cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical course, diagnostic findings and necropsy diagnosis in dyspneic cats with primary pulmonary parenchymal disease: 15 cats (1996–2002)

Objective: Correlate the necropsy diagnosis with the history, diagnostic findings, and clinical course of dyspneic cats with primary lung parenchymal disease. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Animals: Client-owned cats over 6 months of age hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with a primary problem of respiratory distress that had pulmonary parenchymal disease on thoracic radiographs, and a complete necropsy. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: Cats included were assigned into 2 groups based on the pulmonary histopathology: inflammatory (n=8) and neoplastic (n=7) disease. No statistical difference was found between the groups with regard to age, body weight, clinical signs, duration of clinical signs, physical examination findings, thoracic radiography, duration of hospitalization, treatment, and outcome. Cats with neoplasia had a statistically higher mean total white blood cell count (26.60 k/μL±10.41) than those with inflammatory lung disease (11.59 k/μL±4.49; P=0.026). Cats with bacterial or viral pulmonary disease had a significantly shorter median duration of illness (5 days, range 1–7 days) than all other cats (30 days, range 7–365 days; P=0.0042). Ultrasound guided pulmonary fine-needle aspiration (FNA) provided an accurate diagnosis in 5/5 cases. Conclusions: Forty-seven percent of cats with pulmonary parenchymal disease had neoplasia. The clinical diagnosis was difficult to obtain ante-mortem; lung FNA appeared to be the most helpful diagnostic tool in these cases.
High School Students' Ability to Solve Molarity Problems and Their Analog Counterparts.

The study investigates the use of analog tasks for determining difficulties that high school chemistry students might encounter in solving molarity problems. Students (n = 619) from five schools completed three tests given throughout the school year. These were: an analog test, a molarity test, and a retention test. The analog task consisted of dissolving lemonade powder for solid sodium hydroxide. Results indicate that the analog task is a predictor of success on the molarity test; that difficulties encountered on the analog test are similar to those on the chemistry test, and that achievement on some types of chemistry problems might be improved by us in analog tasks in instruction.
Association of esophageal adenocarcinoma with other subsequent primary cancers

Purpose Esophageal adenocarcinoma shares risk factors such as obesity and smoking with other common cancers. The association of esophageal adenocarcinoma with other primary cancers has not been systematically evaluated. The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results database of the National Cancer Institute to explore the association of esophageal adenocarcinoma with other primary cancers. Patients and methods All adult patients with esophageal cancers, both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed between 1973 and 2001, were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results database, and standardized incidence rates were calculated for all subsequent primary cancers in these patients. The analysis was reversed to estimate the standardized incidence rate for subsequent primary esophageal cancer after a first primary cancer. Results In comparison with a standard population, patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were at higher risk for the development of another subsequent cancer, specifically, cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, lung and bronchus, and kidney and renal pelvis, and adenocarcinoma of the colon/rectum and pancreas. With squamous cell esophageal cancer, there was an association with tobacco-related cancers such as those of the oral cavity and pharynx, the lung and bronchus, and the breast. There was either no association or even a negative association of esophageal adenocarcinoma with other obesity-related cancers such as breast, uterine, and prostate cancers. Conclusions Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are at increased risk for the development of specific second primary cancers that share smoking as a common risk factor. Esophageal adenocarcinoma does not have a strong association with obesity-related cancers with respect to the relative risk for the development of subsequent primary cancers.
Aerobic and anaerobic alcohol dehydrogenases in Escherichia coli

Abstract Mutants unable to use ethanol for carbon and energy were counterselected from an ethanolutilizing mutant of Escherichia coli K12 derepressed for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Mutants of one class were devoid of ADH activity under anaerobic conditions but exhibited aerobic activities comparable to those of wild-type E. coli. Mutants of a second class exhibited ADH activity levels intermediate between those of the wild-type and derepressed parent. Immunological studies showed that mutants of the former class synthesized far less ADH protein than did the derepressed parent while mutants of the latter class synthesized about the same amount. The ADH mutations in both classes were located within the previously described adh region which contains the structural gene for the activity that is derepressed in the parent. An Eth − adh-lac fusion mutant with an insertion in the structural gene was also isolated and characterized. It exhibited no ADH activity under anaerobic conditions and wild-type levels under aerobic conditions. These data are consistent with the existence in E. coli of distinct aerobic and anaerobic ADH enzymes and a derepression of the anaerobic but not the aerobic enzyme in the ethanol utilizing strain.
Structural characterization of a mouse ortholog of human NEIL3 with a marked preference for single-stranded DNA.

Endonuclease VIII-like 3 (Neil3) is a DNA glycosylase of the base excision repair pathway that protects cells from oxidative DNA damage by excising a broad spectrum of cytotoxic and mutagenic base lesions. Interestingly, Neil3 exhibits an unusual preference for DNA with single-stranded regions. Here, we report the 2.0 A crystal structure of a Neil3 enzyme. Although the glycosylase region of mouse Neil3 (MmuNeil3Δ324) exhibits the same overall fold as that of other Fpg/Nei proteins, it presents distinct structural features. First, MmuNeil3Δ324 lacks the αF-β9/10 loop that caps the flipped-out 8-oxoG in bacterial Fpg, which is consistent with its inability to cleave 8-oxoguanine. Second, Neil3 not only lacks two of the three void-filling residues that stabilize the opposite strand, but it also harbors negatively charged residues that create an unfavorable electrostatic environment for the phosphate backbone of that strand. These structural features provide insight into the substrate specificity and marked preference of Neil3 for ssDNA.
Benefits and barriers to fruit and vegetable intake: relationship between attitudes and consumption

Abstract Consumption of fruits and vegetables is suggested to be beneficial in cancer prevention. However, surveys indicate that a large percentage of the population does not consume the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. A mail survey was conducted in 1990 to examine attitudes toward nutrition and reported fruit and vegetable intake among randomly sampled Washington state residents (n = 1069; age range = 20–88 years). Individuals in low-income and low-education categories and males had significantly higher scores measuring barriers to fruit and vegetable intake compared to the highest income and education groups or females. All respondents had high nutrition concern despite income or education level. Nutrition behavior scores were significantly higher for individuals with high income. Results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that 16% of the variance in fruit and vegetable intake was accounted for by attitude variables. Barriers to fruit and vegetable intake were the largest component of variability in actual fruit and vegetable consumption. Results suggest a relationship between attitudes about barriers to fruit and vegetable intake and nutrition behaviors. Additionally, males and individuals with limited education and lower income may benefit from education directed toward reducing barriers to fruit and vegetable intake.
Surface-consistent residual statics estimation by stack-power maximization

Application of incorrect static shifts will decrease the power of the common‐depth‐point stack. Conversely, static shifts can be estimated by maximizing the stack power. We tried it and it worked well enough that we recommend it in routine practice for data with low signal‐to‐noise ratio. Likewise, stack power was maximized by adjustment of surface‐consistent phase correction.
Barriers to Evaluation for Early Intervention Services: Parent and Early Intervention Employee Perspectives

Abstract Objective To explore barriers to early intervention (EI) evaluation among referred infants and toddlers. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with parents of children referred for EI services and with EI staff. We purposively sampled families according to whether they received an EI evaluation. Families were recruited from a randomized controlled trial testing implementation of developmental screening. Parents filled out demographic surveys. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded. We identified themes within and across respondent groups using modified grounded theory. Results We reached thematic saturation after interviewing 22 parents whose child was evaluated by EI, 22 not evaluated, and 14 EI employees. Mean child age at first referral was 16.7 months, and 80% were referred as the result of language concerns. We identified 5 primary themes: (1) Parents reported communication problems with their pediatrician, including misinterpreting reassurance and not understanding the referral process; (2) Many parents saw themselves as experts on their child's development and felt they should decide whether their child pursues EI services; (3) Some families preferred to wait for the developmental concern to resolve or work with their child on their own prior to seeking EI services; (4) For ambivalent parents, practical obstacles especially limited completion of evaluation, but highly motivated parents overcame obstacles; and (5) EI employees perceived that families avoid evaluation because they mistake EI for child protective services. Conclusions Communication between pediatricians and families that addresses practical logistics, families' perceptions of their child's development and EI, and motivation to address developmental concerns may improve the completion of EI referrals.
On the numerical integration of a class of pressure-dependent plasticity models

An unconditionally stable algorithm for the numerical integration of elastoplastic pressure-dependent constitutive relations is analysed in detail in this paper. The application of the method to plane stress problems, in which the out-of-plane strain component is not defined kinematically, is discussed. The tangent moduli resulting from this integration algorithm are obtained by consistent linearization of the elastoplastic constitutive equations. The algorithm is applied to Gurson's constitutive model, some one-dimensional problems are solved, and comparisons with exact solutions are made. The paper closes with a numerical study of the necking of an axi-symmetric specimen using Gurson's plasticity model to describe the constitutive behaviour of the material.
The demand impacts of chicken contamination publicity—a case study

Adverse publicity regarding food contamination can depress demand, causing lost producer revenue. This study addresses the magnitude of those losses through the analysis of the impact of TV and print news coverage of bacterial contamination of chicken in the United States. An inverse demand model for chicken is estimated using weekly data from 1982 through 1991. Our findings indicate adverse publicity about salmonella contamination of chicken depressed the demand for chicken, but that the effect was small, less than 1% during the period of maximum exposure. Further, consumers soon forget this news as they reverted to prior consumption patterns in a matter of weeks. [EconLit citation: D120] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel phosphate protection for oligonucleotide synthesis: the 2-[(1-naphthyl)carbamoyloxy]ethyl (NCE) group

Abstract The utility of the 2-(arylcarbamoyloxy)ethyl group for protection of internucleosidic phosphate linkages in oligonucleotide synthesis was studied. Of the three protecting groups tested, the 2-[(1-naphthyl)carbamoyloxy]ethyl demonstrated high coupling yields, favorable deprotection kinetics and the highest hydrolytic stability of the thymidine phosphoramidite building block. The mechanism of deprotection was confirmed by deprotecting a model phosphate triester and synthetic dodecathymidylate.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways and Fungal Pathogenesis

In eukaryotic cells, a family of serine/threonine protein kinases known as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (MAPKs) is involved in the transduction of a variety of extracellular signals and the regulation of different developmental processes. The MAPK is activated by dual phosphorylation of the TXY motif by MAPK kinase (MEK or MAPKK), which is activated in turn by MEK kinase (MEKK or MAPKKK). The sequential activation of the MAPK cascade eventually results in the activation of transcription factors and the expression of specific sets of genes in response to environmental stimuli. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, five MAPK pathways are known to regulate mating, invasive growth, cell wall integrity, hyperosmoregulation, and ascospore formation (50). In the past decade, MAPKs in various plant and human pathogenic fungi have been characterized. In this review, we will compare their functions in different fungal pathogens with a focus on infection-related morphogenesis and virulence.
‘Lone’ atrial fibrillation precipitated by monosodium glutamate and aspartame

Angina in the presence of intact coronary arteries remains a relatively frequent clinical issue. It is now well understood that an impaired capacity to modulate coronary vascular resistances upon exercise (i.e. an impaired coronary flow reserve) may lead to ischemia and angina. We describe a case of coronary slow flow, i.e. a condition in which resting (micro) vascular resistances are inappropriately high, causing unstable angina. We propose that this novel syndrome should be called coronary syndrome Y to distinguish it from the better understood coronary syndrome X. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Lipolytic activity and plasma-free fatty acid levels following the administration of an inhibitor of the clearing reaction

Abstract An inhibitor of the heparin-induced lipemia clearing factor has been isolated from dog post-heparin plasma. The purified inhibitor (950-fold) when injected into rats before heparin administration resulted in a marked diminution of the clearing factor release as determined by the ability of the post-inhibitor-heparin plasma to hydrolyse a triglyceride emulsion in vitro; the inhibitor also suppressed lipolysis in vivo or the rise in plasma free fatty acids that follows heparin administration. When the inhibitor injection followed that of heparin, the lipolytic activity in vitro of the post-heparininhibitor plasma did not differ from that of post-heparin plasma no marked change was seen in plasma free fatty acid levels. The inhibitor appeared to prevent the release of the clearing factor if the animal were pre-treated with the inhibitor before heparin was administered; however, if clearing factor were already in the circulation at the time the inhibitor was given no effect on lipolysis in vivo or in vitro was evident.
Interspecific antagonism and virulence in hosts exposed to two parasite species

Co-infection of host organisms by multiple parasite species has evolutionary consequences for all participants in the symbiosis. In this study, we co-exposed aquatic-snails (Biomphalaria glabrata) to two of their trematode parasites, Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma caproni. In co-exposed snails, E. caproni prevalence was 63% compared to only 23% for S. mansoni. Co-exposed E. caproni-infected snails exhibited reduced fecundity, higher mortality, and higher parasite reproduction (higher virulence) compared to hosts exposed to echinostomes alone. Conversely, co-exposed S. mansoni-infected snails released fewer parasites and produced greater numbers of eggs compared to hosts exposed to S. mansoni alone. These results suggest that co-exposure not only influences the establishment (presence or absence) of particular parasite species, but also impacts host life history, parasite reproduction, and the virulence of the interaction.
Inferred syntax and semantics of PL/S

This is an attempt to describe a language developed and used by IBM Corporation to support the writing of system programs. It is a PL/1-like language specifically oriented towards the kind of operations required In writing operating systems.The language was referred to originally as BSL, and is now called PL/S. By March 1971 development had proceeded to a version numbered 12.11. I t is this and shortly preceding versions that are described here.
CLASS DEMONSTRATION OF VISUAL DEPTH PERCEPTION WITH THE ALBINO RABBIT.

The young albino rabbit is a good S with which to demonstrate the principles of visual depth perception. It is small enough for a portable apparatus and behaviorally consistent enough for a reliable class demonstration. The results of a demonstration using a portable visual cliff apparatus to four laboratory sections with 10-wk.-old albino rabbits as Ss are presented. On the whole, one animal was used for each section. After a series of observations planned by E, students were allowed to request additional trials of depth-related behavior using conditions they chose themselves. The behavior of the rabbits during E-controlled and student-controlled trials is described.
World Modeling And Path Planning For Autonomous Mobile Robots

An autonomous mobile robot that is capable of planning "intelligent" paths through its world must have a suitable representation, or model, of that world and must be able to interpret its sensory inputs in terms of that world model. Furthermore, the robot must be able to modify its planned movements (and world model) based on differences between current perceptions of the world and the existing model. This paper describes a two-part world model and a method for path planning that are particularly suitable for use in known, man-made environments. The basic model treats the robot's world as a hierarchical network of logical regions with arbitrary polygonal boundaries. Because the regions need not be convex, they may correspond one-to-one with intuitively partitioned, but irregularly shaped, real-world regions such as rooms, hallways, and open work areas. Obstructions within regions are also modeled by arbitrary polygons. A "complex configuration space" is derived from this basic model and is used to plan goal-oriented paths in a top-down fashion. Dynamic replanning is used to cope with changes in the environment.
Parsed and fixed block representations of visual information for image retrieval

The theory of linguistics teaches us the existence of a hierarchical structure in linguistic expressions, from letter to word root, and on to word and sentences. By applying syntax and semantics beyond words, one can further recognize the grammatical relationship between among words and the meaning of a sequence of words. This layered view of a spoken language is useful for effective analysis and automated processing. Thus, it is interesting to ask if a similar hierarchy of representation of visual information does exist. A class of techniques that have a similar nature to the linguistic parsing is found in the Lempel-Ziv incremental parsing scheme. Based on a new class of multidimensional incremental parsing algorithms extended from the Lempel-Ziv incremental parsing, a new framework for image retrieval, which takes advantage of the source characterization property of the incremental parsing algorithm, was proposed recently. With the incremental parsing technique, a given image is decomposed into a number of patches, called a parsed representation. This representation can be thought of as a morphological interface between elementary pixel and a higher level representation. In this work, we examine the properties of two-dimensional parsed representation in the context of imagery information retrieval and in contrast to vector quantization; i.e. fixed square-block representations and minimum average distortion criteria. We implemented four image retrieval systems for the comparative study; three, called IPSILON image retrieval systems, use parsed representation with different perceptual distortion thresholds and one uses the convectional vector quantization for visual pattern analysis. We observe that different perceptual distortion in visual pattern matching does not have serious effects on the retrieval precision although allowing looser perceptual thresholds in image compression result poor reconstruction fidelity. We compare the effectiveness of the use of the parsed representations, as constructed under the latent semantic analysis (LSA) paradigm so as to investigate their varying capabilities in capturing semantic concepts. The result clearly demonstrates the superiority of the parsed representation.
X-ray Spectrometric Analysis of Plutonium-Zirconium Alloys

An x-ray spectrometric method for analyzing binary plutonium-zirconium alloys containing 1 to 25 wt% Zr has been developed. The alloys are analyzed as solutions in 8 M nitric acid. Yttrium is added as an internal standard. The techniques involved in handling and containing the radioactive solutions in conventional liquid cells are described in detail. No modifications to the x-ray spectrometer are required. Adaptations of this method have been used for the analysis of binary plutonium-gallium and plutonium-uranium alloys.
Performance comparison of dynamic policies for remote caching

In a distributed system, data servers (file systems and databases) can easily become bottlenecks. We propose an approach to offloading data access requests from overloaded data servers to nodes that are Idle or less busy. This approach is referred to as remote caching, and the idle or less busy nodes are called mutual servers as they help out the busy server nodes on data accesses. In addition to server and client local caches, frequently accessed data are cached in the main memory of mutual servers, thus improving the data access time in the system. We evaluate several data propagation strategics among data servers and mutual servers. These include policies in which senders are active/passive and receivers are active/passive in initiating data propagation. For example, an active sender takes the initiative to offload data onto a passive receiver. Simulation results show that the active-sender/passive-receiver policy is the method of choice In most cases. Active-Sender policies are best able to exploit the main memory of other Idle nodes in the expected normal condition where some nodes are overloaded and others are less loaded. AH active policies perform far better than the policy without remote caching even in the degenerated case where each node is equally loaded.
Novel Inhibitors Induce Large Conformational Changes of GAB1 Pleckstrin Homology Domain and Kill Breast Cancer Cells

The Grb2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) integrates signals from different signaling pathways and is over-expressed in many cancers, therefore representing a new therapeutic target. In the present study, we aim to target the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of GAB1 for cancer treatment. Using homology models we derived, high-throughput virtual screening of five million compounds resulted in five hits which exhibited strong binding affinities to GAB1 PH domain. Our prediction of ligand binding affinities is also in agreement with the experimental KD values. Furthermore, molecular dynamics studies showed that GAB1 PH domain underwent large conformational changes upon ligand binding. Moreover, these hits inhibited the phosphorylation of GAB1 and demonstrated potent, tumor-specific cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. This effort represents the discovery of first-in-class GAB1 PH domain inhibitors with potential for targeted breast cancer therapy and provides novel insights into structure-based approaches to targeting this protein.
TH‐A‐217BCD‐07: Validation of Breast Density Measurement Using Dual Energy Mammography: A Post Mortem Study

Purpose: To validate the use of dual energy mammography for the measurement of breast density in 40 post mortem ex vivo breast tissue samples. Methods: Twenty pairs of post mortem breast samples (n=40) were imaged with a full field digital mammography system. Low energy images were acquired at 28 kVp with a 50 μm rhodium filter at 60 mAs. High energy images were acquired at 49 kVp with a 300 μm copper filter at 30 mAs. Dual energy decomposition of the low and high energy images yielded individual pixel measurements of glandular and adipose equivalent material thicknesses. The decomposition was based on a previous calibration with glandular and adipose equivalent phantoms. Breast density (BD) was calculated as the ratio of glandular thickness over the sum total thickness. Each post mortem sample was then analyzed by chemical analysis based on desiccation, trituration and fat extraction to determine the weight and subsequent percent composition of water, lipid and lean (i.e. protein + mineral) contents. The fibroglandular ratio (FGR), a surrogate quantity to breast density, was calculated from the chemical analysis data as the ratio of the total volume of water and lean contents over the sum of all three contents. Results: Linear relationships between breast density and the water, lipid, and lean contents were all highly correlated. BD and FGR data were related by BD = 1.9 FGR ‐ 50 (r>0.99). Conclusions: The high correlation between breast composition data determined from images and data determined from chemical analysis serve to validate the use of dual energy mammography as a measurement technique. It is thought that more quantitative means of measuring breast density, like the one proposed here, will help to further enhance its use and utility as a marker and risk factor for the development of breast cancer.
Changing of the Guard: the Influence of CEO Socialization on Strategic Change

This paper utilizes socialization theory to describe why some chief executive successions lead to a change in a firm's strategic direction and others do not. We argue that socialization theory permits the identification of a constellation of individual and situational characteristics that can drive or restrain strategic change following succession. Specifically, we develop a framework of how differences in chief executives' prior work experience, educational background, personal characteristics, and differences in the role's requirements and socialization agents' characteristics, can all serve as forces driving or restraining the likelihood of strategic change. This perspective goes beyond the distinction between a successor's origin as an organizational insider or outsider used in previous research to explain the strategic implication of chief executive succession. It provides a description of an underlying process – socialization – that constitutes a theoretical rationale for the link between executive successions and strategic outcomes.
Understanding Participation in Social Programs: Why Don't Households Pick up the Lifeline?

Georgetown University, mayoj@georgetown.eduRecommended CitationMark Burton, Jeffrey Macher, and John W. Mayo (2007) “Understanding Participation in SocialPrograms: Why Don’t Households Pick up the Lifeline?,” The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis& Policy: Vol. 7: Iss. 1 (Topics), Article 57.Available at: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/vol7/iss1/art57Copyright c 2007 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.
Hybrid orbital and numerical grid representation for electronic continuum processes: Double photoionization of atomic beryllium

A general approach for ab initio calculations of electronic continuum processes is described in which the many-electron wave function is expanded using a combination of orbitals at short range and the finite-element discrete-variable representation (FEM-DVR) at larger distances. The orbital portion of the basis allows efficient construction of many-electron configurations in which some of the electrons are bound, but because the orbitals are constructed from an underlying FEM-DVR grid, the calculation of two-electron integrals retains the efficiency of the primitive FEM-DVR approach. As an example, double photoionization of beryllium is treated in a calculation in which the $1{s}^{2}$ core is frozen. This approach extends the use of exterior complex scaling (ECS), successfully applied to helium and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, to calculations with two active electrons on more complicated targets. Integrated, energy-differential and triply-differential cross sections are exhibited, and the results agree well with other theoretical investigations.
Starting with stars

The Fundamentals of Stellar Astrophysics. By George W. Collins II. W. H. Freeman: 1989. Pp.494. $47.95, £37.95.
Role of chemotherapy in the treatment of low-grade gliomas

Being the most prevalent group of brain tumors in all age groups, low-grade gliomas still leave the question of the optimal treatment open. Despite the indolent, non-aggressive behavior of these tumors, there has been no dramatic improvement in treatment results. Surgery and radiotherapy have certain limitations in the treatment of patients with low-grade gliomas. The purpose of this review is to display a role of chemotherapy in overcoming these therapeutic obstacles. The recent reports of groups studying treatment for low-grade gliomas are analyzed.
Strategic Purchases of Bundled Products in a Health Care Supply Chain Environment

Recent articles in the Wall Street Journal summarize the state of business practice in American hospitals by shedding light on the state of supply chain management practices and foci in today's health care supply chains. In health care, the single largest cost after labor is materials, and it has been documented that health care facilities can reduce the environmental impacts of the products and services they consume before regulatory problems arise or waste disposal costs increase by focusing on their upstream activities. Health care systems around the country consume significant quantities and varieties of products within the health delivery processes. Solving these environmental problems requires a much broader view involving collaborative efforts of professionals from different areas of health care to meet these challenges. The purchasing function bridges the gaps by providing a healthy dialogue on key environmental attributes within the health care supply chain. The concept of bundling new with refurbished products is gaining a lot of attention in the health care supply chain. This research describes a health care purchasing problem for bundling new and refurbished products of the type facing a growing number of large health care providers, and then proposes a methodology for evaluating the complex tradeoffs involved in bundling decisions for refurbished health care products. By exploiting some useful properties of the problem structure, our results provide buyers with useful insights for examining and selecting suppliers who are willing to offer bundles of new and refurbished products.
Double mode condensates of a flowing plasma as possible relaxed states

Stationary energy (SE) states are found for a flowing two-fluid plasma. These are of interest because quiescent relaxed plasma equilibria, if they exist, should be a subset of the SE states. The platform for the analysis is a two-fluid flowing plasma, which is more realistic than the single-fluid model used in most treatments of relaxed plasmas. The two-fluid model is characterized by two helicities, one for each species. Including flow allows for the possibility that flow may be an important ingredient in relaxed states. The analysis expands the flow and field vectors in a complete basis set of divergence-free vectors. This reduces the problem to algebra. It leads at once to the prediction of SE states that are a two-point spectrum of the basis set, i.e., double-mode condensates. The properties of these SE states are shown to depend on their location in helicity space, a two-dimensional parameter space of the ion and electron helicities. The migration of a SE state as a result of resistive and viscous dissipation is also shown.Stationary energy (SE) states are found for a flowing two-fluid plasma. These are of interest because quiescent relaxed plasma equilibria, if they exist, should be a subset of the SE states. The platform for the analysis is a two-fluid flowing plasma, which is more realistic than the single-fluid model used in most treatments of relaxed plasmas. The two-fluid model is characterized by two helicities, one for each species. Including flow allows for the possibility that flow may be an important ingredient in relaxed states. The analysis expands the flow and field vectors in a complete basis set of divergence-free vectors. This reduces the problem to algebra. It leads at once to the prediction of SE states that are a two-point spectrum of the basis set, i.e., double-mode condensates. The properties of these SE states are shown to depend on their location in helicity space, a two-dimensional parameter space of the ion and electron helicities. The migration of a SE state as a result of resistive and viscous di...
Quantitative stability in stochastic programming

In this paper we study stability of optimal solutions of stochastic programming problems with fixed recourse. An upper bound for the rate of convergence is given in terms of the objective functions of the associated deterministic problems. As an example it is shown how it can be applied to derivation of the Law of Iterated Logarithm for the optimal solutions. It is also shown that in the case of simple recourse this upper bound implies upper Lipschitz continuity of the optimal solutions with respect to the Kolmogorov--Smirnov distance between the corresponding cumulative probability distribution functions.
Recent advances in secondary instabilities in boundary layers

Abstract The subharmonic instability of a two-dimensional incompressible boundary layer on a flat plat is analyzed using the Floquet model and the resonant triad model. The problems arising from both models are solved numerically using a shooting technique and results are presented and compared with each other and with the experimental data of Kachanov and Levchenko and Corke and Mangano. Results are also compared with the numerical simulation of Spalart and Yang. The results of the Floquet model are in good agreement with the experimental data of Kachanov and Levchenko but they are not in as good an agreement with those of Corke and Mangano. The agreement between the results of the resonant triad model and the experimental data is only qualitative. Results of the Floquet model agree well with the results of the numerical simulation of Spalart and Yang.
A configurable IC for wireless real-time in vivo monitoring of chemical and electrical neural activity

A 16-channel chip for wireless in vivo recording of chemical and electrical neural activity is described. The 7.83-mm2 IC is fabricated using a 0.5-µm CMOS process and incorporates a 71-µW, 3rd-order, configurable, ∆Σ modulator per channel, achieving an input-referred noise of 4.69 µV rms in 4-kHz BW and 94.1 pA rms in 5-kHz BW for electrical and fastscan voltammetric chemical neurosensing, respectively. Brain extracellular levels of dopamine elicited by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle have been recorded wirelessly on multiple channels using 300-V/s fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in the anesthetized rat.
Moving To The Cloud: Transitioning From Client-Server To Service Architecture

This paper makes the case that the traditional three-tier client-server architecture requires a major overhaul to address the changing and rapidly increasing information processing and services needs of consumers. Revisions to the conventional architecture model are suggested and two examples of information systems applications are discussed to illustrate how the new information service architecture fits into the realm of future systems development.
A practice-centered intervention to increase screening for domestic violence in primary care practices

Background Interventions to change practice patterns among health care professionals have had mixed success. We tested the effectiveness of a practice centered intervention to increase screening for domestic violence in primary care practices.
Optical technique for porosity detection inside valve body spool bores down to 5 mm diameter

We inspect inner surfaces of valve body spool bores down to 5 mm diameter for porosity defects, using an optical probe with ∼50 µm lateral resolution. The probe can also distinguish porosity from bump-type defects.
Will They Catch Up? The Role of Age at Cochlear Implantation in the Spoken Language Development of Children With Severe to Profound Hearing Loss

Purpose The authors examined the benefits of younger cochlear implantation, longer cochlear implant use, and greater pre-implant aided hearing to spoken language at 3.5 and 4.5 years of age. Method Language samples were obtained at ages 3.5 and 4.5 years from 76 children who received an implant by their 3rd birthday. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to identify characteristics associated with spoken language outcomes at the 2 test ages. The Preschool Language Scale (I. L. Zimmerman, V. G. Steiner, & R. E. Pond, 1992) was used to compare the participants' skills with those of hearing age-mates at age 4.5 years. Results Expected language scores increased with younger age at implant and lower pre-implant thresholds, even when compared at the same duration of implant use. Expected Preschool Language Scale scores of the children who received the implant at the youngest ages reached those of hearing age-mates by 4.5 years, but those children implanted after 24 months of age did not catch up with hearing pe...
Type II regulatory subunits are not required for the anchoring-dependent modulation of Ca2+ channel activity by cAMP-dependent protein kinase

Preferential phosphorylation of specific proteins by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) may be mediated in part by the anchoring of PKA to a family of A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) positioned in close proximity to target proteins. This interaction is thought to depend on binding of the type II regulatory (RII) subunits to AKAPs and is essential for PKA-dependent modulation of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate receptor, the L-type Ca2+ channel, and the KCa channel. We hypothesized that the targeted disruption of the gene for the ubiquitously expressed RIIα subunit would reveal those tissues and signaling events that require anchored PKA. RIIα knockout mice appear normal and healthy. In adult skeletal muscle, RIα protein levels increased to partially compensate for the loss of RIIα. Nonetheless, a reduction in both catalytic (C) subunit protein levels and total kinase activity was observed. Surprisingly, the anchored PKA-dependent potentiation of the L-type Ca2+ channel in RIIα knockout skeletal muscle was unchanged compared with wild type although it was more sensitive to inhibitors of PKA–AKAP interactions. The C subunit colocalized with the L-type Ca2+ channel in transverse tubules in wild-type skeletal muscle and retained this localization in knockout muscle. The RIα subunit was shown to bind AKAPs, although with a 500-fold lower affinity than the RIIα subunit. The potentiation of the L-type Ca2+ channel in RIIα knockout mouse skeletal muscle suggests that, despite a lower affinity for AKAP binding, RIα is capable of physiologically relevant anchoring interactions.
Contrasting Biogeochemistry of Six Trace Metals during the Rise and Decay of a Spring Phytoplankton Bloom in San Francisco Bay

The spring 2003 phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (South Bay) affected the cycling of Mn, Co, Zn, Ni, and Pb, but not Cu. We followed this diatom bloom for 2 months, capturing a peak in chlorophyll a (Chl a) of .150 m gL 21 and then an increase in dissolved organic carbon of .400 mmol L21 as phytoplankton decomposed. To determine how the stages of the bloom affected metal concentrations, we used principal component analysis to reduce our 15 water chemistry variables into a bloom factor, a sorbent factor, and a decay factor. Increasing values of the bloom factor, which was a composite of dissolved oxygen, Chl a, and other variables, significantly accounted for reductions in dissolved Mn, Ni, and Pb. We attributed those declines to microbial oxidation, phytoplankton uptake, and sorption onto phytoplankton, respectively. In contrast, dissolved Cu concentrations were not explained by either the bloom or decay factors, consistent with previous studies showing its strong organic complexation and limited bioavailability in South Bay. The decay factor significantly accounted for increases in dissolved Mn, Co, Zn, and Pb. Decomposing bloom material presumably caused suboxic conditions in surface sediments, resulting in release of metals to overlying waters during reductive dissolution of Mn and Fe (hydr)oxides. These alterations in metal cycling during a nutrient-enriched bloom were evidence of eutrophication. Annually, phytoplankton productivity has the potential to affect metal retention in the estuary; in 2003, 75% of Ni discharged into lower South Bay by wastewater treatment plants was cycled through phytoplankton.
Fluid dynamics and mass transfer in a gas centrifuge

The fluid motion, temperature distribution and the mass-transfer problem of a binary gas mixture in a rapidly rotating centrifuge are investigated. The model centrifuge considered consists of a pair of concentric circular cylinders bounded on the top and bottom by horizontal end plates; the apparatus rotates rapidly about the axis of the cylinders. During steady operation a binary gas mixture containing species A and B is injected into and withdrawn from the centrifuge through axisymmetric slots located on the sidewalls. Solutions for the velocity, temperature and mass-fraction fields within the centrifuge are obtained for mechanically or thermally driven centrifuges. For the mass-transfer problem, a detailed analysis of the fluid-mechanical boundary layers is required, and, in particular, mass fluxes within the boundary layers are obtained for a wide range of source-sink geometries. Solutions to the mass-transfer problem are obtained for moderately and strongly forced flows in the container; the dependence of the separation (or enrichment) factor on centrifuge configuration, rotational speed and fraction of the volumetric flow rate extracted at the product port (the cut) are predicted.
Determinants of Risk Taking in a Dynamic Uncertain Context

We tested the effects of positive and negative framing on risky decision making in a simulated managerial judgement task. Until now the extensive research on framing effects has been characterized by static contexts, explicit probabilities, and hypothetical gambles. In contrast we simulated a more realistic decision making environment in which individuals chose more or less risky goals in a complex dynamic task that featured uncertain outcomes and meaningful consequences. Decision makers chose a series of performance goals under conditions of either potential losses or gains and also received feedback about their goal attainment. Our results failed to replicateProspect Theory predictions about initial gain vs.loss framing typically found in static decision making contexts. In addition, we tested competing hypotheses derived from Prospect Theory and Quasi-Hedonic Editing (QHE) Theory about the effects of performance outcome feedback on subsequent decisions. Consistent with QHE Theory, decision makers who h...
Macrophage Solubilization and Cytotoxicity of Indium-Containing Particles In Vitro

Indium-containing particles (ICPs) are used extensively in the microelectronics industry. Pulmonary toxicity is observed after inhalation exposure to ICPs; however, the mechanism(s) of pathogenesis is unclear. ICPs are insoluble at physiological pH and are initially engulfed by alveolar macrophages (and likely airway epithelial cells). We hypothesized that uptake of ICPs by macrophages followed by phagolysosomal acidification results in the solubilization of ICPs into cytotoxic indium ions. To address this, we characterized the in vitro cytotoxicity of indium phosphide (InP) or indium tin oxide (ITO) particles with macrophages (RAW cells) and lung-derived epithelial (LA-4) cells at 24h using metabolic (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and membrane integrity (lactate dehydrogenase) assays. InP and ITO were readily phagocytosed by RAW and LA-4 cells; however, the particles were much more cytotoxic to RAW cells and cytotoxicity was dose dependent. Treatment of RAW cells with cytochalasin D (CytoD) blocked particle phagocytosis and reduced cytotoxicity. Treatment of RAW cells with bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of phagolysosomal acidification, also reduced cytotoxicity but did not block particle uptake. Based on direct indium measurements, the concentration of ionic indium was increased in culture medium from RAW but not LA-4 cells following 24-h treatment with particles. Ionic indium derived from RAW cells was significantly reduced by treatment with CytoD. These data implicate macrophage uptake and solubilization of InP and ITO via phagolysosomal acidification as requisite for particle-induced cytotoxicity and the release of indium ions. This may apply to other ICPs and strongly supports the notion that ICPs require solubilization in order to be toxic.
The Relationship between Intraoral Palatal Measurements and Articulation Improvement with Training

AbstractThe purposes of this study were: (a) to examine the relationships between intraoral measurements of palatal length, width, and height and the degree of improvement in articulating Irl-phonemes by a group of children after articulation training, and (b) to ascertain whether a group of Irl-phoneme defective children and a matched group of normal articulation children differed significantly on palatal measurements of length, width, and height. Intraoral palatal measurements of length, width, and height were made on all subjects using a specially modified orthodontic caliper.Children with higher palatal measurements made significantly less improvement on Irl after articulation training than did the children with lower palates. There was no significant relationship between improvement in articulation after training and palatal width and length dimensions. The group of Irl defective children and the group of normal articulation children differed significantly on palatal height but not length and width. ...
Side force computations for slender bodies by a far-field approach

Calculations of the side forces and moments acting on a slender body at high angles of attack are presented. The procedure is based on a model that relates the far-field wake structure in the form of a system of vortex filaments to the induced forces. The geometry of the vortices as required by the inner boundary conditions is derived from experimental data with laminar separation. The circulation of the vortices is determined by the dynamics of the vortex system. Enhancement of the vortex strength by the nose shape is also considered. The model has been successfully applied to bodies with ogive noses. The concept is general and can be applied in principle to different separation conditions and nose shapes, provided the inner conditions for these cases are properly specified.