmental regulators.
The study of the adsorption and diffusion of heavy atoms on light element substrates by means of the atomic resolution stem

Abstract The feasibility of using a high resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to study the adsorption and diffusion of heavy atoms on low atomic number substrates is investigated. It is shown that the study of surface phenomena on an atomic scale with the STEM can be complementary to existing techniques since it is capable of observing substrate—adsorbate systems not easily accessible by other methods. Two types of measurements which can be performed at present have been demonstrated. They are: (a) the measurement of the spacing distribution of adatoms (or admolecules) deposited onto substrates; and (2) the direct measurement of the diffusion of individual adatoms, admolecules or clusters on substrates. Our initial experiments have utilized thin evaporated carbon films as substrates and solvent evaporated heavy atom containing molecules as adsorbates because of the ease in preparation of such samples. However, the method can be extended to any substrate that can be made of small enough mass thickness and any adsorbate that can be visualized. We have: (1) found that admolecules deposited onto substrates at low concentrations (from 7 × 10−2/A2 to 5 × 10−3/A2) exhibit preferential spacings with respect to one another (as opposed to being randomly distributed); and (2) measured the thermal motion of silver and uranium atoms deposited from dilute solutions of silver cyanide and uranyl chloride on carbon substrates and determined the diffusion coefficient and activation energy for diffusion for the individual adatoms (at room temperature). In addition, we have shown for the uranium samples that within our experimental error the effects of electron-beam interactions on the spacing distributions and the observed frequency of motion are small and do not predominate.
Properties of long myosin light chain kinase binding to F-actin in vitro and in vivo.

Short and long myosin light chain kinases (MLCKs) are Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzymes that phosphorylate the regulatory light chain of myosin II in thick filaments but bind with high affinity to actin thin filaments. Three repeats of a motif made up of the sequence DFRXXL at the N terminus of short MLCK are necessary for actin binding (Smith, L., Su, X., Lin, P., Zhi, G., and Stull, J. T. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 29433–29438). The long MLCK has two additional DFRXXL motifs and six Ig-like modules in an N-terminal extension, which may confer unique binding properties for cellular localization. Two peptides containing either five or three DFRXXL motifs bound to F-actin and smooth muscle myofilaments with maximal binding stoichiometries consistent with each motif binding to an actin monomer in the filaments. Both peptides cross-linked F-actin and bound to stress fibers in cells. Long MLCK with an internal deletion of the five DFRXXL motifs and the unique NH2-terminal fragment containing six Ig-like motifs showed weak binding. Cell fractionation and extractions with MgCl2 indicate that the long MLCK has a greater affinity for actin-containing filaments than short MLCK in vitro andin vivo. Whereas DFRXXL motifs are necessary and sufficient for short MLCK binding to actin-containing filaments, the DFRXXL motifs and the N-terminal extension of long MLCK confer high affinity binding to stress fibers in cells.
Microwave diplexer using magnetostatic surface and backward volume waves

An experimental diplexer based on magnetostatic wave propagation in a tangentially magnetised thin film of YIG is reported. The diplexer function is obtained by using the fact that magnetostatic surface and backward volume waves propagate in contiguous but nominally nonoverlapping frequency bands.
Developing Personal Power - A Requisite for effective leadership in organisations.

The word power, like the word money, or the word sex, evokes different respondes from different people. Most likely, however, the word power is perceived as something sinister: ""bad"", ""not good"", ""negative"" - something with which one should not become involved, something to be avoided. When we hear from a significant American politician that power is the ultimate aphrodisiac - greater than sex - it is not wonder the concept is perceived with such awe, and fear. Yet power is very desirable and must be attained to some significant degree if we are to be successful in life. Power is essential for an individual to acquire if he or she is to be successful in leading an organization.
Memory Power Modeling - A Novel Approach

Low power consumption is a key requirement in mobile and other embedded applications. Accurate power estimation during design phase is a key enabler for designing a power optimized SoC. Abstracting accurate power models for complex IPs such as embedded memories is a challenging task. At the same time, the complex modules have a large share in total power consumption of an IC. In this paper we analyze various challenges in accurately modeling power of embedded memories and propose a novel approach to model power within the framework of existing power analysis methodology.
Gender and Vascular Complications in the JAK2 V617F-Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

We previously found that gender influenced the JAK2 V617F allele burden, but it is unknown whether this gender difference in molecular epidemiology influences complications in the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Historically, vascular complications represented the most common cause of mortality in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocytosis and contributed to morbidity in primary myelofibrosis. To determine the influence of gender on vascular complications, we retrospectively analyzed associations between gender and vascular complications. Despite their younger age, less prevalent dyslipidemia or smoking history, lower white blood counts, and lower JAK2 V617F allele burden, women had higher rates of abdominal venous thrombosis and comparable rates of all vascular complications. Vascular risk is currently not easily stratified by MPN-disease burden or traditional risk factors. Our analysis contributes to growing literature emphasizing gender differences in the MPN and further supports the important impact of individual and host variation on MPN clinical manifestations, and especially vascular risk.
Multimedia Learning: Principles of Multimedia Design

This chapter summarizes seven principles of multimedia design: multimedia, spatial contiguity, temporal contiguity, coherence, modality, redundancy, and individual differences. It addresses five questions about multimedia design: Does multimedia work? When does multimedia work? For whom does multimedia work? How does multimedia work? What makes an effective multimedia presentation? Finally, the chapter closes with comments concerning the contributions and challenges of multimedia research . SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF MULTIMEDIA DESIGN My goal in writing this book was twofold: to improve our understanding of how people learn from words and pictures (that is, to contribute to a theory of multimedia learning) and to improve the design of multimedia presentations (that is, to contribute to the practice of multimedia instruction). On the theoretical side, I began with a cognitive theory of multimedia learning – as described in chapter 3 – that made specific predictions concerning seven kinds design effects. I tested the predicted design effects in a large series of experimental studies, involving measures of both transfer and retention. Overall, the results are highly consistent with the predictions of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, lending support to our conception of how people integrate visual and verbal presentations (Mayer, 1997, 1999a, 1999b). On the practical side, the results offer a set of seven basic principles for the design of multimedia presentations. Figure 11.1 defines each of the seven principles of multimedia design that I have presented in this book.
Movement imitation with nonlinear dynamical systems in humanoid robots

Presents an approach to movement planning, on-line trajectory modification, and imitation learning by representing movement plans based on a set of nonlinear differential equations with well-defined attractor dynamics. The resultant movement plan remains an autonomous set of nonlinear differential equations that forms a control policy (CP) which is robust to strong external perturbations and that can be modified on-line by additional perceptual variables. We evaluate the system with a humanoid robot simulation and an actual humanoid robot. Experiments are presented for the imitation of three types of movements: reaching movements with one arm, drawing movements of 2-D patterns, and tennis swings. Our results demonstrate (a) that multi-joint human movements can be encoded successfully by the CPs, (b) that a learned movement policy can readily be reused to produce robust trajectories towards different targets, (c) that a policy fitted for one particular target provides a good predictor of human reaching movements towards neighboring targets, and (d) that the parameter space which encodes a policy is suitable for measuring to which extent two trajectories are qualitatively similar.
The stress program: a computer program for the analysis of stresses in long bones.

Abstract A computer program was developed to compute torsional and bending stresses in long bones. The input format for the program is designed to be as convenient to the user as possible, allowing him to transmit to the program only as many points as he feels are required to describe the cross-sectional geometry. The program permits the user to specify by which method torsional stresses are to be computed, what type of stresses are to be computed, and to what accuracy the results are desired. Computation times are of the order of 5 sec or less (on an IBM 360), making use of the program more economical than manual computations.
Effect of protein on utilization of vitamin A in the chick.

Summary1. At a constant level of dietary vit. A, as the dietary protein was increased, vit. A content of the liver and blood serum of the chick decreased. Also in chicks receiving purified diets containing marginal amounts of vit. A and high protein levels. symptoms of vit. A deficiency occurred sooner and mortality was increased as compared to chicks fed diets containing moderate or low amounts of protein. 2. The decreased vit. A liver storage, resulting when the dietary protein was increased, could not be correlated with changes in liver lipids, nor vit. C blood levels. 3. The ataxia, mortality and other symptoms in young vit. A-deficient chicks was neither preceded nor necessarily accompanied by an increased blood uric acid level. A high protein diet produces high blood uric acid levels regardless of amount of vit. A in the diet. 4. Regardless of dietary vit. A level, the tibia bone ash of the chicks fed the high protein diets decreased as compared to that of chicks receiving a moderate level of protei...
Some surprising facts about (the problem of) surprising facts (from the Dusseldorf Conference, February 2011).

Abstract A common intuition about evidence is that if data x have been used to construct a hypothesis H, then x should not be used again in support of H. It is no surprise that x fits H, if H was deliberately constructed to accord with x. The question of when and why we should avoid such “double-counting” continues to be debated in philosophy and statistics. It arises as a prohibition against data mining, hunting for significance, tuning on the signal, and ad hoc hypotheses, and as a preference for predesignated hypotheses and “surprising” predictions. I have argued that it is the severity or probativeness of the test—or lack of it—that should determine whether a double-use of data is admissible. I examine a number of surprising ambiguities and unexpected facts that continue to bedevil this debate.
Novel therapies for the treatment of prostate cancer: current clinical trials and development strategies

The number of treatment options for patients with prostate cancer is expanding, as mechanism-based therapies enter clinical testing. Such strategies are based on manipulating tumoral genetics, cell signaling, apoptosis, angiogenesis, the immune system, and others. To properly develop these agents, traditional trial designs and outcome measures require reconsideration. This review describes these novel drugs and their targets using a clinical states model. Investigators use a clinical states model as a framework for matching specific agents with the needs of the treatment population and the biology of the tumor at any given point in the natural history of the disease.
ADJUSTMENT FOR READER RATING BEHAVIOR IN THE TEST OF WRITTEN ENGLISH

This report evaluates the impact of a potential scheme for score adjustment using data from the administrations of the Test of Written English in 1994. It is shown that, assuming non-informative assignment of readers to essays, the adjustment due to reader differences reduces the mean squared error for all essays except those graded by readers with small workloads. The quality of the rating process, as described by the variances due to true scores, severity, and inconsistency, as well as the distribution of workloads, are similar across the administrations. This would make a reliable prediction of the optimal score adjustment in future administrations possible. Two approximations to the optimal adjustment are proposed.
Sub-micron scale mechanical characterization of polyglactin sutures subjected to hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation

Nano-indentation studies using atomic force microscopy (AFM) were introduced to investigate the effects of hydrolysis degradation on mechanical properties of polyglactin 910 monofilament sutures. The polyglactin 910 sutures were immersed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution of pH 5, 7.4, 10 without enzyme and pH 7.4 with esterase enzyme. After that, the samples were incubated at 37 °C under an oscillation of 80 rpm. Samples were removed for testing after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The effects of degradation on gradation of Young's modulus values across fiber cross-section were studied by doing progressive nano-indentation from center to surface of cross section of the sutures. Results indicate that the pH 7.4 condition hydrolysis degradation did not have a significant impact on variation of Young's modulus values of the polyglactin 910 sutures from the center to the surface after different degradation times. And the Young's modulus from the original samples to sutures after 4 weeks degradation have a decreasing trend, but not including the first week. Then the SEM, FTIR and Tensile test were conducted to investigate the mechanical and chemical properties of polyglactin 910 monofilament sutures.
An animal model of the interpersonal communication of interoceptive (private) states

Pigeons were taught to interact communicatively (i.e., exchange discriminative stimuli) based on 1 pigeon's internal state, which varied as a function of cocaine, pentobarbital, and saline administration. These performances generalized to untrained pharmacological agents (d-amphetamine and chlordiazepoxide) and were observed in the absence of aversive stimulation, deprivation, and unconditioned reinforcement. The training procedure used in this study appears similar to that by which humans learn to report on (tact) their internal environments and may be construed as a rudimentary animal model of the interpersonal communication of private events.
An adaptive filter bank implementation of adaptive IIR filters

A subband adaptive IIR filter with a center-frequency adaptive filter bank is presented to implement multirate system identification. A recursive maximized mean-square algorithm is used in the filter bank for them to adapt and catch the peaks of the unknown system. In each subband an adaptive IIR filter adapts to realize the subband system identification. These two adaptation processes are run independently and simultaneously. The scheme works well when the unknown system has well separated spectral peaks. Under this condition the problems of spectral gaps and aliasing in other kinds of filter bank implementation are overcome. >
Mixtures of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate reverse fibronectin fragment mediated damage to cartilage more effectively than either agent alone

Summary Objective To test the effectiveness of glucosamine (GluNH 2 )-HCl, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and mixtures in protecting cartilage exposed to fibronectin fragments (Fn-fs), an exposure known to enhance catabolic cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Methods Pharmacologic formulations of GluNH 2 (FCHG49 ® ) and CS (TRH122 ® ) (Nutramax Laboratories, Inc.) were added at 1, 10 or 100μg/ml singly or in mixtures to bovine cartilage cultures in serum or serum-free conditions with or without Fn-f. Proteoglycan (PG) release into media and remaining cartilage PG content were measured by dye binding analysis and effects on PG synthesis by assays of 35-sulfate incorporation. Effects on MMP-3 and -13 expression were measured by Western blotting of conditioned media. Results In serum-free conditions, the agents singly or as mixtures did not block Fn-f mediated matrix degradation. In serum, single agents were weakly effective at 100μg/ml, while the mixture of each agent at 0.1μg/ml decreased PG loss by about 50% by day 7 and at 1μg/ml restored nearly 50% of the PG after 7 days in Fn-f pretreated cartilage. However, both agents singly and as mixtures at 0.1–100μg/ml decreased MMP release. In serum, the single agents at 1–10μg/ml weakly reversed Fn-f mediated PG synthesis suppression, while the mixtures were 100% effective at 1μg/ml. Conclusions GluNH 2 and CS act synergistically in reversing damage and promoting repair at concentrations found in plasma after oral ingestion of these agents. Reversal of PG synthesis suppression correlates more with these activities than suppression of MMP-3 or -13 expression.
Enhanced multi-bit delta-sigma modulator with two-step pipeline quantizer

A new delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented in this paper. A two-step pipeline ADC is used as the quantizer of this delta-sigma modulator to reduce the quantization noise at the output of the modulator. The proposed structure relaxes the output swing and gain requirements of the integrators. In addition, the front-end DAC of the proposed modulator is simplified. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.
Intrauterine ethanol-induced termination of pregnancy in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

The effectiveness of locally applied ethanol in terminating early pregnancy in cynomoigus monkeys was studied. In a randomized trial ethanol (70 per cent, 1 ml.) or saline (0.9 per cent, 1 ml.) was injected extra-amniotically through a sterile blunt-end needle inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity. Six of seven monkeys receiving ethanol showed vaginal bleeding beginning one or two days after treatment. With the one failure, alcohol leakage occurred from the Luer-lock needle joint at the time of injection and the amount entering the uterus was unknown. No animal receiving saline showed any vaginal bleeding. The six monkeys showing vaginal bleeding were found to have nonenlarged or subnormally enlarged uteri one month after treatment. All monkeys subsequently resumed menstrual cycles within one year. Three monkeys became pregnant and were delivered at term of healthy offspring. Histologic evaluation of uteri from ethanol-treated monkeys revealed necrosis of decidua and, to a lesser degree, of the placenta one day after injection. The high efficacy of 70 per cent ethanol in inducing endometrial sloughing and the documentation of normal subsequent pregnancies in 50 per cent of treated monkeys make this technique worthy of consideration as a menstrual induction agent in women.
Regulatory action criteria for filth and other extraneous materials. III. Review of flies and foodborne enteric disease.

Abstract Forty-seven species of flies have been reliably associated with filthy conditions that might allow the spread of foodborne pathogens. These are categorized as “filth flies.” Of that 47, only 21 species represent a potential threat to human health as scientifically proven causative agents of foodborne myiasis or as carriers of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and other foodborne pathogens. These 21 species are categorized as “disease-causing flies” based on strict scientific criteria. The criteria are association with E. coli, Salmonella, AND Shigella; synanthropy; endophily; communicative behavior; attraction to both excrement and food products; and recognition by authorities as a potential health hazard. Within Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and other U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulatory frameworks, disease-causing flies are contributing factors to the spread of foodborne disease that require preventive and corrective actions as appropriate under Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures, Good Manufacturing Practices, or pest control programs.
Cooperative UTDOA Positioning in LTE Cellular Systems

This paper studies cooperative user positioning using uplink time-difference-of-arrival (UTDOA) measurements for 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks. Many applications in a cellular network, such as location-based services and E-911, rely on accurate locations of users in the network. Although the Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in cellphones, their poor localization performance in indoor and dense environments leads to the emergence of network-based localization techniques as a backup solution. In such techniques, the locations of users are determined via measurements obtained within the network without the aid of any external sources (e.g., GPS). UTDOA is a network-based localization technique introduced in Release 10 of the 3GPP LTE specification. In the UTDOA technique, the time difference of LTE uplink signals sent from the User Equipment (UE) to a set of several eNodeBs (base stations in LTE) are used as the means to estimate the UE's position. The location of the UE is then estimated through a trilateration algorithm. Currently, network-based localization techniques only rely on communications with eNodeBs. In this paper, a cooperative localization technique using UTDOA measurements is developed for LTE systems in which inter-UE communications are used to significantly improve the localizability and accuracy in the network. The performance of the proposed cooperative technique is evaluated through a series of computer simulations where the 3GPP simulation parameters are assumed.
Multirate estimation

A scheme of low rate estimation from high rate measurements using a filter bank is derived in this paper. The dimensions of the low rate measurement models are the same as the high rate measurement model and, due to the lowpass filtering effect of the filter bank, better approximated estimates are obtained. >
Delayed Implantation in Gonadotropin-Treated Immature Rats.∗

SummaryA single injection of 20 IU PMS on Day 30 and 1.2 IU HCG intravenously on Day 32 caused superovulation in the rats and, if mated on the evening of Day 32, an average of 22.8 implantation sites on Days 10 to 13 of pregnancy. Thirteen to 26 blastocysts were recovered from the uteri of the rats ovariectomized on Day 3 of pregnancy and given 2 mg of progesterone daily starting on Day 3. Implantation of these blastocysts was induced by a single injection of 1 μg estrone. An average of 17.3 sites was obtained when 20 IU PMS plus 1.2 IU HCG was used, and 7.7 sites when 10 IU PMS was given. The method for inducing superovulation provides the means for obtaining large numbers of blastocysts on Day 4 or 5 post-insemination, and large numbers of delayed blastocysts by a combination of treatments which cause superovulation and delayed implantation.
Closely Coupled Flow Field-Radiation Interactions For Flowfields Created During Hypersonic Reentry

A one-dimensional tangent slab radiative transport solver is developed to model radiation in nonequilibrium hypersonic flows. The solver is line-by-line accurate and, by making use of attached spectral databases, efficient, allowing for direct coupling to hypersonic CFD codes. Verification is performed by comparison with NEQAIR, an established radiation solver. The solver is then integrated into DPLR, and closely coupled simulations are performed for the flowfield of the Stardust Sample Return capsule.
Variations in the preservation of bank blood due to processing.

Studies of the preservation of bank blood measured by methylene blue uptake have indicated that routine processing is associated with more rapid deterioration during storage than occurs with comparable samples under more rigidly controlled laboratory conditions. Results suggest that this occurs to a greater extent in blood samples collected and stored during the summer than throughout the remainder of the year. Approximately 45% of the blood samples collected from mid-June through early September were found to have undergone excessive deterioration by the twenty-first to the twenty-third day after collection. Only 13% of control samples collected and stored in the laboratory were similarly un-satisfactory. Thus, it is likely that a significant number of bank blood samples had already undergone excessive deterioration before the end of the dating period. Studies of the effects of temperature variations on dye uptake provided data in accord with the possibility that this excessive deterioration reflects undue exposure to elevated temperatures during handling.
Inhibition of phosphatase activity follows decline in sulfatase activity and leads to transcriptional effects through sustained phosphorylation of transcription factor MITF

Arylsulfatase B (B-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase; ARSB) is the enzyme that removes 4-sulfate groups from the non-reducing end of the glycosaminoglycans chondroitin 4-sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Decline in ARSB has been shown in malignant prostate, colonic, and mammary cells and tissues, and decline in ARSB leads to transcriptional events mediated by galectin-3 with AP-1 and Sp1. Increased mRNA expression of GPNMB (transmembrane glycoprotein NMB) in HepG2 cells and in hepatic tissue from ARSB-deficient mice followed decline in expression of ARSB and was mediated by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), but was unaffected by silencing galectin-3. Since GPNMB is increased in multiple malignancies, studies were performed to determine how decline in ARSB increased GPNMB expression. The mechanism by which decline in ARSB increased nuclear phospho-MITF was due to reduced activity of SHP2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase with Src homology (SH2) domains that regulates multiple cellular processes. SHP2 activity declined due to increased binding with chondroitin 4-sulfate when ARSB was reduced. When SHP2 activity was inhibited, phosphorylations of p38 mitogen-associated phosphokinase (MAPK) and of MITF increased, leading to GPNMB promoter activation. A dominant negative SHP2 construct, the SHP2 inhibitor PHSP1, and silencing of ARSB increased phospho-p38, nuclear MITF, and GPNMB. In contrast, constitutively active SHP2 and overexpression of ARSB inhibited GPNMB expression. The interaction between chondroitin 4-sulfate and SHP2 is a novel intersection between sulfation and phosphorylation, by which decline in ARSB and increased chondroitin 4-sulfation can inhibit SHP2, thereby regulating downstream tyrosine phosphorylations by sustained phosphorylations with associated activation of signaling and transcriptional events.
Corporate Culture: Evidence from the Field

We use interviews and a novel survey tool to study corporate culture at more than 1,300 North American firms. More than 90% of executives believe that culture is important or very important and 92% believe improving culture would increase firm value. Only 16% believe their firm's culture is exactly where it should be. Executives link culture to ethical choices (including compliance and short-termism), innovation (creativity, taking on appropriate business risk), and value creation (productivity, acquisition premia) at their firms. We study these issues within a framework that implies that the effectiveness of corporate culture is determined not just by stated cultural values but also by whether employees act according to social norms that are consistent with the values, and whether formal institutions such as governance reinforce the values. Key cultural values include integrity, collaboration, and adaptability.See our related paper: Corporate Culture: The Interview Evidence.
Further Concepts in Analytical Mechanics

The basic principles in the preceding chapters provide a sufficient foundation to treat the majority of modeling tasks that arise in engineering practice. Our goal in this chapter is to expand these capabilities. The first priority is to be able to apply Lagrange's equations in situations where constrained generalized coordinates have been selected. We will find that such a description might be desirable, even if the system is holonomic, especially if friction is present in the system. We will also develop alternative, and sometimes simpler, forms of the equations of motion. Those developments are partially intended to assist the phase of a dynamics study in which the equations of motion are solved. However, they also will enhance our understanding of the basic concepts of analytical mechanics, and their relationship to the principles of Newtonian mechanics. Constrained Generalized Coordinates Whenever we formulate equations of motion using more generalized coordinates than the number of degrees of freedom, we must deal with constrained generalized coordinates. This is unavoidable in the case of a nonholonomic system. The key feature of such formulations is the need to account for constraint forces in the equations of motion. Also, because the number M of generalized coordinates exceeds the number N of degrees of freedom, there are M – N constraint conditions that must be explicitly satisfied. Such conditions may be written as velocity constraints having the form of Eq. (6.3), even if a constraint is holonomic.
How people think about distributing aid

AbstractThis paper examines how people think about aiding others in a way that can inform both theory and practice. It uses data gathered from Kiva, an online, non-profit organization that allows individuals to aid other individuals around the world, to isolate intuitions that people find broadly compelling. The central result of the paper is that people seem to give more priority to aiding those in greater need, at least below some threshold. That is, the data strongly suggest incorporating both a threshold and a prioritarian principle into the analysis of what principles for aid distribution people accept. This conclusion should be of broad interest to aid practitioners and policy makers. It may also provide important information for political philosophers interested in building, justifying, and criticizing theories about meeting needs using empirical evidence.