cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use of Mythic Narratives in Presidential Rhetoric on Cybercrime

What politicians say about crime matters, both because of the impact their rhetoric has on public opinion and the policies and motives those words often portend. This is no different when presidents speak about the relatively new area of technocrime. As with other types of crime, political rhetoric on technocrime relies on previous social constructions of the problem, which are (in part) based on myths rooted in popular culture. These myths can be used to help forward political agendas in ways that may be useful to the politician, but that do not address the causes or effects of technocrime. Using ethnographic content analysis, we examine presidential speeches on technocrime, specifically cybercrime, for reliance on mythic narratives, a set of characteristics including threats to common values, the construction of a hero, the existence of innocent victims, and reliance on a deviant population. Our findings indicate that presidents often rely on mythic narratives in their speeches regarding cybercrime. This reliance can best be understood through the lens of securitization, which allows presidents to use myths to further their security agendas.
Identifying and Charging True Perpetrators in Cases of Wrongful Convictions

True perpetrators—those who commit crimes that others were wrongfully convicted of—are a danger to society. Left unapprehended, these individuals often continue to commit crimes that could have otherwise been avoided. Despite the risk they pose, only about half of true perpetrators in DNA exoneration cases have been identified. Further, only 50% of those who have been identified have been charged with the wrongful conviction crime(s) they committed. Previous research on wrongful convictions, prosecutorial discretion in charging decisions, and prosecutors’ treatment of post-conviction innocence claims provide a starting point for investigating what factors underlie the identification and charging of true perpetrators. To explore these factors, we analyze 367 DNA exoneration cases and the resulting 161 identified true perpetrators. Results revealed that prosecutorial misconduct as a contributor to the wrongful conviction decreased the odds that a true perpetrator would be identified, but the odds increased if the victim was White and the exoneree was Black compared to if both were White. Odds of identification also decreased when, compared to murder, the most severe wrongful conviction crime type was child sex abuse or sexual assault. These factors were not significantly associated with the odds of an identified true perpetrator being charged with a wrongful conviction crime. A qualitative study revealed both definitively prohibitive and potentially influential factors that could influence a prosecutor’s decision not to charge an identified true perpetrator with these crimes. These findings indicate policy solutions that could hold true perpetrators of wrongful convictions crimes responsible for their actions.
Perturbing fMRI brain dynamics using transcranial direct current stimulation

Abstract The dynamic nature of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain activity and connectivity has drawn great interest in the past decade. Specific temporal properties of fMRI brain dynamics, including metrics such as occurrence rate and transitions, have been associated with cognition and behaviors, indicating the existence of mechanism distruption in neuropsychiatric disorders. The development of new methods to manipulate fMRI brain dynamics will advance our understanding of these pathophysiological mechanisms from native observation to experimental mechanistic manipulation. In the present study, we applied repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) and the left orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC), during multiple simultaneous tDCS-fMRI sessions from 81 healthy participants to assess the modulatory effects of stimulating target brain regions on fMRI brain dynamics. Using the rDLPFC and the lOFC as seeds, respectively, we first identified two reoccurring co-activation patterns (CAPs) and calculated their temporal properties (e.g., occurrence rate and transitions) before administering tDCS. The spatial maps of CAPs were associated with different cognitive and disease domains using meta-analytical decoding analysis. We then investigated how active tDCS compared to sham tDCS in the modulation of the occurrence rates of these different CAPs and perturbations of transitions between CAPs. We found that by enhancing neuronal excitability of the rDLPFC and the lOFC, the occurrence rate of one CAP was significantly decreased while that of another CAP was significantly increased during the first 6 minutes of stimulation (p=0.01 and p=0.03 for enhancing the rDLPFC and the lOFC respectively; two-sample t-test between the real and sham tDCS). Furthermore, these tDCS-associated changes persisted over subsequent testing sessions (both during and before/after tDCS) across three consecutive days. Active tDCS could perturb transitions between CAPs and a non-CAP state (when the rDLPFC and the lOFC were not activated), but not the transitions within CAPs. These results demonstrate the feasibility of modulating fMRI brain dynamics, and open new possibilities for discovering stimulation targets and dynamic connectivity patterns that can ensure the propagation of tDCS-induced neuronal excitability, which may facilitate the development of new treatments for disorders with altered dynamics.
Diheme cytochrome c-554 from Nitrosomonas: Soret resonance Raman indication of an unusual ferric 5-coordinate structure

The diheme cytochrome c-554 which participates in ammonia oxidation in the chemoautotroph, Nitrosomonas europaea has been studied by Soret excitation resonance Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of reduced cytochrome c-554 at neutral pH is similar classical 6-coordinate low-spin ferrous mammalian cytochrome c. In contrast, the spectrum of ferric cytochrome c-554 suggests a 5-coordinate state which is unusual for c hemes. The oxidized spectrum closely resembles that of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) at pH 6.4. The narrow linewidth of the heme core-size vibrations indicates that both heme irons of c-554 have similar geometries.
On modules of finite projective dimension over complete intersections

Recently Avramov and Miller proved that over a local complete intersection ring (R, m. k) in characteristic p > 0, a finitely generated module M has finite projective dimension if for some i > 0 and for some n > 0, Tor R i (M,f n R ) = 0 - f n being the frobenius map repeated n times. They used the notion of complexity and several related theorems. Here we offer a very simple proof of the above theorem without using complexity at all.
PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE ACCURACY OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS DURING HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE PROCESSING

Theoretical analysis of the temperature response of a thermocouple assembly during high hydrostatic pressure processing (HHPP) was carried out to estimate the lag in the temperature measurement. The analysis was carried out for temperature variation during the pressurization, pressure hold and pressure release steps of HHPP. The estimated temperature lag was used to quantify the temperature discrepancy between the measured and the actual temperatures. The solution obtained showed that there could be a lag of approximately 2 K depending on the design of the temperature-measuring device. Equations governing the thermocouple response were nondimensionalized to obtain the parameters that govern the lag in temperature during the HHPP. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The results obtained from the theoretical analysis presented are relevant and important in evaluating a high-pressure, high-temperature process. In particular, the method presented allows estimation of inaccuracies of temperature measurement in a high-pressure vessel and its impact on the thermal process calculations (F value).
Heterogeneous producers in an extractive industry: factor demand in underground coal mining

Abstract Heterogeneity of natural conditions is an important phenomenon in many extractive industries. We study the effects of natural conditions as measured by the width of the coal seam on the short-run demand for labor for underground mines in Eastern Kentucky. Natural conditions have an important influence on labor demand in two ways: the employment of the mine, given it operates, and the probability of the mine being open. We find that marginal mines on thinner seams are more likely to open and close periodically in response to changes in market conditions. The Heckman sample selection correction method is used to correct the labor demand equation for the bias induced by the endogenous open-close behavior. The estimated price and wage elasticities are larger in absolute value once the opening and closing of mines is taken into account. Thus, forecasts of changes in labor demand due to changes in market conditions will understate the acutal changes if they are based on samples of open mines or fail to incorporate mines' opening and closing behavior.
Vast Universe and Extraterrestrials: Threat or Mystery for the Christian Faith?

A vast universe and the recent discovery of over a thousand planets in our galaxy point to the probability of intelligent extraterrestrials. A theologian would not decide whether there are other intelligent, material beings in the universe. Does the Christian faith insist that only one salvation-history exists, that on Earth, the one recorded in the Bible centered on Jesus of Nazareth? A Christian approach to this likelihood begins with basic religious themes: the knowing person, that person’s relationship to God, sin and evil, incarnation. In past centuries a few theologians have pondered this topic like Origen in the third century, a Franciscan university professor in the fifteenth century, and in the late twentieth century Karl Rahner. If the size of the universe stimulates these reflections, religious faith encourages them.
Aggressive execution engines for surpassing single basic block execution

The increasing density of VLSI circuits has motivated research into ways to utilize large area budgets to improve computational performance. One promising approach is the exploitation of instruction-level parallelism. This technique is effective only if the amount of instruction-level parallelism present in real applications warrants it, and hardware can be designed to exploit it without sacrificing aggressive cycle times. Early studies suggested that sufficient parallelism exists in numeric applications, and more recent research efforts have concluded that sufficient parallelism exists in real, non-scientific applications to justify processors that will execute more than two instructions per cycle. These studies indicate significant performance improvements are possible using aggressive hardware designs today. Furthermore, they offer the possibility for substantial future gains from exploiting instruction-level parallelism using new microarchitectural models. This dissertation explores instruction-level parallelism and microarchitectural mechanisms to efficiently exploit it beyond what is currently thought to be available. The contributions of this dissertation include an extensive investigation into the availability of instruction-level parallelism, new techniques for exploiting the available parallelism, and insight into simulation methodologies. Preliminary trace-driven investigations demonstrate that a significant amount of parallelism is available for exploitation if the machine is designed to provide sufficient fetch bandwidth and high branch prediction accuracy. Experimental results indicate that dynamic scheduling provides a critical tolerance of imperfect memory hierarchies, but most dynamic selection mechanisms and instruction buffer organizations are adequate. In addition, an aggressive state maintenance mechanism provides a modest but consistent performance advantage. More aggressive hardware-based branch handling techniques provide modest performance improvements at significant hardware costs. These techniques demonstrate that further performance increases can be expected, but suggest that compiler support is required to reduce the hardware costs.
Hard Luck Blues: Roots Music Photographs from the Great Depression

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Rich Remsberg Year: 2010 Pages: 256 Publisher: University of Illinois Press ISBN: 978-0-252-03524-1 (hard cover). Prices: $75.00 USD(hard cover).
Diagonalization and inverses for non-linear systems†

The problem of decoupling and inverting dynamic systems is considered. Attention is focused on the problems that arise as available linear techniques ore applied to nonlinear systems. The decoupling of non-linear multi-variate differential equations is illustrated in a series of three examples.
Endangered Cactus Restoration: Mitigating the Non‐Target Effects of a Biological Control Agent (Cactoblastis cactorum) in Florida

The moth Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), the poster child of weed biological control in Australia, has recently invaded the United States and threatens native cacti. Concern is greatest for the endangered semaphore cactus, Opuntia corallicola, of which only two known populations exist in the wild. We made three separate outplantings of O. corallicola, designed to bolster the number of extant cacti and to test the effectiveness of three different treatments to protect the cacti from Cactoblastis. In one outplanting, we tested the associational susceptibility hypothesis and found that cacti planted more than 20 m away from the common prickly pear cactus, Opuntia stricta, which act as a reservoir of Cactoblastis, were just as frequently attacked and killed by Cactoblastis as cacti planted within 5 m. In addition, Cactoblastis attack was greater in the shade than in the sun. In the second outplanting, we minimized the attack from Cactoblastis by using protective cages planted at least 500 m from O. stricta in areas not inhabited by cacti. Cages attracted the attention of local animals, which destroyed the cages and trampled the cacti inside to death. Crown rot caused high mortality in this outplanting. In the third outplanting, again conducted at least 500 m away from O. stricta, fertilization did not reduce crown rot mortality. We suggest that increasing populations of O. corallicola in Florida, by means of outplantings, will remain a challenge because of death from Cactoblastis when planted in areas where cacti normally grow and because of death from crown rot in areas where they do not. Because Cactoblastis is moving rapidly northward and westward and has already reached Charleston, South Carolina, rare cacti in the rest of the U.S. Southeast may be in danger. Eventually, many cactus species in the U.S. South, Southwest, and Mexico will likely be threatened by this moth.
Wetland loss and the subdelta life cycle

Abstract The rapid deterioration of marsh habitat observed during recent years in the modern Mississippi River Delta is a consequence, at least in part, of the natural life cycle of subdeltas. With life spans typically less than 200 years, subdeltas or bay-fill deposits are scaled-down versions of major delta lobes, yet provide, through pulses of sediment, nearly all the subaerial land in an active delta. Using maps, charts, and aerial photographs, curves were constructed for rates of change in land area, sediment volume, and linear progradation in the four subdeltas that have formed on the modern Mississippi River Delta since the first accurate survey in 1838. Results indicate that each subdelta (1) lasted for approximately 115–175 years, (2) included both periods of growth and deterioration, (3) was initiated by a crevasse or break in the natural levee system, (4) showed linear advancement and volumetric growth during subaerial deterioration, and (5) displayed a new pulse of subaerial growth during the high discharge decade of the 1970s. Contrary to popular accounts, demise of the Mississippi River Delta through deterioration of its subdeltas is not a result of the construction of artificial levees upstream or discharge of sediment off the continental shelf edge. Rather, it is attributable to a substantial decrease and fining of sediments being transported downstream to depositional sites within a delta that has developed, through natural processes, a complex and inefficient channel network for delivering these sediments.
Hydrogen and helium pressure broadening of CH3F between 1 K and 600 K

Abstract The hydrogen (H 2 ) and helium (He) pressure broadening cross sections have been measured between 1 and 600 K for the J = 2−3, K = 0 and J = 1−2, K = 0 transitions of CH 3 F, respectively. This two and a half decade range in temperature makes possible the consideration of these collisions as a spectroscopic process in which the translational energy plays the role of the spectroscopic variable. For the collisions studied here the pressure broadening cross section is slowly varying in the semi-classical region above ≈ 100 K, but at lower temperature the cross sections change rapidly, with significant collision pair specific differences.
US Military Power in the Pacific: Problems and Prospects: Part I

Over the past 45 years the most traumatic military events involving the United States have been in the Pacific theatre. Pearl Harbor and the war with Japan; Korea, in which 54,000 American military lives were lost; and Vietnam where 57,000 Americans died. Vietnam remains a central factor in American thinking about military power, especially concerning the protracted use of ground forces.1
Strategic Communication in Multicultural Markets: Korean and American Cultural Differences Toward Leisure

A foremost issue in international communication planning is the cultural understanding of a target audience. The body of literature for studies of leisure—a growing industry worldwide—is mostly from Western viewpoints, despite an increasing awareness of its value from Eastern perspectives. Even the notion of “leisure” itself is Western-based. This research documents different leisure patterns in Koreans and Americans, and examines the differing philosophical traditions as a schematic. Through the triangulation of qualitative methods (interviews, participant observation and content analysis) focusing on “how” and “why,” results show evidence that successful leisure-related strategic communication planning should pay attention to the unique cultural heritages of different potential consumers.
The Recycled Housewife Can Succeed

(1981). The Recycled Housewife Can Succeed. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 183-184.
A Comparative Study of Coronal Mass Ejections with and Without Magnetic Cloud Structure near the Earth: Are All Interplanetary CMEs Flux Ropes?

An outstanding question concerning interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is whether all ICMEs have a magnetic flux rope structure. We test this question by studying two different ICMEs, one having a magnetic cloud (MC) showing smooth rotation of magnetic field lines and the other not. The two ICMEs are chosen in such a way that their progenitor CMEs are very similar in remote sensing observations. Both CMEs originated from close to the central meridian directly facing the Earth. Both CMEs were associated with a long-lasting post-eruption loop arcade and appeared as an elliptical halo in coronagraph images, indicating a flux rope origin. We conclude that the difference in the in-situ observation is caused by the geometric selection effect, contributed by the deflection of flux ropes in the inner corona and interplanetary space. The first event had its nose pass through the observing spacecraft; thus, the intrinsic flux rope structure of the CME appeared as a magnetic cloud. On the other hand, the second event had the flank of the flux rope intercept the spacecraft, and it thus did not appear as a magnetic cloud. We further argue that a conspicuous long period of weak magnetic field, low plasma temperature, and density in the second event should correspond to the extended leg portion of the embedded magnetic flux rope, thus validating the scenario of the flank-passing. These observations support the idea that all CMEs arriving at the Earth include flux rope drivers.
Clinical Outcome Differences for Lipomyelomeningoceles, Intraspinal Lipomas, and Lipomas of the Filum Terminale

Failure to differentiate between the different types of lumbosacral lipomas may lead to inaccurate assumptions and inappropriate management of patients. The goal of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in clinical outcome between patients with lipomyelomeningocles, intraspinal lipomas, and lipomas of the filum terminale. One hundred and fourteen patients with spinal dysraphism were seen at Duke University Medical Center between 1995-1999. All patients who had undergone previous operative intervention for these lesions were excluded. Twenty-two patients with intradural lipomas were identified. Of these, 14 (64%) had lipomyelomeningoceles and 8 (36%) had intraspinal lipomas. Twenty-five patients had filum terminale lipomas. Operative management consisted of lumbosacral laminectomies with microsurgical resection of the lipoma and division of the fatty filum. Average age at presentation in symptomatic patients with lipomas of the filum terminale was 17.7 years, and 23 years in the symptomatic intraspinal lipoma group. Patients with lipomyelomeningoceles ranged in age from 1 day to 18 years, with the majority being younger than 2 years. After an average follow-up of 8 months all patients showed improvement in motor strength following operative intervention. Greater improvements in sensory, bladder, and pain scores were associated with filum terminale lipomas. The least improvements in these categories were seen in the lipomyelomeningocele group. Motor strength is the most likely deficit to improve following operative intervention. Lipomyelomeningoceles, intraspinal lipomas, and filum termniale lipomas have different clinical outcomes following operative intervention.
Matrix operator theory of radiative transfer. 2: scattering from maritime haze

Matrix operator theory is used to calculate the reflected and transmitted radiance of photons that have interacted with plane-parallel maritime haze layers. The results are presented for three solar zenith angles, three values of the surface albedo, and a range of optical thicknesses from very thin to very thick. The diffuse flux at the lower boundary and the cloud albedo are tabulated. The forward peak and other features in the single scattered phase function cause the radiance in many cases to be very different from that for Rayleigh scattering. In particular the variation of the radiance with both the zenith or nadir angle and the azimuthal angle is more marked and the relative limb darkening under very thick layers is greater for haze M than for Rayleigh scattering. The downward diffuse flux at the lower boundary for A = 0 is always greater and the cloud albedo is always less for haze M than for Rayleigh layers.
Escort: DC optimisation for production cost estimation

Escort is a mathematically-rigorous model that allows substantial flexibility to model different aspects of National Grid's (UK) commercial operation of the grid system. Escort estimates the production cost of operating a transmission network over a period of time, and the economic effects of changes to this network. It uses a security constrained MW optimisation program to simulate the steady state economics of the network, repeated simulations of the system with different demand levels and plant outages being combined to give an expected value for the total running cost of the system. It has proved its worth in being able to simulate the continually changing operational practices following privatisation of the UK electricity supply industry.
Intestinal neuronal dysplasia is a possible cause of persistent bowel symptoms after pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease.

The proximal margin of the resected bowel specimens from 33 consecutively treated patients undergoing a definitive pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) and control specimens consisting of suction rectal biopsy specimens obtained from 24 age-matched patients evaluated for constipation (and proven not to have HD) were examined using conventional HE in another, the proximal margin was in a transitional zone. In both patients, frozen sections at the time of surgery were interpreted as having ganglion cells. In 10 of 31 patients, intestinal neuronal dysplasia was demonstrated in the proximal margin of the resected bowel. The abnormalities included hyperplasia of the submucous plexus, giant ganglia (with > 7 ganglion cells), and ectopic ganglion cells (all 10 patients) and increased AChE activity in the lamina propria (5 patients). All ten patients with IND had persistent bowel problems after the definitive operation for HD, such as enterocolitis, soiling, or constipation. Only four of the other 21 patients had persistent bowel symptoms. This study suggests that IND is commonly associated with HD. It also emphasizes the importance of histochemical examination of the resected segment to predict postoperative bowel function in patients with HD.
The role of the reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide in the reactivation of dogfish muscle lactate dehydrogenase.

Abstract We have found that the reversible inactivation of dogfish muscle lactate dehydrogenase is influenced by the presence of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide. Altered structural changes and catalytic properties which occur in the enzyme as the result of this inactivation in the absence of the coenzyme can be reversed after dissociation of the altered protein and its subsequent reassociation in the presence of the coenzyme. These effects of the coenzyme occur only after the altered enzyme is dissociated and then reactivated. The results, therefore, suggest that the reduced coenzyme plays a prominent role in forming the most active and stable structure of the lactate dehydrogenase.
Heterosexual adolescents' and young adults' beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality and gay and lesbian peers.

Abstract Reports on the school climate for gay and lesbian students in the United States suggest that negative attitudes toward gay and lesbian individuals are quite common in adolescence. Very little research, however, has investigated adolescents’ sexual prejudice from a developmental perspective. In this study, 10th- ( N = 119) and 12th- ( N = 145) grade adolescents and college-aged young adults ( N = 86) completed a questionnaire assessing their beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality, their comfort with gay and lesbian students, and their judgments and reasoning regarding the treatment of gay or lesbian peers in school. Results indicate that middle adolescents (14–16) are more likely than older adolescents (16–18) and young adults (19–26) to exhibit sexual prejudice related to social interaction with gay and lesbian peers. Interestingly, however, age-related differences in beliefs about whether homosexuality was right or wrong were not found. These findings provide evidence for age-related differences in some aspects of sexual prejudice but not others and underscore the importance of using multiple measures in assessing the development of this type of prejudice.
Dispersible exfoliated zeolite nanosheets and their application as a selective membrane

Thin zeolite films are attractive for a wide range of applications, including molecular sieve membranes, catalytic membrane reactors, permeation barriers, and low-dielectric-constant materials. Synthesis of thin zeolite films using high-aspect-ratio zeolite nanosheets is desirable because of the packing and processing advantages of the nanosheets over isotropic zeolite nanoparticles. Attempts to obtain a dispersed suspension of zeolite nanosheets via exfoliation of their lamellar precursors have been hampered because of their structure deterioration and morphological damage (fragmentation, curling, and aggregation). We demonstrated the synthesis and structure determination of highly crystalline nanosheets of zeolite frameworks MWW and MFI. The purity and morphological integrity of these nanosheets allow them to pack well on porous supports, facilitating the fabrication of molecular sieve membranes.
Binocular retinal scanning laser display with integrated focus cues for ocular accommodation

In natural vision, the oculomotor processes of accommodation (focus) and vergence (angle between lines of sight of two eyes) are reflexively linked such that a change in one drives a matching change in the other. Conventional stereoscopic displays require viewers to decouple these processes, and accommodate at a fixed distance while dynamically varying vergence to view objects at different stereoscopic distances. This decoupling generates eye fatigue and compromises image quality. We describe a binocular display that generates variable accommodation cues that match vergence and stereoscopic retinal disparity demands, better approximating natural vision and leading to decreased eye fatigue. In our display, a luminance modulated laser beam is reflected from a deformable membrane mirror and raster scanned. The scan is converged at the entrance pupil of the viewer’s eye, creating a Maxwellian view of the displayed image. As the beam is scanned, the deformable membrane mirror dynamically changes the beam divergence angle to present images at different focal distances. The display has a large range of focus (closer than the viewer’s near point to infinity) and presents images at 60 Hz. The accommodation response of a viewer to the display was measured objectively using an infrared autorefractor.
Mock Juror Gender Biases and Perceptions of Self-Defense Claims in Intimate Partner Homicide

Findings are reported from an experiment that examined mock jurors’ gender biases regarding intimate homicide case adjudications. Mock jurors were more likely to convict a man than a woman who had killed an abusive partner, which was partially mediated by sympathy toward both the victim and defendant. Analyses revealed an abuser height and abuser gender interaction such that conviction rates for women defendants were higher when her abuser was taller compared to when he was shorter than she; abuser height did not influence conviction rates for men. Findings also suggested that when given information about a child being present, mock jurors perceived the killing of the abusive partner as an act to protect that child. The results are discussed in relation to how extra-legal factors impact juror perceptions of domestic violence cases in the courtroom.
Systematics of shape selectivity in common zeolites

Abstract A five-component feed comprised of hexane isomers, benzene, and toluene was used as a catalytic probe to compare the behavior of common acid zeolites of widely differing pore structures. It was shown that, among well-characterized, known zeolites, systematic relations exist between sorptive properties, pore structures, and the selectivities for hydrocarbon reactions, including coke formation.
The MuCool Program

The charge of the MuCool Collaboration is to develop and test components for muon cooling channels to be used in muon colliders and neutrino factories. The continuing engineering and technical developments by the MuCool group, conducted by Illinois Consortium for Accelerator Research (ICAR) institutions (NIU, IIT and UIUC), the University of Mississippi and Oxford University in cooperation with Fermilab, are summarized here, including results from the first test of an absorber prototype from Osaka University and KEK cooled by internal convection at the newly constructed FNAL MuCool Test Area (MTA). Plans are in place for the high-power test of another absorber prototype (employing external heat exchange) to be built in 2005. The RF group is completing the manufacture of a 201 MHz RF cell to be tested early 2005 in the MTA.
Force Control of Linear Motor Stages for Microassembly

The microassembly of microelectromechanical systems from various micro-components requires the development of many new robotic capabilities. One of these capabilities is force control for handling micro-scale components with force control resolution on the order of micronewtons. In this paper, the force control of linear motor stages is discussed with application to the microassembly of MEMS. Linear motor stages provide an attractive solution for microassembly robots because they have a large working volume and can achieve high-precision positioning. However, the nonlinear friction and force ripple effects inherent in linear stages provide an obstacle to the required level of force control. A model of a single motor stage has been developed including dynamic friction effects. Based on this model, a robust nonlinear force controller has been designed to meet the microassembly requirements. The controller has been tested in simulation to demonstrate its effectiveness.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Radiative corrections of eighth- and tenth-orders to lepton g-2

This paper reports the recent progress in evaluation of eighth- and tenth-order terms of the anomalous magnetic moment of muon a μ and that of electron a e . The coefficients of ( α / π ) 4 and ( α / π ) 5 for a μ are 132.7199 (72) and 652 (20), respectively. The coefficient of ( α / π ) 4 for a e is -1.7283 (35). The breakthrough for the ( α / π ) 5 case is development of fast algorithm which automates steps from Feynman diagram to FORTRAN code of the integral.
Free‐radical homopolymerization and copolymerization of vinylferrocene

The benzene solution homopolymerization of vinylferrocene, initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile, gave a series of benzene-soluble homopolymers. Thus, free-radical copolymerization studies were performed with styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and isoprene in benzene. With the exception of vinyl acetate and isoprene, which did not give copolymers with vinylferrocene under these conditions, smooth production of copolymers occurred. The relative reactivity ratios, r1 and r2, were obtained for vinylferrocene–styrene copolymerizations by using the curve-fitting method for the differential form of the copolymer equation, by the Fineman-Ross technique, and by computer fitting of the integrated form of the copolymer equations applied to higher conversion copolymerizations. In styrene (M2) copolymerizations, the curve-fitting and Fineman-Ross methods both gave r1 = 0.08, r2 = 2.50, while the integration method gave r1 = 0.097, r2 = 2.91. Application of the integration method to methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (M2) gave values of r1 = 0.82, r2 = 0.63; r1 = 0.52, r2 = 1.22, respectively. The curve-fitting method gave r1 = 0.15, r2 = 0.16 for acrylonitrile (M2) copolymerizations. From styrene copolymerizations, vinylferrocene exhibited values of Q = 0.145 and e = 0.47.
THE TYPE AND DEGREE OF GONADAL STIMULATION INDUCED IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED MALE RATS PARABIOTICALLY JOINED WITH CASTRATED, CRYPTORCHID, AND NORMAL PARTNERS

The results of various studies lead one to conclude directly or by inference that the anterior lobe of the hypophysis of castrated animals produces predominantly a follicle-stimulating principle (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). On the other hand the results of the investigation of Evans et al. (7) and of Lipschutz and Villagran (8) suggest that the luteinizing ability of the anterior lobe of the hypophyis of rats increases following castration. As this report is concerned with experiments on parabiotic rats, special attention is directed to other studies of a similar nature. Witschi and Levine (5) joined castrated male rats with hypophysectomized females. Shortly after castration of the male, vaginal smears from the hypophysectomized female showed only cornified cells; this condition, with a few interruptions, persisted for long periods of time. The ovaries of such females revealed only follicular growth or atresia, without luteinization. Essentially the same results were obtained in hypophysectomized female rats whic...
Self-assembled (SA) bilayer molecular coating on magnetic nanoparticles

Abstract Protectively and functionally coated magnetic nanoparticles are of special interest because of their important technological applications in diverse fields, ranging from biotechnology to transportation. In this paper, monolayer and bilayer surfactant coating on magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles has been obtained using the self-assembly method. Magnetic properties such as magnetization, ZFC and FC curves, blocking temperature, hysteresis loop, coercivity and remanent magnetization of the SAM and bilayer coated magnetite nanoparticles have been investigated. The results show the efficacy of our synthesis approach not only to protect magnetic nanoparticles via surfactant-mediated self-assembly but also their stable suspension in a variety of appropriate liquid media. The superparamagnetic nature of the magnetic nanoparticles remains unchanged with self-assembled coatings and paves the way for their use in colloid suspension for device applications.
Pilsicainide intoxication presenting as left ventricular dyssynchrony in a patient on hemodialysis

We report here a case of pilsicainide intoxication presenting as left ventricular dyssynchrony in a patient who had been treated on hemodialysis. This is the first report that assessed cardiac function during pilsicainide intoxication by left ventriculography and right heart catheterization.
Form-making in architecture: performance and simulation based design approach

Recent developments in digital design have brought new tectonic freedom into architecture. These innovative forms break away from the traditional or modernistic framework. In turn, they often relate to contemporary developments in other design disciplines, such as product design. Emerging tectonic trends, combined with research into new material and fabrication technologies, make it possible to purse imaginative designs that were not possible a decade ago. While digital tools allow for a broader architectural reading, resulting in innovative and unique designs and new expectations regarding space and form, these emerging designs often exist exclusively as visual propositions, deprived of a deeper structural, constructional, or functional logic.
Interleukin-8 Is a Molecular Determinant of Androgen Independence and Progression in Prostate Cancer

The proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is undetectable in androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells (e.g., LNCaP and LAPC-4), but it is highly expressed in androgen-independent metastatic cells, such as PC-3. In this report, we show IL-8 functions in androgen independence, chemoresistance, tumor growth, and angiogenesis. We stably transfected LNCaP and LAPC-4 cells with IL-8 cDNA and selected IL-8-secreting (IL8-S) transfectants. The IL8-S transfectants that secreted IL-8 at levels similar to that secreted by PC-3 cells (100-170 ng/10(6) cells) were characterized. Continuous or transient exposure of LNCaP and LAPC-4 cells to IL-8 reduced their dependence on androgen for growth and decreased sensitivity (>3.5x) to an antiandrogen. IL-8-induced cell proliferation was mediated through CXCR1 and was independent of androgen receptor (AR). Quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, and transfection studies showed that IL8-S cells or IL-8-treated LAPC-4 cells exhibit a 2- to 3-fold reduction in PSA and AR levels, when compared with vector transfectants. IL8-S cells expressed 2- to 3-fold higher levels of phospho-EGFR, src, Akt, and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and showed increased survival when treated with docetaxel. This increase was blocked by NF-kappaB and src inhibitors, but not by an Akt inhibitor. IL8-S transfectants displayed a 3- to 5-fold increased motility, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor production. LNCaP IL8-S cells grew rapidly as tumors, with increased microvessel density and abnormal tumor vasculature when compared with the tumors derived from their vector-transfected counterparts. Therefore, IL-8 is a molecular determinant of androgen-independent prostate cancer growth and progression.
Anchoring effects of advertised reference price and sale price: The moderating role of saving presentation format

Abstract This study investigates how consumers utilize an advertised reference price and the posted sale price (SP) as anchors to adjust their internal reference prices (IRP). As expected, the effect of SP on IRP depends on the magnitude and direction of deviation from the IRP. When the posted SP exceeds IRP, it exerts an upward pressure on IRP, whereas when it falls below IRP, it has a negative impact. Consistent with prior research, consumers rely at least partially on the advertised reference price to adjust their IRP. The saving presentation format also moderates the effects of gains and losses on IRP but does not influence offer evaluation directly. Results suggest that retailers can enhance evaluations directly by pricing their products appropriately relative to consumers' IRP and indirectly through the choice of saving presentation format.
Learning, retention and recall of clinical information.

Summary. A representative group of 33 medical students who were entering the junior year clerkships was tested for retention and recall of clinical information 3 months after taking an examination on the same subject. The students were not given an opportunity to review the subject. On 39 identical multiple choice test questions, the students' mean score declined 10 percentile points (P < 0.05) from that on the original examination. On 40 comparable but previously unseen questions, the mean score fell 19 percentile points from that attained 3 months earlier. On open-ended questions of clinical reasoning, a third component of the assessment, the students performed at a level similar to those on the two multiple choice tests, but with greater variability. These assessments give data on retention and recall that have not previously been reported in the literature. Correlations among individual test components were moderate (r= 0.52-0.63). There was inconsistency of individual students in scores on the component tests, and, thus, variability in performance by students was marked. Retention and recall were weakly predicted by results on an initial multiple choice examination. In addition, on a subsequent assessment of knowledge, results from different types of tests were inconsistent, suggesting that these tests evaluate different forms of competence.
Resident to resident handoffs in the emergency department: an observational study.

Background Despite patient handoffs being well recognized as a potentially dangerous time in the care of patients in the emergency department (ED), there is no established standard and little supporting research on how to optimize the process. Minimizing handoff risks is particularly important at teaching hospitals, where residents often provide the majority of patient handoffs. Objective Our aim was to identify hazards to patient safety and barriers to efficiency related to resident handoffs in the ED. Methods An observational study was completed using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model to assess the safety and efficiency of resident handoffs. Thirty resident handoffs were observed with residents in emergency medicine over 16 weeks. Results Residents were interrupted, on average, every 8.5 min. The most common deficit in relaying the plan of care strategy was failing to relay medications administered (32%). In addition, there were ambiguities related to medication administration, such as when the medication was next due or why a medication was chosen, in 56% of handoffs observed. Ninety percent of residents observed took handwritten notes. A small percentage (11%) also completed free texted computer progress notes. Ten percent of residents took no notes. Conclusions The existing system allows for a clear summary of the patient's visit. Two major deficits-frequent interruptions and inconsistent communication regarding medications administered-were noted. There is inconsistency in how information is recorded at the time of handoff. Future studies should focus on handoff improvement and error reduction.
Chemical form and distribution of mercury and selenium in eggs from chickens fed mercury-contaminated grain

Interactions between dietary mercury and selenium have been observed in chickens whereby significant amounts of both elements are deposited in the eggs. Dietary transfer into eggs is influenced by the level and chemical form of both elements in the diet. We have previously examined the chemical form and distribution of mercury and selenium in the edible muscle of marine and freshwater fish and in human tissue. Information is reported here on (1) the level of specific mercury and selenium chemical forms in egg white and egg yolk, and (2) the distribution of these forms in specific protein fractions of these egg components.
A grain level model for the study of failure initiation and evolution in polycrystalline brittle materials. Part II: Numerical examples

Abstract Numerical aspects of the grain level micromechanical model presented in part I are discussed in this study. They include, an examination of solution convergence in the context of cohesive elements used as an approach to model crack initiation and propagation; performance of parametric studies to assess the role of grain boundary strength and toughness, and their stochasticity, on damage initiation and evolution. Simulations of wave propagation experiments, performed on alumina, are used to illustrate the capabilities of the model in the framework of experimental measurements. The solution convergence studies show that when the length of the cohesive elements is smaller than the cohesive zone size and when the initial slope of the traction-separation cohesive law is properly chosen, the predictions concerning microcrack initiation and evolution are mesh independent. Other features examined in the simulations were the effect of initial stresses and defects resulting from the material manufacturing process. Also described are conditions on the selection of the representative volume element size, as a function of ceramic properties, to capture the proper distance between crack initiation sites. Crack branching is predicted in the case of strong ceramics and sufficient distance between nucleation sites. Rate effects in the extension of microcracks were studied in the context of damage kinetics and fragmentation patterns. The simulations show that crack speed can be significantly varied in the presence of rate effects and as a result crack diffusion by nucleation of multiple sites achieved. This paper illustrates the utilization of grain level models to predict material constitutive behavior in the presence, or absence, of initial defects resulting from material manufacturing. Likewise, these models can be employed in the design of novel heterogeneous materials with hierarchical microstructures, multi-phases and/or layers.
Culture, Personality, Health, and Family Dynamics: Cultural Competence in the Selection of Culturally Sensitive Treatments

Cultural sensitivity and cultural competence in the selection of culturally sensitive treatments is a requisite for effective counseling practice in working with diverse clients and their families, particularly when clients present with health issues or medical problems. Described here is a strategy for selecting culturally sensitive treatments (cultural interventions, culturally sensitive interventions, or culturally sensitive therapy) based on a comprehensive assessment of cultural factors, personality dynamics, family dynamics, and health or medical conditions. A case example is provided that illustrates this strategy.