cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ONCOLOGISTS’ ASSESSMENTS OF LUNG CANCER PATIENT AND FAMILY DISAGREEMENTS REGARDING TREATMENT DECISION MAKING

Abstract Background Disagreements between cancer patients and their caregivers about treatment and care can affect the patient's physical and mental well-being. Therefore it is important to understand if oncologists can accurately identify the presence of patient–caregiver decisional conflict. This study examined assessments made by lung cancer patients, their caregivers, and their oncologists regarding patient–caregiver disagreements concerning treatment and care decisions. Participants and methods We assessed the extent to which the patient, caregiver, and oncologist reported disagreement between the patient and the family member regarding treatment decisions in 134 patient–caregiver–oncologist triads. Descriptive statistics were used to explore rates of concordance amongst all possible combinations of raters. Loglinear models were tested for 3-way agreement. Results Most patient–caregiver pairs, 82.1% ( n =110), reported agreement concerning presence or absence of decisional conflict. Oncologists were more successful in detecting absence of conflict than the presence of conflict. When the caregiver and the oncologist agreed, it was regarding the absence of conflict (64.9%), rather than the presence of conflict. In 10.6% ( n =15) of cases, oncologists reported that conflictual relationships negatively impacted their ability to provide patient care. Conclusions Recent models of cancer patient care promote including the caregiver fully in the process while respecting the primacy of the patient's perspective. However, these models assume that the oncologist will recognize when disagreements exist and be able to assist in conflict resolution. The degree to which the oncologist identified that conflict exists and implications for their ability to provide patient care when familial disagreements existed are discussed.
Dynamically reconfigurable vector-slice processor

The paper is an exposition of some of the design principles involved in the development of a dynamically reconfigurable vector-slice processor. Implementable in terms of commercially available VLSI components, the reconfigurable processor is designed to meet the requirements of the numerical user who can avail himself of a tradeoff between parallel activity and numerical accuracy. To this end, the processing heart of the system can be dynamically altered by the user to enter one of a number of predefined configuration states, each one of which represents an altered level of parallelism balanced against the width of each parallel subprocessor in the configuration. The paper describes, in some detail, the structure of the processor in terms of both its control and data paths.
Evidence of Brucella abortus OPS dictating uptake and restricting NF-κB activation in murine macrophages

Smooth Brucella abortus S2308 is virulent while rough derivatives are attenuated. Intracellular killing is often blamed for these differences. In the studies described, uptake kinetics and interaction of S2308 and S2308 manBA::Tn5 (CA180) rough mutants with macrophages were investigated. The results revealed that smooth B. abortus was rapidly internalized, achieving a maximum level in less than 5 min without additional uptake over the next 30 min. In contrast, continued uptake of the rough mutant was observed and only achieves a maximum level after 30 min. The results were confirmed by the differences in F-actin polymerization, lipid raft staining, early endosome colocalization and electron microscopic observations after smooth and rough Brucella infection. We also demonstrated for the first time that uptake of S2308, but not rough mutant CA180 was PI3-kinase and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent. Differences in uptake were associated with differences in macrophage activation with regard to NF-kappaB translocation and cytokine production. These results provide evidence that the presence of B. abortus OPS dictates the interactions between Brucella and specific cell surface receptors minimizing macrophage activation and enhancing Brucella survival and/or persistence.
Does Attainment of Full Oral Feeding Predict Brain MRI Abnormalities Related to Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Infants Treated with Hypothermia?

We hypothesize that clinical recovery following cooling predicts brain MRI abnormalities, and that clinical status 1 week after cooling indicates which infants need MRI.
Analysis of T cell receptor beta chains that combine with dominant conserved TRAV5D-4*04 anti-insulin B:9-23 alpha chains.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to define the spectrum of TCR beta chains permissive for T cells with alpha chains containing the conserved TRAV5D-4*04 sequence to target the insulin B:9-23 peptide, a major epitope for initiation of diabetes in the NOD mouse. Materials and methods We produced T cell hybridomas from mice with single T cell receptors (BDC12-4.1 TCR α+β+ double transgenic mice and BDC12-4.4 TCR α+β+ double retrogenic mice) or from mice with only the corresponding alpha chains transgene or retrogene and multiple endogenous TCR beta chains. Results Hybridomas with the complete BDC12-4.1 and BDC12-4.4 T cell receptors, despite having markedly different TCR beta chains, responded to similar B:9-23 peptides. Approximately 1% of the hybridomas from mice with the fixed TRAV5D-4*04 alpha chains and multiple endogenous beta chains responded to B:9-23 peptides while the majority of hybridomas with different beta chains did not respond. There was no apparent conservation of TCR beta chain sequences in the responding hybridomas. Conclusions Approximately 1% of hybridomas utilizing different TCR β chains paired with the conserved TRAV5D-4*04 containing alpha chains respond to insulin peptide B:9-23. Therefore, TCR beta chain sequences make an important contribution to insulin B:9-23 peptide recognition but multiple beta chain sequences are permissive for recognition.
Comparison of Various Bovine Sperm Capacitation Systems for Their Ability to Alter the Net Negative Surface Charge of Spermatozoa

Semen was divided into five aliquots and capacitated for 4 or 6 h in calcium-free Tyrode's (37 degrees C), modified Tyrode's bovine follicular fluid (39 degrees C), modified Tyrode's heparin (39 degrees C), and TEST-yolk buffer (4 degrees C) or incubated in BSA-saline (39 degrees C). Sperm before and after capacitation were electrophoresed at 100 V of constant current for 3 and 6 min. Samples were collected, sperm were counted, and percentages of sperm migrating toward the anode at 0 h and 4 or 6 h were calculated. At 0 h, 61 to 80% of the sperm migrated with a net negative charge. After 4 or 6 h, the percentage of sperm migrating toward the anode significantly decreased in all capacitation media but not in the control. The percentage of sperm migrating toward anode was lowest in calcium-free Tyrode's (22.1%) followed by TEST (28.4%), Tyrode's follicular fluid (29.5%), and Tyrode's heparin (42.5%); these values were less than those for the control (56.0%). The movement of live sperm without the influence of current or freeze-killed sperm under the influence of electrical current (control trials) was negligible. Capacitation reduced the net negative surface charge of sperm, the magnitude of which depended on capacitation system. Net negative charge of sperm was inversely associated with efficiency in penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes.
Pharmacosexology update: yohimbine and sexual function.

(1985). Pharmacosexology Update: Yohimbine and Sexual Function. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 131-132.
Towards identity anonymization on graphs

The proliferation of network data in various application domains has raised privacy concerns for the individuals involved. Recent studies show that simply removing the identities of the nodes before publishing the graph/social network data does not guarantee privacy. The structure of the graph itself, and in its basic form the degree of the nodes, can be revealing the identities of individuals. To address this issue, we study a specific graph-anonymization problem. We call a graph k-degree anonymous if for every node v, there exist at least k-1 other nodes in the graph with the same degree as v. This definition of anonymity prevents the re-identification of individuals by adversaries with a priori knowledge of the degree of certain nodes. We formally define the graph-anonymization problem that, given a graph G, asks for the k-degree anonymous graph that stems from G with the minimum number of graph-modification operations. We devise simple and efficient algorithms for solving this problem. Our algorithms are based on principles related to the realizability of degree sequences. We apply our methods to a large spectrum of synthetic and real datasets and demonstrate their efficiency and practical utility.
Modification of a Crop-Specific Drought Index for Simulating Corn Yield in Wet Years

Drought occurs when there is a deficit in soil water supply to the plant. Severe drought limits crop yield by causing the plant's water use to be limited compared with a well-watered crop. Too much water (flooded soils) also causes stress to the plant whose roots are in saturated soil for long periods. Both situations lead to crop water stress, ultimately resulting in reduced crop yield. Since flood and drought can occur intermittently in cropping, an effective yield predictor should contain both flood and drought stress components for better representation of the range of natural conditions the plant might encounter during its growth period. This paper details the modification of the Crop-Specific Drought Index (CSDI) model by introducing a soil saturation factor, resulting in a Crop-Specific Stress Index (CSSI) model. The study was conducted in eastern Nebraska and southeastern Minnesota. The coefficients used in the CSSI model were estimated by a jackknifing procedure based on 1971–2002 climate data, nonirrigated yield data of corn (Zea mays L.), and soil information retrieved from the STATSGO database in the crop districts. Results show that all indicators of agreement between the estimated and actual yields show improvement of the new CSSI model over the old CSDI model in all districts. Results also show that the CSSI model outperforms the CSDI model in years characterized by soil saturation. For instance, the CSDI for 1993 overestimates the relative yield in northeastern Nebraska by about 28% while the CSSI underestimates the 1993 yield by 3%.
Experiences with defect prevention

Defect Prevention is the process of improving quality and productivity by preventing the injection of defects into a product. It consists of four elements integrated into the development process: (1) causal analysis meetings to identify the root cause of defects and suggest preventive actions; (2) an action team to implement the preventive actions; (3) kickoff meetings to increase awareness of quality issues specific to each development stage; and (4) data collection and tracking of associated data. The Defect Prevention Process has been successfully implemented in a variety of organizations within IBM, some for more than six years. This paper discusses the steps needed to implement this process and the results that may be obtained. Data on quality, process costs, benefits, and practical experiences are also presented. Insights into the nature of programming errors and the application of this process to a variety of working environments are discussed.
Normal and Abnormal Heme Biosynthesis. 2.1 Synthesis and Metabolism of Type-III Pentacarboxylic Porphyrinogens: Further Experimental Evidence for the Enzymic Clockwise Decarboxylation of Uroporphyrinogen-III

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase catalyses the sequential decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen-III (1) to give coproporphyrinogen-III (2), a precursor to the hemes and chlorophylls. This involves the decarboxylation of four nonequivalent acetate side chains to produce methyl units and in principle could take place by 24 different pathways involving up to 14 intermediary porphyrinogens. In the past, seemingly contradictory data have been presented that either support an ordered “clockwise” decarboxylation pathway or a random decarboxylation process. Four pentacarboxylate porphyrinogens might be involved immediately before the formation of 2, and these compounds have been synthesized as the corresponding porphyrin pentamethyl esters via tripyrrene and a,c-biladiene intermediates. Hydrolysis of the methyl esters and reduction with 3% sodium amalgam gave the required porphyrinogens, and these were incubated with crude enzyme preparations derived from chicken red cell hemolysates. One of these pentacarboxylate po...
MO studies of some nonbenzenoid aromatic systems

A new version of (MINDO/3) of the MINDO semiempirical SCF MO method has been developed which seems to avoid the serious defects of earlier treatments. Very extensive tests show that it gives results at least comparable with those of the best ab initio SCF procedures at one-hundred-thousandth of the cost. Calculations are reported for the benzynes, for various cyclic polymethines, including (CH) + 3 , (CH) 3 , (CH) − 3 , (CH) 4 , (CH) + 5 , (CH) + 9 , and (CH) 18 , for azulene and pentalene, for the cycloheptatriene-norcaradiene equilibrium, for spironoatetraene, for silabenzene, for a variety of polyazines and polyazoles, and for various aromatic and potentially aromatic sulphur-containing compounds.
Organic tunneling devices and field effect transistors using polycrystalline naphthalene diimine frameworks

Abstract We report the fabrication of the n-type thin film organic field effect transistors and low-voltage Fowler–Nordheim organic tunneling devices, which have a gate depended threshold. The devices are composed of a mixed polymeric–crystalline film featuring 1,5-diaminonaphthalene with 3-chloro-1-propanethiol linkers. Polycrystalline naphthalene diimine frameworks produce tunneling diodes or field effect transistors depending on the fabrication process. The suggested approach fills the gap for molecular device fabrication methods where the different device manufacture steps are based on the same technology.
Piperlongumine Chemosensitizes Tumor Cells through Interaction with Cysteine 179 of IκBα Kinase, Leading to Suppression of NF-κB–Regulated Gene Products

Recently, two different reports appeared in prominent journals suggesting a mechanism by which piperlongumine, a pyridine alkaloid, mediates anticancer effects. In the current report, we describe another novel mechanism by which this alkaloid mediates its anticancer effects. We found that piperlongumine blocked NF-κB activated by TNFα and various other cancer promoters. This downregulation was accompanied by inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Further investigation revealed that this pyridine alkaloid directly interacts with IκBα kinase (IKK) and inhibits its activity. Inhibition of IKK occurred through interaction with its cysteine 179 as the mutation of this residue to alanine abolished the activity of piperlongumine. Inhibition in NF-κB activity downregulated the expression of proteins involved in cell survival (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, c-IAP-1, c-IAP-2, survivin), proliferation (c-Myc, cyclin D1), inflammation (COX-2, IL6), and invasion (ICAM-1, -9, CXCR-4, VEGF). Overall, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which piperlongumine can exhibit antitumor activity through downmodulation of proinflammatory pathway.
Empirical asymmetries in foreign direct investment and taxation

Abstract This paper assesses the sensitivity of the operations of multinational corporations (MNCs) to host country taxation. The empirical analysis is based on two different measures of MNC activity by U.S. majority-owned foreign affiliates: panel data for aggregate real gross product in manufacturing that originates in a given host country and micro data for a single year regarding the likelihood of a firm locating in a given host country. The empirical estimates indicate that investment geared toward export markets, rather than the domestic market, is particularly sensitive to host country taxation, that this sensitivity appears to be greater in developing countries than developed countries, and that it is becoming greater over time.
Interactive color map displays of domestic information

Governmental decision makers require an increasing variety and volume of information in order to formulate effective policies, plans, and legislation. Moreover, rapid access to this broad body of information is critical to timely and effective governmental action. This paper describes a recent joint project undertaken by the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and the Bureau of the Census at the request of the Executive of the President to demonstrate the potential of graphic information display technology for the rapid delivery and effective display of Federal statistics. This project resulted in the development of a prototype Domestic Information Display System which was demonstrated to President Carter, members of Congress, and their respective staffs in June 1978.The Domestic Information Display System is an interactive, menu-driven software system which produces single and bivariate choropleth maps of socio-economic data by county at the national and state level, and by census tract for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's). Selected subareas of national and SMSA maps may be dynamically enlarged to show greater detail. Histogram displays may be selected to show statistical as well as geographic structure.The system is minicomputer-based and utilizes the image manipulation capabilities of a raster-scan color graphics terminal designed at NASA/Goddard as part of the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System (AOIPS) which was adapted to demonstrate the potential of a Domestic Information Display System. The system is highly interactive and can produce a color map display within seconds of the selection of a data item from a menu.This paper discusses the operation of the Domestic Information Display System, presents sample output products, and describes in detail the software and hardware organization through which the system flexibility and rapid response were achieved.
Managing excessive saliva with salivary gland irradiation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abstract Objective A significant fraction of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are unable to swallow saliva, which may result in the spillage of saliva outside of the oral cavity. Although anticholinergic agents and botulin toxin injections are considered the first line of treatment, they have not been effective for all patients. We performed a literature search on therapeutic salivary gland irradiation in patients with ALS. Methods We searched the PubMed for English language publications up to December 2014 on therapeutic salivary gland irradiation in patients with ALS. The search was performed using the following key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, excessive salivation, sialorrhea, and radiation therapy. Results The majority of ALS patients with excessive salivation respond well to salivary gland irradiation. The whole bilateral submandibular, and whole or partial bilateral parotid glands have been the target tissue for radiation therapy in most of the published studies. Various radiation therapy regimens have been utilized. The response to radiation therapy lasts for several months. Conclusions The majority of ALS patients with excessive salivation respond well to salivary gland irradiation. Neurologists should consider this treatment option for select patients with ALS and excessive salivation.
Age-related macular degeneration is associated with an increased risk of hip fractures in the Medicare database

Purpose To explore the relationship between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and incident hip fractures in the Medicare population. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods With a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries in 1995, 8596 cases were coded with exudative AMD; 26,942 cases were coded with atrophic AMD, and 1,013,748 cases were coded without AMD. The Medicare claims from 1996 to 1999 were evaluated for hip fracture codes. The relationship between AMD and incident hip fractures was analyzed with multiple logistic regression models, with adjustment for baseline, ocular, and systemic covariates. Results In adjusted analyses, the risk of hip fractures was similar in cases that were coded with exudative AMD (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95, 1.12) compared with cases with no AMD but was significantly higher in cases that were coded with atrophic AMD (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.16). Conclusion Medicare patients with a code for atrophic AMD had an 11% greater risk of hip fractures than did patients without a code for AMD over a four-year follow-up period.
Roles of Dim2 in ribosome assembly.

In eukaryotes, ribosome assembly requires hundreds of conserved essential proteins not present in the mature particle. Despite their importance, the function of most factors remains unknown. This is because protein deletion often affects the composition of the entire particle. Additionally, many proteins are present in assembling ribosomes for extended times, which makes it difficult to pinpoint their role to a particular step. Here we have combined classical yeast biochemistry with experiments using recombinant proteins and RNA to study the role of Dim2 and its interaction with Nob1, the nuclease that generates the 3′-end of 18 S rRNA. Analysis of Dim2 mutants in which the interaction with Nob1 is disrupted demonstrates that this interaction between Dim2 and Nob1 is essential for optimal growth, and RNA binding experiments show that Dim2 increases Nob1 RNA affinity. Furthermore, our data indicate that Dim2 helps regulate Nob1 cleavage activity at the 3′-end of 18 S rRNA, as point mutants where this interaction is abolished in vitro accumulate pre-ribosomes containing Nob1 and 20 S rRNA in vivo. Interestingly, the site of interaction with Nob1 is mapped to the canonical RNA binding surface of a KH-like domain in Dim2, providing another example where an RNA-binding domain can be repurposed for protein interactions.
On the principle of equal sacrifice in income taxation

Abstract In an influential article by Young ( Journal of Economic Theory , 1988, 44, 321–335), it is shown that the traditional equal sacrifice principles in taxation can be justified from a non-utilitarian perspective by proving that equal sacrifice is, in fact, a consequence of more primitive concepts of distributive justice. This result is obtained in a distribution theoretic setting where total revenue to be raised is fixed. The present paper studies the same question in a setting where the basic problem is to determine a tax function without any reference to the total tax revenue (a setting which is familiar from the theory of progressive taxation) and shows that (i) there exists a utility function (which is continuous and strictly increasing) relative to which all agents sacrifice equally if and only if the tax function is incentive preserving; and (ii) any convex (hence progressive) and incentive preserving tax function equalizes sacrifice relative to a utility function which is continuous, strictly increasing and concave.
Cryptic ins(4;11)(q21;q23q23) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization: a variant of t(4;11)(q21;q23) in an infant with a precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia report of a second case

We report the chromosomal findings in a 4-year-old female with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The diagnostic karyotype showed an isochromosome 7q, i(7)(q10), as well as questionable rearrangements on 9p and 11q. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on both interphase and metaphase cells using the MLL "break-apart" and the centromeric chromosome 4 probes were instrumental in the characterization of an MLL gene rearrangement, which was cryptic by conventional cytogenetic analysis. Specifically, the FISH pattern was consistent with an insertion of the 5' region of the MLL gene into chromosome 4 at band q21, most likely a variant t(4;11)(q21;q23). This is the second case of FISH detection of an ins(4;11) in ALL. Our case exemplifies the importance of FISH in the further characterization of precursor B-cell ALL cases without any apparent prognostically significant chromosomal abnormalities.
Effects of food gums on viscosities of starch suspensions during pasting

Abstract Pasting curves of starches in gum (hydrocolloid) solutions at low concentrations (starch 3.6%, gum 0.4%) were produced with a Brookfield viscometer. Gums produced a variety of effects on viscosities of starches during starch pasting (increase or decrease greatly or slightly or no effect). A viscosity increase before the normal starch pasting temperature was detected for normal maize starch in the presence of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), gellan, xanthan, guar gum, and sodium alginate. Waxy maize, waxy rice, tapioca, regular rice, potato, and wheat starches gave mixed responses. It appeared that interactions between certain leached molecules, primarily amyloses, and certain gums were responsible for the viscosity increase occurring before starch pasting. The pasting peak viscosity of potato starch was greatly decreased by negatively charged gums (CMC, carageenans, alginate, xanthan). The repelling forces between the phosphate groups on potato starch and the negative charges on molecules of these gums were hypothesized to be the cause. This hypothesis was supported by results from similar systems (potato starch plus salt solution and phosphorylated normal maize starch plus anionic gums), both of which systems also produced lower peak viscosities. It was found, by microscopic examination of potato starch heated to 95 °C in solutions of ionic gums without shear, that the gums altered the granule pasting process.
Higgs-pair production and measurement of the triscalar coupling at LHC(8,14)

Abstract We simulate the measurement of the triscalar Higgs coupling at LHC ( 8 , 14 ) via pair production of h (125 GeV). We find that the most promising hh final state is b b ¯ γ γ . We account for deviations of the triscalar coupling from its SM value and study the effects of this coupling on the hh cross-section and distributions with cut-based and multivariate methods. Our fit to the hh production matrix element at LHC(14) with 3 ab − 1 yields a 30% uncertainty on this coupling in the SM and a range of 20–60% uncertainties for non-SM values.
Fibrosis detection in renal artery stenosis mouse model using magnetization transfer MRI

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) promotes fibrosis by excessive and irreversible collagen deposition which may lead to end stage renal failure. Currently, invasive tissue biopsy is the main tool to assess fibrosis. Magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) is a MR-based technique that is sensitive to the interaction of macromolecules (e.g. collagen) and free water. The characteristics of these interactions are notoriously organ and tissue dependent. This study tested the hypothesis that using MTI, renal fibrosis in RAS can be detected. MTI was applied in mice (n=7) with unilateral RAS induced by partial occlusion of the renal artery. In off-resonance MTI, to achieve highest sensitivity, offset frequency, RF pulse power and bandwidth were optimized towards enhancing the contrast between the fibrotic and non-fibrotic tissue. Moreover, magnetization exchange rates ( k f and k r ) and the fractional size of the restricted magnetization ( F ), as markers of tissue molecular-morphological change, were estimated using steady-state free precession, on-resonance MTI. The optimal contrast for visual differentiation was achieved at offset frequency, RF pulse power, and effective bandwidth of 6.6kHz, 10μT, and 300Hz, respectively. On-resonance MT demonstrated significantly higher F and k f in the stenotic vs. the contra-lateral kidney. Therefore, off-resonance MT can qualitatively differentiate the fibrotic from the non-fibrotic tissue. Furthermore, k f and F may serve as biomarkers for kidney morphological changes caused by RAS.
The Clinical Efficacy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuroimaging

Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for neuroimaging and to provide guidelines for clinical practice. Study Selection: After a comprehensive literature sear...
Warm blood cardioplegia: Superior protection after acute myocardial ischemia

Three myocardial protection techniques were studied in a canine model of acute myocardial ischemia with subsequent revascularization. Eighteen animals were randomly assigned to one of three treatment regimens: cold oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia (CC), cold blood cardioplegia with modified reperfusate (CB), and continuous aerobic warm blood cardioplegia (WB) (n = 6 per group). Systemic hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (28 degrees C), antegrade arrest, and intermittent retrograde and antegrade delivery were used for the CC and CB groups. Systemic normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, antegrade arrest, and continuous retrograde delivery were used for the WB group. Fifteen minutes of warm global ischemia was followed by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (15-minute duration) and simultaneous initiation of cardioplegic arrest (60-minute duration) to simulate clinical revascularization. After reperfusion, the animals were separated from cardiopulmonary bypass. Myocardial function, electrocardiogram, myocardial energetics, water content, histopathology, and defibrillation requirements were compared between groups. There was no significant difference in maximum elastance, myocardial oxygen consumption, myocardial edema, or histopathologic evidence of injury between groups. However, overall ventricular function, assessed by the slope of the preload recruitable stroke work relationship, was significantly better for the WB group (p = 0.04) (WB, 73 +/- 9; CB, 56 +/- 7; CC, 47 +/- 5). Diastolic function as assessed by the slope of the stress-strain relationship was significantly worse overall for the cold groups (p = 0.001) (WB, 20 +/- 2.2; CB, 39 +/- 1.3; CC, 37 +/- 3.1). Myocardial injury as assessed by ST segment elevation (millimeters) was less for the WB group (p = 0.03) (WB, 0.4 +/- 0.3; CB, 1.7 +/- 0.2; CC, 1.6 +/- 0.7). Countershocks necessary to restore sinus rhythm after cross-clamp removal were fewer in the WB group (p = 0.03) (WB, 0.8 +/- 0.3; CB, 4.0 +/- 1.2; CC, 5.5 +/- 1.5). In this model of acute global myocardial ischemia, continuous aerobic warm blood cardioplegia has important advantages over two widely used clinical hypothermic protection techniques.
MODERN TEACHERS AND POSTMODERN STUDENTS

The typical full‐time community college instructor and the typical traditional‐age community college student hold fundamentally different views of how the world works. The former hold a modern view, and the latter, a postmodern view. If modern faculty can better understand postmodern students, the teaching and learning experience in the classroom may be enhanced.
Effect of cholesteryl hemisuccinate on the interfacial properties of phosphatidylcholine bilayers

Abstract Cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) is an amphipathic lipid that can regulate cell growth. A comparison of the effects of CHEMS and cholesterol on 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayers was investigated using fluorescence techniques. In liquid–crystalline phase POPC bilayers, CHEMS increased the interfacial surface charge, but was less effective than cholesterol in reducing acyl chain mobility and interfacial hydration. In liquid–crystalline phase DPPC bilayers, CHEMS and cholesterol were equally effective in reducing acyl chain mobility. Similar to the POPC matrix, CHEMS increased the interfacial surface charge and cholesterol decreased the surface hydration. The different effect of cholesterol and CHEMS on acyl chain mobility may be due to a preferential interaction of cholesterol with POPC. In gel phase DPPC bilayers, CHEMS and a succinylated pyrenyl cholesterol analog exhibited different effects on membrane physical–chemical properties than cholesterol. Succinylation also increased the rate of transfer of the pyrenyl cholesterol analog between single unilamellar vesicles approximately seven fold. This process demonstrated first-order kinetics which indicated that transbilayer migration was not a rate-limiting step. The succinylation of cholesterol places a carboxyl group at the lipid–water interface and the sterol ring deeper in the bilayer. For a structural model to explain its biological properties, CHEMS should be considered a bulky fatty acid.
A New Conceptual Scheme for Prehistoric Cultures in the Southwestern United States

THE southwest has been considered a distinctive cultural province in the United States from very early times. It is, today, a ready laboratory for archeological, social and cultural anthropological research. However, a casual examination of current theories in southwestern archeology reveals considerable conflict among several different schools of thought. It is clearly apparent that the area lacks a coherent conceptual scheme which has found acceptance among the majority of workers in the field. The need of constant re-examination of current hypotheses and theories is particularly crucial in the southwestern area which, besides its intrinsic importance, has been the training ground for many leading workers in all fields of anthropology. Archeological studies have demonstrated for the southwest a long chronological sequence of development which, in established detail, is without equal in the New World. The earliest cultures were hunting and gathering in economy. Of these the Lindenmeier Site in Colorado, which is the best known, may be taken as an example. It was a culture apparently specialized for the hunting of large Pleistocene animals, particularly an extinct species of bison, Bison taylori. Located in the same geological horizon at this site were skeletons of mammoth and camel which may also have been hunted by men who made the Folsom fluted points. With the coming of modern climatic conditions there resulted a gradual disappearance of large game in the southwest which had to depend upori adequate sources of feed and water. There probably followed a corresponding shift in ecology where the gathering of wild fruits and plants assumed equal importance with hunting. Generally the Cochise culture is considered to be representative of this level. Three stages of the Cochise have been defined. The earliest, the Sulphur Spring Stage, has been dated c. 8000 B.c. by Antevs.2 The most interesting aspect of this cultural level is the total absence of projectile points and the presence of grinding stones which were probably used to prepare wild seeds. The presence of split and burned animal bones demonstrates that hunting was still important. Among the animals hunted were such extinct forms as horse, B. taylori, and mammoth. In the two succeeding stages, the Chiricahua and the San Pedro, all faunal remains represent living species. It is possible that there should be a redefinition of Cochise culture, for there now exists a considerable gap in
The crystal structure of ribosomal protein L14 reveals an important organizational component of the translational apparatus.

Abstract Background: Detailed structural information on ribosomal proteins has increased our understanding of the structure, function and evolution of the ribosome. L14 is one of the most conserved ribosomal proteins and appears to have a central role in the ribonucleoprotein complex. Studies have indicated that L14 occupies a central location between the peptidyl transferase and GTPase regions of the large ribosomal subunit. Results The crystal structure of L14 from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been solved using a combination of isomorphous replacement and multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) methods. The structure comprises a five-stranded β -barrel, a C-terminal loop region that contains two small α -helices, and a β -ribbon that projects from the β -barrel. An analysis of the structure and the conserved amino acids reveals three surface patches that probably mediate L14–RNA and L14–protein interactions within the ribosome. Conclusion The accepted role of ribosomal proteins is to promote the folding and stabilization of ribosomal RNA. The L14 structure is consistent with this notion, and it suggests that the RNA binds in two sites. One RNA-binding site appears to recognize a distinct region of ribosomal RNA during particle assembly. The second site is smaller and may become occupied during the later compaction of the RNA. The surface hydrophobic patch is a likely site of protein–protein interaction, possibly with L19.
Ankylosing spondylitis with childhood onset

Seven male patients with childhood-onset ankylosing spondylitis are described. Ankylosingspondylitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood arthritis, especially if the patient is a male with onset of disease in late childhood, if there are any symptoms referable to the sacroiliac joints or lumbodorsal spine, or if there is transient peripheral arthritis affecting only a few joints. Initial symptoms are characteristically fleeting and recurrent. Early diagnosis and therapy are important for preservation of adequate function. The frequency of hip disease may be greater in individuals with early onset of disease.
Effect of Airway Disease on Blood Gas Exchange in Racehorses

Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD), exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), and upper airway obstruction (UAO) are common respiratory tract diseases that can decrease performance. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology and arterial blood gas analysis during a treadmill test by poorly performing racehorses presented to Purdue University. One hundred thirty-two horses with a history of poor performance were included in this study. Ten horses with no history or diagnosis of EIPH, IAD, or UAO served as controls. Horses were evaluated by rhinolaryngoscopy for upper airway abnormalities and underwent a standardized treadmill test, and samples were collected for blood gas analysis. Horses with IAD or EIPH had a more severe exercise-induced hypoxemia, (mean ± SD; 84.8 ± 1.5 and 86.0 ± 1.7 mm Hg average PaO2, respectively), than horses in the control group (92.8 ± 2.1 mm Hg). The average PaO2 of horses with only UAO (88.3 ± 3.3 mm Hg) was not significantly different from control horses. Gas exchanges were the most severely impaired in horses affected with both EIPH and UAO because they exhibited the lowest PaO2 and highest PaCO2 values (66.5 ± 15.2 and 52.2 ± 6.3 mm Hg, respectively).
Changes in material symmetry associated with deformation: Uniaxial extension

Abstract When a material which is isotropic with respect to a reference configuration is deformed, it is anisotropic with respect to the deformed configuration. The nature of the anisotropy depends on the deformation. In this paper, we consider the special case of the change of a reference configuration by uniaxial extension. We first discuss the structure of the new material symmetry group, and show that it includes non-orthogonal unimodular transformations. Then using the general representation for the response functional of an isotropic material, we show how to construct a representation of the new response functional which satisfies the restrictions of the new material symmetry group.
Typical problems for stiff differential equations

The solution of stiff differential equations has become a very active area in recent years. To have some idea as to the wishes of practitioners would be of obvious value to researchers developing new tools, to software designers producing new codes, and to those evaluating the codes available at present. Because there is surprisingly little quantitative information published about the characteristics of the problems being solved, we have conducted a survey at the Sandia Laboratory in Albuquerque. This is a non-profit research and development firm contracted to the AEC (now ERDA) which does a variety of scientific computing. The size of the computing effort is suggested by the number of employees with Ph.D.'s, about 500, and the array of computers, three CDC 6600's, a UNIVAC 1108, a PDP-10, an IBM 7090, and some smaller machines. While our interviews can be no more than indicative, we hope others will also find this brief summary useful.
USE OF SILYL ETHERS AS FLUORIDE SCAVENGERS IN RNA SYNTHESIS

Abstract Use of a fluoride ion scavenger significantly simplifies isolation of synthetic RNA.
Late Registration: Continued Impact on Student Success

Nearly a decade ago, Smith, Street, and Olivarez (2002) discussed the impact of a late registration policy on students at a community college in Texas. Their study revealed that the policy was detrimental to student success and should be discontinued. There are still colleges, however, that continue the policy of late registration, and this study examines the impact on student success at one community college in Florida. The results reflect that students who register on or after the first day of class are not as successful academically when compared to students who registered early.
Two-photon dichroism studies of molecular-orientational distribution in a nematic liquid crystal

A two-photon dichroism measurement is used for the first time to deduce the second nontrivial moment $〈 {P}_{4} 〉$ of the orientational distribution of 4-cyano-4\ensuremath{'}-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) in the nematic phase. An anisotropic local-field model is developed for the data analysis. The resultant temperature variation of $〈 {P}_{4} 〉$ is in fair agreement with that deduced from Raman depolarization measurements. The negative $〈 {P}_{4} 〉$ near the nematic-isotropic transition temperature is believed to be due to a strong ordering in the local structure of the medium.
Synthesis of low power CMOS VLSI circuits using dual supply voltages

Dynamic power consumed in CMOS gates goes down quadratically with the supply voltage. By maintaining a high supply voltage for gates on the critical path and by using a low supply voltage for gates off the critical path it is possible to dramatically reduce power consumption in CMOS VLSI circuits without performance degradation. Interfacing gates operating under multiple supply voltages, however, requires the use of level converters, which makes the problem modeling difficult. In this paper we develop a formal model and develop an efficient heuristic for addressing the use of two supply voltages for low power CMOS VLSI circuits without performance degradation. Power consumption savings up to 25% over and above the best known existing heuristics are demonstrated for combinational circuits in the ISCAS85 benchmark suite.
Solution of the distributional equation and Green’s functions for scattering problems

Abstract A general method is described to obtain Green’s functions involved in nuclear scattering theory problems. By imposing specified boundary conditions on the general solution to the distribution equation, one can readily obtain the Green’s function for the radial Schrodinger equation.
Birds and grapes on mountaintops

Global climate change today includes an average warming trend (global warming) that affects the distributions of animal and plant species, both directly and indirectly (1, 2). The direct effect arises because a given species can survive or maintain itself only up to and down to its own characteristic maximum and minimum environmental temperature, respectively. In addition, temperature may limit species ranges indirectly by controlling distributions of other species on which a given species depends.
Cutaneous granulomas in the setting of primary immunodeficiency: a report of four cases and review of the literature

Importance Cutaneous granulomas without an identifiable infectious etiology are a rare manifestation of primary immunodeficiency (ID). These cutaneous lesions can be misdiagnosed, often as sarcoidosis, when the skin findings precede the diagnosis of immunodeficiency. Objective We present four cases from our institution and review the literature in order to emphasize the clinical relevance of this association, discuss the histologic and immunohistochemical features, and explore possible pathogenic mechanisms of granuloma formation. Evidence Review We retrospectively reviewed case reports of all patients presenting with cutaneous granulomas in the setting of primary immunodeficiency. Cases with insufficient information to confirm an immunodeficiency state were excluded. Four patients from our clinic were included, for 54 total cases. Findings The majority of cutaneous granulomas are seen in three types of immunodeficiencies: ataxia-telangiectasia, severe combined immunodeficiency, and combined variable immunodeficiency. Twenty-six percent of patients developed cutaneous granulomas prior to their immunodeficiency diagnosis. Histologically, various granulomatous patterns have been described. Immunohistochemistry revealed a CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio of less than or equal to 1 in our four patients, which may help differentiate cutaneous granulomas in primary ID from sarcoidal granulomas that typically show a CD4+ predominance. Conclusions and Relevance Cutaneous granulomas are a rare manifestation of primary ID and occur predominantly in immunodeficiencies that affect T and B cell compartments.
The shear properties of oil shales

A vast unexploited source of hydrocarbons is oil shales; i.e., shales rich in kerogen. The Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary defines kerogen as “the naturally occurring, solid, insoluble organic matter that occurs in source rocks and can yield oil upon heating.” The original organic constituents of kerogen are algae and woody plant material. Kerogens have a high molecular weight relative to bitumen or soluble organic matter. Bitumen forms from kerogen during petroleum generation. Estimates vary as to how much oil is contained in oil shale reserves. The United States Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves estimates some 1.6 trillion barrels of oil are contained in oil shales around the world, with 60–70% of reserves (1.0–1.2 trillion barrels) in the United States. Most U.S. oil shale is concentrated in the Green River Formation in Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado (covering 16,000 square miles).
Massless φdq quantum field theories and the nontriviality of φ44

Abstract The integrated quantized interaction lagrangian L for the massless φ4m2q theory (m ⩾ 1, q ⩾ 2) or the φ4m + 2q theory (m ⩾ 1, q ⩾ 3) exists rigorously as a hermitian operator on a dense domain in the free field Hilbert space, and has a self-adjoint extension. The proof uses a conformal mapping technique to eliminate infrared singularities, and applies also to multicomponent fields. In the case φ44, the leading term in the S-matrix is rigorously self-adjoint and nontrivial, and the total hamiltonian H(φint) becomes a nontrivial self-adjoint operator when φfree is substituted for πint in a suitably desingularized expression for H(φint). In the case of φ63, L vanishes identically.
Regulation of myeloma cell growth through Akt/Gsk3/forkhead signaling pathway.

Abstract The interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway contributes to myeloma cell growth and viability through activation of the PI3/Akt kinase pathway. To understand the downstream signaling elements in the PI3/Akt kinase pathway that are involved in the regulation of myeloma cell growth, we determined the role played by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3) and forkhead transcription factors (FH) in the RPMI-8226 myeloma cell line. We demonstrate that both Gsk3 and FH transcription factors FKHRL1 (FOX3a), FKHR (FOXO1a), and AFX (FOXO4) are phosphorylated (inactivated) by IL-6. Further, we show that inhibitors of Gsk3 induce dephosphorylation of FKHRL1 and FKHR at their threonine sites and upregulate the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 kip1 . Finally, we show that inhibition of Gsk3 activity is sufficient to suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis thus overriding the effects of IL-6 in myeloma cells.